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JANUARY  3,  1942 


American 

GRICU  LTURIST 


FOUNDED  I  842 


^  EVERY  OTHER  WEEK  THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 


wssm 


4 


Safi  ‘Mr.  EXTRA  TRACTION 


♦Mr.  EXTRA  TRACTION 
gets  his  name  from 
the  Extra  Traction 
Bar  length  on  Every 
FIRESTONE 
GROUND  GRIP  TIRE 


UP  TO  215  EXTRA  INCHES 

OF  TRACTION  BAR  LENGTH 
PER  TRACTOR  MEANS: 


GREATER  TRACTION  AND  FUEL  SAVINGS  — 

The  real  measure  of  traction  in  any  tractor  tire  is  its 
traction  bar  length — and  Firestone  Ground  Grip  Tires 
have  up  to  215  extra  inches  of  traction  bar  length  per 
tractor.  That  means  more  time  saved,  and  more  money 
saved — in  fact  extra  traction  gives  you  up  to  one  gallon 
of  fuel  free  for  every  seven  used. 

BETTER  CLEANING—  Any  tractor  tire  will  give  good 
traction  in  dry  soil.  But  what  you  want  is  a  tractor  tire 
that  won’t  slip,  waste  fuel  and  bog  down  in  mud  or 
soft  sod.  In  the  patented  Firestone  Ground  Grip  Tread 
there  are  no  mud  traps  —  no  unconnected  bars  which 
collect  trash  and  mud. 

LONGER  WEAR— Every  traction  bar  in  the  Firestone 
Ground  Grip  Tread  is  heavily  buttressed  and  triple- 
braced.  There  are  no  unsupported  bars  which  wobble 
and  wipe,  and  lose  their  sharp,  biting  edges.  Triple- 
braced  traction  bars  are  a  patented  feature  found  only 
on  Firestone  Ground  Grip  Tires. 


Old  Dobbin  loughs  every  time 
he  hears  anyone  *ayr  "An 
open  tenter  gives  a  better  bite" 


For  superior  performance  in  every  type  of  soil  condition 
insist  on  Firestone  Ground  Grip  Tires  on  your  new 
tractor.  Mail  the  coupon  today  and  get  the  “Down  to 
Earth  Facts  About  Tractor  and  Implement  Tires.” 


MORS  FARM  TRACTORS  ARB  EQUIPPED  WITH 

'Fir«$tone 

W  GROUND  GRIP  TIRES 

THAN  WITH  ANT  OTHER  MAKE 


MAIL  THIS  COUPON  TODAY! 

The  Firestone  Tire  &  Rubber  Co.,  Akron,  Ohio 
Without  obligation  on  my  part,  please  send  me  (check 
below): 

□  A  copy  of  the  new  booklet  “Down  to  Earth  Facts 
About  Tractor  and  Implement  Tires.” 

□  Full  details  on  changing  over  my  farm  wagon  or 
spreader. 

□  Please  demonstrate  Firestone  Ground  Grip  Tires  with 
my  own  tractor  on  my  own  farm. 

□  Information  on  applying  the  New  Ground  Grip  High 
Bar  Tread  to  worn  tractor  tires. 

Make  and  model  of  tractor . 

Please  demonstrate  on . (date) 

Name . . . 

R.  F.  D.  or  Street  Number . 

Town . 


.County . State. 


Listen  to  the  Voice  of  Firestone  with  Richard  Crooks,  Margaret  Speaks  and  the  Firestone  Symphony  Orchestra,  under  the  direction  of  Alfred  Wallenstein,  Monday  evenings,  over  N.  B.  C.  Red  Network 

Copyright,  1942,  The  Firestone  Tire  &  Buhber  Oo.,  Akron,  Ohio 


GOING  TO  BUY  A  NEW  TRACTOR? 


Insist  on 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


3  (3) 


Men  fiuiUt 

By  DR.  LIBERTY  IIYDE  BAILEY 


ON  THE  LIVES 
OF  OTHERS 


ONE  HUNDRED  YEARS  have  passed. 

American  Agriculturist  is  one  hundred 
years  old.  Generations  have  come  and 
gone.  Each  generation  has  been  com¬ 
posed  of  earnest  folk  who  have  con¬ 
tributed  their  labor  and  their  desires.  The  world 
has  been  made  a  better  place  in  which  to  live. 
We  owe  the  gains  to  them.  We  have  memories 
of  golden  lives  of  men  and  women.  Within  this 
great  departing  century  all  the  vast  technical 
gains  of  the  farmer  have  come  into  being.  We 
think  of  precise  hand  tools  and  farm  machinery, 
betterments  in  the  home,  all  the  things  made 
possible  by  wires  from  fencing  to  telegraph  and 
telephone,  railroads  and  paved  highways  and 
the  vehicles  that  move  on  them,  conquest  of  the 
atmosphere  for  transportation  and  communica¬ 
tion,  governmental  agencies  for  the  good  of  agri¬ 
culture  and  country  life,  colleges  of  agriculture 
and  experiment  stations,  all  the  science  whereby 
we  work  and  live,  better  animals  and  crops,  ac¬ 
curate  handling  of  land,  conquest  of  disease  and 
pest,  marketing  problems  under  active  discus¬ 
sion,  economic  questions  receiving  immediate 
attention,  commanding  organizations  that  ex¬ 
press  the  pleasure  and  the  will  of  rural  people, 
new  and  vital  literature  in  periodicals  and  bul¬ 


letins  and  books,  progressive  outlook  on  life. 
Surely  we  should  be  fortified. 

We  should  now  conscientiously  plan  each  to 
govern  himself  and  as  communities  and  nations 
learn  to  live  decently  together.  The  past  means 
much  to  us.  Because  it  means  so  much  we 


should  apply  it  to  the  future,  and  move  ever  in¬ 
to  better  satisfactions.  More  is  ahead  of  us  than 

4 

we  can  yet  foresee.  So  much  have  we  received 
that  we  should  apply  it  devotedly  and  in  good 
will.  Men  build  on  the  lives  of  others,  and  they 
look  to  the  stars. 


CUTTING  OUR  CENTENNIAL  CAKE 


THESE  FOLKS  are  representative  of 
American  Agriculturist's  great  family,  and 
also  representative  of  three  generations  of 
farm  life  and  leadership.  No  wonder  they  look 
happy,  for  such  great  occasions  don’t  come 
often.  From  left  to  right  they  are: 

John  Wilcox,  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  past  President 
of  New  York  State  Future  Farmers.  John  well 
represents  the  young  men  of  his  generation  who 
love  farming,  and  who  are  training  themselves 
to  carry  it  forward  with  honor,  glory,  and  hap¬ 
piness. 

Louise  Mullen,  Stafford,  N.  Y.,  President  of 
the  Junior  Vegetable  Growers  of  America. 
Louise  is  typical  of  the  young  women  of  the 
farm  well  qualified  to  carry  on  in  her  generation 
the  high  work  and  ideals  of  the  farm  wives  and 
mothers  of  the  present  and  the  past. 


E.  R.  Eastman,  for  the  last  twenty  years 
Editor  of  American  Agriculturist. 

Dr.  Liberty  Hyde  Bailey,  first  Dean  of  the 
New  York  State  College  of  Agriculture,  pioneer 
beyond  all  living  men  in  founding  the  science 
upon  which  American  agriculture  is  now  built. 
Dr.  Bailey  is  probably  the  world’s  best  known 
scientific  author  on  farm  subjects.  In  addition, 
he  is  a  poet,  a  philosopher,  and  a  friend  of  man. 

Mrs.  Herbert  King,  Trumansburg,  New  York, 
is  truly  representative  of  that  great  army  of 
farmers’  wives  and  mothers  who  make  the  farm 
home  the  best  place  in  all  the  world. 

Herbert  King,  former  President  of  the  New 
York  State  Federation  of  Farm  Bureaus,  is  a 
true  Master  Farmer,  combining  in  his  work  and 
character  the  qualities  that  have  kept  American 
agriculture  always  marching  on. 


(4)  4 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


THE- 


I  Afi  f: 


Address  all  mail  for  Editorial  or  Advertl*. 
Ing  departments  to  Ameriean  Agriculturist, 
Savings  Bank  Building.  Ithaca,  New  York. 


B  V  E .  R.  E  A  S  T/AA  N 


American  Agriculturist  Is  100 
Years  Olil 

ITH  this  Centennial  issue,  American 
Agriculturist  celebrates  one  hundred 
years  work  for  farmers.  In  the  lifetime  of 
American  Agriculturist — in  fact,  in  the  lifetime 
of  living  men — farming  and  the  way  of  life  of 
farm  folks  have  undergone  a  complete  revolu¬ 
tion. 

The  first  issue  of  this  paper,  published  in  1842, 
had  no  pictures  and  no  advertisements.  Except 
for  the  few  things  farmers  themselves  had  for 
sale,  there  was  nothing  to  advertise.  There  was 
little  farm  machinery,  practically  no  body  of 
farm  science,  and  no  agricultural  education  as 
we  know  it  today.  The  first  railroad  was  only 
ten  years  old,  the  telegraph  and  the  telephone 
had  not  yet  been  invented,  there  was  no  R.F.D., 
and  of  course  no  automobiles  or  radios  or  a 
thousand  and  one  other  gadgets  which  we  now 
consider  necessary  to  our  way  of  life. 

No  period  in  the  history  of  the  world  has  seen 
as  many  changes  as  the  past  hundred  years. 
Through  all  of  that  time  American  Agriculturist 
has  recorded  those  changes,  and  helped  to  bring 
to  pass  the  good  ones.  This  publication  has  sur¬ 
vived  and  grown  through  all  that  time  because 
it  has  served  farmers  with  the  latest  and  best 
farm  practices,  interpreted  and  presented  so  as 
to  be  quickly  read  and  easily  understood.  The 
paper  has  lived  a  hundred  years  because  it  has 
always  been  its  editorial  policy  to  be  construc¬ 
tive  and  fair,  and  yet  it  has  not  hesitated  to 
fight  evil  and  unfair  practices  injurious  to  farm¬ 
ers  and  to  the  nation.  Through  all  the  ups  and 
downs  of  war  and  peace,  hard  times  and  good, 
American  Agriculturist  has  fought  to  preserve 
and  to  carry  on  the  fundamental  principles  laid 
down  by  our  forebears,  principles  which  have 
made  this  a  great  country. 

In  this  Centennial  Number,  the  greatest  issue 
we  have  ever  published,  our  theme  has  been 
“Looking  Backwards  in  Order  to  See  Ahead.” 
Writing  on  this  theme  are  many  of  the  pioneers 
in  agricultural  education  and  organization  who 
helped  to  lay  the  foundations  of  farming  as  we 
know  it  today. 

Looking  backwards,  I  see  a  century  of  mater¬ 
ial  progress.  We  can  truly  say  with  Tennyson, 
we  are: 

“Heirs  of  all  the  ages 
Standing  in  the  files  of  time.” 

Everything  good  that  has  ever  been  accomp¬ 
lished  is  ours  to  enjoy  today.  We  have  material 
blessings  that  even  our  fathers  never  dream¬ 
ed  of. 

But  spiritually  we  have  made  little  or  no 

progress.  People  of  this  generation  are  restless, 

dissatisfied,  and  unhappy.  Almost  all  of  the 
world  is  aflame  with  war.  The  torch  of  liberty 
handed  to  us  by  our  fathers  is  not  being  handed 
on  undimmed. 

Looking  ahead,  then,  the  greatest  challenge 
of  the  coming  years  is  to  bring  our  spiritual 
progress  in  line  with  what  has  been  accomplish¬ 
ed  with  physical  things  in  the  past  hundred 
years.  The  human  soul  needs  something  besides 

gadgets.  Especially  now  in  these  awful  times 

when  all  the  world  is  ablaze  with  war,  people 
are  looking  for  light,  for  help  and  guidance.  We 
of  American  Agriculturist  accept  that  spiritual 
challenge.  We  don’t  know  all  of  the  answers. 
But  this  great  publication  has  lived  and  worked 
with  and  for  you  farm  folks  for  a  long  time.  We 
have  sympathized  with  you  in  your  sorrows, 


rejoiced  in  and  worked  for  your  happiness. 
Count  on  us  to  continue  to  do  it. 

At  the  start  of  this  new  year,  and  at  the  be¬ 
ginning  of  our  second  hundred  years  of  publi¬ 
cation,  we  pledge  you  readers,  the  real  owners 
of  American  Agriculturist,  all  we  are  and  all  we 
have  to  make  this  paper  an  indispensable  friend 
in  every  farm  home  in  the  Northeast. 

A  Suggested  War  Pledge  for  Every 
Farmer  and  Farm  Wife 

FULLY  aware  of  our  country’s  grave  danger, 
and  conscious  of  the  great  part  American 
farmers  have  always  played  in  other  critical 
times,  we  now  pledge: 

AN  ALL-OUT  EFFORT  ON  THE  PART 
OF  OUR  FAMILY  TO  WIN  THIS  WAR. 

Realizing  how  important  a  sufficient  supply 
of  food  is  for  ourselves  and  our  allies,  we  pledge : 
TO  PRODUCE  MORE  FOOD,  BUT  ONLY 

BY  GOOD  FARM  PRACTICES. 

Vividly  remembering  the  disaster  to  farmers 
and  to  the  Nation  which  followed  the  first 
World  War,  partly  because  of  over-production, 
we  pledge  an  intensive  rather  than  an  extensive 
effort  to  produce  more  food. 

I,  AS  A  FARMER,  will  not  extend  operations 
to  poor  land. 

I  will  farm  good  land  and  good  cows  better. 

I  will  do  my  part  to  prevent  the  inflation  of 
land  values. 

Knowing  that  changing  cows  from  one  dairy 
to  another  will  not  add  to  the  total  milk  supply, 
I  pledge  myself  to  be  careful  about  further  in¬ 
flating  cow  prices  by  paying  too  high  prices  for 
them. 

Realizing  how  much  the  safety  of  the  Nation 
depends  upon  the  farm  and  the  farm  home  be¬ 
ing  free  from  a  too  heavy  burden  of  debt,  and 
knowing  that  hard  times  will  come  again,  my 
wife  and  myself  promise  to  think  carefully  be¬ 
fore  incurring  more  debt,  and  to  try  to  pay  off 
or  to  reduce  the  mortgage  and  other  debts  on 


Meet  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Cass  and  Mr.  Charles  A.  Steele 
of  Plaistow,  New  Hampshire.  They  were  both  born 
in  January,  1847,  just  five  years  after  the  birth  of 
American  Agriculturist.  They  have  been  neighbors 
in  Plaistow  all  of  their  lives.  Mrs.  Cass  is  holding 
a  copy  of  American  Agriculturist.  So  far  as  we 
know  they  are  the  oldest  readers  of  American  Agri¬ 
culturist.  Can  anybody  dispute  this  claim,  with 
proof? — Picture  courtesy  of  Mr.  Gordon  Thomas, 
New  England  Manager,-  American  Agriculturist. 


the  farm  and  the  farm  home. 

I  pledge  myself  further  to  plan  my  business 
as  far  ahead  as  possible,  including  especially 
repairs  to  equipment,  and  the  early  purchase 
of  feed,  seeds,  and  fertilizers  for  next  year. 

I,  AS  A  FARM  WOMAN,  realize  the  impor¬ 
tance  of  maintaining  morale  in  a  critical  time 
like  this.  I  know  how  much  a  good  home  means. 
Therefore,  I  promise  to  make  that  home  a  bet¬ 
ter  place  than  ever  in  which  to  live.  I  know  that 
whatever  may  happen,  the  processes  of  everyday 
life  must  go  on. 

I  pledge  myself  to  cooperate  with  my  hus¬ 
band  to  help  in  every  way  I  can  to  produce 
more  food,  and  especially  in  planning  with  him 
to  get  more  of  the  living  of  the  family  from  the 
farm  itself  by  canning  and  other  processing  of 
the  products  of  a  bigger  and  better  garden,  by 
the  larger  use  of  milk  and  dairy  products,  and 
by  planning  the  use  of  such  other  home-grown 
farm  products  as  is  practical. 

Remembering  the  awful  toll  that  disease  took 
during  the  first  World  War;  remembering  how 
many  of  our  young  men  and  women,  even  from 
farm  homes,  are  defective  in  health,  I  realize 
that  as  a  farm  wife  and  mother  I  can  make  no 
greater  contribution  to  this  Nation  than  to  study 
how  better  to  feed  and  otherwise  protect  the 
health  of  my  family. 

WE,  AS  A  FARMER  AND  A  FARM  WOM¬ 
AN,  realizing  the  importance  of  food  production 
and  home-making  in  our  all-out  effort  to  win 
this  war,  are  resolved  that  our  first  responsibility 
is  to  do  the  job  where  we  are,  and  do  it  better. 

(Editor’s  Note:'  ese  sute  to  read  “Your  Part  in 
Civilian  Defense,’’  on  page  20.) 

Farm  Machines  Arc  Defense  Tools 

ON  THE  Sunday  following  the  attack  by 
Japan,  I  rode  all  day  and  into  the  evening 
across  our  Northeast.  Trains  and  depots  were 
filled  with  boys  in  uniform,  soldiers  and  sailors, 
going  to  or  coming  from  brief  visits  with  their 
families.  In  every  city  and  town,  factory  win¬ 
dows  were  ablaze  with  light,  running  night  and 
day  in  this  all-out  war  effort.  The  whole  was 
a  picture  of  a  great  Democracy  going  into  ac¬ 
tion,  slow  to  anger  aad  slow  to  act,  but  mighty 
in  its  wrath.  Gone  are  all  the  internal  quarrels 
and  bickerings;  remembered  only  is  the  need 
for  united  action.  Labor  leaders  and  labor 
unions  are  sitting  down  with  employers  to  re¬ 
solve  that  there  shall  be  no  more  strikes  “for  the 
duration.” 

I  have  been  critical  of  some  labor  leadership 
in  past  months.  My  hat  is  off  to  them  now.  So 
it  is  also  to  business,  and  especially  to  farm 
folks,  and  to  all  American  citizens,  united  now 
to  fight  with  all  that  it  takes  and  for  as  long 
as  needed  for  the  principles  for  which  this 
Republic  stands. 

To  that  fight  the  farmer  will  make  a  great 
contribution,  as  he  always  has  in  past  crises  of 
this  country.  The  farm  family  is  sending  its  boys 
to  the  armed  forces  of  the  country,  and  more 
than  its  share  of  both  young  men  and  young 
women  to  work  in  the  defense  industries.  That 
leaves  the  farmer  himself  without  help  to  carry 
on  his  own  important  job  of  raising  food.  His 
only  recourse  is  an  adequate  supply  of  farm 
machinery,  which  is  just  as  important  in  the 
production  of  food  as  a  gun  is  to  a  soldier. 

It  is  to  be  hoped,  therefore,  that  government 
leaders  will  come  to  the  aid  of  farmers  to  help 
them  do  their  part  in  winning  this  war  by  mak¬ 
ing  sure  that  they  have  the  equipment  with 
which  to  do  it. 


editor-  A1  Coleman,  art  editor;  Contributing  editors:  L.  B.  SkefRngton,  ,  ,  .  , 

circulation  manager;  V.  E.  Grover,  subscription  manager.  Subscription  price  payable  in  advance. 


$.50  a  year  in  the  U.  S.  A. 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


5  (5) 


A  Continued  Story  by 
C.  E.  LADD  and  E.  R.  EASTMAN 


CHAPTER  XXX 


A  Farmer  of  1842  Writes 
His  Great-Grandson  from 
the  Land  of  Somewhere 

DEAR  GREAT  Grandson:  For 
some  time  I  have  been  keeping 
an  eye  on  you  and  watching 
your  progress  in  farming  and 
agricultural  affairs  from  my  vantage 
point  up  here.  There  are  some  things 
that  you  do  pretty  well  considering  the 
amount  of  experience  you’ve  had,  and 
some  that  I’m  not  so  well  pleased  with. 

Of  course,  you  can  do  things  that  I 
couldn’t  a  hundred  years  ago  for  you 
do  have  some  fancy  machinery.  Re¬ 
member,  though,  the  machinery  itself 
isn’t  important,  the  important  thing  is 
how  you  use  or  misuse  the  land  with 
that  machinery.  I  thought  that  land 
was  mine  and  you  think  some  of  it  is 
yours,  but  some  time  you’ll  see  that  we 
were  just  guardians  farming  the  land 
in  trust  for  the  generations  to  come. 
If  we  feed  the  land  right  and  till  it 
right,  the  land  will  give  support,  safe¬ 
ty,  and  happiness  to  farm  families  for 
years  to  come.  And,  boy,  when  I  talk 
about  treating  the  land  right  there  are 
two  big  things  to  do:  Spread  lots  of 
cow  manure  on  the  fields  and  do  a  good 
job  of  plowing. 

Of  course,  a  hundred  years  ago  I  did 
my  plowing  with  horses,  for  oxen  were 
out-of-date  and  just  too  slow  to  waste 
time  on.  I  notice  you  are  doing  all  your 
plowing  with  those  new  engines;  you 
move  faster  and  cover  a  lot  of  groftnd 
in  a  day  but  you  aren’t  turning  as  good 
a  furrow  as  I  did.  It  makes  me  boiling 
mad  when  I  see  those  two  plows  hit  a 
stone  and  jump  out  of  the  ground.  I 
know  you  won’t  stop  to  pull  that  stone. 
It’s  just  plain  “cutting  and  covering” 
to  put  it  straight.  We  didn’t  do  it  that 
way.  Just  go  around  those  fields  and 
look  at  the  stone  fences  and  stone  piles. 
I  didn’t  haul  them  in  from  somebody- 
else’s  fields.  Oh  well,  I  remember  I  had 
to  give  your  grandfather  the  same  kind 
of  a  lecture  when  he  started  plowing 
with  the  bay  colts  in  the  spring  of  1842. 

I  guess  you  are  keeping  up  the  fer¬ 
tility  of  the  fields — I  see  some  good 
clover  every  year  and  that’s  about  as 
good  a  sign  as  anything.  I  can’t  un¬ 
derstand  your  crop  plans  however.  You 
don’t  raise  any  flax,  or  turnips,  or  peas 
to  thresh  and  you  buy  all  your  flour  in¬ 
stead  of  raising  wheat.  Your  com  is 
monstrous  big  but  it  never  gets  ripe 
and  you  don’t  half  cultivate  and  never 
put  a  hoe  in  it.  I  call  it  dirty  and 
grassy;  and  I  haven’t  seen  any  pump¬ 
kins  in  it  for  the  last  thirty  years. 

I  have  wanted  to  ask  you  too  what 
became  of  that  silk-worm  business  for 
New  York  State  that  the  American 
Agriculturist  printed  so  much  about  in 
1842.  I  never  did  put  much  stock  in  it 
— city  men  and  kid-glove  farmers  pro¬ 
moting  it  with  meetings  in  New  York 
and  Albany — it’s  the  men  that  plow 
that  have  to  do  the  job  if  it  gets  done. 

You’ve  got  pretty  fair  cows,  bigger 
than  mine  were,  but  why  do  you  work 
so  hard  with  them?  I  always  used  to 
worry  all  through  October  and  Novem¬ 
ber  for  fear  I  couldn’t  get  mine  dried 
up  so  we  could  have  a  rest  from  milk¬ 
ing  ’till  the  next  March,  or  April,  but 
you  seem  to  work  and  worry  a  lot  to 
keep  them  milking  all  winter.  Don’t 
you  have  anything  worth  while  to  do 


in  the  winter  like  singing  schools  or 
spelling  bees  ?  From  some  of  your  writ¬ 
ing  that  I’ve  seen,  I’d  think  a  spelling 
bee  now  and  then  wouldn’t  hurt  you 
any. 

Then  I  can’t  see  why  your  young 
folks  go  so  fast  and  so  far  with  their 
sparking.  Of  course,  I  married  my  wife 
in  Connecticut,  but  I  found  her  right 
in  the  school  district.  All  of  my  boys 
found  good  wives  right  within  good 
driving  distance  of  home,  but  some 
of  your  young  folks  are  sparking  girls 
way  over  in  the  next  county.  It  seems 
to  me  like  a  waste  of  time  to  spend  so 
many  hours  getting  there  and  getting 
home  and  have  so  little  time  to  hug 
your  girl.  They  won’t  make  progress 
wasting  time  like  that. 

You’ve  got  a  good  cow  bam — -better 
than  mine  was.  It’s  big  and  warm  and 
painted  a  nice  bright  red.  You’d  better 
watch  out  for  those  stone  floors  — 
they’re  cold  and  the  cows  will  get  the 
rheumatism  from  them.  I  kinda  like 
the  water  buckets.  We  used  to  go  down 
to  the  creek  and  shovel  snow  and  ice 
out  of  two  or  three  water  holes  every 
morning  so  the  cows  could  get  a  drink. 
Sometimes  along  in  February  when  the 
snow  got  deep  and  I  shoveled  way 
down  through  to  the  water,  a  cow 
would  almost  stand  on  her  head  to 
drink.  But  if  you  are  going  to  use  those 
nice  shiny  water  buckets,  why  don’t 
you  clean  the  hay  out  of  them  once  in 
a  while  and  let  the  cows  have  some 
clean  water. 

I  notice  your  cow  barn  roof  has  a 
hump  running  along  each  side  about 
where  the  purline  plate  ought  to  be  if 
you  ever  used  one.  I  presume  you  think 
the  barn  holds  more  hay  as  a  result. 


Well,  maybe  it  does. 

But  what  in  thunder  is  that  big 
round  tower  like  an  imitation  of  a 
Dutchman’s  castle  over  at  the  end  of 
the  barn;  and  why  do  you  always  store 
spoiled  com  stalks  in  it,  and  how  do 
you  persuade  the  cows  to  eat  the  stink¬ 
ing  stuff?  I  don’t  want  to  be  harsh, 
grandson,  but  yout  couldn’t  have  fed 
that  stuff  to  my  Durhams. 

I  wonder  if  you  aren’t  getting  a  little 
too  “sot”  in  your  ways?  You  farm  just 
the  same  year  after  year.  Now,  in  my 
day,  we  had  to  change  fast  to  meet 
new  conditions.  I  used  to  get  most  of 
my  money  out  of  pork  in  the  first 
years  and  then  we  got  to  keeping  a 
lot  of  sheep.  Next,  the  butter  market 
was  good  so  we  made  butter.  Your 
great-grandmother  was  the  best  butter- 
maker  in  our  township,  and  one  year  I 
sold  almost  four  tons  of  butter  in  firk¬ 
ins  at  the  end  of  the  pasture  season. 
Some  years  we  made  a  lot  of  cheese. 
We  didn’t  have  a  good  sale  for  grain 
until  the  canal  came  through  but  we 
had  raised  considerable  flax  and  of 
course  we  sold  lots  of  pearl-ash  when 
I  was  clearing  the  back  fields.  You  see, 
we  had  to  keep  abreast  of  the  times  in 
those  days  and  be  quick  to  adjust  the 
farming  to  any  new  chance  for  a  cash 
sale. 

You  mean  well,  grandson,  and  I’d 
like  to  praise  you  a  little  more,  but 
I  feel  it  my  duty  to  make  some  sugges¬ 
tions  too.  Now  your  expenses  are  al¬ 
together  too  high.  As  long  as  war 
prices  continue  and  your  produce  sells 
high,  you’re  all  right,  but  when  prices 
start  running  down  hill  fast,  you’ll  find 
that  the  things  you  sell  will  out-run 
your  expenses  going  down  and  you 
won’t  take  in  enough  to  pay  your  bills. 
You  just  have  to  guess  when  that  time 
is  going  to  come  and  cut  those  ex¬ 
penses.  A  little  corned-beef,  salt-pork, 
smoked  hams,  sauerkraut,  home-raised 
flour,  and  so  on,  will  come  mighty 
handy.  Maybe  you  won’t  be  able  to 
farm  quite  so  well  for  a  few  years. 
You’ll  have  to  trade  a  little  sharper 
with  those  city  folks. 

I  went  all  through  it  just  after  the 
British  finally  succeeded  in  licking  that 
Frenchman,  Napoleon.  It  was  pretty 
hard  digging  for  a  while.  We  had  to 
keep  the  old  buggy  running  for  about 


ON  New  Year’s  Day  it 
is  my  plan  to  make  my¬ 
self  a  diff’rent  man,  too  lon<: 

I’ve  lived  an  easy  life  and 
left  the  toiling  to  my  wife. 

I’ve  always  liked  to  think 
and  plan  and  leave  work  to 
the  hired  man,  the  thing  that 
I’ve  enjoyed  the  most  is, 
with  my  back  against  a  post, 
to  sit  and  watch  thruout  th.e 
day,  while  someone  else  gits 
in  the  hay.  Some  folks 
would  call  me  lazy  but  that 
argument  I  would  rebut,  no 
one  loves  work  the  way  I  do, 

I  hate  to  see  a  task  git  thru, 

I  like  to  keep  the  work 
around  and  be  right  where 
the  jobs  abound,  I’m  lone¬ 
some  when  a  task  is  done, 
and  so  I  find  it’s  lots  more 
fun,  instead  of  doin’  what  I 
can,  to  leave  it  for  the  hired 
man. 

But  now  I’ve  changed,  in 

’42  you’ll  be  surprised  at  _ _ v _ 

what  I’ll  do,  I’ll  git  up  early, 

in  a  stew,  and  start  whate’er  there  is  to  do,  I’ll  rush  around  from  dawn  to 
dark,  and  never  take  no  time  to  park  my  carcass  somewhere  ’neath  a 
tree;  no  sir,  all  thru  this  year  I’ll  be  too  busy  to  take  time  to  rest.  Each 
morning  I’ll  inflate  my  chest  and  jump  right  in  whene’er  I  can  till  neigh¬ 
bors  whisper,  “What  a  man  that  feller  is,  he  never  shirks,  two  men  can’t 
match  the  way  he  works.”  That’s  my  resolve  on  New  Year’s  Day,  I’m 
up  and  waitin’  for  the  fray,  ambition  overflows  my  soul,  just  watch  me 
steam  around  the  whole  of  this  next  year,  at  least  that’s  what  I  THINK 
I’ll  do,  as  like  as  not. 


ten  years,  I  didn’t  have  any  new 
clothes.  Your  great-grandmother  wore 
the  same  bonnet  for  five  years,  and  even 
at  that  we  wouldn’t  have  made  out  if 
we  had  been  much  in  debt.  Luckily,  I 
had  paid  off  the  worst  of  my  notes 
and  part  of  the  mortgage  when  prices 
were  high. 

You  go  ahead  and  farm  hard  and 
do  lots  of  business  for  the  next  few 
years  but  keep  an  eye  peeled  for 
trouble;  don’t  get  in  debt,  and  start 
taking  in  sail  as  soon  as  you  see 
trouble  coming.  Remember  the  old 
rhyme : 

“What  goes  up,  must  come  down 
On  your  head  or  on  the  ground.” 

Now  with  prices,  they  come  down  on 
your  head  and  hit  it  hard.  Watch  them 
carefully,  for  the  higher  they  go  the 
nearer  they  are  to  the  turning  point 
and  starting  down  again.  Some  time 
after  the  war  is  over,  begin  to  watch 
extra  close  and  don’t  get  caught  over¬ 
extended  in  your  debts  or  your  ex¬ 
penses. 

Oh,  yes,  I  wanted  to  speak  to  you 
about  your  hens.  I  guess  that  little, 
neat,  warm  hen-barn  is  all  right.  I 
never  did  quite  like  to  have  them 
roosting  on  the  cutter  and  the  lumber 
wagon.  But  why  do  you  keep  hens  that 
all  look  alike  ?  They  look  monotonous. 
You  ought  to  have  a  little  variety  in 
hens.  Now,  if  you  would  get  a  setting 
of  eggs  from  several  different  neigh¬ 
bors,  it  would  be  easier  to  keep  them 
in  mind  and  know  one  from  another. 
You  haven’t  had  a  frozen-toed  rooster 
in  twenty  years>  I  approve  of  that;  it’s 
a  great  comfort  to  you,  and  probably 
some  to  the  rooster.  I  remember  one 
that  I  had  with  all  the  toes  frozen  off 
one  foot.  He  made  an  awful  funny 
noise  walking  over  boards  and  when  he 
came  stomping  up  on  the  back  stoop,  I 
always  thought  that  Jake,  the  neighbor 
with  the  peg-leg,  was  coming.  Finally, 

I  had  to  kill  him  and  eat  him  in  self¬ 
protection  —  I  mean  the  rooster,  not 
Jake. 

Sometimes  I  think  you  take  farm¬ 
ing  too  seriously.  You  don’t  have  as 
much  fun  as  I  did,  and  you  chase  too 
hard  after  it.  Your  great-grandmother 
and  I  used  to  walk  or  drive  over  to 
one  of  the  neighbors  in  the  evening 
and  sit  on  the  back  stoop  for  a  visit 
or  in  the  winter  sit  around  the  chunk 
stove  eating  apples  or  popcorn,  or 
gather  around  the  organ  to  sing.  There 
was  something  satisfying  and  quieting 
and  peaceful  about  it.  Then,  too,  our 
dances  had  action  in  them — a  couple 
didn’t  just  drift  back  and  forth  in  a 
trance,  getting  nowhere  and  doing  no¬ 
thing.  When  you  did  the  money-musk 
or  crooked-S  for  our  fiddler,  you  real¬ 
ly  got  up  a  sweat. 

Well,  that’s  about  all,  great-grand¬ 
son,  except  just  one  thing  more.  About 
a  hundred  years  from  now,  you  may 
be  wanting  to  write  to  your  great- 
grandson,  and  you’ll  want  to  do  things 
in  such  a  way  now  that  your  great- 
grandson  may  have  a  chance  to  be  on 
the  farm.  Don’t  you  ever  forget  that 
you  are  the  guardian,  the  trustee,  the 
conservator,  of  that  farm  with  a  re¬ 
sponsibility  for  handing  it  on  in  good 
condition.  And  that  farm  isn’t  all  in¬ 
side  your  boundary  fences;  there  are 
important  parts  of  it  in  a  lot  of  other 
places.  It  furnished  two  good  logs  for 
the  sills  of  the  church  down  town. 
Money  from  that  farm  helped  to  build 
the  school  house  and  time  that  could 
have  been  used  in  haying  helped  to  or¬ 
ganize  three  or  four  cooperative  asso¬ 
ciations.  Because  those  things  are 
there,  the  farm  is  worth  a  little  more, 
and  that  investment  wants  to  be 
watched  and  cherished  too.  A  good 
farm  is  a  piece  of  a  neighborhood,  a 
piece  of  town,  county,  State  and  Na¬ 
tion,  and  a  pretty  important  piece  too. 
So,  take  care  of  it,  boy,  and  when 
you’re  plowing  one  of  those  fields,  or 
plowing  on  some  bigger  job,  don’t  “cut 
and  cover,”  do  a  good  farmerlike  job. 

— Your  great- granddad. 

( To  be  continued) 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


(6)  6 


DE  LAVAL  MILKERS 


GREATEST  PRODUCTION 

INCREASE 

U.S. DAIRY  FARMERS 


Claude  R.  Wickard,  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  lias  said:  “Of  all 
the  farm  commodities  of  which  increases  are  needed  the  most 
urgent  need  is  for  more  milk.  .  .  .  To  reach  the  production  goals 
for  1942  the  greatest  effort  will  be  rerpiired  of  dairying.” 


That  goal  is  125  billion  pounds  of  milk.  This  compares  with 
117  billion  pounds  estimated  output  in  1941  ....  and  107  billion 
pounds  average  for  1936-40.  To  obtain  the  desired  increase  in 
1942  production  will  require  an  increase  of  4%  in  milk  production 
per  cow  above  the  record  high  level  of  1941. 


This  enormous  increase  must  he 
made  ....  and  in  the  face  of  the 
acute  nation-wide  shortage  of  farm 
labor. 

De  Laval  Milkers  are  absolutely 
essential  to  U.  S.  dairy  farmers  in 
the  huge  production  job  confront¬ 
ing  them,  for  ....  De  Laval  Milkers 
save  at  least  half  the  time  and  labor 
of  milking  .  .  .  .  provide  better  milk¬ 
ing  for  higher  production  ....  en¬ 
able  more  cows  to  be  kept  without 
extra  help  ....  produce  cleanest 
quality  milk,  eliminating  rejections 
.  .  .  .  and  get  the  advantages  only  a 
De  Laval  Milker  can  offer  you. 


HAND-SKIMMING 


WATER  SEPARATORS 


witka 

NEW  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR 


Everywhere  butterfat  producers,  spurred  by  the  spirit  of  the 
times  into  the  need  for  eliminating  waste,  are  replacing  ineffi¬ 
cient  separating  methods  with  new  De  Laval  Separators.  Income 
lost  through  inefficient  separation  is  being  changed  into  extra 
profit  with  new  De  Laval  Separators. 

They  are  the  world’s  standard  for  performance  and  quality  .  .  .  . 
and  the  De  Laval  line  includes  a  complete  range  of  sizes,  styles  and 
prices  to  meet  the  need  of  every  butterfat  producer,  large  or  small. 

Write  today  to  the  nearest  De  Laval  office  below  for  complete 
information  on  De  Laval  Separators  and  Milkers. 

THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  COMPANY 


NEW  YORK  CHICAGO  SAN  FRANCISCO 

165  Broadway,  427  Randolph  St.  61  Beale  St. 


Farming  Has  Changed, 
But  Farmers  Haven’t 

-  —  .  ■  ■  ■  Bu  Ronteyn  BeASiy  --  — 


WE  BOUGHT  our  farm  from  Mr. 

Harrison  in  1936.  Mr.  Harri¬ 
son’s  grandfather  moved  onto  what  is 
now  our  farm  just  about  the  time  Am¬ 
erican  Agriculturist  was  getting  start¬ 
ed.  From  that  point  on,  we  know 
just  about  what  has  been  going  on  up 
our  road  through  the  past  hundred 
years.  We  know  from  what  Mr.  Har¬ 
rison  told  us  and  from  the  evidence 
we’ve  picked  up  ourselves. 

Besides  that,  we  started  being  taken 
to  the  country  in  the  summer  time 
back  in  1888.  Consequently  our  recol¬ 
lections  of  farm  life  through  half  a 
century  are  vivid,  we  know;  accurate, 
we  believe.  We  don’t  go  back,  of 
course,  to  the  pre-machinery  days  of 
farming,  but  we’ve  listened  to  plenty 
of  old  men  who  did.  We’ve  heard 
them  describe  mowing  a  ten-acre 
meadow  with  scythes  and  threshing 
grain  on  the  barn  floor  with  flails.  And 
we  recall,  as  a  little  boy,  that  on 
Uncle  Ben’s  farm  when  it  came  time 
to  harvest  the  rye  they  always  cradled 
the  first  two  or  three  bouts  around  the 
edges  by  hand  before  they  put  in  the 
reaper  to  do  the  balance  of  it. 

All  of  which  is  just  to  give  us  some 
ground  to  stand  on  when  we  make  the 
dogmatic  statement  that,  \Vhile  farm¬ 
ing  has  changed  a  lot  since  1842,  farm¬ 
ers  themselves  haven’t  changed  the 
least  bit. 

Back  there  when  John  Tyler  was 
President  of  the  United  States,  it  would 
have  been  a  team  of  colts  which 
wouldn’t  stand  still  that  the  farmer 
was  cussing,  and  now  it’s  a  tractor  that 
won’t  do  anything  else;  but  the  re¬ 
marks  would  have  been  substantially 
the  same  in  both  cases. 

In  1842,  Mr.  Harrison’s  grandfather 
was  trying  to  drain  the  wet  spot  in 
our  North  Lot  and  was  believing  at 
times  that  he  had  succeeded.  And  here 
we  are  a  century  later,  still  trying  to 
drain  the  same  wet  spot  with  the  same 
grim  stubbornness  and  the  same  result. 
Working  a  hundred  years  apart,  we’ve 
both  been  able  to  dry  that  wet  spot 
up  and  to  keep  it  dry— -until  the  first 
big  rain.  Nor  have  we  the  slightest 
doubt  that  in  2042,  somebody  else  will 
still  be  fussing  with  that  wet  spot  and 
addressing  the  same  terms  to  it  that 
Mr.  Harrison’s  grandfather  employed 
in  the  consulship  of  John  Tyler,  and 
which  Elmer  used  only  last  week. 
Farmers  have  always  been  the  most 
even  tempered  of  men — mad  all  the 
time. 

Farm  animals 
haven’t  changed 
either,  at  least  not 
in  their  general 
characteristics,  and 
perhaps  that’s  one 
reason  why  farm¬ 
ers  stay  put.  Gas 
engines,  electric 
lights  in  the  barn, 
central  schools, 
hard  roads,  hot 
and  cold  running 
water,  automobiles, 
telephones,  modern 
plumbing  —  and 
what  of  it?  Farm¬ 
ers  spend  more 
time  with  the 
stock  than  they  do 
with  the  family, 
and  cows  still  take 
a  kick  at  a  milk 
pail  when  you 
aren’t  looking,  or 
hit  you  across  the 
nose  with  a  soggy 
tail. 

Hens  lay  twice 


as  many  eggs  now  as  they  used  to, 
but  they  seem  to  be  just  as  silly  and 
annoying,  and  just  as  likely  to  go  into 
a  neck  moult  if  anybody  sneezes.  Sheep 
are  bigger  and  better,  and  their  wool 
is  longer  and  finer,  but  after  a  hundred 
years  of  progress,  sheep  continue  to 
register  zero  on  all  intelligence  tests 
anybody  can  think  up. 

Another  reason  farmers  haven’t 
changed  is  because  the  weather  hasn’t 
changed,  and  the  weather  continues  to 
be  the  biggest  single  factor  in  farm¬ 
ing,  just  as  it  was  in  1842.  It’s  just 
the  same  weather  it  was  when  John 
Tyler  was  President — still  bad.  And 
I  haven’t  the  slightest  doubt  that  a 
good  many  farmers  cussed  Tyler  and 
wanted  Congress  to  do  something  about 
it  when  the  spring  freshets  took  out  all 
the  bridges  in  March  1842,  and  that 
they  did  it  again  in  August  of  the  same 
year  when  the  wells  gave  out  and  they 
had  to  haul  water  for  the  stock.  Mod¬ 
ern  conveniences  and  labor-saving  de¬ 
vices,  indeed!  What  good  is  an  ejec- 
tric  pump  when  it  sucks  air  and  you 
have  to  go  back  to  hauling  water  in 
the  lumber  wagon? 

Taxes  were  high  and  the  prices  of 
farm  commodities  were  low  back  there 
in  1842,  too.  After  church,  farmers 
talked  more  about  that  than  they  did 
about  the  sermon.  The  depression  that 
followed  the  panic  of  1837  was  on  its 
way  out,  but  there  was  nothing  to  in¬ 
dicate  that  at  the  time,  and  the  Mexi¬ 
can  War  and  the  discovery  of  gold  in 
California  were  still  around  the  corner. 
Labor  troubles  were  on  people’s  minds 
and  tongues,  but  it  was  slave  labor 
that  farmers  talked  about  then,  and 
they  spoke  their  minds  just  as  plainly 
as  they  do  now. 

But  if  farming  is  such  an  aggravat¬ 
ing  business,  why  do  so  many  people 
stay  in  it?  I  suspect  the  answer  to 
that  question  is  another  thing  that 
hasn’t  changed  any  in  a  hundred  years. 
They  stay  in  it  because  they  like  it. 
They  know  they  aren’t  going  to  get 
rich — in  the  sense  that  riches  are  reck¬ 
oned  in  banks  or  on  stock  exchanges — 
but  they  know  that  they  aren’t  likely 
to  suffer  want  either.  They  know  the 
land  they  set  their  feet  upon  is  their 
land,  and  if  they  take  good  care  of  a 
good  farm  now,  the  farm  will  take 
good  care  of  them.  You  can’t  say 
that  of  a  lathe  in  a  machine  shop. 
When  you  get  too  old  to  operate  a 
lathe,  the  lathe  will  spit  you  out  and 

then  start  chewing 
up  a  younger  and 
faster  man. 

I  suspect  that 
most  men  smart 
enough  to  make 
money  in  farming 
would  have  been 
smart  enough  to 
make  more  money 
in  some  other  busi¬ 
ness.  But  the  farm¬ 
er  is  one  of  the 
few  men  whose  ex¬ 
perience  teaches 
him  the  distinction 
between  wealth 
and  money.  Lots 
of  bankers  never 
learn  that. 

Whatever  the 
pass  book  shows, 
the  farmer  seldom 
has  to  be  afraid  of 
being  cold  or  hun¬ 
gry  or  of  losing  his 
job.  He’s  got  his 
cellar  full,  his  barn 
full,  and  his  wood- 
( Turn  to  Page  26; 


HAPPY  YEW  YEAH 


rricm 


1  t  \  r> 

-x  rl 


% '  ' 


msut  iS'i&izifsii'xx 


y;  ■■  ,-Y  • 


YjL^. 


kssP8^  .rtfWi^v^ 

“You’ll  Be  Proud  to  Say,  ‘I  Own  a  FARMALL’!” 


impst 


f  g|  g 


mm  \ 


&  *?  ? 


i  '-••  Mannar 

The  powerful,  fast-stepping  Farmall-M  makes  Here  is  efficient  power  for  small  farms  —  the 
quick  work  of  plowing.  Shown  above  with  3-  Culti-Vision  Farmall-A,  Shown  cultivating  small 
furrow  McCormick-Deering  Little  Genius  Plow.  corn.  Note  the  clear  view  of  the  work. 


^(^hen  the  first  issue  of  American  Agriculturist  came  from  the 
press  one  hundred  years  ago,  this  country  already  enjoyed  a  great 
and  fundamental  strength.  That  strength  was  a  heritage  of  fertile 
earth,  peopled  by  a  race  of  men  and  women  grown  virile  by  long, 
close  contact  with  the  soil. 


Those  pioneers  were  patriotic  farm  folks,  proud  to  lend  their 
skill  and  their  seasoned  muscles  to  the  full  production  of  the 
nation’s  mounting  agricultural  wealth. 

Great  were  the  handicaps  under  which  they  labored.  Only  a 
few  then  knew  that  an  epoch-making  invention  had  already  opened 
a  new  century  of  farming  progress.  Most  of  them  had  not  heard 
that  Cyrus  Hall  McCormick  had  given  the  world  its  first  successful 
reaper  1 1  years  before.  Yet  all  were  destined  to  be  benefited  because 
Cyrus  Hall  McCormick’s  ingenuity  was  teamed  with  the  fertility 
of  the  farms  in  the  battle  against  hunger  and  famine. 

Northeastern  agriculture  has  gone  far  since  that  early  day,  and 
each  step  has  been  a  step  of  progress  made  with  the  help  of  farm 
equipment.  Men  released  from  the  soil  by  labor-saving  machines 
have  added  their  strength  to  the  development  of  science,  industry, 
and  commerce  as  young  America  has  forged  onward  and  upward 
toward  her  destiny. 

International  Harvester  and  its  antecedents— fathered  by  Cyrus 
Hall  McCormick’s  genius— have  worked  shoulder  to  shoulder  with 
American  agriculture  through  all  the  years  of  its  progress.  Today, 
we  see  an  America  of  greater  agricultural  strength  than  ever  before, 
whose  fields  are  tilled,  planted,  and  harvested  by  mechanized 
methods.  An  America  equipped  and  ready  to  feed  her  millions— 
now  and  always. 

The  International  Harvester  organization  is  happy  to  have 
played  an  important  part  in  all  these  years  of  American  progress. 
We  pledge  the  full  strength  of  our  engineering  and  financial  re¬ 
sources  to  the  continued  development  of  agriculture,  the  bulwark 
of  the  American  nation.  x 

INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  COMPANY 

180  North  Michigan  Avenue  Chicago,  Illinois 


AGRICULTURE  Joins  Hands  with  INDUSTRY  to  Achieve  VICTORY 


INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  Products 


(8)  8 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


FROM  the  time  of  the  earliest  cultivation  of  the 
soil  to  within  our  own  lifetime,  “the  sower  went 
forth  to  sow”  like  the  farmer  in  this  picture.  So 
skilful  were  our  fathers  in  this  art  that  most  of 
them  did  almost  as  good  a  job  as  a  modern  drill.  In 
fact,  much  can  be  said  for  the  skilful  hand  work  that 
preceded  modern  farm  machinery.  We  have  lost  some¬ 
thing,  I  think,  of  the  pride  which  our  fathers  took  in 
their  skilled  hand  work.  I  can  remember  the  admira¬ 
tion  which  I  had  as  a  boy  in  watching  one  of  our 
neighbors  cradle  oats  up  across  the  steep  hillside.  Every  swing  cut  a  swath 
of  unvarying  width,  cut  it  smoothly  and  evenly,  laid  it  back  with  the  heads 
as  straight  as  a  string.  There  are  probably  few  men  left  in  the  country  who 
can  really  cradle,  and  harder  still  would  be  the  task  of  finding  them  a  real 
cradle,  light,  with  the  fingers  adjusted  so  that  the  “hang  of  the  cradle”  was 
just  naturally  fitted  to  the  cradler’s  hand  and  arm. 


WHEN  I  was  a  farm  boy,  seven  to  ten  acres  of  potatoes  was  a  big  crop. 

The  seed  had  to  be  dropped  by  hand,  covered  with  a  hoe,  cultivated 
with  a  one-horse  cultivator,  hoed  by  hand,  and  dug  by  hand.  Now 
with  equipment  like  that  illustrated  in  this  picture,  fifty  or  more 
acres  can  be  handled  with  less  labor  and  more  easily. 


♦ 

tya/un  Macltmesui 

UP  FROM 


|  /  N  THE  FORTY  years  from 
1860  to  1900,  the  farm  area  of 
America  was  more  than  doubled. 
Farm  machinery,  more  than  any  other 
one  factor,  made  possible  this  tremen¬ 
dous  and  rapid  expansion.  The  great 
farm  lands  of  the  West  stretched  ever 
onward  to  distant  horizons.  With  sods 
of  centuries  several  feet  deep,  they  could 
not  be  worked  with  hand  tools.  So 
again  necessity  became  the  mother  of 
invention,  and  inventions  in  farm  equip¬ 
ment  followed  one  another  with  great 
rapidity.  Not  only  was  the  acreage  of 


America  doubled  in  this  brief  space 
of  time,  but  the  new  land  added  had 
a  productive  power  never  equalled 
by  any  other  similar  tract  in  the 
world.  Hats  off  to  the  great  inven¬ 
tors  and  engineers  like  John  Deere, 
Cyrus  McCormick,  and  a  long  list 
of  others  who  invented  and  perfect¬ 
ed  farm  machines  to  their  marvel¬ 
ous  modern  efficiency!  Hats  off  to 
the  manufacturers  who  had  the 
courage  to  invest  their  capital  and 
brains  in  putting  the  new  inventions 
so  soon  into  mass  production! 


This  is  an  old  brush  har¬ 
row,  with  a  log  or  heavy 
beam  in  front  to  hold  down  the  brush.  I’ll  bet  few  of  you  who 
read  this  ever  saw  one.  Yet  it  was  a  commonly  used  drag  when 
the  country  was  young.  Compare  it  with  the  modern  spring 
tooth  cut  away  harrows  hauled  with  a  powered  modern  tractor. 


Here  is  an  old-time  grain 
drill  pictured  in  one  of  the  1850 
issues  of  American  Agricultur¬ 
ist.  The  owner  of  that  drill 
thought  it  was  a  humdinger. 
Wonder  what  he’d  think  about 
it  now?  What  will  planting  ma¬ 
chinery  look  like  a  hundred 
years  from  now?  We  can  only 
be  sure  of  one  thing — it  will  be 
different  and  better. 


W 


'HEN  great-grandpa  was 
farming  in  1842  he  didn’t 
have  to  worry  about 
many  bugs  and  insects 
on  his  crops  or  fruit  trees.  Even 
the  potato  bug  (Colorado  beetle) 
is  of  comparatively  recent  origin. 

As  the  country  grows  up  in  agri¬ 
culture,  insects,  bugs,  and  weeds 
accumulate.  But  fortunately,  scien¬ 
tists  and  equipment  manufacturers 
help  the  farmer  and  fruit  grower 
to  lick  bugs  and  diseases.  In  1842 
it  took  most  of  our  population  just 
to  raise  the  food.  Modern  farm  machinery  has  now  released  a  majority 
of  the  population  for  other  field^  of  human  endeavor,  and  thus  made 
possible  a  great  industrial  nation. 


THIS  modem  two-row,  tractor-drawn  cultivator  contrast¬ 
ed  with  the  old  one-horse  cultivator  pictured  below  em¬ 
phasizes  the  progress  made  possible  in  the  care  of  field 
crops  by  farm  machinery. 

The  one-horse  cultivator  is  a  very  old  tool,  dating  back  to 
long  before  the  birth  of  American  Agriculturist  in  1842.  The 
one  shown  here  was  illustrated  in  an  American  Agriculturist 
issue  of  1846.  In  describing  it,  the  Editor  said: 

“We  can  enumerate  at  least  twenty  different  kinds  of  cul¬ 
tivators.” 

The  old-fashioned  idea  was  to  make  them  heavy  and  to  cut 
deep,  even  loading  them  with  stones  sometimes.  We  know  now 
that  that  was  bad  cultivating  practice,  because  it  destroyed 
many  roots.  A  corn  or  potato  crop  was  never  considered  suffi¬ 
ciently  cared  for  even  down  to  recent  times  until  it  had  been 
hoed  by  hand.  Thank  goodness,  modem  tillage  tools  have  done 
away  with  the  drudgery  of  back-breaking  hand  hoeing,  which 

more  than  anything  else  drove 
farm  boys  off  the  farms.  How 
fortunate  it  is  at  this  time 
when  America  itself  is  depend¬ 
ent  upon  food  production  for 
ourselves  and  for  our  Allies 
that  we  have  good  equipment 
with  which  to  produce  that 
food. 


9  (9) 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


In  the  ohl  days  when  American  Agriculturist  was  young, 
haying  began  in  June  and  ended  in  September,  and  the 
work  lasted  from  sun  to  sun.  See  also  the  picture  of  the 
cradlers  on  page  10.  You  HAD  to  keep  up  or  the  man 
behind  would  embarrass  you  by  cutting  out  your  swath. 


Then,  in  recent  years,  came  the  combine,  where  the  grain 
is  cut,  threshed  and  sacked  in  one  operation.  Truly  may 
we  exclaim  and  wonder  what  next!  And  yet  I  am  bold 
enough  to  prophesy  that  we  have  only  scratched  the  sur¬ 
face,  that  American  Agriculturist  in  the  next  one  hundred 
years  will  record  just  as  great  progress  in  farm  equipment 
as  it  has  in  the  past  century. 


By  E.  R.  EASTMAN 


When  American  Agriculturist  was 
born  in  1842,  it  was  still  the  era  of 
hand  tools  in  farming.  Men  sowed 
their  grain  by  hand,  cut  it  with 
cradles,  and  their  hay  with  scythes, 
and  threshed  their  grain  with  flails 
upon  the  barn  floor.  The  other  day 
I  showed  a  flail  to  some  of  my 
young  farmer  friends  and  they 
didn’t  know  what  it  was,  thereby 
emphasizing  the  changes  that  have 
come  in  a  brief  hundred  years.  In 
my  own  experience  as  a  farm  boy, 
I  dropped  plenty  of  potatoes  by 
hand,  covering  them  with  a  hoe,  and 
I  dropped  tarred  corrf  out  of  a  bag, 
to  the  old  jingle  of 

One  for  the  blackbird 
One  for  the  crow 
One  for  the  cutworm 
And  three  left  to  grow 
When  American  Agriculturist  was 
young,  it  took  most  of  the  man 
power  of  America  just  to  farm,  but 
today,  chiefly  as  a  result  of  farm 
machinery,  plus  agricultural  educa¬ 
tion  and  science,  only  a  small  mi¬ 
nority  of  the  population  feed  and 


clothe  all  the  rest. 

Yes,  we  have  come  a  long  dis¬ 
tance  with  farm  equipment  even 
within  the  lifetime  of  living  men.  In 
fact,  we  may  well  designate  the  past 
sixty  to  a  hundred  years  as  the  era 
of  the  development  of  farm  machin¬ 
ery.  The  machines,  from  the  cradle 
to  the  combine,  from  the  ox-team  to 
the  tractor  and  truck,  all  have  been 
recorded  and  pictured  across  the 
years  in  the  columns  of  American 
Agriculturist.  On  these  pages  in  our 
First  Century  Issue  we  have  select¬ 
ed  from  old  issues  of  American 
Agriculturist  and  from  hundreds  of 
pictures  of  the  most  up-to-date 
farm  equipment,  examples  which 
show  the  tremendous  progress  made 
during  the  lifetime  of  American 
Agriculturist.  If  you  want  to  in¬ 
crease  your  respect  for  your  own 
business  of  farming,  and  for  Ameri¬ 
ca  itself,  pause  for  a  moment  to 
study  these  pictures  which  record 
and  typify  one  of  the  most  remark¬ 
able  eras  in  the  history  of  mankind’s 
climb  toward  the  stars. 


THE  PROGRESS  of  agricul¬ 
ture,  as  well  as  the  prog¬ 
ress  of  all  other  industry, 
depends  upon  power.  Ma¬ 
chinery  is  no  good  unless  there  is 
efficient  power  to  run  it,  and  the 
remarkable  development  of  farm 
equipment  in  the  United  States 
that  has  been  recorded  by  the  is¬ 
sues  of  'American  Agriculturist 
across  recent  years  has  been  due 
almost  entirely  to  the  discovery 
and  application  of  new  power. 

When  American  Agriculturist 
was  young,  the  slow,  ponderous 
ox  was  about  the  farmer’s  only 
power.  The  ox  was  gradually 
superseded  by  horses,  and  horses 
have  made  a  great  contribution  to 
American  agriculture.  Let  no  one 
fail  to  pay  respect  to  the  horse. 
It  had  a  great  place  in  American 
farming,  and  it  still  has  a  place, 
although  a  lesser  one. 

The  days  of  all  horse  power  were 
numbered  however,  with  the  de¬ 
velopment  of  the  gasoline  engine, 


Within  the  lifetime  of  American  Agricultur¬ 
ist  we  have  seen  the  progress  from  the  scythe 
to  the  mowing  machine,  from  the  hand  rake 
to  the  wooden  walking  dump  rake,  then  to  the 
side  delivery  rake  and  hay  loader,  and  now 
comes  the  field  baler,  one  kind  of  which  is 
shown  at  right.  These  balers  are  rapidly  com¬ 
ing  into  use  in  the  hay  sections  across  the- 
United  States.  Often,  the  haying  season  is  still 
long,  because  on  many  farms  more  than  one 
cutting  of  alfalfa  has  to  be  made.  But  much 
of  the  hard  hand  work  is  gone  now. 


THE  EVOLUTION  of  the  harvesting 
of  grain,  practically  all  of  which  has 
been  in  the  lifetime  of  American 
Agriculturist,  is  one  of  the  most  in¬ 
teresting  events  in  history.  First  came  the  cradlers — and  what  a  nice  job  the  old- 
time  cradler  could  do  (See  Jared  Van  Wagenen’s  story  on  page  10) — the  next 
trick  was  to  get  a  machine  that  not  only  would  cut  the  grain  but  would  make  the 
heads  fall  all  in  the  same  direction.  This  was  accomplished  by  the  first  hand  rake 
off  reapers,  where  the  man  rode  on  the  table  back  of  the  cutter  bars  and  either 
with  a  rake  or  fork  pitched  off  the  bundles.  In  all  of  the  remarkable  inventions  in 

America’s  great  industrial  beginnings,  there  have  been 
none  greater  than  the  invention  of  the  binder,  with  its 
almost  human  ability  to  tie  a  knot.  It  was  still  necessary, 
however,  to  draw  the  grain  into  the  barn  and  go  through 
the  dusty,  dirty  job  of  threshing,  with  the  added  job  for 
the  women  of  feeding  the  threshers. 


POWER  -  Secnet 


al  Mechanical 


P*voa/ie4A 


TO  A  MAN  who  loves 
fine  animals,  there  was 
no  farm  job  more  en¬ 
joyable  than  to  turn  the 
sod  of  a  new  springtime 
with  a  well  matched  team 
and  a  plow  that  worked 
just  right.  But  new  power 
is  taking  the  place  of  the 
horses  as  the  horses  super¬ 
seded  the  ox. 

In  the  years  that  lie 
ahead,  will  work  horses  on 
farms  be  as  scarce  as  oxen 
now  are? 


the  automobile,  and  the  truck,  all 
of  which  have  come  within  the  life¬ 
time  of  even  middle-aged  men. 
What  a  transformation  in  a  world 
of  mechanics,  gasoline-powered  en¬ 
gines,  including  the  stationary 
ones,  have  made! 

But  now  we  are  edging  into  an¬ 
other  period.  I  predict  that  the 
next  great  advance  in  all  me¬ 
chanics  will  be  based  on  the  power 
of  electricity.  My  only  doubt  about 
this  prediction  is  that  possibly 
some  entirely  new  unknown  pow¬ 
er,  like  the  release  of  the  energy 
of  the  atom,  may  be  discovered.  If 
this  should  happen,  we  can  look 
for  an  entirely  new  mechanical 
world,  different  from  anything 
ever  known  in  the  history  of  man. 
Pages  of  American  Agriculturist 
will  record  even  greater  changes 
in  power  in  the  next  50  years  than 
they  have  in  the  past.  What  an  in¬ 
teresting  experience  for  the  young 
to  live  and  see  those  new  develop¬ 
ments  ! 


SO  MUCH  is  said  in  praise  of  tractors  and  trucks  that  we 
often  lose  sight  of  the  equal  amount  of  progress  that  has 
been  made  with  gasoline  and  electric  power  in  reducing 
the  drudgery  of  house  and  barn  work.  On  thousands  of 
farms  motors  pump  the  water,  milk  the  cow,  run  the  washing 
machine,  and  the  separator,  and  do  a  hundred  and  one  other 
jobs  that  once  had  to  be  done  slowly  and  laboriously  by  hand. 
In  passing,  mention  most  certainly  should  be  made,  particu¬ 
larly  in  a  great  dairy  and  poultry  country  like  ours,  of 
the  progress  made  in  better  buildings  and  equipment.  One 
does  not  have  to  go  back  very  far  in  time  to  the  dirty, 
dark,  and  cold  dairy  barns  and  stables. 
Now  most  dairy  cows  live  in  better 
quarters  than  some  of  the  tenement 
dwellers  of  the  cities.  The  stables  are 
warm,  well  ventilated,  whitewashed, 
equipped  with  water  buckets  and  labor 
saving  carriers  for  feed  and  manure. 
%  And  in  many  dairy  barns  instead  of  the 
dangerous  and  inefficient  lantern  there 
is  electric  light.  Grandpa  would  certain¬ 
ly  be  surprised  if  he  were  to  come  back 
and  help  with  the  chores  today. 


(10)  io 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


OAK  HUNDRED 


. . .  y&cM 


fey  flawed  QJan  'Wa/jestest,  fo. 


w 


'HEN  an  agricultural  journal 
has  had  the  happy  fortune 
to  round  out  a  full  century 
of  continuous  publication  it 
is  a  proper  subject  of  inquiry  to  ask 
what  changes  the  passing  years  have 
wrought.  It  is  an  interesting  coincidence 
that  this  one  hundred  years  of  the 
American  Agriculturist  almost  exactly 
spans  the  gulf  between  what  we  may 
call  the  old  time,  pioneer  type  of  farm¬ 
ing  and  these  last  years  of  gasoline  and 
electric  agriculture. 

For  be  it  remembered  how  in  that 
year  1842  when  A.  B.  and  R.  L.  Allen 
were  getting  out  the  first  issue  of  the 
newly-born  paper,  farming  was  still  be¬ 
ing  carried  on  with  the  implements  and 
according  to  the  ideas  and  methods 
that  with  few  changes  had  prevailed 
longer  than  anybody  could  remember. 

Nonetheless  it  is  time  that  just  about 
at  this  precise  date  the  dawn  of  a  new 
day  was  breaking.  Twenty  years  earli¬ 


er  a  farmer-mechanic  who  had  migrat¬ 


ed  from  New  Hampshire  to  Saratoga 
County,  N.  Y.,  built  him  a  threshing  ma¬ 
chine  which  embodied  the  fundamen¬ 
tal  principle  of  a  concave  and  a  swift¬ 
ly  revolving  cylinder  armed  with  iron 
teeth — and  this  was  destined  to  be  the 


progenitor  of  all  the  threshing  ma¬ 
chines  from  that  day  to  this.  It  was 
in  1826  that  Moses  Pennoch  of  Penn¬ 
sylvania  patented  a  wooden  “flop-over” 
horse  rake  and  this  rude,  tumbling  de¬ 
vice  as  a  labor  saver  rivaled  the  mow¬ 
ing  machine. 

Eleven  years  before  the  American 
Agriculturist  was  founded — to  be  exact, 
one  hot,  July  afternoon  in  the  Valley 
of  the  Shenandoah  in  Virginia  in  the 
year  1831  —  a  twenty-two  year  old 
blacksmith-inventor,  one  Cyrus  Mc¬ 
Cormick,  came  into  a  wheat  field  with 
a  contraption  such  as  had  never  been 
seen  before.  A  boy  rode  and  drove  the 
single  horse  which  furnished  the  mo¬ 
tive  power,  while  a  negro  slave,  Jo  An¬ 
derson,  walked  beside  the  machine  and 
with  a  hand  rake  drew  the  gavels  of 
grain  off  of  the  table  and  left  each 
gavel  with  the  straw  smooth  and 
parallel,  ready  for  the  binders.  Had 
there  been  among  the  curious  group 
of  on-lookers  a  prophet  and  a  seer, 
he  would  have  known  that  he  was 
witnessing  the  beginning  of  a 
new  Agricultural  Epoch.  Also  with¬ 
in  a  year  of  that  date,  one  Obed  Hus¬ 
sey  of  New  Jersey  made  the  first  mow¬ 
ing  machine  that  would  really  cut  grass 


“In  the  early  days  of 
AMERICAN  AGRI¬ 
CULT  UR  1ST,  all  grain 
was  cradled  and  bound  by 
hand.” 


and  its  cutter  bar  was  wonderfully  like 
that  of  the  modern  machine. 

While  these  crude  machines  were  in 
existence  at  the  date  when  the  first 
issue  of  the  American  Agriculturist 
came  off  the  clanking  flat-bed  press, 
they  were  available  only  at  scattered 
and  frequently  distant  points  and  they 
were  to  be  found  only  upon  a  few,  very 


Considered  a  great 
invention,  this  old 
revolving  hay  rake 
is  reproduced  from 
the  1846  volume  of 
American  Agricul¬ 
turist. 


exceptional  farms  and  the  rank  and 
file  of  farmers  had  hardly  heard  of 
their  existence.  In  that  year  1842  the 
typical  farmer  turned  over  his  fields 
with  a  walking  plow,  drawn  by  a  team 
of  horses,  or  quite  as  likely  by  a  yoke 
of  oxen.  The  field  was  fitted  for  sow¬ 
ing  by  a  rude  A-shaped  drag  with 
seven  or  nine  straight  iron  teeth.  Prob¬ 
ably  the  soil  having  been  recently 
cleared,  fell  apart  more  easily  than  to¬ 
day  and  surely  the  pioneer  farm  was 
yet  free  of  the  weeds  that  have  come 
to  infest  it  during  the  intervening  years. 

When  the  ground  had  been  fitted  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  standards  of  that  day, 
the  farmer  “cast  seed”  as  he  strode 
across  his  field  with  a  sowing-sheet 
hung  from  his  shoulder,  sowing  a  strip 
six  (some  men  sowed  seven)  paces 
wide.  The  seed  was  covered  with  a 
bush  harrow  or  sometimes  by  merely 
using  a  small,  bushy  tree.  The  story 
runs  that  certain  skilled  men  could  thus 
cast  seed  so  evenly  and  accurately  that 
after  the  grain  came  up,  one  could  not 
tell  in  which  direction  the  sower  had 
walked.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  com¬ 
ing  of  the  drill  worked  no  such  revo¬ 
lution  as  did  the  reaper  or  mowing 
machine.  Compared  with  the  plowing 
or  the  harvesting,  scattering  the  seed 
was  a  small  chore  quickly  accomplished. 

It  would  seem  that  in  the  early  years 
of  American  Agriculturist  all  grain 
was  cradled  and  bound  by  hand.  Even 
within  my  memory  I  have  seen  a  good 
deal  of  wheat  and  rye  cut  with  the  self¬ 
rake  reaper  and  tied  up  by  hand  with 
straw  bands.  In  fact  I  have  bound 
quite  a  good  deal  of  rye,  but  I  imagine 
my  work  was  wonderfully  slow  and 
clumsy  as  compared  with  the  dextrous, 
almost  automatic  movements  of  an  old 
time  binder.  In  pioneer  times  women 
often  assisted  in  the  harvest  by  bind¬ 


ing.  One  of  my  father’s  tales  concern¬ 
ed  the  exploits  of  our  neighbor,  Mrs. 
Austin  Stahl.  She  was  a  lady  athlete, 
who  in  her  supple  young  wifehood 
would  bind  all  day  behind  a  cradler, 
pressing  always  close  at  his  heels  and 
at  night  would  catch  the  last  clip  off 
the  cradle  and  bind  it  without  allowing 
it  to  touch  the  ground.  It  would  seem 
that  in  those  days  there  were  some 
mighty  women  to  be  the  mothers  of 
men. 

Watching  the  progress  of  this  farm 
across  the  years,  first  by  tradition  and 
later  by  memory,  I  am  impressed  by 
the  changes  that  time  has  wrought. 
Great  Grandfather  Jared  Goodyear 
came  here  in  1800.  He  was  already  al¬ 
most  middle  aged  and  when  he  died  in 
1843,  he  left  a  patriarchal  family  of 
four  sons  and  four  daughters,  not  to 
mention  the  two  infant  boys  who  lay 
under  little  mounds  in  what  was  then 
far  off  Cayuga  County. 

In  his  day  he  tried  to  do  what  every 
other  farmer  did — -to  make  the  farm 
self-contained,  and  self-sufficient  so  that 
his  family  might  be  fed  and  clothed 
and  shod  from  within  the  farm  fence 
lines.  He  grew  wheat  and  rye  for 
bread  and  eight  rowed  flint  corn  for 
johnnie-cake  and  samp  and  supawn 
and  buckwheat  for  his  griddle  cakes. 
He  butchered  a  cow  and  hogs  and  sheep 
and  Great  Grandmother  made  smoked 
hams  and  shoulders  and  bacon  and 
pickled  pork  and  head  cheese  and  souse 
and  corned  beef  and  rotetje  and  smok¬ 
ed  dined  beef.  Our  own  wheat,  ground 
for  toll  (every  tenth  bushel),  in  the 
local  grist  mill  supplied  the  flour  from 
which  came  crusty  loaves,  baked  in  the 
brick  oven,  and  mince  pies  and  fried 
cakes  in  unbelievable  numbers.  Culin¬ 
ary  operations  were  on  an  heroic  scale 
because  men  worked  long  hours  at 
back-breaking  toil  and  at  table  there 
were  mighty  trenchermen,  who  had 
never  heard  of  calories  or  vitamins  or 
the  necessity  of  a  properly  balanced 
ration  but  who  ate  what  was  set  be¬ 
fore  them  and  quit  when  they  were 
filled. 

There  was  no  lack  of  homegrown  flax 
and  wool  and  Great  Grandmother  Bede 
and  her  four  daughters  and  sometimes 
a  hired  woman  spun  and  wove  and 
sewed  so  that  the  family  might  be 
clothed.  The  cowhides  and  the  calf¬ 
skins  were  sent  to  Sam  and  Lou  Betts’ 
tannery  a  short  mile  up  the  road  to 
be  made  into  leather  on  shares,  and 
from  Grandfather’s  share  the  local  cob¬ 
bler  made  shoes  for  all  the  family.  It 
was  a  crude,  primitive,  patriarchal  age, 
lacking  in  a  multitude  of  things  which 
we  have  come  to  regard  as  almost  in¬ 
dispensable,  but  none  the  less  an  age 
which  I  insist,  nourished  some  splendid 
qualities  of  heart  and  brain. 

Great  Grandfather  died  when  the 
American  Agriculturist  was  one  year 
old.  Of  his  family  two  sons  elected  to 
( Continued  on  Page  41) 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


1  1  (11) 


The  First  Hundred 
Years  Are  the  Hardest 

fey  W.  Mitchell 


JUST  100  YEARS  AGO,  when  the 
American  Agriculturist  was  getting 
out  its  first  issues,  President  Van 
Buren  returned  to  his  farm  which  is 
within  rifle  shot  of  my  own;  they  fin¬ 
ished  the  Bunker  Hill  monument;  the 
Mormons  started  for  Utah,  although 
it  was  unnamed  Indian  country  at  the 
time;  Daniel  Webster  was  Secretary  of 
State  under  President  Tyler;  and  farm¬ 
ers  in  Columbia,  Rensselaer  and  Dela¬ 
ware  counties  were  staging  a  rent  re¬ 
volt  against  the  Van  Rensselaers. 

There  was  no  telegraph  or  telephone 
and  the  mail  service  was  far,  far  from 
the  R  F  D  we  have  today.  It  must  have 
been  quite  a  job  to  gather  material 
and  distribute  a  periodical  in  those 
days. 

The  frontier  was  Michigan,  Wiscon¬ 
sin,  Iowa  and  Louisiana,  and  railroads 
were  in  the  first  experimental  stage. 
Press  work  was  all  done  by  hand,  and 
the  lowly  ox  was  the  main  source  of 
farm  power,  except  for  the  hand  of 
man.  In  those  days,  however,  11  out  of 
every  12  persons  in  this  country  lived  on 
a  farm  or  in  a  rural  community,  and 
agriculture  was  the  most  important 
industry.  The  farm  press  was  a  domin¬ 
ant  factor  in  forming  public  opinion 
and  the  principal  means  of  spreading 
agricultural  knowledge.  This  country 
boasted  a  population  of  17  million  peo¬ 
ple  and  a  federal  revenue  of  20  million 
dollars.  Today  we  have  more  than  17 
million  just  in  unemployed  and  de¬ 
pendants,  and  20  million  dollars  is  just 
federal  chicken  feed  for  a  moment’s 
spending. 

In  1842,  when  American  Agricultur¬ 
ist  first  started  to  publish  articles  by 
and  for  fruit  growers,  fruit  growing 
was  the  hobby  of  many  distinguished 
gentlemen,  and  most  distinguished 
men  were  farmers  or  at  least  owned  a 
farm.  The  first  nurseries  were  spring¬ 
ing  up  around  Rochester  and  on  Long 
Island,  and  Ulster  county  was  the  lead¬ 
er  I  think,  in  commercial  production. 
Pat  Berry  was  just  getting  started  in 
the  nursery  business  and  the  area 
around  Rochester  was  setting  the  first 
of  those  many  apple  trees  that  made 
that  section  the  apple  basket  of  the 
world. 

Occasionally,  one  can  still  find  an 
old  apple  or  pear  tree  planted  about 
the  time  the  first  issue  of  A.  A.  went 
to  press;  and  all  through  the  past  hun¬ 
dred  years,  American  Agriculturist 
has  had  a  helping,  influential  hand  in 
shaping  the  horticulture  and  agricul¬ 
ture  of  New  York  and  the  whole  North¬ 


east.  May  it  long  continue  so  to  serve. 

Today  the  problems  it  helps  to  solve 
are  more  difficult  and  more  complex. 
Handicaps  and  hardships  of  mechanics, 
communication  and  distribution  have 
been  supplanted  by  complicated  social 
and  economic  adjustments  that  involve 
the  whole  country  and  the  whole  world. 
Leadership  and  guidance  are  a  more 
pressing  need  now  than  even  in  pioneer 
days;  influence  greater  because  it 
reaches  more  people.  Editorship  and 
publishing  is  still  a  grave  responsibil¬ 
ity. 

Perhaps  that  is  one  reason  why  I 
have  postponed  this  long  the  presenta¬ 
tion  of  a  thought  that  keeps  recurring 
to  me,  and  one  that  is  out  of  harmony 
with  a  good  many  statements  of  the 
day:  viz.,  that  the  apple  growers  should 
continue  to  increase  production  and 
fight  for  their  market,  rather  than  re¬ 
duce  their  crops  and  yield  the  field  to 
competing  fruits.  True  enough,  the  to¬ 
tal,  and  per  capita,  and  proportional 
consumption  of  apples  may  have  de¬ 
creased;  the  number  of  bearing  trees 
and  replacements  may  be  less;  and  the 
financial  returns  from  apple  growing 
be  fading  or  gone;  but  does  surrender 
ever  mean  success?  Is  all  the  fighting 
spirit  of  those  fruit  growers  who  led 
the  way  gone  from  the  present  genera¬ 
tions  that  tend  their  trees  and  till  their 
farms?  I  hope  not. 

True  success  lies  in  facing  difficul¬ 
ties  and  overcoming  them.  Apple  and 
fruit  growing  here  in  the  Northeast  of¬ 
fers  just  as  good  an  opportunity  as  it 
ever  did  or  as  anything  else  today, 
and  we  are  rearing  generations  of  farm 
boys  and  girls  just  as  capable  of  over¬ 
coming  difficulties  as  any  that  have 
gone  before.  The  fruit  industry  in  our 
northeast  must  and  will  succeed. 

One  hundred  years  ago,  when  A.  A. 
first  took  hold,  this  country  was  just 
recovering  from  the  panic  that  started 
in  1837  and  was  followed  by  depres¬ 
sion;  just  as  we  are  working  out  of  a 
panic  and  depression  today.  Wars 
threatened,  came  and  went,  but  agri¬ 
culture  and  the  American  Agricultur¬ 
ist  kept  on  going,  just  as  both  are  go¬ 
ing  on  today.  A  hundred  years  fr.om 
now  our  grandchildren  may  pick  up  an 
anniversary  issue  of  A.  A.;  read  some 
reviews  of  those  days  100  years  ago 
and  remark  (referring  to  us):  “Those 
old  timers  didn’t  know  much,  or  have 
much  to  work  with,  but  they  certainly 
did  have  spunk.”  Probably  most  of  us 
would  turn  over  quietly  and  lie  quite 
content  at  that  much  praise:  let’s  try 
and  merit  it. 


TI1E  OLD  ORANGE  JUDD  HOMESTEAD 


This  house,  located  near  Colonial  Village,  Sanborn,  Niagara  County,  N.  Y.,  has  a 
special  meaning  to  readers  of  American  Agriculturist.  It  is  the  old  homestead  of 
Orange  Judd,  who  published  American  Agriculturist  for  many  years.  It  is  mwv 

owned  by  the  Haseley  family. 


3  JOHN  DEERE  Tractors 

for  Small-Acreage  Farms 


JJOW  is  the  time  to  talk  with 
your  John  Deere  dealer — 
find  out  how  little  it  costs  to 
own  a  complete  John  Deere 
power  farming  outfit.  John 
Deere  sells  just  as  much  power 
as  you  need — the  Model  “LA” 
Tractor,  shown  above,  easily 
handles  a  1 6-inch  plow  or 
double-action  5-foot  disk  har¬ 
row;  the  Model  “L”  romps 
along  with  a  12-inch  plow  or 
a  6-foot  single-action  harrow; 
the  Model  “H”,  shown  at 
right,  is  the  1-2-plow,  tricycle- 
type  John  Deere.  All  three  are 
available  with  belt  pulley  and 
electric  starting  and  lights; 
“LA”  and  “H”  with  power 
take-off.  Investigate  now. 


The  John  Deere  Model  “H”,  shown  here, 
cultivates  two  rows  at  a  time;  the  Models 
“L”  and  “LA”  cultivate  one  row. 


Mail  Coupon  for  Full  Information 


When  Writinu  Advertisers  Be  Sure  to  Mention  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


For  Dependable  Service  .  .  . 


Our  dealers  can  furnish  you  with 
the  following  implements,  also  re¬ 
pairs  for  same: 


LAND  ROLLERS 
TRACTOR  DISC 
HARROWS 
WALKING  PLOWS 
MULCHER  PACKERS 
WALKING  CULTI¬ 
VATORS 

SHOVEL  PLOWS 
STONE  BOAT  HEADS 
GEHL  HAMMER 
MILLS 

SPRING  TOOTH 
HARROWS 

POTATO  PLANTERS 
LIME  SOWERS 


RIDING  CULTI¬ 
VATORS 
WEEDERS 
SAW  FRAMES 
ORIGINAL  MILLER 
BEAN  HARVESTER 
SPIKE  TOOTH 
HARROWS 
SULKY  PLOWS 
SINGLE  OR  DOUBLE 
PULVERIZERS 
AND  PACKERS 
HILLERS 
STONE  BOATS 
COMPLETE 
GEHL  SILO  FILLERS 


YOU  will  find  this  new  model 
LE  ROY  Potato  Planter — one 
or  two  rows — not  only  more  rugged 
but  better  adapted  to  varying  types 
of  soil  and  climate.  High  shoe  fur¬ 
row  opener  operates  with  least  pos¬ 
sible  friction,  and  penetrates  readi¬ 
ly  to  any  desired  depth.  Vibrating 
seed  hopper  bottom  causes  even 
flow  of  potatoes;  while  driver  can 
see  them  drop.  100  to  2000  pounds 
to  the  acre.  Ask  to  see  this  new 
model  at  your  local  LE  ROY  deal¬ 
er’s.  • 

LEROY  PLOW  COMPANY 
Te  Roy,  New  York. 


l^Boy 

POTATO  PLANTER 


SERVING  THE  FARMER  FOR  OVER  60  YEARS 


A  safe,  easy-operating  Allis-Chal- 
mers  tractor  becomes  a  powerful 
tool  for  food  defense  in  the  willing 
hands  of  farm  boys  .  .  .  girls  too 
.  .  .  helping  Dad  in  the  emergency. 
Character  is  moulded  on  the  cush¬ 
ion  seat  of  a  tractor. 


DAIRYING 

the  future.  W 
the  yellow-gol 
hy  the  FOR / 
ting  and  blow, 
Ion8  grass  sil: 

: 

•  '  :  vv 


Toush  ••  «t?T'q 


,r°pe  hac 

as  been 

.  to  one-half 
,C*  half 

y  fnalnutri. 
r°teins,  vita. 
ere  «  a  mac. 


To  answer  Uncle  Sam’s  call  for  milk,  pork, 
butter,  and  eggs,  why  not  equip  your  farm 
“factory”  with  a  power  plant?  It’s  like 
shifting  from  low  to  high!  Farming  at 
twice  the  speed  of  horses,  your  day  in  the 
field  is  hours  shorter.  You  float  over  rough 
ground  in  comfort  on  big  hydromatic  air 
tires,  shock-proof  steering,  quick-dodge 
“castered”  front  wheels,  cushion  seat,  elec¬ 
tric  starter  .  .  .  man-savers  that  save  your 
time  and  strength  for  managing  paying  live¬ 
stock,  poultry,  orchard  or  truck  patch. 

You  can  harvest  either  grain  or  roughage 
in  quick,  easy  operations  with  power  take¬ 
off  harvesters.  Convert  all  your  feed  into 
valuable  human  food,  instead  of  burning  a 


-ar  unto/d  sul 

oh  U  ^  h « 
hate  and  * 


big  share  as  horse  fuel.  Turn  the  “wheels” 
of  your  factory  —  grinding,  shelling,  chop¬ 
ping  roughage,  pumping,  filling  silo  —  with 
handy,  portable  beltpower. 

Humans  in  this  world  needn’t  go  hungry 
any  longer.  Allis-Chalmers  power  gives  you 
the  opportunity  to  help  your  fellow  men, 
and  earn  a  fair  profit,  by  daylight  instead 
of  lantemlight.  Your  Allis-Chalmers  dealer 
can  tell  you  how.  Send  the  coupon,  now! 


Ml 


ALLIS-CHALMERS  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

Dept.  34,  Tractor  Division,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 


sPaclrigs 

VnJ 


\ew  Model 
iltr>Plemeti 
Varyins 


Gentlemen:  Please  tend  free  catalogs  checked  to  help  me  plan  for  the  future.  I  farm - act 

in  . .  . . . . . County. 

□  1-Plow  Tractor  □  2-Plow  Tractor  □  Model  40  All-Crop  Harvester  □  Forage  Harvester 

□  2-Row  Tractor  *  0  Crawler  Tractor  0  Model  60  All-Crop  Harvester  0  Implements 


TO  BETTER  LIVING 


TO  BETTER  FARMING 


Name. 


(Please  Print) 


TRACTOR  DIVISION  •  MILWAUKEE  •  U.  S.  A 


i 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


DOUIN  THE 


By  j).  Q.  "2>oc. "  Ro&e>U<L 


AGRICULTURE:  If  I  were  writing  this 
100  years  ago  for  the  first  issue  of 
American  Agriculturist,  I  would  be 
talking  about  a  great  many  more  head 
of  livestock  than  there  are  on  our 
Northeastern  farms  today.  I  would  al¬ 
so  be  talking  about  a  great  many  more 
acres  of  pasture  land  and  cultivated 
acres.  How  ridiculous,  then,  to  argue 
that  sheep,  cattle,  hogs  and  horses 
have  no  place  on  our  northeastern 
farms,  or  that,  because  trees  “as  big 
as  your  leg”  are  growing  where  pota¬ 
toes  once  grew,  our  Northeastern  agri¬ 
culture  has  gone  into  “decay.” 

LIVESTOCK:  Any  way  you  want  to 
look  at  it,  livestock  is  just  as  important 
to  the  folks  who  have  it  today  as  it 
was  to  our  grandfathers  and  grand¬ 
mothers.  To  be  sure,  within  this  per¬ 
iod,  they  saw  a  great  western  plain 
open  up,  but  we  have  seen  it  begin  to 
close  up.  You  should  hear  those  west¬ 
ern  people  talk  about  their  difficulties 
today — fences,  need  for  irrigation,  land 
grants,  transportation  difficulties  and 
costs,  and  a  thousand  other  problems 
that  our  Northeast  went  all  through 
in  the  “good  old  days”  we  hear  about. 

If  I  were  writing  this  30  or  40  years 
ago,  I  would  simply  have  to  say,  “The 
West  can  produce  all  the  livestock  we 
need,  do  a  better  job,  and  get  it  to  us 
cheaper  than  we  can.”  But  today,  none 
of  these  western  advantages  exist.  In 
fact,  we  have  the  advantages,  and  they 
are  rapidly  becoming  apparent  to  us. 
Ac  the  West  continues  to  close,  these 
advantages  will  again  bring  back  live¬ 
stock  in  numbers.  We  do  not  have  to 
worry  about  that,  but  we  do  have  to 
produce  good  livestock  men.  So  more 
power  to  our  4-H  and  Future  Farmer 
Clubs. 

Every  “good”  livestock  man  ^  know 
today,  and  that’s  a  host  of  them,  is 
satisfied,  successful,  and  economically 
repaid  for  his  livestock  hours — and  this 
right  now  in  our  “decayed”  Northeast. 
Perhaps  average  figures  on  average 
surveys  are  not  as  useful  as  they  are 


cracked  up  to  be,  for  after  all  livestock 
is  a  business— mot  a  diversion.  But  if 
a  survey  were  made  of  the  successful 
livestock  men  in  our  Northeast,  of  their 
practices  and  their  results,  it  would 
not  only  have  great  educational  value, 
but  the  profit  figures  would  be  amaz¬ 
ing  to  a  lot  of  people  shedding  unneces¬ 
sary  tears  for  us. 

MARKETING:  This  is  probably  the 
least  understood  and  most  abused 
angle  of  all  agriculture.  Our  great- 
grandparents,  consciously  or  uncon¬ 
sciously,  did  a  great  deal  better  job  of 
marketing  than  we  are  doing.  They 
simply  did  not  sell  for  less  than  the 
cost  of  production.  They  could  do  this 
by  keeping  themselves  in  a  position  to 
substitute  for  sale  another  product  that 
did  make  money  (diversification),  and 
then  if  necessary,  they  and  their  neigh¬ 
bors  could  use  the  product  that  was  too 
cheap.  They  had  confidence  that  their 
neighbors  would  not  sell  at  a  loss 
either,  and  thus  they  were  price-mak¬ 
ers  and  not  price-breakers.  They  creat¬ 
ed  a  demand  at  a  profit  price  for  the 
product  that  needed  support. 

We,  unfortunately,  have  lost  the 
sense  of  the  inherent  value  of  farm 
products  and  the  marketing  sense  of  a 
profit  price,  and  have  greatly  over-ac¬ 
centuated  simply  moving  our  products 
at  the  “going  price.”  We  have  had  it 
drummed  into  our  ears,  “You  cannot 
get  more  than  the  market,”  without 
questioning  how  that  market  price  was 
and  is  established.  We  have  insisted 
that  competition  be  maintained  in  in¬ 
dustry  to  keep  prices  down  and  service 
standards  maintained,  and  then  turned 
right  around  and  created  the  greatest 
competition  and  the  highest  service 
standard  of  all  industry  when  we  sell 
our  own  agricultural  products. 

No  one  knows  the  best  method  of 
farm  marketing,  the  reason  being  that 
agriculture  itself  has  not  set  up  any 
marketing  machinery  to  find  out.  To  be 
sure,  the  Government  comes  out  with 
( Continued  on  Page  39) 


13  (13) 


Sam  needs 


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INSURES  IT/v<3 


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1  UP  a,.*  *<■"*  .£ „ 

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SS5*  "*  l,ou'  <*„  SSfw"*-  .  . 

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NAME 


ADDRESS 
CITY 


STATE 


NEW  1942  SEED  CATALOG  NOW  READY 

If  you  have  a  garden  or  a  farm,  you  need 
our  1942  Free  Descriptive  Catalog.  New 
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Write  the 

American  Agriculturist 

10  N.  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 
Our  signs  comply  with  the  law. 


Here  is  the  New  York  State  4-H  Club  Livestock  Judging  Team  that  won  first  place 
at  the  International  Livestock  Exposition  at  Chicago.  From  left  to  right:  Germain 
Marion,  Hammond;  H.  A.  YVillman,  Cornell,  Co-coach;  Stewart  Cuthbert,  Ham¬ 
mond;  Joe  King,  Canton,  Co-coach;  Carlton  Bresett,  Canton  (alternate);  Maurice 
Mix,  Heuvelton. 

These  boys  won  first  place,  competing  with  27  states.  They  were  first  in  judging 
hogs,  third  on  sheep,  sixth  on  cattle,  and  seventh  on  horses.  Stewart  Cuthbert  was 
second  high  man  in  the  contest;  Germain  Marion  was  fifth  in  all  classes,  hut  first 
on  cattle;  and  Maurice  Mix  was  fifteenth  in  all  classes. 

Youngsters  like  these,  trained  in  4-H  Clubs  and  High  School  Departments  of 
Agriculture,  will  do  their  full  part  in  writing  the  history  of  northeastern  agricul¬ 
ture  in  the  next  hundred  years. 


Important 


74  YEARS 
BUILDING 
FINE  FARM 
MACHINERY 


©EH4 

'nisut-tftH 


I  First  it  cuts,  then  it  grinds.  Cutting  cylinder 
cuts  most  of  the  roughage  fibre  before  it  reaches 
the  hammers.  It  is  thus  more  easily  and  quick¬ 
ly  reduced  to  uniform  meal.  It  will  handle  twice  as 
much  roughage  as  a  plain  mill  with  the  same  power. 
Handles  all  feeds  —  roughage,  earcorn  or  grain. 

POSITIVE  FEED -NO  CLOGGING 


The  Gehl  positive  mechanical  feed  to  blower  eliminates 
danger  of  filling  up  under  the  screen  —  no  clogging. 
Large  diameter  cylinder;  42  swinging  hammers.  Big 
capacity  at  low  speed  and  uniform  grinding.  New  models  offer  combination  or  plain 
mills  in  10  and  15  inch  sizes.  Moderately  priced. 


GEH  L  Hay  Chopper-Silo  Filler  FllLSSS?m 


WRITE  FOR  CATALOGS  AND  NAME  OF  YOUR  NEAREST  DEALER 


The  GEHL  LINE  includes  Hay  Chopper-Silo-Fillers; 
Hammer  Mills;  Portable  Mills; — truck  mounted  for  cus¬ 
tom  work;  Coal  stokers. 


GEHL  BROS.  MFG.  CO. 


Famous  for  big  capacity  with  low  power.  Cuts  fast,  uniformly 
and  clean.  An  efficient  non-clog  blower  puts  the  cuttings  where 
you  want  them — into  the  highest  silo,  or  any  spot  in  a  big  hay  mow. 
An  unbreakable  boiler-plate  fly  wheel;  all-steel  frame 
construction;  rugged  transmission. 


ESTABLISHED  1867  DEPT.  729-C, 


WEST  BEND,  WISCONSIN 


/ 


4 


(14)  14 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


TO  GROWERS 
WHO  MIX  BORDEAUX 


NICHOLS  “INSTANT”  COPPER  SULPHATE 
is  more  than  the  old  time  copper  sulphate  which 
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Congratulations 


to 

American  Agriculturist 

For  having  rendered  One 
Hundred  Years  of  useful 
service  to  the  farmers  of  the 
Northeast. 

A  paper  that  ties  in  closely 
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FRUIT  GROWING  — 

A  Century  of  Progress 


THE  LAST  hundred  years,  the  life¬ 
time  of  the  American  Agricultur¬ 
ist,  constitute  a  period  of  magnificent 
accomplishment  in  fruit  growing. 
There  has  been  no  other  century  of  so 
great  progress  in  this  branch  of  agri¬ 
culture  since  men  began  to  till  the  soil. 
It  is  doubtful  If  in  any  one  of  the  sev¬ 
eral  thousand  years  since  orchards 
have  been  planted  has  so  great  growth 
been  made. 

American  fruit  growing  has  advanc¬ 
ed  most  remarkably  in  these  years  be¬ 
cause  of  two  unusual  opportunities. 
Chief  of  the  two  is  the  emergency  re¬ 
quiring  the  domestication  of  native 
fruits.  The  other,  hardly  less  impor¬ 
tant,  was  the  necessity  of  adapting  the 
fruits  of  the  Old  World  to  the  condi¬ 
tions  of  the  New  World.  A  few  figures 
will  substantiate  these  figures. 

In  1842,  less  than  a  thousand  varie¬ 
ties  of  hardy  fruits  were  grown  in  the 
United  States,  nearly  all  of  which  had 
come  from  Europe.  The  fruit  books 
published  by  the  Geneva  Experiment 
Station  since  1906  describe  more  than 
8,000  varieties  of  apples,  pears,  peach¬ 
es,  plums  and  cherries,  half  of  which, 
at  least,  have  originated  in  the  United 
States. 

The  figures  for  vine  and  small  fruits 
are  much  more  striking.  In  1842,  only 
two  grapes,  the  Catawba  and  the  Isa¬ 
bella,  were  commonly  grown  in  the 
United  States;  since  that  time  more 
than  1,000  sorts  have  originated  in  this 
country,  at  least  50  of  which  are  now 
grown;  of  red  raspberries,  perhaps  a 
half  dozen  were  well  known;  more  than 
700  have  since  been  introduced,  50  of 
which  are  under  cultivation.  Of  black 
raspberries,  none  were  grown  in  1842; 
25  or  more,  now.  Two  blackberries  and 
no  dewberries,  a  century  ago;  of  the 
200  since'  introduced,  a  half  hundred 
are  found  in  gardens.  About  the  same 
proportions  hold  with  currants  and 
gooseberries  as  with  bramble  fruits, 
while  of  strawberries  the  20  sorts  of 
1842  have  been  increased  to  1,000  or 
more,  with  perhaps  a  hundred  under 
cultivation. 

In  colonial  America,  tree  fruits  were 
nearly  all  seedlings;  budded  or  grafted 
trees  were  rarely  grown.  In  this  re¬ 
spect  there  was  great  improvement  be¬ 
fore  1842,  but  it  is  safe  to  say  that  half 
the  apples  and  peaches  in  American 
orchards  in  that  year  were  seedling 
trees.  Nurserymen  complained  bitterly 
then  that  their  business  was  greatly 
hampered  by  the  men  who,  a  few  years 
later,  went  from  orchard  to  orchard 
grafting  seedling  trees  to  named  var¬ 
ieties.  These  seedlings,  passed  through 
the  sieve  of  selection,  gave  us  most 
of  our  named  varieties  in  the  nine¬ 
teenth  century. 

Apples  were  chiefly  grown  in  Ameri¬ 
ca,  until  the  1840’s,  for  cider — peaches 
for  peach  brandy.  Cider  was  a  prime 
item  in  domestic  economy  in  every 
part  of  the  Union.  “Cider”  was  the  fer¬ 
mented  juice  of  the  apple,  the  freshly 
expressed  juice  was  “apple  juice.” 
Cider  was  a  common  tender  for  the 
services  of  shoemaker,  tailor,  lawyer, 
preacher,  or  schoolmaster.  All  drank  it 
and  served  it  at  meals,  to  guests,  and 
on  social  occasions. 

Tree  fruits  were  dried  and  shipped 
to  the  South  or  the  West  Indies  in 
trade.  Every  household  dried  or  bought 
dried  fruits  for  winter  use.  Later  a 
great  business  in  dried  apples  and  dried 
black  raspberries  sprang  up  in  western 
New  York.  Until  some  years  after  the 
railroads  came,  little  fresh  fruit  was 
sold  in  distant  markets,  and  suitable 
packages  in  which  to  ship  were  not 
well  developed  until  the  last  quarter  of 


—  By  Id.  P.  cMed/ucJz  r— 

the  nineteenth  century. 

Fruit  growing  in  the  first  half  of  the 
last  century  was  largely  in  the  hands 
of  amateurs — a  hobby  for  rich  men. 
They,  for  most  part,  grew  long  lists 
of  varieties  notable  for  high  quality 
and  handsome  appearance.  Many  im¬ 
ported  varieties  from  Europe.  Every 
man  of  wealth  had  a  country  place 
with  a  fine  orchard  and  a  greenhouse 
in  which  fruits  were  forced. 

The  farmers’  orchards — the  “com¬ 
mercial  orchards,”  as  we  should  now 
call  them,  were  a  depressing  sight  ac¬ 
cording  to  Thacher,  author  of  the 
American  Orchardist,  in  1822.  The 
trees,  he  tells  us,  were  seldom  engraft¬ 
ed,  pruned,  cultivated,  or  manured. 
They  were  kept  as  pastures  for  the 
farm  live  stock  and  their  foliage  was 
exposed  to  the  depredations  of  cater¬ 
pillars  and  insects.  He  winds  up  his 
tirade  with  the  statement  that  no  other 
branch  of  agriculture  was  so  “culpably 
disregarded.” 

The  three  decades  from  1830  to  1860 
were  a  period  of  especially  great  hor¬ 
ticultural  progress  in  fruit  growing  in 
America.  During  these  years  nurseries 
and  orchards  increased  enormously; 
many  new  fruits  were  imported  from 
Europe;  a  dozen  or  more  species  of 
native  grapes,  plums,  raspberries, 
blackberries,  dewberries,  gooseberries 
and  cranberries  were  domesticated; 
many  horticultural  societies,  including 
the  American  Pomological  Society, 


were  organized;  a  score  or  more  really 
splendid  fruit  books  were  published, 
and  as  many  more  agricultural  and 
horticultural  papers  came  into  exist¬ 
ence. 

By  the  end  of  the  century,  fruit 
growing,  which  a  hundred  years  ago 
was  but  beginning,  especially  as  a  com¬ 
mercial  industry,  was  one  of  the  most 
prominent  branches  of  agriculture.  It 
was,  however,  handicapped  down  to  the 
beginning  of  a  new  century  by  epidem¬ 
ics  of  plant  diseases  and  insect  pests 
of  which  little  was  known  as  to  life 
habits  or  means  of  control.  Further 
handicaps  were  imposed  by  poor  trans¬ 
portation,  poor  storage  facilities,  and 
poor  packing.  Middle-aged  men  now 
living  have  seen  developed  almost  per¬ 
fect  means  of  controlling  insect  and 
fungous  pests,  splendid  transportation 
facilities,  and  very  good  fruit  packages 
and  methods  of  packing. 

The  American  Agriculturist  in  the 
hundred  years  of  its  existence  has  been 
a  forceful  influence  for  the  betterment 
of  fruit  growing.  The  writer  wishes  to 
pay  tribute,  in  particular,  to  Dr.  George 
Thurber,  editor  of  the  Agriculturist 
from  1863  to  1885.  During  these  for¬ 
mative  years  of  modem  agriculture  and 
fruit  growing  no  man  wrote  with  so 
trenchant  and  accomplished  a  pen  as 
Dr.  Thurber. 

What  of  the  future  for  fruit  grow¬ 
ing?  The  future  for  hardy  fruits  is 
( Continued  on  Page  18) 


Remember  the  Plowman 

An  Editorial  by  E.  R.  Eastman 

7 /nr* -? it  tori  in.  A  Yn.Grh.C’.ft.VL 


Editor’s  Note :  This  tribute  to  Ameri¬ 
can  farmers  is  reprinted  in  this  Centen¬ 
nial  Issue  of  AMERICAN  AGRICUL¬ 
TURIST  by  a  special  request  of  an  old 
friend  of  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 
and  of  farmers.  The  sentiments  express¬ 
ed  here  are  just  ag  true  today  as  they 
were  in  pioneer  times;  in  fact,  more  so, 
for  America  now  is  facing  its  v  greatest 
test  of  all  time,  and  the  country’s  need 
of  its  plowmen  is  greater  now  than  ever 
before. 

44^vF  ALL  the  tools  that  man  has 
V>J  used  since  the  dawn  of  time  to 
raise  himself  above  the  level  of  the 
brutes,  there  is  none  so  great  as  the 
plow.  Without  it,  there  would  be  no 
sword  or  no  pen;  no  armies  or  no 


TOMORROW’S  WORLD 

By  Gordon  Thomas. 

The  bright  world  of  tomorrow,  yet  to 
bring 

Fulfillment  such  as  no  past  age  has 
known, 

That  clear  mirage  of  long  imagining 

Shall  take  as  form  and  substance  the 
firm  bone 

Of  splendid  cities,  the  kind  flesh  of  near 

And  well  loved  earth.  In  that  abiding 
peace 

We  shall  recall  what  glimpses  we  had 
here, 

In  these  strange  times;  how  life  gave 
no  surcease 

From  its  own  thirst  for  living;  how  we 
drew 

A  daring  architecture;  how  we  prayed, 

Each  man  in  his  shy  way,  and  little 
knew 

In  that  audacious  structure  we  had  laid 

The  plan  by  which  our  very  lives  should 
grow 

Brave  as  the  dream  that  would  not 
let  us  go. 


Agriculturist  May  8,  1926. 

books;  without  the  plow  the  cities 
would  perish  and  the  conquering  grass 
and  wilderness  would  overtake  the 
haunts  of  man. 

“With  his  plow,  the  pioneer  farmer 
conquered  the  woods,  subdued  the  sods 
of  centuries  and  bent  the  varying  soils 
of  a  virgin  continent  to  the  uses  of 
mankind.  Upon  the  foundations  made 
and  maintained  by  the  plow,  and  the 
man  who  holds  it  to  its  furrow,  Ameri¬ 
ca  has  built  the  greatest  civilization 
of  all  time.  With  the  plow  and  his  su¬ 
blime  faith,  which  leads  him  forth  to 
turn  the  soil  with  renewed  hope  each 
springtime,  the  farmer  makes  possible 
all  other  industries  of  men;  the  plow 
and  the  man  who  holds  it  feed  and 
clothe  the  world.  The  smoke  of  indus¬ 
try  rises  from  a  million  plants.  Rail¬ 
roads  and  the  instruments  of  communi¬ 
cation  bind  the  world  together.  Ships 
sail  the  seas  of  earth;  great  cities  with 
inhabitants  outnumbering  the  plowmen 
rear  their  massive  buildings  at  every 
natural  trade  center.  But  without  that 
which  the  plowman  obtains  from  his 
scratching  of  the  earth’s  soil,  all  would 
become  again  as  Nineveh  and  Tyre. 

“It  seems  sometimes  that  we  in 
America  are  forgetting  what  we  owe 
to  the  plow  and  to  the  American  farm¬ 
er.  Many  are  becoming  so  far  removed 
from  natural  country  life  that  they 
fail  to  appreciate  the  debt  to  the  plow 
and  the  high  standards  that  have  been 
set  in  America  by  its  master.  We  must 
never  forget  the  importance  of  the 
plow,  for  it  is  the  lesson  of  history 
that  the  civilization  of  countries  began 
to  fail  when  their  cities  began  to  over¬ 
shadow  and  dominate  their  rural  life. 

“The  plowman  will  not  let  that  hap¬ 
pen  in  America.  He  asks  for  no  special 
favors,  but  in  the  name  of  all  citizens 
and  for  the  welfare  of  America  itself, 
he  demands  and  will  obtain  a  square 
deal.” 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


15  (15) 


GOOD  EATING 


By  Paul  Work 


ing  all  over  the  Northeast  for  both 
market  and  cannery;  and  broccoli,  the 
green  sprouting  sort,  has  developed 
into  an  important  crop  during  the  past 
10  years. 

Business  is  More  Specialized 
Every  year  it  becomes  more  difficult 


American  Farms  Supply  Britain  With 
Billion  Dollars’  Worth  of  Products 


Paul  Work 


■"  Island,  The  Henry’s  of  Buffalo,  or 
Jeness  of  Boston.  The  bulk  of  the 
muck  land  farmers  are  in  New  York, 
but  a  few  operate  in  Jersey  and  Penn¬ 
sylvania.  The  cannery  business  oc- 
^  cupies  a  vast  acreage  in  the  North¬ 
eastern  area  in  South  Jersey,  in  Cen- 

THE  PRODUCTION  of  vegetables  men  are  not  tied  to  any  one  market,  tral  and  Western  New  York,  in  South- 

is  a  major  interest  in  the  agricul-  A  noon-time  decision  can  send  a  truck  eastern  Pennsylvania,  and  in  Maine, 

ture  of  the  Northeast,  and  why  to  Pittsburgh  or  New  York;  to  Wash-  Cauliflower  is  an  example  of  a  rather 
shouldn’t  it  be  ?  The  North  Atlantic  ington  or  -to  Boston.  Men  like  E.  B.  highly  specialized  crop  in  restricted 
States  shelter  over  a  quarter  of  the  Clark  of  Shortsville,  New  York,  with  areas — Eastern  Long  Island  and  the 

people  of  the  United  States.  Vege-  his  acreage  of  cucumbers;  William  Catskills.  Asparagus  is  up  and  corn- 

tables  are  heavy  to  haul,  so  it  is  Richards  of  Cape  Cod  with  his  broc- 

natural  and  economical  to  produce  as  coli  and  other  crops;  King  Farms  of 

many  as  possible  Pennsylvania  with  hundreds  of  acres 

near  where  they  of  beans;  and  J.  C.  Shoemaker  of  New 

are  eaten.  Jersey  with  his  great  acreage  of  as- 

These  North-  paragus  belong  in  this  group.  Then 

eastern  States  pro-  there  are  the  large  local  growers,  mar- 

duce,  according  to  ket  gardeners,  like  John  Christensen 

new  census  figures,  of  Hartford,  Harold  Simonson  of  Long  for  the  casual  producer  of  vegetable 
about  $42,000,000 
worth  of  miscel¬ 
laneous  vegetables 
and  about  $72,000,- 
000  worth  aof  pota¬ 
toes.  That  makes 
a  sum  which  about 
matches  the  value 
of  the  hay,  if  you 
assume  that  the 
hay  consumed  on 
the  farm  is  as 
valuable  per  ton 
as  that  which  is  sold.  The  vegetable- 
plus-potato  figure  is  just  about  double 
the  figure  for  poultry  products  and  is 
nearly  a  third  as  large  as  the  dairy 
products  figure. 

Vegetables  for  Home  Eating 

Home  vegetable  gardens  provide 
about  $20,000,000  worth  of  food  to  the 
farmers  of  the  Northeast,  but  nearly 
a  quarter  of  the  farmers  report  no 
vegetables  for  home  use.  These  fig¬ 
ures  do  not  include  potatoes.  The  non¬ 
gardening  farmers  are  presumably  so 
busy  producing  things  to  sell  that  they 
have  no  time  to  produce  things  to  eat. 

Pennsylvania  is  probably  the  garden- 
ingest  state  we  have,  with  about  85% 
of  farmers  reporting  vegetables  for 
home  use,  while  the  average  for  all  of 
the  Northeast  is  about  80%.  The  New 
Englanders  on  the  average  get  better 
than  $60  worth  of  food  from  their 
vegetable  gardens;  New  Yorkers  about 
$40;  and  Pennsylvanians  about  $50 
worth.  If  calculated  at  prices  farmers 
would  have  to  pay  at  a  store,  figures 
would  doubtlessly  be  much  higher. 

So  there  is  still  room  for  North¬ 
eastern  farmers  to  plant  more  vege¬ 
table  seeds  and  to  eat  from  better  pro¬ 
visioned  tables.  This  points  to  progress 
toward  more  gardens  on  farms  and  a 
larger  yield  of  products  per  garden. 

It  is  not  much  of  a  trick  to  raise  and 
use  $75  worth  of  vegetables  or  even 
$100  worth,  especially  with  the  help 
of  storage  and  canning;  and  this  food 
pays  no  toll  to  the  middlemen,  not 
even  to  income  tax  collectors. 

General  Farmers  Grow  Vegetables 

Most  people,  even  farmers,  think  of 
vegetable  growing  as  a  highly  special¬ 
ized  enterprise  of  market  gardeners  or 
truck  farmers.  Few  realize  how  many 
general  and  dairy  farmers  grow  vege¬ 
tables  to  sell.  About  70,000  farms  out 
of  483,000  in  the  Northeast  report 
vegetables  for  market,  and  that  does 
hot  include  potatoes.  In  New  York 
there  are  9,000  cabbage  growers,  9,000 
tomato  growers,  and  8,000  sweet  corn 
growers.  They  would  make  quite  a 
gathering  if  they  all  turned  out  for  the 
New  York  State  Vegetable  Growers 
Association  meeting  in  January. 

Vegetable  production  in  the  North¬ 
east  presents  an  exceedingly  varied 
picture,  and  the  picture  constantly 
changes  from  year  to  year.  The  local 
market  gardener  is  less  dominant  than 
20  years  ago.  The  cash  crop  grower 
and  the  specialized  truck  farmer  do  a 
larger  share  of  the  business.  These 


crops  to  make  a  go  of  it;  but  every 
year  there  is  new  information  for  the 
aid  of  the  farmer,  new  methods  to  be 
tried  out  and  adopted  or  rejected, 
whether  he  grows  a  cash  crop  as  part 
of  a  dairy  scheme  or  whether  he  be  a 
specialized  vegetable  producer.  Cul¬ 
ture  of  peas  and  beans,  of  sweet  corn 
and  cucumbers  is  widely  scattered 
among  general  farms,  but  the  days  of 
planting  a  few  acres  and  taking  a 
chance  on  a  fruitful  return  are  about 
done.  New  developments  in  breeding, 
in  disease  and  insect  control,  in  fertiliz¬ 
er  treatment,  and  in  irrigating,  are 
ready  to  help  the  man  who  makes  a 
real  job  of  it.  Other  illustrations  are 
the  use  of  boron  with  beets  and  cauli¬ 
flower,  seed  treatment  for  cannery  and 
market  peas,  adapting  fertilization 
practice  to  the  different  varieties  of 
(Continued  on  Page  18) 


British  school  children  cooking  American  bacon  and  eggs. 

Of  each  4  pounds  of  the  animal  protein  foods— meat,  cheese,  evaporated  milk, 
eggs— on  British  tables,  one  pound  now  comes  from  American  farms.  These 
are  the  foods  that  build  energy  essential  to  high  production  and  morale. 


RIGHT  now  we  are  looking  into  the  business 
end  of  a  loaded  gun.  Gangs  of  international 
robbers  are  loose,  and  we’ve  got  wbat  they  want. 
A  man  who  covets  his  neighbor’s  property  doesn’t 
want  some  bare  eroded  field.  He  wants  the  best 
field  there  is.  His  greed  doesn’t  drive  him  after 
some  scrawny,  worn-out  cow.  He  wants  the  best- 
producing  cow  in  the  county.  That’s  how  it  is  with 
nations,  too.  Robber  nations  covet  the  best.  That’s 
why  we’re  in  danger  today. 

In  danger  ourselves,  and  pledged  to  help  besieged 
Britain  fighting  so  valiantly,  our  nation  calls  for 
greater  output  to  make  us  stronger  than  ever 
before.  The  call  comes  to  farmers  first  of  all. 
“Food  for  Freedom.” 

Farms  are  the  basic  defense  industry. 

Without  food  production  there  can  be 
no  other  production,  for  us  in  Amer¬ 
ica,  or  for  the  fighters,  the  workmen, 
the  civilian  population  of  Britain, 
whose  energy  and  morale  guarantee 
continued  resistance  to  Hitler.  Britain 
is  depending  on  us  for  the  food 
she  needs.  Without  these  foods  from 


our  farms,  her  people  can’t  work  and  they  can’t 
fight. 

So  we  shoulder  a  food  production  job  for  1942  so 
big  and  so  vital  that  it  is  breath-taking.  We  will 
feed  our  own  people  all  the  nourishing,  vitamin 
foods  that  all-out  defense  requires.  We  will  deliver 
to  Britain  a  steady  flow  of  these  same  nutritious, 
health-building  foods.  We  will  build  great  stock¬ 
piles  of  these  foods.  They  will  help  us  write  the 
peace.  All  this  calls  for  the  largest  production  in 
American  history  of  some  foods.  .  .  .  “Food  for 
Freedom.” 

We  have  promised  Britain  in  1942  evaporated 
milk  and  cheese  from  414  billion  pounds  of  fresh 
milk,  a  billion  and  a  half  pounds  of 
pork  and  lard  from  9,000,000  hogs; 
500,000,000  dozen  eggs  from  50,- 
000,000  hens;  18,000,000  pounds  of 
poultry  meat. 

That’s  the  job  we  face.  That’s  what 
we’ve  agreed  to  do.  That’s  how  farm 
families  of  our  great  nation  will  dem¬ 
onstrate  in  1942  that  democracy  has  a 
brain,  a  will  and  a  heart. 


YOUR  (ARM  CAN  HELP 

★  DNITEO  STATES  BEP4RTMEKT  OF  AGRICULTURE  ★ 

This  is  one  of  a  series  of  reports  from  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  published 
by  the  Chilean  Nitrate  Educational  Bureau,  Inc.,  in  furtherance  of  the  Nation  s  agricultural 
defense  program.  Publication  of  this  report  in  this  space  does  not  constitute  endorsement  by  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  of  any  commercial  product. 


(16)  16 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


Massachusetts7  Market  Garden 
Industry,  1842  - 1942 

Py.  Walter  &.  Pifxen. 


A  CENTURY  ago,  when  American 
Agriculturist  was  a-borning,  a 
group  of  far-seeing  hardy  New  England 
farmers  were  starting  a  great  vege¬ 
table  industry  in  what  is  now  the  fam¬ 
ed  Boston  Market  area.  As  vegetables 
quickly  caught  on,  land  values  advanc¬ 
ed  and  old  records  tell  of  best  bottom¬ 
land  farms  in  Arlington  and  Cambridge 
Selling  in  those  days  for  as  much  as 
$300  an  acre. 

In  the  past  hundred  years  a  great 
city  has  grown,  and  as  it  stretched  for 
elbow  room,  its  suburban  developments 
have  edged  their  way  into  the  vegeta¬ 
ble  country.  The  geographical  location 
of  Boston’s  market  gardens  has  there¬ 
fore  shifted  to  the  more  outlying  reg¬ 
ions,  but  the  importance  of  this  indus¬ 
try  has  grown  steadily  with  the  expan¬ 
sion  of  the  city  and  the  Metropolitan 
area. 

Now  in  these  1940’s  the  Boston  Mar¬ 
ket  Gardeners’  Association  is  the  rec¬ 
ognized  voice  of  vegetabledom  of  east¬ 
ern  Massachusetts  and  comprises  with¬ 
in  its  membership  the  great  majority 
of  commercial  growers.  Progressive 
and  alert,  the  Association  has  for  many 
years  led  the  way  in  production  and 
marketing  methods.  The  organization 
was  a  prime  mover  in  bringing  to  this 
section  the  Waltham  Field  Station, 
branch  of  the  State  College,  where  ex¬ 
tensive  experiments  have  rendered  in¬ 
valuable  aid  to  vegetable  producers. 
The  B.  M.  G.  A.  is  likewise  playing  an 
active  role  in  sales  promotional  work. 

Recently,  attractive  booklets  on  such 
products  as  tomatoes  and  carrots  have 
met  with  enthusiastic  consumer  re¬ 
sponse.  During  the  past  season,  one  of 
the  newest  vegetable  crops,  summer 
pascal  celery,  has  been  marketed  by 
Association  members  under  a  B.M.G.A. 
label. 

Down  through  the  years,  great 
names  in  the  market  garden  business 
have  been  prominent  in  association  af¬ 
fairs.  The  Rawsons,  the  Wymans,  the 
Moores,  the  Allens,  to  mention  only  a 
few  pioneers  in  greenhouse  vegetable 
growing,  have  left  a  great  record  of 


their  foresight  and  of  their  industry. 
Present  day  membership  rolls  include 
descendents  of  many  of  these  families, 
who  are  working  with  the  newer  ar¬ 
rivals  in  the  Bay  State,  not  only  in 
maintaining  a  proud  market  garden 
tradition,  but  in  building  for  greater 
things  in  the  century  to  come. 

Cranberry  Cooperation  Pays  —  Cran¬ 
berries  have  stood  the  depression  bet¬ 
ter  than  most  all  other  crops,  to  the 
great  satisfaction  of  Massachusetts 
growers  who  produce  more  than  60 
per  cent  of  the  world’s  cranberry  sup¬ 
ply.  Average  price  for  the  past  decade, 
including  depression  low  point,  is  bet¬ 
ter  than' $10.00  a  barrel.  This  is  a  drop 
of  barely  10  per  cent  from  the  pre-de¬ 
pression  average.  Few,  if  any,  farm 
crops  can  point  to  such  a  satisfactory 
record. 

Secret  of  cranberry  success  in  com¬ 
batting  hard  times  is  stabilized  acre¬ 
age,  centralized  marketing  control, 
and  effective  advertising.  Cranberry 
acreage  has  changed  little  in  the  last 
20  years.  High  capital  investment  per 
acre,  limited  areas  suitable  for  crop, 
and  specialized  nature  of  production 
methods  tend  to  prevent  increase  in 
bog  plantings,  and  thereby  relieve  the 
industry  of  the  danger  of  over-expan¬ 
sion,  so  common  in  many  lines  of  agri¬ 
culture. 

Aggressive  advertising,  made  possible 
through  the  contribution  of  growers  at 
rate  of  50  cents  per  barrel,  is  fine  ex¬ 
ample  of  what  real  cooperation  can  do 
for  farm  products.  Down  on  Cape  Cod 
they  say  they  have  “the  kind  of  coop¬ 
eration  that  cooperates.” 

Once  In  a  Lifetime — If  you  are  keep¬ 
ing  a  record  of  believe-it-or-nots  in 
Bay  State  farm  affairs,  chalk  down 
that  once-in-a-lifetime  event  at  Cum- 
mington  last  fall  when  two  ox  yokes 
were  broken  in  the  same  drawing  con¬ 
test  at  nearly  the  same  time,  with 
oxen  driven  by  the  same  man. 

The  scene:  Cummington  Fair.  The 
event:  Grand  Finals  in  the  free-for-all, 


other  entries  having  been  eliminated. 

The  first  pair  in  final  pull:  owned  by 
Willis  Streeter  of  Ashfield,  driyen  by 
John  Guilford.  A  gee-haw  and — -snap 
goes  the  yoke!  The  second  pair:  owned 
by  Charles  Thayer  of  Cummington, 
driven  by  John  Guilford.  Another  gee- 
haw,  another  “snap,”  and  another 
broken  yoke!  Dilemma:  officials  in  a 
huddle  and  decision  finally  made  to 
award  the  prize  on  the  basis  of  dis¬ 
tance  pulled  when  yokes  broke. 

“It  never  happened  before,  and  I  bet 
it  never  will  again,”  declared  A1  Lom¬ 
bard,  veteran  State  Fair  Secretary  and 
well-known  farm  fair  booster.  “Truly 
it  could  happen  only  once  in  a  life¬ 
time.” 

—a.  a. — 

Poultry  Booster  Prizes 

The  New  England  Fresh  Egg  Insti¬ 
tute  offers  $50  in  prizes  to  find  out  the 
best  methods  being  used  to  increase 
the  consumption  of  poultry  meat. 

$15  to  the  author  of  the  best  story 
on  “ Retail  Store  Methods  of  Increasing 
Sales  of  Poultry.” 

$15  to  the  author  of  the  best  story 
on  “Restaurant  Methods  of  Increasing 
Sales  of  Poultry.” 

$10  to  the  author  of  the  best  story 
on  “How  a  Producer  Increased  Sales 
of  Poultry  Direct  to  Consumer.” 

$10  to  the  producer  who  did  the  job. 

Stories  published  in  any  farm,  poul¬ 
try,  or  food  magazine  during  1941  will 
be  eligible  for  the  prizes.  The  decid¬ 
ing  factor  in  the  awards  will  be  what 
story  gives  the  plan  or  method  which 
will  help  most  to  increase  the  consump¬ 
tion  of  poultry.  Judges  will  be  a  re¬ 
tailer,  a  restaurant  man,  and  a  poultry- 
man  to  be  announced  January  1st. 

The  donor  of  the  prize  money  will  be 
announced  with  the  prizes. 

— a.  a. — 

Sheep  Ferry 

Down  along  the  rugged  coast  of  Es¬ 
sex  County,  Massachusetts,  they  call  it 
the  “Sheep  Ferry.”  “How  many  have 
you  got  aboard?”  they  asked  Skipper 
Richard  Garrett  when  he  nosed  his  40 
foot  boat  into  the  wharf  on  the  Ips¬ 
wich  shore  one  brisk  morning  last 
fall.  “Thirty  head,”  was  his  prompt 
reply.  And  there  they  were — thirty 
head  of  grade  Delane,  Dorset  and 
Hampshire  sheep,  the  first  load  of  the 
shipment  of  79  being  brought  from 
Choate  Island,  off  Essex  River  Harbor, 
to  the  Castle  Hill  Farms  of  Cornelius 
Crane. 

This  new  venture,  supervised  by  Les¬ 
ter  T.  Tompkins,  Director  of  the  Di¬ 
vision  of  Dairy  and  Animal  Husbandry 
of  the  Mass.  Dept,  of  Agriculture,  to 
promote  the  sheep  industry  in  the 
state,  takes  advantage  of  uninhabited, 
dogless  Choate  Island  as  an  ideal  graz¬ 
ing  ground.  The  animals  were  ferried 
out  last  spring  and  are  now  back  in 
winter  quarters. 

Shepherding  them  on  and  off  the 
boat  is  comparatively  easy,  according 
to  Mr.  Tompkins.  “We  built  a  gang 
plank  runway,”  he  said,  “just  wide 
enough  for  one  sheep;  got  one  started 
on  and,  true  to  their  follow-the-leader 
instinct,  the  rest  trooped  quietly  aboard. 
They  seemed  to  enjoy  the  trip,  too,”  he 
added,  “hardly  a  bleat  out  of  them  on 
the  three  mile  ride.”  Plan  is  for  bigger 
operations  next  year,  including  not  only 
a  good-sized  flock  of  sheep  but  also 
other  livestock. — W.  E.  Piper. 

—  A.  A. — 

Maine  Pasture  Practices 

Dairymen  in  Maine  are  increasing 
their  acreage  of  Ladino  clover  for  this 
year’s  feeding,  because  of  the’ success 
they  have  had  with  it  in  the  last  year 
or  more.  The  President  of  the  Andro- 
scoggin-Sagadahoc  Farm  Bureau,  R. 

E.  Keene,  Hebron,  has  about  100  head 
of  dairy  cows,  and  because  of  his  suc¬ 
cess  with  winter  rye,  will  plant  more 
for  fall  feed.  Last  September  he  plant-  ^ 


It  Pays  to  Advertise 

At  a  farm  home  in  Kennebec 
County,  Maine,  the  making  of 
cheese  has  been  a  project  for 
some  years.  It  got  started  on 
quite  a  scale  in  a  funny  way. 
Callers  asked  one  day  if  the  lady 
of  the  house  had  some  cheese  to 
sell.  They  bought  some  at  50 
cents  a  pound.  Shortly  afterward 
another  visitor  came  and  asked 
for  cheese.  The  question  was  ask¬ 
ed,  “How  did  you  know  we  had 
cheese  to  sell?”  The  answer 
was,  “Why,  you  have  a  sign  out¬ 
side  that  says  so.”  Investigation 
showed  that  the  children  had 
made  a  sign  “Cheese  for  Sale” 
and  posted  it  without  the  knowl¬ 
edge  of  their  mother.  A  brisk 
business  in  the  selling  of  cheese 
ensued. — V.  W.  Canham. 


ed  about  an  acre  and  half,  and  he  fed 
17  cows  with  good  results.  They  ate 
the  grass  clean,  even  cleaning  up  the 
weeds.  Another  Maine  dairyman, 
James  E.  Chadburne  at  North  Bridge- 
ton,  planted  about  an  acre  of  land 
April  10,  1941,  and  harvested  200  bush¬ 
els  of  peas.  On  June  30  he  planted  snap 
beans  and  grew  300  bushels.  In  Sep¬ 
tember  he  planted  winter  rye  on  the 
same  ground,  and  when  it  was  about 
a  foot  and  a  half  high,  he  *  turned  in 
two  dairy  cows  and  eleven  beef  ani¬ 
mals.  Not  only  did  they  get  excellent 
pasturage,  but  they  were  in  better  flesh 
than  usual.  He  believes  there  is  a  good 
chance  in  Maine  to  get  a  good  feed  of 
rye  in  the  spring  and  again  in  the  fall. 

— A.  A.— 

Aroostook  Livestock  Association  —  To 

increase  interest  and  to  provide  service 
for  growers  of  livestock,  the  Aroostook 
Livestock  Association  has  been  form¬ 
ed.  Farmers  will  be  contacted,  and  it 
has  already  been  found  that  a  great 
many  farmers  in  the  county  are  inter¬ 
ested  in  livestock  as  well  as  potatoes. 
Edwin  Parkhirst  of  Presque  Isle  is 
President.  Others  interested  are :  Clay¬ 
ton  Turner,  Harry  Umphrey,  P.  P.  Cyr, 
Lee  Good,  Fred  Peterson,  Fred  Doyle, 
Jacob  Etscovitz. 


Hartford  County,  Con¬ 


necticut,  Facts 

Among  Connecticut  counties : 

Hartford  County  has  most  miles 
of  hard-surfaced  roads. 

Has  most  farm  homes  with  elec¬ 
tric  lights. 

Has  most  farm  homes  with  tele¬ 
phones. 

Ranks  first  in  value  of  imple¬ 
ments  and  machinery  used— 
24.3%  of  the  state.  j 

Has  more  farms  than  other  Con¬ 
necticut  counties. 

Has  more  farms  free  of  mort¬ 
gages  than  other  counties. 

Ranks  third  in  acres  of  farm  land. 

Ranks  first  in  tobacco — 95%  of 
state. 

Ranks  first  in  bushels  of  peaches 
— 45%  of  state. 

Ranks  first  in  potatoes — 36.8% 
of  state. 

Ranks  second  in  bushels  of  ap¬ 
ples — 23%  of  state. 

Ranks  second  in  vegetable  acre¬ 
age. 

Ranks  first  in  acres  of  crop  land 


harvested. 

Ranks  first  in  number  of  cows 
and  heifers  two  years  old  and 
over. 

Ranks  first  in  swine. 

Ranks  second  in  chickens. 

Ranks  third  in  turkeys. 

Ranks  first  in  corn.  _  _ 


ENLIST  VETERAN  BEE  MAN 


By  CLIFFORD  B.  KNIGHT. 

A  VETERAN  bee 
man,  Edward 
Stevens  Andrus,  of  || 

Litchfield,  Conn., 
who  is  92  years 
old,  has  been  en¬ 
rolled  in  the  cam¬ 
paign  of  the  Con¬ 
necticut  Beekeep¬ 
ers  Association  in 
its  campaign  to 
prevent  the  de¬ 
struction  of  bees 
in  this  state  by 
poison. 

Claude  L.  Yates 
of  Hartford,  seen 
at  the  left  of  Mr. 

Andrus,  is  presi¬ 
dent  of  the  asso¬ 
ciation,  and  when 
he  visited  Mr.  An¬ 
drus  at  his  home 
he  obtained  im¬ 
mediate  promise  of 
full  and  complete 
cooperation  of  the 
elderly  bee  man, 
who  by  the  way, 
was  first  president 
of  the  association. 

The  problem  of  bee  poisoning,  it  is  explained  by  Mr.  Yates,  arises  from  spray¬ 
ing  where  bees  obtain  their  nectar.  The  association  at  its  50th  annual 
spring  convention  created  a  committee  to  take  measures  toward  correcting 
this  serious  situation. 


geared 


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CHlCK  STARTS. 
h?  Toiler  raH0^ 


Clu  »  1 Ur*CTV/«lO  '®*  £o. 

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Boston,  mass 


«ABY  CHICK 

STARTER 


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BOSTON.  MAS* 


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Fed  to  chicks  when  the 
scratch-and-mash  sys¬ 
tem  is  followed.  May 
be  used  as  a  starter 
for  complete  ration 
system. 


SPECIAL 

BROILER 

feed 


Cu.  ,ACTU*l° rO*  * 

«*.  H*S.  M.cox®1'*; 
Boston,  mass* 


Supplies  all  the  feed 
needed  by  chicks.  It  is  a 
dependable  starter  and 
an  efficient  broiler  feed. 


Ask  your  Wirthmore  dealer  for 
new  leaflet  giving  full  feeding 
directions  and  other  details. 


CHICK 

to  today's  requirements 

L  ONG  BEFORE  war-time  scarcity  of  certain  ingredients  commonly  used 
in  chick  rations  gave  promise  of  reaching  an  acute  stage,  WIRTHMORE 
research  was  working  "full  steam  ahead”  on  ways  and  means  to  secure 
better  and  more  economical  sources  of  the  indispensable  factors  which 
these  ingredients  contain* 

A  YEAR  AGO,  after  a  long  period  of  careful  testing,  two  major  improve¬ 
ments  were  made  in  certain  Wirthmore  poultry  mashes: 

£  Use  of  D-Activated  Animal  Sterol — an  effective,  economical  and  dom¬ 
estically  produced  form  of  vitamin  D  to  supplement  but  not  entirely 
replace  vitamin  A  and  D  feeding  oil  as  a  dependable  source  of 
vitamin  D. 

0  Use  of  Riboflavin  Supplement  (formerly  called  Flavin  Concentrate!  — 
to  supplement  but  not  entirely  replace  older  sources  of  flavin,  such  as 
milk  by-products  and  alfalfa  meal.  The  Riboflavin  Supplement  used  in 
Wirthmore  is  five  times  as  rich  in  flavin  as  dried  whey  or  dried  skimmed 
milk. 

BOTH  OF  THESE  INGREDIENTS  are  used  in  all  three  WIRTHMORE 
chick  rations  for  ’42,  together  with  vitamin  A  and  D  feeding  oil,  dried 
whey  and  dried  skimmed  milk.  Again,  this  season,  select  the  Wirthmore 
chick  ration  of  your  choice  with  full  assurance  that  it  will  supply  all 
known  nutritive  requirements  of  baby  chicks  safely ,  fully  and  thriftily « 


Fed  to  broilers,  roast¬ 
ing  chickens  and  ca¬ 
pons.  Not  recommend¬ 
ed  for  chicks  to  be 
kept  as  layers. 


THREE  SPECIALIZED  CHICK  RATIONS  FOR  1942 


(18)  IS 


DIBBLE’S  farm  Seed  Facts  for  1941 


Farmers  are  preparing  to  produce  in  1942  the  biggest  supply 

of  foods  in  our  history - of  milk,  eggs,  meats,  vegetables  and 

other  foods.  National  Production  Goals  have  already  been  set 
up.  More  seed  will  be  needed.  Shortages  in  dependable  seeds 
are  already  impending.  Prices  will  undoubtedly  be  higher. 
And  as  always  under  such  circumstances,  some  seed  will  be 
offered,  of  inferior  quality! 

Dibble’s  1942  catalog  gives  you  the  facts  on  the  farm  seed 
situation,  and  offers  you  the  highest  quality  seed  that  money 
can  buy. 

Your  name  and  address  on  a  lc  postal  will  bring  this  book  — 
by  return  mail  —  FREE.  Write  Box  C. 


EDWARD  F. DIBBLE  SEEDGROWER-H  oneoye  Falls-M-V- 


•HARRIS  SUDS- 

BEST  FOR  THE  NORTH 

We  specialize  in  Browing  the  best  early  strains  for  growers 
whose  seasons  are  short, 

SWEET  CORN  PEPPERS  SQUASH 

MUSKMELONS  TOMATOES  BEETS,  Etc. 

Our  varieties  are  noted  everywhere  for  earliness,  superior  quality 
and  best  yields. 

All  of  the  finest  varieties  of  vegetables  and  flowers  are  described 
and  illustrated  in  our  1942  catalogue.  Send  for  Your  Free  Copy 
today  and  order  by  mail  direct  from  our  Seed  Farms. 

If  you  grow  for  market,  ask  for  the  Market 
Gardeners  and  Florists  Price  List. 

JOSEPH  HARRIS  CO.,  Inc  ,26  Moreton  Farm,  Rochester,  N.Y. 

■1042  catalog  now/imdiji-— 


NO  “FISH  STORIES” 
HERE 

Advertisers  in  American 

AGRICULTURIST  know  that  it 
doesn’t  pay  to  tell  “fish  stories” 
about  the  products  they  sell.  Only 
advertisements  of  dependable  manu¬ 
facturers  are  accepted  for  publi¬ 
cation.  The  advertising  policy  of 
AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 
safeguards  your  dollars.  Ads.  ap¬ 
pearing  in  AMERICAN  AGRICUL¬ 
TURIST  are  guaranteed.  To  take 
advantage  of  this  guarantee,  you 
must  say  you  saw  the  ad.  in  AM¬ 
ERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  when 
writing  advertisers. 


FINEST 


FOR  47  YRS. 


For  better  crops,  bigger 
yields  try  GROWMORE 
Selected  and  Adapted  Seeds — 
famous  for  QUALITY  since 
1895.  We  offer  only  the  best, 
hardy.  Northern  grown  alfalfas, 
clovers,  oats,  corn,  barley,  pas¬ 
ture  mixtures,  special  grasses, 
etc.  —  approved,  recommended 
varieties — all  tested,  tried  and 
true  to  name.  Write  for  name 
of  nearest  GROWMORE  repre¬ 
sentative. 

GARDNER  SEED  CO.,  Inc. 
39  Spencer  St.,  Rochester,  N.Y. 


The  Choice  of Progressive  Farmers 


19  4  2  Vegetable  and  Flower  SEED  CATALOG 

Robson  Tested  vegetable  and  flower  seeds 
are  bred  for  quality  and  vigor.  They  will 
please  you.  Send  today  for  your  copy  of 
our  1942  illustrated  catalog. 

ROBSON  SEED  FARMS. 

Box  35,  44  all,  N.  Y. 


you  re 
moving 


you  will  want  the  address  on 
your  paper  changed.  On  a  postal 
card  or  by  letter  write  us  your 
old  and  your  new  address. 

CIRCULATION  DEPARTMENT, 

10  North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 

GOOD  EATING 

( Continued  from  Page  15) 


tomatoes,  and  the  newer  methods  of 
training  tomatoes. 

Marketing  Moves  Ahead 

Many  farmers  still  bring  a  few 
baskets  of  tomatoes,  a  few  boxes  of 
cabbage;  a  few  bags  of  potatoes  to 
market  each  week,  but  the  way  is  con¬ 
stantly  harder  for  the  small  scale,  ir¬ 
regular  marketers.  Methods  of  hand¬ 
ling  and' selling  are  changing  fast.  No¬ 
body  wants  dirty  vegetables,  so  that 
washers  and  brushers  are  increasingly 
common.  There  are  enough  well 
graded  vegetables  on  our  markets  to 
meet  the  major  needs,  and  consumers 
are  learning  that  there  is  little  economy 
in  buying  vegetables  that  must  lose  a 
lot  in  trimming  and  cutting  away. 

The  practice  of  empty  packages  be¬ 
ing  returned  to  the  grower  who  pack¬ 
ed  them  is  about  over,  although  many 
old  crates  and  baskets  are  used.  Good, 
clean,  used  containers  have  a  place 
and  will  have  for  a  long  time,  but  the 
number  of  producers  that  pack  in  new 
packages  and  who  grade  and  label  is 
growing  from  year  to  year,  even 
though  it  costs  money.  A  larger  pro¬ 
portion  of  the  trade  each  year  is  turn¬ 
ing  to  those  who  are  able  and  willing 
to  follow  these  more  modern  practices. 
The  bagging  of  potatoes  and  onions 
for  the  consumer  becomes  more  com¬ 
mon  each  season. 

Cooperation  Comes  Slowly 

Changes  in  selling  methods  come 
slowly.  Thousands  of  farmers  waste 
hours  and  hours  of  valuable  time  sell¬ 
ing,  rather  ineffectively,  small  quanti¬ 
ties  of  produce  on  city  markets.  Those 
who  have  fair  quantities  of  suitable 
quality  send  their  trucks  to  produce 
houses  at  shipping  points  or  terminal 
markets,  or  deliver  to  chains  or  to 
buyers  at  the  farm.  The  majority  of 
growers,  the  smaller  ones,  who  most 
need  cooperation  are  slow  to  join 
forces  with  one  another.  County  auc¬ 
tions  in  New  Jersey  and  elsewhere  have 
done  much  to  assemble  sizable  quan¬ 
tities  for  the  buyers.  Highly  develop¬ 
ed  packing  sheds  for  celery  and  toma¬ 
toes  are  now  common,  but  most  of 
them  belong  to  dealers.  Why  the 
Marietta,  Ohio,  plan  of  cooperative 
packing  houses  should  not  be  used  in 
the  Northeast  is  not  clear. 

Another  great  lack  among  vegetable 
men  is  their  sluggishness  in  building 
organizations  to  look  after  their  own 
interests.  Most  associations  are  “sit- 
and-listen”  clubs.  The  Boston  Market 
Gardeners  Association  is  promoting 
consumption  of  vegetables  effectively. 
A  number  of  associations  gke  good 
service  in  purchasing  supplies  and  in 
shipping.  The  Northeastern  Council 
of  Vegetable  and  Potato  Growers  is 
doing  a  good  job,  but  growers  who  at¬ 
tend  do  so  at  their  own  expense  and 
it  is  no  wonder  that  they  find  the  bur¬ 
den  expensive.  Such  a  body  has  end¬ 
less  opportunity  for  useful  service  in 
promoting  the  use  of  vegetables, 
standardizing  packages,  in  bettering 
distribution  relations,  and  in  other  di¬ 
rections.  Bad  retail  handling  is  one  of 
our  worst  bottle-necks  in  vegetable 
marketing,  and  cooperation  between 
growers  and  storekeepers  would  do 
much  to  improve  this  situation. 

Nutritionists  Say  Americans  eat  only 
half  as  many  vegetables  as  a  good  diet 
demands.  For  the  man  who  can  pro¬ 
duce  quality,  who  can  market  effec¬ 
tively,  and  who  can  keep  costs  down, 
there  is  room  for  growth  in  this  North¬ 
eastern  territory  where  good  land,  good 
climate,  and  millions  of  consumers  are 
close  together.  It  is  interesting  to 
note  that  a  price  index  for  vegetables 
for  the  past  few  years  has  stood  well 
above  that  of  any  other  crop  group 
in  spite  of  the  fact  that  artificial  crop 
and  price  control  makers  have  played 


a  comparatively  small  part  in  the 
business. 

While  the  vegetable  business  is  high¬ 
ly  competitive  and  largely  self-adjust¬ 
ing,  we  may  expect  that  there  will  still 
be  plenty  of  opportunity  for  develop¬ 
ment  of  production  near  our  markets, 
and  there  will  still  be  plenty  of  busi¬ 
ness  left  for  the  distant  growers  who 
ship  during  our  off-season. 

— a.  a. — 

Plowing  Under  Fertilizer 

In  the  July  issue  of  Farm  Research, 
Dr.  Charles  Sayre  of  the  Geneva,  New 
York,  Experiment  Station,  gives  some 
interesting  comments  on  the  use  of 
fertilizer.  First,  Dr.  Sayre  points  out 
that  broadcasting  lime  or  fertilizer  and 
discing  it  in  rarely  covers  it  to  a 
depth  of  more  than  two  inches.  This 
top  two  inches  of  soil  is  usually  too 
dry  for  roots  to  thrive  and  besides 
that,  roots  in  this  area  are  being  con¬ 
tinually  cut  off  by  cultivation. 

“For  two  years,”  says  Dr.  Sayre, 
“the  New  Jersey  Experiment  Station 
has  recommended  that  fertilizer  be 
plowed  under  for  tomatoes,  and  the 
Indiana  Experiment  Station  has  shown 
increased  yields  of  corn  where  fertiliz¬ 
er  was  plowed  under.” 

Last  year  at  Geneva  this  method 
was  tried  on  fertilizer  and  an  increase 
in  yields  was  obtained  where  fertilizer 
was  plowed  under  as  compared  to 
where  it  was  broadcast  and  disced  in. 

While  it  does  not  provide  enough 
fertilizer  to  grow  a  big  crop,  an  in¬ 
crease  in  yield  was  secured  by  the  use 
of  a  starter  solution.  Eight  pounds  of 
a  soluble  fertilizer  analyzing  11-32-14 
was  mixed  in  50  gallons  of  water  and 
about  one-fourth  pint  of  this  solution 
was  used  around  each  plant  when  set. 

Where  fertilizer  is  applied  in  bands 
on  each  side  of  the  row,  it  is  recom¬ 
mended  that  the  fertilizer  be  put  in  at 
least  four  inches  deep. 

—  A.  A. — 

Electric  Lights  for  Hotbed 
Heat 

Porter  and  Odland  of  the  University 
of  Connecticut  have  been  working  with 
the  local  utility  investigating  the  use 
of  25-watt  lamps  for  heating  hotbeds. 
The  Osborne  Prison  Farm  grew  20,000 
plants  for  20  acres  by  this  method. 
The  bulb  method  was  found  to  carry 
lower  cost  than  either  electric  cable  or 
manure.  The  lights  are  mounted  with 
8  under  each  3x6  foot  sash.  Thermo¬ 
stat  control  is  used.  With  heat  from 
above,  it  is  claimed  that  keeping  the 
soil  surface  drier  is  less  favorable  for 
disease  than  if  the  heat  is  from  below. 
Workers  also  think  that  having  the  air 
a  little  warmer  and  the  soil  a  little 
cooler  is  desirable. — P.  Work. 

— a.  a. — 

Fruit  Growing — A  Century 
of  Progress 

( Continued  from  Page  14) 
bright.  The  period  of  “booms”  is  past. 
The  present  depression  in  the  indus¬ 
try  is  largely  due  to  over  planting  a^id 
speculation.  Fruit  growing  is  now  a 
more  steady  and  reliable  branch  of 
agriculture  than  it  has  ever  been  be¬ 
fore.  The  relations  of  hardy  fruits  to 
sub-tropical  fruits  in  domestic  econ¬ 
omy  are  established.  Cold  storage,  can¬ 
ning,  quick  freezing,  and  the  remark¬ 
able  demand  for  various  fruit  juices 
are  greatly  stimulating  consumption. 
After  the  war  there  will  be  better  mar¬ 
kets  abroad.  New  and  better  varieties 
of  all  fruits  are  being  introduced  year¬ 
ly.  These  factors,  with  lower  costs  in 
production,  insure  a  prosperous  future. 
At  the  same  time,  fruit  growing  is,  as 
ever,  “an  elegant  branch  of  agricul¬ 
ture”  for  those  who  till  the  soil  be¬ 
cause  they  love  it. 


% 


* 


Tractors  Seem  Bigger,  plow  extra  acres,  with  Case 
Centennial  plow  because  it  pulls  easier.  Rudder-action 
rear  wheel  with  quick  adjustment  for  any  {condition 
carries  landside  pressure,  prevents  landside  friction, 
permits  faster  travel  or  wider  cut.  Shown  here  with 
Case  “SC”  tractor  at  work  near  Marlboro,  Mass. 


ATrartorlikelMs 

Built  for  the  New  Future  in  Farming 


* 

end  S?"  Pept.  A-6.  I 
!  ^'Priced  oks  < 

isatss^- 

'**”  c»>"'  SS  &■„, 


Centennial 

\  Jubilee  L 

X  1942  X 


machinos  I 
■®cjmeter  Gro 
e.°s'on  Corn  , 


Hundred  Years  Service  to  Agriculture 


t  Facing  a  future  full  of  new  problems  . . .  and 
new  promise  for  farmers  who  can  solve  them 
. . .  you  can  be  sure  of  one  thing.  Whatever 
changes  may  come  in  crops  and  conditions, 
you  can  meet  them  better  if  you  are  ready 
with  farmpower  that  is  fast,  flexible,  economical 
and  durable. 

Long  life  is  doubly  important  in  the  tractor  you 
get  now,  because  nobody  can  tell  how  many  years 
you  may  have  to  use  it,  nor  how  much  it  may  cost 
you  to  replace  it.  Economy,  not  only  of  operation 
but  of  long-time  upkeep,  is  essential  because  no¬ 
body  knows  whether  money  will  be  plentiful  or 
scarce  in  the  years  ahead. 

Your  best  guarantee  of  long  life  and  economy 
in  the  tractor  you  buy  is  the  experience  back  of  it. 
Every  Case  tractor  is  backed  by  experience  that 
began  50  years  ago  when  Case  pioneered  the  devel¬ 
opment  of  the  world’s  first  gas  tractor  . . .  plus  ex¬ 
perience  in  building  steam  farmpower  that  dates 
back  more  than  70  years  . . .  plus  100  years’  experi¬ 
ence  in  making  farm  machines  and  implements. 


Take  the  wheel  of  one  of  the  new  Case  tractors— 
say  the  full  2-plow  "SC”  shown  above  cultivating 
tomatoes  near  Lockport,  N.  Y.  See  how  easy,  yet 
how  fast  it  steers  . . .  how  it  takes  full  load  around 
short  turns.  Notice  how  the  deep  cushioned  seat, 
the  safety  foot  rests,  and  all  the  controls  are  ar¬ 
ranged  to  fit  your  natural  position  and  motions  . . . 
how  you  still  feel  fresh  after  more  acres  in  a  day 
than  you  ever  thought  possible  with  tractor  and 
implements  of  2-plow  rating.  Sense  the  eager 
surge  of  power  that  purrs  and  pulls  alike  at  full 
speed  or  throttled  down  below  half-speed. 

.  One  of  the  three  styles  and  four  sizes  of  these 
Golden  Anniversary  tractors  will  fit  your  farm,  fit 
you  for  farming  of  the  future.  Naturally,  in  these 
times,  Case  durability  and  dependability  are  much 
in  demand.  It  will  be  wise  to  see  your  Case  dealer 
now  about  a  tractor,  or  any  machines  or  imple¬ 
ments  you  may  have  in  mind.  He  will  do  every¬ 
thing  in  his  power  to  arrange  delivery  according 
to  your  needs.  Use  his  service,  too,  for  keeping 
your  present  Case  equipment  in  first-class  shape. 


Non-Stop  Disking  tills  extra  acres  near  Lockport,  N.Y. 
Case  Power  Control  disk  harrow  angles  and  straightens 
on-the-go  with  trip-rope  control  from  tractor  seat.  Saves 
time,  fuel;  leaves  headlands  level,  sod  strips  uncut. 


Man  Tends  More  Trees  with  fast,  compact  Case 
“DO”  3-plow  orchard  tractor.  Has  special  low  gear 
for  non-stop  spraying.  Other  orchard  tractors  by  Case 
are  the  full  two-plow  “SO”  and  1-2  plow  “VO.” 


A  Century  of  Experience 

In  1842  Jerome  I.  Case,  a  young 
man  from  Oswego  County,  N.  Y., 
started  to  build  machines  for  mak¬ 
ing  farm  work  easier,  farm  earn¬ 
ings  better.  See  how  a  century  of 
experience  now  offers  you  a  full 
line  of  farmpower  and  machines 
that  are  stronger,  simpler,  faster 
working,  easier  to  operate,  and 
longer  lived. 


Fewer  Weeds,  More  Grain  when  every  seed  has  its 
chance.  Case  steel  drill  with  Seedmeter,  the  most  accur¬ 
ate  seeding  mechanism  made,  is  shown  here  with  low- 
priced  Case  “VC,”  the  better-built  1-2  plow  tractor. 


(20)  20 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  -194J2 


MILK  PRICES  UP 

Government  Asks  for  More 
Production  from  the 
Nations  Daii 


WuK>t  (inlii, 
Of 


l/j  ,  • 

jp  JP*&t  fnlf- 


» 


FREE 
COW  BOOK 

Send  for  free  32-page  treat¬ 
ise  on  Cow  ailments,  “Home 
Ads  to  Cow  Health.”  Fully 
illustrated  and  edited  by  an 
eminent  veterinarian.  A  book 
you  will  want  to  keep  on 
hand  through  the  year. 


Kow-Kare  Conditioning  Pays, 
say  the  Men  Who  Know 

Pick  out  the  successful  dairymen  all  around  you  and 
you’ll  probably  find  that  their  cows  on  heavy  feed  are 
receiving  special  medicinal  conditioning  to  enable  them 
to  convertlarge  feed  rations  into  milk,  without  ruinous 
breakdowns.  Many  of  them  are  Kow-Kare  feeders, 
who  rely  on  the  balanced  Iron-Iodine  blend  and  me¬ 
dicinal  ingredients  to  keep  digestion  and  assimilation 
strong  and  regular  under  heavy  milk-making  burdens. 
Few  dairy  cows  so  aided  become  the  prey  of  costly 
disorders  or  experience  ruinous  ailments  at  calving 


BE  SATISFIED 

In  remodelling  or  repairing  your 
home  be  sure  to  use  reliable  equip¬ 
ment  and  good  materials.  Patron¬ 
ize  American  Agriculturist  advertis¬ 
ers  and  you  will  be  satisfied. 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 


Dandy  139-Acre  Farm;  Equipped 

100  loamy  acres  for  money-making  crops,  pasture  water¬ 
ed  by  brook  and  2  springs,  400  sugar  maples  and  equip¬ 
ment;  good  9  rms,  50-ft.  barn  with  leanto,  other  bldgs; 
aged  owner’s  low  price,  $3950,  terms,  including  team, 
12  cows,.  3  yearlings,  gas  engine,  buzz  saw,  cultivators, 
etc.,  etc.  Photo  pg.  20  big  Free  catalog  1290  bar¬ 
gains  many  States. 

STROUT  REALTY  255-R  4th  Ave.,  New  York  City. 


MAIN  ROAD  DAIRY  FARM 

On  Route  No.  180  near  Lafargeville,  N.  Y. ,  with  all 
community  services.  Grade  B.  milk  and  roadside  mar¬ 
kets  available.  11-room  house  with  bath,  furnace  and 
elec.  Dairy  barn  with  2S-cow  stable;  34x80  storage  barn 
and  other  necessary  buildings.  190  acres.  150  produc¬ 
tive  tillage,  balance  pasture  and  woods.  $8500. 
FEDERAL  LAND  BANK,  SPRINGFIELD.  MASS. 


\rsayiors 

MEDICATED 

Teat  Dilators 


Easy  to 
Insert- 
Stay  in 
the  Teat 


Sale  and  Dependable  Treatment 
for  Spider  Teat,  Scab  Teats,  Cut 
and  Bruised  Teats,  Obstructions. 

Dr.  Naylor  Dilators  furnish  soft,  com¬ 
fortable  protection  to  the  injured 
ining  and  keep  teat  canal  open  in 
its  natural  shape  while  tissues  heal. 

They  have  a  deep,  yielding  sur¬ 
face  of  soft  absorbent  texture  which 
fits  either  large  or  small  teats  with¬ 
out  overstretching  or  tearing  and 
which  carries  the  medication  INTO 
teat  canal  to  seat  of  the  trouble. 

The  Only  Soft  Surface  Dilators 

Medicated — Packed  in 
Antiseptic  Ointment 

Large  Pkg . $1.00 

Trial  Pkg . 50 


H.  W.  Naylor  Co.,  Morris,  N.Y. 

Dr.  Naylor  Products  will  be  mailed  postpaid  if 
your  local  feed  or  drug  store  cannot  supply  you. 


MARTIN  STEEL  PRODUCTS  CORP. 

Pioneer  Manufacturers  of  Metal  Farm  Buildings 


Fords  Portable  Ham- 
mermill  Operators 
now  "cashing  in"  on 
steadily  increasing  nation-wide  demand  for  cus¬ 
tom-mixed  feeds  on  farmers'  own  premises.  Only 
Fords  equipment  performs  all  three  optional  ser¬ 
vices:  straight-grinding,  mixing  with  supplements, 
and  “sweet  feed”  production  by  exclusive  Molasses 
Impregnator.  Positively  no  delay  for  mixing.  25% 
down,  balance  from  earnings.  Investigate  todav. 
Myers-Sherman  Co.,  1221  E.  12th  St..  Streator.  III. 


Conform  your  farm  building  pro¬ 
gram  to  the  profit-making  trends  of 
modern  Poultry  and  Livestock  Hus¬ 
bandry.  MARTIN  ALL  STEEL  FARM 
BUILDINGS  give  you  the  farm  of 
tomorrow  —  TODAY.  Designed  for 
modern,  more  efficient  methods. 
Learn  about  the  modern  dairy  farm 
system  —  the  one-story  barn;  the 
Ventilated  Haymaker;  the  chopping 
of  hay  and  bedding;  and  how  it 
effects  a  substantial  decrease  in 
cost  of  milk  production. 

Before  you  build,  you  will  want  a 
copy  of  our  new  illustrated  litera¬ 
ture.  Sent  FREE  on  request.  Indi¬ 
cate  buildings  you  are  interested  in. 

□  One-Story  Bam  □  Silo 

□  Haymaker  □  Hog  Houses 

□  Poultry  Buildings 

i  O  Corn  and  Grain  Storage 


L4°2  Longvi.w  Ave.,  MANSFIELD,  OHIO 


f) y_  .  /T  .  y  in  Civilian 

M 044/1  I*G/I4s  Defense 


SINCE  December  7th,  when  Japaji 
stabbed  America  in  thef  back  at 
Pearl  Harbor,  every  American  has  been 
wondering  what  he  or  she  can  do  to 
help  our  country  in  its  time  of  need. 
To  prevent  confusion  and  duplication 
of  activities,  and  to  make  the  most  of 
our  combined  talents,  skills;  and  moral 
strength,  the  governments  of  various 
States  are  setting  up  special  Civilian 
Defense  Volunteer  offices,  which  will 
act  as  clearing  houses  both  for  the 
individuals  who  want  to  serve,  and  for 
the  organizations  which  can  train 
them  to  be  of  the  greatest  help. 

In  New  York  State,  for  example, 
Governor  Lehman  has  asked  that  every 
man  and  woman  go  at  once  to  their 
local  Volunteer  Office  and  register- 
register  your  name,  and  what  you  can 
now  do,  and  what  you  are  willing  to 
learn  how  to  do.  If  no  Volunteer  Office 
exists  in  your  community,  you  are  ask- 
ed  to  get  in  touch  with  your  local  De- 
fense  Council  and  urge  it  to  set  up  a 
Volunteer  Office  at  once.  Get  your 
friends  and  neighbors  to  do  likewise. 

Jobs  to  Be  Done 

One  of  the  things  being  pointed  out 
by  Civilian  Defense  authorities  is  that 
there  is  a  job  for  everyone.  If  you 
are  a  farm  woman  with  a  large  family, 
your  job  will  be  to  help  to  raise  more 
food,  and  to  do  an  even  better  job  than 
you  have  been  doing  of  feeding  your 
family,  for  good  nutrition  is  one  of  the 
keys  to  victory.  You  can  strengthen 
your  home  and  your  country  by  learn¬ 
ing  how  to  plan  better  meals,  how  to 
cook  foods  so  as  to  conserve  vitamins 
and  minerals,  and  perhaps  by  taking  a 
Red  Cross  course  in  home  nursing. 
Doctors  and  nurses  may  become  scarce 
before  this  war  is  over,  and  it  will  pay 
every  woman  to  be  able  to  care  for 
her  own  family,  and  perhaps  for  others. 

If  home  duties  do  not  take  all  of 
your  time  and  strength,  there  are  many 
interesting  and  vital  things  you  can  do 
for  Uncle  Sam.  Besides  short  courses 
in  first  aid  and  home  nursing,  training 
is  now  being  given  along  many  other 
lines:  canteen  work,  nutrition,  motor 
mechanics  (for  women  as  well  as 
men) ;  child  care,  mass  feeding,  teleg¬ 
raphy,  nurse’s  aide.  For  men  there 
are  courses  which  will  prepare  them 
to  be  fire  fighters,  air-raid  wardens, 
and  special  auxiliary  police.  Blood 


donors  are  also  wanted.  Eventually, 
as  more  and  more  men  are  called  to 
the  colors,  women  will  be  needed  to 
take  their  places  in  factories,  and 
special  training  will  be  available  for 
such  women.  On  farms,  too,  more 
women  laborers  will  be  needed. 

One  great  need  right  now  is  for 
women,  who  can  contribute  their  time 

’  1  "  -  *  ■  "  ““ 

Important  Notice ! 

A.  A.’s  Mexico  -  West 
Coast  Tour  Cancelled 

E  ARE  sorry  to  have  to  an¬ 
nounce  that  we  have  had  to 
cancel  all  plans  for  our  West 
Coast-Mexico  Tour,  announced 
on  page  1  of  our  December  6  is¬ 
sue.  Because  of  the  great  war  ef¬ 
fort  in  which  this  country  is  now 
engaged,  and  also  because  travel 
on  the  West  Coast  may  become 
endangered  by  enemy  attacks, 
we  have  decided  that  it  would  be 
best  to  postpone  this  splendid 
tour  until  conditions  are  right 
again.  We  very  much  appreciate 
the  great  interest  which  many  of 
you  have  shown  in  this  trip,  and 
we  promise  that  we  will  again 
offer  you  a  chance  to  travel  with 
us  to  the  sunny  West  and  to  his¬ 
toric  Mexico  when  the  war  is 
over.  | 

l  —  —  —  -  -  iii 

and  services,  to  train  as  nurses’  aides. 
These  volunteer  nurses  will  wear  uni¬ 
forms,  and  will  be  used  in  the  front 
lines  and  assigned  with  doctors  to 
casualty  and  emergency  stations.  They 
will  also  be  used  right  where  they  live, 
to  help  fill  the  gap  caused  by  depar¬ 
ture  of  trained  local  nurses  to  join  the 
Red  Cross. 

Remember  that  the  very  first  step 
is  to  go  to  your  Civilian  Defense 
Volunteer  Office  and  register.  That 

office,  in  turn,  will  arrange  for  you  to 
get  the  training  you  need  to  be  of 
service,  or  will  connect  you  with  the 
organization  that  needs  skills  you  now 
have. 

Future  issues  of  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  will  carry  further  information 
about  Civilian  Defense  work  and  op¬ 
portunities  for  volunteers. 

(Note:  Read  editorial  —  “A  War 
Pledge  for  Every  Farmer  and  Farm 
Wife,”  on  page  4.) 


Plans  to  Help  Meet 
Farm  Machinery  Shortage 


FEW  PERSONS,  even  yet,  realize 
how  serious  the  farm  labor  problem 
will  be  during  the  coming  year,  and 
that  farmers  may  not  be  able  to  get 
new  machinery  with  which  to  meet  the 
labor  shortage.  It  is  estimated  that  in 
New  York  State  alone  farmers  were 
short  about  10,000  year  men  in  1941, 
as  a  result  of  the  defense  program. 
This  shortage  is  expected  to  be  much 
greater  in  1942,  for  the  farms  are  mak¬ 
ing  their  full  contribution  of  young 
men  and  women  to  the  army  and  navy 
and  to  the  defense  industries,  this  in 
addition  to  their  great  job  of  produc¬ 
ing  food  to  win  the  war.  To  make  the 
farm  machine  situation  worse,  country 
mechanics  and  machinery  service  men 
are  leaving  for  government  service  or 
for  defense  industries. 

If  farmers  are  to  maintain  the  pres¬ 
ent  agricultural  production,  to  say 
nothing  of  increasing  it,  they  will  have 


to  use  more  family  labor,  more  labor- 
saving  machinery,  and  keep  present 
machinery  in  better  mechanical  condi¬ 
tion.  Farm  machinery  manufacturers 
are  finding  it  impossible  to  get  any¬ 
where  near  enough  steel  and  other  ma¬ 
terial  to  meet  the  demand  for  farm 
machines.  Even  repair  parts  may  be 
scarce,  and  should  be  planned  for  and 
ordered  a  long  time  before  needed. 

To  help  meet  this  grave  situation, 
the  New  York  State  College  of  Agri¬ 
culture  is  organizing  community  repair 
clinics  to  be  held  during  the  winter 
months,  where  farmers  can  bring  their 
own  machinery  and  do  the  necessary 
overhauling  and  repair  work  under  the 
supervision  of  trained  men.  Field 
demonstrations  also  will  be  held  on  the 
repair,  operation  and  adjustment  of 
farm  machinery  used  for  such  opera¬ 
tions  as  plowing,  combining,  harvest- 
( Continued  on  Page  43) 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1042 


21  1214 


Fertilizer  for  Apples 

What  is  the  rule  in  deciding  how  much 
commercial  fertilizer  to  add  to  apple 
orchards? 

The  first  thing  to  do  is  to  study  the 
orchard.  If  the  growth  has  been  un¬ 
satisfactory  and  the  leaves  light  color¬ 
ed,  you  will  need  more  fertilizer  than 
you  will  if  there  has  been  a  vigorous 
growth. 

The  approximate  rule  is  to  use  about 
%  pound  of  a  good  nitrogen  carried  on 
one  and  two-year-old  trees;  from  y2 
to  1  pound  on  three-year-old  trees;* 
from  2  to  4  pounds  on  six-  to  ten-year- 
old  trees;  from  5  to  10  pounds  on  fif¬ 
teen-  to  thirty-year-old  trees. 

The  place  to  put  it,  of  course,  is  not 
right  next  to  the  trunk,  but  in  a  ring 
over  the  area  covered  by  the  outer 
branches.  The  fine  feeding  roots  are 
located  quite  a  distance  from  the  trunk 
of  the  tree. 

—a.  a. — 

New  Grass  Seeder 

We  heard  somewhere  about  a  grass 
seeder  attachment  for  a  cultipacker.  How 
does  this  work,  and  is  it  satisfactory? 

The  seeder  box  is  very  much  like  the 
one  usually  attached  to  a  drill.  It  is 
mounted  between  the  two  sections  of 
the  cultipacker.  As  the  first  section 
passes  over  the'  ground,  it  makes  small 
grooves  or  furrows.  The  seed  rattles 
into  these.  Then  the  second  section  of 
the  cultipacker  splits  these  ridges  and 
covers  the  seed.  The  advantage  is  that 
the  seed  is  not  covered  as  deeply  as  it 
is  when  it  is  supplied  with  a  seed  box 
on  a  drill.  The  result  is  a  better  stand, 
and  there  is  the  distinct  possibility  that 
a  good  stand  can  be  secured  with  con¬ 
siderably  less  seed.  We  have  heard 
this  mentioned  several  times,  always 
with  enthusiasm.  For  example,  County 
Agent  Ray  Bender  of  Essex  County, 
New  York,  tells  how  Bert  Patterson  of 
Willsboro  used  this  method  and  liked  it. 


are  dead,  they  can  be  cut  and  sodium 
arsenite  painted  on  the  stumps  just  as 
soon  as  they  are  cut  to  prevent  sprout¬ 
ing.  We  will  be  glad  to  give  more  de¬ 
tailed  information  to  those  who  are 
interested.  Address  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  Question  Box,  Box  367,  Ithaca, 
New  York. 

—  A.  A. — 

Spread  Manure  Promptly 

Is  well-rotted  manure  worth  as  much, 
ton  for  ton,  as  it  is  when  it  is  first  pro¬ 
duced? 

There  is  not  much  difference  in  the 
analysis.  However,  the  thing  many 
people  forget  is  that  it  takes  about 
two  tons  of  fresh  manure  to  make  one 
ton  of  well-rotted  manure.  This 
shrinkage  in  tonnage  is  where  the  loss 
occurs.  The  best  way  to  get  full  value 
from  farm  manure  is  to  spread  it  daily 
and  to  put  a  bag  of  superphosphate  on 
top  of  each  load. 

— a.  a. — 

Soybeans 

I  want  to  try  some  soybeans  next 
spring.  Are  they  a  hard  crop  to  grow? 

Soybeans  are  not  hard  to  grow  if 
certain  rules  are  followed.  Weeds  are 
the  most  serious  enemy  of  soybeans. 
You  must  control  them  if  you  expect 
a  crop.  First,  prepare  your  seed  bed 
carefully  by  harrowing  it  several  times. 
This  will  kill  a  lot  of  weeds.  Then  af¬ 
ter  the  soybeans  come  up,  you  can  use 
a  weeder,  a  spike-toothed  drag,  or  a 
rotary  hoe  until  the  beans  get  a  good 
start.  Sometimes  it  will  appear  that 
you  are  doing  a  lot  of  damage  to  the 
beans,  but  they  recover  quickly. 

Soybeans  will  grow  on  any  land  that 
will  grow  good  corn.  It  is  important 
to  inoculate  soybeans  unless  they  have 
recently  been  grown  on  the  field. 

— a.  a. — 

Taylor  Raspberry 


—  A.  A. — 

Alfalfa  in  Meadows 

I  would  like  to  mix  in  a  little  alfalfa 
with  my  grass  seed  next  year.  What  is 
the  right  amount  to  use? 

If  you  are  planning  to  use  about  ten 
quarts  of  grass  seed  to  the  acre,  you 
might  try  four  quarts  of  timothy,  one 
quart  of  alsike  clover,  two  quarts  of 
red  clover,  and  three  quarts  of  alfalfa. 
It  will  be  important  this  coming  year 
to  conserve  seed.  One  way  to  do  it  is 
to  fit  your  land  with  extra  care  and 
cut  down  the  amount  of  seed  used. 
There  is  a  new  implement  on  the  mar¬ 
ket  that  is  getting  some  attention.  It 
is  a  grass-seeding  box,  such  as  you 
usually  find  on  grain  drills,  which  is 
attached  between  the  two  sections  of 
a  cultipacker.  In  this  way  the  seed 
is  not  covered  too  deeply,  and  you  will 
get  a  much  higher  percentage  of 
stand,  thus  making  it  possible  to  use 
less  seed.  . 


What  can  you  tell  me  about  the  Taylor 
raspberry? 

The  New  York  State  Experiment 
Station  at  Geneva  reports  on  this  var¬ 
iety  about  as  follows.  It  ripens  a  day 
or  two  after  Latham  and  Marcy,  and  a 
considerable  number  of  growers  have 
reported  that  it  is  better  than  New¬ 
burgh  in  most  respects.  The  fruit  is 
large,  easy  to  pick,  of  good  color,  and 
with  no  crumbling.  However,  it  is  less 
firm  than  Newburgh.  Its  chief  advant¬ 
age  is  its  excellent  quality. 

— a.  a. — 

Kendall  Apple 

There  have  been  some  complaints  that 
the  flesh  of  the  Kendall  apple  has  a 
greenish  tinge.  Is  this  going  to  be  a  seri¬ 
ous  handicap  with  this  variety? 

Some  tests  have  shown  that  picking 
Kendalls  too  early  results  in  a  green¬ 
ish  tinge  in  the  flesh  which  disappears 
if  they  are  left  on  the  tree  a  little 
longer. 


— a.  a. — 


—  A.  A.  — 


...an  essentia/ 

AMERICAN  industry 


All  plant  life  depends  upon  potash  because  it  is 
one  of  the  necessary  plant  foods.  Prior  to  1914  scarcely 
any  potash  was  produced  in  this  country.  When  Euro¬ 
pean  supplies  were  cut  off  during  the  last  war,  the  price 
of  potash  increased  from  $35  to  as  high  as  $500  per 
ton,  and  in  most  cases  no  potash  at  any  price  was 
available.  Born  in  that  emergency,  an  American  potash 
industry  has  been  developed,  with  average  prices  now 
much  below  those  of  1914,  to  a  point  which  will  assure 
supplies  of  this  necessary  plant  food  in  the  United 
States,  its  possessions,  Canada,  and  Cuba.  Thus  does 
this  relatively  new  industry  take  a  front-line  position 
in  American  defense. 


AMERICAN  POTASH 

Incorporated 

1155  Sixteenth  St..  N.  W 


INSTITUTE 

Washington,  D.  C. 


LARGE  STOCK 


now — used  tractor  parts  for  sale 
cheap.  Order  nearest  branch. 


Catalog  free. 

IRVING’S  TRACTOR  LUG  CO.,  Galesburg,  III. 


Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


A  1  VVAYS  use  ctratplefe  address 

when  answering  advertise¬ 
ments,  and  avoid  any  delay. 


Killing  Trees 

What  is  the  best  method  of  killing  un¬ 
desirable  trees  in  pastures? 

Where  these  trees  are  small,  they 
can  be  pulled  out  with  a  tractor,  piled, 
and  burned.  Larger  trees  can  be  killed 
with  a  chemical  called  sodium  arsenite. 
The  Cornell  Forestry  Department  de¬ 
signed  a  sort  of  a  spud  which  has  prov¬ 
ed  very  satisfactory  in  applying  this 
chemical.  Cuts  are  made  in  the  bark 
around  a  tree,  and  the  solution  is  put 
in.  Sodium  arsenite  is  very  poisonous 
and  should  not  be  used  while  cattle  are 
running  in  the  pasture.  Once  the  trees 


Estimating  Timber 

I  have  some  timber  that  I  want  to  sell. 
My  trouble  is  that  I  do  not  know  how  to 
estimate  it.  Some  time  ago  you  mention¬ 
ed  something  about  a  log  rule,  but  now 
I  cannot  find  the  issue  it  was  in  and 
would  like  the  information. 

The  outfit  we  mentioned  is  available 
by  writing  E.  D.  Strait,  Federal  Land 
Bank,  Springfield,  Mass.  The  log  scal¬ 
ing  outfit  costs  one  dollar.  It  includes 
two  measuring  sticks,  a  canvas  case, 
and  a  book  of  instructions  for  their 
use.  If  you  have  timber  that  you  want 
to  estimate,  you  will  find  the  outfit 
very  helpful. 


•HARRIS  SEEDS 

BEST  FOR  THE  NORTH 

“DCADI  V  PATCC'*'  — The  new  giant-flowered  White  Morning  Glory. 

rtnllLI  UHlto  (All-America  Winner  for  1942)  —  Easy  to  grow, 
early  to  bloom,  and  lots  of  immense  pare  white  flowers. 

For  a  beautiful  combination  plant  together  with  giant  Heavenly  Blue 
Morning  Glory.  1  packet  of  each  for  only  30c. 

All  of  the  finest  varieties  of  vegetables  and  flowers  are  described  and 
illustrated  in  our  1942  catalogue.  Send  for  Your  Free  Copy  Today  and 
order  by  mail  direct  from  our  Seed  Farms. 

If  you  grow  for  market,  ask  for  the  Market 
Gardeners  and  Florists  Price  List. 

Joseph  Harris  Co.,  Inc.,  27  Moreton  Farm,  Rochester, N.Y. 

— 1942  catalog  mnvAeadij- 


(22)  22 


Ar  lerican  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


ervice  to  the  nation  in  peace  and  war ” 


Following  the  last  World  War  a  bronze  and  marble  group 
was  placed  in  the  lobby  of  the  American  Telephone -and 
Telegraph  Company  building  in  New  York.  On  it  are 
inscribed  these  words,  “Service  to  the  nation  in  peace 
and  war.” 


They  are  more  than  words.  They  are  the  very  spirit 
of  the  entire  Bell  System  organization.  In  these  stirring 
days,  we  pledge  ourselves  again  to  the  service  of  the 
nation  ...  so  that  “Government  of  the  people,  by  the 
people,  for  the  people,  shall  not  perish  from  the  earth.” 


BELL  TELEPHONE  SYSTEM 


Don't  Let  Your  Accident 

Insurance  Policy  Run  Out 

If  you  have  been  notified  that  your  policy  is  to  run  out 
soon,  renew  it  right  away  with  our  agent  or  direct 
to  the  office. 

North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co. 

N.  A.  ASSOCIATES  DEPT. 

10  NORTH  CHERRY  ST.,  POUGHKEEPSIE.  N.  Y. 


T0 


COLDS 

CfcuickCy. 


LIQUID 
TABLETS 
SALVE 
NOSE  DROPS 
COUGH  DROPS 


AT  YOUR  LOCAL  DEALER  AND  S  &  lOe  STORE 
CLII  ALWAYS 


The  Grange— 

rffiienJ  the  C<M*ibjMiuHe 

By  Charles  M.  Gardner 


WIDELY  KNOWN  for  its  contribu¬ 
tion  to  the  best  in  rural  life, 
economically,  educationally  and  social¬ 
ly,  the  celebration  of  its  Diamond 
Jubilee  year  by  the  National  Grange 
has  brought  this  outstanding  organiza¬ 
tion  of  rural  people  more  prominently 
into  view  recently  than  ever  before; 
particularly  because  of  its  record- 
breaking  session  at  Worcester,  Mass., 
with  an  attendance  of  20,000  Patrons, 
and  with  13,000  initiates  in  the  Seventh 
Degree  of  the  Order,  highest  in  its 
ritualism.  This  was  undoubtedly  the 
greatest  convention  of  farm  people 
ever  held  in  America,  while  the  size 
of  its  degree  class  establishes  a  new 
record  in  fraternal  history. 

No  Subsidies 

Founded  soon  after  the  Civil  War, 
the  Grange  became  one  of  the  most 
effective  factors  in  solving  the  recon¬ 
struction  problem.  Asserting  in  its 
basic  declaration,  “In  our  agricultural 
brotherhood  and  its  purposes  we  shall 
recognize  no  North,  no  South,  no  East, 
no  West,”  the  organization  for  three- 
quarters  of  a  century  has  admirably 
lived  up  to  that  patriotic  ideal. 

Today  37  states  comprise  the  na¬ 
tional  body,  with  a  number  of  subordi¬ 
nates  functioning  in  several  other 
states;  while  the  total  enrolled  mem¬ 
bership  is  upwards  of  800,000.  Dur¬ 
ing  the  75  years  of  its  existence  the 
Grange  has  never  received  one  penny 
of  public  subsidy  from  any  source  and 
its  present  prosperous  condition  has 
been  built  wholly  from  within  the 
membership  itself. 

From  a  feeble  start  the  Grange  fra¬ 
ternity  has  been  devoid  of  political 
backing,  and,  with  monthly  dues  so 
small  as  to  be  constantly  a  subject  of 
comment  among  other  organized 
groups,  the  National  Grange  today  has 
a  treasury  fast  approaching  $200,000; 
every  State  Grange  solvent,  many  with 
substantial  bank  reserves;  and  with 
more  than  3700  out  of  the  nearly  8,000 
subordinate  units  of  the  nation  own¬ 
ing  halls,  the  latter  well  equipped  and 
representing  with  contents  a  property 
total  of  not  less  than  $25,000,000. 

Courage 

The  early  purpose  of  the  Grange, 
“to  educate  and  elevate  the  American 
farmer,”  has  been  strictly  adhered  to, 
and  the  training  it  has  provided  for 
rural  people  has  been  of  far-reaching 
character.  The  farmer  has  learned, 
through  well-planned  Grange  pro¬ 
grams,  demonstrations  and  discussions, 
new  methods  that  the  experiences  of 
fellow  farmers  have  devised,  as  well  as 
through  direct  information  brought 
from  reliable  sources  at  the  National 
Capital,  and  through  State  Colleges, 
experiment  stations  and  kindred  agen¬ 
cies,  for  whose  establishment  the 
Grange  has  been  definitely  responsible. 
The  organization  has  prompted  co¬ 
operation  with  neighbor  farmers,  and 
through  the  groups  thus  created  has 
lowered  production  costs  and  increas¬ 
ed  sales  returns. 

The  farm  homemaker  has  gained 
new  courage,  as  well  as  new  ideas, 
from  the  helpful  Grange  programs  ar¬ 
ranged  for  her  benefit;  while  to  the 
young  people  of  the  countryside  the 
Grange  has  opened  up  new  channels  of 
wholesome  thinking  and  has  awaken¬ 
ed  impulses  that  have  proved  of  last¬ 
ing  benefit.  Even  the  children  of  the 
home  have  not  been  forgotten  by  the 
Grange,  and  today  60,000  of  them  are 
enrolled  in  Juvenile  branches  across 
the  nation. 

In  these  directions  is  revealed  the 
invisible  Grange,  which,  after  all,  con¬ 


stitutes  the  heart  and  center  of  such 
an  organization.  Along  strictly  prac¬ 
tical  lines,  however,  this  farm  fratern¬ 
ity  has  functioned  with  ever-increasing 
value.  Its  program  of  the  years  has 
been  based  on  the  fact  that  the  happi¬ 
ness  of  the  farm  home  must  depend 
upon  adequate  returns  for  the  labor 
performed  in  that  home  and  on  the 
farm  back  of  it;  also  that  community 
privileges  are  essential  to  individual 
happiness  and  home  contentment.  The 
Grange  has  therefore  exercised  its  col¬ 
lective  energies  in  such  successful  en¬ 
deavors  as  bringing  daily  mail  to  the 
farmer’s  door;  connecting  the  farm 
and  its  market  with  an  Improved  high¬ 
way,  over  which  maximum  loads  can 
he  comfortably  hauled;  has  entered 
heartily  into  the  rural  electrification 

The  Sleeping  Lake 

By  Julia  Lounsbery  Wallace 

The  sleeping  lake  remembers  how, 
Before  the  winter  came, 

His  steep  ravines  and  valleys 
Were  filled  with  scarlet  flame. 

He  pulls  an  icy  cover  close 
About  his  wooded  shore, 

And  dreams  of  May  when  violets 
Will  clothe  his  feet  once  more. 

program,  whose  benefits  to  the  aver¬ 
age  farm  home,  when  secured,  have 
been  -  almost  beyond  measurement; 
while  in  many  a  community  the  Grange 
has  been  the  motivating  force  that 
has  brought  a  village  water  supply; 
has  obtained  extensions  of  telephone 
lines  to  isolated  farm  homes;  has  in¬ 
augurated  movements  for  the  building 
of  sidewalks,  improvement  of  public 
buildings,  support  of  churches  and  in¬ 
creased  interest  in  the  public  schools. 

All  these  helpful  accomplishments 
affecting  the  practical  life  of  the  Am¬ 
erican  farm  family  had  their  beginning 
in  a  Grange  discussion,  when  some 
courageous  soul  raised  the  question, 
“Why  can’t  we  do  it  here?”  and  out 
of  the  resulting  debate  came  the  agita¬ 
tion  that  finally  achieved  the  coveted 
goal.  No  volume  could  be  large 
enough  to  enumerate  all  that  the 
Grange  has  done  for  American  farm 
neighborhoods  in  legislative,  coopera¬ 
tive  and  community  directions. 

Practical  Cooperation 
Whole  chapters  might  be  written  on 
that  department  of  practical  Grange 
cooperation  which  is  expressed  in  more 
than  a  billion  dollars  worth  of  fire  in¬ 
surance  on  farm  and  village  property, 
safely  and  cheaply  carried  through 
mutual  Grange  companies;  as  well  as 
the  extension  of  the  cooperative  insur¬ 
ance  idea  to  include  automobile  liabili¬ 
ty,  casualty,  wind  and  hail  storm  dam¬ 
age,  etc.  Hundreds  of  farpi  coopera¬ 
tives,  conducted  wholly  outside  of  the 
Grange  and  embracing  thousands  of 
farmers  who  are  not  even  members  of 
the  fraternity,  owe  their  inception  to  a 
Grange  beginning,  and  the  benefits  to 
American  agriculture  thus  secured  run 
every  year  into  large  figures.  The 
Grange  has  often  been  designated  as 
the  “mother  of  cooperation”  and  was 
at  least  the  first  substantial  effort  of 
American  farmers  to  prove  the  work¬ 
ability  of  agricultural  cooperation. 

Throughout  its  long  career  the 
Grange  has  been  singularly  free  from 
the  inroads  of  partisanship  or  the 
handicap  of  religious  bias,  and  has 
therefore  weathered  the  storms  that 
( Continued  cn  Page  51 ) 


A  Good  Place  to  Farm 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Alvin  Cass  of  Southwick,  Mass.,  paid 
for  this  farm  in  less  than  nine  years  —  nine 
years  when,  as  you  know,  farming  was  none  too  good. 
Starting  with  little  more  than  ambition,  intelligence, 
and  determination  to  make  good,  they  built  up  the 
land  and  improved  the  buildings.  For  income  they 
raised  potatoes  and  poultry.  Their  home  is  now  modern 
throughout.  Their  equipment  is  adequate  and  paid  for. 
Their  family  of  two  boys  and  a  girl  are  healthy,  happy 
and  doing  their  part.  The  Casses  are  out  of  debt. 

Alvin  Cass  was  a  farm  boy  who  learned  the  tile- 
maker’s  trade.  With  only  a  few  hundred  dollars  in  his 
pocket  he  went  back  to  farming  in  1933  because  it  was 
a  secure,  safe  and  satisfying  way  to  live  and  to  make  a 
living. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cass  are  typical  of  Northeastern 
farmers  who  do  their  own  thinking  and  create  their  own 
independence.  The  Casses  enjoy  the  same  privilege  you 
do  —  the  privilege  to  choose  their  own  methods,  to 
chart  their  own  destiny  —  in  America,  a  free  country 
...  in  the  Northeast,  a  land  of  many  opportunities. 

Nobody  is  more  independent  than  the  Northeastern 
farmer  who  owns  his  place  free  and  clear,  as  half  the 
farmers  do.  In  the  past  25  years  the  Springfield  Land 
Bank  has  had  a  part  in  helping  thousands  of  these 
families  to  establish  their  independence.  Yes,  in  its  first 
quarter  century  the  Land  Bank  has  financed  nearly 
45,000  Northeastern  farmers  on  long-term  loans  that 
fit  the  business  of  farming.  Many  of  these  loans  have 

a. 


been  paid  off;  many  more  are  paid  well  down.  Of  the 
30,000  who  are  now  using  these  loans,  many  obtained 
them  only  recently.  Every  year  brings  a  crop  of  be¬ 
ginners  —  every  year  a  new  crop  of  experienced  men 
who  put  their  short-term  loans  and  debts  into  Land 
Bank  mortgages  that  give  peace  of  mind,  safety  and 
independence. 

Out  of  the  past  comes  confidence  for  the  future  .  .  . 
confidence  that  Northeastern  farms  are  among  man’s 
best  possessions  .  .  .  confidence  that  farmers  in  the 
Northeastern  states  of  America  are  equal  to  their  task, 
come  what  may.  By  providing  the  kind  of  mortgage 
financing  that  helps  farmers  out  of  debt,  the  Land  Bank 
does  its  part  to  make  the  Northeast  a  better  place  to  live. 

For  details\about  Land  Bank  financing ,  or  about  the 
Farm  Loan  Association  in  your  locality ,  address  the 

FEDERAL  LAND  BANK  OF  SPRINGFIELD 

Springfield,  Massachusetts 

»  "  / 

Serving  New  York ,  New  Jersey ,  New  England 

★  ★  ★  ★  ★ 

100  Years  of  Service 

Seldom  does  an  institution  hold  the  confidence 
of  its  people  so  consistently  that  it  may  celebrate  - 
its  100th  anniversary  as  “American  Agricul¬ 
turist”  does  with  this  issue.  Service  to  farm 
people  of  the  Northeast  is  as  worthy  a  calling  as 
any  organization  can  set  for  itself. 


£ 


A  Backward  and  a 
Forward  Look  in 
Animal  Husbandry 

By  tf-.  B .  MowUAxu* 

Professor  of  Animal  Husbandry  and  Animal  Nutrition, 
Cornell  University. 


(24)  24 


IF  SOMEONE  other  than  my  good 
friend  Ed  Eastman  had  asked  me  to 
write  “a  little  semi-philosophical  review 
of  the  progress  in  animal  husbandry” 
for  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of 
the  American  Agriculturist,  I  should 
probably  have  declined.  This  is  be¬ 
cause  I  have  always  been  much  more 
interested  in  trying  to  keep  up-to-date 
on  recent  scientific  developments  and 
in  trying  to  do  my  bit  in  helping  in 
further  progress  than  I  have  been  in 
surveying  the  history  of  the  past.  But 
I  could  not  turn  Ed  down,  so  here  goes. 

Just  what  developments  have  occur¬ 
red  M  livestock  production  in  the 
thirty-odd  years  since,  as  an  under¬ 
graduate  student  at  the  University  of 
Wisconsin  back  in  1909,  I  helped  Dean 
W.  A.  Henry  rewrite  “Feeds  and  Feed¬ 
ing”  for  the  first  time  ? 

Now  the  word  “vitamin”  is  used  by 
everyone,  and  an  array  of  vitamin 
preparations  is  in  most  every  drug¬ 
store.  Then  we  did  not  even  know  of 
the  existence  of  these  mysterious  sub¬ 
stances.  Without  any  question  the  dis¬ 
coveries  concerning  vitamins  have  been 
of  great  importance,  both  in  improv¬ 
ing  human  health  and  in  increasing  the 
production  from  livestock.  However, 
even  before  discussing  vitamins,  let  me 
emphasize  that  if  all  the  statements 
were  true  that  are  made  today  in  ad¬ 
vertising  special  vitamin  preparations, 
humans  and  livestock  would  have  been 
mighty  sorry  specimens  back  in  1909. 

Good  Roughage  Essential 

Perhaps  the  greatest  single  advance 
in  animal  husbandry  that  I  have  seen 
is  the  information  we  now  have  about 
the  importance  of  good  forage  for  live¬ 
stock.  Most  any  intelligent  farmer 
knows  that  he  cannot  get  good  returns 
from  his  stock  unless  he  furnishes 
them  an  abundance  of  high-quality  for¬ 
age,  such  as  well-cured  hay,  excellent 
pasture,  and  good  silage.  Further¬ 
more,  he  generally  knows  the  reasons 
why  such  forage  is  so  important. 

He  knows  that  his  stock  will  eat 
more  of  such  forage  than  of  poor 
roughage  such  as  late-cut,  weathered 
hay.  Therefore,  they  will  need  less 
grain  and  other  concentrates  to  keep 
up  good  production.  He  also  knows 
that  good  forage  is  very  much  richer 
in  vitamins  than  poor  forage,  especially 
in  vitamin  A  value,  and  in  the  most 
important  minerals.  In  addition,  he 
has  learned  that  all  real  good  pasture 
and  the  .best  of  hay — that  rich  in  le¬ 
gumes — is  high  in  protein.  As  a  result, 
when  his  stock  can  fill  up  on  legume 
hay  or  on  lush  pasture,  they  need  much 
less  protein  in  their  concentrate  mix¬ 
ture,  or  grain  mixture. 

Finally,  he  has  learned  through 
demonstrations  he  has  seen,  or  by  his 
own  experience,  that  he  can  produce 
much  more  feed  per  acre  when  he  fer¬ 
tilizes  and  manages  his  fields  so  as  to 
produce  the  best  quality  hay,  pastur¬ 
age,  and  silage. 

When  I  was  a  lad,  the  best  farmers 
knew  that  it  paid  them  to  have  good 
hay  for  their  stock,  and  a  few  appre¬ 
ciated  the  merits  of  good  pasture  and 
the  advantages  of  silage.  But  numer¬ 
ous  scientific  experiments  have  been 
necessary  to  disclose  just  why  good 
forage  is  so  important  in  stock  farm¬ 
ing,  and  to  convince  most  good  farm¬ 
ers  of  this  importance. 

Vitamins  from  Grass 

If  stockmen  provide  plenty  of  good 
forage,  raised  on  well-fertilized  fields, 
they  do  not  generally  need  to  worry 
about  any  deficiency  of  vitamins  for 
dairy  cows,  beef  cattle,  sheep,  and 
horses.  Fortunately,  the  good  forage 


will  supply  plenty  of  vitamin  A  value. 
Sun-cured  hay  and  sunshine  will  take 
care  of  the  vitamin  D  needs,  and  these 
farm  animals  can  apparently  build  in 
their  bodies  the  other  vitamins,  or  else 
they  do  not  need  some  of  the  vitamins 
humans  require. 

When  I  first  began  experimental 
work  in  livestock  feeding  at  the  Uni¬ 
versity  of  Wisconsin,  I  decided  to 
tackle  the  fall-pig  problem  in  the 
northern  states.  At  that  time  the  ex¬ 
periment  stations  had  found  how  to 
feed  pigs  so  they  would  make  first- 
rate  gains  on  pasture  in  the  summer. 
However,  if  these  same  rations  were 
fed  to  young  pigs  during  the  winter, 
when  they  could  get  no  green  feed, 
disaster  often  resulted.  Some  would 
get  what  we  called  “rheumatism”  or 
“posterior  paralysis,”  and  others  would 
die  from  pneumonia  or  just  become 
runts. 

Professor  McCollum  had  recently 
discovered  at  the  University  of  Wis¬ 
consin  that  when  he  put  five  per  cent 
of  ground  alfalfa  hay  of  good  quality 
into  an  experimental  diet  for  rats  their 
health  and  growth  were  much  improv¬ 
ed.  This  was  because  the  alfalfa  sup¬ 
plied  “fat-soluble  A,”  which  we  now 
call  vitamin  A. 

Alfalfa  for  Pigs 

Since  a  little  good  alfalfa  hay  help¬ 
ed  these  rats  in  the  nutrition  labora¬ 
tory,  I  tested  its  effect  on  young  pigs 
under  winter  conditions.  To  our  de¬ 
light  we  found  that  the  simple  addi¬ 
tion  of  five  per  cent  of  good-quality, 
sun-cured  alfalfa  hay  to  the  ration 
prevented  posterior  paralysis  and  also 
most  of  the  trouble  from  pneumonia 
or  from  pigs  becoming  runts.  We 
have  since  learned  that  the  reason  it 
prevents  posterior  paralysis  is  because 
^un-cured  alfalfa  supplies  vitamin  D, 
which  had  not  been  discovered  at  that 
time.  Its  richness  in  vitamin  A  value 
prevents  pneumonia,  and  its  content  of 
other  vitamins  helps  keep  pigs  thrifty. 

As  a  result  of  these  experiments  we 
developed  the  trio  mixture,  or  Wiscon¬ 
sin  mixture,  for  pigs  not  on  pasture, 
which  has  become  well-known.  This 
is  a  simple  cdmbination  of  50  pounds 
tankage,  meat  scraps,  or  fish  meal;  25 
pounds  sun-cured  hay  or  other  legume 


hay;  and  25  pounds  linseed  meal,  soy¬ 
bean  oil  meal,  or  cottonseed  meal.  This 
mixture  is  self-fed  separately,  with 
corn  or  other  grain  also  self-fed,  or  it 
is  mixed  with  ground  grain  in  proper 
proportions. 

This  efficient  ration  and  similar  ra¬ 
tions  developed  by  other  investigators 
have  solved  the  “fall-pig  problem.”  On 
such  rations  fall  pigs  in  our  Cornell 
herd  make  just  as  rapid  gains  and  are 
as  thrifty,  as  spring  pigs  are  on  good 
pasture  during  the  summer. 

Since  we  have  so  much  cloudy  weath¬ 
er  in  the>-  fall  and  winter  in  south- 
central  New  York,  Professor  J.  P. 
Willman  and  I  have  recently  conducted 
experiments  to  find  whether  such  ra¬ 
tions  would  be  improved  by  adding  cod- 
liver  oil  or  cod-liver  oil  concentrate. 
We  have  found  that  there  is  no  need 
whatsoever  of  adding  such  a  vitamin 
supplement  to  such  simple  rations. 

Eggs  When  Eggs  Are  High 

Poultry  feeding  has  probably  been 
changed  more  by  scientific  discoveries 
than  any  other  kind  of  livestock  pro¬ 
duction.  Space  will  not  permit  a  re¬ 
view  of  these  many  discoveries.  When 
I  was  a  student  in  college,  no  one  knew 
how  to  raise  chicks  successfully  in 
winter.  Now,  chicks  fed  modern  ra¬ 
tions  thrive  in  any  month  of  the  year, 
no  matter  how  closely  they  are  con¬ 
fined.  Similarly,  by  the  use  of  effi¬ 
cient  rations  plus  lights  and  good 
management,  hens  are  persuaded  to  lay 
industriously  when  egg  prices  are  high¬ 
est. 

When  I  was  a  student,  I  was  taught 
to  balance  rations  in  amount  of  pro¬ 
tein  according  to  the  old  German  feed¬ 
ing  standards  —  the  Wolft-Lehmann 
standards.  Even  then  we  knew  that 
these  standards  were  not  adapted  to 
American  conditions.  Also,  feeding  ex¬ 
periments  had  shown  that  these  stand¬ 
ards  advised  much  larger  amounts  of 
protein  than  certain  classes  of  stock 
actually  require. 

Then  Professor  Haecker  at  the  Uni¬ 
versity  of  Minnesota  and  Professor 
Savage  at  Cornell  brought  out  more 
accurate  feeding  standards  for  dairy 
cows.  -  In  1915  I  published  feeding 
standards  for  the  various  classes  of 
livestock,  which  were  based  mainly  on 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


One  of  the  outstanding;  recent  develop¬ 
ments  in  livestock  feeding  is  the  increas¬ 
ed  use  of  grass  silage.  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  is  proud  of  the  fact  that  it  was 
among  the  first  in  the  Northeast  to  advo¬ 
cate  this  efficient  method  of  storing 
roughage. 


a  study  of  the  results  of  the  feeding 
experiments  conducted  at  the  various 
experiment  stations.  In  comparison 
with  the  very  fragmentary  information 
available  thirty  years  ago,  farmers  and 
feed  manufacturers  can  now  know 
very  definitely  just  how  much  protein 
each  class  of  livestock  actually  needs. 

“Building  Stones” 

Thirty  years  ago  we  knew  still  less 
about  the  importance  of  kind  or  qual¬ 
ity  of  protein.  Since  then  extensive 
investigations  have  shown  that  in  feed¬ 
ing  humans,  swine,  or  poultry,  it  is 
essential  for  good  results  that  a  part 
of  the  protein  comes  from  such  sources 
as  milk,  meat,  fish,  or  eggs.  Such 
protein  foods  supply  all  the  necessary 
“building  stones”  to  enable  the  animal 
to  build  the  proteins  in  its  body.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  cereal  grains  and 
their  by-products  contain  too  small 
amounts  of  some  of  these  “building 
stones,”  which  the  chemist  calls  amino 
acids. 

Recent  experiments,  including  studies 
we  have  conducted  at  Cornell,  have 
shown  clearly  that  the  kind  or  quality 
of  protein  is  of  much  less  importance 
in  feeding  cattle  or  sheep  after  the 
usual  weaning  age.  This  is  because  the 
bacteria  in  their  paunch,  or  rumen,  are 
able  to  use  poor  kinds  of  protein  and 
build  them  into  good  protein.  Then 
the  cow  or  sheep  digests  the  bacteria 
farther  along  in  the  digestive  tract, 
and  is  thus  able  to  get  good  protein 
from  a  source  that  was  originally  poor. 

For  this  reason  it  is  not  necessary, 
if  dairy  cows,  beef  cattle,  or  sheep  are 
fed  good  roughage,  to  pay  much  at¬ 
tention  to  the  kind  or  quality  of  pro¬ 
tein  in  their  concentrates. 

Along  with  all  the  information  that 
has  been  gained  in  research  about  vita¬ 
mins,  minerals,  and  proteins,  definite 
facts  about  the  values  of  various  feeds 
have  been  learned  through  the  many 
feeding  experiments  at  the  agricultural 
colleges.  Contrast  the  information 
farmers  now  have  about  different  feeds 
with  the  situation  in  1880. 

Facts  from  Research 

Dean  Henry  told  me,  for  example, 
that  when  he  first  went  out  in  Wiscon¬ 
sin  to  lecture  to  farmers  in  1880,  they 
scoffed  at  him  when  he  told  them  wheat 
bran  was  a  good  feed  for  dairy  cows. 
They  even  said,  “You  must  have  been 
bribed  by  the  flour  millers.”  Today, 
as  a  result  of  the  numerous  and  exten¬ 
sive  feeding  experiments  conducted  by 
the  state  experiment  stations  and  the 
U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  farm¬ 
ers  can  have  accurate  and  dependable 
information  concerning  the  real  values 
of  the  many  different  feeds  that  ere 
available. 

Because  of  the  many  recent  discov¬ 
eries  concerning  vitamins  and  miner¬ 
als,  farmers  at  the  present  time  may 
often  wonder  whether  their  farm  ani¬ 
mals  need  some  special  vitamin  or  min¬ 
eral  supplement.  They  cannot  always 
rely  on  the  statements  made  by  those 
who  are  selling  a  particular  supple¬ 
ment,  for  exaggerated,  or  false,  claims 
are  sometimes  made.  Whenever  a 
farmer  is  in  doubt  concerning  quota¬ 
tions  in  stock  feeding,  as  in  other  fields 
of  farming,  he  should  ask  his  county 
agent  for  information,  or  get  in  touch 
( Continued  on  Page  37) 


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LANCASTER,  PA 


■fl  CIRCLEVILLE,  0.  { 


This  institution  now  enters  its  second  century. 


The  Eshelman  business  began  a  century  ago 
when  the  founder,  John  W.  Eshelman, 
ground  grain  for  his  neighbors  and  friends. 

Four  generations  of  the  Eshelman  family 
have  carried  on  this  business,  until  today 
Red  Rose  Feeds  serve  feeders  from  Canada 
to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 


It  was  the  pledge  of  the  founder  to  build  a 
practical,  quality  product.  This  is  still  our 
inspiration  and  involves  a  responsibility,  to 
our  many  loyal  customers,  which  we  are 
proud  to  accept. 


C Mg/mmtc 


CcentenniaO 


JOHN  W.  ESHELMAN  &  SONS 


LANCASTER,  PA.  •  YORK,  PA.  •  CIRCLEVILLE,  O. 


RED  ROSE  EXPI'RI^ENTAL  FARMS  ^ 


RED  ROSE 

GUARANTEED  FEEDS 


(*26)  26 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


New  York  State 

Qeti  (le&ulti  jfiattt 

MILK  ADVERTISING 

/$y  Mgsuj,  G.  Mom, 

Director,  Bureau  of  Milk  Publicity,  Department 
of  Agriculture  and  Markets. 


SEVEN  YEARS  ago  New  York  State 
and  its  dairy  industry  began  a  new 
approach  to  the  milk  problem  by  au¬ 
thorizing  an  advertising  campaign  to 
promote  milk  consumption.  It  had  the 
twin  purpose  of  improving  public 
health  and  helping  to  stabilize  the 
state’s  largest  and  most  important 
agricultural  branch. 

I  appreciate  this  opportunity  given 
me  by  the  American  Agriculturist  on 
its  own  centennial  anniversary  to  re¬ 
view  this  pioneer  cooperative  project 
with  those  who  pay  its  cost,  so  they 
may  judge  for  themselves  what,  if  any, 
progress  has  been  made. 

Although  seven  years  old  now,  some 
confusion  still  exists  about  the  organi¬ 
zation  and  functioning  of  this  project. 
The  campaign  is  authorized  by  law 
enacted  by  the  Legislature  and  Gover¬ 
nor,  making  an  appropriation  from 
state  funds.  This  sum  is  repaid  by 
the  industry  through  a  tax  upon  fluid 
milk  and  cream  sales.  For  the  past 
four  years  the  appropriation  has  been 
$300,000  and  the  tax  three-quarters  of 
a  cent  per  hundred  pounds,  half  paid 
by  producers  and  half  by  the  dis¬ 
tributors.  Reduced  to  a  quart  basis, 
the  producer’s  and  distributor’s  equal 
share  of  this  tax  is  one  one-hundred 
twenty-fourth  of  a  cent.  In  return, 
they  receive  the  prestige  and  coopera¬ 
tion  of  the  state  in  promoting  the  sale 
of  the  product  upon  which  each  de¬ 
pends  for  income.  To  the  ultimate  cost 
of  a  quart  of  milk  to  the  consumer, 
the  Ernst  &  Ernst  audit  showed,  it 
added  only  .00016  of  a  cent. 

The  law  authorizes  the  Commis¬ 
sioner  of  Agriculture  to  conduct  the 
campaign,  and  places  its  administration 
in  the  Bureau  of  Milk  Publicity.  A 
Technical  Advisory  Board  was  created 
at  the  start  of  the  campaign  in  1934 
to  exercise  advisory  jurisdiction  and 
advise  the  Commissioner  in  its  conduct. 
This  Board  consists  of  representatives 
of  producers,  distributors,  and  the  pub¬ 
lic,  appointed  by  the  Commissioner. 

Very  properly,  this  Board  takes  its 
responsibilities  seriously.  It  passes 
upon  campaign  policies,  the  selection 
of  an  advertising  agency,  budgeting 
and  expenditure  of  funds,  selection  of 
advertising  media.  Its  present  mem¬ 
bers  are:  Chairman,  Jerry  B.  Badgley, 
Manager  of  the  Borden-Boulevard 
Dairy  of  Albany;  Vice-Chairman,  Earl 
B.  Clark,  of  North  Norwich,  producer, 
Master  Farmer,  and  officer  of  the  Farm 
Bureau;  C.  E.  Cuddeback,  Vice-Presi¬ 
dent  of  the  Sheffield  Farms  Company 
of  New  York;  Leon  Chapin,  North 
Bangor,  Secretary  of  the  Dairymen’s 
League;  Jared  Van  Wagenen,  Jr.,  of 
Lawyersville,  N.  Y.,  producer  and  emi¬ 
nent  agricultural  authority;  Van  C. 
Whittemore,  Director  of  the  State 
School  of  Agriculture  at  Canton,  N.  Y. ; 
and  Wm.  B.  Thomson,  Director  of  the 
Bureau  of  Advertising,  American 
Newspaper  Publishers  Association. 

The  law  authorizes  employment  of 
advertising  experts  by  the  Commis¬ 
sioner  to  plan  and  prepare  the  cam¬ 
paign  on  a  yearly  basis.  This  is  done 
after  open  competition  before  the  Tech¬ 
nical  Advisory  Board  by  all  advertis¬ 
ing  agencies  desiring  to  compete.  The 
Board,  after  executive  session,  recom¬ 
mends  its  choice  to  the  Commissioner, 
based  upon  material  submitted  and 
supplemented  by  oral  presentation. 


The  entire  campaign  is  then  reviewed 
by  the  Board  and  all  advertising  copy 
and  promotional  material  passed  upon 
separately  as  well  as  the  allocation 
of  funds.  Responsibility  for  adminis¬ 
tration  then  rests  upon  the  Bureau  of 
Milk  Publicity,  which  has  its  main 
office  in  Albany  and  branches  in  New 
York  City,  Syracuse  and  Buffalo. 

It  can  easily  be  realized  that  a 
project  such  as  this  would,  to  some 
politically  minded  persons,  present  an 
excellent  field  for  exploitation.  The 
original  sponsors  of  the  project  fore¬ 


saw  this  possibility  and  acted  to  pre¬ 
vent  it  by  making  the  personnel  of  the 
Bureau  bipartisan.  Responsibility  for 
keeping  the  enterprise  free  from  po¬ 
litical  influence  since  has  rested  upon 
the  Commissioner  and  Director.  The 
records  and  testimony  of  those  familiar 
with  the  campaign’s  history  justify,  I 
believe,  the  statement  that  no  public 
enterprise  is  freer  of  political  influence 
than  this  industry-state  cooperative 
campaign. 

While  the  state  does,  in  the  first  in¬ 
stance,  appropriate  the  money,  it  is  re¬ 
paid  by  the  industry  and  is,  therefore, 
industry  money  for  which  we  act  as 
trustee.  The  campaign’s  usefulness 
would  immediately  be  destroyed  were 
this  fact  forgotten  for  a  moment. 

A  word  now  about  the  campaign 
itself.  At  its  start,  many  sincere  peo¬ 
ple  asked,  and  quite  naturally:  "What 
is  there  to  advertise  about  milk?” 
And  then  answered  their  own  ques¬ 
tion.  "Everybody  knows  about  milk. 
It’s  something  we  have  to  drink  as 
babies  and  children,  but  we  don’t  need 
it  after  we  grow  up.” 

So,  logically,  it  was  to  these  young 
and  adult  groups  that  we  directed  our 
efforts.  The  child  market,  as  the  sur¬ 
vey  showed,  was  well  supplied  through 
the  natural  interest  of  parents.  We 
drew  upon  the  experience  of  other  suc¬ 
cessful  food  product  advertisers  to 
make  our  appeals  forceful  and  effec¬ 
tive.  We  realized  that  in  these  highly 
competitive  days  it  is  not  enough  to 
tell  people  milk  is  good  for  them  and 
they  should  drink  it.  We  had  to  tell 
them  why  and  do  it  in  a  way  to  con¬ 
vert  their  interest  into  actual  purchase. 

We  went  into  the  laboratory  to  learn 
first  for  ourselves  what  there  is  to  this 
product  as  old  as  man  himself.  We 


found  science  had  unlocked  many  new 
secrets  about  it.  That,  for  example, 
it’s  one  of  the  richest  natural  sources 
of  that  mysterious  vitamin  that  forti¬ 
fies  our  bodies  against  infection— 
Vitamin  A;  that  it  has  other  vitamins 
now  recognized  by  medical  science  as 
vitally  necessary  to  good  health;  that 
research  and  experimentation  have 
proved  it  to  have  more  of  the  elements 
the  human  body  needs  than  any  other 
food — 34  out  of  the  39;  so  many,  in 
fact,  that  it  alone  deserves  the  title 
“Nature’s  Most  Nearly  Perfect  Food,” 
bestowed  upon  it  by  New  York  State 
Health  Commissioner,  Dr.  Edward  S. 
Godfrey. 

We  advertised  what  we  had  learned 
and  had  proof  to  back  it  up.  Our  first 
objective  was  to  break  down  the  wall 
of  prejudice  built  by  years  of  misunder¬ 
standing.  Milk,  we  said,  was  necessary 
for  children,  but  it  was  just  as  neces¬ 
sary  to  the  good  health  of  the  indi¬ 
vidual  whatever  his  or  her  age.  Neith¬ 
er  its  need  or  benefits  ended  with  our 
own  maturity.  In  fact,  and  Dr.  God¬ 
frey  is  authority  for  the  statement- 
in  these  strenuous  and  tense  days  of 


modern  living  adults  have  more  need 
for  the  minerals,  vitamins  and  the  oth¬ 
er  elements  of  milk  than  ever  before. 

We  attacked  the  prejudice  that  milk 
is  a  child’s  beverage  with  testimonials 
of  men  and  women  leaders  of  the  sport 
world.  Liberal  milk  drinking  is  as 
essential  a  part  of  their  training  as 
physical  practice.  With  science’s  help 
we  have  made  people  realize  that  milk, 
properly  used,  is  not  fattening.  We 
prepared  and  distributed  reducing  diets 
that  have  milk  for  their  base  and 
medical  approval  for  their  use.  We 
publicized  the  testimony  of  famous 
beauties  of  the  screen  and  stage,  who 
gladly  said  milk  is  a  necessity  for  them 
in  the  maintenance  of  good  health, 
good  figures  and  clear  complexions. 

We  utilized  the  scientific  facts  that 
sound  teeth  need  calcium,  and  milk  is 
one  of  its  richest  sources.  Dentists 
and  health  authorities  willingly  co¬ 
operate  in  spreading  this  and  other 
facts  about  the  benefits  of  milk.  Fin¬ 
ally,  we  emphasized  the  economy  of 
milk  as  a  food  for  the  whole  family 
because,  available  in  one  purchase,  are 
so  many  elements  the  body  needs  that 
it  is  a  veritable  market  basket  of  food. 

In  promoting  these  appeals,  we  use 
newspapers,  radio,  motion  pictures,  the 
generous  cooperation  of  civic  and  pub¬ 
lic  groups  all  over  the  state.  In  fact, 
the  cooperation  and  help  this  campaign 
has  received,  because  of  its  public 
service  nature  could  not,  I  believe,  be 
purchased  at  any  price. 

And  what  are  the  results?  In  1935, 
when  the  present  type  campaign  be¬ 
gan,  milk  consumption  in  the  metro¬ 
politan  market  was  in  a  five  year  de¬ 
cline.  Since  then,  this  trend  has  been 
reversed  and  replaced  by  a  steady  ac¬ 
cumulative  rise  in  consumption.  This 


The  Years  Are  Stars 

By  Ethel  A.  M.  Tozier 
♦ 

The  years,  I  think,  are  made  of  stars 
And  when  the  days  are  past, 

God  takes  them  back  to  be  with  Him, 
To  rest  eternally  at  last. 

He  took  the  old  year  back  last  night 
And  set  it  up  on  high. 

I  saw  its  glimmer  softly  gleam 
Within  the  starry  sky. 

And  now  tonight  a  new  star  gleams 
From  out  the  midnight  blue. 

On  wings  of  light  another  year 
Speeds  on  its  way  to  you. 


gain  has  been  held,  the  figures  show, 
despite  increasing  competition  of  other 
beverages  and  the  inevitable  consumer 
resistance  aroused  whenever  prices  are 
increased.  Upstate  markets  show  the 
same  upward  trend. 

Can  this  improvement  be  credited  sole¬ 
ly  to  the  milk  advertising  campaign? 
No  intelligent  person  would  make  such 
a  claim.  Many  factors  affect  milk  con¬ 
sumption.  Undoubtedly  some  of  these 
have  been  contributory  to  the  improve¬ 
ment.  So  far  as  the  campaign  is  con¬ 
cerned,  we  have  direct  evidence  of  the 
widening  interest  which  it  has  aroused 
in  milk.  During  our  advertising  peri¬ 
ods  we  offer  a  milk  booklet  in  our 
newspaper  and  radio  announcements. 
We  have  not  yet  made  our  offer  in 
this  year’s  campaign  because  of  a  delay 
in  printing.  But  the  requests  for  previ¬ 
ous  booklets  have  averaged  3,000  per 
week.  Other  direct  proof  that  our 
messages  are  reaching  the  public  are 
theatre  managers’  reports  on  showing 
of  our  yearly  film  in  which,  incident¬ 
ally,  the  theatre  owners  generously 
cooperate  with  us  by  displaying  with¬ 
out  charge.  Last  year’s  picture  was 
seen  by  theatre  audiences  totalling 
three  million,  while  secondary  distribu¬ 
tion  in  schools  and  before  various  or¬ 
ganizations  swelled  the  total  to  five 
million. 

Is  the  campaign  making  progress 
toward  the  goal  set  seven  years  ago? 
Are  we  making  the  State  of  New  York 
milk-minded  with  benefit  to  the  public 
health  and  the  dairy  industry?  You 
who  produce  milk,  those  who  distribute 
it,  and  those  who  guard  our  public 
health  are  best  qualified  to  answer 
these  questions. 

— a.  a. — 

Farming  Has  Changed  But 
Farmers  Haven’t 

( Continued  from  Page  6) 
shed  full;  and  when  you’re  running  a 
farm,  it’s  impossible  to  lose  your  job. 
You’re  chained  to  it.  The  job  can’t  get 
away,  and  you  can’t  either. 

Nor  do  farmers  have  to  worry  too 
much  about  the  future.  After  the  win¬ 
ter  will  come  the  miracle  of  the  spring, 
and  after  that  the  seed  time  and  the 
harvest.  We  always  have  had  a  sum¬ 
mer  and  we’re  likely  to  again.  It  al¬ 
ways  has  rained  before  in  time  to 
break  up  a  dry  spell,  and  I  suspect  it 
will  again.  All  the  other  farmers  be¬ 
lieve  that,  too.  Of  course,  they  cuss 
the  weather  and  the  prices.  They  did 
it  when  American  Agriculturist  was 
getting  started  in  the  presidency  of 
John  Tyler,  and  they  will  a  hundred 
years  from  now.  But  they’ll  keep 
right  on  turning  the  furrows  and  look¬ 
ing  at  the  sky  and  cussing  the  govern¬ 
ment  and  feeding  this  nation  (and  per¬ 
haps  half  the  world  besides)  through 
the  centuries  and  through  thick  and 
thin.  They  always  have. 

Farming  has  changed  since  1842, 
and  that’s  a  good  thing.  But  farmers 
haven’t  changed  the  least  bit,  which 
is  an  even  better  thing.  The  nation  is 
going  to  need  ’em  the  next  few  years. 
It  always  has. 


Too  long  has  the  idea  persisted  that  milk  is  a  food  for  children  only.  It  is  just  as 
important  for  adults.  Every  housewife  in  the  country  could  improve  the  family  diet 
and  save  money  by  using  more  milk  and  dairy  products. 


To  the  Agriculturist -and  to  its  Readers... 

Congratulations 


IN  1851 ,  just  9  years  after  the  founding 
of  the  American  Agriculturist,  Gail 
Borden  first  turned  his  inventive  genius 
to  nature’s  best  food  and  New  York 
State’s  most  important  agricultural 
commodity — milk. 

He  was  returning  from  London  on  one 
of  the  slow  sailing  vessels  of  the  time. 
There  were  babies  on  the  ship ,  and  babies 
then  needed  milk  just  as  they  do  today. 


Gail  Borden— Pure  Milk  Pioneer 


There  were  cows  on  board  to  fill  this 
need.  They  were  stabled  in  the  hold  un¬ 
der  conditions  which  were  shocking  even 
in  those  days  of  primitive  sanitation. 

The  milk  became  contaminated,  and 
some  of  the  babies  died.  Gail  Borden  re¬ 
solved  to  find  a  way  of  preserving  milk 
so  that  it  might  be  available  everywhere 
— clean,  safe,  and  pure. 

•  •  • 

After  countless  experiments  in  evapora¬ 
ting  milk  in  a  vacuum  pan  borrowed 
from  the  Shakers  of  New  Lebanon,  Bor¬ 
den  made  a  fundamental  discovery:  if, 


milk  was  “dirty”  it  wouldn’t  keep.  To 
help  farmers  produce  clean  milk ,  he  wrote 
a  sanitation  code  which  later  formed  the 


basis  for  many  state  laws  and  inspired 
the  company  he  founded  to  place  quality 
always  above  all  other  considerations. 

In  the  face  of  difficult  obstacles  and 
bitter  disappointments,  he  succeeded,  in 
1856  at  Wolcottville,  Conn.,  in  produc¬ 
ing  commercially  the  first  preserved  milk 


First  Borden  Condensery  at  Wolcottville 


— Borden’s  Eagle  Brand;  and  thus  The 
Borden  Company  was  born. 

In  84  years  the  company  has  grown 


from  a  small  “one-man”  business  to  an 
international  organization,  working 
with  dairy  farmers  in  improving  milk 
supplies,  and  for  them  in  extending  the 
market  for  the  ever-increasing  amount 
of  milk  produced. 

For  84  years  Borden  has  bought  milk 
in  the  area  served  by  the  American  Ag¬ 
riculturist.  During  this  time  Borden  has 
striven  to  understand  the  problems  of 
the  producers,  to  work  with  them  on 
marketing  problems,  to  develop  for  them 
ever-expanding  outlets  and  uses  for  milk, 
and  to  deliver  milk  to  the  public,  safely 
processed  and  on  time. 


A  Modern  Borden  Bottling  Plant 

Today,  in  this  milk  shed,  the  milk  re¬ 
ceived  is  higher  in  quality  than  ever  be¬ 
fore.  For  this  we  congratulate  the  North¬ 
east  dairy  farmer.  We  congratulate,  too, 
the  American  Agriculturist  on  100  years 
of  helpful  service. 

The 

Borden  Company 

350  Madison  Avenue,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


(28)  28 


INCREASING 

IDE  GROWERS’  SHARE! 


.  _  1940 

(ll  MONTHS) 


TRANSPORTATION  FROM 
,  GROWER  &  SHIPPER  . 
r  TO  DISTRIBUTING 
POINT 

HANDLING  a. 

delivery  from 
■—  distributing 

POINTS  TO  STORES 
DAMAGE  Sl  SPOILAGE 

BUYING  &.  RETAILING 
EXPENSES 


NET  PROFIT  1.7  t 


These  charts  show  the  progress  being  made  by  the  A&P  and 
Atlantic  Commission  Co.  in  helping  solve  agriculture’s  major 
problems — to  give  growers  a  larger  share  of  the  consumer’s 
dollar  and  increase  consumption  of  fresh  fruits  and  vegetables. 

The  1940  return  to  growers  and  shippers  of  53.3  cents  of 
the  customer’s  dollar  spent  in  A&P  stores  was  an  increase  of 
6.5  cents  over  1937.  This  is  an  increase  of  more  than  13  per  cent 
in  just  four  years.  This  increased  return  is  well  above  the 
estimated  national  average  return  on  produce  marketed  through 
all  types  of  retail  channels. 

Operating  Expenses  Reduced 

Operating  expenses  were  reduced  19  per  cent . . .  spoilage  and 
damage  rates  were  brought  down  44  per  cent — in  just  four 
years.  These  figures  show  clearly  how  chain  store  distribution 
is  helping  to  boost  farm  income  by  eliminating  bottlenecks  and 
“tollgates”  and  perfecting  a  constantly  more  direct  and  eco¬ 
nomical  route  from  producer  to  consumer. 

The  full  value  of  this  continuing  progress  is  not  alone  in 
enabling  growers  to  realize  a  greater  Share  of  the  consumer’s 
dollar  —  it  also  increases  the  total  income  of  growers.  How? 
Because  it  widens  markets  by  making  it  possible  for  millions 
of  people  to  buy  more. 


All  Producers  Benefit 

These  increased  returns  and  widened  markets  benefit  directly 
the  many  thousands  of  growers  who  market  their  produce 
through  the  A&P  stores.  But  our  work  is  of  the  utmost  im¬ 
portance  also  to  those  who  market  through  other  channels. 
A&P  and  Atlantic  Commission  Co.  set  an  example  of  economical 
distribution  that  induces  more  and  more  distributors  to  improve 
their  methods  with  benefits  to  all  producers. 

In  continued  progress  of  this  kind  lies  the  hope  of  increasing 
benefits  to  all  of  us — consumers,  distributors  and  growers. 


ATLANTIC  COMMISSION  CO.,  INC. 

Affiliate  of 

The  Great  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Tea  Company 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 

Education  and 
Organization  Will  Solve 
Farm  Problems 


WHEN  American  Agriculturist  was 
born  in  1842,  life  on  the  farm 
was  far  simpler  than  it  is  now.  The 
farmer  still  raised  most  of  the  food 
products  required  by  his  family,  and 
much  of  the  food  and  clothing  were 
processed  or  manufactured  either  in 
the  farm  home  or  by  tradesmen  in  the 
community. 

But  things  were  beginning  to  change 
back  in  1842  and  from  that  time  to 
this,  life  has  constantly  become  in¬ 
creasingly  complex.  Farmers  began  to 
sell  more  and  more  of  their  products 
in  the  public  market,  and  to  buy  back 
more  and  more  supplies.  So  they  were 
soon  faced  with  a  very  difficult  mar¬ 
keting  problem'.  As  the  fertility  of  the 
new  soils  decreased,  and  as  the  bugs 
and  diseases  increased  by  leaps  and 
bounds,  it  soon  was  apparent  to  good 
farmers  that  more  scientific  knowledge 
was  badly  needed  with  which  to  meet 
these  new  production  problems. 

Thrown  in  with  the  marketing  and 
production  problems  was  the  growing 
need  of  the  farmer  to  have  more  of  a 
voice  in  public  affairs.  He  needed  some 
method  by  which  he  could  make  his 
wishes  known  in  no  uncertain  terms  to 
those  who  made  the  laws. 

Out  of  these  new  social,  political,  and 
economic  needs  of  agriculture,  there 
have  developed  two  great  movements, 
which  in  the  last  fifty  to  seventy-five 
years  have  helped  to  put  agriculture 
on  an  equal  basis  with  other  business, 
trades  and  professions,  and  have  been 
mainly  responsible  for  the  gains  that 
farmers  have  made.  These  two  move¬ 
ments  are: 

1.  Organization  of  farmers. 

2.  Agricultural  education,  research, 
and  extension. 

To  the  Grange  goes  the  honor  of 
starting  the  first  great  national  move¬ 
ment  in  the  organization  of  farmers. 
Started  just  following  the  Civil  War, 
the  Grange  has  grown,  with  some  ups 
and  downs,  until  today — well,  if  you 
want  to  read  the  story  of  a  truly  great 
organization,  don’t  miss  Charlie  Gar¬ 
dner’s  story  of  the  Grange  on  Page  22 
of  this  issue. 

The  Farmers’  Union  and  the  State 
and  National  Farm  Bureau  Associa¬ 
tions  have  in  more  recent  years  work¬ 
ed  side  by  side  with  the  Grange  in 
helping  to  solve  the  farmers’  social 
and  political  problems. 

On  the  direct  marketing  side,  an  even 
greater  story  of  farm  organization  can 
be  told.  When  somebody  tries  to  tell 
you  that  farmers  cannot  stick  togeth¬ 
er,  remind  him  that  there  are  in 
America  today  about  11,000  coopera- 


By  £.  R.  Bafttmati 

tive  associations,  with  3,400,000  farm¬ 
er  members,  or  half  of  the  total  num¬ 
ber  of  farmers,  and  that  these  buying 
and  selling  cooperatives  are  doing  over 
one-third  of  the  farm  business.  So  rap¬ 
idly  have  farmers  organized  during 
the  past  forty  years  that  that  period 
may  well  be  called  the  Era  of  Coop¬ 
eration.  These  organizations  reach  in¬ 
to  practically  every  farm  community, 
and  handlb  at  least  a  part  of  nearly 
everything  the  farmer  buys  and  sells. 

The  story  of  progress  in  agricultur¬ 
al  science  and  education  is  equally  in¬ 
teresting  and  important.  Until  compar¬ 
atively  recently,  most  farmers  had  lit¬ 
tle  respect  for  “book  lamin’  ”  in  agri¬ 
culture,  but  that  attitude  has  been 
almost  completely  changed.  There 
never  was  a  time  when  any  class  of 
people  have  striven  to  reach  for  more 
knowledge  about  their  business  than 
are  farmers  at  the  present  time.  Dur¬ 
ing  the  first  25  years  of  the  life  of 
American  Agriculturist,  farm  papers 
like  ours  were  about  the  only  way  of 
spreading  better  methods  in  farming 
and  agricultural  knowledge.  There 
were  a  few  scattered  cases  where  agri¬ 
culture  was  taught,  but  the  real  start 

of  agricultural  education  began  with 
the  land  grant  colleges,  based  on  the 
national  legislation  known  as  the  Land 
Grant  Act,  passed  by  Congress  in  1862. 

This  Act  gave  to  each  state  a  certain 
amount  of  land,  the  proceeds  from  the 
sale  of  which  were  to  be  used  in  the 
colleges  of  agriculture. 

The  Land  Grant  Act  is  responsible 
for  the  establishment  of  state  schools 
and  colleges  of  agriculture  in  practi¬ 
cally  all  of  the  states  of  the  Union, 
and  for  many  years  it  has  been  possi¬ 
ble  and  practical  for  almost  any  farm 
or  city  boy,  who  had  the  desire,  to  ob¬ 
tain  an  agricultural  education. 

In  the  early  days  of  these  colleges, 
the  work  was  limited  chiefly  to  teacn- 
ing,  and  was  handicapped  by  lack  of 
exact  scientific  knowledge  based  on  re¬ 
search.  This  lack  was  recognized  by 
the  founding  in  many  of  the  states  of 
State  Experiment  Stations.  The  mod¬ 
ern  farmer  owes  more  than  he  will  ever 
realize  to  those  quiet  research  scien¬ 
tists  on  the  staffs  of  the  various  Ex¬ 
periment  Stations  and  Colleges  who 
have  developed  a  body  of  research 
knowledge  which  is  the  basis  for  our 
modern  agriculture. 

The  colleges  of  agriculture,  however, 
have  gone  farther  than  teaching  and 
( Continued  on  opposite  page) 


The  northeastern  states  produce  11%  l»er  cent  of  the  Nation’s  milk  supply,  FOR 
WHICH  OUR  FARMERS  RECEIVE  25  PER  CENT  OF  THE  NATIONAL  INCOME 
FOR  MILK.  Over  half  of  the  income  of  northeastern  farmers  comes  from  the  dairy 
cow.  This  great  dairy  industry,  which  produces  the  highest  quality  milk  in  thsj 
world,  makes  it  necessary  to  have  excellent,  well-equipped  barns  and  stables.  The 
Northeast  has  very  well  been  called  “The  Land  of  Great  Dairy  Barns.” 


Arierican  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


29  (29) 


Surprise  Eeport 
oil  Potato  Production 

By  G.  Bryant 


ON  DECEMBER  18th  the  potato 
trade  was  pleasantly  shocked  to 
find  the  December  government  esti¬ 
mate  reduced  approximately  19,000,000 
bushels,  making  the  total  estimate  for 
the  country  357,783,000  bushels.  Many 
of  the  larger  producing  states  showed 
reductions.  Reductions  in  state  esti¬ 
mates  were  as  follows:  Maine,  New 
York,  Minnesota  and  California  one- 
half  million  bushels  each;  North  Da¬ 
kota,  Idaho,  Colorado  and  Oregon  one 
million  bushels  each;  Wisconsin  two 
million  bushels;  Ohio  two  and  one-half 
million  and  Pennsylvania  three  million. 

On  release  of  this  report  trading 
practically  stopped  momentarily  until 
both  growers  and  the  trade  could  get 
their  feet  placed.  Everyone  anticipated 
a  sharp  and  speculative  increase  in  the 
price  structure.  Most  growers  seem  to 
be  inclined  to  withhold  sales  until  the 
price  structure  can  be  definitely  estab¬ 
lished.  At  this  writing  (December 
19th)  growers  and  the  trade  generally 
are  in  a  high  state  of  confusion  with 
a  few  sales  being  reported  at  15  to  20c 
cwt.  over  yesterday’s  prices. 

Practically  all  growers  had  difficulty 
in  understanding  this  substantial  drop 
in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  report  has 
been  raised  slightly  each  month  up  to 
and  including  November.  Generally  the 
December  report  is  more  or  less  of  a 
rehash  of  November  information;  most 
of  the  information  is  available  at  the 
time  the  November  report  is  released. 

We  have  received  an  explanation  of 
this  major  change  from  a  reliable 
source,  although  it  has  not  been  con¬ 
firmed  officially.  It  is  our  understand¬ 
ing  that  the  crop  reporting  services  re¬ 
vised  their  estimate  of  acreage  in  ac¬ 
cordance  with  1939  census  figures.  In 
doing  this  they  reduced  the  crop  re¬ 
port  for  this  season  by  approximately 
19,000,000  bushels,  they  also  revised 
and  reduced  last  year’s  crop  report  by 
the  same  amount.  With  this  explana¬ 
tion,  it  would  seem  that  this  reduction 
is  not  as  important  as  it  would  appear 
on  the  surface.  Apparently  when 
using  1939  census  figures  of  acreage 
our  crop  estimate  must  be  reduced  for 
both  seasons.  Thus,  it  would  appear 
that  our  relative  position  with  refer¬ 
ence  to  last  year  remains  unchanged. 
It  would  be  our  guess  that  it  will  take 
some  time  for  this  fact  to  be  fully  rea¬ 
lized  and  understood  by  growers  and 
the  trade.  Thus,  we  would  expect  that 
due  to  psychological  reasons  this  mar¬ 
ket  might  maintain  a  fairly  substantial 
raise  for  a  time  at  least. 

In  due  course,  we  believe  that  the 
market  will  react  and  level  off  on  the 
basis  of  conditions  as  we  understood 
them  prior  to  the  release  of  the  re¬ 
port.  We  cannot  help  but  believe  that 
this  report  is  going  to  cause  consider¬ 
able  confusion  and  the  possibility  of 


some  growers  getting  hurt  due  to  their 
misunderstanding  of  the  situation.  We 
believe  that  growers  may  anticipate  a 
fairly  active  market  for  a  short  period 
of  time  with  possible  unfavorable  re¬ 
actions  later. 

-  A.  a. — 

Education  and  Organization 
Will  Solve  Farm  Problems 

( Continued  from  opposite  page) 
research,  by  carrying  their  instruction 
to  the  wider  field  of  adults  who  live 
out  upon  the  farms  and  who  have  been 
unable  to  attend  college.  This  third 

part  of  agricultural  education  is  call¬ 


ed  extension  work 


This  great  move- 
place  mostly  within 


ment  has  taken 
the  lives  of  living  men. 

The  foundations  for  extension  work 
were  laid  by  the  lecturers  of  the  old 
Farmers’  Institutes,  who  travelled  up 
and  down  the  land  during  the  winter, 


teaching  and  preaching  the  doctrine  of 
better  farming.  Extension  work  is  now 
carried  on,  first,  by  the  regular  ex¬ 
tension  staff  attached  to  state  colleges, 
and  also  by  those  great  organizations, 
the  county  farm  and  home  bureaus. 

Perhaps  the  most  important  of  all 
extension  work  is  the  junior  extension 
4-H  club  work  with  country  boys  and 
girls. 

Some  of  the  states,  .  including  New 
York,  have  state  schools  of  agriculture 
and  home  economics  where  boys  and 
girls  unable  to  go  to  college  can  get 
good  practical  training  in  the  science 
and  practice  of  farming  and  home  eco¬ 
nomics.  These  schools  have  a  good  rec¬ 
ord  in  the  large  proportion  of  their 
students  who  return  to  actual  farming. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  develop¬ 
ments  of  our  time,  all  within  about 
thirty  years,  is  the  rapid  growth  of  vo¬ 
cational  agriculture  and  home  eco¬ 
nomics  in  the  high  schools.  It  was  not 

so  long  ago  when  the  whole  course  of 
study  from  the  district  schools  through 

the  colleges  was  away  from  the  farm 
toward  the  city.  Much  of  that  has  been 

changed,  so  that  there  is  available  to 
almost  any  country  boy  or  girl  inter¬ 
ested  in  country  life  the  opportunity  to 


learn  the  science  and  the  practice  of 
agriculture  and  homemaking.  Organiz¬ 
ed  around  the  high  school  vocational 
courses  are  the  Future  Farmers  of 
America,  groups  of  young  men  doing 
a  grand  job  for  themselves  and  for 
agriculture  present  and  future. 

Since  the  first  high  school  agricul¬ 
tural  course  was  established  in  1909, 
the  courses  have  grown  by  leaps  and 
bounds  until  today  in  New  York  State 
alone  there  are  some  250  of  these 
courses. 

Space  permits  only  a  very  brief  re¬ 
view  of  the  progress  made  in  agricul¬ 
tural  education  and  in  farm  organiza¬ 
tion  but  the  point  should  be  emphasiz¬ 
ed  that  progress  in  maintaining  and 

advancing  the  standards  of  life  in  the 
country  will  be  made  in  the  future,  as 
it  has  in  the  past,  not  by  government 
subsidies,  not  by  bureaucratic  schemes 
and  regimentation,  but  instead  by  the 
slower,  surer  processes  of  education 
and  cooperation. 

— a.  a. — 

Due  to  war  conditions,  the  West 
Coast  Mexico  Tour,  announced  by  Am¬ 
erican  Agriculturist  in  our  December  6 
issue,  has  been  postponed. 


‘Danger!  Pooh!  Just  your  woman’s 
intuition !” 


How  Life  Insurance  Can  Help 
"Take  the  Worry  Out  of  Life" 


The  Family  • 

Like  most  men,  you  probably  want 
your  wife  and  children  to  be  pro¬ 
tected.  Through  life  insurance  your 
family  can  have  the  money  they  will 
need,  in  event  of  your  death,  to  pay 
doctors’  bills  and  other  final  expenses 
...  to  educate  your  children  ...  to 
pay  for  extra  help  around  the  farm 
.  .  .  and  many  other  purposes. 


.  •  The  Farm  •  « 

If  you  could  leave  your  farm  to  your 
family,  “free  and  clear,”  it  would  be 
a  mighty  fine  thing,  wouldn’t  it? 
You  can  arrange  to  do  this  through 
life  insurance.  You  put  aside  a  rela¬ 
tively  small  amount  for  premiums 
each  year.  Eventually  the  proceeds  of 
the  policy  could  be  used  to  pay  off 
the  mortgage  or  other  indebtedness. 


•  The  Future 

In  later  life  you  will  probably  want 
to  let  up  and  take  things  easier.  At 
that  time,  when  your  children  are 
grown,  if  you  feel  you  no  longer  need 
life  insurance  protection,  you  can  use 
the  cash  surrender  value  of  your  poli¬ 
cies  to  provide  a  guaranteed  life  in¬ 
come  for  yourself— thus  making  your 
own  future  more  secure. 


Three  Reasons  Why  You  Should  INSURE  IN  THE  NEW  YORK  LIFE 


STRENGTH.  .  .  For  nearly  one  hundred  years 
the  New  York  Life  has  met  its  every  obligation, 
through  panics,  wars  and  epidemics.  The  Com¬ 
pany  adheres  to  the  principle  that  “safety  is 
always  the  first  consideration.” 

MUTUALITY.  .  .The  Company  was  founded 
as  a  mutual  Company  in  1845,  and  it  has  always 
been  mutual.  It  has  never  had  a  stockholder. 
New  York  Life  pays  dividends  to  policy¬ 


holders  only,  who  get  their  life  insurance  at  cost. 

AGENCY  SERVICE  .  .  .  New  York  Life' 
representatives  have  a  unique  incentive  to  render 
the  best  possible  service  to  their  clients  under  a 
special  agency  plan  which  promotes  and  re¬ 
wards  long  continuity  of  service  and  benefits  all 
concerned— the  policyholder,  beneficiary,  agent, 
and  Company.  Before  you  buy  your  next  policy, 
talk  with  a  New  York  Life  representative. 


NEW  YORK  LIFE 


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INSURANCE 


COMPANY 


A  Mutual  Company  Founded  on  April  12 ,  184J  •  $1  Madison  Avenue ,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Safety  is  always  the  first  consideration... Nothing  else  is  so  important 


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SiS 


MAIL  THIS  COUPON  TODAY! 

NEW  YORK  LIFE  INSURANCE  COMPANY 
51  Madison  Avenue,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Without  any  obligation  to  me,  please  furnish  infor¬ 
mation  about  how  life  insurance  can  help  "take  the 
worry  out  of  life.” 


NAME. 


ADDRESS  OR  R.F.D. 
TOWN  AND  STATE. 
DATE  OF  BIRTH _ 


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AG  1-3-42 


(30)  30 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


—  My  Early  — — 
POULTRY  EXPERIENCES 


MY  EARLIEST  recollection  of  the 
poultry  industry  is  a  fight  with  a 
kid  companion  in  a  suburb  of  Chicago, 
Ill.,  where  I  lived  in  1871.  He  was 
throwing  stones  at  a  brood  of  little 
ducklings  which  needed  my  protection. 

Memory  next  recalls  daybreak  on 
the  farm  of  my  grandparents  at  North 
Granville,  N.  Y.,  where  I  was  thrilled 
at  listening  to  a  glorious  Barnyard 
Symphony.  Even  now,  after  nearly 
seventy  years,  I  can  recall  the  tumultu¬ 
ous  calls  for  breakfast  of  all  the  large 
chorus  of  farm  animals — horses  and 
colts,  cows  and  calves,  pigs,  sheep,  dogs 
and  cats,  as  well  as  chickens,  ducks, 
geese,  turkeys  and  guineas  (for  my 
Grandmother  Wing  was  a  highly  suc¬ 
cessful  poultry  woman) .  Grandmoth¬ 
er  had  learned  by  personal  experience 
the  most  practical  methods  of  making 
money  with  poultry.  I  was  her  en¬ 
thusiastic  youthful  disciple  and  helper. 
It  was  a  proud  day  in  my  young  life 
when  I  won  a  generous  reward  by 
finding,  after  several  days’  effort,  a 
long-sought  turkey’s  nest  carefully  hid¬ 
den  by  a  stone  wall. 

Each  day  it  was  my  coveted  responsi¬ 
bility  to  gather  the  eggs.  Since  the 
hens  had  free  run  of  the  farm  to  lay 
their  eggs  and  to  roost,  they  matched 
their  nesting  instincts  against  my  in¬ 
genuity  in  finding  their  nests.  As  a  re¬ 
sult,  they  won  often  enough  to  pro¬ 
vide  a  supply  of  eggs  varying  in  qual¬ 
ity  from  '“nearby  fresh”  and  “new 
laid”  to  “bloodshot”  and  “explosive,” 
or  perhaps  an  indulgent  mother  won 
and  proclaimed  her  triumph  by  proud¬ 
ly  leading  forth  a  fine  brood  of  chicks. 

There  was  one  place  on  grandfath¬ 
er’s  farm,  however,  where  the  hens 
especially  delighted  to  steal  their  nests. 
This  was  through  the  loose  foundation 
wall  under  a  wing  of  the  barn.  Many 
a  time  I  crawled  on  my  stomach  to 
a  nest  and  brought  forth  a  hatful  of 
eggs.  I  have  not  to  this  day  been  able 
to  understand  why  so  many  good  farm¬ 
ers,  like  my  Grandfather,  never  plug¬ 
ged  up  the  hole  under  the  barn.  Af¬ 
ter  more  than  50  years’  absence  from 
the  old  farm,  I  recently  visited  the 
scenes  of  my  childhood.  One  of  the 
first  of  many  places  I  sought  out  to 
photograph  was  the  hole  under  the 
barn.  But  I  was  deeply  disappointed 
to  find  that  fire  a  few  years  before  had 
destroyed  the  proof  that  the  hole  had 
never  been  closed  during  several 
changes  in  ownership  of  the  farm. 
Such  practices  are  now  largely  out¬ 
moded  by  providing  scientifically  con¬ 
structed  laying  pens  offering  seclusion, 
convenience  and  cleanliness. 

But  I  did  take  a  photograph  of  the 
place  where  I  used  to  take  delight, 
strange  as  that  may  seem,  in  following 
the  example  of  my  Grandmother  in 
ducking  broody  hens  in  the  watering 
trough  to  break  up  their  persistent 
motherly  habit.  Although  today  the 
brooding  instinct  has  been  largely 
eliminated  by  selection  and  breeding, 
my  Grandmother  did  understand  and 
practice  certain  sound  principles.  Each 
spring  as  we  gathered  the  eggs  for 
hatching,  they  were  carefully  placed 
in  pans  resting  on  the  cool  flagstone 
cellar  bottom  with  separate  pans  for 
the  goose,  duck,  turkey  and  hen  eggs. 
Each  pan  contained  a  flannel  cloth, 
which  formed  a  soft  cushion  and  also 
covered  the  eggs  to  prevent  evapora¬ 
tion  and  germination.  All  eggs  were 
turned  each  day.  Now  we  have  mod¬ 
ern  egg  holding  rooms  which  provide 
proper  humidity,  controlled  tempera¬ 
ture  and,  occasionally,  automatic  turn¬ 
ing  devices.  Yes,  4  Grandmother  was 
right  in  this  instance  and  acted  ac¬ 
cording  to  her  light,  which  was  the 


By  flam&l  (lice 

MEXICO,  N.  Y. 

best  light  that  we  knew  in  those  days. 

A  few  years  later,  while  living  with 
other  relatives,  it  became  my  regular 
chore  to  help  my  Aunt  Alice  with  her 
poultry.  One  of  the  all  but  universal 
beliefs  then  held  by  poultrymen  was 
that  long  eggs  produced  cockerels  and 
the  roundish  eggs  produced  pullets. 
Well  do  I  recall  the  care  which  we 


exercised  each  spring,  in  selecting  eggs 
for  hatching,  saving  the  roundish  eggs 
for  replenishing  the  laying  flock  and 
sending  the  others  to  market  or  con¬ 
suming  them  at  home.  Did  we  ever 
notice  any  preponderance  of  pullets  re¬ 
sulting  from  this  system  of  selection? 
No,  not  that  could  be  observed,  but 
over  a  period  of  many  years  of  this 
erroneous  method  of  selection  a  quite 
logical  result  occurred.  The  eggs  from 
our  farm  flock  acquired  a  real  repu¬ 
tation  at  the  local  store  for  being  the 


THE  POULTRY  industry  has  grown 
up.  From  a  sadly  neglected  side¬ 
line,  consisting  of  a  few  nondescript 
hens  that  gleaned  most  of  their  living 
from  the  barnyard,  it  has  deyeloped  to 
a  point  where  in  the  Northeast  it  re¬ 
turns  about  $150,000,000.  to  farmers 
yearly. 

There  was  a  time  when  most  dairy¬ 
men  hated  hens.  Prominent  in  the  dis¬ 
appearance  of  that  dislike  is  the  dollar 
sign.  One  dairyman  spoke  for  thou¬ 
sands  of  his  brothers  when  he  said, 
“When  I  found  out  how  much  income 
a  good-sized  flock  of  hens  was  return¬ 
ing  to  my  neighbor,  I  found  it  a  lot 
easier  to  like  them.” 

Once  the  natural  thing  for  a  hen 
to  do  was  to  lay  a  dozen  eggs  in  the 
spring  of  the  year,  set  on  them  until 
they  were  hatched,  and  then  spend  some 


roundest  eggs  brought  to  market.  The 
practical  consequences  of  this  practice 
double-checks  exactly  with  our  present 
day  knowledge  of  poultry  breeding. 
Now  we  control,  to  an  exact  degree, 
through  trapnesting,  pedigree  hatching 
and  progeny  testing,  not  only  the  shape 
of  the  eggs  laid  but  also  their  color, 
size,  shell  texture,  number  of  eggs  laid 
per  bird,  and  quality  of  the  offspring. 

At  that  time  no  attempt  was  made 
anywhere  among  the  farmers  to  in¬ 
fluence  the  color  of  the  egg  shell  or 
the  egg  yolk.  Eggs  were  supposed  to 


have  but  two  eating  qualities — the; 
were  either  good  or  bad.  So  far  as 
the  sale  of  eggs  was  concerned,  they 
were  sold  “as  is”  when  picked  up,  at 
more  or  less  regular  intervals,  by  the 
itinerant  tin  peddlers;  or  taken  to 
town,  packed  in  baskets  of  oats  to  help 
prevent  breakage  when  transported 
over  the  rough  dirt  roads  to  the  local 
store.  Here  they  were  allowed  to  ac¬ 
cumulate  until  there  were  enough  to 
pack  in  crates  to  be  shipped  to  mar¬ 
ket.  Gathering  eggs  several  times  a 


weeks  killing  off  her  chicks  by  step¬ 
ping  on  them  and  trailing  them 
through  wet  grass.  The  discovery  and 
application  of  the  principles  of  breeding 
have  changed  all  this.  A  300-eggs-a- 
year  hen  is  no  longer  a  novelty,  nor  is 
a  flock  with  an  average  production  of 
200  eggs  a  year. 

The  first  step  in  breeding  for  im¬ 
provement  was  the  simple  one  of 
hatching  eggs  from  the  best  hens  (or 
those  the  owner  thought  were  best). 
Trap  nesting  once  seemed  a  logical 
means  of  getting  production  records, 
but  it  involved  too  much  work  to  be 
adopted  by  large  numbers  of  poultry- 
men.  Then  a  group  of  breeders  grew 
up — men  who  were  willing  to  follow  the 
painstaking  methods  needed  to  get  rec¬ 
ords,  not  only  on  individual  hens,  but 
on  families,  so  that  most  of  the  guess- 


day  or  pre-cooling  and  humidifying 
them  in  egg  rooms  was  not  even  antici¬ 
pated  in  those  days.  Nor  were  there 
automatic  egg  grading  machines  and 
candling  devices;  nor  rubber  tired 
trucks  rolling  along  smooth  surface 
roads  each  day  to  the  express  office  or 
receiving  station;  nor  official  inspecting* 
service  to  safeguard  the  interests  of 
producer,  dealer  and  consumer  alike; 
nor  schools  to  teach  poultry  keeping. 
What  a  violent  contrast  then  and  now 
in  the  production  and  sale  of  one  of 
man’s  most  valuable  food  products  — 
eggs! 

Much  the  same  can  be  said  about 
the  production  and  sale  of  poultry  for 
food  in  the  past  half  century.  In  those 
earlier  days  the  common  barnyard 
fowl  of  the  country  was  a  composite 
of  the  largest  possible  variety  of  the 
comparatively  few  breeds  then  known. 
They  were  cross-breeds  to  the  nth  de¬ 
gree.  They  wore  their  pedigrees  (or 
rather,  unknown  ancestry)  on  the  out¬ 
side  of  their  bodies  in  their  varied  col¬ 
ors,  sizes  and  shapes,  and  in  their 
fighting  qualities.  For  the  most  part, 
their  longevity  was  maintained  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  natural  law,  “survival 
of  the  fittest,”  since  very  little  knowl¬ 
edge  of  the  age  Of  fowls  was  possible. 
This  was  due  to  the  fact  that  trap¬ 
nesting,  leg  banding  and  progeny  test¬ 
ing  were  unknown  as  applied  to  egg 
and  poultry  production. 

Only  a  few  enthusiastic  poultry  fan¬ 
ciers  were  responsible  for  improving 
the  appearance  of  the  breeds  of  poul¬ 
try  and  developing  new  varieties.  All 
honor  to  these  breeders  since  they  had 
comparatively  little  scientific  knowl¬ 
edge  of  the  principles  of  breeding 
which  are  now  available,  or  the  neces¬ 
sary  equipment. 

At  that  time  there  were  no  suc¬ 
cessful  poultry  breeding  or  egg  farms 
or  commercial  hatcheries.  Hen  hatch¬ 
ing  was  one  of  the  bottlenecks  which 
restricted  the  expansion  of  poultry 
keeping,  limiting  it  to  a  one-man  or 
one-woman  side-issue  farm  flock.  This 
serious  handicap  awaited  the  coming 
of  modern  methods  of  equipment  and 
management  and  of  artificial  incuba¬ 
tion  and  brooding,  which  provided  two 
of  the  movements  to  the  combination 
lock  which  opened  the  way  to  building 
our  present  billion  and  a  quarter  dollar 
poultry  industry. 

Another  key  of  equal  importance 
was  the  discovery  and  perfection  of 
the  trapnest,  which  has  revolutionized 
poultry  breeding  by  providing  for  the 
first  time  an  accurate  method  of  know¬ 
ing  the  egg  producing  values  of  in¬ 
dividual  hens  and  of  their  offspring, 
thus  establishing  their  hereditary  re¬ 
lationship.  This  was  a  breeding  factor 
( Continued  on  Page  32) 


work  in  breeding  could  be  eliminated. 

The  barnyard  flock  slept  in  an  old 
shed,  sometimes  roosting  on  farm  ma¬ 
chinery  stored  for  the  winter,  to  the 
detriment  of  both  tools  and  hens.  Then 
came  an  era  wherein  poultry  houses 
were  costly,  flamboyant,  poorly-venti¬ 
lated,  drafty  structures,  impressive  in 
outward  appearance  but  quite  unsatis¬ 
factory  for  the  purpose  for  which  they 
were  designed.  Gradually,  through  the 
research  work  of  colleges  of  agricul¬ 
ture,  commonsense  exerted  itself.  The 
single-story,  shed-roof  type  of  poultry 
house,  with  concrete  floor  and  open- 
front  ventilation,  was  developed  and 
proved  satisfactory,  even  up  to  the 
present  day. 

Meanwhile,  someone  got  the  idea  of 
remodeling  old  buildings  into  multi- 
( Continued  on  Page  34) 


What  would  our  grandfathers  have  thought  of  a  scene  like  this?  They  had  to  hatch 
chicks  under  the  old  hen!  Although  the  first  incubators  were  small  and  unsatisfac¬ 
tory,  they  marked  the  birth  of  the  commercial  poultry  business.  On  this  page  Pro¬ 
fessor  Rice  tells  of  the  many  startling  developments  in  the  poultry  world  that 

have  occurred  in  his  lifetime. 


THE  POULTRY  BUSINESS 

■?  H.  I-  Cwsline  ,  ,  .  Jf-ai.  QwUUt  'Ufl 


Ai  nerican  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 

Poultry’s  Golden 

\ 

Opportunity  s.  Wea*** 


DO  YOU  ever  have  days  when 
everything  goes  dead  wrong?  You 
drift  off  to  sleep  some  night  with  a 
clear  conscience  because  you  have  the 
next  day’s  work  all  planned.  Things 
are  going  to  get  done  in  one,  two, 
three  order.  Then  the  alarm  fails  and 
you  wake  up  a  half  hour  late.  A  but¬ 
ton  pulls  loose 
when  you  put  on 
your  shirt.  You 
can't  find  your 
shoes.  You  hurry 
to  the  barn.  Old 
Tom  has  slipped 
his  halter  again. 
A  fuse  blows.  And, 
of  course,  that  is 
the  morning  the 
truck  would  pick 
to  have  a  flat  tire. 
And  so  on  all 
through  the  day. 

Some  years  have 
been  like  that  for 
poultrymen. 
Nothing  goes 
right.  Everything 
goes  wrong.  Eggs 
are  cheap.  Feed  is  high.  The  hens  have 
the  pox,  flu,  and  whooping  cough. 
Then  there  are  no  eggs  at  all — only 
feed  bills.  At  such  times,  people  quit 
the  chicken  business  by  hundreds.  They 
only  can  survive  who  are  efficient,  per¬ 
sistent,  and  calamity-resistant. 

The  Bright  Side 

Fortunately,  there  is  a  bright  side 
to  this  picture.  There  are  years  when 
everything  is  in  the  poultryman’s  favor. 
Then  even  the  careless  and  lazy  can 
make  money  with  chickens,  and  the 
experienced  and  industrious  get  their 
old  debts  paid,  buy  a  new  car,  and 
even  start  a  collection  of  war  savings 
bonds. 

The  year  1920  was  like  that.  One 
hundred  better-than-average  poultry 
keepers  in  New  York  State,  who  kept 
records  of  their  businesses  made  an 
average  of  $1.63  for  every  hour  they 
spent  on  their  hens.  Just  three  years 
earlier  (1917)  the  same  men  made 
minus  2c  an  hour.  I  imagine  they  were 
using  much  the  same  methods  both 
years  and  worked  just  as  hard.  The 
difference  came  about  through  forces 
over  which  the  individual  poultryman 
had  no  control. 

Poultry  keeping,  like  every  other 
business,  has  its  ups  and  downs.  The 
swings  from  peak  down  through  de¬ 
pression  and  on  to  another  peak  are 
more  or  less  predictable.  It  seems  to 
me  that  people  who  fail  to  take  ad¬ 
vantage  of  the  peaks,  who  pile  up  new 
debts  instead  of  cleaning  up  the  old 
ones,  who  lay  away  no  nest  eggs 
against  the  inevitable  rainy  day  should 
not  merit  much  sympathy  later  when 
they  have  to  go  on  WPA  or  PWA  oi 
have  to  go  home  and  live  with  PAW. 

William  Shakespeare  said  it  this 
way:  “There  is  a  tide  in  the  affairs  of 
(poultry)  men  which,  taken  at  its 
flood,  leads  on  to  fortune;  omitted,  all 
the  voyage  of  their  lives  is  bound  in 
shallows  and  in  miseries.” 

More  Hens  Pgr  Man 

The  tides  are  running  strongly  in 
favor  of  the  poultryman  just  now. 
Should  he  plunge  in  and  swim  with  all 
his  might?  Shall  he  build  new  houses, 
buy  new  incubators,  and  greatly  ex¬ 
pand  his  business  ?  Or  shall  he  be  con¬ 
servative  and  ride  the  tide  in  the  out¬ 
fit  he  already  has,  using  every  muscle 
and  every  brain  cell  to  do  the  most 
efficient  job  possible?  Probably  that 
won’t  be  quite  so  exhilarating  and  ex¬ 
citing  as  making  a  big  plunge  and 
splash;  but  I  am  confident  it  will  be 
much  safer. 


Apparently  no  poultryman  ever 
knows  when  his  business  has  become 
large  enough.  As  soon  as  he  begins 
making  a  little  money,  he  wants  to 
build  another  poultry  house.  Except  in 
a  few  special  instances,  now  is  not  the 
time  to  expand  in  that  way.  That  is 
the  opinion  of  many  practical  men. 
Rather  than  build  and  equip  at  pres¬ 
ent  prices,  let  the  step-up  come 
through  rearrangement  of  present 
space  and  present  programs  to  make 
it  possible  to  keep  more  hens  without 
additional  help. 

A  few  days  ago  I  talked  with  _  Al¬ 
fred  Etzel  of  Monroe,  N.  Y.  He  has 
been  in  the  poultry  game  for  years, 
and  has  gradually  expanded  his  busi¬ 
ness.  He  told  me  that  he  has  just  com¬ 
pleted  an  addition  which  gives  him  a 
total  capacity  of  5,000  hens.  I  am  sure 
I  heard  him  correctly  when  he  said 
that  one  man  takes  care  of  all  of  those 
hens.  That  is  what  I  call  efficiency. 

Professor  Botsford  has  835  pullets 
in  a  single  flock.  His  son  takes  care 
of  them  and  goes  to  high  school,  while 
Botsford  travels  around  the  state 
showing  4-H  boys  and  girls  how  labor 
can  be  saved  by  good  planning.  Pos¬ 
sibly,  in  such  large  flocks,  one  may 
not  get  quite  so  many  eggs  per  hen, 
but  he  gets  plenty  of  eggs  per  man. 
And  that  is  what  counts,  particularly 
when  men  are  scarce.  These  pullets 
were  hatched  last  February,  began  lay¬ 
ing  in  July,  and  when  this  was  written 
were  producing  at  the  rate  of  66%. 

This  is  a  time  to  keep  all  the  lay¬ 
ers  there  is  room  for  with  as  little 
labor  as  possible.  Large  flocks  is  one 
way  to  save  labor.  There  are  others. 
Some  people  spend  hours  cleaning  eggs 
and  cleaning  hen  houses.  At  Dan 
Montgomery’s  place  in  Chenango 
County,  I  saw  Mrs.  Montgomery  col¬ 
lecting  eggs.  I  doubt  if  five  per  cent 
of  them  would  need  any  cleaning.  The 
difference?  Screened  dropping  boards, 
darkened  nests,  deep  nests  with  plenty 
of  fine  nesting  material,  and  more  im¬ 
portant  than  all,  deep,  dry  litter  on  the 
floor.  Some  people  don’t  have  to  clean 
the  poultry  house  floor  from  fall  ’till 
spring,  yet  the  litter  keeps  in  good  con¬ 
dition.  The  secret  is  “built-up”  litter 
plus  good  air  movement.  That  is  a 
story  too  long  to  be  told  here. 

Buy  Good  Chicks 

I  know  that  some  may  be  thinking, 
“Why  talk  about  all  this  now?  We 
can’t  buy  pullets,  and  anyway  our 
buildings  are  all  in  use.”  My  answer 
is  that  there  is  another  year  coming, 
and  it  is  not  too  early  to  be  making 
next  year’s  poultry  plans. 

Of  course  that  suggests  baby  chicks. 
Recently  about  150  people  who  produce 
and  sell  chicks,  mostly  in  New  York 
State,  spent  four  days  at  Cornell  dis¬ 
cussing  ways  and  means  of  supplying 
their  customers  with  chicks  that  will 
live  better  and  grow  into  pullets  that 
will  live  better  as  well  as  lay  better. 
I  am  convinced  that  the  time  has  come 
when  some  hatcheries  (but  not  all  of 
them)  are  producing  as  good  chicks 
as  the  average  individual  breeder  who 
sets  only  eggs  produced  on  his  own 
place. 

I  see  no  point  in  going  to  a  differ¬ 
ent  place  for  chicks  each  season.  If 
your  pullets  are  living  well  and  laying 
eggs  that  are  satisfactory  in  size  and 
numbers,  I  would  suggest  that  you 
get  your  order  in  right  away  for  more 
chicks  at  the  same  place.  You  won’t 
get  them  at  the  same  price.  The  gen¬ 
eral  price  level  is  advancing,  as  you 
may  know. 

If  one  is  losing  a  great  many  pul¬ 
lets  with  lameness,  blindness  or  big 
livers,  it  may  be  his  own  fault.  He  may 
( Continued  on  Page  32) 


L.  E.  Weaver 


HENS  can’t  read,  but  enterprising  farmers  know  they’ll 
lay  more  eggs  when  a  bright  electric  light  comes  on  and 
fools  them  into  thinking  their  working  day  has  begun.  Elec¬ 
tricity  helps  the  farmer  with  almost  every  job  from  doing  the 
family  wash,  to  churning,  milking,  and  heating  soil.  And 
today  with  farmers  playing  a  vital  defense  role,  the  help  that 
electricity  gives  them  is  more  valuable  than  ever! 

OPERATING  COMPANIES  OF  Niagara^ Hudson 


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New  York  State’s 
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Radio  Station 

WHCU 

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tf-asuit  PnloAmcdiosi 


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(32)  32 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


How  are  YOU 
Increasing  Production  ? 


•  Your  share  — and  every  poultryman's  share— of  this  tre¬ 
mendous  production  will  be  largely  dependent  on  GOOD 
FEEDING. 

GOOD  FEEDING  will  grow  healthy  and  vigorous  chicks 
which  become  good  layers  later  on;  GOOD  FEEDING  will 
get  consistent  egg  yields  from  pullets  and  mature  hens. 

GOOD  FEEDING,  the  key  to  the  success  of  the  Gov¬ 
ernment's  egg  production  program,  means  the  use  of 
mashes  made  up  of  good  ingredients  —  ingredients  which 
definitely  contribute  to  the  growing  of  healthy  chicks  and 
the  production  of  extra  eggs. 

One  ingredient  which  supplies  several  necessary  factors 
to  a  mash,  and  supplies  them  economically,  is  CORN 
GLUTEN  MEAL. 

CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL  furnishes  Vitamin  A  potency  and 
plenty  of  protein  (41%)  — both  vitally  needed  in  the  growing 
of  chicks  and  the  production  of  eggs.  Also  it  supplies  the 
yellow  pigmentation  factor  so  important  to  profits  in  the 
marketing  of  broilers  and  turkeys. 

Demand  mashes  which  contain  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL. 
Look  for  it  on  the  list  of  ingredients  on  the  bag  or  tag  of 
the  mash  you  buy. 


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NEW  YORK  •  CHICAGO 


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SELLING  BRAND  OF 


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MARITA  In  Vermont  — -  the  Safest  Way 
to  House  Feed  Crops  is  in 
Marietta  Super  -  Construction  Silos 


THE  MARIETTA  CONCRETE  CORP. 

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Order  NOW — get  early  buyers'  discount.  Write 
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i 


My  Early  Poultry  Experiences 

( Continued  from  Page  30) 


which  had  been  used  in  breeding  other 
classes  of  livestock,  but  not  with  poul¬ 
try  because  of  their  small  size  and  diffi¬ 
culty  of  identification.  Hence,  pedigree 
breeding  and  progeny  testing  opened 
the  flood  gates  to  mass  breeding  for 
production,  which  each  year  has  slowly 
raised  the  average  egg  production  per 
bird,  lengthened  the  average  life  of 
profitable  production,  improved  egg  and 
meat  quality,  fertility  and  hatching 
power,  and  the  beauty  of  the  birds. 
This  advancement  has  been  epoch  mak¬ 
ing  in  the  history  of  the  poultry  indus¬ 
try,  and  proves  the  mastery  of  man  in 
handling  the  forces  of  nature. 

Gf  nearly  equal  importance  in  the 
evolution  of  the  poultry  industry  have 
been  scientific  discoveries  in  the  con¬ 
struction  and  management  of  poultry 
buildings  for  the  mass  production  of 
all  classes  of  poultry,  and  the  same 
may  be  said  of  revolutionary  advance¬ 
ments  in  our  knowledge  of  feeding  for 
rearing,  and  for  egg  and  meat  pro¬ 
duction. 

Within  the  memory  of  the  preseht 
generation  we  have  seen  unfolded 
through  scientific  research  the  whole 
field  of  feeding  poultry  balanced, 
special-purpose  rations,  including  min¬ 
erals,  vitamins  and  other  essential 
qualities,  and  the  wholesale  manufac¬ 


ture  of  these  rations.  Thinking  back  to 
the  early  days  when  “corn  meal  dough” 
and  skim  milk  were  the  standard  feed 
’for  raising  chickens,  and  when  corn, 
oats  and  buckwheat  were  the  almost 
exclusive  feed  for  the  laying  flock  in 
northeastern  states,  one  marvels  that 
such  sensational  improvements  could 
have  taken  place  in  so  short  a  time. 
It  should  be  recalled,  however,  that  the 
saving  grace  in  feeding  poultry  of  all 
classes  in  early  days  was  the  fact  that 
the  flocks  were  comparatively  small 
and  for  the  most  part  enjoyed  the 
wide,  open  privilege  of  the  farm.  This 
provided  an  abundant  supply  of  green 
feeds,  insects,  worms,  seeds  and  waste 
grain. 

As  might  be  expected,  large  expan¬ 
sion  in  mass  production  and  labor  sav¬ 
ing  confinement  methods  has  brought 
grave  mortality  problems,  which  must, 
and  no  doubt  will,  be  met  by  scientific 
investigation  and  the  adoption  of  more 
rational  methods  of  management  in 
conserving  the  vitality  of  our  breed¬ 
ing  flocks,  which  supply  the  seed  bed 
for  renewing  the  new  life-producing 
power  of  poultry  everywhere. 

It  is  a  great  privilege  to  have  been 
permitted  to  live  in  this  glorious  age 
of  advancement  in  the  poultry  indus¬ 
try. 


Poultry’s  Golden  Opportunity 

( Continued  from  Page  31) 


have  allowed  them  to  be  exposed  to 
infection  from  the  laying  flock  when 
they  were  chicks.  That  often  happens. 
However,  it  was  shown  at  the  recent 
conference  that  very  likely  this  infec¬ 
tion  may  be  carried  inside  the  egg,  as 
we  know  Pullorum  disease  can  be  car¬ 
ried. 

Avoid  Gray  Eyes 

So,  if  my  pullets  were  dropping  out 
in  considerable  numbers  with  paraly¬ 
sis,  blindness,  or  big  livers,  I  would 
take  pains  to  get  chicks  from  someone 
who  allows  no  birds,  male  or  female, 
with  gray  eyes  in  his  breeding  pens.  At 
the  Iowa  Experiment  Station,  80  per 
cent  of  the  pullets  from  gray-eyed  par¬ 
ents  died  with  one  or  another  of  the 
three  ailments  just  mentioned,  and 
only  15  per  cent  of  the  offspring  of 
birds  with  normal  eyes  died  from  these 
causes.  When  I  got  these  chicks,  I 
would  become  an  “isolationist.”  I 
would  raise  them  a  long  distance  from 
the  old  stock  and  allow  no  contacts 
whatever  between  the  laying  house  and 
brooding  houses. 

This  subject  of  poultry  health  is  on 
my  mind  a  great  deal.  I  find  myself 
getting  around  to  it  in  spite  of  every¬ 
thing.  A  lot  more  could  be  done  about 
it  than  most  people  are  doing.  The 
trouble,  I  believe,  is  that  most  people 
tackle  it  at  the  wrong  end.  They  wait 
until  trouble  gets  into  the  flock  and 
then  they  want  to  doctor  the  birds 
with  medicines.  That  works  much  bet¬ 
ter  with  humans  than  it  ever  has  with 
liens.  Worm  powders,  vaccination  and 
flushes  are  helpful,  and  I  am  hopeful 
that  some  of  the  new  sulphur  drugs 
may  prove  to  be  miracle-workers  for 
poultrymen;  but  the  best  bet,  still,  is 
to  meet  the  invading  diseases  at  the 
gate,  with  a  shot  gun  if  necessary,  and 
keep  them  off  your  premises. 

Mr.  A.  bought  some  beautiful  male 
birds  to  introduce  new  blood  into  his 
flock.  The  cockerels  also  introduced  a 
severe  form  of  coryza  (colds). 

Mr.  B  bought  a  lot  of  pullets  at  an 
auction.  He  found  out  too  late  that 
they  had  recently  had  chicken  pox. 
They  gave  the  disease  to  the  rest  of 
his  flock. 

Mr.  C  took  a  crate  into  the  laying 
house  to  crate  up  some  cull  hens  for 
market.  The  crate  had  recently  been 
at  the  market.  He  wondered  where  the 


roup  came  from  that  turned  out  to  be 
cholera.  An  ounce  of  forethought  may 
prevent  tons  of  regret. 

Now  let’s  gfet  back  to  our  main 
topic.  By  the  way,  we  have  not  been 
on  a  detour;  merely  a  pause  while  we 
read  the  sign  “Caution — Danger  Ahead 
Proceed  Slowly.” 

Poultrymen  may  well  ask  how  long 
this  golden  opportunity  will  last?  The 
best  I  can  do  is  to  point  out  what  has 
happened  at  similar  periods  in  the  past 
and  suggest  that  history  has  a  way  of 
repeating  itself.  In  every  war-  that  has 
involved  this  country,  there  was  a 
great  increase  in  prices.  Always  the 
prices  of  things  that  farmers  sell  have 
gone  up  faster  than  the  pi’ices  of  other 
things.  That  has  put  farmers  in  a  fav¬ 
orable  position— as  long  as  prices  mov¬ 
ed  upward.  The  same  thing  is  happen¬ 
ing  again.  There  are  good  indications 
that  farmers  can  count  on  favorable 
conditions  at  least  until  1943.  Prices 
kept  on  going  up  for  two  years  after 
the  first  World  War  was  ended.  Even 
then  they  did  not  come  down  to  a  dis¬ 
astrous  level  until  1930  —  ten  years 
later. 

— a.  a. — 

We  have  decided  to  postpone  the 
West  Coast-Mexico  Tour  scheduled 
February  21  to  March  15.  After  the 
war  is  won,  we  plan  to  offer  you  the 
trip  again. 


“The  paint  store  says  it’ll  take 
three  days  for  that  paint  to  dry , 
dear!” 


4  =S.*v»- 


_.fr  *r{V  At~t*  » 


Our  Strongest 


Ally  . .  Health  ! 


AMERICA  again  fights  for  the  institutions  that  have  made  her  great. 

AGAIN  our  people  are  asked  to  give  of  their  resources  and  of  themselves. 

HARD,  trying  days  are  ahead.  They  will  draw  heavily  upon  body  and  spirit. 

WE  must  be  physically  fit  to  meet  this  supreme  test  of  America’s  ability 
to  survive. 

NEW  YORK  STATE’S  135,000  patriotic  dairymen  stand  ready  to 

% 

supply  “Nature’s  most  nearly  perfect  food”  to  make  us  ready  for  the 
big  job  ahead. 

THEY  produce  fresh  milk  as  pure  as  the  most  stringent  sanitation  and 
scientific  handling  can  make  it;  rich  in  the  minerals,  vitamins  and 
other  elements  every  person,  regardless  of  age,  needs  to  be  healthy 
and  able-bodied. 

BUT  they  haven’t  stopped  there.  From  their  own  pockets  they’re  paying 
half  the  cost  of  a  State-directed  advertising  campaign  to  tell  people  of 
the  benefits  and  health-giving  properties  of  their  product. 

A 

WE  are  proud  to  be  their  servants  in  this  great  public  service.  It  will  be 
no  fault  of  our  dairymen,  and  we  hope  none  of  ours,  if  any  man, 
woman  or  child  in  our  great  State  does  not  know  that  milk  can  be 
their  strongest  ally  in  girding  themselves  physically  for  the  sacrifices 
which  may  lie  ahead. 

BUREAU  OF  MILK  PUBLICITY 

ALBANY,  N.  Y. 


DIRECTING,  ON  BEHALF  OF  THE  STATE  AND  DAIRY  INDUSTRY,  THEIR  COOPERATIVE  MILK  CAMPAIGN 


ft 


(34)  3A 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


JOUR  GUARANTEE  You  need  have  no  hesitation  in  sending  money  to  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  baby  chick  advertisers  If  they  fail  to  send  the  chicks  to  you, 

your  money  will  be  refunded  We  require  every  advertiser  to  stand  back  of  statements  made  in  the  advertisement.  Obviously  no  one  can  guarantee  that  chicks  will 

'I  live.  To  take  advantage  of  our  guarantee  it  is  necessary,  when  writing  advertisers,  to  say,  “I  saw  your  advertisement  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST.” 


KERR  CHICKS 

ENLIST  FOR 
DEMOCRACY 


Lively  chicks 
from  the  big  Kerr 
incubators  are  go¬ 
ing  out  by  the  thousands  to  poultry 
growers  eager  to  answer  America’s  call 
for  more  and  more  eggs  and  poultry. 

Poultrymen  recognize  the  great  value 
of  the  Kerr  proven  program  of  culling, 
banding  and  blood-testing  parent  birds. 
They  realize  that,  because  of  these 
efforts,  Kerr  Chicks  grow  rapidly  and 
evenly,  have  superior  vitality,  possess 
great  laying  powers. 

Visit  the  Kerr  Breeding  Farm  any 
time.  Talk  your  problems  over  with 
Kerr  poultry  experts.  34  years  of  qual¬ 
ity  breeding. 

All  popular  breeds,  crosses 
and  sexed  White  Leghorns. 

Write  today  for  free  literature 
and  advance  order  discount  offer • 

-Kerr  Chickeries- 


21  RAILROAD  AVE.,  FRENCHTOWN,  N.  J. 
There's  a  branch  office  near  you— call  today 

Pennsylvania 

Dunmore 
Lancaster 
Lewistown 
Connecticut 
Danbury 


New  Jersey 
Jamesburg 
Paterson 
Woodbury 
Massachusetts 

W.  Springfield  Middletown 
Delaware  Schenectady 

Sol  by  vi  lie 


New  York 
Binghamton 
Blue  Point,  L.l. 
East  Syracuse 
Kingston 


(Address  Dept.  21) 


CASH  OU  C.O.L).  Str.  Pullets  Cltls 

1UU%  live  del.  Postpaid  100  100  100 

Eng.  VV.  Leg.  (Pits.  95%  guar.) _ $7.00  $12.00  $4.00 

Bar.  Box  &  R.  I.  Reds . .  8.00  9.00  8.00 

N  II.  Reds  &  Wh.  Rox _  8.50  10.00  8.50 

Heavy  Mixed  -  7.00  8.50  7.00 

All  Breeders  Bloodtested.  CATALOG  FREE. 

Lehman  Strawser  Hatchery,  Box  A,  McAlteterville.  Pa. 


Shellenberger’s  S.  C.  White  Leghorns 

Heavy  producers  of  large  White  eggs.  R.O.P. 
Sired  Chicks — Sexed  Pullets,  95%  Sex  guarantee 
— Day  Old  Cockerels.  Write  for  prices  and  Catalog. 
C.  M.  SHELLENBERGER’S  POULTRY  FARM 
Box  37,  Richfield,  Pa. 


W^^CHICKS  ON  CREDIT! 

Now  Hayes  Bros. sturdy  Supreme  Chicks 
sold  on  easy  payment  plan!  Paste  this 
ad  onto  penny  postal — add  your  name 
and  address — mail  to  us.  You’ll  get  a 
free  catalog — full  explanation  of  terms.  45,000  chicks 
hatched  daily — but  we  warn  you  to  order  early  this 
year!  20  varieties,  sexed  or  non-sexed.  100%  alive 
arrival.  Postpaid.  Quick  service.  Fair  dealing.  Act  now! 
Hayes  Bros.  Hatchery,  111  Hayes  Bldg.,  Decatur,  III. 


HELM'S  Eqq.Line  CHICKS 


improved  200-328  egg  R.O.P.  sires.  Leading 
breeds.  U.  S.  Approved,  pullorum  tested.  Cus¬ 
tomers  won  both  firsts.  Nat’l  chick  contest. 
World  record  Br.  Leghorn:  290  eggs:  317.45 
poinls.  Sexed  chicks.  Early  order  discount. 
ILLINOIS  HATCHERY,  Box  125,  Metropolis,  III. 


To  profit  by  our  guarantee,  be  sure  to 
mention  American  Agriculturist  when  you 
write  to  advertisers. 


Making  the  Best  Better 
By  Breeding 


OVER  the  centuries  men  with  vision 
have  striven  unceasingly  to  breed 
better  and  better  livestock,  crops  and 
fruit. 

Jacob  was  a  smart  livestock  breed¬ 
er,  or  so  he  thought.  Turn  to  the  thir¬ 
tieth  chapter  of  Genesis  in  the  Good 
Book  and  read  the  story.  Jacob  and 
Laban,  his  father-in-law,  agreed  to  di¬ 
vide  their  flocks  on  the  basis  of  color, 
all  the  spotted  and  speckled  ones  to  be 
Jacob’s  and  all  the  brown  ones  to  be 
Laban’s.  Then  Jacob  selected  all  of  the 
strongest  and  best  females  and  gave 
them  a  good  look  at  a  bundle  of  sticks 
from  which  patches  of  bark  had  been 
removed  to  make  them  “speckled.” 
These  good  cows,  so  the  story  goes, 
gave  birth  to  speckled  calves,  while 
the  weaker  ones,  who  were  not  shown 
the  speckled  sticks,  brought  forth 
brown  calves  that  were  added  to  La¬ 
ban’s  herd. 

Don’t  judge  Jacob  too  harshly  for 
his  clever  intentions.  Remember  that 
Laban  “pulled  a  fast  one”  too.  Jacob 
labored  seven  years  on  the  assumption 
that  Rachel  would  be  his  wife,  only  to 
find  that  the  bride  given  him  was  Leah, 
her  older  sister. 

An  occasional  person  still  believes  in 
the  theory  of  pre-natal  influence,  al¬ 
though  scientists  have  definitely  dis- 
proven  it.  Nothing  any  prospective 
mother  sees  can  have  the  slightest  in¬ 
fluence  on  her  offspring. 

Breeding  from  the  best  has  been  the 
generally  accepted  rule  for  ages,  but 
too  often  “guessing”  was  the  basis  of 
selection.  As  a  result,  progress  was 
slow.  Occasionally  an  outstanding  in¬ 
dividual  would  appear  without  appar¬ 
ent  rhyme  or  reason,  a  phenomenon 
labeled  a  “mutation”  or  “sport,”  to 
head  a  new  line  of  outstanding  merit. 

Cross-breeding  was  tried  with  neg¬ 
ligible  results.  The  idea  sounds  good — 
just  combine  all  of  the  good  qualities 
of  two  breeds.  The  trouble  was  that 
cross-breeding  (hybridizing)  in  the 
hands  of  amateurs  was  quite  as  likely 
to  combine  the  poor  qualities  as  the 
good  ones. 

Then  production  records  were  sought 
as  a  basis  for  breeding.  Hens  were 
trap-nested,  milk  weighed  and  tested 
for  butterfat,  crop  and  fruit  yields 
carefully  measured.  Temporarily  cat¬ 
tle  breeding  was  slowed  up  by  an  en¬ 
thusiasm  for  seven-day  tests  rather 
than  yearly  or  lifetime  tests,  an  en¬ 
thusiasm  which  soon  killed  itself. 

Today  we  have  information,  pains¬ 
takingly  collected  over  many  years,  on 
which  a  sound  constructive  breeding 
program  can  be  built  for  animals  and 
plants.  Take  cows  for  example.  We 
have  the  records.  We  have  learned  that 
a  high-producing  cow  whose  near  re¬ 
latives  are  high  producers  makes  a  de¬ 
sirable  dam.  We  have  learned  that  a 
sire  with  daughters  which  outyield 
their  dams  is  the  sire  to  use.  Further¬ 
more,  when  such  a  sire  is  located, 
there  is  the  program  of  artificial  in¬ 
semination  whereby  the  number  of  off¬ 
spring  of  that  sire  can  be  multiplied 
many  fold. 

What  about  poultry?  In  general,  the 
same  principles  hold  true  just  as  they 
do  with  all  livestock.  No  longer  do  we 
take  the  highest  producing  hen  in  the 
flock  and  say  with  certainty  that  she 
is  the  best  breeder.  We  pick  both  hens 
and  males  from  families  of  high  pro¬ 


ducers.  As  a  result,  the  300-egg  hen  is 
no  longer  a  freak,  and  a  flock  with  a 
200-egg  average  is  something  any 
poultryman  can  hope  for. 

Most  farmers  agree  that  we  already 
have  plenty  of  livestock  breeds,  and 
that  cross-breeding  as  a  method  of  im¬ 
proving  animals  is  definitely  restricted. 
Cross-breeding  is  often  used  to  produce 
hybrid  vigor  and  a  faster  gain  in  meat 
animals,  but  these  cross-breeds  go  to 
the  block  and  not  to  the  breeding  flock. 

Generally  speaking,  plant  breeding 
is  a  job  for  the  scientists,  who, 
through  painstaking  effort  in  selecting 
and  hybridizing,  produces  a  better 
strain  or  variety  and  passes  it  along 
to  the  farmer.  As  a  result,  we  have 
Cornellian,  Upright,  and  Ithacan  oats; 
Yorkwin  and  Forward  wheat;  Katah- 
din,  Chippewa  and  Houma  potatoes; 
McIntosh,  Cortland  and  Kendall  ap¬ 
ples;  the  Ontario  raspberry;  Fairfax 
strawberries;  Golden  Jubilee  peaches; 
and  many  others  too  numerous  to  men¬ 


tion.  * 

The  Geneva,  New  York,  Experiment 
Station  has  done  outstanding  work  on 
new  varieties  of  apples  and  berries; 
New  Jersey  on  peaches;  and  Cornell  on 
field  crops  and  grasses. 

There  has  been  a  revived  interest  re¬ 
cently  in  sports  or  mutations  as  a 
means  of  improving  crops.  Science  has 
developed  a  drug  called  colchicine 
which  can  be  used  to  induce  these  sud¬ 
den  changes.  No  longer  is  it  neces¬ 
sary  for  the  scientists  to  wait  on  na¬ 
ture’s  pleasure  in  producing  mutations. 

Meanwhile,  many  a  farmer  who  sows 
the  seed  and  reaps  the  harvest  fails 
to  use  all  of  the  breeding  information 
available.  Many  do;  and  as  the  results 
are  seen,  others  will  follow,  gradually 
raising  the  yield  and  quality  of  the 
production  per  animal,  per  tree,  or  per 
acre. 

The  scientist  is  never  satisfied.  As 
soon  as  a  better  variety  appears,  he 
raises  his  conception  of  the  ideal.  New 
facts  will  be  discovered  and  present 
knowledge  will  be  applied  in  new  fields. 
The  outlook  for  the  breeder  of  crops 
and  livestock  is  bright  and  the  sky  is 
the  limit! 


The  Poultry  Business  Has  Grown  Up 

(Continued  from  Page  30) 


story  poultry  houses.  There  was  some 
scoffing  at  the  idea,  but  it  worked. 
Travel  around  the  Northeastern  coun¬ 
tryside  now  and  in  many  areas  you 
will  fihd  that  most  of  the  new  houses 
are  not  one  story,  but  two  or  more. 
The  two  expensive  parts  of  a  poultry 
house  are  the  foundation  and  roof,  and 
it  is  easy  to  figure  that  a  three-story 
house  takes  less  foundation  and  less 
roof  per  thousand  hens  than  does  a 
single-story  house. 

But  it  wasn’t  until  artificial  incuba¬ 
tion  was  perfected  that  the  poultry 
business  really  began  to  grow.  Artific¬ 
ial  incubation  is  no  new  thing;  they 
tell  us  that  the  Chinese  practiced  it 
centuries  ago,  yet  a  dose  of  Yankee 
ingenuity  was  needed  to  make  it  prac¬ 
tical  in  America.  Poultrymen  hailed  the 
old  120-egg  machine  with  a  kerosene 
oil  lamp  as  a  big  stride  ahead,  and  so 
it  was.  It  hatched  chickens,  but  at  the 
expense  of  many  headaches  and  cuss- 
words.  What  a  change  there  has  been 
from  that  old  contraption  to  the  mod¬ 
ern,  electrically-heated  thermostat-con¬ 
trolled,  moisture-controlled,  forced-ven¬ 
tilation  machine  of  these  days. 

Once  hatched,  motherless  chicks 
must  be  brooded.  That  was  an  easier 


\J> 

"  CUD 

-  c=> 

Dll 

□c 

□c 

□c 

o  0  O 

“I  came  back,  Pop,  because  1 
couldn’t  stand  the  thought  of  miss¬ 
ing  American  Agriculturist.” 


problem,  quickly  solved  by  the  develop¬ 
ment  of  a  brooder,  heated  first  by  coal 
and  later  by  oil,  electricity,  or  bottled 
gas. 

Then  there  was  the  question  of  feed¬ 
ing.  Our  common  grains,  low  in  pro¬ 
tein  as  they  are,  were  quite  sufficient 
for  the  hen  who  laid  a  few  eggs  in  the 
spring  and  loafed  the  rest  of  the  year. 
She  could  supplement  her  small  needs 
for  additional  proteins  by  picking  up 
bugs  and  insects;  but  when  a  poultry- 
man  began  to  keep  from  500  up  to 
1,000  hens,  the  bug  population  per  hen 
shrunk  rapidly.  Again  research  men 
came  to  the  rescue  and  worked  out 
balanced  poultry  rations  which  filled 
the  bill — and  the  egg  basket. 

In  this  chronicle  of  how  the  poultry 
business  grew  up,  tribute  must  be  paid 
to  the  poultry  equipment  manufactur¬ 
ers.  How  many  hens  can  a  man  take 
care  of?  That  depends  on  many  things. 
Once  it  was  considered  that  1,000  hens 
would  keep  one  man  quite  busy.  With 
the  help  of  modern  equipment,  he  can 
do  a  lot  better  these  days.  No  longer 
does  he  lug  water  in  a  milk  pail.  Grav¬ 
ity  or  electricity  brings  water  right  in¬ 
to  the  hen  house,  where  electric  water 
heaters  keep  it  from  freezing.  All  the 
poultry  keeper  has  to  do  is  to  keep  the 
water  running  and  keep  the  fountains 
clean. 

Multi-story  houses  save  steps.  Feed 
elevators  replace  lame  backs;  and  once 
at  the  top  of  the  building,  feed  chutes 
bring  grain  and  mash  to  each  individ¬ 
ual  pen. 

The  hen  of  yesterday  often  had  too 
much  fresh  air  and  too  little  feed;  but 
as  a  rugged  individualist,  she  was 
healthy.  As  poultrymen  kept  larger  and 
larger  flocks,  trouble  developed.  Again 
the  scientists  investigated  to  find  the 
causes  of  new  diseases  and  to  suggest 
remedies  for  them.  Nothing  is  ever 
finished;  we  expect  to  find  still  better 
methods  of  breeding,  feeding,  and 
housing;  but  at  this  moment  disease 
control  is  one  of  the  chief  hurdles  that 
the  poultry  keeper  must  jump.  Though 
the  scientists  have  done  wonders,  there 
is  still  much  to  do.  Pullorum  and  other 
( Continued  on  opposite  page ) 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


3«5  ( 351 


OUR  GUARANTEE.  You  need  have  no  hesitation  In  sending  money  to  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  baby  chick  advertisers.  If  they  fail  to  send  the  chicks  to  you. 
your  money  will  be  refunded.  We  require  every  advertiser  to  stand  back  of  statements  made  in  the  advertisement.  Obviously  no  one  can  guarantee  that  chicks  will 
live.  To  take  advantage  of  our  guarantee  it  is  necessary,  when  writing  advertisers,  to  say,  “I  saw  your  advertisement  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST.” 


V 


AID  NATIONAL 
DEFENSE  with 


HAWS 

QUALITY 

CHICKS 

for  Increased  Egg  Production 

Sec.  of  Agriculture  Wickard  has  asked  for  the 
production  of  4,000,000  dozen  eggs  in  1942. 
This  is  a  big  job  for  the  poultrymen  of 
America,  but  you  can  help  do  your  part  with 
HAUL'S  Quality  CHICKS — ohicks  from  stock 
that  has  '  been  bred  for  high  production. 
The  majority  of  our  flocks  are  headed  by 
males  from  It.O.P.  "or  pedigree  sources,  and 
our  program  of  feeding  and  selective  breed¬ 
ing  results  in  high  production  of  large,  good 
quality  eggs. 

Step  up  your  egg  production  with  Hall's 
Quality  Chicks.  ORDER  NOW  —  You  still 
have  time  if  you  hurry  — 

5%  Discount  on  orders  for 
Hall  Chicks  received  before 
Feb.  1st  with  cash 
in  full — for  deliv¬ 
ery  after  Feb.  1st. 

All  chicks  f  rom 
Pullorum  Free 
Stock,  shipped  pre¬ 
paid  and  guaran¬ 
teed  100%  Live 
CATALOG--  Delivery. _ 


HALL  BROTHERS  HATCHERY ,  INC. 

BOXS9  .  WALLINGFORD.  CONN. 


f 


RECORD  OF  PERFORMANCE 

BABY  ^CHICKS 


JILL  VAN  DUZER  chicks  are  Record 
”  of  Performance  sired.  Large  birds. 
Large  eggs.  Your  profits  depend  on  liv¬ 
ability  and  profitable  egg  production. 
You  can  depend  on  Van  Duzer’s  chicks  to 
do  it.  We  make  no  claims  that  cannot 
be  backed  up  by  performance. 

New  York  State,  Western  Test,  10-year 
average  2202  eggs ;  2273.94  points ;  24.64 
ounces  per  dozen ;  9.2%  Mortality ;  90.7 
Viability  ;  average  eggs  per  bird  220.2. 

4  Breeds :  Single  Comb  White  Leghorns  ; 
New  Hampshire  Reds ;  Barred  Rocks ; 
Barred  Cross.  All  officially  blood  tested. 
Chicks  guaranteed  free  from  Pullorum. 
Send  your  order  in  time  for  early  order  discount 
and  to  surely  meet  your  desired  delivery  date. 

VANDUZER  POULTRY  FARM 

SUGAR  LOAF,  Box  A,  NEW  YORK 
Write  tor  illustrated  Catalog. 


ffHm^tOCK 

I 


.*12. 


bABY 

too 

EGGS  FOR  . 
HATCHING  T  /  *  IOO 

Special  Price  on  LARGE  ORDERS 

All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100% 
State  Tested  (15WD  free).  Tube  Agglut.  TOL- 
MAN’S  CHICKS  famous  for  RAPID  GROWTH. 
EARLY  MATURITY.  Profitable  EGG  YIELD. 
Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters  or 
market  eggs.  '  Send  for  FREE  Circular. 

i  SPECIALIZE  ONE  BREED.  ONE 
GRADE  at  ONE  PRICE. 

Dept.  B. 

ROCKLAND 

MASS. 


JOSEP 


HI 


TOLMAH 


BROS. 


LEMENTSB 

HICKS^M 


Cl 

|  ff”  ■!»  C  I  e  m-Cross  I 
nlbVEdi  sex-  linked 
baby  pullets  I 
are  reaching  wide  popularity! 
because  of  their  profit-abilities. 

SO  are  CLEMENTS’  Reds,  Barred  and  U 
White  Rocks  and  Clem-Rock  cross  chicks.  Bred  right. 
Maine-U.  S.  Pullorum  clean.  Catalog  tells  about  co¬ 
operative  savings  plan.  Write  today. 

CLEMENTS  BROS.  FARMS 
Box  24  Winterport,  Maine 


ALWAYS  use  the  complete  address 

when  answering  advertise¬ 
ments,  and  avoid  any  delay. 


( Continued  from  opposite  page) 
diseases  can  be  controlled,  and  we  can 
vaccinate  for  fowl  pox;  but  colds,  roup, 
paralysis,  and  other  troubles  continue 
to  take  too  great  a  toll. 

Marketing  has  been  streamlined,  too. 
Years  ago,  eggs  from  the  farm  flock 
were  taken  to  the  store  and  exchanged 
for  groceries.  Once  a  week,  or  maybe 
once  in  two  weeks,  a  huckster  would 
come  along,  pick  up  the  eggs,  and  haul 
them  around  the  country  on  the  back 
of  his  wagon  while  the  hot  sun  took 
its  toll  of  quality.  Eventually  they 
reached  the  city  housewife,  and  it’s 
small  wonder  that  she  didn’t  use  many. 

These  days  the  poultryman  gathers 
eggs  at  least  twice  a  day,  keeps  them 
in  a  cool,  moist  egg  room,  and  rushes 
them  to  market  twice  a  week.  The  re¬ 
sults  have  been  startling.  City  buyers 
and  city  housewives  who  want  top- 
quality  eggs  have  learned  to  buy  them 
of  northeastern  producers. 

A  man  who  will  predict  what  is 
ahead  for  the  poultry  industry  is  go¬ 
ing  way  out  on  a  limb.  So  far  as  the 
breeding  is  concerned,  we  can  state 
definitely  that  the  goal  is  in  sight. 
After  all,  while  a  few  hens  have  laid 
two  a  day,  we  cannot  expect  most  hens 
to  lay  more  than  one  egg  a  day,  and 
many  of  them  now  approach  that. 
What  we  can  expect  is  that  a  far  larg¬ 
er  percentage  of  all  hens  will  get  with¬ 
in  gunshot  of  an  egg  a  day.  We  will 
have  fewer  poor  hens — more  good  ones. 

We  predict  that  the  biggest  progress 
will  be  in  disease  control.  We  may  have 
poultry  troubles  that  cannot  be  elimi¬ 
nated.  If  not,  we  will  learn  to  control 
them  and  to  live  with  them,  just  as  we 
have  learned  to  control  but  not  eradi¬ 
cate  coccidiosis. 

We  will  take  a  chance  on  this  one 
prediction  —  poultry  keeping  in  the 
Northeast  will  increase  in  importance. 
More  and  more  men  will  become  spec¬ 
ialists  in  it.  More  and  more  general 
farmers  will  increase  their  flocks.  We 
have  the  markets.  We.  know  how  to 
keep  them.  Yes,  the  poultry  business 
has  grown  up.  Well — perhaps  not  quite 
grown  up,  but  it  is  a  pretty  husky 
youngster,  just  ready  to  put  in  its  best 
work  for  northeastern  farmers. 

—  A.  a. — 

Urge  More  Farm  Flocks 

A  committee  appointed  at  the  Uni¬ 
versity  of  Maine  suggests  that  to  meet 
the  request  of  the  Federal  Government 
to  produce  more  eggs  in  1942,  more 
farm  families  keep  small  flocks  from 
12  to  50  hens.  There  is  usually  a  place 
on  the  farm  to  house  a  small  flock. 
It  will  pay  dividends  they  say  and 
better  the  family  diet  by  using  more 
meat  and  eggs. 

Side-line  owners  of  poultry  flocks 
may  increase  the  number  of  their  birds 
and  increase  the  income  during  the 
next  year.  Commercial  poultrymen 
will  find  it  good  business,  the  commit¬ 
tee  says,  to  increase  the  output  of  eggs 
by  keeping  laying  pens  and  brooder 
equipment  operating  at  capacity.  Wise 
choice  of  hatching  dates,  hatching  at 
least  three  lots  of  chicks,  and  use  of 
shelters  in  the  summer  will  go  far  to¬ 
ward  making  more  use  of  commercial 
equipment. — V.  W.  Canham. 

—a.  a. — 

One  of  the  most  effective  ways  of 
controlling  cannibalism  is  to  use  one 
of  three  protective  devices — either  vent 
shields;  a  guard  which  covers  the 
beak;  or  colored  “specs.”  The  latter 
two  appliances  are  attached  through 
the  nostrils. 


1MBMB  DAP 
WERE  SIRED 


DAY-OLbTsMRTED  CHICKS 

BIG  SAVINGS  on  EARLY  ORDERS 

Wene  R.  O.  P.  Sired  Chicks  insured  thru  first  14-Day  Danger  Period 
—  any  loss  replaced  FULLY  without  charge.  More  2-to-5-year-old 
HEN  BREEDERS  headed  by  200  to  314  Egg  Official  Record  pedigreed 
R.  O.  P.  Sires  than  any  other  Eastern  plant.  U.  S.  N.  J.  APPROVED. 
Hatches  year  ’round.  Capacity  1,800,000  eggs.  All  popular  pure  or  cross¬ 
breeds.  BLOODTESTED.  Credit,  if  desired.  Write  today  for  FREE  CATALOG. 

WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  Dept.  A-4,  VINELAND,  N.J. 


REDBI RD 


90,000  BREEDERS 
State  Pullorum  Tested 

REDBIRD  FARM  has  grown  from  a  flock  of  48  birds 
into  a  mighty  breeding  institution.  Our  Hatching 
Eggs  are  produced  on  our  own  300-acre  farm. 
Delighted  customers  are  continually  reporting: 

3-lb.  Broilers  at  10  weeks 
50%  Production  of  24-oz.  Eggs 
from  6-month  Pullets. 

98%  Livability  Guaranteed  First  4  Weeks  on 

Special,  Grade-A,  and  Grade-B  ohicks. 
RHODE  ISLAND  REDS  — Our  original  strain. 

State  Contest  records  up  to  334  eggs. 

NEW  HAM  PS  HIRES— Blend  of  finest  New  England 
strains,  bred  and  selected  for  two  years. 
ROCK-RED  CROSS — For  Barred  Broilers,  Roasters. 
RED-ROCK  Sex-Link  CROSS— For  Dark  Pullets, 
BARRED  Cockerels,  Sexes  separated. 
BARRED  ROCKS — Bred  to  full  standard  weight. 
WHITE  LEGHORNS— Large  type,  large  eggs. 
SEXED  CHICKS — 95%  Accuracy  Guaranteed. 

Save  Money  on  Early  Order  Discount. 

Write  for  free  Catalog,  Price  List  and  Early  Order 
Discount  Offer,  good  until  Feb.  1st 

REDBIRD  FARM  y  Wrentham,  Mass. 

World's  Largest  R.  I.  Red  Breeding  Farm. 


You'll  see  the  difference  in  better  livability,  quicker 
growth,  feathering,  early  maturity,  and  heavy  all- 
weather  production  of  big  eggs. 

15,000  Breeders — 100%  N.  H.  Pullorum  Clean. 

The  Demand  is  heavy  for  Moul's  New  Hampshires  and 
Cross  Breds,  so  order  early  —  send  for  catalog  today. 

MOUL’S  Brentwood  POULTRY  FARMS 

Box  A,  EXETER,  N.  H. 


High  Production  Stock 

___  Douglaston  20  bird  pen  at  W.  N.  Y. 
Contest  1940-41  averaged  237  eggs,  244  points  with 
90%  livability.  The  same  careful  breeding  is  behind 
all  Douglaston  Chicks.  Sexed 
or  Unsexed,  Write  for  free 
Catalog.  Order  early. 

Douglaston  Manor  Farm 

R.D.  I,  PULASKI,  N.  Y. 


Doi&ni 


and 

SEXED  PULLETS 

R.  O.  P  SIRED 

Leghorns  -  hew  Hampshires 
Rocks  -  Reds  -  Crossbreds 
Hatched  from  Pullorum  Clean  Breeders 

Guarantee  Protects  Ycu.  Early  Order  Discount. 

Write  for  Catalog  and  Prices. 
TAYLOR’S  hATCHERY,  Box  A,  LIBERTY,  N.  Y. 


CONTENT  FARMS 

W  s.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS  “ 

For  past  3  years  our  pens  at  Central  N.  Y.  Laying 
Contest  have  led  all  pens  all  breeds  in  combined  pro¬ 
duction  and  livability.  We  had  high  Leghorn  pen  at 
Farmingdale  Contest  1941.  Order  now  for  1942  delivery. 
Write  today  for  advance  price  list  and  catalog. 
CONTENT  FARMS,  BOX  A,  CAMBRIDGE,  N.  Y. 


Your  Chicks  MUST  be  good  this  year! 
Don’t  take  chances.  Clauser  chicks  are  from 
large  size,  heavy  production  Barron  English  S.  C.  W. 
Leghorns.  Hens  weigh  up  to  7  lbs.  Mated  with  R.O.P. 
Pedigreed  Cockerels.  Extra  quality  chicks  from  Blood-test¬ 
ed.  healthy,  vigorous  selected  stock.  Straight  run,  sexed 
pullets  or  cockerels.  Write  for  price  list  and  catalog. 

Robert  L.  Clauser  Klei  nf  eltersvi  lie.  Pa. 


nilAI  ITV  Dfllll  TC  5  Best  Breeds.  Blood  Tested 
l|UHLI  I  I  rVJUL  I  O  Breeders.  Priced  Reasonable. 
Circular.  SEIDELT0N  FARMS,  Washingtonville,  Pa. 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


Hatched  in  Elec,  incubators.  Hatches  Tues.  &  Thurs. 
Order  from  ad  or  write  for  actual  photo  catalog. 

Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

Eng.  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns.-.  $8.00  $13.00  $4.00 

Bar.  &  Wh.  Rocks,  R.  I.  Reds  9.00  11.00  9.00 

N.  HA MP. REDS  (AAA  Sup.)  11.00  14.00  9.00 

Red-Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross  9.00  11.00  9.00 

Heavy  Broiler  Cockerels  (our  selection) _ $8.-100 

H.  Mixed  $8.-100.  STARTED  CHICKS  2  TO  4  WKS. 
OLD.  All  Breeders  Bloodtested  for  B.W.D.  Stained 
Antigen  method.  100%  live  del.  guar.  We  pay  all 
postage.  Sexing  guaranteed  95%  accurate. 

C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


El 


QUALITY  CHICKS 


DO  YOU  WANT  LARGER  PROFITS? 

Then  send  a  post  card  today  for  FREE  16  page  il¬ 
lustrated  catalog  describing  our  Stock  and  Hatchery. 
Breeders  Bloodtested  and  Culled — carefully  selected  for 
heavy  weight  and  high  producing  flock  averages.  Why 
be  satisfied  with  inferior  chicks — get  quality  stock  at 
no  extra  cost,  bred  for  the  sole  purpose  of  producing 
extra  profits  for  YOU.  Write: 

MCALISTERVILLE  HATCHERY. 

Edgar  C.  Leister,  Owner,  Box  20,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


DUCKLINGS 


niiJIImro-  Mammoth  Pekins  and  White  Runners. 
UUCKlingS  •  HARRY  BURNHAM,  No.  Collins,  N.Y. 


GEESE 


EMBDEN  GEESE  AND  GANDERS,  $4  each.  Beauties. 
Collie  Pups,  $10,  $5.  P.  McCullough,  Mercer.  Pa. 


SQUABS 


do  -  it  -  with 


4A 


Royal  squabs  UP,  UP  in  city  mar¬ 
kets.  Supply  low.  Why  breed  for  less  profit  trade 
when  this  LUXURY  poultry  (raised  in  25  days)  is  in 
active  demand?  FREE  BOOK  has  personal  detailed 
accounts  bv  know-how  breeders.  It’s  helpful.  Write  for 
it  today.  RICE  FARM,  206  H.  St.,  MELROSE,  MASS. 


GET  ON  THE  RIGHT 
TRACK 

WHETHER  you  need  a  product 
now  or  at  some  time  in  the 
future,  get  the  habit  of  reading  the 
advertisements  in  AMERICAN 
AGRICULTURIST.  Get  on  the  right 
track  by  posting  yourself  in  ad¬ 
vance.  Learn  the  features  of  a  good 
up-to-date  radio,  tractor,  or  auto¬ 
mobile:  read  about  quality  soaps, 
breakfast  foods,  household  equip¬ 
ment,  furniture  and  the  like.  Make 
out  your  shopping  list  before  you 
go  to  town  and  ask  for  the  ad¬ 
vertised  brands.  Then  you  know  you 
are  buying  right,  for  only  goods 
which  the  Dublic  has  accepted  as 
worth  their  price  can  be  persistently 
advertised.  This  is  especially  true 
of  advertisements  you  see  in 
AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  be¬ 
cause  only  advertisements  from 
dependable  manufacturers  are  ac¬ 
cepted.  Mention  AMERICAN  AGRI¬ 
CULTURIST  when  you  write  to 
these  advertisers. 


xiuar’y 


GEORGE  F.  MANZELMANN 


is  '  j 

tne  XOOtYi  porth 

<Qn  of  -r>\  st  we  0 ^  con- 
On  the rlcan-  *6ri  t^insnrahoe  ^*P paper  on 

of  Tcan  ^o°ide«nalement  of  ^ent. 

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Rratulate  d  recora 

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tW  ongi1-  n  ^cCi<ieri 

•Kiorti1  ^Lts  are 

'fon  *°ncf  company  P^lhese  ^oftant 
insnra  fortunaie*  is  raos  p.ainst  i 

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of  t^e  **  a  friend^ 

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=ickneS  r*  Yieed  • 

ti^e  ot  -  n-w  ^j-onrs, 


North  American  Accident 

££&»**'* ' 

Insurance  Co.  of  Chicago 

Oldest  cuucL  La/Uf&ii  SxjduAive  Health  and  Accident  Cotaptatif  it i  AwjsALc/l 


American  Agriculturist,  January  ",  1912 


■,*  * 


(37) 


Raising 
Pork 
in 

i  : 

the 

|  • 

l]aU+t  P.  WilltncM 


THERE  has  been  an  active  demand 
for  feeder  pigs  in  the  Northeast 
(luring  the  past  spring  and  summer. 
Sow  owners  have  reported  that  they 
have  been  unable  to  supply  the  demand 
for  feeder  pigs  for  home  production. 
Pork  production  is  a  much  more  popu¬ 
lar  subject  of  conversation  today  than 
it  was  six  months  or  a  year  ago  when 
pork  prices  were  much  lower.  The 
purebred  breeder  is  finding  it  difficult 
to  supply  the  present  demand  for  pigs 
that  are  suitable  for  breeding  purposes. 

For  many  years  the  hog  has  been 
universally  known  as  the  ‘‘Mortgage 
Lifter.”  The  hog  excels  in  the  economy 
with  which  he  converts  feed  into  edible 
flesh.  He  consumes  large  quantities  of 
grain  and  concentrates,  but  he  also 
can  eat,  and  efficiently  convert  into 
meat,  many  waste  products  or  by¬ 
products  of  the  farm  that  otherwise 
might  not  be  so  efficiently  used.  On 
many  farms  the  wastes  from  the  kitch¬ 
en,  the  dairy,  and  the  garden  furnish 
much  of  the  feed  needed  for  one  or 
more  pigs.  The  pork  in  excess  of  that 
needed  at  home  usually  may  be  mar¬ 
keted  in  the  neighborhood  or  in  the 
nearby  villages  or  cities. 

Hogs  Eat  Cheap  Feeds 

Farmers  seldom  will  find  pork  pro¬ 
duction  a  profitable  enterprise  in  this 
northeastern  country  if  they  are  forced 
to  buy  all  of  their  grain  and  concen¬ 
trates  at  retail  prices  and  then  sell 
their  fat  hogs  at  wholesale  prices.  On 
the  other  hand  there  are  very  few 
years  when  it  does  not  pay  to  grow 
pigs  with  the  use  of  low-priced  feeds 
that  are  available  in  most  communities. 
Cooked  cull  beans,  cooked  cull  pota¬ 
toes,  bakery  refuse,  garbage,  skimmilk, 
buttermilk  and  whey  are  a  few  of  the 
feeds  that  are  now  being  fed  to  hogs 
by  many  successful  northeastern  pork 
producers.  Such  feeds  supplemented 
with  farm  grown  or  purchased  grain 
and  protein-rich  feeds  are  excellent  for 
pork  production.  The  use  of  such  feeds 
enables  many  farmers  to  provide  their 
families  with  a  highly  nutritious  home¬ 
grown  meat  supply. 

Need  Well  Balanced  Rations 

Swine  suffer  more  frequently  from 
inadequate  rations  than  do  other  farm 
animals.  This  is  due  to  the  fact  that 
most  swine,  unlike  other  farm  animals, 
are  fed  rations  that  consist  largely  of 
grain  or  grain  substitutes  and  they  are 
given  little  or  no  roughage  such  as  pas¬ 
ture  or  hay.  The  use  of  such  pasture 
crops  as  alfalfa,  clover  or  rape  for 
swine  in  summer  results  in  more  eco¬ 


nomical  gains  and  enables  the  farmer 
to  produce  healthier  hogs.  Alfalfa  or 
clover  hay  is  a  very  important  addition 
to  the  ration  fed  to  hogs  in  dry  lot. 

Pasture 

Feeding  trials  at  many  experiment 
stations  throughout  the  country  have 
demonstrated  that  an  acre  of  good 
alfalfa  or  clover  hay  pastured  by  grow¬ 
ing  and  fattening  pigs  is  equivalent  to 
the  value  of  more  than  1100  pounds  of 
corn  and  about  450  pounds  of  tankage 
or  meat  scraps.  At  present  feed  prices 
one  acre  of  good  pasture  properly  graz¬ 
ed  by  pigs  would  bring  about  a  saving 
of  thirty-five  dollars  in  feed  bills.  An 
acre  of  good  pasture  usually  will  pro¬ 
vide  enough  grazing  for  20  full-fed  pigs 
from  weaning  time  until  they  reach 
market  weights. 

Hay  for  Hogs 

About  five  per  cent  of  ground  or 
chopped  alfalfa  or  clover  hay  should 
be  included  in  the  rations  fed  to  grow¬ 
ing  and  fattening  pigs  during  the  win¬ 
ter  months.  The  rations  fed  to  the 
breeding  herd  may  contain  as  much  as 
10  or  15  per  cent  of  hay.  The  owners 
of  only  one  or  two  pigs  may  wish  to 
use  the  leaves  that  drop  off  of  such  hay 
rather  than  to  provide  ground  hay.  The 
inclusion  of  hay  in  rations  for  swine 
provides  protein  of  good  quality  and 
also  supplies  much  calcium  and  vita¬ 
mins.  Pigs  are  not  apt  to  become  stiff 
or  develop  rickets  during  the  winter 
months  when  sun-cured  hay  is  included 
in  the  ration. 

'  Balanced  Rations 

Garbage  is  a  well  balanced  feed,  but 
is  a  little  too  bulky  to  serve  as  the 
only  feed  for  pigs  under  70  or  75 
pounds  in  weight.  A  ration  consisting 
of  grain  alone  or  grain  and  wheat 
middlings  does  not  give  the  best  re¬ 
sults.  Grain  or  grain  by-products 
should  be  supplemented  with  protein- 
rich  feeds  of  animal  origin  such  as 
dairy  by-products  or  tankage,  meat 
scraps  or  fishmeal.  A  small  amount  of 
linseed  meal  or  soybean  meal  may  be 
substituted  for  part  of  the  above  pro¬ 
tein-rich  feeds. 

A  ration  consisting  of  68  pounds  of 
ground  corn,  15  pounds  of  wheat  mid¬ 
dlings,  7  pounds  of  tankage,  meat 
scraps  or  fishmeal,  5  pounds  of  linseed 
meal  and  5  pounds  of  ground  alfalfa 
hay  is  a  good  mixture  for  pigs  from 
50  to  100  pounds  in  weight  or  for  brood 
sows  nursing  pigs  in  dry  lot. 

If  the  pigs  are  over  100  pounds  in 
weight  and  are  fed  in  dry  lot  they 


OUCH!  IT’S  HOT 
That’s  right,  the  pigs  on 
the  farm  of  Beniah  Mor¬ 
rison  and  Son  at  Rens¬ 
selaer  Falls  know  from 
experience  that  the  little 
wire  hung  on  posts  around 
their  pen  has  a  kick  in  it 
and  consequently  they 
stay  where  they  belong. 
The  Morrisons  have  about 
3000  chickens,  80  to  100 
pigs,  20  to  24  milking  cows 
in  addition  to  a  few  other 
minor  farm  enterprises 
and  they  can’t  waste  time 
chasing  runaway  pigs.  The 
ones  in  the  picture  refuse 
to  be  tempted  by  the 
grass  in  Ray’s  hand — that 


Is,  they  aren’t  tempted  as  long  as  he  holds  it  near  the  wire. 


should  do  well  on  a  ration  of  70  pounds 
of  ground  corn,  20  pounds  of  wheat 
middlings,  5  pounds  of  tankage,  meat 
scraps  or  fish-meal,  and  5  pounds  of 
ground  alfalfa  hay. 

Pregnant  brood  sows  during  the  win¬ 
ter  months  may  be  fed  a  ration  consist¬ 
ing  of  67  pounds  of  ground  corn,  20 
pounds  of  wheat  middlings,  3  pounds  of 
tankage  and  10  pounds  of  ground  al¬ 
falfa  hay. 

These  are  only  a  few  sample  rations, 
but  there  are  many  others  that  would 
give  just  as  satisfactory  results.  Cook¬ 
ed  cull  beans  or  potatoes  or  bakery 
refuse  may  be  substituted  for  part  of 
the  grain. 

Fall  Pigs 

A  great  many  eastern  farmers  still 
believe  that  it  is  not  possible  to  raise 
fall  pigs  satisfactorily,  but  modern 
feeding  practices  have  shown  this  be¬ 
lief  to  be  erroneous.  Numerous  feeding 
experiments  have  shown  that  fall  pigs 
make  excellent  gains  without  the  use 
of  any  dairy  by-products  whatsoever 
if  they  are  fed  efficient  rations  that 
supply  plenty  of  vitamins  and  minerals 
and  sufficient  protein. 

More  Hogs  for  the  East 

There  are  numerous  opportunities  for 
the  economical  production  of  pork  in 
the  Northeast.  There  are  very  few 
farmers  who  could  not  profitably  pro¬ 
duce  the  home  pork  supply  and  in  cer¬ 
tain  localities  there  are  sufficient  sup¬ 
plies  of  cheap  feeds  for  larger  herds 
of  swine.  The  producers  who  breed  a 
good  type  of  hog,  follow  a  system  of 
swine  sanitation,  and  feed  economical 
and  satisfactory  rations  have  found 
pork  production  a  profitable  enterprise 
on  many  northeastern  farms. 

— a.  a. — 

A  Backward  anil  a  Forward 
Look  in  Animal  Husbandry 

( Continued  from  Page  24) 
with  his  agricultural  college.  They  al¬ 
ways  try  to  give  him  unprejudiced 
advice. 

Real  advances  in  livestock  breeding 
have  come  slower  than  the  discoveries 
in  feeding  and  nutrition.  This  is  be¬ 
cause  genetics  is  even  more  complex 
than  chemistry  and  because  much  less 
exact  experimental  work  has  yet  been 
done  in  this  field. 

The  investigators  in  plant  breeding 
are  able  to  conduct  their  experiments 
with  thousands  of  individual  plants, 
and  have  often  been  able  to  make 
rapid  progress.  For  example,  high- 
yielding  hybrid  and  double-cross  corn 
has  now  practically  displaced  the  older 
varieties.  The  scientist  studying  prob¬ 
lems  in  animal  breeding  can  generally 
work  with  only  a  relatively  few  ani¬ 
mals.  Progress  is  therefore  much 
slower. 

Slow  But  Sure 

However,  in  spite  of  the  difficulties, 
much  real  progress  has  been  made  in 
animal  breeding.  Our  purebred  live¬ 
stock  today  are  capable  of  decidedly 
higher  production  than  the  livestock 
of  thirty  years  ago.  Progress  has  been 
especially  marked  in  the  breeding  of 
dairy  cattle  and  poultry.  This  has  been 
brought  about  through  the  definite 
records  of  production  secured  by  test¬ 
ing  cows  and  trapnesting  hens.  Re¬ 
cently,  a  great  advance  has  become 
possible  in  dairy  cattle  breeding,  be¬ 
cause  of  “herd  analyses”  of  dairy  herds 
and  because  of  the  wider  use  of  su¬ 
perior  proved  sires  in  artificial  breed¬ 
ing  circuits. 

Looking  ahead,  I  believe  improve¬ 
ment  through  live  stock  breeding  is 
now  at  the  same  stage  as  research  on 
vitamins,  minerals,  and  proteins  was 
thirty  years  ago.  I  predict  that  dur¬ 
ing  the  coming  years  improvements  in 
animal  husbandry  through  advances  in 
breeding  will  perhaps  even  surpass  the 
further  improvements  we  can  make  in 
feeding  and  nutrition. 


They  wouldn't  believe 
my  story  about  REAL 
Hickory  smoke  flavor! 


A  Order  Old  Hickory 
^from  your  grocer  now!  But  be  ~ 
smart!  Ask  for  OLD  HICKORY 
by  name  .  .  .  it’s  the  only 
precipe  containing  salt  actually 
Ismoked  with  genuine  hickory 
wood  smoke! 


“MIGHTY  FINE  EATING  I  had  in  the  city. 

But  heavens!  My  son  Joe  pays  55  c  a  pound 
for  real  hickory  smoke  flavored  hams!” 


Complete 
instructions 
with  every  container! 

FREE!  Write  today  for  valuable  booklet 
on  better  home  curing  methods.  Address: 

PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  CO. 
Dept.271,  20  N.Wacker  Drive,  Chicago,  III. 


“WE’RE  LUCKY.  Costs  less  than  lea  pound 
to  prepare  all  these  meats  with  Old  Hick¬ 
ory  Curing  Recipe.  They  wouldn’t  believe 
me  in  the  city  when  I  told  them  about  all 
our  tempting  hickory  smoke  flavored  ham 
and  bacon  —  at  such  a  low  cost  l” 


“OLD  HICKORY  CURING  RECIPE  goes  right 
to  the  bone  and  adds  tantalizing  hickory 
smoke  flavor  to  every  morsel.  So  easy  to 
use,  too.  No  smoke  house  needed— no 
other  ingredients  needed!” 


SPECIAL,  NEW  DAIRYMAN’S  SILO 
Send  post-card  now  for  free  catalog, 
prices  and  discounts. 

ECONOMY  SILO  &  MFG.  CO. 
Dept.  B.  FREDERICK.  MD. 


WOOD  •  CONCRETE  •  TILE  •  METAL 


Order  Early,  Avoid  Rising  Prices 

“My  Economy  Silo  sure  does  save  in 
feed,  labor  and  money!”  says  C.A.C.. 
Pennsylvania  farmer.  An  Economy 
Silo  on  your  farm  can  help  save  vou 
money  and  trouble.  Large,  air-tight, 
easy-entranee  doors,  no  nails,  non¬ 
rot  base  anchor.  Guaranteed. 


» 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
It  IP  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


/ 


(38),  38 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


Notitti&GAt  MaAJveti  jjQJi  f^oAHieoAt  Pn&dUtceAA 


HOLSTEIN 


Ready  for  Service  —  Young  Bulls 

from  our  outstanding  Champion  Show  Bulls. 
They  are  bred  for  type  as  well  as  production. 
Prices  reasonable. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  Ar:,,w,«,.F*rS«. 


DAIRY  COWS  HOLSTEINS^and  GUERNSEYS 

Fresh  and  nearby.  Blood-tested. 

Frank  W.  Arnold,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 
FOR  SALE:  At  Farmer’s  Prices, 

sons  of  excellent  type  from  our  4%  “Invincible”  daugh¬ 
ters  sired  by  Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

Orchard  Hill  Stock  Farm,  pJli  pi'aim'fbY. 


GUERNSEY 


FOR  SALE:  10  OPEN.  WELL  GROWN 

GRADE  GUERNSEY  HEIFERS 

FROM  OUR  OWN  T.B.  AND  BLOOD  TESTED  DAIRY. 
SIRED  BY  A  SON  OF  MAY  ROYAL’S  HOLLISTON. 

E.  E.  KEZER  &  SON,  Massena,  N.  Y. 


LAKE  DELAWARE  FARMS 

DELHI,  N.  Y.,  OFFERS  FOR  SALE 

REGISTERED  GUERNSEY  BULLS 

Ready  for  Light  Service.  Price  from  $100.00  up. 
Also  a  few  Heifers,  all  ages.  Apply  at  once. 


GUERNSEY  BULL  CALVES 

AND  SERVICE  SIRES  FROM  TOP  PRODUCTION 
A.R.  DAMS.  CHANCE  FOR  REAL  BARGAIN. 

HRATimK  89  BRYANT  STREET, 

.  D/AUV.IVU  -J,  BUFFALO.  NEW  YORK 


REGISTERED  GUERNSEY  BULL  — 

WYCHMERE  DAUNTLESS  HERO  291520. 

Born  Aug.  30,  ’40.  Grandson  of  Foremost  Prediction 
212227,  Foremost  Royal  Valor  229913.  Double  great 
grandson  of  Valors  Faithful  364627,  20011.7  m.,  976.5 
class  AA.  His  15  nearest  dams  average  13958  m., 
734  Fat.  Every  dam  in  his  pedigree  tested.  Write  for 
pedigrees  and  particulars.  Visitors  welcome. 

WYCHMERE  FARM 

R.  Bauch,  Mgr.  Ontario,  N.  Y. 


TARBELL  FARMS  GUERNSEYS 

Federal  Accredited  For  Sale — BULLS:  one  month  to 
Negative.  360  Head  serviceable  age,  closely  related  to 
TARBELL  FARMS  PEERLESS  MARGO  613193. 
17798.9  lbs.  milk  969.3  lbs.  fat  in  347  days  at  3  yrs. 
of  age  —  still  on  test.  Pedigrees  and  full  particulars 
gladly  furnished. 

Visitors  always  welcome. 

TARBELL  FARMS 

Smithville  Flats,  New  York 


HEREFORDS 

HEREFORD  —  ANGUS 

EVERYTHING  IN  REGISTERED  AND 
COMMERCIAL  BREEDING  STOCK. 

West  Acres  Farms,  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y. 


HEREFORDS 

Pure  bred  Registered.  T.B. — Blood  tested.  Stock  for  sale. 

BOB-O-LINK  FARMS 

Home  of  Champions,  WOLCOTT,  N.Y. 


BROWN  SWISS 


For  Sale:  Registered  Brown  Swiss  Bull 

16  months  old. 

L.  S.  Rubner,  R.D.  2,  Mayville,  N.  Y. 


ABERDEEN-ANGUS 


Aberdeen -Angus 

Last  year  I  had  to  disappoint  several  who  wanted 
young  bulls.  I  have  saved  five  of  my  top  bull  calves 
this  year.  If  you  are  going  to  need  a  bull  for  next 
season  let  me  know  at  once.  These  bulls  are  the  real 
beef  type.  Price  $125.00  each,  registered  and  transfer. 
Also  have  three  older  cows  bred  to  calve  next  spring 
at  $100.00  each. 

T.  M.  SCOON, 

GENEVA,  N.  Y.  ROUTE  5  &  20. 


YOUNG  COWS  BRED  — 

YEARLING  AND  SPRING  HEIFER  CALVES. 
BEST  TYPE  AND  BLOODLINES. 
ACCREDITED,  BLOOD  TESTED,  REGISTERED. 

GROO’S  FARM,  Grahamsville,  N.  Y. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


DAIRY  COWS  AND  HEIFERS, 

T.B.  and  Blood  Tested,  300  to  500  head  to  select  from. 
Horses,  Tractors,  Farm  Machinery.  Free  Delivery. 

E.  L.  Foote  &  Son,  Inc.,  established  1I45 


COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEINS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 


SWINE 


PUREBRED  HAMPSHIRES 

SOWS,  OPEN  OR  BRED,  BOARS,  BARROWS 
AND  GILTS  FOR  SALE. 

6  miles  East  on  Route  79,  R.D.  2,  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 
D.  W.  HANSON,  Member  Hampshire  Herdsman. 


Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 

YORKSHIRES 

THE  WORLD’S  .BEST  BACON  HOG. 

Write  for  booklet  and  prices. 

W.  E.  Reasoner  &  Sons, 

R.F.D.  4,  WATERTOWN.  N.  Y. 

Black  Creek  Farm  Berkshire  Swine 

FALL  BOARS  AND  GILTS  FOR  SALE.  10  TO  12 
WEEKS  OLD.  SERVICE  BOAR. 

FEW  BRED  CHEVIOT  EWES. 

Marion  B.  Tyler,  So.  Byron,  N.  Y. 

Present  Day  Quality  Poland-Chinas, 

ANY  AGE,  EITHER  SEX.  FROM  HARDY  HERD. 
WRITE  YOUR  WANTS. 

GREENFIELD  FARMS,  Tiffin,  Ohio 

BLACK  POLAND  CHINA 

Quality  Breeding  Stock,  young  boars, 
sows,  bred  gilts,  pigs.  Also  Spotted  Po¬ 
land  China  service  boar  and  pigs.  Write 
C.  HILLMAN,  Tabernacle,  N.  J. 

REGISTERED  DUROCS 

Boars,  Gilts  and  Fall  Pigs. 

Russell  F.  Pattington,  Sc,NPew  York.66' 

SHEEP 

Registered  Hampshire  Rams 

C.  HILLMAN 

Tabernacle,  New  Jersey. 

GOATS 

SOLD  PRACTICALLY  ALL  SURPLUS  STOCK. 
WHEN  WE  WISH  TO  DISPOSE  OF  ANYTHING 
AGAIN,  WE  WILL  ADVERTISE  IN  AMERICAN 
AGRICULTURIST. 

TWIN  PINE  GOAT  FARM 

BELLMORE  ROAD,  WANTAGH,  LONG  ISLAND,  N.Y. 

DOGS 

NEWFOUNDLANDS,  SPANIELS,  COCKERS, 
SPRINGERS,  SMOOTH  FOX  TERRIERS, 
medium  and  toy,  1  Kerry  blue,  18  mo.  old.  Hound 
puppies.  Also  some  pets,  small  puppies. 

All  prices  reduced  for  the  month  of  January. 

ROBINSON  KENNELS,  Tr^n^g^V. 

Extra  Nice  English  Shepherd  Pups 

PARENTS  STRICTLY  HEEL  DRIVERS. 

MALES  $8,  FEMALES  $4,  C.O.D. 

NO  SUNDAY  SALES. 

R.  D.  SUTTON,  Prattsville,  N.  Y. 

HONEY 

Choice  White  Clover  Honey, 

5  lb.,  90c;  10  lbs.,  $1.60.  Buckwheat,  5  lbs.,  80c; 

10  lbs.,  $1.40,  Postpaid.  60  lbs.  Clover,  $4.80;  Buck¬ 
wheat,  $4.20  here,  liquid. 

Harry  T.  Gable,  Romulus,  N.  Y. 

HflNPY.  60  ,bs-  best  clover  $4.80,  buckwheat 

4 1  J 3 x  .  $4.20,  mixed  fall  honey,  good  flavor 

$4.20;  28  lb.  clover  (handy  pail)  $2.40;  24  combs 
clover  $3.60.  Above  not  prepaid.  10  lbs.  clover  post¬ 
paid  $1.60.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Remember  that 
honey  is  a  natural,  unprocessed  sweet. 

F.  W.  LESSER,  .  FAYETTEVILLE.  N.  Y. 

POULTRY 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS,  ROCK-RED 
CROSS.  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


LEGHORNS— NEW  HAMPSHIRES 

BARRED  ROCKS  —  CROSSES 
“BRED  TO  LAY  —  LAY  TO  PAY” 

Write  for  descriptive  catalog  and  prices. 

GLENWOOD  FARMS,  Y 


BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

Have  for  immediate  delivery  U.  S.  R.O.P.  Leghorn 
Cockerels  from  hens  laying  250  to  317  eggs. 
Please  write  for  our  1942  price  list  describing  our 
Leghorns,  Barred  Plymouth  Rocks,  and  Reds, 
100%  Pullorum  clean. 

ELI  H.  BODINE, 

Box  28,  CHEMUNG,  N.  Y. 


auARu^VCK  Pedigree  S.C.W.  Leghorns 

B.W.D.  TESTED  PULLETS  AND  BREEDING  STOCK. 
Progeny  Tested  under  supervision  Cornell  University. 

Hartwick  Hatchery,  Inc.,  Hartwick,  N.Y. 


CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  APPROVED  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 
ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 


Keystone  English  Black  Leghorns. 

HEALTHIEST  BREED.  GREAT  LAYERS. 
EGGS  AND  STOCK  FOR  SALE.  CIRCULAR  FREE. 

The  Keystone  Farms,  Richfield,  Pa. 


The  McGregor  Farm,  Maine,  N.  Y. 

SINGLE-COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Send  for  circular. 


rBEAUTV7 


McLoughlin  Leghorns 

Progeny-test  bred.  7-time  New  York 
R.O.P.  champions  with  average  produc¬ 
tion  records  of  257,  253v  256,  258.  266 
261  and  262  eggs.  U.S.  Pullorum  Clean. 


McLoughlin  Leghorn  Farm,  Chatham  Center, N.Y 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAMPSHIRES. 
BARRED  ROCKS,  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  Ali  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
Folder  and  Prices. 

Box  A, 

Middletown,  N.  Y. 


WILLIAM  S.  MAPES, 


HOBART  POULTRY  FARM 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

Our  Leghorns  are  listed  on  the  viability  honor  roll 
lust  released.  This  report,  computed  on  a  three 
year  average,  also  shows  that  our  birds  have  the 
largest  egg  size  of  any  Leghorn  breeder  at  the 
Central  New  York  Test. 

Write  for  circular  with  pictures  of  our  stock 
,  and  methods. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  Box  H,  Hobart,  N.Y. 


Matured  Barred  Reck 
Breeding  Males 

from  contest  trapnested  birds,  200  eggs  and  up. 
Also  some  Single-comb  White  Leghorns,  same  breeding. 

H.  T.  TILLOTSON, 

HIGHLAND  POULTRY  FARM,  KING  FERRY,  N.Y. 


ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS,  REDS,  ROCK-RED  CROSS. 

WHITE  ROCKS— “They  Satisfy.” 

Pullorum  free,  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  details. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER,  Box  C,  GALLUPVILLE,  N.  Y. 

NEW  YORK  U.  S.  APPROVED 

NEW  HAMPSHIRES  &  LEGHORNS 

DESCRIPTIVE  CIRCULAR.  , 

The  Hiscock  Hatchery,  nevTyork. 
DANISH  POULTRY  FARM 

Family  Tested  Leghorns  —  New  Hampshires. 
Storrs,  Conn.,  Test  1940-1941,  13  Full  sisters 
av.  270  eggs  per  bird.  Harrisburg,  Penna., 
test,  13  Full  sisters  av.  240  eggs  per  bird. 

A.  E.  DANISH, 

Troy,  New  York 


POULTRY 


EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

BREEDING  MALES 

PULLORUM  TESTED  —  NO  REACTORS 

James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  Trumans°bXurgA' n.  y. 


9400 

LAYERS 


Rich  Poultry  Farms 

Leghorns  KnTTefted  Reds 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS. 

Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de¬ 
scribes  our  method  of  growing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 

Schwegler’s  “THOR-O-BREDS” 

HOLD  II  WORLD  OFFICIAL  RECORDS.  ,,r 
Stock  from  200-324  egg  Pedigree  Breeders  2  to  5  years 
old — teghorns,  White  Rocks,  Barred  Rocks,  R.  i: 
Reds,  New  Hampshires,  Wyandottes,  Giants,  Orpingtons,, 
Minorcas,  Red-Rock  Cross.  Pekin  Ducks — Blood  Test¬ 
ed  Breeders.  Write  for  free  Catalog. 

SCHWEGLER’S  HATCHERY 

208  NORTHAMPTON,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y- 

Get  the  desired  increased  production  of  oii 

LARGE,  WHITE,  QUALITY  EGGS 
by  purchasing  our  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns,  backed  by  29 
years  of  breeding  for  livability,  production  and  type. 
Always  100%  clean  on  pullorum  test. 

Kutschbach  &  Son,  Sherburne,  N.  Y. 

Space's  Brookside  Poultry  Farm 

White  Leghorns,  New  Hampshires, 
Cross  Breeds. 

Our  reputation  is  your  guarantee. 

Circular  furnished  on  request. 

HOMER,  N.  Y. 

21  Warren  St.  Phone  Homer  21 


HAY 


HAY 


We  deliver  dairy  or  horse  hay 
anywhere  in  New  York  State.  Buy 
your  supply  now  if  you  have  not 
yet  done  so. 

C.  Gardyne,  Phone  58,  Holcomb,  N.  Y. 


DELICIOUS  CLOVER  HONEY 

5  LB.  PAIL  $.90  —  10  LBS.,  $1.70. 

POST  PAID  TO  3RD  ZONE. 

Garden  Gold  Apiaries,  WESnewL°yoMrk.ELD' 

BALED  HAY  AND  STRAW 

ALL  GRADES  MIXED  HAY  AND  ALFALFA. 
DELIVERED  BY  TRUCK  OR  CARLOAD. 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 


FARM:  143  ACRES 

highly  productive,  never  failing  creek  watered  pasture, 
buildings  in  first  class  condition,  barn  cost  $8500  five 
years  ago.  Will  sacrifice  for  quick  sale.  Owner: 

Wm.  Pomella,  Canajoharie,  N.  Y. 

FOR  SALE,  lease,  or  will  hire  2  men  for  best  farm 
in  Finger  Lakes.  160  acres,  level,  modern  new  house, 
improved  road.  Stanchions  35  cows.  Running  water. 
Fully  equipped:  tractor,  combine,  50  acres  alfalfa; 
wheat  yields  40  bu.;  corn  100  bu.  per  acre.  Money 
maker.  Never  offered  before. 

Box  514-D,  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  Ithaca,  N.Y. 


HELP  WANTED 

HOUSEKEEPER  WANTED: 

AGE  30  TO  45  YEARS,  FOR  HOME,  ALL  MODERN 
CONVENIENCES:  2  ADULTS,  I  CHILD. 

Mrs.  Elwood  W.  Smith,  TrumMsbu^’N.Y. 
WANTED:  HEAD  HERDSMAN 

Herd  of  35  milkers,  fifty  head  total.  Single,  State 
experience.  State  age,  salary  expected.  Single  room 
with  shower.  Fine  table.  Permanent. 

Box  514-F,  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  Ithaca,  N.Y. 


THERE  are  more  than  190,000 
readers  of  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  doing  what  you  are  doing 
— reading  this  advertisement. 

If  you  have  something  of  interest 
to  offer  them,  why  not  send 
your  advertisement  now? 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

This  page  is  for  the  use  of  American  Agriculturist  subscribers  at  a  low  rate  to  sell  farm  produce  and  livestock. 
Advertisements  are  limited  to  either  one  inch  or  one  half  inch  space.  American  Agriculturist  is  published  every 
ether  Saturday.  Copy  must  be  received  at  American  Agriculturist,  Advertising  Department,  Box  514  Ithaca, 
(lew  York,  LI  days  before  publication  date.  Terms  i.  Contract  basis — Six  or  1  issues — bill  mailed  at  end 


of  first  month  2%  in  days.  30  days  net.  2.  Less  than  contract  basis  —  cash  with  order.  No  Baby  Chick 

advertising  accepted.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows: 

1st  Quarter  Jan.  3,  17,  31;  Feb.  14,  28:  Mar.  14,  28:  •/*  inch  for  7  issues  $14.00;  one  inch  for  7  issues  $28.00 

2nd  Quarter  April  II,  25:  May  9,  23;  June  6,  20:  </2  inch  for  6  issues  $12.00;  one  inch  for  6  issues  $24.00 

3rd  Quarter  July  4,  18;  Aug.  I,  15,  29;  Sept.  12,  26:  */2  inch  for  7  issues  $14.00;  one  inch  for  7  issues  $28.00 

4th  Quarter  Oct.  10,  24;  Nov.  7,  21;  Dec.  5,  19:  Vi  inch  for  6  Issues  $12  00;  one  inch  for  6  issues  $24.00 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


39  (39) 


( Continued  from  Page  13) 


farm  production  statistics,  but  they 
are  often  more  help  to  the  purchaser  of 
farm  products  than  to  the  producer.  So 
the  farmer  either  must  set  up  markets 
or  market  machinery  large  enough  to 
force  buyers  to  compete  against  each 
other  for  their .  needs,  thus  getting  a 
true  reflection  of  supply  and  demand 
as  expressed  in  dollars;  or  he  must  set 
up  units  small  enough  so  that  home 
farms  Or  home  communities  can  regu¬ 
late  the  amounts  or  the  time  of  mar¬ 
keting,  either  of  the  raw  material  or 
the  finished  product  going  out  to  con¬ 
sumers,  thus  forcing  a  profit  price. 

There  are  a  good  many  reasons  to 
believe  farmers  right  at  home  will 
eventually  meet  consumer  demand  with 
prices  they  have  had  a  large  part  in 
making.  Here  again  the  Northeast 
with  its  village  communities,  its  cli¬ 
mate,  its  ability  to  diversify  produc¬ 
tion,  and  its  geographical  location, 
ranks  all  by  itself. 

CAPITAL  AND  LABOR:  Capital  is 
just  stored-up  labor.  Labor,  then,  rep¬ 
resents  the  wealth  of  our  country. 

One  hundred  years  ago,  they  tell  me, 
the  farm  hired  man  sat  down  with  the 
family.  Then  immigration  brought  in 
great  hordes  of  people.  Most  of  us  can 
remember  long  lines  of  so-called  “ditch 


fight 

CAKED 

BAG 

• 

INFLAMED 

TISSUES 

CHAPS 

CUTS 

• 

INJURIES 

liU 


All-Weather 

Protection 

The  ointment  that 
STAYS  ON  — and 
STAYS  ANTISEPTIC 
on  contact — gives  pos¬ 
itive  protection  that 
aids  nature’s  healing  of 
many  common  ills  and 
injuries  that  afflict  ud¬ 
ders  and  teats.  Insist  on 
BAG  BALM,  the  medi¬ 
cated  ointment  with 
correct  “body”  for  mas¬ 
sage,  heavy  with  refined 
Lanolin,  bland  and 
soothing,  for  antiseptic 
protection  and  to  pro- 
w  mote  quick  healing. 


150  HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

AT  AUCTION  139TH  SALE. 

WED.,  JAN.  14,  1942 

EARLVILLE,  N.  Y. 

Sale  starts  at  10  A.  M.  prompt. 

40  HEAD  SELL  BEFORE  LUNCH 
All  T.B.  Accredited,  negative  to  blood  test, 
mastitis  charts  with  milking  animals.  All  vac¬ 
cinated  for  shipping  fever. 

125  FRESH  AND  HEAVY  SPRINGERS, 
good  ages,  many  have  production  records. 

12  BULLS,  mostly  ready  for  service. 

25  YOUNG  CALVES,  majority  heifers. 
Attend  this  bis  sale. 

Write  for  details. 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 

Sales  Manager,  MEXICO,  N.  Y. 


6»y  you  saw  It  In  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


diggers,”  working  on  every  road  job, 
sewer  job,  etc.,  in  our  cities.  These 
people  were  “foreigners,”  and  labor 
barriers  arose  and  great  fortunes  ac¬ 
cumulated.  The  children  of  these  people 
are  now  Americans,  and  we  are  watch¬ 
ing  and  experiencing  their  fight  for  a 
place  in  our  economy;  and  since  they 
are  Americans  and  since  labor  is 
wealth,  they  will  get  it,  along  with  the 
passing  of  great  fortunes  and,  proba¬ 
bly,  the  passing  of  huge  industry  as 
well. 

Cannot  we,  then,  picture  our  future, 
small  northeastern  communities,  vill¬ 
ages,  and  towns  becoming  complete 
working  units,  with  small  industrial 
plants,  processing  plants,  and  agricul¬ 
tural  independence;  a  place  where  our 
youths  can  and  will  find  an  outlet  for 
their  attitude  towards  “change”  (which 
is  so  different  from  ours) ;  a  place  where 
the  home  and  family  group  can  find  an 
outlet  for  the  energy  and  progress  of 
any  member;  a  place  where  any  man 
or  woman,  who  is  willing  to  work,  can 
make  a  living;  a  place  where  some  will 
earn  more  and  some  less,  but  all  will  be 
able  to  be  individualists,  not  depend¬ 
ent  upon  centralized  power  in  govern¬ 
ment,  dollar  power  in  Wall  Street,  or 
tools  of  big  business. 

This  is  not  socialism;  it  is  simply 
believing,  as  my  great-grandfather  did, 
that  this  is  the  greatest  country  on 
earth,  BECAUSE  man  himself  —  any 
man  —  is  greater  than  government; 
that  his  own  abilities  are  his  stock  in 
trade;  and  that  he’s  as  good  as  I  am 
until  one  of  us  proves  otherwise. 

OURSELVES:  Agriculture,  labor,  cap¬ 
ital  and  government  are  just  msi  The 
handling  of  this  mess  we  are  in,  then, 
simply  depends  upon  us.  Without 
individual  strength  (leadership)  and 
organization,  agriculture  will  find  itself 
pressed  in  on  one  side  by  labor,  on  the 
other  by  capital,  and  on  top  by  power 
government,  thus  forced  into  a  mold 
of  their  design — not  a  pretty  picture. 

My  grandfather  had  confidence  when 
about  100  years  ago  he  bought  a  high- 
hill  New  Hampshire  farm- — confidence 
in  this  country,  in  his  neighbors,  and 
in  the  agriculture  of  the  Northeast.  He 
really  worked  his  land,  and  cleared 
more;  he  lived  well;  worshipped  in  the 
church  he  helped  support;  voted  for 
men  that  would  serve  him  —  not  he, 
them;  sold  his  products  in  Claremont, 
two  miles  away,  where  energy  and 
thrift  had  brought  some  manufactur¬ 
ing  and  labor  employment;  raised  and 
educated  five  children,  paid  for  his 
farm,'  and  did  it  with  livestock. 

I  have  confidence  that  we  in  our 
way,  and  our  children  in  their  way,  will 
do  no  less. 

— A.  A.— 

Hagan  Farms  to  Hold  Bel¬ 
gian  Horse  Show  at 
Poughkeepsie 

An  exhibition  of  Belgian  draft 
horses  for  farmers  and  breeders  will 
be  held  at  Hagan  Farms,  Spackenkill 
Road,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  Sunday 
January  25th,  1942.  The  brood  barns 
are  located  one  mile  east  of  Oak  wood 
School,  on  Spackenkill  Road,  where 
ample  space  will  be  available  to  show 
these  well-known  draft  horses  regard¬ 
less  of  the  weather.  Two  senior  herd 
sires,  16  brood  mares,  some  with  foals 
at  foot,  and  weanling  colts  will  be  in 
the  exhibit,  decorated  just  as  they  ap¬ 
pear  in  show  ring  competition.  The 
visitors  will  see  one  of  the  best  herds 
of  Belgians  in  the  East. 

A  day  was  selected  for  the  conven¬ 
ience  of  local  farmers  and  visitors  to 
the  Pennsylvania  Farm  Show  at  Har¬ 
risburg,  Pa.,  which  ends  on  January 
24th. 

All  visitors  to  the  exhibit  will  re¬ 
ceive  a  souvenir  brochure  giving  val¬ 
uable  information  about  Belgian  hors¬ 
es,  their  use  on  the  farm,  care  and 
feeding,  as  well  as  breeding  informa¬ 
tion,  and  how  they  are  judged  in  the 
show  ring. 


PRESERVE  ALL  CROPS  ECONOMICALLY 

MINIMIZE  WASTE! 


★  Farmers  say  Grange’s  nine  exclusive  construction  J  j 
Features  give  years  more  service,  allow  easier,  faster 
access,  more  storage  space  and  actually  increase  Farm 
profits.  Immediate  delivery  plan  assures  traditional 
Grange  quality.  Write  For  free  folder  of  important  silo 
facts.  Shows  proof  of  Grange’s  superiority.  Send  for  it 


WRIT!  FOR  FREE  FOIDFR  *  GRANGE  SILO  CO.,  DEPT.  F 12,  RED  CREEK,  N.  Y. 


STEWART  shearmaster 


Get  10%  more  wool  from  same  sheep  or  goats  with  the 
fast,  easy-to-use  Shearmaster.  Has  78%  more  powerful 
ball-bearing,  fan-cooled  motor  inside  the  special  EASY- 
GRIP  handle — diameter  barely  2  inches.  Extra  power¬ 
ful  New  professional  type  Tension  Control.  Removes 
fleece  from  sheep  in  a  few  minutes.  No  second  cuts. 
Longer  fibre  wool  grades  better — brings  more  money. 
Saves  time — work.  Shea  rmaster,  complete  with  2  combs 
and  4  cutters,  only  $  26.95  at,  your  dealer’s  or  send  us 
52  00.  Pay  balance  on  arrival.  Write  for  new  Stewart 
bulletin,  “Harvesting  the  Farm  Flock  Wool  Crop,”  and 
FREE  catalog  of  Stewart  electric  and  hand-power  Clip¬ 
ping  and  Shearing  machines.  Made  and  guaranteed  by 
Chicago  Flexible  Shaft  Co.,  Dept.  2  .  5600  Roosevelt 
Rd.,  Chicago,  Ill.  62  years  mating  Quality  products. 


Complete  Dispersal  Sale 

The  Entire  Herd  of 

PUREBRED 

BELGIAN  HORSES 

of  Rolling  Rock  Farms 

LIGONIER,  PENNA. 


JANUARY  21st,  1942 

To  be  held  at  the  Penna.  State  Farm 
Show,  Harrisburg,  Penna. 


36  HEAD 


consisting  of  Brood 
Mares,  Stallions 
and  Foals 


Write  for  Catalog  to  C.  M.  HESS, 
Auctioneer  &  Sales  Mgr.,,  London,  Ohio 


la  "Fortify  with  Rich  Inheritance,”  a  practical 
booklet  on  breeding. 


2a  "Bull  Buyers  Guide.”  Lists  nearly  500 
herds  and  1000  herd  sires  to  help  you  select  the 
bull  calf  or  herd  sire  you  want. 

3a  A  copy  of  the  "Guernsey  Breeders’  Jour¬ 
nal,”  with  its  useful  information  on  Guernseys. 
All  for  the  asking  .  .  .  use  coupon  below. 


THE  AMERICAN  GUERNSEY  CATTLE  CLUB 
77  Grove  Street.  Peterborough,  N.  H. 

Please  send  me  FREE  copies  of  “Fortify  with  Rich 
Inheritance,”  “Bull  Buyers  Guide,”  “Guernsey  Breed¬ 
ers’  Journal.” 

My  name —  ..  ■  ■  ■  -  -■■■ 

My  address — : - . 


■HBOBIHSaMHk 

IS  THE  TIME 
TO  INVEST  IN 
A  HERD  OF 


AYRSHIRES 


HEAVIEST 
PRODUCERS  OF 


4%  MILK 


PRICES  VERY 

REASONABLE/ 

THE  COW  FOR 

THESE  TIMES/ 

WRITS  FOR  LITERATURE  OR  HELPIN  LOCATING  STOCK 

AYRSHIRE  BREEDERS*  ASSOCIATION 

~ 

8  5  Center  Street, 

Brandon,  Vermont 

100  HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

SELL  IN  2ND  WESTERN  N.  Y.  AUCTION 

WED.,  JANUARY  7,  1942 

Heated  Building,  Fair  Grounds,  DUNKIRK,  N.  Y. 
Only  35  miles  north  of  Erie  on  Route  5,  just  off  Route 
20.  All  T.B.  Accredited,  negative  to  blood  test,  many 
eligible  for  Pennsylvania. 

40  HIGH  GRADE  HOLST  El  NS  sell  in  forenoon. 

60  REGISTERED  HOLST  El  NS  sell  in  afternoon. 
All  fresh  or  close  springers;  a  few  bulls  and  heifer  calves. 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 

Sales  Manager,  MEXICO,  N.  Y. 


SHEPHERDS — Collies.  Trained  Cattle  docs  and  pups 
Heel-drivers.  Beauties.  WILM0T,  East  Thetford.  Vt. 


BROWN  SWISS 

The  largest  producers  of  4%  milk, 
are  large,  rugged,  long-lived  cat¬ 
tle  that  will  make  you  money. 
The  Brown  Swiss  Bulletin  will 
keep  you  posted  —  $1.00  for  2 
years  subscription.  For  further 
information  write: 

The  National  Brown  Swiss  Association 

BELOIT,  WISCONSIN 


Newton’s  Veterinary  Compound  ! 

USED  OVER  50  YEARS 

A  long  used  formula,  improved  in  1882  by 
Drs.  Newton  &  Carter,  graduates  of  the 
Ontario  Veterinary  College  and  used  in  their 
practice. 

A  relief  for  discomforts  due  to  over-eating 
bulky  feeds  and  difficult  expiration  accom¬ 
panied  by  heaving  of  flanks  and  persistent 
Trade  Ma  k  Reg.  coughs.  Also  coughs  due  to  colds. 

u.S.  Pat.  cff.  Makes  breathing  easier.  Because  of  its 
efficacy,  it  is  in  general  demand  in  the  U.  S.  and  Canada.  In  powder  form,  it  is  easily 
GIVEN  IN  WET- UP  C  Moistened  J  FEED 
The  dose  is  small,  making  it  a  very  economical  preparation.  It  is  advisable  to 
have  a  supply  on  hand  in  the  stable,  giving  the  stock  two  or  three  doses  a  Week. 
Also  for  cattle  and  hogs.  Put  up  in  two  sizes,  13  oz.  at  65c,  and  2  lbs.  at  $1.25. 
At  your  dealer  or  mailed  postpaid  on  receipt  of  price. 

NEWTON  HORSE  MEDICINE  CO. 

5170  Hillsboro  Avenue  Detroit,  Mich.,  U.S.  A. 


Uni 

★  in 


ation 


THE  Japanese  bombs  that  fell  on  Hawaii  .  .  .  the  Japanese  torpedo  planes  that  swooped  down 
on  Pearl  Harbor  .  .  .  endangered  the  life  and  freedom  of  every  American  farm  home.  The 
shock  of  that  attack  has  jerked  us  to  our  feet  — -  awake  at  last  to  a  danger  that  has  threatened 
Us  too  long. 

Saturday  night,  December  6,  we  were  a  nation  of  quarreling  groups.  The  aircraft  carriers,  the 
submarines  were  creeping  toward  our  shores,  but  we  were  too  busy  bickering  among  ourselves  to 
heed  the  warnings. 

* 

Sunday  morning,  December  7,  the  blow  fell,  and  the  scales  fell  from  our  eyes.  Our  own  petty 
differences  were  blasted  away  in  the  smoke  and  flame  of  a  life-or-death  emergency.  An  emergency 
that  only  a  United  Nation  could  meet  and  vanquish!  * 


Unity  Among  Farmers  Is  Necessary,  Too 

Farmers  are  a  valuable  part  of  that  United  Nation.  Farmers  are  vitally  important  in  a 
United  Defense.  But  farmers  must  not  lose  sight  of  the  fact  that  United  Farmers  are  also 
necessary  if  our  war  effort  is  to  win.  For  even  in  a  United  Defense  effort  with  other  groups  in 
this  nation,  we  farmers  are  outnumbered  15  to  1.  And  if  we  want  to  cooperate  with  the  government 
. . .  if  we  want  to  do  our  bit  on  a  fair  basis  with  industry  and  labor  .  .  .  we,  as  farmers,  Must  Be 
United  among  ourselves,  in  the  same  way  that  labor  and  industry  are  united. 

'V 

The  reasons  why  we  should  have  this  unity — now  as  never  before — are  many.  There  is  no  room 
to  name  them  here.  But  Dean  Ladd  of  the  Cornell  School  of  Agriculture  compressed  them  all  in 
a  sentence  when  he  pointed  out  that  farmers  must  have  supplies  and  equipment  to  produce  the  food 
that  the  nation  needs  at  this  time,  and  when  he  said: 


"No  one  is  going  to  solve  this  problem  of 
securing  farm  supplies  and  equipment  for 
farmers  unless  they  are  stimulated  by  farmers." 

And  there  you  have  it  in  a  nutshell.  Only  farmers  are  going 
to  be  able  to  produce  the  food  needed.  And  only  farmers  are 
going  to  help  other  farmers  to  get  the  supplies  and  equipment 
that  they  must  have  to  produce  food.  In  a  word,  farmers  must 
stick  together  .  .  .  farmers  must  unite  in  cooperatives  and  other 
farm  groups  if  they  hope  to  be  heard  in  the  excitement  and 
shouting  that  is  going  on  now.  Individual  farmers  cannot  do  it 
alone  . . .  but  United  Farmers  can  do  it.  United  Farmers  can 
help  a  United  Nation  to  win  this  war. 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


41  (41) 


Pages  Across 
One  Hundred  Years 


( Continued  from  Page  10) 


carry  on  the  farm.  They  were  strong, 
pushing,  enthusiastic  men,  who,  as  they 
took  over,  sensed  the  coining  of  a  new 
economic  age.  The  home-spun  age 
under  which  their  father  lived  was  de¬ 
parting  and  the  machine  age  was  be¬ 
ing  ushered  in.  Grandfather  had  ex¬ 
pected  to  produce  almost  everything  his 
farm  and  family  required  and  to  pur¬ 
chase  only  those  indispensable  necessi¬ 
ties  which  were  beyond  his  skill.  His 
sons  planned  to  produce  things  which 
could  be  sold  for  money  and  with  this 
to  buy  the  products  of  the  new  age. 

I  have  always  cherished  a  good  deal  of 
pride  in  the  accomplishments  of  these 
two  great  Uncles  of  mine — Goodyear 
Brothers — as  they  were  called.  The 
older,  Willis,  was  a  strong,  two-fisted 
man  of  the  fields — mighty  of  muscle, 
who  always  said  to  his  men,  “Come” 
and  who  in  his  work  set  a  pace  that  he 
hardly  expected  any  one  else  to  fol¬ 
low.  His  brother,  George,  was  more  of 
a  dreamer  and  scholar.  He  wrote  a 
fine,  clerkly  hand,  read  the  few  agri¬ 
cultural  books,  mainly  of  English 
origin,  which  were  available  at  that 
time,  did  a  large  amount  of  land  drain¬ 
age  and  teamed  land  plaster  (ground 
gypsum)  from  Canajoharie,  where  it 
had  been  shipped  by  canal  and  guano 
from  Albany  where  it  had  arrived  from 
the  Peruvian  Islands  via  the  Hudson 
River.  These  two  materials  were  al¬ 
most  the  only  forms  of  commercial  fer¬ 
tilizers  known  at  that  date. 

If  the  farm  at  this  period  had  a 
specialty,  it  was  beef-making.  Of 
course  it  was  before  the  day  when  a 
man  might  go  to  Buffalo  or  Chicago 
for  a  car  or  two  of  young,  western 
grown  steers.  We  were  dependent  up¬ 
on  the  local  supplies  of  feeders.  The 
typical  cow  of  that  period  had  a  basis 
of  Shorthorn  (always  spoken  of  as 
“Durham”)  blood  and  the  calves  were 
fair  beef  material.  Often  it  was  pos¬ 
sible  to  pick  up  bulls,  which  were  a 
year  or  possibly  two  years  old.  These 
were  then  castrated  and  known  as 
“stags”  to  distinguish  them  from  steers. 
My  father  used  to  tell  me  that  these 
stags  often  made  splendid  gains  but 
of  course  were  always  coarse  and  heavy 
in  the  forequarters.  Sometimes  yokes 
of  oxen  that  were  thin  could  be  pur¬ 
chased  at  a  price  which  would  allow 
them  to  be  profitably  fattened.  By 
the  way,  it  was  an  age  when  the  best 
butcher  shops  desired  heavy  beef  and 
these  fat  oxen  which  would  dress  up 
to  seven  or  eight  hundred  pounds  were 
sought  after.  When  fat,  these  animals 
were  driven,  sometimes  to  Canajoharie, 
seventeen  or  eighteen  miles  “over  the 
hill,”  more  frequently  to  Albany  about 
forty-five  miles. 

It  was  in  1858  that  my  fathei 
brought  home  his  nineteen  year  old 
bride,  my  mother-to-be,  and  from  that 
time  on  he  was  regarded  as  the  Master 
of  the  farm.  For  some  years  we  had 
been  working  toward  sheep  and  my 
father  eventually  made  sheep  our  main 
activity.  He  was  a  real  shepherd  and 
I  can  remember  when  we  had  only 
seven  cows  and  a  hundred  and  fifty 
Cotswold  ewes.  In  1877  we  suddenly 
became  dairy  farmers 
because  in  that  year 
my  father  took 
over  a  milk  route 
in  Cobleskill 
and  ran  it 
for  thirteen 
years  and 
nine  months 
without  miss¬ 
ing  a  trip. 

We  finally 
sold  the  route 
because  the 


retailing  of  milk,  while  it  offers  some 
opportunity  of  modest  profit,  makes 
life  a  sentence  to  hard  labor  without 
any  commutation  for  good  behavior. 

We  ceased  to  peddle  milk  and  I  came 
home  from  the  College  of  Agriculture 
at  almost  the  same  date.  For  three 
months  that  summer  we  went  to  the 
cheese  factory.  It  was  practically  the 
bottom  of  the  agricultural  depression 
and  some  cheese  that  summer  sold  as 
low  as  five  and  one-half  cents  per 
pound.  That  is  a  figure  which  makes 
anything  we  have  known  in  recent 
years  seem  like  boom  times.  I  know 
that  if  it  had  not  been  for  a  little  capi¬ 
tal  accumulated  in  happier  years  we 
would  never  have  survived  that  first 
summer.  In  October  we  bought  a  hand 
separator  and  began  to  make  butter 
on  the  farm,  selling  it  in  pound  prints 
to  one  grocer  in  West  Troy  (now 
Watervliet) .  We  did  this  for  nearly 
twenty  years  and  during  most  of  that 
period  I  was  the  butter-maker.  I  am 
still  perfectly  at  home,  when  it  comes 
to  wrapping  a  pound  print  of  butter 
in  a  sheet  of  parchment  paper. 

Then  we  began  to  ship  cream  to  Al¬ 
bany  and  kept  it  up  for  about  thirty 
years  and  not  until  a  year  ago  last  Feb¬ 
ruary  did  we  finally  join  the  morning 
procession  of  milk  trucks  which  go  by 
our  door.  To  the  last  we  fought  against 
this  final  change.  Having  made  the 
plunge  we  like  it  and  I  doubt  if  we 
ever  again  make  any  noteworthy  de¬ 
parture  in  this  farm  policy.  So  it  is 
that  the  A.  A.  and  this  farm  have 
grown  up  and  grown  old  together. 

Looking  back  in  memory  and  beyond 
that  by  tradition  to  the  early  days  of 
the  American  Agriculturist  and  of  this 
farm,  I  know  that  those  days  were  in 
many  respects  crude  and  primitive,  and 
lacking  in  many  of  the  comforts  and 
conveniences  which  we  accept  as  indis¬ 
pensable  in  life.  Yet  I  refuse  to  offer 
sympathy  or  pity  to  my  grandfather 
because  it  was  his  fortune  to  live  in 
those  years.  In  some  respects  these 
were  good  days.  Since  then  very  many 
things  have  been  improved  but  not  the 
breed  of  men.  There  are  nowhere  today 
farmers  with  greater  belief  in  or  en¬ 
thusiasm  for  their  business  than  many 
of  those  now  forgotten  worthies  who 
were  subscribers  to  the  youthful  journal. 

One  happy  fact  about  those  years 
was  that  as  yet  hope  had  not  been  al¬ 
loyed  with  doubt.  Men  were  certain 
that  America  was  the  best  of  possible 
governments  in  a  good  and  secure 
world.  Neither  had  any  prophet  of  evil 
arisen  to  speak  of  abandoned  farms  and 
a  decadent  agriculture.  It  was  recog¬ 
nized  that  all  farms  were  good  and 
valuable  even  if  some  were  better  than 
others.  As  yet  no  man  in  his  wildest 
imaginings  could  conceive  of  appealing 
to  Washington  for  aid  in  his  affairs. 
It  was  a  young  and  bouyantly  hopeful 
country.  Search  the  columns  of  those 
early  numbers  of  the  Ainerican  Agri¬ 
culturist.  You  may  find  articles  surely 
the  equal  of  any  that  are  printed  to¬ 
day  but  nowhere  can  you  find  a  note 
of  despondency  or  doubt.  I  think  I 
feel  something  akin  to  envy  of  the 
men  'who  were  mak¬ 
ing  agricultural  his¬ 
tory  in  the  days 
when  the  American 
Agriculturist 
was  in  its 
first,  vigor¬ 
ous  youth.  I 
hope  it  may 
prove  a  true 
saying  “The 
first  hundred 
years  are  the 
hardest ” 


Saluting  a  hundred  years 
of  agricultural  progress 

nEUI  VORK  STATE 

looks  ahead  to  the 
further  improvement 
of  her  people’s  well¬ 
being  through  a  better 
utilization  of  all  her 

vast  resources. 

/ 

There  is  good  reason  why  New  York  should  be  called  the 
Empire  State.  For  within  the  far-flung  boundaries  of  this 
great  Commonwealth  lie  all  the  elements  which  the  word 

Empire  implies. 

• 

Here  are  the  farms,  the  vineyards  and  the  orchards  that 
constitute  a  well-balanced  agricultural  order.  Here  are  the 
factories,  the  marketing  and  commercial  centers,  the  inte¬ 
grated  transportation  systems  that  enable  a  modern  eco¬ 
nomic  system  to  function.  Here  are  the  human  forces  that 
have  built  a  progressive,  productive  society.  The  very  fact 
that  this  publication  is  celebrating  a  hundred  years  of  use¬ 
fulness  provides  eloquent  testimonial  to  these  truths. 

New  York  State  is  proud  of  her  resources  and  her  people. 
Because  of  that  pride,  the  State  Government  is  ever  seeking 
to  assure  a  better  utilization  of  these  resources — to  achieve 
higher  standards  of  well-being  for  this  people.  Toward  the 
attainment  of  these  ends,  the  Division  of  Commerce  has 
been  created  as  a  unit  of  the  State's  Executive  Department. 

Through  its  three  bureaus — Planning,  Industry  and  Publicity 
-—this  Division  acquires  the  facts  upon  which  sound  programs 
must  rest,  analyzes  and  interprets  them,  and  uses  them — both 
inside  and  outside  the  State — to  stimulate  the  commercial 
and  industrial  progress  essential  to  healthy  growth.  Its  job  is 
to  look  at  the  present  in  the  light  of  the  future  and  to  work 
for  a  future  that  will  provide  increased  opportunities  for  all. 

nEUI  VORK  5THTE 

Division  of  comniERiE 

Albany,  N.  Y. 


FREE  BOOKS  for  Winter  Sports  Fans 

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(42)  42 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


^//AMERICAN 

^AGRICULTURIST 


CASE  SINCE  1842: 

The  J.  I.  CASE  COMPANY,  manu¬ 
facturers  of  farm  machinery,  was  es¬ 
tablished  in  1842  in  the  State  of  Wis¬ 
consin.  After  a  century  of  service,  this 
company  now  manufactures  a  complete 
line  of  77  modern  power  farming  ma¬ 
chines.  Officers  of  the  company  at  pres¬ 
ent  are:  L.  R.  Clausen,  President;  W. 
L.  Clark,  Vice-President  and  Sales 
Manager;  F.  A.  Wirt,  Advertising  Man¬ 
ager;  Theo.  Johnson,  Secretary;  R.  P. 
Howell,  Treasurer;  D.  P.  Davies,  Con¬ 
sulting  Engineer;  S.  C.  Osburn,  Man¬ 
ager  of  the  Syracuse,  New  York, 
Branch;  Wm.  Durkee,  Assistant  Sales 
Manager.  ' 

ANOTHER  ANNIVERSARY 

In  April,  1842,  John  Eshelman  start¬ 
ed  a  grist  mill  near  Lancaster,  Penn¬ 
sylvania.  For  a  hundred  years  the  busi¬ 
ness  has  been  continued  and  expanded. 
What  is  more,  under  the  name  of  ES¬ 
HELMAN  COMPANY,  the  business 
has  remained  in  the  family  for  three 
generations. 

Like  most  other  enterprises,  the  feed 
business  is  far  different  than  it  was  in 
1842.  Now  the  Eshelman  Company  run 
an  experimental  farm,  carefully  check 
the  quality  of  feed  ingredients  in  their 
laboratory,  and  use  magnets  to  separ¬ 
ate  foreign  material  from  feed. 

The  Eshelman  Company  now  have  a 
plant  in  York,  Pennsylvania,  and  one 
in  Circleville,  Ohio;  and  sell  their  prod¬ 
ucts  through  some  1500  local  dealers 
in  eastern  states. 

SMOKED  TURKEY: 

Consumers  have  taken  kindly  to 
smoked  turkey.  We  believe  in  the  gen¬ 
eral  principle  that  farmers  should  eat 
at  the  first  table,  so  why  shouldn’t  they 
have  smoked  turkey  too  ?  The  PENN¬ 
SYLVANIA  SALT  COMPANY,  makers 
of  Old  Hickory  Salt,  have  done  their 
part  in  making  this  possible.  But  that 
is  not  the  only  use  for  smoked  salt.  It 
is  grand  for  hams  and  bacon.  Complete 
instructions  are  given  on  every  can. 

ALLIS-CHALMERS  FIRST: 

The  ALLIS-CHALMERS  MANU¬ 
FACTURING  COMPANY  of  Milwau¬ 
kee,  Wisconsin,  was  born  in  1847.  The 
Tractor  Division,  one  of  the  eight  di¬ 
visions  of  the  company,  was  established 
in  1915,  and  a  tractor  was  the  first 
product  offered  to  New  York  State 
farmers.  Allis-Chalmers  Company  was 
first  to  put  rubber-tired  tractors  on  the 
market,  first  to  design  the  inimitable 
All-Crop  Harvester,  and  the  first  to 
manufacture  light-weight  and  fast 
power  farm  equipment.  Some  of  the 
officials  at  the  Allis-Chalmers  Syracuse 
Branch  are:  A.  J.  Dyre,  Manager;  A. 
S.  Dodd,  Assistant  Manager;  J.  W. 
Havens,  Agricultural  Sales  Manager. 
Allis-Chalmers  machinery  is  distribut¬ 
ed  in  the  New  England  States  through 
Brackett  and  Shaw,  Somersworth,  New 
Hampshire. 

SILOS  SAVE: 

No  one  can  afford  to  waste  food, 
either  for  humans  or  animals.  It  is 
generally  recognized  that  one  of  the 
best  ways  to  store  corn  is  in  a  silo. 
If  you  are  in  the  market  for  a  silo, 
write  for  the  “Profit  Facts  Folder” 
available  from  the  MARIETTA  CON¬ 
CRETE  CORPORATION,  Department 
AA,  Marietta,  Ohio;  Baltimore,  Mary¬ 
land;  or  Schenectady,  New  York. 


HORSES: 

We  still  have  horses  in  the  North¬ 
east.  The  trade-mark  of  the  NEWTON 
HORSE  MEDICINE  COMPANY,  5170 
Hillsboro  Avenue,  Detroit,  Michigan, 
has  appeared  in  advertisements  in 
American  Agriculturist  for  many 
years.  If  the  products  of  this  company 
are  not  available  from  your  local  deal¬ 
er,  your  or^er  will  be  filled  by  mail. 

DERRY  ROOK: 

THE  W.  F.  ALLEN  COMPANY,  17 
Evergreen  Avenue,  Salisbury,  Mary¬ 
land,  puts  out  an  attractive  catalog 
each  year  called  “Allen’s  Berry  Book.” 
There  is  more  to  growing  berries  than 
just  setting  them  out,  and  there  is 
more  to  this  catalog  than  just  illustra¬ 
tions  and  prices.  There  is  a  lot  of  in¬ 
formation  in  it  that  every  berry  grow¬ 
er  can  use. 

PLANT  FOOD: 

Phosphorus  is  one  of  the  plant  foods 
most  needed  in  the  Northeast.  For  in¬ 
formation  about  Ruhm’s  phosphate, 
write  the  RUHM  PHOSPHATE  AND 
CHEMICAL  COMPANY,  Mt.  Pleasant, 
Tennessee. 

NITROGEN  PLAYS  PART: 

Plant  food  in  the  form  of  commer¬ 
cial  fertilizer  will  play  a  big  part  in 
producing  food  to  feed  ourselves  and 
our  armed  forces,  and  to  continue  to 
send  a  steady  flow  to  Britain.  The 
CHILEAN  NITRATE  EDUCATION¬ 
AL  BUREAU,  INC.,  has  been  a  great 
force  in  spreading  information  about 
the  value  of  nitrate  and  the  importance 
of  good  farming.  Be  sure  to  read  their 
message  in  this  issue  headed  “Ameri- 


Mrs.  J.  E.  Orchards  of  the  State  of  Ne¬ 
braska  who,  for  sixty-five  years,  has 
bought  Burpee  seed.  She  -started  garden¬ 
ing  in  a  small  way  when  she  was  ten 
years  old,  and  says: 

“I  have  never  had  a  year  without  de¬ 
licious  vegetables  grown  from  Burpee 
seeds.” 

The  W.  ATLEE  BURPEE  COMPANY 
recently  introduced  a  new  vegetable 
called  “celtuce.”  It  is  a  distinct  species 
of  lettuce,  but  differs  from  ordinary  let- 
tuee  in  its  growth  and  uses.  Young 
leaves  may  be  eaten  as  a  salad  or  cooked 
as  greens,  while  its  central  stalk  may  be 
eaten  raw  like  celery,  or  cooked.  Celtuce 
has  been  grown  in  this  country  for  four 
years,  but  this  is  the  first  year  that  a 
plentiful  supply  of  seed  has  been  avail¬ 
able. 


can  Farms  Supply  Britain  With  Half 
a  Billion  Dollars  Worth  of  Products.” 

SAVE  HEAT: 

Is  your  heating  plant  inefficient  ?  One 
way  to  find  out  is  to  ask  the  UTICA 
RADIATOR  CORPORATION,  Depart¬ 
ment  A-12,  Utica,  New  York,  to  have 
their  nearest  dealer  inspect  your  plant. 
This  dealer  will  estimate  cost  of  re¬ 
pairs  or  replacement  without  any  ob¬ 
ligation  to  you. 

MORE  MILKERS: 

More  milking  machines  will  be  used 
on  northeastern  farms  next  year.  For 
years  the  word  “DeLaval”  has  been 
synonymous  with  separators  and  milk¬ 
ers,  and  in  1942  these  products  will 
do  their  part  toward  producing  the  U. 
S.  goal  of  125  billion  lbs.  of  milk.  For 
complete  information  about  DeLaval 
products,  write  THE  DE  LAVAL  SEP¬ 
ARATOR  COMPANY,  165  Broadway, 
New  York  City. 

FRESH  AIR  FOR  COWS: 

To  be  profitable  cows  must  be  heal¬ 
thy.  Foul  air  must  be  removed  from 
the  stable  and  fresh  air  brought  in. 
Automatic  water  bowls  are  practically 
a  necessity  where  winter  milk  is  pro¬ 
duced.  STARLINE,  INC.,  Department 
8,  Albany,  New  York,  have  for  many 
years  manufactured  a  line  of  barn 
equipment.  Why  not  write  them  today 
and  ask  them  to  send  you  “Approved 
Plans  That  Help  Build  Barn  Profits.” 

MAPLE  SYRUP: 

Maple  syrup  is  a  typical  northeastern 
product.  No  longer  is  sap  boiled  in  open 
kettles.  Modern  evaporators  speed  up 
the  work  and  give  you  a  better  prod¬ 
uct.  G.  H.  GRIMM  COMPANY,  Rut¬ 
land,  Vermont,  manufacturers  of  maple 
syrup  utensils,  ask  that  you  place  your 
order  early.  They,  along  with  many 
others,  are  finding  some  difficulty  in 
getting  materials  necessary  to  manu¬ 
facture  their  products. 

WOOL  FACTS: 

“Harvesting  the  Farm  Flock  Wool 
Crop”  is  the  title  of  a  little  booklet 
published  by  the  CHICAGO  FLEXI¬ 
BLE  SHAFT"  COMPANY,  Department 
2,  5600  Roosevelt  Road,  Chicago,  Illi¬ 
nois.  If  you  raise  sheep,  you  will  find 
this  booklet  helpful. 

SEED  CATALOG  TIME: 

It’s  time  to  order  your  seed  catalog. 
Write  JOSEPH  HARRIS  COMPANY, 
INC.,  26  Moreton  Farm,  Rochester, 
New  York. 

COW  HEALTH: 

Long  winter  evenings  furnish  time 
for  reading  and  studying.  An  excellent 
book  for  the  dairyman  to  have  on  his 
table  is  called  “Home  Aids  to  Cow 
Health.”  You  can  get  it  by  dropping  a 
post  card  to  DAIRY  ASSOCIATION 
COMPANY,  INC.,  Department  12,  Lyn- 
donville,  Vermont. 

SEEING  IS  BELIEVING: 

Seeing  is  believing.  That  is  why 
BABSON  BROTHERS  COMPANY, 
Department  3069,  2843  W.  19th  St., 
Chicago,  Illinois,  offer  to  give  a  free 
demonstration  of  the  Dairy-Maid  elec¬ 
tric  water  heater. 

STEEL  BUILDINGS: 

There  is  a  lot  of  interest  in  steel 
buildings  for  farms.  A  leader  in  this 
field  is  THE  MARTIN  STEEL  PROD¬ 
UCTS  CORPORATION,  402  Longview 
Avenue,  Mansfield,  Ohio.  They  will  be 
glad  to  tell  you  about  the  one-story 
steel  bam  where  hay  is  stored  in  a 
“hay-maker”  as  well  as  other  farm 
buildings  including  steel  poultry 
houses,  corn  cribs,  silos,  and  hog 
houses. 


Meade  Summers,  head  of  the  newly  or¬ 
ganized  Purina  Hatchery  Department  of 
PURINA  MIL. US,  St.  Louis,  Missouri. 
For  ten  years  Mr.  Summers  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Purina  Poultry  Depart¬ 
ment.  He  is  a  graduate  of  Cornell  with 
the  class  of  1926,  and  assisted  Jn  the 
production  of  the  well-known  colored 
film  “Where  Chick  Life  Begins.”  The 
new  department  which  Mr.  Summers 
heads  will  offer  Service  in  the  produc¬ 
tion  of  Purina  embryo-fed  chicks  and  in 
merchandising  and  selling  chicks. 


DIBBLE  SEED  FACTS: 

The  annual  catalog  put  out  by 
EDWARD  F.  DIBBLE,  SEEDGROW- 
ER,  of  Honeoye  Falls,  New  York,  is 
more  than  a  catalog.  Each  year  it  is 
filled  with  facts  that  northeastern 
farmers  will  find  valuable.  This  year 
Mr.  Dibble  points  out  that  there  is  cer¬ 
tain  to  be  shortages  of  dependable  seeA 
which,  to  the  farmer,  means  “I  had 
better  order  early.” 

GEIIL  CHOPPERS: 

GEHL  BROTHERS  MANUFAC¬ 
TURING  COMPANY,  Department 
729-C,  West  Bend,  Wisconsin,  manu¬ 
facture  a  line  of  hay  choppers,  silo 
fillers,  and  hammer  mills.  Also,  they 
have  a  portable  mill  mounted  on  a 
truck  for  custom  work.  One  of  the 
points  emphasized  by  Gehl  Brothers  is 
that  their  hammer  mills  make  econom¬ 
ical  use  of  power. 

MORE  EGGS: 

The  government  is  asking  for  50,- 
000,000,000  more  eggs  in  1942.  THE 
CORN  PRODUCTS  SALES  COM¬ 
PANY  of  New  York  City,  distributors 
of  corn  gluten  meal,  remind  us  that 
you  cannot  expect  a  hen  to  lay  unless 
she  is  fed  properly.  Com  gluten  meal 
supplies  several  necessary  factors  in 
the  poultry  mash  and  supplies  them 
economically. 

DEBTS: 

Farmers  are  due  for  some  good 
years;  that  is  generally  acknowledged. 
In  the  next  breath  the  economists  ad¬ 
vise  against  going  into  debt  heavily  to 
expand.  There  may  be  another  storm 
ahead.  One  way  to  trim  your  sails  for 
possible  tough  weather  is  to  get  farm 
mortgages  into  long-time  amortized 
obligations.  You  can  get  full  informa¬ 
tion  on  how  to  do  this  by  writing  to 
the  FEDERAL  LAND  BANK,  Spring- 
field,  Mass. 

TIPS  TO  TRAPPERS: 

Many  of  us  fail  to  realize  the 
amount  of  money  that  farm  boy  trap¬ 
pers  take  in  during  winter  months. 
Sometimes,  however,  they  fail  to  get 
full  returns  for  their  fur  because  they 
do  not  know  how  to  take  care  of  it. 
One  way  to  get  better  prices  is  to  read 
“Tips  to  Trappers,”  available  from 
SEARS  ROEBUCK  &  COMPANY, 
Chicago,  Illinois,  or  Philadelphia,  Penn¬ 
sylvania. 


43  (  43) 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


Loyal  Alumnus  Fourth,  Grand  Champion  steer  at  the  International  Livestock  Show. 
Holding  the  halter  is  Mr.  Leonard  Firestone,  who  is  congratulating  Gilman  Stewart 
who  fed  the  Grand  Champion.  The  steer  was  purchased  by  Mr.  Firestone,  and  is 
the  third  Grand  Champion  to  be  acquired  by  the  FIRESTONE  TIRE  AND  RUBBER 

COMPANY  for  a  national  educational  tour. 

>,  - - 


I.H.C.  PIONEERS 

Eleven  years  before  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  was  founded,  Cyrus  Hall  Mc¬ 
Cormick  invented  the  first  successful 
reaper.  Today  INTERNATIONAL 
HARVESTER  COMPANY,  180  North 
Michigan  Avenue,  Chicago,  Illinois,  is 
carrying  on  the  tradition  of  better 
labor-saving  machines  for  farmers. 
They  say:  “We  pledge  the  full  strength 
of  our  engineering  and  financial  re¬ 
sources  to  the  continued  development 
of  agriculture,  the  bulwark  of  the  Am¬ 
erican  nation.” 

TAKE  CARE  OF  TIRES: 

There  is  a  special  reason  for  tak¬ 
ing  the  best  possible  care  of  tires  and 
equipment  in  coming  years.  That  rea¬ 
son  is  that  they  may  be  hard  to  re¬ 
place.  “Down  to  Earth  Facts  About 
Tractor  and  Implement  Tires,”  avail¬ 
able  from  the  FIRESTONE  TIRE  AND 
RUBBER  COMPANY,  Akron,  Ohio, 
will  give  you  some  valuable  tips.  You 
will  find  a  handy  coupon  in  the  Fire¬ 
stone  advertisement  on  page  2  of  this 
issue. 

FACTS  AROITT  POTASH 

THE  AMERICAN  POTASH  INSTI¬ 
TUTE,  INC.,  1155  16th  Street,  N.  W., 
Washington,  D.  C.,  has  nothing  to  sell. 
Its  job  is  to  assemble  and  pass  along 
to  farmers  new  information  about  the 
importance  of  potash.  In  fact,  the  In¬ 
stitute  supports  some  forty  research 
fellowships  at  experiment  stations  in 
the  United  States  and  Canada.  The 
Northeastern  Manager  for  the  Ameri¬ 
can  Potash  Institute  is  S.  D.  Gray,  and 
the  President,  Dr.  J.  W.  Turrentine. 

JOHN  DEERE  PLOWS 
AND  POWER 

John  Deere  started  building  plows 
in  1837  at  Grand  Detour,  Illinois,  and 
moved  to  Moline  in  1847.  The  first 
incorporation,  with  a  capitalization  of 
$250,000,  was  in  1868  at  Moline.  The 
place  of  original  establishment  was 
Grand  Detour. 

There  is  no  record  of  when  John 
Deere  plows  were  first  offered  to  New 
York  state  farmers,  but  it  is  a  good 
many  years  ago.  The  steel  plow  which 
was  invented  by  John  Deere  was  not 
such  an  important  contribution  to  the 
agriculture  of  the  East  as  it  was  to 
the  prairie  soils  of  the  Mississippi 
River  Valley  and  territories  further . 
West. 

H.  M.  Railsback  is  advertising  di¬ 
rector.  R.  E.  Swartley  is  advertising 
manager.  The  manager  of  the  Syra¬ 
cuse  branch  is  J.  H.  Choguill.  R.  F. 
Finch  is  branch  manager  of  the  Bal¬ 
timore,  Maryland,  branch  house.  JOHN 
DEERE,  Department  LG-15,  Moline, 
Illinois,  will  be  glad  to  send  you  in¬ 
formation  on  tractors  adapted  to  north¬ 
eastern  agriculture. 

G.L.F.  KEEPS 
PATRONS  INFORMED 

“The  basis  of  a  sound  business  co¬ 
operative  is  voluntary  use  by  fully  in¬ 
formed  patrons.”  This  is  the  slogan 
of  the  COOPERATIVE  G.L.F.  EX¬ 
CHANGE,  INC.,  Ithaca,  New  York. 
One  method  of  keeping  members  in¬ 
formed  is  the  G.L.F.  page  which  ap¬ 
pears  in  each  issue  of  American  Agri¬ 
culturist.  For  example,  there  is  page 
2  of  the  December  6  issue  which  tells 
patrons  of  farm  supplies  which  are 
likely  to  be  short  during  the  coming 
season. 

LEAGUE  FIGHTS 
FOR  PRICE 

For  years  the  DAIRYMEN’S 
LEAGUE  has  been  in  the  forefront  of 
the  fight  for  better  milk  prices.  The 
present  time  is  no  exception.  Unless 
the  Federal-State  Milk  Marketing  Or¬ 
der  for  the  metropolitan  area  is  amend¬ 
ed  before  next  spring,  the  Class  I 


price  will  slump.  The  League  says: 
“Join  a  cooperative;  work  with  it;  be¬ 
lieve  in  it.”  In  the  New  York  Milk 
Shed  consumers  outnumber  producers 
fifteen  to  one.  Only  by  standing  to¬ 
gether  can  producers  win. 

HISTORY  OF  OLIVER  CO.: 

Back  in  1855  James  Oliver  gave  the 
world  the  first  chilled  iron  plow.  In 
1842  the  Bickford  and  Huffman  Com¬ 
pany  of  Macedon,  New  York,  made  the 
first  grain  drill.  In  1903  several  com¬ 
panies  joined  together  to  form  the 
American  Seeding  Machine  Company, 
Springfield,  Ohio.  In  1900  Charles  Hart 
and  Charles  Parr  produced  the  world’s 
first  gasoline  tractor.  These  three  com¬ 
panies,  plus  the  Nichols  and  Shepard 
Company,  who  made  threshing  machin¬ 
es,  got  together  to  form  the  OLIVER 
FARM  EQUIPMENT  COMPANY  in 
1929. 

Oliver  manufactures  a  line  of  farm 
machinery  which  includes  some  1500 
machines.  They  make  a  complete  line 
of  tractors,  plus  corn  pickers,  grain 
drills,  manure  spreaders,  planters,  cul¬ 
tivators,  and  harvesting  equipment. 

LAROR  SAVERS  by  LEROY 

THE  LE  ROY  PLOW  COMPANY, 
LeRoy,  New  York,  has  served  north¬ 
eastern  farmers  for  over  sixty  years. 
They  manufacture  a  full  line  of  farm 
equipment,  including  plows,  harrows, 
cultivators,  potato  planters,  and  silo 
fillers.  Potato  growers  will  be  partic¬ 


ularly  interested  in  the  new  potato 
planter  available  in  either  one-  or  two- 
row  models.  You  can  see  it  at  your 
nearest  LeRoy  dealer. 

ECONOMY  SILOS 

The  year  1902  marked  the  beginning 
of  the  business  of  the  ECONOMY  SILO 
AND  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY, 
Frederick,  Maryland.  The  business 
was  started  in  Conshocken,  Penn¬ 
sylvania,  but  moved  to  Frederick  the 
next  year.  Since  the  business  started, 
this  concern  has  been  a  consistent  ad¬ 
vertiser  in  American  Agriculturist. 
Present  officers  are:  Mrs.  H.  O. 
Schroeder,  President;  Oscar  Coblentz, 
Vice-President;  Harry  O.  Schroeder, 
Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

HOME  GARDENS  PAY 

The  ROBSON  SEED  FARMS,  Box 
34,  Hall,  New  York,  have  printed  a 
1942  catalog.  Commercial  gardeners 
will  find  it  helpful,  and  so  will  the 
man  with  the  farm  garden.  Send  for  it 
today. 

"SPREAD”  ON  MARKET: 

Much  has  been  said  about  the  spread 
between  the  producer  and  the  consum¬ 
er.  THE  ATLANTIC  COMMISSION 


handled  by  that  company  was  passed 
along  to  producers.  In  1940  out  of 


every  dollar,  53.3c  was  returned  to 
growers  and  shippers;  while  in  1937 
only  46.8c  from  each  dollar  was  re¬ 
turned  to  growers  and  shippers. 

PRIZES  FOR  WINNERS 

February  1  is  the  closing  date  for 
the  latest  contest  conducted  by  MACA 
YEAST,  215  North  Michigan  Avenue, 
Department  I,  Chicago,  Illinois.  There 
are  $1,500  in  cash  prizes,  first  prize 
being  $1,000.  For  complete  rules,  see 
page  51  of  this  issue. 

RORDEN  SINCE  1851 

The  history  of  THE  BORDEN  COM¬ 
PANY,  350  Madison  Avenue,  New 
York  City,  goes  back  to  1851,  when 
Gail  Borden  developed  the  first  success¬ 
ful  method  of  preserving  milk.  For 
eighty-four  years  Borden  has  bought 
milk  in  the  area  served  by  American 
Agriculturist,  and  has  delivered  a  high- 
quality  product  to  the  doorsteps  of  con¬ 
sumers. 

INSURANCE: 

Times  ahead  are  uncertain.  One  way 
to  remove  some  of  the  uncertainty  is 
to  carry  adequate  life  insurance,  some¬ 
thing  which  in  the  past  too  few  farm¬ 
ers  have  done.  Send  today  to  the  NEW 
YORK  LIFE  INSURANCE  COM¬ 
PANY,  51  Madison  Avenue,  New  York 
City,  a  company  founded  in  1845,  and 
ask  them  for  information  on  “How  to 
Take  the  Worry  Out  of  Life.”  In  the 
New  York  Life  Insurance  Company 
advertisement  in  this  issue  you  will 
find  a  convenient  coupon  for  doing  this. 

ELECTRIC  HIRED  MEN 

Few  developments  have  helped  farm¬ 
ers  as  much  as  the  extension  of  electric 
lines  to  farm  territory.  In  the  fore¬ 
front  of  the  job  of  this  development 
have  been  the  operating  companies  of 
NIAGARA-HUDSON. 

DRINK  MORE  MILK 

For  seven  years  the  BUREAU  OF 
MILK  PUBLICITY  OF  THE  STATE 
OF  NEW  YORK  has  been  tackling  the 
job  of  making  ,  consumers  milk  con¬ 
scious.  Ultimately  the  cost  of  this 
job  is  paid  by  producers  and  dealers. 
Unquestionably  excellent  results  have 
been  secured.  The  New  York  State 
Grange  in  its  annual  session  at  Roches¬ 
ter  recommended  that  milk  publicity 
be  continued. 


Plans  to  Help  Meet 
Farm  Machinery 
Shortage 


actually  to  make  the  repairs,  but  to 
help  farmers  make  their  own  repairs, 
or  to  get  the  local  machinery  dealer 
service  man  to  make  them  before  the 
rush  of  spring  work  opens,  when  it 
may  be  impossible  to  get  repair  work 
done  or  to  get  parts. 

To  carry  on  this  work,  the  state  will 
be  divided  into  fifteen  districts,  each 
in  charge  of  an  agricultural  engineer. 
The  work  will  be  organized  under  the 
direction  of  the  county  agent  and  a 
local  committee.  Cooperating  with 
the  state  college  will  be  the  vocational 
high  schools  of  the  state,  with  their 
hundreds  of  boys  in  these  courses  en¬ 
couraged  to  urge,  and  to  help  with,  the 
early  repair  of  machinery  on  their 
home  and  neighboring  farms. 

Watch  for  local  announcements  of 
when  those  farm  repair  schools  and 
demonstrations  are  coming  to  your  com¬ 
munity,  ask  your  county  agent  to  keep 
you  informed  about  them,  and  by  all 
means  attend  the  school.  Other  states 
will  no  doubt  organize  similar  services 
to  help  meet  the  farm  labor  emerg¬ 
ency. 


COMPANY,  INC.,  is  proud  of  the  fact 
that  in  1940  a  larger  percentage  of  the 
consumer  dollar  spent  for  produce 


( Continued  from  Page  20) 
ing  ensilage,  spraying  fruits  and  vege¬ 
tables.  It  is  not  the  purpose  of  this 
emergency  machinery  repair  program 


(44)  44 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


For  more  than 
15  years 

CENTRAL  HUDSON 

ELECTRICITY 

has  powered 
the  presses 
of  this 
great  farm 
paper. 

CENTRAL  HUDSON 

GAS  &  ELECTRIC 
CORPORATION 

II 

“Serving  the 
Central  Hudson 
Valley” 

II 


Aids  Defense 


A  hundred  years  ago  it 
would  have  been  impos¬ 
sible  to  step  up  New  York 
State’s  farm  production 
for  Uncle  Sam  in  the  face 
of  such  a  shortage  of  help. 
Today  with  the  aid  of  elec¬ 
tricity  you  can  increase 
your  milk  and  egg  produc¬ 
tion;  raise  more  chickens, 
more  pigs;  have  more  time 
for  tending  valuable  field 
crops;  increase  your  har¬ 
vests  of  grain,  fruit  and 
vegetables.  Get  the  facts 
on  more  profitable  electric 
farming.  Other  costs  are 
up  but  Electricity  is 
cheaper. 


NEW  YORK  STATE 
ELECTRIC  &  GAS 


CORPORATION 


TIME  WELL  SPENT 

Time  taken  to  read  the  ad¬ 
vertisements  in  AMERICAN 
AGRICULTURIST  is  time 
well  spent— for  there  is  no 
better  way  to  keep  well  in¬ 
formed  on  new  things  on  the 
market,  what  to  buy  at  what 
price  and  where  to  go  to  get 
what  you  want.  When  you 
answer  an  “ad,"  be  sure  to 
mention  the  name  of 

American 

.Agriculturist 


Orange  Judd  Called  'dltem 

Sundry  Humbugs 

Service  Bureau  Points  Out  That  Human  Nature 
Has  Not  Changed  in  a  Hundred  Years 


BACK  IN  the  1850’s,  Orange  Judd, 
then  Editor  of  American  Agricul¬ 
turist,  made  two  important  decisions. 
First,  he  announced  in  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  in  no  uncertain  terms  that  ad¬ 
vertisers  with  bad  or  doubtful  reputa¬ 
tions  could  not  use  the  columns  of 
American  Agriculturist.  Then  becom¬ 
ing  disturbed  over  the  number  of  slick 
swindlers  who  were  preying  on  farm¬ 
ers,  he  proceeded,  under  the  heading 
“Sundry  Humbugs,”  to  expose  them 
issue  after  issue. 

Both  policies  have  been  continued 
down  to  the  present  day  and  will  be 
for  another  hundred  years.  American 
Agriculturist  guarantees  its  advertis¬ 
ers,  and  the  Protective  Service  Bureau 
saves  many  thousands  of  dollars  for 
readers  by  warning  them  of  the  latest 
swindles. 

Careful  reading  of  “Sundry  Hum¬ 
bugs”  in  the  old  bound  volumes  of 
American  Agriculturist  brings  one  in¬ 
escapable  conclusion.  Although  Yankee 
ingenuity  has  brought  startling  de¬ 
velopments  in  methods  of  farming,  we 
humans  (as  Romeyn  Berry  acknowl¬ 
edges  in  this  issue)  have  changed  but 
little.  Too  many  of  us  still  fall  for  the 
old  schemes,  now  “dressed  up”  in  mod¬ 
ern  clothes  but  based  on  the  age-old 
bait  of  “something  for  nothing.” 

For  example,  Orange  Judd  used 
vitriolic  words  to  blast  the  fakers  who 
offered  “get-rich-quick”  schemes.  Then, 
as  now,  suckers  were  advised  by  these 
fakers  to  “grasp  the  opportunity  quick¬ 
ly”  (of  course,  sending  the  required 
cash)  and  secure  by  return  mail  direc¬ 
tions  for  making  money  —  lots  of 
money. 

One  enterprising  swindler  of  the  old 
days  advertised  “engravings”  of  ten 
dollar  bills  at  low  cost.  Those  who 
bit,  believing  they  would  get  counter¬ 
feit  money  that  they  could  pass  along, 
received  useless  photographic  repro¬ 
ductions  instead.  In  a  way,  it  served 
them  right! 

Then  there  was  the  fellow  who  ad¬ 
vertised  “sure  death  to  potato  bugs.” 
For  25c  the  buyer  received  two  wooden 
paddles  with  directions:  “Put  the  bug 
on  one  paddle  and  hit  him  with  the 
other.” 

Today  the  Service  Bureau  and  our 
readers  are  plagued  with  work-at- 
home  schemes,  whose  promoters  always 
want  you  to  send  money  before  you  get 
the  work;  business  opportunities,  where 
your  cash  is  always  required  before 
they  tell  you  about  the  opportunity; 
and  swindling  stock  salesmen.  Orange 
Judd  wondered  why  the  swindler  part¬ 
ed  with  his  secret  for  so  small  a  sum. 
Why  didn’t  he  use  it  himself? 

Orange  Judd  reported  that  many 
crooks  broadcast  their  schemes  by 
mail,  using  plain  envelops  with  no 
stamps.  The  prospective  sucker  inno¬ 
cently  paid  the  postage  due  and  some¬ 
times  swallowed  the  bait,"  too. 

Now,  the  Post  Office  Department 
issues  frequent  orders  denying  the  use 
of  the  mails  to  firms  declared  fraudu¬ 
lent.  That  helps,  but  it  is  something 
like  locking  the  barn  door  after  the 
horse  is  stolen.  Too  often  the  promot¬ 
ers  open  up  shop  again  the  next  day 
under  a  new  name.  Laws  against 
swindlers  are  admirable,  but  our  second 
conclusion  is  that  the  surest  way  to 
close  up  such  fakers  is  for  the  public 
to  get  wise  and  keep  their  money. 

There  was  a  time  when  lightning  rod 
agents  roamed  the  countryside  secur¬ 
ing  signatures  to  contracts  at  exorbi¬ 
tant  prices.  Some  of  you  “old  timers” 


will  remember  the  gramophone  record 
in  which  “Josh”  reported  his  experi¬ 
ence.  The  agent  rodded  everything  on 
the  place,  ending  up  by  trying  to  in¬ 
stall  lightning  rods  on  the  calves.  The 
lightning  rods  were  a  good  thing,  but 
the  lightning  rod  company  wrote  the 
contract  in  a  manner  so  the  farmer 
got  a  raw  deal.  Now  the  same  tech¬ 
nique  is  being  followed  by  agents  of 
some  questionable  contractors.  This 
time  it  is  re-roofing  barns  or  houses. 
Here  again  the  man  who  signs  a  con¬ 
tract  without  reading  it  eventually 
wakes  up  with  a  bad  headache. 

Swindles  often  run  in  cycles.  A  de¬ 
cade  ago  the  land  shark  again  leaped 
into  action,  selling  worthless  lots  in 
New  Jersey,  Florida,  Texas,  and  other 
states,  on  the  promise  that  the  land 
would  double  its  value.  Some  who 
bought  lots  in  Florida,  sight  unseen, 
could  find  them  only  at  low  tide!  Land 
sharks  are  quiet  right  now,  but  if  a 
“boom”  comes,  watch  out  for  them! 

There  is  no  finer  group  of  men  than 
doctors,  yet  the  field  of  medicine  was 
once  a  bonanza  for  quacks.  Until  the 
scourge  of  tuberculosis  was  conquered, 
“consumption  cures”  fleeced  untold 
thousands  of  gullible  patients.  Other 
patent  medicines  promised  speedy 
cures  for  ills  of  all  kinds.  No  diagnosis 
was  deemed  necessary.  That  was 
avoided  by  selling  a  concoction  “guar¬ 
anteed”  to  cure  everything. 

Great  progress  has  been  made,  but 
an  occasional  quack  still  survives.  A 
few  years  ago  several  of  them  fleeced 
unsuspecting  old  couples  by  perform¬ 
ing  fake  eye  operations  to  remove  non¬ 
existent  cataracts.  Their  charges  were 
whatever  money  the  old  couple  had 
saved;  and  once  the  money  was  col¬ 
lected,  the  sharks  quickly  crossed  state 
lines  to  repeat  their  swindle.  Even 
today,  a  person  suffering  the  last 
stages  of  that  dread  disease,  cancer, 
can  find  a  quack  who  will  take  his 
money  and  “guarantee”  a  cure. 

The  last  half  of  the  1800’s  was  an 
era  of  expansion.  Many  a  man,  be¬ 
cause  he  was  smart  or  lucky,  amassed 
riches;  and  his  friends,  observing  his 
success  and  wishing  to  do  likewise  or 
better,  were  good  prospects  as  buyers 
of  stock  in  gold  mines  and  oil  wells, 
or  as  backers  of  new  inventions. 

We  have  learned  a  few  things  about 
such  ventures,  but  there  is  still  enough 
worthless  stock  kept  in  pigeon  holes 
and  strong  boxes  to  paper  a  good  many 
houses. 

Yes,  modern  schemes  are  dressed  dif¬ 
ferently,  but  the  bait  is  always  the 
same — something  for  nothing.  Swin¬ 
dlers  in  Orange  Judd’s  time  didn’t  sell 
day-old  cockerels  for  pullets  because 
no  one  knew  how  to  separate  the  sexes. 
They  didn’t  promise  government  jobs 
to  prospective  students  in  doubtful  cor¬ 
respondence  schools  because  such 
schools  were  non-existent.  They  didn’t 
pay  for  farm  products  with  worthless 
checks  because  it  took  too  long  for  a 
team  of  horses  to  cross  into  another 
state. 

But,  all  in  all,  considering  what  they 
had  to  work  with,  they  did  a  pretty 
good  job  of  fleecing  the  public. 

So  we  come  back  to  our  starting 
place.  Human  nature  hasn’t  changed 
much.  There  is  still  a  good  crop  of 
crooks  who  fear  honest  work  as  they 
do  the  Devil,  and  there  are  still  a  good 
crop  of  suckers  waiting  to  be  caught. 
One  thing  is  sure,  though.  The  reader 
of  American  Agriculturist  who  gets 
caught  on  old  swindles  does  so  because 


25.00  FRAUD  REWARD  —  American  Aorl. 
culturist  will  pay  $25.00  for  evidence  leading 
to  the  arrest,  conviction  and  imprisonment  for 
at  least  30  days  of  any  person  or  persons  who 
defraud  or  attempt  to  defraud  on  the  premises 
an  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  subscriber 
who  has  Protective  Service  Bureau  Sign  posted 
on  his  premises  at  the  time  such  fraud  is 
committed.  Claim  for  the  reward  must  be  made 
promptly,  not  later  than  the  date  of  convio- 
tion.  Reward  does  NOT  apply  to  conviction 
for  theft. 

American  Agriculturist  guarantees  fair  treat¬ 
ment  of  subscribers  by  advertisers.  We  refuse 
many  ads  known  to  be  unreliable  but  If  a 
fraud  slips  in,  joii  are  protected.  To  take  ad¬ 
vantage  of  guarantee,  subscribers  must  say, 
“I  saw  your  ad  in  American  Agriculturist”, 
when  writing  to  advertisers,  and  then  report 
unfair  treatment  promptly  to  Service  Bureau. 

Membership  In  the  Protective  Service  Bureau 
is  confined  to  our  Subscribers.  Free  service 
rendered  members  consists  of  the  adjustment  of 
claims,  collections  of  obligations  owed  by  sup¬ 
posedly  reliable  business  concerns  (does  not 
include  obligations  between  individuals  or  any 
claim  that  is  more  than  6  months  old);  and 
any  inquiries  a  subscriber  may  make  ebneern- 
Ing  the  problems  of  farming  or  home  making. 
Address  ail  letters  to  Service  Bureau,  American 
Agriculturist,  Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


he  fails  to  read  the  Service  Bureau 
page  regularly.  Most  readers  believe 
in  the  slogan  “Better  be  safe  than 
sorry,”  and  they  direct  a  few  questions 
to  the  American  Agriculturist  Service 
Bureau  before  they  sign  on  the  dotted 
line.  It’s  a  good  habit. 

L — A.  A. — 

NO!! 

We  were  surprised  at  a  letter  recent¬ 
ly  received  from  an  advertising  agency. 
In  effect  the  letter  said: 

“Mr. - ,  who  runs  a  chick  hatch¬ 

ery,  would  like  to  advertise  in  Ameru 
can  Agriculturist.  He  says  that  he 
will  advertise  in  this  paper  providing 
you  keep  out  of  his  business.  He  says 
that  he  has  been  in  the  chick  business 
for  twenty-eight  years,  and  has  never 
been  annoyed  by  any  publication  or  by 
any  honest  party  buying  chicks.” 

Readers  who  are  acquainted  with  the 
Service  Bureau  know  our  answer  to 
that  letter.  We  stated  that  the  Serv¬ 
ice  Bureau  protects  its  readers.  We 
expect  to  continue*  calling  any  com¬ 
plaints  from  our  readers  to  the  atten¬ 
tion  of  all  hatcheries  that  advertise  in 
American  Agriculturist.  We  expect 
that  such  hatcheries  will  answer  these 
complaints  promptly  and  reasonably. 
We  do  not  claim  that  the  subscriber 
is  always  right;  but  where  careful  in¬ 
vestigation  shows  that  he  has  a  just 
complaint,  we  expect  the  hatchery  to 
make  an  adjustment. 

No  hatchery  that  refuses  to  accept 
this  responsibility  can  advertise  in 
American  Agriculturist. 

— a.  a. — 

Know  Fur  Values 

The  Outdoorsman,  a  magazine  for 
sportsmen,  has  issued  a  warning 
against  bands  of  Gypsies  who  roam 
about  the  country  buying  furs.  Their 
aim  is  to  buy  furs  at  a  fraction  of 
what  they  are  really  worth,  and  their 
chief  victims  are  farmers  and  farm 
boys. 

Prices  of  furs  are  higher  than  they 
have  been  for  years,  and  every  trapper 
should  know  the  value  of  furs  before 
he  sells  them.  Incidentally,  the  less 
you  have  to  do  with  Gypsies,  whether 
it  is  selling  them  furs  or  something 
else,  the  better  off  you  are  likely  to  be. 

— a.  a. — 

Yesterday  I  received  a  check  from 

. covering  the  full  amount  of  their 

indebtedness  to  me. 

I  am  very  grateful  to  you  for  the 
way  you  handled  this  account  for  me. 
I  am  amazed  at  the  prompt  results  as 
it  seemed  like  an  impossible  nut  for  me 
to  crack.  I  had  tried  on  many  occas¬ 
ions  to  persuade  them  to  settle  this  ac¬ 
count  but  never  got  a  reply. 

Little  did  I  appreciate  how  valuable 
a  service  you  offer  to  farmers. 

— Subscriber. 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


45  (45) 


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>  •  •  •■•■<•  •••-  •• 


Field  Men  of  American  Agriculturist  Meet  With  Office  Executives 

Through  rain  or  shine  these  friendly  fellows  travel  the  roads  of  the  Northeast  so  you  may  have  the  opportunity  to  subscribe  or 
renew  your  subscription  to  American  Agriculturist.  Look  over  these  faces.  Probably  you  will  pick  Out  the  man  who  recently 
called  on  you.  When  one  of  these  men  calls  at  your  home,  you  will  find  him  as  friendly  and  helpful  as  are  the  pages  of  the  paper. 


(46)  46 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


— Photo  by  Perfection  Stove  Co. 

Old  “oil  lamp  cook  stove”  of 
50  years  ago. 


— Westinshouse. 


SOME  OLD 

recipes  said 
“Beat  one-half 
hour”!  It’s  too  bad  those  old-time 
cooks  didn’t  have  a  modern  electric 
mixer  to  take  the  ache  out  of  the  job. 


TIMES  have 


FOR  CENTURIES,  until  the  discovery  of  elec¬ 
tricity,  man  got  along  with  lamps  which  con¬ 
sisted  of  a  torch,  a  small  cup  of  oil  in  which 
floated  a  wick,  a  candle  in  a  candlestick,  or  a 
kerosene  lamp.  Today’s  efficient  I.E.S.  lamp,  pic¬ 
tured  below,  is  a  contribution  of  the  last  decade 
only. 

By  means  of  a  plastic  or  glass  bowl  and  a 
wide,  white-lined  shade,  it  provides  a 
diffused,  well-distributed  light. 


££0MITH’S  CANTERING  HORSES”  (above),  a  fore- 
runner  of  the  modern  bicycle,  were  considered  an  in- 
V.  7  vestment  in  “health  and  amusement”  in  Civil  War 
days.  Sizes  for  “children  from  2  to  18  years”  were 
advertised  in  American  Agriculturist  at  from  $8  to  $22; 
for  adults,  $30  to  $70.  “They’re  worth  the  money,”  pro¬ 
claimed  the  manufacturer,  and  he  cordially  invited  young  and 
old  to  come  and  take  a  ride  on  them.  In  1864,  the  Editor  of 

_ American  Agriculturist  wrote  enthusiastically  about  this 

form  of  locomotion. 

“We  have  had  one  of  Smith’s  Cantering  horses  for  several 
weeks,  and  can  speak  of  it  in  the  highest  terms.  It  is  an  unfail¬ 
ing  source  of  pleasure  to  the  little  folks,  who  take  turns  in  rid¬ 
ing  whenever  the  weather  admits  of  their  being  out  of  doors.  A 
boy  of  seven  drives  it  at  a  rapid  pace  and, guides  it  very  readily. 
Its  strong  construction,  and  consequent  durability,  are  decided 
recommendations  for  anything  to  be  used  by  bouncing  boys 
and  girls.” 


KITCHENS  have  undergone  the  biggest  transformation  of  all  dur¬ 
ing  the  past  century!  Remember  how  grandma  sometimes  had 
to  take  her  axe  in  hand  in  order  to  provide  fuel  for  the  cook 
stove?  Then  when  the  old  “oil  lamp  cook  stove”  came  along  fifty  years 
ago,  it  was  considered  a  big  step  forward.  Today,  even  the  most  remote 
home  can  have  a  beautiful  modern  kitchen,  no  matter  what  kind  of  fuel 
is  available — coal,  wood,  oil,  gas,  bottled  gas,  or  electricity.  In  the  kitchen 
pictured  below,  both  stove  and  refrigerator  are  oil  burning,  as  is  also  the 
heater  glimpsed  through  the  kitchen  door.  Just  as  handsome  is  the  coal 
and  wood  range  shown  at  lower  left. 

But  even  though  kitchens  today  are  a  lot  better  looking,  and  a  lot 
easier  to  work  in,  we  have  got  to  admit  that  they  can  never  beat  the 
old-fashioned,  roomy  kitchen  for  sheer  coziness.  There  was  a  lot  of  liv¬ 
ing  done  in  those  old  kitchens,  and  that's  why  we’ve  tucked  in  the  homey 
picture  at  the  left.  1 


— From  American  Agriculturist.  1864. 


— Photo  by  Perfection  Stove  Co, 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


47  (47) 


alumaea  ii*tce 


GRANDMA  wai  a  GIRL 


ao  HALER’S  Carpet  and  Floor  Sweeper”  (below)  was 
hailed  by  the  American  Agriculturist  Editor  in  1859 
as  one  of  the  greatest  labor  saving  devices  of  the  time. 
After  describing  its  advantages  over  the  “common  broom,”  he 
added,  “Had  some  of  our  mothers  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  the 
recent  sewing  machines,  and  other  modern  labor  and  life  saving 
implements,  they  might  have  been  saved  those  midnight  hours 
of  work,  and  instead  of  their  having  gone  early  to  their  graves, 
worn  out  with  care  and  toil,  we  might  now  be  enjoying  their 
society  and  counsel.” 

There  is  no  doubt  that  our  editor  of  1859  would  have  been  one 
of  the  first  to  praise  the  modern  vacuum  sweeper,  which  has 
now  taken  the  place  of  the  carpet  sweeper  in  many  homes. 
The  one  pictured  at  the  right  even  has  a  light  on 
it  to  prevent  dirt  from  hiding  away  in  corners. 


— Prom  American 
Agriculturist,  1864. 


CONTRAST  this  washable,  attrac¬ 
tive,  compact  and  comfortable 
bathroom  with  the  tea-kettle,  > 
wash-tub,  and  outdoor  toilet  sys¬ 
tem  which  housewives  have  struggled 
with  in  the  past.  The  wide  seat  on  the 
edge  of  the  tub  and  the  shelf  attached 
to  the  lavatory  are  new  features  which 
add  to  the  comfort  and  convenience. 
The  smooth  gleaming  white  surfaces, 
linoleum  floor,  and  water  repellent  paint 
above  the  tub  are  easily  kept  clean. 


—From  American 
Agriculturist.  1859. 


A  GREAT  favorite  back  in  1864 
was  this  “Nonpareil  Washing 
Machine,”  shown  to  right.  It  ' 
was  guaranteed  to  save  two- 
thirds  of  the  labor  and  time  of  hand 
washing,  and  an  advertisement  of  it 
carried  in  American  Agriculturist  at 
that  time  assured  readers  that  “this 
machine  has  been  in  constant  use  in 
the  family  of  Mr.  Judd,  proprietor  of 
this  Journal,  since  1861.”  Its  cost  was 
from  $12  to  $20. 

Practically  human,  however,  are  to¬ 
day’s  electric  washers  and  ironers. 
Lucky  is  the  woman  who  has  both. 

The  electric  washing  machine  shown 
in  the  picture  below  has  a  door  which 
opens  downward  and  becomes  a  shelf 
for  the  sorting  of  soiled  clothes  taken' 
from  the  handy  laundry  chute  beside  it. 


— Westinghou.se. 


THE  CHARCOAL- BURNING  IRON  below  (left)  was 
considered  quite  a  Jabor-saver  in  its  day.  It  main¬ 
tained  a  steadier  heat  for  a  longer  time  than  the 
old  sad-irons,  was  not  so  heavy,  and  did  not  require 
a  stove  to  keep  it  hot.  But  how  our  grandmothers  would 
have  taken  to  the  sleek,  streamlined,  light-weight  electric 
iron  pictured  below  (right).  Its  curved  handle  fits  the  hand 
perfectly,  thus  lessening  ironing  fatigue,  and  there’s  even 
a  heat  indicator  for  all  different  fabrics — linen,  cotton,  wool, 

silk,  and  rayon ! 


—Photo  by  Seirs.  Roebuck  &  Co. 


— Westinghous*. 


(48)  4a 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


Pe/iAxmal 

✓ 

Mother  Should  Invite  You 

Dear  Ducile :  The  boy  I  go  with  is  in 
the  army  and  will  have  a  furlough  soon. 
He  wants  to  make  the  most  of  his  time, 
yet  see  both  me  and  his  folks.  So,  he 
has  asked  me  to  come  to  his  home,  150 
miles  from  here.  Should  I  go? — Ellen. 

In  regard  to  your  visit  at  the  home 
of  this  boy  with  whom  you  are  very 
good  friends,  I  think  it  would  be  prop¬ 
er  for  you  to  do  so,  if  his  mother 
writes  you  a  letter  of  invitation.  As 
you  say,  the  fact  that  he  is  in  the 
army  and  wants  to  make  the  most  of 
his  furlough  by  combining  visiting  you 
and  his  family  at  the  same  time  puts 
a  little  different  light  on  the  matter. 
Ordinarily,  you  probably  would  not 
consider  doing  this,  but  under  the  ex¬ 
isting  circumstances,  I  feel  that  it 
would  be  proper.  However,  you  should 
not  go  to  his  home  unless  his  mother 
seconds  his  invitation.  If  you  tell  the 
boy  this,  no  doubt  he  will  be  glad  to 
have  her  write  and  invite  you. 

*  *  * 

It  Shouldn’t  Matter,, 

Dear  Lucile :  I  met  a  nice  fellow  but  I 
found  out  he  is  29  years  old  and  I  am  33 
years  old.  Do  you  think  that  the  differ¬ 
ence  between  the  ages  will  matter?  Or 
do  you  think  I  should  wait  and  meet  some 
one  who  is  older  than  myself? — Eva. 

While  each  case  is  different,  depend¬ 
ing  on  the  temperament  of  individuals, 
I  would  not  say  that  four  years  differ¬ 
ence  between  a  man  and  woman  should 
matter.  At  29  a  young  man  is  old 
enough  to  be  rather  settled  down,  so  a 
woman  of  33  would  not  have  tastes 
much  different  from  his  own,  so  far 


PtoldemA, 

as  going  and  entertaining  and  exciting 
times,  etc.,  are  concerned. 

Troubles  usually  come  when  one 
partner  is  so  much  younger  than  the 
other  that  he  or  she  wants  to  be  out 
“tearing  around”  while  the  other  wants 
to  sit  quietly  by  the  hearth  fire  and 
toast  his  or  her  shins. 

I  don’t  feel  that  you  should  have  any 
difficulties  over  the  age  question.  You 
should  tell  the  young  man  the  truth, 
though,  and  not  try  to  deceive  him 
about  your  age. 

*  *  * 

Must  Mind  Your  Ma 

Dear  Lucile :  I  have  read  many  of  the 
personal  affairs  in  your  column  and  I 
hope  you  can  help  me.  I  am  a  girl  of  17 
and  I  want  you  to  give  me  some  advice. 
There  are  boys  who  would  take  me  out, 
but  my  parents  won’t  allow  it. 

Another  problem  is  wearing  make-up. 
In  our  home  economics  class  we  are 
studying  personal  grooming.  The  day 
came  when  we  had  to  apply  make-up  to 
another  girl  in  the  class.  After  I  was  fix¬ 
ed  up,  the  teacher  and  the  rest  of  the 
class  said  it  made  me  look  much  better. 
Again  my  parents  won’t  allow  it. 

They  won’t  let  me  go  to  class  parties 
and  yet  they  expect  me  to  be  popular 
with  the  rest  of  the  school. — Lonely. 

You  have  not  asked  any  definite 
questions,  so  I  do  not  know  just  what 
you  expect  to  be  given  in  the  way  of 
advice  or  help.  I  will  say,  however, 
that  it  would  seem  at  almost  18  you 
might  be  allowed  to  wear  make-up  in 
moderation  and  have  an  pccasional 
date.  However,  if  your  parents  are  tak¬ 
ing  a  very  decided  stand  against  it,  not 
knowing  any  more  of  the  details,  then 


I  am  afraid  there  is  very  little  I  can 
tell  you  in  the  way  of  advice.  Usually 
we  have  to  accept  the  decisions  of  our 
parents  when  we  are  making  our  home 
with  them  or  suffer  unpleasant  conse¬ 
quences.  A  girl  is  never  very  happy 
going  against  the  wishes  of  her  father 
and  mother. 

*  *  * 

Use  Restraint 

Dear  Lucile :  I  am  an  educated  young 
woman  of  thirty.  Consequently,  I  have 
met  several  cultured  young  men  whose 
particular  acquaintance  I’d  like  to  have. 
Most  of  the  introductions  occurred 
through  a  third  person.  My  question  is : 
Is  it  proper  for  me  to  express  my  inter¬ 
est  first  in  the  young  man  to  the  third 
person,  or  must  I  wait  until  he  (the 
young  man)  takes  the  initiative?  One 
particular  young  man  lives  in  another 
city,  away  from  me,  so  we  do  not  have 
the  opportunity  of  seeing  each  other.  If 
I  should  go  to  his  city,  would  it  be  im¬ 
proper  for  me  to  telephone  or  call  on 
him?  Would  writing  first,  if  we  had  com¬ 
mon  interests,  be  improper? — Jane. 

If  you  have  been  properly  introduc¬ 
ed  to  young  men  and  have  had  oppor¬ 
tunities  to  talk  with  them  and  be  in 
their  company,  it  would  almost  seem 
that  it  should  be  up  to  them  to  take 
the  lead,  especially  in  the  carrying  on 
of  a  correspondence.  However,  I 
should  think  there  would  be  no  harm 
in  your  telling  the  person  who  had  in¬ 
troduced  you  to  a  young  man  that  you 
liked  him  very  much  and  felt  interested 
in  him.s  Also,  if  you  happen  to  be 
visiting  in  the  city  where  friends  are 
living  or  working,  and  they  do  not 
know  you  are  coming  so  that  they 
might  plan  a  meeting  with  you,  it 
would  not  be  improper  for  you  to  call 
them  on  the  telephone,  saying  that  you 
were  in  town  and  just  wanted  to  say 
hello.  Then,  of  course,  you  could  judge 
by  whether  or  not  they  tried  to  make 
an  engagement  with  you  if  they  were 
interested. 

*  *  * 

Take  a  Vacation 

Dear  Lucile :  I  have  a  problem  which  is 
worrying  me  so  I  thought  I  would  write 
you  and  ask  you  to  give  me  your  advice. 

I  have  been  married  twice.  Seven  years 
ago  I  married  the  man  I  am  living  with 
now.  I  loved  him  very  much  and  I 
thought  he  cared  for  me,  but  soon  found 
out  different  after  we  were  married. 

He  has  no  children.  I  have  children  and 
several  grandchildren.  He  has  been  more 
or  less  jealous  of  my  family.  I  think  he 
would  have  been  happy  if  I  had  just  ig¬ 
nored  my  children.  If  I  do  anything  for 
them,  I  feel  I  have  to  do  it  unbeknown 
to  him.  I  have  always  tried  to  use  his 
people  just  as  good  as  my  own,  and  was 
perfectly  willing  that  he  help  them  in 
time  of  need.  One  time  he  told  me  just 
how  many  meals  my  relatives  had  eaten 
at  our  house,  so  all  these  things  just 
seemed  to  turn  me  against  him  until  I 
have  lost  all  my  love  for  him. 

I  just  feel  sorry  for  him  because  he  has 
made  such  a  fool  of  himself  when  we 
might  have  been  happy  together.  I  have 
tried  my  best  to  overlook  things  and  make 
a  go  of  it,  but  the  longer  I  stay  with 
him  the.  worse  I  feel.  I  'have  commenced 
to  think  it  is  affecting  my  health.  I  feel 
so  depressed  and  blue.  I  feel  better  when 
he  is  away  from  me.  I  seem  to  have  more 
peace  of  mind.  I  can’t  confide  in  him  any 
more.  We  just  seem  to  pull  apart  all  the 
time. 

Two  years  ago  he  had  an  operation  and 
he  isn’t  well  and  I  don’t  think  he  is  just 
normal  mentally,  so  he  may  not  be  re¬ 
sponsible  for  his  actions.  I  am  sure  he 
would  be  happier  without  me  because  he 
doesn’t  have  any  love  or  affection  for  me. 
He  has  a  good  job  and  we  have  a  com¬ 
fortable  home.  I  do  hate  to  leave  it,  but 
under  the  circumstances  I  feel  I  will  have 
to  do  something  rather  than  live  in  mis¬ 
ery  and  ruin  my  health.  I  have  thought 
of  going  away  for  a  few  months,  just  to 
see  if  I  would  feel  any  different.  I  could 
tell  then  if  I  was  more  happy  and  peace¬ 
ful  without  him.— Unhappy. 

You  have  made  the  mistake  in  your 
letter  that  so  many  people  who  write 
me,  make.  You  have  told  me  of  your 
troubles  but  have  not  asked  me  any 
definite  questions  by  which  I  might 
have  helped  you.  In  such  cases,  about 
all  I  can  offer  is  my  sympathy,  which 


doesn’t  do  anything  toward  solving 
your  problems,  I  know. 

I  think  your  source  of  trouble  is  a 
very  common  one  —  your  children.  So 
often  step-children  cannot  get  along 
happily  with  a  step-father  or  step¬ 
mother.  It  has  put  you  in  a  difficult 
position,  I  know,  trying  to  keep  the 
peace.  That  you  failed  is  not  neces¬ 
sarily  a  reflection  on  yourself.  Many 
others  have  failed  at  the  same  task. 

Perhaps  a  vacation  away  from  your 
husband  would  help  you,  but  I  do  not 
think  I  would  do  anything  so  drastic  as 
a  separation  or  divorce.  You  say  he 
has  a  good  job  and  you  have  a  com¬ 
fortable  home,  and  that  is  worth  a 
great  deal  in  these  days.  Try  hard  to 
readjust  your  thinking  and  see  him 
in  a  kindlier  light,  especially  consid¬ 
ering  his  physical  disability.  It  will 
be  hard  to  do,  perhaps,  but  your  own 
happiness  would  seem  to  depend  up¬ 
on  it. 

*  *  * 

You’re  Using  Tact 

Dear  Lucile :  Among  our  friends  is  a 
young  married  couple  with  whom  we 
chum  quite  a  bit.  We  can  never  spend  an 
evening  together  but  what  the  husband 
must  tell  dirty  jokes  or  make  insinuating 
remarks  of  one  kind  or  another.  I  have 
tried  changing  the  subject,  acting  as  if  I 
didn’t  hear  what  he  said,  but  all  to  no 
avail.  My  husband  seems  to  think  it  quite 
all  right,  in  fact,  even  encourages  him. 
Now  how  should  such  a  situation  be 
handled?  How  can  I  let  people  like  that 
know  I  am  not  interested  in  that  sort 
of  thing?  His  wife  is  very  different  and  I 
like  her  very  much,  but  I  do  get  so  tired 
of  hearing  him. 

I  suppose  this  letter  sounds  very  much 
as  if  I  am  a  prude.  I  like  good,  clean 
fun  and  can  ha.ve  a  good  time,  but  I 
don’t  care  to  tell  dirty  jokes  in  order  to 
have  it. — Disgusted. 

It  seems  to  me  like  you  are  doing 
about  all  that  is  possible  to  do  in  the 
situation.  It  may  not  be  possible  for 
you  to  change  the  conversation  habits 
of  your  friend,  but  you  do  not  have  to 
act  as  though  you  were  amused  or. 
approved  of  his  habit  of  telling  shady 
stories.  Some  people  seem  to  see  very 
little  harm  in  such  a  practice  and  I  do 
not  think  you  can  change  folks,  and 
if  you  are  drawn  in  contact  with  them, 
you  do  not,  of  course,  want  to  act  in¬ 
sulted,  for  it  is  often  the  case  that 
they  have  other  very  good  qualities 
which  you  could  admire.  Pursue  the 
course  which  you  have  adopted  of  try¬ 
ing  to  change  the  subject  or  acting  as 
though  you  did  not  overhear  the  re¬ 
mark.  This  seems  to  be  a  tactful  way 
of  handling  it.  / 

*  *  * 

It’s  Correct 

Dear  Lucile :  I  would  like  very  much  to 
meet  a  certain  boy,  but  he  works  during 
the  day  out  of  town.  One  of  my  girl 
friends  said  that  it  isn’t  right  for  a  girl 
to  ask  someone  he  knows  to  introduce  her 
to  him.  What  should  I  do? — Puzzled. 

It  would  be  proper  for  a  boy  known 
to  you  and  the  young  man  you  want 
to  get  acquainted  with,  to  introduce 
you. 


“Is  your  boy  friend  an  auction¬ 
eer?  He  keeps  saying  lie’s  going 
—  going  — -going,  but  he  hasn’t 
gone  yet!” 


.BEFORE 


FREEZING  WEATHER  SETS  IN 


Have  a  Comfortably  Heated  Home  this  Winter ! 


UTICA  Boilers  and 
Radiators  are  efficient 
and  economical. 


GUARANTEE 

Utica  Radiator  Corp. 
guarantees  the  materials 
against  defects  and  the 
signature  of  your  local 
dealer  assures  you  of 
satisfactory  installation. 


MAIL  COUPON  FOR 

Free 

HEATING  ESTIMATE 


If  you  can  repair  your  present  heating 
system,  we  recommend  your  doing  so. 
If  not,  now  is  the  time  to  install  a  good 
heating  system  which  will  assure  you  of 
heating  comfort  for  many  years.  But  you 
had  better  act  soon,  or  it  may  be  too  late 
for  this  winter.  Investigate  a  UTICA 
HEATING  SYSTEM  and  buy  now,  be¬ 
fore  freezing  weather  sets  in. 

Utica  still  offers 
EASY  PAYMENT  TERMS 

UTICA  still  offers  easy  payments,  with  a  modest 
down  payment,  eighteen  months  to  pay  and 
small  monthly  payments.  Your  local  UTICA 
dealer,  who  is  best  able  to  serve  you,  will  be 
glad  to  inspect  your  heating  plant  and  give  you 
a  free  estimate  of  the  cost  of  repairs  or  replace¬ 
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HEATING  ESTIMATE. 

UTICA  RADIATOR 

CORPORATION 
UTICA,  N.Y. 


UTICA  RADIATOR  CORP.,  Dept.  A-I,  Utica,  N.Y. 
Please  have  your  nearest  Utica  dealer  inspect  my  heating 
plant  and  estimate  on  the  cost  of  repairs  or  replacement. 
It  is  understood  that  this  places  me  under  no  obligation. 


Name 


Address 
City . 


.  State. 

(Please  Print  or  Write  Plainly) 


Most  convenient  time . at. 

(Day  or  Days) 


A.M. 

P.M. 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 

THEN 


49  (49) 


and  NOW 


o  e'y'o-.’cT' 

°  —  5 


American  Agriculturist’s  fashion 
notes  began  in  the  day  of  tight 
bodices  and  full  flowing  skirts, 
bolstered  up  by  hoops  or  num¬ 
erous  petticoats.  These  basic  fashions 
held  with  minor  variations  for  a  long 
period,  individual  touches  being  intro¬ 
duced  by  the  use  of  different  collars, 
sleeves  and  trimmings.  Men  wore 
cloaks  and  tall  hats,  while  bonnets  and 
shawls  (very  fancy  ones  indeed  for 
dress  occasions)  were  standard  wo¬ 
men’s  wear. 

Although  America  was  a  youthful 
democracy  which  had  quit  itself  of  the 
rule  of  kings,  it  still  accepted  its  styles 
from  Europe,  where  they  were  started 
by  members  of  the  royal  families.  Oc¬ 
casionally  some  royal  mishap,  resulted 


Home  sewing  those 
days  meant  something ! 
Even  the  underwear 
was  complicated — to  make, 
to  wear  and  to  launder. 


How  simple  it  is  to 
make  these  easy- 
to-fit,  easy-to-keep 
and  easy-to-store  undies. 
What  a  difference ! 


wide  brim  of  her  leghorn  hat.  She 
treated  the  whole  incident  as  a  great 
joke  and  perched  the  remaining  crown 
of  the  hat  on  her  elaborate  hairdo 
and  returned  to  Paris.  The  effect  was 
so  charming  that  all  the  court  ladies 
immediately  ordered  such  tiny  hats  for 
( Continued  on  Page  53) 


in  a  new  style  which  spread  like  wild 
fire;  even  we  in  our  day,  in  copying 
those  styles  of  100  years  ago,  have 
not  always  realized  their  origin.  For 
instance,  our  recent  “porkpie”  hat  was 
accidentally  made  fashionable  by  the 
Comptesse  de  Castiglione,  said  to  be 


the  loveliest  woman  of  the  Second  Em¬ 
pire  and  one  of  its  most  popular  social 
figures. 

She  had  been  on  a  court  picnic  in  a 
forest  near  St.  Cloud  and  took  with 
her,  her  little  spaniel  puppy  which 
amused  itself  by  chewing  away  the 


1942  PATTERNS 


In  1842,  clothes  for  little  folks  simply 
duplicated  those  of  their  elders;  very 
fetching  indeed,  but  hardly  indicative  of 
carefree,  unhampered  childhood. 


No.  3098.  Sizes  6  to  14.  Size  8,  2  yds.  35- 
in.  fabric,  %  yd.  contrasting. 

No.  3219.  Sizes  10  to  20.  Size  16,  3  yds. 

39-in.  fabric,  %  yd.  contrasting. 

No.  3294.  Sizes  36  to  52.  Size  36,  3%  yds. 
39-in.  fabric  for  dress;  %  yd.  35-in. 
for  dickey. 

No.  2628.  Sizes  14  to  46.  Size  36,  2%  yds. 
39-in.  fabric,  1%  yds.  lace  for  ruffle,  3% 
yds.  edging  for  straps  and  camisole 
top,  4  yds.  beading. 

No.  2543.  Sizes  12  to  42.  Size  36,  1%  yds. 
35-in.  fabric,  1%  yds.  lace. 


No.  2937.  Sizes  2  to  8.  Size  4,  1  yd.  39-in. 
fabric  for  blouse;  %  yd.  54-in.  for 
trousers. 

No.  2581.  Sizds  2  to  8.  Size  4,  1%  yds.  39- 
in.  fabric  for  hat  and  jacket ;  %  yd. 
54-in.  for  skirt.  Skirt  can  be  made 
either  with  suspender  straps  or  with  a 
camisole  top. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address,  pat¬ 
tern  size  and  number  clearly  and  en¬ 
close  15c  in  stamps.  Address  Pattern 
Dept.,  American  Agriculturist,  10  North 
Cherry  Street,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  Add 
12c  for  a  copy  of  our  fashion  catalog. 


i^2?37\£) 


Contrast  these  smart¬ 
ly  simple,  attractive 
and  easily-cared-for 
togs  for  children  of 
the  present  moment  with  thos*  worn  by 
the  little  brother  and  sister  of  a  hundred 
years  ago. 


2581 


(50)  50 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


% 


(jb 

/VIPS'.  <jRoa 

mmws 

j4ucK.tr  i 


Meals  for  a  Week  in  1863 

(An  “economical  menu”  by  a  contributor  to 
American  Agriculturist  in  November,  1863.) 
BREAKFAST. — Each  morning  buckwheat  cakes, 
cold  meat,  tea  and  coffee;  excepting  that  on 
Monday  and  Thursday,  eggs  are  served  instead 
of  cakes. 

DINNER. — -Sunday,  Monday  and  Tuesday  :  roast 
beef,  potatoes,  turnips,  and  bread  pudding —  r 
omitting  the  pudding  on  Monday.  Wednesday: 
roast  pork,  potatoes,  turnips  and  onion  sauce.  v/ 
Thursday:  the  same  with  pancakes.  Friday: 
corned  beef,  potatoes,  turnips  and  batter  pud¬ 
ding.  Saturday:  the  same  except  bread  pudding. 
Tea  at  each  dinner. 

TEA. — Toast,  preserves,  tea  and  coffee,  and 
twice,  fried  kidneys  extra. 


HE  1840’s,  when  Am&rican 
^  m  Agriculturist  came  into  being, 
m  were  a  period  of  gradual 
*  transition  from  the  open  fire¬ 
place  and  Dutch  oven  type  of 
cookery,  the  truly  Colonial,  to  the  less 
picturesque  but  more  convenient  cook- 
stove  kind.  This,  besides  being  a  great 
labor  and  timesaver,  opened  up  to  the 
average  household  a  great  group  of 
dishes  which  formerly  had  been  con¬ 
sidered  luxuries. 

Pancakes,  waffles,  biscuits,  cookies, 
those  small  breads  and  cakes  requiring 
quick  intense  heat,  now  were  possible 
without  the  back-breaking  business  of 
holding  the  utensils  directly  over  the 
fire.  Utensils  now  became  lighter  and 
less  cumbersome,  usually  of  tin. 

Roads  and  transportation  were  im¬ 
proving,  with  a  better  chance  of  vary¬ 
ing  the  home-grown  diet,  provided  one 
had  the  wherewithal.  Generally  speak¬ 
ing,  one  ate  what  one  had  and  if  it  was 
a  poor  crop  year,  the  housewife  was 
hard  put  to  it  to  get  any  variety  into 
her  bill-of-fare. 

For  the  local  stores  did  not  carry 
more  than  staple  groceries,  which  were 
usually  bought  in  barrels  or  100-pound 
bags.  Sugar  came  in  a  huge  cone  or  in 
blocks  which  had  to  be  crushed  or 
beaten  to  a  powder  before  it  could  be 
used.  Salt  was  just  as  bad,  and  spices, 
saleratus  and  cream  of  tartar  came  in 


■fapM 

: 


MEALS  FOR  A  WEEK  IN  1942 

(From  a  current  American  Agriculturist  Home  Service  Bulletin 

on  balanced  meals.) 


BREAKFAST 

1.  Orange 

Oatmeal  with  cream 
or  milk 
Bacon  and  egg 


2.  Stewed  dried  apricots 
Shredded  wheat  with 
cream  or  milk 
Poached  egg  on  toast 

S.  Grapefruit 

Farina  with  cream 
or  milk 

Creamed  egg  on  toast 

4.  Stewed  prunes 

Rolled  oats  with  cream 
or  milk 

French  toast,  syrup 


5.  Baked  apple 

Ralston’s  with  cream 
or  milk 
Bacon 


LUNCH  OR  SUPPER 

Toasted  cheese  sandwiches 
Fruit  salad  - 
Cake 
Cocoa 


Oyster-milk  stew 
Baked  potatoes 
Cabbage  slaw 
Sliced  yellow  peaches 

Welsh  rarebit 
Buttered  beets  cooked 
with  tops 
Apple  Crisp 

Spinach  omelet 
Creamed  celery 
Apple  sauce 
Fig  cookies 


Egg  and  tomato  salad 
Hot  gingerbread  with 
whipped  cream 


DINNER 

Hot  tomato  juice  cocktail 
Roast  beef — brown  potatoes 
Creamed  carrots 
Lettuce  with  French  dressing 
Ice  cream 

Pork  chops 
Scalloped  potatoes 
Buttered  spinach 
Cream  tapioca  pudding 

Liver  with  bacon 
Baked  potato — buttered  peas 
Perfection  salad 
Baked  banana 

Swiss  steak 
Mashed  potatoes 
String  beans 

Celery  and  cabbage  salad 
Butterscotch  pie 

Baked  ham 
Macaroni  au  gratin 
Buttered  cabbage 
Apple  Snow 


bread,  cake,  or  all-purpose  flour.  But 
if  your  great-grandmother  expected 
to  be  a  good  cook,  she  had  to  be  able 
to  judge  her  flour  before  she  used  it. 

Taken  altogether,  learning  to  cook 
was  a  matter  of  experience.  Cook¬ 
books  were  just  beginning  to  be  pub¬ 
lished  and  many  of  them  made  inter¬ 
esting  reading  rather  than  accurate 
guides  as  to  quantities  and  processes. 
A  pinch  of  this  or  that,  butter  the  size 
of  a  walnut,  or  just  “some”  were  terms 
much  used  in  old  recipes.  They  did 
not  spare  words,  either.  Take  this  one 
which  appeared  in  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  under  date  of  May,  1859: 

“First,  buy  a  good  Cooking  Salt  Cod¬ 
fish — one  with  little  or  no  odor,  and 
of  uniform  color  throughout.  Any  spots 
darker  than  the  rest  indicate  poor  cur¬ 
ing,  and  will  perhaps  spoil  the  flavor 
of  the  whole  fish.  Look  for  these  blem- 


Ripe  bananas 
Puffed  wheat  with  cream 
or  milk 

Scrambled  eggs 


Baked  beans 
Apple  celery  nut  salad 
Peaches  on  rice  pudding 


Salmon  loaf 
Parsley  potatoes 
Stewed  tomatoes 
Apple  pie  with  cheese 


At  every  meal  there  should  be  milk  for  the  children ;  bread  and  butter 
(whole  grain  bread  preferably).  Beverage  for  adults,  milk  preferred;  if  tea 
or  coffee,  not  in  excess. 


bulk.  Individual,  sealed  packages  were 
unknown.  So  when  baking  day  came 
a  hundred  years  ago,  a  lot  of  prepara¬ 
tion  was  necessary  before  the  actual 
mixing  could  take  place. 

And  that  was  not  all.  Sonny  had  to 
heap  wood  in  the  Dutch  oven  and  keep 
a  brisk  fire  for  two  or  three  hours  in 
order  to  heat  thoroughly  the  brick  lin¬ 
ing.  Then  he  raked  out  the  embers  and 
Mother  could  put  in  her  bread  or  pies 


which  she  had  been  getting  ready.  For 
slow  baking,  such  an  oven  turned  out 
a  beautiful  product — provided  the  fire 
had  been  just  right!  Breads  and  cakes 
were  in  loaf  form,  pies  much  as  we 
know  them  now. 

The  quality  of  flour  varied,  depend¬ 
ing  upon  the  season,  the  variety  and 
the  locality.  Contrast  that  with  our 
present-day  standardized  flours:  we 
know  what  to  expect  when  we  buy  a 


ishes  even  around  the  edges.  The  light- 
colored  flesh  is  usually  best.  The  fish 
is  to  be  picked  pretty  fine,  and  placed 
in  cold  water  over  night.  (If  this  be 
not  done  beforehand,  it  should  be  pick¬ 
ed  very  fine,  put  in  cold  water,  and 
slowly  heated,  and  then  boiled  briskly 
to  get  out  the  salt.)  In  the  morning, 
pour  off  the  soaking  water,  and  rinse 
with  more  cold  water,  which  will  re¬ 
move  any  disagreeable  flavor  remain¬ 
ing  from  the  soaking  water.  Next,  pick 
it  into  very  fine  bits,  put  in  cold  water, 
heat  and  scald.  Pour  off  the  water,  and 
put  in  some  milk,  and  heat.  To  this 
add  a  good  supply  of  flour  stirred  in 
water,  and  cook  it  thoroughly.  Here  is 
the  most  common  failure — the  flour  is 
not  cooked  enough  but  is  left  with  a 
raw  taste.  Just  before  removing  from 


MILK  AND  —  Molasses,  once  considered 
only  a  good  cheap  source  of  sweetening, 
is  now  appreciated  also  because  it  is  a 
good  source  of  iron  and  phosphorus  and 
of  certain  vitamins.  Combine  it  with  milk 
for  a  novel  milk  shake,  whose  origins  go 
back  to  the  days  when  molasses  came 
from  the  Indies  and  the  South  by  sailing 
vessels  and  was  the  staple  sweetening  in 
every  larder.  Here  is  the  recipe  for  a 
1942  molasses  milk  shake: 

|'/2  teaspoons  New  Orleans  Pinch  of  cinnamon 
molasses  I  cup  milk 

Combine  molasses,  cinnamon,  and  milk. 
Shake  thoroughly.  This  is  a  simply  made, 
nutritious  drink  suitable  for  children  and 
adults  alike. 


the  fire,  stir  in  one,  two  or  three  beat¬ 
en  eggs,  and  a  little  butter  with  more 
milk,  if  necessary,  to  leave  it  just 
thick  enough  to  dip  out  with  a  spoon. 
It  may  need  a  little  salt.  You  thus 
have  a  dish  that  tastes  well,  digests 
well,  nourishes  well,  and  is  more  eco¬ 
nomical  than  most  meat  dishes  —  just 
the  thing  for  breakfast.” 

Another  old  recipe  tells  how  to  boil 
a  ham.  I  judge  that  time  and  fuel  had 
very  little  meaning  in  that  family. 

“Soak  the  ham  two  days  in  milk  and 
water;  after  which  let  it  boil  upon  the 
fire,  or  stove,  for  the  space  of  eight 
hours,  but  with  a  moderate  quantity 
of  water.  Add,  during  the  boiling,  the 
coarse  parts  of  any  kind  of  meat  and 
a  few  carrots  and  onions.” 

Pickling  and  preserving  were  done 
chiefly  in  stone  crocks,  although  con¬ 
stant  experiments  were  being  tried  to 
find  a  cheap  and  easy  way  of  keeping 
foods.  Tin  cans  with  screw  tops  seem 
to  have  been  used  first;  then  glass  jars 
came  into  favor.  In  American  Agricul¬ 
turist,  October,  1859,  a  reader  said  that 
she  had  evolved  this  method  of  keep¬ 
ing  fruits  and  tomatoes:  After  the 
glass  jar  was  filled  with  the  fruit, 
which  had  been  “scalded  through,”  a 
wide  cork  stopper  was  put  into  the  jar 
and  a  coating  of  cement  added.  Then 
the  jar  was  inverted  into  tin  patty  pans 
and  more  cement  poured  in  around  the 
neck  until  the  patty  pans  were  one- 
half  or  two-thirds  full.  The  writer  of 
that  article  said  that  she  had  put  up 
many  bushels  of  tomatoes  that  way 
and  had  not  lost  one  bottle. 

All  this  seems  very  elementary  when 
compared  with  the  great  variety  of 
meats  and  vegetables  which  now  are 
canned  with  perfect  safety  under  pres¬ 
sure,  and  the  amazing  variety  of  fruits 
and  fruit  drinks  which  have  been  made 
possible  due  to  improved  methods  of 
home  canning  and  the  commercial  var¬ 
ieties.  Not  only  do  these  foods  lend 
variety  to  the  daily  menu,  but  the 
study  of  recent  years  shows  just  how 
important  they  are  to  health  and  hu¬ 
man  efficiency.  Even  our  young  men 
who  are  being  called  into  the  army  are 
said  to  average  two  inches  taller  than 
those  who  served  in  the  first  World 
War;  besides,  they  wear  shoes  about 
two  sizes  larger.  This  indicates  that 
the  diet  and  habits  of  living  within  the 
last  generation  have  been  such  as  to 
produce  larger  frames.  The  “drink 
more  milk”  campaigns,  begun  during' 
the  first  World  War,  have  played  2 
( Continued  on  opposite  page) 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


A  Prescription 

By  M.  Lucille  Ford 

Take  a  dose  of  thankfulness 
Each  day  when  you  arise. 

Mix  it  in  your  morning  prayer; 

’Twill  brighten  dreary  skies. 

Take  a  dose  of  cheerfulness 
When  starting  at  your  work. 

’Twill  ease  your  aching  head  or  back 
And  help  you  not  to  shirk. 

Take  a  dose  of  charity 
Each  hour  of  the  day. 

’Twill  give  you  heart  to  help  and  cheer 
All  others  on  their  way. 

Another  dose  of  gratitude 
With  evening  prayer  repeat. 

’Twill  ease  the  burden  of  your  soul 
And  tend  to  slumber  sweet. 


( Continued  from  opposite  page ) 

very  important  part,  since  the  calcium 
ip  milk  does  much  to  build  bones. 

The  present  emphasis  on  protective 
foods,  dairy  products,  eggs,  greens, 
leafy  and  the  yellow  vegetables,  is  be¬ 
ing  pushed  hard  by  nutritionists  all 
over  the  country,  since  many  rejec¬ 
tions  in  the  draft  were  caused  by  phy¬ 
sical  defects  resulting  from  poor  nu¬ 
trition.  This  did  not  mean  that  these 
lads  had  lacked  food  to  eat — it  was 
not  properly  balanced,  or,  for  some 
reason,  their  bodies  had  not  utilized  it 
properly. 

Now  the  newer  findings  go  even 
deeper  than  that.  It  is  known  that  the 
vitamins  and  minerals  in  foods  depend 
upon  the  content  of  the  soil  in  which 
they  were  grown.  Farmers  are  finding 
out  that  soil  which  has  lost  its  virgin 
richness  must  have  minerals  put  back 
into  it,  along  with  compost  and  other 
fertilizers. 

Some  foods  which  were  important  in 
the  old  days  just  because  they  were 
good  and  plentiful  and  cheap,  have  a 
new  rating  today  for  still  other  rea¬ 
sons.  Take  those  old  standbys,  corn- 
meal  and  molasses.  They  were  two  in¬ 
gredients  of  the  majority  of  Early 
American  dishes,  and  today  we  are 
being  urged  to  use  them  more  than 
ever  because  they  are  cheap  sources  of 
valuable  “protective”  elements,  being 
rich  in  minerals  and  vitamins. 

The  entire  trend  with  modern  recipes 
is  to  make  them  accurate  as  to  quan¬ 
tities,  methods  of  mixing,  and  tempera¬ 
tures  at  which  they  are  cooked.  These 
modem  recipes,  coupled  with  improved 
stoves  which  have  heat-controlled 
ovens,  more  uniform  foodstuffs  and  ac¬ 
curate  measuring  utensils,  have  done 
much  to  take  the  guesswork  out  of 
cooking. 

For  the  past  fifteen  years,  American 
Agriculturist  has  printed  only  tested 
recipes,  tested  for  accuracy  of  meas¬ 
urement  and  method  of  cooking.  Con- 


“ You’d  better  have  your  lunch 

first.  I  can’t  work  on  an  empty 
stomach !” 


trast  these  two  recent  recipes  with  the 
old  ones  cited  on  the  opposite  page. 

Baked  Half  or  Whole  Ham 

( American  Agriculturist  Tested.  Recipe) 

A  half  or  whole-ham  !  cup  brown  sugar 

Whole  cloves 

Good  quality  hams  which  have  not 
been  oversalted  do  not  need  to  be  par¬ 
boiled.  If  strongly  salt,  soak  the  ham 
overnight  in  cold  water.  Drain  and 
boil  in  fresh  water  for  2  hours  before 
roasting.  A  bought  ham  usually  has 
on  the  label  the  packer’s  directions  for 
roasting.  If  cured  at  home  you  will 
know  whether  it  has  to  be  soaked. 

Place  ham  fat  side  up  on  a  rack  in 
an  uncovered  pan,  make  an  incision  and 
insert  a  meat  thermometer  so  that  the 
bulb  reaches  the  center  of  the  fleshiest 
part  but  does  not  rest  on  either  fat  or 
bone.  Place  in  a  slow  oven  (300°  F.) 
and  bake  without  adding  any  water 
and  without  cover.  When  thermometer 
reaches  160°  F.  ham  is  done.  Allow 
18  to  25  minutes  per  pound  for  a  10 
to  12  pound  ham,  16  to  20  minutes  per 
pound  for  a  larger  ham,  30  minutes  per 
pound  for  a  half  ham.  Forty-five  min¬ 
utes  before  ham  is  done  remove  from 
oven,  take  off  rind  all  except  a  collar 
around  shank  bone,  cut  diagonals 
across  fat  to  form  diamonds.  Moisten 
brown  sugar  with  some  of  the  fat  drip¬ 
pings  and  rub  on  ham.  Stick  whole 
cloves  in  center  of  diamonds  and  re¬ 
turn  to  oven  to  finish  baking.  During 
the  last  10  minutes  of  cooking  increase 
heat  to  brown  ham.  Allow  %  to  % 
pound  per  person. 

Salt  Cod 

( American  Agriculturist  Tested  Recipe) 

I  pound  salt  codfish  2  tablespoons  butter 

I  tablespoon  cornstarch  '/2  cup  rusk  crumbs 
I  pint  milk  Nutmeg 

Soak  fish  in  cold  water  overnight. 
Drain,  cover  with  cold  water  and  heat 
slowly  to  boiling.  Drain  again  and 
cover  with  cold  water.  Heat  to  boiling 
point  and  simmer  until  tender.  Separ¬ 
ate  into  flakes.  Mix  cornstarch  with  % 
cup  cold  milk.  Heat  remaining  milk 
and  add  remaining  ingredients,  includ¬ 
ing  fish;  cook  until  thickened.  Place  in 
a  buttered  casserole  and  brown  in  a 
moderate  oven  (350°  F.).  Serves  6. 

—  A.  A. — 

The  Grange 

(Continued  from  Page  22) 
have  wrecked  many  an  otherwise  pros¬ 
perous  organization.  In  consequence 
its  annual  conventions,  state  and  na¬ 
tional,  attract  attention  because  of  the 
friendly  and  fraternal  spirit  almost  al¬ 
ways  present,  although  a  wide  range  of 
discussion  is  invariably  the  rule  of  such 
sessions.  In  fact  the  utmost  freedom 
of  expression  is^  urged  in  the  Grange, 
whose  Founders  wrote  75  years  ago, 
“Difference  of  opinion  is  no  crime,  but 
the  fault  lies 'in  the  bitterness  of  con¬ 
troversy.” 

The  recent  Worcester  Diamond 
Jubilee  convention  was  a  striking  ex¬ 
ample  of  harmonious  conduct,  not  al¬ 
ways  the  mark  of  the  great  congrega¬ 
tion  of  people  brought  together  from 
a  national  area.  More  than  100  widely 
differing  resolutions  were  introduced 
at  Worcester,  referred  to  committees, 
subjected  to  hearing  and  then  disposed 
of  —  without  a  single  roll  call  vote 
during  the  entire  ten  days  of  earnest 
discussion.  Thus  was  the  Grange  pro¬ 
gram  for  the  year  ahead  definitely 
established  and  its  clear-cut  character 
has  already  been  hailed  by  thoughtful 
students  of  agricultural  needs  as  sound, 
practical  and  altogether  workable. 

Assurance  that  agriculture  shall  re¬ 
ceive  an  equitable  share  of  the  national 
income  is  a  fundamental  Grange  de¬ 
mand,  based  on  a  policy  of  abundance, 
never  of  scarcity;  while  in  the  present 
national  defense  plans  agriculture  must 
be  recognized  as  an  essential  defense 
industry  and  entitled  to  its  share  in 
priorities.  With  all  its  energies  the 
Grange  opposes  over-centralization  of 
power  and  the  spread  of  bureaucracy; 


insists  that  the  farmer’s  interests  shall 
be  safeguarded  in  all  transportation 
plans;  while  its  defense  of  the  family¬ 
sized  farm  against  the  encroachment 
of  corporation  and  chain  farming  has 
long  been  clearly  understood.  The 
widest  possible  research  undertakings 
to  reduce  the  occurrence  of  disastrous 
agricultural  surpluses  is  likewise  an 
essential  feature  of  Grange  policy.  The 
organization  adheres  firmly  to  its  tax 
program  of  the  years — based  on  “abil¬ 
ity  to  pay  and  benefits  received” — and 
demands  that  in  all  national  projects 
and  expenditures  the  interests  of  more 
than  30,000,000  rural  people  shall  be 


considered  and  protected,  since  the  fu¬ 
ture  of  the  nation  rests  so  largely  up¬ 
on  the  contentment  of  its  farm  people. 

Three-quarters  of  a  century  ago  the 
Grange  Founders  had  a  vision  of  in¬ 
creasing  agricultural  prosperity  and  of 
bringing  a  greater  measure  of  happi¬ 
ness  to  country  life.  True  to  that 
vision,  the  Grange  of  today  continues 
to  strive  toward  that  worthy  end :  And 
the  knowledge  that  the  organization  is 
now  stronger  in  numbers,  finances  and 
influence  than  at  any  previous  time  is 
cause  for  gratification  by  all  who  are 
eager  to  preserve  the  American  way 
of  life. 


IMP* 


IN  CASH 
PRIZES! 


TO  HELP  WOMEN  DISCOVER  THE  EXTRA 

ADVANTAGES  OF  USING  MAC  A  YEAST 


S\ 


P  vi 


f 


\SH 


[H'S 


I  Use 


tA*ca 


Yea 


st 


WIN1** 


Bee 


aus 


*  £>  I 


I  w°r' 


_ _ _  odditi°"a 

. j«,« 

HERE’S  A  WAY  TO  GET  SOME 
“BIG  MONEY”  IN  A  HURRY. 
AND  ANY  WOMAN  WHO 
BAKES  AT  HOME  CAN  WIN! 


ds  °r 


less) 


JUST  THINK  OF 
STARTING  THE 
YEAR  WITH  A 
$1,000  “NEST  EGG’ 


ENTER  NOW!  THIS  “QUICK  MONEY”  CONTEST 
CLOSES  FEBRUARY  1st 

Purpose  of  Contest:  To  induce  more  women  to  try  Maca 
Yeast  and  to  prove  that  this  yeast  that  cicts  fast  and  keeps 
without  refrigeration  has  extra  advantages  that  make  it 
ideal  for  use  in  winter. 

Imagine  yourself  with  $1,000  in  cash  to  spend  as  you  wish 
and  discovering  a  new  kind  of  yeast  at  the  same  time— a  4 
kind  of  yeast  you’ll  want  to  use  every  time  you  bake  bread 
or  rolls!  Well,  that’s  just  the  opportunity  that’s  yours  right 
now!  Simply  figure  out  some  of  the  advantages  of  using 
Maca  Yeast  in  winter  and  enter  this  easy  contest! 

There  are  plenty  of  ideas.  The  fact  that  you  can  set  in  a 
supply  of  Maca,  avoiding  frequent  trips  to  the  store  in  bad 
weather,  can  easily  inspire  a  winning  statement! 

Get  Maca  Yeast— Enter  Contest  Now.  You’ll  also  find 
inspiration  in  the  grand  old-fashioned  flavor  Maca  gives  to 
bakings.  Or  in  its  speedy  action!  Or  in  the  fact  that  Maca, 
because  you  keep  it  on  the  pantry  shelf,  is  safe  from  the 
harm  that  freezing  can  cause!  You’ll  probably  think  of 
many  more  advantages.  But  the  important  thing  is  to  write 
your  statement  and  send  it  in  now!  You  may  be  the  very 
one  to  win  the  $1,000.  Get  Maca  Yeast  at  your  grocer’s. 


n00& 


! 


5  PRIZES  OF  $10  EACH 
AND 

150  PRIZES  OF$l  EACH 


HINTS  TO  HELP  YOU  WIN-To  write  a  win¬ 
ning  entry,  decide  what  advantages  about 
using  Maca  Yeast  in  winter  appeal  to  you 
most.  Then  complete  the  thought:  “I  use 
Maca  Yeast  in  winter  because  .  .  .”  using  50 
additional  words  or  less.  For  example,  since 
Maca  Yeast  keeps  on  your  pantry  shelf, 
freezing  risks  are  eliminated  so  you  might 
write  something  like  this:  “I  use  Maca  Yeast 
in  winter  because  it  lets  me  forget  the  fears 
and  worries  about  unwittingly  using  a  yeast 
that  may  have  been  frozen  and  thawed  out 
and  spoiled.” 

Or  you  might  write:  “I  use  Maca  Yeast  m 


winter  because  I  can  keep  a  supply  on  hand, 
ready  to  use  even  on  days  when  it  s  impos¬ 
sible  to  get  out  to  the  store.”  .  . 

Or  you  might  write:  The  speedy  risrng 
action  of  Maca  Yeast  gets  me  off  to  a  quick 
start  with  my  baking-saves  important  time ! 

Or  you  can  write  a  statement  about  the 
combination  of  these  advantages  that  are 
found  in  Maca  Yeast.  Remember,  a  simple 
original  statement  about  Maca  may  win  the 
$1,000  first  prize!  . 

And  don’t  neglect  sending  in  an  entry 
because  you  think  it  isn’t  good  enough.  Let 
the  judges  decide!  Send  your  entry  now. 


■FOLLOW  THESE  EASY  RULES" 


1.  Simply  complete  the  thought : 
“I  use  Maca  Yeast  in  winter 
because  ...”  in  50  additional 
words  or  less. 

2.  Mail  entries  to  Maca  Yeast, 
215  N.  Michigan  Ave.,  Dept.  I, 
Chicago,  Ill.  You  may  enter  as 


many  times  as  you  choose.  Each 
entry  must  be  accompanied  by 
three  silver  foil  wrappers  (or 
facsimiles)  from  packages  of 
Maca  Yeast. 

3.  This  contest  closes  at  mid¬ 
night,  Sunday,  February  1. 1942. 
Entries  postmarked  after  this 
date  will  not  be  accepted  for 
judging.  $1,000  in  cash  will  be 
awarded  to  the  sender  of  the 
best  letter;  $200  in  cash  to  the 
sender  of  the  second  best;  $100 
to  the  third  best;  $10  in  cash 
for  the  next  5  best  and  $1  each 
to  the  senders  of  the  next  150 
best  entries. 

4.  Entries  will  be  judged  for 
originality,  sincerity  and  apt¬ 


ness  of  thought.  Decision  of  the 
judges  will  be  final.  Fancy  en¬ 
tries  will  not  count  extra.  -Du¬ 
plicate  prizes  will  be  awaraea 
in  case  of  ties.  No  entries  will 
be  returned.  Entries,  contents 
and  ideas  therein  become  the 
property  of  the  Northwestern 
Yeast  Company. 

5.  Residents  of  Continental 
United  States  may  compete, 
except  employees  of  the  North¬ 
western  Yeast  Company,  their 
advertising  agency,  and  their 
families.  This  contest  subject 
to  all  United  States  and  local 
regulations. 

6.  Winners  will  be  notified  by 
mail. 


(52)  52 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


Don  Rodrigo 


THE  LATE  Hon.  James  G.  Blaine 
was  personally  so  attractive  or 
“magnetic”  that  Democrats  as  well  as 
Republicans  always  turned  out  to  hear 
him,  though  other  politicians,  as  a  rule, 
could  “draw”  only  the  voters  of  their 
own  party.  In  Maine,  at  least,  this  was 
true.  Hence,  on  the  occasion  of  a  cer¬ 
tain  mass  meeting,  my  cousin  Halstead 
drove  seven  miles  to  hear  a  Republi¬ 
can  speech,  although  he  was  a  pro¬ 
nounced  Democrat — and  that  at  but 
eighteen  years  of  age! 

The  mass  meeting  was  held  during 
the  first  week  of  August,  an  exceeding¬ 
ly  busy  time  with  us  at  the  farm;  for 
we  were  late  with  our  haying  that  year 
and  grain  harvest  was  at  hand. 

Halstead,  and  another  cousin  named 
Addison,  and  myself  then  lived  at  my 
grandfather’s  place  in  Oxford  County. 
We  had  taken  the  home  farm  of  the 
old  gentleman  on  shares,  and  were  car¬ 
rying  it  on  largely  at  our  own  risk. 
Grandfather  advised  us  somewhat,  but 
stood  aloof  from  most  of  our  opera¬ 
tions.  We  had  cattle  and  horses  in  our 
care,  and  assumed  to  do  with  them 
about  as  we  pleased,  although  we  did 
not  own  them  or  the  farm. 

Addison  and  I  were  then  Republi¬ 
cans,  or  thought  we  were.  Work  was 
so  pressing  that  we  did  not  feel  that 
we  could  go  to  the  mass  meeting. ' 
Somewhat  late  in  the  day,  however, 
Halstead  hitched  up  “Old  Sol,”  a  horse 
which  we  most  frequently  drove  single, 
in  the  road  wagon  and  set  off  to  hear 
Mr.  Blaine.  He  did  not  get  back  ’till 
we  were  at  supper,  about  seven  o’clock, 
when,  glancing  out  of  the  windows  as 
he  drove  toward  the  stable,  we  saw 
that  he  had  in  the  shafts  one  of  the 
handsomest  horses  I  ever  saw. 

“Why,  I  do  believe  he’s  been  swap¬ 
ping  horses!”  Grandmother  exclaimed, 
getting  up  from  the  table  in  sudden 
solicitude  for  Old  Sol. 

“I  believe  so,  too!”  exclaimed  Addi¬ 
son. 

We  all  started  up,  and  Halstead,  who 
heard  our  exclamations  through  the 
open  windows,  pulled  up  in  front  of 
the  ell  door,  with  a  covert  smile  on 
his  face. 

“Where  did  you  get  that  horse?” 
Addison  demanded. 

“Yes,  where’s  Old  Sol,  and  where 
did  that  horse  come  from?”  Grand¬ 
mother  exclaimed,  reproachfully. 

“But  isn’t  he  a  beauty?”  said  Hal¬ 
stead,  evading  the  main  question. 

The  girls,  our  cousins,  had  also  come 
out. 

“Halstead,  he  is  a  beauty!”  cried 
Theodora.  “Did  you  ever  see  such  a 
pretty  horse?” 

Halstead  smiled  triumphantly  and 
sat  in  the  wagon,  while  we  walked 
around  the  horse  or  stood  at  various 
distances,  looking  at  him.  It  was  a 
finely-proportioned  animal,  of  a  very 
dark,  almost  black,  chestnut  color, 
sleek  and  glossy  as  an  otter,  of  a  noble 
bearing,  with  a  good  forehead  and  a 
full,  intelligent  eye.  He  was  no  more 
than  six  years  of  age.  One  nostril  was 
pink.  He  stood  over  fifteen  hands  high, 
and  was  a  superb  creature.  We  were 
filled  with  wonder,  indeed,  as  we  look¬ 
ed  him  over. 

“Who  did  you  trade  with?”  cried  Ad¬ 
dison. 

“A  man  I  ran  across  at  the  mass 
meeting,”  replied  Halstead  demurely. 

“Don’t  you  know  who  it  was?”  I 
asked. 

“No;  I  never  saw  him  before,”  said 
Halstead,  laughing  slightly. 

“But  how  much  boot  did  you  give? 
That’s  the  question,”  said  Grandmoth¬ 
er,  not  very  well  pleased. 

“No  boot,”  said  Halstead.  “Swapped 
even.” 

“What!”  exclaimed  the  old  gentle¬ 
man,  incredulously.  “The  man  wasn’t 
drunk  or  wrong  in  any  way,  was  he?” 


“He  seemed  all  right,  sir,”  replied 
Halstead,  still  laughing. 

Grandfather  looked  the  horse  over 
again,  and  scrutinized  his  legs  for 
spavins  and  ringbones.  There  wasn’t  a 
blemish  on  him. 

“Isn’t  he  a  fine  one,  sir?”  Halstead 
demanded. 

“He  is  much  too  fine,”  answered 
Grandfather,  and  went  into  the  house; 
but  in  the  doorway  he  turned  and  said: 
“You  had  better  look  out  for  that 
horse,  boys;  there  is  something  wrong 
about  him,  you  may  depend  on  it. 
Either  it’s  a  stolen  horse,  or  he  has 
some  vice  that  will  make  you  trouble.” 

At  the  stable  Halstead  told  us  some¬ 
thing  more  of  the  exchange  he  had 
made.  He  had  met  a  man  driving  the 
horse  on  the  outskirts  of  the  crowd  as 
the'  meeting  was  dispersing,  after  Mr. 


By  C.  A.  STEPHENS 


Blaine’s  speech.  The  man  was  a  strang¬ 
er;  but  he  looked  Old  Sol  over,  and  ac¬ 
costing  Halstead  asked  him  how  he 
would  trade  horses. 

The  stranger  was  middle-aged,  well 
dressed,  and  a  fluent  talker;  probably  a 
jockey,  or  a  crook,  as  Halstead  sus¬ 
pected;  but  the  horse  was  such  a  beau¬ 
ty  that  when  the  man  finally  offered  to 
swap  even,  Halstead  determined  to 
chance  it  and  exchanged  with  him. 

“And  he  said  his  name  was  ‘Don 
Rodrigo,’  ”  Halstead  added. 

After  work  the  next  day,  we  har¬ 
nessed  “Don  Rodrigo”  to  the  farm 
wagon,  and  all  three  got  in  to  try  his 
paces.  Grandfather  was  much  disquiet¬ 
ed.  “Now  mind  what  you  are  about, 
boys!”  he  called  after  us. 

We  drove  to  the  Corners  and  back, 
a  distance  of  a  mile,  but  did  not  find 
anything  amiss  in  the  horse.  He  moved 
his  ears  somewhat  quickly,  and  ner¬ 
vously  at  sight  of  unusual  objects  be¬ 
side  the  road,  but  did  not  shy. 

“He  is  a  nervous  fellow,”  Addison 
remarked. 

“Well,  that  may  be  chiefly  because 
of  his  high  breeding,”  Halstead  said. 
“He  seems  tractable,  and  he  has  an 
easy  mouth.” 

The  girls  begged  to  have  a  ride  be¬ 
hind  him  when  we  came  back,  but 
Grandfather  said  no,  peremptorily;  nor 
would  he  consent  to  their  riding  behind 
the  new  horse  with  us  to  church  the 
next  day,  a  distance  of  four  miles.  The 
girls  did  not  like  the  prohibition,  for 
they  were  quite  infatuated  with  Don 
Rodrigo.  Nell  wished  to.  rechristen  him 
“Selim,”  the  name  of  a  horse  of  which 


she  had  recently  read  in  a  story  paper. 

Halstead  and  I  drove  to  church,  and 
after  services,  started  to  drive  back. 
All  went  well  until  we  came  where  a 
speckled  calf  was  grubbing  amidst 
high,  green  briers  beside  the  road.  The 
calf  stirred  as  we  came  along,  when, 
like  a  flash  of  lightning,  our  horse  gave 
a  leap  and  ran.  He  did  not  kick  nor 
rear,  but  simply  ran  away. 

Halstead  set  his  feet  and  did  his  best 
to  stop  him.  I  also  seized  hold  of  the 
reins.  We  both  put  forth  all  our 
strength — without  curbing  him  in  the 
least.  He  ran  like  the  wind,  and  was 
equally  uncontrollable.  Two  men’s 
strength  seemed  to  have  no  effect  on 
his  mouth!  He  rushed  on  for  half  a 
mile  or  more,  when  we  neared  a  turn. 
There  was  a  rocky  bank  on  the  lower 
side  of  the  road  where  the  wagon,  we 
felt  sure,  would  be  whirled  over. 

Dropping  the  reins'  we  crept  over  the 
wagon  seat,  and  dropped  out  behind. 
It  is  needless  to  say  that  we  had  dusty 
coats;  but  having  young  bones,  we  es¬ 
caped  without  much  injury.  The  wag¬ 
on  was  upset  at  the  turn,  and  the  horse 
thrown  by  it.  He  cleared  himself  frqm 
it,  however,  and  ran  on  before  we  could 
reach  him. 

We  did  not  recover  the  runaway  un¬ 
til  the  following  Tuesday.  He  had  run 
to  a  village  seven  miles  distant,  and 
taken  refuge  in  a  stable,  the  door  of 
which  chanced  to  be  open. 

“Well,  boys,  that  'tells  the  whole 
story!”  Grandfather  said,  when  we 
reached  home  with  our  broken  wagon 
and  the  scraps  of  our  harness  that 
Sunday  afternoon.  “He  is  a  runaway.  I 
expected  as  much.  A  man  who  will  sell 
or  swap  off  such  a  horse  as  that,  with¬ 
out  giving  a  word  of  warning,  is  an 
Ishmaelite  of  the  darkest  complexion. 

“Now  what  you  had  better  do,”  he 
continued,  “is  to  find  your  horse,  if  you 
can,  and  then  sell  him  or  trade  him  to 
some  teamstfer  to  go  into  a  four-  of 
six-horse  team,  where  he  cannot  get 
away.  He  will  probably  do  good  service 
in  a  team  and  will  not  endanger  life.” 

We  intended  to  follow  this  advice; 
but  when  we  recovered  Don  Rodrigo  on 
Tuesday,  he  looked  so  handsome  and 
seemed  so  kind  that  the  desire  to  keep 
him  revived.  Theodora  exclaimed  that 
it  would  be  a  shame  to  sell  so  beau¬ 
tiful  a  horse  to  be  used  in  a  truck 
team!  At  the  village,  too,  where  Hal¬ 
stead  and  Addison  had  gone  to  get  the 
horse,  they  had  been  told  of  a  new  in¬ 
vention  in  the  way  of  a  bridle  for  stop¬ 
ping  runaway  horses.  The  village  har¬ 
ness-maker  had  a  number  of  these  on 
sale,  and  Halstead  had  been  persuad¬ 
ed  to  buy  one. 

It  was  a  bridle  with  a  wide  nose- 
strap  beneath  which  were  two  pads, 
so  placed  that  when  a  driver  pulled 
hard  on  the  reins,  the  pads  would  press 
on  the  horse’s  nostrils  and  shut  off- his 
breath. 


The  Amateur  Poet's 
Corner 


Because  of  the  number  of  contributions, 
we  do  not  return  poems  not  published. 
Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

The  limit  in  length  is  sixteen  (16)  lines, 
and  each  poem  submitted  for  this  corner 
must  be  original  and  the  work  of  an 
amateur  poet.  Therefore,  when  sending 
in  a  poem,  be  sure  to  state  whether  you 
are  the  author  of  it.  $2.00  will  be  paid 
for  each  one  printed.  Check  will  be  mail¬ 
ed  on  or  about  the  first  day  of  month 
following  publication. 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist .  P  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y 

INWARD  PEACE 

You  know  that  slab  above  the  old  mill 
dam, 

Made  of  cement,  along  the  southern 
side? 

Muscovy  ducks  have  found  it  meant 
for  them, 

For  there  they  can  be  sunned  and  nap¬ 
ped  and  dried. 

Below  the  dam  is  many  a  jagged  rock, 
With  water  falling  down  some  fifty 
feet.  ... 

But  tell  it  not  to  a  muscovy  duck; 

He  mocks  the  danger  with  his  brave 
wing-beat. 

There  is  a  beauty  in  this  waterfall 
With  sleeping  ducks  found  at  its  very 
edge; 

It  is  a  circumstance  we  can  recall 
Now  torrent  forces  jolt  our  pilgrimage. 

“Be  stayed  in  inward  peace  though 
dangers  toss 

About  your  feet,”  these  resters  ever 
say; 

These  black  and  white  muscovies  rest¬ 
ing  close 

Beside  the  mossy  fragrance  of  the 
spray. 

— Phillip  A.  Engel, 

West  Ghent,  N.  Y. 


A  horse,  as  most  persons  know, 
breathes  only  through  its  nostrils,  and 
never  through  its  mouth.  When  driving 
with  a  loose  rein,  or  with  the  lines  but 
gently  drawn,  the  two  pads  were  held 
off  from  the  horse’s  nose  by  two  small 
spiral  springs;  but  when  the  reins  were 
pulled,  the  springs  yielded,  and  the 
pads  closed  the  horse’s  nostrils. 

The  dealer  assured  Halstead  and  Ad¬ 
dison  that  the  horse  would  stop  at 
once,  as  soon  as  his  “wind”  was  shut 
off.  This  “safety  appliance”  cost  four 
dollars,  and  the  price  seemed  reason¬ 
able  if  it  would  do  what  was  claimed 
for  it. 

Grandfather  looked  it  over  carefully 
for  some  time  after  Halstead  showed 
it  to  him.  “It  may  work,”  said  he,  “but 
I  wouldn’t  like  to  be  the  one  to  test  it. 
A  bolting  horse  is  never  to  be  trusted 
- — never.” 

But  we  younger  heads  were  very 
curious  to  try  the  patent  bridle.  It  was 
adjusted  to  the  other  parts  of  a  har¬ 
ness,  and  was  put  on  the  horse  several 
times,  experimentally,  in  the  stableyard 
to  see  that  the  two  pads  were  made  to 
bear  properly  on  his  nostrils. 

After  supper  that  night  we  hitched 
the  horse  in  an  old  farm  wagon  and 
drove  out  on  the  highway. 

Halstead  had  his  feet  well  set,  in  an¬ 
ticipation  of  trouble.  But  Don  Rodrigo 
was  on  his  good  behavior  and  did  not 
attempt  to  run  away.  We  took  him  out 
daily  for  a  fortnight,  or  longer.  A  bet¬ 
ter,  kinder  horse  one  would  never  wish 
to  handle. 

“He  will  make  trouble  for  you  yet,” 
Grandfather  said,  in  a  tone  of  warning. 

So  little  a  thing  as  a  robin,  flying  out 
of  a  bush  beside  the  road  unexpectedly, 
set  him  off  one  afternoon  while  Hal¬ 
stead  and  Addison  were  driving  him. 
Addison  was  nearly  thrown  out  at  the 
first  jump  the  horse  gave;  but  Hal¬ 
stead  succeeded  in  bringing  his  bridle- 
pads  to  bear  and  pulled  with  all  his 
strength.  The  horse  ran  desperately  for 
over  a  hundred  yards,  then  seemed  sud¬ 
denly  to  collapse,  and  plunged  head- 
( Continued  on  opposite  page) 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


53  ( 53> 


long  into  the  ditch  beside  the  highway 
so  suddenly  that  Addison  was  thrown 
out,  and  Halstead  landed  squarely  on 
top  of  the  horse! 

They  scrambled  to  their  feet  in  time 
to  prevent  the  horse  from  rising,  and 
released  him  from  the  wagon.  He  was 
then  led  home. 

We  now  noticed  that  for  at  least  two 
hours  after  the  horse  was  put  into  his 
stall,  he  sweated  so  profusely  that 
perspiration  dropped  copiously  to  the 
floor!  This  could  not  have  been  caused 
by  the  physical  exertion,  for  the  ani¬ 
mal  had  run  but  a  few  rods,  and  pre¬ 
viously  the  boys  had  driven  but  slowly. 


My  Day 

By  David  Stone  Kelsey 


Well,  if  tomorrow  shall  be  sad 
Or  never  come  for  me,  I’ve  had 
At  least  this  day. 

This  strip  of  time  twixt  night  and  night 
Is  glistening  now  with  wondrous  light 
For  me  today. 

Let  me  not  miss  its  Bethlehem  gleam: 
Thus  only  I  make  true  life’s  dream, 
And  have  my  day. 

Then  if  tomorrow  stormy  be, 

Or  some  dead  yester  shadow  me, 

I’ve  had  one  day. 


The  habit  gained,  it  well  might  come 
That  I  shall  find  my  final  home 
Eternal  Day. 


We  concluded  that  a  species  of  a 
nervous  cyclone  was  prevailing  in  the 
animal,  and  that  running  away,  his  one 
vice,  was  the  symptom  of  a  kind  of 
mental  disease  in  him.  It  recurred  ir¬ 
regularly.  After  he  had  bolted  once,  he 
was  tolerably  safe  not  to  run  away 
again  for  at  least  a  week;  then  any 
trifling  alarm,  even  the  flutter  of  a 
bird  or  the  jump  of  a  squirrel  on  the 
fence,  was  liable  to  set  him  off. 

I  believe  his  trouble  was  a  kind  of 
equine  insanity,  and  do  not  think  the 
horse  was  actually  vicious.  Perhaps 
he  had  suffered  from  faulty  handling 
when  he  was  a  colt. 

Our  experience  proved  that  the  pa¬ 
tent  bridle,  when  the  pads  were  drawn 
properly  against  the  nostrils,  would 
stop  a  runaway  horse,  but  in  view  of 
the  lofty  tumbling  which  Halstead  and 
Addison  had  done,  there  were  doubts 
whether  it  could  fairly  be  classed  as 
a  “safety  appliance!”  Addison,  in  fact, 
was  somewhat  bruised,  and  declared 
that  a  person  using  such  a  bridle  had 
better  insure  his  life  forthwith. 

Perhaps  it  was  the  tumble  which 
stimulated  Addison’s  inventive  faculty, 
for  he  set  his  wits  to  work  to  devise 
some  better  method  of  stopping  run¬ 
away  horses,  and  came  out  with  a  new 
invention  which  we  did  try — once. 

It  was  quite  simple  and  consisted 
merely  of  an  extra  rein,  or  line,  run¬ 
ning  through  the  left  “D”  of  the  sad¬ 
dle  and  through  another  little  “D”  or 
ring  in  the  side  of  the  hames,  and 
thence  down  to  the  horse’s  left  ankle, 
around  which  it  was  buckled  as  tightly 
as  was  considered  consistent  with  the 
animal’s  comfort. 

The  idea  was  to  pull  on  the  line  if 
a  horse  ran  away,  and  so  haul  his  foot 
up  and  hold  it  there. 

“A  horse  cannot  run  on  three  legs,” 
Addison  argued.  “All  you  will  have  to 
do  is  to  hold  on  until  he  stops.” 

Halstead  still  favored  the  padded 
bridle;  but  he  and  Addison  compromis¬ 
ed  the  matter  by  putting  on  both  in¬ 
ventions,  agreeing  to  try  the  hobble 
strap  first. 

Don  Rodrigo,  however,  did  not  at¬ 
tempt  to  run  away  again  for  a  long 
time,  and  we  began  to  hope  that  the 
contact  with  so  many  “safety  appli¬ 
ances”  had  reformed  him. 

Vain  hope!  Toward  the  latter  part 


of  October,  Halstead  and  I  were  re¬ 
turning  home  to  the  farm  from  the 
village  with  Don.  I  have  forgotten  what 
frightened  him,  nor  does  it  matter 
much.  He  suddenly  bolted — in  a  single 
second  he  was  off  and  going  like  an 
express  train! 

“Yank  that  strap,”  Halstead  shout¬ 
ed— and  I  “yanked”  it. 

The  next  instant  the  horse  fell 
amidst  a  cloud  of  his  own  dust.  This 
time  Halstead  went  completely  over 
him,  and  I  found  myself  rolling  over  in 
the  ditch!  The  horse  got  up  before  we 
had  recovered  our  feet,  and  wheeled 
partly  around;  but  was  so  tangled  up 
in  the  harness  and  broken  shafts  that 
he  threw  himself  again. 

We  contrived  to  secure  him,  but  had 
both  been  badly  shaken.  Don  Rodrigo 


was  also  grazed  badly  on  his  nose, 
knees  and  one  shoulder.  We  reached 
home  in  rather  bad  shape. 

Addison  defended  his  invention,  and 
argued  that  I  had  shown  bad  judg¬ 
ment  in  pulling  so  vigorously  on  the 
strap  at  first.  He  said  that  I  should 
have  pulled  gradually. 

Halstead  and  I  were  so  much  dis¬ 
gusted  with  “safety  appliances”  that 
we  decided  to  follow  Grandfather’s  ad¬ 
vice.  So  a  day  or  two  after,  a  trade  was 
made  with  a  teamster  by  which,  in  ex¬ 
change,  we  secured  a  far  less  hand¬ 
some  but  more  trustworthy  animal. 

As  in  honor  bound  to  do,  we  told  the 
man  the  plain  truth  about  our  horse, 
and  the  trade  was  conditional  upon 
Don  Rodrigo’s  good  behavior  in  the 
team. 


THEN  and  NOW 


( Continued  from  Page  49) 


themselves.  The  Empress  Eugenie 
was  the  only  exception.  She  refused 
to  copy  that  style  but  instead  created 
one  of  her  own  which  to  this  day  is 
known  by  her  name. 

Other  fashions  which  were  estab¬ 
lished  by  mere  accident  are  the  snood, 
the  bang  or  fringe,  close  fitting  jer¬ 
seys,  and  the  style  of  looping  up  flounces 
on  a  full  skirt  and  securing  them  with 
flowers.  There  is  a  story  behind  each 
of  these  styles,  all  of  which  have  been 
the  mode  at  one  time  or  other  within 
the  last  100  years. 

Each  decade  within  that  period 
might  be  distinguished  by  certain  out¬ 
standing  styles.  Ladies  knew  their 
rules  of  etiquette  and  dressed  according 
to  the  occasion.  In  the  American  Agri¬ 
culturist,  May,  1859,  Anna  Hope  tells 
the  gentle  reader  what  she  considers 
to  be  a  suitable  traveling  dress: 

“An  appropriate  dress  for  the  road  .... 
should  be  of  some  plain  color,  drab  or 
brown,  or  any  other  that  will  not  attract 
attention.  Bright  colors  are  entirely  out 
of  place.  .  .  .  Suitable  materials  are  India 
silks,  merinos,  delaines  or  even  a  dark 
gingham. 

“A  traveling  dress  should  be  simply 
made  — -  the  waist  buttoned  up  to  the 
throat,  and  the  skirt  without  flounces.  A 
gray  flannel  cloak  is  never  unsuitable. 
The  bonnet  should  be  as  simple  as  the 
dress.  .  .  .  Dress  bonnets  should  not  be 
worn  except  on  dress  occasions.  .  .  . 

“I  have  just  taken  a  journey  of  several 
hundred  miles  ....  not  all  the  dresses  I 
saw  were  in  the  best  of  taste.  One  dis¬ 
played  prodigious  hoops,  wore  no  collar, 
but  did  wear  an  immense  bloomer  hat 
streaming  with  blue  ribbons.  The  wear¬ 
er  was  exceedingly  deficient  in  beauty 
and  should  not  have  attracted  attention 
by  a  peculiar  dress.” 

She  recommends  that  ladies  when 
traveling  provide  themselves  with  a 
lunch;  also  with  a  small  tumbler,  “as 
it  is  not  particularly  agreeable  to  drink 
after  others,  especially  after  victims 
of  tobacco.” 

During  the  Civil  War  period,  the 
bertha  and  the  bustle  adorned  the  fe¬ 
male  figure,  while  the  kerchief  effect 
on  the  waist  was  often  double  edged 
with  piping  and  accordion  pleating. 


“I’ll  tell  that  little  bully’s  father 
a  thing  or  two.  What’s  his  ’phone 
number?” 


During  the  1870’s,  the  hourglass  figure 
dominated  fashions.  This  required 
very  tight  lacing,  and  therefore  corsets 
were  almost  like  suits  of  armor.  From 
an  old  advertisement  we  find  the  fol¬ 
lowing  description  of  “the  perfect  cord¬ 
ed  corset  for  ladies  and  misses” : 

“The  illustration  shows  a  facsimile  en¬ 
graving  from  a  photograph  of  the  gar¬ 
ment,  and  gives  a  correct  idea  of  its  gen¬ 
eral  contour.  In  modelling  the  different 
parts,  particular  attention  has  been  de¬ 
voted  ,to  blend  together  the  curves  of  the 
bust,  waist,  and  hip,  in  such  a  manner, 
as  to  give  to  the  whole  an  easy,  graceful, 
and  stylish  shape,  which  fits  to  the  form 
closely,  and  yet  does  not  bind  or  draw 
in  any  part.” 

Also,  witness  this  manufactured 
skirt  of  that  heavy  and  cumbersome 
period: 

“Our  extra  full  skirt  is  made  with  a 
yoke-band,  to  fit  any  lady  of  18  inches  to 
55  inches  waist.  By  drawing  the  strings 
to  size  required,  the  surplus  will  frill  on 
the  back,  and  thus  secure  a  perfect  fit¬ 
ting  garment  in  front.  Beware  of  imi¬ 
tations.” 

By  1889  the  very  elaborate  styles  of 
decorated  overdress,  heavy  trains  over 
bustles,  and  voluminous  sleeves  were 
gradually  being  eased  into  the  princess 
silhouette.  But  the  princess  silhouette 
did  not  suit  all  figures  and  the  habit 
of  gilding  the  lily  was  hard  to  over¬ 
come. 

The  atmosphere  of  the  Gay  ’90’s  was 
reflected  in  extravagantly  feminine 
clothes,  much  beruffled,  beribboned  and 
lace  trimmed.  The  cartwheel  hat 
decorated  with  flowers  of  huge  dimen¬ 
sions  had  to  be  supported  by  “rats” 
and  much  false  hair  through  which  hat¬ 
pins  were  thrust. 

In  the  early  1900’s  when  the  first 
automobiles  began  to  bump  along  on 
rutted  roads  at  the  amazing  rate  of 
10  or  15  miles  per  hour,  one  recogniz¬ 
ed  a  dame  as  fashionable  if  her  cos¬ 
tume  consisted  of  a  long  gored  skirt 
trimmed  with  buttons,  a  tight  fitting 
hiplength  jacket  and  a  large  hat  trim¬ 
med  with  ostrich  plumes.  Needless  to 
say,  such  large  hats  had  to  be  anchor¬ 
ed  in  some  way;  this  was  done  by 
means  of  large  scarfs  or  veils. 

It  was  an  easy  change  from  this 
style  into  that  of  the  Gibson  girl. 
Shirtwaists  and  shorter  skirts;  and  for 
the  new  sport  of  bicycling,  very  full 
and  cumbersome  bloomers  were  the 
rage. 

The  revolution  in  dress  continued. 
High  top  shoes  disappeared  in  favor  of 
oxfords,  long  underwear  vanished,  and 
in  the  1920’s  even  corsets  went  out, 
being  replaced  by  very  spineless  cor- 
selettes  or  girdles.  At  this  time,  skirt 
hems  had  ascended  to  the  knees — con¬ 
trast  that  with  the  bulk  and  weight 
of  the  outfits  worn  in  1842! 

Nowadays  our  fashions  come  liter¬ 
ally  from  all  over  the  world,  from 
South  America,  Mexico,  Bali,  American 
Indians,  China,  middle  Europe,  and 
what  have  you! 


This  Home-Mixed 
Cough  Relief  Is 
Truly  Surprising 

So  Easy.  No  Cooking.  Big  Saving. 

You  may  not  know  it,.,  but,  in  your 
own  kitchen,  and  in  just  a  moment,  you 
can  easily  prepare  a  really  surprising 
relief  for  coughs  due  to  colds.  It’s  old- 
fashioned — your  mother  probably  used  , 
it — but  for  real  results,  it  can’t  be  beaten. 

First,  make  a  syrup  by  stirring  2  cups 
granulated  sugar  and  one  cup  of  water 
a  few  moments,  until  dissolved.  No 
cooking  needed.  It’s  no  trouble  at  all. 

Then  get  2%  ounces  of  Pinex  from 
any  druggist.  This  is  a  special  com¬ 
pound  of  proven  ingredients,  in  concen¬ 
trated  form,  well  known  for  prompt  ac¬ 
tion  in  throat  and  bronchial  irritations. 

Put  the  Pinex  into  a  pint  bottle,  and 
add  your  syrup.  Thus  you  make  a  full 
pint  of  really  splendid  cough  syrup,  and 
you  get  about  four  times  as  much  for 
your  money.  It  never  spoils,  and  chil¬ 
dren  love  its  pleasant  taste. 

And  for  quick  relief,  it’s  a  wonder. 

It  loosens  the  phlegm,  soothes  the  irri¬ 
tated  membranes,  eases  the  soreness, 
makes  breathing  easy,  and  lets  you  get 
restful  sleep.  Just  try  it,  and  if  not 
pleased,  your  money  will  be  refunded. 


If  Ruptured 
Try  This  Out 


Modern  Protection  Provides  Great 
Comfort  and  Holding  Security. 
Without  Torfttcus  Truss  Wearing 


An  “eye-opening”  revelation  in 


sensible  and  comfortable  reducible 
rupture  protection  may  be  yours  for 
the  asking,  without  cost  or  obliga¬ 
tion.  Simply  send  name  and  address 
to  William  S.  Rice,  Inc.,  Dept.  71-B, 
Aflams,  N.  Y.,  and  full  details  of 
the  new  and  different  Rice  Method 
will  be  sent  you  Free.  Without  hard 
flesh-gouging  pads  or  tormenting 
pressure,  here’s  a  Support  that  has 
brought  joy  and  comfort  to  thou¬ 
sands  —  by  releasing  them  from 
Trusses  with  springs  and  straps  that 
bind  and  cut.  Designed  to  securely 
hold  a  rupture  up  and  in  where  it 
belongs  and  yet"  give  freedom  of  body 
and  genuine  comfort.  For  full  in¬ 
formation — write  today ! 


Jo  Relieve  dBt 

Misery  wL  wHS 

tPMl 

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waterproof.  Won’t  come  off- 
guaranteed.  25  repairs — 25c. 
AT  HARDWARE  &10c  STORES 


HOOKED  RUG  PATTERNS.  Send  3c  for  illustrated 
folder.  THE  RUG  HATCH,  GLOUCESTER,  MASS. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


I 


(54)  54 


American  Agriculturist,  January  3,  1942 


Kernels,  Screenings 
and  Chaff 


By  H.  E.  BABCOCK 


This  is  the  bucking  pony,  Sunnygables  Somersault.  The  purchase  of  Somer¬ 
sault  was  reported  in  the  January  21,  1933  issue.  He  cost  sixteerf  dollars  in 
Omaha,  Nebraska.  The  above  picture  was  printed  in  the  March  18,  1933  issue. 
Between  tnen  and  the  time  Somersault  was  auctioned  off  through  an  ad  in  the 
livestock  department  in  the  American  Agriculturist  in  April,  1935,  for  $55.55 
to  Clarence  N.  Bisley  and  son  Arthur,  of  Campbell,  New  York,  Somersault 
drew  more  mail  than  any  other  feature  ever  mentioned  in  “ Kernels ,  Screenings, 
and  Chaff.”  During  the  entire  period  he  was  at  Sunnygables,  no  rider  ever 

succeeded  in  staying  on  his  back. 


Printed  in  the  May  13,  1933  issue  of  the  American  Agriculturist,  this  picture 
serves  well  to  mark  the  changes  which  have  taken  place  since  then.  Limpy,  the 
dog,  has  passed  on  to  dog  heaven.  Peanuts,  the  pony — he  was  probably  thirty 
years  old  when  the  picture  was  taken — has  followed  him.  The  boy  holding  the 
pony  now  stands  six  feet,  three.  The  kids  on  his  back  are  big  strapping 

school  boys. 


Throughout  the  entire  period  of  the  publication  of  ‘‘Kernels,  Screenings,  and 
Chaff,”  horses  as  a  hobby  and  as  an  economic  force  on  the  farm  have  had 
plenty  of  space.  This  is  Tony  C.  The  picture  above  was  first  published  in  the 
September  30,  1933  issue,  when  Tony  was  four  or  five  years  old.  Today,  after 
years  of  playing  polo,  of  serving  as  a  lightweight  hunter,  and  more  lately  as  a 
Tennessee  walking  horse,  Tony  is  still  on  the  job.  In  his  case  breeding,  hard, 
flinty  bone,  intelligence,  and  spirit  have  done  a  lot  to  resist  the  wear  and  tear 
of  the  years.  Hats  off  to  T.  B.  Clausen  of  Trumansburg,  N.  Y .,  who  bred  him! 


ERNELS,  Screenings,  and 
MX,  Chaff”  first  appeared  in  the 
American  Agriculturist  in 
the  June  25,  1932  issue. 

The  Title 

The  title  selected  implied  that  on 
occasion  something  worthwhile 
might  be  written.  It  also  was  intend¬ 
ed  to  cover  the  printing  of  a  cer¬ 
tain  amount  of  light  and  even 
worthless  stuff.  A  review  of  some 
250  pages  convinces  me  that  the 
title  was  wisely  chosen. 

The  Objective 

“In  taking  on  this  job,”  I  said  in 
June,  1932,  “ I  have  no  particular 
cause  to  serve,  nor  world  to  conquer. 
I  simply  want  to  keep  in  touch  in  a 
friendly  and  somewhat  intimate  way 
with  my  thousands  of  friends  and 
acquaintances  in  the  New  York 
Milkshed.  If  by  any  chance  I  can 
bring  to  your  attention  a  fact,  a 
thought  or  a  suggestion  which  will 
be  worthwhile,  I  shall  feel  fully  re¬ 
paid  for  my  effort.” 

On  this  occasion — the  celebration 
of  the  one  hundredth  birthday  of 
the  American  Agriculturist — I  have 
no  desire  to  change  the  original 
statement  of  my  ambition  for  “Ker¬ 
nels,  Screenings,  and  Chaff.” 

A  DIARY 

Quite  without  intending  to  do  so 
in  the  beginning,  I  find  on  review¬ 
ing  ten  years  of  “Kernels,  Screen¬ 
ings,  and  Chaff”  that  I  have  writ¬ 
ten  a  diary,  a  record  of  some  of  my 
chief  interests  and  ambitions  which 
otherwise  would  not  have  been 
compiled. 

I  have  all  the  “Kernels,  Screen¬ 
ings,  and  Chaff”  pages  bound  to¬ 
gether  in  a  scrap  book.  More  and 
more  frequently  I  refer  to  them  to 
check  a  memory,  establish  a  date, 
or  trace  a  change  in  my  own  think¬ 
ing. 

Speaking  of  thinking  and  chang¬ 
ing  one’s  mind,  a  review  of  “Ker¬ 
nels,  Screenings,  and  Chaff”  proves, 

I  believe,  that  the  page  has  served 
as  a  forum,  not  only  for  the  expres¬ 
sion  of  my  own  ideas,  but  for  the 
ideas  of  hundreds  of  others  who 
have  written  in  their  thoughts  on 
this  and  that  agricultural  problem. 

As  for  the  repeated  evidence  that 
I  have  often  changed  my  mind  in 
the  last  ten  years,  I  have  no  apol¬ 
ogy.  My  justification  is  that  the 
conditions  in  which  you  and  I  have 
lived  have  changed  even  more  rap¬ 
idly. 

HOMETOWN 

On  the  first  “Kernels,  Screenings, 
and  Chaff”  page  ever  printed,  June 
25,  1932,  appeared  a  diagram  of  a 
community  center  and  the  facilities 
which  farmers  use  in  such  centers 
for  local  service  in  the  purchasing 
of  farm  supplies  and  the  selling  of 
their  farm  products. 

Ten  years  later  this  diagram  ap¬ 
pears  as  “Hometown”  exhibited  by 
the  G.L.F.  at  the  New  York  State 
Fair. 

When  I  originally  became  inter¬ 


ested  in  rural  community  marketing 
facilities,  I  was  appalled  by  the 
duplication  of  investment  ip  milk 
plants,  feed  stores,  storages,  can¬ 
ning  plants,  and  the  like.  Hard 
times  have  squeezed  out  much  of 
this  duplication. 

Today,  after  ten  years  of  close 
observation  and  some  experience 
with  the  problems  of  buying  farm 
supplies  and  selling  farm  products, 
I  have  no  hesitancy  in  saying  that 
the  marketing  facilities  in  rural 
communities  constitute  agricul* 
ture’s  most  important  line  of  eco-*- 
lomic  defense.  Enough  of  these  fa^ 
cilities  should  always  be  owned  by 
armers  and  operated  according  td 
cooperative  principles  so  that  the 
farms  they  serve  are  assured 
through  them  contact  with  the  out¬ 
side  world  and  the  means  of  extend¬ 
ing  farmer-owned  and  controlled 
marketing  activities  clear  through 
to  ultimate  consumer  or  original 
source  of  supply. 

While  we  are  defending  the  na¬ 
tion,  we  farmers  must  not  forget 
also  to  defend  “Hometown.”  What 
it  means  to  us  is  what  we  are  really 
fighting  to  preserve. 

PRICE  LEVELS 

Due  to  my  early  association  with 
the  late,  great  Professor  G.  F.  War¬ 
ren  of  Cornell  University,  I  have 
been  during  my  entire  period  of 
writing  “Kernels,  Screenings,  and 
Chaff”  keenly  aware  of  the  effect 
of  price  level  on  agriculture. 

In  the  very  early  30’s,  I  wrote  a 
lot  about  the  price  of  gold  and  sup¬ 
ported  Professor  Warren’s  theory  of 
the  relationship  between  the  price 
of  gold  and  basic  commodity  prices 
as  vigorously  as  possible. 

The  events  during  those  years,  in¬ 
cluding  devaluation,  abundantly 
prove,  in  my  opinion,  the  soundness 
of  Professor  Warren’s  ideas.  What 
few  saw  at  the  time,  however,  was 
that  this  country  was  drifting  to¬ 
ward  a  participation  in  world  events 
now  climaxed  by  a  real  World  War, 
and  that  these  forces  were  so  great 
that  they  eliminated  the  usual  play 
of  domestic  forces.  Someday  in  a 
world  which  has  fought  itself  into 
exhaustion,  I  .again  hope  to  see 
Warren’s  monetary  theories  accord¬ 
ed  the  consideration  I  am  sure  they 
deserve. 

By  keeping  in  mind  the  simple 
fact  that  when  prices  are  declining, 
basic  commodities  go  down  more 
rapidly  than  do  goods  on  which 
labor  and  other  services  have  been 
expended,  and  that  the  reverse  is 
true  on  a  rising  price  level,  I  have 
made  a  little  money.  I  have  been 
willing  to  go  out  of  the  poultry 
business  altogether  for  a  period,  ac¬ 
cumulate  beef  cattle  and  then  sell 
them,  and  make  other  violent  adap¬ 
tations  in  my  farm  management 
according  to  how  I  thought  the 
price  level  was  running. 

A  REVIEW 

A  review  of  some  250  pages  of 
“Kernels,  Screenings,  and  Chaff”  gives 


(«J) 


American  Agriculturist,  January  J,  19*2 


Standardized  wheel  sizes  on  farm 
equipment  and  the  use  of  6.00x16 
second-hand  inflated  rubber  tires  on 
such  equipment  have  been  given  a  great 
deal  of  attention  at  Sunnygables.  The 
idea  seems  to  have  clicked  commerci¬ 
ally,  along  with  the  idea  of  home 
quick-freezing  and  cold  storage  of  farm 
raised  foods.  Conceivably  both  of 
these  projects  will  have  to  be  put  on 
the  shelf  during  a  period  of  war 
economy. 


an  opportunity  to  evaluate  some  of 
the  ideas  advanced  here. 

Quick  Freezing 

At  the  head  of  the  list  of  ways  of 
farming  and  of  living  on  a  farm  which 
have  been  discussed,  I  unhesitatingly 
place  the  idea  of  the  farm  quick  freez¬ 
er  and  cold  storage  box.  While  the 
production  of  these  boxes  may  have  to 
wait  the  close  of  the  war,  and  while 
considerable  still  needs  to  be  done  to¬ 
ward  lowering  their  cost,  I  continue  to 
believe  that  farm  quick  freezing  and 
cold  storage  boxes,  once  they  are  in 
universal  use,  will  do  more  to  raise 
the  standard  of  living  on  northeastern 
farms  than  anything  which  has  come 
to  my  attention  during  the  last  twenty- 
five  years. 

Every  farm  family  should  make  the 
ownership  of  a  good-sized  farm  freezer 
and  cold  storage  box  its  goal.  Manu¬ 
facturers  and  experiment  stations 
should  continue  research  on  the  con¬ 
struction  of  boxes  and  methods  of  quick 
freezing  and  cold  storage.  Farm 
quick-freezers  and  cold  storage  boxes 
offer  a  promising  field  for  business  ac¬ 
tivity  and  service  when  the  day  comes 
that  manufacturing  plants  must  swing 
over  from  defense  orders  to  supplying 
domestic  needs. 

Grass  Silage 

Next  to  quick-freezing  in  potential 
usefulness  to  northeastern  agriculture, 

I  list  grass  silage  made  entirely  from 
farm-raised  'materials. 

I  do  not  expect  grass  silage  ever  to 
replace  corn  silage.  I  believe  it  will 
work  out  to  be  more  of  a  supplement 
to  corn  silage,  but  I  do  believe  that 
grass  silage  is  here  to  stay'for  several 
reasons.  (1)  It  is  one  of  the  best 
methods  of  weed  control  I  know. 
Weedy  stands  of  new  seedings  can  be 
cut  and  put  into  the  silo  before  the 
weeds  mature.  (2)  The  early  cutting 
of  new  seedings  for  making  grass 
silage  is  a  sure  way  of  securing  sec¬ 
ond  and  even  third  crops  of  legume 
hay  in  one  season.  (3)  Grass  silage 
can  be  put  up  in  early  June  and  thus 
becomes  available  for  bam  feeding  dur¬ 
ing  any  dry  periods  which  may  come 
along  before  corn  harvesting  makes 
corn  silage  available.  (4)  While  not  as 
palatable  as  corn  silage,  well  made 
grass  silage  does  seem  to  contribute 
to  the  health  of  animals  and  I  feel  quite 
sure  that  it  tends  to  maintain  the  yel¬ 
low  color  in  milk  when  fed  during  the 
winter. 

Our  experience  in  using  winter  bar¬ 
ley,  wheat  and  rye  in  the  milk  and 
dough  stages  to  mix  with  about  three 
parts  of  legume  hay  has  given  us  per¬ 
fect  grass  silage.  By  cutting  the  win¬ 
ter  grains  early,  the  establishment  of 
the  grass  seedings  in  them  is  protected. 

Whole  Grain  for  Poultry 

Of  immediate  importance  in  our 
war  economy  is  the  feeding  of  whole 
grain  to  poultry  which  has  been  prac¬ 
ticed  at  Sunnygables  and  many  other 
farms  for  several  years  now. 

In  a  country  which  is  going  to  be 
increasingly  short  of  oil,  gasoline  and 
electric  current  for  power,  it  becomes 
sheer  folly  to  crack  corn  for  chickens 
and  to  mix  grains  together  for  the 
hens  to  pull  apart  piece  by  piece  later 
for  scratch  grain. 

Indeed,  I  believe  that  we  can  go  a 


step  further  and  feed  whole  much  of 
the  grain  which  is  now  ground  to  be¬ 
come  a  part  of  the  mash  fed  to  hens. 

The  fine  grinding  of  grains  for  oth¬ 
er  livestock  also  may  be  cut  down  as 
a  war  measure.  Actually  most  ani¬ 
mals  prefer  the  texture  of  coarse 
ground  feed  to  that  of  finely  powdered 
stuff. 

I  am  convinced  that  it  would  be  to 
the  long-time  interest  of  northeastern 
farmers  to  simplify  their  feeding  pro¬ 
grams  and  to  eliminate  much  of  the 
grinding  and  processing  of  feedstuffs 
to  which  they  are  now  accustomed. 
All  of  next  year’s  chickens  should  be 
raised  to  eat  whole  corn  as  early  as 
possible. 

t 

Northeastern  Grain  Storage 

Readers  of  this  page  will  recall  the 
persistent  way  in  which  I  have  called 
for  the  storage  of  some  government- 
owned  supplies  of  grain  east  of  Buffalo. 
For  years  my  efforts  along  this  line 
were  laughed  off  in  Washington.  Then 
I  interested  Governor  Lehman  and  Sec¬ 
retary  of  Agriculture  Wickard  in  the 
idea.  For  the  past  few  months  a  real 
effort  has  been  made  to  build  up  feed 
inventories  in  the  Northeast.  Now  the 
country  is  at  war. 

Almost  anything  can  happen  and  a 
lot  of  things  are  bound  to  happen  which 
we  don’t  foresee.  Bombings,  break¬ 
downs  of  transportation,  storms,  land 
attacks,  not  one  of  these  contingencies 
can  be  disregarded.  Against  them,  as 
the  only  sure  guarantee  of  the  uninter¬ 
rupted  production  of  fresh  eggs  and 
fresh  milk,  there  is  only  one  effective 
defensive  measure.  FEED  STOCKS 
MUST  BE  BUILT  UP  ON  FARMS 
AND  IN  COMMUNITY  WARE¬ 
HOUSES.  A  NINETY  DAY  BACK¬ 
LOG  IS  THE  MINIMUM  FOR  SAFE¬ 
TY.  Of  all  feedstuffs,  plain  yellow 
com  offers  the  best  bet  for  storage, 


but  don’t  store  it  in  bags.  Use  bar¬ 
rels,  bins,  rat-proofed  empty  horse 
stalls,  anything  in  which  com  may  be 
kept  dry  and  safe  from  rats. 

Winter  Barley 

In  the  past  seven  or  eight  years  we 
have  written  a  lot  about  winter  barley. 
The  Northeast  needs  a  winter  resistant, 
stiff-strawed,  awnless,  high-yielding 
winter  barley.  We  need  this  crop  to 
supply  a  summer  feed  grain.  We  need 
it  for  the  establishment  of  new  seed¬ 
ings.  We  need  it  to  use  for  making 
grass  siiage  out  of  legume  hay.  For¬ 
tunately,  the  plant  breeders  are  on 
their  way.  We  may  confidently  expect 
them  to  solve  our  problem.  Meanwhile, 
our  growing  of  winter  barley  must  re¬ 
main  on  an  experimental  basis  on  most 
farms. 

Farm  Equipment 

What  northeastern  farmers  need  in 
the  way  of  farm  equipment  is  more 
standardization,  the  utilization  of 


Happy  New  Year 


second-hand  automobile  and  truck 
pneumatic  tires,  and  more  pieces  of 
farm  equipment  which  can  be  used  for 
several  jobs  on  a  farm,  as  for  ex¬ 
ample,  the  chopper  which  handles  hay, 
straw  and  cornstalks. 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  during  a  period 
when  they  have  no  sales  problem,  when 
their  spare  parts  will  be  automatically 
used  up,  and  when  their  factories  are 
busy  with  defense  orders,  farm  equip¬ 
ment  companies  will  take  advantage 
of  this  situation  and  re-design  their 
lines. 


In  the  March  2,  1940  issue  of  “ Kernels ,  Screenings,  and  Chaff,”  we  reported 
on  the  epic  battle  of  Hitler,  the  hog,  and  Jack,  the  jackass.  Hitler,  you  may 
recall,  was  a  big  Duroc  Jersey  boar.  He  suffered  from  an  inferiority  complex. 
In  an  endeavor  to  achieve  a  measure  of  self-respect,  he  cleaned  up  everything 
around  the  barnyard  including  the  hired  man, — that  is,  until  he  invaded  the 
domain  of  Jack,  the  jackass.  Once  he  made  this  fatal  mistake.  Hitler's  cam¬ 
paign  for  barnyard  domination  came  to  a  speedy  and  thoroughly  disgraceful 
collapse.  Jack  simply  clamped  those  great  jaws  of  his  on  Hitler’s  spine  and 
crunched  and  shook  until  Hitler’s  yells  filled  the  barnyard.  Could  this  have 

been  a  prophetic  battle? 


In  recent  years  the  field  of  agricultural  experience  originally  covered  in  Kernels,  Screenings,  and  Chaff  has  been 
considerably  broadened.  First,  connections  were  established  in  the  range  country  for  the  purchasing  of  Hereford  heifer 
calves.  Then  H.  E.  Babcock,  Jr.,  worked  for  awhile  on  th •  famous  Chisolm  ranch  at  Roswell,  New  Mexico,  then  formed 
his  own  corporation  and  bought  it.  On  this  ranch,  in  addition  to  feeding  sheep  and  cattle,  he  raises  alfalfa,  wheatland 
maize,  and  cotton.  Through  his  “Down  Mexico  Way”  notes,  an  endeavor  is  made  to  give  our  readers  an  occasional 

glimpse  of  the  agriculture  of  the  Southwest. 


100  Years  After  1776 


•  THE  CENTENNIAL  YEAR 
OF  AMERICA’S  BIRTH 


The  W.  Atlee  Burpee  Company 


Started  in 

FOR  66  YEARS,  farmers  have  found 
dependability  in  the  slogan  that  has 
become  one  of  the  best  known  in 
America — “Burpee’s  Seeds  Grow.”  Burpee’s 
is  the  leading  American  Seed  Catalog,  a 
household  aid  in  more  than  a  million  homes 


Philadelphia 

for  planning  the  garden.  The  best  seeds  that 
grow,  from  Burpee’s  Floradale  Farms  and 
Burpee’s  Fordhook  Farms.  A  letter  has  just 
been  received  from  a  woman  who  has  planted 
Burpee’s  Seeds  every  year  for  65  years! 


Burpee’s  Marigolds  with  Odorless  Foliage 

A  lovely  assortment  of  Burpee  Marigolds  — large  flowers, 
all  best  types — carnation-flowered,  chrysanthemum-flower¬ 
ed,  collarette,  etc. — primrose,  yellow,  orange,  and  gold — 
including  All-America  Gold  Medal  winner. 

Burpee’s  Yellow  and  Orange  Cosmos 
Burpee’s  Yellow  Cosmos  is  new  for  1942 — for  a  glorious 
play  of  color  we  have  also  included  Orange  Flare — both 
are  All-America  Medal  winners.  The  3-ft.  plants  bloom 
early  and  very  profusely  till  late  fall. 

Burpee’s  Sunshine  Gaillardia 
Giant,  colorful,  double  blooms  on  fine  long  stems  for 
cutting — gay  hues  of  red  and  yellow,  many  bi-colored. 
You’ll  always  want  these  new  Annual  Gaillardias. 

David  Burpee  Giant  Zinnias 
Strikingly  different !  Immense,  over  6  in.  across,  with 
curled  petals ;  shaggy,  chrysanthemum-like.  Rare,  new 
shades  of  apricot,  cream,  buff,  salmon,  peach,  rose,  etc., 
some  with  2-tone  and  3-tone  effects.  3  ft.  tall. 


Heavenly  Blue  and  Peace  Scabiosa 

Delightful,  soft  azure  blue  and  pure  white  flowers  for 
dainty  bouquets  and  attractive  garden  display.  Both  are 
All- America  winners.  Long  stems  ;  2- ft.  plants. 

Larger  Packets — For  a  larger  planting,  5  Pkts. 
of  90  to  125  seeds  each,  all  5  postpaid  for  25c 


gurpee^^ 


im 


To  introduce  widely  for  every 
reader  of  this  page  to  enjoy  these 
flowers,  we  will  send  you  5  Packets" 
of  35  to  50  seeds  each,  enough  for  a  row  of  each  in 
your  1942  garden,  all  5  Pkts.  postpaid  for  just  10c. 


■© 


What  Romeyn  Berry  Said 
About  the  Burpee 
Catalog  in 

American  Agriculturist 

“The  seed  catalogs  used  to  come  around  the  mid¬ 
dle  of  February.  Lately,  the  Burpee  boys  have 
been  sending  theirs  January  1,  Up  our  road,  this 
speed-up  in  the  deliberate  processes  of  nature 
is  gratefully  appreciated.  It  seems  to  make  the 
spring  come  that  much  quicker.  One  finds  him¬ 
self  knee  deep  in  Scabiosa  Heavenly  Blue  and 
the  Yellow  Colossal  Calendula  before  he’s  even 
started  to  overhaul  the  sap  buckets. 

“The  Burpee  boys  went  to  college  hereabouts. 
They  are  familiar  with  our  winters.  I  like  to 
believe  they  chose  the  earlier  mailing  date  be¬ 
cause  they  remember  that  spring  starts  in  the 
Town  of  Ulysses  when  the  seed  catalog  comes ; 
that  the  heavy  load  of  January  could  be  light¬ 
ened  for  many  a  Tompkins  County  hill  farm 
by  an  advance  peek  at  spirited  pictorial  repro¬ 
ductions  of  the  Black  Beauty  Egg  Plant,  Bur¬ 
pee’s  Giant  Dahlia-Flowered  Zinnias,  Table 
Talk  Tomatoes,  Burbank  World  Wonder  Sweet 
Corn,  and  the  Blanche  Burpee  Forget-Me-Not. 

“When  you  live  up  a  dirt  road,  the  only  sen¬ 
sible  thing  you  can  do  about  January  is  to  skip 
it.  That  isn’t  <=asy,  but  at  least  one  can  try.  He 
doesn’t  have  to  sit  there  and  just  take  it.  The 
best  way  we  know  is  to  place  a  heavy  table  in 
the  middle  of  the  sitting  room  so  the  carpet 
won’t  blow  up  so  high,  prod  the  fire,  put  on  a 
second  pair  of  long  drawers,  get  out  the  new 
seed  catalog,  and  tiptoe  through  the  tulips  with 
the  Burpee  boys.” 

— Reprinted  by  permission. 


Seed  Catalog  right  away  —  all  the  best 
flowers  and  vegetables,  many  introduced 
by  Burpee  —  including  Golden  Bantam 
Corn,  Fordhook  Bush  Lima  Bean,  Ice¬ 
berg  Lettuce,  Copenhagen  Market  Cab¬ 
bage,  Burpee’s  Stringless  Green  Pod  Bean, 
Fordhook  Pepper,  Table  Talk  Tomato, 
Rhubarb  Chard,  the  new  Burpee’s  Celtuce 
(celery-lettuce),  etc.  Burpee’s  new  flowers 
have  also  been  outstanding;  there  are 
many  new  for  1942,  led  by  the  first  and 
only  Yellow  Cosmos. 

Send  Postcard  or  Coupon  Today! 


You  will  want  to  grow  more  vegetables  this 
year,  as  a  patriotic  service.  War  conditions 
threaten  both  a  shortage  of  and  higher  prices 
for  fresh  vegetables  this  summer  and  fall. 


Burpee's  Kitchen  Garden 


For  a  Garden  about  20x30  ft. — leading  Burpee  Varieties 

Bush  Beans  (1  green,  lwax),  Bush  Lima  Beans, 

Radishes,  (1  red,  1  white).  Carrot,  Swiss  Chard, 

Sweet  Corn,  Cucumber,  Lettuce,  Onion,  Pars¬ 
ley,  Beet,  Squash,  Turnip.  All  15  Packets  (value  $1.50)  . _ 


*1 


Burpee's  Suburban  Garden 

For  a  Garden  of  about  2400  sq.  ft.  —  leading  Burpee  Varieties 

Bush  Beans  (l/2  lb.  green,  Va  lb.  wax),  Va  lb.  Bush  Lima  Beans,  1/2  lb.  Garden 
Peas,  1  ounce  Spinach,  and  these  Piets.:  Early  Beet,  midseason  Beet,  Cabbage, 
half-long  Carrot,  long  Carrot,  Cucumber,  butterhead  Lettuce,  loosehead  Lettuce, 
Onion,  Parsley,  Parsnip,  red  Radish,  white  Radish,  Salsify,  Summer  Squash, 

Golden  Bantam  Sweet  Corn,  white  Sweet  Corn,  Swiss  Chard,  Tomato, 

Turnip. 

All  25  Varieties,  Va  Lbs.,  Oz.  and  Pkts.  (value  $3.25)  for  only . 


Burpee's  Country  Garden 

Enough  Burpee’s  Seeds  for  space  SO  x  100  ft.  —  enough  vegetables  for 
the  family  during  the  season,  with  some  to  spare  for  canning  and  storage. 

1  Lb.  green  and  V2  Lb.  wax  Bush  Beans,  1  Lb.  Bush  Lima  Beans,  1  Lb.  Garden 
Peas,  Va  Lb.  Golden  Cross  Bantam  Corn,  1  oz.  Spinach,  and  1  Pkt.  each  of  Detroit 
Dark  Red  Beet,  Ohio  Canner  Beet,  Copenhagen  Market  Cabbage,  Goldinhart 
Carrot,  Nantes  Half- Long  Carrot,  Cucumber,  Soy  Bean,  Endive,  Kale,  Big  Boston 
Lettuce,  Black-Seeded  Simpson  Lettuce,  Muskmelon,  Onion,  Parsley,  Pars-  ~ 
nip.  Pepper,  Pumpkin,  red  Radish,  white  Radish,  Summer  Squash,  Acorn 
Squash,  Swiss  Chard,  Tomato,  Turnip. 

All  30  Varieties,  Lbs.,  Va  Lbs.,  Oz.  and  Pkts.  (value  $4.75)  for  only.... 


ORDER  BLANK 


l 

I 

■ 


I 

I 


W.  ATLEE  BURPEE  CO..  300  Burpee  Bldg.,  Philadelphia 


Send  me  the  Burpee  Seeds  ordered 

□  Burpee’s  New  Flowers,  All 

5  Packets  for . . . _10c 

□  Burpee’s  New  Flowers,  All 
5  Larger  Packets  for  ...25c 

Cl  Burpee’s  Kitchen  Garden, 

15  Pkts.  Vegetables _ $1. 

□  Burpee’s  Suburban  Garden, 

25  Varieties  for . $2. 


Name 


below,  postpaid  and  guaranteed: 

□  Burpee’s  Country  Garden, 

30  Varieties  for . $3. 

□  Fluffy  Ruffles  Petunia, 

25c  Packet  Seeds  for . 10c 

□  Burpee’s  Marigolds,  5  Kinds 

5  Packets,  1  of  each _ 25c 

□  Burpee’s  Giant  Sweet  Peas, 

6  Packets,  6  colors . ...25c 

Enclosed  is  $ _ _ _ 


Address 


□  Send  Burpee’s  1942  Seed  Catalog  FREE. 


Burpee’s  -fMfa 

PETUNIAS 


Many  glorious  colors,  mixed.  Immense, 
deeply  ruffled,  fragrant  flowers  5  to  7  in. 
across,  with  wide-open  throats,  many  vein¬ 
ed  with  rich  contrasting  hues.  Free-bloom¬ 
ing.  The  seeds  are  small  and  most  valu¬ 
able,  but  easy  to  grow. 


ki  n  ds  Burpee’s 


ALL  5  PKTS. 

25* 


For  a  beautiful  garden,  we  have  selected  these  five  kinds— 
five  *15c-packets  of  seeds  for  just  25c!  Burpee  Gold  and 
Canary  Bird  are  carnation-flowered  like  the  picture,  with 
odorless  foliage;  Harmony  is  dwarf  French;  Sunset  Giants 
are  giant  African;  Spanish  Gold  is  peony-flowered.  Red,  orange, 
yellow  and  gold.  Order  now. 


urpee’s  sweet  peas 

Here  is  your  opportunity  to  order  Burpee’s  Giant  Spencer 
Sweet  Peas  in  six  glorious  colors  packed  separately  to 
plant  each  color  just  where  you  want  it  in  the  row,  and  to 
have  plenty  of  fragrant  bouquets.  Scarlet-cerise,  brilliant 
rose,  cream-pink,  pure  white,  pure  lavender,  true  blue.  Grown 
on  Burpee’s  Floradale  Farms  in  California’s 
Lompoc  Valley,  the  world’s  finest  sweet  pea  seed 
growing  section,  to  produce  plump,  full-of-vital- 
ity  seeds  with  the  extra  vigor  northern  gardens 
need.  For  years  Burpee’s  Sweet  Peas  have  been 
famous,  and  we  invite  you  to  grow  them  at  this 
special  price. 


W.  Atlee 

Largest  Direct-by-Mail 
Seed  House 
in  the  World 


Burpee  Co. 

300  Burpee  Bldg. 

PHILADELPHIA 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


American 

GRICU  LTURIST 


FOUNDED  1842 


AwotUesi  Gtvo4Mx)jGx!U 


in  RURAL  EDUCATION? 


iSy  E.  R.  EASTMAN 

N  ORDER  to  make  clear  some  points 
that  I  have  had  in  mind  for  a  long 
time  about  rural  school  education  and 
the  administration  of  the  rural  school 
law  by  the  New  York  State  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Education,  I  am  going  to  start  by 
telling  a  personal  story. 

I  grew  up  on  a  farm  in  a  country  neighbor¬ 
hood  five  miles  from  the  nearest  high  school. 
To  get  a  high  school  education,  farm  young 
people  in  that  neighborhood,  and  in  all  other 
neighborhoods  not  in  the  high  school  districts, 
had  to  manage  every  way.  Most  of  us  could 
not  start  high  school  until  late  in  the  fall,  and 
we  had  to  quit  early  in  the  spring  in  order 
to  help  with  farm  work.  One  year  I  walked 
to  school  .back  and  forth  five  miles  over  the 
mountain,  then  did  chores  on  both  ends  of 
the  short  winter  day.  Another  high  school 
winter  I  worked  for  my  board  with  a  farmer 
who  lived  near  the  school.  The  third  winter  I 
earned  my  expenses  by  working  nights,  morn¬ 
ings,  and  Saturdays  in  the  foundry  of  a  man¬ 
ure  spreader  manufactory.  During  the  sum¬ 
mer  vacations  I  raised  potatoes  on  shares, 
and  worked  out  by  the  day  in  order  to  get 
money  to  pay  the  high  school  tuition.  That 
was  double  taxation,  because  my  father  also 
paid  high  district  school  taxes. 

I  cite  my  own  experience  because  it  was 
similar  to  that  of  thousands  of  other  country 
boys  and  girls,  many  of  whom  never  did  get 
to  high  school  because  the  barriers  were  so 
difficult  and  unfair.  How  I  used  to  envy  the 
village  and  city  young  people  who  could 
tumble  out  of  bed  hours  later  than  I  did  and 
get  to  school  with  little  or  no  effort.  So  it  was 
early  impressed  upon  me  that  although  we 
were  supposed  to  have  free  schools  in  this 
country,  they  were  not  very  free  so  far  as 
country  boys  and  girls  were  concerned.  Farm 
young  people  had  no  equal  educational  op¬ 
portunity  compared  with  boys  and  girls  who 
lived  in  the  villages  and  cities.  To  be  sure, 
nearly  every  country  child  had  the  advant¬ 
age  of  the  district  school.  Many  of  these  were 
excellent.  No  better  teachers  ever  lived  than 

some  of  the  old  district  school  teachers.  But 

district  school  taxes  were  high,  and  in  New 


York  State  the  taxpayers  in  some  districts 
paid  as  much  as  five  to  ten  times  more  taxes 
for  the  same  kind  of  schools  as  did  those  who 
lived  in  other  districts.  Also,  there  were  hun¬ 
dreds  of  schools  with  only  from  two  to  five 
pupils,  and  while  there  were  many  good 
teachers,  alas,  there  were  also  many  poor 
ones.  Even  many  of  the  good  ones  used  dis¬ 
trict  school  teaching  as  a  makeshift  job,  a 
stepping  stone  to  some  other  ambition. 

Later  I  became  a  teacher  myself,  and  was 
again  continually  impressed  with  how  un¬ 
fairly  farmer  school  taxpayers  and  farm  chil¬ 
dren  were  discriminated  against  in  the  edu¬ 
cational  system. 

As  a  grade  school  teacher,  and  later  as  a 
high  school  teacher  and  principal,  I  soon 


“Do  recent  changes  in  the  administration  of  rural 
education  in  the  New  York  State  Department  of 
Education  indicate  a  tendency  to  slip  backwards?” 


learned  that  there  was  another  school  situa¬ 
tion  in  New  York  State  which  was  very 
wrong.  That  was  the  lack  of  cooperation  and 
understanding  on  the  part  of  the  New  York 
State  Education  Department.  Few  individ- 

uals,  organizations,  or  institutions  in  my  ex¬ 
perience  have  ever  handled  their  public  re¬ 
lations  so  poorly  as  did  the  New  York  State 

Education  Department  years  ago.  Time  and 

-  -  -  -  - 

again,  Trustees  and  Boards  of  Education  re¬ 
ceived  letters  from  the  Department  threaten¬ 
ing  that  if  they  did  not  (Turn  to  Page  20) 


IN  THIS  ISSUE  A-  A-’s  CHICK  REARING  CONTEST,  Page  3;  YOUNG  COMMITTEE  SEEKS  7  CHANGES  IN  MILK 
m  IHN  IJJUE  ORDER  page  7;  VEGETABLE  SEED  SITUATION,  Page  8;  DRAFT  DEFERMENT  FOR  FARMERS,  Page 

9;  SHIPPING  EGGS,  Page  16*  WINTER  DESSERTS,  Page  18;  SEW  AND  SAVE,  Page  19;  SERVICE  BUREAU,  Page  23. 


JANUARY  17;  1942 

The  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative 
is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


Save  That  Bag 

Bags  that  are  stuffed  into  cracks  around  the  barn  .  .  .  bags  that  are  hanging  over  chicken 
house  windows  .  .  .  bags  that  are  cushioning  tractor  seats,  or  lying  forgotten  in  a  corner  of 
the  barn  .  .  .  these  bags  must  be  picked  up,  cleaned  up,  saved  .  .  .  You’ll  need  them. 


Every  bag  is  valuable.  No  farmer 
can  afford  to  waste  a  single 
bag,  because  .  .  . 

Feed  bags  make  sandbags.  The 
government  is  taking  two-thirds  of 
all  the  burlap  in  the  country  for 
military  use.  All  burlap  fertilizer 
bags  have  been  commandeered — 
even  bags  made  up  and  printed. 

This  cuts  the  nation’s  burlap 
supply  to  a  fraction  of  its  normal 
size — and  little  or  no  new  burlap  is 
coming  in.  Merchant  vessels  from 
India  are  unable  to  get  through  the 
Jap  blockade  in  the  Pacific. 

This  shortage  of  burlap  is  the 
most  critical  shortage  facing  farmers 
today.  There  simply  will  not  be 
enough  burlap  bags  to  move  the 
feed,  seed,  fertilizer,  and  spray  ma¬ 
terials  that  farmers  will  use  this 
spring.  Manufacturers  are  experi¬ 
menting  with  substitutes,  but  they 
cannot  be  developed  over  night. 
Meanwhile,  farmers  must: 

1.  Save  every  bag.  Open  carefully. 
Shake  out  clean.  Hang  up  away 
from  rats  and  mice. 


2.  Salvage  old  bags  that  are  ly¬ 
ing  around. 

3.  Keep  a  few  bags  on  hand — 
enough  to  take  care  of  your  own 
needs  in  an  emergency. 

4.  Send  back  the  rest — all  the  bags 
beyond  a  normal  farm  supply.  Keep 
them  on  the  job  of  moving  feed  from 
mill  to  farm. 


Bag  Values 

G.L.F.  10-oz.  bags,  first  class 
condition 

Delivered  to  Bag  Plants . 16c 

At  your  local  Service  Agency .  ,  .  .  14c 

★  ★  ★ 

Lightweight  or  slightly  damaged 
bags  at  somewhat  lower  prices 

★  ★  ★ 

Government  order  prevents  prices  going 
higher 


Mash  Formulas 

War  is  affecting  the  supply  of 
many  of  the  ingredients  poultrymen 
like  to  have  in  their  mash.  Dried 


milk  products  are  scarce.  God  liver 
oil  is  practically  unavailable.  For¬ 
tunately  there  are  good,  well-tested 
ingredients  available  to  take  the 
place  of  these  scarce  items.  Several 
minor  changes  have  been  made  in 
G.L.F.  mashes  effective  January  1. 

Special  Laying  Mash  has  been  im¬ 
proved  to  make  it  suitable  for  breed¬ 
ers,  and  will  be  called  Laying  & 
Breeding  Mash. 

More  meatscraps  and  fish  meal 
have  been  added  to  Starting  &  Grow¬ 
ing  Mash ,  increasing  the  protein 
guarantee  to  20%.  The  dried  milk 
products  in  Super  Mixing  Mash  have 
been  replaced  by  brewer’s  yeast  and 
riboflavin  supplement. 

The  dried  milk  products  have 
been  removed  from  Super  Mixing 
Mash ,  and  the  1939  formula  Starting 
&  Growing  Mash  has  been  discon¬ 
tinued,  in  order  to  conserve  dried 
skimmed  milk  for  use  in  Super  Laying 
&  Breeding  Mash,  the  formula  for 
which  is  unchanged. 

As  always,  the  exact  amount  of 
each  ingredient  is  shown  on  the  tag 
attached  to  each  bag. 


Recipes 

T$y  Lucile  'Brewer 


For  the  Ladies: — 

We  have  just  prepared  a  packet  of 
22  recipes  for  Yeast  Breads  &  Rolls. 
Each  recipe  is  printed  on  a  separate 
3x5  inch  card.  These  are  the  same 
tested  and  reliable  yeast  dough 
recipes  which  I  have  used  and  given 
away  at  hundreds  of  demonstrations 
— now  printed  in  clear  type  on 
handy  cards  for  your  file. 


If  you  would  like  these  recipes — 
free— simply  write  me  a  postcard. 
Print  or  write  your  name  carefully. 
Address  your  card  to  my  attention 
at  Terrace  Hill  House,  Ithaca, 
New  York. 


G.L.F.  Family  Foods  Specialist 


Cooperative  G.L.F.  Exchange,  Inc., 


Ithaca,  N.  Y 


American  Agriculturist.  January  17.  1942 


3  (59) 


ENROLL  NOW 

in  American  /l<yUcult^AMtr i- 

Cliick  Rearing  Contest 

$65.00  i>  Prizes 


fully  scrutinized,  and  we  do  not  accept 
advertisements  from  those  who,  in  our 
opinion,  are  unable  to  deliver  the  kind 
of  chicks  they  advertise. 

In  this  connection,  we  point  out  that 
various  grades  of  chicks  are  advertised 
in  Am&i'ican  Agriculturist.  For  ex¬ 
ample,  some  are  from  hatcheries  where 
breeders  are  blood  tested  for  pullorum 
until  no  reactors  are  found.  Other 
hatcheries  blood  test  the  breeding 
stock  each  year  and  remove  reactors; 
while  occasionally  a  hatchery  does  not 
do  any  blood  testing  at  all.  It  is  up 
to  the  subscriber  to  decide  what  kind 
of  chicks  he  wants  to  buy. 

Keep  Them  Warm 


Picking  the  Winners 

The  winners  in  this  contest  will  be 
decided  on  a  rather  broad  basis,  and 
among  the  points  that  will  be  consid¬ 
ered  by  the  judges  are:  the  quality  of 
chicks  purchased;  the  percentage  that 
are  raised  to  maturity;  evidence  as 
given  by  you  that  you  are  following 
feeding  and  management  plans  that 
are  logical  and  adequate  for  your  sit¬ 
uation;  the  amount  of  difficulty  you 
have  with  diseases  and  parasites  and 
your  success  in  controlling  them.  Also 
to  be  considered  are  your  feed  costs 
and  the  cost  per  pullet  of  those  you 
raise  to  five  months  of  age. 

As  soon  as  you  enroll,  you  will  re¬ 
ceive  a  copy  of  the  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  Chick  Rearing  Contest  Report 
blank.  This  will  show  you  what  figures 
you  will  need  to  keep,  but  you  will  not 
return  it  to  us  until  your  pullets  are 
five  months  old. 

In  any  contest  it  is  important  to  ob¬ 
serve  the  rules  carefully,  so  read  them 
over — not  once  but  several  times — to 
be  sure  that  you  do  not  miss  any  of 
them. 


ONE  OF  the  critical  jobs  of  the 
year  for  any  poultryman  is  raising 
his  pullets.  That  is  why  the  editors  of 
American  Agriculturist  decided  to  have 
a  Chick  Rearing  Contest  in  1942. 

On  this  page  you  will  find  an  enroll¬ 
ment  blank.  After  you  have  read  the 
article,  fill  out  the  blank  and  send  it 
in.  It  does  not  obligate  you  in  any  way. 
It  just  makes  you  eligible  for  the  first 
prize  of  $25.00  or  one  of  the  other 
prizes — $10.00  for  second  and  fifteen 
other  prizes  of  $2.00  each.  In  addition, 
each  subscriber  who  completes  this 
contest  will  receive  a  handy  little  tool 
for  which  he  will  find  many  uses.  It 
is  a  unique  handle  fitted  with  a  safety 
razor  blade,  and  is  excellent  for  scrap¬ 
ing  paint  off  windows.  It  can  be  used 
as  a  knife  and  adjusted  to  do  a  slick 
job  of  cutting  cardboard  or  paper.  If 
you  were  to  step  into  a  store  to  buy 
this,  it  would  cost  you  50c. 


want,  there  is  no  reason  why  you 
shouldn’t  buy  them  as  cheaply  as  pos¬ 
sible;  but  buying  the  cheapest  chicks 
on  the  market  is  a  poor  way  to  start 
to  raise  a  flock  of  pullets. 

First,  you  will  want  to  buy  chicks 
from  stock  known  to  be  good  produc¬ 
ers.  Second,  it  is  equally  important  to 


Another  important  point  is  to  get 
your  chicks  in  the  brooder  house  with¬ 
out  chilling  them.  That  means  having 
your  house  warm  when  they  arrive  and 
using  care  (especially  if  the  weather  is 
cold)  that  they  are  not  exposed  to  cold 
drafts  from  the  time  you  get  them 
until  they  are  under  the  hover. 


Buying  the  Chicks 

Now,  just  a  few  suggestions  that 
may  help  you  to  win  first  prize.  Your  get  chicks  that  are  healthy.  While  it 
first  job  will  be  to  buy  your  chicks,  is  not  essential  that  those  who  com- 
Too  often  a  poultryman  approaches  pete  in  this  contest  buy  chicks  from 
this  problem  with  the  idea  in  mind,  guaranteed  advertisers  in  American 
“How  can  I  save  money?”  Of  course,  Agriculturist,  we  urge  that  you  do  so. 
once  you  find  the  kind  of  chicks  you  All  our  baby  chick  advertisers  are  care- 


Here  is  a  small  point,  but  it  some¬ 
times  saves  a  lot  of  money.  Take  the 
chill  off  the  water  that  the  baby  chicks 
drink.  Water  near  the  freezing  point 
will  cool  them  off  and,  by  chilling  them, 
may  set  them  back  so  they  will  never 
entirely  recover. 


CHICK  REARING  CONTEST  ENROLLMENT  BLANK 

I  want  to  enroll  in  the  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  Chick  Rear¬ 
ing  Contest.  I  want  to  compete  for  prizes,  which  will  be:  1st  prize,  $25.00; 
2nd  prize,  $10.00;  3rd  prize  to  17th  prize,  $2.00  each. 

I  am  buying  my  chicks  from  . 

whose  address  is  . . 

I  will  buy  about . chicks.  The  approximate  date  when  I  plan  to 

buy  is  . . 

I  will  report  to  you  my  results  when  the  pullets  are  five  months  old. 


Name 


Address 


The  source  of  heat  is  unimportant. 
Every  year  good  chicks  are  raised  un¬ 
der  coal  stove  hovers,  under  oil-burn¬ 
ing  hovers,  and  under  electric  hovers. 
The  important  thing  to  remember  is 
that  the  chicks  must  be  kept  comfor¬ 
tably  warm  without  overheating.  A 
good  many  poultrymen  keep  them  close 
to  the  hover  for  a  day  or  two  by  build¬ 
ing  a  fence  of  cardboard  boxes  or  wire. 
After  that,  they  can  have  the  run  of 
the  brooder  house.  In  fact,  after  a  few 
days,  it  is  a  fine  idea  to  have  a  house 
with  an  adjacent  room  where  there  is 
no  heat  so  the  chicks  can  go  there 
and  then  return  to  the  brooder  when 
they  get  cold. 

There  is  no  magic  feed  formula  that 
will  raise  prize-winning  pullets.  If  you 
decide  to  feed  a  certain  commercial  ra¬ 
tion,  stick  to  it  and  follow  the  direc¬ 
tions  given  by;  the  company  that  man- 


r„-  u  —v 

THE  RULES 

Contestants  must  be  subscrib¬ 
ers  to  AMERICAN  AGRICUL¬ 
TURIST.  Any  member  of  a  sub¬ 
scriber’s  family  may  enter. 

To  compete  in  the  contest, 
chicks  must  be  purchased  before 
June  1,  1942. 

To  be  eligible,  a  contestant 
must  purchase  at  least  100 
chicks. 

When  the  pullets  are  five 
months  old,  contestants  must  fill 
out  and  submit  report  blanks, 
which  we  will  furnish. 

The  decisions  of  the  judges  will 
be  final. 

V—  I  I*  —I.  WI.-I  -  .  >i 

ufactures  it.  If  you  mix  your  own,  pick 
out  a  formula  recommended  by  some¬ 
one  who  knows;  then  all  that  is  neces¬ 
sary  is  to  take  reasonable  care  to  see 
that  the  ingredients  going  into  the  mix¬ 
ture  are  up  to  standard. 

Good  chicks  can  be  raised  by  keep¬ 
ing  them  in  confinement  and  allowing 
them  outside  only  on  wire  porches,  or 
by  rearing  them  in  a  brooder  house 
and  moving  them  out  on  range  as  soon 
as  they  are  old  enough.  It  is  not  the 
method  so  much  as  it  is  the  care  you 
use  in  following  the  details. 

Give  Them  Room 

Here  is  another  suggestion.  Don’t 
crowd  the  chicks.  Most  poultrymen 
have  learned  that  around  250  are  about 
enough  chicks  to  brood  under  one 
hover.  You  may  come  back  and  tell 
of  "this  man  or  that  man  who  raises 
400  or  500  under  a  brooder.  Maybe  he 
does,  but  he  is  taking  a  chance.  This 
question  of  room  is  particularly  im¬ 
portant  where  you  buy  sexed  chicks. 
Where  you  buy  straight-run  chicks, 
you  will  be  taking  out  the  broilers  just 
about  the  time  the  pullets  need  more 
room.  Where  you  buy  all  pullets,  there 
is  a  temptation  to  leave  them  until 
they  get  crowded. 

You  will  notice  that  one  of  the  points 
on  which  the  winners  of  this  contest 
will  be  judged  is  the  cost  per  pullet. 
Do  not  make  the  mistake,  though,  of 
trying  to  save  money  by  skimping  on 
feed.  By  the  time  the  pullets  get  to 
laying  age,  it  will  cost  you  more  than 
it  will  to  feed  them  liberally.  Neither 
is  it  a  good  idea  to  try  to  save  money 
by  feeding  them  liberally  on  poor  feed. 
We  predict  that  the  man  or  woman 
who  wins  the  $25.00  prize  will  do  it  by 
picking  the  best  possible  ration  he  or 
she  can,  and  by  giving  the  chicks  all 
they  can  consume  of  it. 

Your  Questions  Answered 

We  have  made  just  a  few  sugges¬ 
tions  above.  There  will  be  plenty  of 
problems  coming  up  that  we  haven’t 
mentioned  at  all.  We  will  be  glad  to 
have  letters  from  you  asking  questions 
at  any  time,  and  we  will  do  our  best  to 
answer  them.  If  you  have  not  done  it 
already,  it  will  be  an  excellent  plan 
to  build  up  a  little  library  of  bulletins 
on  raising  chicks.  Your  State  College 
of  Agriculture  has  them,  as  do  some 
hatcheries  and  companies  dealing  in 
feeds  and  poultry  supplies. 

There  is  just  one  caution  here.  Do 
not  read  all  of  the  bulletins  you  can 
get  your  hands  on  and  then  try  to  pick 
out  a  point  from  one  and  a  point  from 
another  and  try  to  make  them  into  a 
plan  to  work  on.  Read  them  all,  to  be 
sure,  but  finally  pick  out  the  recom¬ 
mendations  that  seem  to  you  to  fit  your 
situation  best,  and  then  stick  to  them 
through  thick  and  thin. 

Well,  here’s  luck  to  all  of  you.  Just 
fill  out  the  enrollment  blank.  Of  course, 
you  probably  will  not  be  buying  your 
chicks  for  some  weeks  to  come,  but  it 
is  not  too  early  to  begin  laying  your 
plans. 


(60)  4 


American  Agriculturist,  January  17,  1942 


PAG  Hr 


Address  all  mail  for  Editorial  or  Advertt*. 
Ing  departments  to  Americ-in  Agriculturist, 

Savings  Bank  Building.  Ithacr..  Mew  York 


Sheffield  Leaders  Out  of  Bargaining 

Agency  ' 

HE  EASTERN  Milk  Producers’  Coopera¬ 
tive  Association,  Inc.  have  withdrawn  from 
the  Metropolitan  Bargaining  Agency.  Their  ac¬ 
tion  was  followed  by  withdrawal  of  two  or  three 
others  of  the  smaller  cooperatives.  The  Bar¬ 
gaining  Agency  itself  is  in  much  better  position 
without  this  Sheffield  group,  whose  leaders  have 
been  a  disturbing  and  obstructionist  group  since 
they  joined  the  Agency.  In  this  connection,  be 
sure  to  read  on  Page  11  of  the  New  York  edi¬ 
tion  of  this  issue  the  complaint  and  suit  brought 
by  the  United  States  Federal  Trade  Commission 
against  the  Sheffield  Farms  Company  for  its 
alleged  domination  of  its  alleged  dealer  coopera¬ 
tive,  the  Eastern  Milk  Producers’ .  Cooperative 
Association,  Inc.  From  this  complaint,  it  would 
appear  that  the  Sheffield  Company  has  been 
dictating  the  policies  of  its  producer  group  in 
the  Bargaining  Agency  as  well  as  elsewhere. 

It  is  not  the  purpose  of  this  publication  to  be 
over-critical  of  the  Sheffield  Company.  The 
manufacture  and  distribution  of  milk  and  its 
products  are  necessary  and  worthwhile,  and  milk 
dealers  are  often  unfairly  criticized,  but  the 
Sheffield  Company  is  subject  to  severe  criticism 
if  it  is  true,  as  the  United  States  government 
charges,  that  it  not  only  runs  its  own  business 
but  also  dictates  how  the  business  of  its  produc¬ 
ers  shall  be  run.  A  dealer  cooperative  is  not  a 
cooperative  in  any  true  sense  whatever,  and  has 
no  part  nor  place  in  any  federation  of  true  coop¬ 
eratives  like  the  Bargaining  Agency. 

But  there  is  one  very  important  fact  that  no 
one  interested  in  the  welfare  of  dairy  farmers 
should  lose  sight  of,  and  that  is  that  the  pro¬ 
ducers  who  sell  to  Sheffield  Farms  are  just  as 
good  dairymen  as  there  are  in  the  milk  shed, 
and  just  as  capable  as  anyone  else  of  doing  their 
own  thinking.  Many  of  them  are  in  the  Sheffield 
Company  producers’  organization  because  they 
had  no  choice.  If  they  are  there  because  they 
want  to  be,  that  is  their  privilege  too.  Some  of 
the  leaders  of  the  Sheffield  producers’  group,  it 
is  claimed,  have  seemed  more  willing  to  serve 
the  Sheffield  Company  than  the  interests  of  the 
men  they  were  supposed  to  represent.  Some  of 
these  leaders  may  find  that  their  dairymen  are 
not  in  sympathy  with  their  policies  or  leader¬ 
ship.  It  would  seem  that  here  is  an  opportunity 
for  this  fine  group  of  dairymen  to  set  up  their 
own  independent  cooperative,  rejoin  the  Bar¬ 
gaining  Agency,  and  run  their  own  business. 

Hard  Work  Ahead 

“When  the  days  begin  to  lengthen, 

The  cold  begins  to  strengthen.” 

LREADY  the  days  are  a  few  minutes 
longer,  so  we  know  the  sun  has  started  on 
its  long  journey  northward,  and  it  won’t  be  long 
before  planting  time  will  be  upon  us  again. 

This  year,  that  will  be  a  hard  and  hectic  time, 
with  long,  hard  hours,  too  much  to  do  and  little 
enough  time  in  which  to  do  it.  Hired  labor  will 
be  the  scarcest  in  farm  history.  It  will  be  diffi¬ 
cult  to  get  new  machinery.  Even  repairs  for  old 
machinery  will  be  hard  to  get.  So  will  some 
seeds  and  many  other  farm  supplies.  Bags  and 
all  other  containers  will  not  be  available. 

The  only  answer  to  the  problem  is  to  start 
right  now  to  plan  to  meet  it.  Seeds  for  the  flow¬ 
er  and  vegetable  gardens  and  for  the  farm 
should  be  ordered  now.  Repairs  to  machinery 
should  be  made  immediately,  and  needed  parts 
ordered  right  away.  Plans  for  the  different  crops, 
and  the  fields  and  acres  devoted  to  each,  can 


with  interest  and  profit  be  set  down  on  paper 
during  these  long  winter  evenings.  Shortcuts  in 
doing  chores  to  save  time  and  labor  should  be 
worked  out.  Inexpensive  repairs  in  the  barn  and 
in  the  home  that  will  help  to  save  time  and  labor 
are  all  very  much  to  the  point  in  these  war 
times. 

Your  country  is  asking  almost  the  impossible 
of  farmers — the  raising  of  more  food  with  less 
help  and  less  machinery  with  which  to  do  it. 
But  farmers  always  have  come  through  before, 
and  they  will  now.  Everything  we  Americans 
hold  dear  is  at  stake. 

American  Agriculturist  will  work  shoulder  to 
shoulder  with  you.  We  plan  to  keep  right  up  to 
the  minute  on  ways  the  war  affects  you  and  on 
how  to  help  you  meet  difficult  situations.  See 
page  9  this  time.  Read  every  issue. 

It  Costs  Money  to  Grow  and 
Sell  Apples 

HE  NEW  YORK  and  New  England  Ap¬ 
ple  Institute  ^quotes  a  city  editor  who  crit¬ 
icizes  apple  growers  because  apples  were  sold 
in  the  cities  for  as  much  as  4  cents  a  pound. 
“With  apples  grown  by  millions  of  pounds,” 
said  the  editor,  “in  orchards  nearby,  it  does 
seem  as  though  they  would  be  more  plentiful 
and  lower  in  price  in  stores.  Most  people  like 
apples,  but  they  like  to  get  something  more  than 
a  sample  for  their  money.” 

Here  is  another  illustration  of  the  utter  lack 
of  understanding  on  the  part  of  consumers  of 
the  high  cost  of  producing  and  marketing  food 
under  modern  conditions.  The  consumer  rides 
along  the  road  in  the  fall  and  sees  a  tree  hang¬ 
ing  full  of  apples,  and  jumps  to  the  conclusion 
that  those  apples  “just  happened.”  She  even 
thinks  sometimes  that  she  has  the  right  to  get 
out  and  pick  them.  There  is  no  understanding 
whatever  of  the  high  cost  of  setting  that  apple 
orchard  in  the  first  place,  and  of  fertilizing  and 
cultivating  it  before  there  was  a  single  apple  on 
it.  Neither  is  there  any  appreciation  of  the  fact 
of  how  diseases  and  bugs  with  which  fruit  grow¬ 
ers  and  other  farmers  have  to  contend  have  in¬ 
creased  by  leaps  and  bounds  in  recent  years,  and 
how  there  would  be  no  apples  fit  to  eat  were 
it  not  for  constant  spraying. 

Even  after  the  apples  are  grown,  the  story  is 
only  half  told.  Then  comes  the  job  of  picking 
and  packing  them  attractively  in  expensive 
packages,  and  the  high  cost  of  transportation 
and  marketing,  which  often  amounts  to  several 


CONGRATULATIONS 

My  dear  Mr.  Eastman : 

Congratulations  on  your  Jan.  3,  1942 
issue  of  A.  A.  You  promised  a  special  num¬ 
ber  to  commemorate  the  100th  birthday  of 
your  excellent  farm  magazine,  and  you 
more  than  kept  that  promise. 

Any  publication  that  can  exist  for  a  cen¬ 
tury  and  then  start  on  its  second  hundred 
years  is  certainly  founded  upon  good  sound 
principles.  It  speaks  well  for  the  founder 
and  his  successors. 

Your  paper  has  filled  a  need  on  the  farms 
and  in  the  lives  of  its  thousands  of  readers 
during  the  past  century.  May  it  be  the  will 
of  God  that  A.  A.  will  continue  to  endure 
and  thus  help  mankind. 

Again  I  congratulate  you  and  your  co¬ 
workers  on  this  100th  anniversary.— L.  M. 
B.,  Pa. 


times  more  than  the  farmer  sells  his  apples  for. 

Consumers  don’t  understand,  either,  that  one 
of  the  chief  factors  in  prices  of  foods  they  buy 
is  high  wages.  The  high  wages  start  with  those 
that  the  farmers  have  to  pay  for  their  help  to 
grow  the  crop,  and  they  are  added  to  the  cost 
of  the  product  every  one  of  the  dozens  of  times 
that  it  has  to  be  handled  before  the  consumer 
finally  gets  it. 

The  chief  answer  to  this  problem  of  criticism 
of  farm  prices  by  the  consumer  is  to  get  the 
consumer  better  informed,  through  more  edu¬ 
cational  work.  In  the  New  York  and  New  Eng¬ 
land  Apple  Institute,  154  Nassau  Street,  New 
York  City,  fruit  growers  of  the  Northeast  have 
a  fine  educational  organization  set  up  to  do  a 
good  job  in  apple  promotion.  It  is  directed  by 
some  of  the  best  apple  growers  in  the  Northeast, 
and  its  manager  is  Tom  O’Neill,  who  knows  his 
job.  What  the  Apple  Institute  lacks  to  do  the 

work  that  must  he  done  is  the  support  of  all  of 
you  producers.  f 

If  you  producers  would  make  just  a  small  de¬ 
duction  on  every  bushel  of  apples  you  sold,  for 
educational  work,  in  a  short  time  you  would  see 
apple  consumption  outdistance  oranges  in  our 
markets. 

First  Sign  of  Spring 

TODAY  I  received  my  first  bright  new  gar¬ 
den  catalog.  That  first  sign  of  spring  is  al¬ 
ways  an  event.  This  year  it  is  doubly  so,  be¬ 
cause  I  am  determined  to  raise  a  good  part  of 
the  food  for  our  family  on  my  own  place. 

Last  year  we  did  pretty  well,  putting  in  the 
cellar  some  600  jars  of  fruit,  jellies,  pickles  and 
canned  vegetables,  besides  storing  potatoes  and 
other  vegetables.  This  year  we  will  do  more,  be¬ 
cause  the  cost  of  food  will  be  nearly  double,  and 
what  we  don’t  have  to  buy  will  make  that  much 
more  food  available  to  help  win  the  war. 

This  year,  also,  we  are  planning  to  raise  and 
preserve  much  of  our  year’s  meat  supply. 

So  I  am  practicing  what  I  have  preached  for 
years  about  the  need  of  farm  folks  producing 
and  using  more  home  grown  family  supplies. 
This  year  it  is  more  necessary  than  ever. 

A  Resolution 

HE  EDITORS  of  your  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  set  out  to  make  the  last  issue,  the 
Centennial  Number,  the  best  in  its  long  life  of 
a  hundred  years.  Letters  pouring  in,  like  the  one 
in  the  center  of  this  page,  indicate  that  you 
think  we  accomplished  our  purpose. 

Now  we  have  set  ourselves  another  goal.  Dur¬ 
ing  this  great  war  emergency,  when  farmers 
need  all  the  help  they  can  get  and  more,  we 

hereby  resolve  to  make  every  issue  absolutely 

indispensable  to  every  {arm  family.  Now  won’t 

you  make  a  resolution  to  read  every  issue? 

Eastman’s  Cliostnut 

A  FARMER  was  trying  to  break  a  new  team 
of  horses  in  to  plowing,  and  was  getting 
the  worst  of  the  deal.  He  got  pulled  and  hauled 
all  over  the  lot,  and  after  a  couple  of  hours,  he 
came  pretty  near  the  end  of  his  patience.  Upon 
reaching  the  end  of  the  furrow,  the  team  swung 
around  too  fast  and  started  back  before  the 
farmer  had  his  plow  set.  Dropping  the  reins  in 
exasperation,  the  farmer  sat  down  at  the  edge 
of  the  field. 

“Go  it,  gol-durn  ya,”  he  yelled.  “The  whole 
darn  field’s  got  to  be  plowed  anyway.” 


C£™*™cti*e  Volume  139.  __  No.  2.  ^Published  every  other  Saturday*  10  North  Cherry;  St..  Poughkeepsie,  N,  Y.-Editorial  and 

under  act 
household 

circulation  manager;  V.  E.  Grover,  subscription  manager.  Subscription  price  payable  in  advance.  S  .in  a.  year  in  the  U.  S.  A.  retail  ah 


American  Agriculturist,  January  17,  1942 


5  (61) 


A  Continued  Story  by 
C.  E.  LADD  and  E.  R.  EASTMAN 


CHAPTER  XXXI. 

The  Great  American  Pie 


LIKE  PIES,  Partner,  homemade 
pies,  not  mass  production  pies — 


the  kind  that  are  fabricated  and 
conglomerated  by  a  master  cook 
without  the  aid  of  a  cook  book.  She 
rolls  out  the  dough  in  a  thin  yellow 
sheet  that  is  a  work  of  art  in  itself, 
carefully  lays  it  on  the  pie  tin,  puts 
in  the  filling,  spreads  over  the  paper- 
thin  roof,  cuts  a  decorative  series  of 
blow-off  holes  in  the  top,  holds  it  high 
on  one  hand  and  with  a  knife  cuts 
rapidly  around  the  pie  tin  to  trim  off 
the  overhang;  then  pinches  the  edges 
together  all  the  way  around  so  that 
it  can  be  identified  by  the  fingerprints, 
and  into  the  oven. 

The  best  of  pies  often  run  out  in 
the  oven  and  give  a  nice  fruity  smell 
to  the  kitchen  while  burning  fast  to 
the  oven  floor.  That  makes  the  whole 
house  smell  in  a  way  that  is  sure  to 
make  a  man’s  mouth  water. 

Now  the  staple  of  all  pies  is  the  ap¬ 
ple  pie;  the  most  luscious  to  look  at 
is  the  lemon  pie;  the  one  that  will  stay 
by  you  all  day  and  really  make  an  im¬ 
pression  upon  the  inner  man  is  the  hot 
mince  pie;  but  the  biggest  gamble  is 
the  pumpkin  pie.  At  its  best,  pumpkin 
ranks  tops  among  the  whole  pie  tribe; 
but  at  its  worst,  it  is  awful. 

I  remember  a  community  dinner  that 
I  attended  in  a  late  autumn  many 
years  ago  when,  just  before  we  sat 
down  to  eat,  one  of  the  good  sisters 
asked  if  I  liked  pumpkin  pie.  Immedi¬ 
ately  my  memory  flew  back  to  one  of 
those  delicious,  creamy-smooth,  deli¬ 
cate  brown,  mildly  seasoned  pumpkin 
pies  that  Mother  used  to  make.  Rash¬ 
ly  I  admitted  that  pumpkin  pie  was  my 
favorite;  and,  with  growing  enthusi¬ 
asm,  I  enlarged  upon  the  subject  un¬ 
til  I  was  committed  to  eating  several 
pieces. 

After  a  large  and  comfortable  meal, 
my  pumpkin  pie  arrived.  It  had  a 
pretty  top,  but  inside  it  was  full  of 
pieces  of  hard,  half-cooked  pumpkin. 
I  smiled  heroically  and  ate  it  to  the 
last  crumb.  Then  the  lady  remember¬ 
ed  that  I  liked  pumpkin  pie — I  had 
boasted  of  it— so  a  second  piece  ap¬ 
peared  from  the  same  pie,  and  after 
that  a  third.  I  should  have  had  a 
gizzard. 

After  that  experience  I  am  gun  shy 
and  cautious.  Now  when  someone  asks 
me  if  I  like  pumpkin  pie,  I  am  non¬ 
committal  until  I  have  had  the  first 
bite.  Growing  enthusiasm  is  a  fine 
thing  and  safer.  Even  then,  I  don’t 
show  my  full  enthusiasm  unless  I  can 
see  another  piece  of  the  same  pie  in 
the  distance.  Yes,  pumpkin  pie  is  the 
riskiest. 

Now  mince  pie  is  less  risky,  but  it 
isn’t  really  intended  for  frail  city  stom¬ 
achs.  You  need  to  cut  a  cord  or  two 
of  wood  on  a  cold  snowy  day  to  de¬ 
serve  mince  pie  and  to  conquer  it.  But, 
partner,  mince  is  a  real  man’s  pie. 

Of  course,  when  you  are  playing 
around  with  fancy  food  and  want  some¬ 
thing  friendly  and  entertaining,  cherry 
is  the  proper  pie,  and  it  is  one  of  the 
safest  to  order  for  it  is  rather  con¬ 
sistently  good.  Ignorant  city  folks 
know  nothing  about  elderberry  pie,  but 
anyone  who  grew  up  on  a  farm  in 
horse  and  buggy  days  can  recall  the 


delicious  taste  of  a  fine,  juicy,  sweet 
elderberry  pie.  For  discriminating 
tastes,  they  are  more  satisfactory  than 
blueberry  pies,  and  that  is  a  pretty  big 
compliment.  Before  you  commit  your¬ 
self  to  an  elderberry  pie,  just  take  a 
peek  under  the  crust  to  see  if  it  is 
juicy.  Now  a  dry  elderberry  pie — well, 
that’s  another  story. 

My  Grandmother  was  a  master  pie- 
maker.  She  had  large  yellow  crockery 
pie  dishes  to  bake  in  instead  of  tins. 
Her  crust  was  always  thin,  rather  pale, 
and  flaky.  About  twice  a  week,  she 
made  three  pies,  usually  of  at  least 
two  varieties;  and  it  was  a  great  de¬ 
light  to  us  grandchildren  to  open  the 
cupboard  door,  reach  down  on  the  bot¬ 
tom  shelf  where  pies  were  always 
kept,  and  pull  out  a  whole  uncut  pie. 
We  never  debated  what  kind  it  would 
be  or  what  kind  we  wanted.  Any  pie 
that  Grandmother  baked  was  good, 
and  we  just  took  the  first  we  came  to. 

Grandmother  loved  to  tell  a  story 
about  her  boy,  Jimmie,  when  he  was 
very  small.  Grandmother  had  baked 
a  particularly  gorgeous  pie  for  some 
special  occasion.  It  was  in  a  large 
and  deep  dish,  prepared  with  great 
care,  and  baked  exactly  right.  When 
the  pie  came  out  of  the  oven,  it  was 
so  large  and  hot  that  Grandmother  took 
it  out  into  the  cold  milk  room  and  set 
it  on  a  little  low  stool  to  cool  before 
stowing  away  in  the  pie  cupboard.  Jim¬ 
mie  wasn’t  three  years  old  yet,  but  of 
course  had  the  run  of  the  house  and 
was  very  active. 

At  noon  Grandmother  thought  she 
would  show  the  special  pie  to  the  whole 
family  for  their  admiration  before  it 


was  stowed  away.  It  must  be  cool  by 
now.  So  Grandmother  went  out  to 
the  milk  room,  picked  up  the  pie,  and 
carried  it  to  the  dinner  table  to  be  ad¬ 
mired.  But  instead,  Grandmother  gave 
a  cry  of  horror  and  disappointment,  for 
the  whole  center  of  that  beautiful 
luscious  pie  was  crushed  down  as  if 
some  heavy  weight  had  fallen  on  it. 
Grandmother  was  shocked  and  Grand¬ 
mother  was  mad.  Quickly  she  started 
around  the  table  to  solve  the  mystery. 
Had  anyone  set  something  on  the  pie; 
had  anyone  seen  someone  else  around 
that  pie  ?  Even  Grandfather  wasn’t 
exempt  and  had  to  produce  the  alibi 
that  he  had  been  at  the  barn  the  whole 
forenoon.  The  older  boys  were  feeling 
guilty  but  knew  they  weren’t.  The 
girls  were  indignant  because  of  their 
sympathy  and  understanding  of  Grand¬ 
mother’s  disappointment.  Only  Jimmie 
hadn’t  said  anything,  but  was  looking 
mighty  serious.  Finally  Grandmoth¬ 
er’s  eye  fell  on  him  and  Jimmie,  rub¬ 
bing  the  particular  spot,  said  softly, 
“I  burned  my  butt.” 

The  boys  grinned  and  then,  when 
Grandmother  began  to  smile,  they  just 
howled  for  Jimmie  was  the  youngest 
and  the  family  favorite.  The  girls  were 
a  little  shocked,  for  there  was  some¬ 
thing  that  passed  for  modesty  in  the 
horse  and  buggy  days.  Grandfather 
started  talking  about  getting  the  geese 
picked  that  afternoon,  and  Grandmoth¬ 
er  put  the  disfigured  pie  in  the  cup¬ 
board.  Jimmie’s  remark,  however,  re¬ 
mained  an  oft-quoted  family  expres¬ 
sion  for  two  generations — particularly 
since  Jimmie  himself  was  taken  from 
the  family  during  the  next  year  in 
some  epidemic  of  children’s  diseases 
that  swept  the  neighborhood. 

I  have  written  only  of  the  pies  that 
were  used  as  dessert,  but  you  will  re¬ 
member  the  pies  of  quite  another  fami¬ 
ly  and  purpose — meat  pies.  In  our 
neighborhood  they  were  made  in  the 
milk  pans  that  were  used  to  raise  the 
cream  before  the  days  of  cream  sep¬ 
arators  or  milk  shipping  stations. 
Those  six  great  milk  pans  were  very 
handy  for  many  things,  but  particularly 
good  for  large,  deep,  thick-crusted 
meat  pies.  The  church  used  to  have 
chicken  pie  suppers — not  with  little  in- 


i 


eSong  Q/’theLazy  Fat; 

^N  WINTER  days  I  like 
to  go  a-trackin’  rabbits 
thru  the  snow,  and  when 
from  out  behind  a  stump  a 
rabbit  goes  upon  the  jump, 
a  feller’s  got  to  act  right 
quick,  nor  wonder  if  the  gurv 
will  kick.  You  swing  it  up 
and  blaze  away,  you  know 
that  cottontail  won’t  stay  to 
give  you  time  for  careful 
aim.  He  knows  he’ll  have 
himself  to  blame  if  he  gits 
made  into  a  stew,  and  so  he 
gits  away  from  you  at  sixty 
miles  an  hour  or  more,  his 
legs  a-hittin’  on  all  four. 

You’ve  only  got  a  second  to 
make  up  your  mind  the 
thing  to  do,  you  shoot  right 
now,  as  like  as  not,  or  don’t 
have  rabbit  in  the  pot. 

Some  folks  sneak  up  until 
they  git  where  they  can 
shoot  ’em  on  the  sit,  but  that 
ain’t  fair,  a  rabbit  is  entitled 
to  a  break,  gee  whiz,  and 
ev’ry  one  should  have  a 

chance  to  keep  them  bird-shot  out  his  pants,  if  he  is  quicker  than  I  be, 
why  he’s  entitled  to  go  free.  Altho  I  like  a  rabbit  stew  with  dumplings 
floatin’  in  the  goo,  it  ain’t  for  food  I  like  to  go  a-trampin’  thru  the  fallen 
snow.  I  like  a  rabbit  how  and  then,  but  still  I  git  enjoyment  when  a  rabbit 
just  gits  clean  away  and  flicks  his  tail  as  if  to  say,  “A  guy  like  you 
that’s  old  and  slow  had  better  turn  about  and  go  and  wring  a  chicken’s 
neck  for  soup,  you  can’t  git  me,  so  boop-a-doop.”  Mirandy  says  I’d  do 
more  good  to  stay  at  home  a-choppin’  wood,  but  I  git  my  thrill  upon  the 
trail  of  some  elusive  cotton-tail. 


dividual  chicken  pies  like  you  get  in  a 
restaurant,  but  with  servings  of  great 
slabs  of  thick,  biscuit-like  crusts  flood¬ 
ed  with  chicken  and  gravy.  These 
servings  were  cut  from  big,  beautiful 
chicken  pies  baked  in  milk  pans. 

Then,  in  our  family,  we  had  on  New 
Year’s  Day  a  clam  pie.  It  was  made 
just  like  a  chicken  pie,  I  think,  except 
for  th^  baked  clams  in  place  of  the 
chicken  and  a  few  small  potatoes  baked 
or  boiled  in  with  the  clams  under  the 
thick  crust.  I  haven’t  seen  or  tasted 
a  clam  pie  for  years,  and  often  wonder 


Winter  Evening 

v  By  Edith  Shaw  Butler. 

Now  winter  hems  us  in  with  snow. 
For  weeks  this  whiteness  we  will  know; 
These  drifted  miles  and  brittle  air, 
This  frozen  stillness  everywhere. 

A  time  of  leisure  now  is  ours; 

Good  books  to  share  with  quiet  hours, 
A  ruddy  fire  and  corn  to  pop, 

Crisp  apples  from  October’s  crop; 
And  in  the  sky  the  stars  that  keep 
Vigil  over  winter  sleep. 


if  anyone  eats  them  nowadays  or  if 
anyone  knows  the  recipe  for  a  clam 
pie. 

One  of  our  great  joys  came  from  the 
fact  that  the  pie  maker’s  materials 
didn’t  come  out  even  at  the  end,  and 
there  was  generally  enough  left  over 
to  make  a  “turn-over”  in  a  saucer  or 
small  pie  tin.  This  could  generally  be 
requisitioned  by  a  hungry  boy  as  a 
lunch  between  meals  or  to  put  in  his 
school  lunch-box.  There  was,  of  course, 
an  unduly  large  proportion  of  crust  in 
a  turn-over,  but  yet  the  satisfaction  of 
having  a  whole  pie  to  yourself  made  up 
for  any  disadvantages.  Then,  too,  there 
were  certain  liberties  that  could  be 
taken  with  a  small  turn-over  but  im¬ 
possible  in  a  full-sized  pie.  For  in¬ 
stance,  the  time  when  we  used  an  apple 
turn-over  to  work  an  April  Fool  joke 
on  our  hired  man  A.  I.  Yes,  his  first 
name  was  A.  I.,  and  the  letters  didn’t 
stand  for  any  other  names.  His  name 
was  just  A.  I.  Southard,  and  that’s 
all  there  was  of  it. 

Well,  A.  I.  wfis  a  good  hired  man, 
and  a  fast,  efficient,  two-handed  feeder. 
Mother  furnished  him  with  both  a 
knife  and  a  fork,  so  why  should  he  al¬ 
low  either  to  lie  idle  when  there  was 
good  food  on  the  table?  Sometimes 
when  A.  I.  reached  about  the  seven¬ 
teenth  pancake,  Mother  used  to  gaze 
at  him  in  wonderment  and  I  think  con¬ 
siderable  satisfaction.  After  all,  it 
was  a  compliment  to  good  cooking. 
A.  I.  had  worked  for  us  so  long  off 
and  on  that  he  was  like  one  of  the 
family.  Then,  too,  although  A.  I.  was 
a  little  improvident  and  too  busy  en¬ 
joying  the  sunny  days  to  give  any  con¬ 
sideration  to  possible  rainy  days  in  the 
future,  his  folks  had  always  lived  in 
our  neighborhood  and  his  grandfather 
had  helped  my  great-grandfather  on 
the  farm. 

A.  I.  was  good-natured  and  loved 
to  play  a  joke  on  us  kids,  and  we  were 
always  trying  to  get  a  joke  on  him. 
It  was  almost  the  first  of  April.  Moth¬ 
er  was  baking  pies  and  we  persuaded 
her  to  allow  us  to  “load”  an  apple  turn¬ 
over  for  A.  I.  First  I  cut  two  squares 
of  cheese  cloth  and  spread  them  care¬ 
fully  through  the  apples  where  they 
would  get  well  baked  in.  Then  we 
added  a  teaspoonful  of  salt,  and  Moth¬ 
er  put  in  a  teaspoonful  of  saleratus. 
The  turn-over  was  baked  a  brownish 
yellow,  and  its  beautiful  exterior  gave 
no  hint  of  what  lay  within. 

At  dinner  on  April  Fools  Day,  Moth¬ 
er  had  baked  potatoes  with  codfish 
gravy,  fried  parsnips,  Johnny  cake, 
and  various  other  good  things,  which 
we  ate  rapidly,  anticipating  the  com¬ 
ing  of  the  dessert  and  A.  I.’s  special 
( Continued  on  Page  12) 


(62).  6 


American  Agriculturist,  January  17,  1942 


AS  A^^IELU  US 


To  Win  the  War 


Cocolamus,  P<*- 

QentkmZn '  ,  / afterward  / 

/  anumkrof^  J//e!  from^t 

iff  stock  ever iXvJrl,  «*'«**&£»  started 

herd  and  in  fm  ahnq  for  severe! 

safe  ft  iffdl  to freshen m  *«  **  ^ 

m0t» ^areits  the  creMjantafaSfo^ 


Healthy  Digestion  and 
Assimilation  Brings 
Better  yields... wards  off 
costly  Cow  Failures 

THE  functions  of  turning 
heavy  feeds  into  profitable 
milk  yields,  and  of  producing 
regular,  healthy  calves  are  im¬ 
possible  unless  digestion  and 
assimilation  are  going  along  at 
a  vigorous  pace.  When  stamina 
begins  to  lag,  the  first  visible 
signs  are  sluggish  yield,  inter¬ 
rupted  breeding  and  “off  feed” 
milkers.  To  build  back  to  vig¬ 
orous  routine,  let  the  first  dan¬ 
ger  sign  warn  you  to  build  up 
digestion  and  assimilation. The 
Iron,  Iodine  and  medicinal  in¬ 
gredients  of  Kow-Kare  include 
those  active  in  Tonic,  Stom¬ 
achic,  Carminative,  Laxative, 
Diuretic  and  Alterative  prop¬ 
erties.  Taken  together  this  fa- 


TONIC  and 

DAIRY  ASS’N  CO.,  INC. 


mous  formula  is  designed  to 
promote  healthy  functioning 
of  productive  and  reproduc¬ 
tive  organs  of  cows  on  heavy 
winter  diet  and  close  housing. 

Users  of  Kow-Kare  are  loud  in 
their  praise  of  its  visible  benefits, 
and  with  the  national  urge  for  more 
and  more  dairy  production,  with 
high  prices  for  milk,  this  is  a  time 
to  fight  slackening  of  yield  and 
disrupting  disorders.  Begin  now  to 
feed  Kow-Kare  ...  a  little  with 
the  regular  feed  is  a  plain  common- 
sense  precaution.  Sold  by  feed, 
drug  and  general  stores  (postpaid 
if  dealer  is  not  supplied).  $1.25 
and  65 sizes. 

FREE  Cow  Book 

An  eminent  veterinarian  has  writ¬ 
ten  a  valuable  treatise  on  cow  ail¬ 
ments.  “Home  Aids  to  Cow 
Health”  is  a  book  you  should  have 
.  .  .  and  it’s  free.  32  pages  packed 
with  helpful  hints  for  every  dairy¬ 
man.  Send  for  your  copy 
today. 


IODINE  is  a  vital  food  ele¬ 
ment  that  is  deficient  in  forage 
crops  over  much  of  the  country. 

Kow-Kare  now  contain,  (in 

prescribed  dosage)  the  amount  oi 
assimilable  Iodine  approved  by 
the  Iodine  Educational  Bureau. 


ctdPcc^  /nfoie 

CONDITIONER 

Dept.  12  ,  LYNDONVILLE,  VT. 


Milt 


■HARRIS  SUDS- 

BEST  FOR  THE  NORTH 


WE  HAVE  THESE  VIGOROUS  EARLY  STRAINS  OF 

Tomatoes,  Peppers,  Sweet  Corn,  Muskmelons, 

Cniiach  Daatc  ot«*  which  insure  success  for  gardeners 
olJUaoll,  Dcclo,  whose  seasons  are  short. 

Our  northern-grown  stocks  are  noted  everywhere  for  their 
vitality,  fine  Quality,  and  high  yield. 

Our  Catalog  of  the  best  flowers  and  vegetables  is  well  worth 
having.  Send  for  yours  today — and  to  insure  getting  the  best 
seed,  order  direct  by  mail  from  our  seed  farm. 

If  you  grow  for  market,  ask  for  the  Market 
Gardeners  and  Florists  Price  List. 


New  York  State  Certified  Joseph  Harris  Co.,  Inc.,  29  Moreton  Farm,  Rochester, N.Y. 


PRITCHARD’S  SCARLET  TOPPER 


1942  CATALOG  rtOWAwdjjf- 


How  New  York  State’s  New  Division 
of  Commerce  is  Helping 

♦  y 

By  Commissioner  M.  P.  Catherwood 


THE  State  of  New  York  took  new 
steps  in  1941  to  protect  its  posi¬ 
tion  of  leadership  among  the  industrial 
states  of  the  Union.  With  the  organi¬ 
zation  of  the  Division  of  Commerce  on 
May  1,  the  Empire  State  officially 
recognized  and  set  out  to  deal  with  cer¬ 
tain  growing  economic  and  industrial 
problems.  At  the  same  time  it  enter¬ 
ed  a  field  which  has  long  been  occupied 
by  other  states. 

For  many  years  the  number  of  states 
engaged  in  officially  sponsored  pro¬ 
grams  of  industrial  and  business  de¬ 
velopment  has  been  steadily  increas¬ 
ing.  These  programs  have  included 
functions  which  ranged  from  the  single 
task  of  stimulating  tourist  business  to 
the  wide  and  varied  programs  which 
are  designed  to  attract  not  only  visi¬ 
tors,  but  also  industries  and  residents. 

New  York  State  now,  however,  has 
an  agency  which  is  designed  to  develop 
its  industries  while  conserving  and 
utilizing  efficiently  the  full  resources 
of  the  state.  Creation  of  the  Division 
of  Commerce  resulted  from  recommen¬ 
dations  of  Governor  Herbert  H.  Leh¬ 
man  and  the  Joint  Legislative  Commit¬ 
tee  on  Industrial  and  Labor  Conditions, 
of  which  Assemblyman  Irving  M.  Ives 
is  chairman. 

The  law  by  which  this  Division  of 
the  Executive  Department  came  into 
being  gives  it  twenty-three  specific 
functions,  which  fall  into  the  following 
general  groups: 

1.  To  study  and  undertake  means  of 
promoting  the  development  and  pro¬ 
tection  of  New  York  State  busi¬ 
ness,  industry  and  commerce. 

2.  To  serve  as  a  research  agency  for 
business  and  government. 

3  To  publicize  the  material  and  eco¬ 
nomic  advantages  of  the  state  and 
to  conduct  a  program  for  the  attrac¬ 
tion  of  tourists  and  industry. 

In  order  to  implement  this  broad 
program,  the  Division  of  Commerce  is 
organized  in  three  bureaus: 

1.  The  Bureau  of  Industry. 

2.  The  Bureau  of  Planning. 

3.  The  Bureau  of  Publicity. 

The  Bureau  of  Industry  has  rendered 
various  helpful  services  to  the  state’s 
industrial  interests,  most  of  them  at 
present,  of  course,  connected  with  the 
national  emergency.  An  outstanding 
example  is  its  sponsorship  of  the  now 
well-known  “New  York  State  Plan  for 
Defense  Production,”  commonly  refer¬ 
red  to  as  the  “defense  clinic.”  Through 
these  clinics,  conducted  in  the  principal 
industrial  areas  of  the  state,  the  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Industry  succeeded  in  bringing 
together  scores  of  the  nation’s  holders 
of  prime  federal  government  war  con¬ 
tracts  and  representatives  of  many 
hundreds  of  smaller  factories  and 
shops. 

As  a  result  of  these  clinics,  much 
subcontracting  work  that  otherwise 
might  have  gone  elsewhere  has  been 
spread  throughout  a  great  many  in¬ 
dustrial  regions  of  the  state. 

The  Bureau  of  Industry  is  the  state’s 
official  clearing  house  and  “nerve 
center”  of  industrial  problems.  Hav¬ 
ing  compiled  a  list  of  3,000  machine 
tool  shops  with  detailed  information  of 
their  equipment,  it  has  been  able  to 
establish  a  valuable  “Referral  Defense 
Subcontract  Service.”  This  service  is 
being  used  more  and  more  by  the  large 
war  material  manufacturers  who  seek 
shops  where  certain  parts  of  their  work 


can  be  handled. 

Knotty  problems  created  by  priori¬ 
ties  have  been  receiving  the  attention 
of  the  Bureau  of  Industry.  Delay  in 
approval  in  some  instances  menaced 
the  industrial  life  of  entire  communi¬ 
ties  and  in  other  places  threatened  de¬ 
lay  in  manufacturing  schedules  which 
might  prove  disastrous.  Through  ad¬ 
vice,  consultation,  field  surveys  and 
actual  follow-through  by  its  represen¬ 
tative  in  Washington,  the  Division  has 
done  much  to  prevent  and  minimize 
these  industrial  dislocations. 

The  Bureau  of  Planning  is  primarily 
concerned  with  obtaining  information 
and  facts  not  readily  available  other¬ 
wise  about  trends  in  industry,  statis¬ 
tical  facts,  and  sound  community  de¬ 
velopment.  From  its  industrial  sur¬ 
veys,  it  equips  its  companion  Bureau 
of  Industry  with  essential  information 
for  the  promotion  of  the  state’s  indus¬ 
tries.  It  developed  the  machine  tool 
industry  survey  and  has  been  keeping 
abreast  of  the  awarding  of  all  defense 
contracts  placed  in  New  York  State. 

Of  great  importance  to  industry  and 
defense  was  the  Bureau  of  Planning’s 
preparation  of  a  comprehensive  indus¬ 
trial  directory  of  New  York  State, 
containing  much  information  that  can¬ 
not  be  found  elsewhere.  This  directory 
lists  approximately  28,000  manufactur¬ 
ing  plants  in  New  York  State  employ¬ 
ing  five  or  more  persons,  and  ap¬ 
proximately  23,000  establishments  in 
selected  non-manufacturing  industries. 
The  information  provided  for  each  firm 
includes  name,  address,  number  of  em¬ 
ployees,  and,  in  manufacturing  estab¬ 
lishments,  the  name  of  the  proprietor 
and  principal  product. 

A  comprehensive  statistical  analysis 
of  recent  trends  in  important  indus¬ 
tries  in  New  York  State  has  been  pub¬ 
lished  by  the  Bureau  of  Planning.  It 
compares  trends  in  108  of  the  leading 
manufacturing  industries  in  New  York 
with  trends  in  similar  industries  in  oth¬ 
er  states.  A  summary  of  the  trends 
in  each  industry  and  of  the  statistics 
compiled  is  available  in  the  publication, 
“Recent  Trends  in  Important  Industries 
in  New  York.” 

The  Bureau  of  Planning  maintains 
in  its  files  detailed  information  con¬ 
cerning  idle  plants  available  for  indus¬ 
trial  and  defense  use  in  New  York 
State.  These  are  classified  according  to 
geographic  location  and  industry,  which 
may  prove  of  great  value  as  industrial 
war  efforts  are  expanded.  A  sum¬ 
marized  listing  of  these  plants  may  be 
( Continued  on  Page  12) 


“C’mere,  Pete.  We’ve  always 
wondered  what  it  looks  like!” 


American  Agriculturist,  January  17,  1942 


7  (63) 


Young  Committee  Seeks 
7  Changes  in  Milk  Order 


AS  THIS  issue  of  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  reaches  you,  hearings  on 
proposed  amendments  to  the  Milk  Mar¬ 
keting  Order  for  New  York  City  are 
still  in  progress.  The  dates  for  hearings, 
as  announced  by  the  U.  S.  Department 
of  Agriculture,  are:  January  7  to  9,  St. 
George  Hotel,  Brooklyn;  January  12  to 
14,  Hotel  Martin,  Utica;  January  15  to 
17,  Hotel  Arlington,  Binghamton. 

At  present,  no  dairyman  knows  ex¬ 
actly  what  the  amendments,  on  which 
he  is  to  vote  later,  will  cover.  It  is 
quite  obvious  that  they  will  not  agree 
with  all  of  the  requests  made  for  re¬ 
visions.  Some  groups  want  one  thing 
and  others  want  the  exact  opposite. 
It  will  be  up  to  the  Department  of 

Agriculture  to  hear  the  evidence  and 

then  decide  what  to  include  in  the 

amendments  that  will  be  submitted  to 

dairymen  for  a  vote. 

On  December  30,  delegates  of  the 
Metropolitan  Cooperative  Milk  Produc¬ 
ers’  Bargaining  Agency  met  at  Syra¬ 
cuse.  A  considerable  part  of  the  after¬ 
noon  meeting  was  taken  up  by  a  dis¬ 
cussion  of  the  proposed  amendments. 
Dr.  Charles  Blanford,  formerly  of  the 
N.  Y.  State  College  of  Agriculture  and 
now  with  the  Dairy  Section  of  the  U. 
S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  did  an 
excellent  job  of  explaining  the  propos¬ 
als  briefly  but  clearly. 

The  Young  Committee,  made  up  of 
representatives  from  each  of  the  five 
dairy  groups  in  the  Milk  Shed,  have 
submitted  22  proposals.  However,  these 
22  proposals  really  seek  to  make  7 
changes  in  the  Order.  Here  they  are: 

1.  Increase  the  Class  I  price  of  milk  to 
$3.86  per  hundred  for  3.5  milk  in  the 
201-210  mile  zone. 

Present  Class  I  price  is  $3.11  but  un¬ 
less  the  Order  is  amended  the  price  (at 
present  butter  prices)  will  drop  back 
to  $2.40  on  April  1.  It  is  proposed,  also, 
that  some  form  of  a  flexible  price  index 
be  included  in  the  Order  which  would 
automatically  increase  prices  as  costs 
of  production  increased.  While  we  do 
not  hear  so  much  about  it,  such  an 
index  would  also  decrease  milk  prices 
if  costs  go  down. 

2.  Include  in  the  Metropolitan  milk 
marketing  area  some  of  the  smaller 
cities  in  Southeastern  New  York  State, 
New  Jersey,  and  Pennsylvania. 

Those  who  favor  this  idea  explain  it 
as  follows:  Dealers  in  these  smaller 
cities  intend  to  buy  only  about  as  much 
milk  as  they  can  sell  in  bottles.  The 
balance  goes  to  the  Metropolitan  area. 
Therefore  the  Metropolitan  area  is  tak¬ 
ing  care  of  more  than  its  share  of  the 
surplus,  while  smaller  cities  in  the 
marketing  area  are  taking  care  of  less 
than  their  share. 

It  is  generally  admitted  that  New 
York  City  does  have  some  cause  for 
complaint  here.  It  is  believed  that  the 
proposed  amendment  will  partially  cor¬ 
rect  the  situation.  In  addition,  some  be¬ 
lieve  it  will  increase  the  blend  price 
slightly. 

3.  Provide  that  dairymen  be  paid  for 
milk  twice  a  month  instead  of  once  a 
month  as  at  present. 

Most  dairymen  will  no  doubt  approve 
of  this.  Dealers  have  argued  in  the 
past  that  it  would  add  to  their  book¬ 
keeping,  but  we  suspect  that  if  such  a 
change  is  put  up  for  the  vote  of  dairy¬ 
men,  it  will  receive  overwhelming  ap¬ 
proval. 

4.  Set  up  a  formula  for  pricing  skim 
milk. 

This  is  essential  because  the  New 
York  City  Board  of  Health  recently 
legalized  the  sale  of  skim  milk  in  bot¬ 
tles  to  city  consumers.  Skim  milk,  of 
course,  will  be  sold  for  what  it  is  and 


at  a  lower  price  than  whole  milk.  It 
is  believed  that  this  milk  at  a  reason¬ 
able  price  will  improve  the  diets  of 
many  New  York  City  families. 

5.  Change  the  schedule  of  payments  to 
cooperatives. 

There  has  been  some  dissatisfaction 
on  the  part  of  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture  officials  with  the  way  coopera¬ 
tive  payments  have  worked  out.  Co¬ 
operative  payments,  say  these  men, 
were  designed  to  foster  cooperation 
and  to  give  cooperatives  an  incentive 
to  increase  their  services.  There  is  a 
distinct  feeling  among  some  coopera¬ 
tive  association  leaders  that  changes 
must  be  made  in  the  cooperative  pay¬ 
ments  or  they  may  be  lost  entirely. 

In  the  changes  proposed  by  the 
Young  Committee,  no  specific  rate  of 
payment  is  suggested;  but  instead  of 
grouping  cooperatives  into  three  di¬ 
visions  with  different  rates  of  coopera¬ 
tive  payments  as  is  done  at  present, 
the  cooperatives  would  be  sub-divided 
into  six  groups  according  to  the  ser¬ 
vices  they  perform. 

6.  Changing  the  several  cream  classi¬ 
fications  and  adding  new  ones,  as  well 
as  setting  up  new  formulae  for  pricing 
cream. 

In  general,  the  aim  is  to  allow  cream 
to  be  sold  in  competitive  markets,  thus 
increasing  rather  than  losing  cream 
markets. 

While  various  groups  did  not  agree 
on  what  should  be  done,  there  was  gen¬ 
eral  agreement  that  something  should 
be  done  about  classification  and  pric¬ 
ing  of  cream.  In  recent  months  good 
markets  have  been  lost  because  cream 
from  other  areas  could  be  bought  for 
less  money. 

7.  Open  the  door  for  a  possible  method 
of  production  adjustment. 

No  specific  amendment  is  proposed, 
but  the  door  was  left  open  for  the  tak¬ 
ing  of  testimony  at  the  hearings.  Rea¬ 
son  for  such  action  is  this.  For  some 
time  New  York  City  officials  have  been 
complaining  about  the  extra  surplus 
that  the  city  has  been  handling  and 
have  been  threatening  to  reduce  the 
size  of  the  New  York  Milk  Shed.  First 
a  committee,  appointed  by  the  Mayor, 
proposed  that  the  City  Board  of  Health 
refuse  inspection  to  dairies  in  some 
areas  on  the  edge  of  the  Milk  Shed. 
Later  the  City  Board  of  Health  sug¬ 
gested  that  inspection  be  denied  to  a 
hundred  of  the  smaller  plants  located 
at  random  throughout  the  Milk  Shed. 
There  was  danger  that  this  latter  pro¬ 
posal  would  go  into  effect  January  1, 
1942;  so  Bargaining  Agency  officials 
talked  with  the  City  Health  Depart¬ 
ment  officials  and  secured  the- promise 
that  the  City  Board  of  Health  would 
take  no  action  until  dairymen  had  an 
opportunity  to  propose  some  solution 
to  the  problem. 

The  Board  of  Health  is,  in  effect,  say¬ 
ing,  “You  producers  do  something 
about  this  or  we  will.”  Some  producers 
feel  that  the  inclusion  of  the  smaller 
cities  in  the  marketing  area  as  already 
mentioned  will  tend  to  correct  some 
of  the  trouble,  but  they  believe  that 
this  will  not  entirely  satisfy  the  city 
officials.  City  officials  argue  that  under 
the  war  stimulus,  dairymen  will  pro¬ 
duce  more  and  more  milk,  that  the  in¬ 
creased  surplus  will  bring  down  the 
blend  price,  and  that  this  will  be  fol¬ 
lowed  by  requests  on  the  part  of  pro¬ 
ducers  to  boost  the  Class  I  price  still 
higher. 

One  suggestion  that  has  been  made 
is  that  dairymen  be  paid  on  a  base 
surplus  plan,  giving  a  premium  to  the 
man  who  produces  about  the  same 
amount  each  month  and  penalizing 
slightly  those  who  produce  much  more 
( Continued  on  Page  15) 


does  a  calf  know 

HOW  TO  MILK . 


^L/044>  a*  ^aSt'  a*t6r  °V6r 

V  *  a  quarter  century  of 

experience  and  study,  Universal  has  per¬ 
fected  a  remarkable  new  teat  cup  that 
duplicates  the  true  sucking,  massaging 
action  of  a  calf's  mouth  with  amazing 
accuracy.  It  milks  fast  and  dry  —  it's 
gentle  and  safe  —  cows  take  to  it  at 
once.  There's  nothing  else  like  it. 


040 


Universal 


SHORT  TUBE 


STANDARD 


MILKING 


in  ALL  Universal  Milkers 


Whether  you  prefer  a  short  tube  milker,  standard  pail 
type  or  portable  —  you  can  now  buy  a  Universal 
with  "Calf  Nose"  milking,  and  ALL  the  features  you 
want  in  a  milker:  low  vacuum  —  dependable  action 
—lifetime  construction — sanitary,  easy-to-clean  design. 
Only  Universal  offers  you  a  COMPLETE  line  of  milk¬ 
ers  to  suit  every  need.  Only  Universal  gives  you 
" Calf  Nose"  milking.  Get  set  to  produce  MORE  milk 
—  with  LESS  help  —  this  year  and  for  many  years 
to  come.  Find  out  about  the  new  Universals  now. 

THE  UNIVERSAL  MILKING  MACHINE  CO. 

Department  AA  •  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


JUICE 
TIGHT! 


Wood  is  the  proven, 
best  material  in  which 
to  cure  and  keep  silage. 

But  only  the  Unadilla  has 
the  patented  lock  dowell- 
ing  and  Y-type  anchors  that 
tie  the  entire  silo  into  a  Juice- 
■tight  —  windproof  —  enduring 
structure.  With  fair  care  it 
should  outlast  any  other  silo. 
Save  the  Juice!  It  contains  valu¬ 
able  body  and  bone  building 
mineral  food.  Sure-grip,  sure- 
step,  door-front  ladder  assures 
convenience  and  safety. 

Write  today  for  catalog  and  early- 
order  low  prices.  Unadilla  Silo  Co., 
Box  B,  Unadilla,  N.  Y. 

AGENTS  WANTED  —  for  Open  Territory. 


Marietta  Super -Construction  Con¬ 
crete  Stave  Silos — built  stronger  to 
last  longer  —  of  clean  aggregate. 
(No  quarry  refuse  that  BURNS.) 
Special  hooping  for  Hay  —  also 
makes  strongest  Silo  for  Corn. 
Acid-resisting  cement  sealed. 
Tapered-type,  fit-tight  doors.  .  .  . 
Pays  for  itself  over  and  over,  in 
food  values  saved.  .  .  .  Write  near¬ 
est  office  —  TODAY  —  for  full 
Information. 


MARIETTA  CONCRETE  CORP 

Marietta,  0.  ( Dept Baltimore.  Mri. 
Schenectady.  N.Y.  Lilesville,  N.C. 


MAI  IG  LISTS 


GETOUR  FREE 

REFERENCE 
BOOK  ami 

MAILING 

LIST  CATALOG 


Gives  counts  and  prices  on  accurate  guaranteed 
mailing  lists  of  all  classes  of  business  enter¬ 
prises  in  the  U.  S.  Wholesalers — Retailers— 
Manufacturers  by  classification  and  state.  Also 
hundreds  of  selections  of  individuals  such  as 
professional  men,  auto  owners,  income  lists,  etc. 
Write  today  for  your  copy 


R.L.  POLK&CO. 

Polk  Bldg.— Detroit,  Mich. 
Branches  in  Principal  Cities 
World’s  Largest  City  Directory  Publishers 

Mailing  List  Compilers.  Business  Statis¬ 
tics.  Producers  of  Direct  Mail  Advertising. 


I  »npc  CTnfK'  new — used  tractor  parts  for  sale 
Lnl\uu  J  l  v IV  nheao.  Order  nearest  branch, 

Galesburg,  III. 


cheap.  Order 

Catalog  free. 

IRVING’S  TRACTOR  LUG  CO. 


Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


ECONOMY  SILOS 


SAVE  FEED , 
LABOR ,  MONEY 


i 

Order  Early,  Avoid  Rising  Prices 

“My  Economy  Silo  sure  does  save  in 
feed,  labor  and  money!’’  says  C.A.C.. 
Pennsylvania  farmer.  An  Economv 
Silo  on  your  farm  can  help  save  vou 
money  and  trouble.  Large,  air-tight, 
easy-entrance  doors,  no  nails,  non¬ 
rot  base  anchor.  Guaranteed. 
SPECIAL,  NEW  DAIRYMAN’S  SILO 
Send  post-card  now  for  free  catalog 
prices  and  discounts. 

JOHN  A.  COLE 

Dept.  B,  Box  661,  Kingston,  N.  Y. 


WOOD  •  CONCRETE  •  TILE  •  METAL 


(64) 


8 


American  Agriculturist,  January  17,  1942 


-HARRIS  SEEDS 


BEST  FOR  THE  NORTH 


We  specialize  in  growing  the  best  early  strains  for  growers 
wkose  seasons  are  short. 

SWEET  CORN  PEPPERS  SQUASH 

MUSK  MELONS  TOMATOES  BEETS,  ETC. 

Our  varieties  are  noted  everywhere  for  earliness,  superior 
quality  and  best  yields. 

All  of  the  finest  varieties  of  vegetables  and  flowers  are  described  and 
illustrated  in  our  1942  catalogue.  Send  for  Your  Free  Copy  Today  and 
order  by  mail  direct  front  our  Seed  Farms. 

If  you  grow  for  market,  ask  for  the  Market 
Gardeners  and  Florists  Price  List. 

joseph  Harris  Co.,  Inc.,  28  Moreton  Farm,  Rochester, N.Y. 

1042  catalog  imvAeadtj-  — 


SENECA  “60”  EARLIEST  SWEET  CORN 

First  corn  of  the  season.  Sixty  days  from 
planting  to  eating  if  weather  is  favorable. 

2  to  3  ears  per  stalk.  Fine  for  home  garden; 
a  money-maker  for  the  market  gardener. 

Mail  a  postal  card  today  for  your  copy  of 
our  illustrated,  descriptive  vegetable  and 
flower  seed  catalogue. 

HOBSON  SEED  FARMS 

Box  36,  Hall,  N.  Y 


STRAWBERRIES 

pAYALLEN’S  BERRY  BOOK. 

*  *  describes  best  early  me¬ 
dium,  late  and  everbearing  varie¬ 
ties.  Tells  how  to  grow  big  lus¬ 
cious  berries  for  home  and  mar¬ 
ket.  Copy  Free.  Write  Today. 

W.  F.  ALLEN  COMPANY 
17  Evergreen  Ave.,  Salisbury,  Md. 


Grimm,  Cossack,  and  Ladak  Alfalfa;  Sweet,  Red  and 
Alsike  Clovers;  Timothy,  Bromus,  Crested  Wheat,  other 
grasses.  Grimm  Alfalfa  Association,  Fargo,  N.  D. 
501)  cooperating  growers. 


and  FREE  instruction  books'are  yours. 


o  BOTH  GIVEN 


Get  BOTH  hand 
some  instruments 
NOW.  Just  send 
name  and  address. 
WE  TRUST  YOU 
with  30  pkts.  of 
seed  to  sell  at  10c 
pkt.,  return  money 
collected  to  us  and 
BOTH  instruments 
Write  today. 


Lancaster  County  Seed  Co.  Sta  242,  Paradise,  Pa. 


6 ay  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 


For  Your 

BUFFALO  HEADQUARTERS 

You’ll  want  a  hotel  that’s  friendly 
that’s  comfortable  ....  that’s  centrally 
located.  Stop  at  Hotel  Lafayette  —  the  ren¬ 
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hotel  is  famous  for  comfort,  fine  foods — and 
moderate  prices.  Single  rooms,  $2.50  up: 
double,  $4.00  up.  Special  rates  for  4  or  more. 
Write  for  Folder  F-10. 


LAFAYETTE 

BUFFALO.  N.Y.  — 

K  .  A  .  KELLY  AA  A.  N  A  G'  E.  R 


In  Case  of  a 

BLACKOUT 

—  In  Your  Family 

What  provision  has  been  made  to 
care  for  your  family  in  case  of  that 
most  dreaded  of  all  blackouts — the  loss 
of  a  family  head? 


You  can  plan  now  to  have  a  liberal 
check  delivered  immediately  to  your 
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month  thereafter  for  as  long  a  period 
as  you  decide. 

This  unusual  protection  is  available 
to  you  and  your  family  under  our 
“Clean-Up  and  Income  Continuation 
Plan.”  We  will  be  glad  to  send  you 
complete  details  by  return  mail. 

Write  for  an  outline  and  details  of 
this  plan  at  your  age. 


FARMERS  AND  TRADERS 
LIFE  INSURANCE  CO. 

HOME  OFFICE-SYRACUSE,  N.Y. 


Organized  in  1912  Assets  $11,003,966 


For  better  crops,  bigger 
yields  try  GROWMORE 
Selected  and  Adapted  Seeds — 
famous  for  QUALITY  since 
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of  nearest  GROWMORE  repre¬ 
sentative. 

GARDNER  SEED  CO.,  Inc. 
39  Spencer  St.,  Rochester,  N.Y. 


FINEST 

SEEDS 

FOR  47  YRS. 


The  Choice  of  Progressive  Farmers 


— "’crapes 

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v  Plant  strong,  healthy,  upland-grown  * 
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Apples,  Pears,  Plums,  Peaches,  Cher- 

►  ries.  Grapes,  Berries.  Bearing-age  trees  i 
available  if  desired.  Also  Dwarf  Apples 

►  and  Pears.  New  Catalog  gives  full 
descriptions.  Order  with  confi-  /sc<£?/ 

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refunded  if  you  aren’t  satisfied.  L/fP'" I  . 

SEND  FOR»>  " 

•-Kelly  Bros.  Nurseries,  217  Maple  St.,  Dansvtlle,  N.  Y.< 

^  ^  ^  A.  A.  A  A  ^  A. 


Write  for  Free  Catalog  and  send  us  your 
requirements  on 


Apple,  Peach,  Pear,  Plum  and  Cherry  Trees 

MaloneyTrees  are  Northern  Grown  and  hardy. 
They  cost  no  more  than  other  stock.  Satisfac¬ 
tion  guaranteed  by  this  58  Year  Old  Concern. 

MALONEY  BROS.  NURSERY  CO.,  Inc. 
50  MAIN  STREET,  DANSVILLE.  N.  Y. 


SEND  FOR  FREE  CATALOG 


Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


THE  NEW,  IMPROVED 


ECONOMICALLY  MEETS  EVERY 
SMALL-FARM  POWER  NEED 


See  this  new  Bl-3  ROTOTILLER.  A  complete 
small-farm  operating  unit.  It  will  amaze  you. 
Built  to  exacting  automotive  standards.  Fast 
rotating  tines  plow,  disc,  harrow,  smooth— all 
in  one  operation.  Tills  deep,  breaks  hard  sod, 
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equipment.  Assures  better 
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tion.  Thousandsinuse.  Write 
now  for  FREE  illustrated 
folder.  No  obligation. 

ROTOTILLER,  INC. 
TROY,  N.  Y.  DEPT.  Q 


The  Vegetable  Seed 


Situation 

ONCE  more  the  vegetable  seed  situa¬ 
tion  is  somewhat  disrupted,  not  so 
much  by  the  absence  of  imports  as 
through  unfavorable  growing  and  cur¬ 
ing  conditions  in  our  own  country.  No 
simple  statement  can  tell  the  whole 
story.  Some  kinds  are  in  perfectly 
adequate  supply,  others  are  seriously 
short.  Carrots,  onions,  beets,  and  spin¬ 
ach  represent  the  most  serious  scarci¬ 
ties.  Also,  there  are  wide  differences 
in  the  supply  of  varieties,  Detroit  beets 
being  ( scarcer  than  Crosby.  Nantes 
carrots  are  definitely  short  as  are  the 
Early  Yellow  onions. 

The  shortages  in  general  are  serious 
enough  to  require  some  adjustment  on 
the  part  of  commercial  growers  and 
perhaps  by  home  gardeners.  After  all, 
however,  there  is  going  to  be  enough 
seed  to  raise  all  the  vegetables  that 
we  ought  to  plant,  ^ome  changes  in 
plans  may  be  necessary  as  to  crops 
and  varieties. 

Commercial  planters  of  vegetables 
will  find  the  general  vegetable  seed 
price  level  materially  increased.  These 
increases  are  very  irregular,  for  ex¬ 
ample,  cauliflower  is  down  about  ten 
per  cent.  Carrot  and  beet  seed  are 
more  than  doubled  in  price.  Onion  seed 
is  up  around  fifty  per  cent,  and  cucum¬ 
ber  seed  nearly  as  much.  Other  items 
are  up  from  five  to  thirty  per  cent. 
Increases  are  brought  about  not  only 
by  shortages,  but  also  by  increased  cost 
of  production  and  handling. 

Home  gardeners  will  find  some  rises 
in  seed  costs.  Plans  need  not  be  seri¬ 
ously  disturbed,  as  the  amount  of  food 
to  be  had  from  a  garden  far  outweighs 
the  seed  investment. 

Commercial  planters  will  need  to 
consider  costs  pretty  carefully.  While 
it  is  normally  true  that  the  seed  cost 
per  acre  is  an  important  part  of  the 
total  investment  with  peas,  beans  and 
spinach,  which  give  relatively  low  gross 
return  per  acre,  it  is  also  true  that 
with  most  of  our  crops  the  seed  invest¬ 
ment  is  small.  The  current  marked 
rise  in  the  price  of  cabbage  seed  means 
much  less  to  the  farmer  than  a  cor¬ 
responding  increase  in  pea  and  bean 
seed,  which  actually  have  not  gone  up 
very  much  so  far. 

It  is  even  more  important  than  usual 
to  deal  with  dependable  seed  houses. 
The  better  houses  are  well  informed  on 
the  situation  and  are  striving  to  serve 
their  regular  customers  and  to  keep 
prices  on  as  fair  a  basis  as  possible. 

Planters  should  consider  very  care¬ 
fully  rate  of  sowing,  using  minimum 
quantities  that  may  be  counted  upon 
for  a  good  stand.  Equally  harmful  are 
errors  in  sowing  too  little.  Careful  at¬ 
tention  to  moisture,  even  depth,  uni¬ 
form  coverage,  and  preparation  of  the 
soil  are  important  at  all  times,  and 
especially  under  current  conditions. 

Seed  from  previous  years  should  be 
tested  for  germination  and  used  if 
viability  is  reasonably  good.  Where  a 
substantial  quantity  of  seed  is  involv¬ 
ed,  commercial  growers  may  call  upon 
the  seed  laboratory  at  the  New  York 
Experiment  Station  at  Geneva  for  test¬ 
ing  service. 

— a.  a. — 

We  Grow  Celery 

Y  GARDEN  suggestion  is  a  minor 
one,  but  it  is  worth  considering. 
This  is  it:  Many  farmers  who  raise  an 
adequate  supply  of  other  vegetables 
have  never  tried  celery. 

The  really  thrifty  way  is  to  sow  the 
seeds  early,  in  the  house,  but  100  plants 
may  be  bought  at  planting  time  for 
50  cents.  Last  year  this  made  a  lib¬ 
eral  supply  for  our  family  of  three. 
My  husband  insists  I  began  using  the 
leaves  for  soup  before  he  could  get  the 
plants  set  out  in  the  garden!  It  would 


By  Paul  ‘WosiJz 

have  cost  at  least  $5.00  to  have  bought 
this  amount  of  celery  from  the  stores 
and  it  would  not  have  been  as  crisp 
and  sweet  as  the  home  grown. 

Celery  is  easily  grown  in  a  well-fer¬ 
tilized  4  inch  trench.  It  may  be  blanch¬ 
ed  by  hilling  dirt  up  around  it  and 
keeps  perfectly  when  stored  in  sand  in 
the  cellar.  It  gets  whiter  in  the  cellar 
and  evidently  continues  growing,  too, 
for  while  the  outer  leaves  become  limp 
and  drop  off  before  spring,  we  seem  to 
take  out  larger  heads  than  we  put  in. 

Celery  is  a  valuable  protective  green 
vegetable.  It  improves  almost  any 
salad,  is  really  the  making  of  soups 
and  stews,  and  is  delicious  creamed. 

Try  it,  too,  in  canned  soup.  Our  cans 
look  appetizing  and  gay  with  the  sep¬ 
arate  layers  of  vegetables  showing 
through  the  glass.  First  a  layer  of 
celery,  then  tomatoes,  peas,  onions, 
corn,  carrots,  a  thin  layer  of  chopped 
peppers,  then  string  beans  and  another 
layer  of  celery  for  good  measure.  Per¬ 
haps  it  is  partly  the  memory  of  the 
golden  days  in  summer  when  we  gath¬ 
ered  these  vegetables  from  the  garden 
and  sat  in  the  warm  sunshine  to  cut 
them  up,  but  no  other  canned  soup 
ever  tasted  quite  so  fresh  and  good. 

— Mrs.  Paul  Townsend. 


Ladlno  White  Clover 


By  R.  B.  CHILD. 

In  1936,  Norman  Chittenden  seeded 
a  mixture  containing  ladino  white  clov¬ 
er  on  a  hill  pasture  overlooking  the 
village  of  New  Lebanon,  Columbia 
County,  N.  Y. 

On  August  12,  1941,  I  walked  up 
over  that  same  field.  There  was  still 
a  good  stand  of  ladino  clover  over 
most  of  the  area — better  where  it  had 
been  top  dressed  with  manure  the  year 
before.  The  cows  had  had  their  fill 
and  were  lying  down  in  the  shade  at 
the  upper  end  of  the  pasture. 

On  fields  no{  well  adapted  to  alfalfa, 
ladino  clover  is  one  of  the  most  prom¬ 
ising  perennial  legumes  for  the  North¬ 
east.  It  does  best  on  natural  wild 
white  clover  or  alsike  clover  land.  Be¬ 
ing  a  shallow  rooted  legume,  it  will 
thrive  on  heavy  textured  soils  with 
compact  subsoils,  where  alfalfa  does 
not  do  well. 

The  plant  is  a  “big  brother”  of  the 
little  wild  white  clover  you  find  grow¬ 
ing  in  low  spots  on  your  permanent 
pasture.  Like  wild  white,  it  sends  out 
fleshy  runners  along  the  surface  of  the 
ground  and  establishes  new  plants  by 
rooting  at  the  nodes.  Moreover,  it 
grows  tall  enough  that  it  can  be  cut 
for  a  sizeable  early  crop  of  hay  or 
grass  silage.  Since  it  matures  a  little 
before  alfalfa,  it  has  a  chance  to  re¬ 
cover  from  the  first  cutting  or  grazing 
in  time  to  furnish  the  cheapest,  and 
at  the  same  time  the  most  valuable, 
pasture  in  July  and  August,  when  per¬ 
manent  pastures  are  dried  up. 

Ladino  clover,  like  alfalfa,  is  a  true 
perennial.  It  will  produce  satisfactory 
yields  of  hay  or  pasture  on  a  field  for 
several  years  after  red  and  alsike  clov¬ 
er  have  run  out. 

Why  not  add  1  pound  of  ladino  white 
clover  per  acre  to  your  regular  meadow 
and  pasture  seeding  mixtures  this 
spring,  on  fields  not  adapted  to  alfalfa  ? 
The  demand  for  ladino  seed  will  prob¬ 
ably  exceed  the  supply,  so  place  your 
order  early. 


9  (65) 


American  Agriculturist,  January  17,  1942 

e’r e  Ready  to  Enlist,” 

—  Scuf,  Old  fycVim  ^ooli 


NEW  IDEAS  are  being  hatched  to 
recondition  old  farm  machinery  to 
do  the  farm  job  that  must  be  done. 
Here  are  some  of  them,  plus  some  old 
ones  that  cannot  be  repeated  too  often. 

1.  Get  machines  under  cover. 

Much  of  the  “haranguing”  that  has 
been  done  about  shiftless  farmers  who 
leave  machines  outdoors  has  been  un¬ 
called  for.  A  good  many  machines  so 
exposed  have  been  outmoded  and  are 
relatively  useless.  But  now  the  situa¬ 
tion  has  changed,  and  a  considerable 
portion  of  these  can  be  put  into  shape 
to  work.  You,  who  may  be  a  big  farm¬ 
er  with  the  latest  equipment,  may  not 
need  them;  but  some  neighbor  on  a 
small  farm  will.  Get  them  under  cover, 
and  see  if  they  cannot  be  repaired. 

2.  Do  not  sell  usable  machinery  for 
junk. 

In  past  years,  junk  prices  have  been 
so  low  that  there  has  been  little  incen¬ 
tive  to  sell  old  machines.  That  is  why 
so  many  of  them  were  to  be  found  in 
fence  corners.  Now  we  may  go  too  far 
the  other  way.  The  campaign  to  sell 
junk  may  influence  some  to  sell  ma¬ 
chines  that  could  be  used. 

3.  Organize  a  community  farm  machin¬ 
ery  auction. 

In  this  way  the  old  machines  you 
do  not  need  may  go  to  a  place  where 
they  will  be  useful.  There  is  another 
reason  for  such  an  auction.  One  man 
may  have  an  old  machine  which  is 
workable  except  for  one  part  which  is 
no  longer  manufactured.  Some  other 
neighbor  may  have  the  same  machine, 
equally  useless  but  with  a  different 
part  broken.  Two  useless  tools  may  be 
combined  into  one  that  will  work. 

4.  Attend  a  machinery  repair  school. 
Plans  are  being  made  for  many  of 


these  throughout  the  Northeast.  A  day 
spent  at  such  a  school  will  show  you 
how  to  adjust  machines  so  they  will 
pull  easier  and  do  a  better  job. 

5.  Investigate  the  possibility  of  weld¬ 
ing. 

Great  strides  have  been  made.  It  is 
now  possible  to  weld  a  broken  part  so 
that  it  is  as  strong  as  new,  and  even 
to  build  up  worn  parts,  such  as  gears, 
so  that  they  will  be  serviceable. 

6.  Get  available  bulletins  and  books  on 

farm  machinery  repairs. 

Many  of  them  are  very  definite  and 
very  helpful.  With  this  information 
where  you  can  refer  to  it  in  your  repair 
shop,  you  can  recondition  a  farm  ma¬ 
chine  even  though  you  never  did  the 
job  before. 

Now  is  the  time  to  do  this  work. 
When  the  spring  work  starts,  you 
won’t  have  the  time;  and  the  chances 
are  you  won’t  be  able  to  get  repair 
parts  needed. 

Here  are  some  bulletins  and  books 
you  may  want  to  get: 

“Repairing  Farm  Machinery”  by  I. 
G.  Morrison,  published  by  the  Inter¬ 
state  Printers  and  Publishers,  Dan¬ 
ville,  Ill. 

“The  Operation,  Care  and  Repair  of 
Farm  Machinery”  published  by  John 
Deere,  Moline,  Ill. 

From  the  College  of  Agriculture  Ex¬ 
tension  Service,  Ithaca,  New  York: 

E-94  — “Fitting  the  Farm  Saws.” 

E-108 — “The  Farm  Shop  and  Tool 
Equipment.” 

E-378 — “Grinding  the  Farm  Tools.” 

E-381 — “Plow  Adjustment.” 

E-385 — “Repairing  the  Spring-tooth 
Harrow.” 

E-417 — “Binder  Adjustments.” 

( Continued  on  Page  15) 


Draft  Deferment  for  Farmers 


I  am  35  years  old  and  operating  my 
own  farm.  Since  the  draft  age  has  been 
changed,  I  do  not  know  what  to  do. 
Should  I  go  ahead  and  plan  my  farm 
operations  for  the  coming  year,  or  am  I 
likely  to  be  drafted  right  in  the  middle 
of  the  planting  season? 

We  cannot  answer  this  question  with 
absolute  certainty.  However,  over  the 
past  year  a  very  large  percentage  of 
essential  farm  workers  have  been  de¬ 
ferred.  Ed  Foster,  Secretary  of  the 
New  York  State  Farm  Bureau  Federa- 

*  ~  »  ■—  ^  — 1  -  —  -  i.  —  < 

l  IMPORTANT  NOTICE! 

With  this  issue,  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  is  offering  a  new  service 
to  its  readers.  Because  of  the 
great  war  in  which  this  country 
is  now  engaged,  farmers  have 
many  new  problems  to  meet.  All 
of  us  have  questions  in  our 
minds,  as  to  what  we  can  do  to 
help.  From  now  on,  each  issue 
of  this  publication  will  carry 

some  war  news - not  news  of 

battles  and  bloodshed,  but  news 
of  things  affecting  you  and  your 
farm  business. 

This  time  you  will  find  on  this 
page  up-to-the-minute  informa¬ 
tion  on  such  ^tal  subjects  as 
draft  deferment  for  farmers,  and 
the  repair  of  farm  machinery. 

Besides  the  information  which 
we  will  give  you,  we  want  you 
to  help  us  write  this  page.  Tell 
us  what  you  as  a  farmer  or  as 
a  farm  woman  are  doing  to  help 
meet  this  emergency,  or  write  us 
about  some  special  defense  work 
being  done  by  your  community. 
Your  ideas  may  help  others.  The 
best  letters  will  be  printed  on 
this  page.  Address  all  letters  to 
E.  R.  Eastman,  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist,  Box  367-W,  Ithaca, 
New  York. 


tion,  tells  me  that  last  January,  six 
deferments  were  granted  for  every  one 
denied,  and  by  the  end  of  the  year, 
one  hundred  and  ninety-four  were 
granted  for  every  one  that  was  denied. 
With  the  realization  that  food  is  so 
essential,  we  cannot  believe  that  this 
policy  will  be  radically  changed. 

Here  is  the  procedure  that  you  should 
follow.  As  you  are  of  draft  age,  you 
will  be  required  to  register,  probably 
soon.  Then  the  Draft  Board  will  as¬ 
sign  you  a  draft  number.  When  your 
number  is  called,  you  will  be  sent  a 
questionnaire.  Fill  it  out  promptly.  You 
can  ask  for  deferment  either  on  the 
ground  of  your  occupation  as  a  farmer 
or  on  the  ground  that  you  have  de¬ 
pendents.  We  think  deferment  should 
be  requested  on  the  ground  that  you 
are  a  farmer  and  engaged  in  an  essen¬ 
tial  occupation. 

On  the  questionnaire  give  plenty  of 
information.  If  necessary,  attach  an 
extra  sheet.  The  information  you  give 

is  all  the  Draft  Board  has  to  guide 

them,  and  if  you  fail  to  give  them  the 

information,  you  cannot  blame  them  if 
your  request  is  denied. 

The  next  step  is  that  you  will  be 
assigned  to  a  classification.  If  you  do 
not  like  your  class,  you  can  appeal  to 
the  Draft  Board  within  five  days.  If 
they  still  deny  your  request  for  defer¬ 
ment,  you  can  make  an  appeal  by  let¬ 
ter  to  the  Draft  Appeal  Board.  This 

^appeal  also  is  turned  in  to  your  local 

Draft  Board,  and  they  are  required  to 

refer  it  to  the  Draft  Appeal  Board  for 
final  action. 

To  sum  up,  it  is  our  opinion  that  if 
you  are  operating  a  real  farm  business, 
you  will  be  granted  deferment  and 
should  go  ahead  with  your  plans  for 
the  coming  year. 


Give  your  hardest  job  to 


GULFLUBE 


_ it’s  tough 


and  able! 


Heavy  ploughing  coming  up? 

Then  stop  at  your  Good  Gulf 
Man’s  for  Gulflube— the  tough,  econ¬ 
omy  oil. 

You’ll  find  he  has  it  in  handy  five- 
gallon  steel  pails — and  in  other 
amounts  to  fit  your  needs.  All  reason¬ 
ably  priced. 

And  Mister — you  can  rely  on  this 
hardy  oil  to  do  a  lubricating  job  plus 
in  your  tractor.  Because  the  selected 
crudes  it’s  made  from  are  refined  by 
Gulf’s  Multi-Sol  process — a  method 
that  takes  out  more  of  the  sludge  and 
carbon  formers  before  you  use  it. 
Thousands  of  farmers  in  30  states 
will  cheerfully  and  enthusiastically 
vouch  for  that! 

Yes,  sir — for  your  car  or  tractor  or 
farm  machinery,  you'll  not  get  more 
from  any  oil  at  Gulflube’s  price. 

Call  on  your  Good  Gulf  Man  soon. 
He’s  got  a  complete  line  of  fuels, 


lubricants,  livestock  spray,  and  other 
farm  specialties. 

GULF  PRODUCTS  POPULAR  ON 
FARM  AND  RANCH: 

Gulf  Transgear  Lubricants  E.  P.  90  and 
140.  Specially  compounded  for  use  in 
transmissions  differentials,  and  final 
drives. 

Gulflex  Chassis  Lubricants  S  and  W.  Im¬ 
proved  lubricants  which  will  remain 
in  bearings  for  long  periods  without 
running  out.  For  general  chassis  lu- 
brication  of  cars,  trucks,  and  tractors. 

Gulflex  Wheel  Bearing  Grease.  Possesses 

unusual  resistance  to  heat.  Recom¬ 
mended  for  the  ball  and  roller  front 
and  rear  wheel  hearings  of  cars,  trucks, 
and  tractors. 

Gulflex  Waterproof  Grease.  Provides 
better  lubrication  for  water  pumps, 
and  automotive  and  other  equipment 
where  a  product  of  this  kind  is  needed. 


GULFLUBE  MOTOR  OIL 


(66)  lO 


t'lKtffi 


'  £ 

rSKEFFinOTOn 


nOTfBOOK 


N.  Y.  Vegetable  and  Potato  Growers 
Meet  in  Rochester 


American  Agriculturist,  January  17,  1942 


PLEDGING  full  support  of  agricul¬ 
ture  in  the  nation’s  war  effort,  the 
meetings  of  the  New  York  State  Vege¬ 
table  Growers’  Association  and  the 
Empire  State  Potato  Club  in  Rochester 
concerned  themselves  mainly  with 
meeting  war-time  problems  of  1942. 

Both  organizations  have  new  lead¬ 
ers.  Fred  S.  Johnston  of  Pennellville, 
Oswego  County,  succeeds  Henry  Mar- 
quart  of  Orchard  Park,  vegetable  grow¬ 
ers’  president  for  the  past  five  years. 

William  Hodnett  of  Fillmore,  Alle¬ 
gany  County,  heads  the  potato  club  in 
place  of  Harold  Simonson,  Glen  Head, 
president  for  the  past  four  years. 

Other  officers  elected  by  the  vege¬ 
table  growers  include:  Walter  Hess  of 
Rochester,  Peter  V.  Ulrich  of  Schenec¬ 
tady,  A.  H.  Garnish  of  Elba,  Fred 
Mielke  of  Schenectady  and  Joseph  M. 
Panebianco  of  Canastota,  vice-presi¬ 
dents;  William  T.  Tapley  of  Geneva, 
secretary-treasurer;  and  W.  D.  Enzie, 
of  Geneva,  asst,  secretary-treasurer. 

J.  D.  Ameele  of  Williamson  was 
elected  to  the  executive  committee. 
Other  members  are  Arthur  Bradley  of 
Elmira,  Paul  Work  of  Ithaca,  Carl 
Salmonsen  of  East  Syracuse,  and  A. 
G.  Waldo  of  Canastota. 

Marquart  was  elected  to  the  pro¬ 
gram  committee,  with  G.  J.  Raleigh  of 
Ithaca,  Enzie,  Tapley,  and  Waldo. 

Favor  C.  Smith  of  Lake  Placid  suc¬ 
ceeds  Hodnett  as  vice-president  of  the 
potato  club  and  Morris  F.  Butts  of 
Sodus  was  reelected  secretary-treas¬ 
urer.  Butts,  Norman  Reading  of  West 
Falls  and  Carl  Young  of  Riverhead 
were  elected  directors.  Other  board 
members  are  Simonson,  Smith,  Alonzo 
Allen  of  Waterville,  Roy  A.  Porter  of 
Elba,  Hodnett  and  H.  J.  Evans  of 
Georgetown. 

Dean  Ladd  Warns  on  Debts 

Plotting  a  course  for  farmers  dur¬ 
ing  the  war  period,  Dean  Carl  E.  Ladd 
of  the  State  Colleges  of  Agriculture 
and  Home  Economics  suggested  two 
things : 

1 — Farm  intensively  through  the  war 
period.  Make  best  use  of  labor,  equip¬ 
ment,  land  and  supplies.  Use  short¬ 
term  credit  to  enable  you  to  do  these 
things. 

2 — Keep  in  mind  there  may  be  a  re¬ 
cession  after  the  war.  Don’t  incur  any 
long-term  debts  that  may  have  to  be 
paid  off  at  high  rates  during  a  period 
of  recession. 

In  order  to  meet  the  government’s 
estimate  of  needed  production,  Dean 
Ladd  said  farmers  will  have  to  strain 
their  resources  to  the  utmost.  “Even 
if  1942  is  as  good  a  crop  year  as  1941, 
in  order  to  feed  England  we  will  have 
to  use  up  most  of  our  surpluses,”  he 
said.  “This  means  that  by  1943  we 
may  have  to  restrict  our  consumption 
of  some  foods. 

“For  several  years  we  have  been  on 
a  net' import  basis  for  foods,  and  when 
we  undertook  to  feed  England  we  soon 
found  out  that  we  did  not  have  so 
much  as  some  of  us  may  have  thought. 
Once  the  war  is  over  we  will  have  the 
world  to  feed.  I  don’t  know  who  will 
pay  for  it  or  how,  but  we  can  assume 
that  if  we  have  the  food  it  will  be 


used.  Then  we  may  expect  a  period  of 
10  or  12  years  of  great  demand;  aftei 
that,  according  to  the  historical  pat¬ 
tern,  we  may  expect  depression. 

“I  am  not  too  pessimistic  about  that 
depression.  We  must  remember  there 
will  be  a  lot  of  reconstruction.  After 
the  first  World  War  we  found  de¬ 
struction  was  only  in  the  fighting  area. 
After  this  war  it  will  be  necessary  to 
rebuild  whole  cities. 

“Another  point  to  keep  in  mind  is 
that  we  are  asked  to  increase  our  pro¬ 
duction  from  five  to  10  per  cent,  al¬ 
though  these  figures  may  be  revised 
at  any  time.  Our  population  has  been 
gaining  about  seven  per  cent  per  dec¬ 
ade  and  we  may  expect  gains  for  the 
next  40  years.  After  this  war  is  over 
we  may  find  that  we  do  not  have  much 
food  to  export.  With  our  increasing 
population  and  better  nutritional  stand¬ 
ards  we  may  need  all  we  can  produce.” 

Fertilizer  Outlook 

Reviewing  the  fertilizer  outlook,  Dr. 
Richard  Bradfield,  head  of  the  Cornell 
agronomy  department,  said  there  may 
be  some  shortage  of  nitrates  this 
spring,  but  with  new  plants  building 
the  longtime  outlook  is  good.  There 
is  a  large  supply  of  phosphate,  but 
transportation  may  be  a  bottleneck. 
With  war  demand  for  sulphuric  acid, 
the  supply  of  superphosphate  may  be 
limited,  so  that  phosphate  of  lower 
concentration  may  have  to  be  used. 
There  is  enough  capacity  to  meet  pot¬ 
ash  needs,  but  here  again  transporta¬ 
tion  may  be  limiting  factors.  All  of 
this  means,  he  said,  that  there  may 
have  to  be  some  shifts  in  fertilizer 
practices. 

Doctor  Bradfield  listed  suggestions 
to  farmers: 

1 —  Keep  up  nitrogen  production  on 
the  farm  through  leguminous  crops. 

2 —  Conserve  crop  residue,  especially 
manure. 

3 —  Get  the  fertilizers  best  suited  to 
your  crops  or  soils. 

4—  Buy  fertilizers  from  lists  of 
standard  analyses.  There  are  12  ap¬ 
proved  on  the  standard  list,  in  place  of 
120  a  few  years  ago. 

5 —  Place  your  orders  early. 

6 —  Study  methods  of  application  and 
use  the  application  that  gives  the  best 
result. 

7 —  Make  every  man-hour  and  trac¬ 
tor-hour  effective. 

Dr.  C.  B.  Sayre  of  the  Geneva  Ex¬ 
periment  Station  discussed  methods  of 
fertilizer  application  and  urged  that  it 
be  drilled  in  deeply  for  vegetables. 
“Putting  fertilizer  on  the  surface  and 
discing  it  in  is  the  least  effective  way 
of  using  it,”  he  said.  “The  most  effec¬ 
tive  method  is  to  set  the  drill  as  deep 
as  possible  and  drill  it  in  in  final  prep¬ 
aration  of  the  land.”  He  said  that  in 
tests  of  surface  discing  and  deep  drill¬ 
ing  two  tons  more  tomatoes  had  been 
obtained  from  an  acre  and  four  tons 
more  of  cabbage. 

Ray  H.  Carter  of  Presque  Isle,  Me., 
told  how  Maine  growers  had  been  able 
to  grow  good  foundation  seed  potatoes. 
As  requirements  he  listed  isolated  seed 
beds,  seed  from  known  sources,  land 


free  from  weeds,  a  cover  crop  after  a 
year  in  sod  and  before  potatoes,  early 
planting,  planting  with  eyes  up  to  help 
uniform  emergence  and  roguing.  He 
said  he  had  followed  the  recommenda¬ 
tions  of  the  experiment  station  and 
that  the  station  provided  the  roguing 
for  growers  on  a  fee  basis. 

Dr.  Frank  App,  president  of  the 
Northeast  Potato  and  Vegetable  Coun¬ 
cil,  discussed  fertilizing  and  marketing 
practices  at  Seabrook  Farm  in  New 
Jersey.  He  said  he  was  operating 
15,000  acres  and  quick-freezing  produce 
from  30,000  acres.  He  said  quick- 
freezing  was  a  method  of  marketing 
and  should  be  considered  in  that  way. 
But  once  a  grower  goes  in  for  that 
kind  of  marketing  he  has  a  whole  new 
set  of  production  and  fertilizer  prob¬ 
lems,  App  said. 

“It  is  necessary  to  get  uniform  fer¬ 
tilizers  to  meet  needs,”  he  said,  and 
this  raised  three  questions:  What  is 
the  right  proportions  of  various  ele¬ 
ments  ?  What  types  of  nitrogen  should 
be  used  to  finish  the  crops  ?  What  sys¬ 
tem  of  buying  fertilizer?  Last  year, 
he  said,  fertilizer  was  plowed  under 
in  a  small  way  and  resulted  in  better 
yields  of  peas  and  spinach,  but  he  did 
not  expect  the  results  would  be  the 
same  every  year. 

Potato  Growers  Ask  for  Better  Crop 
Reporting  Service 

The  potato  club  by  resolution  provid¬ 
ed  for  appointment  of  a  committee  to 
confer  with  the  crop-reporting  service 
of  the  ,USDA  with  the  hope  of  avoid¬ 
ing  violent  market  fluctuations  such  as 
followed  adoption  of  new  system  of 
crop  estimating.  It  also  pointed  out 
that  spraying  is  vitally  necessary  to 
potato  production  and  with  scarcity  of 
new  equipment  urged  that  repair  parts 
be  made  available. 

The  vegetable  growers  asked  the 
Legislature  to  appropriate  $25,000  for 
research  on  corn  borer  and  corn  ear 
worm  which  threatened  the  sweet  corn 
industry;  urged  work  of  the  seed  sur¬ 
vey  by  the  federal  department  be 
broadened  to  give  a  better  picture,  and 
opposed  price-fixing  that  excludes 
labor.  It  also  opposed  price-fixing  on 
vegetables  as  impractical  due  to  shrink¬ 
age,  storage  and  labor  conditions  that 
may  affect  the  crop. 

Defense  problems  and  how  to  meet 
production  goals  in  the  face  of  war¬ 
time  shortages  occupied  a  good  deal  of 
time  at  the  meetings.  “Of  course,  we 
do  not  like  a  lot  of  things,”  Marquart 
said  in  his  annual  address,  “but  we 
have  got  to  tighten  our  belts  and  go 
along.  We  are  at  the  crossroads  be¬ 
tween  the  Axis  and  the  Democracies. 
We  must  give  up  the  idea  of  how  much 
we  are  going  to  get  out  of  it  and  think 
in  terms  of  how  we  can  serve.” 

Marquart  said  he  foresaw  that  “we 
will  have  to  work  harder  and  use  in¬ 
efficient  labor  to  do  a  more  efficient 
job.  We  will  have  to  use  all  the  short 
cuts  we  can  find.  We  will  have  to 
stick  together  and  when  we  can’t  do 
it  alone  we  will  have  to  buy  machinery 
cooperatively.  We  will  have  to  farm 
our  land  the  best  we  can,  because  we 
all  are  behind  Uncle  Sam.” 

jr, 

Simonson  Reviews  Situation  on 
Long  Island 

Simonson  said  there  was  no  doubt 
that  growers  would  produce  as  good  a 
crop  as  possible.  “We  are  going  to 
see  some  shifts  this  year,”  he  said. 
“Vast  quantities  of  canned  goods,  dried 
foods  and  fresh  vegetables  are  going 
to  be  shipped  to  England.  Some  can¬ 
ned  goods  will  rise  in  price  and  there 
will  be  more  demand  for  potatoes. 

“I  think  there  is  enough  seed  for 
careful  use.  There  is  a  scarcity  of 
machinery.  I  believe  there  is  enough 
fertilizer.  There  may  be  a  shortage 
of  insecticides.  The  thing  for  us  to  do 
is  to  plan  far  ahead  to  meet  our  needs 
and  make  the  best  use  of  research.” 

Simonson  said  many  growers  were 


wondering  whether  a  price  ceiling 
would  be  put  on  potatoes.  “If  this  is 
the  case  I  hope  the  industry  will  ge£ 
together  and  insist  that  a  price  ceiling 
be  put  "on  labor,  for  that  is  our  great¬ 
est  item  of  cost,”  he  said. 

New  York  farmers  are  greatly  con¬ 
cerned  about  improvement  of  New 
York  City  terminal  marketing  facili¬ 
ties,  Simonson  said.  “One  report  is 
that  eight  million  dollars  is  lost  an¬ 
nually  by  handling  of  food  through  the 
Washington  Street  market.  Thi3 
comes  out  of  either  the  producer  or  the 
consumer,  and  we  certainly  have  a 
stake  im  better  handling  of  our  farm 
produce.” 

Myers  Calls  for  Continued  Parity 

The  parity  principle  in  price-fixing 
legislation  has  been  viciously  attacked 
as  inflationary  by  the  big  city  press 
because  it  does  not  understand,  accord¬ 
ing  to  D.  W.  I.  Myers,  head  of  the 
agricultural  economics  department  at 
Cornell.  “The  parity  principle  in  legis¬ 
lation.  means  not  a  fixed  price,  but 
that  the  price  will  go  up  when  costs 
go  up,”  he  said.  “Prices  of  individual 
farm  products  will  continue  to  fluctuate 
about  the  general  price  level.” 

Myers  pointed  out  that  while  farm 
prices  generally  now  are  in  line,  “re¬ 
covery  is  long  overdue  to  agriculture. 
Agriculture  wants  restoration  and  sta¬ 
bility.  We  have  restoration  of  the 
price  level,  but  we  have  got  to  look 
further  for  stability.” 

He  said  that  food  prices  are  high 
now  only  in  comparison  to  the  ab¬ 
normally  low  prices  of  the  depression 
year’s.  He  said  the  index  of  food  prices 
now  was  about  153  per  cent  of  pre¬ 
war,  as  compared  to  175  in  the  ’20’s. 
“Food  is  one  of  the  cheapest  items  in 
the  cost  of  living,  next  only  to  rent,” 
he  said.  “Factory  wages  are  three 
times  as  high  as  they  were  in  1914  and 
the  cost  of  living,  has  advanced  only 
50  per  cent.” 

Previous  to  the  meetings  of  the  two 
associations  a  day  was  given  over  to 
discussing  progress  of  research.  Mar¬ 
quart  presided  at  a  meeting  of  the 
vegetable  growers’  research  committee 
and  Roy  A.  Porter  presided  at  a  meet¬ 
ing  of  the  Central-Western  New  York 
Potato  Improvement  Committee.  Staff 
members  from  Geneva  and  Cornell 
outlined  the  progress  of  research  ac¬ 
tivities,  some  of  which  now  are  being 
shifted  to  a  war  status.  General  opin¬ 
ion  was  that  much  of  the  special  re¬ 
search  undertaken  in  the  past  few 
years  will  be  of  great  value  in  meeting 
pending  emergency  problems. 

— a.  a. — 

Fruit  Growers  Meet 

This  week  the  New  York  State  Hor¬ 
ticultural  Society  is  holding  its  87th 
annual  meeting  and  exhibition  in 
Rochester.  As  in  past  years,  speakers 
will  review  progress  of  the  industry 
during  the  year  and  offer  suggestions 
on  what  to  do  in  1942.  Because  of  ex¬ 
pected  changes  due  to  war,  the  pro¬ 
gram  is  directed  at  helping  growers  to 
face  new  problems  as  well  as  old  ones, 
says  President  Percy  R.  Morgan  of 
Lewiston. 

-  — a. a. — 

Peach  Men  Organize 

Frank  W.  Beneway  of  Ontario  again 
heads  the  Western  New  York  Peach 
Marketing  Committee,  with  Morton 
Adams  of  Sodus  as  secretary.  Growers 
voted  to  raise  some  money  for  promo¬ 
tion  activity  this  year,  to  plan  to  en¬ 
gage  a  field  man  during  the  season, 
and  to  give  10  per  cent  of  receipts  to 
a  proposed  National  Peach  Marketing 
Council.  The  latter  organization  is 
proposed  largely  as  a  result  of  the 
success  of  the  New  York  group  and  at 
a  recent  meeting  in  Richmond,  Va., 
Beneway  outlined  work  that  had  prov¬ 
ed  successful  in  raising  price  of 
peaches  to  New  York  growers. 


American  Agriculturist,  January  17,  1942 


1 1  (67) 


<7<4e  Masihet  HaA&meteSi 


Serious  Charges  Against  Sheffield  Co, 

The  United  States  Federal  Trade 
Commission  has  brought  a  very 
serious  complaint  against  the  Shef¬ 
field  Farms,  Inc.  for  alleged  control 
and  domination  by  the  Sheffield 
Company  of  its  producers  organiz¬ 
ed  under  the  name  of  Eastern  Milk 
Producers’  Cooperative  Association, 

Inc.  This  complaint  is  so  important 
and  of  such  great  interest  to  all  rpilk 
producers  that  we  are  reprinting 
here  some  of  the  charges  against 
the  Company.  It  should  be  borne  in 
mind  that  the  case  has  yet  to  be 
tried,  and  the  Company  has  the  right 
to  a  fair  trial :  - 


“ . The  Federal  Trade  Commis¬ 

sion,  having  reason  to  believe  that 
Sheffield  Farms  Company,  Inc.,  herein¬ 
after  described  and  referred  to  as  re¬ 
spondent,  has  violated  the  provisions 
of  section  5  of  the  Federal  Trade  Com¬ 
mission  Act . 

“PARAGRAPH  TWO:  Respondent  is 
engaged  in  the  purchase,  distribution 
and  sale  of  fluid  milk  and  cream,  and 
also  in  the  manufacture  and  sale  of 
milk  products.  In  the  year  1940  it  did 
an  annual  business  of  $56,602,564.62, 
being  one  of  the  largest,  if  not  the  larg¬ 
est,  distributor  of  fluid  milk  and  cream 
in  the  United  States. 

“PARAGRAPH  THREE:  ....  It  has 
been  determined  that  best  results  to 
producers  could  be  accomplished  most 
effectively  through  producer  coopera¬ 
tive  associations  controlled  exclusively 
by  the  dairy  farmer  members  thereof. 
It  is  the  policy  of  the  government  of 
the  United  States,  and  also  of  many 
states,  including  the  State  of  New 
York,  to  foster  and  encourage  the  for¬ 
mation  and  functioning  of  such  pro¬ 
ducer-controlled  and  producer-owned 
cooperatives  and  to  permit  such  co¬ 
operatives  also  to  join  together  for 
their  mutual  benefit.  .  .  . 
“PARAGRAPH  SIX:  Prior  to  about 
1922,  respondent  had  bargained  with 
and  purchased  a  substantial  part  of  the 
milk  which  it  distributed  from  pro¬ 
ducer-controlled  and  producer-owned 
cooperatives.  During  the  year  1922,  in 
order  to  prevent  the  producers  from 
whom  respondent  purchased  milk  from 
joining,  or  retaining  membership  in 
such  cooperatives,  respondent  organiz¬ 
ed  all  of  said  producers  into  the  ‘Shef¬ 
field  Farms  Company  Producers  As¬ 
sociation,’  hereinafter  referred  to  as 
the  ‘Association.’  The  organization  of 
the  Association  was  initiated,  spon¬ 
sored  and  controlled  entirely  by  repre¬ 
sentatives  and  agents  of  respondent. 
At  the  organization  meeting  of  the  As¬ 
sociation,  which  was  held  in  the  offices 
of  respondent,  where  practically  all  of 
the  meetings  of  the  board  of  directors 
of  the  Association  have  been  held  ever 
since,  the  delegates  of  the  producers 
were  handed  a  constitution  and  by¬ 
laws  which  had  been  prepared  by  the 
respondent.  Membership  in  the  Asso¬ 
ciation  was  definitely  restricted  to  those 
producers  who  delivered  milk  to  one 
of  respondent’s  country  receiving 
plants. 

“PARAGRAPH  SEVEN :  Since  its  or¬ 
ganization,  the  Association,  which  was 
incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the 
State  of  New  York  in  1927  and  whose 
name  was  changed  in  1939  to  Eastern 
Milk  Producers  Cooperative  Associa¬ 
tion,  Inc.,  has  continued,  by  the  meth¬ 
ods  and  acts  of  respondent  set  forth  in 
this  complaint,  and  otherwise,  to  be 
under  the  absolute  domination  and  con¬ 
trol  of  the  respondent,  its  officers,  rep¬ 


resentatives  and  agents.  Respondent 
still  provides  that  all  dairy  farmers  de¬ 
livering  milk  to  the  country  receiving 
plants  of  the  respondent  in  the  States 
of  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  and 
Vermont,  upon  delivery  of  their  milk, 
shall  automatically  become  members 
of  the  Association.  When  a  country 
receiving  plant  takes  on  a  new  milk 
producer,  the  respondent’s  agent  gives 
him  a  contract  of  membership  in  the 
Association,  and  after  he  signs  same, 
usually  at  the  request  and  instance  of 
respondent’s  plant  manager,  who  like¬ 
wise  signs  said  contract  as  a  witness, 
the  Association  is  then  notified  that  it 
has  a  new  member.  The  membership 
in  the  Association  is  automatically  can¬ 
celled  if  and  when  the  producer’s  milk 
is  no  longer  received  at  one  of  re¬ 
spondent’s  country  receiving  plants; 
therefore,  when  respondent  closes,  sells 
or  leases  one  of  these  plants,  all  of  the 
milk  producers  who  had  been  deliver¬ 
ing  milk  there  automatically  lose  their 
membership.  .  .  . 

“PARAGRAPH  TWELVE:  In  order 
to  gain  an  unfair  competitive  advant¬ 
age,  and  thereby  unduly  hinder  com¬ 
petition,  in  the  trade  and  commerce  in 
milk,  which  trade  and  commerce  has 
hereinbefore  been  described,  respond¬ 
ent  has  pursued  and  promoted,  among 
others,  the  following  methods,  acts  and 
practices : 

(1)  Organized,  created  and  perpetu¬ 
ated  the  Association  for  its  own 
benefit,  and  not  for  the  benefit  of 
the  producer-members  thereof; 

(2)  Controlled  absolutely  and  entire¬ 
ly  the  admission  to,  and  retention 
of,  membership  in  the  Associa¬ 
tion; 

(3)  Employed  and  used  the  Associa¬ 
tion  for  the  benefit  of  the  re¬ 
spondent  rather  than  for  the  bene¬ 
fit  of  the  producer-members  there¬ 
of; 

(4)  Controlled,  dominated,  and  inter¬ 
fered  with,  the  management  and 
operation  of  the  Association; 

(5)  Prevented  the  members  of  the 
Association  from  exercising  their 
free  and  unimpeded  judgment  in 
the  selection  of  delegates  of  local 
associations; 

(6)  Prevented  the  delegates  of  local 
associations  from  exercising  their 
free  and  unimpeded  judgment  in 
the  selection  of  members  of  the 
Board  of  Directors  of  the  Asso¬ 
ciation  ; 

(7)  Prevented  the  Board  of  Directors 
of  the  Association  in  many  in¬ 
stances  from  acting  for  the  bene¬ 
fit  of  the  members  of  the  Asso¬ 
ciation; 

(8)  Coerced  and  intimidated,  by  and 
through  its  barn  inspectors,  field- 
men,  supervisors  of  weight  and 
testing  and  veterinarians,  and  by 
other  means  and  methods,  the 
members  of  the  Association  for 
the  purpose  and  with  the  view  of 
requiring  said  members  to  per¬ 
form  or  not  perform  acts  for  the 
benefit  of  the  respondent  rather 
than  for  the  benefit  of  the  mem¬ 
bers  themselves; 

(9)  Deceived,  coerced  and  intimidated 
by  various  means  and  methods, 
the  members  of  the  Association 
to  prevent  them  from  exercising 
their  free  and  unimpeded  judg¬ 
ment  regarding  proposed  legisla¬ 
tion  affecting  milk  producers; 

(10)  Coerced  the  members  of  the  As¬ 
sociation,  through  and  by  means 
of  its  domination  and  control  of 
the  Association,  to  accept  prices 


for  out-of-order  milk  which  were 
not  based  on  the  actual  use  of 
such  milk; 

(11)  Coerced  the  Association,  through 
and  by  means  of  its  domination 
and  control  over  the  Board  of  Di¬ 
rectors  of  the  Association,  to 
submit  proposed  amendments  to 
the  Federal  and  State  Orders 
which  would  reduce  the  payments 
allowed  under  these  Orders  tc 
collecting  or  operating  coopera¬ 
tive  associations,  which  amend¬ 
ments  were  inimical  to  the  prog¬ 
ress  and  growth  of  producer-con- 
trolled  and  producer-owned  co¬ 
operative  associations  as  a  whole.” 
Be  sure  to  read  the  editorial  on  Page  4. 

— A.  A.— 

Commissioner  Morgan 
Resigns 

In  the  near  future  New  York  City 
will  have  a  new  Market  Commissioner. 
For  the  past  eight  years  William  Fel- 
lowes  Morgan,  Jr.,  who  has  resigned, 
held  the  post  of  City  Commissioner  of 
Markets  under  Mayor  LaGuardia. 
Naturally  Mr.  Morgan’s  job  was  to 
fight  for  New  York  City  consumers. 
Nevertheless,  he  knew  the  market 
business  and  was  generally  considered 
to  be  fair  in  his  decisions. 

It  is  reported  that  the  split  between 
Commissioner  Morgan  and  the  Mayor 
resulted  from  a  dispute  over  appoint¬ 
ments  requested  by  LaGuardia.  Mr. 
Morgan’s  successor  is  not  yet  known. 
Deputy  Commissioner  Carl  Kimball  is 
also  out. 

The  attitude  of  the  city  market  men 
is  well  illustrated  by  the  following  edi¬ 
torial  in  the  “Produce  News.” 

\ 

ABOUT  THAT  JOB 

NOTE  TO  MAYOR  LA  GUARDIA: 

We  have  an  uncle,  a  real  nice  fellow, 
who  has  been  out  of  work  for  the  last 
8  years.  Before  that  he  was  a  steam- 
fitter  and  plumber,  and  everybody  tells 
us  he  eould  really  wipe  a  joint.  If 
memory  serves,  he  was  some  sort  of  an 
architect  before  that,  although  his  aim 
in  life  had  been  to  run  a  garage,  with 
a  little  beer  joint  on  the  side. 

Now  that  the  position  of  Commis¬ 
sioner  of  Markets  in  New  York  is  about 
to  be  filled,  we  urge  you  to  consider 
our  uncle  for  the  post.  He  doesn’t 
know  a  thing  about  the  food  market, 
except  he  likes  good  victuals  3  times 
a  day;  but  maybe  you  have  something 
in  the  back  of  your  mind  and  don’t 
want  a  new  market  commissioner  to 
start  out  with  any  ideas  about  the  food 
markets.  We  always  thought  both 
William  Fellowes  Morgan  and  Carl 
Kimball  were  well  suited  by  experi¬ 
ence  for  their  jobs,  but  you’ve  probably 
got  other  ideas. 

If  you  get  time  to  consider  this 
matter  of  a  new  commissioner  for  the 
biggest  market  in  the  world,  let  us 
know,  and  we  will  get  our  uncle  to 
get  up  earlier  some  morning  and  drop 
in  to  see  you.  Incidentally,  he  voted 
for  you  the  last  2  or  3  times,  and  has 
a  lot  of  friends. 

- A.  A.-r- 

Certified  Seed  Potatoes 

The  production  of  certified  seed  po¬ 
tatoes  in  the  Northeast  is  23%  below 
last  year.  In  northeastern  states  and 
provinces,  70,428  acres  were  entered 
for  inspection,  45,043  acres  of  which 
passed  inspection.  There  were  some  in¬ 
creases  in  yield  in  northeastern  states 
and  in  Nova  Scotia,  but  these  were  off¬ 
set  by  decreases  in  New  Brunswick  and 
Prince  Edward  Island. 

In  bushels  of  certified  seed  potatoes, 
production  of  all  varieties  is  estimat¬ 
ed  at  11,896,305,  which  is  23%  below 
last  year  and  slightly  less  than  the 
1939  crop.  By  varieties,  Cobblers  are 
down  32%;  Green  Mountains,  30%; 
Chippewas,  37%;  Katahdins,  8%.  All 
other  varieties  showed  an  average  in¬ 
crease  of  19%. 

In  New  York  State,  1941  production 
of  certified  seed  potatoes  is  estimated 
at  474,771  bushels,  compared  to  383,- 
501  lbs.  last  year. 


WGY  FARM  PROGRAMS 

Monday,  January  19th 
12:35 — “February  Chicks  Versus  April 
Chicks,”  Prof.  H.  E.  Botsford. 

12:45—  “Rural  Education  in  the  News,” 
Francis  E.  Griffin. 

Tuesday,  January  20th 
12:35 — “The  Agricultural  Front,”  G.  W. 
Manchester. 

12:45 — “Where  Does  Democracy  Begin?” 
Warren  County  Home  Bureau. 

Wednesday,  January  21st 
12:35 — “The  Farmer’s  Partner  in  De¬ 
fense,”  Ed  W.  Mitchell. 

12:45 — Countryside  Talk,  Prof.  Bristow 
Adams. 

Thursday,  January  22nd 

12:35 — “A  Good  Start  in  Brooding,”  D. 
C.  Henderson,  Vt.  State  College  of  Agri¬ 
culture. 

12:45 — (Agricultural  Adjustment  Ad¬ 
ministration.) 

Friday,  January  23rd 
12:35 — “Farm  Produce  Prices  and  Why,” 
H.  D.  Phillips. 

12:45 — “At  Home  —  24  Hours  on  Wed¬ 
nesdays,”  J.  H.  Van  Aernam. 

Saturday,  January  24th 
'  12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “I  Believe 
in  Doing  More  Than  is  Required,”  Scho¬ 
harie  County  (N.  Y.)  4-H  Clubs. 

12:45— Grange  Views  and  News,  “The 
Purchasing  Power  of  the  Farm  Dollar,” 
Herkimer  Pomona  Grange. 

Monday,  January  26th 
12:35— “The  Cooperative  Use  of  Farm 
Machinery,”  Prof.  C.  N.  Turner. 

12:45— “How  Farm  Organizations  Are 
Working  in  the  Emergency,”  Harold  M. 
Stanley. 

Tuesday,  January  27th 
12:35— “The  1941  Fruit  Season  in  Re¬ 
view,”  R.  W.  Tousey. 

12:45— “What  If  Your  Son  is  Drafted?” 
Schenectady  County  Home  Bureau. 

Wednesday,  January  28th 
12:35 — “The  Farmer’s  Partner  in  De¬ 
fense,”  Ed  W.  Mitchell. 

12:45 — Countryside  Talk,  Dr.  Robert 
Rienow. 

Thursday,  January  29th 
12:35— “How  Much  Hay  and  Silage  for 
the  Most  Milk?”  C.  M.  Slack. 

12:45— (Surplus  Marketing  Administra¬ 
tion.) 

Friday,  January  30th 
12:35 — “The  Department  at  Work,”  Fos¬ 
ter  Potter. 

12:45— “At  Home  — 24  Hours  on  Thurs¬ 
days,”  J.  H.  Van  Aernam. 

Saturday,  January  31st 
12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “I  Believe 
in  Fair  Play,”  Mass.  State  4-H  Club 
Office. 

12:45 — Grange  Views  and  News,  “The 
Red  Cross  Needs  You,”  Saratoga  Pomona 
Grange. 


Potatoes 

As  was  expected  in  most  quarters, 
the  downward  revision  of  the  govern¬ 
ment  December  potato  estimate  tend¬ 
ed  to  increase  potato  prices.  Up  to  the 
first  of  the  year,  Maine  had  moved 
over  10,000  cars  of  potatoes,  consider¬ 
ably  more  than  had  been  shipped  out 
of  Maine  up  to  the  same  date  last 
year. 

There  is  an  opinion  in  some  quarters, 
which  potato  growers  should  consider 
carefully,  that  as  the  deal  progresses, 
some  of  the  recent  gains  in  potato 
prices  may  be  lost.  This  is  based  on 
the  belief  that  the  December  revision 
was  more  in  the  way  of  a  correction 
in  statistics,  and  that  the  November 
report  gave  a  pretty  accurate  com¬ 
parison  of  crops  for  this  year  and  last. 

—  A.  A. — 

Eggs 

On  December  1,  cold  storage  stocks 
of  eggs,  including  frozen  eggs,  were 
about  17%  above  a  year  ago  and  sub¬ 
stantially  above  average.  The  tendency 
during  the  fall  was  to  take  eggs  out 
of  cold  storage  at  a  rate  slower  than 
average. 

About  the  first  of  the  year,  as  re¬ 
ported  by  the  New  York  State  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture  and  Markets, 
it  took  7  doz.  eggs  to  buy  100  lbs.  of 
feed.  A  month  ago  the  figure  was  6.5; 
a  year  ago,  7.5;  and  two  years  ago,  9.2. 

At  about  the  same  time,  top  whole¬ 
sale  price  for  white  eggs  in  New  York 
City  was  36%c;  a  year  ago,  2514c. 


(68)  12 


American  Agriculturist,  January  17,  1942 


View  of  Poultry  Section,  540-acre  Purina  Experimental  Farm,  Gray  Summit,  Miss¬ 
ouri.  Here  2,000  to  2,500  chicks  are  hatched  and  put  on  experiment  every  four  weeks 
the  year  ’round.  Thousands  of  mature  birds  are  constantly  on  experiment  in  the 

laying  and  breeding  flocks. 


AMERICAN 


AGRICULTURIST 


For  a  Balanced  Poultry  Income 

By  C.  -S.  JOHNSON, 

Manager  of  Poultry  Department,  Purina  Mills. 


EAST,  west,  north  and  south,  the  na¬ 
tion’s  laying  houses  are  filled  to 
capacity  each  fall  with  hustling  layers. 
But  by  spring,  the  story  is  often  en¬ 
tirely  different.  By  then,  flocks  have 
suffered  heavily  from  culling  and  death 
losses,  until  the  plant  is  working  at  but 
two-thirds  speed. 

Egg  production  of  layers  has  long 
been  measured  in  terms  of  the  number 
of  eggs  laid  per  year.  From  a  breeder’s 
standpoint,  that’s  important.  A  bird 
that  produces  better  than  200  eggs  her 
pullet  year  is  a  fine  one  to  breed  from 
— if  she  is  healthy  and  vigorous. 

But  the  most  important  thing  from 
the  standpoint  of  the  commercial  poul- 


C.  S.  JOHNSON. 


trymen,  or  the  farmer  keeping  a  flock 
of  layers  as  one  of  his  farm  enter¬ 
prises,  is  the  number  of  eggs  he’s  able 
to  get  for  “ea6h  four  square  feet  of 
floor  space”  in  his  laying  house. 

For  example,  almost  every  indication 
points  to  above  average  egg  prices  for 
next  spring.  But  poultrymen  will  be 
unable  to  take  full  advantage  of  these 
prices  if  their  “egg  factories”  aren’t 
operating  at  a  capacity. 

There’s  only  one  way  to  meet  this 
situation,  and  that  is  to  raise  chicks  the 
year  around.  By  carefully  spacing 
hatches,  the  laying  houses  are  kept  fill¬ 
ed  continuously  with  highly  productive 
layers. 

Besides  enabling  the  poultrymen  to 
keep  their  plants  operating  at  capacity 
by  replacing  birds  lost  from  natural 
causes,  available  fresh  pullets  enable 
them  to  cull  more  closely  and  thereby 
keep  their  laying  houses  filled  with 


only  the  best  layers. 

Frequent  hatches  distribute  labor  re¬ 
quirements  more  evenly,  an  important 
factor  these  days  of  farm  labor  short¬ 
age.  Year  around  brooding  provides  also 
for  more  efficient  use  of  brooding  and 
growing  equipment.  For  example,  in¬ 
stead  of  using  a  brooding  house  only 
during  the  spring,  it  is  used  three  or 
four  times.  By  extending  the  brooding 
season  the  year  ’round,  fewer  chicks 
need  be  started  each  time,  reducing 
the  danger  of  crowding. 

Does  year  ’round  brooding  pay  un¬ 
der  actual  practice,  or  have  we  been 
dealing  in  theories  ?  Results  at  the 
Purina  Experimental  Farm,  Gray  Sum¬ 
mit,  Missouri,  show  that  year  ’round 
brooding  of  chicks  for  the  purpose  of 
keeping  laying  houses  filled  to  capa¬ 
city  is  both  practical  and  profitable. 

At  the  Purina  Experimental  Farm, 
we  have  a  peak  capacity  for  3,000  lay¬ 
ers.  Twelve  years  ago  it  was  decided 
that  too  much  space  was  being  wasted 
during  the  latter  half  of  the  laying 
year,  pullet  rearing  equipment  wasn’t 
being  used,  and  chick  brooding  equip¬ 
ment  was  standing  idle.  Labor  wasn’t 
being  used  efficiently  or  economically. 

Year  ’round  brooding  and  rearing  of 
pullets  was  suggested  and  has  been 
practiced  successfully  ever  since,  mak¬ 
ing  it  possible  to  keep  our  laying 
houses  filled  to  capacity. 

Are  pullets  started  outside  the  reg¬ 
ular  spring  hatching  season  profitable? 
Here  are  the  production  and  gross  in¬ 
come  figures  on  broods  of  chicks  start¬ 
ed  in  four  different  seasons  at  the 
Purina  Experimental  Farm.  This  in¬ 
cludes  the  average  egg  production  per 
bird  during  the  first  laying  year  and 
the  value  of  these  eggs,  figured  on  pre¬ 
vailing  middlewest  “at  the  farm”  prices 
furnish  by  the  U.  S.  D.  A. 

'  Eggs  laid  Gross  return 


per  bird  per  bird 

January  chicks  203  $3.50 

April  chicks  218  3.93 

July  chicks  218  3.68 

October  chicks  221  3.78 


These  figures  show  that  chicks  start¬ 
ed  at  other  seasons  produce  just  as 
satisfactorily  as  those  started  during 
the  spring.  Brooding  costs  are  slightly 
higher  for  fall-hatched  chicks,  but 
lower  costs  for  summer  chicks  help 
balance  the  brooding  cost  for  the  en¬ 
tire  year. 

On  the  basis  of  Purina  Experimental 
Farm  results,  and  using  U.S.D.A.  10- 
year  average  egg  prices,  it  is  estimat¬ 
ed  that  the  yearly  income  per  100-hen 
capacity  can  be  increased  approxi¬ 
mately  $85  under  the  “balanced  income 
plan”  over  the  old-style  once  a  year 
brooding  plan. 


TO  WIN  TIIE  WAR 

( Continued  from  Page  6) 


had  in  mimeographed  publications. 

As  a  result  of  statistical  research, 
the  Bureau  of  Planning  has  ascertain¬ 
ed  the  trends  in  important  manufac¬ 
turing  industries  in  New  York  as  com¬ 
pared  with  other  states.  A  study  of 
the  pulp  and  paper  industry,  the  first 
of  these  to  be  undertaken,  is  at  pres¬ 
ent  being  completed. 

In  its  card  file  of  defense  contracts 
awarded  to  New  York  State,  the  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Planning  has  information  on 
contracts  of  $100,000  or  more,  both  in 
the  state  and  in  other  northeastern 
states.  This  Bureau  is  also  compiling 
data  on  defense  activities  of  state  and 
federal  agencies,  which  include  those 
in  fields  of  housing,  vocational  train¬ 
ing,  labor  recruitment,  civil  defense, 
recreation  and  morale.  This  compila¬ 
tion  includes  a  listing  of  the  agencies 
involved  in  defense  activities,  their 
chief  functions  and  the  progress  made 
in  the  discharge  of  those  functions. 
Maps  showing  the  physical,  economic 
and  social  resources  of  the  state  have 
been  made  by  the  Bureau.  The  Bureau 
of  Planning  is  studying  means  of  help¬ 
ing  communities  distressed  by  the  de¬ 
fense  program. 

The  Bureau  of  Publicity  has  conduct¬ 
ed  an  extensive  advertising  and  pub¬ 
licity  campaign,  which  has  brought 
thousands  of  vacationists  to  the  state, 
and  has  disseminated  considerable  in¬ 
formation  on  the  state’s  industrial  ad¬ 
vantages  as  a  place  for  business  and 
residence.  In  addition,  its  experienced 
editorial  staff  has  given  great  aid  to 
newspapers,  radio  stations  and  maga¬ 
zines  in  their  coverage  of  the  state’s 
defense  clinics. 

Through  this  Bureau,  the  Division 
conducted  a  successful  “Buy  Coal 
Now”  campaign  during  the  summer 
and  fall  months  so  that  railroad  freight 
trains  would  have  more  room  for  war 
goods  during  the  winter  months.  A 
survey  conducted  at  the  close  of  this 
publicity  campaign  by  the  New  York 
State  Retail  Solid  Fuel  Merchants  As¬ 
sociation  prompted  that  organization 
to  state  that  during  last  summer  “there 
was  a  marked  increase  in  anthracite 
retail  sales  over  those  of  previous  sum¬ 
mers.” 

Many  New  York  State  resort  areas 
reported  last  summer’s  vacation  busi¬ 
ness  as  excellent,  giving  much  credit 
to  the  Bureau  of  Publicity.  The  Bu¬ 
reau  placed  advertisements  describing 
the  state’s  advantages  in  scores  of 
newspapers;  distributed  thousands  of 
free  copies  of  a  colorful  64-page  New 
York  guide,  “An  Empire  Great  .  .  •. 
New  York  State,”  and  answered  thou¬ 


sands  of  inquiries  for  specific  informa¬ 
tion  about  places  to  see  and  things  to 
do  in  the  state. 

At  the  close  of  the  summer  season 
the  Bureau  promoted  the  fall  attrac¬ 
tions  of  the  state.  A  campaign  is  now 
underway  to  publicize  the  numerous 
winter  sports  opportunities  in  New 
York.  With  the  cooperation  of  local 
chambers  of  commerce,  winter  sport 
clubs  and  various  civic  organizations, 
the  Bureau  has  compiled  detailed  data 
about  more  than  100  winter  sports  cen¬ 
ters  in  the  state  where  skiing,  ice- 
skating,  tobogganing,  ski-joring  and 
other  winter  activities  may  be  enjoyed. 


Buy  Defense 
Bonds 

In  our  all-out  fight  to  win  this 
war  and  to  preserve  everything 
we  hold  dear,  the  government’s 
great  need  is  for  money  and  more 
money.  This  money  must  come 
from  the  people.  IT  IS  OUR 
WAR,  and  we  and  our  children 
and  our  children’s  children  will 
have  to  pay  for  it. 

One  way  to  help  when  the  gov¬ 
ernment  most  needs  help  is  to 
buy  Defense  Bonds  and  Stamps. 
These  bonds  pay  a  very  fair  ijg,te 
of  interest.  They  are  as  safe  as 
the  nation  is  safe.  They  mhy  be 
secured  from  your  local  bank  or 
from  the  post  office.  Don’t  wait! 
The  need  is  urgent.  If  you  can 
spare  dollars,  buy  defense  bonds. 
If  you  can  spare  cents,  buy  de¬ 
fense  stamps.  We  all  can  spare 
something. 


This  information  is  made  available 
free  by  the  Bureau  of  Publicity  in  two 
32-page  booklets,  “Ski  Trails  of  New 
York  State”  and  “Get  the  Best  of 
Winter  in  New  York  State.’’  For 
copies,  address  the  Division  of  Com¬ 
merce,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Creation  by  the  State  of  New  York 
of  an  official  agency  to  which  indus¬ 
try  could  turn  for  guidance  during  this 
transitory  period  from  “business  as 
usual”  to  “priorities  for  defense”  has 
been  acknowledged  as  a  most  fortun¬ 
ate  circumstance.  Now  that  this  coun¬ 
try  is  at  war,  the  work  of  the  Division 
of  Commerce  should  be  of  even  greater 
importance  to  the  state  and  nation. 


In  the  Horse  and  Buggy  Days 

( Continued  from  Page  5) 


turn-over.  Dad  and  I  had  a  special 
technique  which  A.  I.  copied  and  which 
Mother  didn’t  approve  but  hadn’t  yet 
vetoed.  We  cleaned  up  our  plate  real 
well;  then  turned  it  over  and  used  the 
bottom  for  our  pie  plate. 

Mother  passed  the  pie-plate,  and  at 
the  same  time  placed  the  turn-over  in 
front  of  A.  I.,  saying,  “There  isn’t 
enough  pie  for  everybody,  so  you’ll  have 
to  eat  the  turn-over,  A.  I.”  This  was 
a  little  suspicious,  for  the  turn-over 
was  the  nicest  part,  of  course,  but  A. 
I  didn’t  seem  to  notice  it.  We  all  ate 
our  pie  slowly  and  watched  A.  I.  He 
cut  off  the  end  and  ate  it;  then  a  huge 
chunk  nearer  the  middle,  and  without 
a  change  of  expression,  chewed  and 
swallowed  that.  We  held  our  breath 
and  waited.  Maybe  the  cheese  cloth 
and  salt  and  soda  were  clear  at  the 
other  end.  Now  A.  I.  took  the  next 
huge  mouthful,  ate  with  satisfaction, 
and  then  finished  the  end  piece. 

We  expected  to  see  tears  roll  down 
his  cheeks,  but  never  by  any  sign  did 


he  show  that  anything  was  wrong. 
A.  1.  ate  the  last  srpall  crumb  from 
his  plate,  wiped  his  mustache  with  his 
thumb  and  forefinger,  and  pushed  back 
his  chair. 

“Just  the  kind  of  pie  I’d  expect  you 
to  make,  Mary,”  said  he  to  Mother. 

“You’re  a  darned  old  fake,”  said 
Mother. 

“Aw,  Mary,  what  have  I  done  now?” 
said  A.  I.,  with  a  good-natured  grin 
as  he  pulled  on  his  blue  jumper  and 
started  for  the  bam. 

The  only  satisfaction  we  got  was  to 
note  that  A.  I.  stopped  at  the  water 
pail  and  drank  almost  a  dipper  of 
water. 

“I’ll  bet  that  saleratus  makes  him 
swell  up  and  bust,”  I  volunteered. 

“There,”  said  Mother,  “that  isn’t 
very  nice  —  you’d  better  fill  the  wood- 
box.” 

“I  don’t  believe  that  joke  was  on 
A.  I.,”  said  Dad,  with  a  grin.  We  all 
looked  a  little  sheepish. 

(To  be  continued ) 


/ 


American  Agriculturist,  January  17,  1942 


13  (69) 


Asbestos  for  Furnace  Pipes 

I  would  like  to  know  the  name  of  a 
good  binder  to  hold  abestos  paper  on  hot 
air  furnace  pipes.  I  have  been  told  to  use 
shellac,  but  am  wondering  if  it  would 
give  off  an  odor  when  the  furnace  is 
operating. 

The  usual  paste  or  binder  used  for 
fastening  asbestos  paper  on  warm  air 
furnace  pipes  is  one  made  with  rye  flour. 
This  was  used  on  our  own  furnace  sev¬ 
eral  years  ago  in  a  rather  damp  base¬ 
ment,  and  it  has  so  far  shown  nb  signs 
of  coming  loose.  All  heating  and  sheet 
metal  supply  houses  carry  this  in  dry 
form,  and  good  heating  men  tell  me 
they  never  use  anything  else. 

I  suppose  shellac  could  be  used,  and 
I  do  not  believe  it  would  cause  any 
noticeable  smell  after  the  alcohol  once 
evaporated.  However,  it  would  be  much 
more  expensive  and  would  be  very 
messy  to  use,  as  it  would  have  to  be  ap¬ 
plied  and  then  put  right  on  the  pipes. 
It  would  require  lots  of  denatured  alco¬ 
hol  to  get  it  off  your  hands,  tools,  etc. 
Better  stick  to  a  good  quality  of  rye 
paste. — I.  W.  D. 

—  A.  A. — 

Treating  Seed  Peas 

Is  there  any  way  to  treat  seed  peas  to 
prevent  rotting  and  consequent  poor 
stands? 


going  to  smother  or  wash  out  your 
seed. 

Planting  trees  at  the  top  of  the 
slopes  is  sound  practice.  Also,  where 
bad  gulleys  have  started,  it  is  possi¬ 
ble  to  make  a  brush  dam,  or  perhaps 
several  of  them,  to  catch  the  water  and 
the  soil  which  it  carries  so  that  the 
gully  may  eventually  be  filled  up  and 
reclaimed. 

Under  the  conditions  our  subscriber 
has  outlined,  it  would  be  a  waste  of 
money  to  attempt  to  plow  the  land  and 
grow  a  crop.  Of  course,  on  fields  that 
are  not  too  steep,  it  is  possible  to  con¬ 
struct  terraces  and  diversion  ditches 
and  cultivate  on  the  contour.  As  we  get 
the  picture  from  the  reader,  the  land 
he  has  in  mind  would  have  too  steep 
a  slope  to  make  this  practical. 

— a.  a. — 

Mosaic-Resistant  Berries 

What  varieties  of  raspberries  are  re¬ 
sistant  to  mosaic? 

Observation  has  shown  that  the 
Latham  red  raspberry  is  rather  re¬ 
sistant  to  mosaic.  The  Herbert  is  an¬ 
other  variety,  but  the  quality  is  not 
considered  tops.  The  Newburgh  is  al¬ 
so  rather  resistant  to  mosaic,  and  its 
quality  is  excellent. 

— a.  a.  — 


The  Geneva  (New  York)  Experi¬ 
ment  Station  reports  excellent  results 
from  treating  peas.  Some  of  the  ma¬ 
terials  that  may  be  used  are:  cupro- 
cide,  semesan  and  spergon.  Where 
seed  is  drilled,  a  little  graphite  is  usu¬ 
ally  added  to  facilitate  the  flow  of 
seed. 

—a.  a. — 

"Lend-Lease”  Bulls 

I  have  heard  something  about  a  plan 
where  dairymen  lease  bull  calves  to  other 
dairymen.  Can  you  tell  me  how'  this 
works  out? 

Usually  a  man  with  a  purebred  herd 
who  doesn’t  have  the  room  or  the  time 
to  raise  all  of  his  bull  calves  will  lease 
a  young  bull  to  another  dairyman  on 
an  agreement  something  like  this:  The 
dairyman  who  gets  the  bull  calf  pays 
the  owner  $1.00  to  legalize  the  con¬ 
tract.  Then  he  agrees  to  raise  the  bull 
until  he  is  say  two  y<fears  of  age,  at 
which  time  he  goes  back  to  the  man 
who  originally  owned  him. 

It  is  a  good  deal  for  both  parties. 
The  man  with  the  purebred  herd  gets 
his  calf  grown  without  cost.  The  man 
who  raises  him  and  keeps  him  for  two 
years  gets  a  year’s  use  of  him  for  his 
raising.  What  is  mojre,  the  chances  are 
that  he  gets  a  much  better  bull  than 
he  would  if  he  should  raise  a  grade.  It 
is  a  plan  that  could  well  be  used  more 
extensively  than  iti  is. 

— A.  a. — 

i  -  'v 

Controlling'  Erosion 

In  this  locality  tl/iere  are  numerous  hilly 
fields  that  are  barjlly  eroded  and  washed 
out.  Although  neejded  for  pasture,  these 
fields  are  useless  / to  the  farmers.  Many 
plots  are  too  snhall  for  planting  trees. 
Would  it  be  practical  to  sow  Birdsfoot 
Trefoil,  and  perhaps  sweet  clover  and  a 
good  pasture  grass;  and  then  give  the 
grass  time  enough  to  grow  before  pas¬ 
turing?  It  seem.4,  also,  that  some  trees 
at  the  top  of  taiese  steep  slopes  would 
help  prevent  soil!  erosion. 

Although  the  reader  says  that  these 
fields  are  too  sjmall  to  plant  trees,  we 
still  feel  that  /trees  are  the  best  crop 
for  them.  | 

The  first  principle  in  pasture  im¬ 
provement  is  tcp  improve  the  best  parts 
of  the  pasture/  first,  rather  than  the 
poorest.  Besidets  that,  it  is  going  to  be 
difficult  to  gejt  a  stand  of  grass  on 
slopes  that  arje  already  badly  eroded. 
Water  coming  /down  these  slopes  is  just 


Asparagus  for  the  Garden 

How  deep  should  asparagus  be  set? 
Are  asparagus  plants  ever  set^n  the  fall? 

It  is  generally  agreed  that  spring  is 
a  better  time  than  fall  for  setting  out 
asparagus  plants.  J.  R.  Hepler  of  the 
New  Hampshire  College  of  Agriculture 
suggests  that  you  might  dig  a  trench 
15"  to  18"  deep  in  the  fall.  Put  8"  of 
manure  in  it,  and  cover  it  with  2"  or  3" 
of  soil.  The  next  spring  you  can  set 
your  plants  out  just  as  soon  as  the 
ground  is  ready  to  work. 

Mr.  Hepler  also  says  that  for  the 
home  garden  there  is  little  advantage 
in  putting  asparagus  as  deep  as  is 
recommended  for  commercial  plant¬ 
ings.  Particularly  if  the  soil  is  heavy, 
3"  to  4"  is  deep  enough.  The  principal 
reason  for  planting  asparagus  deeper  is 
to  prevent  damage  to  crowns  when  it 
is  cultivated;  and,  particularly  if  your 
home  garden  is  cultivated  with  a  wheel 
cultivator,  you  are  hot  likely  to  go 
deeper  than  2"  or  3". 

— a.  a. — 

Selling'  Farm  Seeds 

In  New  York  State  can  I  sell  seeds 
grown  on  my  own  farm?  What  do  I  have 
to  do  to  comply  with  the  New  York  State 
Seed  Law? 

You  can  sell  any  field  seeds  without 
testing  to  a  man  who  is  in  the  seed 
business.  You  can  sell  field  crop  seeds 
(such  as  buckwheat,  corn,  oats,  wheat) 
which  you  grow  yourself,  to  anyone 
who  comes  to  your  farm  to  get  them. 
You  can  sell  any  kind  of  seeds  to  any¬ 
one,  either  delivering  them  personally 
or  shipping  them,  if  you  have  a  germi¬ 
nation  test  made  and  label  each  lot 
sold  with  the  germination  test  and  the 
date  of  the  test. 

✓  — A.  A.-r- 

Rostrict  Runners 

In  growing  strawberries,  is  it  best  to 
restrict  the  growth  of  runners  by  cutting 
off  some  of  them,  or  let  them  go  as  they 
will? 

Careful  experiments  have  shown 
that  you  will  get  a  better  crop  if  plants 
are  not  allowed  to  grow  too  thickly. 
From  each  of  the  plants  you  set  out, 
let  about  six  runners  grow  and  allow 
each  of  these  runners  to  set  one  plant. 
The  quality  of  berries  will  be  better, 
and  you  will  get  more  of  them. 


/VC. 


WEST  CHELMSTORO 
Dept .  12  AMJX 


A  complete  replacement  for  grit  and  shell, 
combining  insoluble  granite  grit  with 
calcium  carbonate. 

LIMEROLL  is  a  balanced  supplement.  It 
will  save  you  money  and  time,  help  to, 
make  stronger,  more  uniform  shell  tex¬ 
ture,  insure  proper  grinding  of  feed. 

Months  have  been  spent  experimenting  to 
find  your  birds'  needs  for  grit  and  cal¬ 
cium.  They  need  an  insoluble  grinding 
agent,  plus  calcium  for  egg  shells,  bone 
building  and  health.  LIMEROLL  blends 
roll-crush  insoluble  granite  grit,  limestone 
particles,  and  calcium  flour,  in 
balance — one  easy-to-feed  supplement, 
will  not  upset  the  mineral  balance  of  the 
feed;  it  prevents  the  over-consumption  of 
calcium  which  can  occur  when  limestone 
grit  is  used  by  itself.  Your  birds  can 
have  controlled  calcium  intake  as  well 
as  proper  feed  assimilation. 

There  is  no  waste  with  LIMEROLL.  In 
a  bag  of  oyster  shell,  you  have  about 
15%  waste,  in  off-size  particles  and  dust. 
Besides,  there  is  a  continual  loss  as  the 
birds  pick  at  the  shell  in  the  hoppers; 
much  useless  dust  remains.  With  LIME¬ 
ROLL,  every  granule  is  used. 

Now,  when  labor  is  scarce  and  your  gov¬ 
ernment  wants  maximum  efficiency,  you 
will  value  the  labor-saving  features  of 
LIMEROLL.  You  have  only  ONE  supple¬ 
ment  to  buy,  store,  and  feed. 

LIMEROLL,  because  it  controls  calcium 
intake,  helps  make  shell  strength  and 
texture  more  uniform,  helps  overcome  sea¬ 
sonal  fluctuations  in  egg  Quality. 

LIMEROLL  is  white,  attractive  to  the 
birds.  Tests  have  shown  that  hens 
quickly  learn  to  eat  just  the  right  amount. 


lomblnei 

functions  o' 

sirs,  s: 

a  need  feed 
ilomcnt. 


Ask  your  dealer 
about  LIMEROLL. 
He  has  it,  or  can 
get  it  for  you. 

Invest  your  extra 
farm  profits  in  De¬ 
fense  Bonds,  and 
have  savings  to 
meet  after-the-war 
problems. 


Be  sure  to  start 
your  chicks  onRolU 
Crush  Chick  Grit* 
—  insoluble,  hard 
granite.  LIME¬ 
ROLL  has  been  de¬ 
veloped  b  y  the 
makers  of  Roll- 
Crush  only  for  lay¬ 
ers.  breeders,  grow¬ 
ing  birds,  turkeys. 


Motict)  th»  waste 
In  Your  SI 
Hoppers. 

No  Watte  with 
LIMEROLL. 


mint  the  steps 
and  minutes 
you'll  save  with 
onegrit-and-shell 
product  t#  feed. 


lelp  your  birds 
to  make  uniforn 
shells  with 
LIMEROLL. 


FUR  RANCHERS! 


Unequal 

service 
Quick  action 
FuU  market 

value 


. . .  sell  your  furs  through  the 
world's  leading  fur  auction  house 


When  you  sell  your  furs  through  the  world’s 
largest  auction  house,  all  these  advantages  are 
yours:  Finest  outlets,  a  highly  trained  technical 
staff,  expert  grading,  excellent  display,  keen 
competitive  bidding  insuring  full  market  value. 
Consider  these  advantages  when  you  plan 
your  next  shipment.  Write  for  full  information. 


Lampson,  Fraser  &  Hath,  Inc. 


151  West  30  th  Street 


New  York,  N.Y. 


FALSE  TEETH 


LOW  AS 

$700 


PRICED  TO  FIT 
YourPocketbook 
90-DAY  TRIAL 


Compare  quality  and  price.  Let  us  show  you  how 
you  can  have  a  beautiful  Dental  Plate  made  under 
supervision  of  a  licensed  Dentist. 

Crun  kin  uniicv  Just  your  name  and  address 
deni#  llU  InUilCI  on  postcard  will  bring  you 
FREE  illustrated  folder,  im¬ 
pression  material-  WRITE  TODAY. 

BROOKFIELD  DENTAL  PLATE  CO. 

Dept.  65-A2.  Brookfield,  Mo. 


BE  SATISFIED 

In  remodelling  or  repairing  yonr 
home  be  sure  to  use  reliable  equip¬ 
ment  and  good  materials.  Patron¬ 
ize  American  Agriculturist  advertis¬ 
ers  and  you  will  be  satisfied. 


POST  YOUR  FARM 

AND  KEEP  TRESPASSERS  OFF. 

We  can  supply  you  with  signs,  printed  on  heavy, 
coated  cloth,  that  meet  legal  requirements. 
Write  for  prices. 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST, 

10  North  Cherry  St..  Poughkeepsie.  N.  f. 


UNUSUAL  OPPORTUNITY 

FOR  DOMESTIC  SERVICE  IN  ATTRACTIVE 
SURROUNDINGS  WITH  REGULAR  HOURS 

A  nationally  known  private  hospital  in  a  large  New 
England  city  has  openings  in  its  housekeeping  depart¬ 
ment  for  women  wishing  to  work  as  house  workers  and 
as  maids.  In  addition  to  steady  wages  with  no  lay¬ 
offs.  the  following  advantages  are  offered: 

Pleasant  living  conditions  in  a  new,  modern, 
uncrowded  building. 

Convenience  to  churches,  stores,  shopping  and 
amusement  districts.  Chapel  on  grounds. 

Full  day  off  each  week ;  week-end  off  about 
every  two  months:  nine-hour  day. 

No  former  hospital  experience  required — neiw 
maids  instructed  by  staff  members.  V 

DUTIES:  General  housework,  table  service,  minor  nr«D- 
arations  for  service  of  meals. 

Mature  women  are  invited  to  apply,  giving  age,  ex¬ 
perience  and  names  of  former  employers. 

BOX  514- N,  American  Agriculturist,  Ithaca,  N,  Y. 


(70)  14 


American  Agriculturist,  January  17,  1942 


NositheoAt  jpsi  NoAtU&GAt  Pn&duceM 


HOLSTEIN 


Buy  Them  Young  and  Save  Money 

Your  next  Herd  Sire  from  one  of  our  Outstanding 
Show  Bulls.  Bred  for  production  too. 

.  Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  THAEUBWUAR'NT.  £ARYMS' 


FOR  SALE:  HOLSTEINS 

15  PURE  BRED  REGISTERED  FIRST  CALF  SPRING¬ 
ING  HEIFERS.  T.B.  AND  BANG  ACCREDITED. 

2  and  3  yr.  old.  Priced  to  sell  at  once.  Call,  don’t  write. 

Howard  Samuels,  Dunraven,  N.  Y. 


DAIRY  COWS  H OLSTEINS *and  GUERNSEYS 

Fresh  and  nearby.  Blood-tested. 

Frank  W.  Arnold,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 
FOR  SALE:  At  Farmer’s  Prices, 

sons  of  excellent  type  from  our  4%  “Invincible”  daugh¬ 
ters  sired  by  Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

Orchard  Hill  Stock  Farm,  Fo'rt  piai^il^V. 


GUERNSEY 


TARBELL  FARMS  GUERNSEYS 

Federal  Accredited  —  360  HEAD  —  Negative 
YOUNG  BULLS  FOR  SALE.  CLOSELY  RELATED  TO 
Tarbell  Farms  Peerless  Margo  613193,  18501.4  lbs.  Milk. 

1013.3  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  3  Yr.  Old. 
Tarbell  Farms  Royal  Lenda  467961,  20508.9  lbs.  Milk, 
1109.0  lbs.  Fat.  World's  Champion  Jr.  4  Yr.  Old. 

TARBELL  FARMS 

Smithville  Flats,  New  York 

FOR  SALE:  10  OPEN,  WELL  GROWN 

GRADE  GUERNSEY  HEIFERS 

FROM  OUR  OWN  T.B.  AND  BLOOD  TESTED  DAIRY. 
SIRED  BY  A  SON  OF  MAY  ROYAL’S  HOLLISTON. 

E.  E.  KEZER  &  SON,  Massena,  N.  Y. 


LAKE  DELAWARE  FARMS 

DELHI,  N.  Y.,  OFFERS  FOR  SALE 

i  REGISTERED  GUERNSEY  BULLS 

Ready  for  Light  Service.  Price  from  $100.00  up. 
Also  a  few  Heifers,  all  ages.  Apply  at  once. 


HEREFOROS 


FOR  SALE:  FIFTEEN  HEAD 

2 -Year  Old  Grade  Hereford  Heifers 

Bred  from  purebred  dams  and  sires,  rebred  to  1941 
Champion  Bull  at  Cornell  University,  due  to  calf 
April  or  May.  These  cattle  are  tuberculosis  and 
abortion  free.  Also  pure  bred  bull  calf  born 
Sept.,  1941. 

STEPHEN  O’HAGAN, 

VOORHEESVILLE,  NEW  YORK 


ABERDEEN -ANGUS 
ABERDEEN-ANGUS 

REGISTERED  BULL  CALVES,  E I G HT  M 0 NT HS  O LD, 
WEIGHT  600  LBS.  THICK,  LOW-DOWN,  REAL 
BEEF  TYPE.  $125.00  EACH. 

TM  crnnisi  GENEVA,  NEW  YORK 
.  1V1.  Route  5  &  20. 


HEREFORD  —  ANGUS 

EVERYTHING  IN  REGISTERED  AND 
COMMERCIAL  BREEDING  STOCK. 

West  Acres  Farms,  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEINS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 


CATTLE:  500  HEAD 

Fancy  Fresh  and  Forward  Dairy  Cattle. 

PRICED  RIGHT.  FREE  DELIVERY. 

F  L  Fnotp  &  Snn  Inr  hobart,  n.  y. 
l..  rooie  <x  oon,  me.,  established  i 845 


SHEEP 


Registered  Hampshire  Rams 

C.  HILLMAN 

Tabernacle,  New  Jersey- 

“ 

Pure  Bred  Karakul  Ram — (Persian) 

Five  1st  cross  ewe  lambs,  good  color. 

C.  H.  SCHMIDT,  CORFU,  N.  Y. 


SWINE 


PUREBRED  HAMPSHIRES 

SOWS,  OPEN  OR  BRED,  BOARS.  BARROWS 
AND  GILTS  FOR  SALE. 

6  miles  East  on  Route  79,  R.D.  2,  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 
D.  W.  HANSON,  Member  Hampshire  Herdsman. 

Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 

BLACK  POLAND  CHINA 

Quality  Breeding  Stock,  young  boars, 
sows,  bred  gilts,  pigs.  Also  Spotted  Po¬ 
land  China  service  boar  and  pigs.  Write 
C.  HILLMAN,  Tabernacle,  N.  J. 

REGISTERED  DUROCS 

Boars,  Gilts  and  Fall  Pigs. 

Russell  F.  Pattington,  SciNPew  York®"' 
Pure  Bred  Chester  White  Pigs — 

8  WEEKS  OLD.  ALL  STOCK  GRAIN  FED. 
These  are  bacon  type  pigs — :sows  or  boars.  $10  F.O.B. 

Whitman’s  Piggery,  Earlville,  N.  Y. 


HELP  WANTED 


Wanted:  Instructor-Cottage  Mother 

couples  at  The  Children's  Village,  a  private  school  for 
unadjusted  boys.  Man  would  share  responsibility  for 
a  20  boy  cottage  with  his  wife  and  another  couple  and 
should  be  able  to  teach  one  of  the  following  trades: 
Carpentry,  plumbing,  electricity  or  general  shop.  The 
salary  ranges  from  $130.00  to  $150.00  and  maintenance 
per  month  for  each  couple.  Four  years  High  School 
and  seven  years  in  trade  required  for  instructors. 
Contact  DOUGLAS  W.  MERRILL, 

Adm.  Asst,  to  Exec.  Director, 

THE  CHILDREN’S  VILLAGE,  DOBBS  FERRY,  N.  Y. 

WANTED:  Male  Ward  Attendants, 

age  17  to  50,  wages  $54.00  per  month  with  board,  room 
and  laundry.  Write  or  apply  in  person  for  further 
information, 

State  Hospital,  Kings  Park,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 

SUPERINTENDENT  WANTS  — 

COUPLE  OR  SMALL  FAMILY 

for  farm  estate  near  Oneonta,  N.  Y.  Good  pay,  nice 
house,  running  water,  bath,  electricity,  furnace.  Gen¬ 
eral  hillside  farm  work.  6  to  8  cows,  young  stock, 
team,  tractor,  care  of  milk  and  separator  dishes. 
Must  like  livestock  and  give  them  good  care,  and  be 
clean,  industrious,  honest  and  dependable.  Good  steady 
position  for  the  right  people.  Middle  aged  preferred. 
If  foreign  born,  give  naturalization  data. 

BOX  514-M,  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST, 
ITHACA,  NEW  YORK 


■ 


CoenJtA' 


Cattle  Sales 

Mar.  30  The  Capitol  Holstein  Sale,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
Juno  20  Field  Day  and  Summer  Sale  of  New  York 
Jersey  Breeders,  Meridale  Farms,  Dela¬ 
ware  County. 

Coming  Events 


Jan. 

19-23 

Pennsylvania  Farm  Show,  Harrisburg.  Pa. 

Jan. 

20 

Annual  Banquet  of  Pennsylvania  Guernsey 
Breeders  Ass’n.,  Fifth  Street  Methodist 
Church,  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  6:30. 

Jan. 

20-21 

Connecticut  Dairymen’s  Ass’n.  Annual  Con¬ 
vention,  Hotel  Garde,  Hartford. 

Jan. 

20-22 

Maine  Pomological  Society  Annual  Meet¬ 
ing,  Lewiston. 

Jan. 

20-22 

Pennsylvania  State  Horticultural  Ass’n. 
Annual  Meeting,  Harrisburg. 

Jan. 

20-22 

Lewiston  Trade  ShoW,  The  Armory,  Lewis¬ 
ton,  Me. 

Jan. 

21 

Annual  Meeting  of  the  New  York  State 
Agricultural  Society,  State  Office  Building, 
Albany. 

Jan. 

21 

1  Ith  Annual  Meeting  of  Pennsylvania 
Guernsey  Breeders  Ass’n.,  Penn-Harris 
Hotel,  Harrisburg. 

Jan. 

27-30 

Agricultural  Week  and  Farm  Show,  Tren¬ 
ton,  N.  J. 

Jan. 

28-30 

New  York  State  Horticultural  Society  East¬ 
ern  Meeting,  Kingston. 

Feb. 

3 

8th  Annual  Meeting  of  Hartford  Produc¬ 
tion  Credit  Ass’n.,  Hotel  Garde,  Hartford, 
Conn. 

Feb. 

4-  5 

Annual  Conservation  Conference,  Hotel 
Taft,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Feb. 

9-14 

Farrfi  and  Home  Week,  Cornell  University, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Feb. 

24 

Eastern  States  Farmers’  Exchange  Annual 
Meeting,  Masonic  Temple,  Springfield,  Mass. 

Feb. 

24-25 

Annual  New  England  Baby  Chick  &  Egg 
Show,  Town  Hall  Auditorium,  Meriden, 
Conn. 

Feb. 

24-26 

Ilth  Annual  Vermont  Chick  &  Egg  Show, 
Knights  of  Columbus  Hall,  Rutland,  Vt. 

Mar. 

26 

Annual  Meeting  of  Maine  Jersey  Cattle 
Club,  Orono,  Maine. 

May 

14 

National  Ayrshire  Sale,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

POULTRY 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS,  ROCK-RED 
CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


LEGHORNS— NEW  HAMPSHIRES 

BARRED  ROCKS  — CROSSES 
“BRED  TO  LAY  —  LAY  TO  PAY” 

Write  for  descriptive  catalog  and  prices. 

GLENWOOD  FARMS,  IT„Vc“;  N3:  Y. 


BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

Have  for  immediate  delivery  U.  S.  R.O.P.  Leghorn 
Cockerels  from  hens  laying  250  to  317  eggs. 
Please  write  for  our  1942  price  list  describing  our 
Leghorns,  Barred  Plymouth  Rocks,  and  Reds. 
100%  Pullorum  clean. 

ELI  H.  BODINE, 

Box  28,  CHEMUNG,  N.  Y. 


CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  APPROVED  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 
ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellas,  New  York 


Keystone  English  Black  Leghorns. 

HEALTHIEST  BREED.  GREAT  LAYERS. 

EGGS  AND  STOCK  FOR  SALE.  CIRCULAR  FREE. 

The  Keystone  Farms,  Richfield,  Pa. 


The  McGregor  Farm,  Maine,  N.  Y. 

SINGLE-COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Send  for  circular. 


McLoughlin  Leghorns 

Progeny-test  bred.  7-time  New  York 
R.O.P.  champions  with  average  produc- 
tion  records  of  257,  253,  256,  258,  266, 
■feVO  261  and  262  eggs.  U.S.  Pullorum  Clean. 

V  Met  aughlin  Leghorn  Farm,  Chatham  Center.  N.Y. 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAMPSHIRES, 
BARRED  ROCKS,  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  All  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
Folder  and  Prices. 

WILLIAM  S.  MAPES,  „iddleBt°0xWn%.  y. 


HOBART  POULTRY  FARM 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

Our  Leghorns  arc  listed  on  the  viability  honor  roll 
just  released.  This  report,  computed  on  a  three 
year  average,  also  shows  that  our  birds  have  the 
largest  egg  size  of  any  Leghorn  breeder  at  the 
Central  New  York  Test. 

Write  for  circular  with  pictures  of  our  stock 
and  methods. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  Box  H,  Hobart,  N.Y. 


% 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Officially  Pullorum  Passed.  N.  Y.  U.  S.  Approved 

BREEDING  COCKERELS 
Write  for  Folder 

E.  R.  Stone  and  Son 


Box  A 

Clyde,  N.  Y. 


ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS,  REDS.  ROCK-RED  CROSS, 
WHITE  ROCKS— “They  Satisfy.” 

Pullorum  free,  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  details. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER,  Box  C.  GALLUPVILLE,  N.  Y. 

NEW  YORK  U.  S.  APPROVED 

NEW  HAMPSHIRES  &  LEGHORNS 

DESCRIPTIVE  CIRCULAR. 

The  Hiscock  Hatchery,  new'york. 
DANISH  POULTRY  FARM 

Family  Tested  Leghorns  —  New  Hampshires. 
Storrs,  Conn.,  Test  1940-1941,  13  Full  sisters 
av.  270  eggs  per  bird.  Harrisburg,  Penna., 
test,  13  Full  sisters  av.  240  eggs  per  bird. 

A.  E.  DANISH, 

Troy,  New  York 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


POULTRY 


EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

.  BREEDING  MALES 

PULLORUM  TESTED  —  NO  REACTORS 
JamCS  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  Trumansburg.  N.  Y. 


9400 

LAYERS 


Rich  Poultry  Farms 

Leghorns  Progeny  Tested  Reds 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE'S  OLDEST  AND 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS. 

Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de¬ 
scribes  our  method  of  growing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 

Schwegler’s  “THOR-O-BREDS” 

HOLD  II  WORLD  OFFICIAL  RECORDS. 

Stock  from  2Q0-324  egg  Pedigree  Breeders  2  to  5  years 
old  —  Leghorns,  White  Rocks.  Barred  Rocks,  R.  I. 
Reds,  New  Hampshires,  Wyandottes,  Giants.  Orpingtons, 
Minorcas,  Red-Rock  Cross.  Pekin  Ducks — Blood  Test¬ 
ed  Breeders.  Write  for  free  Catalog. 

SCHWEGLER’S  HATCHERY 

208  NORTHAMPTON.  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

q3a^'yC,<  Pedigree  S.C.W.  Leghorns 

B. W.D.  TESTED  PULLETS  AND  BREEDING  STOCK. 
Progeny  Tested  under  supervision  Cornell  University. 

Hartwick  Hatchery,  Inc.,  Hartwick,  N.Y. 

Get  the  desired  increased  production  of 

LARGE,  WHITE.  QUALITY  EGGS 
by  purchasing  our  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns,  backed  by  29 
years  'of  breeding  for  livability,  production  and  type. 
Always  100%  clean  on  pullorum  test. 

Kutschbach  &  Son,  Sherburne,  N.  Y. 

C.  &  G.  FARM  s-rPRAAR.MNEN£ios 

TRAPNESTED  AND  PROGENY  TESTED  FOR  YEARS. 
SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 

C.  &  G.  Farm,  Ballston  Lake,  N.  Y. 
WHITEHEAD’S  FOR  REDS 

Rugged  Northern  Bred  Pullorum  Clean  Stock  that 
PAYS  in  Eggs,  then  PAYS  again  in  meat. 
Circular  free.  REDS  —  CROSSES.  Established  1927. 

Roy  S.  Whitehead,  Chateaugay,  N.  Y. 

— —  ■'  - - 


HAY 


25  Tons  Baled  Hay  $16 

Mixed  grasses  with  some  clover. 

Elmer  L.  Merrill  &  Son 

Waverly,  New  York 

BALED  HAY  AND  STRAW 

ALL  GRADES  MIXED  HAY  AND  ALFALFA. 
DELIVERED  BY  TRUCK  OR  CARLOAD. 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 


FARM:  143  ACRES 

highly  productive,  never  failing  creek  watered  pasture, 
buildings  in  first  class  condition,  barn  cost  $8500  five 
years  ago.  Will  sacrifice  for  quick  sale.  Owner: 

Wm.  Pomella,  Canajoharie,  N.  Y. 


For  Sale:  Waugh  Farm  of  129  Acres 

NEAR  THIS  VILLAGE:  EXCELLENT  SOIL,  GOOD 
WATER  AND  BUILDINGS. 

E.  C.  Barkman,  Executor,  WnewINyoGrLk.N’ 


FARM  FOR  RENT 


TO  RENT:  Chicken  or  Duck  Farm 

with  dwelling.  Towners,  N.  Y. 

SIMEON  BRADY,  SOMERS,  N.  Y. 


HONEY 


Choice  White  Clover  Honey, 

5  lb.,  90c;  10  lbs.,  $1.60.  Buckwheat,  5  lbs.,  80s; 
10  lbs.,  $1.40,  Postpaid.  60  lbs.  Clover,  $4.80;  Buck¬ 
wheat,  $4.20  here,,  liquid. 

Harry  T.  Gable,  Rcjmulus,  N.  Y. 

HONFY*  60  lbs-  best  clover  $4.80,  buckwheat 
1  •  $4.20,  mixed  fall  honey,  good  flavor 

$4.20;  28  lb.  clover  (handy  p.ail)  $2.40;  24  combs 
clover  $3.60.  Above  not  prepaid'  10  lbs.  clover  post¬ 
paid  $1.60.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Remember  that 
honey  is  a  natural,  unprocessed  sweet. 

F.  W.  LESSER,  FAYETTEVILLE.  N.  Y. 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

This  page  is  for  the  use  of  American  Agriculturist  subscribers  at  a  low  rate  to  sell  farm  produce  and  livestock. 
Advertisements  are  limited  to  either  one  inch  or  one  half  inch  space.  American  Agriculturist  is  published  every 
»ther  Saturday.  Copy  must  be  received  at  American  Agriculturist,  Advertising  Department,  Box  514  Ithaca. 
Maw  York,  II  days  before  publication  date  Terms;  1.  Contract  basis — Six  or  7  issues — bill  mailed  at  end 


of  first  month.  2%  10  days,  30  days  net.  2.  Less  than  contract  basis  —  cash  with  oriier.  No  Baby  Chick 

advertising  accepted.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows: 

1st  Quarter  Jan.  3,  17,  31:  Feb.  14,  28:  Mar.  14.  28:  %  inch  for  7  issues  $14.00;  one  inch  for  7  Issues  $28.00 

2nd  Quarter  April  II,  25:  May  9,  23;  June  6,  20:  </2  inch  for  6  issues  $12.00;  one  inch  for  6  issues  $24.00 

3rd  Quarter  July  4,  18;  Aug.  I,  15,  29;  Sept.  12,  26:  >/2  inch  for  7  issues  $14.00;  one  irveh  for  7  issues  $28.00 

4th  Quarter  Oct.  10,  24;  Nov.  7,  21;  Dec.  5,  19:  %  inch  for  6  issues  $12  00:  one  inch  for  6  issues  $24.00 


American  Agriculturist,  January  17,  1942  * 


15  (71) 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


NEW  ENGLAND  hasn’t  much  snow 
or  much  water  in  spite  of  a  rain 
the  day  before  Christmas.  Unfortu¬ 
nately,  two  or  three  days  previous  to 
this  rain  the  thermometer  had  stayed 
mostly  below  zero  and  hard,  frozen 
ground  certainly  did  not  help  the  wells 
or  streams  fill  up. 

In  spite  of  all  this,  livestock  looks 
good.  I  had  really  expected  to  find  it 
poor  and  out  of  condition,  particularly 
with  most  sections  experiencing  the 
driest  summer  and  fall  in  years.  Per¬ 
haps  the  open,  late  fall  is  the  answer, 
but  this  explanation  hardly  seems  to 
satisfy  under  drought  conditions  — 
hauling  water,  etc.  The  only  real  an¬ 
swer  that  I  can  see  is  that  it’s  just  a 
livestock  year.  I  am  still  asking  for  an 
explanation  of  that  statement.  Some  say 
the  hay  is  carrying  greater  food  value; 
some  that  grain  is  comparatively 
cheap;  and  some  that  such  years  de¬ 
mand  that  practically  every  farm  use 
anything  and  everything  it  has,  and 


THEY'RE  IN  THE  ARMY  NOW 


EEP  them  well  and  healthy 
so  they  can  keep  up  their 
production  of  butterfat  for 
Uncle  Sam. 

Dr.  David  Roberts  has  a  pre¬ 
scription  for  every  curable  ani¬ 
mal  ailment,  especially  cattle. 

He  will  be  glad  to  send  you  interesting 
free  literature  on  how  to  treat  your  own 
livestock  at  home.  Write  direct  to 

Dr.  David  Roberts  Veterinary  Co.  inc. 
1612  Grand  Ave.  Waukesha,  Wisconsin 


YOUR  AUCTION  SALE 


Get  top  prices  at  your  farm  auction. 
Employ  a  successful,  long-experienc¬ 
ed  auctioneer  and  public  sale  man¬ 
ager.  Advice  about  when  and  what 
you  plan  to  sell.  Ask  for  details  and 
my  low  cost  for  complete  service. 


R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS,  Mexico,  N.  Y. 


DOGS 


SHEPHERDS — Collies.  Trained  Cattle  doss  and  pups. 
Heel-drivers.  Beauties.  WILMOT,  East  Thetford,  Vt. 


... 

Rational  defense 
of  your  well  being 

For  sunshine  and  real  rest  or  for  all  the 
golf,  fishing,  bathing,  or  gay  evening  di¬ 
version  you  can  pack  in,  come  to  Sara¬ 
sota,  smart  resort  of  Florida’s  West  Coast 
—to  The  Sarasota  Terrace,  foremost  of 
Sarasota's  RESORT  hotels.  Outstanding 
for  food  and  service.  First  class  in  every 
respect.  Moderate  rates.  Booklet-write 

TIMOTHY  M.  HALL,  MANAGER 

SARASOTA 
TERRACE 

SARASOTA,  FLORIDA 

A  Collier  Florida  Hotel 
GEORGE  H.  MASON,  PRESIDENT 


thus  a  varied  diet  meets  animal  nu¬ 
trition  requirements. 

Whatever  is  doing  it,  I  can  say  I 
never  saw  animals  on  feed  in  western 
or  northern  New  York  State  do  better, 
and  never  saw  animals  in  New  England 
doing  better  than  they  are  this  sea¬ 
son.  Here  is  an  opportunity  for  some  of 
our  state  university  men  really  to  find 
out  why  last  year,  with  an  abundance 
of  feed,  results  were  not  as  satisfac¬ 
tory  as  under  the  poor  conditions  of 
this  year,  and  why  every  once  in  a 
while  we  do  have  such  a  good  livestock 
year. 

*  *  * 

This  is  “butchering”  time  in  New 
England — hog-killing  principally.  They 
still  like  them  weighing  around  350  lbs. 
up  here,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  hogs 
weighing  over  about  225  lbs.  sell  for 
less  on  our  markets.  They  are  right; 
the  markets  are  wrong  when  it  comes 
to  real  eating.  Of  course,  the  reason 
is  waste.  On  these  heavy  hogs  there  is 
no  waste  in  New  England.  Have  you 
ever  eaten  “scraps” — those  crisp  brown 
bits  left  after  the  lard  has  been  squeez¬ 
ed  out?  Mix  them  up  in  fluffy  potatoes 
on  a  zero  morning,  and  the  individual¬ 
ism  of  these  folks  is  better  understood. 

Then  the  sausage  meat  is  ground 
with  spice  and  sage.  The  bones  and 
poor  cuts  go  into  a  stew  which  is  boil¬ 
ed  and  then  canned.  Even  the  sausage 
is  rolled  into  patties  the  size  of  a  glass 
jar  and  canned  for  summer  use.  Best 
of  all  is  the  method  of  curing  the  hams 
and  shoulders  for  sixty  to  ninety  days, 
and  then  smoking,  generally  with  com 
cobs.  None  of  this  “tenderized”  ham 
for  them,  which  really  is  blowing  up 
and  breaking  down  the  tissue  with  a 
rapid-curing  liquid  and  then  smoking 
and  selling  them  within  three  days. 
Real  ham  cannot  be  produced  in  that 
way,  yet  it  is  practically  the  only  ham 
available  in  our  markets  today. 

Black-skinned  hogs  for  home  killing 
are  also  a  factor.  That’s  the  reason  the 
good  old  “Chester  White”  is  so  popu¬ 
lar.  Really  there  is  no  advantage  over 
some  of  the  dark-skinned  breeds,  but 
they  do  look  better  to  the  average 
farm  housewife;  and  when  you  think 
of  the  work  “hog  killing”  throws  upon 
farm  women,  that  becomes  important. 
*  *  * 

I  think  the  labor  situation  is  more 
acute  in  New  England  than  anywhere 
I  have  been.  How  these  people  are  go¬ 
ing  to  carry  on  any  increased  farm  pro¬ 
duction  is  really  a  question.  They  will 
do  well  to  maintain  production.  They 
are  also  very  war-conscious,  with  sol¬ 
diers  guarding  bridges,  etc.  They  have 
guards  watching  schools,  reporting  air¬ 
planes,  etc.,  on  two-hour  shifts  twenty- 
four  hours  a  day — without  pay. 

Whatever  you  may  hear  to  the  con¬ 
trary,  New  England  is  awake,  is  get¬ 
ting  ready  fast  for  anything,  and  is 
still  thrifty. 

— a.  a. — 

Young  Committee  Seeks  7 
Changes  In  Milk  Order 

(Continued  from  Page  7) 
in  some  months  than  they  do  in  others. 
The  whole  problem  is  something  that 
dairymen  need  to  study  very  carefully. 

Other  Suggested  Changes 

Other  groups  and  individuals  pro¬ 
posed  about  sixty  additional  changes. 
Some  of  these  changes  were  rather 
technical  in  nature.  Without  going  in¬ 
to  them  in  detail,  various  groups  pro¬ 
posed  changes  to  bring  about  the  fol¬ 
lowing  results: 

(1)  Eliminating  all  payments  to  coop¬ 
eratives. 

(2)  Increasing  the  allowance  for  mak¬ 
ing  cheese. 

(3)  Eliminating  all  diversion  payments. 

(4)  Allowing  diversion  payments  for 
butter  in  all  months  of  the  year. 

(5)  Increasing  the  transportation  dif¬ 
ferential  beyond  the  200-mile  zone. 

(6)  Allowing  no  diversion  payments 
on  cream  sold  outside  the  market¬ 


ing  area. 

(7)  Eliminating  the  right  of  the  City 
Board  of  Health  to  eliminate  any 
plants  from  the  present  pool. 

(8)  Proposing  that  only  the  Secretary 
of  Agriculture  have  power  to  sus¬ 
pend  cooperative  payments. 

(9)  Eliminating  entirely  the  location 
differentials. 

(10)  Providing  that  all  handlers  re¬ 
ceive  market  service  payments. 

(11)  Increasing  location  differentials 
for  New  Jersey  and  Sullivan 
County,  New  York. 

(12)  Requiring  that  milk  handled  b,y 
producer-dealers  should  be  includ¬ 
ed  in  the  pool. 

(13)  Providing  a  differential  to  he 
taken  out  of  the  pool  and  paid 
on  all  milk  testing  more  than 
4.4%  butterfat. 

The  Producers’  Bargaining  Agency 
is  taking  steps  to  present  evidence  at 
the  hearings  to  back  up  the  changes 
the  Young  Committee  has  proposed. 
It  is  probable,  also,  that  it  will  pre¬ 
sent  evidence  to  oppose  changes  which 
the  Agency  believes  would  be  harmful 
to  the  milk  industry. 

—  A.  A.— 

"We’re  Ready  to  Enlist” — 
Say  Old  Farm  Tools 

(Continued  from  Page  9) 

From  the  College  of  Agriculture  Ex¬ 
tension  Service,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 
E-67  — “Adapting  Four-Cylinder  En¬ 
gines  to  Spray  Rigs.” 

E-126— “Belts  and  Pulleys.” 

These  bulletins  are  free  to  residents 
of  each  state,  and  available  to  farm¬ 
ers  in  other  states  at  low  cost,  usually 
5c  a  copy. 

From  the  Superintendent  of  Docu¬ 
ments,  Government  Printing  Office, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

F-1315 — -“Cleaning  Milking 
Machines.” 

F-1754 — “Care  and  Repair  of  Mow¬ 
ers  and  Binders.” 

F-1818 — “Mechanical  Milk  Cooling 
on  Farms.” 

These  bulletins  are  available  at  5c 
(in  coin)  each  from  the  above  address. 

Instruction  books  put  out  by  the 
manufacturers  of  farm  machinery  are 
also  valuable  sources  of  help.  If  you 
have  lost  or  mislaid  such  hooks,  you 
had  better  write  the  manufacturer  to 
see  if  you  can  get  another  copy. 

— a.  a. — 

Hagan  Farms  Horse  Show  Postponed 

Hagan  Farms  announces  that  the 
horse  show  and  field  day  scheduled  for 
Jan.  25,  has  had  to  be  postponed  until 
some  time  in  the  spring. 


Use  Modern  LOUDEN 
BARN  EQUIPMENT 

•  The  fastest,  sur¬ 
est  way  to  increase 
America’s  milk 
supply  is  for  every  farmer  and 
dairyman  to  get  more  milk  from 
every  cow.  The  best  way  to  do  it 
is  with  modern  Louden  Barn 
Equipment.  It  provides  the 
comfort  of  green  pastures  in  the 
barn  .  .  .  clean,  sanitary  quarters 
with  plenty  of  pure  air  and  fresh 
drinking  water.  Your  cows  give 
more  milk  immediately  ...  on 
the  same  amount  of  feed  .  .  .  and 
with  less  work  on  your  part. 


FREE  BARN  PLANS  ! 


Louden  not  only  makes  a  full  line  of  barn  equip¬ 
ment  .  .  .  modern  steel  stalls  and  stanchions,  water 
bowls,  litter  and  feed  carriers, 
ventilation,  etc.  .  .  .  but  will  gladly 
help  you  plan  your  improvements. 

Write  today  for  full  details.  No 
obligation. 

THE  LOUDEN  MACHINERY  CO. 

(EST.  1867) 

1048  Broadway,  Dept.  A. A.  1, 

Albany,  New  York 
122  S.  Court  St.,  Fairfield,  Iowa 
BRANCHES:  Toledo,  O.  St.  Paul,  Minn. 


■X 


Attention! 


Men  who*  aSie  beyond  driest  aye 


Because  of  defense  demands  there  is  a  chance  for 
two  or  three  good  men  beyond  draft  age  in  permanent 
work  with  one  of  the  oldest  organizations  in  the  coun¬ 
try.  Necessary  that  you  own  a  car,  have  good  health 
and  can  live  within  $50  per  week.  Write  for  immediate 
interview,  giving  qualifications  and  phone  number. 

G.  C.  BARTLETT, 

Room  413,  Savings  Bank  Bldg^ 
Ithaca,  New  York. 


(72)  16 


American  Agriculturist,  January  17,  1942 


Get  the 

'BLACK 
LEAF  40 


n 


Don’t  worry  about  lice 
and  feather  mites.  “Black  Leaf  40’ 
controls  them. 

"Cap  Brush"  Saves  Money 

Our  “Cap  Brush”  spreads  “Black  Leaf 
40”evenly  on  the  roost  and  does  an  effi¬ 
cient  job.Saves  money.  Ask  your  dealer 
for  the“Cap  Brush”and  full  directions. 

Insist  on  Original  Factory  Sealed 
Packages  for  Full  Strength  ms 

Tobacco  By-Products 
&  Chemical  Corp., 

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LOOK  FOR  THE  LEAF  ON  THE  PACKAGE 


ALL-STEEL  BATTERIES  AT 
LOW  FACTORY  PRICES 


Starter,  Broiler  and  Laying 
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other  poultry  equipment. 

I  -A  S  Everything  for  the  poultry- 

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A  forBROILER  BATTERY 


TOOP^p 

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OTTAWA  MFC.  CQ.f  331  Forest  Ave.,  Ottawa,  Karts. 


Don’t  Let  Your  Accident 
Insurance  Policy  Run  Out 

iF  YOU  HAVE  BEEN  NOTIFIED  THAT  YOUR 
POLICY  IS  TO  RUN  OUT  SOON,  RENEW  IT 
RIGHT  AWAY  WITH  OUR  AGENT  OR  DIRECT 
TO  THE  OFFICE 

North  American  Accident  Ins.  Co. 

N.  A.  ASSOCIATES  DEPT. 

10  North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N,  Y. 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 


TWO  ABANDONED  FARMS — Separate  Livable  Farm¬ 
steads.  199  acres,  70  tillage,  81  pasturage,  Quantity 
wood  and  timber.  Sugar  orchard.  Most  public  services 
available.  $3000.  Investigate  long-term  purchase  plan. 

FEDERAL  LAND  BANK,  SPRINGFIELD,  MASS. 

NEW  YEAR  GREETINGS:  ^rh^ne^ 

Catalog  1290  farm  bargains  in  18  states,  free. 

STROUT  REALTY,  255-R  4th  Ave.,  New  York  City. 


Eggs  Are  Less  b*  9-  e- 
Perishable,  Now 


J.  C.  Huttar 


MY  FIELD  is  egg  marketing.  I 
can’t  go  back  a  hundred  years  in 
this  field  and  tell  you  much  about  it. 
I  suspect,  however,  that  eggs  didn’t 
move  very  far  nor  were  they  kept  very 
long  between  producer  and  consumer 
in  1842,  the  year  that  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  first  came  into  being. 

The  biggest  change  that  has  come 
about  in  the  last 
100  years  is  that 
eggs  have  become 
less  perishable.  We 
can  ship  eggs  fur¬ 
ther  and  keep 
them  longer  and 
still  have  them 
quite  good  to  eat 
n  o  w-a-days.  Rea- 
s  o  n  s  for  this 
change  are  better 
farm  production 
and  care;  better 
and  faster  trans¬ 
portation;  and  the 
improvement 
in  cold  storage 

holding  of  eggs. 
These  changes 
have  tended  to  level  out  prices  be¬ 
tween  localities  and  between  seasons 

of  the  year.  They  have  increased  the 
total  consumption  of  eggs  by  getting 
more  eggs  eaten  in  the  areas  where 
production  is  light  and  in  the  seasons 
of  low  production.  Greater  consumption 
at  prices  above  costs  of  production 
draws  more  people  into  the  chicken 

business,  and  this  has  also  occurred. 

The  Last  40  Years 
If  we  must  go  into  history,  the  last 
40  years  are  enough  to  bring  out  all 
the  important  changes  in  egg  market¬ 
ing. 

In  the  present  century,  changes  be¬ 
gan  slowly  but  gathered  speed.  Going 
over  these  changes  in  time  table  fash¬ 
ion,  they  could  be  roughly  listed  some¬ 
thing  like  this: 

Candling:  About  the  turn  of  the  cen¬ 
tury,  the  interior  quality  of  eggs  was 
examined  by  candling.  Real  candles 
were  used  to  furnish  the  light  which 
penetrated  the  shell  to  show  which 
eggs  were  fit  to  eat  and  which  were 
not.  This  art  has  been  improved  to  a 
point  where  a  machine  has  been  built 
which  can  sort  eggs  according  to  their 
candling  appearance  automatically 


DID  YOU  KNOW  THAT.  .  .  . 


IJeED  IS  THE  MOST  IMPORTANT 
EXPENSE  IN  POULTRY  AND  ? 
EGG  PRODUCTION  — 

ABOUT  ^  OF  THE 
TOTAL  COST  OF,  . .  ft 
PRODUCTION  /Vj^ 


QUESTION:  What  is  the  only 
Vitamin  A  &  D  source  used  suc¬ 
cessfully  in  poultry  feeds  for 
more  than  14  years? 


ANSWER:  "Nopco"  Vitamin  A  &  D  oil— the 
first  standardized  Vitamin  A  &  D  source 
used  in  poultry  feeds. 

Be  SUfZE  you  G£T  B  NOPCO 
on.  //V  ALL  £££DS 


W.O1'' 

The  vitakain  'a' secured 

By  CHICKS  FROM  FEEDS 
IS  USUALLY  STORED  IN 
THEIR  BODIES  FOR  LESS 
THAN  TWO  WEEKS  / 


through  the  use  of  the  “electric  eye.” 
Its  cost  is  still  too  great  to  permit 
commercial  use. 

Grading:  Size  and  color  grading  soon 
followed.  To-day  5  grades  are  traded 
in  regularly  in  large  egg  markets. 
They  are: 

Jumbos  28  ounces  per  dozen  and  over 
Large  24-28  ounces  per  dozen 
Medium  21-24  ounces  per  dozen 
Pullet  181/'2-21  ounces  per  dozen 
Peewee  under  1 8-14  ounces  per  dozen 

Color  grading  is  also  commonly  prac¬ 
ticed  if  the  eggs  are  to  be  sold  in  our 
larger  markets. 

Up  to  about  1910,  most  of  the  eggs 
coming  into  large  markets  like  New 
York  *  and  Boston  were  not  graded  for 
color.  Both  white  and  brown  eggs  were 
included  in  same  case,  all  intermixed. 
Their  eggs  were  produced  by  farm 
flocks  which  scratched  for  most  of 
their  feed  during  open  weather  and  lay- 
ed  few  if  any  eggs  when  they  were 
confined. 

About  this  time,  commercial  egg 
farming  began.  Only  one  breed  of  hens 
was  kept  on  these  specialized  farms, 


NATIONAL  OIL  PRODUCTS  COMPANY  •  HARRISON,  N.  J 


Shipping  eggs  to  New  York  on  an  in¬ 
sulated  truck  where  quality  is  protected. 

and  of  course  the  chickens  layed  only 
one  color  of  egg.  A  'good  portion  of 
their  diet  was  a  specially  prepared  and 
balanced  feed.  Feed  affects  flavor,  and 
the  eggs  these  birds  produced  were  de¬ 
cidedly  milder  in  flavor  than  those  of 
the  barnyard  fowls.  Egg  dealers  and 
housewives  began  to  recognize  the^e 
finer  eggs  and  noticed  that  they  were 
all  of  the  same  color  in  the  case  or 
dozen. 

It  so  happens  that  the  first  commer¬ 
cial  egg  farms  to  supply  New  York 
City  with  these  better  tasting,  fresher 
eggs,  were  located  in  New  Jersey  and 
kept  mostly  White  Leghorns.  To  this 
day  there  is  still  a  slight  preference  in 
the  minds  of  egg  dealers  in  New  York 
for  Jersey  eggs  and  also  for  white 
eggs.  The  preference,  though  gradually 
disappearing,  is  even  a  little  deeper 
rooted  in  the  minds  of  consumers. 

In  New  England,  on  the  other  hand, 
the  first  commercial  farms  kept  Rhode 
Island  Reds  and  Plymouth  Rocks. 
Hence  the  preference  for  brown  eggs 
in  Boston. 

Brands:  I  think  there  is  only  one 
other  important  change  which  occur¬ 
red  in  egg  marketing  in  the  last  40 
years.  This  is  a  change  in  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  an  improved  pack  identified  by 
a  brand  name.  Improvement  was  es¬ 
pecially  apparent  in  grading  for  size 
and  color  and  in  the  uniformity  and 
fine  appearance  of  the  pack.  Carloads 
of  eggs  began  to  appear  in  large  mar¬ 
kets  about  1920,  which  were  so  uni¬ 
formly  graded  and  packed  that  any 


case  in  the  car  would  tell  what  the 
whole  400  cases  were  like. 

It  is  timely  and  proper  to  give  credit 
to  the  Pacific  Egg  Producers’  Coopera¬ 
tive  for  this  forward  step  in  egg  mar¬ 
keting.  Timely  because  this  organiza¬ 
tion,  a  sales  agency  for  5  producers’ 
cooperatives  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  was 
legally  dissolved  on  November  30,  1941. 
Proper  because,  under  the  brilliant 
leadership  of  Dr.  Earl  W.  Benjamin 
and  his  co-workers,  the  PEP  brand 
was  established  in  the  large  markets 
and  opened  the  way  to  greater  egg  con¬ 
sumption.  All  egg  producers  have  and 
will  benefit  by  this  broader  market. 

Lest  there  be  any  misunderstanding, 
I  want  to  explain  what  appears  to  me 
as  the  reasons  for  dissolving  this  sales 
cooperative.  The  depression  hit  it  hard. 
With  much  lower  egg  prices,  the  high 
cost  of  transportation  and  overhead 
left  too  small  a  net  return  for  many 
Coast  producers  and  the  less  efficient 
dropped  out  of  the  poultry  business. 
At  the  same  time,  population  on  the 
Coast  was  increasing  very  fast  and 
there  were  fewer  eggs  to  ship  East. 
California,  for  instance,  changed  from 
a  large  surplus  to  an  egg  importing 
state. 

Lack  of  volume  made  it  seem  wise 
to  discontinue  the  Pacific  Egg  Produc¬ 
ers’  Cooperative.  Oregon,  Washington, 
and  Utah  eggs  are  still  sold  by  separ¬ 
ate  smaller  sales  agencies  in  eastern 
cities. 

With  the  pace  set  by  Pacific  Egg 
Producers  in  the  last  20  years,  branded 
eggs  have  made  their  appearance  in 
our  eastern  markets.  To  mention  a  few 
of  these — Vineland  Quality  Egg  Club, 
Bradco,  Onco,  Flemington  Egg  Auc¬ 
tion,  New  Jersey  Certified,  Michigan 
White  Feather  Brand,  Linn  Brand  of 
Iowa,  and  G.L.F.  Quality  and  Empire 
Brands. 

Time  and  Place  of  Production 

I  have  already  made  mention  of  how 
the  eggs  sold  in  our  eastern  mai’kets 
were  first  all  produced  on  nearby 

( Continued  on  opposite  page) 


What  do  you  want 
in  a  chick  O 


What  qualities  do  you  consider  when 
you  order  chicks — your  future  flocks? 

Low  mortality?  Quick,  even  growth? 
High  egg  production? 

Qf  course!  These  are  the  important 
features  —  so  outstanding  in  Kerr’s 
Lively  Chicks — that  bring  bigger  prof¬ 
its  in  a  shorter  time. 

For  34  years,  Kerr  Chickeries  has 
bred  chicks,  using  latest  equipment 
and  knowledge  of  breeding.  120,000 
breeders  blood-tested  each  year  by  the 
slow-tube  agglutination  method.  Breed¬ 
ing  farm  of  240  acres.  All 
popular  breeds,  crosses  and 
sexed  White  Leghorns. 

Write  for  free  literature,  ad¬ 
vance  order  discount  offer. 

Kerr  Chickeries 

21  RAILROAD  AVE.,  FRENCHTOWN,  N.  J. 
There's  a  branch  office  near  you— call  today 


New  Jersey 
Jamesburg 
Paterson 
Woodbury 
Massachusetts 
W.  Springfield 
Delaware 
Selbyville 


New  York 
Binghamton 
Blue  Point,  L.l. 

East  Syracuse 
Kingston 
Middletown 
Schenectady 

(Address  Dept.  21) 


Pennsylvania 

Dunmoro 

Lancaster 

Lewistown 

Connecticut 

Danbury 


American  Agriculturist,  January  17,  1942 


IT  (73) 


l 


OUR  GUARANTEE.  You  need  have  no  hesitation  In  sending  money  to  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  baby  chick  advertisers  If  they  fail  to  send  the  chicks  to  you, 
your  money  will  be  refunded.  We  require  every  advertiser  to  stand  back  of  statements  made  in  the  advertisement.  Obviously  no  one  can  guarantee  that  chicks  will 
live.  To  take  advantage  of  our  guarantee  it  is  necessary,  when  writing  advertisers,  to  say,  “I  saw  your  advertisement  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. ” 


Vi 


v 


AID  NATIONAL 
DEFENSE  with 

HALL’S 


QUALITY 


CHICKS 


for  Increased  Egg  Production 

Sec.  of  Agriculture  Wickard  has  asked  for  the 
production  of  4,000,000  dozen  eggs  in  1942. 
This  is  a  big  job  for  the  poultrymen  of 
America,  but  you  can  help  do  your  part  with 
HALL’S  Quality  CHICKS — chicks  from  stock 
that  has  been  bred  for  high  production. 
The  majority  of  our  flocks  are  headed  by 
males  from  R.O.P.  or  pedigree  sources,  and 
our  program  of  feeding  and  selective  breed¬ 
ing  results  in  high  production  of  large,  good 
quality  eggs. 

Step  up  your  egg  production  with  Hall's 
Quality  Chicks.  ORDER  NOW  —  You  still 
have  time  if  you  hurry  — 

5%  Discount  on  orders  for 
Hall  Chicks  received  before 
Feb.  1st  with  cash 
in  full — for  deliv¬ 
ery  after  Feb.  1st. 

All  chicks  from 
Pullorum  Free 
Stock,  shipped  pre¬ 
paid  and  guaran¬ 
teed  100%  Live 
Delivery. 


HALL  BROTHERS  HATCHERY,1NC. 

BOX59  .  WALLINGFORD,  CONN. 


CATALOG.,  ' 


High  Production  Stock 

Douglaston  20  bird  pen  at  W.  N.  Y. 
Contest  1940-41  averaged  237  eggs,  244  points  with 
90%  livability.  The  same  careful  breeding  is  behind 
all  Douglaston  Chicks.  Sexed 
or  Unsexed.  Write  for  free 
Catalog.  Order  early. 

Douglaston  Manor  Farm 

R.D.  I,  PULASKI,  N.  Y. 


1EMENT5  FARMS 
HICKS 


Cl 

kj  1 1  ~  H  k  Clem-Cross  I 
nlwll*  fx-1  inked 
baby  pullets  I 
are  reaching  wide  “popularity! 
because  of  their  profit-abilities. 

So  are  CLEMENTS’  Reds,  Barred  and  I 
White  Rocks  and  Clem-Rock  cross  chicks.  Bred  right. 
Maine-U.  S.  Pullorum  clean.  Catalog  tells  about  co¬ 
operative  savings  plan.  Write  today. 

CLEMENTS  BROS.  FARMS 
Box  24  Winterport,  Maine 


and 

SEXED  PULLETS 

R.  O.  P  SIRED 

Leghorns  -  hew  Hampshires 
Rocks  -  Reds  -  Crossbreds 
Hatched  from  Pullorum  Clean  Breeders 

Guarantee  Protects  Ycu.  Early  Order  Discount. 

Write  for  Catalog  and  Prices. 
TAYLOR’S  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  LIBERTY,  N.  Y. 


CONTENT  FARMS 

W  s.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS  W 

For  past  3  years  our  pens  at  Central  N.  Y.  Laying 
Contest  have  led  all  pens  all  breeds  in  combined  pro¬ 
duction  and  livability.  We  had  high  Leghorn  pen  at 
k  armingdale  Contest  1941.  Order  now  for  1942  delivery. 
Write  today  for  advance  price  list  and  catalog.  *  * 
CONTENT  FARMS,  BOX  A,  CAMBRIDGE,  N.  Y. 


WHITE  LEGHORNS 

LARGE  TYPE  BREEDERS 
MATED  HANSON  R.  0.  P. 
PEDIGREED  COCKERELS 

from  hens  with  records  of  300 
eggs  and  over.  Also  Cockerels 
from  K.O.P.  Parent  Stock  with 

_  Pedigrees  from  200  to  317  eggs. 

Day  oui  tv  4  wk.  old  Pullets.  Also  New  Hamps.  Rar.  & 
Wh.  Bocks.  Sexed  or  Straight  Run.  Day  old  or  started. 

BROOKS  IDE  POULTRY  FARM 
E.  C.  BROWN,  Prop.,  Box  A,  Sergeantsville,  N.  J. 


BROOKSIDE 


BARRON 

LEGHORN 

CHICKS 


J  from  high  record  trapnested, 
bloodtested  stock;  imported  and 
bred  this  strain  for  27  years.  Sex¬ 
ed  or  Unsexed  chicks.  Free  circular. 
DAVID  M.  HAMMOND, 
i  Rt.  3,  Cortland,  N.  Y. 


GEESE 


EMBDEN  GEESE  AND  GANDERS,  $4  each.  Beauties, 
collie  Pups,  $10,  $5.  P.  McCullough,  Mercer.  Pa. 


( Continued  fi'om  opposite  page) 
farms,  then  how  this  area  of  produc¬ 
tion  increased  and  spread  clear  out  to 
the  Pacific  Coast,  and  finally  how  it 
is  beginning  to  shrink  again.  To  get  an 
idea  of  this  latter  change,  let’s  just 
look  at  a  few  figures. 

In  1930  about  75%  of  all  the  eggs 
received  in  New  York  came  from  9 
states.  Three  of  these  are  on  the 
Pacific  Coast,  three  in  the  Midwest, 
and  three  in  the  Northeast.  Of  the  total 
shipments  of  these  9  states  into  New 
York  City,  33%  came  from  the  Coast, 
48%  from  the  Midwest,  and  19%  from 
the  Northeast. 

In  the  last  12  months  for  which  I 
have  the  figures  —  December  1940 
through  November  1941 — these  9  states 
shipped  about  80%  of  New  York’s  to¬ 
tal  eggs,  but  the  proportions  by  sec¬ 
tions  has  changed.  The  Pacific  Coast 
has  dropped  to  8%  of  the  total,  the 
Midwest  went  up  to  56  % ,  and  the 
Northeast  increased  to  36%. 

So  we  see  that  we  in  the  Northeast 
are  taking  up  most  of  the  markets  left 
by  smaller  Pacific  Coast  shipments  in¬ 
to  our  eastern  cities. 

Production  Shifts 

The  seasons  of  production  are  also 
undergoing  a  change.  At  the  turn  of 
the  century,  the  lightest  receipts  of 
market  eggs  came  in  January  and  were 
less  than  one  quarter  the  size  of  the 
heaviest  production  months.  January 
is  now  one  of  our  heavier  months  of 
production.  In  1941,  the  lightest  re¬ 
ceipts  came  in  November  and  were 
more  than  one-third  those  of  the  heav¬ 
iest  month. 

In  1900,  prices  in  the  high  month 
were  115%  above  the  low  month.  In 
1940,  prices  in  the  high  month  were 
only  75%  above  the  low  month. 

With  breeding,  housing,  feeding,  and 
other  management  improvements,  we 
have  moved  closer  to  a  year-round  lay. 
>As  a  result  we  now  store  about  a  mil¬ 
lion  cases  of  eggs  less  than  we  did  ten 
years  ago. 

What  of  the  future? 

The  Next  100  Years 
As  I  expect  to  be  writing  of  changing 
market  conditions  as  they  come  up,  I 
won’t  go  into  detail  on  the  changes 
which  seem  to  be  pretty  clearly  indi¬ 
cated.  I’ll  just  list  some  as  I  see  them, 
together  with  my  idea  of  how  the  suc¬ 
cessful  chicken  man  is  going  to  adjust 
himself  to  them: 

1.  Northeast  increasing  in  production, 
with  the  Midwest  continuing  to  push 
into  the  high  priced  grades.  Good 
producers  will  pay  more  attention  to 
farm  care,  transportation,  and  good 
looking  packs. 

2.  Cooperative  marketing  organiza¬ 
tions  paying  more  attention  to 
candling,  cartooning,  and  retail  dis¬ 
tribution,  and  less  attention  to 
wholesale  distribution.  Good  pro¬ 
ducers  will  either  do  more  of  these 
things  themselves  or  sell  through 
cooperatives. 

3.  Production  and  prices  will  continue 
to  level  off  in  the  different  seasons. 
Good  producers  will  have  several 
hatches  of  chicks,  well  spread  out  to 
lower  costs  of  production. 

4.  Brown  and  white  egg  price  differ¬ 
ences  will  disappear.  Both  white  and 
brown  egg  producing  hens  will  be 
found  on  most  good  farms  to  get  a 
better  balance  between  returns  from 
meat  and  eggs. 


SEXED, 
DAY-OLD  &  STARTED 


CHICKS 


BIG  SAVINGS  on  EARLY  ORDERS 


Wene  R.  O.  P.  Sired  Chicks  insured  thru  first  14-Day  Danger  Period 
—  any  loss  replaced  FULLY  without  charge.  More  2-to-5-year-old 
HEN  BREEDERS  headed  by  200  to  314  Egg  Official  Record  pedigreed 
R.  O.  P.  Sires  than  any  other  Eastern  plant.  U.  S.  N.  J.  APPROVED. 
Hatches  year  ’round.  Capacity  1,800,000  eggs.  All  popular  pure  or  cross¬ 
breeds.  BLOODTESTED.  Credit,  if  desired.  Write  today  for  FREE  CATALOG. 

WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  Dept.  A-4,  VINELAND,  N.  J. 


R.O.P 

SIRED 

FREE  BROODERS! 


Free  of  extra  charge  in  , 
Special  Combinations 
Wene  R.  0.  P.  Sire . 
Super-X  Mating  Chicks  I 


CLEAR  SPRING  CHICKS 


32  years  Breeding  experience.  We  have  been  satisfying  a  steady  growing 
list  of  prosperous  poultrymen  for  years.  All  Breeders  Blood  Tested. 

1942  CATALOG  FREE. 


PULLETS  95%  GUARANTEED— 100%  LIVE  DELIVERY. 

LARGE  TYPE  ENGLISH  LEGHORNS - - - 

OUR  FAMOUS  HANSON  LEGHORNS  . . . . 

RED-FACED  BLACK  SPANISH  MINORCAS  . . 

BARRED  AND  WHITE  ROCKS,  R.  I.  REDS - 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  REDS  AND  RED-ROCK  CROSS - 

CLEAR  SPRING  HATCHERY,  F.  B.  LEISTER.  Prop. 


STR.— 100 

PLTS.— 100 

ckls.—: 

_$  9.00 

$16.00 

$3.00 

-  10.00 

18.00 

3.00 

-  10.00 

17.00 

4.00 

_  10.00 

12.00 

9.00 

_  11.00 

14.00 

9.00 

BOX  51,  McALISTERVILLE,  PA. 


WHITLOCK 

|  BABY  $  -f  + 

■  ruunre  t  £ 


BABY 

-  CHICKS 

EGGS 


i 


e  (00 

MATCHING  i  *MOO 

Special  Price  on  LARGE  ORDERS 

All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100% 
State  Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube  Agglut.  TOL- 
MAN’S  CHICKS  famous  for  RAPID  GROWTH. 
EARLY  MATURITY,  Profitable  EGG  YIELD. 
Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters  or 
market  eggs.  Send  for  FREE  Circular. 

1  SPECIALIZE  ONE  BREED.  ONE 
I  GRADE  at  ONE  PRICE. 

Dept.  B. 

ROCKLAND 

MASS. 


TOLMAH 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


Hatched  in  Elec,  incubators.  Hatches  Tues.  &  Thurs. 
Order  from  ad  or  write  for  actual  photo  catalog. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ 

Black  or  White  Minorcas - 

Bar.  or  Wh.  Rocks,  Wh.  Wyand. 

Red-Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross _ 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAA  SUP.) 

Heavy  Mixed  $8.  HEAVY 
SELECTION)  $8.  All  Breeders  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D. 
by  Stained  Antigen  method.  100%  live  del.  guar.  We 
pay  all  postage.  Sexing  guar.  95%  accurate.  AMERI¬ 
CAN  SEXERS  ONLY. 

C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY.  Box  A.  McAlisterville.  Pa 


per  I0O 

per  100 

per  100 

$9.00 

$16.00 

$3.00 

9.00 

16.00 

3.00 

9.00 

12.00 

8.00 

9.00 

12.00 

8.00 

11.00 

15.00 

8.00 

BROILER  CKLS. 

(OUR 

NACE’S  QUALITY  CHICKS 


We  pay  postage.  Sate  delivery  guaranteeu. 
HANSON  OR  ENGLISH  LARGE  •  100  100  100 

TYPE  WHITE  LEGHORNS  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls 

R. O.P.  SIRED _ _ _ $9.00  $16.00  $3.00 

S.  C.  Everpay  Br.  Leghorns _  9.00  16.00  3.00 

Bar.  and  White  Rocks _ - _ 10.00  14.00  7.00 

N.  H.  and  R.  I.  Reds _ 10.00  14.00  7.00 

Wh.  Wyand.  and  Buff  Orps _  11.00  15.00  8.00 

Heavy  Mixed  -  8.00  10.00  6.00 

From  Free  range  Flocks.  Sexed  Pullets  Guar.  95% 

accurate.  Order  from  ad  or  write  for  Catalog. 

J.  N.  NACE  POULTRY  FARM  &  HATCHERY, 
Box  A,  RICHFIELD,  PENNSYLVANIA. 


U.  S.  R.O.P.  Sired  Chicks 

White  Leghorns;  New  Hampshire  Beds: 
Barred  Bocks;  Barred  Cross.  Bred  to 
live.  190%  satisfaction  guaranteed. 
All  breeds  officially  bloodtested.  Chicks 
guaranteed  free  from  Pullorum. 

Write  for  Illustrated  Catalog. 

Van  Duzer  Poultry  Farm 

Box  A  Sugar  Loaf,  New  York 


Your  Chicks  MUST  be  good  this  year! 
Don’t  take  chances.  Clauser  chicks  are  from 
ge  size,  heavy  production  Barron  English  S.  C.  W. 
ghorns.  Hens  weigh  up  to  7  lbs.  Mated  with  B.O.P. 
iigreed  Cockerels.  Extra  quality  chicks  from  Blood-test- 
healthy,  vigorous  selected  stock.  Straight  run,  sexed 
[lets  or  cockerels.  Write  for  price  list  and  catalog. 

obert  L.  Clauser  Kleinfeltersvilie,  Pa. 


□I 


QUALITY  CHICKS 


DO  YOU  WANT  LARGER  PROFITS? 

Then  send  a  post  card  today  for  FREE  16  page  il¬ 
lustrated  catalog  describing  our  Stock  and  Hatchery. 
Breeders  Bloodtested  and  Culled — carefully  selected  for 
heavy  weight  and  high  producing  flock  averages.  Why 
be  satisfied*,  with  inferior  chicks — get  quality  stock  at 
no  extra  cost,  bred  for  the  sole  purpose  of  producing 
extra  profits  for  YOU.  Write: 

MCALISTERVILLE  HATCHERY. 

Edgar  C.  Leister,  Owner,  Box  20,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


J^ULSH  FARM/  CHICKlB 


All  Breeders  carefully  culled  & 

Blood  Tested.  Order  direct  from 
ad.  or  write  for  our  new  catalog. 
Satisfaction  and  safe  arrival  guaranteed. 


Shipments  Mon.  &  Thurs. —  Unsex'd  Pul’ts 

Will  Ship  C.O.D.  100  100 

White  or  Brown  Leghorns _ $9.00  $16.00 

Black  or  Buff  Leg.,  Anconas _ 9.50  17.00 

Bar.  White  or  Buff  Rocks-— . 9.50  12.00 

Wh.  Wyand.,  R.  I.  Reds,  N.  Hamps.  9.50  12.00 

Red-Rocks,  Rock-Red  Cross _ 9.50  12.00 

SPECIAL  GRADE  A  MATINGS 


C’k’ls 

100 

$3.50 

4.50 
9.00 
9.00 

9.50 


White  &  Black  Leghorns _ 12.00  20.00  4.50 

Bar.  Rocks  &  New  Hampshires _ 13.50  17.00  11.00 

Sexing  guaranteed  95%  correct.  Our  21st  year. 

ULSH  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A,  Port  Trevorton,  Pa. 


SHIRK’SQUALITY  CHICKS 


From  Blood  Tested  Breeders.  Electric  Hatched. 

PULLETS  GUARANTEED  95%  Unsex.  Pul’ts  Ckls. 
Will  Ship  Cash  or  C.O.D.  100  100  100 

Large  Type  White  Leghorns _ $9.50  $17.00  $3.00 

Bar.  &  Wh.  Rocks.  R.  I.  Reds _ 10.00  13.00  9.00 

Red-Rock  &  Rock-Red  Cross _ 10.00  13.00  9.00 

New  Hampshire  Reds  (Special) _ 12.00  17.00  9.00 

Heavy  Mixed  _ - _  9.00  11.00  8.00 


We  specialize  in  one  grade  and  one  price  as  all  our 
breeders  are  bred  up  to  one  quality,  outstanding  size 
and  egg  production.  Order  direct  from  ad  or  write  for 
FREE  Catalog  giving  full  information  of  our  breeders 
and'  hatchery.  All  chicks  shipped  prepaid.  Guar.  100J& 
live  delivery.  Hatches  Tuesdays  and  Thursdays. 
SHIRK’S  HATCHERY. 

H.  C.  Shirk,  Prop.,  Box  AA,  Route  2,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


CASH  OR  C.O.D.  Str.  Pullets  Ckls. 


CASH  OR  C.O.D.  Str.  Pullets  Ckls. 

100%  live  del.  Postpaid  100  100  100 

Eng.  W.  Leg.  (Pits.  95%  guar.) _ $7.00  $12.00  $4.00 

Bar.  Box  &  R.  1.  Reds— . .  8.00  9.00  8.00 

N.  H.  Reds  &  Wh.  Rox - -  8.50  10.00  8.50 

Heavy  Mixed  -  7.00  8.50  7.00 


All  Breeders  Bloodtested.  CATALOG  FREE. 

Lehman  Strawser  Hatchery,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


Shellenberger’s  S.  C.  White  Leghorns 

Heavy  producers  of  large  White  eggs.  R.O.P. 
Sired  Chicks— Sexed  Pullets,  95%  Sex  guarantee 
— Day  Old  Cockerels.  Write  for  prices  and  Catalog. 
C.  M.  SHELLENBERGER’S  POULTRY  FARM 
Box  37,  Richfield,  Pa. 


CAeA&  l  Yatl&y  CJivx.  | 


VIM-VIGOR-VITALITY 


„„  OR  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets 

ECIAL  MATING  HANSON  STR.  100  100 

C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS - $10.00 

rge  Type  S.  C.  Wh.  Leghorns  9.00 
r.  &  Wh.  Rocks,  R.  I.  Reds—  10.00 

d-Rock  Cross  -  1 1  00 

w  Hampshire  Reds  (Special) —  13.00 

aw  Mixed  _ ; -  9.00  - 

L  Breeders  Bloodtested.  Postpaid.  Sexing  Guar. 

,  1  • j.  c _ _ -  - ; » „  TPT>  TP 


$18.00 

16.00 

12.00 

14.00 

17.00 


TOM  BARRON  CHICKS 


We  are  direct  importers  of  Barron  Leghorns. 
Large  Hens  mated  with  K.O.P.  Males.  Low 
Price  on  Chicks  and  95%  Pullets,  Cockerels  $2.50-100. 
NORTH  SIDE  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A,  Richfield,  Pa. 


DUCKLINGS 


Ducklings : 


Mammoth  Pekins  and  White  Runners. 
HARRY  BURNHAM,  No.  Collins,  N.Y. 


TURKEYS 

mini  ITV  DHIII  TC  5  Best  Breeds.  Blood  Tested 
QUHLI I  I  rUUL  I  o  Breeders.  Priced  Reasonable. 
Circular.  SEIDELTON  FARMS,  Washingtonville,  Pa. 


(74)  18 


American  Agriculturist,  January  17,  1942 


WtitteA.  DESSERTS  .  .  . 


by  Grace  Watkins  Huckett 


7IRED  OF  the  same  old  des¬ 
serts  ?  Then  you  will  like 
these  delectable  recipes. 
They  have  the  double  ad¬ 
vantage  of  being  “different” 
and  of  using  plenty  of  milk  and  eggs, 
those  two  good  farm  foods  which  are 
so  high  on  the  list  of  foods  that  keep 
us  well  and  vigorous.  Tonight  for  sup¬ 
per,  serve  this  delicious  custard.  It’s  a 
welcome  change  from  the  usual  cus¬ 
tard  made  with  egg  yolks  or  the  whole 

egg- 

Egg-White  Custards 


I  cup  milk 
I  cup  cream 
4  egg  whites 
Pinch  salt 
14  cup  sugar 


14  teaspoon  almond 
flavoring 

Or  I  teaspoon  grated 
orange  rind 
(4  teaspoon  vanilla 


Scald  milk  and  cream  (or  use  2  cups 
of  top  milk)  in  top  of  double  boiler. 
Beat  egg-whites  until  they  stand  in 
peaks.  Add  sugar  by  tablespoons,  beat¬ 
ing  after  each  addition  until  mixture 
is  fine  textured  and  piles  in  peaks.  Add 
hot  milk  and  cream,  stirring  egg  mix¬ 
ture  constantly  as  you  add  it.  Add  al¬ 
mond  flavoring  or  the  orange  rind  and 
vanilla.  Beat  until  egg  is  well  distribut¬ 
ed.  Pour  into  greased  custard  cups.  Set 
in  a  pan  of  hot  water,  being  sure  water 
comes  to  the  level  of  mixture  inside 
the  cups.  Bake  in  a  moderate  oven 
(325°  F.)  for  1  to  1  (4  hours.  Test  as 
you  do  any  custard.  Cool  quickly  and 
chill.  Loosen  around  edges,  turn  upside 
down  on  serving  plates,  and  serve 
sugared  berries  over  the  custards. 
(Hard  cook  the  discarded  egg  yolks  to 
use  in  salads  or  soup.) 

Fruit,  either  fresh  or  canned,  is  also 
highly  important  on  the  winter  menu, 
and  is  particularly  delicious  when  serv¬ 
ed  in  combination  with  custard.  Al¬ 
though  the  following  recipe  calls  for 
plums,  any  acid  fruit  may  be  substi¬ 
tuted  as  long  as  the  quantity  is  the 
same. 

Plum  Souffle 

214  cups  stewed,  sweetened  I  No.  2  can  of  fresh 
plums  or  prunes 

Drain  syrup  and  put  fruit  into  but¬ 
tered  baking  dish.  Pour  over  it  the  cus¬ 
tard  souffle  mixture  given  below.  Bake 
in  a  pan  of  hot  water  in  a  slow  oven 
(325°  F.)  30  to  40  minutes  until  firm 
and  serve  at  once  with  the  fruit  syrup 
sweetened  to  taste. 


Custard  Souffle 

3  tablespoons  butter  I  cup  milk,  scalded 

V*  cup  flour  4  eggs 

14  cup  sugar  (4  teaspoon  salt 

Melt  butter,  add  flour,  and  gradually 
hot  milk.  Bring  to  boiling  point  and 
pour  over  egg  yolks,  beaten  until  thick 
and  lemon-colored  and  mixed  with 
sugar  and  salt.  Cool.  Cut  and  fold  in 
egg  whites,  beaten  stiff.  "Pour  over 
fruit  and  bake  as  indicated  above. 

Instead  of  the  familiar  cheese-cake, 
why  not  try  Cottage  Cheese  Custard 
which  is  easier  to  make  and  better  for 
the  children? 

Cottage  Cheese  Custard 

3  well-beaten  eggs  1 1/2  cups  of  milk 

14  cup  sugar  '/»  teaspoon  salt 

1(4  cups  cottage  cheese *  1 2 3 4  teaspoon  vanilla 

strained 

Combine  the  ingredients  in  order 
given.  Turn  the  mixture  into  buttered 
custard  cups,  place  them  in  a  pan  of 
hot  water  and  bake  in  a  moderate  oven, 
325°  F.,  for  from  1(4  to  1(4  hours. 
Serve  the  custard  cold.  This  recipe  fills 
about  seven  custard  cups. 

Lemon  Lusch 

(Serves  6) 

I  cup  sugar  2  eggs,  separated 

3  tablespoons  flour  Juice  and  rind  of  I  lemon 

(4  teaspoon  salt  I  cup  milk 

Beat  egg  whites  until  stiff  but  not 


■Photo  courtesy  of  National  Dairy  Council 


dry.  Then  beat  yolks,  add  about  one- 
third  of  the  milk.  Beat  in  gradually 
the  mixed  sugar,  flour,  and  salt.  Add 
remaining  milk,  rind  and  juice  of  the 
lemon.  Beat  thoroughly.  Fold  in  the 
beaten  whites,  just  until  all  lumps  have 
disappeared.  Fill  three-fourths  full  a 
buttered  loaf  pan,  ring  mold  or  indi¬ 
vidual  molds.  Set  in  pan  of  hot  water 
and  bake  about  one  hour  in  a  slow  oven 
(325°  F.).  Cool  thoroughly,  remove 
from  mold  and  serve  upside  down 
with  or  without  whipped  cream. 


Cranberry  Tapioca 

(Serves  6-8) 


cups  milk 
eggs 

tablespoons 
granulated  tapioca 
cup  sugar 


14  teaspoon  salt 
I  teaspoon  vanilla 
(4  teaspoon  lemon  extract 
I  cup  cranberry  sauce 
14  cup  whipping  cream 


(~’nmViine>  tVin  milt  with  thp  hpnfpn 


egg  yolks  in  a  double  boiler;  add  tapi¬ 
oca,  sugar,  and  salt.  Cook  over  boiling 
water  about  10  minutes  until  it  thick¬ 
ens  slightly,  stirring  frequently.  Re¬ 
move  from  heat  and  fold  gradually  into 
the  stiffly  beaten  egg  whites.  Add  flav¬ 
oring.  Chill.  Arrange  layers  of  tapioca 
and  slices  of  cranberry  sauce  in  parfait 
glasses.  Finish  top  layer  with  cran¬ 
berry  sauce.  Garnish  with  whipped 
cream  and  a  cube  of  cranberry  sauce. 


Cocoanut  Peaches  with  Orange 
Custard  Sauce 

6  canned  peach  halves  14  oup  butter,  melted 

14  cup  shredded  cocoanut 

Place  peach  halves,  cut  side  down, 
in  baking  pan,  and  pour  melted  butter 
over  each.  Sprinkle  with  cocoanut. 
Bake  in  a  hot  oven  (400°  F.)  12  to  15 
minutes,  or  until  cocoanut  is  delicately 
browned.  Serve  hot  with  Orange  Cus¬ 
tard  Sauce.  Makes  6  servings. 


thickens,  and  coats  spoon.  Remove 
from  heat;  add  nutmeg,  vanilla  and 
orange  rind.  Serve  hot  with  Cocoanut 
Peaches.  Makes  about  2(4  cups  sauce. 

Care  must  be  taken  not  to  over-cook 
the  custard  or  it  will  separate.  Remove 
it  from  the  heat  and  from  the  bottom 
of  the  double  boiler  as  soon  as  it  coats 
the  spoon. 


Steamed  Apricot  Pudding 


14  pound  dried  apricots  2  eggs 

114  cups  sifted  soft-wheat  2  teaspoons  baking  powder 

flour  14  teaspoon  salt 

14  cup  butter  14  cup  milk 

14  cup  sugar 


Wash  apricots,  chop  fine,  and  mix 
with  2  tablespoons  of  the  flour.  Sift 
remaining  flour  with  baking  powder 
and  salt.  Cream  butter,  add  sugar,  and 
well-beaten  eggs,  and  add  alternately 
with  milk  to  sifted  dry  ingredients. 
Stir  in  apricots.  Pour  into  a  greased 
mold,  cover,  and  steam  for  2  hours. 
Serve  hot  with  hard  sauce. 


Apple  Cake 

(Serves  8) 


2  cups  flour 
314  teaspoons  baking 
powder 

14  teaspoon  salt 
14  cup  butter 
I  egg  (beaten) 


%  cup  milk 
14  teaspoon  nutmeg 
4  tablespoons  sugar 
4  to  5  apples  (sliced  thin) 

1  teaspoon  cinnamon 

2  tablespoons  butter 
'4  cup  sugar 


Sift  dry  ingredients  (except  1  tea¬ 
spoon  cinnamon  and  4  tablespoons  of 
sugar).  Cut  in  the  butter.  Add  beaten 
egg  and  milk.  Combine  lightly  with  dry 
ingredients.  Spread  in  a  shallow  pan. 
Brush  top  with  melted  butter  and  press 
apples  into  dough,  points  down. 
Sprinkle  with  combined  sugar  and  cin¬ 
namon.  Bake  in  a  hot  oven  (450°  F^ 
for  15  minutes  and  continue  cooking  15 
minutes  in  moderately  hot  oven  (400° 
F.). 


Orange  Custard  Sauce 

2  cups  milk  Dash  of  nutmeg 

2  eggs,  slightly  beaten  I  teaspoon  vanilla 

%  cup  powdered  sugar  14  teaspoon  grated 

(4  teaspoon  salt  orange  rind 

Scald  milk  in  top  part  of  double 
boiler.  Combine  eggs,  sugar  and  salt. 
Stir  in  about  (4  of  the  hot  milk,  then 
add  this  mixture  to  remaining  hot  milk, 
and  cook  over  hot  water  until  mixture 


A  good  cook  knows  how  to  use  sour 
cream  or  milk  in  many  ways.  Here  are 
a  few: 

Buttermilk  Orange  Custard 

5  eggs  14  cup  melted  butter 

1%  cups  sugar  I  quart  buttermilk 

6  tablespoons  flour  14  cup  orange  juice 

14  teaspoon  salt  I  tablespoon  grated 

I  unbaked  crust  orange  rind 

Separate  egg s,  beat  yolks,  blend  with 
sugar,  flour  and  salt.  Melt  butter,  add 


This  luscious  looking-  dessert  is  called 
“Cocoanut  Peaches  with  Orange  Custard 
Sauce.”  On  this  page,  you’ll  find  direc¬ 
tions  for  making  it,  as  well  as  recipes  for 
many  other  tempting  desserts. 


buttermilk  and  heat  to  lukewarm.  Add 
egg  mixture  and  orange  juice,  and  rind, 
fold  in  stiffly  beaten  whites.  Pour  half 
into  pie  shell  (which  has  been  chilled), 
the  rest  into  custard  cups.  Bake  pie  10 
minutes  in  a  hot  oven  (450°  F.),  reduce 
heat,  bake  with  custards  for  40  min¬ 
utes  at  350°  F. 

Ginger  Cake  With  Sour  Milk 

14  cmp  fat  2  teaspoons  baking  powder 

14  cup  sugar  I  scant  teaspoon  soda 

I  cup  molasses  i  14  teaspoon  salt 

I  egg  I  teaspoon  ginger 

3  cups  sifted  soft-wheat  14  teaspoon  cloves 

flour  x  14  teaspoon  cinnamon 

I  cup  sour  milk 

Cream  together  the  sugar  and  fat. 
Add  molasses  and  beaten  egg.  Sift  dry 
ingredients  together  twice  and  add  to 
first  mixture  alternately  with  milk. 
Bake  in  two  shallow  pans  in  moderate 
oven  (350°  F.)  for  30  to  40  minutes. 
Serve  hot  with  cream  cheese  or  whip¬ 
ped  cream. 

Chess  Pie 

14  cup  butter  14  cup  milk 

I  cup  sugar  I  teaspoon  vaniiia 

(4  cup  flour  14  teaspoon  salt 

.  3  egg  yolks 

Cream  butter  and  sugar  together  un¬ 
til  sugar  is  dissolved.  Add  flour,  salt 
and  beaten  egg  yolks.  Mix  thoroughly, 
add  milk  and  vanilla.  Pour  into  unbak¬ 
ed  pie  shell  and  bake  in  hot  oven  (425° 
F.)  30-35  minutes. 

Whipped  Cream  Cookies 

(3  dozen  cookies) 

I  cup  whipping  cream  3  teaspoons  baking  powder 

1  cup  sugar  (4  teaspoon  salt 

2  eggs,  beaten  >4  teaspoon  nutmeg 

3  cups  flour 

Whip  cream,  add  sugar  gradually, 
then  beaten  eggs  and  sifted  dry  in¬ 
gredients.  Mix  well  and  chill.  Toss  on  a 
floured  board,  pat  and  roll  (4  inch 
thick.  Sprinkle  with  sugar.  Shape  with 
a  small  round  cutter  first  dipped  in 
flour.  Bake  on  a  buttered  cookie  sheet 
in  a  moderate  oven  (350°  F.)  for  10  to 

15  minutes. 


American  Agriculturist,  January  17,  1942 


19  (75) 


Sew  and  Save 

WITH  materials  and  ready-mades 
jumping  in  price,  every  alert 
housewife  is  doing  more  sewing  than 
for  years  past.  Besides,  January  is 
such  a  good  time  for  catching  up  with 
the  sewing  —  housedresses,  children’s 
clothes,  and  that  under-coat  dress 
which  everybody  wants  for  late  winter 
and  early  spring. 

Lay  in  some  colorful  prints,  larger 
patterned  for  yourself,  midget  pattern¬ 
ed  for  the  wee  folk,  and  take  advantage 
of  those  snowy  days  when  travel  is 
difficult.  Many  good  managers  like  to 
do  a  lot  of  cutting  and  getting  ready 
at  one  time:  then  it  is  easy  to  do  the 
fitting  and  stitching  as  time  permits. 

HOUSEDRESS  No.  2777  is  cut  on 
becoming  princess  lines,  is  easy  to 
make,  easy  to  wear  and  ea^y  to  laun¬ 
der.  Pattern  sizes  14  to  52.  Size  36, 
3%  yds.  39-in.  fabric,  4  yds.  braid. 

YOUNGSTER’S  DRESS  No.  3272 
allows  freedom  of  action  and  room  to 
grow.  And  it’s  easy  to  make.  Pat¬ 
tern  sizes,  6  mos.,  1,  2,  3  yrs.  Size  2, 
1%  yds.  39-in.  fabric  for  either  version; 

yd.  contrasting  for  collar;  y2  yd. 
39-in.  for  panties. 

DRESS  3304  has  just  about  every¬ 
thing,  smooth  shoulders,  long  torso, 
full  skirt  .  .  .what  more  could  a  girl 
want?  Spun  rayon  in  dark  colors  with 
contrasting  trim  is  highly  useful  and 
attractive.  Pattern  sizes  11  to  19;  29 
to  37.  Size  15,  3%  yds.  39-in.  fabric, 
%  yd.  contrasting. 

TO  ORDER:  Write,  name,  address, 
pattern  size  and  number  clearly  and 
enclose  15c  in  stamps.  Address  Pat¬ 
tern  Dept.,  American  Agriculturist,  10 


North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 
Add  12c  for  a  copy  of  our  full-color 
Fashion  Book. 


Today  in 

Aunt  Janet's  Carden 

Gloxinia 

Since  November  my  gloxinia  has  gone 
from  bad  to  worse  and  now  the  leaves 
have  dried  up  completely.  Is  there  any 
use  keeping  the  bulbs? — B.  J. 

OUR  gloxinia  is  behaving  in  a  per¬ 
fectly  normal  manner,  and  if  the 
bulb  has  not  already  dried  out  too 
much,  you  can  handle  it  so  that  it  will 
bloom  again  next  season. 

I  keep  mine  in  the  coolest  part  of 
the  house  cellar  and  water  it  about 
once  a  week,  just  enough  to  keep  the 
bulb  from  becoming  bone  dry.  While 
it  is  dormant  is  the  proper  time  to  re¬ 
pot  it  in  good  potting  soil,  taking  care 
not  to  break  the  roots. 

In  March  it  begins  to  show  life  and 
then  it  should  be  brought  up  to  the 
light.  After  growth  really  starts, 
about  a  teaspoon  of  complete  fertilizer 
can  be  scratched  or  watered  into  the 
soil  once  every  few  weeks. 

Did  you  know  that  you  could  start 
a  new  plant  by  inserting  a  gloxinia 
leaf  in  damp  sand?  A  tiny  new  bulb 
will  form  at  the  base  of  the  leaf.  In¬ 
cidentally,  gloxinia’s  plushy  leaves  re¬ 
sent  being  wet,  so  watering  is  best  done 
from  the  bottom. 

The  same  methods  apply  to  rooting 
and  watering  the  African  violet,  or 
Saintpaulia  if  you  are  interested. 

*  *  * 

Jerusalem  Cherry 

I  was  given  a  beautiful  Jerusalem. 
Cherry  at  Christmas  time  and  now  its 
berries  and  leaves  are  dropping  so  that 
it  is  a  miserable  sight.  Should  I  just 
throw'  the  plant  away  or  can  it  be  re¬ 
vived?—?.  D. 

If  your  plant  is .  not  entirely  bare, 
you  may  be  able  to  save  its  remaining 
leaves  and  fruits  by  syringing  them 
daily.  Place  the  plant  in  the  sink  and 
shake  a  fine  spray  of  water  from  a 
clothes  sprinkler  over  it,  then  thorough¬ 
ly  water  the  plant.  This  plant  does 
best  in  a  cool  room,  about  60°  and  it 
should  not  be  exposed  to  direct  drafts. 

If  the  plant  has  lost  all  its  leaves 
and  fruits  you  may  cut  it  back  to  about 
2  inches  above  the  base  and  keep  it 
watered  until  new  growth  starts. 
However,  it  is  grown  very  easily  from 
seed  and  you  might  have  a  better  plant 
eventually  if  you  start  fresh  that  way. 


AND  JANE,  REMEMBER  IF  YOU  BAKE 
AT  HOME,  THE  ONLY  YEAST  WITH  ALL 
THESE* VITAMINS  IS  FLEISCHMANNS 


*  Per  Cake:  Vitamin  A— 3100  Units  (Int.)  Vitamin  B*— 150  Units  (Int.) 
Vitamin  D  — 400  Units  (Int.)  Vitamin  G— 40-50  Units  (Sh.  Bour.) 

Vitamins  D  and  G  are  not  appreciably  lost  in  the  oven; 
they  go  right  into  the  bread. 


When  Writing  Advertisers  Be  Sura  to  Mention  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


FALSE 
TEETH 

As  Low  As  $7.95 

Per  Plate.  DENTAL 
PLATES  made  in  our 
lal  impression.  WORK- 
MANSHIPand  MATERIAL  GUARANTEED  or  PURCHASE 


PRICE  refunded.  We  take  this  risk  on  our  60-day  trial  offer. 


Do  Not  Send  Any  Money  material  and  catalog  of 

our  LOW  PRICES.  DON’T  PUT  IT  OFF— Write  us  today! 


BRIGHTONfTHOMAS  Dental  Laboratory 
Dept.  1030  6217  S.  Halsted  Street,  Chicago,  Ilf. 


Learn  the 
benefits  of  Dr. 
Guild’s  GREEN 
MOUNTAIN 
Asthmatic  Com¬ 
pound  in  reliev¬ 
ing  asthmatic 
paroxysms.  It 
has  helped  thou¬ 
sands  for  over  70 
years!  Economi¬ 
cal  —  24  ciga- 
rettes,  only  50*!. 
Powder,  25*!  and 
$1.00,  at  nearly 
all  drug  stores. 
Write  today  for 
FREE  SAMPLE  I 


The  J.  H.  Guild 
Co.,  Dept.  H-l* 
Rupert, Vermont. 


HOOKED  RUG  PATTERNS.  Send  3c  for  illustrated 
folder.  THE  RUG  HATCH,  GLOUCESTER.  MASS. 

Mother,  This  Home- 
Mixed  Cough  Relief 
Is  Wonderful 


No  Cooking.  Very  Easy.  SavesDollar*. 


To  get  the  most  surprising  relief  from 
coughs  due  to  colds,  you  can  easily  pre¬ 
pare  a  medicine,  right  in  your  own  kit¬ 
chen.  It’s  very  easy — a  child  could  do 
it — needs  no  cooking,  and  tastes  so  good 
that  children  take  it  willingly.  But  you’ll 
say  it  beats  them  all  for  quick  results. 

First,  make  a  syrup  by  stirring  2  cups 
of  granulated  sugar  and  one  cup  of  wa¬ 
ter  a  few  moments,  until  dissolved.  Then 
get  2%  ounces  of  Pinex  from  any  drug¬ 
gist,  and  pour  it  into  a  pint  bottle.  Then 
add  your  syrup.  This  gives  you  a  full 
pint  of  really  splendid  cough  syrup — 
about  four  times  as  much  for  your 
money.  It  never  spoils,  and  lasts  a 
family  a  long  time. 

And  for  real  quick  relief,  it  can’t  be 
beaten.  It  acts  in  three  ways — loosens 
the  phlegm,  soothes  the  irritated  mem¬ 
branes,  and  helps  clear  the  air  passages. 

Pinex  is  a  special  compound  of  proven 
ingredients  in  concentrated  form,  well 
known  for  prompt  action  in  coughs  and 
bronchial  irritations.  Money  refunded  if 
it  doesn’t  please  you  in  every  way. 


(76)  20 


American  Agriculturist,  January  17,  1942 


Another  Crossroads 
in  Rural  Education  ? 

(Continued,  from  Page  1) 


do  such  and  such  a  thing  immediately, 
the  public  money  would  be  withheld. 
Almost  always  such  letters  were  un¬ 
justified.  Even  when  it  was  necessary 
to  make  local  authorities  take  action, 
they  could  have  been  requested  to  do 
so,  instead  of  ordered,  to  much  better 
effect. 

As  a  result  of  this  sort  of  policy 
extended  over  a  long  term  of  years,  the 
people  of  the  State  of  New  York  final¬ 
ly  came  to  distrust  the  Education  De¬ 
partment,  and  to  refuse  whenever  they 
could  to  follow  its  suggestions,  even 
good  ones.  This  .undoubtedly  was  one 

of  the  chief  reasons  why  New  York 
State  for  years  lagged  behind  many 
other  states  in  the  Union  in  improve¬ 
ments  in  its  school  system,  particular¬ 
ly  in  its  rural  schools. 

Finally,  realizing  how  badly  country 
young  people  were  suffering  from  lack 
of  equal  educational  opportunities,  the 
farm  organizations  of  the 
state,  acting  through  the 
New  York  State  Confer¬ 
ence  Board  of  Farm  Or¬ 
ganizations  in  cooperation 
with  educational  organiza¬ 
tions,  resolved  to  do  some¬ 
thing  about  it.  As  a  re¬ 
sult,  the  famous  Commit¬ 
tee  of  Twenty-One  was 
organized  in  1920  to  study 
the  rural  school  system 
of  New  York  State,  and 
to  make  a  report  to  the 
people  and  to  the  State 
Legislature.  This  Com¬ 
mittee  consisted  of  three  members  from 
each  of  the  following  organizations : 
New  York  State  Grange,  State  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Education,  Dairymen’s  League, 
New  York  State  Farm  Bureau  Fed¬ 
eration,  New  York  State  College  of 
Agriculture,  New  York  State  Home 
Bureau  Federation,  and  New  York 
State  Teachers’  Association.  Professor 
George  Works,  then  head  of  the  De¬ 
partment  of  Rural  Education  of  the 
New  York  State  College  of  Agricul¬ 
ture,  was  elected  Chairman  of  the 
Committee,  and  I  was  elected  Secre¬ 
tary. 

A  survey  or  study  of  the  schools  was 
made,  and  the  results  were  first  pub¬ 
lished  in  1922.  Also,  members  of  the 
Committee  and  others  discussed  rural 
school  problems  in  many  meetings  with 
rural  people  throughout  the  state.  In 
brief,  the  Committee  through  its  sur¬ 
vey  found  evidence  proving  the  exis¬ 
tence  of  the  rural  school  problems 
mentioned  above — too  many  small  one- 
room  schools,  too  many  poor  onk-room 
schools,  too  high  local  taxation  for  the 
support  of  district  schools,  and  unfair 
and  unequal  distribution  of  local  school 
taxes,  some  farmers  paying  many 
times  more  than  those  in  other  districts 
on  the  same  valuation  for  the  same 
kind  of  schools.  But  the  biggest  thing 

the  Committee  found  was  the  great 

lack  of  opportunity  for  country  young 

people  to  get  a  high  school  education. 

Suggestions  of  the  Committee  of  21 

The  Committee  of  Twenty-One  sug¬ 
gested  to  the  Legislature  amendments 
to  the  educational  law  which  would 
give  country  children  better  education¬ 
al  opportunity.  These  suggestions  in¬ 
cluded  the  recommendations  of  some 
form  of  central  unit,  and  an  increase 
in  State  Aid  for  both  elementary  and 
high  schools. 

Now,  the  Committee  of  Twenty-One, 
composed  for  the  most  part  of  farmer 
representatives,  believed  most  em¬ 
phatically  that  centralization  or  any 
other  important  change  in  the  admin¬ 


istration  of  district  schools  should 
come  only  by  the  majority  vote  of  the 
people  themselves.  But  the  Commit¬ 
tee’s  recommendations  were  badly  mis¬ 
understood  and  criticized  by  a  large 
number  of  people.  Why?  Because  the 
people  feared  and  distrusted  the  Edu¬ 
cation  Department,  and  believed  that 
centralization  or  any  other  change  in 

the  schools  would,  result  in  the  Depart¬ 
ment  and  not  the  people  having  entire 
control  of  the  schools.  So  the  recom¬ 
mendations  of  the  Committee  of  Twen¬ 
ty-One  were  defeated  for  the  time  be¬ 
ing,  and  country  boys  and  girls  con¬ 
tinued  to  be  discriminated  against  in 
educational  opportunity,  while  farmer 
taxpayers  continued  to  pay  too  heavy 
taxes  for  what  they  received  in  return. 

In  the  meantime,  however,  a  change 
had  come  about  in  the  leadership  and 
personnel  in  the  Department  of  Edu¬ 
cation.  Dr.  Frank  P.  Graves  was  ap¬ 
pointed  Commissioner  of  Education  on 
September  10,  1921.  Dr. 
Graves  is  one  of  the  finest 
men  I  have  ever  known, 
a  great  scholar,  a  real 
educator  with  a  lovable 
personality.  Although  Dr. 
Graves  was  often  unfairly 
criticized,  the  criticism 
was  the  result  of  former 
policies  of  the  Department 
and  not  his  own,  for  he 
brought  into  the  adminis¬ 
tration  of  school  affairs 
in  the  state  a  new  em¬ 
phasis  upon  the  demo¬ 
cratic  ideal  that  funda¬ 
mental  decisions  in  administration  of 
schools  should  rest  with  the  people  and 
not  with  the  Department.  Under  Dr. 
Graves’  leadership,  men  like  J.  Cayce 
Morrison,  Ray  P.  Snyder,  A.  K.  Get- 
man,  and  many  others  were  advanced 
in  the  Department  or  brought  into  it. 
Many  of  these  new  leaders  had  grown 
up  on  farms,  had  worked  with  and 
knew  and  understood  farm  folks  and 
their  problems. 

Department  Changes  Attitude 

Immediately  there  was  a  change  in 
the  attitude  and  policy  of  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Education  to  sympathetic  un¬ 
derstanding  and  cooperation.  Instead 
of  telling  rural  people  what  they  must 

do  about  the  schools,  they  asked  for 
opinions  and  advice.  Because  of  this 
new  leadership,  and  because  of  the 
good  foundation  work  which  had  been 
done  by  the  Committee  of  Twenty-One, 
because  of  superior  leadership  in  the 
Legislature,  and  especially  because  so 
many  country  folks  realized  the  great 
need  for  improving  the  schools,  the 
new  Central  School  Act  was  finally 
passed  in  1925.  Under  this  Act,  ap¬ 
proximately  286  central  rural  schools 
have  been  organized.  In  addition  to  the 
Central  School  Act,  State  Aid  for  all 


schools  from  the  district  up  has  been 
greatly  increased,  taxation  among  dis¬ 
tricts  has  been  more  fairly  equalized, 
with  the  general  result  that  New  York 


State  has 

come  from  one 

of  the  poor- 

est 

states 

in 

educational 

advantages 

for 

its  rural 

people  to 

the  enviable 

place  of  close  to  the  top.  There  still 


remains,  however,  much  to  be  done. 

The  Bureau  of  Rural  Schools 

To  work  with  rural  people  in  the 
organization  of  new  central  schools, 
and  to  administer  existing  schools,  a 
Bureau  of  Rural  Schools,  later  chang¬ 
ed  to  a  ""Division,  was  set  up  in  the  De¬ 
partment  of  Education.  Heading  this 
Division  was  the  late  Dr.  Ray  P.  Sny¬ 
der,  a  man  filled  with  one  great  ideal — 
service  to  the  people  of  the  state,  par¬ 
ticularly  to  farm  folks  and  their  young 
people.  To  carry  on  this  important 
work  in  the  Department,  Mr.  Snyder 
surrounded  himself  with  assistants  who 
thoroughly  understood  the  problems  of 
rural-  life  as  well  as  problems  of  rural 
education.  With  such  leaders  in  charge, 

no  very  grave  fundamental  mistakes 

can  be  made. 

In  the  Department,  also,  there  has 
been  iAcreasing  in  importance  for  years 
another  Bureau,  charged  with  working 
with  rural  high  schools  in  the  develop¬ 
ment  and  administration  of  high  school 
instruction  in  agriculture.  Heading  this 
Bureau  for  many  years  has  been  Dr. 
A.  K.  Getman,  a  great  educator,  with 
the  same  kind  of  ideals  and  country 
background  and  understanding  of  rural 
1  people  as  those  possessed  by  Dr. 
Graves,  Dr.  Morrison,  and  Dr.  Snyder. 
Under  the  leadership  of  Dr.  Getman, 
and  his  chief  assistant  Jack  Weaver 
and  other  associates,  and  with  the 
wholehearted  cooperation  of  local  peo¬ 
ple  and  authorities,  high  school  voca¬ 
tional  agriculture  courses  in  our  time 
have  grown  from  none  in  1910  to  more 
than  325  now  in  the  State  of  New 
York.  Similar  courses  now  exist  in 
thousands  of  high  schools  throughout 
the  nation.  The  boys  in  these  courses, 
organized  in  Future  Farmer  Chapters, 
together  with  the  4-H  Club  boys  and 
girls,  give  the  best  promise  for  the  fu¬ 
ture  progress  of  agriculture.  Other  im¬ 
provements  in  rural  schools  include  the 
addition  of  courses  in  guidance,  home¬ 
making,  •  health,  physical  education, 
music  and  art. 

Dangerous  Changes 

Such  was  the  situation  in  the  De¬ 
partment  of  Education  up  to  the  time 
of  the  retirement  of  Commissioner 
Graves  about  a  year  and  a  half  ago. 
But  now  are  we  coming  to  another 

crossroads  in  rural  education  in  this 

state?  There  is  some  handwriting  on 

the  wall  which  is  disturbing  to  those 
,nterested  in  the  continued  progress  pf 
rural  education.  Do  recent  changes  in 
the  administration  of  rural  education 
in  the  New  York  State  Department  of 
Education  indicate  a  tendency  to  slip 
backwards  toward  the  old  days  of  lack 
of  cooperation? 


The  governing  body  of  the  State 
Education  Department  is  the  Board  of 
Regents,  consisting  of  twelve  men 
elected  by  the  joint  session  of  the  As¬ 
sembly  and  Senate  of  the  New  York 
State  Legislature  for  a  term  of  twelve 
years.  The  men  on  this  Board  are  emi¬ 
nent  and  distinguished,  they  serve 
without  pay,  and  are  generous  with 
their  time.  But  with  one  or  two  excep¬ 
tions  they  are  city  men.  The  farm  or¬ 
ganizations  and  the  rural  education 
leaders  of  the  state  have  been  sadly 
remiss  in  not  seeing  to  it  that  the  rural 
education  interests  of  the  state  were 
better  represented  on  the  Board  of 
Regents. 

Another  situation  giving  rural  peo¬ 
ple  great  concern  has  been  the  recent 
decision  to  abolish  the  Division  of  Rur¬ 
al  Education.  Rural  leaders  were  not 

consulted.  Had  they  been,  they  would 
have  advised  against  it.  Many  rural 
people  are  wondering  if  under  the  new 
set-up  in  the  Department  the  gains  in 
rural  education  of  twenty  years  are  to 
be  lost,  or  if  careful  planning  has  been 
given  to  safeguarding  the  interests  and 
needs  of  farm  young  people  by  experi¬ 
enced  leadership  and  competent  admin¬ 
istration  and  supervision  in  the  De¬ 
partment. 

Rural  School  Division  Eliminated 

Ray  Snyder  felt  very  deeply  on  this 
point,  and  he  was  greatly  disturbed, 
fearing  that  the  gains  of  years  would 
be  lost.  He  told  me  in  effect  that  his 
Rural  School  Division,  of  late  years 
designated  as  the  Division  of  Adminis¬ 
trative  Services,  was  being  dismember¬ 
ed.  (This  Division  was  completely 
eliminated  shortly  after  Dr.  Snyder’s 
death).  Ray  thought  also  that  the 
former  policy  of  consulting  rural  peo¬ 
ple  and  their  representatives  and  coop¬ 
erating  with  them  was  gradually  being 
discarded.  The  result  is  that  there  is 

no  one  place  in  the  Department  of  Ed¬ 
ucation  where  rural  trustees,  boards  of 
education,'  farm  leaders,  or  farmers 
can  go  to  discuss  rural  education  prob¬ 
lems  in  all  of  their  phases. 

When  Commissioner  Graves  retired, 
he  was  succeeded  by  the  present  Com¬ 
missioner  of  Education,  Dr.  Ernest  E. 
Cole.  To  the  credit  of  Commissioner 
Cole  it  should  be  said  that  while  a 
member  of  the  Senate  he  took  an  active 
part  in  securing  legislation  for  the  im¬ 
provement  of  rural  schools  and  to¬ 
ward  a  fairer  distribution  of  State  Aid, 
with  the  result  that  New  York  State 
now  has  a  type  of  State  Aid  to  local 
schools  with  few  equals  in  the  whole 
United  States. 

With  this  good  record  back  of  him, 
it  is  difficult  to  understand,  therefore, 
some  of  the  recent  policies  of  the  De¬ 
partment  since  Dr.  Cole  became  Com¬ 
missioner,  policies  which  so  many  be¬ 
lieve  are  contrary  to  the  best  interests 
and  progress  of  rural  education. 

Dr.  Stoddard  New  Commissioner 

Commissioner  Cole  will  retire  on 
July  1,  1942,  and  the  Board  of  Regents 
have  selected  as  his  successor  Dr. 
George  D.  Stoddard,  Dean  of  the  Grad¬ 
uate  School  of  the  University  of  Iowa. 
Dr.  Stoddard  has  the  reputation  of  be¬ 
ing  a  fine  scholar,  as  well  as  a  man 
with  executive  ability  and  a  pleasing, 
friendly  personality.  Coming  from  a 
great  farm  state,  he  should  know  farm 
folks.  To  make  sure  that  Dr.  Stoddard 
knows  how  the  farm  organizations  and 
country  educational  leaders  and  the 
rural  people  themselves  feel  about  this 
problem  of  administering  the  rural 
schools,  the  New  York  State  Confer¬ 
ence  Board  of  Farm  Organizations  at 
their  last  meeting,  in  December,  wrote 
to  Dr.  Stoddard  asking  to  meet  with 
( Continued  on  opposite  page) 


21  (77) 


American  Agriculturist,  January  17,  1942 


P&iAjOmgI 

Linda’s  First  Letter 

Dear  Lucile:  I  am  a  most  unhappy  girl 
and  I  hope  you  can  help  me.  I  am  a 
freshman  in  our  town  high  school  of 
about  500  students.  I  live  on  a  farm 
eight  miles  out  of  town  and  always  en¬ 
joyed  myself  and  kept  up  with  my  crowd 
until  I  started  here  to  school.  I’m  so 
unpopular  and  I  don’t  know  what  to  do 
about  it.  I  have  tried  to  be  friendly  with 
the  girls  but  they  ignore  me  My  clothes 
don*t  look  exactly  like  theirs,  although  I 
dress  modern  and  up-to-date.  Can  you 
help  me  with  any  ideas  that  might  make 
me  more  popular? — Linda. 

I  think  I  can  understand  how  you 
feel,  for  I  can  remember  my  own  ex¬ 
periences.  Way  back  when  I  started 
to  town  high  school,  there  was  a  really 
big  gap  between  town  girls  and  coun¬ 
try  girls,  and  my  mother  and  I  set  out 
to  bridge  that  gap  by  a  very  splendid 
dress  for  me  to  wear  on  the  first  day. 

I  can  see  it  yet  .  .  .  blue  tissue  ging¬ 
ham,  made  in  two  pieces  with  the 
blouse  and  skirt  bordered  with  deep 
scallops  which  we  banded  in  yellow. 
With  what  painstaking  care  Mamma 
cut  the  scallop  pattern  from  newspaper, 
and  what  patient  hand  work  she  put 
into  the  tricky  turns  on  the  binding! 
But,  alas,  the  dress  hung  on  my  thin 
frame  like  a  rag  on  a  bean  pole;  the 
skirt  flapped  disconsolately  around  my 
legs,  and  to  finish  off  this  neat  outfit 
my  feet  were  encases  in  “baby-doll” 
pumps  .  .  .  horrid,  flat  slippers  that 
buttoned  around  the  ankle  and  gave 
me  as  much  grace  in  movement  as 
though  I’d  stuck  my  feet  in  two  water¬ 
melons.  As  a  finishing  touch,  a  big 
double  row  of  blue  ribbon  was  attach- 


LETTERS  TO  LINDA 
AND  DOB 

ITH  this  issue,  Lucile  starts 
a  new  series  of  LETTERS 
TO  LINDA,  a  typical  farm  girl, 
about  15  or  16  years  old,  who  is 
going  to  a  town  high  school  and 
just  beginning  to  brush  shoulders 
with  an  unfamiliar  world. 

In  these  letters,  Lucile  will  dis¬ 
cuss  the  problems  that  young 
girls  write  her  about  for  her  ad¬ 
vice.  Each  of  these  letters  will 
be  a  real  letter  from  a  real  girl, 
but  in  each  case  it  will  be  signed 
just  “Linda.”  There  will  also  be 
a  series  of  LETTERS  TO  BOB, 
a  typical  farm  boy  of  about 
Linda’s  age.  Real  letters  from 
real  boys  will  appear  in  this 
series. 

Every  young  person  who  has  a 
problem  that  he  or  she  would 
like  Lucile’s  advice  on  is  invited 
to  write  to  this  department.  Ad¬ 
dress  Lucile,  American  Agricul¬ 
turist,  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
Are  you  worried  about  dates  and 
petting,  about  how  to  be  popylar, 
how  to  order  a  meal  in  a  restaur¬ 
ant,  how  to  plan  a  career,  or  how 
to  have  happier  relations  at 
home?  Whatever  your  problem, 
write  Lucile  and  she’ll  discuss  it 
in  this  new  series  of  letters  to 
Linda  and  Bob.  Be  sure  to  sign 
your  real  name  and  address. 

Of  course,  any  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  reader — young  or  old — - 
may  write  Lucile  for  advice  on 
problems  of  a  personal  nature. 
For  a  prompt,  personal  reply, 
send  stamped,  self-addressed  en¬ 
velop.  Every  letter  received  will 
be  kept  confidential.  If  your  let¬ 
ter  is  published  in  the  paper,  it 
will  be  disguised  so  that  it  can¬ 
not  be  recognized  by  anyone  or 
cause  you  any  embarrassment. 


PuddeMtl 

ed  to  my  swinging  braid  just  at  the 
nape  of  the  neck  .  .  .  and  I  was  all 
set  to  be  a  high  school  Freshman! 

I’m  telling  you  of  my  experience  in  de¬ 
tail  this  way  to  show  you  what  clothes 
can  do.  I,  too,  was  desperately  un¬ 
happy,  but  observant,  and  I  soon  noted 
that  the  trend  was  toward  sleek  bobs 
and  middy  blouses  with  simple  pleated 
skirts.  Off  came  my  braid,  up  came 
my  hem  line,  away  went  my  tricky 
shoes  and  scallops.  And  in  a  month’s 
time  I  was  elected  president  of  the 
Freshman  class!  (And  scared  to 
death,  let  me  tell  you,  at  the  honor  (?) 
thus  accorded  me.) 

So,  I  won’t  admit  that  your  clothes 
can  handicap  you  for  very  long,  especi¬ 
ally  in  this  day  when  all  girls  dress  so 
much  alike.  Probably  for  you,  it  is 
just  a  matter  of  getting  used  to  the 
“Sloppy  Jo”  sweaters,  put  on  hind-side- 
before  and  with  the  sleeves  pushed  up; 
the  dirty  saddle  shoes,  worn  winter 
and  summer,  and  the  fly-away,  long 
curled  bob.  Once  you’ve  thus  outfitted 
yourself,  you’re  on  equal  footing  with 
the  other  girls,  so  far  as  raiment  is 
concerned. 

Now  getting  down  to  why  they  don’t 
like  you.  There  may  be  two  reasons. 
Maybe  you’re  trying  too  hard  ...  so 
hard  that  they  may  be  secretly  label¬ 
ing  you  a  “toady”  or  a  social  climber. 
Hold  yourself  in  readiness  for  friendli¬ 
ness,  but  don’t  be  “pushing.”  Realize 
that  the  quality  of  friendship  you  have 
to  offer  is  pretty  fine  .  .  .  and  don’t 
squander  it.  In  other  words,  be  friend¬ 
ly  but  not  gushing  toward  your  new 
acquaintances. 

The  other  reason  for  your  unpopu¬ 
larity  may  be  that  you  carry  a  mental 
chip  on  your  shoulder,  sort  of  “Well, 
here  I  am  ...  a  farm  girl,  but  just  as 
good  as  you  are.  Dare  to  try  and  act 
as  if  I  weren’t.”  Perhaps  you  con¬ 
stantly  challenge  your  classmates  in 
your  unhappy  mind  and  give  them 
credit  for  thoughts  they  probably  never 
entertain.  Forget  to  be  afraid  you 
won’t  be  popular.  Be  prepared  and 
willing  to  give  as  much  as  you  expect 
to  receive. 

Contribute  what  you  have  as  the 
opportunity  arises.  Going  back  to  my 
personal  case  history,  I  remember  that 
when  I  first  started  to  high  school  I 
died  a  thousand  deaths  on  those  Fri¬ 
days  when  my  Dad  came  after  me  in 
the  wagon  used  to  haul  feed  or  flour 
out  to  the  farm.  I  felt  I’d  be  eternally 
disgraced  if  any  of  the  “town  kids” 
saw  me  riding  in  a  wagon  .  .  .  but, 
lo  and  behold,  I  soon  found  out,  after 
I’d  made  a  few  friends,  that  their  idea 
of  a  swell  time  was  to  be  invited  home 
with  me  for  the  week-end  so  they  could 
ride  those  eight  miles  in  a  wagon  be¬ 
hind  the  lively  team  of  Bird  and  Dan, 
and  listen  to  my  father’s  dry,  sharp 
jokes  and  comments  as  we  went  along. 

Of  course,  I  know,,  that  horse  and 
buggy  days  are  over,  so  you  can’t  re¬ 
peat  my  experience,  but  I’m  trying  to 
make  you  get  away  from  any  feeling 
of  inferiority.  We’re  all  valuable,  inas¬ 
much  as  each  of  us  has  things  to  con¬ 
tribute  that  others  do  not  have.  May¬ 
be  you  can  have  the  gang  out  for  a 
hay  ride  or  _sleigh  ride  with  a  chili 
supper  afterward;  or  a  wild  flower  hunt 
next  spring;  or  a  Saturday  afternoon 
trip  to  the  woods  after  wild  grapes  and 
nuts  next  fall.  Or  just  invite  a  few 
of  the  girls  you  make  friends  with  for 
a  week-end  on  the  farm. 

Whatever  you  do,  get  rid  of  the 
shadow  your  imagined  unpopularity  is 
casting  over  you.  Some  of  the  happi¬ 
est  days  of  your  life  lie  just  ahead  of 
you;  new  friends  to  make,  class  par¬ 
ties,  glee  club,  orchestra  or  school 
chorus;  games,  the  inspiration  of  fine 
teachers,  new  knowledge  of  new  sub¬ 


jects  from  new  books.  Don’t  put  on 
a  handicap  by  starting  out  unsure  of 
yourself  and  suspicious  of  everybody 
else. — Lucile. 

— a. a. — 

Pointers  on  Procedures 

Dear  Lucile :  Please  help  me  with  my 
problems. 

Do  you  think  it  would  be  all  right  for 
me  to  write  to  a  boy  whom  I  know  in  the 
army.  I  know  this  boy  would  like  to  re¬ 
ceive  mail  from  his  home  town  friends. 
This  boy  is  nothing  more  to  me  than  a 
friend,  but  I  like  him  very  much.  Do  you 
think  I  could  write  to  him  without  mak¬ 
ing  him  think  I’m  trying  to  be  more  than 
a  friend?  I  met  him  where  I  work. 

What  should  a  girl  say  on  her  first 
night  out  with  a  boy  friend  on  leaving? 

What  can  you  say  to  your  new  date  if 
he  tries  to  kiss  you?  Will  he  want  to  date 
you  again  if  you  refuse? — Jean. 

While  it  would  not  be  terribly  im¬ 
proper  for  you  to  write  to  this  young 
man  who  is  in  the  army,  do  not  you 
think  that  if  he  really  wanted  to  cor¬ 
respond  with  you  he  would  write  first, 
or  have  asked  you  to  write  to  him  when 
he  met  you  at  the  home  where  you 
work? 

When  you  are  leaving  a  boy  on  your 
first  date,  thank  him  for  a  pleasant 
evening  and  tell  him  that  you  have  en¬ 
joyed  yourself. 

No,  refusing  a  boy  a  kiss  on  a  first 
date  won’t  make  him  not  ask  for  other 
dates.  A  girl  should  do  as  her  prin¬ 
ciples  dictate  and  if  she  feels  that  she 
does  not  like  to  be  so  free  with  her 
kisses,  she  can  tell  the  young  man  that 
she  would  rather  wait  until  she  is  bet¬ 
ter  acquainted,  as  a  kiss  exchanged  on 
such  slight  acquaintance  wouldn’t 
mean  much,  and  that  she  thinks  they 
should. 

— a.  a. — 

_  Another  Crossroads  in 
Rural  Education? 

( Continued  from  opposite  page) 
him  as  soon  as  possible  to  acquaint 
him  with  the  farmers’  point  of  view, 
and  the  farmers’  determination  to  have 
rural  people  represented  in  the  admin¬ 
istration  of  education  in  New  York 
State. 

The  Conference  Board  also  passed  a 
resolution  asking  that  a  division  or 
bureau  of  rural  education  be  re-estab¬ 
lished  in  the  Department,  and  still  an¬ 
other  resolution  calling  on  all  rural  peo¬ 
ple  and  their  organizations  to  unite  on 
a  program  to  put  more  farmer  repre¬ 
sentatives  on  the  Board  of  Regents. 

For  many  years  American  Agricul¬ 
turist,  cooperating  with  the  farm  or¬ 
ganizations  and  with  leaders  of  rural 
education,  has  worked  for  better  edu¬ 
cational  opportunities  for  country  boys 
and  girls.  As  I  have  pointed  out,  great 
progress  has  been  made,  but  we  have 
always  insisted  that  important  decis¬ 
ions  on  changes  in  the  schools  must  be 


NEW  YEAR 

By  Julia  Lounsbery  Wallace. 

Time’s  long  fingers  have  reached  from 
eternity, 

Leafing  our  record  of  blood  and  of 
tears. 

On  this  clean  page  shall  we  write  how 
humanity 

Sank  in  the  flood  of  its  terrible  fears? 

Seed  time  and  harvest,  moon  rise  and 
sunset, 

Love  and  devotion  and  mystery  of 
birth, 

All  the  unchangeable  goods  of  creation, 

These  are  the  values  that  steady  the 
earth. 

Soon  on  the  hilltops  a  light  will  be 
breaking, 

Evils  that  prospered  will  fall  in  their 
turn. 

Through  the  great  darkness,  God’s  hand 
will  be  showing, 

Pointing  a  way  for  the  spirits  that 
yearn. 


The  Amateur  Poet’s 
Corner 


Because  of  the  number  of  contributions, 
tve  do  not  return  poems  not  published. 
Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

The  limit  in  length  is  sixteen  (16)  lines, 
and  each  poem  submitted  for  this  corner 
must  be  original  and  the  work  of  an 
amateur  poet.  Therefore,  when  sending 
in  a  poem,  be  sure  to  state  whether  you 
are  the  author  of  it.  $2.00  will  be  paid 
for  each  one  printed.  Check  will  be  mail¬ 
ed  on  or  about  the  first  day  of  month 
following  publication. 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist .  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  "N.  Y. 

HOMECOMING 

Perchance  a  gay  smile  welcomes  .me, 
Perchance  a  rush  of  gladsome  feet 
Announces  soon  I’ll  be  beseiged 
By  hugs  and  kisses,  honey  sweet. 

It  may  be  but  a  “Hello,  Mom!”, 

A  “Hi!”  beneath  some  shaving  foam; 
No  matter  how,  I  can  be  sure 
Of  welcoming  arms  at  home. 

I  offer  thanks  for  many  things 
A  happy  heart  must  needs  possess: 
The  joys  of  fall,  the  hopes  of  spring, 
A  falling  snowflake’s  soft  caress; 

But  towering  over  all  of  these, 

As  towers  a  golden-crested  dome, 

Are  grateful  thanks  from  my  full  heart 
For  welcoming  arms  at  home. 

— Eunice  Catherine  Lambert, 
Burlington,  Vt. 


made  in  the  democratic  way  by  a  ma¬ 
jority  vote  of  the  people  concerned. 
Local  control  must  be  maintained. 

Some  Questions  for  Department 
Leaders 

Equally  important  also  is  the  prin¬ 
ciple  that  administration  of  rural  edu¬ 
cation  in  the  Department  shall  be  car¬ 
ried  on  by  men  who  not  only  know  edu¬ 
cation,  but  who  know  country  life  and 
the  problems  of  farm  people.  There 
must  be  also  in  the  Department  an 
agency  where  farmers  and  rural  school 
leaders  can  go  directly  with  their  prob¬ 
lems  and  be  sure  of  sympathy  and  un¬ 
derstanding.  Until  recently  we  had 
such  an  agency,  headed  by  Dr.  Ray  P. 
Snyder.  That  is  now  gone.  Therefore, 
I  should  like  to  ask  both  the  present 
administration  in  the  Education  De¬ 
partment,  and  the  incoming  one,  to  be 
headed  by  Commissioner  Stoddard,  the 
following  questions: 

1.  What  assurance  do  rural  people 
have  that  the  New  York  State  Educa¬ 
tion  Department  will  continue  the  con¬ 
structive  and  understanding  leadership 
of  rural  schools  that  has  characterized 
the  services  rendered  by  the  Rural  Ed¬ 
ucation  Division? 

2.  What  assurance  have  country  peo¬ 
ple  that  the  particular  needs  of  boys 
and  girls  from  farms,  and  many  non¬ 
farm  rural  elements  of  our  population, 
will  be  adequately  considered  in  the 
making  of  curricular  programs,  in  the 
organization  of  new  school  districts, 
including  new  central  school  districts, 
and  in  continuing  to  provide  educa¬ 
tional  services  adapted  to  the  needs  of 
rural  people? 

3.  By  what  means  will  the  quality 
of  teaching  in  the  rural  schools  be  con¬ 
sistently  improved? 

4.  How  is  it  proposed  to  improve  the 
supervisory  services  of  rural  schools? 

5.  In  administering  the  various  types 
of  schools  and  classes  for  rural  areas, 
how  is  it  proposed  to  continue  the  full 
use  of  the  practical  experience  and 
judgment  of  the  leaders  of  the  farm 
organizations  and  local  school  patrons 
in  establishing  district  boundaries  and 
in  financing  school  services? 

Progress  in  better  school  advantages 
for  rural  boys  and  girls  in  the  past 
twenty  years  has  cost  too  much  in 
money,  work,  and  sacrifice  to  be  set 
back  now.  A  great  responsibility  rests 
on  both  Department  of  Education  and 
rural  leaders  to  continue  the  under¬ 
standing  and  team  work  that  made 
that  progress  possible. 


(78)  22 


American  Agriculturist,  January  17,  1942 


Kernels,  Screenings 
and  Cliaff 

By  II.  E.  BABCOCK 


W 


HEN  YOU  read  this,  we 
will  be  entering  the  New 
Year.  Under  the  circum¬ 
stances,  wishing  you  a 
Happy  New  Year  may  seem  a  bit 
ironic.  On  the  other  hand,  I  re¬ 
member  no  January  first  when  such 
a  wish  was  more  in  order. 

We  Are  Confused 

Ever  since  we  declared  war  I  have 
been  conscious  of  a  good  deal  of 
confusion  in  my  own  thinking  and 
I  am  bound  to  say  that  I  have  not 
received  much  help  from  my  friends. 
They  also  seem  confused. 

Always  when  I  get  into  a  mental 
muddle  I  retreat  to  the  farm  and 
stay  there  until  I  can  think  through 
a  course  of  action.  I  have  tried  to 
do  this  in  my  present  situation. 

One  Point  of  View 

As  I  see  it,  every  worthwhile  man 
and  woman  wants  to  do  something 
in  the  present  emergency.  As  a  re¬ 
sult,  a  lot  of  well-intentioned  peo¬ 
ple  are  rushing  in  to  promote  this 
or  that  pet  scheme  for  public  de¬ 
fense  or  for  the  establishment  and 

» 

conduct  of  a  war  economy. 

For  the  moment  I  am  content  to 
leave  public  defense  problems,  like 
organizing  for  air  raid  protection, 
etc.,  out  of  my  thinking  because  I 
know  nothing  about  such  activities. 
When  it  comes  to  measures  which 
deal  with  my  life  as  a  farmer,  how¬ 
ever,  I  am  not  content  to  remain 
silent  or  inactive. 

What  We  Are  Fighting  For 

As  farmers  we  are  really  fighting 
a  two-front  war.  One  front  is 
against  the  Axis  powers.  It  is  like¬ 
ly  to  demand  everything  we  have 
to  contribute.  My  opinion  is  that 
we  can  withhold  nothing.  Every¬ 
thing  we  hold  dear  is  at  stake.  Our 
sons  are  in  actual  combat.  The 
nation  has  a  right  to  expect  of  us 
sacrifice  and  more  sacrifice  until  the 
war  is  won. 

The  other  front  on  which  we  are 
fighting  is  for  the  long  time  preser¬ 
vation  here  at  home  of  such  rights 
as  free  speech,  free  assembly,  re¬ 
ligious  freedom,  and  the  opportuni¬ 
ties  of  private  enterprise.  Neces¬ 
sarily,  not  the  right  but  the  exercise 
of  some  of  these  prerogatives  may 
have  to  be  temporarily  altered  to 
bring  about  an  essential  unity  in 
national  action  during  the  war. 

What  We  Can  Do 

While  we  are  doing  everything 
we  can  to  support  the  Administra¬ 
tion  and  the  conduct  of  the  war,  we 


also  can  support  the  cause  of  liberty 
by  taking  certain  actions  at  home. 
(1)  As  farmers  we  can  get  out  of 
debt  if  possible,  at  least  aim  to  get* 
a  home  paid  for.  (2)  We  can  take 
more  interest  in  our  town  and  coun¬ 
ty  governments  and  keep  them  in 
our  hands.  (3)  We  can  protect  and 
strengthen  our  local  agricultural 
agencies,  such  as  our  granges,  our 
county  farm  and  home  bureau  asso¬ 
ciations,  good  farm  papers  like 
American  Agriculturist,  and  our 
local  cooperatives.  (4)  We  can 
strengthen  the  organizations  which 
protect  our  rights  as  farmers  in  state 
and  federal  legislation. 

When  Peace  Comes 

Some  day  peace  will  come.  No 
one  yet  knows  when  or  how.  When 
it  does  come,  the  adjustment  from 
a  war  time  to  a  peace  basis  will 
challenge  the  resourcefulness  and 
the  sanity  of  this  nation. 

At  that  time  as  farmers  we  must 
have  the  machinery  with  which  to 
reestablish  a  free  agriculture,  an 
agriculture  protected  alike  from 
domination  by  industry,  labor,  and 
government.  We  will  not  be  able 
to  do  this  unless  we  are  reasonably 
well  out  of  debt  at  the  time  or  un¬ 
less  we  have  plenty  of  one  hundred 
per  cent  farmer-owned  and  con¬ 
trolled  organizations  like  local 
granges  and  community  coopera¬ 
tives  to  speak  and  act  for  us. 

My  Own  Plan 

I  started  out  this  article  by  ad¬ 
mitting  confusion  and  telling  of  my 
retreat  to  the  farm  to  think  things 
through.  I  am  ending  it  not  as 
confused  as  I  have  been. 

As  I  see  it,  as  farmers  we  have 
got  to  do  everything  we  can  to  win 
the  war.  I  only  hope  that  we  will 
be  left  reasonably  free  to  make  our 
contribution  in  our  own  way.  I 
hate  to  see  the  good,  patriotic,  com¬ 


petent  farmers  of  this  country  regi¬ 
mented  by  a  bureaucracy  which  will 
derive  its  power  from  the  emergency 
and  the  flow  of  funds  from  the  fed¬ 
eral  treasury  rather  than  from 
brains,  but  I  suppose  we  will  have 
to  accept  some  of  such  interference. 

In  addition  to  making  real  sacri¬ 
fices  to  win  the  war,  we  as  farmers 
have  a  second  job  to  do.  It  is  so 
to  build  our  local  institutions  and 
conduct  our  local  affairs  that  in 
their  operation  we  continually  apply 
and  thereby  keep  alive  and  protect 
the  ideals  of  a  free  people. 

Tires  for  Implements 

One  phase  of  the  rubber  shortage 
which  has  been  entirely  overlooked 
to  date  has  to  do  with  farm  imple¬ 
ments.  There  must  be  several  hun¬ 
dred  thousand  wheels  on  pieces  of 
farm  equipment  in  the  country 
which  are  shod  with  inflated  rubber 
tires. 

Many  of  these  tires  are  of  odd 
sizes.  Some  of  them  will  be  wearing 
out.  Replacements  will  be  impossi¬ 
ble.  On  our  own  farms,  because  of  a 
standardized  wheel  size  for  all  pieces 
of  equipment,  we  can  change  all  our 
wheels  and  tires  around.  If  worse 
comes  to  worst,  we  can  get  along 
with  a  total  of  eight  or  ten  wheels 
shod  with  inflated  rubber  tires  — 
even  take  the  tires  off  the  manure 
spreader  and  put  them  on  the  pass¬ 
enger  car  if  eventually  we  get  that 
hard  up. 

Satisfactory  Gains 

Just  a  few  minutes  before  I  sat 
down  to  write  this,  I  sold  ten  of  the 
Hereford  heifer  calves  which  we 
brought  in  last  November. 

The  average  weight  on  these  ten 
heifers  was  770  pounds.  They  weigh- 


This  is  Michael,  Doberman  pinscher. 
He  is  just  as  smart  as  he  looks.  Given  an 
even  break  he  will  make  a  great  dog; 
loyal,  courageous  and  full  of  the  joy  of 
living. 


ed  approximately  250  pounds  apiece 
in  Texas  less  than  14  months  ago. 
This  is  the  bunch  of  calves  which 
were  quite  sick  with  shipping  fever 
when  they  arrived  last  fall. 

My  figures  show  that,  including 
what  they  ate  last  winter,  these 
heifers  up  to  the  time  I  sold  them 
ate  approximately  1500  pounds 
apiece  of  a  rather  cheap  grain  mix¬ 
ture.  All  the  rest  of  their  gain  and 
growth  was  made  on  pasture  or  on 
grass  silage  and  hay. 

One  Feed  a  Oay 

This  fall,  following  long  establish¬ 
ed  custom  we  began  the  barn  season 
by  feeding  our  dry  and  young  stock 
twice  a  day.  After  doing  it  for  a 
month  I  decided  we  were  spending 
too  much  time  on  chores,  and  that 
we  weren’t  getting  results  with  it  in 
the  growth  and  development  of  our 
livestock.  We  changed  over  to  one 
feeding  a  day. 

For  several  years  it  has  been  our 
practice  to  barn  feed  everything  but 
milking  cows  once  a  day.  During 
this  period  we  have  developed  a 
plan  for  such  feeding  which  works 
Possibly  it  will  offer  relief  to  some 
chore-ridden  farm  family.  It  is  of¬ 
fered  for  what  it  is  worth. 

We  feed  preferably  right  after  the 
noon  hour.  We  put  chopped  hay  in 
the  bunk  and  silage  on  top  of  it.  If 
grain  is  fed,  this  goes  on  top  of  the 
silage.  Stock  fed  this  way  will  eat  its 
grain,  then  the  silage,  and  then  start 
in  slowly  on  the  hay.  It  will  usually 
fill  up  in  a  couple  of  hours  and  lie 
down.  About  sunset  it  will  get  up 
again  and  start  in  on  the  hay.  Two 
or  three  hours  later,  it  will  bed  down 
full  as  ticks  for  the  night.  When  I 
go  down  to  the  barn  just  before  bed 
time,  I  like  to  find  stock  lying  down 
— sometimes  heifers  and  colts  will 
be  laid  out  flat  on  their  sides.  At  this 
time  there  should  be  about  10  to  15 
per  cent  of  the  hay  left  in  the  bunks. 

Mule  Versus  Pony 

This  winter  we  are  carrying  ten 
mules.  Their  board  bill  is  felt  less 
because  of  the  comedy  relief  they 
supply.  Our  farms  wouldn’t  be  the 
same  without  them.  They  are  smart. 

Yet  I  saw  one  of  our  Texas  cow 
ponies  out-general  one  big  mule  so 
completely  the  other  night  that  the 
mule  hasn’t  got  his  big  ears  erect 
since.  This  mule  had  found  a  par¬ 
ticularly  tasty  lot  of  feed  in  one  end 
of  a  bunk  and  he  very  evidently  in¬ 
tended  to  keep  it  for  himself.  In  do¬ 
ing  so  he  protected  so  much  area 
with  his  heels  that  the  cow  pony 
couldn’t  get  to  the  bunk  at  all. 
Maybe  the  pony  had  played  polo.  I 
don’t  know.  Anyway,  suddenly  he 
rushed  the  mule  and  got  his  should¬ 
er  right  under  the  mule’s  hips.  The 
mule  tried  to  kick.  The  pony  was  so 
close  he  couldn’t  and  every  time  he 
tried  the  pony  nearly  stood  him  on 
his  head.  Finally,  the  mule  almost 
lost  his  balance  and  the  pony  trund¬ 
led  him  right  away  from  the  bunk 
on  his  fore  feet.  Then  the  pony 
squared  away  where  the  mule  had 
been  and  invited  all  comers  to  oust 
him.  None  tried.  The  mule  was  a 
picture  of  dejection. 


American  Agriculturist,  January  17,  1942 


23  (79) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 

By  atf.  Jl.  G&ili+ie 


Where's  the  Waste  Basket? 

“The  other  day,  I  received  a  letter 
from  the  International  Trustees  saying 
they  were'  holding  some  money  in  trust 
for  me,  and  asking  me  to  fill  out  a  form 
and  return  it.  Can  you  tell  me  anything 
about  this?” 

Our  subscriber  evidently  failed  to 
read  the  Service  Bureau’  page  regular¬ 
ly.  We  had  a  note  about  this  not  long 
ago.  Some  readers  tell  us  that  they 
filled  out  cards  similar  to  this,  and 
each  received  a  penny  with  a  letter 
telling  that  it  was  the  money  that  was 
held  in  trust! 

Obviously,  no  company  is  handing 
out  pennies  for  nothing.  It  appears 
that  concerns  that  send  out  such  let¬ 
ters  do  so  for  one  of  two  reasons; 
they  are  intending  to  turn  over  these 
names  and  addresses  to  collection  agen¬ 
cies,  or  they  are  building  what  is  call¬ 
ed  a  “sucker  list”  to  sell  to  operators 
of  questionable  schemes.  Apparently, 
they  go  on  the  theory  that  a  person 
who  would  fill  out  such  a  questionnaire 
with  the  idea  of  getting  money  dropped 
in  his  lap,  would  be  a  good  prospect  for 
a  man  who  was  hoping  to  get  money 
from  him  on  some  flimsy  pretense. 

Our  advice  is  to  throw  such  letters 
in  the  waste  basket. 

—  A.  A. — 

About  Car  Insurance 

“I  work  in  a  factory  about  15  miles 
from  home.  Several  fellow  employees 
ride  to  work  with  me  and  pay  part  of 
my  expenses.  Is  my  car  insurance  good? 
If  I  should  g$t  in  an  accident,  would  I 
get  into  trouble  on  the  grounds  that  I 
am  carrying  passengers  for  hire, — and 
possibly  lose  my  license  to  drive?” — N.  Y. 

In  view  of  the  new  Financial  Re¬ 
sponsibility  Law  that  went  into  effect 
on  January  1,  in  New  York  State,  this 
is  a  very  important  question. 

To  get  official  information,  we  wrote 
the  Bureau  of  Motor  Vehicles  and  re¬ 
ceived  this  reply:  “In  an  opinion 
rendered  by  the  Counsel  to  the  Com¬ 
missioner  of  Motor  Vehicles  on  August 
15,  1941,  it  was  stated,  ‘that  a  person 
transporting  fellow  employees  to  work 
or  fellow  students  to  an  institution  of 


Claims  Sottlod  by  the 

Service  Bureau 

NEW  YORK 

John  Slesinski,  Pine  Island  - . —  _  S 

5.00 

(part  payment  on  a  claim) 

Mrs.  R.  H.  Darling,  Alpine  _  .  _ 

18.75 

(refund  of  deposit  on  baby  chick  order) 

Benjamin  Hubbard.  Ontario _ 

2.50 

(adjustment  on  a  mail  order) 

A.  Vermeulen,  Newburgh  _ 

3.00 

(part  payment  on  account) 

Mrs.  John  Redden.  Tully  .  - 

5.00 

(adjustment  on  baby  chick  order) 

Wm.  H.  Benjamin,  Lounsberry _ 

3.83 

(refund  on  order  of  nursery  stock) 

Maynard  C.  Avery.  Central  Square  - 

8.73 

(adjustment  on  order  of  livestock) 

M.  Hutchinson,  Yorkshire  ..  _  -  _ 

2.00 

(claim  settled) 

Earl  Duntley,  Greene  _  ... 

20.00 

(part  payment  on  shipment  of  turkey  feathers) 

Orville  Bradshaw.  Central  Square  .  _  . 

5.18 

(adjustment  on  baity  chick  complaint) 
Robe1-:  McRorie.  Rose..  .  .  -  -  — 

56.40 

(returns  for  flowers  shipped) 

Mrs.  Frank  Babcock,  Grafton  - 

2.00 

(adjustment  on  mail  order) 

Orlando  Scoville,  Livinnstonville  _  —  —  _ 

32.50 

(adjustment  on  a  mail  order) 

S.  L.  Cole,  Corning  ._  .  .  -  - 

6.85 

(adjustment  on  a  mail  order) 

1.  H.  Wheat,  Hamden  .  - 

(mail  order  adjusted) 

1.15 

4.00 

George  P.  Davis,  Hyde  Park  — - 

(claim  adjusted) 

Jahn  Hunt,  Dryden  .  — -  - 

3.94 

(claim  adjusted) 

Mrs.  Stewart  Coats.  Alpine - 

7.13 

(settlement  on  eggs) 

F.  B.  Zinc,  Great  Valley - 

159  70 

(.settlement  on  milking  machine) 

Albert  C.  Berberich,  Youngsville  - 

36.45 

(claim  adjusted) 

NEW  JERSEY 

27.09 

(protested  check  made  sood). 

80.00 

(payment  received  for  logs) 

PENNSYLVANIA 

Frank  Eales,  Susquehanna - -  —  - 

40.00 

(adjustment  on  livestock) 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

Harold  Smith,  Loudon _ 

7.46 

(adjustment  on  shipment  of  blueberries) 

John  Wikkala,  Newport  _  -  -  _ 

100.00 

(claim  adjusted) 

VERMONT 

Harold  Carleton,  W.  Newbury _ _ _ _ _ 

36.29 

(payment  for  maple  syrup) 

learning  is  not  engaged  in  the  business 
of  carrying  or  transporting  passengers 
for  hire.’  ” 

From  this  opinion,  it  is  obvious  that 
you  can  take  your  fellow  workman  to 
work  and  let  him  pay  part  of  the  ex¬ 
penses  without  violating  the  New  York 
State  law. 

—  A.  A. — 

Convicted 

Carlo  Flumiani,  head  of  Fortuny’s 
Publishers,  Inc.,  was  convicted  of  us¬ 
ing  the  mails  to  defraud  in  December, 
in  New  York  City.  Flumiani  was 
charged  with  obtaining  an  estimated 
one-half  million  dollars  from  authors 
who  were  anxious  to  have  their  work 
published.  Flumiani  faces  the  possibil¬ 
ity  of  a  maximum  imprisonment  of 
sixty  years,  and  a  twelve  thousand 
dollar  fine. 

There  is  never  a  week  passes  but 
some  subscriber  writes  the  Service 
Bureau  inquiring  about  some  similar 
scheme.  Reputable  publishers  are  will¬ 
ing  to  pay  for  stories  which  they  think 
would  sell.  If  a  man  wants  you  to  pay 
him  something  for  publishing  your 
stories,  songs  or  poems,  we  think  that 
is  sufficient  reason  for  throwing  his 
proposal  in  the  waste  basket. 

—  A.  A. — 

Sheep  Killers 

“Dogs  have  been  worrying  my  sheep. 
The  assessors  appraised  the  damage  and 
say  that  I  will  get  paid,  but  that  does 
not  fiplly  settle  the  trouble.  I  Enow  the 
owner  of  two  dogs ;  one  man  killed  his 
dog,  but  the  other  one  refused.  The 
sheep  are  scared  to  death  and  this  dog 
is  certainly  going  to  kill  some  more  soon¬ 
er  or  later.  What  can  I  do?” 

Any  sheep  owner  has  the  right  to 
shoot  dogs  when  he  finds  them  worry¬ 
ing  his  sheep,  but  he  has  no  right  to 
shoot  a  dog  on  his  premises,  just  on 
suspicion,  unless  the  dog  is  not  wear¬ 
ing  a  license  tag. 

The  New  York  law  says  that  where 
owners  of  sheep  killing  dogs  are  known, 
they  are  liable  for  the  damage  done. 
Perhaps,  if  the  assessors  make  the 
owner  of  this  dog  settle,  he  will  agree 
to  dispose  of  him.  Once  a  dog  gets 
the  habit  of  sheep-killing,  he  is  not 
likely  to  lose  it,  and  it  certainly  is  not 
fair  for  any  man  to  keep  a  dog  known 
to  be  a  sheep-killer. 

— a.  a. — 

C.O.D. 

“I  am  dickering  with  a  pet  shop  in 
Philadelphia  who  wants  to  buy  some  of 
my  dogs.  Can  you  give  me  a  report  on  it?” 

We  can  get  a  report  on  the  financial 
standing  of  any  business  concern  for 
$1.00,  but  in  this  case,  we  do  not  feel 
it  would  be  particularly  valuable.  The 
shop  might  be  sound,  financially,  and 
still  neglect  to  pay  you.  In  the  past, 
we  have  had  a  good  many  complaints 
from  readers  who  have  shipped  pet 
stock  and  didn’t  get  paid.  Therefore, 
we  suggest  an  agreement  whereby  the 
dogs  are  shipped  C.O.D.  with  a  pro¬ 
vision.  that  the  money  will  be  refund¬ 
ed  if  the  dogs  are  -not  satisfactory, 
and  if  returned  within  a  definite  period, 
say  three  days.  In  this  way,  both  par¬ 
ties  are  protected. 

— A.  A.— 

For  Stamp  Colloelors 

Many  of  our  young  readers  are  in¬ 
terested  in  collecting  stamps.  The  gov¬ 
ernment  has  recently  published  a  small 
booklet  called  “A  description  of  U.  S. 
Postage  Stamps,  Junior  Edition.”  It 
has  a  paper  cover  and  costs  ten  cents. 
Do  not  send  stamps.  Coin,  of  course, 
is  sent  at  your  own  risk,  or  you  can 
send  Check  or  postal  money  order,  to 
the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  Gov¬ 
ernment  Printing  Office,  Washington, 
D.  C. 


John  Pryor,  Agent  at  Chadwicks,  N.  Y.,  delivers  $1000 
death  indemnity  check  to  Mrs.  George  Fox  and  family 
whose  son";  William,  was  killed  in  an  automobile  accident. 


T  ODAY  I  had  an  experience  I  will 
long  remember  —  one  which  impressed 
the  thought  in  my  mind  more  than 
ever  before  that  we  of  the  N.  A.  are 
rendering  a  service  far  greater  than 
we  often  value. 

“This  was  the  case  of  William  Fox 
who  met  his  death  while  driving  home 
(from  Ithaca  where  he  was  employed 
by  the  G.L.F.)  to  spend  the  week-end 
with  his  parents.  Driving  alone  some¬ 
thing  happened.  His  car  was  found 
at  the  bottom  of  a  50  foot  embank¬ 
ment,  he  with  a  fractured  skull  from 
which  he  died  before  a  doctor  could 
reach  him. 

“Today  I  delivered  a  $1000  check  to 
his  broken-hearted  mother  who  sur¬ 
vives  with  his  father,  four  brothers, 
and  two  sisters.  I  am  quite  sure  that 
no  check  was  ever  paid  where  it  will 
do  more  good.^ 

“They  were  most  thankful  and  near¬ 
ly  overcome  when  they  saw  the  check. 
This  one  policy  was  the  only  cent  of 
insurance  this  family  had.” 

— Statement  by  John  Pryor. 


Merrill  Salsbury,  R.  I.  Ellsworth,  Me -  40.00 

Auto  accident — contusions 

Mrs.  Lena  Cookson,  R.  I,  Burnham,  Me -  50.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  shoulder  &  arm 
Grace  L.  Osgood,  Prentiss,  Me _ *16.43 

Auto  accident — cut  head  &  legs 

Justin  P.  Tucker,  R.  I,  Warren,  Vt - 130.00 

Wagon  accident — frac.  left  leg 

Mrs.  Leon  M.  Haines,  Barre,  Vt -  42.86 

Auto  accident — multiple  bruises 
Mrs.  Jean  M.  Guillette,  R.  4,  Morrisville,  Vt.  10.00 
Auto  accident — bruised  lips 

Donald  Cota,  Warren,  Vt -  75.71 

Auto  accident — injuries 

Josephine  Albisetti,  Barre,  Vt _  17.14 

Auto  accident — inj.  head,  knee  &  shoulder 


Charles  L.  Briggs,  Canton,  Me... 

Struck  by  truck — bruises  &  cuts 


*15.00 


Poughkeepsie 


New  York 


OTHER  BENEFITS 
RECENTLY  PAID 

Frederick  Blum,  R.  2,  LaFayette,  N.  Y -  12.86 

Auto  accident— cut  index  finger 

Ford  Dart.  R.  2,  New  Berlin,  N.  Y -  62.86 

Wagon  accident — dislocated  ankle 

Daniel  C.  William,  Fly  Creek.  N.  Y. - *10.00 

Auto  accident — cut  nose  &  concussion 
Ruth  Richmond,  R.  I,  Whitesville,  N.  Y...  20.00 
Auto  accident — strained  back,  shock 

John  H.  Ray,  DeRuyter,  N.  Y._. - *22.86 

Auto  accident — cut  scalp,  bruised  chest 

Marvin  A.  Erickson,  Spencerport,  N.  Y -  24.28 

Auto  accident — sprained  right  wrist 

Benedict  W.  Scott,  Jr.,  Sidney,  N.  Y -  30.00 

Auto  accident — general  bruises 

Russell  H.  Smith,  Middletown,  N.  Y -  60.00 

Auto  accident — multiple  bruises 
Allen  C.  Hodge,  Bradley  St.,  Watertown, 

N.  y.  _  54.28 

Truck  accident — frac.  nose.  cone,  brain 

Charles  Hendrick.  R.  2,  Wolcott,  N.  Y - *15.00 

Auto  accident — inj.  chest  &  foot 

Grant  Carley,  Maine,  N.  Y - : - *65.00 

Wagon  accident — broken  heel  bone 
Mrs.  Hattie  Mackey,  R.  2,  Gasport,  N.  Y...  33.57 
Auto  accident — inj.  neck,  bruises 

Thelma  E.  Tripp,  Bergen,  N.  Y -  20.00 

Hit  by  car — bruised  elbow  &  ankle 

Virgil  T.  Vaughn,  Greenville,  N.  Y -  108.57 

Auto  accident — dislocated  shoulder 
Ella  M.  Thomas,  R.  I,  Port  Leyden,  N.  Y—  130.00 
Auto  accident — frac.  ribs  &  shoulder 

Geoffrey  Stoughton,  Canajoharie,  N.  Y -  31.43 

Auto  '  accident — injuries 

Mrs.  Lizzie  Harrington,  Flushing,  L.  I. -  77.14 

Auto  accident — displaced  vertebrae 
Rev.  Charles  T.  Kraehn,  Swormville,  N.  Y._.  60.00 

Auto  accident— bruised  chest  &  knee 
Hubert  L.  Shutt,  E.  Main.  Lima,  N.  Y...  20.00 
Auto  accident — bruised  back 

Joseph  Seelman,  Jr.,  Boonviile,  N.  Y -  130.00 

Truck  acoident — frac.  skull 

Louisa  R.  Fox,  Hollis.  N.  Y -  30.00 

Auto  accident — cut  lip  &  heel 

W.  Harry  Clark,  R.  2,  Stanley,  N.  Y -  42.86 

Truck  accident — dislocated  hip 
Mabel  R.  Keep,  Est.,  Waterford,  N.  Y - *5C0.00 

.n'T-noIr  omoVioH  r»Ar — rrmrtiiflrv 


Car  in  which  William  Fox,  Verona 

Station,  N.  Y.,  was  killed. 

Alice  Ryan,  Barre,  Vt -  11.43 

Auto  accident — inj.  arm‘&  thigh 
Fernand  Benjamin,  Alburg,  Vt -  85.71 

Auto  accident — concussion  brain 

Carl  Hanlon,  Chicopee,  Mass -  40.00 

Auto  accident — frac.  ribs,  cont.  chest 

John  Rohane,  Est.,  No.  Adams,  Mass - 1000.00 

Auto  struck  tree — mortuary 

Royal  W.  Potter,  Milan,  N.  H - *65.00 

Truck  accident — hemorrhage  stomach 

Harry  W.  Curtis,  Claremont,  N.  H -  45.71 

Wagon  accident — frac.  ribs 

Louis  G.  Spencer,  Dover,  _  N.  H -  130.00 

Auto  accident — injuries 

Josephine  LeMay,  R.  I,  Hillsboro,  N.  H - 130.00 

Auto  accident — bruises  &  concussion 

Charles  Ewofove,  R.  4,  Colchester,  Conn - *10.00 

Auto  accident — bruise^  arm 

Julia  Sadler  Drake,  Troy,  Pa -  65.71 

Auto  accident — frac.  ankle,  cont.  chest 

Robert  Simmons,  R.  I,  Westfield,  Pa -  60.30 

Auto  accident — broken  collar  bone 
Roy  D.  Seifert,  Middletown,  Pa -  31.43 

Auto  accident — cuts  on  face 

Harry  E.  Hastings,  R.  3,  Seaford,  Del - —  20.00 

Auto  accident — cut  nose.  frac.  ribs 


Pe*teu*  PnomfUly 

North  American  Accident 
Insurance  Company 

N.  A.  Associates  Dept. 


Hi 

is 


«S 

«■ 

:v»v 


P«  Soldier  p, 

P  0<t»ce  for  Unde  Sami 


It’s  a  Job  That  Only  Wholehearted 

Cooperative  Effort  Can  Finish! 


THERE’S  clearly  a  defense  job  for  the  American  dairyman  to  do — a  BIG  JOB  that  only  he 
can  do.  For  every  man  in  Uncle  Sam’s  fighting  forces  consumes  V/fa  pints  of  milk  per  day  — 
either  as  fluid  milk,  evaporated  milk,  dried  milk,  butter  or  cheese.  Other  milk  products  are 
being  shipped  regularly  to  the  civilians  and  fighting  forces  of  America’s  war  allies. 

Secretary  of  Agriculture  Wickard  says  it  will  require  a  25%  increase  in  normal  farm 
production  to  meet  this  war-time  demand.  He  adds  that  this  production  must  have  "PRICES 
COMPARABLE  TO  COSTS." 

Dairymen  will  agree  to  that.  And  every  dairy  farmer  will  say  "amen"  to  the  telegram 
which  directors  and  county  presidents  of  The  Dairymen’s  League  immediately  sent  to 
Secretary  Wickard.  It  said: 

"We  are  wholeheartedly  with  you  in  your  statement 
that,  'if  the  nation  expects  to  get  increased  production 
of  agricultural  commodities,  it  must  also  expect  to  pay 
prices  high  enough  to  cover  the  increased  cost/  ## 


But  there  is  something  more  required  than  just  agreement  .  .  .  something  more  than  fust 
willingness.  American  farmers  always  have  been  willing  to  do  their  share.  The  thing  that 
has  kept  them  from  accomplishing  what  they  were  willing  to  do  has  been  lack  of  proper 
organization  and  cooperation. 

The  plain  fact  is  that  American  dairymen  can  produce  the  food  they 
are  asked  to  produce  if  they  are  paid  prices  which  enable  them  to  do  so. 
But  the  equally  plain  fact  is  that — no  matter  what  the  Government  would 
like  to  do — farmers  never  will  be  paid  prices  high  enough  to  cover  the 
costs  except  through  their  own  cooperative  efforts. 

Now — as  always — dairy  farmers  should  realize  that  adequate  defense 
of  their  own  farms  and  livelihood  is  inseparably  bound  up  with  national 
defense.  And  no  matter  what  is  promised  them — or  how  sincere  the 
promises  of  government  may  be — their  greatest  strength  and  security 
lies  in  keeping  control  of  their  own  business  through  intelligent  cooper¬ 
ation  with  their  fellow  dairy  farmers. 


Published  by  THE  THOUSANDS  OF  FARMERS  WHO  OWN,  OPERATE  AND  CONTROL  THE  DAIRYMEN'S  LEAGUE 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 


THE  FARMER 


and  HIS  INCOME  TAX 


MANY  farmers  who  never  filled  out 
an  income  tax  return  before  must  do 
so  this  year.  Personal  exemptions 
have  been  lowered  and  other  changes  made 
which  will  bring  many  farmers  into  the  pic¬ 
ture  and  which,  it  is  expected,  will  increase 
the  number  of  income  tax  returns  from  about 
6,000,000  to  more  than  22,000,000. 

While  the  suggestions  on  this  page  are  not 
a  substitute  for  careful  reading  of  the  in¬ 
structions  on  the  income  tax  blanks,  they 
will  clear  up  some  of  the  questions  you  will 
have.  It  should  be  unnecessary  for  any  per¬ 
son  to  pay  good  hard  cash  for  help  in  filling 
out  his  return.  Read  this  page  and  save  it; 
read  the  instructions  on  the  blank;  and  if 
you  need  it,  get  information  from  the  near¬ 
est  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue.  In  many 
of  the  smaller  cities,  local  offices  are  main¬ 
tained,  often  at  the  Post  Office,  where  assist¬ 
ance  will  be  given.  The  editors  of  American 
Agriculturist  at  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  will  be  glad 
to  answer  your  questions. 

We  believe  that  if  the  general  rules  outlin¬ 
ed  in  this  discussion  are  followed,  in  connec¬ 
tion  with  careful  reading  of  the  instructions 
printed  on  the  income  tax  forms,  you  will  be 
able  to  make  a  satisfactory  income  tax  return. 
No  moral,  financial,  or  legal  responsibility, 
however,  is  assumed  by  the  authors  or  this 
publication  for  actions  based  on  their  inter¬ 
pretations  or  suggestions.  Such  responsibility 
must  rest  with  the  individual  concerned. 

We  take  this  opportunity  to  express  our  ap¬ 
preciation,  and  that  of  our  readers,  to  J.  N. 
Efferson  for  his  invaluable  help  in  writing 
these  suggestions.  Mr.  Efferson  is  a  member 
of  the  staff  of  the  Department  of  Agricultur¬ 
al  Economics  and  Farm  Management  at  the 
N.  Y.  State  College  of  Agriculture. 

Who  Must  File  a  Return? 

Farmers  who  are  married  and  who  took  in 
$1500  or  more  and  farmers  who  are  single 
and  took  in  $750  or  more  must  file  returns. 
These  gross  income  figures  include  miscel¬ 
laneous  income  from  other  sources  as  well  as 
returns  from  the  farm  business. 

This  does  not  mean  that  all  who  took  in 
those  amounts  during  the  year  must  pay  a 
tax,  but  you  must  file  a  report.  The  tax  is 

figured  on  net  income,  not  gross  income.  You, 

as  a  farmer,  are  permitted  to  make  deductions 
from  your  gross  income  for  all  necessary 


If  you  are  married  and  have  a 
gross  income  of  $1500  or  more, 
or  single  and  have  a  gross  in¬ 
come  of  $750  or  more,  you  must 
file  an  income  tax  return  with 
the  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue 
nearest  you  before  March  15. 
Read  the  article  on  this  page 
carefully,  and  save  it  for  future 
reference. 


farm  expenses.  In  addition,  there  is  a  personal 
exemption  of  $750  for  single  persons,  $1500 
exemption  for  married  couples,  and  a  deduc¬ 
tion  of  $400  for  each  child  under  eighteen 
years  of  age. 

It  is  your  responsibility  to  secure  a  blank 
and  make  a  return.  Remember  this — the  fact 
that  you  may  have  no  tax  to  pay  does  not 
excuse  you  from  making  a  return  if  you  took 
in  over  $15Q0,  if  married,  or  $750,  if  single. 
Failure  to  make  a  return  may  result  in  ser¬ 
ious  penalties.  Therefore,  fill  out  the  forms 
to  the  best  of  your  ability.  If  you  make  mis¬ 
takes  and  pay  a  smaller  tax  than  you  should, 
the  Bureau  of  Internal  Revenue  will  call  this 
to  your  attention  and  you  will  be  required 
to  pay  an  additional  tax.  The  Bureau  is  len¬ 
ient  with  those  who  make  honest  errors,  but 
tough  on  those  who  deliberately  attempt  to 
avoid  tax  payments. 

In  the  Northeast,  the  Bureau  of  Internal 
Revenue  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  maintains 
offices  at:  Albany,  N.  Y.;  Binghamton,  N.  Y.; 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  Elmira,  N.  Y.;  Jamestown, 
N.  Y. ;  New  York  City;  Rochester,  N.  Y.; 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.;  Utica,  N.  Y.;  Watertown, 
N.  Y.;  Camden,  N.  J.;  Newark,  N.  J.;  Augus¬ 
ta,  Maine;  Portsmouth,  N.  H.;  Burlington, 
Vt.;  Providence,  R.  I.;  Boston,  Mass.;  Hart¬ 


ford,  Conn.  If  you  do  not  receive  blanks  on 

which  to  make  a  return  through  the  mail, 

it  is  your  duty  to  write  and  get  them.  Just 

address  a  letter  to  the  Collector  of  Internal 
Revenue  in  the  city  nearest  you.  Do  it  today! 

When  Reports  Are  Due 

If  you  figure  your  income  from  Jan.  1  to 
Jan.  1,  as  most  of  you  will,  your  return  must 
reach  your  nearest  Collector  of  Internal  Rev¬ 
enue  not  later  than  March  15.  If  you  have  a 
tax  to  pay,  you  can  pay  all  of  it  at  the  time 
you  make  the  return,  or  provision  is  made 
whereby  it  can  be  paid  in  installments.  Full 
payment  must  be  made  before  March  15  if 
your  tax  is  $25  or  less. 

Forms  lor  Returns 

Farmers  will  fill  out  two  forms — No.  1040 
and  No.  1040-F.  Form  No.  1040-F  is  used  for 
reporting  farm  income  and  expenses  and  to 
determine  the  amount  of  your  income  after 
your  expenses  have  been  ( Turn  to  Page  16) 


U.  — 
ColsMAH 


IN  TMK  ICCIIC  YOU,  YOUR  FARM,  AND  THE  WAR,  Page  3;  WAR-TIME  VEGETABLE  GARDENS,  Page  6;  DOWN 
m  imp  IOOUE  THE  ALLEY,  by  “Doc”  Roberts,  Page  11;  FRUIT  GROWERS  MEET,  Page  12;  HEARD  AT  THE  MILK 

HEARINGS,  Page  17;  REMODEL  YOUR  OLD  CLOTHES,  Page  20;  FRESH  MEAT  ON  THE  FARM,  Page  22.  y" 


JANUARY  31,1942 


The  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative 
is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


YOUR  FEED  SUPPLY 


Most  farmers  are  feeding  more  heavily  this  winter.  There  is 
plenty  of  feed  in  the  country  to  take  care  of  this  heavy  feed¬ 
ing.  Large  supplies  of  most  of  the  important  feedstuffs  are 
available.  A  few  are  scarce.  .  .  . 


Molasses  is  under  government  re¬ 
striction.  Feed  mixers  will  be  ra¬ 
tioned  half  of  last  year’s  consump¬ 
tion.  Molasses  in  most  of  the  G.L.F. 
dairy  feeds  has  been  reduced  from 
6%  to  4%  in  the  formulas  effective 
January  26,  the  difference  being 
made  up  principally  by  hominy 
feed  &  corn  meal.  The  Super  Feeds 
and  Dry  &  Freshening  Ration  are 
not  affected  as  yet. 

Cocoanut  oil  meal  is  not  coming 
in.  When  present  supplies  are  gone, 
no  more  will  be  available. 

Cod  liver  oil  and  dried  skimmed 
milk  have  been  slowly  disappearing 
from  the  list  of  available  ingredients 
ever  since  1939.  Fortunately,  with 
such  tested  ingredients  as  D-acti- 
vated  animal  sterol  to  supply  Vita¬ 
min  D,  and  dried  brewers’  yeast 
and  other  concentrates  to  furnish 
riboflavin,  poultrymen  will  have 
enough  of  the  vitamins  formerly 
furnished  by  fish  oils  and  milk. 

TRANSPORTATION 

When  a  January  blizzard  tied  up 
freight  shipments  out  of  Buffalo 
for  two  days,  many  communities 
were  perilously  close  to  being  out 
of  feed.  This-  points  to  the  impor¬ 
tance  of  keeping  longer  inventories 
of  feed  on  hand.  Railroads  expect 
the  greatest  freight  movement  in 
history  this  spring.  With  many 
trucks  tied  up  by  tire  restrictions, 
a  transportation  shortage  is  more 
than  likely — and  that  means  de¬ 
layed  shipments. 

★  ★  ★ 

Feed  Bags 

The  burlap  bag  continues  to  be 
the  scarcest  of  all  farm  supplies. 
With  two-thirds  of  the  country’s 


burlap  going  into  a  military  stock¬ 
pile,  and  practically  no  burlap  com¬ 
ing  in,  farmers  will  be  on  short  ra¬ 
tions.  Paper  is  almost  as  scarce  as 
burlap.  Cotton  is  expensive,  and 
there  is  not  enough  mill  capacity  to 
make  cotton  bags  in  the  quantities 
needed. 

A  government  ceiling  prevents 
bag  prices  from  going  higher,  but 
they  are  high  enough  right  now  to 
make  it  very  worthwhile  to  take 
care  of  them. 

G.L.F.  10-ounce  burlap  bags  in 
A-l  condition  will  bring  16  cents  at 
Buffalo — a  little  less  at  your  local 
Service  Agency.  All  bags — even 
poor  ones — will  bring  a  good  price. 

A  few  odd-size  or  off-grade  bags — 
kept  where  rats  and  mice  can’t 
reach  them — make  a  good  backlog 
for  every  farm.  All  other  bags  should 
be  returned  promptly  and  kept  in 
circulation.  Every  burlap  bag  should 
make  at  least  five  trips  between  the 
feed  mills  and  your  farm.  Only  in 
this  way  can  G.L.F.  patrons  protect 
the  supply  of  bags  they  need. 

★  ★  ★ 

V  ictory 

Fertilizers 

Nitrogen  is  needed  for  munitions. 
Bags  are  scarce.  Transportation  will 
be  at  a  premium.  Farmers  can  con¬ 
serve  for  war  and  make  savings  in 
money  through  the  use  of  G.L.F. 
5-10-10  and  G.L.F.  3-12-6. 

The  use  of  5-10-10  in  place  of 

4- 8-8  does  these  things. 

1.  Provides  the  same  plant  food 
ratio. 

2.  Sixteen  hundred  pounds  of 

5- 10-10  does  the  work  of  two  thou¬ 
sand  pounds  4-8-8. 

3.  Based  on  last  year’s  use  of 
4-8-8,  substitution  of  5-10-10  will 
save  $51,739  in  freight,  $86,164  in 
cost  of  plant  food,  thousands  of 
paper  or  burlap  bags  as  well  as  fac¬ 
tory  labor,  power  and  delivery  costs. 

The  use  of  3-12-6  in  place  of 
4-12-4  at  the  same  rate  of  applica¬ 
tion  will  save  25%  in  nitrogen  with¬ 
out  jeopardizing  yields.  A  saving  of 
over  $30,000  is  incidental  to  the 
saving  *)f  nitrogen  needed  for  the 
manufacture  of  munitions. 


One  of  the  best  ways  to  keep  a  good  supply  of  feed  on  hand  is  to  hang 
onto  the  oats  or  other  grain  you  have  in  the  bin.  That  kind  of  feed  supply 
doesn’t  tie  up  needed  bags.  Oats  are  high  in  price  in  relation  to  other 
feeds.  This  looks  like  a  good  time  to  hold  the  oats  and  buy  mixed  feed. 


Co-op  Honey  Now  Available 


A  new  product  is  appearing  on  the 
shelves  of  G.L.F.  Service  Agencies — 
•honey,  processed  by  the  Finger 
Lakes  Honey  Producers  Coopera¬ 
tive,  Inc.  Thus  the  honey  producers 
of  the  Finger  Lakes  region  will  get 
their  honey  to  market  through  a 
farmer-owned  distribution  system. 
And  G.L.F.  patrons  will  get  some 
mighty  good  honey. 


Three  types  of  honey  are  available: 

1.  Clover  Honi-Spred,  a  new  type 
of  creamed  honey  that  spreads  like 
butter. 

2.  Buckwheat  Honi-Spred. 

3.  Blossomsweet  Liquid  Clover,  a 

very  fine  grade  of  white  liquid 
honey. 


Cooperative  G.L.F,  Exchange,  Inc.,  Ithaca,  N.Y. 


American  Agriculturist,  January  31,  1942 


3  (83) 


tlfouflfOMSl  fya?lAnrCLnd  the  Wok 


THIS  COUNTRY  is  in  a  war,  and 
the  primary  desire  of  every  true 
citizen  is  to  see  it  fought  to  a  suc¬ 
cessful  conclusion  at  the  earliest  pos¬ 
sible  moment.  You  farmers  have  a 
most  important  place  in  this  great 
struggle.  Therefore,  in  each  issue  we 
plan  to  give  you  the  latest  information 
about  war  efforts  as  they  affect  farm¬ 
ers,  and  which  will  be  of  vital  assist¬ 
ance  to  you  in  the  weeks  and  months 
to  come. 

If  you  do  not  find  all  the  information 
you  want  on  this  page,  write  and  tell 
us  your  problem.  If  the  information 
is  available,  we  will  write  you  a  per¬ 
sonal  letter.  If  the  information  is  of 
general  interest,  we  will  use  it  in  com¬ 
ing  issues  on  this  page.  We  will  be 
glad,  also,  to  have  you  tell  us  of  any 
unusually  effective  defense  efforts  in 
your  neighborhood. 

— a.  a. — 

Make  Tires  Last 

CARE  of  tires  will  pay  big  dividends 
in  coming  months.  No  one  knows 
with  certainty  that  he  can  get  new 
ones  when  the  old  ones  give  out.  Here 
are  a  few  suggestions  for  you  to  keep 
in  mind: 

1.  Keep  tires  inflated.  Drive  up  to 
the  air  hose  at  least  once  a  week,  and 
twice  a  week  won’t  do  a  bit  of  harm. 

2.  Avoid  excessive  speed  in  driving, 
as  well  as  quick  starts  and  stops. 

3.  Study  your  situation  to  see  if  you 
can’t  accomplish  just  as  much  work  on 
less  driving  mileage  per  week. 

4.  The  best  possibility  at  present 
when  tires  give  out  is  to  get  them  re¬ 
treaded.  Manufacturers  state  that  if 
the  fabric  is  in  good  condition,  retread¬ 
ing  will  put  a  tire  in  shape  to  give 
80%  of  its  original  mileage. 

5.  Have  your  garage  man  test  your 
wheels  for  alignment.  If  alignment  is 
off  even  a  little,  it  will  result  in  ex¬ 
cessive  wear  on  your  tires. 

6.  Rotate  the  tires  on  your  car,  in¬ 
cluding  the  spare  tire,  so  that  all  get 
approximately  the  same  amount  of 
wear.  If  you  have  one  relatively  new 
tire,  leave  that  on  while  the  other  four 
are  rotated  on  the  three  other  wheels. 

— a.  a. — 

Buy  and  Store  Fertilizer 

’ll  7" HAT  is  the  fertilizer  situation  this 
yy  spring?  All  of  the  information 
we  can  get  would  indicate  that  you 
will  be  able  to  buy  what  fertilizer  you 
need.  The  best  advice  we  can  give, 
though,  is  to  order  it  now  and  haul  it 
right  to  your  own  farm.  A  possible 
transportation  tie-up  is  one  factor  in 
this  advice. 

In  most  cases,  you  need  not  worry 
about  its  drilling  quality.  You  should, 
of  course,  keep  it  dry  and  store  it  in 
a  dry  place.  There  is  just  one  caution. 
Good  fertilizer  manufacturers  cure  fer¬ 
tilizer  before  it  is  bagged  and  sold. 
There  is  a  possibility  that  you  might 
buy  fertilizer  containing  sulphate  of 
ammonia  and  superphosphate  which 
was  mixed  before  curing  and  might, 
therefore,  become  lumpy  before  you 
are  ready  to  drill  it.  If  you  are  care¬ 
ful  where  you  buy,  you  should  have  no 
trouble. 

Briefly,  here  is  the  situation  relative 
to  fertilizer  ingredients: 

There  will  be  little  or  no  Chilean 
nitrate  for  sale  this  spring. 

Since  the  last  World  War,  we,  in 
this  country,  have  perfected  methods 
of  fixing  nitrogen  from  the  air,  and 
we  have  the  plant  capacity  to  make  a 
lot  of  it.  You  know,  however,  that 
nitrogen  is  used  in  explosives;  and  no 


one  can  be  sure  how  much  of  the  nitro¬ 
gen  supply  is  going  into  munitions. 

This  country  has  a  good  share  of 
the  deposits  of  phosphate  rock.  Sul¬ 
phuric  acid,  which  is  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  superphosphate,  is  al¬ 
so  used  in  the  manufacture  of  muni¬ 
tions.  We  are  likely  to  find  less 
double-  and  triple-strength  superphos¬ 
phates  on  the  market  and  may  see  a 
considerable  increase  in  the  use  of  raw 
rock  sulphate. 

Also,  since  the  last  World  War  we 
have  found  low-grade  potash  deposits 
in  this  country,  and  methods  have  been 
worked  out  to  get  the  potash  out  at  a 
reasonable  cost.  The  supply  should  be 
adequate. 

So  far  as  prices  are  concerned,  it  is 
believed  that,  while  fertilizer  may  cost 
a  bit  more,  it  will  continue  to  be  a 
good  buy  when  compared  to  prices 
that  will  be  received  for  crops. 

These  suggestions  will  save  you 
money: 

1.  Buy  early  and  store, on  the  farm. 

2.  Conserve  farm  manure  by  draw¬ 
ing  it  to  the  fields  every  day. 

3.  Increase  the  amount  of  legumes 
you  grow. 

4.  Use  all  available  knowledge  to  fit 
the  fertilizer  to  your  soil  and  crops. 

5.  Study  methods  of  applying  fer¬ 
tilizer.  For  example,  experiments 
show  that  for  most  crops  you  get  the 
most  for  your  money  by  applying  fer¬ 
tilizer  in  bands  along  each  side  of  the 
row. 

— a.  a. — 

Harness  Tips 

A  HARNESS  used  by  a  farmer  who 
takes  care  of  it  will  last  just  twice 
as  long  as  an  equally  good  harness 
which  is  badly  neglected.  Leather  is 
scarce  and  every  strap  should  be  safe¬ 
guarded.  Here,  briefly,  are  recommen¬ 
dations  of  Mr.  W.  V.  Gleckner,  har¬ 
ness  manufacturer,  for  cleaning  and 
oiling  harnesses: 

Unbuckle  and  take  apart;  place 
harness  in  a  tub  of  warm  water;  wash 
with  laundry  soap;  and  hang  up  to 
dry.  Make  any  needed  repairs  at  this 
time,  before  oiling. 

An  easy  way  to  oil  is  to  draw  the 
straps  through  a  sponge  dipped  in 
warm  Neatsfoot.  The  heavier  parts, 
such  as  traces,  will  need  several  coats. 


Allow  the  oil  to  dry  about  24  hours. 
Care  should  be  taken  not  to  hang  near 
heat,  as  leather  bums  easily  when 
damp.  Then  remove  excess  oil  with  a 
lather  of  black  harness  soap  on  a 
sponge. 

Proper  care  of  your  harness  will  in¬ 
crease  its  useful  life  and  your  profit. 

If  you  are  lucky  enough  to  have  a 
boy  in  the  local  High  School  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture,  he  will  do  the  job 
for  you,  plus  the  necessary  repairs. 
If  not,  you  may  find  that  the  Depart¬ 
ment  will  be  glad  to  do  the  work  for 
the  practical  experience  that  the  boys 
will  get  from  it. 

—  A.  A. — 

Lime  for  Egg  Shells 

POULTRYMEN  who  drive  up  to  a 
farm  supply  store  and  say,  “Give 
me  a  bag  of  oyster  shells,”  may  be 
told,  “Sorry,  we  haven’t  any.”  For¬ 
tunately  several  companies  are  manu¬ 
facturing  from  limestone,  a  product 
which  is  equally  good  for  furnishing 
the  lime  for  egg  shells.  Unlike  most 
substitutes,  it  is  not  costly.  In  fact, 
from  what  we  hear,  this  lime  for  egg 
shells  is  likely  to  be  easier  on  the 


pocketbook  than  oyster  shells.  The 
hens  will  do  their  part  in  winning  the 
war  if  we  give  them  the  raw  material! 

It  is  a  funny  thing,  but  the  use  of 
oyster  shells  for  hens  is  a  habit  that 
poultrymen  have  acquired.  It  has  been 
handed  down  from  generation  to  gen¬ 
eration,  but  there  is  no  evidence  that 
oyster  shells  are  any  better  than  the 
proper  grade  of  limestone. 

—a.  a. — 

Chick  Sexers  Scarce 

THE  BABY  CHICK  industry  has  a 
problem  in  the  matter  of  sexing 
baby  chicks  this  spring.  A  good  per¬ 
centage  of  the  men  who  do  sexing 
have  been  Japanese.  When  war  was 
declared,  many  were  questioned  by  the 
F.B.I.  and  local  authorities.  Some  were 
released  after  they  gave  proof  of 
citizenship. 

Plans  are  being  made  for  schools  to 
train  additional  men  to  sex  chicks.  To 
be  certified  by  the  International  Baby 
Chick  Association,  chick  sexers  must 
be  American  citizens;  and  we  suggest 
that  hatcherymen  or  poultrymen  who 
hire  sexing  work  done  ask  the  chick 
sexers  for  proof  of  citizenship. 


Women’s  Part  In  Rural  Defense 

[&tf,  Mattel  Q.  tyeint 


WITH  our  city  sisters  rapidly  and 
efficiently  organizing  their  forces 
for  emergencies,  we  women  of  the 
farms  are  wondering  what  we  can 
offer  —  what  we  can  do  to  help  our 
communities  and  our  country  win  this 
war. 

We  who  live  on  inland  farms  may 
feel  secure  from  air-raids  and  bombs, 
but  if  this  World  War  II  has  taught 
us  anything,  it  is  that  no  one  is  secure 
— particularly  those  who  are  unprepar¬ 
ed.  So  let’s  consider  how  we  can  best 

% 

prepare  ourselves: 

AIR-RAIDS:  Learn  what  constitutes 
an  air  alarm  signal  and  an  “all  clear” 
signal.  When  an  alarm  sounds,  keep 
cool.  Stay  at  home;  it’s  the  safest 
place.  Keep  off  the  road.  If  caught 
on  the  road,  park  your  car  at  once, 
completely  off  the  road  with  the  lights 


YOUTH  AYR  DEFENSE 

The  younger  generation  has  its  part  in  defense.  For  example,  these  boys,  students 
of  Vocational  Agriculture  in  the  Bainbridge  Central  School  in  New  York  State,  built 
this  wagon  box  as  a  group  project. 

Materials  for  this  box,  which  is  14  ft.  long,  38  in.  wide,  with  14  in.  sideboards, 
cost  $9.75.  The  bottom  is  of  matched  fir  flooring  fastened  with  soft  iron  rivets,  and 
some  of  the  brace  irons  were  made  in  the  shop.  The  plans  for  the  wagon  box  were 
found  in  a  farm  shop  book  written  by  Professor  L,.  M.  Roehl  of  the  New  York  State 
College  of  Agriculture. 

After  the  box  was  finished,  it  was  sold  to  a  nearby  farmer  for  the  cost  of  ma¬ 
terials.  The  farmer  made  a  good  buy,  and  th§  boys  gained  valuable  experience. 


off,  and  seek  shelter.  Never  park 
double  or  block  the  road. 

Don’t  use  the  telephone.  Leave  it 
free  for  defense  uses. 

Keep  your  radio  tuned  in. 

If  an  air  warden  gives  you  an  order, 
obey  at  once. 

Know  where  your  children  are  at  all 
times,  so  they  cannot  be  taken  by  sur¬ 
prise. 

Have  one  room  in  your  house  where 
the  lights  may  be  on  without  shining 
out.  This  means  providing  effective 
covering  for  the  windows  in  that  room. 

If  there  is  an  attack,  stay  away  from 
windows  to  avoid  being  hit  by  flying 
glass  and  debris.  Decide  on  a  hiding 
place  before  hand,  usually  the  room 
with  the  fewest  windows  ard  the  one 
you  have  blacked  out.  A  strong  table 
is  recommended  as  one  of  the  best 
coverings  to  shield  you  from  falling 
debris.  Do  not  go  into  your  cellar. 

FIRE  BOMBS:  In  the  country,  we 
have  no  fire  department  to  help  us  in 
emergencies,  so  we  need  to  know  what 
to  do  in  case  incendiary  bombs  fall 
in  our  vicinity.  Farms  located  near 
electric  transforming  stations,  oil  or 
gas  pipe  lines,  airplane  fields,  muni¬ 
tions  storage  plants,  or  similar  war 
targets,  especially  need  to  make  prep¬ 
arations. 

Clear  attics  and  upper  stories,  say 
the  experts  who  get  their  instructions 
from  Britishers’  experience  in  defense 
activities.  Keep  a  bucket  of  sand  in 
the  attic  with  a  shovel,  and  several 
buckets  of  water.  Place  ladders  so 
that  all  roofs  may  be  reached.  Have 
a  bucket  of  sand  on  each  roof,  cover¬ 
ed,  and  with  a  shovel.  Never  throw 
a  bucket  of  water,  or  turn  a  hose  on 
an  incendiary  bomb.  It  will  cause  it 
to  explode.  With  its  4,500  degrees  of 
temperature,  this  would  mean  destruc¬ 
tion.  Instead,  if  possible,  throw  a  fine 
spray  of  water,  or  throw  sand  on  the 
bomb.  It  will  then  fizzle  out  harm¬ 
lessly. 

t 

FIRST  AID:  Every  family,  we  are  ad¬ 
vised,  should  have  some  member  take 
training  in  first  aid  at  once.  First  Aid 
( Continued  on  Page  21) 


(84)  4 


American  Agriculturist,  January  31,  1942 


PAGE 


BY  E .  R.  E  A  S  T/AA  N 


Address  all  mail  for  Editorial  or  Advertis¬ 
ing  departments  to  American  Agriculturist, 
Savings  Bank  Building.  Ithaca.  New  York 


See.  Wickard  Asks  Square  Deal 
for  Farmers 

NITED  STATES  Secretary  of  Agriculture, 
Claude  R.  Wickard,  is  to  be  highly  com¬ 
mended  for  his  courageous  stand  in  insisting 
that  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  and  not  the 
Price  Administrator,  must  have  the  power  to 
fix  prices  on  farm  products.  Secretary  Wickard 
is  very  sure  that  control  of  farm  prices  by  an 
administrator  who  does  not  understand  the 
farm  situation  will  make  it  impossible  for  farm¬ 
ers  to  raise  enough  food. 

“Today,”  said  the  Secretary,  “no  one  can  tell 
what  will  happen.  We  may  be  called  upon  to 
furnish  vast  supplies  to  allied  fighting  forces 
and  peoples  all  over  the  world.  We  may  want 
to  send  huge  quantities  of  food  as  well  as  muni¬ 
tions  to  the  conquered  peoples  at  the  proper 
time  so  that  they  may  help  defeat  the  dictators. 

“In  view  of  this  prospect,”  Wickard  said, 
“the  American  people  should  be  more  worried 

about  plentiful  supplies  of  food  than  they  are 

about  prices.  Agriculture  faces  a  production  job 

comparable  in  size  to  that  of  the  munition  mak¬ 
ers.  New  food  production  goals  to  be  announc¬ 
ed  soon  will  surpass  anything  ever  attempted  in 
this  country.” 

How  right  the  Secretary  is.  How  wrong  the 
Administration  is  when  it  insists  on  putting 
price  limits  on  farm  and  other  commodities  and 
refuses  to  control  wages.  Wages  are,  of  course, 
the  largest  factor  in  the  production  of  food  or 
of  any  manufactured  article. 

To  meet  the  great  food  emergency,  the  Ameri¬ 
can  farmer  is  tremendously  handicapped.  His 
boys  and  his  hired  help  have  gone  or  are  going 
to  war  or  into  defense  industries.  On  top  of  this, 
the  farmer  will  be  handicapped  in  getting 
enough  equipment  and  farm  supplies.  Yet  he 
will  and  must,  as  the  farmer  always  has  in  the 
past,  meet  his  country’s  call.  In  this  emergency 
the  farmer  has  a  right  to  ask  for  fair  and  under¬ 
standing  consideration  by  his  country’s  leaders. 
Secretary  Wickard  is  trying  to  give  the  farmer 
a  square  deal,  but  to  do  this  he  needs  the  back¬ 
ing  of  .congressional  representatives  from  rural 
states  and  districts,  and  of  every  farm  organi¬ 
zation  and  leader. 

Retail  Food  Prices  Up  25% 

FEW  days  ago  my  eldest  son,  who  with  his 
family  lives  near  us,  purchased  with  me  a 
quarter  of  beef  from  a  nearby  farmer.  We  paid 
15  cents  a  pound  for  it,  and  we  have  had  a  lot 
of  fun  carving  and  sawing  it  up.  I  figure  that 
the  purchase  of  this  beef  will  save  us  at  least 
half  of  what  we  would  have  had  to  pay  for  it 
at  retail  prices  at  the  market. 

On  my  desk  as  I  write  is  a  table  showing  how 
the  principal  foods  used  in  one  large  cafeteria 
have  advanced  in  price  since  November,  1940, 
a  little  over  a  year  ago.  The  average  increase 
on  all  canned  goods  in  the  year  from  November 
1940  to  November  1941  was  29%.  The  average 
increase  on  all  dairy  products  including  cheese 
and  eggs  is  26%,  and  on  all  fresh  meats  22%, 
and  there  have  been  material  advances  since 
November. 

Those  figures  mean  that  everything  in  the  way 
of  food  that  the  farmer,  or  any  other  consumer, 
buys  from  the  store  has  advanced  on  the  aver¬ 
age  over  25%  in  a  year. 

Now,  farmers  more  than  anyone  else  have  an 
answer  to  this  problem  of  advancing  food  costs. 
That  answer  is  to  grow  the  stuff  yourselves.  Not 

only  will  making  your  own  farm  furnish  more 


of  your  food  help  you,  but  it  will  help  your 
country,  because  every  pound  of  food  that  you 
don’t  have  to  buy  will  go  to  help  win  the  war. 

Ed  Babcock  Elected  President  of  the 
National  Cooperative  Council 

IN  AMERICA  there  are  five  farm  organiza¬ 
tions  which  are  far-flung  enough  to  be  called 
national  in  scope.  They  are:  the  National 
Grange,  the  American  Farm  Bureau  Federation, 
the  Farmers’  Union  (organized  mostly  in  the 
South  and  West),  the  National  Council  of 
Farmer  Cooperatives,  and  the  National  Milk 
Producers’  Federation. 

Although  younger  than  the  others,  the  Na¬ 
tional  Council  of  Farmer  Cooperatives,  compos¬ 
ed  of  representatives  of  many  cooperative  or¬ 
ganizations,  is  a  giant  in  strength,  an  active  and 
efficient  fighter  in  the  interests  of  the  American 
farmer.  The  new  President  of  the  National  Co¬ 
operative  Council,  just  elected  at  its  annual 
meeting  in  Georgia,  is  H.  E.  Babcock,  author 
of  “Kernels,  Screenings  &  Chaff”  in  American 
Agriculturist,  farmer,  and  lifetime  worker  and 
leader  in  the  cooperative  movement.  He  suc¬ 
ceeds  the  veteran  pioneer  leader  in  cooperation, 
John  D.  Miller,  vice-president  of  the  Dairymen’s 
League  Cooperative  Association. 

Congratulations,  Ed,  for  recognition  of  your 
leadership!  Congratulations,  you  cooperative 
leaders,  for  putting  another  great  farm  leader 
at  the  helm! 

The  Woman’s  Part 

IT  HAS  always  seemed  to  me  that  the  women 
have  to  carry  much  of  the  burden  of  war.  To 
be  sure,  the  men  in  uniform  have  it  hard,  but 
they  are  helped  some  by  excitement  and  adven¬ 
ture.  But  the  women,  the  mothers  and  the  wives, 
take  the  brunt  of  the  worry  and  the  waiting. 
Theirs  are  the  sacrifice  and  the  tears. 

Women  now  across  this  land,  like  the  men,  are 
asking  themselves,  “What  Can  I  Do  to  Help?” 


Seed  Catalogs  Boat  Gadgets 


Dear  Mr.  Eastman: 

ONGRATULATIONS  on  your  Centennial 
Number  of  American  Agriculturist.  I  am 
sure  all  of  our  great  family  of  readers  must 
have  enjoyed  it  just  as  I  did.  One  sentence 
on  the  editorial  page,  to  me,  stood  out  above 
all  others,  “The  human  soul  needs  something 
besides  gadgets.”  It  certainly  does.  Too  many 
“gadgets”  and  we  cease  to  value  really  worth 
while  things. 

One  reason  I  like  Romeyn  Berry’s^  articles 
is  because  he  builds  them  on  such  solid  foun¬ 
dations,  good  old  American  customs  that  too 
many  people  have  brushed  aside  for  modem 
“gadgets.”  Yes,  Romeyn  Berry  and  I  have  a 
lot  in  common.  I,  too,  get  a  real  thrill  out  of 
the  spring  seed  catalogs.  My  garden  means 
everything  to  me.  I  love  to  dig  in  the  dirt,  to 
smell  the  good  earth.  Some  one  has  very  aptly 
said,  “You  are  nearer  to  God  in  a  garden  than 
anywhere  else  on  earth.”  I  truly  believe  that 
if  I  can  beautify  one  small  comer  of  God’s 
green  earth,  then  I  shall  not  have  lived  in 
vain.  So  I  look  forward  to  the  seed  catalogs, 
and  can  lose  myself  completely  within  their 
covers. 

Yes,  I  do  think  that  we  who  haven’t  so 
many  so-called  “gadgets”  get  a  lot  more  en¬ 
joyment  out  of  the  simple  things  of  life,  and 
those  who  have  everything  are  missing  some¬ 
thing  good  out  of  life,  something  for  which 
they  are  always  searching  and  never  seem 
to  find.— Mrs.  B.  J„  N.  Y. 


Army  Volunteer 

By  Robert  Eastman 

From  far  across  the  gray-white  waste, 

The  seaman  steers  his  steady  way; 

Light  and  compass  set  sure  a  course 
That  guides  him  to  a  homeward  bay. 

In  troubled  times  I  set  a  course  j 

By  beacons  safe,  I  know,  and  true; 

My  compass  is  my  country’s  need; 

My  homing  harbor  light  is  you.  a 

There  will  be  ways  in  which  many  women  can 
do  things  outside  of  the  home,  but  I  want  to 
emphasize  the  great  contribution  you  women 
make  by  keeping  the  home  itself  intact.  That 

is  the  greatest  of  all  jobs.  Countries  may  go 

down  in  this  struggle;  it  is  possible  that  the  de¬ 
struction  of  many  of  the  things  we  have  known 
and  loved  is  ahead.  But  no  matter  what  hap¬ 
pens,  if  you  women  keep  intact  the  home,  that 
fundamental  unit  upon  which  all  society  is  built, 
then  out  of  the  dead  ashes  of  chaos  we  can  build 
a  new  and  better  civilization. 

Dollars  lor  Your  Reading  Time 

HERE  is  hardly  a  farmer  in  the  Northeast 
who  can  not  save  the  price  of  this  paper 
for  the  whole  year  by  following  the  suggestions 
on  Page  3  of  this  issue,  to  say  nothing  of  all  the 
other  helpful  things  in  the  rest  of  the  issue. 
Many  farmers  will  have  to  make  an  income  tax 
report  this  year.  It’s  a  hard  job  to  do  so.  See 
Page  1. 

Some  of  you  are  already  telling  us  what  we 
can  do  that  will  help  you  most.  All  of  you  have 
that  privilege.  Feel  free  to  write  at  any  time 
The  paper  is  yours.  Here  are  just  a  few  of  the 
things  that  we  are  working  on  for  your  benefit 
both  in  and  out  of  the  paper : 

1.  To  have  farm  boys  released  from  military 
duty  when  they  are  really  needed  for  farm  work 

2.  To  make  those  in  charge  of  priorities  rea¬ 
lize  that  farm  machinery  and  other  equipment 
manufacturers  should  be  allowed  ample  steel 
for  new  labor  saving  devices  and  for  repair 
parts.  On  this  point,  the  work  that  American 
Agriculturist,  farm  organizations  and  others 
have  done  already  has  had  some  results. 

3.  To  continue  the  fight  for  still  better  prices 
for  farm  products.  Farm  costs  are  advancing 
steadily. 

4.  To  get  cooperatives  to  cooperate  with  other 
cooperatives. 

5.  To  keep  you  informed  on  sources  of  feed, 
fertilizer,  and  seeds,  and  on  the  newer  farm  prac-  * 
tices  all  the  way  along  the  line. 

Last  issue  I  promised  that  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  would  work  shoulder  to  shoulder  with 
you  in  your  great  war  job  of  raising  food.  I 
promised  an  all-out  effort  on  the  part  of  our  en¬ 
tire  staff  to  make  American  Agriculturist  com¬ 
pletely  indispensable  to  you,  on  the  one  condi¬ 
tion  that  no  matter  how  busy  you  are,  you  read 
every  issue. 

Eastman’s  Chestnut 

JOE:  “I  want  to  change  my  name,  your 
Honor.” 

Judge:  “What  is  your  name?” 

Joe:  “Joe  Stinx.” 

Judge:  “I  don’t  blame  you.  What  do  you  want 
it  changed  to?” 

Joe:  “Charlie.” 


AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  Constructive  and  Progressive  Since  1842.  Volume  139.  No.  3.  Published  every  other  Saturday  at  10  North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. — Editorial  Sffiti 
Advertising  offices  at  Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Advertising  Representatives,  The  Katz  Agency Entered  as  Second  Class  Matter,  December  3,  1927,  at  the  Post  Office  at  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  under  aff. 

rf  March  6.  1879  —  Prank  E.  Gannett,  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors;  E.  R.  Eastman,  president  and  editor:  Hugh  L.  Cosline,  associate  editor;  Fred  W.  Ohm,  production  manager;  Mrs.  Grace  Watkins  Huckett,  household 

editor;  A1  Coleman,  art  editor;  Contributing  editors:  L.  B.  Skeffington,  Jared  Van  Wagencn,  Jr..  Ed.  Mitchell.  Paul  Work,  L.  E.  Weaver,  J.  C.  Huttar;  1.  W.  Ingalls,  advertising  manager:  E.  C.  Weatherby.  secretary  and 

Circulation  manager;  V.  E.  Grover,  subscription  manager.  Subscription  price  payable  in  advance,  s  so  a  year  in  the  U.  S.  A. 


Amefican  Agriculturist,  January  31,  1942 


5  (85) 


A  Continued  Story  by 
C.  E.  LADD  and  E.  R.  EASTMAN 


WHEN  THE  WELL  RAN 
DRY 

CHAPTER  XXXII. 

“Do  not  let  your  chances  like  sun¬ 
beams  pass  you  by, 

For  you  never  miss  the  water  ’till 
the  well  runs  dry.” 


R; 


EMEMBER  that  old  song,  Part¬ 
ner  ?  Back  in  the  Horse  and 
Buggy  days  on  the  home  farm, 
"mother  used  to  sing  that  song 
and  one  time  we  had  good  reason  to 
know  how  true  it  was,  for  the  well  in 
the  back  room  which  furnished  the 
water  for  the  house  went  dry — or  did  it 
go  bad  ?  It  was  quite  a  spell  ago,  and 
as  the  old-timers  used  to  say,  I  disre- 
member  which  it  was. 

Anyway,  we  had  to  find  a  new  source 
of  water  for  the  house.  To  be  sure, 
there  was  another  dug  well  out  in  the 
horse  barn,  and  another  one  in  the 
barnyard,  but  both  of  them  were  too 
far  away.  Gosh,  I  certainly  never  will 
forget  that  barnyard  pump.  Many’s  the 
time  I  stood  with  freezing  feet  to  pump 
water  for  the  endless  line  of  cows, 
whose  capacity  for  water  also  seemed 
endless.  Hurrah  for  the  modern  gas  or 
electrically  powered  pump,  or  even  for 
a  windmill,  say  I. 

So  we  had  to  drill  a  well,  and  of 
course,  the  first  thing  to  be  done,  ac¬ 
cording  to  all  of  our  local  cracker  bar¬ 
rel  advisors,  was  to  get  the  local  ex¬ 
pert  on  “witching”  wells  to  come  with 
his  little  apple  or  peach  stick  and  tell 
us  just  where  the  underground  water 
was  located.  Nothing  loth,  along  came 
neighbor  Harris,  and  stood  first  with 
his  stick  where  Dad  wanted  to  drill  the 
well.  Nothing  happened,  so  Mr.  Harris 
claimed  that  there  was  no  water  there. 
Then  he  walked  all  over  the  front  and 
the  back  yards,  the  garden,  and  even 
across  the  road  and  out  into  the  gar¬ 
den,  and  finally  said  that  his  stick  told 
him  that  the  only  place  to  drill  a  well 
was  out  beyond  the  garden — incidental¬ 
ly,  just  as  far  from  the  house  as  was 
the  well  in  the  horse  barn. 

Partner,  I  pause  to  say  that  there 
are  hundreds  of  people  who  really 
think  that  water  can  be  located  by 
means  of  that  little  divining  rod  or  stick. 
Maybe  it  can.  Last  summer  I  had  a 
lot  of  fun  one  day  when  the  Missus 
and  I  stopped  at  a  gasoline  station. 
The  Missus  saw  an  old  man  sunning 
himself,  with  one  of  those  crooked 
“water  witching”  sticks  in  his  hand. 
She  immediately  asked  him  about  wat¬ 
er  witching.  He  proceeded  to  demon¬ 
strate  and  then  let  her  try  it.  The  stick 
would  not  work  for  her,  so  finally  they 
went  walking  together  around  the 
yard,  with  the  old  water  “witcher”  in 
front  and  the  Missus  reaching  around 
both  sides  of  him  to  hold  the  stick 
with  him  and  to  feel  it  turn  down  when 
they  allegedly  came  over  underground 
water.  My  only  regret  is  that  I  didn’t 
have  a  camera  so  I  could  get  that  pic¬ 
ture  and  have  it  framed  for  our  living 
room! 

The  first  thing  the  Missus  did  when 
she  got  home  was  to  get  her  a  “witch¬ 


ing”  stick,  but  she  never  could  make 
it  work.  I  could.  In  fact,  it  turned  down 
anywhere  I  stopped.  So  I  sort  of  lost 
faith  in  water  witching.  I  will  say  no 
more  for  far  be  it  from  me  to  make 
anyone  else  lose  faith  in  anything  in 
these  faithless  times. 

Well,  to  go  on  with  the  story.  Dad 
said  to  “Witcher”  Harris: 

“What  the  heck  is  the  use  of  putting 
a  house  pump  way  out  beyond  the 
garden  ?” 

“  ’Cause,”  said  Mr.  Harris,  “there 
ain’t  no  water  anywhere  else.” 

“Like  heck  there  ain’t,”  said  Dad 
(or  was  it  “heck”  he  said?  I  disre- 
member.)  “I’ll  take  my  chance  on  drill¬ 
ing  a  well  in  the  front  yard  where  I 
intended  it  to  be  in  the  first  place,  and 
where  it  will  be  handy  for  Ma  to  carry 
the  water.” 

Yes,  sir,  you  heard  me,  I  said  “Ma”, 
for  in  common  with  most  of  the  farm 
women  of  her  generation,  Mother  car¬ 
ried  the  water  for  the  needs  of  the 
whole  family,  except  at  such  infrequent 
times  when  Father  or  we  boys  brought 
in  an  extra  pail  now  and  then. 

We  set  to  work  drilling  that  well 
where  Dad  wanted  it  in  spite  of  the 
dire  warnings  of  “Witcher”  Harris. 
You  know  how  it  is  done.  The  steel  cap 
with  holes  in  it  is  put  on  the  end  of 
the  pipe  that  goes  into  the  ground.  We 
started  the  pipe  into  the  ground,  then 
drove  the  lumber  wagon  alongside  so 
that  we  could  stand  in  the  wagon  and 
hammer  the  pipe  down  from  the  top. 

All  went  merrily  at  first,  then  the 
pipe  began  to  resist  our  hard  work  and 
went  down  very  slowly.  But  there’s 
nothing  like  persistence  in  drilling 
wells,  or  in  doing  anything  else,  so 
Dad  saw  to  it  that  we  stuck  to  the  job 
and  took  turns  hammering  that  pipe. 
Finally  we  got  the  first  short  section 
down  into  the  ground  and  screwed  on 
another  section.  We’d  hammer,  and 


hammer  and  hammer,  and  only  gain 
an  inch  or  two.  After  a  while  we  be¬ 
gan  to  plague  Dad  with  our  dire  pro¬ 
phecies  that  “Witcher”  Harris  was 
right.  And  the  “witcher”  himself  sat 
on  the  fence  most  of  the  time,  chim¬ 
ing  in  with  us  boys  to  the  effect  that 
there  was  no  water  there,  and  that  we 
were  wasting  all  of  our  hard  work. 

“Anyway,”  he  said,  “already  you  are 
down  too  far  for  a  shallow  well  pitcher 
pump.  You’ll  have  to  put  on  a  deep  well 
pump.  That’ll  cost  you  a  lot  of  money, 
and  it  will  be  always  hard  to  work.” 

But  Dad  kept  us  going,  whack! 
whack!  whack!  turn  by  turn,  hour  after 
hour,  for  two  or  three  days.  Finally 
when  my  older  brother  was  resting  be¬ 
tween  spells  of  hammering,  he  happen¬ 
ed  to  let  his  eye  rove  from -where  Dad 
was  hammering  the  pipe  toward  the 
other  side  of  the  yard.  Suddenly  he 
shouted! 

“Dad,  Dad.  For  gosh  sakes!  Look 
there!” 

We  all  turned  to  look,  then  looked 
again,  for  we  could  not  believe  our 
eyes.  Sticking  up  out  of  the  ground  at 
the  other  end  of  the  yard  was  the  end 
of  the  pipe  which  was  supposed  to  be 
many  feet  down  in  the  earth,  and 
which  we  had  hoped  was  sticking  into 
a  vein  of  water.  Apparently  the  pipe 
had  hit  a  rock  as  it  went  down,  been 
deflected,  and  instead  of  going  verti¬ 
cally  had  turned  to  travel  horizontally, 
until  striking  another  obstruction  it 
had  turned  and  come  back  to  light 
again. 

We  turned  to  look  at  Dad.  Conflict¬ 
ing  emotions  chased  themselves  across 
his  expressive  countenance,  and  we 
held  our  breaths  waiting  for  the  storm 
to.  break.  But  before  Dad  could  open 
his  mouth,  old  man  Harris  cackled 
from  the  top  of  the  yard  fence: 

“Jest  as  I  expected.  I  told  ye  so!” 

That  was  the  last  straw.  Dad  in  one 
jump  grabbed  the  wooden  mall,  in  the 
second  he  grabbed  for  neighbor  Harris. 
But  old  man  Harris  was  too  quick  for 
him.  He  fell  off  the  fence  on  the  other 
side,  struck  the  ground  running. 
Across  the  bridge  and  up  the  road  he 
went,  with  Dad  just  a  split  second  be¬ 
hind  him.  After  a  while  Dad  turned  and 
came  back,  looked  at  us  a  little  sheep¬ 
ishly  to  see  if  we  were  laughing,  and 
then  said  casually: 

“Boys,  I  guess  we’d  better  start  hay¬ 
ing,  don’t  you  think?  Let’s  get  out  the 
machine,  sharpen  the  knives,  and  cut 
that  piece  south  of  the  house.  We’ve 


Apple  Trees  \ 

By  Inez  George  Gridley 

The  smell  of  winter  apples  in  a  bin 

Can  take  me  back  across  the  changing 
years. 

Gnarled  and  old,  our  twisted  Sour 
Bough 

Would  always  proudly  drop  its  yellow 
spheres 

Beside  the  door  before  the  orchard  trees 

Had  ripened  fruit.  The  Kings  and 
Northern  Spi^s 

Were  ready  with  the  first  faint  touch 
of  frost 

For  spicy  butter  and  deep  fragrant  pies. 

A  Baldwin  tree  was  lovely  as  a  dream 

From  glossy  crown  to  sturdy  branch 
and  root, 

Holding  a  cloud  of  blossoms  in  its  arms, 

Or  offering  its  wealth  of  winter  fruit. 

Most'  trees  were  wild,  even  the  sugar 
bush.  .  .  . 

Only  the  apple  tree  was  always  tame; 

And  when  the  axe  bit  in  its  aging  trunk, 

The  red  heart  wood  burned  with  a 
steady  flame. 


just  got  time  before  chores.” 

But  still  the  water  problem  was  not 
solved,  nor  was  Dad  content  to  take 
that  defeat  for  an  answer.  So  it  was 
only  a  few  days  until  we  were  driving 
the  pipe  again,  between  spells  of  hay¬ 
ing,  and  in  about  the  same  place.  This 
time  it  wasn’t  long  before  we  ran  into 
a  vein  of  as  fine  water  as  I  have  ever 
tasted.  It  was  cold  too.  Every  summer 
night  for  years  after  that,  when  we 
were  through  milking  we  would  carry 
the  cans  from  the  dairy  barn  to  the  big 
tub  in  front  of  that  well,  and  pump  it 
full  of  that  ice  cold  watef,  then  put  the 
cans  in  to  keep  the  milk  cold.  I  can 
still  shut  my  eyes  and  hear  Dad  out 
in  the  summer  night  just  before  he 
went  to  bed  giving  that  milk  a  last 
good  stirring.  Times  were  too  hard  for 
him  to  take  any  chance  on  the  fellow 
at  the  milk  station  sending  the  milk 
home  the  next  morning  because  he 
claimed  it  was  sour. 

We  are  told  that  it  isn’t  good  to 
reminisce  too  much.  I  don’t  believe  it. 
I  think  it’s  fun  to  open  memory’s  chest 
once  in  a  while  and  turn  the  clock 
back  again  to  scenes  peopled  by  the 
loved  ones  whose  forms  “no  longer 
( Continued  on  Page  9) 


Of  the  family  in  this  picture,  Partner, 
taken  in  1903,  only  two  of  us  are  left. 
But  the  well  we  drilled  just  to  the  left  of 
the  big  tree,  and  the  water  in  it,  still 
gladden  the  hearts  of  thirsty  men  who  till 
the  soil  and  gather  the  hay  on  those  fields 
that  we  worked  in  the  long  ago. 


(86)  6 


American  Agriculturist,  January  31,  1942 


EVERY  BAG 
I  JSarcTAG 
|  showing 

:  PURITY 
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TEST 


DIBBLES 

FARM  if  ids 


Remember  —  Food  Means  Victory 
Alfalfa  -  Grass  Seed  -  Com  -  Soy  Beans 
Clover  -  Oats  -  Barley  -  Seed  Potatoes 

Alfalfa  and  the  Clovers — simple  arithmetic — 600 
carloads  hardy  grass  and  legumes  “lend-leased” 
to  England  from  crop  already  short!  Answer:  To 
Be  Sure  of  Seed — at  Present  Prices — ORDER 
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Grown — hardy,  acclimated.  Order  today. 

OATS — good  supplies  of  adapted  N.  E.  varieties 
SEED  CORN  —  ample  stocks  of  exceptional 
quality  with  germination  above  average. 

POTATOES  —  certain  certified  varieties 
scarce.  Our  present  supply  complete 
Prices  right. 

Our  Dibble  10-day-any-test  guarantee 
protects  you.  One  Quality  Only — 

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But  remember — we’re  at  War — de¬ 
mands  are  increasing  —  Act  at 
once.  Better  be  Sure  than  Sorry 
SEND  TODAY  FOR  DIBBLE 
CATALOG  AND  PRICES. 

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Seedgrower, 

Box  C,  Honeoye  Falls,  N.Y. 


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Has  big  red  fruit  ripening  as  early  as  July 
4th.  Regular  price,  15c  per  packet,  but  to 
Introduce  Jung’s  Quality  Seeds  we  will 
send  a  trial  packet  of  this  Tomato,  also 
Cream  Lettuce,  Earliest  Radishes,  graceful 
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intt  Our  beautiful  colored  catalog  of 
bargains  in  Seeds,  Plants,  Shrubs,  Hybrid 
Corn  and  Certified  Seed  Grain.  Coupon 
for  Rare  Premiums  in  each  catalog. 

J.  W.  Jung  Seed  Ce.,  St  a.  16,  Randolph,  Wis? 


Northern  N.  Y.  Grown 

BERRY  PLANTS 

Strawberry,  Raspberry,  Blackberry, 
Currant,  Gooseberry,  Grape,  Aspara¬ 
gus,  Rhubarb,  etc.  Everything  In 
Dormant  Nursery  Stock.  59  years 
in  business.  Catalog  Free. 

L.  J.  FARMER, 

Dept.  A. A.  Pulaski,  N.  Y. 


AMAZING  MONEY  MAKER. 

Show  friends  leading  $1.00  All  Occasion  greeting  card 
assortment.  Costs  you  50c  up.  Request  approval  samples. 
Birthday,  Easter,  Sunshine,  Gift  Wrapping  assortments. 
Special  $2.00  offer  gives  you  $3.00  profit. 

DO  EH  LA,  Dept.  21-c,  FITCHBURG.  MASS. 


LEGUME  AND  GRASS  SEEDS 


Grimm,  Cossack  &.  Ladak  Alfalfa;  Sweet,  Red  &  Alsike 
Clovers;  Timothy,  Bromus,  Crested  Wheat,  other  grasses. 
GRIMM  ALFALFA  ASSOCIATION,  FARGO.  N.  D. 
500  cooperating  growers. 


Write  for  prices  on  SCHROER’S  BETTER  VEGE¬ 
TABLE  PLANTS.  Cabbage,  onion,  Broccoli,  Tomato, 
hot  and  sweet  pepper,  eggplants  and  sweet  potato. 
SCHROER  PLANT  FARMS,  VALDOSTA,  GEORGIA. 

I  ARGF  STOffC  new— used  tractor  parts  for  sale 
chcap_  0rder  nearest  branch, 

Catalog  free. 

IRVING’S  TRACTOR  LUG  CO.,  Galesburg,  III. 


Write  for  big,  free  1942  TRACTOR  PARTS  CATA¬ 
LOGUE;  tremendous  savings.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

CENTRAL  TRACTOR  WRECKING  CO.,  Boone.  Iowa. 


TIME  WELL  SPENT 

Time  taken  to  read  the  ad* 
vertisements  in  AMERICAN 
AGRICULTURIST  is  time 
well  spent — for  there  is  no 
better  way  to  keep  well  in¬ 
formed  on  new  things  on  the 
market,  what  to  buy  at  what 
price  and  where  to  go  to  get 
what  you  want.  When  you 
answer  an  “ad,”  be  sure  to 
mention  the  name  of 

American 

Agriculturist 


FINEST 


FOR  47  YRS. 


For  better  crops,  bigger 
yields  try  GROWMORE 
Selected  and  Adapted  Seeds — 
famous  for  CfUALITY  since 
1895.  We  offer  only  the  best, 
hardy,  Northern  grown  alfalfas, 
clovers,  oats,  corn,  barley,  pas¬ 
ture  mixtures,  special  grasses, 
etc.  —  approved,  recommended 
varieties — all  tested,  tried  and 
true  to  name.  Write  for  name 
of  nearest  GROWMORE  repre¬ 
sentative. 

GARDNER  SEED  CO.,  Inc. 
39  Spencer  St.,  Rochester,  N.Y. 


The  Choice  of  Progressive  Farmers  t 


FRUIT  TREES 


Write  for  Free  Catalog  on  Apple, 
Peach,  Cherry,  Pear,  Plum.  Maloney 
%*  Trees  are  northern  grown,  hardy 
and  reasonably  priced.  Satisfaction 
Guaranteed.  Established  1884. 

Maloney  Bros.  Nursery  Co.,  Inc., 

51  Main  Street,  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


MALONEY’S  CATALOG  FREE 


Certified  Hybrid  Corn  29-3 

We  are  the  largest  individual  growers  of 
Certified  Cornell  29-3  Field  Corn  Seed.  New 
crop  germinates  99%.  We  pay  the  freight. 
Get  our  illustrated,  descriptive  vegetable,  field 
and  flower  seed  catalogue.  Mail  postal  today 
ROBSON  SEED  FARMS, 

Box  37,  Hall,  N.  Y. 


STRAWBERRIES 

PAYALLEN’8  BERRY  BOOK 

**  *  describes  best  early  me¬ 
dium,  late  and  everbearing  varie¬ 
ties.  Tells  how"  to  grow  big  lus¬ 
cious  berries  for  home  and  mar¬ 
ket.  Copy  Free.  Write  Today. 

W.  F.  ALLEN  COMPANY 
17  Evergreen  Ave.,  Salisbury,  Md. 


EVERGREEN  SEEDLINGS  for  Christmas  trees  and 
home  spring  planting.  Hardy,  Certified.  Order  early. 
SUNCREST  EVERGREEN  NURSERIES,  Johnstown,  Pa. 


•HARRIS  SEEDS 

BEST  FOR  THE  NORTH 

We  specialize  in  growing  the  best  early  strains  of 

Sweet  Corn,  Muskmelons,  Peppers,  Tomatoes,  Squash, 

etc.,  for  growers  whose  seasons  are  short.  Our  stocks  are 
noted  everywhere  for  earliness,  fine  quality  and  yield. 

SEND  FOR  FREE  CATALOG  TODAY  ! 

If  you  grow  for  market,  ask  for  our 
Market  Gardeners  and  Florists  Price  List. 

Joseph  Harris  Co.,  Inc., 30  Moreton  Farm,  Rochester, N.  Y. 

RELIABLE  MAIL  ORDER  SEEDSMEN  SINCE  1880. 


■1942  CATALOG  IWWAmcllf 


War-time  Vegetable 
Gardens  '  /w  hml 


UNDERNEATH  the  slogans  and 
posters  and  vigorous  promotion 
for  “victory  gardens,”  seems  to  run  an 
under-current  of  commendable  horse 
sense.  A  recent  national  conference 
held  at  Washington  urged  increase  of 
vegetable  garden  Etctivity  on  farms  and 
in  villages  and  where  the  situation  is 
suitable  in  and  about  the  cities.  Special 
warning  was  sounded  against  waste  of 

seed  and  against 
allowing  spring  en¬ 
thusiasm  in  plant¬ 
ing  to  out-run  one’s 
ambition  to  take 
care  of  a  garden 
and  to'  use  its 
products  in  mid¬ 
summer  and  on 
through  until  fall. 
Less  than  eighty 
per  cent  of  the 
farms  in  the  Unit¬ 
ed  States  report 
home  gardens.  The 
effort  is  to  bring 
this  figure  up  to 
ninety-five  per  cent 
or  better. 

This  is  a  good 
goal  for  all  times  and  especially  good 
for  war  times.  Both  the  federal 
agencies  and  the  state  colleges  are 
making  available  excellent  guidance 
material  for  the  home  gardener.  Those 


Paul  Work 


who  have  had  gardens  for  years  as 
well  as  those  who  have  not  paid  much 
attention  to'  this  enterprise,  had  better 
go  over  the  literature,  not  to  revolu¬ 
tionize  practices,  but  to  pick  up  ideas 
which  will  help  in  labor  saving,  in  the 
conservation  of  supplies,  in  better  care 
toward  better  yield  and  in  fuller  use 
of  the  product.  This  will  include  pre¬ 
serving  and  storing. 

Building  a  better  home  garden  is 
clearly  one  of  the  situations  where  ef¬ 
fort  is  highly  profitable,  both  to  the 
farm  family  and  to  the  national  wel¬ 
fare. 

*  *  * 

Commercial  vegetable  growers  should 
avail  themselves  of  the  services  made 
available  under  the  “Farm  Machinery 
Repair  Program”  which  is  going  for¬ 
ward  on  a  large  scale  under  the  guid¬ 
ance  of  the  New  York  State  Agricul¬ 
tural  Defense  Committee.  Some  fif¬ 
teen  men  are  being  trained  to  work 
among  the  counties.  One  service  will 
consist  in  holding  community  repair 
clinics  where  machinery  may  be 
brought  so  that  one  can  work  under 
supervision.  Field  demonstrations  will 
be  held  later.  Early  action  is  neces¬ 
sary  to  insure  availability  of  repair 
parts  and  to  take  advantage  of  the 
opportunity  when  it  comes  to  your 
county.  Get  in  touch  with- the  County 
Agricultural  Agent. 


Birdsfoot  Trefoil 

By  R.  B.  CHILD 

UTT  OW  DO  I  get  rid  of  these 

jLA weeds?”  asked  Henry  Mertz.  He 
was  talking  to  Prof.  J.  H.  Barron  of 
Cornell  University  who  was  looking 
over  his  pastures  near  New  Paltz,  Uls¬ 
ter  Co.,  during  the  summer  of  1932. 

“Put  some  lime  and  superphosphate 
on  them.  You  don’t  want  to  get  rid  of 
them — they’re  birdsfoot  trefoil  plants,” 
was  the  reply.  Mr.  Mertz  followed  that 
advice  and  today  has  one  of  the  finest 
narrow  leaf  birdsfoot  trefoil,  wild 
white  clover,  and  blue  grass  pastures 
in  the  Hudson  Valley. 

Natural  stands  of  birdsfoot  trefoil 
have  since  been  found  widely  scattered 
in  eastern  New  York  State  with  the 
center  in  Albany  and  Greene  counties. 
There  are  two  distinct  kinds  —  the 
broad  leaved  type  which  grows  quite 
erect,  and  the  narrow  leaved  type 
which  grows  close  to  the  ground.  Both 
types  are  being  used  for  hay  and  pas¬ 
ture,  but  the  latter  will  probably  stand 
heavier  grazing. 

Mixed  birdsfoot  trefoil  and  natural 
grass  hay  has  been  cut  for  as  long  as 
15  years  on  several  fields  in  Albany 
County  without  plowing  or  reseeding. 
The  operators  did  not  know  what  the 
plant  was,  but  they  did  know  that  it 
produced  good  yields  of  palatable  hay 
and  pasture  on  lands  too  poorly  drain¬ 
ed,  acid,  and  low  in  fertility  for  alf¬ 
alfa.  They  found  that  it  responds  read¬ 
ily  to  liberal  applications  of  lime  and 
superphosphate. 

The  plant  gets  its  name  from  the 
fact  that  the  cluster  of  slender  black 
seed  pods  look  like  a  bird’s  foot.  It  is 
easily  identified  as  each  leaf  is  made 
up  of  five  small  leaflets,  while  clovers 
have  only  3  leaflets. 

One  of  the  most  serious  problems 
with  this  “new”  perennial  legume  is 


to  get  the  seeding  started.  Perhaps 
partly  because  the  plant  naturally  pro¬ 
duces  a  large  percentage  of  hard  seeds, 
new  stands  usually  yield  sparsely  until 
at  least  the  second  year  after  seeding. 
It  starts  slow,  but  once  established, 
keeps  going.  Experimental  plots  and 
farm  tests  indicate  that  it  cannot 
compete  successfully  with  clovers  or 
alfalfa,  so  if  used  it  should  be  the  only 
legume  in  the  seeding  mixture. 

As  yet,  birdsfoot  trefoil  is  not  being 
widely  recommended.  If  you  care  to  try 
it  on  a  small  scale,  4  pounds  birdsfoot 
trefoil  plus  6  pounds  timothy  per  acre 
is  a  suggested  rate  of  seeding.  Special 
inoculation  is  essential. 

—  A.  A. — 

Good  Spuds  Are  Where 
You  Grow  Them 

OP  THE  MANY  farm  enterprises  in 
southern  Vermont  large  com¬ 
mercial  potato  growing  is  not  common. 
In  fact  there  is  only  one  grower  in  an 
area  of  three  or  four  counties  who  is 
in  or  even  near  the  40  to  50  aepe  class. 
He  is  Hardy  A.  Merrill  of  Bellows 
Falls.  That  is  one  reason  why  his  po¬ 
tato  growing  enterprise  at  Windham 
is  outstanding.  Another  is  the  way  in 
which  he  developed  two  old  farms 
which  probably  would  have  been  classi¬ 
fied  as  sub-marginal  and  brought  them 
up  into  some  of  the  most  productive 
potato  lands  in  the  state. 

Mr.  Merrill  knew  his  potatoes  and 
potato  land  for  he  came  from  a  good 
potato  section  in  northern  Vermont, 
served  several  years  as  manager  of  a 
county  cooperative  where  he  handled 
many  seed  potatoes,  and  then  went  in¬ 
to  business  for  himself,  handling  po¬ 
tatoes  and  potato  machinery.  Then, 
when  a  large  warehouse  at  Bellows 
Falls  came  on  the  market  after  several 
years  disuse  he  bought  it.  It  had  been 
built  to  handle  potatoes  from  smaller 
growers  all  over  the  state,  but  the  new 
owner  decided  it  was  a  place  to 
handle  potatoes  of  his  own  and  he 
shortly  found  a  place  to  grow  them. 
It  was  an  old  farm  at  Windham,  about 
20  miles  from  the  “Falls,”  with  alti¬ 
tude,  gradually  sloping  fields  and  gen¬ 
eral  character  on  which  he  visualized 
( Continued  on  Page  19) 


C*75?3p7,'"r 


MILK  PRICES  afe  up,  and  expected  to  go 
higher.  Your  country  is  asking  for  300 
extra  pounds  of  milk  from  every  cow  in  the  land. 

Increased  production  calls  for  a  real  plan  of 
action.  A  plan  which  will  help  you  do  the  job 
is  the  PURINA  CYCLE  FEEDING  PLAN.  It 
builds  up  your  herd  for  CAPACITY  PRODUC¬ 
TION  by  building  up  and  maintaining  condi¬ 
tion  throughout  the  entire  life  cycle  of  your 
cows.  It  is  made  to  supplement  the  crops  you 
raise.  Here  is  how  it  works: 

DRY  COWS  The  Plan  builds  up  condition  of 
dry  cows  for: 

1.  Reduced  Calving  troubles. 

2.  Higher  production  in  the  following  lactation  than  your 
cows  would  give  when  not  so  conditioned. 

CALVES  The  Plaij  is  made  to  help  you  do 
these  things: 

1.  Raise  big,  rugged  calves  with  larger  frames  than  aver¬ 
age  milk-fed  calves- 

2.  Cut  calf  feeding  costs  to  about  one-half  the  cost  of 
whotfe  milk  feeding. 


HEIFERS  For  your  future  herd  replacements,  the 
Plan  is  made  to: 

1.  Raise  big,  growthy  heifers  with  the  body  development 
to  milk  heavy  and  live  long  in  your  herd. 

2.  Bring  your  big,  well-developed  heifers  into  production 
at  21  to  24  months  old  ...  4  months  earlier  than  aver¬ 
age  heifers. 

MILKING  CO  WS  The  Plan  works  toward  ideal  body 
condition  of  the  milking  cows,  with  these  results: 

1.  Steady,  high  production  up  close  to  bred-in  CAPACITY. 

2.  A  high  resistance  to  udder,  breeding  and  other  “troubles.” 

That’s  the  complete  Cycle  Feeding  Plan.  Any 
part  of  it  brings  good  results,  but  when  you 
combine  them  all  together,  you  have  a  definite 
system  which  helps  you  build  up  your  herd  for 
steady,  high,  CAPACITY  production  and  low 
"cow  troubles”  year  after  year. 

Ask  your  Purina  dealer  or  salesman  for  the  new 
Purina  book  fully  describing  the  Cycle  Feeding 
Plan  which  is  part  of  the  Purina  Program  of 
breeding,  management,  sanitation  and  feeding.  Or 
write  for  a  copy  from  your  nearest  Purina  Mill. 


PURINA 

COVV 

.  CHOW  . 


PURINA 

CALf 


PURINA 


starting 


chow 


PURINA  MILLS 

Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

St.  Johnsbury,  Vt. 
Wilmington,  Del. 


MAN  OF  THE  MONTH 

THE  year  ahead  will  demand  more  from  you 
and  from  me  than  has  ever  before  been 
asked  of  us.  Events  have  suddenly  put  us  in 
one  of  history’s  most  significant  periods.  We 
will  be  called  on  to  toil,  sacrifice,  endure, 
create,  tolerate,  love,  worship,  and  generally 
live  more  in  a  month  than  we  have  been  ac¬ 
customed  to  live  in  a  year.  Winston  Churchill’s 
“Blood,  Sweat,  and  Tears,”  may  become  a 
reality  with  us  in  America. 

I  know  you  are  checking  your  farm  equip¬ 
ment,  automobile  motor,  tires,  and  battery 
to  get  the  most  miles.  But  how  about  that 
human  machine,  which  is  YOU  ?  Are  you  going 
to  be  fearful,  hysterical,  restricted  mentally, 
with  that  spark  of  Personality  which  you  pos¬ 
sess  almost  at  a  vanishing  point?  Are  you 
going  to  realize  that  Destiny  has  placed  you 
in  a  spot  that  calls  for  everything  that’s  in  you, 
and  that  whatever  powers  and  talents  you  have 
should  be  mobilized  for  a  CAPACITY  job  in 
1942! 

I  challenge  you  to  join  my  Crusade!  CA¬ 
PACITY  is  our  goal!  I’m  daring  every  man  and 
woman,  boy  and  girl,  who  believes  he  has 
unused  CAPACITY,  to  brush  it  up,  oil  it,  and 
start  it  working  in  1942. 

This  year  we  must  not  pay  lip  service  to  our 
Fourfold  ideal;  we  must  live  it.  If  your  muscles 
are  soft,  get  out  the  old  exercises.  Save  rubber 
tires  and  use  more  shoe  leather.  Open  those 
windows  into  unused  portions  of  your  lungs  by 
using  air  that  is  still  fresh  and  still  free. 

If  there  are  cobwebs  in  your  mental  attic, 
brush  them  out  with  a  program  of  reading 
and  study. 

Don’ t  lose  friends  today ;  make  more  of  them. 
Perhaps  it’s  a  blessing  in  disguise  that  we’re 
going  to  have  less  money  for  shows  and  enter¬ 
tainment.  More  time  in  our  homes  with  our 
families  and  friends  can  be  made  a  1942  asset. 

And  this  is  certainly  a  year  when  Religion 
will  become  a  needful  and  helpful  part  of  our 
lives,  when  we  will  appreciate  more  than  ever 
the  eternal  verities  of  the  spirit. 


THIS  year  I  am  going  to  present  to  you 
each  month  a  man,  or  a  woman,  whose 
birthday  monthitis,  who  has  made  extra¬ 
ordinary  use  of  his  CAPACITIES.  They  are  j  ust 
human  beacon  lights  who  have  led  humanity 
forward.- 

Out  of  the  great  January  group  I  have  se¬ 
lected  General  Douglas  Mac  Arthur  as  my 
“MAN  OF  THE  MONTH”. 

Born  January  26,  1880  —  West  Pointer  — 
Commander  Rainbow  Division,  World  War  I 
— 13  decorations  for  gallantry  under  fire  — 7 
citations  for  extraordinary  valor  —  24  deco¬ 
rations  from  foreign  governments , . . .  Doug¬ 
las  MacArthur  is  Commander  of  the  Ameri¬ 
can  and  Philippine  forces  in  the  last  ditch 
stand  in  the  Far  East. 

As  I  write  this  no  one  can  predict  the  fate 
of  the  Philippines  before  the  weight  of  over¬ 
whelming  Japanese  odds,  but  whatever  hap¬ 
pens  we  will  be  proud  of  General  MacArthur’s 
courage  to  “Keep  the  Flag  Flying!” 

What  a  challenge  MacArthur  is  to  us  all, 
and  especially  to  those  who  were  born  in  the 
month  of  January!  A  man  who  is  not  willing 
to  rest  on  past  laurels,  but  who  steps  up  to 
meet  today’s  emergencies  and  today’s  prob¬ 
lems  with  vigor  and  understanding.  General 
MacArthur,  MAN  OF  THE  MONTH,  CAPAC¬ 
ITY  CRUSADER. 

Those  of  you  who  have  known  me  through 
the  years  realize  that  I  am  constantly  trying 
to  bring  great  characters  into  our  own  lives. 

Accordingly,  for  my  own  private  CAPACITY 
CRUSADE  I  am  going  to  take  it  as  my  job  to 
develop  the  character  that  I  absolutely  control 
—  My  Own  Self  —  and  make  him  measure  up, 
trying  to  benefit  from  the  example  of  my 
“MAN  OF  THE  MONTH”. 

Will  you  join  me? 


WM.  H.  DANFORTH 
Chairman,  Ralston  Purina  Company 
Executive  Offices: 

1800  Checkerboard  Square,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

36c  to  pay  postage  will  get  my  12  illustrated 
“Man  of  the  Month”  Messages  in  detail  as 
they  are  printed  each  month.  This  column  Is 
just  a  brief  of  the  January  message. 


(88)  8 


American  Agriculturist,  January  31,  1942 


More  than  800,000  tons  of  potash  materials  for  fertilizer  use 
'left  American  mines  and  refineries  last  year  for  farming  areas 
where  soil  deficiency  of  potash — an  essential  plant  food — is 
limiting  crop  production.  About  two-thirds  of  this  tonnage  was 
in  the  form  of  muriate  of  potash  (60-63%  ICO),  a  form  highly 
concentrated  to  reduce  the  Farmer's  fertilizer  freight  bill.  Im¬ 
mediately  upon  the  outbreak  of  war  in  1939,  the  American 
Potash  Industry  began  a  rapid  increase  in  production  capacity. 
This  expansion  program  is  still  continuing  to  meet  the  demands 
for  increased  food  production — FOOD  for  VICTORY. 


Secretary  Wickard  Supports 
Farm  Cooperation 


THE  Dairymen’s  League  Cooperative 
Association  is  in  receipt  of  a  very 
interesting  letter,  printed  in  the  Dairy¬ 
men’s  League  News  and  released  to 
newspapers,  from  Secretary  Claude  L. 
Wickard  of  the  United  States  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture,  expressing  the 
Secretary’s  and  the  Department  of 
Agriculture’s  policy  or  philosophy  to¬ 
ward  cooperation.  In  the  beginning  of 
the  letter,  Secretary  Wickard  states 
that  the  Department  must  of  course 
operate  as  it  is  directed  by  the  laws 
of  Congress,  and  that  a  good  coopera¬ 
tive  organization  must  be  positive  in 
the  stand  it  takes  for  its  producers. 
But,  continues  the  Secretary,  “we  firm¬ 
ly  believe  that  there  is  no  difference 
in  the  principles  by  which  the  actions 
of  the  Dairymen’s  League  and  the  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture  are  govern¬ 
ed.  .  .  .  Over  many  years  of  experi¬ 
ence,  the  Department  has  found  that 
the  cooperative  marketing  movement 
is  one  of  the  most  vital  forces  for  the 
betterment  of  farmers.  Our  policy 
therefore  with  respect  to  cooperative 
associations  is  to  encourage  their 
growth  and  development  in  every  way 
possible.” 

That  letter  should  be  very  encourag¬ 
ing  to  all  good  farmers’  cooperatives. 
For  many  years  at  the  beginning  of 
the  cooperative  movement,  it  was  im¬ 
possible  to  make  much  progress  be¬ 
cause  of  unfair  laws.  However,  when 
the  attention  of  Congress  and  of  the 
State  Legislatures  was  brought  to  this 
unfair  legislation,  it  was  repealed  and 
in  its  place  there  was  passed,  both  in 
Congress  and  in  most  of  the  State 


Legislatures,  legislation  which  gives 
cooperatives  the  opportunity  to  do  al¬ 
most  anything  they  wish  which  is  not 
out  of  line  with  the  best  interests  of 
all  citizens. 

Secretary  Wickard’s  letter  is  a  fine 
re-statement  of  the  policy  of  govern¬ 
ment  toward  cooperatives. 

This  is  also  a  good  opportunity  to  re¬ 
state  the  policy  of  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  toward  farm  cooperation.  We 
believe  in  it.  We  also  believe  in  the 
corporate  or  old  line  way  of  doing 
business.  We  do  not  believe  that 
either  cooperatives  or  other  business 
should  have  a  monopoly,  because  one 
acts  as  a  check  and  keeps  the  other 
on  its  toes.  In  the  long  run,  the  con¬ 
cern,  whether  it  be  cooperative  or  cor¬ 
porate,  that  renders  the  best  service 
on  a  permanent  basis  to  its  farmer 
patrons  will  get  the  business. 

— a.  a. — 

Apple  Pomace  in  Surgery 

Important  role  being  played  by  apple 
pomace  for  military  purposes  is  reveal¬ 
ed  in  report  of  Surplus  Marketing  Ad¬ 
ministration. 

This  supposedly  humdrum  by-product 
of  cider  mills  has  been  found  to  be 
very  useful  as  an  aid  in  military 
surgery,  where  transfusions  are  neces¬ 
sary.  The  pomace  is  put  through  a 
cooking  and  repressing  process  result¬ 
ing  in  the  extraction  of  pectin,  and 
this  pectin  has  the  valuable  property 
of  carrying  blood  plasma,  thereby  ex¬ 
tending  the  use  of  this  precious  blood 
substance  for  transfusion  emergencies. 
— W.  E.  Piper. 


AMERICAN  POTASH  INSTITUTE 

Incorporated 

1155  Sixteenth  St.,  N.  W.  Washington,  D.  C. 


Attention! 


Men  who-  a/ie  Legend  dnalt  cx^e 


Because  of  defense  demands  there  is  a  chance  for 
two  or  three  good  men  beyond  draft  age  in  permanent 
work  with  one  of  the  oldest  organizations  in  the  coun- 


H.  E.  Babcock  Heads  National  Cooperative  Group 


try.  Necessary  that  you  own  a  car,' have  good  health 
and  can  live  within  $50  per  week.  Write  for  immediate 
interview,  giving  qualifications  and  phone  number, 

G.  C.  BARTLETT, 

Room  413,  Savings  Bank  Bldg., 
Ithaca,  New  York. 


Harris  Perfected 
Strain  Snowball 
Cauliflower. 


•HARRIS  SUDS 

BEST  FOR  THE  NORTH 


SWEET  CORN  PEPPERS  SQUASH 

MUSKMELC  NS  TOMATOES  BEETS,  ETC. 

Our  vigorous  early  strains  of  vegetables  and  flowers  insure  success  for 
gardeners  in  the  North  whose  seasons  are  short.  Our  early  high 
yielding  strains  give  better  results  wherever  grown. 

SEND  FOR  FREE  CATALOG  TODAY 

and  order  direct  from  our  Seed  Farms! 

If  you  grow  for  market,  ask  for  our 
Market  Gardeners  and  Florists  Price  List. 


Joseph  HarrisCo..  !nc.,31N!oreton  Farm,  Rochester,  N.Y. 

RELIABLE  MAIL  ORDER  SEEDSMEN  SINCE  1880. 


1942  catalog  wrwAmdy 


THE  nation's  largest  farm  organiza¬ 
tion  has  a  new  president.  He  is 
H.  E.  Babcock  (at  right)  of  Ithaca, 
N.  Y.,  who  succeeds  Judge  John  D. 
Miller,  pioneer  cooperative  leader  and 
outstanding  dairy  farmer  of  Susque¬ 
hanna,  Penn.,  who  at  86  becomes  presi¬ 
dent  emeritus  of  the  National  Council 
of  Farmer  Cooperatives,  representing 
more  than  2,000,000  farmers  from 
Maine  to  Florida  and  from  the  Caro- 
linas  to  California.  Judge  Miller,  who 
for  seven  consecutive  years  has  served 
as  Council  president,  is  shown  welcom¬ 
ing  the  new  president  at  the  organiza¬ 
tion’s  14th  annual  meeting  in  Atlanta, 
Ga.,  in  middle  January. 

In  his  speech  of  acceptance,  Mr. 
Babcock  declared  that  research,  educa¬ 
tion,  cooperative  action  and  legislation 
are  the  tools  that  can  secure  and  pre¬ 
serve  the  spiritual,  political  and  eco¬ 
nomic  independence  of  the  American' 
farmer. 

“Research,”  he  said,  “comes  first  be¬ 
cause  ■  agriculture  must  constantly 


seek,  through  surveys  and  experiments, 
new  and  more  efficient  methods  of  pro¬ 
duction  and  marketing  and  farm  liv¬ 
ing.  We  must  first  know  how. 
Through  education,  this  knowledge  can 
be  passed  along  to  our  farmers  who, 
through  cooperative  action,  can  trans¬ 
late  it  into  results.  Legislation,  I  place 
last  in  importance  because  if  we  do  a 
good  job  of  the  other  three  we’ll  quit 
running  to  the  government,  asking  it 
to  do  for  us  a  lot  of  things  that  we 
should  do  for  ourselves  on  a  voluntary 
basis.” 

H.  E.  Babcock  is  chairman  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  Cornell  Univers¬ 
ity.  He  was  formerly  general  manag¬ 
er  of  the  Cooperative  G.L.F.  Exchange 
at  Ithaca,  N.  Y,,  one  of  the  largest 
buying  and  selling  cooperatives  in  Am¬ 
erica.  He  resigned  a  few  years  ago  to 
devote  more  time  to  the  development 
of  an  educational  system  for  managers 
and  other  employees  of  agricultural 
cooperatives.  —  Roy  H.  Park ,  Editor, 
Carolina  Cooperator. 


9  (89) 


American  Agriculturist,  January  31,  1942 


4-SQUARE 
PORTABLE 
RltCO  BROODER 
HOUSE 
Design  P-1405 
12'  x  14' 


4-SQUARE  PORTABLE  ARCHED  ROOF  BROODER  HOUSE 
Design  F-1402  —  10*  x  12' 


4-SQUARE 
UTILITY  SHED 
ROOF 
BROODER 
HOUSE 
Design  F-1403 
10'  x  12' 


4-SQUARE  FARM 

BUILDING  SERVICE 

More  than  200  plans 
for  farm  structures 
of  nearly  every  type 
.  .  .  easy- to- build 
equipment  .  .  .  the 
best  and  most  prac¬ 
tical  farm  building 
designs  and  engi¬ 
neering  of  agricul¬ 
tural  engineers  and 
farm  managers. 


The  Lumber  for  Your  Farm 

4-Square  Lumber  is  the  best  and  most 
economical  building  material  for  all 
farm  construction.  Available  In  many 
speciesand  grades ;  cut  to  exact  lengths, 
square  ends,  smooth  surfaces,  thor¬ 
oughly  seasoned,  4-Square  Lumber 
lowers  building  costs,  reduces  waste, 
assures  better  construction. 

Copyright  1942,  Weyerhaenser  Sales  Company 


w 

Charles  M.  Gardner 

Editor  of  the  National  Grange 
Monthly  and  High  Priest  of  De¬ 
meter  of  the  National  Grange. 

A  FEW  CHANGES  in  the  personnel 
of  State  Grange  officers  have  oc¬ 
curred  in  the  New  England  group  and 
the  work  of  a  new  year  in  every  part 
of  that  section  starts  with  a  bang.  A 
substantial  membership  gain  during 
the  past  year,  added  to  the  tremend¬ 
ous  impulse  created  by  the  Worcester 
session  of  the  National  Grange,  has 
aroused  New  England  Grange  activity 
to  a  greater  degree  than  for  many 
years  past.  Quite  a  number  of  new 
halls  in  that  area  will  be  dedicated 
during  1942,  a  series  of  officers’  confer¬ 
ences,  regional  and  exemplification 
meetings  will  be  carried  out  in  every 
state,  and  community  service  work 
will  be  especially  stressed.  New  Eng¬ 
land  Granges  are  all  buying  Defense 
Bonds  and  in  practically  every  subor¬ 
dinate  and  Pomona  Grange  a  stirring 
patriotic  program  will  be  put  on  be¬ 
tween  now  and  May  1st. 

In  New  Hampshire  the  sudden  death 
of  State  Secretary  John  A.  Hammond 
led  to  the  choice  of  Scott  F.  Eastman 
of  Weare  for  that  position.  In  Rhode 
Island  the  continued  illness  of  State 
Lecturer  Mrs.  C.  Palmer  Chapman 
caused  her  resignation  and  that  post 
has  been  filled  by  the  election  of  Mrs. 
Gertrude  Whitcomb,  the  past  year’s 
successful  lecturer  of  Roger  Williams 
Grange.  In  Connecticut  State  Lectur¬ 
er  Mrs.  Edith  M.  Lane  declined  reelec¬ 
tion  after  a  four-year  term  and  is  suc¬ 
ceeded  by  Deputy  George  Higbee  of 
Mystic.  The  three  leading  officers  in 
Massachusetts  all  change,  and  for  the 
coming  two  years  are  as  follows:  Mas¬ 
ter,  Harvey  G.  Turner  of  Andover; 
overseer,  L.  Roy  Hawes  of  Sudbury; 
lecturer,  Mrs.  Lillian  F.  Atkinson  of 
Westfield.  State  Secretary  Ernest  H. 
Gilbert  of  Stoughton  and  State  Treas¬ 
urer  T.  E.  Flarity,  long-time  veterans 
in  the  Order,  continue  in  their  respec¬ 
tive  positions.  Leading  officers  in 
Maine  and  Vermont  were  reelected. 

*  *  * 

PRIZE  ESSAY  contest  finals  for 
Juvenile  Grange  members,  conduct¬ 
ed  by  the  Kiwanis  Club  of  the  city  of 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  have  been  announced. 
The  winner  is  a  bright  young  Miss  be¬ 
longing  to  Ulysses  Juvenile,  Elaine 
Crispell.  The  title  of  her  essay  was 
“My  Flag,”  a  very  timely  and  thought¬ 
ful  production. 

*  *  * 

THE  FACT  that  the  annual  fair  con¬ 
ducted  by  the  Grange  at  Morris,  New 
Jersey,  is  run  every  year  without  any 
fakers,  midway,  gambling  or  shady  at¬ 
tractions  has  created  widespread  com¬ 
ment,  and  it  is  interesting  to  note  the 
results  of  the  last  fair,  which  have  just 
been  reported  by  the  committee.  The 
fair  drew  a  paid  attendance  of  almost 
50,000  people,  paid  liberal  premiums  in 
all  departments  and  shows  up  with  a 
cash  profit  of  $5200.  Here  is  a  good 
object  lesson  for  those  fairs  which  de¬ 
clare  they  cannot  pay  expenses  unless 
they  run  in  a  lot  of  shady  sideshows. 

*  *  * 

AT  CONNECTICUT  State  Grange  an¬ 
nual  session  recently  held  at  Hart¬ 
ford,  Assembly  of  Demeter  sashes  were 
presented  to  a  group  of  former  State 
Masters  and  their  wives,  11  in  nurm- 
ber.  The  sashes  signify  permanent 
membership  in  the  highest  rank  of  the 
Grange  fraternity.  Those  who  receiv¬ 
ed  the  sashes  in  a  formal  ceremony 


were  Past  State  Masters  Allen  B. 
Cook,  Minor  Ives,  Louis  G.  Tolies, 
Frank  H.  Peet  and  Edgar  L.  Tucker, 
with  their  wives,  and  J.  Arthur  Sher¬ 
wood,  senior  Past  Master.  Two  others 
entitled  to  receive  similar  sashes  in 
Connecticut,  but  who  could  not  be  pres¬ 
ent  that  night,  are  the  wives  of  two 
former  State  Masters,  Mrs.  Leonard 
H.  Healey  and  Mrs.  Charles  T.  Davis. 


MAINE’S  largest  subordinate  grange 
is  Bauneg-Beg  at  North  Berwick, 
which  has  just  closed  the  most  suc¬ 
cessful  year  in  all  its  history.  How 
active  this  Grange  is  can  readily  be 
estimated  from  the  fact  that  the  aver¬ 
age  attendance  of  members  at  all  regu¬ 
lar  meetings  during  1941  was  247. 

*  *  * 

WHEN  OFFICERS  of  Somerville 
Grange  in  Massachusetts  were  in¬ 
stalled  this  year  the  master,  Raymond 
C.  Gage,  was  the  third  brother  in  the 
Gage  family  to  fill  that  station,  while 
the  father  of  the  boys,  the  late  Jesse 
Gage,  was  the  first  master  of  Somer¬ 
ville  Grange  more  than  30  years  ago. 
He  was  also  an  early  master  of  Metro¬ 
politan  Pomona.  A  third  generation  is 


now  coming  into  action,  as  a  young 
man  in  the  family  was  installed  as 
assistant  steward. 


HAPPINESS  prevails  in  Conanicut 
Grange  at  Jamestown,  Rhode  Island, 
because  the  $1500  hall  mortgage  has 
been  burned.  The  final  payment  of 
$500  had  been  cleared  through  the 
money-making  efforts  of  the  past  few 
months.  A  single  turkey  supper  on  a 
mammoth  scale  easily  created  the  bal¬ 
ance  necessary  to  go  over  the  top. 

—  A.  A. — 

Growing'  Up  in  the  Horse 
and  Buggy  Hays 

( Continued  from  Page  5) 
cast  a  shadow  in  the  sun.”  For  example, 
I  like  to  remember  a  hot  July  day  in 
haying  time.  We  had  just  finished  the 
last  load  from  that  big  creek  lot  which 
was  always  so  fragrant  with  mint,  and 
which  was  such  a  satisfactory  meadow 
because  whether  it  were  hay,  corn,  or 
potatoes,  it  grew  such  big  crops.  One 
of  the  boys  would  be  on  top  of  the 
load,  and  Dad  and  the  rest  of  us  would 
be  pitching  the  hay  up  to  him.  If  it 
were  the  older  brother  on  the  loads  I 


can  hear  him  complain  about  our  pitch¬ 
ing  hay  on  so  fast  that  he  didn’t  have 
time  to  build  a  good  load.  With  the  last 
forkful  on  the  last  load,  and  maybe 
with  the  rumbling  of  an  approaching 
thunderstorm  in  the  west,  we  would 
climb  up  on  the  load  and  go  to  the 
barn. 

The  old  house  and  the  great  tama¬ 
rack  tree  in  front  would  be  casting 
their  long  soft  shadows  in  the  late 
afternoon  sun.  Sliding  down  from  the 
load,  we’d  rush  to  that  well  in  the  yard 
to  pump  and  drink  a  great  dipperful 
of  icecold  water.  Boy,  is  there  anything 
in  the  world  so  satisfying  as  good 
water  when  you  come  out  of  the  hay 
field  on  a  hot  summer  day  thirstier 
than  I  have  ever  been  at  any  time 
since!  Good  water  makes  or  breaks  a 
farm.  It  has  much  to  do,  too,  with  sat¬ 
isfaction  and  happiness  in  country  life. 
But,  like  the  old  song  says,  “you  never 
miss  the  water  ’till  the  well  runs  dry.” 

Well,  Partner,  only  two  of  that  fam¬ 
ily  group  are  still  here.  The  old  farm 
is  in  other  hands,  but  the  well  we  drill¬ 
ed  and  the  water  in  it  still  gladden  the 
hearts  of  thirsty  men  who  till  the  soil 
and  gather  the  hay  on  those  fields  that 
we  worked  in  the  long  ago. 

(To  be  continued) 


POULTRY  PROFITS  BEGIN  in  the  brooder  house 

Baby  chicks  are  valuable  birds  —  the  more  you  save,  the  more 
you  raise  for  market  and  profitable  egg  producers.  Eggs  and  Poultry 
are  vitally  needed  and  command  good  prices.  A  correctly  designed, 
properly  built  brooder  house  is  one  of  the  best  investments  you  can 
make  today.  Correct  brooding  reduces  chick  losses  —  provides  better 
sanitation  — saves  fuel  —  saves  work  —  saves  feed  and  insures  stronger, 
sturdier  birds.  Scientifically  designed  buildings  are  necessary  for 
correct  brooding. 

It  is  easy  for  you  to  own  and  build  yourself,  at  lower  costs,  the 
best  type  of  brooder  house,  laying  house  and  equipment.  Weyerhaeuser 
4-Square  designs  give  you  the  newest  and  best  in  Poultry  Housing. 
Free  Plans  for  over  49  designs  are  available  at  your  4-Square  Lumber 
Dealer.  Improved,  ready-to-use  4-Square  Lumber,  which  comes  in 
exact  lengths  and  squared  ends,  fits  these  plans.  4-Square  Lumber 
reduces  building  costs  because  it  eliminates  needless  sawing,  fitting 
and  material  waste.  See  your  4-Square  Lumber  Dealer  or  write 
today  for  Free  Book  on  Poultry  Housing. 

FREE  BOOK  ON  HOUSING  AND  EQUIPMENT  FOR  POULTRY 

Illustrated,  fully  described,  the  newest  and  best  designs 
for  Brooder,  Laying  Houses,  Equipment.  49  designs. 

Free  plans  and  specifications.  Find  out  how  easily  and 
quickly  you  can  build  these  buildings  yourself  without 
extra  labor  or  outside  help.  Mail  coupon  for  Free  Book. 

LUMBER 


WEYERHAEUSER  SALES  COMPANY  AAM2 

2305  First  National  Bank  Building,  Saint  Paul,  Minnesota 

Send  me  the  new  4-Square  Book  on  Poultry  Housing  and  Equipment. 


I  want  to  build . 


Name. 


Address. 


Town . Co. 


.  State . 


(90)  1C 


American  Agriculturist,  January  31,  1942 


NosiUi&ga£  ManJzeti  jj&i  NoAtlteaAi  P'lQ.&uce'ib 


"American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page” 


HOLSTEIN 


Buy  Them  Young  and  Save  Money 

Your  next  Herd  Sire  from  one  of  our  Outstanding 
Show  Bulls.  Bred  for  production  too. 

Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

THE  WAIT  FARMS, 
AUBURN,  N.  Y. 


SWINE 


J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT, 


DAIRY  COWS  HOLSTHNS*and  GUERNSEYS 

Fresh  and  nearby.  Blood-tested. 

Frank  W.  Arnold,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE:  At  Farmer’s  Prices, 

sons  of  excellent  type  from  our  4%  “Invincible”  daugh¬ 
ters  sired  by  Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

Orchard  Hill  Stock  Farm,  FM0'rt  piaKV 


GUERNSEY 


TARBELL  FARMS  GUERNSEYS 

Federal  Accredited  —  360  HEAD  —  Negative 
YOUNG  BULLS  FOR  SALE.  CLOSELY  RELATED  TO 
Tarbell  Farms  Peerless  Margo  613193,  18501.4  lbs.  Milk, 
1013.3  lbs.  Fat.  World's  Champion  Jr.  3  Yr.  Old. 
Tarbell  Farms  Royal  Lenda  467961,  20508.9  lbs.  Milk. 
1109.0  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  4  Yr.  Old. 

TARBELL  FARMS  . 

Smithville  Flats,  New  York 


LAKE  DELAWARE  FARMS 

DELHI,  N.  Y.,  OFFERS  FOR  SALE 

REGISTERED  GUERNSEY  BULLS 

Ready  for  Light  Service.  Price  from  $100.00  up. 
Also  a  few  Heifers,  all  ages.  Apply  at  once. 


PUREBRED  GUERNSEY  BULL 

23  MONTHS  OLD  —  BLOODTESTED. 

FROM  AN  ACCREDITED  HERD. 

6  MILES  EAST  OF  ITHACA  ON  ROUTE  79. 

D.  W.  Hanson,  R.D.  2,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


HEREFOROS 

FOR  SALE:  FIFTEEN  HEAD 

2 -Year  Old  Grade  Hereford  Heifers 

Bred  from  purebred  dams  and  sires,  rebred  to  1941 
Champion  Bull  at  Cornell  University,  due  to  calf 
April  or  May.  These  cattle  are  tuberculosis  and 
abortion  free.  Also  pure  bred  bull  calf  born 
Sept.,  1941. 

STEPHEN  O’HAGAN, 

VOORHEESVILLE,  NEW  YORK 


HEREFORD  —  ANGUS 

EVERYTHING  IN  REGISTERED  AND 
COMMERCIAL  BREEDING  STOCK. 

West  Acres  Farms,  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y. 


BROWN  SWISS 


Brown  Swiss 

FOR  SALE:  Six  Pure  Bred  Heifers, 

8  to  18  months  old. 

Andrew  W.  Koonz 

Beaver  Dam  Farm,  Selkirk,  N.  Y. 
SHORTHORNS 
MILKING  SHORTHORNS 

HEAVY  PRODUCTION  ON  HOME  GROWN  FEEDS. 
EASY  KEEPERS. 

MAURICE  WHITNEY 

BERLIN,  N.  Y.  (26  MILES  EAST  OF  TROY,  N.  Y.) 

DUAL  PURPOSE  SHORTHORNS 

TWO  STRONG  YEARLING  BULLS  READY  FOR 
HEAVY  SERVICE  NOW,  AND  SEVERAL  YOUNG 
BULLS  FOR  SPRING  AND  SUMMER  SERVICE. 

Wm.  J.  Brew  &  Sons,  Bergen,  N.  Y. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEI  NS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 

CATTLE:  500  HEAD 

Fancy  Fresh  and  Forward  Dairy  Cattle. 

PRICED  RIGHT.  FREE  DELIVERY. 

F  I  Fnnte  Hr  Snn  fnr  HOBART,  N.  Y. 
c..  l.  rooie  oe  aon,  me.,  established  i845 


Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS.  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 


HELP  WANTED 


WANTED:  Male  Ward  Attendants, 

age  17  to  50,  wages  $54.00  per  month  with  board,  room 
and  laundry.  Write  or  apply  in  person  for  further 
information. 

State  Hospital,  Kings  Park,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 


WANTED,  BY  FAMILY  OF  TWO: 

Man  and  Wife  With  Good  References 

man  to  work  on  potato  farm,  wife  in  house.  Man 
must  be  total  abstainer,  preferably  from  45  to  50  years 
old  and  Protestant.  House  has  all  modern  conveniences. 
BOX  514-W,  American  Agriculturist,  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 


SHEEP  

SHROPSHIRE — Pure  Bred  Registered. 

Eight  Bred  Ewes:  One  Ram  not  related  to  ewes. 
First  $250.00  takes  them  or  will  sell  them  individually. 

BOB-O-LINK  FARMS,  Wolcott,  N.  Y. 


DOGS 

SAINT  BERNARDS 

AKC  BREEDING  STOCK— SPECIAL  PRICES 
OR  WOULD  CONSIDER  TRADE. 

Also  2  '  Setters — Black  male,  black  and  white  female. 

Mrs.  Edna  Gladstone,  Andes,  N.  Y. 

- f - 


A  FINE  LITTER  OF 

Ten  Chesapeake  Bay  Retrievers, 

Champion  stock,  reasonable;  hunt  and  watch. 

Featherbed  Farm,  Hopewell,  N.  J. 


SHEPHERDS  —  COLLIES 

TRAINED  CATTLE  DOGS  AND  PUPS. 

HEEL  DRIVERS  —  BEAUTIES. 

WILMOT,  East  Thetford,  Vt. 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 

DOUBLE  PRODUCTION 
IN  ALL  YEAR  GROWING  CLIMATE. 

LOW  LAND  COST,  W  ATE  R— H  E  A  LT  H  FU  L  LIVING. 
AMAZING  FARM  OPPORTUNITY. 

Write  for  free  literature. 

Pinal  County  Research  Committee, 

Dept.  1,  Coolidge,  Arizona. 


FOR  SALE 


FOR  SALE:  I  ACRE  LAND  WITH  2(4  STORY 
BUILDING  THEREON. 

Situated  on  main  thoroughfare  from  Boston  to  Canada. 
Ideal  place  for  gasoline  stand,  etc. 

If  interested  write  for  further  particulars. 

GEORGE  FADDEN,  CAMPTON,  N.  H. 


HAY 


BALED  HAY  AND  STRAW 

ALL  GRADES  MIXED  HAY  AND  ALFALFA. 
DELIVERED  BY  TRUCK  OR  CARLOAD. 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 


When  W'riting 
Advertisers 

Please  Mention 

0 

American 

Agriculturist 


POULTRY 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS,  ROCK-RED 
CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


LEGHORNS— NEW  HAMPSHIRES 

BARRED  ROCKS  —  CROSSES 
“BRED  TO  LAY  —  LAY  TO  PAY” 

Write  for  descriptive  catalog  and  prices. 

GLEN  WOOD  FARMS,  ithYca/  n3'  y. 


Walter  Rich’s 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 


Schwegler’s  “THOR-O-BREDS” 

HOLD  II  WORLD  OFFICIAL  RECORDS. 

Stock  from  200-324  egg  Pedigree  Breeders  2  to  5  years 
old  —  Leghorns,  White  Rocks,  Barred  Rocks,  R.  I. 
Reds,  New  Hampshires,  Wyandottes,  Giants,  Orpingtons, 
Minorcas,  Red-Rock  Cross.  Pekin  Ducks — Blood  Test¬ 
ed  Breeders.  Write  for  free  Catalog. 

SCHWEGLER’S  HATCHERY 

208  NORTHAMPTON,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 


The  mcgregor  farm 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

50  years  experience  in  breeding  profit-produc¬ 
ing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 

THE  McGREGOR  FARM 

BOX  A,  MAINE.  N.  Y. 


McLoughlin  Leghorns 

Progeny-test  bred.  7-time  New  York 
R.O.P.  champions  with  average  produc 
tion  records  of  257,  253,  256,  258,  266 
261  and  262  eggs.  U.S.  Pullorum  Clean 


McLoughlin  Leghorn  Farm,  Chatham  Center.  N.Y 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAMPSHIRES, 
BARRED  ROCKS,  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  All  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
Folder  and  Prices. 

WILLIAM  S.  MAPES,  Y. 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Officially  Pullorum  Passed.  N.  Y.  U.  S.  Approved 

BREEDING  COCKERELS 
Write  for  Folder 


E.  R.  Stone  and  Son 


Box  A 

Clyde,  N.  Y. 


ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS,  REDS,  ROCK-RED  CROSS, 
WHITE  ROCKS  — “They  Satisfy.” 

Pullorum  free,  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  details. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER,  Box  C,  GALLUPVILLE,  N.  Y. 


NEW  YORK  U.  S.  APPROVED 

NEW  HAMPSHIRES  &  LEGHORNS 

DESCRIPTIVE  CIRCULAR. 

The  Hiscock  Hatchery,  nevTyork. 
DANISH  POULTRY  FARM 

Family  Tested  Leghorns  —  New  Hampshires. 
Storrs,  Conn.,  Test  1940-1941,  13  Full  sisters 
av.  270  eggs  per  bird.  Harrisburg,  Penna., 
test,  13  Full  sisters  av.  240  eggs  per  bird. 

A.  E.  DANISH, 

Troy,  New  York 

quality™  Pedigree  S.C.W.  Leghorns 

B.W.D.  TESTED  PULLETS  AND  BREEDING  STOCK. 
Progeny  Tested  under  supervision  Cornell  University. 

Hartwick  Hatchery,  Inc.,  Hartwick,  N.Y. 


POULTRY 


EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

BREEDING  MALES 

PULLORUM  TESTED  —  NO  REACTORS 

James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  Trumansburg?'  N.  Y. 


9400 

LAYERS 


Rich  Poultry  Farms 

Leghorns  Progeny  Tested  Reds 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS. 

Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de¬ 
scribes  our  method  of  growing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 
CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  APPROVED  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 
ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 
Keystone  English  Black  Leghorns. 

HEALTHIEST  BREED.  GREAT  LAYERS. 

EGGS  AND  STOCK  FOR  SALE.  CIRCULAR  FREE. 

The  Keystone  Farms,  Richfield,  Pa. 

Matured  Barred  Rock 
Breeding  Males 

from  contest  trapnested  birds,  200  eggs  and  up. 
Also  some  Single-comb  White  Leghorns,  same  breeding. 

H.  T.  TILLOTSON, 

HIGHLAND  POULTRY  FARM,  KING  FERRY,  N.Y. 


Get  the  desired  increased  production  of 

LARGE,  WHITE,  QUALITY  EGGS 
by  purchasing  our  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns,  backed  by  29 
years  of  breeding  for  livability,  production  and  type. 
Always  100%  clean  on  pullorum  test. 

Kutschbach  &  Son,  Sherburne,  N.  Y. 


C.  &  G.  FARM  stprAar,mnentrIrds 

TRAPNESTED  AND  PROGENY  TESTED  FOR  YEARS 
SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 

C.  &  G.  Farm,  Ballston  Lake,  N.  Y. 


WHITEHEAD’S  FOR  REDS 

Rugged  Northern  Bred  Pullorum  Clean  Stock  that 
PAYS  in  Eggs,  then  PAYS  again  in  meat. 
Circular  free.  REDS  —  CROSSES.  Established  1927. 

Roy  S.  Whitehead,  Chateaugay,  N.  Y. 


BOBINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  U.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
List  describing  our  Leghorns  and  Reds. 

ELI  H.  BODINE, 

Box  28,  CHEMUNG,  N.  Y. 

SUSQUEHANNA  FARMS 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAMPSHIRES, 
ROCK-RED  CROSSBREDS.  WHITE  ROCKS. 
CORNO  RED  CROSSBREDS. 

Commercial  and  foundation  stock,  pullets,  males.  All 
stock  bloodtested  with  no  reactors  found:  Pedigreed 
male  matings.  Write  for  circular  and  prices. 

SUSQUEHANNA  FARMS 

Box  A,  MONTROSE,  PA. 


HONEY 


Choice  White  Clover  Honey, 

5  lb.,  90c:  10  lbs. .  $1.60.  Buckwheat,  5  lbs.,  SOc; 
10  lbs.,  $1.40,  Postpaid.  60  lbs.  Clover,  $4.80;  Buck¬ 
wheat,  $4.20  here,  liquid. 

Harry  T.  Gable,  Romulus,  N.  Y. 

HONPY*  60  lbs-  best  clover  $4.80,  buckwheat 
1  •  $4.20,  mixed  fall  honey,  good  flavor 

$4.20;  28  lb.  clover  (handy  pail)  $2.40;  24  combs 
clover  $3.60.  Above  not  prepaid.  10  lbs.  clover  post¬ 
paid  $t.60.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Remember  that 
honey  is  a  natural,  unprocessed  sweet. 

F.  W.  LESSER,  FAYETTEVILLE,  N.  Y. 


POPCORN 


GOLDEN  HULLESS  POP  CORN,- 

POPS  PERFECTLY. 

10  POUNDS  FOR  DOLLAR  BY  PARCEL  POST 
PREPAID. 

FRED  B.  SKINNER,  GREENE,  N.  Y. 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

This  page  is  for  the  use  of  American  Agriculturist  subscribers  at  a  low  rate  to  sell  farm  produce  and  livestock. 
Advertisements  are  limited  to  either  one  inch  or  one-half  inch  space.  American  Agriculturist  is  published  every 
other  Saturday.  Copy  must  be  received  at  American  Agriculturist,  Advertising  Department,  Box  514,  Ithaca, 
New  York,  11  days  before  publication  date.  Terms:  1.  Contract  basis— Six  or  7  issues— bill  mailed  at  end 


of  first  month.  2%  10  days.  30  days  net.  Less  than  contract  basis  —  cash  with  order.  No  Baby  Chick 
advertising  accepted.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows: 

1st  Quarter  Jan.  3,  17,  31;  Feb.  14.  28;  Mar.  14,  28:  l/a  inch  for  7  issues  $21.00:  one  inch  for  7  issues  $42.00 

2nd  Quarter  April  II,  25;  May  9,  23;  June  6,  20:  l/2  Inch  for  6  issues  $18.00:  one  inch  for  6  issues  $36.00 

3rd  Quarter  July  4,  18;  Aug.  I,  15,  29:  Sept.  12,  26:  >/2  inch  for  7  issues  $21.00;  one  inch  for  7  issues  $42.00 

4th  Quarter  Oot.  10,  24;  Nov.  7.  21;  Dec.  5,  19:  •/*  inch  for  6  issues  $18.00;  one  inch  for  6  issues  $36.00 


American  Agriculturist,  January  31,  1942 


1  1  (9D 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


THE  QUESTIONS  that  we  are  all 
asking  ourselves  and  each  other 
are,  “What  can  we  do  to  help?”,  and 
“What  can  we  expect?” 

I  believe  building  up  our  own  re¬ 
serves  will  be  the  greatest  help  to  our¬ 
selves  and  to  our  country.  Your  great¬ 
est  asset  is  your  land.  Build  it  into 
the  “most  productive  acres  outdoors.” 
Set  that  as  the  goal,  and  then  handle 
these  acres  so  that  their  reserve  fer¬ 
tility  and  productive  capacity  will  car¬ 
ry  on  over  a  long  period  of  years,  no 
matter  what  happens. 

No  one  knows  what  to  expect,  but 
I  believe  it  is  fair  to  say  that  good, 
honest  effort  will  receive  a  good,  just 
wage,  even  should  the  war  end  soon¬ 
er  than  anticipated.  We  are  going  to 
find  ourselves  feeding  the  world  be¬ 
fore  anyone  can  again  talk  of  sur¬ 
passes,  and  the  adjustment  away  from 
that  position  is  going  to  take  a  long 
time. 

Livestock  then  fits  into  the  answers 
to  both  of  the  above  questions  perfect¬ 
ly:  producing  more  of  the  kind  of  food 
and  by-products  that  we  need  and  are 
asked  for,  plus'  the  manures,  pasture 
use  and  improvement,  and  the  final  re¬ 
turns  which  you  must  have.  I  can  say 
“prices,”  because  nothing  that  you  are 
feeding  this  winter  is  failing  now,  or 
will  fail,  to  make  money  this  spring 
or  next  fall. 

I  am  being  told  that  a  $150  dairy 
cow  and  a  $14  ewe  are  too  high.  I  al¬ 
ways  want  to  answer  that  statement 
with  “How  do  you  know?  Maybe  they 
will  make  more  money  than  the  $60 
cow  or  the  $6  ewe  of  just  a  few  years 
ago.” 

Fundamentally,  livestock  has  a  tre¬ 
mendous  advantage  over  most  other 
commodities.  A  load  of  hay  is  just  a 
load  of  hay,  whether  it’s  good  or  bad. 
A  tractor  is  just  that,  etc.  But  a  $50 
heifer  can  become  a  $150  cow;  a  $50 
colt  can  become  a  $200  horse;  a  $5 
lamb,  a  $14  ewe;  a  $10  pig,  a  $40  sow. 
So,  if  you  are  one  of  those  who  feel 
that  matured  livestock  is  now  too  high, 
you  can  use  your  own  reasoning  and 
make  big,  matured  animals  out  of  little 
young  ones,  and  then  cash  in  on  the 
very  same  high  prices  you  are  talking 
about. 

Horses  continue  to  sell,  if  they  sell 
at  all,  way  too  cheap.  This  will  not 
continue.  Notice  that  the  Chicago 
Horse  Market  is  about  $15  a  head  high¬ 
er.  The  kind  of  economy  we  are  enter¬ 
ing  is  sure  to  create  a  demand  for 
horses.  Transportation  and  power  in 
all  its  mechanical  forms  are  not  only 
going  to  be  higher  and  higher,  but 
scarcer  and  scarcer.  Such  a  thing  as 
a  horse  manure-spreader  behind  me¬ 
chanical  power  is  just  one  example  of 
the  soyt  of  thing  that  will  be  imprac¬ 
tical  and  too  expensive;  also  impos¬ 
sible  probably  within  not  too  long  a 
time.  Labor,  of  course,  will  enter  into 
this  picture,  but  it  will  probably  be  so 
scarce  that  slow  old  men  and  boys  will 
have  to  do  the  greatest  part  of  the 
work  on  mosj  farms.  Horses,  then, 
will  be  just  as  efficient,  or  more  so, 
with  that  sort  of  labor. 

Lambs  and  wool  are  both  being  play¬ 
ed  around  with.  The  Government  is 
now  the  key  to  the  whole  future  pic¬ 
ture.  Here  are  some  guesses.  A  Fed¬ 
eral  Wool  Administrator  will  probably 
be'  created.  The  Government  will  take' 
over  the  ‘entire  1942  domestic  wool 
clip,  with  this  administrator  in  charge. 
The  future  price  of  wool,  then,  will 
depend  on  how  sympathetic  he  may 
be,  on  how  effective  price  ceilings 


“Baker  Farm  Johnny  Walker,”  a  Holstein  bull  owned  jointly  by  W.  A.  Baker, 
Exeter,  N.  H.,  and  the  Androscoggin  Valley  Artificial  Breeding  Association  of 
Maine.  “Johnny”  recently  went  traveling.  At  the  Eastern  States  Exposition  he  was 
best  in  his  class.  At  the  Syracuse  State  Fair  and  at  the  Maryland  State  Fair  he 
was  made  Grand  Champion. 

His  sire  is  Sir  Inka  May  Walker,  who  has  'wo  A.B.  daughters,  one  with  a  pro¬ 
duction  record  of  24,688  lbs.  of  milk.  His  dam  re  Sweet  Avon  Snow  Ormsby  of  Tops- 
field,  with  a  production  record  of  over  13,000  lbs.  of  milk. 

Maine  Holstein  men  are  predicting  that  this  bull  will  be  selected  as  an  all-American. 


prove,  and  on  the  general  price  level. 
Lamb,  as  food,  is  still  the  cheapest 
meat  on  the  market,  so  there  isn’t 
much  prospect  of  lower  live  lamb 
prices.  Feeding  lambs  will  make 
money,  and  ewes  and  lambs  will  make 
money.  With  the  number  of  sheep 
and  lambs  on  farms  no  greater  on 
January  1, ,  1942,  than  the  number  of 
head  in  the  U.  S.  60  years  ago,  expan¬ 
sion  in  sheep  numbers,  particularly  in 
the  Northeast,  should  not  be  too  great 
a  gamble. 

Livestock  ana  livestock  by-prodtict 
prices  are  now,  and  will  continue  to  be, 
controlled.  Future  profits  will  depeni'. 
upon  the  general  price  level,  and  upon, 
how  much  pressure  producers  them¬ 
selves  exert  to  keep  their  prices  in  line 
with  other  commodities,  and  the  only 
way  they  can  do  this  is  to  be  insistent 
that  the  men  regulating  these  prices 
be  men  who  understand  farm  produc¬ 
tion  and  farm  marketing  problems. 
Politics  and  pressures  are  one  and  the 
same. 

— a.  a. — 

Earlville  Sale  Results 

On  January  14  at  Earlville,  120  ani¬ 
mals  were  sold  at  the  139th  Coopera¬ 
tive  Consignment  Sale,  all  purebred 
Holsteins,  under  the  management  of 
R.  Austin  Backus.  Animals  came 
from  75  consignors  and  went  to  63 
buyers.  The  total  of  the  sale  was 
$19,490,  an  average  of  $162. 

The  top  cow  was  consigned  by  R.  S. 
Sponingburg  of  Fulton,  and  was  sold 
to  O.  D.  Smith,  Fayetteville,  for  $360. 


“Two  hours  overtime  f  I  must  have 
become  too  engrossed  in  American 
Agriculturist” 


The  largest  buyer  was  Harold  Zeigler 
of  Breinigsville,  Pa.,  who  bought  15 
head  for  $2,325.  Second  largest  buy¬ 
er  was  Robert  M.  Dann  of  Painted  Post, 
who  bought  11  head  for  $1,775. 

At  the  sale  a  heifer  calf  donated  by 
Miles  Marshall  of  Morrisville,  N.  Y., 
was  sold,  proceeds  to  go  to  the  Red 
Cross.  She  was  sold  and  redonated  36 
times  in  15  minutes,  prices  ranging 
from  $5.00  to  $25.00;  and  R.  L.  Hughes 
of  Tioga,  Pa.,  finally  bought  her  for 
$35.00.  Proceed^  were  $307.50. 

Mr.  Backus’  report  to  his  consignors 
on  their  1941  patronage  shows  1,603 
animals  sold  for  .$266,564  in  the  12 
regular  monthly  market  days  sales. 
Within  the  year  there  were  four  dis¬ 
persal  sales  in  his  auditorium  of  280 
purebred  Holsteins  for  $33,455,  the 
grand  total  for  1941  being  1,883  head 
at  $300,019.  The  average  is  $160, 
which,  as  Mr.  Backus  puts  it,  makes 
Earlville  “The  World’s  Greatest  Hol¬ 
stein  Market  Place.” — John  R.  Parsons. 


Mar.  9 

Mar.  30 
Apr.  20-21 

May  14 
May  23 

May  25 

May  29 
May  30 
June  I 
June  20 

Feb.  3 

Feb.  4-  5 
Feb.  9-14 
Feb.  12 
Feb.  24 
Feb.  24 

Feb.  24-25 

Feb.  24-26 
Feb.  25-28 
Feb.  26 
Mar.  26 
Mar.  26 
May  13 


Cattle  Sales 

Jersey  Auction,  H.  Jewett  Orth,  Jr.,  Fred¬ 
erick,  Md. 

The  Capitol  Holstein  Sale,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
Bell  Farm  Holstein  Dispersal,  Coraopolis, 
Pa. 

National  Ayrshire  Sale,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
Guernsey  Consignment  Sale,  Fair  Grounds, 
Topsfield,  Mass.  — 

Kitchener  Farm  Guernsey  Dispersal,  Bil¬ 
lerica,  Mass. 

Eastern  Guernsey  Sale,  Doylestown,  Pa. 
Coventry  Guernsey  Sale,  Trenton,  N.  J. 
Clover  Hill  Guernsey  Sale,  Ira,  N.  Y. 
Annual  Sale  of  New  York  Jersey  Cattle 

Club,  Meridale  Farms,  Meredith,  N.  Y. 

Coming  Events 

8th  Annual  Meeting  of  Hartford  Produc¬ 
tion  Credit  Ass’n.,  Hotel  Garde,  Hartford, 
Conn. 

Annual  Conservation  Conference,  Hotel 
Taft,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Farhi  and  Home  Week,  Cornell  University, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y 

Annual  Meeting  New  York  Brown  Swiss 

Breeders  at  Cornell  University. 

Eastern  States  Farmers’  Exchange  Annual 
Meeting,  Masonic  Temple,  Springfield,  Mass. 
19th  Annual  Meeting  of  Buffalo  Livestock 
Producers  Co-op.  Ass’n.,  Hotel  Statler, 
Buffafo,  N.  Y„  10:00  A.  M. 

Annual  New  England  Baby  Chick  &  Egg 

Show,  Town  Hall  Auditorium,  Meriden, 
Conn. 

Ilth  Annual  Vermont  Chick  &  Egg  Show, 
Knights  of  Columbus  Hall,  Rutland,  Vt. 
Country  Life  Program,  State  Institute  of 
Agriculture,  Farmingdale,  L.  I.,  New  York. 
Annual  Meeting  of  Maryland  Ayrshire 
Breeders’  Ass’n.,  Baltimore. 

Annual  Meeting  of  Maine  Jersey  Cattle 
Club,  Orono,  Maine. 

Annual  Meeting  of  Maine  Holstein-Friesian 
Breeders’  Ass’n.,  Orono. 

Annual  Meeting  of  Ayrshire  Breeders’  Asso¬ 
ciation,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 


ARE  YOUR  COWS 


$1.25 

and 

654 

Sizes 


for 

CALVING 

Cows  due  to  freshen 
between  now  and  sum¬ 
mer  are  apt  to  be  de¬ 
pleted  in  resistance, 
due  to  winter  feeding 
and  housing  condi¬ 
tions.  Digestion  and 
assimilation  need  to  be 
at  top  notch  in  order 
to  safely  approach  the 
strains  of  producing  a 
healthy  offspring.  The 
Iron,  Iodine  and  medicinal  Kow-Kare  ingre¬ 
dients  promote  active,  normal  functioning  of 
the  digestive  and  productive  organs,  make 
the  calving  ordeal  less  hazardous  by  aiding 
Nature.  Begin  now  to  add  Kow-Kare  to  the 
feed ;  it’s  an  inexpensive  precaution  in  success¬ 
ful  dairying.  At  drug, 
feed  and  general  stores. 

Write  for  valuable 
FREE  Cow  Book, 

“Home  Aids  to  Cow 
Health.” 


DAIRY  ASSOCIATION  COMPANY,  INC. 
Dept.  12,  Lyndonville,  Vermont 


SAVE  THE 
JUICE! 

Wood  is  the  proven — 
best  material  for  silos 
and  curing  silage.  All 
wood  silos  aren’t  alike. 
Only  the  Unadilla  has 
the  patented  lock  dow- 
elling  that  ties  the  en¬ 
tire  silo  into  a  Juice- 
Tight,  wind-proof,  en¬ 
during  structure.  With 
fair  care  it  will  outlast 
any  other  silo. 

For  grass  silage  as  well  as 
corn,  it  is  most  important 
to  Save  the  Juice  which 
contains  valuable,  body¬ 
building  mineral  food. 
Write  Today  for  Catalog  j 
and  our  early-order  low 
prices.  Unadilla  Silo  Co., 
Box  B,  Unadilla,  N.  Y. 
Agents  Wanted  —  Open  Territory 


SILOS 


mermiH  Operators 
now  “cashing  in’’  on 
steadily  increasing  nation-wide  demand  for  cus¬ 
tom-mixed  feeds  on  farmers’  own  premises."  Only 
Fords  equipment  performs  all  three  optional  ser¬ 
vices:  straight-grinding,  mixing  with  supplements, 
and  “sweet  feed”  production  by  exclusive  Molasses 
Impregnator.  Positively  no  delay  for  mixing.  25% 
down,  balance  from  earnings.  Investigate  today. 
Myers-Sherman  Co.,  1221  E.  12th  St.,  Streator,  III. 


A.  X  AUCTION! 


150  HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

Wed.,  Feb .  11,  1942 

AT  10:00  A.  M.— HEATED  PAVILION. 
EARLVILLE,  MADISON  COUNTY,  N.  Y. 

All  from  T.B.  Accredited  herds,  negative  to  blood 
test,  many  from  Bang  Certified  herds — can  go  any¬ 
where.  Treated  for  shipping  fever. 

125  fresh  and  close  springers 
12  bulls,  mostly  ready  for  service 
Some  nice  yearlings  and  many  well  bred 
young  calves. 

Write  for  details  about  this  oldest  established 
series  of  Holstein  sales  in  the  world. 

R.  Austin  Backus, Sales  Manager, Mexico, N.Y. 

. . - . —  . 


(92)  12 


M0L 


.  B. 

SKEFFinGTOFl 


JKfffI 
nOTCBOOK 


Fruit  Growers  Meet  in  Rochester 


TI7AR-TIME  restrictions  curtailed 

*  *  exhibits  and  attendance  at  the 
annual  meeting  of  the  New  York  State 
Horticultural  Society  in  Rochester  only 
slightly,  and  in  many  respects  those 
who  came  received  a  lot  of  informa¬ 
tion  on  shaping  their  affairs  to  the 
needs  of  the  times. 

Percy  R.  Morgan  of  Lewiston,  retir¬ 
ing  president,  in  his  annual  address 
referred  to  the  labor  situation  as  likely 
to  be  even  more  acute  this  year.  “How 
we  are  going  to  meet  it  I  do  not 
know,”  he  said.  “But  farmers  never 
have  failed  their  country  and  we  won’t 
now.  Some  branches  of  agriculture 
can  turn  to  machinery,  but  we  have 
not  yet  invented  a  machine  for  pick¬ 
ing  our  McIntosh  apples.” 

Bruce  P.  Jones  of  Hall  was  elected 
president  and  instructed  to  name  a 
committee  to  present  proposed  re¬ 
visions  of  the  constitution  and  by-laws 
to  the  membership.  The  present  docu¬ 
ments  were  written  in  1918,  when  the 
present  society  was  formed  by  con¬ 
solidation  of  the  Western  New  York 
Horticultural  Society  and  the  New 

York  State  Fruit  Growers’  Association. 

/ 

New  Officers 

Two  of  the  four  vice-presidents  of 
the  society  were  dropped  at  their  own 
request.  Theodor  Oxholm  of  Esopus, 
second  vice-president,  had  accepted  a 
full-time  post  with  the  Episcopal  Di¬ 
ocese  of  New  York.  Carl  G.  Wooster 
of  Union  Hill,  fourth  vice-president, 
now  is  assistant  administrator  of  the 
AAA  for  the  Northeast. 

The  new  list  of  vice-ppesidents  in¬ 
cludes  Theodore  Cross  of  LaGrange- 
ville,  Mark  Buckman  of  Sodus,  John 
Hall  of  Lockport,  and  Jerow  Schoon- 
maker  of  Wallkill.  Roy  McPherson  of 
LeRoy  was  reelected  secretary-treas¬ 
urer. 

A.  W.  Davenport  of  Kinderhook  and 
Herman  Kappel  of  Interlaken  were 
elected  members  of  the  executive  com¬ 
mittee  in  place  of  Cross  and  Rolland 
Reitz  of  Coldwater.  Wilbur  H.  Schu- 
maker  of  Youngstown,  Marion  C.  Al¬ 
bright  of  Athens,  Frank  W.  Beneway 
of  Ontario  and  Dr.  A.  B.  Burrell  of 
Peru  continue  as  members  of  the  ex¬ 
ecutive  committee. 

Ask  Research  Funds 

By  resolution  the  society  asked  the 
Governor  and  Legislature  to  continue 
research  appropriations  at  present  lev¬ 
els,  and  to  provide  $10,000  for  work 
on  Oriental  peach  moth  and  $7,000  for 
Japanese  beetle  work.  It  was  pointed 
out  that  research  which  has  proved  so 
effective  in  normal  times  is  needed 
even  more  urgently  to  meet  the  emerg¬ 
ency  conditions  of  war  time. 

Restrictions  on  weather  reports  are 
of  great  concern  to  farmers,  and 
especially  in  planning  spray  schedules, 
another  resolution  declared.  It  asked 
the  United  States  Weather  Bureau  to 
make  necessary  information  available 
to  county  agricultural  agents. 

Another  resolution  asked  that  the 
Farm  Products  Inspection  Service  of 
the  State  Department  of  Agriculture 
and  Markets  be  placed  on  a  full-time 
basis.  Purchases  of  fruit  and  vege¬ 
tables  for  Lease-Lend,  for  canners  and 
to  meet  other  war  conditions  will  have 


to  be  inspected,  and  the  service 
faces  many  emergency  duties.  It  urg¬ 
ed  that  22  inspectors  be  placed  on  a 
full-time  salaried  basis,  as  requested 
in  the  commissioner’s  budget. 

It  was  urged  that  any  prices  which 
are  set  for  farm  products  be  on  a  basis 
comparable  with  those  received  by 
labor  and  industry.  The  New  York  City 
administration,  which  has  barred  push¬ 
cart  peddlers  from  the  streets,  was 
asked  to  provide  places  in  booths  or 
otherwise  where  peddlers  may  operate. 

Processors  Attacked 

Failure  of  the  apple  industry  in  the 
state  to  “provide  its  share  of  dried 
apples  needed  for  Lease-Lend  pur¬ 
poses”  drew  a  rebuke  from  Porter  R. 
Taylor,  chief  of  the  Fruit  and  Vege¬ 
table  Division  of  the  Surplus  Market¬ 
ing  Administration.  Taylor  said  that 
“those  who  operated  the  facilities  were 
unwilling  to  cooperate  with  the  gov¬ 
ernment.” 

Most  of  the  responsibility  for  not 
supplying  dried  apples  rests  with  the 
processors,  Taylor  said,  but  “growers 
apparently  did  not  realize  that  they 
were  losing  an  opportunity  to  move  a 
substantial  volume  of  fruit  outside  of 
fresh  fruit  channels  and  thus  improve 
the  general  domestic  market  situation.” 

Because  the  need  for  dried  fruits  is 
greater  in  1942  than  it  was  in  1941, 
Taylor  said  some  means  must  be  found 
to  supply  the  product. 

Sees  Good  Demand 

Fruit  growers  face  a  good  outlook 
on  the  demand  side,  Eugene  C.  Auch- 
ter,  administrator  of  research  for  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agricul¬ 
ture,  told  the  society.  There  should  be 
less  than  the  normal  carryover  of  fruit 
from  the  1941  crop,  he  said,  because 
a  great  deal  of  it  had  been  canned, 
frozen  or  dried.  “It  looks  as  if  the 
1941  crqp  will  be  largely  used  up  be¬ 
fore  we  get  into  the  next  crop,”  he 
said.  “Already  we  have  a  clear  indi¬ 
cation  of  what  to  expect  in  demand. 
Consumers  have  more  money  to  spend. 
Some  commodities  will  not  be  avail¬ 
able  in  such  great  quantities,  so  there 
may  be  some  switching.  The  U.  S. 
needs  good  fruit  crops  this  year,  both 
for  its  own  use  and  to  ship  to  its  allies.” 

How  the  War  Affects  Fruit  Growers 

Sulphur  fungicides  are  an  important 
item  in  spraying,  and  Auchter  said  the 
present  outlook  does  not  indicate  a 
shortage  of  sulphur  compounds.  “It 
is  hard  to  say  how  much  arsenate  of 
lead  will  be  available,  but  we  are  hope¬ 
ful  there  will  be  enough  to  permit 
adequate  protection  against  codling 
moth,”  he  said.  “Copper  fungicides 
may  be  difficult  to  obtain,  although 
present  indications  look  pretty  good. 
At  any  rate,  copper  sprays  should  be 
used  as  sparingly  as  possible  as  copper 
is  a  vital  defense  material.  Where- 
ever  a  sulphur  can  be  substituted  for 
copper  sprays  this  should  be  done  from 
the  standpoint  of  economy  and  be¬ 
cause  of  our  duty  to  conserve  copper 
supplies.”  In  any  event,  the  advice 
given  to  the  growers  was  to  follow 
closely  the  recommendations  of  their 
experiment  stations  and  county  agents. 

Production  of  containers  will  be  cur¬ 


Amencan  Agriculturist,  January  31,  1942 


tailed  sharply,  Auchter  said,  but  he 
expects  that  production  of  wooden 
boxes  and  veneer  baskets  can  be  step¬ 
ped  up.  Other  conditions  being  favor¬ 
able,  the  outlook  is  for  a  better  fruit 
bloom  in  New  York  this  year  than 
last  year,  he  said. 

Must  Be  Efficient 

A  problem  of  growers  this  year  will 
be  to  get  high  yields  with  less  efficient 
labor,  said  Dr.  A.  J.  Heinicke,  Cornell 
pomology  chief.  About  85  per  cent  of 
the  production  cost  of  fruit  goes  for 
labor,  so  he  suggested  it  is  wise  to 
plan  how  to  use  labor  to  best  advant¬ 
age,  even  in  some  cases  modifying  nor¬ 
mal  practices.  “If  it  is  nedessary  to 
limit  operations,  neglect  the  less  de¬ 
sirable  varieties  or  orchards.  Prune 
to  invigorate  the  trees  and  to  cut  down 
on  the  use  of  fertilizer.  Fertilize  the 
canning  varieties  and  cut  down  on 
pruning.  It  is  not  necessary  to  prune 
every  year.  Discing  once  over  a  green 
crop  saves  nitrogen.  Leguminous  crops 
should  be  used  to  supply  nitrogen.” 

Marketing  Report  Made 

The  final  report  of  the  marketing 
sub-committee  of  the  Joint  Fruit  Com¬ 
mittee  was  made  by  Bruce  P.  Jones  of 
Hall.  The  Joint  committee  was  set  up 
two  years  ago  by  the  Horticultural  So¬ 
ciety  and  the  Farm  Bureau  Federa- 


’  '  "  '  "  -  -  ~  \ 

IVo  Master  Farmer 
Banquet  This  Year 

HIS  COUNTRY  is  at  war,  and 
many  non-essential  activities 
must  be  dropped  while  we  bend 
our  entire  energies  to  the  suc¬ 
cessful  prosecution  of  this  con¬ 
flict.  Therefore,  the  annual 
American  Agriculturist  Master 
Farmer  Banquet,  originally  sched¬ 
uled  for  February  12  during 
Farm  and  Home  Week,  has  been 
recessed  for  one  year.  There 
will  be  no  banquet,  and  no  Mas-  1 
ter  Farmers  will  be  named. 

The  applications  received  for 
1941  will  be  carefully  filed  until 
such  time  as  the  naming  of  New 
York  State  Master  Farmers  is 
again  resumed,  which  we  hope 
will  be  next  year. 

Because  many  of  the  applicants 
for  the  American  Agriculturist 
Achievement  Award  are  just 
within  the  age  limit  for  eligibil¬ 
ity,  these  awards  will  be  made 
this  year,  and  the  medals  will  be 
presented  at  an  informal  gather¬ 
ing  of  the  Master  Farmers  of 
the  state  during  Farm  and  Home 
Week. 

tion.  Chairman  Jones  recommended 
that  marketing  studies  be  continued  by 
a  smaller  permanent  committee. 


Agricultural  Society  Meets  in  Albany 


G  A  GRICULTURAL  research  is  a 
fundamental  requisite  to  main¬ 
taining  efficient  farming,”  the  New 
York  State  Agricultural  Society  de¬ 
clared  at  its  110th  annual  meeting  in 
Albany.  It  urged  upon  the  Governor 
and  the  Legislature  that  adequate 
funds  be  provided  for  research,  declar¬ 
ed  to  be  more  needed  than  ever  be¬ 
cause  of  war-time  problems. 

Further  emphasis  upon  the  value  of 
research  was  given  by  Larry  F.  Liv¬ 
ingston,  manager  of  the  extension  di¬ 
vision  of  the  DuPont  Company,  speak¬ 
ing  at  the  society’s  annual  dinner. 
Livingston  predicted  that  during  the 
next  four  or  five  years  private  indus¬ 
try  will  spend  more  for  research  than 
it  has  during  the  past  25  years.  “We 
have  learned  in  industry  that  for  every 
dollar  we  spend  for  research  many 
dollars  come  back.” 

In  another  resolution  the  society 
urged  general  adherence  to  the  slogan 
of  “Waste  Prolongs  the  War.”  It 
said  that  a  time  when  great  difficulty 
is  being  experienced  in  obtaining  labor, 
equipment,  supplies  and  other  needs  to 
produce  food  it  is  a  patriotic  duty  to 
make  sure  that  no  food  goes  to  waste. 
This  action  was  taken  following  a  re¬ 
port  by  a  special  committee  appointed 
last  year  to  consider  the  problem  of 
loss-leaders  in  retailing  of  farm  prod¬ 
ucts. 

Frank  W.  Beneway  of  Ontario,  com¬ 
mittee  chairman,  said  that  his  asso¬ 
ciates,  Henry  G.  Marquart  of  Orchard 
Park  and  E.  V.  Vedder,  Jr.,  of  Scho¬ 
harie,  found  much  less  of  this  evil  now. 
He  said  the  loss-leader  practice  was 
used  to  break  prices  and  reduce  re¬ 
turns  to  farmers  in  order  to  knock 
down  prices  to  consumers. 

Urges  Food  Saving 

“We  are  less  concerned  with  that 
now,”  Beneway  said,  “because  we  are 
in  a  period  of  rising  prices  and  enorm¬ 
ous  demands  for  food.  The  govern¬ 
ment  must  have  greater  quantities  than 
last  year,  for  the  armed  forces  and 
for  lease-lend.  I  predict  we  are  going 
to  process,  can  and  dry  not  only  the 
top  grades,  but  all  usable  grades  of 
produce.  We  must  keep  in  mind  that 
we  must  not  supply  this  year’s  needs, 
but  try  to  build  reserves  against  the 
time  of  even  greater  need  or  against 
crop  failures  this  year  or  next.” 

Because  of  the  perishable  nature  of 
many  fruits  and  vegetables,  the  com¬ 


mittee  urged  an  all-out  campaign  for 
better  handling  of  food  all  the  way 
from  the  producer  to  consumer,  and 
that  concentrated  effort  be  made  to 
see  that  each  crop  is  fully  utilized  in 
some  form. 

Cooperatives  have  an  important  role 
to  play  in  war-time  by  keeping  their 
members  constantly  informed  of 
changes  that  affect  their  business, 
James  A.  McConnell,  G.L.F.  general 
manager,  told  the  society. 

McConnell  said  he  looked  for  great 
advances  in  cooperatives  in  the  next 
few  decades,  but  said  war  would  in-  , 
terfere  with  training  and  acquiring  per¬ 
sonnel.  As  far  as  they  can  be  man¬ 
ned  and  financed  efficiently,  he  said, 
cooperatives  should  expand  facilities. 
He  suggested  marketing  as  offering 
great  opportunities  in  future  because 
farmers  were  not  satisfied  that  “we 
have  distributed  our  products  as  well 
as  we  have  produced  them.” 

Berne  A.  Pyrke,  first  vice-president, 
presided  in  the  absence  of  President 
Leigh  G.  Kirkland,  ill  at  his  home  in 
Fredonia.  A  nominating  committee 
including  Bruce  P.  Jones,  L.  Husted 
Myers  and  Howard  Allen  recommended 
that  Kirkland  and  other  officers  be  re¬ 
elected  and  this  was  done. 

— a.  a. — 

Rural  Life  Poetry  Contest 

A  Rural  Life  Poetry  Contest  will  be 
conducted  this  February  as  a  part  of 
the  usual  Farm  and  Home  Week  Pro¬ 
gram  of  the  New  York  State  College 
of  Agriculture.  The  purpose  of  this 
contest  is  to  develop  appreciation  of 
rural  life  and  to  give  participation  in 
the  Farm  and  Home  Week  Program. 
The  three  judges  are:  Russell  Lord, 
editor  of  The  Land,  Washington,  D.  C., 
Professor  Bristow  Adams  of  the  de¬ 
partment  of  journalism  of  Cornell  Uni¬ 
versity,  and  Professor  H.  W.  Thomp¬ 
son  of  the  English  department  of  Cor¬ 
nell  University. 

Prizes  of  fifteen,  ten,  and  five  dollars 
will  be  offered  for  the  three  best 
original  poems.  Poems  should  express 
personal  experience  in  rural  living. 
They  may  be  composed  with  or  with¬ 
out  rhyme.  They  should  be  copied  in 
ink  or  typed.  No  copies  will  be  return¬ 
ed.  Send  all  poems  to  the  Rural  Life 
Poetry  Contest,  College  of  Agriculture 
at  Ithaca,  New  York,  not  later  thai 
Feb.  3,  1942.  t  i 

*  *  i 


AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  JANUARY  31.  1942 


THE  DE  LAVAL  MAGNETIC 
SPEEDWAY  MILKER 

No  other  method  of  milking  can  match 
the  great  De  Laval  Magnetic  Speedway 
Milker  for  best,  fastest  and  cleanest 
milking  .  .  .  for  uniform,  regular  milk¬ 
ing  speed  and  action  .  .  .  for  valuable 
time  and  labor  savings.  It  is  the  only 
magnetic  milker  .  .  .  has  no  adjust¬ 
ments  .  .  .  and  is  simple,  dependable 
and  foolproof.  With  the  De  Laval 
Magnetic  clean  milk  production  is 
quick,  sure  and  easy. 


THE  DE  LAVAL  STERLING 
MILKER 

The  De  Laval  Sterling  Milker  is  a 
worthy  lower  priced  companion  to  the 
great  De  Laval  Magnetic  Speedway.  It 
provides  De  Laval  quality  milking  and 
is  especially  well  suited  for  use  with 
smaller  herds.  The  wonderful  Sterling 
Pulsator  has  only  two  moving  parts 
.  .  .  never  requires  oiling  .  .  .  and  pro¬ 
vides  positive  precise  milking  action 
that  pleases  the  cow.  Single  or  double 
units — operate  on  any  single  pipe  line. 


A  new  De  Laval  Separator  in 
most  instances  will  earn  its  own 
monthly  payments  in  extra  but- 
terfat  recovered  .  .  .  and  go  on 
earning  extra  income  for  you  for 
many  years.  De  Laval  Separators 
skim  cleaner  .  .  .  last  longer  .  . . 
earn  most  .  .  .  and  cost  less  per 
year  of  use.  There  is  a  wide 
range  of  sizes,  styles  and  prices 
for  every  need  and  purse. 


SEPARATORS 
AND  MILKERS 


CRAINE  SILOS 


A  WORD  to 


the  WISE 


If  there  was  ever  a  time  to  increase 
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silage,  get  the  latest  silo  facts  from 
Craine’s  long  experience  and  record  of 
DEPENDABLE  service. 


I  will  feed . head  of  stock  for . months. 

Will  use  Com  Silage  Q  <>r  Grass  Silage  □ 

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Kalamazoo  Stove  &  Furnace  Co. 

802  Rochester  Ave. 

Kalamazoo, 

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/y/VON 


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A.  M. 
P.  M. 


AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  JANUARY  31,  1942 


SEND  COMPLETE  INFORMATION 
PRICES  AND  TERMS  ON 

THE  DE  LAVAL  MACHINES  CHECKED 


DE  LAVAL  MILKERS 


DE  LAVAL  CREAM  SEPARATORS 


NAME. 


ADDRESS. 
R.  F.  D _ 


.STATE. 


MAIL  TODAY 

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on  improved  Craine  silos 
as  checked  below: 

□  KOROK  TILE  □  WOOD  STAVE 

□  TRIPLE  WALL  □  UTILITY 

□  NATCO  1'ILE  □  CRAINELOX 

COVERING 


Name 


Post  Card 


PLACE 

ONE 

CENT 

STAMP 

HERE 


CRAINE,  Inc. 


Town _ 

Street  or  RFD 


Norwich,  N.Y. 


State 


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CRAINE,  lnc„  132  Pine  St„  Norwich,  N.Y. 


CRAINE  SILOS 


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Stove  &  Furnace  Co.,  Mfrs. 

Rochester  Ave.,  Kalamazoo,  Michigan 


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Utica  Radiator  Corporation 

2201  Dwyer  Avenue 

Utica,  N*  Y • 


PREPARE  FOR  FREEZING  WEATHER  AHEAD  ! 


There  are  plenty  of  cold,  hard  winter  storms  ahead.  Protect  your  home 
and  provide  for  the  warmth  and  comfort  of  your  family  this  winter  and 
for  many  years  to  come  by  installing  a  new,  modern  UTICA  HEATING 

system 

UTICA  STILL  OFFERS  EASY  TERMS 


UTICA  still  offers  easy  payment  terms  with  moderate  down  payments  and 

18  months  to  pay.  Your  local  UTICA  dealer,  who 
is  best  qualified  to  serve  you,  will  be  glad  to  give 
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UTICA,  N.  Y. 


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PAYMENT  TERMS 


Only  Effective  Cooperation  Among  Dairy  Farmers  Will 


Insure  an  Adequate  Supply  of 

MILK 


★ 


.  .  .  The  Dairy 

Farmers' 

FOR  DEFENSE  .  «*■ 

Contribution 


TO  WARTIME  FITNESS 
AND  MORALE 


OUTNUMBERED  15  to  1  by  non-farm  groups  .  . .  faced  with  Tabor  shortages  .  •  • 
faced  with  machinery  shortages  .  .  .  faced  with  a  growing  spread  between  the 
prices  of  the  things  they  buy  and  the  things  they  sell  .  •  .  and  faced  with  repeated 
government  urgings  to  produce  more  and  still  more  milk  . . .  dairy  farmers  need  today,  as 
never  before,  the  strength,  the  steadiness  and  the  resolute  action  of  cooperative  effort. 


Never  before  has  there  been  such  a  massing  of  consumers’  and  dealers’  lawyers  as  at  the  recent 
Milk  Marketing  Hearings  in  Brooklyn.  True  these  people  all  professed  to  believe:  1 — that  milk  is 
the  first  line  of  defense;  2 — that  milk  is  an  implement  of  war;  $ — that  milk  is  necessary  for  health; 
4 — that  milk  is  a  morale  builder  in  time  of  war;  and  5 — that  the  request  of  the  federal  government  foil 
more  milk  in  the  interest  of  national  defense  must  be  met  by  farmers. 


But  boiled  down  to  its  simplest  thought,  the  testimony  of  all  of  these  groups  of 
consumers,  lawyers  and  dealers  was  simply  that:  "I  protest  against  any  rise  in  the  price 
of  milk" — which  means  a  protest  against  any  increase  paid  to  farmers. 


And  in  that  simple  statement,  every  dairy  farmer  can  read  what  he  must  do.  For  now,  as  always, 
he  must  help  himself.  He  can  get  words  of  praise  for  the  value  of  milk.  And  he  can  get  words  of 
meaningless  appreciation  for  the  fine  patriotic  service  he  is  rendering  his  country.  But  if  he  wants 

more  money  to  pay  his  increasing  costs,  he  can  get  it  only  by 
forcing  it  through  cooperative  action  with  his  fellow  farmers. 
And  every  dairy  farmer  knows  that  the  only  way  he  can  meet 
today’s  cost  conditions  and  produce  the  extra  milk  that  the  wan 
effort  needs,  is  to  get  more  money. 


Therefore  the  answer  to  the  entire  problem  is  single, 
simple  and  clear.  The  one  thing  that  is  needed  now  as 
in  the  past  is  SOLID,  UNBROKEN  AND  EFFECTIVE 
COOPERATION  AMONG  ALL  MILK  PRODUCERS  IN 
THISMILKSHED. 


American  Agriculturist,  January  31,  1942 


The  Farmer  and  His  Income  Tax 

( Continued  from  Page  1) 


PLANS:  The  first  essential  °f  any 

pbhmhm  building  is  a  detailed  plan 
on  paper.  Dairymen,  of  course,  have  a 
general  idea  of  the  kind  of  barn  they 
want,  but  they  are  not  draftsmen  and  can 
use  a  little  help.  THE  LOUDEN  MA¬ 
CHINERY  COMPANY,  1048  Broadway, 
Dept.  AA-1,  Albany,  New  York,  have 
barn  plans  available  without  cost.  You 
can  write  for  them  in  confidence,  and 
without  feeling  that  you  are  placing 
yourself  under  any  obligation. 

SHELLS:  Hens  are  willing  to  do  their 
wm—mmmmmm  part  to  produce  eggs  for 
our  Allies,  but  they  must  have  the  raw 
materials.  We  get  word  that  the  oyster 
shell  supply  is  going  to  be  short,  but  if 
you  supply  your  hens  with  Limeroll,  a 
product  made  by  ALLIED  MINERALS, 
INC.,  Dept.  12,  West  Chelmsford,  Mass., 
the  hens  won’t  miss  any  lack  of  oyster 
shells. 

READING*  •Er'or  customers,  the 
A.  B.  FARQUHAR 
COMPANY,  LTD.,  York,  Pa.,  is  printing 
a  four-page  paper  “Farquhar  Iron  Age 
Farm  News.”  This  is  well  illustrated 
with  pictures  taken  right  on  northeast¬ 
ern  farms.  Ask  your  farm  supply  deal¬ 
er  for  copies,  or  write  direct  to  the  com¬ 
pany. 


RETREADS:  AU  of  118  are  won- 

mmmmmmmmmammamam  dering  how  long  our 
tires  will  last.  The  picture  above  shows 
the  process  of  applying  a  Firestone 
“camelback,”  which  is  part  of  a  process 
of  retreading  tires  which  have  worn 
smooth.  After  this,  tires  are  vulcanized, 
and  if  the  fabrics  are  in  good  shape,  they 
will  give  about  80%  of  the  original  mile¬ 
age  of  the  tire. 

MORE  WINNERS:  In  the  New 

York  edition 

of  the  December  20  issue,  OCCIDENT 
FLOUR  on  page  12  reported  thirteen 
prize  winners  in  their  recent  contest. 
Space  prevented  inclusion  of  the  entire 
list  of  winners.  Here  are  some  addi¬ 
tional  winners  from  the  Northeast.  Each 
of  them  received  a  prize  of  $1.00 : 

Miss  Elizabeth  Milos,  Ware,  Mass. ; 
Mrs.  Winifred  M.  Hubbard,  Springfield, 
Mass. ;  Mrs.  Nicholas  Sossong,  Scranton, 
Pa. ;  Mrs.  Patience  Shimmon,  Pittsfield, 
Mass. ;  Mrs.  Robert  H.  DuBois,  Jeanette, 
Pa. ;  Mrs.  Henry  Shepherd,  Pludson,  N. 
H. ;  Mrs.  Joseph  Kershaw,  Swanzey,  N. 
H. ;  Mrs.  Charles  W.  Meekins,  N.  H. ;  Mrs. 
William  L.  Ritter,  S'r.,  Orwigsburg,  Pa. ; 
Twila  A.  MacDowell,  Warren,  Pa. ;  Mrs. 
John  Rock,  W.  Hazleton,  Pa. ;  Mrs.  C.  M. 
Fisher,  Weatherly,  Pa. ;  L.  M.  Phaneuf, 
Concord,  N.  H. ;  Mrs.  Elbert  Timmons, 
Warren,  Pa. ;  Mrs.  H.  F.  Dennick,  Union- 
town,  Pa. ;  Mrs.  Pearl  M.  Howe,  Lisle, 
N.  Y. ;  Mrs.  H.  L.  Murray,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. ; 
Miss  Josephine  Norton,  Reading,  Mass. ; 
Mrs.  Warren  G.  Reese,  Scranton,  Pa. ; 
Mrs.  Helen  Merrick,  Springfield,  Mass. ; 
Mrs.  E.  M.  Smith,  Windsor,  Conn. ;  Mrs. 


J.  Pendlebury,  Hartford,  Conn. ;  Mrs. 
Jeannette  V.  Rippel,  Williamsville,  N.  Y. ; 
Mrs.  Lena  Brown,  Berkshire,  Mass.; 
Mrs.  D.  A.  Buzzell,  Massena,  N.  Y. ;  Mrs. 
Gladys  Tarr,  Springfield,  Mass. ;  Mrs. 
Ethel  Perham,  Westmoreland,  N.  H. ; 
Mrs.  Stephen  Gilley,  Tunbridge,  Vt. ;  Mrs. 
Howard  Sumner,  Montpelier,  Vt. ;  Mrs. 
Watson  Blaw,  Barre,  Vt. ;  Mrs.  M.  Wil¬ 
liamson,  Northfield,  Vt. ;  Lillian  E.  Sher¬ 
wood,  Port  Chester,  N.  Y. ;  Mrs.  John 
Putnam,  Redwood,  N.  Y. ;  Mrs.  Bertha 
Haueisen,  Manchester,  N.  H. ;  Mrs.  Ethel 
F.  Hallett,  Wilmington,  Mass. ;  Lester 
Bean,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. ;  Mrs.  Wm.  L.  Mc¬ 
Guire,  Stoneboro,  Pa. ,'  Mrs.  Herman  R. 
Wilmot,  Woodsville,  N.  H. 


PROTECTION:  The  100  milIionth 

Germaco  Hotkap 
was  put  into  service  on  the  farm  of  A. 
Balsiger,  Commack,  Long  Island.  These 
Hotkaps  are  made  of  reinforced  wax 
paper  so  that  they  are  actually  minia¬ 
ture  hot  houses,  protecting  plants  from 
frost,  rain  and  hail.  Their  use  enables 
the  grower  to  get  his  crop  on  the  market 
earlier  and  cash  in  on  early  season 
prices.  They  are  manufactured  by  GER¬ 
MAIN’S,  GERMACO  PRODUCTS  DI¬ 
VISION,  748  Terminal  St.,  Dept.  A,  Los 
Angeles,  California.  This  concern  will 
be  glad  to  send  you  their  booklet  “For 
Earlier,  Surer,  Bigger,  More  Profitable 
Market  Crops  —  Germ:  jo  Hotkaps.” 

RECIPES:  Miss  Brewer,  G.  L.  F. 

Family  Food  Specialist 
at  Terrace  Hill  House,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  has 
prepared  a  packet  of  22  recipes  for  yeast 
bread  and  rolls.  The  recipes  are  printed 
on  3  in.  by  5  in.  cards  for  e£sy  filing.  If 
you  would  like  to  have  a  set  of  these 
recipes,  just  drop  a  post  card  to  Miss 
Brewer  at  the  above  address. 


MEAT:  During  1942,  more  meat  ani- 
'noKnai  mats  will  be  slaughtered  on 
farms  than  in  many  years.  This  means 
that  some  housewives  will,  for  the  first 
time,  face  the  task  of  preserving  meat. 
Others,  who  haven’t  cured  meat  for  many 
years,  will  find  some  new  developments 
that  should  be  looked  into.  The  picture 
above  shows  a  ham  getting  its  quota  of 
Morton’s  Sugar  Cure,  manufactured  by 
the  MORTON  SALT  COMPANY,  Chicago, 
Illinois.  For  10c  you  can  get  a  well- 
illustrated  100-page  Meat  Curing  Boftk. 
These  are  available  from  dealers  who 
sell  Morton  products. 


deducted.  Fill  out  this  form  first.  Form 
No.  1040  is  the  usual  one  used  by  every¬ 
one  in  reporting-  income'  from  all 
sources  and  in  figuring  the  amount  of 
tax  you  have  to  pay. 

Records  Needed 

Those  of  our  readers  who  keep  no 
records  or  whose  records  are  incom¬ 
plete  will  encounter  some  difficulty; 
while  those  who,  during  the  past  year, 
have  kept  accurate  records  of  receipts 
and  expenses  will  have  little  trouble. 
If  you  have  not  taken  an  annual  inven¬ 
tory  on  your  farm,  you  will  need  to  do 
that.  Then  you  will  need  to  collect  all 
of  the  farm  records  you  have,  including 
income  from  all  sources  and  expenses 
which  can  logically  be  charged  against 
the  operation  of  the  farm. 

The  law  allows  you  two  methods  of 
filling  out  Form  No.  1040-F.  One  is  on 
the  basis  of  your  cash  receipts  and  ex¬ 
penses  for  the  year.  The  other  is  on  the 
basis  of  two  inventories — one  taken  at 
the  beginning  of  the  year  and  one  at 
the  end.  Because  most  of  our  readers 
will  choose  to  make  their  return  on 
the  basis  of  receipts  and  expenses,  we 
will  say  little  about  the  other  method. 

Looking  forward  to  another  year, 
we  suggest  that  you  secure  a  good 
farm  inventory  book  and  a  farm  ac¬ 
count  book.  Most  State  Colleges  of 
Agriculture  and  County  Farm  Bureaus 
have  excellent  books  which  can  be  se¬ 
cured  at  a  low  cost. 

Under  your  receipts,  you  will  be  re¬ 
quired  to  list: 

1.  Proceeds  from  the  sale  of  live¬ 
stock,  livestock  products,  crops,  and 
other  farm  products. 

2.  Profits  from  sale  of  livestock  or 
farm  products  which  were  purchased. 

3.  Any  miscellaneous  farm  income 
such  as  work  done  off  the  farm. 

If  you  have  an  income  other  than 
that  derived  from  the  farm,  this  will  be 
shown  on  Form  No.  1040  but  not  on 
No.  1040-F. 

As  we  already  mentioned,  all  expen¬ 
ses  necessary  to  operate  the  farm  can 
be  deducted,  including  hired  labor,  feed, 
fertilizer,  seed,  and  containers;  any 
cash  rent  paid;  and  depreciation  on 
farm  buildings,  machinery,  and  equip¬ 
ment.  You  cannot  deduct  as  a  farm 
expense,  depreciation  on  the  house, 
which  is  considered  as  your  dwelling. 
Neither  can  you  deduct  the  value  of 
your  own  labor  or  that  of  your  wife. 
Neither  can  you  charge  the  labor  of 
your  son  as  an  expense  and  at  the 
same  time  claim  a  deduction  for  him 
as  a  dependent. 

Household  living  expenses  are  not  a 
farm  expense  and  are  not  deductable. 
You  are  not  required  to  show  farm 
produce  used  in  the  house  as  income, 
neither  are  you  allowed  to  show  the 
cost  of  raising  produce  used  in  the 
home  as  an  expense. 

How  to  Proceed 

A  casual  reading  of  the  following 
suggestions,  numbered  from  one  to 
eight,  will  mean  little  to  you  now. 
Save  them  until  you  get  your  forms. 
Then  you  will  find  that  a  study  of  them 
is  very  helpful. 

1.  Obtain  three  copies  of  Form  No. 
1040  and  No.  1040-F  from  the  near¬ 
est  office  of  the  Bureau  of  Internal 
Revenue. 

2.  Assemble  all  the  various  records 
that  are  available  concerning  the  farm 
business  for  the  year,  including  can¬ 
celled  checks,  check  books,  bills  or 
statements,  receipts,  barn-door  records, 
and  the  like. 

3.  Decide  on  which  basis  the  report 
is  to  be  made. 

4.  Read  carefully  Forms  No.  1040 
and  No.  1040-F  and  check  all  items 
that  apply. 

5.  Study  the  directions  given  for 
these  items. 


6.  Fill  in  one  set  of  Forms  No.  1040 
and  No.  1040-F  in  pencil  so  that  eras¬ 
ures  can  be  made  easily. 

7.  Check  the  figures  carefully,  not¬ 
ing  the  accuracy  of  each.  Recompute 
all  calculations.  Note  whether  you  have 
answered  all  questions.  Remember  that 
the  Federal  Auditor  will  check  the  re¬ 
turn  carefully,  and  that  it  saves  time 
and  trouble  to  submit  a  correct  return. 

8.  Make  an  ink  copy  on  the  other 
form.  Be  certain  to  keep  the  other 
copy,  as  it  may  be  useful  in  answering 
questions  if  asked  by  the  Federal  Audi¬ 
tor,  and  will  bei  needed  in  preparing 
the  1942  return.  If  you  are  required  to 
make  a  state  income  tax  return,  make 
another  copy  to  file  with  your  state 
report. 

Figuring  Depreciation 

If,  as  we  expect,  you  use  the  cash 
income  and  expense  method  of  making 
your  return,  you  can  disregard  page  2 
of  Form  No.  1040-F;  but  on  page  3  of 
the  Form  you  will  find  a  section  headed 
“Depreciation.”  Here,  numbered  from 
one  to  six,  are  definite  suggestions  for 
figuring  your  depreciation.  Save  them 
until  you  get  the  blanks.  Then  study 
them  carefully. 

1.  Record  on  a  piece  of  scratch  pa¬ 
per  the  value  of  the  real  estate  at  the 
time  it  was  acquired  (cost  if  purchased, 
market  value  if  inherited).  If  acquired 
before  March  1,  1913  (the  date  the  in¬ 
come  tax  law  first  became  effective), 
use  the  market  value  on  that  date  or 
the  cost,  less  depreciation  of  improve¬ 
ments.  It  is  to  the  taxpayer’s  advant¬ 
age  to  use  the  larger  of  the^e  two 
figures. 

2.  Separate  the  value  of  the  real 
estate  into  the  values  of  the  land,  the 
dwelling  house,  other  farm  buildings, 
fences,  drains,  ditches,  that  together 
make  up  the  total.  The  land  and  the 
dwelling  house  are  not  considered  sub¬ 
ject  to  depreciation,  but  depreciation 
may  be  taken  on  the  other  assets. 
Divide  these  other  assets  into  groups 
having  the  same  length  of  life.  For  ex¬ 
ample,  if  all  of  the  barns  have  an  es¬ 
timated  life  of  twenty-five  years,  put 
them  in  one  group.  The  fences  may  be 
put  into  another  group. 

3.  List  the  machinery  and  farming 
equipment  in  groups  with  the  same 
estimated  length  of  life.  You  are  now 
ready  to  transfer  this  information  to 
the  table  “Depreciation”  on  page  3  of 
Form  No.  1040-F. 

4.  List  all  improvements  to  real 
estate  and  equipment  subject  to  de¬ 
preciation  in  the  first  column.  Work 
stock  and  dairy  equipment  may  also  be 
listed  here.  Fill  in  the  rest  of  the  col¬ 
umns.  Columns  1,  2,  3  and  7  should  be 
the  same  on  your  report  each  year,  ex¬ 
cept  for  the  addition  of  new  capital  im¬ 
provements  or  for  the  omission  of  im¬ 
provements  which  have  been  written 
off.  The  total  of  amounts  in  columns  5 
and  6  should  equal  the  amount  in  col¬ 
umn  3. 

5.  Calculate  the  depreciation  for  the 
year  by  dividing  “estimated  life”  (col¬ 
umn  7)  into  “cost”  (column  3). 

6.  Repairs  are  annually  recurring  ex¬ 
penses.  They  are  to  be  distinguished 
from  the  capital  improvements  of  long 
life.  Thus,  a  coating  of  paint  or  white¬ 
wash,  or  the  replacement  of  a  broken 
window  pane  is  a  repair,  and  hence  an 
expense;  but  a  new  roof  or  a  new  shed 
is  a  capital  improvement  ,and  should 
be  listed  in  the  first  column  as  subject 
to  depreciation. 

Begin  Now 

The  two  blanks  necessary  for  your 
income  tax  return  should  not  be  filled 
out  hastily,  especially  if  this  is  the  first 
time  you  have  filled  out  a  return.  It  is 
going  to  take  a  little  time.  Therefore 
get  your  blanks  now  and  get  at  the 
job  of  filling  them  out  right  away. 


IT  (97) 


American  Agriculturist,  January  31,  1942 


C7<4e  ManJzet  BaAx^meteA 


Hoard  at  the  Milk  Hearings 

ECENT  hearings  on  the  Federal- 
State  Milk  Marketing  Order  for 
the  metropolitan  area  occupied  well  to¬ 
ward  three  weeks.  Testimony  in  the 
form  of  facts  and  figures  given  at  the 
hearings  is  to  be  studied  by  officials 
of  State  and  Federal  Departments  of 
Agriculture  before  amendments  are 
actually  submitted  to  dairymen  for  ap¬ 
proval. 

These  hearings,  required  by  law  be¬ 
fore  amendments  are  submitted,  seem 
a  slow,  cumbersome  method  of  getting 
the  necessary  changes,  particularly 
changes  in  price.  Therefore,  the  Young 
Committee  has  proposed  some  form  of 
automatic  price  adjustment.  Such  an 
amendment,  if  approved,  would  auto¬ 
matically  change  the  Class  I  price  of 
milk  to  keep  it  in  step  with  production 
costs.  This  would  make  the  holding 
of  frequent  hearings  unnecessary  ex¬ 
cept  as  changing  conditions  made  it 
advisable  to  change  other  provisions 
of  the  Order. 

Nothing  is  certain  at  this  writing. 
While  we  do  not  wish  to  pose  as 
prophets,  it  seems  safe  to  make  a  few 
predictions: 

1.  The  Class  I  price  of  milk  will  not 
be  allowed  to  go  back  to  $2.20  on 
April  1. 

2.  The  amendments  proposed  will 
not  please  everyone. 

3.  The  amendments  as  submitted 
will  be  approved  by  the  necessary  ma¬ 
jority. 

An  amendment  to  the  Class  I  price 
structure  is  essential.  Dairymen  are 
being  urged  day  and  night  to  increase 
production.  They  are  patriotic,  but 
with  costs  of  production  increasing,  a 
fair  price  is  necessary  if  dairymen  are 
to  pay  their  bills  and  stay  in  business. 
Government  officials  realize  this  in 
spite  of  hysterical  testimony  by  city 
consumer  groups  as  to  the  necessity 
for  cheap  milk.  Never  before  were 
the'se  consumer  witnesses  so  well  or¬ 
ganized  as  they  were  at  the  Brooklyn 
hearing.  The  ■  gist  of  .their  story  was 
that  other  food  costs  are  climbing  and, 
therefore,  that  milk  must  be  cheap. 
Some  of  them  seem  to  feel  that  dairy¬ 
men  are  close  to  becoming  traitors 
when  they  demand  a  living  price  for 
milk.  There  were  the  usual  claims  that 
producers  should  get  more  and  con¬ 
sumers  should  pay  less — claims  which 
dairymen,  through  bitter  experience, 
have  learned  to  take  with  several 
grains  of  salt. 

It  was  evident  that  much  consumer 
testimony  was  fostered  by  the  Consum¬ 
ers’  Council,  located  in  the  U.  S.  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture.  It  seems  odd 
that  two  groups  of  the  same  Depart¬ 
ment  are  at  cross  purposes — one  striv¬ 
ing  to  give  farmers  a  just  price;  the 
other  using  its  efforts  to  hold  prices 
down. 

There  was  some  testimony  in  op¬ 
position  to  including  smaller  cities  in 
New  York,  .New  Jersey  and  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  in  the  Order.  Representatives 
from  the  State  of  New  Jersey  were 
especially  vigorous  in  their  opposition. 
As  explained  in  the  last  issue  of  Am¬ 
erican  Agriculturist,  the  intended  ob¬ 
ject  of  the  proposal  is  to  require  the 
smaller  cities  to  carry  their  just  share 
of  the  milk  sold  in  lower  classifica¬ 
tions. 

New  York  City  officials  are  determin¬ 
ed  to  contract  the  Milk  Shed  one  way 
or  another.  The  latest  proposal  is  to 
refuse  inspection  to  dairymen  deliver¬ 
ing  to  certain  plants  which  ship  a 
small  proportion  of  their  yearly  supply 
to  New  York  City  as  Class  I  milk. 
This  would  be  ruinous  to  individual 


dairymen  scattered  all  over  the  Milk 
Shed. 

Testimony  was  given  both  for  and 
against  the  proposed  change  in  co¬ 
operative  payments.  Those  opposing 
the  proposition  appealed  to  dairymen 
who  do  not  belong  to  cooperatives  or 
who  belong  to  the  smaller  groups  on 
the  ground  that  cooperative  payments 
to  larger  groups,  such  as  Dairymen’s 
League,  would  be  taken  out  of  the 
pockets  of  all  dairymen.  On  the  oth¬ 
er  hand,  there  is  no  question  but  that 
many  cooperatives  do  perform  serv¬ 
ices  that  benefit  the  entire  Milk  Shed 
and  that  they  cannot  continue  to  do 
that  indefinitely  out  of,  their  own 
pockets.  Fair  payments  to  these  co¬ 
operatives  is  the  logical  answer. 

It  is  evident  that  no  one  could  write 
a  group  of  amendments  that  would 
please  everybody.  When  you  come  to 
vote  on  the  amendments,  it  is  essential 
that  you  consider  the  Order  as  a  whole 
and  the  welfare  of  dairymen  as  a 
whole,  rather  than  to  throw  out  the 
window  all  of  the  benefits  of  the  Order 
because  some  one  section  does  not 
agree  with  your  ideas.  We  have  too 
many  cross  purposes,  too  many  jeal¬ 
ousies  in  this  milk  marketing  game. 
Every  dairyman  has  a  right  to  his  own 
opinion,  but  an  Order  which  gives  the 
greatest  good  to  the  greatest  number 
should  be  the  aim  of  all. 

It  is  never  too  early,  by  the  way,  to 
look  ahead  a  few  years.  ,  When  this 
war  is  over,  there  will  be  a  great  need 
for  a  united  dairy  industry.  If  you 
belong  to  a  cooperative,  support  it.  If 
you  do  not  belong  to  a  cooperative, 
join  one.  Only  by  united  effort  can 
dairymen  continue  to  secure  that  “liv¬ 
ing  price  for  milk”  which  is  their  just 
right. 

— a.  a. — 

Milk  Prices 

The  December  uniform  price  for  milk 
in  the  New  York  City  market  was 
$2.75,  about  40%  above  December  last 
year. 

The  December  pool  this  year  contain¬ 
ed  444,681,836  lbs.  of  milk,  9%  more 
than  December  last  year  and  worth 
over  $12,000,000. 

As  compared  to  a  year  earlier,  more 
December  milk  was  used  in  manufac¬ 
tured  products.  The  volume  going  into 
butter  was  up  247%  compared  with 
December  a  year  ago;  over  34,000,000 
lbs.  of  milk  was  made  into  evaporated 
milk,  and  2,250,000  lbs.  into  condensed 
milk. 

Class  prices  for  December  were  as 
follows:  Class  I,  $3.11;  Class  I  outside 
the  marketing  area  (non-federal), 
$2.95;  Class  I  relief,  $2.54;  Class  I  out¬ 
side  the  marketing  area  (federal), 
$3,151;  Class  II- A,  $2,944;  Class  Il'-B, 
$2,674;  Class  II-C,  $2,429;  Class  III, 
$2,329;  Class  IV- A,  $1,845;  and  Class 
IV-B,  $2,174. 

The  Rochester  upiform  price  for 
December  was  $2.73.  Producers  who 
delivered  direct  to  plants  were  also  paid 
a  20c  differential. 

The  uniform  price  for  December 
milk  in  the  Buffalo  area  was  $2.72,  and 
producers  delivering  direct  to  plants 
were  also  paid  a  15c  differential. 

— a.  a. — 

Buffalo  Milk  Producers 
Cooperate 

At  Arcade,  in  Erie  County,  New 
York,  on  January  9,  the  Buffalo  Milk 
Producers  Cooperative  Association, 
selling  milk  in  the  city  of  Buffalo,  held 
one  of  the  best  annual  meetings  of 
farmers  that  I  have  attended  in  some 
time. 

In  1939  there  were  only  185  members. 
In  1941  there  are  260,  over  half  of 


whom  are  interested  enough  in  their 
business  to  attend  the  annual  meeting. 
The  number  of  pounds  of  milk  handled 
by  the  Association  and  the  total  receiv¬ 
ed  for  that  milk  have  doubled  since 
1939.  Reports  of  the  President,  Hugh 
A.  Scott,  and  of  Carl  W.  Miller,  Secre¬ 
tary  and  Treasurer,  showed  the  Asso¬ 
ciation  to  be  in  excellent  condition  both 
financially  and  in  the  confidence  and 
support  of  its  members. — E.  R.  E. 

— a.  a. — 

Market  Briefs 

EGG-FEED  RATIO  —  About  the  mid¬ 
dle  of  January  it  took  7  doz.  eggs  to 
buy  100  lbs.  of  feed.  There  was  no 
change  in  the  figure  from  a  month 
earlier,  but  last  year  it  required  9.5 
doz.  eggs  to  buy  100  lbs.  of  poultry 
feed;  two  years  ago,  9.2  doz.  Top 
wholesale  price  for  eggs  in  New  York 
City  about  the  middle  of  the  month 
was  36  y2c;  a  year  earlier,  22c;  two 
years  ago,  24  %c. 

BUTTER  HOLDINGS— On  January  1, 
U.  S.  cold  storage  holdings  of  butter 
totaled  114,611,000  lbs.,  compared  to 
41,497,000  lbs.  a  year  earlier  and  a  five- 
year  average  January  1  holdings  of 
65,983,000  lbs.  Of  the  amount  held  on 
January  1,  nearly  6,000,000  lbs.  were 
in  government  hands. 

POTATOES — Maine  estimates  that  by 
February  1  the  state  will  have  ship¬ 
ped  17,000  cars  of  potatoes  as  com¬ 
pared  with  about  13,000  at  the  same 
time  a  year  ago.  On  the  other  hand, 


j  aggy  WGY  Farm 

I  Yj&m  PROGRAMS  j 

\  <>  ■■»!  ii  ■ ■■ ,,  na,* ,,  —nn>  ■— » o ■«—» O  «»  '■*** 

Monday,  February  2nd 
12:3.5 — “Wind,  Winter  and  Windbreaks,” 
Prof.  Floyd  E.  Carlson. 

12:45 — “Production  for  Defense,”  Salem 
Chapter,  Future  Farmers  of  America. 

Tuesday,  February  3rd 
12:35 — “The  Annual  Battle  with  the  In¬ 
come  Tax,”  N.  Y.  Bankers  Association. 

12:45 — Homemaker’s  Council,  “Let’s 
Worry  About  Somebody  Else,”  Saratoga 
County  Home  Bureau. 

Wednesday,  February  4th 

12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“The  Farmer’s  Partner  in  Defense,”  Ed 
W.  Mitchell. 

12 :45 — Countryside  Talk,  Jared  Van 
Wagenen,  Jr. 

Thursday,  February  5th 
12:35 — “A  Test  for  Farm  Folks,”  E.  K. 
Hanks. 

12 :45 — Soil  Conservation  Service. 

Friday,  February  6th 
12:35 — “Between  You  and  Me,”  H.  R. 
Waugh. 

12:45 — The  Home  Efficient,  “At  Home — 
24  Hours  on  Fridays,”  J.  H.  Van  Aernam. 

Saturday,  February  7th 
12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “I  Believe 
in  Assuming  Responsibility,”  Washington 
County  (N.  Y.)  4-H  Clubs. 

12:45 — Grange  Views  and  News,  “It’s 
Time  for  Economy  in  Government,” 
Dutchess  Pomona  Grange. 

Monday,  February  9th 
12:35 — “Abe  Auctions  Worth  Attend¬ 
ing?”  Prof.  P.  R.  Hoff. 

12:45 — Parents  on  Trial,  “Youth  and  the 
Keys  to  the  Car,”  Dr.  W.  H.  Hartley. 

Tuesday,  February  10th 
12:35 — “From  Red  to  Black  in  Produce 
Profits,”  Richard  Creek. 

12:45 — Homemaker’s  Council,  “How 
Shall  We  Interpret  the  War  to  Our  Chil¬ 
dren?” 

Wednesday,  February  11th 
12:35— Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
Ed  W.  Mitchell. 

12:45 — Countryside  Talk,  Judge  Berne 
A.  Pyrke. 

Thursday,  February  12th 
12:35 — “Checking  Up  on  the  Roughage 
Supply,”  J.  A.  McKee. 

12:45 — Farm  Security  Administration. 

Friday,  February  13th 
12:35 — Panel  Discussion,  “What’s  Be¬ 
come  of  Relief?” 

Saturday,  February  14th 
12:35 — WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “I  Believe 
in  Consideration  of  Others,”  Schenectady 
County  (N.  Y.)  4-H  Clubs. 

12:45 — Grange  Views  and  News,  “To 
Establish  Justice,”  Warren  Pomona 
Grange. 


movement  into  starch  factories  has 
been  much  below  a  year  ago.  Maine 
growers  are  reported  as  optimistic  over 
the  outlook  for  potato  prices. 

ONIONS — On  January  1,  the  govern¬ 
ment  estimated  that  24%  fewer  onions 
were  in  the  hands  of  growers  and  deal¬ 
ers  than  on  the  same  date  last  year. 
Figures  this  year  are  2,991,000  100-lb. 
sacks;  last  year,  3,942,000  sacks.  Janu¬ 
ary  1  stocks  this  year  were  smallest 
since  1935.  New  York  holdings  totaled 
758,000  sacks;  last  year,  1,232,000. 

CABBAGE — On  January  1,  New  York 
State  had  a  good  proportion  of  U.  S. 
cabbage  in  storage,  with  56,540  tons, 
compared  with  49,970  tons  last  year. 

BEANS — January  1  stocks  of  beans  in 
the  U.  S.  totaled  over  13,000,000  bags. 
Total  U.  S.  bean  crop  .this  year  was 
18,788,000  bags;  last  year,  16,943,000 
bags;  ten-year  average,  13,297,000. 

FARM  WAGES — The  December  index 
of  New  York  State  farm  prices  was 
11%  below  the  average  of  years  from 
1925  to  1927.  Farm  wages  showed  in¬ 
creases  varying  from  29  %  to  41  %  over 
last  year.  Monthly  farm  wages,  includ¬ 
ing  board,  averaged  $43  per  month  on 
January  1;  monthly  men  without  board 
but  with  usual  privileges,  $62.25; 
wages  per  day  with  board,  $2.40. 

MILK  PRODUCTION— U.  S.  milk  pro¬ 
duction  in  1942  is  expected  to  be  4% 
higher  than  in  1941.  Production  in  the 
last  six  months  of  1941  was  about  5% 
above  the  same  months  in  1940  and 
about  %  of  this  increase  was  used  in 
making  cheese  and  evaporated  milk. 
About  125  new  U.  S.'  cheese  factories 
were  started  last  year,  but  necessary 
metals  to  start  new  plants  are  now 
lacking. 

SANE  REGULATION  —  Dr.  Thomas 
Parran,  U.  S.  Surgeon-General,  has  ap¬ 
peal^  to  health  officials  to  eliminate 
too  stringent  and  unnecessary  require¬ 
ments  for  milk.  Dr.  Parran  points  out 
that  some  regulations  which  might  be 
reasonable  under  normal  conditions  are 
difficult  to  meet  now  and  are  not  es¬ 
sential.  Dairymen  will  say  “amen”  to 
Dr.  Parran’s  suggestion. 

APPLES — January  1  U.  S.  cold  stor¬ 
age  holdings  of  apples  totaled  25,712,- 
000  bu.,  the  lightest  January  1  hold¬ 
ings  since  1937,  and  3,000,000  bu.  below 
holdings  a  year  ago.  New  York  figures 
are  3,845,000  bu.  this  year  compared 
to  4,215,000  bu.  last  year. 

— a.  a. — 

Corn  Supply  Up;  Oats  Down 

Stocks  of  corn  on  U.  S.  farms  Janu¬ 
ary  1,  1942,  were  2,012,138,000  bushels, 
the  highest  January  1  stocks  in  the 
16  years  of  record.  Stocks  on  Janu¬ 
ary  1,  1941  were  1,837,512,000  bushels. 
The  previous  high  was  1940  with  1,- 
914,184,000  bushels.  In  the  Com  Belt 
where  large  amounts  of  the  1940  and 
previous  com  crops  were  carried  over, 
stocks  continue  unusually  heavy.  This 
is  especially  true  in  Iowa,  Minnesota, 
and  Nebraska  where  resealing  of  old 
corn  on  government  loans  was  most  ex¬ 
tensive.  The  January  1  carry-over  in 
the  Northeastern  States  is  slightly 
larger  than  that  of  last  year. 

Farm  stocks  of  oats  on  January  1, 
1942,  are  estimated  to  be  749,417,000 
bushels  or  5.8  per  cent  smaller  than  a 

year  earlier _ Walter  E.  Piper. 

— a.  a. — 

Shortage  of  Egg  Cases  —  Frank  D. 
Reed,  poultry  specialist  of  the  Exten¬ 
sion  Service  suggests  that  any  persons 
having  in  their  possession  egg  ship¬ 
ping  cases  should  see  that  they  are  put 
into .  the  regular  channels  of  trade,  as 
there  is  at  present  a  great  shortage. 
Retailers  may  have  some  on  hand  that 
have  been  overlooked.  Military  camps, 
CCC  camps,  and  lumber  camps  may 
have  a  supply.  The  possibility  of  pro¬ 
ducing  such  cases  in  Maine  manufac¬ 
turing  plants  is  being  investigated. 

— Vincent  Canham. 


(98)  IS 


American  Agriculturist,  January  31,  1942 


'VITAMINS  FOR  RESULTS?^ 
Borden’s  Special  Concentrates 
For  Feeds  Have  Them!" 


and  from  milk’s  whey  fraction  are  brought 
to  Poultrymen  when  the  Feed  Manufacturer 
uses  FLAYDRY  D  and  RATI  ON -AY  D. 


,  *,  SPECIAL  PRODUCTS 

/'JOHlCtKj  DIVISION 

350  MADISON  AVE.,  NEW  YORK,  N.Y. 
Concentrators  of  Milk  Solids-Manufacturers 
of  Vitamin  A  and  Vitamin  D  Concentrates 


More  to  Enjoy .  Less  to  Pay 


1.  The  Atmosphere,  Comforts,  and 
Delightful  Activities  Invite  Longer  Stays. 

2.  A  Really  Moderate  Scale  of  Rates 
Makes  Longer  Stays  Possible. 

Wire  or  write  for  full  information  concerning  this 
thoroughly  modern,  perfectly  delightful  resort 
hotel.  One  of  the  finest  on  Florida's  West  Coast. 
Excellent  fishing,  golf,  bathing,  every  pleasure. 
Social  hostess.  Ideal  for  the  long  stayer. 


A  Collier  Florida  Hotel 
GEORGE  H.  MASON,  President 
HAROLD  H.  WALKER,  Manager 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 


184-Acre  Cayuga  Co.  Dairy  &  Crop  Farm 

On  macadam  highway,  1  mile  from  railroad  village; 
school  bus  provides  transportation  to  centralized  school; 
numerous  public  services  including  power  line.  100  ft. 
gambrel  roofed  barn,  concrete  basement  stable,  30-cow 
capacity,  silo,  milk  house.  Bungalow  type  house,  liv¬ 
able  but  not  in  keeping  with  other  buildings  and  farm. 
Possibly  would  warrant  building  new  home'.  $3000.. 
Liberal  financing. 

FEDERAL  LAND  BANK,  t  SPRING  FIELD,  MASS. 


Operating  Columbia  County  Farm 

On  a  year  round  road,  20  min.  to  a  city :  100a  for 
crops,  60a  spring  and  stream-watered  pasture,  30a  wood; 
good  9  rms,  furnace,  elec.,  running  water,  fireplace. 
30x50  dairy  barn,  poultry  house;  $6500,  terms,  includ¬ 
ing  8  cows,  6  heifers,  2  horses,  tools;  pg.  23  big  Free 
catalog  1290  bargains  many  States. 

STROUT  REALTY,  255-R  4th  Ave.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


TURKEYS 

mini  ITV  Dnill  TQ  5  Bcst  Breeds.  Blood  Tested 
I  I  FUUL  I  O  Breeders.  Priced  Reasonable. 
Circular.  SEIDELTON  FARMS,  Washingtonville,  Pa. 


GEESE 


EMBDEN  GEESE  AND  GANDERS.  $4  each.  Beauties. 
Collie  Pups,  $10,  $5.  P.  McCullough,  Mercer.  Pa. 


you’re 

moving 


you  will  want  the  address  on 
your  paper  changed.  On  a  postal 
card  or  by  letter  write  us  your 
old  and  your  new  address. 


CIRCULATION  DEPARTMENT, 

10  North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


Mid- Winter  Poultry 
Impressions  .a  a.  Weo^. 


ON  JANUARY  15  I  was  in  Herki¬ 
mer  County  and  spent  the  day 
with  County  Agent  Jack  White  visit¬ 
ing  nine  poultry  keepers.  Some  had  a 
few  hundred  birds,  some  a  few  thou¬ 
sand.  The  next  day  I  visited  places  in 
Oneida  County  with  Assistant  County 
Agent  Hislop.  I  received  some  distinct 

impressions.  Some 
of  them  may  be  of 
interest  to  readers. 

I  wished  both 
days  that  I  had 
brought  along  my 
old  heavy  over¬ 
coat,  and  had  put 
on  an  extra  pair 
of  sox.  It  was 
really  cold  and  the 
wind  was  blowing 
on  some  of  them 
thar  hills.  But  the 
sun  was  shining. 

We  found  prac¬ 
tically  no  disease 
worries.  That  is  a 
surprising  and  en¬ 
couraging  fact.  I 
am  not  trying  to 
waiting  with  my 
fingers  crossed  to  see  if  it  will  last. 
The  winter  is  not  over  and  it’s  a  long 
time  until  the  end  of  the  year.  Of 
course,  there  are  some  losses.  Pick- 
outs  are  still  too  frequent. 

Production  is  generally  much  higher 
than  it  used  to  be  in  winter.  A  flock 
that  is  laying  a  mere  50  per  cent  is  a 
bunch  of  pikers.  It  wasn’t  so  long  ago 
that  we  thought  50  per  cent  was  pret¬ 
ty  good.  Now  you  hear  of  70  and 
even  80  per  cent  production  in  the  most 
casual  way,  as  though  there  is  just 
nothing  to  it.  The  years  of  effort  to 
produce  better-bred  birds,  better  ra¬ 
tions,  better  houses  and  better  methods 
of  management  are  hearing  fruit. 

Speaking  of  better  houses;  I  am  sold 
more  than  ever  on  the  insulated  house 
that  really  is  insulated.  On  a  zero 
day  you  will  see  a  great  difference  in 
activity  of  the  birds  when  you  go  from 
a  “cold”  house  to  one  with  4  inches  or 
more  of  shavings,  sawdust  or  other 
good  insulation  around  and  above  them. 

-  ■  1,1  —  I  ■  -  ■  Ml  III  “■  I 

Our  Chick  Rearing 
Contest 

NTRIES  in  the  Chick  Rearing 
Contest,  announced  on  Page 
3  of  the  January  17  issue,  are 
now  pouring  in.  There  is  still 
time  to  enroll  in  this  contest. 
Here  are  the  rules: 

1.  Contestants  must  be  sub¬ 
scribers  to  American  Agricultur¬ 
ist.  Any  member  of  a  subscrib¬ 
er’s  family  may  enter. 

2.  To  compete  in  the  contest, 
chicks  must  be  purchased  before 
June  1,  1942. 

3.  To  be  eligible,  a  contestant 
must  purchase  at  least  100  chicks. 

4.  When  the  pullets  are  five 
months  old,  contestants  must  fill 
out  and  submit  report  blanks, 
which  we  will  furnish. 

5.  The  decisions  of  the  judges 
will  be  final. 

Sixty-five  dollars  are  offered 
in  prizes,  with  $25.00  for  first, 
$10.00  for  second,  and  fifteen 
other  prizes  of  $2.00  each.  In 
addition,  everyone  who  finishes 
the  contest  will  get  a  special 
prize.  This  is  a  unique  handle 
fitted  with  a  safety  razor  blade, 
which  sells  at  retail  stores  for 
50c. 

Read  the  announcement  in  the 
last  issue,  and  use  the  enrollment 
blank  which  you  will  find  there. 
Send  it  to  American  Agriculturist 
Chick  Rearing  Contest,  Box  367, 
Ithaca,  New  York. 

~nn  i -  —  ii  in  ■  i  niLf  •  me — i—i ' 


The  problem  of  watering  the  birds  is 
much  less  in  the  warmer  house,  and 
that  means  a  lot. 

Built-up  litter  is  really  working  out. 
I  think  that  was  my  most  satisfying 
impression.  It  is  not  perfect.  There 
are  drawbacks.  Take  the  man  whose 
pullets  were  laying  around  75  per  cent 
and  eating  and  drinking  to  beat  that 
record.  In  spite  of  daily  stirring  with 
a  fork  and  frequent  additions  of  straw 
the  litter  was  far  from  dusty,  but  it 
wasn’t  soggy  either.  He  is  going  to 
remove  the  litter  from  the  dampest  end 
of  the  room,  spread  the  rest  evenly 
and  add  dry  straw.  Where  production 
was  not  so  high,  or  where  birds  were 
not  so  numerous  the  litter  was  deep 
and  dusty,  even  in  “cold”  houses.  I 
believe  that  the  combination  of  good 
ventilation  and  built-up  litter  is  a  most 
helpful  discovery. 

— a.  a. — 

Hungry  Hens  Go  on  Strike 

E  PAY  WELL  for  lessons  learn¬ 
ed  from  experience,  but  we  never 
have  to  learn  the  lesson  a  second  time. 
Dame  Experience  has  recently  exact¬ 
ed  about  $25.00  from  me  for  one  lesson, 
and,  boy,  will  I  remember  it! 

I  had  been  buying  feed  sufficient  for 
just  one  week  at  a  time.  One  day  the 
feed  was  not  delivered  until  late  at 
night,  and  for  twenty-four  hours  the 
hens  had  absolutely  no  feed  at  all. 
Now,  I  could  fast  for  twenty-four  hours 
and  never  mind  it,  even  rejoice  that  I 
was  reducing  a  little;  but  hens  are  dif¬ 
ferent.  On  the  third  day  following, 
production  began  to  drop,  gradually 
slipping  from  94  to  27  per  day.  Each 
night  I  sorrowfully  wrote  down  the 
amount  I  had  lost  that  day.  In  the 
four  weeks  before  the  hens  got  back 
to  normal,  I  had  lost  more  than  $25.00. 
Now,  and  forever  more,  I  am  ordering 
two  or  more  extra  bags  of  feed  per 
week,  “Penny  wise,  pound  foolish.” 

A  year  and  a  half  ago,  my  three 
sons,  in  their  spare  time,  built  me  a  fine 
20  x  40  foot  laying  house.  The  oldest 
boy  said  he  would  put  a  double  window 
in  the  east  end  so  “two  men  could 
shovel  litter  out'  at  the  same  time.” 
I  answered,  “More  likely  it  will  be  one 
woman!”  Today,  that  happy-hearted 
son  is  in  the  service  of  his  country  iA 
Greenland,  the  second  son  is  mar¬ 
ried,  and  third  is  engaged  in  de¬ 
fense  work  in  another  state.  And  the 
one  woman?  Well,  I  shoveled  out  four 
wheel-barrow  loads  of  the  dusty  stuff; 
then  washed  my  face,  sat  down,  and 
decided  to  have  a  “built-up  litter”  such 
as  I  have  been  reading  about  in  the 
poultry  papers.  While  the  name  is 
new  to  me,  the  idea  is  not.  In  fact,  I 
consider  myself  a  pioneer  “litter-build- 
er-upper.”  In  my  barn  poultry  quar¬ 
ters  I  have  a  litter  that  I  have  built 
up  for  some  years,  and  it  is  still  going 
strong.  Right  now,  125  contented  hens 
are  wallowing  in  this  rich  old  litter 
and  giving  79%  production.  I  wouldn’t 
dare  take  it  away  from  them! 

More  and  more  the  men  and  boys 
are  leaving  the  farms,  so  if  there  is 
any  dirty  work  to  be  done,  I  guess  we 
“gals”  will  have  to  do  it.  A  few  years 
ago  I  thought  cleaning  dropping 
boards  was  one  of  those  things  no  lady 
should  do.  Now,  though  I  am  much 
nearer  the  Old  Age  Pension,  I  not  only 
clean  the  dropping  boards,  but  have 
wheeled  about  forty  wheel-barrow  loads 
of  the  what-you-call-it  out  and  spread 
it  on  my  75  x  100  foot  garden.  I  bet 
things  will  grow  there  next  year  for 
sure. 

Cleaning  hen  houses  is  certainly  not 
as  pleasant  as  sitting  in  a  cozy  room 
embroidering  or  reading;  but  at  the 
( Continued  on  opposite  page) 


L.  E.  Weaver 

explain  it.  Just 


Baby  ^  Chicks 


FOR  BETTER 
EGG-FEED  RATIO 


Heavy-laying  pullets  developed  from 
Kerr’s  Lively  Chicks  consume  no  more 
feed  than  less  productive  birds.  But 
what  a  difference  this  Kerr  produc¬ 
tivity  means  in  establishing  a  satisfac¬ 
tory  balance  between  your  income  and 
today’s  increased  cost  of  feed! 

Kerr  quality  is  the  result  of  no 
miracle.  Annually,  Kerr  experts  cull, 
band  and  blood-test  120,000  breeders 
in  a  scientific  program  which  is  now 
in  its  34th  year.  100%  live  delivery 
guaranteed.  All  popular 
breeds,  crosses  and  sexed 
White  Leghorns. 

Write  today  for  free  literature, 
advance  order  discount  offer. 

Kerr  Chickeries 


21  RAILROAD  AYE.,  FRENCHTOWN,  N.  J. 

There’s  a  branch  office  near  you— call  today 
New  Jersey  New  York  Pennsylvania 

Jamesburg  Binghamton  Dunmore 

Paterson  Blue  Point,  L.l.  Lancaster 

Woodbury  East  Syracuse  Lewistown 

Massachusetts  Kingston  Connecticut 

W.  Springfield  Middletown  Danbury 

Delaware  Schenectady 

Selbyville  (Address  Dept.  21) 


90,000  BREEDERS 
State  Pullorum  Tested 

REDBIRD  FARM  has  grown  from  a  flock  of  48  birds 
into  a  mighty  breeding  institution.  All  Our  Hatching 
Eggs  are  produced  on  our  own  300-acre  farm. 
Delighted  customers  are  _  continually  reporting ; 

3-lb.  Broilers  at  10  weeks 
50%  Production  of  24-oz.  Eggs 
from  6-month  Pullets. 

98%  Livability  Guaranteed  First  4  Weeks  on 

Champion,  Grade-A.  and  Grade-B  chicks. 
RHODE  ISLAND  REDS  —  Our  original  strain. 

State  Contest  records  up  to  334  eggs.  * 
NEW  HAM  PSH  I  RES— Blend  of  finest  New  England 
"trains,  bred  and  selected  for  two  years. 
ROCK-RED  CROSS— For  Barred  Broilers,  Boasters. 
RED-ROCK  Sex-Link  CROSS— For  Dark  Pullets. 

BAKRED  Cockerels,  Sexes  separated. 
BARRED  ROCKS — Bred  to  full  Stanford  weight. 
WHITE  LEGHORNS — Large  type,  large  eggs. 
SEXED  CHICKS — 95%  Accuracy  Guaranteed.  _ 
Write  for  free  Catalog  and  Price  List. 

REDBIRD  FARM,  Wre£,  nMass. 

World’s  Largest  R.  I.  Red  Breeding  Farm. 


CHERRY  HILL  CHICKS 


Twenty-Five  years  of  Breeding  and  Hatching  Experi¬ 
ence,  Assures  you  the  highest  duality.  Tested  for  B.VV.D. 
Postage  Paid.  Catalog  FREE.  Live  Delivery. 

Pullets  Guar.  95%  Accurate.  Per  100  100  100 

BIG  R.OP.  SIRED  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls. 

white  Leghorns  _ $  8. 50  $16.00  $3.00 

White  or  Barred  Rocks _  9.50  13.00  8.00 

New’  Hamps.  or  S.C.  R.  I.  Reds..  10.50  15.00  7.00 
Less  than  100  add  lc  per  chick.  Also  Started  Chicks. 

CHERRY  HILL  POULTRY  FARM, 

Wm.  Nace,  (Prop.)  Box  A.  McALI STE R V I LLE,  PA. 


Shellenberger’s  S.  C.  White  Leghorns 

Heavy  producers  of  large  White  eggs.  R.O.P. 
Sired  Chicks — Sexed  Pullets,  95%  Sex  guarantee 
— Day  Old  Cockerels.  Write  for  prices  and  Catalog. 
C.  M.  SHELLENBERGER’S  POULTRY  FARM 
Bax  37,  Richfield,  Pa. 


TARBELL  FARMS  WHITE  LEGHORN  BABY  CHICKS. 

Breeders  carefully  selected  for  size,  production  and 
health.  Pullorum  test  negative.  Kimber  strain. 

TARBELL  FARMS.  SM ITH VI LLE  FLATS.  N.  Y. 


CHICKS;  Barred  Rocks,  White  Leghorns.  Also  White 
Holland  Turkey  Poults.  Pullorutn  Taststi.  Write  for  prices. 
H.  T.  Tillotson,  H  igh'and  Poultry  Fans,  Kins  Ferry,  N.Y. 


American  Agriculturist,  January  31,  1942 


19  (99) 


OUR  GUARANTEE.  You  need  have  no  hesitation  in  sending  money  to  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  baby  cihick  advertiser*.  If  they  fall  to  »end  the  chick*  to  you, 
your  money  will  be  refunded.  We  require  every  advertiser  to  stand  back  of  statements  made  in  the  advertisement.  Obviously  no  one  can  guarantee  that  chicks  will 
live.  To  take  advantage  of  our  guarantee  it  is  necessary,  when  writing  advertisers,  to  say,  Ml  saw  your  advertisement  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST.'* 


J 


AID  NATIONAL 
DEFENSE  with 


HAWS 

QUALITY 

CHICKS 

for  increased  Egg  Production 

Sec.  of  Agriculture  Wickard  has  asked  for  the 
production  of  4,00.0,000  dozen  eggs  in  1942. 
This  is  a  big  job  for  the  poultrymen  of 
America,  but  you  can  help  do  your  part  with 
HALL’S  Quality  CHICKS — chicks  from  stock 
that  has  been  bred  for  high  production. 
The  majority  of  our  flocks  are  headed  by 
males  from  R.O.P.  or  pedigree  sources,  and 
our  program  of  feeding  and  selective  breed¬ 
ing  results  in  high  production  of  large,  good 
quality  eggs. 

Step  up  your  egg  production  with  Hall’s 
Quality  Chicks.  ORDER  NOW  —  You  still 
have  time  if  you  hurry  — 

6%  Discount  on  orders  for 
Hall  Chicks  received  before 
Feb.  1st  with  cash 
in  full — for  deliv¬ 
ery  after  Feb.  1st. 

All  chicks  from 
Pullorum  Free 
Stock,  shipped  pre¬ 
paid  and  guaran¬ 
teed  100%  Live 
CATALOGS  Delivery. _ 


HALL  BROTHERS  HATCHERY,  INC. 

BOX59  .  WALLINGFORD,  CONN. 


High  Production  Stock 

_________  '  Douglaston  20  bird  pen  at  W.  N.  Y. 

Contest  1940-41  averaged  237  eggs.  241  points  with 
90%  livability.  The  same  careful  breeding  is  behind 
all  Douglaston  Farm  Chicks. 
Sexed  or  Unsexed.  Write 
for  free  Catalog.  Order  early. 

Douglaston  Manor  Farm 

R.D.  I,  PULASKI.  N.  Y. 


tEMENTS 

HICKSH 


BROS. 

FARMS 


Cl 

■A  ■  ■  -  H  C I  e  m-Cross  j 

nibllV  sex-linked 
baby  pullets 

are  reaching  wide  popularity! 
because  of  their  profit-abilities.  | 

So  are  CLEMENTS’  Reds,  Barred  and 
White  Rocks  and  Clem-Rock  cross  chicks.  Bred  right. 
Maine-U.  S.  Pullorum  clean.  Catalog  tells  about  co¬ 
operative  savings  plan.  Write  today. 

CLEMENTS  BROS.  FARMS 
Box  24  Winterport,  Maine 


WHITE  LEGHORNS 

LARGE  TYPE  BREEDERS  MAT- 

mOOKSTDl!  ED  with  hanson  r.  o.  p. 

PEDIGREED  COCKERELS 

from  hens  with  records  of  300 
eggs  and  over.  Also  Barred  Rocks, 
White  Rocks  and  New  Harnp- 
shires.  Day  Old  and  Started  Chicks. 
4  week  old  Pullets.  Price  list  and  Booklet  Free. 

BROOKSIDE  POULTRY  FARM 

E.  C.  BROWN,  Prop.,  Box  A,  Sergeantsville,  N.  J. 


and 

SEXED  PULLETS 

R.  O.  P  SIRED 

Leghorns  -  hew  Hampshires 
Rocks  -  Reds  -  Crossbreds 
Hatched  from  Pullorum  Clean  Breeders 

Guarantee  Protects  Yru.  Early  Order  Discount. 

Write  for  Catalog  and  Prices. 
TAYLOR'S  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  LIBERTY.  N.  Y. 


CONTENT  FARMS 

w  s.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS  W 

For  past  3  years  our  pens  at  Central  N.  Y.  Laying 
Contest  have  led  all  pens  all  breeds  in  combined  pro¬ 
duction  and  livability.  We  had  high  Leghorn  nen  at 
Farmingdale  Contest  1941.  Order  now  for  1942  delivery. 
Write  today  for  advance  price  list  and  catalog. 
CONTENT  FARMS,  BOX  A,  CAMBRIDGE,  N.  Y. 


from  high  record  trapnested, 
bloodtested  stock;  imported  and 
bred  this  strain  for  27  years.  Sex¬ 
ed  or  Unsexed  chicks.  Free  circular. 
DAVID^M.  HAMMOND, 

Rt.  3,  Cortland.  N.  Y. 


HAMPTON’S  BLACK  LEGHORN  CHICKS 

Live,  Lay,  Pay,  Healthy.  Hardy,  Heavy  Layers  of  Large 
White  Eggs,  Free  of  disease  and  cannibalism.  Circular 

free.  A.  E.  HAMPTON,  Box  A,  PITTSTOWN.  N.  J. 


end  of  a  hard  day’s  work  in  the  hen 
house,  I  certainly  have  a  more  satis¬ 
fied  feeling  than  I  ever  had  when  I  I 
sat  in  an  easy  chair  and  embroidered 
“His”  or  “Hers”  on  a  pillow  case. 

For  Smaller  Packages 

While  we  are  only  too  glad  to  do 
our  share  during  these  critical  days,  I 
do  not  think  the  “Little  Woman”  should 
be  expected  to  lift  a  hundred-pound 
bag  of  feed.  Why  couldn’t  feed  be 
packed  in  fifty-pound  bags?  As  bur¬ 
lap  is  expensive  now,  paper  bags  could 
be  used.  It  surely  is  monotonous  work 
to  tip  the  feed  out  in  pails  until  we 
are  able  to  lift  the  bag  and  heave  it 
over  the  top  of  the  feed  box. 

If  this  suggestion  of  mine  should  be 
favorably  received,  maybe  they  could 
cut  the  egg  crates  in  two  at  the  same 
time.  The  idea  of  expecting  the  weak¬ 
er  sex  to  handle  a  crate  of  eggs!  There 
is  no  way  to  get  hold  of  the  things, 
anyway.  Even  an  apple  crate  has  a 
slot  where  one’s  fingers  may  get  hold. 

I  vote  for  a  15  or  20  dozen  egg  crate. 
So  long  as  women  have  to  do  so  much 
of  the  poultry  work  nowadays,  they 
should  have  things  changed  to  suit 
them.  When  I  was  a  little  girl,  my 
father  always  bought  flour  by  the  bar¬ 
rel;  but  now  you  don’t  see  men  walk¬ 
ing  into  the  kitchen  with  a  barrel  of 
flour  on  their  shoulders.— Mrs.  M.  A.  S.} 
Ulster  County ,  New  York. 

— a.  a. — 

Minerals  for  Layers 

Why  isn’t  ground  phosphate  rock  a  good 
source  of  phosphorus  for  poultry? 

Ground  phosphate  rock  is  not  recom¬ 
mended  as  an  animal  feed  because  it 
contains  certain  impurities,  particu¬ 
larly  fluorin,  which  is  very  injurious  to 
animals. 

—  A.  A. — • 

Good  Spuds  Are  Where 
You  Grow  Them 

( Continued  from  Page  6) 
wide  acres  of  the  right  kind  of  spuds 
and  he  made  that  vision  come  true. 

There  were  areas  of  bushes  to  be 
cleared,  old  fence  rows  to  be  obliter¬ 
ated,  some  useless  buildings  to  he  raz¬ 
ed,  the  better  ones  to  be  fixed  up  and 
wet  places  to  be  drained  by  -tiling. 
These  things  he  did  in  the  most  prac¬ 
tical  way. 

With  the  standard  ton-to-the-acre  of 
high  grade  fertilizer,  his  very  first  crop 
was  a  success,  and  in  ten  years  since 
then  he  has  not  had  a  bad  one.  Most 
of  the  time  he  has  raised  seed  for 
certification  and  there  have  been  few 
years  when  he  did  not  qualify  for  the 
state  “400  Bushel”  Club.  His  usual 
plantings  now  are  a  little  under  50 
acres. 

After  putting  the  first  farm  into 
good  ‘  operation,  he  purchased  another 
adjoining  it,  albeit  it  lies  over  the  town 
line  in  Andover,  and  this  has  been  man¬ 
aged  similarly. 

Wet  spray,  rather  than  dust,  is  used 
on  these  farms  and  the  10-row  tractor- 
mounted  sprayer  is  in  pretty  constant 
use  during  most  of  the  growing  sea¬ 
son.  Good  springs  afford  gravity  flow 
to  the  several  spray  filling  stations. 
Green  Mountains  and  Irish  Cobblers 
have  been  principal  varieties  grown, 
but  recently  Chippewas  have  largely 
replaced  the  Cobblers. 

“Anybody  could  do  it,”  Mr.  Merrill 
says.  But  not  very  many  do. — H.  L. 
Bailey. 


JUNIATA  LEGHORNS 


Our  28th  year  of  breeding  JUNIATA  LEGHORNS.  Our 
foundation  Breeders  direct  from  TOM  BARRON.  They  are 
large  birds  and  bred  for  eggs  and  more  eggs.  Before  order¬ 
ing  your  chicks  be  sure  to  write  us  for  our  large  Circular  showing  pictures  of  our  farm  and  breeders — a 
postal  card  will  bring  this  to  you.  Prices  exceptionally  low.  Day  Old  Pullets  a  specialty.  Write  NOW. 

JUNIATA  POULTRY  FARM  Box  A,  RICHFIELD,  PENN. 


SEXED, 
DAY-OLD  &  STARTED 


CHICKS 


R.O.P 

SIRED 


ELMER  H.  WENE 


BIG  SAVINGS  on  EARLY  ORDERS 


Wene  R.  O.  P.  Sired  Chicks  insured  thru  first  14lDay  Danger  Period 
—  any  loss  replaced  FULLY  without  charge.  More  2-to-5-year-old 
HEN  BREEDERS  headed  by  200  to  314  Egg  Official  Record  pedigreed 
R.  O.  P.  Sires  than  any  other  Eastern  plant.  U.  S.  N.  J.  APPROVED. 
Hatches  year  ’round.  Capacity  1 ,800,000  eggs.  All  popular  pure  or  cross¬ 
breeds.  BLOODTESTED.  Credit,  if  desired.  Write  today  for  FREE  CATALOG. 

WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  Dept.  A-4,  VINELAND,  N.  J. 


CLEAR  SPRING  CHICKS 


32  years  Breeding  experience.  We  have  been  satisfying  a  steady  growing 
list  of  prosperous  poultrymen  for  years.  A11  Breeders  Blood  Tested. 

1942  CATALOG  FREE. 

PULLETS  95%  GUARANTEED-  100%  LIVE  DELIVERY.  STR.— 100  PITS.— 100  CKLS.— 100 

LARGE  TYPE  ENGLISH  LEGHORNS. - - - . -$ 

OUR  FAMOUS  HANSON  LEGHORNS  ------ - - 

RED-FACED  BLACK  SPANISH  MINORCAS  . .  0.00 

BARRED  AND  WHITE  ROCKS,  R.  I.  REDS --------- . . . 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  REDS  AND  RED-ROCK  CROSS - -  1100 

CLEAR  SPRING  HATCHERY,  F:  B.  LEISTER,  Prop.  BOX  51, 


-$  9.00 

$16.00 

$3.00 

.  10.00 

18.00 

3.00 

.  10.00 

17.00 

4.00 

_  10.00 

12.00 

9.00 

-  11.00 

14.00 

9.00 

McALISTERVI  LLE,  PA. 


WHITP/flOCK 

ft  BABY  *  tl 

■  f»l/VC  T  1,4 


BABY 

_  CHICKS 

EGCSFOR 


I 


fOO 

7  w 

/  *  too 


BATC  fSSWr, 

Special  Price  on  LARGE  ORDERS 

All  E""s  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100% 
State  "Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube  Agglut.  TOL- 
JI4N’S  CHICKS  famous  for  RAPID  GROWTH. 
EARLY  MATURITY.  Profitable  EGG  YIELD. 
Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters  or 
Send  for  FREE  Circular. 
1  SPECIALIZE  ONE  BREED.  ONE 
GRADE  at  ONE  PRICE. 

Dept.  B, 

&OCKLAM9 

M.ASS. 


8  market  eggs. 

ma 

rnmn- 


J^IULSH  FARMf  CHICK/Gfi 


All  Breeders  carefully  culled  &  j 
Blood  Tested.  Order  direct  from 
ad.  or  write  for  our  new  catalog. 
Satisfaction  and  safe  arrival  guaranteed. 
Shipments  Mon.  &  Thurs.—  Unsex’d  Pul’ts  C’k’ls 
Will  Ship  C.O.D. 

White  or  Brown  Leghorns - $9.00 

Black  or  Buff  Leg.,  Anconas - 9.50 

Bar.  White  or  Buff  Rocks - 9.50 

Wh.  Wyand.,  R.  X.  Reds,  N.  Hamps.  9.50 

Red-Rocks,  Rock-Red  Cross - 9.50 

SPECIAL  GRADE  A  MATINGS 

White  &  Black  Leghorns - 12.00 

Bar.  Rocks  &  New  Hampshires - 13.50 

Sexing  guaranteed  95%  correct. 


U.  S.  R.  0.  P.  Sired  Chicks 

White  Leghorns;  New  Hampshire  Reds; 
Barred  Rocks;  Barred  Cross.  Bred  to 
live.  100%  satisfaction  guaranteed. 
All  breeds  officially  bloodtested.  Chicks 
guaranteed  free  from  Pullorum. 

Write  for  Illustrated  Catalog. 

Van  Duzer  Poultry  Farm 

Box  A  Sugar  Loaf,  New  York 


NACE’S  QUALITY  CHICKS 


We  pay  postage,  bare  delivery  guaranteed. 
HANSON  OR  ENGLISH  LARGE  100  100  100 

TYPE  WHITE  LEGHORNS  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls 

R. O.P.  SIRED  _ $9.00  $16.00  $3.00 

S.  C.  Everpay  Br.  Leghorns -  9.00  16.00  3.00 

Bar.  and  White  Rocks -  10.00  14.00  7.00 

N.  II.  and  R.  I.  Reds _  10.00  14.00  7.00 

Wh.  Wyand.  and  Buff  Orps -  1100  15.00  8.00 

Heavy  Mixed  -  8.00  10.00  6-00 

From  Free  range  Flocks.  Sexed  Pullets  Guar.  95% 

accurate.  Order  from  ad  or  write  for  Catalog. 

J.  N.  NACE  POULTRY  FARM  &  HATCHERY. 
Box  A.  RICHFIELD,  PENNSYLVANIA. 


100 

100 

100 

$9.00 

$16.00 

$3.50 

9.50 

17.00 

4.50 

.  9.50 

12.00 

9.00 

9.50 

12.00 

9.00 

.  9.50 

12.00 

9.50 

.12.00 

20.00 

4.50 

.13.50 

17.00 

1 1.00 

Our 

21st  : 

year. 

Port  Trevorton,  Pa. 

SHIRK’S  QUALITY  CHICKS 


Electric  Hatched. 

Unsex.  Pul’ts  Ckls. 


100 

100 

100 

$9.50 

$17.00 

$3.00 

.  j  0.00 

13.00 

9.00 

.10.00 

13.00 

9.00 

.12.00 

17.00 

9.00 

.  9.00 

11.00 

8.00 

From  Blood  Tested  Breeders. 

PULLETS  GUARANTEED  95% 

Will  Ship  Cash  or  C.O.D. 

Large  Type  White  Leghorns - 

Bar.  &  Wh.  Rocks,  R.  I.  Reds - 10.00 

Red-Rock  &  Rock-Red  Cross - 10.00 

New  Hampshire  Reds  (Special) - 12.00 

Heavy  Mixed  _ 9-00 

We  specialize  in  one  grade  and  one  price  as  all  our 
breeders  are  bred  up  to  one  quality,  outstanding  size 
and  egg  production.  Order  direct  from  ad  or  write  for 
FREE  Catalog  giving  full  information  of  our  breeders 
and  hatchery.  All  chicks  shipped  prepaid.  Guar.  100% 
live  delivery.  Hatches  Tuesdays  and  Thursdays. 
SHIRK’S  HATCHERY, 

H.  C.  Shirk,  Prop.,  Box  AA,  Route  2,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


Your  Chicks  MUST  be  good  this  year! 
Don’t  take  chances.  Clauser  chicks  are  from 
large  size,  heavy  production  Barron  English  S.  C.  W. 
taghorns.  Hens  weigh  up  to  7  lbs.  Mated  with  R.O.P. 
Pedigreed  Cockerels.  Extra  quality  chicks  from  Blood-test- 
ed  healthy,  vigorous  selected  stock.  Straight  run,  sexed 
pullets  or  cockerels.  Write  for  price  list  and  catalog. 

Box  A. 

Kleinfeltersville,  Pa. 


Robert  L.  Clauser 


mrnmm 

# 

mrn 

ouXtirTcmcKS 

Hatched  in  Elec.  Incubators.  Hatches  Tues.  &  Thurs. 
Order  from  ad  or  write  for  actual  photo  catalog. 

Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns—  $9.00  $16.00  $3.00 

Black  or  White  Minorcas -  9.00  16.00  3.00 

Bar.  or  Wh.  Rocks,  Wh.  Wyand.  9.00  12.00  8.00 

Red-Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross —  9.00  12.00  ?’55 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAA  SUP.)  11.00  15.00  8.00 

Heavy  Mixed  $8.  HEAVY  BROILER  CKLS.  (OUR 
SELECTION)  $8.  All  Breeders  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D. 
by  Stained  Antigen  method.  100%  live  del.  guar.  We 
pay  all  postage.  Sexing  guar.  95%  accurate.  AMERI¬ 
CAN  SEXERS  ONLY. 

C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 

STONEY  RUN  CHICKS 


live 


STR.  PLTS.  CKLS. 

100 

$3.00 
4.00 
9.00 
10.00 


Cash  or  C.O.D.  100% 

Delivery  Guaranteed.  190  100 

English  White  leghorns - $  9.00  $16.00 

DIRECT  HANSON  WH.  LEGHORNS  1 1.00  18.00 

Bar.  Wh.  Rocks  &  R.  I.  Reds - 10.00  12.00 

Special  N.  H.  Reds - 13.00  17.00 

Write  for  our  1942  Catalog  for  details  of  our  15  yrs. 
breeding  program  that  makes  more  money  for  our  large 
family  of  Poultry’  Raisers.  All  Breeders  Bloodtested. 
RESERVE  Your  Chicks  Today. 

STONEY  RUN  HATCHERY, 

H.  M.  Leister,  Owner,  Box  A,  McALISTERVI  LLE,  PA. 


Then  send  a  post  card  today  for  FREE  16  page  Il¬ 
lustrated  catalog  describing  our  Stock  and  Hatchery. 
Breeders  Bloodtested  and  Culled— carefully  selected  for 
heavy  weight  and  high  producing  flock  averages.  Why 
be  satisfied  with  inferior  chicks — get  quality  stock  at 
no  extra  cost,  bred  for  the  sole  purpose  of  producing 
extra  profits  for  YOU.  Write:  ... 

MCALISTERVILLE  HATCHERY. 

Edgar  C.  Leister,  Owner,  Box  20,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


# 


TOM  BARRON  CHICKS 


We  are  direct  importers  of  Barron  Leghorns. 
_____  Large  Hens  mated  with  R.O.P.  Males,  taw 
Price  on  Chicks  and  95%  Pullets,  Cockerels  $2.50- 100. 
NORTH  SIDE  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A,  Richfield,  Pa. 

/^IJIAIfC  TOM  BARRON  WHITE  LEGHORNS. 

CHIlKa  HIGHEST  QUALITY.  LOWEST  PRICES. 
TOM  BARRON  LEG.  FARM,  Bax  A,  RICH  FI  ELD,  PA, 


(100) 


20 


American  Agriculturist,  January  31,  1942 


REMODEL 


3227 


1^044/1  Old  GlxdLel 

BY  MR?.  GRACE  WATKINS  HUCKETT 


3096 


OME  DEFENSE  takes  in  a  lot  of  territory 
these  days,  including  making  over  those 
old  clothes  of  yours  that  are  hopelessly  out 
of  date,  or  worn  out  in  spots.  Fortunately, 
made-overs  can  be  given  an  entirely  new  person¬ 
ality.  No  one  need  ever  guess  that  Mom’s  new 
frock  represents  two  old  ones  of  uncertain  vintage, 
or  that  Little  Sister’s  coat  was  cut  from  the  good 
parts  of  Dad’s  wedding  suit. 

Before  making  over  any  garment,  however,  make 
sure  that  the  material  is  worth  the  effort.  Then 
choose  a  pattern  which  will  use  the  material  to  best 
advantage  and  will  be  becoming  to  the  wearer. 

The  marvelous  things  that  can  be  done  with  old 
clothes  was  well  illustrated  by  the  Lewis  County 
Home  Bureau  exhibit  of  remodeled  clothing  at  the 
New  York  State  Fair  last  fall.  Dozens  of  attractive 
garments  were  on  display,  accompanied  by  drawings 
to  show  their  original  hopeless  state.  There  was 
a  stunning  jacket  made  out  of  an  old  coat  at  a  cost 
of  only  80c;  a  boy’s  navy  blue  suit  and  blouse,  cut 
down  from  Dad’s,  for  10c;  a  good  looking  jumper 
dress  made  by  combining  two  old  dresses,  for  35c; 
remodeled  evening  dress  with  blouse,  55c;  a  beige 
and  brown  snow  suit  (made  from  two  different  gar¬ 
ments)  at  no  cost  whatever;  and  many  others.  Each 
garment  on  display  was  beautifully  made  and  would 
have  been  expensive  to  buy. 

In  making  over  a  garment,  several  things  are 
important : 

1 .  Planning  and  choosing  a  pattern. 

2.  Careful  ripping,  cleaning  and  pressing  of  old 
material. 

3.  Skillful  patching,  darning,  and  matching. 

4.  Fitting. 

5.  Pressing  of  finished  garment. 

In  making  over  a  garment,  it  is  often  possible 
to  put  decorative  patches  (appliques  in  other  words) 
at  points  where  needed  to  cover  defects.  When 
skillfully  planned  and  done,  such  patches  look  as  if 
“meant  to  be.”  Sometimes  fitting  out  by  means  of 
darts  may  serve  the  same  purpose.  Or  occasionally 
a  clever  darn  will  make  it  possible  to  utilize  old 
material,  if  the  hole  is  small  and  the  fabric  not  too 
weakened  generally.  However,  a  darn  should  be 
smooth,  of  the  same  color  and  weave  as  the  rest  of 
the  garment.  Professional  establishments  usually 
ravel  out  yarns  from  the  material,  consider  all  the 
colors  in  the  pattern  of  the  goods,  study  the  weave 
so  that  they  can  reproduce  it  exactly  and  work  with 
an  infinite  amount  of  patience,  using  a  magnifying 
glasc.  Any  homemaker  who  has  this  much  patience 
can  do  such  reweaving  herself. 

Before  putting  the  paper  pattern  on  the  goods, 
pin  it  together  and  check  it  with  your  own  particu¬ 
lar  measurements.  This  should  be  regular  routine 
in  cutting  new  materials  and  is  particularly  im¬ 
portant  in  utilizing  old  ones.  In  making-over  it  is 
as  important  as  in  using  new  materials  to  cut  on 
the  correct  grain  of  the  fabric,  cut  notches  “out  of” 
instead  of  “into”  the  pattern,  or  better  still  mark 
them  with  tailor’s  tacks  or  chalk.  And  after  cut¬ 
ting,  mark  center  front  and  center  back  with  long 
uneven  bastings  to  guide  accurate  fitting  and  cor¬ 
rect  placing  of  pockets  or  trimmings. 

Then  press  as  you  work  —  sing,  too,  if  you  feel 
like  it!  Woolens  require  a  thick  moist  pressing 
cloth  to  get  plenty  of  steam  and  a  hot  iron;  for 
silks  a  warm,  rather  than  hot,  iron  is  used  with 
pressing  cloth  only  slightly  moist.  Pressing  pads  for 
arm’s  eyes  and  other  places  hard  to  get  at  are  a 
great  help.  Such  pads  are  made  by  stuffing  sawdust 
into  shaped  muslin  covers  rounded  at  one  end  and 
pointed  at  the  other.  Pressing  cloths  may  be  cheese¬ 
cloth;  use  single  thickness  over  silk,  2  or  3  thick¬ 
nesses  over  woolen.  Pat  with  iron  rather  than  stroke. 

Tools  necessary  for  home  dressmaking  and  there- 


3  190 


fore  for  making-over,  are  a  pair  of  sharp  shears,  a 
thimble,  a  tape  measure  at  least  sixty  inches  long, 
a  yardstick,  a  quarter-pound  box  of  steel  pins, 
needles  in  sizes  between  5  and  10,  tailor’s  chalk,  a 
tracing  wheel,  an  iron,  an  ironing  board,  pressing 
cloths  and  a  sewing  machine  well-oiled  and  in  good 
condition.  Add  to  this  list  a  variety  of  colors  and 
sizes  of  threads  in  the  sewing  basket  plus  scraps  of 
materials  left  over  when  you  have  made  other  cloth¬ 
ing  or  have  altered  readymades,  and  you  have  a 
good  start  for  the  special  jobs  of  mending  and 
patching.  A  safety  razor  blade  set  in  the  end  of 
a  short  stick  is  handy  for  ripping. 

The  patterns  on  this  page  have  been  chosen  for 
their  good  style,  plus  their  adaptability  in  making- 
over.  Jerkin  Suit  No.  3301  offers  many  possibilities 
of  combining  materials  already  on  hand.  Just  take 
a  look  at  your  old  jacket  suits,  dresses  and  blouses 
or  even  cast  your  eye  over  the  good  parts  of  Dad’s 
old  suit. 

Then  there  is  the  jumper  and  blouse  outfit  No. 
3190.  Get  your  variety  by  having  a  number  of 
blouses;  they  also  have  the  advantage  of  keeping 
one  as  fresh  as  a  daisy.  And  don’t  overlook  the 
heart-shaped  patch  pockets  very  apropos  at  this 
time  of  the  year. 

For  the  2-to-8-year-old  daughter  there  is  the  coat 
and  dress  set  No.  3167.  This  could  make  use  of 
older  sister’s  out-grown  garments,  a  very  handy 
arrangement  in  a  growing  family. 

That  good-looking  housedress  that  is  worn  under 
the  sleeves  may  still  do  fine  service  when  remade 
into  practical  coverall  apron  No.  3119.  Incident¬ 
ally,  if  made  up  in  new  blue  denim  this  garment  is 
ready  for  any  outdoor  job  which  comes  a  farm 
woman’s  way. 

For  that  dress  which  has  grown  tight,  or  one 
which  needs  a  little  life  ( Turn  to  opposite  page) 


309 


3237 


The  Patterns  Described 

JERKIN  SUIT  No.  3301  —  Sizes  10  to  20. 
Size  16,  1%  yds.  39-in.  fabric  for  short  sleev¬ 
ed  blouse;  2  yds.  35-in.  for  long  sleeved  blouse; 
%  yd.  54-in.  for  short  weskit;  2y2  yds.  54-in. 
for  full  length  weskit  and  skirt;  1%  yds. 
54-in.  for  separate  skirt. 

JUMPER  AND  BLOLTSE  No.  3190  —  Sizes  12 
to  16,  36  to  40.  Size  16,  2  yds.  39-in.  fabric 
for  blouse;  1%  yds.  54-in.  for  jumper. 

TOT’S  COAT  AND  DRESS  SET  No.  3167  — 
Sizes  2  to  8.  Size  4,  1  y>  yds.  39-in.  fabric  for 
dress;  1%  yds.  54-in.  for  coat. 

COVERALL  APRON  No.  3119  —  Sizes  14,  16, 
36  to  48.  Size  36  requires  2y2  yds.  39-in.  fabric. 
PANEL-FRONT  DRESS  No.  2930  —  Sizes  14, 
16,  36  to  46.  Size  36,  -3%  yds.  39-in.  fabric 
for  dress,  1%  yds.  contrasting  for  back  yoke, 
panel  front,  front  skirt  gore  and  convertible 
collar. 

SCHOOLGIRL’S  JUMPER  DRESS  No.  3227 
—  Sizes  4  to  14.  Size  8,  1  yd.  35-in.  for  blouse, 
1%  yds.  54-in.  fabric  for  jumper. 

APPLIQUE  DRESS  FOR  GIRLS  No.  3389  — 
Sizes  6  to  14.  Size  8,  1%  yds.  35-in.  fabric  for 
body  of  dress;  %  yd.  contrasting  for  yokes, 
collar  and  band;  %  yd.  red  for  tulips;  V8  yd. 
green  for  stems  and  leaves.  Applique  is  in¬ 
cluded  in  pattern. 

GIRL’S  VERSATILE  JUMPER  OUTFIT  No. 
3096  —  Sizes  4  to  10.  Size  8,  1  yd.  39-in.  fabric 
for  blouse;  1%  yds.  54-in.  for  jumper. 
CASUAL  CAPS  No.  3367  —  One  size,  adapt¬ 
able  to  any  headsize.  Calot  or  pillbox  with 
hearts,  %  yd.  35-in.  fabric  for  each  hat,  %  yd. 
contrasting  for  appliqued  hearts;  pillbox  with 
braid,  %  yd.  35-in.  for  hat,  2  yds.  braid. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address,  pattern 
size  and  number  clearly  and  enclose  15c  in 
stamps.  Address  Pattern  Dept.,  American 
Agriculturist ,  10  North  Cherry  St.,  Pough¬ 
keepsie,  New  York.  Add  12c  for  a  copy  of 
our  full-color  fashion  catalog. 


American  Agriculturist,  January  31.  1942 


21  (101) 


CLOTHING 


REMODELING 


Here’s  real  proof  that  old  clothes  can  be  salvaged.  Picture  shows  a  section  of  the 
fascinating  exhibit  put  on  last  fall  at  New  York  State  Fair  by  Lewis  County,  N.  Y. 
Note  drawings  in  background  (made  by  Mrs.  Benjamin  Schantz,  Lowville  Home 
Bureau),  and  contrast  them  with  the  smart  garments  which  emerged  Cinderella-like 
from  them.  The  evening  wrap  was  an  old  waspwaisted,  tight-sleeved  velvet  coat 
resurrected  from  the  attic,  and  remodeled  at  a  cost  of  $2.20  for  lining  and  buttons. 
The  boy’s  suit  at  the  right,  salvaged  from  Dad’s  wornout  one,  cost  only  10c  for 
thread.  The  two  center,  frock  and  cape,  also  are  triumphs  of  planning  and  inexpen¬ 
sive  remodeling.  In  less  than  five  months,  enthusiastic  Lewis  County  Home  Bure,  u 
members  made  over  350  garments,  and  they  say  that  was  just  a  beginning! 


Remodel  Your  Old  Clothes 

( Continued  from  opposite  page) 

injected  into  it,  Pattern  No.  2930  is  a 
real  find.  It  is  possible  to  combine 
two  old  frocks  or  by  buying  a  little 
new  material  completely  change  an 
old  dark  dress  into  one  which  is  new 
and  spring-like. 

The  younger  member  of  the  family 
will  like  the  lines  of  princess  dress 
No.  3227.  It  is  the  popular  jumper  but 
different  enough  to  make  it  very  ap¬ 
pealing.  For  its  supply  of  blouses 
many  similar  pieces  of  goods  may  be 
utilized. 

For  combining  two  worn  dresses  in 
an  ingenious  manner  No.  3389  offers 
exceptionally  good  design  for  a  little 
girl’s  dress. 

Jumper  outfit  No.  3096  is  another 
which  makes  up  into  a  popular  style 
yet  is  particularly  adaptable  for  make¬ 
over  garments. 

It  is  quite  possible  to  devise  smart, 
attractive  headgear  without  too  much 
trouble  and  time.  The  group  of  cap 
patterns  No.  3367,  is  adaptable  to  any 
head-size  and  offers  a  choice  of  beanie 
or  pillbox  type.  Trim  may  be  ap- 
pliqued  hearts  or  braid. 

— a.  a. — 

Women’s  Part  in  Rural 

Defense 

( Continued  from  Page  3) 
courses  are  given  by  the  Red  Cross, 
and  you  can  arrange  to  take  one  by 
registering  first  with  your  local  Volun¬ 
teer  Defense  office.  If  no  such  office 
has  been  opened  in  your  county,  get 
in  touch  with  your  Civilian  Defense 
Chairman  and  urge  that  one  be  or¬ 
ganized  immediately.  The  importance 
of  these  central  Volunteer  Offices  has 
been  explained  in  recent  issues  of  Am¬ 
erican  Agriculturist.  They  are  clear¬ 
ing  houses  for  all  civilian  Defense 
work,  and  are  designed  to  save  con¬ 
fusion  and  duplication. 

Besides  planning  for  “family  de¬ 
fense,”  some  of  the  other  things  that 
we  rural  women  ‘can  do  to  help  in 
“community  defense”  are: 

1.  Register  at  Volunteer  Office,  or 
with  proper  authorities,  the  number  of 
evacuees  you  could  take  care  of  if 
necessary.  If  East  coast  cities  are 
bombed,  women  and  children  will  be 
evacuated  in  many  cases,  and  it  will  be 
up  to  inland  rural  areas  to  house  them. 

2.  You  may  want  to  offer  yourself 
as  a  blood  donor  to  your  nearest  hos¬ 
pital.  Many  individuals  are  doing  this. 

3.  Refrain  from  spreading  rumors  or 
harmful  propaganda. 

4.  Give  generously  to  the  Red  Cross. 

5.  Buy  Defense  Stamps  or  bonds. 


6.  Avoid  waste  of' all  kinds. 

As  farm  women,  we  will  of  course 
see  to  it  that  there  are  plentiful  sur¬ 
pluses  of  home-grown  food  on  hand, 
for  one  of  our  important  tasks  will  be 
to  serve  to  our  families  three  well 
chosen,  well  cooked  meals  every  day. 

“Democracy  is  a  thing  for  which  the 
very  stones  will  fight,”  and  we  farm¬ 
ers  have  many  natural  assets  for  the 
long  struggle.  Among  them  are  cour¬ 
age  to  meet  our  tasks  from  day  to 
day,  the  habit  of  work,  the  habit  of 


One-Act  Plays 

American  Agriculturist  now  has 
ten  short,  rural-life  comedies  for 
sale.  All  are  one  act  plays  and  easy 
to  produce.  They  are  only  20  cents 
each,  and  are  royalty  free.  “The  Shake- 
up,”  the  first  play  on  our  list,  was  a 
prize  winner  in  the  1941  Play  Writing 
Contest  of  Massachusetts  State  Col¬ 
lege  Extension  Service,  and  we  are  now 
adding  it  to  our  list  with  the  kind  per¬ 
mission  of  the  Massachusetts  State 
College.  This  play  fills  a  longfelt  want, 
as  its  cast  is  entirely  composed  of 


STITCH, 

STITCH, 

STITCH! 

Have  you  heard  all  the  buzz  and 
hum  in  our  county? 

We’ve  ripped  and  we’ve  dyed  ’till 
our  fingers  are  sore. 

Our  aprons,  our  towels  and  our 
curtains  are  feed  sacks, 
We’ve  remodeled  and  sewed,  and 
expect  to  make  more. 

We’ve  cut  out  more  garments 
where  there  just  weren’t  any, 
And  many  a  moth  hole  hides  un¬ 
der  a  gore. 

If  you  alter  and'  fix,  you’ll  save 
many  a  penny, 

And  once  you  learn  how,  you’ll 
just  want  to  make  more. 

We’ve  been  so  enthralled  with 
our  remodeling  lessons, 
We’ve  rummaged  the  house  with 
a  ferriting  nose, 

Just  looking  for  something  that 
we  could  make  over.  .  .  . 
’Till  our  poor  better  halves  have 
to  sleep  in  their  clothes! 

— Mrs.  Leon  Decker,  Lowville, 
N.  Y.,  Lewis  County  Home 
Bureau  member. 

(Written  to  publicize  the  Lewis 
County  (N.  Y.)  exhibit  of  Re¬ 

modeled  Clothing  at  New  York 
State  Fair  last  fall.) 


clear  thinking,  of  unselfishness,  of  co¬ 
operation,  as  proven  in  other  emerg¬ 
encies.  We  are  accustomed  to  service, 
to  doing  without,  to  making  the  most 
of  what  we  have.  We  will  not  fail  our 
country  in  this  emergency! 


—  A.  A. — 


Prize  Winning  Yeast  Rolls 
>  Recipe 

HERE  is  the  recipe  used  by  Mrs. 

Hazel  Eadham,  of  Mohican,  N.  Y., 
in  making  the  delicious  yeast  rolls 
which  won  her  first  prize  in  the  1941 
New  York  State  Yeast  Rolls  Contest, 
jointly  sponsored  by  New  York  State 
Grange  and  American  Agriculturist. 
All  measurements  are  level.  After  the 
contest,  our  Home  Editor  tested  this 
recipe,  and  she  was  just  as  enthusi¬ 
astic  about  these  rolls  as  were  the 
judges  who  awarded  Mrs.  Badham  first 
prize : 


2  cups  boiling  water 

3  tablespoons  lard 
I  cup  sugar 

I  tablespoon  salt 


2  eggs,  beaten 
2  yeast  cakes  dissolved  in 
(4  cup  of  cold  water 
8  cups  sifted  flour  (about) 


Mix  thoroughly  boiling  water,  short¬ 
ening,  sugar  and  salt;  cool  to  luke¬ 
warm.  Add  beaten  eggs,  yeast  cakes 
dissolved  in  the  cold  water,  and  4  cups 
of  the  flour.  Beat  thoroughly.  Stir 
in  gradually  3  cups  of  the  remaining 
flour  and  as  much  of  the  eighth  cupful 
as  is  required  to  make  a  dough  that  is 
not  sticky.  Do  mot  knead.  Cover 
dough,  place  in  refrigerator  for  24 
hours.  Mold  into  shape  of  i*olls  desir¬ 
ed  and  let  rise  until  double  in  bulk. 
Bake  in  a  fairly  hot  (385°-400°  F.) 
oven  15  to  20  minutes. 

(NOTE :  This  roll  dough  is  cold  when 
molded;  therefore,  it  will  take  about  2 
hours  in  a  warm  (not  hot)  place  to  raise 
them  twice  their  size.) 


Easy  to  Stage 

women,  and  we  have  had  many  de¬ 
mands  for  this  type  of  play. 

THE  SHAKE-UP,  by  Grace  Smith  Beers. 
A  domineering  mother  has  a  real  change 
of  heart.  A  touching  play,  with  some 
thrills  in  it.  4  women.  Scene,  farm  liv¬ 
ing-room. 

CASH  ON  HAND,  by  Grace  Smith  Beers. 
The  Browns  are  an  easy-going  farm  fami¬ 
ly,  but  they  have  an  exciting  evening 
keeping  track  of  the  $200  which  Mr. 
Brown  got  for  a  cow  he  sold.  2  men,  3 
women.  Scene,  farm  living-room.  Amus¬ 
ing  comedy  with  a  bit  of  mystery. 

OH,  DOCTOR!,  by  M.  F.  Partridge.  A 
meddlesome  old  maid  neighbor  steps  in 
to  take  charge  of  the  Smiths,  with  sur¬ 
prising  results.  Dots  of  laughs  in  this 
one.  3  women,  4  men.  Scene,  farm 
living-room. 

THE  ELECTRIC  FENCE,  by  M.  F.  Part¬ 
ridge.  Short,  hilarious,  easy  to  produce. 
4  men,  2  women. 

LET’S  GET  ON  WITH  THE  MARRYIN’, 

by  Robt.  Gard.  Hilarious  comedy  about 
a  wedding  that  almost  didn’t  come  off. 
3  women,  4  men. 

RAISIN’  THE  DEVIL,  by  Robt.  Gard. 
A  traveling  preacher  has  a  hard  time 
making  two  converts.  1  woman,  3  men. 
NOTHING  DOING,  by  Grace  Beers. 
About  an  attractive  farm  woman  and  her 
city  suitor.  4  women,  2  men. 

FISIIIN’  WEATHER,  by  Samuel  S.  Hale. 
Amusing  comedy  about  city  folks  coming 
to  the  country  looking  for  antiques.  4 
women,  5  men. 

WHO  IS  WELLINGTON?  by  Carrie  Dadd. 
A  new  minister  and  mystery  in  the  par¬ 
sonage.  6  women,  1  man. 

A  DAY  IN  THE  VINEYARD,  by  E.  Irene 
Baker  and  A.  M.  Drummond.  Modern 
folk  comedy,  with  some  simple  songs  and 
music.  8  women,  2  men. 

TO  ORDER  PLAYS:  Send  20  cents 
for  each  play  wanted  (in  coins,  money 
order,  or  check)  to  American  Agricul¬ 
turist,  Play  Dep’t.,  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N. 
Y.  Please  do  not  ask  to  have  plays 
sent  free  for  examination.  All  have 
been  carefully  selected  and  will  be 
found  suitable  for  amateur  groups. 


NOW. 

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IZ  OUNCES  t5* ' 
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•  New  Davis  Cook 
Book  makes  baking 
sure  and  simple  with 
21  Master  Pattern 
Baking  Formulas. 
80  pages  beautifully 
illustrated.  Yours 
for  10c  and  a  label 
from  a  can  of  Davis  t 
Baking  Powder. 


DAVIS 

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R.  B.  Davis  Co.,  Hoboken,  N.J.  j 
I  enclose  10c  and  label  from  | 
a  can  of  Davis  Baking  Powder  I 
for  my  copy  of  Davis  Master  I 
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,  Name 

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State 

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This  Home-Mixed 
Syrup  Relieves 
Coughs  Quickly 

Needs  No  Cooking.  Saves  Money. 

The  surprise  of  your  life  is  waiting 
for  you,  in  your  own  kitchen,  when  it 
comes  to  the  relief  of  coughs  due  to 
colds.  In  just  a  moment,  you  can  mix 
a  cough  syrup  that  gives  you  about  four 
times  as  much  for  your  money,  and  is 
amazing  for  quick  results. 

Make  a  syrup  by  stirring  2  cups  of 
granulated  sugar  and  one  cup  of  water 
a  few  moments,  until  dissolved.  No 
cooking  needed — it’s  no  trouble  at  all. 
Then  put  2%  ounces  of  Pinex  (obtained 
from  any  druggist)  into  a  pint  bottle. 
Add  your  syrup,  and  you  have  a  full 
pint  of  really  wonderful  cough  medicine. 
It  never  spoils,  lasts  a  family  a  long 
time,  and  children  love  it. 

This  home  mixture  takes  right  hold  of 
a  cough  in  a  way  that  means  business. 
It  loosens  the  phlegm,  soothes  the  irri¬ 
tated  membranes,  and  quickly  eases 
soreness  and  difficult  breathing.  You’ll 
say  it’s  astounding  in  its  action. 

Pinex  is  a  special  compound  of  proven 
ingredients,  in  concentrated  form,  well 
known  for  prompt  action  in  coughs  and 
bronchial  irritations.  Money  refunded 
if  it  doesn’t  please  you  in  every  way. 


If  Ruptured 
Try  This  Out 


Modern  .Protection  Provides  Great 
Comfort  and  Holding  Security. 

Without  Tortuous  Truss  Wearing 


An  “eye-opening”  revelation  in 
sensible  and  comfortable  reducible 
rupture  protection  may  be  yours  for 
the  asking,  without  cost  or  obliga¬ 
tion.  Simply  send  name  and  address 
to  William  S.  Rice,  Inc.,  Dept.  71-B, 
Adams,  N.  Y.,  and  full  details  of 
the  new  and  different  Rice  Method 
will  be  sent  you  Free.  Without  hard 
flesh-gouging  pads  or  tormenting 
pressure,  here’s  a  Support  that  has 
brought  joy  and  comfort  to  thou¬ 
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Trusses  with  springs  and  straps  that 
bind  and  cut.  Designed  to  securely 
hold  a  rupture  up  and  in  where  it 
belongs  and  yet  give  freedom  of  body 
and  genuine  comfort.  For  full  in¬ 
formation — write  today ! 


Say  you  taw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


(102)  22 


American  Agriculturist,  January  31,  1942 


Fresh  Meat 
on  the  Farm 


By  Rameyn  Befiby 


WE  DON’T  expect  to  have  so  much 
trouble  about  fresh  meat  at 
Stoneposts  from  now  on  because  we 
have  lately  acquired  a  freezer  like  Mr. 
Ed  Babcock’s.  It  was,  a  Christmas 
present. 

The  fresh  meat  problem  has  proved 
a  most  difficult  one  to  solve  on  our 
small  farm,  which  is  operated  with  the 
lofty  aim  of  being  self-sustained  and 
not  having  to  run  to  the  store  for  help 
every  few  days.  It’s  bad  to  be  without 
fresh  meat  for  a  long  time,  and  it’s 
worse  to  have  too  much  for  even  a 
short  time.  We’ve  tried  both  ways  and 
know  what  we’re  talking  about.  No 
prolonged  period  of  meat  famine  is 
quite  so  trying  as  running  into  a  Janu¬ 
ary  thaw  three  weeks  after  pig  killing; 
and  after  three  weeks  steady  of  pig’s 
liver,  pork  chops,  sausage,  scrapple, 
head  cheese  and  ham  hocks,  when  you 
run  into  a  warm  spell  at  a  time  like 
that,  about  all  you  can  do  is  drop  every¬ 
thing  else  and  settle  down  to  eating 
fresh  pork  seriously— or  else  haul  the 
balance  of  it  out  to  the  woodlot.  Eat¬ 
ing  fresh  pork  in  competition  with  a 
January  thaw  soon  ceases  to  be  amus¬ 
ing,  and  we  don’t  expect  to  do  any  more 
of  it  since  Santa  Claus  has  brought  us 
a  freezer  like  Mr.  Ed  Babcock’s. 

At  the  present  writing  we  have  not 
yet  actually  used  our  freezer,  but  we 
expect  to  have  it  in  full  operation  by 
the  time  this  piece  appears  in  print. 

The  first  sacrifice  will  be  Seneca  and 
Cayuga,  the  two  big  hogs  we  saved 
out  for  our  own  use  when  we  sold  the 
rest  of  our  pigs.  After  them,  the  next 
meat  to  be  put  down  will  be  veal  in 
case  the  blessed  event  now  momentarily 
expected  in  the  cow  barn  turns  out  to 
be  a  bull;  if  it’s  a  heifer,  we’ll  freeze 
some  chickens. 

Henry,  our  beef  steer,  is  in  line,  of 
course,  but  I  don’t  think  we’ll  freeze 
Henry  before  the  late  winter  or  early 


spring.  He  isn’t  quite  a  year  old  yet, 
and  is  still  increasing  in  stature  and 
weight  with  the  most  gratifying  rapid¬ 
ity.  Besides  that  he  is,  of  course,  the 
most  important  element  in  the  whole 
experiment,  and  we  can’t  afford  to 
make  any  mistakes  in  Henry’s  case. 
We’ll  let  him  wait,  I  think,  until  he  has 
absorbed  more  corn  and  we  have  ab¬ 
sorbed  more  practical  experience  in  the 
freezing  business. 

Nevertheless,  Henry  is  not  to  be  re¬ 
garded  as  too  good  a  risk  from  the 
life  insurance  standpoint.  I  don’t  quite 
like  the  way  my  wife  looks  at  him 
sometimes.  In  spite  of  the  fact  that 
my  wife  has  now  lived  on  a  farm  for 
nearly  six  years,  when  Mrs.  Stoneposts 
says  fresh  meat,  she  still  means  steer 
beef,  and  she  doesn’t  mean  rabbit, 
squirrel,  venison,  pigeons,  or  pork. 

The  freezer  is  said  to  be  equally  use¬ 
ful  for  keeping  fruit  and  vegetables, 
but  right  now  we’re  more  interested 
in  meat.  The  freezer  didn’t  come  un¬ 
til  after  the  season  for  fruit  and  vege¬ 
tables.  Moreover,  last  summer  was  a 
good  one  in  our  garden,  and  I  think 
my  wife  and  Mrs.  Updike — actuated  in 
part  by  patriotism  and  in  part  by  con¬ 
siderations  of  economy — canned  enough 
fruit  and  vegetables  to  last  us  through 
the  rest  of  this  war  and  through  parts, 
at  least,  of  the  next  two  wars  after 
this  one. 

You  must  not  get  the  idea,  just  be¬ 
cause  we  have  been  given  a  freezer, 
that  we  are  going  to  freeze  all  of 
Seneca  and  Cayuga,  or  all  of  Henry, 
either.  Not  by  any  means!  We  shall 
continue  to  corn  and  salt,  smoke  and 
sugar-cure  just  as  we  have  always 
done.  What’s  the  sense  of  having  a 
farm  if  we  can’t  have  with  it  the  teas¬ 
ing  smells  of  cooking  sausages  and 
bacon  mingled  with  the  fragrance  of 
wood  smoke  from  the  kitchen  fire  to 
greet  you  on  a  cold  morning  as  you 
stagger  back  from  the  barn  on  the 


Song  of  the  Lazy  ramiepi 


A  THING  that  the  doctors 
ought  to  do  is  to  find  a 
remedy  for  flu,  in  olden  days 
we  called  it  grippe,  and  in  a 
chicken  it’s  the  pip,  but  when 
them  germs  have  got  a-hpld 
and  you  are  stopped  up  with 
a  cold,  you  just  can  call  it 
what  you  please.  It  makes 
a  feller  blow  and  sneeze,  you 
think  you’ll  blow  your  head 
right  off,  and  then  you  double 
up  and  cough  until  you  wish 
that  you  was  dead,  or  maybe 
had  another  head.  There 
ain’t  an  ailment  that  I  know 
that  makes  a  feller  feel  so 
low;  your  friends  all  say, 

“It’s  just  a  cold,”  nobody 
comes  around  to  hold  your 
hand,  or  sympathize  a  bit, 
so  you  just  blow  your  nose 
and  sit. 

The  doctor  don’t  know 
what  to  do  but  let  you  sneeze 
till  you  are  thru,  he  says  a 
cold  must  run  its  course,  and 
even  tho  you  are  so  hoarse 

that  you  can’t  call  the  pigs  to  eat,  you  stumble  round  upon  your  feet, 
with  germs  a-gnawin’  your  inside,  you  could  not  feel  worse  if  you  tried. 
You  take  quinine  and  calomel,  and  if  perchance  you  should  get  well,  the 
doctor  thinks  he  made  a  cure,  but  if  you  die  why  that’s  just  your  hard 
luck,  he  says  “the  microbes  win,”  and  calls  the  undertaker  in.  Of  all  the 
ills  that  mankind’s  got,  the  worst’s  a  cold,  as  like  as  not,  the  whole 
day  thru  you  feel  so  blue,  there  ain’t  a  thing  that  you  can  do  but  sit 
around  and  go  “Getch-oo!” 


crunching  snow?  How  are  you  going 
to  have  a  boiled  dinner  once  in  a  while 
if  you  haven’t  got  corned  beef  down 
cellar  in  a  barrel?  And  we  shall  con¬ 
tinue  to  have  canned  chicken  even 
though  we  freeze  some  of  the  chickens, 
too.  Nothing  will  ever  quite  take'  the 
place  of  canned  chicken  when  visitors 
drop  in  unexpectedly,  and  you  invite 
them  to  stay  for  supper,  and  they  un¬ 
expectedly  say  “yes.” 

There  is  no  quarrel  between  a  freez¬ 
er  and  the  old  reliable  ways  of  keeping 
meat — -corned  and  salted,  smoked,  can¬ 
ned  and  pickled.  It’s  just  the  old- 
fashioned  custom  of  having  to  eat  more 
fresh  meat  than  you  want,  in  order  to 
keep  it  from  spoiling  in  the  January 
thaw,  that  the  freezer  will  supplant. 

If  these  modern  improvements  keep 
multiplying  —  running  water,  electric 
lights,  hard  roads,  school  busses,  and 
meat  freezers  —  farming  will  soon  be¬ 
come  practically  painless.  I  suppose 
people  said  the  same  thing  when  mow¬ 
ing  machines  and  reapers  first  appear¬ 
ed;  said  it  again  when  milking  ma¬ 
chines  came  in.  I  suppose,  too,  that 
with  all  the  scientific  developments, 
there’ll  always  be  enough  work  around 
a  farm  to  give  farmers  plenty  of  exer¬ 
cise.  Just  the  same,  it’s  nice  to  see 
improvements  coming  in  and,  particu¬ 
larly,  improvements  calculated  to  im¬ 
prove  the  farmer’s  meals. 

The  least  the  farmer  and  his  family 
have  a  right  to  expect  in  return  for 
their  labor  is  a  good  table.  A  dairy 
farm  that  sells  the  milk  of  its  forty 
cows  and  then  buys  oleomargarine  for 
its  own  use  doesn’t  quite  make  sense 
to  me;  nor  does  a  poultry  farm  that 
buys  hamburg  twice  a  week  and  never 
has  chicken  liver  omelet  nor  chicken 
with  dumplings.  Prices  go  up  and  they 
go  down,  but  any  farm  that  is  a  farm 
always  has  the  makings  of  a  good  din¬ 
ner  around  the  place  somewhere  if  it 


The  Amateur  Poet’s 
Corner 


Because  of  the  number  of  contributions, 
sve  do  not  return  poems  not  published. 
Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

The  limit  in  length  is  sixteen  (16)  lines 
and  each  poem  submitted  for  this  corner 
must  be  original  and  the  work  of  an 
amateur  poet.  Therefore,  when  sending 
in  a  poem,  be  sure  to  state  whether  you 
are  the  author  of  it.  $2.00  will  be  paid 
for  each  one  printed.  Check  will  be  mail- 
ed  on  or  about  the  first  day  of  month 
following  publication. 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist,  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

OUR  SNOW  MAN 

Stately  he  stands  beside  the  fence, 
Our  little  man  in  white; 

And  shows  his  rare  uncommon  sense 
By  worrying  not  a  mite. 

The  sunshine  threatens  him  by  day 
When  his  choice  is  wintry  blasts; 

But  our  little  man  shows  us  the  way 
To  enjoy  life  while  it  lasts. 

He  keeps  an  unperturbed  repose, 

And  that’s  a  lot  to  do, 

Considering  that  this  fellow  knows 
When  the  snow  goes,  he  goes  too. 

— Mrs.  Grace  E.  Ford, 

Red  Creek,  N.  Y. 


doesn’t  sell  quite  everything  and  keeps 
a  little  for  its  own  table. 

Keeping  boys  on  the  farm  and  liking 
it  is  a  lot  cheaper  than  hiring  help, 
and  one  of  the  cheapest  ways  of  keep¬ 
ing  boys  on  the  farm  is  giving  them 
good  meals  from  part  of  what  they 
help  raise. 

And  I  don’t  know  how  much  longer 
we  could  have  kept  Mrs.  Stoneposts 
on  the  farm  if  we  hadn’t  arranged  to 
get  her  a  porterhouse  steak  at  least 
once  in  six  years  —  with  the  help  of 
Henry  and  a  freezer. 


Viidi  With 

Northeastern  Farm  Folks 


A  YOUNG  LAD  in  the  western  part 
of  New  York  State  is  having  no 
trouble  in  finding  plenty  of  work  to 
keep  him  busy. 

Although  only  a  high  school  junior, 
seventeen  years  of  age,  Hildreth  Bailey 
of  Prattsburg  is  already  well  on  the 
way  to  realize  his  great  ambition, — to 
have  a  farm  of  his  own  stocked  with 
twenty  fine  purebred  Guernsey  cows. 

Six  years  ago,  Hildreth,  who  had  al¬ 
ways  lived  on  a  dairy  farm,  moved, 
with  his  mother,  into  Prattsburg  but 
he  couldn’t  seem  to  “get  away  from 
the  farm”  so  he  announced  to  his 
friends  and  relatives  that  he  was  go¬ 
ing  to  “farm  it.”  They  were  skeptical 
and  wondered  how  this  slight,  scholarly 
looking  100  pound  lad  could  endure  the 
long  hours  and  heavy  work  which 
farming  requires.  The  lad  said  noth¬ 
ing  but  determined  to  show  them  and 
he  has  succeeded  in  doing  so. 

His  herd  was  really  started  by  his 
grandfather  who  gave  him  a  purebred 
Guernsey  calf.  Then  Hildreth  bought 
another  with  what  money  he  had  sav¬ 
ed  and  the  third  he  raised  on  shares. 
Now  he  has  two  purebred  Guernsey 
cows  and  one  Jersey  and  is  raising 
their  calves.  He  has  bought  ten  acres 
of  land,  four  of  which  he  has  planted 
with  sweet  corn  for  his  first  cash  crop. 
The  rest  he  has  reserved  for  pasture. 

Hildreth  is  up  at  six  every  morning 
and  drives  a  mile  and  a  half  to  his 
farm  where  he  milks  his  cows.  He 
returns  home  with  the  milk,  bottles 
some  of  it  for  his  twelve  customers, 
and  separates  the  rest.  His  mother 
makes  butter  for  four  customers. 

He  thinks  that  purebred  cattle  are 
the  safest  bet,  provided  the  sires  have 
been  carefully  chosen. 

With  all  this  work  the  lad’s  school 


marks  are  good  and  he  has  won  a  letter 
as  manager  of  the  Prattsburg  School 
basketball  and  baseball  teams.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Future  Farmers  of 
America  and  has  received  much  valu¬ 
able  assistance  from  his  “Ag.”  course 
in  school.  He  takes  an  .active  part  in 
school  life  and  enjoys  the  school 
dances. 

Hildreth  has  very  definite  plans  re¬ 
garding  his  future  vocation.  He  would 
like  to  devote  his  entire  time  to  farm¬ 
ing  as  soon  as  he  graduates  from  high 
school.  He  is  hoping  that  his  grand¬ 
father  will  either  lease  him  part  of 
his  farm  or  ta)ce  him  into  partnership. 
—Mrs.  T.  W. 

—  A.  A. — 

Over  the  Top  on  a  Hill-Top 
Farm 

WENTY  ACRES  of  potatoes,  2 
acres  of  turnips,  sugaring  last 
spring  and  at  the  same  time  making 
the  matter  of  350  pounds  of  milk  a 
day  are  items  of  farm  business,  which 
Charles  Riddel  of  Williamstown,  Ver¬ 
mont,  casually  informed  the  writer 
that  he  and  his  son  Carl,  20  years  old, 
carried  on  this  last’  year.  And  they  did 
it  without  hiring  help  until  potato 
digging  time.  Outside  of  this,  one 
might  say,  they  didn’t  have  much  to 
do.  But  didn’t  they  ?  Mr.  Riddel  didn’t 
mention  things  like  fixing  farm  ma¬ 
chinery,  repairing  buildings,  running 
the  home  garden,  mending  or  building 
fence  and  all  the  rest  of  the  so-called 
chores,  but  if  we  know  our  farms  we 
know  such  jobs  were  there. 

The  Riddel  farm  is  what  would  prob¬ 
ably  be  called  a  hill  farm  on  the  high 
land  between  Williamstown  and  Chel¬ 
sea,  fertile  country  and  reasonably  near 
(Continued  or*  opposite  page ) 


American  Agriculturist,  January  31,  1942 


23  (103) 


good  markets,  but  crops  don’t  look  af¬ 
ter  themselves  there.  Farmers  there, 
as  elsewhere,  need  to  keep  in  touch 
with  the  new,  just  as  Mr.  Riddel  is 
endeavoring  to  get  facts  on  correcting 
trouble  with  turnips  by  use  of  boron 
and  to  locate  best  sources  for  seed 
potatoes  for  next  year. 

“I  came  onto  the  farm,  starting  from 
scratch,”  Mr.  Riddel  said,  “in  1914,  the 
day  England  declared  war  on  Ger¬ 
many.”  That  just  happened  that  way, 
but  it  isn’t  “happenstance”  that  now, 
when  war  calls  again  for  all  our  agri¬ 
cultural  effort,  he  is  ready  on  a  firm 
economic  foundation,  backed  by  27 
years  of  successful  farm  operation, 
staunchly  to  do  his  part.— Harold  L. 
Bailey. 

— a.  a. — 

Charles  O.  Butts 

Six-foot  Charles  O.  Butts,  youthful 
farmer  of  Prattsburg,  New  York,  has 
packed  a  lot  of  progressive  living  into 
his  eighteen  years. 

At  the  age  of  14  he  belonged  to  the 
Grange,  >at  16  he  began  keeping  cost 
accounts  for  his  father,  Mr.  Maynard 


C.  Butts,  who  operates  a  200-acre  po¬ 
tato  and  dairy  farm,  at  17  he  was 
president  of  the  Prattsburg  Future 
Farmers  of  America  Club,  and  at  18, 
his  present  age,  he  became  Master  of 
Prattsburg  Grange! 

Along  with  these  other  accomplish¬ 
ments  young  Butts  graduated  from 
Central  High  School  in  1940,  played  in 


the  local  band  and  cared  for  his  own 
herd  of  5  purebred  Holsteins. 

“In  my  spare  time  I  read  8  leading 
farm  magazines,  play  guitar  and  do 
outside  jobs,”  declares  the  18-year-old 
Grange  Master. — Mrs.  Clara  Mack. 

— A.  a.  — 

On-the-Eevel  Farmers 

By  WARREN  HUFF. 

( 4 TTE’S  GONE  completely  crazy.” 

rl-‘lt  must  be  another  book  idea.” 
Yes,  those  were  remarks  made  about 
Grover  Babbitt  of  Houghton,  Allegany 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  the  spring  of  1937  when 
he  started  plowing  crooked  furrows 
and  planting  crooked  rows  of  beans 
and  potatoes.  One  neighbor  finally  ask¬ 
ed,  “Grover,  what  in  the  world  are  you 
trying  to  do?”  Grover  is  a  rugged  in¬ 
dividualist  who  doesn’t  worry  about 
what  neighbors  say.  He  simply  said, 
“Every  time  I  planted  beans  and  pota¬ 
toes  up  and  down  this  slope,  that  road 
ditch  below  the  field  would  fill  up  and 
I  began  to  see  spots  of  yellow  subsoil 
showing.  I  went  to  our  county  agent 
with  this  problem.  He  brought  in  some 
assistance  and  we  laid  out  these  con¬ 
tour  fields  and  diversion  terraces  with 
a  simple  level.” 

Grover  has  been  farming  on  the  level 
for  four  years.  He  says  this  way  of 
farming  is  beyond  the  trial  stage.  He 
does  not  have  wet  spots  in  the  spring. 
The  diversion  terraces  carry  the  ex¬ 
cess  water  over  to  the  pasture.  The 
road  ditch  doesn’t  have  to  be  cleaned 
now  and  yields  are  increasing.  The 
strip  cropping  on  the  level  holds  the 
soil  and  water  where  it  does  some  good. 

This  is  not  a  mythical  story.  Mr. 
Babbitt  is  a  graduate  of  the  Syracuse 
University  Law  School  of  “way  back”; 
he  roomed  with  Ed  Babcock  and  he’s 
been  in  the  business  of  farming  in  Al¬ 
legany  County,  New  York  for  a  long 
time.  Grover  is  a  pioneer  in  his  com¬ 
munity.  Two  years  ago  he  rigged  up  a 
level  and  helped  his  neighbor  lay  out 
some  contour  lines  so  that  he  could 
start  farming  on  the  level. 

Many  of  you  readers  are  Also  pio¬ 
neering  by  demonstrating  the  idea  of 
farming  on  the  level.  Why  don’t  you 
write  in  giving  us  your  ideas  about 
contour  farming?  If  you  practice  it, 
give  us  some  of  your  experiences  with 
it,  where  you  first  heard  of  it,  and 
how  you  like  it.  If  you  have  seen  con¬ 
tour  farming  or  have  read  about  it  and 
don’t  like  the  idea,  we  are  interested 
in  your  ideas,  too. 


Pe/iAowcd 


Is  Bill  Her  Mail? 

Dear  Lucile :  I  read  your  column  each 
month  and  think  it  good.  I  like  your 
sound  advice.  I’ve  always  been  pretty 


“Don’t  you  dare  sell  my  husband 
any  more  of  those  vitamin  pills!” 


Pnxudeml 


proud  of  myself  for  being  able  to  answer 
my  own  problems,  but — • 

First  let  me  tell  you  a  little  about  my¬ 
self.  I  am  twenty.  I  graduated  from  high 
school  two  years  ago.  Seven  months  ago 
I  met  Bill.  He  is  two  years  older  than  I. 
We  went  to  school  together  and  had  a 
schoolkid  affair  seven  years  ago.  Now  I 
seem  to  be  in  love  with  him.  He  is  rather 
happy-go-lucky  and  a  great  “ladies” 
man ;  but  he  says  he  is  in  love  with  me 
and  I  believe  he  is.  My  parents  do  not 
like  him,  and  that  is  bad  because  I  have 
two  sisters  and  one  brother  married  and 
we  are  all  a  happy  family  and  I  love 
harmony  within  a  family.  The  only  rea¬ 
son  I  ever  got  from  them  is  that  he  is  a 
“smarty.”  He  is  young  and  gay,  but  so 
am  I.  I’m  very  frivolous,  but  then  I  like 
quiet  moments.  I  like  nature,  he  doesn’t. 
His  family  likes  ipe,  I’m  sure,  and  I  visit 
them  quite  often. 

This  is  a  mixed  up  letter,  but  I’m  mixed 
up,  too. 

Very  often,  too  often,  I  think  about  a 
boy  I  went  with  before  I  met  Bill.  Call 
him  “R.”  He  is  the  quiet,  conservative 
type, .  exceedingly  well  thought  of  in  this 
and  surrounding  communities.  He  and 
his  brother  have  their  own  business  and 
a  good  one,  too.  He  did  everything  pos¬ 
sible  for  me  and  lavished  gifts  upon  me. 
He  would  make  an  ideal  husband.  How¬ 


ever,  I  love  to  dance  and  have  gay  times 
once  in  a  while  (not  all  the  time).  He 
doesn’t  like  parties,  dances,  etc.,  likes 
traveling.  We  have  many  things  in  com¬ 
mon :  Friends,  books,  nature,  church,  etc. 
I  would  have  been  happy  still  going  with 
him  occasionally,  but  it  was  all  or  no¬ 
thing  with  him.  He  also  wanted  to  give 
me  a  diamond.  I  broke  with  him  last  Oc¬ 
tober.  My  parents  approved  of  him,  but 
with  him  I  never  felt  the  same  thrill  or 
zest  for  living  as  I  do  with  Bill. 

Bill  is  very  affectionate,  but  I  know 
he  feels  the  coolness  of  my  parents  and 
sister.  They  treat  him  like  a  naughty 
boy. 

If  you  have  time  to  read  this  epistle,  I 
hope  you  have  time  to  give  me  a  bit  of 
advice.  I’d  appreciate  it  a  lot. — All  Mud¬ 
dled  Up. 

Isn’t  it  provoking  that  a  woman’s 
nature  is  such  that  she  can  consider 
two  young  men  —  one  who  is  good  for 
her  and  one  who  is  not — and  then 
choose  the  one  who  is  not! 

“R”  is  undoubtedly  the  sterling- 
quality  young  man  that  common  sense 
tells  you  to  cling  to — but  the  youth  and 
gaiety  in  Bill  appeals  to  you.  The 
only  thing — will  it  be  so  appealing  if 
you  marry  him  and  find  that  he  dis¬ 
plays  the  same  enthusiasm  for  other 
personable  young  women?  So  many 
times  these  “ladies  men,”  as  you  term 
Bill,  don’t  change  with  the  marriage 
ceremony,  you  know.  They  often  love 
one  woman — usually  their  wife — truly, 
but  aren’t  above  making  pretty 
speeches  to  as  many  others  as  will 
listen. 

The  thing  is,  I  think,  that  if  you 
truly  love  Bill — enough  to  take  him 
with  these  shortcomings  and  realizing 
that  he  may  someday  break  your 
heart,  then  you  might  have  greater 
happiness  with  him  than  with  the  sober, 
settled  R.  But — it  might  not  last  so 
long  or  settle  down  into  the  steady, 
staid  affection  that  makes  for  long  and 


The  Stowaway 

By  Bianca  Bradbury. 

I  thought  that  I  could  run  away, 
Leaving  love  like  contraband 
Small  treasure  buried  deep,  and  go; 
But  seeking  out  a  lonely  land, 

And  kneeling  by  a  lonely  hearth, 

I  found  it  nestled  in  my  hand. 


happy  marriages. 

So — you  decide.  A  happy  fling  with 
Bill  or  a  settled  sort  of  life  with  the 
other  young  man.  Or  maybe  not  a 
choice  between  either  just  yet.  At  20 
you’re  young  enough  to  wait  as  long  as 
you  wish — until  you’re  sure  the  one 
you  take  is  right  for  you. 

— a.  a. — 

Not  Enough  Difference 

Dear  Lucile :  I  am  in  love  with  a  young 
soldier  and  he  loves  me,  too.  But  I  am 
going  on  21  and  he  is  only  19.  I  thought 
that  might  make  a  difference  and  we  had 
a  disagreement  over  it.  We  usually  get 
along  fine  and  his  folks  seem  to  like  me. 
Do  you  think  it  matters? — Sally. 

If  your  friend  is  19  and  you  are  only 
20,  I  certainly  do  not  think  the  differ¬ 
ence  in  your  ages  is  enough  for  you  to 
give  it  a  second  thought.  I  have  known 
of  cases  where  the  woman  was  four  or 
even  six  years  older  than  her  husband 
and  they  were  perfectly  happy.  So 
many  years  as  that,  however,  is  taking 
a  greater  chance  than  you  would  be 
taking,  with  just  the  one  year  between 
you. 

With  his  folks  liking  you  so  well 
and  you  and  the  young  man  seemingly 
so  congenial,  I  certainly  think  you 
should  patch  up  your  misunderstand¬ 
ing  and  look  forward  to  “living  happily 
ever  after”  when  he’s  kept  his  date 
with  Uncle  Sam. 


with  SMILIN’  JACK 


The  “SUNSHINE  PALS” 

ON  THE  AIR  FOR 


MILKERS  ■  COOLERS  ■  FENCERS 
■  WATER  HEATERS  ■ 


MON.,WED.,FRI.,  -  7:15-7:30  A.  M. 

ITHACA  WHCU  NEW  YORK 

“870  ON  YOUR  DIAL” 


(104)  24 


American  Agriculturist,  January  31,  1942 


Kernels,  Screenings 
and  Chaff 

By  II.  E.  BABCOCK 


AS  THIS  is  written,  northeast¬ 
ern  agriculture  apparently 
has  received  a  jarring  set¬ 
back.  Congress,  it  is  report¬ 
ed,  has  decided  to  eliminate  con¬ 
sideration  of  industrial  wages  as  a 
factor  in  determining  ceilings  for 
farm  prices. 

The  result  of  this  decision ,  I  pre¬ 
dict ,  will  be  the  setting  of  prices 
for  such  northeastern  farm  prod¬ 
ucts  as  milk ,  eggs ,  fat  stock ,  can¬ 
ning  crops  and  fresh  fruits  and 
vegetables  at  levels  so  low  that  the 
Northeast’s  contributions  of  these 
items  to  the  agricultural  produc¬ 
tion  of  this  country  must  gradu¬ 
ally  dry  up. 

The  same  effect  will  be  felt  on 
the  Pacific  Coast  and  in  all  other 
areas  in  which  farmers  must  com¬ 
pete  with  industry  for  labor.  Only 
those  mass  production  crops  like 
grain  and  soybeans,  where  labor  is 
not  a  big  item,  and  those  areas  in 
which  there  is  little  industry  will 
be  immune  from  the  impact  of 
what,  if  reports  *are  true,  will  go 
down  in  history  as  one  of  the  most 
vital  decisions  affecting  agriculture 
ever  made  by  Congress. 

Public  Hostile 

There  is  no  question  but  that  the 
decision  of  Congress  to  eliminate 
consideration  of  industrial  wages  in 
establishing  price  ceilings  for  agri¬ 
cultural  products  was  influenced  by 
the  growing  hostile  attitude  of  the 
general  public  toward  farmers. 

This  hostility  traces  back  to  the 
thirties  when  certain  farm  groups 
resorted  to  power  politics  to  force  a 
government-directed  program  of 
scarcity  and  to  secure  direct  subsi¬ 
dies  for  farmers  from  the  United 
States  Treasury.  The  public’s  re¬ 
action  to  what  farmers  did  during 
this  period  has  been  heightened  by 
its  resentment  of  recent  similar  tac¬ 
tics  by  labor  unions. 

Housewives  have  a  long  memory 
and  when  'food  prices  began  their 
recent  rise,  even  though  they  started 
from  abnormally  low  levels,  they 
were  quick  to  remember  what  they 
had  heard  and  read  about  cotton 
plowed  under,  and  farmers  being 
paid  by  the  government  not  to  grow 
things.  Consequently ,  the  public 
now  fights  and  will  continue  to 
fight  every  attempt  to  get  a  square 
deal  for  agriculture.  Only  a  food 
shortage  will  bring  it  to  a  realiza¬ 
tion  of  true  values.  This  will  be  a 
tragedy  for  all. 

Not  Itself  Inflationary 

One  of  the  arguments  with  which 
the  country  was  flooded  to  defeat 
the  O’Mahoney  amendment  to  the 
Senate  price  control  bill,  which 
would  have  made  it  mandatory  to 
give  consideration  to  the  level  of 
industrial  wages  in  setting  farm 
price  ceilings,  was  that  such  legisla¬ 
tion  was  inflationary.  Exaggerated 
statements  of  the  heights  to  which 
food  and  fibre  prices  would  soar  if 


tied  to  industrial  wages  were  re¬ 
leased  by  opponents  of  the  amend¬ 
ment. 

Clearly,  the  opponents  of  the 
O’Mahoney  amendment  had  the 
cart  before  the  horse.  If  there  is 
any  fact  which  stands  out  today ,  it 
is  that  the  most  important  factor 
in  bringing  on  inflation  is  uncon¬ 
trolled  wages.  All  the  Senate  at¬ 
tempted  to  do  when  it  voted"  for  the 
O’Mahoney  amendment  was  to  pro¬ 
vide  that  if  the  Administration’s 
policy  of  not  controlling  wages  is 
to  prevail,  farm  price  ceilings  be 
allowed  to  go  up  with  wages. 

Organizations  Fought  Hard 

Although  apparently  defeated, 
farmers  can  well  be  proud  of  the 
fight  some  of  their  leaders  made  for 
them.  The  new  National  Master 
of  the  Grange,  Albert  Goss,  distin¬ 
guished  himself.  The  Secretary  of 
the  National  Milk  Producers  Fed¬ 
eration,  Charles  Holman,  turned  in 
an  outstanding  performance.  They 
were*  ably  supported  by  hundreds 
of  other  farm  leaders  who  know  the 
business  of  farming. 

What  Lies  Ahead 

The  simplest  statement  of  what 
lies  ahead  for  northeastern  agricul¬ 
ture  once  the  price  control  bill  with¬ 
out  the  O’Mahoney  amendment 
goes  into  effect  is  this:  from  day  to 
day ,  it  is  going  to  be  more  difficult 
to  buy  the  supplies,  secure  the 
labor  and  pay  the  expenses  of  pro¬ 
ducing  milk,  eggs,  fat  stock,  can¬ 
ning  crops,  and  fresh  fruits  and 
vegetables.  Under  a  system  of 
price  setting  which  lets  wages  run 
wild,  while  farm  prices  are  kept  un¬ 
der  artificially  low  ceilings,  the 
Northeast  gradually  will  have  to  re¬ 
treat  to  the  production  of  grass  and 
grain. 

The  competition  of  industry  for 
farm  labor  has  only  just  begun. 
Freight  rates  will  presently  be  sub¬ 
stantially  advanced  as  a  direct  re¬ 
sult  of  wage  increases.  This  will 
immediately  put  up  the  price  of  all 
supplies  northeastern  farmers  buy. 
Coastwise  shipping  is  already  over¬ 
loaded.  Now  it  is  being  systematic¬ 
ally  preyed  upon  by  enemy  sub¬ 
marines.  The  general  public  is  hos¬ 
tile  to  farmers.  It  resents  their  past 
national  policy  of  scarcity,  their 
present  direct  subsidies  from  the 
United  States  Treasury,  the  power 
politics  they  have  employed.  It  is 
all  most  discouraging. 

No  Time  to  Lie  Down 

However,  there  is  nothing  encour¬ 
aging  ahead  of  our  boys  in  the 
Phillipines  or  on  our  destroyers  in 
the  Atlantic.  They  are  not  lying 
down  and  we  mustn’t. 

We  are  fortunate  in  our  national 
Secretary  of  Agriculture.  On  our 
farms  we  can  perhaps  run  our  trac¬ 
tors  and  our  milking  machines  with 
women  and  children.  We  can  ac¬ 
cept  daylight  saving  to  get  in  an¬ 
other  hour’s  work  each  day.  Above 


everything  else  we  can  apply  our 
Yankee  ingenuity  in  a  thousand  and 
one  ways  to  overcome  the  handicaps 
under  which  we  shall  be  laboring. 

Save  Institutions 

At  the  same  time  we  can  fight  a 
battle  which  is  more  constructive 
than  the  purely  defensive  action  to 
which  the  price  control  bill  appar¬ 
ently  will  limit  us. 

We  can  keep  alive  and  strength¬ 
en  the  home  democratic  institu¬ 
tions  which  we  are  fighting  to  pre¬ 
serve.  We  can  try  to  get  ourselves 
out  of  debt.  We  can  use  our  re¬ 
sources  to  get  our  local  and  regional 


cooperatives,  our  granges,  and  our 
churches  out  of  debt.  We  can  take 
more  interest  in  our  town  and  coun¬ 
ty  governments. 

Most  important  of  all,  we  can 
keep  alive  the  form  and  spirit  of 
the  town  meeting  by  frequently 
meeting  together  and  dealing  with 
our  problems  at  home.  No  more 
effective  means  of  making  democ¬ 
racy  work  has  even  been  employed 
by  civilized  man. 

In  a  word,  let’s  guard  the  home 
front  —  use  most  of  our  funds  to 
support  its  institutions,  our  energy 
to  develop  them,  our  resourceful¬ 
ness  to  protect  them. 


DOWN  MEXICO  WAY 

By  H.  E.  Babcock,  Jr. 


January  9,  1942. 

ACK  in  the  Southwest  again  after 
three  weeks  in  the'  Northeast,  we 
are  beginning  to  feel  like  natives  of 
this  section  of  the  country.  Our  trip 
to  New  York  State  over  the  holidays 
was  long  awaited  and  well  enjoyed. 
But  for  the  first  time  we  began  to  feel 
that  we  had  two  homes:  one  where  we 
were  born  and  raised;  one  where  Anne, 
Tony  and  I  are  established  as  a  family. 
Perhaps  the  past  year’s  work  for  our¬ 
selves  has  given  us  this  new  picture. 

A  review  of  the  past  year  can  give 
us  only  a  feeling  of  satisfaction,  for 
most  of  the  disappointments  that  there 
have  been  will  soon  be  forgotten  as 
minor,  even  though  they  appear  as 
major  things  now.  Reviewing  the  past 
year  I  have  discounted  the  disappoint¬ 
ments,  which  were  largely  acts  of  God; 
and,  remembering  as  many  of  my  own 
mistakes  as  I  can,  I  have  made  plans 
for  the  future. 

SHEEP 

On  a  farm,  plans  cannot  be  made  for 
all  operations  at  a  definite  time,  nor 
can  mistakes  all  be  remedied  at  one 
time.  My  mistakes  in  the  sheep  opera¬ 
tion,  I  feel  sure,  have  been  few.  The 
major  error  has  been  in  keeping  too 
large  a  farm  flock  during  the  summer 
season.  Summer  feed  has  not  neces¬ 
sarily  been  a  problem.  Together  with 
other  attendant  problems  of  sheep  hus¬ 
bandry,  adequate  care  —  rather  than 
the  best  care  —  has  been  the  rule  for 
the  ewe  flock  during  the  busiest4  farm¬ 
ing  season.  To  overcome  this  weak¬ 
ness  which  is  pretty  apt  to  exist  every 
summer,  I  am  going  to  reduce  the  size 
of  the  flock  to  a  quarter  of  its  present 
size  for  this  next  summer. 

The  actual  reduction  of  the  flock  will 
not  take  place  until  about  the  first  of 
May.  The  ewe  flock  and  its  added 
number  of  old  ewes,  bought  last  fall, 
will  be  held  until  it  has  been  sheared, 
and  until  all  of  the  lambs,  which  will 
be  lambed  before  March  15th,  have 
reached  a  size  to  sell  as  spring  lambs. 
I  am  not  hoping  that  lambs  born  as 
late  as  March  15th  will  all  be  heavy 
and  fat  enough  for  the  spring  lamb 
market  in  six  or  eight  weeks.  But  I 
do  know  that  there  will  be  only  a  small 
percentage  of  these  lambs.  One  hun¬ 
dred  of  the  best  Dorset  and  cross-bred 
Dorset  ewes  will  be  kept  as  the  farm 
flock  at  the  final  culling. 

HOGS 

Mistakes  in  the  hog  operation  have 
revolved  largely  around  providing  feed¬ 
er  space  enough  for  the  rapidly  grow¬ 
ing  herd  of  hogs.  We  have  suffered 
no  serious  setback  in  the  operation  by 
lack  of  feeding  space,  but  by  close  ob¬ 
servation  we  have  seen  almost  immedi¬ 
ately  when  trouble  was  starting.  With 
self-feeders  this  has  been  quite  differ¬ 
ent  from  trough  feeding,  where  a 
shortage  of  trough  space  can  be  recog¬ 
nized  immediately.  Squeals  have  been 
my  best  indication  that  r  hog  hasn’t 


been  getting  enough  to  eat.  Short 
space  causes  crowding,  crowding  causes 
fights,  and  fights  are  accompanied  by 
squeals  of  a  character  and  intensity 
which  cannot  be  ignored. 

HORSES 

At  this  time  of  year,  our  mares  seem 
to  be  the  biggest  drag  on  the  farm. 
As  a  rule  only  one  or  two  teams  work 
each  day,  and  the  other  ten  to  twelve 
mares  seem  to  eat  tons  of  hay.  Hap¬ 
pening  day  after  day,  it  becomes  dis¬ 
concerting  unless  due  consideration  is 
given  the  mule  colts  which  will  come 
in  the  spring.  I  remember  in  June 
when  fourteen  mares  and  three  trac¬ 
tors  didn’t  seem  to  be  getting  the  work 
done.  At  that  time  every  mare  is  ap¬ 
preciated.  With  the  national  emerg¬ 
ency  affecting  our  tractors  in  more 
than  one  way,  probably  our  mares  will 
come  to  be  more  fully  valued  next  year. 

MAIZE 

Wheatland  maize,  in  my  two  years’ 
experience  with  it,  appears  to  be  the 
best  grain  crop  we  can  raise.  It  will, 
therefore,  be  the  major  grain  crop  on 
the  farm  again  this  yeai;.  A  small 
field  of  seed  corn  will  be  the  minor 
crop.  Admittedly  this  will  be  an  ex¬ 
periment  to  see  if  the  return  for  the 
grain,  as  seed,  will  make  the  same  re¬ 
turn  per  acre  as  Wheatland  maize.  It 
will  serve  as  a  cash  crop  with  cotton. 
As  a  rule  the  maize  and  hay  are  best 
marketed  through  the  feed  lot. 

ALFALFA 

My  experience  in  making  hay  is  lim¬ 
ited  to  a  very  few  years.  Older  men 
who  have  been  making  hay  for  forty  or 
fifty  years  may  take  issue  with  me  on 
the  following,  but  for  the  next  season, 
or  at  least  the  first  cutting,  I  am  go¬ 
ing  ahead  on  this  reasoning:  hay 
should  be  cut  when  it  is  ready.  Unless 
it  is  actually  raining  at  the  time,  at¬ 
tempts  to  beat  the  weather,  year  af¬ 
ter  year,  will  be  no  more  successful 
than  complete  disregard  for  the  weath¬ 
er.  Our  weather  men,  trained  in  their 
trade,  make  no  attempt  to  guarantee 
that  hay  cut  today  will  not  get  wet 
three  days  from  now.  As  amateurs,  I 
can’t  see  how  we  can  best  them. 

FUTURE 

Due  to  the  nature  of  this  irrigated 
section,  crop  plans  will  remain  about 
the  same  from  year  to  year.  Mistakes 
in  the  past  will  be  remedied  as  the  time 
to  remedy  them  comes.  No  doubt  there 
will  be  new  mistakes  made,  but  mak¬ 
ing  them  and  correcting  them  adds  to 
the  fun  of  farming.  The  plans  are  set¬ 
tled  as  far  as  possible  but  they  are 
also  left  flexible  enough  to  dream 
about  and  to  change. 

My  definite  aim  in  livestock  opera¬ 
tions  is  to  continually  improve  my 
quality.  This  may  be  done  by  pur¬ 
chases — but  for  the  greatest  enjoyment 
will  be  done  largely  by  selection. 


American  Agriculturist,  January  31,  1942 


25  (105) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 


Rif,  JL.  GosUine 


Pick  Your  Egg  Buyer 

“I  am  sending  you  a  shipping  tag  which 
I  received  from  an  egg  buyer  in  Brook¬ 
lyn.  Do  you  recommend  him?” 

This  firm  is  not  listed  in  our  market 
guide;  we  do  not  advise  shipping  to 
any  firm  that  is  not  so  listed,  in  fact 
we  usually  suggest  caution  in  ship¬ 
ping  to  anyone  who  is  not  given  an 
average  or  better  than  average  rating 
in  our  Market  Guide.  This  firm  is  not 
located  in  the  egg  receiving  district 
in  Manhattan.  That  of  course,  is  not 
a  proof  of  lack  of  reliability,  but  it  is 
a  fact  that  most  of  the  well-known  egg 
receivers  are  grouped  together  in  one 
area. 

You  can  get  a  list  of  licensed  com¬ 
mission  men  by  dropping  a  post  card  to 
the  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
Markets  at  Albany.  Here  again,  some 
of  these  men  who  are  licensed  and 
bonded  are  given  a  better  rating  by  our 
market  guide  than  others. 

Our  general  advice  is  to  pick  an  egg 
receiver  with,  a  good  rating  and  so  long 
as  you  get  satisfaction,  to  continue  to 
ship  to  him.  There  is  little  to  be  gained 
by  changing  receivers  every  few 
months.  ,  , 

- A.  A. - 

No  Reply 

“I  have  shipped  guinea  pigs  to  the  Ani¬ 
mal  Supply  Research  Company  in  Brook¬ 
lyn.  The  last  shipment  was  in  October; 
I  have  not  received  any  money  and  they 
don’t  answer  any  letters.” 

This  is  one  of  several  recent  com¬ 
plaints,  and  up  to  date,  our  letters  to 
this  concern  have  not  been  answered. 
Therefore,  we  give  you  the  record  for 
your  guidance.  If  these  subscribers  get 
their  money,  we  will  be  glad  to  make 
a  note  of  it  on  this  page. 

— a.  a. — 

Caught! 

Some  of  you  \will  remember  that  in 
the  September  27  issue  we  mentioned 
a  subscriber  who  bought  coal  from  a 
Pennsylvania  trucker,  later  to  find 
that  he  had  received  a  lot  less  coal 
than  he  had  paid  for.  Now  we  can 
report  that  John  Bixler  of  Shamokin, 
Pennsylvania,  was  arrested  in  Tioga 


Let  Us  Help  You 

THE  following  Home  Servi-ce 
bulletins  have  been  prepared 
by  American  Agriculturist’s  Home 
Editor,  Mrs.  Grace  Watkins  Huck- 
ett,  and  are  available  to  any 
reader  without  cost  other  than 
3c  each  to  cover  mailing  and 
mimeographing  costs: 

□  No.  2  — BLANKETS.  Selecting. 

washing,  and  moth  protec 
tion. 

□  No.  3  —  APPLE  RECIPES.  Your 
family  will  like  these. 

□  No.  4  — PROTECTIVE  FOODS. 

Good  health  for  the  family. 
□  No.  5  —  SCHOOL  LUNCHES. 

□  No.  6  — HOME  CANNING  AND 
CURING  OF  MEATS.  Di¬ 
rections  are  easy  to  follow, 

□  No.  7  —  CHOPPED  MEAT  RECIPES 
Tasty,  economical  meat 
dishes. 

□  No.  8  — BUYING  A  WASHING 
MACHINE 

□  No.  9_TrMPT,-.c  WAYS  TO 
SERVE  EGGS. 

□  No.  io— HOMEMADE  JAMS  AND 
JELLIES. 

□  No.  12— HOME  OUILT-M  AKING. 
□  No.  13— GOOD  FISH  IN  THE  SEA. 

Delicious  fish  recipes  for 
farm  families. 

□  No.  14— SALADS  FOR  EVERY  DAY. 

One  of  the  best  Home  Ser¬ 
vice  Bulletins  we  have  ever 
published.  Eight  pages  of 
grand  salad  combinations 
and  dressings. 

How  to  order  these  bulletins : 
Check  those  you  want,  include  3c 
for  each  one  desired,  and  return 
this  coupon  to  American  Agricul¬ 
turist,  Box  367-H,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


County,  New  York,  pled  guilty  to  the 
charge,  and  was  fined  $30.00.  The 
charge,  as  you  will  probably  guess,  was 
selling  and  delivering  short-weight 
coal. 

A  warrant  was  secured  last  summer 
and  the  authorities  have  been  waiting 
until  Mr.  Bixler  made  his  appearance 
in  Tioga  County. 

— a.  a. — 

Too  Much  Credit 

“It  has  been  a  year  since  I  sold  some 
onions  to  a  man  who  came  to  the  farm 
to  buy.  You  have  been  helpful  in  collect¬ 
ing  part  of  the  money,  but  you  asked  me 
to  remind  you  if  I  did  not  get  the  balance, 
and  this  is  a  reminder. 

“It  does  not  seem  right  for  a  man  to 
come  to  your  place  and  buy  onions, 
promise  to  pay  the  balance  in  a  week, 
and  wait  a  year.” 

Of  course,  our  subscriber  is  abso¬ 
lutely  right.  Unfortunately,  a  man  can¬ 
not  be  forced  to  pay  a  debt  without  su¬ 
ing  him.  Even  then,  if  he  has  no  prop¬ 
erty,  a  judgment  can’t  be  collected. 
We  are  continuing  our  efforts,  in  the 
meantime  reminding  our  readers  that 
the  safe  way  to  do  business  is  to  de¬ 
mand  cash  except  from  individuals  or 
firms  that  have  established  a  worth¬ 
while  credit  rating.  \ 

—  a.  a. — 

Line  Fences 

“May  I  ask  a  question  in  regard  to  line 
fences?  I  am  told  if  I  have  no  stock  or 
harbor  none  after  a  period  of  years,  I  am 
exempt  from  building  or  repairing  any 
line  fence.  My  husband  died  in  1908,  and  I 
sold  all  the  stock  that  summer  and  have 
had  no  stock  since.  I  have  repaired  near¬ 
ly  all  the  line  fence  to  date  that  has  been 
repaired.” 

I  can  find  nothing  in  the  law  to  sub¬ 
stantiate  your  impression  on  this  mat¬ 
ter.  Every  property  owner  is  expected 
to  build  and  maintain  half  of  the  line 
fence  regardless  of  whether  or  not  he 
pastures  stock.  You  have  no  complaint 
against  your  neighbor  if  his  stock  get 
through  the  fence  you  are  expected  to 
maintain.  If  stock  gets  through  your 
fence  and  on  another  man’s  property, 
this  man  has  claim  against  you  rather 
than  the  owner  of  the  stock. 

— a.  a.  — 

Licenses  for  Truckers 

Truckmen  in  New  York  State  who 
buy,  transport  or  sell  farm  produce, 
should  acquaint  themselves  with  a  law 
that  went  into  effect  January  1.  The 
law  requires  that  truckers  who  buy, 
transport,  or  sell  farm  produce  must 
register  with  the  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture  and  Markets;  and  secure  not 
only  a  personal  certificate,  but  also  a 
registration  sign  to  be  carried  on  each 
truck.  Locally  licensed  venders  or 
hucksters  who  operate  exclusively  in 
the  territory  covered  by  the  license, 
are  exempt.  _ a 

Give  Full  Name! 

Many  subscribers  are  inquiring  about 
the  reliability  of  various  Life  Insurance 
Companies.  Most  of  the  ones  about 
which  they  ask  do  business  through  the 
mails  and  are  not  licensed  by  State 
Departments  of  Insurance  in  states  in 
which  American  Agriculturist  circu¬ 
lates.  The  Service  Bureau  feels  that 
it  is  wise  to  do  business  with  com¬ 
panies  that  are  licensed. 

However,  the  object  of  this  item  is  to 
emphasize  the  importance  of  giving 
the  full  name  of  insurance  companies 
that  you  inquire  about,  as  well  as  the 
address  of  their  main  office.  There  are 
a  number  of  insurance  companies  with 
similar  names  and  unless  the  exact 
name  and  home  office  is  given,  we  can¬ 
not  be  certain  of  the  identity  of  the 
company  about  which  you  ask. 


Struck  By  2  T rains 


— Photo  by  Malcolm  T.  Phelps. 

Julius  Trank,  East  Aurora,  New  York,  was  in  this  car 
when  struck  by  two  trains.  He  lives  to  tell  his  story. 


THIS  IS  HIS  STORY 

I  LEFT  the  house  one  forenoon 
to  see  a  fellow  out  on  the  Berry 
Road,  about  five  miles  from  Fre- 
donia,  N.  Y.  It’s  near  a  place  call¬ 
ed  Van  Buren,  just  a  little  settle¬ 
ment  of  a  few  stores  and  cottages. 

I  came  to  some  railroad  tracks 
a  few  miles  down  the  road,  and 
not  seeing  or  hearing  any  signal  I 
started  up  a  little  rise  to  cross  the 
tracks.  Suddenly  there  was  a  loud 
crash  that  sounded  like  the  smash¬ 
ing  in  of  a  big  oil  barrel.  The  next 
thing  I  heard  was  people  yelling — 
“Are  you  dead,  are  you  dead?” 
A  fast  train  had  struck  my  car 
and  had  thrown  it  over  onto  an¬ 
other  set  of  tracks. 

Some  fellows  ran  up  and  start¬ 
ed  to  get  me  out  of  the  crushed 
car.  Then  everything  became 
quiet.  Suddenly  there  was  another 
terrible  crash  as  a  second  train 
smashed  into  my  car  and  carried 
it  about  200  feet  down  the  tracks. 
My  car  wasn’t  worth  much  after 
that. 

Finally  some  men  dragged  me 
free  and  asked  me  my  name.  I 
said,  “Julius  Trank,  and  be  sure 
to  get  it  ‘Trank’  and  not  ‘Frank’.” 
Then  they  put  me  on  a  stretcher 
and  carried  me  in  a  baggage  car 
to  the  next  station.  As  the  train 


stopped  I  remember  the  “Doc” 
saying  —  “Leave  him  on  that 
stretcher,  don’t  change  him.” 

I  thought  it  was  night  all  the 
time.  I  must  have  been  uncon¬ 
scious  the  first  few  days,  but  after 
that  they  couldn’t  fool  me.  But 
say,  isn’t  it  funny  that  I  am  here 
now  after  being  hit  by  two  trains. 
I  just  knew  I  wasn’t  going  to  die. 

For  the  last  nine  years  I  have 
been  selling  North  American 
Travel  Accident  Insurance  poli¬ 
cies,  telling  people  how  valuable 
was  the  service.  Now  I  can  talk 
from  personal  experience  because 
I  carried  a  travel  policy  and  drew 
the  full  weekly  benefits  while 
laid  up. 


Mr.  Trank  is  62  years  old  and  still 
full  of  pep.  This  picture  was  taken 
several  months  after  his  accident. 
Now  he  is  back  on  the  job  again 
selling  the  dependable  low-cost  travel 
accident  protection. 


fCe&n  I/OM*  Policy  (Zesieiaed 


North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co. 

Oldest  and  Largest  Exclusive  JCeahU  and  Occident  Company  in  America 


N.  A. Associates  Department 


Poughkeepsie.  N.Y. 


Every  Four  Minutes 


of  our  working  day  a  shining,  bright,  new 
Surge  Milker  comes  off  the  "line” 


BABSON  BROS.  CO. 

OF  NEW  YORK,  Dept.  3061 
566  Spencer  Street,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


The  fact  that  you  might  have  to  wait  a  few  days  is  not  because  we 
are  not  making  many  thousands  of  milkers,  but  rather  because  so 
many  careful  dairy  farmers  have  learned  that  the  Surge  does  do  a 
better,  faster  and  cleaner  job  of  milking  all  kinds  of  cows  under  all 
kinds  of  conditions  .  .  .  that  it  is  much  more  easily  and  quickly 
scrubbed  clean.  That’s  why  you  can  well  afford  to  wait  a  few  days 
to  get  genuine  Surge  Milking .  . .  just  talk  to  your  neighbors  who 
have  used  a  Surge  anywhere  from  six  to  sixteen  years. 


The  nearest  dealer  can  doubtless  offer  you  easy  terms  that  will 
be  entirely  satisfactory  and  there  is  little  reason  to  suppose  that 
you  will  ever  again  be  able  to  buy  a  Surge  Milker  for  so  few  gallons 
of  milk  or  so  few  pounds  of  butter  as  you  can  buy  one  right  now. 


. . .  So  . . .  you  won’t  have 
long  to  wait! 

f  you  need  a  Surge  Milker  and  you  want  a  Surge  Milker  you  can 
certainly  get  one  and  you  won’t  have  long  to  wait.  Surge  production 
is  stepping  up  and  up  — it  has  been  doubled  and  redoubled,  but  for 
the  past  several  years  every  Surge  we  could  build  has  been  eagerly 
put  to  use  in  somebody’s  cow  barn  as  soon  as  it  could  be  delivered. 


MILKER 


The 


Please  send  me,  without  obligation,  your  big  Surge  Catalogue 
and  Easy  Terms  Plan. 

Name - - - 


A  shining ,  bright ,  new  Surge  Milker  comes  rolling  off  the  line 
every  four  minutes  .  .  .  why  not  call  your  dealer  NOW  and  tell 
him  to  save  the  next  two  for  you? 


Town _ /?.  F .  D - State - - — 

/  milk _ cows,  making _ _ _ cans  of  milk  per  day. 


Big  Surge  Catalogue  Sent  Free  on  Request 


BABSON  BROS.  CO.  OF  N.Y.,  566  SPENCER  ST.,  DEPT.  3061,  SYRACUSE 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 


OUR  SONS 

ON  THE  M A 


— Photo  by  Ewing  Gallowav. 


AM  JUST  BACK  from  a  business 
trip  which  brought  home  to  me  more 
sharply  than  anything  else  has,  the 
fact  that  America  is  in  the  greatest 
crisis  of  all  of  her  history. 

Mrs.  Eastman  was  with  me,  and  we  went 
first  to  Syracuse,  then  across  the  Northeast 
to  Springfield,  Massachusetts,  where  I  attend¬ 
ed  a  meeting  of  the  Farm  Credit  Board. 
From  there  we  travelled  to  New  York  City, 
then  to  Washington,  returning  a  few  days 
later  to  New  York  City  for  a  meeting  of  the 
Cornell  University  Trustees,  and  then  back 
home  to  Ithaca  by  airplane. 

Among  leaders  in  agriculture,  business,  and 
government,  the  one  subject  is  the  war,  and 
ways  and  means  of  meeting  all  of  its  prob¬ 
lems.  Farm  Credit  officials,  both  in  Spring- 
field  and  in  Washington,  are  studying  con¬ 
stantly  how  to  makexredit  service  to  farmers 
of  even  more  help  than  it  is  now,  without  its 
being  “soft”  credit  and  without  violating  good 
business  principles.  They  are  urging  farmers 
to  pay  their  debts  while  prices  are  good,  so  as 
to  be  ready  for  financial  troubles  later.  Gover¬ 
nor  Black  of  the  Farm  Credit  Administration 
at  Washington  hopes  that  we  may  be  able  to 
avoid  inflation  of  farm  real  estate  values, 
which  made  so  much  trouble — particularly  in 
the  West — during  and  after  the  last  war. 

While  in  Washington,  I  talked  with  Mr. 
Albert  S.  Goss,  Master  of  the  National 
Grange,  and  commended  him  for  the  splen¬ 
did  fight  which  he  and  the  Grange,  together 


£.  R.  oaiiman 

with  the  National  Cooperative  Council  and 
other  farm  organizations  with  the  exception 
of  the  American  Farm  Bureau  Federation, 
are  making  for  fair  prices  fordarm  products. 
The  Administration,  with  the  exception  of 
Secretary  Wickard,  is  trying  to  keep  farm 
prices  down  by  restrictive  price  fixing.  This 
would  not  be  so  bad  if  the  Government  were 
also  willing  to  put  a  ceiling  on  wages.  Labor 
is  the  chief  cost  in  production  of  all  com¬ 
modities,  including  both  farm  and  manufac¬ 
tured  products.  Secretary  Wickard  rightly 
says  that  a  plentiful  supply  of  food  is  more 
important  to  consumers  and  to  the  defense 
effort  than  prices  are.  Farmers’  costs  of  pro¬ 
duction  are  going  up  daily.  The  way  to  get 
food  is  for  consumers  to  be  willing  to  pay 
these  costs  of  production. 

While  in  Washington,  I  also  had  the  privi¬ 
lege  of  a  visit  with  Mrs.  Roosevelt.  For  an 
account  of  this  visit,  see  the  editorial  page 
of  this  issue. 

War  always  raises  havoc  with  universities. 
At  the  meeting  of  the  Cornell  Board  of  Trus¬ 
tees  which  I  attended  while  in  New  York 
City,  the  trustees  and  University  officials 
wrestled,  as  they  have  been  doing  constantly 
since  the  start  of  the  war,  with  the  problem 
of  how  to  make  the  University  contribute  the 
most  that  it  can  to  the  war  effort,  and  at  the 
same  time  keep  the  regular  services  and  work 


Here  they  are :  Our  boys  from  school,  from  farm, 
from  shop  marching  for  America.  Are  the  rest 
of  us  in  step  with  them? 

of  the  University  intact  so  as  to  carry  on  the 
great  job  of  education  both  during  the  war 
and  after  it.  One  of  the  tragedies  of  war  is 
the  interrupted  college  careers  of  the  boys 
who  leave  their  studies  for  war  and  never 
take  them  up  again. 

On  our  trip,  every  train  was  crowded  with 
American  boys.,  from  farm  and  from  shop, 
from  evey  walk  of  life,  boys  in  the  uniform 
of  their  country.  It  was  heartbreaking  to 
watch  these  boys  on  station  platforms  bid 
goodbye  to  fathers  and  mothers  and  sweet¬ 
hearts,  all  in  tears,  and  then  tear  themselves 
away  to  board  the  trains.  How  truly  Winston 
Churchill  spoke  when  he  said  that  war  always 
means  sacrifice  and  tears. 

But  on  the  trains  the  boys  —  or  most  of 
them — apparently  forgot  their  loneliness,  got 
acquainted  with  one  another,  visited,  and 
joined  in  that  great  indoor  American  sport 
of  kidding.  We  watched  four  or  five  of  them 
in  the  dining  car  having  a  grand  time  when 
a  high  ranking  army  officer  went  by.  The 
boys  were  very  quiet  and  sedate  until  he  pass¬ 
ed,  then  they  looked  around  to  make  sure 
that  the  officer  was  not  looking,  and  all  ex¬ 
cept  one  showed  mock  fear  of  the  officer  by 
crouching  down  in  their  chairs.  The  unabash¬ 
ed  one  said,  loudly  enough  so  all  the  rest  of 
us  in  the  car  could  hear: 

“I’m  not  afraid  of  him.  (Turn  to  Page  26) 


IN  THIS  ISSUE  1942  GARDEN,  Page  3;  WHAT  FARMERS  ARE  UP  AGAINST,  Page  4;  YOUR  FARM  AND  THE  WAR, 
J  gtfWt  Page  6;  SOYBEANS  FOR  THE  NORTHEAST,  Page  8;  SURPLUS  WHEAT  FOR  NORTHEAST  LIVE¬ 
STOCK,  Page  13;  HOME  KILLED  PORK,  Page  14;  DOC.  ROBERTS,  Page  19;  GOOD  MEALS  FROM  THE  CELLAR,  Page  24. 


( 


FEBRUARY  14,  1  9  4  t 

The  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative 
is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


Cash-off-car  Rochester -Syracuse  Rate  Zone 


IN  AN  effort  to  check  the  rapidly  rising  cost  of  feed,  the 
government  has  released  from  storage  100,000,000 
bushels  of  wheat  for  feeding  purposes.  This  wheat,  offered 
at  three  to  five  dollars  less  than  the  price  of  corn,  is  one  of 
the  best  buys  on  the  feed  market  in  many  months.  It  gives 
dairymen  and  poultrymen  a  chance  to  fill  their  bins  with 

9 

cheap  feed  as  a  protection  against  rising  prices  and  a  possible 
transportation  shortage. 

Ways  To  Get  It 

This  wheat  will  be  available  through  County  AAA  offices, 
through  private  dealers,  and  through  cooperatives.  AAA 
offices  will  arrange  for  carload  shipment  to  buyers  who  wish 
to  post  a  bond  and  arrange  for  a  sight  draft.  If  you  can  buy 
a  carload,  this  is  the  cheapest  way  to  do  it,  but  you  stand 
shrinkage  loss  and  handling  costs. 

/ 

G.L.F.  Service  Agencies  are  now  taking  orders  for  lots  of 
a  ton  or  more.  Added  to  the  government  price  is  50 ^  per  ton 
for  shrinkage  and  SI. 50  per  ton  for  financing,  labor,  bagging, 
and  other  costs  connected  with  retail  handling.  This  makes 
the  price  to  farmers  in  the  Rochester-Syracuse  rate  zone 
S33.54  per  ton,  cash-off-car,  bulk  basis.  In  other  localities, 
the  price  will  be  slightly  higher  or  lower  depending  on 
freight  rates. 

WARNING 


WHEAT  From  the  ever-normal  granary  elevators  of  the  mid-west,  100  million 
bushels  of  wheat  have  been  released  for  feeding  purposes.  This  wheat  will  now  be¬ 
gin  to  flow  through  G.L.F.  Service  Agencies  into  bams  and  bins  of  G.L.F.  patrons. 
This  is  the  best  opportunity  since  war  began  to  lay  in  reserve  feed  at  low  prices. 


BULK  Greatest  savings  can  be  made  by  taking  this  wheat  right  off  the  car  in  your 
own  bags.  At  three  to  five  dollars  less  than  the  price  of  com,  it  is  a  wonderful  buy  to 
fill  up  your  granary  as  a  defense  against  higher  prices  and  transportation  delays. 


This  is  elevator  run  (not  recleaned)  feeding  wheat.  It  is 
not  to  be  used  for  milling.  The  government  has  released 
this  wheat  for  feeding  purposes  only,  and  its  use  by  the  mill¬ 
ing  trade  is  strictly  forbidden. 


COOPERATIVE 
G.L.F.  EXCHANGE,  INC., 

ithaca,  N.Y.- 


dairy  Coarsely  ground  wheat  can  be 
used  in  place  of  com,  oats,  or  barley  in 
dairy  rations.  1500  pounds  Exchange 
Dairy  and  500  pounds  ground  wheat 
make  a  ton  of  18%  protein  ration. 
Your  G.L.F.  Service  Agency  can  sug¬ 
gest  other  combinations. 


POULTRY  Wheat  can  be  mixed  50-50 
with  whole  corn  or  cracked  com  for  the 
scratch  mixture,  or  fed  separately  in 
hoppers.  Ground  wheat  can  make  up 
as  much  as  20%  of  the  mash  mixture. 
It  can  be  used  to  replace  wheat  mid¬ 
dlings  and  some  of  the  bran. 


I 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14.  1942 


3  (109) 


(Photo  courtesy 
Atlee  Burpee) 


FROM  THE  VERY  beginning  of  American 
Agriculturist,  flowers  have  been  given  an  im¬ 
portant  place  on  its  pages.  Discussions  have 
ranged  from  the  purely  botanical  to  the  purely 
practical,  but  it  all  goes  to  prove  that  flowers  in  and 
around  the  home  have  always  been  an  integral  part 
of  country  living.  The  fact  that  we  are  at  war 
does  not  alter  this.  Wars  are  won  by  morale,  and 
flowers  help  to  build  morale.  They  require  no  ma¬ 
terials  needed  in  defense,  except  the  small  amount 
of  time  and  labor  necessary  to  grow  them,  and  that 
comes  under  the  head  of  healthful  recreation — an¬ 
other  morale-builder  that  cannot  be  safely  omitted. 

Though  snow  still  blankets  many  a  Northeast 
garden  plot,  it  is  not  too  early  to  begin  thinking 
about  the  flowers  you  are  going  to  plant  when  spring 
comes  around.  You’ll  want  to  try  something  new, 
just  for  the  fun  of  it,  and  so  as  usual  at  this  time 
of  year  I  want  to  tell  you  about  new  varieties  of 
familiar  garden  flowers  which  are  recommended  by 
the  All-American  Selections  Council  for  1942.  As 
you  know,  this  Council  began  work  in  1933,  and 
each  year  its  Board  of  Judges  vote  on  new  varieties 
of  flowers,  especially  grown  in  16  different  parts  of 
the  United  States.  The  flowers  that  get  the  highest 
ratings  are  put  on  the  All-America  list  for  the  fol¬ 
lowing  year,  and  seeds  are  then  sold  by  the  usual 
seedsmen. 

Of  the  two  leading  flowers  selected  by  the  Council 
for  1942,  one  is  called  the  Pearly  Gates  Morning 
Glory,  an  exquisite  large  white  companion  for  the 
earlier  Heavenly  Blue,  with  its  same  vigorous 
growth  and  free-blooming  habit.  You’ll  enjoy  com¬ 
bining  its  big  satiny  white  flowers  with  Heavenly 
Blue  and  Crimson  Rambler  or  Scarlett  O’Hara  for 


a  stunning  red,  white  and  blue  ef¬ 
fect. 

Another  silver  medal  winner  is 
Pink  Queen  Cleome  or  Spider 
Plant.  From  May  or  June  until 
killing  frosts,  this  tall  attractive 
border  plant,  free  from  insects  and 
disease,  is  never  out  of  bloom. 

Pink  Queen  is  a  delightful  and  a 
refreshing  pink  without  the  usual 
trace  of  magenta. 

Yellow  Flare  Cosmos,  another 
silver  medalist,  is  a  rich  butter 
yellow  similar  to  the  original  Or¬ 
ange  Flare,  the  gold  medal  winner 
of  1935.  Yellow  Flare  is  even  more  striking  in  color 
and  grows  3  to  4  feet  high. 

Purple  Robe  Nierembergia  is  considerably  deeper 
blue  in  color  than  the  lavender-blue  Hippomanica 
which  has  quickly  become  popular  for  an  edging, 
low  border  and  rockery  plant.  This  is  really  a  half- 
hardy  perennial  treated  as  an  annual  because  it 
blooms  in  15  weeks  from  sowing.  The  dwarf  cushion¬ 
like  plants,  only  6  inches  tall,  are  covered  until 
frost  with  flowers  the  color  of  Silver  Bloom  petunias; 
they  seem  to  prefer  full  sun  and  a  sandy  loam. 

Butterball,  an  improved  new  marigold,  is  a  most 
attractive,  very  compact  scabious-flowering  canary 
yellow.  The  little  plants  of  6  to  10  inches  are  very 
uniform,  very  early  and  never  stop  flowering  until 
frozen.  It  is  as  good  for  potting  as  for  bedding 
and  edging. 

Melody  is  another  dwarf  French  double  Harmony 
type,  in  golden  yellow.  Melody  is  a  little  taller,  12 
to  15  inches,  than  Butterball,  and  uniform  in  height, 
habit  and  color;  rather  early  and  a  long  steady 
bloomer  except  in  the  most  northern  locations. 

Golden  Bedder  marigold  is  believed  the  earliest 
of  all  marigolds  to  start  blooming.  When  not  too 
close  together,  the  plants  form  symmetrical  mounds 
covered  with  golden  orange  chrysanthemum-like 
flower  heads  of  the  Dixie  Sunshine  type.  Its  chief 
value  is  earliness;  a 
second  planting  may 
be  made  for  fall 
flowers. 

In  addition  to  the 
winners  of  medals, 
honorable  mention 
was  awarded  to  an¬ 
nual  Phlox  Red 
Glory,  one  of  the 
Gigantea  type.  It  is 
the  same  color  as 
scarlet  flax,  is  a  con¬ 
tinuous  bloomer, 
tall,  lightly  foliaged, 
uniform  and  true,  a 


Silver  Medal  Winner,  Pearly  Gates  Morning-glory, 
offers  a  fine  opportunity  for  a  patriotic  trellis — or  back 
fence !  Combine  its  white  satiny  flowers  with  Heavenly 
Blue  and  Crimson  Rambler  or  Scarlett  O’Hara  Morn¬ 
ing-glories  for  a  stunning,  red,  white  and  blue  effect. 


(Above):  Yellow  Flare  Cosmos, 
another  silver  medal  winner,  is  a 
much  desired  color  in  cosmos,  a 
rich  butter  yellow.  It  grows  3  to 
4  feet  tall. 


(Right) :  Spider  Plant  (Cleome) 
Pink  Queen  is  a  new  clear  pink 
variety  of  this  tail  and  obliging 
border  plant. 


Burpee, 

Gold,  new 
carnation-flow¬ 
ered  marigold 
with  odorless  foli¬ 
age.  To  achieve  this  marigold  it  took  much 
time  and  money,  plus  the  cooperation  of  a 
missionary  in  Central  China,  who  collected 
the  original  seed  from  wild  marigolds. 
Crown  of  Gold  was  the  first  introduction 
resulting  from  crossing  this  Chinese  seed 
with  the  collarette  type  of  marigold. 


— (Photo  courtesy  Atlee  Buroee) 
Here  is  an  excellent  example  of  what 
can  happen  in  the  development  of  a 
flower  from  the  wild  to  the  highly 
cultivated  garden  stage.  The  upper 
flowers  show  the  small  single  wild 
marigold  from  Mexico,  while  the  big 
lower  flower  is  the  modern  African 
marigold  whose  ancestors  came  from 
Mexico. 


worthy  successor  to  other  members 
of  its  family  previously  on  the  All- 
American  list. 

Marigold  Yellowstone  reaches 
about  4  feet  in  height,  is  well  branch¬ 
ed  and  produces  freely  2%  inch  flow¬ 
ers  of  rich,  clear  yellow,  in  the 
double  incurved  chrysanthemum- 
flowered  form.  It  flowers  a  bit  late. 
Its  Mission  Giant  running-mate  was 
Goldsmith,  a  deep  orange,  introduc¬ 
ed  last  year. 

The  Selections  list  would  not  be 
complete  without  some  new  pe¬ 
tunias.  The  addition  this  year  is 
1  Glamour,  a  magnificent,  big  salmon- 
rose  Giant  of  California  type,  good 
for  garden,  potting  and  cutting.  Its 
wide  white  throat  has  the  chocolate 
veining  of  this  class,  showing  off 
the  4  to  5  inch,  fringed  and  wavy 
( Continued  on  Page  27) 


1942  Qa>u$e*t 

*  ,*_*  * 

Flowers  Build  Morale  - — - - -  ■  ■ 


by  Grace  Watkins  Huckett 


(110)  4 


T II E- 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


PAGE 


B  V  E .  R.  E  A  S  TA\A  N 


Address  all  mail  tor  Editorial  or  Advertis¬ 
ing  departments  to  American  Agriculturist, 
Savings  Bank  Building.  Ithaca.  New  York 


War  Time  Farm  Jobs 

ESTERDAY  was  a  beautiful  sunshiny 
day,  although  cold,  and  the  sun  went  down 
leaving  a  golden  glory  in  the  West,  and  a  soft 
twilight  which  for  want  of  a  better  name  I  have 
always  called  “the  spring  light.” 

The  groundhog  saw  his  shadow  on  Candlemas 
Day,  and  of  course  there  are  many  cold  days 
ahead.  Nevertheless,  the  days  are  longer,  the 
sun  is  on  his  journey  back  to  our  north  country, 
and  “the  spring  light”  in  the  western  sky  gives 
us  the  hope  of  soft  spring  and  summer  days  not 
too  far  ahead.  With  them  more  than  ever  this 
year  will  come  long  hard  days  of  toil,  which 
can  be  made  somewhat  easier  by  good  planning 
and  plenty  of  it  right  now. 

Here  are  some  things  you  can  do  now  that 
will  save  you  money  now  and  later,  and  make 
the  work  easier  when  the  rush  comes: 

1.  Arrange  to  buy  wheat  feed  for  poultry 
and  livestock  right  now.  Government  stocks  are 
being  released,  and  the  price  is  comparatively 
low.  See  Page  13. 

2.  Keep  a  supply  of  feeding  stocks  just  as 
far  ahead  as  you  can.  Some  shortage  or  trans¬ 
portation  emergency  may  interfere  with  your 
supply  later. 

3.  Plan  your  garden  and  crop  campaign.  Try 
putting  your  plans  down  on  paper. 

4.  Get  your  orders  in  now  for  garden  and 
flower  seeds;  farm  seeds;  fertilizer;  repair  parts 
for  machinery  (late  orders  will  come  slowly  and 
maybe  not  at  all);  spray  materials;  and  sup¬ 
plies  for  seed  treatment.  Good  seed  treated 
against  disease  is  more  important  than  ever 
before. 

5.  Plan  your  equipment  campaign.  New  ma¬ 
chines  may  be  hard  to  get.  This  is  a  time  to  plan 
to  try  cooperation  with  your  neighbor  in  the  use 
of  farm  machinery. 

6.  Make  repairs  now  on  machinery,  harness 
and  around  the  buildings.  If  you  wait  until 
planting  time  you  may  not  be  able  to  get  parts, 
and  you  surely  won’t  have  time. 

7.  If  possible,  attend  one  of  the  farm  repair 
schools  now  being  held  in  many  communities. 

8.  Watch  your  tires  and  batteries  on  cars, 
tractors,  and  trucks.  The  government  is  not 
fooling  about  tires.  When  tires  on  hand  are  gone, 
there  are  not  likely  to  be  any  more.  Check  all 
of  your  tires  to  see  that  they  are  inflated  just 
right,  neither  too  hard  nor  too  soft.  Don’t  drive 
your  car  unless  you  absolutely  have  to.  You 
will  need  it  for  business  later. 

9.  If  a  maple  producer,  check  over  your 
equipment,  get  leaks  repaired  now. 

10.  If  a  fruit  grower,  finish  the  pruning. 
Watch  out  for  damage  to  trees  and  shrubbery 
by  mice  and  rabbits. 

11.  If  possible,  spread  manure  as  it  is  made. 
You  may  not  have  time  later. 

12.  Exercise  your  horses  some  every  day. 
Keep  them  hard. 

13.  Read  American  Agriculturist.  We  have 
hundreds  of  contacts  by  which  we  can  help  you 
if  you  read  what  we  work  so  hard  to  get  for  you. 

14.  Read  good  books,  listen  to  good  music, 
mix  with  your  neighbors,  have  some  fun. 

Singing  to  Victory 

N  WASHINGTON  last  week  I  called  on  Mrs. 
Franklin  Roosevelt  to  suggest  a  plan  which 
will  do  more  than  anything  else  I  know  of  to 
boost  the  courage  and  morale  of  all  of  us  in 
these  awful  times.  Mrs.  Roosevelt  was  interested, 
and  said  she  would  do  what  she  could  to  put  the 
plan  into  operation. 

In  a  word,  it  is  to  set  the  whole  nation  to 


singing,  Marching  to  Victory  with  Music. 

In  pioneer  times,  “singin’  schools”  were  one 
of  the  chief  forms  of  recreation.  They  brought 
people  together,  and  gave  them  courage  and  in¬ 
spiration  to  carry  on.  Then  there  came  a  long 
period  in  our  history  when  there  was  not  much 
group  singing.  Later,  in  our  own  time,  under  the 
leadership  mostly  of  the  Colleges  of  Agriculture, 
community  singing  was  revived  and  spread 
across  the  country  into  almost  every  farm  meet¬ 
ing  and  among  many  groups  in  the  cities.  More 
recently,  however,  community  singing  has  start¬ 
ed  to  die  out  again,  or  is  carried  on  more  or  less 
indifferently.  One  reason  for  this  I  think  is  that 
we  don’t  work  at  it  to  learn  anything  new.  We 
sing  the  old  songs,  not  too  well.  We  don’t  know 
the  words  even  of  familiar  ones — not  even  of 
our  National  Anthem. 

Well,  let’s  bring  singing  back.  We  need  it. 

Let’s  put  new  life  and  enthusiasm  back  of  it, 
and  to  do  this  we  will  need  to  make  it  a  definite 
project  and  give  it  some  thought  and  study.  I 
suggested  to  Mrs.  Roosevelt  that  there  is  a  good 
song  leader  in  every  rural  county  and  in  nearly 
every  neighborhood  in  the  United  States.  I  am 
appealing  to  you  song  leaders,  and  to  all  musi¬ 
cians  and  music  lovers  everywhere,  to  call  a 
meeting  and  organize  to  set  the  nation  to  sing¬ 
ing  again  as  a  part  of  our  war  effort.  Here’s  a 
great  opportunity  for  Grange  Lecturers  to  find 
a  song  leader  in  your  Grange  and  get  him  or 
her  at  work.  What  a  fine  project  for  the  Farm 
and  Home  Bureaus.  There  should  be  set  aside 
a  few  minutes  of  every  farm  meeting  program 
not  only  to  sing,  but  to  sing  to  a  purpose.  The 
project  could  well  be  carried  into  every  lunch¬ 
eon  service  club,  like  Rotary,  Kiwanis,  and  Ex¬ 
change.  To  be  sure,  these  groups  sing,  but  it  is 
not  organized  or  planned.  Let’s  make  something 
real  of  it.  Here  is  a  chance  for  women’s  clubs 
all  over  the  country.  You  music  leaders  in  the 
schools — are  you  making  the  most  of  the  sing¬ 
ing  possibilities  in  your  school  assemblies  and 
music  classes,  or  are  you  “just  singing”?  What  a 
grand  opportunity  to  put  new  life  into  church 
music. 

Much  will  depend  upon  what  you  sing.  Com¬ 
munity  songs  and  ballads,  yes,  of  course,  but 
let’s  do  a  little  better  job  of  selecting  and  or¬ 
ganizing  them.  What  a  fine  project  it  would  be 
to  organize  and  sing  folk  songs  of  the  nations, 
particularly  the  folk  songs  of  our  allies.  What 
about  some  of  the  beautiful  old  classical  songs 
and  operatic  songs,  like  the  Anvil  Chorus,  which 
will  gradually  build  up  our  taste  and  apprecia¬ 
tion  of  music? 

If  you  want  to  make  enthusiasm  for  singing 
last,  if  you  want  to  make  it  really  worthwhile, 
what  you  sing  must  be  organized  and  should 
cover  a  wide  range. 

A  lot  of  folks  have  been  wondering  what  they 
can  do  to  help  win  the  war.  I  have  answered  this 
question  time  and  again  by  saying,  “Do  the  job 

better  where  you  are.”  If  you  are  a  musician  or 
a  singer,  here’s  a  project  for  you.  Mrs.  Roosevelt 
has  promised  to  help.  Enlist  what  help  you  can, 
and  let’s  get  going. 

It’s  a  Baby! 

WHILE  I  was  writing  these  little  messages 
to  you  on  this  editorial  page  this  time,  a 
young  friend  came  in,  his  face  shining  with  so 
much  happiness  and  enthusiasm  that  he  couldn’t 
sit  still  in  a  chair.  He  had  just  been  informed 
that  he  was  the  brand-new  father  of  a  brand- 
new  baby. 

Of  all  the  things  that  happen  to  us  in  life, 


and  this  is  particularly  true  for  women,  the  two 
most  important,  the  two  happiest  times,  are 
marriage  and  the  birth  of  a  baby.  Thousands 
of  babies  are  born  into  the  world  every  day,  yet 
to  the  parents  it  is  always  new,  always  a  miracle, 
and  always  one  of  the  most  wonderful  events 
of  life. 

As  this  young  man  paced  my  office  in  his 
happiness,  I  remembered  the  time  our  own  last 
baby  was  born.  The  hospital  folks  wouldn’t  let 
me  hang  around  the  hospital,  so  I  got  into  the 
old  Ford  car,  drove  to  the  vacant  fairground 
race  track,  pulled  the  hand  throttle  down  just 
as  far  as  it  would  go,  and  drove  around  and 
around  that  track,  on  two  wheels  at  the  curves, 
in  order  to  have  some  way  to  express  my  hap¬ 
piness  and  enthusiasm.  As  I  think  of  that,  and 
of  my  excited  young  friend  who  called  today,  I 
remember  the  story  about  the  young  father  in 
a  telephone  booth,  hair  on  end,  clothes  all  awry, 
who  shouted  to  his  mother-in-law,  who  was  at 
the  other  end  of  the  telephone  line: 

“It’s — it’s — it’s  a  baby!” 

What  Farmers  Are  Up  Against 

FARM  PRICES 

ARM  organizations  of  America,  with  the 
exception  of  the  Farm  Bureau,  worked  hard 
to  get  a  law  which  would  prevent  Price  Admin¬ 
istrator  Henderson  from  putting  too  low  a  price, 
or  ceiling,  on  farm  products.  The  organizations 
finally  gained  part  of  what  they  fought  for. 

One  of  the  principles  they  asked  for  was  to 
have  Secretary  of  Agriculture  Wickard  have  a 
final  say  or  veto  on  price  ceilings  set  by  Mr. 
Henderson.  This  provision  was  included  in  the 
bill  which  was  finally  passed,  but  Mr.  Wickard 
and  Mr.  Henderson  then  immediately  got  to¬ 
gether  and  announced  that  they  would  work  to¬ 
gether  to  protect  consumers.  And  that  was  an¬ 
other  blow  to  agriculture. 

Farmers  would  not  fight  restricted  prices  if 
the  Government  would  put  ceilings  on  wages. 
But  labor  unions  are  “teacher’s  pet”  in  spite  of 
the  fact  that  wages,  already  sky  high,  are  the 
chief  cost  in  producing  every  commodity. 

However,  one  good  thing  that  came  out  of  the 
controversy,  so  far  as  dairy  and  poultry  feeders 
are  concerned,  was  the  announcement  by  Sec¬ 
retary  Wickard  that  he  would  release  govern¬ 
ment-held  stocks  of  corn  and  wheat  for  feed 
purposes.  He  has  already  started  to  do  this  with 
wheat,  and  this^will  result  in  lower  feed  prices. 
See  page  13  for  full  explanation. 

Because  of  the  fight  which  farmers  and  their 
leaders  made  for  fair  prices  for  farm  products, 
consumers’  organizations,  labor  unions,  and  the 
daily  press  bitterly  condemned  the  farmers  of 
America,  calling  them  selfish  and  even  profi¬ 
teers.  On  this  point  Secretary  Wickard  said  that 
the  time  may  soon  come  when  a  sufficient  sup¬ 
ply  of  food  for  consumers  will  be  more  impor¬ 
tant  than  the  price  the  consumer  pays  for  it. 
That  is  right.  Farmers  cannot  take  everything 

on  the  chin.  The  consumer  cannot  eat  his  pie 

and  have  it,  too.  If  prices  for  farm  products  re¬ 
main  too  low,  the  farmer,  no  matter  how  willing 
he  is,  will  just  not  be  able  ( Turn  to  Page  12) 

Eastman’s  Chestnut 

Sentry:  “Halt!  Who’s  there?” 

Voice:  “American.” 

Sentry:  “Advance  and  recite  the  second  verse 
of  ‘The  Star  Spangled  Banner.’  ”  , 

Voice:  “I  don’t  know  it.” 

Sentry:  “Proceed,  American.” 


fd^?ngC^esAa?^LSLJmkR!fdT’  m'y*  and  Progressive  Since  1842.  Volume  139.  No.  4.  Published  every  other  Saturday  at  10  North  Cherry  St..  Poughkeepsie.  N.  Y. — Editorial  And 

ss»,  t.  rswraaffSA*  asm  w.1:  rt  t  *•  w~»-  * c-  «**■■  *•  »•  **“•  — •*-**-  «•  «•  * 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


5  (111) 


THE  MAD  SOW  A  AD 
BROTHER’S  PANTS 

CHAPTER  XXXIII 

EVER  stop  to  think,  Partner,  what 
a  really  dangerous  job  farming 
is  ?  Show  me,  if  you  can,  any 
farm  neighborhood  where  there 
isn’t  at  least  one  farmer  who  has  lost 
a  hand,  an  arm,  or  a'leg  through  some 
accident  right  on  his  own  farm.  As  a 
boy  how  I  used  to  be  impressed  with 
the  way  one  of  our  neighbors  could  do 
all  kinds  of  work,  including  milking, 
though  on  one  hand  he  had  only  one 
finger  and  the  thumb  left.  He  had 
slipped  and  contributed  most  of  his 
hand  to  the  knives  of  the  cutting  box 
when  he  was  filling  silo.  I  can  name 
at  least  four  of  my  old  friends  of  long 
ago  who  had  lost  hands  and  arms  by 
getting  too  close  to  the  business  end 
of  a  buzz  saw.  What  a  toll  the  cylind¬ 
ers  of  the  threshing  machine  have  tak¬ 
en.  As  a  boy,  I  well  remember  my  hor¬ 
ror  while  helping  with  a  gang  of 
threshers  when  the  man  feeding  the 
machine  got  both  arms  caught  in  the 
whirling  cylinder.  They  rushed  him  to 
the  doctor  and  then  to  the  distant  hos¬ 
pital,  but  fortunately  for  him,  he  did 
not  survive. 

All  of  which  reminds  me  of  the  story 
they  used  to  tell  back  home  about  the 
quick-witted  farmer  who  was  mowing 
hay.  Something  was  wrong  with  the 
cutting  bar  and  the  farmer  got  down 
to  fix  it.  As  he  was  leaning  over  the 
bar  the  horses  jumped,  he  lost  his  bal¬ 
ance  and  fell  forward  with  his  nose 
hitting  the  ground  in  front  of  the 
knives.  His  nose  was  shaved  neatly  off 
his  face,  but  with  great  presence  of 
mind  the  farmer  grabbed  it  up,  stuck 
it  back  on  his  face,  and  tied  it  fast 
with  his  big  bandana  handkerchief. 

Apparently  he  was  a  healthy  speci¬ 
men,  for  his  nose  grew  fast  again 
quickly,  but  unfortunately  he  had  made 
the  bad  mistake  of  getting  it  on  wrong 
side  up.  Thereafter  he  was  a  great 
nuisance  to  his  wife,  because  every 
time  he  snored  he  whistled  shrilly  like 
a  whistling  tea  kettle.  However,  she  felt 
sorry  for  him  and  got  along  with  that. 
But  he  himself  was  greatly  troubled 
because  every  time  he  sneezed  he  blew 
his  hat  off.  His  troubles  were  finally 
over,  however,  when  he  went  out  into 
a  big  rainstorm  and  the  rain  pouring 
into  his  nostrils  drowned  him. 

But  there  is  one  kind  of  farm  hazard 
just  as  dangerous  now  as  it  was  in  the 
Horse  and  Buggy  days,  and  has  been 
since  man  first  farmed.  That  is  the 
danger  from  vicious  animals.  Well  I 
remember  a  friend  who  used  to  brag  to 
me  and  to  others  that  his  Jersey  bull 
was  just  as  gentle  as  a  kitten.  He 
found  out  later,  poor  chap,  when  the 
bull  attacked  and  injured  him  for  life, 
that  the  bull  wasn’t  that  kind  of  a 
kitty.  Somehow  or  other,  I  have  always 
had  a  healthy  respect  for  bulls.  Per¬ 
haps  it  is  because  of  the  first  small  ad¬ 
venture  I  ever  had.  I  was  maybe  seven 
or  eight  years  old.  Dad  sent  me  to  close 
a  pasture  gate  which  had  been  left 
open  after  the  passage  of  a  load  of  hay. 
The  gate  was  too  big  and  heavy  for 
me  anyway,  but  by  using  every  ounce 
of  strength  I  had,  I  could  work  it  shut 
a  few  inches  at  a  time.  When  I  had  it 
about  half  closed,  I  heard  a  bellow  be¬ 
hind  me,  and  stopping  to  look,  I  saw 
the  bull  charging  up  the  pasture  hill. 


I  had  previously  been  told  time  and 
again  to  stay  out  of  the  pasture  lot 
because  the  bull  was  dangerous.  But 
here  I  was  with  the  heavy  gate  still 
half  open,  with  the  choice  of  desert¬ 
ing  and  leaving  it  open  for  the  bull  to 
follow,  or  staying  with  it  and  trying  to 
get  it  shut  before  the  bull  arrived.  I 
am  rather  proud  of  the  fact  that  I 
stayed  to  close  the  gate,  and  I  got  it 
shut  just  a  hairsbreadth  of  time  before 
that  bull  arrived,  snorting  and  panting 
and  red-eyed.  I  know  now,  as  I  knew 
then,  what  would  have  happened  to 
one  small  boy  had  I  been  a  little  slow¬ 
er  or  the  bull  a  little  quicker,  and  I 
still,  after  perhaps  eating  too  much  pie 
for  supper,  wake  up  in ,  the  night 
sweating  and  trembling  after  a  night¬ 
marish  dream  of  that  charging  bull. 

Did  I  ever  tell  you,  Partner,  the 
story  of  the  vicious  sow  that  I  owned 
when  I  was  a  kid  going  to  high  school  ? 
Like  thousands  of  other  farm  boys  in 
the  Horse  and  Buggy  Days,  my  big 
educational  problem  was  to  get  money 
enough  to  pay  the  tuition  and  other 
high  school  expenses.  During  the  sum¬ 
mers  I  worked  out  for  neighboring 
farmers  for  50  cents  a  day,  and  one 
summer  I  raised  a  piece  of  potatoes  on 
shares.  Some  of  the  small  returns  on 
this  venture  were  put  into  the  bank, 
which  later  failed,  and  the  rest  of  the 
money  was  used  to  buy  a  sow. 

Boy,  was  that  some  sow!  I  cannot 
remember  now  whether  she  was  a 
Berkshire,  Duroc  Jersey,  Chester 
White,  or  Hampshire.  More  likely  she 
was  just  sow,  a  mixture  of  a  little  of 
everything.  I  do  remember  what  a  big 
day  it  was  when  I  got  her  home,  and 
no  sow  before  or  since  ever  had  better 
care,  at  least  so  far  as  I  knew  HOW 
to  take  care  of  her.  Of  course  the  whole 


venture  rested  on  the  fact  that  she  was 
bred,  and  on  the  hope  that  she  would 
have  just  about  the  largest  litter  of 
pigs  that  any  sow  ever  had,  and  that  I 
could  sell  those  pigs  for  a  price  that 
would  solve  all  of  my  financial  difficul¬ 
ties. 

Now,  the  gestation  period  of  a  sow 
is  only  sixteen  weeks,  but  that  was 
just  about  the  longest  sixteen  weeks 
of  my  young  life.  Finally,  however,  the 
great  day  came,  and  with  it  eight  of 
as  fine  young  pigs  as  you  could  wish 
to  see — at  least  they  seemed  that  fine 
to  me. 

In  those  days  there  were  few  if  any 
college  bulletins  as  we  know  them  to¬ 
day,  and  about  the  only  printed  infor¬ 
mation  available  on  how  to  take  care 
of  a  litter  of  pigs  or  on  any  other 
scientific  farm  job  was  the  good  old 
American  Agriculturist,  which  had 
been  in  our  family  for  years.  I  looked 
up  the  back  copies  and  got  some  dope 
from  them,  but  the  most  help  of  all 
came  from  Dad,  who  was  one  of  the 
best  natural  livestock  men  I  have 
known.  Together  we  figured  out  and 
put  into  practice  the  best  methods  of 
taking  care  of  that  litter  of  pigs,  with 
the  result  that  we  raised  all  of  them 
into  lusty  young  animals,  ready  for  sale 
when  they  were  five  or  six  weeks  old. 

Came  the  big  day  when  a  neighbor 
arrived  to  buy  the  first  pig  out  of  that 
litter.  I  forgot  to  mention,  Partner, 
that  that  sow  had  many  of  the  quali¬ 
ties  of  a  grizzly  bear,  some  of  which 
had  shown  up  even  before  the  pigs 
were  born,  this  in  spite  of  the  fact 
that  I  felt  very  kindly  toward  her  and 
had  given  her  the  best  care  I  knew 
how,  even  to  frequent  back  scratchings 
with  a  long  stick. 

As  you  and  I  well  know,  one  of  the 
satisfactions  of  farm  life  is  associa¬ 
tion  with  animals,  particularly  with 
young  animals.  Almost  all  of  them  are 
cute,  and  that  goes  for  young  pigs.  In 
fact,  with  the  exception  of  horses  and 
dogs,  the  pig  is  the  smartest  domestic 
animal.  But  once  in  a  while  there  is 
one  that  is  far  more  dangerous  than  a 
mad  bull.  That  was  the  case  with  my 
sow,  and  I  never  dared  touch  one  of 
those  cute  pigs. 

So,  when  the  neighbor  came  to  buy  a 
pig  I  hesitated,  knowing  that  sow,  to 
climb  over  into  the  pen  and  pick  up 
a  young  pig.  But  not  so  my  big  broth- 


'JT3  j 


S.Son/o/theLH  few'll 


MY  NEIGHBOR’S  sparin’ 
no  expense  a-fixin’  up 
his  implements,  he  says  that 
new  machin’ry  will  be  scarce 
this  year,  a  man  can  ill-afford 
to  have  his  planter  bust,  our 
food  production  program 
must  keep  goin’,  nor  bog 
down  for  lack  of  implements 
that’s  out  of  whack.  While 
waitin’  for  spring’s  work  to 
start,  he’s  taken  each  ma¬ 
chine  apart,  goes  over  ev’ry- 
thing  with  care  to  put  it  all 
in  good  repair.  His  object 
is,  when  he  is  thru,  to  have 
them  tools  as  good  as  new, 
so  that  he  won’t  have  no  de¬ 
lay  in  sowin’  oats  or  makin’ 
hay.  That’s  why  most  ev’ry 
day  he  goes  and  works  with 
fingers  almost  ’froze  a-fixin’ 
up  them  implements,  that’s 
neighbor’s  program  of  de¬ 
fense. 

I  ought  to  follow  neigh¬ 
bor’s  plan,  and  would,  except 
my  hired  man  has  joined  the 

army,  leavin’  me  to  do  the  work  myself,  by  gee.  I  hate  a-gittin’  cold 
and  stiff,  I’ll  git  along  far  better  if  I  wait  until  the  spring-time  sun  thaws 
out  my  bones,  when  I’ve  begun  to  grow  my  crops  I’ll  hope  and  pray 
that  them  tools  last  another  day.  At  any  rate  I’ll  git  a  start  ’fore  they 
begin  to  fall  apart,  they  don’t  need  fixin’  now,  and  so  I’ll  just  let  my  re¬ 
pairin’  go  until  they  bust,  then  with  my  pliers  I’ll  take  a  few  good  balin’ 
wires  and  patch  ’em  up.  I’ll  take  a  chance,  instead  of  workin’  in  advance 
and  gittin’  all  worn  out  and  fussed,  perhaps  them  tools  will  never  bust. 


^ -  ■"  —  ■  ■■■  ■'  ■“  > 

STARS 

By  Ernestine  Mercer. 

The  bonfire  of  the  setting  sun 

Still  burns  down  where  the  sun 
has  gone, 

And  shoots  up  on  the  deepening 
dark 

First  one  and  then  another  spark! 

—  —  —  .  i  r  -  ■- 

er,  even  though  I  warned  him  most 
emphatically  to  watch  out  for  that  sow. 
He  got  over  into  the  pen,  strode  across 
it,  and  after  some  scrambling  around 
finally  succeeded  in  grabbing  hold  of 
the  hind  leg  of  one  of  the  pigs,  which 
immediately  set  up  a  squealing  that 
sounded  as  if  it  were  being  murdered. 
The  mother  evidently  thought  so.  Any¬ 
way,  quicker  almost  than  lightning, 
she  turned  and  charged  across  the  pen 
at  my  brother,  who  out  of  the  comer 
of  his  eye  saw  her  coming.  With  one 
leap,  quicker  and  higher  than  he  had 
ever  before  made,  he  reached  for  a  rail 
in  a  loose  scaffolding  far  over  his  head. 
By  a  miracle  he  caught  it,  and  by  an¬ 
other  miracle  of  strength  made  super¬ 
human  by  fear,  he  pulled  himself  out  of 
the  pen  just  as  the  sow,  rearing  on  her 
hind  legs,  raked  at  him  with  her  teeth, 
and  came  back  with  all  of  the  rear 
section  of  his  pants  in  her  mouth. 

Fortunately,  there  was  another  side 
pen  where  we  fed  the  sow  with  a  slid¬ 
ing  gate  between  the  two  pens.  I  got 
a  pail  of  swill  and  with  it  coaxed  the 
sow  into  the  other  pen  and  closed  the 
gate  behind  her.  Then  brother  came 
down,  we  caught  the  pig,  delivered  it 
to  the  neighbor,  I  got  my  pay,  and  all 
was  fine  so  far  as  I  was  concerned. 

But  not  so  with  Brother.  We  had  a 
couple  of  girl  cousins  visiting  at  the 
house,  and  in  his  state  of  disrepair  he 
could  not  get  into  the  house  to  change 
his  pants  without  being  seen.  That  was 
all  right  with  me.  Like  brothers  every¬ 
where,  we  were  never  so  happy  as  when 
we  got  something  on  one  another.  So 
I  refused  to  go  to  the  house  and  fetch 
a  pair  of  overalls  for  him.  He  finally 
compromised  the  matter  by  getting  a 
huge  horse  blanket  from  the  bam, 
wrapping  it  around  him  and,  looking 
like  a  dilapidated  Indian  chief,  stalking 
across  the  yard  and  through  the  house 
up  to  his  bedroom. 

It  was  that  same  pair  of  girls,  by  the 
way,  on  that  same  visit,  who  tried  to 
play  a  trick  on  my  brother  which  kicked 
back  on  them  like  a  ton  of  brick. 
Brother  was  always  complaining  about 
how  uncomfortable  his  bed  was,  so  the 
girls  thought  it  would  be  a  grand  idea 
to  fix  it  up  for  him.  They  went  out  in 
the  barn  and  cut  a  few  coarse  hairs 
from  the  end  of  a  horse’s  tail  and  mane, 
all  the  time  giggling  and  talking  about 
how  thej£,  were  going  to  put  that  hair 
in  my  brother’s  bed.  Unfortunately  for 
them,  Brother  happened  to  be  right 
around  the  corner  out  of  sight  in  an¬ 
other  stall,  and  he  overheard  every 
word  they  said.  As  soon  as  he  learned 
what  was  up,  he  beat  it  to  the  house 
before  they  got  back,  went  up  to  his 
room,  and  crawled  under  his  bed.  The 
girls  soon  arrived,  and  standing  on 
each  side  of  the  bed  they  proceeded 
with  great  glee  to  cut  up  the  long 
coarse  hairs  with  the  shears  and  sow 
them  in  the  bed.  They  hadn’t  got  far 
before  the  bed  began  slowly  to  rise 
right  up  in  the  air.  The  girls  stared  at 
it  fascinated  for  a  moment,  and  then 
fled  screeching  from  the  room.  Who 
says  we  didn’t  have  fun  in  the  Horse 
and  Buggy  Days? 

What  happened  to  the  sow  project? 
Well,  sir,  I  sold  all  of  the  pigs  for  a 
good  price,  and  then  sold  the  old  sow 
for  considerably  more  than  I  gave  for 
her,  and  the  returns  made  a  good  start 
toward  my  high  school  expenses  that 
winter.  I  only  wish  the  financial  returns 
from  some  of  my  ventures  since  had 
been  half  as  good  as  they  were  from 
that  ugly  but  profitable  old  hog. 

(To  be  continued) 


nil 


(112)  6 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


YOU,  YOUR  FARM  and  THE  WAR 

fWatclt  Seed-  Supply 


Pick  an  oil  that  can  handle 
your  toughest  jobs! 


See  if  this  doesn’t  make  sense:  If 
you  get  an  oil  that  can  handle  the 
hardest  jobs  on  your  farm  .  .  .  you’ll 
always  be  on  the  safe  side! 

That’s  why  in  30  great  farm  states, 
thousands  of  farmers  use  reasonably- 
priced  Gulflube  Motor  Oil.  They 
know  Gulflube  is  tough  .  .  .  that  it 
does  a  super-lubricating  job  on  trac¬ 
tors,  pumps,  trucks,  and  other  farm 
machinery. 

Of  course,  there’s  a  reason  why 
Gulflube  offers  you  so  much.  It’s  re¬ 
fined  from  specially  selected  crudes 
by  Gulf’s  Multi-sol  process.  This 
means  more  sludge  and  carbon  form¬ 
ers  are  removed  before  you  use  the  oil. 

So  why  don’t  you  drop  in  on  your 
Good  Gulf  Man  .  .  .  soon.  He  carries 
Gulflube  in  handy  five-gallon  steel 
pails — and  in  other  sizes — each  one 
a  great  value.  And  he  has  a  full  line 
of  fuels,  lubricants,  livestock  spray, 
and  other  fine  farm  specialties.  You ’ll 


find  him  a  grand  citizen  to  do  busi¬ 
ness  with,  too! 

GULF  PRODUCTS  POPULAR  ON 
FARM  AND  RANCH: 

Gulf  Transgear  Lubricants  E.  P.  90  and 
140.  Specially  compounded  for  use  in 
transmissions,  differentials,  and  final 
drives. 

Gulflex  Chassis  Lubricants  S  and  W.  Im¬ 
proved  lubricants  which  will  remain 
in  bearings  for  long  periods  without 
running  out.  For  general  chassis  lu¬ 
brication  of  cars,  trucks,  and  tractors. 

Gulflex  Wheel  Bearing  Grease.  Possesses 
unusual  resistance  to  heat.  Recom¬ 
mended  for  the  ball  and  roller  front 
and  rear  wheel  bearings  of  cars,  trucks, 
and  tractors. 

Gulflex  Waterproof  Grease.  Provides 
better  lubrication  for  water  pumps, 
and  automotive  and  other  equipment 
where  a  product  of  this  kind  is  needed. 


IT  IS  ALWAYS  important  to  plant 
good  seed,  but  this  year  it  is  more 
important  than  ever  before.  With  the 
labor  shortage  on  farms  and  the  high 
cost  of  farm  supplies,  no  man  can  af¬ 
ford  to  put  in  a  summer’s  work  and 
then  harvest  a  poor  crop  because  the 
seed  was  not  right.  Because  of  a  com¬ 
bination  of  circumstances,  there  is  a 
shortage  in  some  seeds  due  to  some 
small  seed  crops  last  year,  scarcity  of 
imported  seed,  and  Lend-Lease  pur¬ 
chases  of  vegetable  and  grass  seeds  for 
England.  Reliable  seed  houses  are  do¬ 
ing  their  best  to  meet  the  situation, 
and  you  can  do  your  part  by  following 
these  suggestions: 

1.  Study  varieties. 

Do  not  be  misled  by  glaring  adver¬ 
tisements  of  phenomenal  varieties  that 
you  have  never  tried.  Most  seed  houses 
are  reliable,  but  there  are  those  who 
won’t  hesitate  to  take  advantage  of 
the  present  situation.  If  you  do  not 
have  information  on  varieties,  find  out 
what  ones  are  recommended  by  your 
State  College  of  Agriculture.  We  will 
gladly  answer  your  questions. 

2.  Order  your  seed  now. 

Buy  from  a  seed  house  that  you 
know  is  reliable,  and  order  it  now. 
Seed  advertisers  in  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  are  guaranteed. 

3.  Study  the  tag. 

One  is  required  by  law  in  the  state 
in  which  you  live.  Most  states  require 
tags  which  must  contain  information 
about  the  seed  for  your  guidance,  but 
do  not  forbid  the  sale  of  seed  of  rela¬ 
tively  poor  quality.  Note  particularly 
the  germination  test,  and  the  date 
when  it  was  made. 

4.  Make  a  germination  test. 

If  you  are  planting  seed  grown  on 
your  farm,  make  a  germination  test 
before  you  plant  it.  You  cannot  afford 
to  have  a  poor  stand  from  seed  with 
poor  germination. 

5.  Do  not  waste  seed. 

It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  if  every 
seed  should  germinate,  you  could  get 
good  seedings  of  grasses  or  clovers 
with  half  or  even  less  of  the  usual  seed¬ 
ing  rates.  Prepare  the  land  with  un¬ 
usual  care,  provide  plenty  of  plant  food, 
and  then  do  not  waste  seed  by  using 
more  than  is  necessary.  In  gardens, 
such  seed  as  beets,  carrots,  lettuce  and 
radishes  are  often  seeded  too  thick  and 
the  row  thinned  out  later.  By  using 
care,  seed  can  be  saved. 

— a.  a. — 

Scrap  Steel  Brings  Money 

Scrap  steel  or  iron  is  worth  money. 
A  few  years  ago,  you  could  hardly  get 
a  junk  dealer  to  cart  it  off  for  what  he 
could  get  out  of  it.  Now  it  is  needed 
for  defense  instead  of  lying  around  the 
farm  for  someone  to  fall  over.  There 
are  a  few  cautions,  however,  we  would 
like  to  give: 

1.  By  all  means,  sell  your  scrap  iron 
or  steel  to  the  junk  dealer,  but  do  not 
give  it  away.  We  have  heard  that 
some  junk  dealers  have  taken  advant¬ 
age  of  rising  prices  to  buy  junk  for  a 
fraction  of  its  value.  We  are  told  that 
it  is  worth  from  $14.00  to  $16.00  a  ton. 

2.  Do  not  sell  usable  farm  machinery 
for  junk.  The  machine  may  be  old 
and  you  may  not  need  it  on  your  farm, 
yet  it  may  still  do  a  worthwhile  job 
for  some  neighbor,  or  it  may  have  a 
part  which  a  neighbor  needs  to  put  his 
own  machine  in  shape. 

We  are  told  that  an  occasional  junk 


dealer  is  building  up  a  stock  pile  of 
his  own,  probably  hoping  to  take  ad¬ 
vantage  of  rising  prices.  If  you  know 
of  such  a  case,  write  to  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  j  367- JK,  Ithaca,  New  York, 
and  tell  us  about  it.  We  will  pass  the 
information  along  to  the  authorities, 
who  will  see  that  the  hoarded  junk 
starts  moving  toward  the  steel  mills. 

— a.  a. — 

A  Farm  Machinery  Auction 

This  is  the  year  to  use  every  farm 
tool  to  capacity.  The  County  Farm 
Bureau  and  County  Agricultural  De¬ 
fense  Committee  of  Seneca  County,  *N. 
Y.,  helped  farmers  to  meet  this  goal 
by  organizing  a  used  farm  machinery 
auction. 

The  fact  that  300  people  attended 
and  paid  $1100  for  machines  auctioned 
is  ample  proof  that  such  auctions  are 
needed.  Why  not  have  one  in  your 
county?  Farmers  who  own  tools  that 
they  do  not  need  can  realize  cash  for 
them  and  put  them  in  hands  that  will 
use  them.  Incidentally,  in  Seneca 
County  three  local  auctioneers  donated 
their  services. 

,  — a. a. — 

Draft  Deferment 

If  you  have  been  deferred  as  an  es¬ 
sential  farm  worker,  do  not  forget  all 
about  your  status  in  the  draft.  Defer¬ 
red  classifications,  either  2-A  or  2-B, 
are  made  for  periods  not  exceeding 
six  months. 

At  least  two  weeks  before  your  de¬ 
ferment  expires,  call  at  your  local 
Draft  Board,  tell  them  what  you  are 
doing,  and  answer  any  questions  they 
may  want  to  ask.  If  you  do  not  do 
this,  your  classification  may  be  chang¬ 
ed  because  the  Draft  Board  does  not 
have  all  of  the  facts.  It  is  your  re¬ 
sponsibility  to  give  them  this  informa¬ 
tion,  not  theirs  to  seek  you  out  and 
get  it. 

If  you  are  needed  on  the  farm  and 
have  not  yet  been  called,  remember 
that  request  for  deferment  must  be 
made  before  you  are  called  for  your 
pre-induction  medical  examination. 
This  medical  examination  is  not  the 
one  given  by  your  local  Draft  Board, 
but  the  one  you  will  get  just  before  you 
are  called  to  the  colors. 

If  you  know  farming  and  if  your 
leaving  the  farm  would  reduce  produc¬ 
tion  on  that  farm,  you  have  every 
reason  to  ask  for  deferment. 

Xltw. 

— A.  A. — 

Stick  to  Your  Job 

It  is  probable  that  many  young  men 
on  farms  will  feel  the  urge  to  get  into 
the  armed  service  to  do  their  bit  to 
win  the  war.  But  don’t  forget  that  for 
every  man  at  the  front,  from  16  to  18 
are  needed  to  keep  him  fighting.  Farm¬ 
ing  is  a  defense  industry,  and  is  just 
as  essential  as  the  manufacture  of 
munitions.  Besides  that,  our  draft 
machinery  is  functioning  to  build  the 
Army  and  to  leave  at  their  tasks  other 
men  who  are  essential. 

Farming  is  a  skilled  vocation.  If 
you  are  needed  on  the  farm,  stick  to 
the  job,  and  do  not  hesitate  to  make 
an  appeal  for  deferment.  You  will  be 
just  as  effective  there  as  you  would  be 
by  shouldering  a  gun. 

—  A.  A. — 

When  marketing  timber,  first  get  a 
careful  estimate  of  the  lumber  that  can 
be  produced.  Sell  only  those  trees 
that  are  mature;  leave  the  small  ones 
for  future  crops. 


GULFLUBE  MOTOR  OIL 


ggSB&SSR 


/ 


Mary’s  a  grand  girl  ...  I  knew  it  the  first  time 
I  laid  eyes  on  her.  Jim  couldn’t  have  done  better. 
But  the  things  she  didn’t  know  about  farming 
and  raising  chickens!  When  Dad  and  I  moved  to 
town  and  turned  the  place  over  to  them,  I  got 
kinda’  worried.  Mary  said  she  wanted  to  raise 
lots  of  chickens,  same  as  we  had  always  done,  and 
I  was  sure  she  would  have  a  peck  of  trouble. 


My  Son ’s  Wife 
Was  a  City  Girl! 


But  Mary  went  right  ahead.  I  happened  to  stop  in  the 
day  she  brought  her  first  chicks  home.  “Goodness  sakes, 
dear,”  I  burst  out,  “you'll  need  help.  You’ve  got  to  get 
everything  ready  and  then  there’s  starting  feed  to  buy 
.  .  .  Now  what  are  you  going  to  feed  these  chicks?” 


“Everything  is  taken  care  of,  Mother,”  she  said,  all 
smiles.  “Jim  has  the  house  and  stove  in  shape,  and  the 
Purina  dealer  where  I  got  my  chicks  told  me  how  to  get 
them  started  right.”  “The  Purina  dealer ...”  I  said, 
with  surprise,  “then  you’re  going  to  feed  them  Startena!” 


pirn*** 

CHICK/ 

STARTEWyi 


“I  should  say  I  am,”  she  answered,  “The  Purina  dealer 
showed  me  how  it  has  been  tested  and  proved  for  years 
at  Purina’s  own  experimental  farm.  More  chicks  are 
started  on  it — ”  “You  don’t  need  to  tell  me  about 
Startena,”  I  broke  in,  “I’ve  fed  it  for  years  myself!” 


I  felt  a  lot  better  when  I  found  that  Mary  was  in  such 
good  hands.  And  six  weeks  later  .  .  .  well,  her  chicks  were 
as  nice  as  any  I  ever  raised.  Seems  like  most  anyone  can 
have  good  luck  raising  baby  chicks  if  they  just  follow 
the  simple  Purina  Chick  Raising  Plan! 


VOTE  VOTE  VOTE  FOR 
YOUR  MAN  of  the  MONTH 

IN  my  last  column  I  told  you  I  was 
going  to  present  to  you  each  month  a 
man  or  a  woman  who  has  made  extraordi¬ 
nary  use  of  his  Capacities.  General  Douglas 
MacArthur  was  my  choice  for  January. 

I  am  now  going  to  ask  you  to  nominate 
a  man  for  your  birthday  month.  Following 
the  suggested  form  below,  will  you  write 
me  your  birth  month  and  nominate  some¬ 
one  also  born  in  that  month  whose  qualities 
you  greatly  admire?  For  instance — in  Feb¬ 
ruary  were  born  Horace  Greeley,  Charles 
Dickens,  George  Washington,  Sir  Wilfred 
Grenfell,  Henry  Wadsworth  Longfellow 
and  Abraham  Lincoln. 


Those  of  you  who  have  read  my  column 
through  the  years  must  realize  that  I 
am  constantly  trying  to  bring  great  char¬ 
acters  into  our  own  lives.  In  grade  school 
I  recited  Longfellow’s  poem: 

“Lives  of  great  men  all  remind  us 
We  can  make  our  lives  sublime 
And,  departing,  leave  behind  us 
Footprints  on  the  sands  of  time.** 

I  have  tried  to  make  this  poem  mean 
something  to  my  own  life.  I  like  to  put 
myself  in  other  men’s  shoes:  “I  am  Saul 
of  Tarsus.”  “I  am  Paul  Revere.”  “I  am 
Sergeant  York.”  “I  am  Florence  Night¬ 
ingale.”  “I  am  Abraham  Lincoln.”  Then 
through  all  the  noblest  of  my  heroes,  “I 
am  My  Own  Self,  at  My  Very  Best,  All 
the  Time.”  To  make  this  very  personal, 
I  have  always  tried  to  make  my  own  birth¬ 
day  month  of  very  special  significance.  I  try 
to  put  into  my  own  life  the  outstanding 
qualities  of  the  great  men  born  in  my 
birth  month.  I  hope  that  you,  too,  in  all 
humbleness  will  try  to  do  likewise  so 
that  we  shall  catch  something  from  these 
Men-of-the-Month  which  will  enrich  our 
own  lives. 

By  following  this  program  and  putting 
into  our  fives  something  of  the  character¬ 
istics  of  these  Men-of-the-Month  we  are 
bound  to  grow. 

Capacity  is  our  goal — our  own  capacity 
developed  and  used  to  the  full  in  whatever 
field  we  find  ourselves. 

Daringly  yours, 

Wm.  H.  Danforth 
Chairman ,  Ralston  Purina  Company 
Executive  Offices 

1800  Checkerboard  Square,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


THREE  THINGS  TO  DO  IN  ’42 


PURINA  MILLS  •  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt.,  Wilmington,  Del. 

SWAW.VA’AVAVAV/JV.VWiV 


A  Suggested  Letter  to  W.  H.  D.: 

My  birthday  is  in  the  month  of . . 

Also  born  in  this  month  is . . 

. whom  I  nominate 

for  your  Gallery  of  Pictures  for  1942.  My 
very  definite  Capacity  Crusade  for\  1942 

is . . . 

Signed . 

36c  to  pay  postage  will  get  my  12  illustrated 
“Man-of-the-Month”  Messages  in  detail  as 
they  are  printed  each  month. 


(114)  3 


l 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


Good  farming 

is  also  Good  Defense 


Your  spark  plugs  directly  affect  your  power 
cost,  —  and,  thus,  your  net  income.  Dirty  or 
worn  plugs  waste  up  to  one  gallon  of  fuel  in 
ten,  cause  hard  starting  and  loss  of  power. 
Here’s  how  to  avoid  this  expense: 

1.  Have  your  plugs  cleaned,  and  gaps  adjusted, 
every  4,000  miles  or  every  200  hours. 

2.  Replace  badly  worn  plugs  promptly. 

Important  improvements  have  been  made  in  AC 
Spark  Plugs  for  tractors,  trucks,  and  stationary 
engines,  as  the  result  of  making  plugs  for 
bombing  and  fighting  planes.  They  are  much 
sturdier,  cool  faster,  fire  easier,  foul  less  quickly. 
AC  plugs  for  passenger  cars  continue  to  enjoy 
the  quality  endorsement  of  use  for  equipment 
in  more  new  cars  than  any  other  plugs. 

Keep  your  plugs  clean  —  replace  badly  worn 
plugs  with  new  AC’s — and  you’ll  help  Defense, 
and  yourself. 


Get  Plugs  CLEANED 
where  you  see  This  Sign 


SPARE  SETS 
COME  IN  HANDY 

If  you  can  keep  a  spare 
set  of  plugs  on  hand, 
you  can  have  the  dirty 
ones  cleaned  on  any  trip 
to  town. 


HOMEY  COMFORT 

in  Syracuse 


IT  is  always  a  pleas- 
*  ure  to  stop  at  Hotel 
Syracuse.  The  atmos¬ 
phere  is  homey,  serv¬ 
ice  complete  and  the 
food  tasty. 

600  Modern,  Comfort¬ 
able  Rooms 


HOTEL  SYRACUSE 

SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
h  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


BOOST  FARM  PROFITS 


Increase  yields  up  to  50%,  grow  hay  up  to 
15%  richer  in  protein,  and  help  build  soil 
fertility  by  inoculating  alfalfa,  soybeans 
and  other  legumes  with  NITRAGIN.  It 
costs  only  a  few  cents  an  acre.  The  regis¬ 
tered  trademark  NITRAGIN  identifies  the 
oldest,  most  widely  used  inoculant — the" 
only  brand  with  Nitragin’s  highly  effective 
strains.  Ask  your  seedsman. 

FREE  LEGUME  BOOKLET. 

Tells  how  to  grow  better  alfalfa, 
clover,  soybeans,  vetch— all  legumes. 

Ask  also  for  Soybean  Bulletin. 

THE  NITRAGIN  CO.,  Inc. 

3808  N.  Booth  St.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 


MY  OVER  AND  UNDERWEIGHT  HEAD  for  beam 
scales  saves  energy,  $15.00.  free  circular.  M.  SCHU¬ 
MACHER,  WESTHAMPTON  BEACH,  NEW  YORK. 


Write  for  big,  free  1942  TRACTOR  PARTS  CATA¬ 
LOGUE;  tremendous  savings.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

CENTRAL  TRACTOR  WRECKING  CO.,  Boone,  Iowa. 


10  Sound  reasons 


FOR  USING 


N/CHOiS 

COPPERB 


997.  PURE 


Bordeaux  mixtures  which  effectively  control 
fungous  diseases  depend  on  the  elimination  of 
guesswork  and  haphazard  methods  of  determin¬ 
ing  the  amount  of  Copper  Sulfate  in  the  spray 
mixture.  Nichols  Triangle  Brand  “Instant”  Cop¬ 
per  Sulfate  gives  you  these  10  advantages  : 

1.  ACCURATE  CONTROL  .  .  .  You  know  exactly 
how  much  copper  sulfate  is  in  your  mixture. 

2.  GREATER  SAFETY  .  .  .  Control  of  mixture 
means  increased  safety. 

3.  BETTER  MIXTURES  .  .  .  Dissolves  instantly 
and  completely. 

4.  ECONOMY  .  .  .  No  waste,  no  sediment,  no 
undissolved  crystals.  YOU  USE  IT  ALL! 

5.  EFFICIENCY  .  .  .  99%  pure,  100%  efficient. 

6.  FASTER  OPERATIONS  .  .  .  Saves  time,  labor 
.  .  .  mixes  directly  in  the  spray  tank.  Re¬ 
quires  no  agitation. 

7.  REDUCED  EQUIPMENT  COSTS  .  .  .  Eliminates 
extra  equipment  for  slaking  lime  and  mak¬ 
ing  stock  solutions. 

8.  KNOWN  QUALITY  .  .  .  Standard  for  50  years, 
it  is  the  oldest  and  best  known  brand. 
Modern  manufacturing  methods  assure  nev¬ 
er  failing  high  quality  in  every  package. 

9.  MODERN  PACKAGES  .  .  .  Safeguard  quality. 
At  no  extra  cost,  you  get  the  best  in  water- 

■j-  Proof  bags  and  steel-hooped  barrels. 
©PRODUCED  IN  3  LARGE  PUNTS  .  .  .  Your  deal¬ 
er  can  always  supply  you  because  of  three 
strategically  located  plants. 


- ASK  YOUR  DEALER - 

For  Nichols  Triangle  Brand  '•Instant”  Copper 
Sulfate  today.  He  also  carries  LARGE  AND 
SMALL  CRYSTAL  and  SUPER-FINE  NICHOLS 
SULFATE  for  STANDARD  BORDEAUX,  and 
AlONOHYDRATED  for  copper  lime  dusts. 


tf/ivt  PHELPS  DODGE  REFINING  CORPORATION 

•  RETINERS  Of  ELECTROLYTIC  COPPER 

40  Wall  St..  New  York  N  Y.  •  230  N  Michigan  «ve .  Chicago  III 


SOYBEANS  fo*  tu 

Northeast  Farmer 

By  BgAyI  BecJzuutU 

Tompkins  County,  N.  Y.,  Dairyman. 


(Editor’s  Note  :  During  the  past  few 
years,  an  increasing  number  of  dairymen 
have  grown  soybeans  for  grain.  In  view 
of  the  present  situation  growing  out  of 
the  war,  many  more  farmers  could  well 
give  this  crop  greater  attention.  Right 
out  of  his  own  experience,  Mr.  Beckwith 
tells  why  the  crop  is  important  and  how 
he  grows  it.) 

DURING  the  past  wars,  fats  always 
have  skyrocketed  in  price.  So  far 
this  war  is  no  exception.  Nearly  all 
the  by-product  feeds,  such  as  linseed 
and  cottonseed  meal  along  with  dis¬ 
tillers  grains  and  others,  are  now  hav¬ 
ing  the  fat  content  reduced  to  a  mini¬ 
mum.  All  these  feeds  are  high-protein 
feeds  used  to  supplement  our  home¬ 
grown  grains  for  feeding  stock.  Our 
common  home-grown  feeds,  such  as 
corn,  oats  and  barley,  are  also  low  in 
phosphorus,  wheat  bran  being  the  only 
other  feed  outside  of  the  high-protein 
carriers  that  contains  any  appreciable 
amount  of  this  element  so  essential  to 
growth  and  production. 

I  would  like  to  make  a  statement 
right  here  on  wheat  bran  in  the  dairy 
ration.  It  not  only  furnishes  bulk, 
which  is  rather  essential  to  a  good 
dairy  ration,  but  the  phosphorus  con¬ 
tent  runs  higher  than  that  in  most  of 
the  Iiigh-protein  feeds  and,  even  at  its 
present  high  cost,  we  are  including  it 
in  our  ration. 

Most  commercial  mixed  feeds  now 
carry  only  about  3%  fat  which,  if  not 
actually  too  low,  certainly  is  the  mini¬ 
mum  requirement  for  feeding  high- 
producing  dairy  cows. 

Here  is  where  the  soybean  comes  in. 
It  not  only  has  a  high  fat  content 
(14%),  but  also  carries  38%  of  pro¬ 
tein.  The  protein  in  soybeans  is  known 
as  a  complete  protein,  being  compar¬ 
able  to  those  in  milk.  A  crop  of  soy¬ 
beans  can  reasonably  be  expected  to 
yield  20  to  30  bushels  per  acre.  We 
had  one  field  of  Seneca  soybeans  that 
produced  41  bushels  per  acre  in  1941. 

How  We  Feed  Them 

We  are  now  feeding  the  following 
mixture  to  our  Jersey  cows:  600  lbs. 
of  oats,  300  lbs.  of  ground  corn,  200  lbs. 
of  soybeans,  100  lbs.  distillers  grain, 
100  lbs.  molasses,  200  lbs.  wheat  bran, 
with  1%  each  of  salt  and  bone  meal. 
Bone  meal  and  salt  are  always  avail¬ 
able  Where  the  animals  can  help  them¬ 
selves  to  any  additional  amount  that 
they  require. 

This  grain  mixture  is  fed  at  the  rate 
of  1  lb.  to  each  3%  lbs.  of  milk  to  ma¬ 
ture  cows,  and  1  lb.  to  each  3  lbs.  of 
milk  to  growing  first-calf  heifers.  For 
roughage  they  get  one  feed  a  day  of 
mixed  first-cutting  clover,  alfalfa  and 
timothy,  one  feed  of  second-cutting 
alfalfa,  and  a  feed  of  silage  of  Early 
Cornell  11  corn  mixed  with  Seneca  soy¬ 
beans. 

The  grain  ration  we  are  feeding  con¬ 
tains  about  16%  protein  and  5%  fat. 
Part  of  the  time  we  have  eliminated 
the  distillers  grain.  This  makes  1400 
lbs.  of  a  15%  mixture  instead  of  1500 
lbs.  of  16%;  or  by  using  the  ingredi¬ 
ents  of  the  first  formula,  but  adding  an 
extra  100  lbs.  of  soybeans,  we  have 
1600  lbs.  of  a  19%  protein  feed. 

Where  soybeans  are  used  as  the  en¬ 
tire  high-protein  ingredient  in  the  ra¬ 
tion,  one  should  start  feeding  them 
sparingly  in  the  mixture  at  first,  using 
linseed,  cottonseed  meal,  distillers  or 
gluten  to  maintain  the  protein  content 
according  to  your  needs,  and  depend¬ 
ing  on  the  roughage  you  feed.  Then 
gradually  eliminate  the  others  and 
substitute  the  ground  soybeans.  The 


reason  for  this  is  that  the  soybeans 
are  not  as  palatable  as  we  would  like 
to  have  them,  but  by  starting  in  with 
around  200  lbs.  per  ton  and  gradually 
working  up,  the  cows  get  accustomed 
to  them. 

With  the  grain  mixtures  mentioned 
for  our  Jersey  cows,  we  have  just  com¬ 
pleted  a  herd  average  for  the  year  of 
9280  lbs.  of  milk,  513.3  lbs.  of  fat  on 
two-time  milking,  with  about  half  the 
herd  consisting  of  two-year-olds. 

We  have  also  used  a  limited  amount 
of  soybeans  in  the  poultry  mash  with 
good  success.  This  poultry  mash 
proposition  is  still  in  the  experimental 
stage  with  us,  and  we  do  not  know 
just  how  far  we  can  go  with  the  soy¬ 
beans  as  yet,  but  the  Reds  are  laying 
about  80%,  on  it  so  far. 

How  We  Grow  Them 

Success  in  growing  a  good  crop  of 
soybeans  depends  more  on  weed  con¬ 
trol  than  any  other  single  item.  Pick 
a  field  that  is  as  near  weed  free  as 
possible  to  start  with — preferably  one 
that  has  grown  a  cultivated  crop  the 
previous  year.  A  field  that  has  been 
fall  plowed  is  best,  or  early  spring 
plowed  and  in  fair  or  good  fertility.  It 
must  also  be  well  drained  as  soybeans 
will  not  stand  wet  feet. 

Soybeans  are  more  tolerant  to  acid 
soil  than  other  legumes,  but  for  best 
results,  a  pretty  fair  amount  of  lime 
is  desirable  as  the  nitrogen-forming 
bacteria  on  the  roots  of  the  plant  seem 
to  grow  in  proportion  to  the  calcium 
in  the  soil. 

The  next  step  is  to  do  all  the  culti¬ 
vating  that  you  can  previous  to  plant¬ 
ing  time  with  a  disc  and  spring-tooth 
harrow,  being  careful  not  to  disc  or 
harrow  very  deep  just  previous  to 
planting  as  this  might  turn  up  a  fresh 
lot  of  ungerminated  weed  seeds.  We 
regulate  the  harrowing  to  the  weather 
and  soil  conditions,  but  try  and  get 
over  the  ground  on  a  good  sunshiny 
day  every  time  a  fresh  weed  crop  gets 
a  start,  and  this  means  when  they 
start  to  show — not  when  they  are  2 
or  3  inches  high. 

We  have  found  that  where  a  field 
has  been  thus  treated,  the  most  of  our 
worries  are  over,  as  any  weeds  that 
may  appear  after  that  can  be  con¬ 
trolled  with  either  a  weeder,  spike- 
tooth  harrow,  or  a  rotary  hoe,  which 
is  the  best  tool. 

Varieties 

The  varieties  best  adapted  to  the 
Northeast  are  the  Cayuga,  Ontario  and 
Seneca,  maturing  in  the  order  named. 
For  high  altitudes  and  short  season 
localities,  the  Cayuga  should  be  used. 
For  altitudes  of  not  to  exceed  1000  ft., 
the  Ontario  or  Seneca  may  be  grown 
if  not  too  far  north.  I  would  suggest 
( Continued  on  opposite  page) 


“ Frankly ,  this  new  tax  bUl  has 
me  worried !” 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14.  1942 


9  (115) 


A  rotary  hoe  being  used  on  soybeans  on  Mr.  Beckwith’s  farm.  This,  he  says,  is  one 
of  the  best  tools  to  keep  soybeans  free  of  weeds. 


that  you  select  your  variety  on  the 
basis  of  the  corn  you  can  grow  and 
mature  in  your  locality.  For  regions 
where  Early  Cornell  or  early  flint  va¬ 
rieties  mature,  select  Cayuga  or  On¬ 
tario;  but  if  you  can  mature  Late  Cor¬ 
nell  11,  29-3,  Sweepstakes,  or  similar 
varieties,  then  use  Seneca  as  it  will 
yield  much  more  per  acre.  It  would  be 
a  good  idea  to  ask  your  County  Agent 
for  information  as  to  the  variety  for 
your  individual  farm. 

Assuming  that  you  have  the  weed 
situation  well  in  hand,  the  variety 
will  determine  the  space  between  the 
rows  and  the  rate  of  planting  per  acre. 
Cayugas  seem  to  yield  better  drilled 
with  the  rows  7  in.  apart,  using  all 
drill  tubes  and  about  1%  to  iy2  bush¬ 
els  per  acre,  or  about  2  in.  apart  in 
the  row. 

I  have  not  had  much  experience  with 
the  Ontario,  but  I  would  say  the  rate 
of  planting  of  solid  drilled  beans  would 
be  about  1%  bu.,  or  if  planted  in  14-in. 
rows,  use  about  50  lbs. 

We  have  found  that  the  Senecas  do 
best  for  us  in  14-in.  rows,  using  about 
45  lbs.  to  the  acre,  or  about  2  y2  to  3  in. 
in  the  row.  This  bean  grows  much 
taller,  with  a  larger  stalk  and  a  larger 
leaf.  If  you  must  plant  on  weedy 
ground,  it  is  best  to  plant  in  rows  that 
can  be  cultivated. 

Regardless  of  the  variety,  be  sure 
and  get  inoculation  which  is  sold  in 
cans  similar  to  that  used  for  alfalfa  or 
clover,  but  be  sure  to  get  soybean  in¬ 
oculation.  Soil  from  a  field  that  had 
a  good  crop  of  soys  on  last  year  can 
be  used.  If  this  is  done,  scrape  off 
about  2  in.  of  top  soil;  then  take  a 
shovel  or  two  of  the  next  3  or  4  in.  and 
place  it  in  a  pail  of  water.  Mix  thor¬ 
oughly  and  let  it  settle.  Then  sprinkle 
the  beans  with  enough  of  the  solution 
to  wet  each  bean  slightly.  Be  care¬ 
ful  not  to  get  them  too  wet  so  as  to 
wrinkle  the  coating  of  the  bean.  Dry 
by  spreading  out  on  the  floor,  and  plant 
as  soon  as  possible. 

How  Deep? 

Compact  the  soil  before  drilling,  and 
drill  about  1(4  in.  deep  in  heavy  soil 
or  1%  to  2  in.  in  good  loam.  Use  200 
to  300  lbs.  of  20%  superphosphate  or 
a  good  complete  fertilizer  if  needed. 

Our  experience  has  been  that  we 
have  had  much  higher  yields  by  plant¬ 
ing  soybeans  the  second  year  on  The 
same  land.  There  are  two  reasons  for 
this:  First,  a  better  and  more  com¬ 
plete  inoculation  is  obtained,  especially 
in  a  dry  year;  and,  second,  the  free¬ 
dom  from  weeds  is  a  factor.  Under 
normal  conditions,  two  or  three  culti¬ 
vations  are  necessary  with  weeder, 
spike-tooth  harrow,  or  rotary  hoe. 

With  good  moisture  and  warm 
weather,  the  beans  will  start  to  break 
through  in  four  or  five  days,  and  as 
soon  as  they  show  their  true  leaves 
and  are  about  2  or  3  in.  high,  start 
cultivation  lengthwise  of  the  rows.'  The 
next  time,  go  crosswise;  and  the  third 
time,  lengthwise  again.  By  this  time, 
if  planted  in  solid  drills  or  in  14-in. 
rows,  the  leaves  should  pretty  well 
shade  the  ground  and  will  smother  any 
weeds  that  may  germinate. 


Never  cultivate  except  on  a  sunshiny 
day,  and  be  sure  there  is  no  dew  on 
them.  It  is  better  to  wait  until  mid¬ 
day,  as  then  the  plants  are  tough, 
will  stand  punishment,  and  will  not 
break  off.  Don’t  look  behind  you.  Just 
keep  going  as  you  will  not  hurt  the 
plants  if  they  are  thoroughly  dry,  even 
when  young.  Best  results  are  obtained 


woman  must  fight.  Food  is  a  vital  es¬ 
sential— and  it  is  the  American  farm¬ 
ers’  business  to  produce  that  food. 

To  build  your  farming  business  to 
new  high  levels  of  production,  great 
numbers  of  machines  and  equipment 
are  going  to  be  'required.  But  the 
armament  program  is  taking  a  huge 
bite  out  of  the  supply  of  raw  mate¬ 
rials  that  are  used  in  building  new 
tractors  and  equipment.  The  need 
for  farm  machines  will  be  greater  — 
but  fewer  will  be  produced. 


if  cultivation  is  done  after  a  rain  when 
the  soil  is  crusted  a  little,  as  this 
eliminates  the  weeds  without  injury  to 
the  deep-rooted  beans. 

If  you  are  using  a  rotary  hoe,  use 
a  tractor  and  travel  at  around  five 
miles  per  hour,  or  faster  if  you  can,  as 
speed  is  what  does  a  thorough  job  of 
weeding  with  this  tool.  Weight  it  with 
stone  if  necessary  on  hard  ground. 

The  ideal  way  to  harvest  the  crop  is 
with  a  combine,  but  they  can  be  cut 
with  a  grain  binder  or  with  a  windrow 
attachment  on  a  mower  and  threshed 
with  a  threshing  machine.  Combine 
them  when  all  leaves  have  fallen  off 
and  the  beans  are  hard.  Leave  the 
straw  on  the  ground  and  plow  it  under 
as  it  will  loosen  up  the  soil  better  than 
any  other  crop  I  know.  The  straw 
has  no  feeding  value. 

With  early  maturing  corn  for  silage, 
the  Seneca  is  the  best  bean  to  use; 
but  for  Sweepstakes  or  other  late  'Va¬ 
rieties,  use  Manchu.  If  you  have  never 
tried  soybeans  :n  silage,  you  have 
missed  something. 

With  the  late  types  of  corn  binders, 
you  will  have  no  trouble  harvesting 


Check  your  old  machines.  List  the 
new  parts  you  need.  Order  these 
parts  now.  Call  on  your  dealer  for  ex¬ 
pert  repair  service.  Put  new  life  in 
your  old  equipment  and  make  it 
work  as  never  before. 

If  you’re  a  Farmall  farmer,  here’s 
what  your  International  Harvester 
dealer  will  do  for  you.  He  will  supply 
genuine  IHC  parts  for  any  of  your 
machines.  He  will  give  you  the  best 
repair  service,  in  a  shop  that  is  al- 


soybeans.  For  hay,  the  Seneca  is  un¬ 
surpassed  as  it  matures  for  this  pur¬ 
pose  soon  enough  to  take  advantage  of 
hot  days  in  August  to  cure.  Cut  the 
crop  with  a  mower,  preferably  with  a 
windrow  attachment. 

For  green  feed  to  supplant  pasture, 
the  Seneca  is  also  tops.  It  can  be  fed 
in  any  amount  that  the  animals  will 
clean  up ,  without  harmful  effects,  and 
they  love  it.  They  will  eat  it  in  pref¬ 
erence  to  sweet  corn  or  sudan  grass, 
and  we  have  never  had  an  animal 
bloat  on  it.  Neither  is  there  any  off 
flavor  in  the  milk,  regardless  of  when 
it  is  fed.  It  makes  an  excellent  silage 
crop  when  planted  alone,  but  molasses 
or  phosphoric  acid  must  be  used  to 
preserve  it. 

Be  sure  the  source  of  your  seed  is 
O.K.  It  is  better  to  pay  a  little  more 
and  get  certified  seed  that  is  true  to 
name  and  has  a  guaranteed  germina¬ 
tion  of  not  'less  than  90%.  Ask  your 
County  Agricultural  Agent  or  write  to 
the  Plant  Breeding  Department  at  Cor¬ 
nell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  and 
they  will  furnish  you  with  the  names 
of  responsible  seed  growers. 


because  they  are  backed  with  un¬ 
beatable  service  and  unlimited  parts 
supplies.  Now,  when  this  service  is 
so  "vital,  you’ll  find  it  on  the  job  at 
your  command.  The  rest  is  up  to  you. 

For  the  achievement  of  Victory 
and  the  preservation  of  your  land— 
increase  your  food  production. 

Let  your  International  Harvester 
dealer  help  you  with  his  advice. 

INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  COMPANY 


180  North  Michigan  Avenue,  Chicago,  Illinois 


AMERICA  is  engaged  in  a  gigantic 
J\  struggle  for  the  very  preserva¬ 
tion  of  the  nation.  Industry  and  Ag¬ 
riculture  look  forward  to  a  VICTORY 
in  which  all  men  and  women  will 
share  —  and  for  which  every  man  and 


There  is  only  one  answer:  Every 
available  piece  of  farm  equipment  in 
this  country  must  be  pressed  into  serv¬ 
ice  to  increase  food  production. 

PUT  NEW  LIFE 
IN  YOUR  OLD  EQUIPMENT! 


ways  close  at  hand  and  that  has  the 
equipment  to  do  each  job  properly, 
quickly,  and  at  low  cost. 

For  generations  men  have  bought 
McCormick- Deering  machines  be- 
they  are  good  machines  and 


cause 


For  Defense 
of  a  Nation 


ON  80  acres  of  fertile  New  Jersey  soil, 
John  D.  Noller  and  his  family  grow 
truck  crops.  Their  farm  is  in  Mon¬ 
mouth  County,  a  spot  made  famous 
years  ago  by  Molly  Pitcher  and  an 
army  of  farm  boys  in  their  fight  for 
American  independence.  Today  that 
section,  like  the  rest  of  the  Nation,  is 
again  on  the  alert. 

The  Noller  farm  is  right  now  on  a 
war  footing.  Equipment  overhauled, 
ready  for  spring.  Extra  repair  parts 
actually  on  hand.  Tons  of  fertilizer  at 
the  farm.  Every  hand  is  needed  but 
John  Jr.  works  on  war  goods  in  a  near-by 
machine  shop.  Fred  takes  time  .out 
Monday  afternoons  as  an  air-raid  spot¬ 
ter,  scanning  the  skies  for  what  he 
hopes  will  never  appear.  Pie  just  turned 
21  and  was  “privileged  to  register  for 
the  draft.”  Elis  father  “  would  hate  to 
see  him  go.  He’d  be  hard  to  replace;  but 
if  the  country  Yieeds  him  ...” 

The  Noller  home  is  neat  and  com¬ 
fortable.  Their  land  is  productive.  For 
two  seasons  now  their  tomatoes  won 
blue  ribbons.  But  it  wasn’t  always  that 


way.  Fourteen  years  ago  when  John  and 
Frances  Noller  moved  in,  with  their 
four  small  children,  the  place  was  run 
down  and  unkept.  By  family  teamwork, 
by  thrift,  courage  and  resourcefulness 
they  built  it  up.  Yes,  the  Nollers  had  to 
map  their  own  campaigns,  win  their 
own  battles.  They  know  you  earn  your 
independence  .  .  .  and  fight,  if  you  must, 
to  keep  it. 

Four  years  in  a  row  they  piled  loss  on 
loss.  Truck  farming  has  been  a  heart- 
breaker  at  times,  but  the  Nollers  stuck 
to  their  guns.  When  they  bought  the 
home  place  it  had  a  Land  Bank  loan  on 
it.  They  have  never  missed  a  payment. 
In  better  years,  they  lay  up  a  reserve 
for  the  poor  ones. 

When  the  oldest  boy  got  married 
they  bought  another  farm  near  by  to 
enlarge  the  business  and  to  provide  him 
a  home.  Another  Land  Bank  loan 
financed  that.  The  Nollers  know  that 
good  financing  is  a  help,  and  they  like 
Land  Bank  financing  because  it  takes  a 
lot  of  the  uncertainty  out  of  borrowing 
money. 


In  the  past  25  years  the  Land  Bank 
has  helped  countless  farm  families  to 
win  their  independence.  Yes,  the  Land 
Bank  now  celebrates  the  completion  of 
its  first  quarter  century  and  the  start  of 
another.  Nearly  45,000  Northeastern 
farmers  have  used  its  long-term  loans. 
A  third  have  paid  out  and  many  of  the 
rest  have  their  loans  paid  well  down. 

The  Land  Bank’s  job  is  to  help  farm¬ 
ers  get  out  of  debt.  It  is  a  silent  co-part¬ 
ner  with  every  man  to  keep  his  farm  at 
the  highest  state  of  preparedness.  Its 
long-term  loans  give  him  and  his  family 
independence  and  confidence  for  the 
future.  Thus  the  Land  Bank  helps  to 
make  the  Northeast  a  better  place  to 
live  .  .  .  does  its  part  to  help  build  a 
Nation  that  men  will  fight  to  preserve. 

For  details  about  Land  Bank  financing ,  or 
about  Farm  Loan  Association  in  your  locality , 
address  the 

FEDERAL  LAND  BANK 
OF  SPRINGFIELD 

Springfield,  Massachusdttl 

Serving  New  York,  New  Jersey,  New  England 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


11  (117) 


What’s  in  the  Cards 

fey  fed  W.  Mitchell 


A  STORY  that  tickled  my  funny  bone 
lately,  but  may  be  old  to  some  of. 
you,  is  about  the  Irishman  Pat  at 
death’s  door  with  his  priest  trying  to 
administer  extreme  unction  and  the 
last  rites.  “Pat,”  said  the  priest, 
“you’re  a  very  sick  man  and  you  have 
been  a  very  wicked  man,  this  may  be 
your  last  chance  at  salvation;  do  you 
hereby  renounce  the  Devil  and  all  his 
works  ?” 

“Father,”  said  Pat,  “what  you  say  is 
true,  I  have  been  a  wicked  man  and 
I  am  a  very  sick  man,  but  in  my  pre¬ 
carious  position  I  dare  not  antagonize 
anybody.” 

The  apple  business  may  be  going  to 
the  Devil  or  it  may  be  going  the  other 
way,  so  we  want  to  be  a  little  bit  care¬ 
ful  of  undertaking  hew  contracts  with¬ 
out  giving  the  matter  some  .careful 
thought.  If  we  ever  do  reach  the  haven 
of  good  prices  and  safety  it  will  be 
much  like  this  mother’s  answer  to  her 
little  girl.  The  child  asked,  "Mother, 
do  any  men  get  to  Heaven?”  “Yes 
dear,  I  guess  a  few  do.” 

“Then  mummy,  why  don’t  you  ever 
see  any  pictures  of  angels  with  whisk¬ 
ers  ?” 

“That,  my  dear,  is  because  any  men 
that  do  get  in  there,  get  in  by  a  close 
shave.” 

Any  apple  growers  who  get  by  these 
past  few  years  and  reach  the  golden 
streets  will  probably  be  without  whisk¬ 
ers  and  also  some  of  their  apparel.  But 
as  one  darkie  said  to  another  who  was 
worrying  about  how  he  would  manage 
to  hold  onto  his  gown  with  one  hand 
and  play  his  harp  with  the  other:  “Boy, 
you  jest  worry  about  gettin’  there, 
don’t  fret  about  havin’  no  britches  and 
carrin’  de  tune.” 

Right  now  some  of' us  wonder  if  ap¬ 
ple  prices  are  going  to  go  up  or  down, 
or  just  stay  where  they  are.  It  is 
anybody’s  guess,  but  the  figures  on 
present  holdings,  factory  pay-rolls,  and 
the  movement  all  season  would  indi¬ 
cate  a  fairly  strong  market  and  a 
slight  and  gradual  increase  in  price, 
especially  for  the  better  grades. 

What  about  next  year  and  the  ones 
after  that?  Is  it  safe  to  buy  a  spray 
rig,  a  lot  of  spray  and  hire  a  lot  of 
labor  to  produce  a  crop?  Is  it  safe  to 
invest  in  a  farm  cold  storage  and  plant 
more  trees?  Nothing  is  sure  but  death 


and  taxes;  and  nothing  is  safe  that 
offers  much  opportunity  for  profit. 
Growing  apples  or  any  other  food  right 
now  is  not  a  matter  of  safety  and  per¬ 
sonal  profit,  but  a  matter  of  duty  as 
our  part  in  this  war.  Every  fruit  grow¬ 
er  is  obligated  to  do  his  best  till  the 
war  is  won.  However,  it  does  look  like 
he  will  get  well  paid  for  his  contri¬ 
bution. 

Census  figures  show  the  number  of 
bearing  trees  and  replacements  to  be 
the  lowest  in  many  years  and  still  go¬ 
ing  down,  about  half  right  now  com¬ 
pared  to  1910.  Production  per  capita 
is  also  about  half  of  what  it  was  then, 
with  only  about  1  bushel  per  person 
in  these  United  States.  That  is  not 
very  many  apples  for  our  people  to 
eat.  No  other  fruit  can  be  used  in  so 
many  different  ways,  and  no  other  fruit 
is  grown  in  any  volume  so  close  to 
the  big  consuming  centers.  If  apples 
do  not  pay  a  profit,  I  doubt  whether 
any  other  line  of  farming  will. 

There  is  always  a  good  case  for  di¬ 
versified  farming,  and  certainly  it  has 
been  demonstrated  to  *  be  safe  and 
sound;  but  it  has  also  been  amply  dem¬ 
onstrated  to  be  a  way  of  life  that  offers 
a  lot  of  hard  work  for  very  little  profit. 
Those  who  have  good  fruit  land,  want 
to  grow  fruit  and  know  the  game, 
might  better  stick  to  their  last  and 
take  a  chance,  rather  than  play  safe 
and  slowly  fade  away.  Yes,  I  think  it 
is  not  only  safe  to  go  ahead  and  pro¬ 
duce  this  next  crop  and  the  next  till 
the  war  is  won,  but  to  plant  trees  and 
put  in  improvements  and  ,go  ahead 
with  the  apple  business  wherever  it 
has  been  able  to  survive  these  past  few 
years.  The  apple  business  has  been 
tough  lately,  partly  because  it  takes  a 
long  time  to  freeze  out  the  marginal 
producers :  conversely,  no  one  can  jump 
into  the  apple  business  overnight  like 
he  can  into  poultry  and  most  kinds  of 
crops,  but  has  to  wait  about  10  years 
and  invest  about  $300  an  acre  and  learn 
a  lot  about  the  business.  This  protects 
apple  growing  from  sudden,  violent 
fluctuations.  We  have  stuck  out  these 
last  20  years  and  might  as  well  get  the 
benefits  that  ought  to  come  during  the 
next  20. 

Farmers,  like  a  good  many  other 
business  men,  are  apt  to  be  so  intent 
( Continued  on  Page  22) 

»  


HE  RAISES  FIJ%TE  APPLES:  Arthur  E-  Thompson  of  New  Gloucester, 

i  Maine,  with  his  exhibit  at  the  Maine  State 
Apple  Show  held  in  Lewiston,  January  20  to  22.  Mr.  Thompson,  who  is  62,  has  been 
raising  apples  a  quarter  of  a  century.  His  orchard  has  2500  trees.  “Today’s  mar¬ 
ket,”  he  says,  “is  nip  and  tuck  between  the  McIntosh  and  Baldwin  varieties.  The 
future  of  Maine  apples  does  not  seeijl  too  bad!”  Incidentally,  Mr.  Thompson  knows 
all  the  ins  and  outs  of  raising  fine  |pples;  but  this  display,  which  won  a  prize  for 
its  attractiveness,  was  done  entirely  by  his  wife. 


Speeds  Seedbeds  for  Victory 


iThis  man  sets  a  pace  for  all  America  to  admire,  an  example 
for  all  Americans  to  adopt.  Once  the  gangs  of  gleaming 
disks  are  set  to  suit  his  sweet  black  soil  he  never  backs, 
never  stops,  never  falters  until  day  is  done  or  field  is  fin¬ 
ished.  At  every  turn  he  straightens  his  harrow  to  leave  the 
headlands  level.  At  soft  spots  where  wheels  might  mire,  at  sod 
strips  sown  to  save  soil  from  erosion,  he  straightens  the  gangs 
again  and  again.  But  he  drives  ever  forward  because  his  harrow 
angles  and  straightens  on-the-go  at  the  pull  of  a  trip  rope  from 
the  tractor  seat.  It  is  a  Case  Power  Control  Disk  Harrow. 

Though  his  hired  help  has  gone  to  make  munitions,  his  son 
gone  to  camp  or  ship,  this  man  will  work  the  miracle  of  more 
food  with  less  manpower,  the  miracle  of  a  free  agriculture  mobil¬ 
ized  to  feed  its  fighters.  As  he  produces  more  he  prospers  more — 
the  practical  patriotism  that  earns  gladly  to  pay  proudly  the 
price  of  his  country’s  defense. 

If  you  have  Case  implements,  use  their  extra  convenience  to 
conserve  your  strength,  their  extra  capacity  to  make  your  farming 
more  timely,  more  fruitful.  Use  your  Case  dealer’s  service  to  keep 
them  at  peak  performance,  to  make  their  long  life  still  longer. 


jTf TO  agriculi  ^ 


In  1842  Jerome  I.  Case  started  to  build 
machines  to  make  farm  work  easier,  farm 
earnings  better,  food  more  plentiful.  In 
1892,  midway  in  the  century,  his  firm 
built  the  world’s  first  gas  tractor.  Out 
of  this  long  experience  comes  the  long 
life  built  into  Case  tractors,  machines 
and  implements.  Write  for  books  or 
folders  on  any  farm  equipment  you  need* 
J.  I.  Case  Co.,  Dept.  B-6,  Racine,  Wis., 
or  nearest  branch. 


Northern 

Cross 

Sweet  Corn 


•HARRIS  SEEDS 

BEST  FOR  THE  NORTH 

•We  specialize  in  growing  the  test  early  strains  for  growers 
whose  seasons  are  short, 

SWEET  CORN  PEPPERS  SQUASH 

MUSKMELONS  TOMATOES  BEETS,  Etc. 

Our  varieties  are  noted  everywhere  for  earliness,  superior  Quality 
and  best  yields. 

All  of  the  finest  varieties  of  vegetables  and  flowers  are  described 
and  illustrated  in  our  1942  catalogue.  Send  for  Your  Free  Copy 
today  and  order  by  mail  direct  from  our  Seed  Farms. 

If  you  grow  for  market,  ask  for  the  Market 
Gardeners  and  Florists  Price  List. 

JOSEPH  HARRIS  CO.,  Inc.,  32  Moreton  Farm,  Rochester,  N.Y. 

1942  CATALOG  HOW  Timdu . 


(118)  12 


CONSULT  YOUR 
SINCLAIR  MAN 

NOW 

for  Motor  Oils  and 
Greases  for  1942 


Have  you  placed  your  order  for  motor 
oils  and  greases  for  the  coming  sea¬ 
son?  We  suggest  you  see  your  local 
Sinclair  agent  right  away  and  place 
your  order  now. 

Your  local  Sinclair  agent  is  now 
accepting  orders  for  future  delivery. 
Go  over  your  farm  needs  with  him 
and  arrange  for  delivery  of  his  high 
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when  calling  on  your  local  dealer 


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See  this  new  Bl-3  ROTOTILLER.  A  complete 
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Built  to  exacting  automotive  standards.  Fast 
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ROTOTILLER,  INC. 
TROY,  N.  Y.  DEPT.  Q 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 

What  Farmers  Are  Up  Against 

(Continued  from  Page  4) 


to  produce  food  to  win  the  war. 

With  the  exception  of  wheat  and  cot¬ 
ton,  stocks  of  farm  products  right  now 
in  this  country  are  low.  We  have  had 
several  good  crop  years.  It  could  very 
easily  be  in  the  cards  that  this  year 
would  be  a  bad  crop  year.  If  so,  this 
nation  and  our  allies  might  be  in  a  dis¬ 
astrous  situation  next  fall  and  winter 
so  far  as  food  is  concerned. 

DAYLIGHT  SAVING 

Many  dairymen  are  writing  in  about 
what  Daylight  Saving  is  going  to  do 
to  the  farm  business  at  a  time  when 
the  farmer  is  asked  to  increase  pro¬ 
duction  to  help  win  the  war.  Already 
New  York  City’s  Board  of  Health  has 
ruled  that  dairymen  may  deliver  milk 
to  receiving  stations  in  the  New  York 
milk  shed  one  hour  later  by  the  clock 
while  Daylight  Saving  Time  is  in  ef¬ 
fect.  This  ruling  resulted  from  an  ap¬ 
peal  of  President  Fred  H.  Sexauer  of 
the  Dairymen’s  League.  Mr.  Sexauer 
also  asked  Dr.  Thomas  Parran,  U.  S. 
Surgeon  General,  for  cooperation  in  ob¬ 
taining  similar  permission  from  all 
city  Boards  of  Health  throughout  the 
New  York  milk  shed. 

Mr.  Sexauer  points  out  that  farmers 
are  already  working  from  before  dawn 
to  after  sundown.  If  dairymen  are  re¬ 
quired  to  start  the  morning’s  milking 
an  hour  earlier  they  will  use  more  elec¬ 
tric  current,  thereby  adding  to  milk 
production  costs  and  defeating  one  of 
the  purposes  of  Daylight  Saving  Time, 
which  is  to  conserve  electricity. 

Well,  I  have  fought  Daylight  Sav¬ 
ing  ever  since  it  started.  A  few  farm¬ 
ers  like  it,  but  mostly  it  adds  to  their 
burdens  and  to  that  of  mothers  in  get¬ 
ting  children  to  school  and  to  bed  on 
time.  But  we  are  at  war,  and  there  is 
nothing  we  can  do  about  it  now. 

FARM  LABOR  AND  THE  DRAFT 

Another  problem,  in  many  respects 
the  worst  of  all  in  the  production  of 
a  sufficient  amount  of  food,  is  the 

shortage  of  farm  labor.  It  is  the  worst 

in  the  history  of  agriculture.  I  am  in 

receipt  of  many  letters  from  farmers, 
many  of  them  pathetic,  asking  what 
to  do  about  their  boys  who  have  al¬ 
ready  been  drafted  or  who  are  likely 
to  be.  Fathers  write  that  instead  of  in¬ 
creasing  production  they  are  quitting 
farming  entirely  and  going  to  work  in 
some  defense  industry,  or  that  they 
are  planning  to  reduce  their  operations 
materially. 


American  Agriculturist  is  doing 
what  we  can  to  present  this  problem 
to  the  authorities.  It  is  complicated  by 
the  fact  that  farm  boys,  because  of 
their  mechanical  knowledge,  make  bet¬ 
ter  ''Soldiers  in  this  mechanical  war 
than  do  city  boys,  and  it  is  hard  to 
convince  Army  authorities  that  there 
is  real  danger  of  food  shortage.  Before 
Pearl  Harbor,  many  Draft  Boards 
were  very  fair  about  deferring  farm 
help.  They  are  under  pressure  now  to 
get  more  men  for  the  Army. 

The  thing  for  you  to  do  in  order  to 
keep  your  boy  or  hired  man  in  food 
production  is  to  go  to  your  Draft 
Board  and  present  your  case  as  strong¬ 
ly  as  you  can,  with  proof.  Don’t  put  it 
on  a  personal  basis,  of  course.  The  on¬ 
ly  thing  that  counts  is  the  necessity  of 
these  country  boys  helping  to  produce 
the  food  which  the  Nation,  the  Army, 
and  the  Allies  need. 

Something  should  be  done,  also,  to 
impress  upon  the  boys  themselves  that 
they  may  render  a  greater  service 
working  right  where  they  are  with 
everything  they  have  to  produce  more 
food  than  they  could  as  just  cogs  in  a 
great  army  machine.  The  Granges, 
Farm  Bureaus,  and  dairy  leaders  in 
every  community  could  well  take  steps 
with  resolutions  and  personal  contacts 
to  impress  farm  boys  with  the  fact 

that  they  are  serving  their  country 

right  where  they  are.  This  does  not 

apply,  of  course,  to  the  slacker  who  is 
using  his  farm  job  as  an  excuse  to 
avoid  the  Draft. 

CONCLUSION 

In  spite  of  all  the  misunderstanding 
and  unfairness  toward  farmers,  the 
fact  remains  that  every  food  producer 

must  go  all  out  with  everything  he  has 

to  do  his  part,  just  as  farmers  down 

through  the' years  always  have  done. 
As  I  have  pointed  out  in  the  article  on 
the  front  page,  few  people  in  either 
city  or  country  realize  that  this  war 
is  no  pushover.  There’s  a  lot  of  indif¬ 
ference.  There  is  too  little  understand¬ 
ing  of  the  serious  situation  America  is 
now  in.  Everything  that  we  have  is  at 
stake.  We  can  win  only  by  work 
and  sacrifice,  and  we  should  be  happy 
if  most  of  us  are  fortunate  enough  to 
escape  the  blood  and  the  tears.  There’s 
a  long,  desperate  struggle  ahead,  with 
danger  of  grave  disaster  facing  us  all 
the  way.  The  end  is  not  clear.  That 
puts  it  up  to  every  one  of  us  to  give 
everything  we  have  to  winning  this 
war. 


BRUSH  PICKER:  This  sturdily  built  buck-rake  enables  I*.  J.  Van  Lare  of 

Sodus,  N.  Y.,  to  collect  the  brush  in  his  orchard  and 
push  it  directly  onto  the  fire  for  burning;.  The  rake  is  built  with  eight  teeth  that 
are  about  six  feet  long;.  They  can  be  raised  a  few  inches  with  a  single  pull  on  the 
set  of  pulleys  shown. 

The  limbs  and  twigs  cut  off  at  pruning  time  are  left  in  piles  far  enough  away  from 
the  trunk  of  the  tree  to  enable  the  tractor  driver  to  reach  them  handily  with  the 
rake,  thus  making  a  quick  time-saving  method  of  getting  rid  of  orchard  brush. 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


13  (119) 


Surplus  Wheat  for 
N  or  theasteru 
Livestock 

ON  JANUARY  30  the  U.  S.  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  made  an  an¬ 
nouncement  of  tremendous  importance 
to  northeastern  agriculture.  Stripped 
down  to  its  essentials,  it  is  that  100,- 
000,000  bushels  of  ever-normal  granary 
wheat,  owned  by  the  Commodity  Credit 
Corporation  will  be  sold  for  livestock 
feed.  Back  of  this  announcement,  we 
are  told,  is  the  belief  that  the  logical 
function  of  an  ever-normal  granary  is 
to  store  wheat  when  crops  are  big  and 
to  use  it  when  it  is  needed.  This  ac¬ 
tion  also  will  increase  production  of 
milk  and  meat  and  will  release  storage 
space  if  needed  for  another  bumper 
wheat  crop. 

More  important  than  the  bare  an¬ 
nouncement  of  the  sale  is  the  price, 
which  in  the  northeastern  area  will  al¬ 
low  farmers,  depending  on  where  they 
live,  to  buy  this  wheat  for  around 
$35.00  a  ton,  which  makes  it  an  ex¬ 
ceedingly  good  buy. 

Already  at  least  600,000  bushels 
have  been  bought  in  the  Northeast, 
and  it  is  probable  that  by  the  time 
you  read  this,  some  of  it  will  actually 
be  out  on  farms.  That  is  just  a  start. 
With  100,000,000  bushels  released,  and 
with  the  heavy  concentration  of  live¬ 
stock  and  poultry  in  this  area,  it  would 
seem  that  a  minimum  of  5,000,000 
bushels  should  eventually  be  used  here. 

How  to  Get  It 

One  provision  that  goes  along  with 
the  sale  of  this  wheat  is  that  it  is  to 
be  used  for  feeding  and  not  for  mill¬ 
ing.  There  are  two  ways  in  which  farm¬ 
ers  can  get  the  wheat.  One  is  to  work 
together  in  groups  and  order  a  carload 
with  a  minimum  of  1,000  bushels. 
Groups  that  want  to  do  this  should 
get  in  touch  with  their  County  Agri- 
;ultural  Conservation  Agent,  who  will 
certify  to  the  Commodity  Credit  Cor¬ 
poration  that  it  is  to  be  fed  and  not 
milled.  We  mention  buying  by  groups 
because  it  is  improbable  that  many  in¬ 
dividuals  would  want  to  buy  as  much 
as  1,000  bushels.  The  wheat  is  then  or¬ 
dered  from  Allen  T.  Sawyer,  Com¬ 
modity  Credit  Corporation,  208  S.  La¬ 
Salle  Street,  Chicago,  Illinois,  and  paid 
for  on  arrival. 

The  other  method  is  to  order  it 
through  your  local  cooperative  or  feed 
dealer,  who  will  pool  orders  and  buy 
as  many  cars  of  this  wheat  as  he  feels 
he  can  sell.  The  wheat  can  be  pur¬ 
chased  either  whole,  cracked  or  ground. 
Cracked  or  ground  wheat  costs  about 
4c  more  a  bushel.  The  wheat,  of  course, 
has  to  be  shipped  in  straight  carloads. 
That  is,  you  cannot  order  a  car,  half 
to  be  whole  and  half  ground. 

How  to  Feed  It 

For  dairy  cows,  wheat,  if  ground 
coarse,  can  make  up  as  much  as  35% 
of  the  dairy  ration  if  at  least  one  bulky 
( Continued  on  Page  26) 


“A  pedestrian,  my  boy,  is  a 
person  with  a  wife,  a  daughter , 
two  sons  and  a  car!” 


% 


Food  for  Freedom  . . . 

Food  for  Victory  .  .  .  Forwar-r-r-d,  March! 


The  American  farmer  shouts,  “Come  on.  Let's  go!” 

More  milk,  more  pork,  more  eggs  and  poultry;  more  fruits,  vegetables  and 
vegetable  oils  .  .  .  These  are  foods  America  needs  —  and  foods  our  Allies  need. 
These  foods  from  American  farms  will  help  win  the  war  on  every  front. 


Farmers  are  now  enlisted  in  the  greatest 
food  production  program  ever  known  —  the 
Food  for  Freedom  program  organized  by  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Your  promise  to  meet  your  food  production 
goal,  puts  you  literally  on  the  fighting  front. 
Now  food  will  flow  from  your  farm  —  from 
every  farm  —  so  that  every  American  fight¬ 
ing  man,  every  American  war 
worker  and  civilian,  can  have 
the  strength-building  foods 
that  victory  requires.. 

Beyond  our  own  huge  war-time 
needs,  we  are  pledged  to  de¬ 
liver  to  Great  Britain  vast 
quantities  of  milk,  pork,  eggs, 
poultry,  fruit,  vegetables  and 
vegetable  oils.  These  are  foods 
her  people  need  so  they  can 


fight  and  work  shoulder  to  shoulder  with  us. 
Now  is  the  time  to  get  your  farm  ready  — 
your  implements  in  shape.  This  is  the  zero 
hour  for  getting  all  set  to  produce  the  foods 
that  will  help  us  and  our  allies  smash 
through  to  victory  and  peace. 

Food  is  a  big  gun  in  this  war.  Food  will  win 
it.  It  will  break  the  enemy  down.  Foods 
which  you  produce  on  your 
farm  are  just  as  vital  as  planes, 
ships,  tanks. 

Your  own  farm  goal  is  a  vital 
link  in  a  great  chain  of  effort. 
No  chain  is  stronger  than  its 
weakest  link.  That’s  why  what 
you  do,  on  your  farm,  is  so 
everlastingly  important. 

Food  for  Freedom  . . .  Food  for 
Victory! 


TOUR  HUN  CAR  HIP 


★  «mo  suns  KNirnui  if  uimtik  ★ 


! 


This  is  one  of  a  series  of  reports  from  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  published 
by  the  Chilean  Nitrate  Educational  Bureau,  Inc.,  in  furtherance  of  the  Nation  s  agricultural 
defense  program.  Publication  of  this  report  in  this  space  does  not  constitute  endorsement  by  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  of  any  commercial  product. 


I  »ppr  CTnrif  new— used  tractor  parts  for  sale 
Li/MWje,  O  i  V/V.lx  cheap.  Order  nearest  branch. 
Catalog  free. 

IRVING'S  TRACTOR  LUG  CO..  Galesburg,  III. 


A  I  ' VVAYS  use  the  complete  address 
■rvi-.  m  when  answering  advertise¬ 

ments,  and  avoid  any  delay. 


When  Writing  Advertisers  Be  Sura  to  Mention  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


Harris' 

Blue 

Hubbard 

Squash 


•HARRIS  SEEDS- 

BEST  FOR  THE  NORTH 

OUR  SEEDS,  grown  here  in  the  north,  have  for 
years  insured  success  for  growers  whose  sea¬ 
sons  are  short.  Such  seed  is  more  hardy  and  vigor¬ 
ous  and  gives  exceptional  results  wherever  grown. 

Grow  HARRIS  Blue  Hubbard  SQUASH 

Growers  report  unusually  large  crops  from  our  strain,  which 
is  noted  for  its  fine  quality,  uniform  type  and  high  yield. 

For  PROMPT  SERVICE,  SEND  For  FREE  CATALOGUE  TODAY! 

If  you  grow  for  market,  ask  for  our  Market 
Gardeners  and  Florists  Price  List. 

JOSEPH  HARRIS  CO.,  Inc.,  33 MoretonFarm, Rochester, N.Y. 

Reliable  Mail  Order  Seedsmen  Since  1880. 

1942  CATALOG' 


Sales 
Service 

Livestock  breeders  who  are 
subscribers  of  A. A.  have  a 
special  and  distinctive  sales 
service  at  their  command, 
NORTHEAST  MARKET8 
FOR  NORTHEAST  PRO¬ 
DUCERS.  It  is  made  avail¬ 
able  to  readers  of  A.A.  in  an 
effort  to  open  markets  for 
surplus  that  otherwise  may 
have  to  be  sacrificed.  For 
details  and  rates,  write  the 
Advertising  Dept,  of  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist,  Savings 
Rank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


(120)  14 


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d> lJe-  rC^**ytZrt"IU,°f 

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calvM  Tru~~  v  '  ,"’/™  J  ^  A/fnse  ’ 

feed- 


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PROMOTES  HEALTHY 
DIGESTION  and  ASSIMILATION 

The  victory  program  and  the  urge  for  better 
dairy  profits  both  call  for  building  up  health 
and  productiveness  of  every  producing  cow, 
and  those  about  to  freshen.  When  milk 
prices  are  up  there  is  every  added  reason  to  off¬ 
set  the  shock  and  stress  of  winter-feeding  or  of 
calving  strains  by  building  up  the  vital  func¬ 
tions  so  that  production  lapses  and  health 
break-downs  never  threaten.  The  key  to  cow 
health  lies  in  vigorous  functioning  of  the  diges¬ 
tion  and  assimilation,  because  in  these  organs 
lies  the  clearing-house  of  efficient  use  of  ex¬ 
pensive  feeds. 


I 


HOW  IRON-IODINE  HELPS 

Kow-Kare  is  a  balanced  medicinal  formula  of 
tonic-conditioning  ingredients  in  which  Iron, 
the  great  blood  tonic,  blends  with  assimilable 
Iodine,  an  element  so  often  deficient  in  pre¬ 
pared  feeds  and  farm  roughage.  By  giving  aid 
to  the  hardest-worked  functions  of  a  cow’s  body 
she  is  aided  in  handling  ...  at  a  profit  .  .  .  more 
and  heavier  feeds,  without  unusual  hazards  to 
general  health.  The  same  factors  make  logical 
a  definite  period  of  pre-calving  conditioning 
with  Kow-Kare,  added  to  the  feed.  It  is  easy  to 
feed,  simple,  and  very  inexpensive.  Sold  at  feed, 
drug  and  general  stores,  $1.25  and  65e  packages. 
Sent  by  mail  if  dealer  is  not  supplied. 

DAIRY  ASSOCIATION  CO.,  Inc. 
Dept.  12,  Lyndonville,  Vermont 


FOR 

only 


COW* 


Tonvi 


ft*4 


.y\ 

y 


t>p>ct 


7.  f  , 


KOW  KARE 

THE  CONDITIONER 


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^LAFAYETTE 


BUFFALO,  N.Y. 


K.A.  KELLY  AAAfMAGER 


ECONOMY  SILOS 


SAVE  FEED , 
LABOR ,  MONEY 


i 

Order  Early,  Avoid  Rising  Prices 

“My  Economy  Silo  sure  does  save  in 
feed,  labor  and  money!”  says  C.A.C.. 
Pennsylvania  farmer.  An  Economy 
Silo  on  your  farm  can  help  save  you 
money  and  trouble.  Large,  air-tight, 
easy-entrance  doors,  no  nails,  non¬ 
rot  base  anchor.  Guaranteed. 

SPECIAL,  NEW  DAIRYMAN'S  SILO 
Send  post -card  now  for-  free  catalog, 
prices  and  discounts. 

JOHN  A.  COLE 

Dept.  B,  Box  661  Kingston,  N.  Y. 


WOOD  •  CONCRETE  •  TILE  •  METAL 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


MaJzitUf  the  Mo&t  aj 

Home  Killed  Pork 


By  R.  B.  cMi+i+na+i 

New  York  State  College  of  Agriculture. 


MORE  PEOPLE  will  probably  think 
of  relying  on  their  home  supply 
of  pork — cured  and  fresh — than  have 
ever  dared  risk  this  venture  before. 
And  why  not?  Slaughtering  the  hog 
that  is  selected  for  home  use  seems  to 
be  a  rather  simple  matter,  even  though 
much  needless  work  may  be  involved 
simply  because  some  simple  principles 
are  ignored.  But  chilling,  cutting  up 
and  curing  the  product  are  different 
matters.  Here  not  only  skill,  but  in¬ 
formation  is  required,  and  the  quality 
of  the  product — and  hence  the  popu¬ 
larity  of  the  process — is  the  direct  re¬ 
sult  of  this  information. 

Now  this  is  why  real  hunger  must 
be  presupposed  before  palatability  of 
the  product  is  always  claimed.  But 
why?  Let  one  of  our  home  demonstra¬ 
tion  agents  suggest  to  you  some  of  the 
criticisms  she  heard  in  her  own  coun¬ 
ty.  Some  of  the  ladies  of  whom  she 
inquired  found  the  meat  too  salty. 
Some  housewives  said  the  bacon  was 
too  dry,  as  well  as  too  salty.  The  cure 
taken  in  by  the  meat  was  not  uniform 
and  hence  she  never  knows  beforehand 
just  what  this  or  that  piece  of  meat 
is  apt  to  be  like.  Sometimes  she  also 
complains  that  the  home  cured  meat 
of  their  own  lacks  in  cleanliness  and 
several  similar  objections  are  heard 
from  one  source  or  another. 

Now  Mr.  Pseudo  Butcher,  what  are 
you  going  to  do  about  it?  Ther°  is 
not  a  single  one  of  these  objections  for 
which  you  are  not  responsible  provid¬ 
ed  you  know  how  tu  slaughter  a  hog 
properly.  And  remember  sir,  that 
helping  in  the  production  of  an  ade¬ 
quate,  enjoyable  and  home-raised  food 
supply  is  one  of  the  most  patriotic 
things  for  a  farmer  to  do.  Whatever 
may  be  our  lot  in  the  next  few  years, 
farm  families  can  meet  this  challenge 
most  effectively  after  a  full,  nutritious 
and  satisfying  meal. 

Well  here  are  some  of  the  observa¬ 
tions  which  the  state  extension  service 
has  made: 

1 .  Chill  freshly  slaughtered  pork  to 
40°  F.  immediately.  It  is  time  we  left 
behind  that  perfectly  outmoded  claim 


that  we  must  “let  the  animal  heat  out” 
before  we  let  the  carcass  get  cold. 
How  in  heaven’s  name  could  the  animal 
heat  be  forced  from  the  carcass  bet¬ 
ter  than  by  chilling?  One  would  think 
chilling — or  even  freezing — created  an 
impervious  layer  through  which  ani¬ 
mal  heat  could  not  possibly  escape. 
It  is  also  claimed  by  some  killers  that 
the  confined  heat  causes  the  meat  to 
sour.  The  souring  was  the  effect  of 
slow  cooling,  for  spoilage  germs  ap¬ 
pear  in  a  very  few  hours  in  freshly 
slaughtered  pork.  Hog  carcasses  care¬ 
lessly  laid  on  the  floor  or  hung  up  so 
they  can  touch  each  other,  or  not  split 
down  the  back,  may  spoil  overnight 
even  at  33°  F.  Even  thi  head  may 
be  removed  from  the  rest  of  the  car¬ 
cass  and  the  leaf  fat  lifted,  to  hasten 
the  chilling.  And  please  remember, 
because  of  volume,  the  heavier  and 
fatter  the  hog,  the  more  the  danger. 
It  may  take  roughly  two  days  to  re¬ 
duce  the  in-carcass  temperature  of  a 
large  hog  to  the  required  degree. 

2.  Keep  curing  meat  cold,  thereby 
delaying  the  growth  and  development 
of  spoilage  germs.  Spoilage  is  in¬ 
excusable  and  a  sure  sign  of  careless¬ 
ness.  Never  put  anything  but  chilled 
meat  in  the  cure. 

3.  Be  very  exact  in  the  amount  of 
the  various  ingredients  used  for  the 
cure.  Some  men  cannot  bear  to  see 
meat  in  the  cure  without  a  covering  of 
salt.  Weigh  the  amount  of  salt  care¬ 
fully,  apply  that  amount  evenly  and 
then  stop.  Eight  pounds  of  salt  has 
been  recommended  for  dry  curing  100 
pounds  of  trimmed  pork  cuts.  But 
this  really  makes  the  meat  needlessly 
salt.  Six  pounds  is  ample  if  the  cure 
is  evenly  applied,  and  the  extra  two 
pounds  are  added  to  allow  for  lack  of 
uniformity.  (Let  me  see,  wasn’t  that 
mentioned  above  as  one  of  the  objec¬ 
tions  to  some  home-cured  meat?)  If 
the  dry  cure  is  desired,  rub  pne-half 
of  the  curing  agent  thoroughly  into 
the  pork  at  the  start  and  add  the  other 
half  in  a  week. 

It  is  hard  to  get  a  sufficiently  small 
( Continued  on  Page  23) 


ROUGHAGE — The  Basis  of  a  Cow  Ration 


THE  NORTHEAST  is  a  natural 
grass  and  clover  growing  area. 
This  is  the  basis  for  dairying  and  live¬ 
stock  raising  which  return  well  over 
half  the  income  of  this  great  agricul¬ 
tural  section. 

Fortunately  we  are  growing  better 
grass  and  clover  than  we  did  twenty 
years  ago.  There  are  a  number  of  rea¬ 
sons  for  that,  an  important  one  being 
that  we  appreciate  the  necessity  of 
feeding  grass  if  we  expect  it  to  grow. 
Take  pastures,  for  example.  For  years 
we  bewailed  the  fact  that  pastures 
were  getting  poorer  and  poorer,  but 
did  nothing  about  it.  Then  a  few  men 
at  our  state  colleges  rolled  up  their 
sleeves  and  started  to  work.  Now  we 
have  definite  programs  of  pasture  im¬ 
provement  that  work.  Lime  is  used 
where  needed;  plant  food  added,  par- 
ticularly  phosphorus  (and  in  some 
cases,  nitrogen);  until  a  herd  of  cows 
on  an  improved  pasture  can  get  some 
real  feed  instead  of  exercise. 

Here  are  a  few  of  the  principles  of 
pasture  improvement: 

1.  Improve  the  best  pasture  first 
rather  than  the  poorest. 

2.  Get  soil  tested  for  lime  and  add 


lime  where  necessary. 

3.  Apply  superphosphate  at  the  rate 
of  500  to  800  lbs.  per  acre  each  three 
to  five  years. 

4.  Divide  the  pasture  into  several 
fields  and  graze  them  in  rotation  to 
give  them  a  chance  to  recuperate. 

Occasionally  a  pasture  needs  to  be 
plowed  up  and  reseeded,  but  this  is  a 
useless  procedure  unless  plant  food  is 
provided  on  which  grass  can  feed. 

We  are  growing  better  hay,  too.  For 
years  we  heard  a  lot  of  preaching 
about  early  cutting;  yet  on  most  farms 
haying  wasn’t  started  until  after  the 
Fourth  of  July.  That  has  been  changed 
on  thousands  of  farms,  until  the  Fourth 
of  July  often  marks  the  end  of  the 
first  cutting. 

Haying  methods  have  improved,  al¬ 
so.  The  discovery  of  the  value  of  grass 
silage  makes  it  possible  for  a  man  to 
cut  his  hay  early  without  loss.  If  it 
rains,  it  goes  into  the  silo;  if  the 
weather  is  good,  it  goes  into  the  mow. 

The  ideal  which  is  approached  on 
many  farms  is  to  provide  the  cows  with 
all  of  the  high-quality  roughage  they 
can  possibly  eat.  That  practice  is  the 
basis  of  profitable  production  of  milk 
and  meat. 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


15  (121) 


THE  MARIETTA  CONCRETE  CORP. 

MARIETTA,  OHIO 

Baltimore,  Md.  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

Lilesville,  N.  C. 


STRONGEST 
PROTECTION 
AGAINST: 
FIRE!  STORM! 


MARIETTA  is  today’s 
"Greatest  Name  in  Silos." 
And  it's  the  Super-Construc¬ 
tion  behind  the  name  that 
builds  for  lasting  fame! 

Built  to  withstand  ALL  in¬ 
side  pressures  and  outside 
attacks.  Lock-joint,  "heavy- 
tamped"  concrete  staves — 
of  only  clean  sand  and 
gravel.  (No  combustible 
quarry  refuse.)  Acid  resist¬ 
ing  inside  coating.  Seal- 
tight  Redwood  doors.  Spe¬ 
cial  type  hooping — assures 
world's  safest  fortification 
for  Grass  silage,  also  ‘for 
Corn. 

For  larger  profits — LONGER 
—  and  to  get  1942  Early 
Buyers'  Discount  —  order 
NOW.  Write  for  new  fact- 
filled  folder  —  to  nearest 
office.  Dept.  aa. 


JUICE 
TIGHT! 


\ 


Wood  is  the  proven, 
best  material  in  which 
to  cure  and  keep  silage. 

But  only  the  Unadilla  has 
the  patented  lock  dowell- 
ing  and  V-type  anchors  that 
tie  the  entire  silo  into  a  Juice- 
hight  —  windproof  —  enduring 
structure.  With  fair  care  it 
should  outlast  any  other  silo. 
Save  the  Juice!  It  contains  valu¬ 
able  body  and  bone  building 
mineral  food.  Sure-grip,  sure- 
step,  door-front  ladder  assures 
convenience  and  safety. 

Write  today  for  catalog  and  early  - 
order  low  prices.  Unadilla  Silo  Co., 
Box  B,  Unadilla,  N.  Y. 

AGENTS  WANTED  —  for  Open  Territory. 


UNADILLA  SILOS 


PRODUCE  —  with  KOROK 


Conserve  the  full  value  of  your 
home  grown  forage  crops.  Find 
out  why  this  hard  glazed,  acid- 
proof  tile  silo  is  topping  all 
Craine  sales  records. 

SEND  POSTAL  TODAY  for  illus¬ 
trated  folder,  special  early  order 
savings,  and  easy  terms. 

CRAINE,  Inc. 

212  Pine  St.,  Norwich,  N.  Y. 


CRAINE  SILOS 


Buy  a  Harder  Silo 

Fit  yourself  into  expanded 
farm  program.  Increase 
your  production  —  lower 
costs.  Order  before  scarcity 
of  materials  restricts  silo 
building.  “Early-order” 
discounts.  Write  now. 

HARDER  SILO  COMPANY,  Inc. 

36  Grand  St.,  Cobleskill,  N.  Y. 


Quickly  Attached 


I 


OTTAWA 

TRACTOR 

'  DRAG 
SAW 


Falls  Tree, Cuts  Log 

Uses  Power  Take-off 
any  tractor.  Direct  drive. 

Long  stroke.  Saws  fast. 

•Sasy  on  fuel.  Hundreds  of  satisfied 

users.  Big  labor  saver.  Low  Price.  _ 

OTTAWA  MFG.CO.,  431  Forest  Ave.,Ottawa,Kans. 


Write  for  FREE 
Book  and  Prices 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


Connecticut  Plans  a 

\ 

Herd  Health  Program 

By  A.  R.  MERRILL, 

Extension  Dairyman,  Storrs,  Conn. 

HERD  HEALTH  always  plays  an 
important  part  in  milk  marketing. 
More  milk  is  needed  to  meet  our  nu¬ 
tritional  needs  and  to  supply  dairy 
products  for  shipment  abroad.  This 
milk  must  be  safe  for  consumption. 
Health  authorities  for  the  most  part, 
are  reasonable  in  their  sanitary  regu¬ 
lations.  These  regulations  are  usually 
thought  of  as  a  means  of  protection 
for  the  consuming  public.  This  is  not 
the  whole  story.  Practically  all  of  the 
regulations  deal  with  sanitary  prac¬ 
tices.  These  practices  if  followed  will 
prove  as  valuable  for  the  producer  as 
for  the  consumer.  Farmers  want  to 
sell  all  the  milk  possible.  Dealers  are 
always  looking  for  ways  of  increasing 
their  sales.  Consumers  need  to  use 
more  milk  for  good  nutrition.  “Milk 
from  healthy  herds”  should  be  featured 
in  a  selling  program.  Develop  l)ei'ds 
free  from  disease.  Produce  clean  milk. 
Advertise  its  food  value,  and.  produce 
it  economically.  This  is  the  answer  to 
the  call  for  Production  for  Defense. 

Long  Life  Pays 

The  life  of  our  dairy  cows  is  entirely 
too  short.  Few  cows  stay  in  the  herd 
over  five  years.  Many  stay  only  for 
two  or  three  years.  The  average  turn¬ 
over  in  herds  where  replacements  are 
purchased  is  once  every  2.6  years.  This 
means  that  most  cows  are  discarded 
at  the  time  when  they  should  be  pro¬ 
ducing  most  efficiently.  A  year  added 
to  the  life  of  a  cow  would  add  enormous 
.  savings  to  our  dairy  incomes. 

Selection  of  brood  cows  should  be 
based  upon  long  life  as  well  as  high 
milk  and  butterfat  yield.  Some  cow 
families  not  only  produce  better  than 
others  but  we  know  that  they  repro¬ 
duce  better  and  live  longer.  Herd 
health  and  reproduction  records  will 
furnish  a  sound  basis  on  which  to  de¬ 
velop  a  breeding  program. 

A  dairyman  to  be  successful  in  de¬ 
veloping  a  sound  herd  health  program 
must  understand  the  reasons  for  hav¬ 
ing  a  herd  that  is  free  from  disease. 
Most  dairymen  do  not  think  about 
means  for  preventing  diseases  but 
rather  methods  of  curing  sickness  or 
disease  after  it  is  once  established  in 
the  herd.  When  the  herd  owner  comes 
to  a  realization  that  an  ounce  of  pre¬ 
vention  is  better  than  a  pound  of  cure 
he  will  have  taken  the  first  step  toward 
the  goal  of  herd  health. 

Disease  Losses  Heavy 
In  order  that  a  certain  method  of 
procedure  be  established  in  the  develop¬ 
ing  of  a  health  program,  it  is  impor¬ 
tant"  that  dairymen  realize  the  losses 
caused  by  disease.  In  the  August  is¬ 
sue  of  the  Connecticut  Dairy  Herd  Im¬ 
provement  Association  news  letter,  Mr. 
A.  I.  Mann,  who  is  in  charge  of  this 
work,  reports  on  the  number  of  cows 
removed  from  association  herds  during 
the  testing  yea^’  1940.  Sixteen  testers 
reported  that  there  were  a  total  of 
2,124  cows  removed  from  the  herds 
during  this  period.  81.6  per  cent  were 
culled  because  of  disease,  low  produc¬ 
tion,  etc.  18.4  per  cent  were  sold  for 
dairy  purposes.  Of  the  81.6  per  cent 
removed,  47.0  per  cent  went  out  be¬ 
cause  of  udder  trouble,  sterility,  abor¬ 
tion,  tuberculosis,  old  age,  death  or 
from  various  accidents.  30.4  per  cent 
were  sold  because  of  low  production 
and  4.2  per  cent  for  unknown  reasons. 
There  is  no  question  but  what  many 
of  these  animals  could  have  been  re¬ 
tained  in  the  herds  if  more  attention 
had  been  given  to  sanitation,  feeding, 
housing  and  management. 

The  removal  of  so  many  animals 
from  our  dairy  herds  represents  heavy 
economic  losses.  Such  losses  cost  our 
( Continued  on  Page  19) 


DE  LAVAL  MAGNETIC 
SPEmW/Sf  MILKERS 

ate  now  equipped  with 


COMFORT  TOP 

The  soft,  comfort¬ 
able,  ready -formed 
mouth  of  the  new 
De  Laval  Speedway 
Comfort  Teat -Cup 
liner  is  easily  and 
quickly  slipped  over 
the  teat-cup  shell  — 
no  metal  touches  cow. 


The  NEW 


SANI-CAP 

BOTTOM 

The  Sani-Cap  Milk 
Tube  is  a  combina¬ 
tion  milk  tube  and 
teat-cup  bottom  which 
snaps  over  bottom  of 
shell.  It  is  easy  to 
attach  and  remove  and 
makes  cleaning  easier 
at  this  vital  point. 


COMFORT  TEAT  CUPS 


T7WTTH  these  new  Teat-Cups  users 
»  *  of  Magnetic  Speedway  Milkers 
get  the  perfect  and  comfortable  milk¬ 
ing  action  for  which  De  Laval  Milkers 
have  long  been  famous,  plus  new  ease 
of  assembly  and  disassembly  .  .  . 
these  are  the  important  and  extremely 
desirable  features  of  the  new  De  Laval 
Speedway  Comfort  Teat-Cup. 

De  Laval  Speedway  Comfort  Teat- 
Cups  fit  all  sizes  of  teats  properly  .  .  . 
support  the  sides  of  the  teat  and  apply 
vacuum  to  point  of  teat  only  .  .  .  pro- 

THE  DE  LAVAL 


vide  complete  vacuum  shutoff  with 
each  pulsation  .  .  .  are  easily  and 
quickly  assembled  and  disassembled 
.  .  .  are  of  the  most  advanced  sani¬ 
tary  design  and  easy  to  clean. 

In  addition,  all  rubber  parts  are 
made  in  De  Laval’s  own  rubber  fac¬ 
tory  .  .  .  from  De  Laval’s  own  formu¬ 
lated  “Delatex”  rubber  —  longer  last¬ 
ing,  more  sanitary  and  compounded 
especially  for  De  Laval  Milkers. 

See  your  local  De  Laval  Dealer  to¬ 
day  about  a  De  Laval  Milker. 

Sterling  milker 


The  De  Laval  Sterling  Milker  is  a 
worthy  companion  to  the  great  De  Laval 
Magnetic  Speedway  Milker  and  is  a  great 
milker  particularly  for  smaller  herd  owners 
to  whom  lower  price  is  an  important  con¬ 
sideration.  The  wonderful  Sterling  Pulsa- 
tor  has  only  two  moving  parts,  gives  posi¬ 
tive,  precise  milking  speed  and  action  that 
pleases  the  cow.  De  Laval  Sterling  single  The  wonderful  Sterling 
or  double  units  may  also  be  used  on  any  Pulsator — only  2  mov- 
other  make  of  single  pipe  line  installation.  ing  parts  no  OI  ,ng‘ 


De  Laval  Separators 

D  e  Laval 
World’s  Stand¬ 
ard  and  Junior 
Series  Separators 
best  meet  every 
need  and  purse. 
High  or  low 
stands;  electric 
motor  drives  fur¬ 
nished  for  all  ex¬ 
cept  No.  1  size. 


THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO.,  Dept.  1-49 

New  York,  165  Broadway 
Chicago, 427  Randolph  St. 

San  Francisco,  61  Beale  St. 

Please  send  me,  without  (  Milker 
obligation,  full  infor-  •<  Separator  □ 
mation  on  (  Check  which 

Name  . 

Town  . . . 

State ........  R»  F.  D« ....  .No.  Cows . .. 


FR ££  TRIAL  — FASY  MONTHLY  PAYMFNTS 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw  it  in 
AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


For  Durability  and 


SPECIFY 


l£j£ov 


Lime  Sower:  Mostly  of  steel,  with  all  parts 
protected  against  wear.  Ratchet  mechanism 
relieves  strain  on  axle.  Disc  Harrow:  Heavy 
bearings  designed  for  long  wear.  Strong  frame 
and  good  weight  for  proper  cut.  Flexibility 
of  frame  allows  shorter  turns.  Spring-Tooth 
Lever  Harrow:  Each  section  heavy  angle  steel, 
reinforced  by  extra  heavy  steel  shoes.  Built 
to  give  good  clearance.  For  complete  line  of 
farm  implements  write  for  new  catalogue. 

Lfc  ROY  PLOW  CO.,  Le  Roy,  New  York 


Le  Roy  Lime  Sower 
4  sizes:  6-12  bushel  capacity. 


Ease  in  Handling 


Le  Roy  Automatic 
Tractor  Disc  Harrow. 


Le  Roy  Regular 
Spring-Tooth  Lever  Harrow. 


SERVING  THE  FARMER  FOR  OVER  60  YEARS 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


The  operating 


efficiency  of  machines  conserves  man 
power.  Durability  conserves  materials' 
Select  needed  farm  equipment  with  both 
in  view.  Remember  the  NEW  IDEA  rep¬ 
utation  for  highest  quality  construction. 
Inspect  the  latest  NEW  IDEA  models 
and  you  will  be  convinced  that  the 
superb  performance  of  these  modem 
spreaders  saves  time  and  labor,  while 
assuring  maximum  freedom  from  break¬ 
downs  and  repairs  as  well.  Two  sizes 
each  in  four-wheel  and  two-wheel  mod¬ 
els.  See  your  dealer  or  write  for  circulars. 


For  small  or 
Tractors 


New  Idea,  inc. 

Dept.  772  Coldwater,  O. 

Factories: 

COLDWATER,  OHIO  -  SANDWICH,  ILLINOIS 


Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


*7/te  2.4&eAii&n  Rox, 

-  -  -  -  ---- 


Inoculate  Legumes 

Is  the  use  of  culture  in  inoculating  le¬ 
gumes  profitable?  How  can  a  farmer 
tell  whether  or  not  these  inoculants  are 
really  effective? 

Even  where  a  particular  type  of  le¬ 
gume  has  been  grown,  so  there  is  some 
nodule-forming  bacteria  in  the  soil, 
tests  have  shown  that  it  is  profitable  to 
inoculate  legume  seed.  It  doesn’t  cost 
much,  and  the  returns  are  good. 

New  York,  and  most  other  states, 
have  laws  under  which  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  has  supervision  of  le¬ 
gume  inoculants.  These  are  tested, 
usually  at  the  State  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tion.  As  a  result,  those  on  the  market 
are  uniformly  good;  and  if  you  buy 
from  a  reliable  source,  you  will  get  a 
good  product. 

Inoculation,  of  course,  is  more  neces¬ 
sary  where  you  are  growing  a  legume 
which  is  new  to  the  farm  and  which 
does  not  belong  in  the  group  which 
has  been  grown.  For  example,  with 
alfalfa  and  sweet  clover,  you  use  the 
same  inoculant.  Peas  use  another 
type,  while  still  another  inoculant  is 
needed  for  soybeans. 

— a.  a. — 

Late  Alfalfa  Seeding 

How  late  can  alfalfa  be  sowed  without 
a  nurse  crop?  Should  alfalfa  seeded  this 
spring  be  cut  next  fall? 

In  most  of  the  northeastern  states, 
July  15  is  about  the  deadline.  The 
earlier  it  is  seeded,  the  better,  so  long 
as  weeds  can  be  controlled. 

If  you  get  enough  growth  so  that 


you  figure  it  will  give  a  ton  to  the  acre 
by  September  10,  it  can  be  cut.  Other¬ 
wise,  you  had  better  leave  it,  except 
if  the  weeds  are  bad,  in  which  case 
they  can  be  clipped  about  4"  above  the 
ground.  It  is  very  important  to  have 
the  crop  go  into  the  winter  with  a  good 
growth,  and  if  you  cut  it  too  late,  you 
will  certainly  damage  the  stand. 

—A.  A. — 

Grass  Seed  Supply 

What  is  the  situation  on  the  grass  seed 
supply?  Is  there  plenty  to  go  around,  or 
is  grass  seed  likely  to  be  high  and 
scarce? 

Clover  and  timothy  seed  crops  are  a 
little  lower  than  last  year,  but  not  far 
from  normal.  The  supply  of  some  of 
the  hardy  alfalfa,  such  as  Grimm,  is  a 
little  short,  but  common  alfalfa  grown 
in  the  Northwest  can  be  used  with 
confidence.  Red  .clover,  Mammoth 
clover,  and  alsike  have  been  selling  for 
a  little  below  the  average  for  the  past 
five  years,  but  the  cost  of  timothy  and 
alfalfa  seed  is  likely  to  be  up  from 
10  to  25%. 

Three  hundred  carloads  of  grass 
seeds  have  been  shipped  to  Britain  un¬ 
der  the  Lend-Lease  Program,  and  there 
is  a  possibility  that  more  may  be  sent 
there.  This  is  a  good  year  to  order 
seed  early,  to  be  sure  that  you  get 
what  you  want. 

— a.  a. — 

Fertilizing  Meadows 

What  commercial  fertilizer  would  you 
recommend  to  broadcast  this  spring  on 
an  old  meadow? 


PREPARE  FOR  FREEZING  WEATHER  AHEAD! 


UTICA  Boilers  and 
Radiators  are  efficient 
and  economical. 


There  are  plenty  of  cold,  hard  winter  storms 
ahead.  Protect  your  home  and  provide  for  the 
warmth  and  comfort  of  your  family  this  winter 
and  for  many  years  to  come  by  installing  a  new, 
modern  UTICA  HEATING  SYSTEM. 

Utica  Still  Offers 
EASY  PAYMENT  TERMS 

UTICA  still  offers  easy  payment  terms  with 
moderate  down  payments  and  18  months  to  pay. 
Your  local  UTICA  dealer,  who  is  best  qualified 
to  serve  you,  will  be  glad  to  give  you  a  free  es¬ 
timate  on  a  new  UTICA  HEATING  SYSTEM. 

UTICA  RADIATOR 

CORPORATION 
UTICA,  N.Y. 


MAIL  COUPON  FOR 

Free 

HEATING  ESTIMATE 


L 


UTICA  RADIATOR  CORP.,  Dept.  A-3,  Utica,  N.  Y. 

Please  have  your  nearest  Utica  dealer  inspect  my  heating 
plant  and  estimate  on  the  cost  of  repairs  or  replacement. 
It  is  understood  that  this  places  me  under  no  obligation. 

Name . . . 

Address . 

City . State . . 

(Please  Print  or  Write  Plainly) 


Most  convenient  time . . .'.at 

(Day  or  Days) 


A.M. 

P.M. 


On  meadows  where  there  is  little 
clover,  nitrogen  is  the  most  important 
thing  to  add,  but  phosphorus  and  pot¬ 
ash  are  usually  needed,  too.  One 
recommendation  is  to  apply  from  600 
to  800  lbs.  per  acre  of  a  fertilizer  such 
as  an  8-6-6  or  a  10-6-4.  If  the  field 
is  mostly  alfalfa  or  clover,  nitrogen  is 
not  so  important.  Sometimes  in  this 
situation,  a  0-10-10  is  recommended  at 
the  rate  of  600  to  800  lbs.  per  acre. 

— a.  a. — 

Lime  for  Alfalfa 

When  a  field  to  be  planted  for  alfalfa 
is  badly  deficient  in  lime,  should  the  lime 
be  plowed  under  or  spread  on  after  the 
field  has  been  plowed? 

A  combination  of  the  two  methods  is 
better.  If  the  field  needs  more  than 
iy2  tons  to  the  acre,  you  can  plow  un¬ 
der  half  of  it  and  add  the  other  half  to 
the  field  after  it  is  plowed  and  harrow 
it  in.  Incidentally,  it  is  best  to  add 
your  lime  at  least  six  months  ahead 
of  seeding  time. 

— a.  a. — 

Feed  at  Freshening 

AVhat  is  a  good  program  for  feeding 
a  cow  at  freshening  time? 

The  principal  things  most  dairymen 
worry  about  at  calving  time  are  con¬ 
gested  udders,  retained  afterbirths,  and 
milk  fever.  A  week  or  ten  days  be¬ 
fore  calving  time,  reduce  silage  or  stop 
it  entirely.  Do  not  feed  more  than  2 
to  4  lbs.  of  grain  daily.  Brafi"  alone  or 
a  mixture  of  bran,  oats  and  oil  meal 
is  good. 

After  a  cow  calves,  it  will  take  some 
time  to  get  her  back  on  full  feed.  If 
the  condition  of  the  udder  stays  good, 
the  amount  of  grain  can  be  increased 
at  a  rate  of  from  %  to  y2  lb.  a  day. 
At  this  time,  a  mixture  of  bran,  oats 
and  oil  meal  is  good,  and  the  cow’s 
ration  can  gradually  be  changed  over 
to  the  regular  milking  ration.  Don’t 
milk  the  udder  clean  for  72  hours  as 
an  insurance  against  milk  fever. 


For  better  crops,  bigger 
yields  try  GROWMORE 
Selected  and  Adapted  Seeds — 
famous  for  QUALITY  since 
1895.  We  offer  only  the  best, 
hardy,  Northern  grown  alfalfas, 
clovers,  oats,  corn,  barley,  pas¬ 
ture  mixtures,  special  grasses, 
etc.  —  approved,  recommended 
varieties-^all  tested,  tried  and 
true  to  name.  Write  for  name 
of  nearest  GROWMORE  repre¬ 
sentative. 

GARDNER  SEED  CO.,  Inc. 
39  Spencer  St.,  Rochester,  N.Y. 


FINEST 

SEEDS 

FOR  47  YRS. 


The  Choice  of  Progressive  Farmers 


KiLLV'S^gti^ 


r  GRAPES 

^  BERRIES 
FRUIT  TREES 


Victory  Gardens  deserve  the  best  stock 
you  can  buy.  Insure  early  bearing, 
fine  fruit,  and  sturdy  growth  by  plant¬ 
ing  Kelly’s  “Full  of  Vigor”  Apples, 
Pears,  Plums,  Peaches,  Cherries, 
Grapes,  Berries.  Also  Dwarf  Apples 
and  Pears. 

Get  new  Kelly  Catalog  describ-  Gp— -- 
ing  dozens  of  varieties.  Your  Isoo* 
money  cheerfully  refunded  if  Jo ?  * i 

our  stock  does  not  satisfy. 

SEND  FOR  FREE^> 

►Kelly  Bros.  Nurseries,  218  Maple  St.,  Dansvtile,  N.Ya 


Home  Beautification 

Though  the  planting  of 

Evergreens,  Flowering  Shrubs,  Roses 
Grow  More  Fruit 

Reduce  the  cost  of  living.  Apples,  Pears,  Peaches, 
Grapes,  Berries,  etc.  Send  for  Descriptive  Catalog. 
Dependable  Nursery  Stock  at  very  reasonable  prices. 
The  leading  up-to-date  trustworthy  varieties. 

THE  WILSON  NURSERIES 

Thomas  Marh£  &  Son 
WILSON  NEW  YORK 

Located  in  the  Center  of  the  Famous  Fruit  Belt 
of  Niagara  County  for  the  past  Thirty  Years. 


PLANT  A  VICTORY  GARDEN 

Vegetables  will  be  high  and  perhaps  not 
too  plentiful  this  year.  Save  nearly  50% 
on  Cornell  "Better  Living”  Farm  Garden 
Collection.  Mail  a  postal  today  for  our 
illustrated,  descriptive  vegetable,  field  and 
flower  seed  catalog. 

ROBSON  SEED  FARMS. 

Box  38,  Hall.  N.  Y. 


EARLIEST  TOMATOES 

JUNG’S  WAYAHEAD  BEATS  THEM  ALL! 

Has  big  red  fruit  ripening  as  early  as  July 
4th.  Regular  price,  15c  per  packet,  but  to 
introduce  Jung’s  Quality  Seeds  we  will 
send  a  trial  packet  of  this  Tomato,  also 
Cream  Lettuce,  Earliest  Radishes,  graceful 
garden  Pinks  and  Giant  Zinnias,  .  .  ;  ; 
pppe  all  for  10c;  in  Canada,  20c. 
rnCC  Our  beautiful  colored  catalog  of 
bargains  In  Seeds,  Plants,  Shrubs,  Hybrid 
Corn  and  Certified  Seed  Grain.  Coupon 
for  Rare  Premiums  in  each  catalog. 

J.  W.  Jung  Seed  Co.,  Sta.16,  Randolph,  Wis?' 


- FREE - 

1942  CATALOG 

describing  all  kinds  of  vegetable  plants. 
Tells  how  to  plant,  spray  and  care  for 
the  garden.  Write  for  your  copy  today. 

P.  D.  FULWOOD,  Dept.  118,  Tifton,  Ga. 


STRAWBERRIES 

PAYALLEN’S  BERRY  book 

*  ®  describes  best  early  me¬ 

dium,  late  and  everbearing  varie¬ 
ties.  Tells  how  to  grow  big  lus¬ 
cious  berries  for  home  and  mar¬ 
ket.  Copy  Free.  Write  Today, 

W.  F.  ALLEN  COMPANY 
17  Evergreen  Ave.,  Salisbury,  Md. 


Write  for  prices  on  SCHROER’S  BETTER  VEGE¬ 
TABLE  PLANTS.  Cabbage,  onion,  Broccoli,  Tomato, 
hot  and  sweet  pepper,  eggplants  and  sweet  potato. 
SCHROER  PLANT  FARMS,  VALDOSTA,  GEORGIA. 


EVERGREEN  SEEDLINGS  for  Christmas  trees  and 
home  spring  planting.  Hardy,  Certified.  Order  early. 
SUNCREST  EVERGREEN  NURSERIES,  Johnstown,  Pa. 


LEGUME  AND  GRASS  SEEDS 


Grimm,  Cossack  &  Ladak  Alfalfa;  Sweet,  Red  &  Alsike 
Clovers;  Timothy,  Bromus,  Crested  Wheat,  other  grasses. 
GRIMM  ALFALFA  ASSOCIATION,  FARGO,  N.  D. 
500  cooperating  growers. 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


17  (123) 


Don’t  Throw  Away  Hall 
Your  Grass  Seed 

By  R.  B.  CHILD. 


CHARLES  Vedder,  Fonda,  N.  Y.,  sows 
just  half  the  grass  and  legume 
seed  per  acre  he  used  to — and  he  still 
gets  excellent  seedings. 

Previous  to  1939  his  usual  seeding 
was  20  pounds  clear  alfalfa  per  acre. 
Starting  in  1939,  he  mixed  8  pounds 
alfalfa  with  2  pounds  timothy  and  has 
been  sowing  at  that  rate  ever  since. 
(Under  less  favorable  soil  conditions, 
it  might  be  well  to  increase  the  tim¬ 
othy  up  to  6  pounds  per  acre.) 

There’s  a  catch  to  this  story.  When 
Mr.  Vedder  cut  down  his  rate  of  seed¬ 
ing,  he  slipped  6-inch  extension  tubes 
over  each  of  the  short  grass  seed  tubes 
of  his  drill,  and  tied  them  back  so  that 
now  the  seed  falls  behind  the  discs  in¬ 
stead  of  in  front.  He  hooks  a  double 
gang  cultipacker  behind  his  old  eleven- 
row  drill,  and  pulls  the  whole  outfit 
with  a  small  tractor.  With  this  sys¬ 
tem,  he  gets  the  seed  covered  shallow 
- — at  least  not  as  deep  as  most  of  it  was 
when  it  fell  in  front  of  the  discs. 

Alfalfa,  clover,  and  most  grass  seeds 
covered  with  3  inches  of  soil  never  see 
daylight.  With  2  inches  coverage,  you 
can  expect  less  than  a  5  per  cent  stand; 
with  y2  inch  coverage,  about  a  75  per 
cent  stand.  Field  tests  prove  this  to 
be  the  case  on  heavy  silt  loams,  loams, 
and  even  fine  sandy  loams. 

We  have  a  serious  shortage  of  le¬ 
gume  and  grass  seeds  because  of  an 
unfavorable  growing  season  during 
1941  in  seed-producing  areas.  On  top 
of  that,  300  cars  of  alfalfa,  red  and  al- 
sike  clover,  timothy,  orchard  grass, 
and  Kentucky  blue  grass  have  been 
shipped  to  England. 

Have  you  been  throwing  away  half 
your  grass  seed? 

Sow  it  on  top  of  the  ground  behind 
the  hoes  or  discs  and  cover  it  lightly. 
A  cultipacker  will  do  an  excellent  job. 
A  roller,  light  board  drag,  weeder, 
spike  tooth  harrow  with  teeth  slanted 
toward  the  rear,  or  short  chains  and 
rings  behind  each  fertilizer  tube  will 
serve  the  purpose. 


—  A.  A. — 


Potato  Varieties  in  Maine 

The  experience  of  Maine  potato 
growers  with  potato  varieties  is  inter¬ 
esting.  In  spite  of  the  fact  that 
GREEN  MOUNTAINS  are  susceptible 
to  disease,  there  are  more  acres  of 
them  grown  in  Aroostook  County  than 
of  any  other  variety.  The1  popularity 
of  KATAHDINS  is  increasing  in  Maine. 
They  are  accepted  by  the  market,  they 
do  not  show  net  necrosis,  and  are  not 
overly  susceptible  to  disease.  Maine 
farmers  report  that  they  are  not  100% 
satisfied  with  the  variety,  but  that  it 
seems  the  safest  all-around  variety 
yet  introduced. 

Most  market  men  agree  that  the 
quality  of  CHIPPEWAS  is  not  “tops.”, 
However,  it  is  a  good  yielder,  and 
seems  to  be  growing  in  popularity. 

ERLAINE  yields  well,  but  has  a 
number  of  undesirable  characteristics. 

HOUMA  is  getting  a  lot  of  interest. 
Some  growers  report  it  an  the  best  of 
the  newer  varieties. 

SEBAGO  is  resistant  to  late  blight, 
but  is  susceptible  to  leaf  roll  and  ma¬ 
tures  late. 

Maine  growers  consider  COBBLERS 
the  best  early  potatoes. 

WARBA  is  reported  as  giving  low 
yields.  It  has  deep  eyes,  and  is  sus¬ 
ceptible  to  late  blight. 


Allis-Chalmers  Mfg.  Co.,  Dept.  34,  Tractor  Division,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
Gentlemen:  I  want  the  whole  story.  Send  free  books  checked. 

I  farm  . . acres  in . .  - . -.-County. 

□  Model  40  All-Crop  Harvester  p  2-Row  C  Tractor  □  Crawler  Tractor 

□  Model  60  All-Crop  Harvester.  O  2-Plow  WC  Tractor  □  Power  Mower 

□  1-Piow  B  Tractor  □  Implement!  □  Power  Units 


PtEASE  PRINT 


HARNESS  TOUR 


AMERICAN  farmers  have 
a  surprise  strategy  of  their 
own  —  three  ’'secret  weap¬ 
ons”  that  are  turning  the 
tide  for  Freedom.  They 
are  simply  air,  water  and 
soil  .  .  .  linked  together  in 
a  new  way  to  produce  the  mightiest  flow  of  food  the  world  has  ever  seen. 

New  crops  are  harnessing  these  three  great  farm  resources  .  .  . 
crops  grown  on  thousands  of  farms  for  the  first  time  because  a  way  of 
harvesting  has  at  last  been  provided  by  the  ALL-CROP  HARVESTER. 
Legumes  that  reach  into  the  sky  and  extract  tons  of  soil-enriching 
nitrogen  .  .  .  sponge-rooted  grasses  that  drink  up  rain  .  .  .  sorghums 
that  dig  in  and  hang  on  when  the  hot  winds  blow  .  .  .  feed  crops  and 
seed  crops  .  .  .  protein-rich  soybeans  and  rust-resisting  small  grains 
...  102  crops  all  told  are  in  the  wonderland  of  crop  rotation  opened 
to  you  by  the  ALL-CROP  HARVESTER. 

We  have  come  a  long  way  since  the  one-crop,  wheat  system  of 
1918,  when  Air,  Water  and  Soil  clashed  with  one  another  in  an  orgy 
of  gully  erosion,  drouths  and  dust  storms.  Today  the  All-Crop  system 
harnesses  the  BIG  THREE  as  a  team  ...  building  strength,  security 
and  abundance  for  the  future. 


CES 


ALLIS-CHALMERS 

■  |I:»14M:R.1HHMM,'IH,HI1IH»«M 


ALL-CROP  HARVESTER 


KEEP  'EM  ROLLING! 

The  smartest  thing  you  could  do  is  check 
over  all  equipment  immediately  for  suspi¬ 
ciously  worn  parts  and  order  spare  parts 
to  have  on  hand.  Kept  oiled,  painted,  pro¬ 
tected  from  the  weather,  canvas  loosened 
or  removed  when  idle  ...  an  All-Crop 
Harvester  will  last  a  long  time.  That 
goes  for  all  machinery—  it  {nay  have  to 
last  a  long  time. 


When  Writing  Advertisers  Be  Sure  to  Mention  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


DIBBLE'S 


Tested  Seed  Oats 

Our  Seed  Oats  matured  early  and  in  ex¬ 
cellent  shape  without  damage  from  hot 
dry  weather.  While  total  crop  was 
about  75,000,000  bushels  less  than  1940, 
we  have  good  supplies  of  varieties 
adapted  to  Northeastern  conditions. 
We  offer  quick  delivery,  at  right  prices. 

Reserve  Yours  now.  Lenroc,  Cornellian 
or  this  heaviest,  most  productive 


American  Oat 


the 


DIBBLE  HEAVYWEIGHT 

Average  weight  40-42  lbs.  per  bushel 

Thoroughly  Cleaned  -  Screened  -  Graded 

Our  free  catalog  tells  all  about  this 
astounding  Oat,  also  about 

Barley,  Corn,  Alfalfa,  Clover 

Grass  Seeds  and  Seed  Potatoes 

Free  Catalog  and  Price  List.  Write 

EDWARD  F.  DIBBLE  SEEDGR0WER 

Box  C,  Honeoye  Falls,  N.  Y. 


More  to  Enjoy .  Less  to  Pay 


1.  The  Atmosphere,  Comforts,  and 
Delightful  Activities  Invite  Longer  Stays. 

2.  A  Really  Moderate  Scale  of  Rates 
Makes  Longer  Stays  Possible. 

Wire  or  write  for  full  information  concerning  this 
thoroughly  modern,  perfectly  delightful  resort 
hotel.  One  of  the  finest  on  Florida’s  West  Coast. 
Excellent  fishing,  golf,  bathing,  every  pleasueo. 
Social  hostess.  Ideal  for  the  long  stayer. 


A  Collier  Florida  Hotel 
GEORGE  H.  MASON,  President 
HAROLD  H.  WALKER,  Manager 


(124)  IS 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


HOLSTEIN 


Buy  Them  Young  and  Save  Money 

Your  next  Herd  Sire  from  one  of  pur  Outstanding 
Show  Bulls.  Bred  for  production  too. 

Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  th,eubTr'»t  "  yms' 
DAIRY  COWS  HOLSTElNSEand  GUERNSE 

Fresh  and  nearby.  Blood-tested. 

Frank  W.  Arnold,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 
FOR  SALE:  At  Farmer’s  Prices, 

sons  of  excellent  type  from  our  4%  “Invincible"  daugh¬ 
ters  sired  by  Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

Orchard  Hill  Stock  Farm,  FMort  piain!°NkV. 
FOR  SALE:  Holstein  Bull  Calves, 

sons  of  Commodore  Constance,  Dam  K.O.I.  Pauline 
made  1019  lbs.  fat,  28079  lbs.  milk;  was  N.  Y.  State 
Champion.  Out  of  high  producing,  excellent  type  dams 
backed  by  4%  test  dams.  At  farmers’  prices.  PAUL 
STERUSKY,  Sunnyhill  Dairy  Farm,  Little  Falls,  N.  Y. 


GUERNSEY 


TARBELL  FARMS  GUERNSEYS 

Federal  Accredited  —  360  HEAD  —  Negative 
YOUNG  BULLS  FOR  SALE.  CLOSELY  RELATED  TO 
Tarbell  Farms  Peerless  Margo  613193,  18501.4  lbs.  Milk, 
1013.3  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  3  Yr.  Old. 
Tarbell  Farms  Royal  Lenda  467961,  20508.9  lbs.  Milk, 
1109.0  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  4  Yr.  Old. 

TARBELL  FARMS 

Smithville  Flats,  New  York 


LAKE  DELAWARE  FARMS 

DELHI,  N.  Y„  OFFERS  FOR  SALE 

REGISTERED  GUERNSEY  BULLS 

Ready  for  Light  Service.  Price  from  $100.00  up. 
Also  a  few  Heifers,  all  ages.  Apply  at  once. 


ABERDEEN-ANGUS 
HEREFORD  —  ANGUS 

EVERYTHING  IN  REGISTERED  AND 
COMMERCIAL  BREEDING  STOCK. 

West  Acres  Farms,  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y. 
For  Sale:  A  Few  Angus  Cows, 

BRED  AND  REGISTERED. 

ALSO  YOUNG  BULLS  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES. 

Box  329, 

EVA,  N.  -  Y. 


L.  A.  COLTON,  GEN 


Our  herd  sire  was  Grand  Champion  at  New  York, 
Kansas  and  Missouri  State  Fairs,  and  1st  prize  at  Iowa 
and  Indiana.  Now  offering  bull  calves  and  bred  heifers. 
Also  Registered-Certified  Lenroc  Seed  Oats  and  Seneca 
Soybeans. 

C.  C.  TAYLOR,  Lawtons,  N.  Y. 


SHORTHORNS 


MILKING  SHORTHORNS 

HEAVY  PRODUCTION  ON  HOME  GROWN  FEEDS. 
EASY  KEEPERS. 

MAURICE  WHITNEY 

BERLIN,  N.  Y.  (26  MILES  EAST  OF  TROY,  N.  Y.) 

DUAL  PURPOSE  SHORTHORNS 

TWO  STRONG  YEARLING  BULLS  READY  FOR 
HEAVY  SERVICE  NOW,  AND  SEVERAL  YOUNG 
BULLS  FOR  SPRING  AND  SUMMER  SERVICE. 

Wm.  J.  Brew  &  Sons,  Bergen,  N.  Y. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEI  NS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 

CATTLE:  500  HEAD  100  HORSES 

Fancy  Fresh  and  Forward  Dairy  Cattle. 

PRICED  RIGHT.  FREE  DELIVERY. 

E.  L.  Foote  &  Son,  Inc.,  established  1J45 


_  SWINE _ 

Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 
Present  Day  Quality  Poland-Chinas, 

ANY  AGE,  EITHER  SEX.  FROM  HARDY  HERD. 
WRITE  YOUR  WANTS. 

GREENFIELD  FARMS,  Tiffin,  Ohio 


DOGS 

POULTRY 

SHEPHERDS  —  COLLIES 

TRAINED  CATTLE  DOGS  AND  PUPS. 

HEEL  DRIVERS  —  BEAUTIES. 

WILMOT,  East  Thetford,  Vt. 

Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS,  ROCK-RED 
CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

HELP  WANTED 

WANTED,  BY  FAMILY  OF  TWO: 

Man  and  Wife  With  Good  References 

man  to  work  on  potato  farm,  wife  in  house.  Man 
must  be  total  abstainer,  preferably  from  45  to  50  years 
old  and  Protestant.  House  has  all  modern  conveniences. 
BOX  514-W,  American  Agriculturist,  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Pullorum  clean,  high  in  quality,  low  in  price. 
Write  for  information. 

Norton  Ingalls,  R.D.  1,  Greenville,  N.  Y. 

WANTED:  A  MAN 

Experienced  in  high  grade  dairy  work, 

to  manage  city  milk  route;  act  as  spare 
driver;  solicit  business;  and  fit  into 
general  dairy  work  on  Connecticut  farm. 

c/o  American  Agriculturist. 

Address  lonn,  Box  5|4i  hhaca,  n.  y. 

LEGHORNS— NEW  HAMPSHIRES 

BARRED  ROCKS  —  CROSSES 
“BRED  TO  LAY  —  LAY  TO  PAY” 

Write  for  descriptive  catalog  and  prices. 

GLEN  WOOD  FARMS,  IThacaD/  n3/  y. 

CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 

FARMS  FOR  SALE 

Keystone  English  Black  Leghorns, 

HEALTHIEST  BREED.  GREAT  LAYERS. 

EGGS  AND  STOCK  FOR  SALE.  CIRCULAR  FREE. 

The  Keystone  Farms,  Richfield,  Pa. 

Farm  130  Acres — 12  Room  House, 

modern  conveniences;  20  head  cow  barn,  hen  house  for 
400,  other  buildings.  Located  on  Chenango  Trail  — 

7  miles  to  city  of  Norwich. 

Box  297,  New  Berlin,  N*  Y. 

WHITEHEAD’S  FOR  REDS 

Rugged  Northern  Bred  Pullorum  Clean  Stock  that 
PAYS  in  Eggs,  then  PAYS  again  in  meat. 
Circular  free.  REDS  —  CROSSES.  Established  1927. 

Roy  S.  Whitehead,  Chateaugay,  N.  Y. 

190-ACRE  MACADAM  ROAD 

Stock,  Crop,  Dairy  and  Sheep  Farm, 

Overlooks  Cayuga  Lake,  106  acres  tillage,  70  seeded  to 
alfalfa,  balance  pasturage  and  woods,  family  fruits;  rated 
highly  locally  for  heavy  yields  canning  factory  crops 
and  grains.  Reconditioned  12-room  house,  electricity, 
steam  heat.  100'  barn,  other  substantial  buildings  to 
accommodate  large  stock.  $10,000.  Investigate  long¬ 
term  purchase  plan. 

Federal  Land  Bank,  Springfield,  Mass. 

The  McGREGOR  FARM  1 

S.  C.  White  LeghornS — 50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 
THE  McGREGOR  FARM,  Box  A,  MAINE,  N.  Y. 

Dandy  Eqpd.  Farm;  Swim  Pool 

On  macadam,  3  min.  to  village.  11  miles  to  city. 
Colonial-type  dwelling  7  rms.,  running  water.  44x4S 
barn;  50a  tillage,  24a  pasture  and  wood,  fine  creek. 
2000-bucket  sugar  grove;  price  $4200.  terms,  including 

10  Ayrshire  cattle,  pigs,  tools  and  feed;  page  33  big 
Free  catalog  1290  bargains  many  States. 

STROUT  REALTY,  Tv. 

Get  the  desired  increased  production  of 

LARGE,  WHITE,  QUALITY  EGGS 
by  purchasing  our  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns,  backed  by  29 
years  of  breeding  for  livability,  production  and  type. 
Always  100%  clean  on  pullorum  test. 

Kutschbach  &  Son,  Sherborne,  N.  Y. 

C.  &  G.  FARM  stpraar.mnentreerds 

TRAPNESTED  AND  PROGENY  TESTED  FOR  YEARS. 
SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 

C.  &  G.  Farm,  Ballston  Lake,  N.  Y. 

FOR  SALE 

Schwegler’s  “THOR-O-BREDS” 

HOLD  II  WORLD  OFFICIAL  RECORDS. 

Stock  from  200-324  egg  Pedigree  Breeders  2  to  5  years 
old  —  Leghorns,  White  Rocks,  Barred  Rocks,  R.  1. 
Reds,  New  Hampshires,  Wyandottes,  Giants,  Orpingtons, 
Minorcas,  Red-Rock  Cross.  Pekin  Ducks — Blood  Test¬ 
ed  Breeders.  Write  for  free  Catalog. 

SCHWEGLER’S  HATCHERY 

208  NORTHAMPTON,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

FOR  SALE:  1  ACRE  LAND  WITH  2'/,  STORY 
BUILDING  THEREON. 

Situated  on  main  thoroughfare  from  Boston  to  Canada. 
Ideal  place  for  gasoline  stand,  etc. 

If  interested  write  for  further  particulars. 

GEORGE  FADDEN,  CAMPTON,  N.  H. 

HAY 

BALED  HAY  AND  STRAW 

ALL  GRADES  MIXED  HAY  AND  ALFALFA. 
DELIVERED  BY  TRUCK  OR  CARLOAD. 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 

BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  U.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
Cist  describing  our  Leghorns  and  Beds. 

ELI  H.  BODINE, 

Box  28,  CHEMUNG,  N.  Y. 

HONEY 

HflNFY'  60  ,bs-  best  c,over  $4.80,  buckwheat 
*  •  $4.20,  mixed  fall  honey,  good  flavor 

$4.20;  28  lb.  clover  (handy  pail)  $2.40;  24  combs 
clover  $3.60.  Above  not  prepaid.  10  lbs.  clover  post¬ 
paid  $1.60.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Remember  that 
honey  is  a  natural,  unprocessed  sweet. 

F.  W.  LESSER,  FAYETTEVILLE.  N.  Y. 

'tpn7  McLoughlin  Leghorns 

Progeny-test  bred.  7-time  New  York 
cW'Wv  R.O.P.  champions  with  average  produc- 

tion  records  of  257.  253,  256,  258,  266, 
cMO  261  and  262  eggs.  U.S.  Pullorum  Clean. 

V*  McLoughlin  Leghorn  Farm,  Chatham  Center.  N.Y. 

SEED  POTATOES 

Certified  Seed  Potatoes 

SMOOTH  RURALS.  RUSSET  RURALS,  KATAHDINS, 
TUBER  UNIT  FOUNDATION  STOCK. 
NON-CERTI  FI  ED  CHIPPEWA,  SEBAGO. 

H.  L.  Hodnett  &  Sons,  Fillmore,  N.  Y. 

Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAMPSHIRES, 

BARRED  ROCKS,  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 

Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  All  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
Folder  and  Prices. 

WILLIAM  S.  MAPES,  MiddleBt°0xWn%.  y. 

HASTINGS  SEED  POTATOES 

GREEN  MOUNTAINS,  CHIPPEWA,  WARBA,  EAR- 
LAINE,  SEBAGO,  SEQUOIA,  BLUE  VICTOR  BUR¬ 
BANKS  AND  OTHERS.  WRITE  FOR  LIST. 

Roy  C.  Hastings,  R.  3,  Malone,  N.  Y. 

ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS,  REDS.  ROCK-RED  CROSS, 

WHITE  ROCKS— “They  Satisfy.” 

Pullorum  free,  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 

Write  for  details. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER,  Box  C,  GALLUPVILLE,  N.  Y. 

SEEDS 

CORNELL  HYBRID  29-3 

West  Branch  Sweepstakes  and  Cornell  II  field  corn, 
Whipple’s  Yellow  Sweet  Corn,  Cayuga  and  Seneca 
Soybeans,  Comedian  Oats,  Grass  Seeds. 

JERRY  A.  SMITH  &  SONS,  LUDLOWVILLE,  N.  Y. 
Tompkins  County.  Phone  Poplar  Ridge  3610. 

NEW  YORK  U.  S.  APPROVED 

NEW  HAMPSHIRES  &  LEGHORNS 

DESCRIPTIVE  CIRCULAR. 

The  Hiscock  Hatchery,  new'york. 

POULTRY 


EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

BREEDING  MALES 

PULLORUM  TESTED  —  NO  REACTORS 

James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  Trumans°burgA' n.  y. 


9400 

LAYERS 


Rich  Poultry  Farms 

Leghorns  Progeny  Tested  Reds 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS. 

Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de¬ 
scribes  our  method  of  growing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 

PARTRIDGE  ROCKS 

NATIONAL  CHAMPIONS. 

Both  Productive  and  Artistic. 

Free  Folder. 

BEAU-SITE  FARM, 

L.  C.  Allen,  Prop.,  Sanford,  Maine. 


Are  You  Looking  for  Profitable  Producers? 

HANSON  STRAIN  WHITE  LEGHORNS 
AND  PARMENTER’S  REDS. 

“FOR  EGGS  AND  MEAT  THAT  CAN’T  BE  BEAT." 

ALL  BREEDERS  BLOOD-TESTED. 

SEND  FOR  FOLDER  AND  PRICE  LISTS  BEFORE 
PLACING  YOUR  ORDER. 

Webster  A.  J.  Kuney,  SEnIvvA  yorkLS' 


Walter  Rich’s 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 


SUSQUEHANNA  FARMS 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  VHAMPSHIRES, 
ROCK-RED  CROSSBREDS,  WHITE  ROCKS, 
CORNO  RED  CROSSBREDS. 

Commercial  and  foundation  stock,  pullets,  males.  All 
stock  bloodtested  with  no  reactors  found;  Pedigreed 
male  matings.  Write  for  circular  and  prices. 

SUSQUEHANNA  FARMS 

Box  A,  MONTROSE,  PA. 

DANISH  POULTRY  FARM 

Family  Tested  Leghorns  —  New  Hampshires. 
Storrs,  Conn.,  Test  1940-1941,  13  Full  sisters 
av.  270  eggs  per  bird.  Harrisburg,  Penna., 
test,  13  Full  sisters  av.  240  eggs  per  bird. 

A.  E.  DANISH, 

Troy,  New  York 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Officially  Pullorum  Passed.  N.  Y.  U.  S.  Approved 

BREEDING  COCKERELS 
Write  for  Folder 


E.  R.  Stone  and  Son 


Box  A. 

CLYDE.  N.  Y. 


quality*  Pedigree  S.C.W.  Leghorns 

B.W.D.  TESTED  PULLETS  AND  BREEDING  STOCK. 
Progeny  Tested  under  supervision  Cornell  University. 

Hartwick  Hatchery,  Inc.,  Hartwick,  N.Y. 


PIGEONS 


White  King  Pigeons — Bargain. 

MUST  SELL  TO  MAKE  ROOM. 
WONDERFUL  STOCK. 

Gebhardt  Farm, 


Muscatine,  Iowa. 


USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT 
INCUBATOR  FOR  SALE 

PETERSIME  ELECTRIC  INCUBATOR,  Model  IID, 
In  perfect  condition:  capacity  11,000  eggs — 9,200  in 
drum,  1,800  In  hatching  compartment. 

Hatches  twice  weekly. 

ELTON  L.  LANE  &  SON,  TRUMANSBURG.  N.  Y. 


POPCORN 


GOLDEN  HULLESS  POP  CORN, 

POPS  PERFECTLY. 

10  POUNDS  FOR  DOLLAR  BY  PARCEL  POST 
PREPAID. 

FRED  B.  SKINNER,  GREENE,  N.  Y. 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

This  classified  page  is  for  the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  fanners  for  advertising  the  following  classifications: 
LIVESTOCK— Cattle,  Swine,  Sheep,  Horses,  Dogs,  Babbits,  Goats,  Mink,  Ferrets;  FARM  PRODUCE— Field 
Seeds,  Hay  and  Straw,  Maple  Syrup,  Honey,  Pop  Oom,  Miscellaneous;  POULTRY— Breeding  Stock,  Hatching  Eggs: 
EMPLOYMENT— Help  Wanted,  Situation  Wanted;  FARM  REAL  ESTATE— Farms  for  Sale.  Farms  Wanted: 
USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT— For  Sale,  Wanted. 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers’  classified  advertising  rates.  Two 
advertising  space  units  are  offered  as  follows:  space  one  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $6.00  per  issue  or 
space  one-half  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.00  per  issue.  Copy  must  be  received  at  American  Agriculturist. 
Advertising  Dept.,  Box  514,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. ,  11  days  before  publication  date.  No  Baby  Chick  advertising  ac¬ 
cepted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows:  Jan.  3.  17.  31:  Feb.  14,  28;  Mar.  14,  28;  April  II,  25; 
May  9,  23;  June  6,  20;  July  4,  18;  Aug.  I,  15,  29;  Sept.  12,  2ft;  Oct.  10,  24;  Nov.  7,  21;  Deo.  5.  19. 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


19  (125) 


HIGHER  Production  with  new  safety,  new 

speed  and  new,  gentler  milking  action. 
That's  what  you'll  get  with  the  Hinman 
Low-Vacuum  Milker.  Leading  dairymen 
praise  it  as  “The  finest  milker  on  the 
market.” 

Only  the  Hinman  will  give  you  all  these 
advantages,  for  the  Hinman  is  designed  to 
milk  best  on  only  10  inches  of  vacuum.  This 
gentler  milking  soothes  the  cows,  keeps  them 
relaxed.  Empties  the  udder  faster — gets 
more  milk,  more  butterfat  than  any  slower 
method.  A  single  unit  milks  up  to  15  cows 
per  hour.  So  simple  a  boy  or  girl  can  do  the 
milking.  WRITE  for  Free  Folder  today. 


HINMAN  MILKING  MACHINE  CO.,  Inc. 

Box  25  Oneida,  N.  Y. 


HINMAN  MILKER 


NEW  StewarJ  PORTABLE 

SHEARING  MACHINE 


Complete,  compact  Stewart  portable  uses  the 
new  V-Belt  Bracket  with  the  cork-lined  cone 
clutch.  Adaptable  to  all  kinds  of  shearing  con¬ 
ditions.  Smooth,  dependable,  trouble-free  oper¬ 
ation.  Air-cooled,  %  H.P.  engine,  easy  to  start 
and  economical  on  gas.  Complete  with  latest 
Stewart  L-B  Handpiece,  2  combs  and  4  cutters, 
two  grinder  discs,  emery  circles,  comb  and  cutter 
holder,  brush  and  cement,  $120.00.  Slight  ly  higher 
west  of  Denver.  Write  for  new  FREE  catalog  of 
Stewart  power  driven  and  hand  operated  clipping 
and  shearing  machines.  Made  and  guaranteed  by 
Chicago  Flexible  Shaft  Co.,  Dept.  2,  5600 
Roosevelt  Rd.,  Chicago,  III.  Over  Half  a  Century 
Making  Quality  Products. 


Dr.  Nay  lor s 

MEDICATED 

A  Teat  Dilators 


Safe  and  Dependable  Treatment 
for  Spider  Teat,  Scab  Teats,  Cut 
and  Bruised  Teats,  Obstructions. 

Dr.  Naylor  Dilalors  furnish  soft,  com¬ 
fortable  protection  to  the  injured 
lining  and  keep  teat  canal  open  in 
its  natural  shape  while  tissues  heal. 

They  have  a  deep,  yielding  sur¬ 
face  of  soft  absorbent  texture  which 
fits  either  large  or  small  teats  with¬ 
out  overstretching  or  tearing  and 
which  carries  the  medication  INTO 
teat  canal  to  seat  of  the  trouble. 

The  Only  Soft  Surface  Dilators 

Medicated — Packed  in 
Antiseptic  Ointment 

te  Pkg . $1.00 

I  Pkg . 50 


Easy  to 
Insert — 
Stay  in 
the  Teat 


H.  W.  Naylor  Co.,  Morris,  N.Y. 

Dr.  Naylor  Products  will  be  mailed  postpaid  if 
your  local  feed  or  drug  store  cannot  supply  you. 


65  REGISTERED  HOLSTEINS 

AT  AUCTION  IN  HEATED  BUILDING  ON 
FAIR  GROUNDS,  LITTLE  VALLEY,  N.  Y., 
Cattaraugus  Co.,  9  miles  from  Salamanca,  30  miles 
from  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 

Wednesday,  February  25,  at  10  A.  M. 

All  fresh  and  close  springers,  a  few  bulls,  some  heifer 
calves.  All  negative  to  blood  test,  majority  eligible  for 
Pennsylvania;  mastitis  tested  and  vaccinated  for  ship¬ 
ping  fover. 

Send  for  catalog  and  plan  to  attend. 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS,  mexiSTiTy. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


LIVESTOCK  and  price  control  are 
two  separate  ideas.  Taken  togeth¬ 
er,  they  just  don’t  make  sense.  That  is 
one  reason  I  look  for  an  eventual 
break-down  (possibly  through  amend¬ 
ments)  in  the  practice  of  this  new 
price  control  bill.  In  the  meantime 
our  markets  are  sluggish,  upset,  and 
not  reflecting  supply  and  demand.  A 
'  good  many  producers,  farmers,  pack¬ 
ers,  feeders,  and  business  people  are 
getting  hurt. 

Livestock  is  particularly  vulnerable 
to  price  fixing  legislation.  No  two  ani¬ 
mals  are  alike  as  to  conformation, 
weight,  value,  or  cost  of  preparing  for 
production  or  meat.  Animal  by-prod¬ 
ucts  vary  in  value  and  amounts  with 
size,  age,  condition,  breeding,  and  even 
with  the  time  of  year.  Then  a  tremend¬ 
ous  amount  of  labor  must  be  employ¬ 
ed  in  the  processing,  reselling  and  dis¬ 
tribution  of  all  these  products,  and  this 
at  greatly  varying  costs  and  profits. 

Livestock  prices,  and  by-products’ 
prices  as  well,  are  all  tied  up  with  par¬ 
ity.  That  doesn’t  mean  a  thing  unless 
we  know  what  parity  is,  how  it  is  fig¬ 
ured,  when  the  figures  are  taken  and 
from  where,  and  who  figures  it.  Par¬ 
ity  can  be  and  is  any  old  set  of  figures 
depending  upon  all  those  things.  I  have 
found  no  one  who  could  really  define 
parity  or  tell  how  it  could  reflect  a 
practical,  usable  price  base,  especially 
when  labor  costs  are  not  taken  into 
consideration. 

With  everything  about  livestock  var¬ 
iable,  with  no  standard  and  no  base 
and  with  an  unknown  parity,  you  can 
see  why  I  believe  this  new  bill  cannot 
be  practically  and  fairly  applied,  with¬ 
out  at  least  quick  and  far  reaching 
amendments.  Perhaps  we  should  be 
more  alarmed  about  the  fact  that  “no 
duty  on  Canadian  livestock  to  the 
United  States”  is  threatened,  and  that 
300,000  to  400,000  lambs  from  South 
America  are  reported  for  import  to  this 
country  this  spring. 

Since  this  sort  of  thing  is  here  and 
since  it  was  done  to  “stop  inflation,” 
we  cannot  simply  say  as  a  packer 
friend  of  mine  did,  “it’s  just  more  Gov¬ 
ernment  Inspected  bologna  to  me.” 
Nor  can  we  say  what  will  happen  after 
the  emergency  when  the  Government 
lets  go  of  these  controls. 

Whether  right  or  wrong  we  can 
keep  in  mind  these  fundamentals: 

1.  We  must  meet  the  greatest  live¬ 
stock  demand  this  country  has  ever 
seen  and  that  it  will  continue  long  after 
the  War  is  over. 

2.  Food  is  a  necessity.  Therefore,  it 
cannot  and  will  not  receive  the  abuse 
that  some  commodities  will. 

3.  We  need  not  be  stampeded  into 
taking  any  price  simply  because  it  has 
been  “pegged”.  We  have  maintained 
our  bargaining  power  to  this  extent  at 
least,  and  this  power  we  must  not  lose. 

4.  Man-made  prices  must  be  made 
subject  to  change  over  night.  This  is 
apparently  being  done  (lard  is  a  re¬ 
cent  example). 

5.  We  will  strengthen  ourselves  and 
Government  and  will  strengthen  Coop¬ 
erative  effort.  This  will  be  vital,  for 
politics  and  politicians  must  be  made 
to  realize  conditions  at  home  and  the 
power  of  home  communities. 

6.  Increased  transportation  costs 
and  delays  from  the  West  to  the  con¬ 
suming  centers  in  our  midst  will  give 
our  northeastern  farmer  an  advantage 
in  the  things  he  sells. 

7.  A  150  to  200  billion  dollar  debt 
cannot  be  paid  even  with  present 


prices.  Of  course,  Washington  knows 
this. 

8.  We  are  not  a  people  that  will  be 
regimented  without  a  cause  or  indefi¬ 
nitely. 

9.  We  will  win  the  War. 

— a.  a. — 

Connecticut  Plans  a  Herd 
Health  Program 

( Continued  from  Page  15) 
dairy  farmers  an  enormous  sum  of 
money  each  year.  The  increased  cost 
of  production  caused  by  these  condi¬ 
tions  not  only  makes  it  difficult  for 
dairymen  to  produce  milk  economically 
but  indirectly  adds  to  the  consumers’ 
expenses. 

Why  Feed  Sick  Cows? 

Herd  management  has  for  the  most 
part,  been  centered  around  breeding  and 
feeding  problems.  In  order  that  good 
results  may  be  obtained  in  the  feeding 
of  our  dairy  animals,  it  is  absolutely 
essential  that  we  have  healthy  ani¬ 
mals  to  feed. 

If  a  sound  health  program  is  to  be 
successful,  it  is  necessary  that  we  real¬ 
ize  that  there  are  many  people  and 
organizations  that  are  associated  with 
the  cattle  industry.  It  is  important 
that  such  a  program  should  have  the 
support  of  all  parties  interested.  There 
should  be  a  close  working  relationship 
between  farmers,  extension  workers, 
veterinarians,  boards  of  health,  and 
Federal  livestock  and  sanitary  officials. 

This  herd  health  program  is  being 
sponsored  throughout  the  United  States 
by  the  Health  Committee  of  the  Am¬ 
erican  Dairy  Science  Association,  and 
these  suggestions  are  to  a  great  extent 
drawn  from  the  report  of  this  com¬ 
mittee  as  submitted  to  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Association  held  in 
Burlington,  Vermont,  in  June,  1941. 

This  committee  recommends  that  in 
carrying  out  and  developing  a  herd 
health  program  five  points  be  em¬ 
phasized,  these  are  feeding,  manage¬ 
ment,  housing,  sanitation  and  disease 
control. 

The  Connecticut  Extension  Service 
through  the  County  Dairy  Committees 
will  emphasize  herd  health  during  the 
next  few  months.  Detailed  informa¬ 
tion  on  each  of  the  five  important 
points  will  be  presented.  County 
meetings,  news  letters,  circulars  and 
bulletins  will  be  used  in  explaining  the 
different  steps  necessary  in  the  de¬ 
velopment  of  this  project. 


i  toentAs 


Cattle  Sales 


Mar.  7 

Mar.  9 

Mar.  27 
Mar.  30 
April  I 
Apr.  20-21 

May  4 

May  II 

May  14 
May  23 

May  25 

May  29 
May  30 
June  I 
June  20 


Jersey  Auction,  John  Ridgley  of  H.,  Tow- 
son,  Maryland. 

Jersey  Auction,  H.  Jewett  Orth,  Jr.,  Fred¬ 
erick.  Md. 

Guernsey  Sale,  Coatesville,  Pa. 

The  Capitol  Holstein  Sale,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
Fox  Brothers  Sale,  Cincinnatus,  N.  Y. 
Bell  Farm  Holstein  Dispersal,  Coraopolis, 
Pa. 

Quail  Roost-Maxim  Guernsey  Sale,  Rouge- 
mont,  N.  C. 

Annual  Eastern  Aberdeen-Angus  Breeders’ 
Sale,  Sales  Pavilion,  Cornell,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
National  Ayrshire  Sale,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
Guernsey  Consignment  Sale,  Fair  Grounds, 
Topsfield,  Mass. 

Kitchener  Farm  Guernsey  Dispersal,  Bil¬ 
lerica,  Mass. 

Eastern  Guernsey  Sale,  Doylestown,  Pa. 
Coventry  Guernsey  Sale,  Trenton,  N.  J. 
Clover  Hill  Guernsey  Sale,  Ira,  N.  Y. 
Annual  Sale  of  New  York  Jersey  Cattle 
Club,  Meridale  Farms,  Meredith,  N.  Y. 


Coming  Events 

Feb.  24  Eastern  States  Farmers’  Exchange  Annual 
Meeting  Masonic  Temple,  Springfield.  Mass. 

Feb.  24  19th  Annual  Meeting  of  Buffalo  Livestock 

Producers  Co-op.  Ass’n.,  Hotel  Statler, 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  10:00  A.  M. 

Feb.  24-25  Annual  New  England  Baby  Chick  &  Egg 

Show,  Town  Hall  Auditorium,  Meriden, 
Conn. 

Feb.  24-26  llth  Annual  Vermont  Chick  &  Egg  Show, 
Knights  of  Columbus  Hall,  Rutland,  Vt. 

Feb.  25-28  Country  Life  Program,  State  Institute  of 
Agriculture,  Farmingdale,  L.  I.,  New  York. 

Feb.  26  Annual  Meeting  of  Maryland  Ayrshire 

Breeders’  Ass’n.,  Baltimore. 

Mar.  26  Annual  Meeting  of  Maine  Jersey  Cattle 

Club.  Orono,  Maine. 

Mar.  26  Annual  Meeting  of  Maine  Holstein-Friesian 
Breeders’  Ass’n.,  Orono. 

May  13  Annual  Meeting  of  Ayrshire  Breeders’  Asso¬ 
ciation,  Harrisburg,  Pa, 


Now,  more  than  ever  before,  you  need 
this  Papec  Hay  Chopper-Silo  Filler.  It 
saves  labor  the  year  ’round.  With  it,  you 
can  handle  ALL  your  roughage  crops  on 
schedule  with  less  help. 


Make  Hay  —  Rain  or  Shine 

No  more  waiting  on  weather  at  haying 
time!  In  good  weather  you  can  chop  cured 
hay  right  into  the  barn  or  stack  with  a  big 
saving  in  time,  labor  and  storage  space. 
Good  weather  or  bad,  you  can  turn  any 
uncured  hay  crop  into  good  silage. 


Papec  All-Crop  Feeder 

The  famous  Papec  finger  feed  roll  is  a 
real  man  saver  in  handling  all  silage  crops, 
and  is  absolutely  essential  for  fast  hay 
chopping  and  for  storing  straw  after  com¬ 
bining  or  direct  from  the  thresher.  Your 
Papec  will  also  shred  fodder  and  elevate 
feed  grains. 

Gei  Valuable  Booklet  Free 

Your  name  on  margin  of  this  ad  or  a 
postal  will  bring  by  return  mail  illustrated 
booklet  full  of  practical  tips  on  making 
and  feeding  hay  crop  silage,  stacking 
chopped  hay,  filling  trench  and  temporary 
silos,  handling  straw.  No  obligation.  Act 
today!  Supply  of  machines  for  1942  is 
limited.  Papec  Machine  Co.,  392  S.Main 


More  in  Use  Than  Any  Other  Make 


TO  MAINTAIN  HEALTHY 
UDDER  AND  TEATS 

. . .  and  the  way  to  do  it  is  to  use  this  clean, 
pleasant  ointment  that  spreads  with  just 
the  right  firmness,  penetrates  and  “stays 
put”  with  antiseptic-on-contact  protec¬ 
tion.  Insist  on  genuine  Bag  Balm;  beware 
of  imitations  with  similar-sounding  names. 


At  feed,  drug  and 
general  stores,  or 
postpaid. 

DAIRY  ASSN.  CO.,  Inc. 
Dept.  12-B 
Lyndonville,  Vt. 


lO  OUNCES  ONLY  60C 


TOBACCO 


GUARANTEED,  best  chewing,  smoking  or  cigarette, 
five  pounds  $1.50,  ten  $2.50.  Pipe  and  box  cigars  frea. 
Pay  Postman.  A.  P.  FORD,  MAYFIELD,  KY. 


(126)  20 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


REMEMBER  PEARL  HARBOR! 


SOVIET  RUSSIA 


MONGOLIA 


MANCHUKUO 


JAPAN 


v  Hons 

Manila^' 


a*  /  a 


^CH  E  AST  ^ 


"  Manila  falls,  Jan.  2, 
after  Japs  invade  Luzon, 
Mindanao;  U.  S.  bombers 
sink  enemy  battleship 

Tl  — 


Woke  falls  Dec. 
24  after  heroic 
stand  by  Marines 


Midway 


Jap  subs  attack 
U.  S.  vessels  close 
to  California  coast 


Remember  Pearl  Harbor" 
is  U.  S.  watchword  after 
initial  Jap  bombing  of 
naval-air  base  at  Hawaii 


PHILIPPINES 


.Guam 


Caroline  *  I  Guam 
Is.  (Jap.)  [V  lost 

'  Dec.  13 


Woke 


Marshall  « 
Is.  (Jap.) 


HAWAIIAN 

ISLANDS 


Japs  drive 
down  Malay 
peninsula  on 
Singapore;  in 
vade  Sumatra 
Borneo;  sink 
two  British 
battleships 


•  ^ 


PACIFIC  OCEAN 


British  south  seas 
islands  reported 
invaded  or  shelled 


ED  allies 

AXIS 


Initial  Japanese  successes  outweighed 
those  of  the  Allies  in  the  first  month  of 
war  in  the  Pacific,  but  heroic  American 
soldiers,  seamen  and  flyers  in  the  Philip¬ 


pines  took  a  big  toll  of  enemy  troops  and 
ships  while  Dutch  bombers  and  sub¬ 
marines  hit  hard  at  Nipponese  warships 
and  transports.  Map  spots  major  actions. 


%  A*ftesUca+t  Aa'Ucultu’Ult  SuhAcstih&iA : 


Unless  you  have  studied  your  geography 
recently,  you  must  find  it  difficult  to  get 
much  out  of  the  radio  reports  on  the  war. 

To  help  you  we  have  arranged  with  George 
F.  Cram  Co.,  publishers  of  colored  maps, 
to  print  for  subscribers  four  maps  28 
inches  x  34  inches.  These  are  hound  to¬ 
gether  with  a  brass  hanging  strip  for  con¬ 
venient  hanging  on  the  wall  near  your 
radio. 

The  map  of  Europe  shows  each  coun¬ 
try  in  a  different  color.  For  careful  study 
there  are  maps  in  much  detail.  Map  of 
the  British  Isles  is  one  of  them.  The  map 


of  North  America  includes  southern  Can¬ 
ada,  Mexico,  and  Central  America. 

THE  MAP  OF  THE  WORLD  showing 
all  countries,  the  North  and  South  Atlantic 
Ocean  and  the  North  and  South  Pacific 
Ocean  is  the  one  most  used  right  now. 
While  th§  radio  reports  are  coming  in, 
you  can  look  on  this  map  and  see  where 
the  fighting  is  taking  place. 

All  these  maps  will  be  mailed  in  a  secure 
mailing  tube  to  any  subscriber  who 
promptly  sends  in  $1.00.  Use  the  con¬ 
venient  coupon  on  the  bottom  of  this 
letter. 


American  Agriculturist,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

Enclosed  is  $1.00.  Please  send  me  at  once  the  maps  described  above. 


Name  . . .  State  . 

Street 

p#  o .  or  B*D.  No. 


A  War-Time  Credit 
Platform 

A  “CREDIT  PLATFORM”  for  North¬ 
eastern  agriculture  was  announc¬ 
ed  recently  by  the  Farm  Credit  Board 
of  Springfield  (Mass.),  for  farmers  and 
farmers’  cooperatives  to  help  them 
strengthen  their  financial  situation  in 
1942. 

“America’s  first  task  is  to  win  this 
war,  and  northeastern  farmers  are  in 
the  fight,”  the  Board’s  resolution  said. 
“They  must  produce  their  full  share  of 
the  food  needed  for  victory.  In  war 
or  peace,  one  of  America’s  greatest 
bulwarks  is  its  farms  and  farm  homes. 
Their  independence  must  be  maintain¬ 
ed,  not  only  to  assure  victory  but  also 
to  assure  a  victory  worth  winning. 

“No  farmer  is  really  independent  un¬ 
less  he  is  out  of  debt  ( as  half  the 
Northeastern  farmers  are)  or  is  master 
of  his  obligations  and  can  confidently 
look  forward  to  the  day  when  he  will 
be  ‘free  and  clear.’  No  farmers’  co¬ 
operative  is  really  strong  unless  it  is 
sound  financially.” 

Recognizing  these  facts,  the  Credit 
Board  recommends: 

To  those  who  are  out  of  debt:  You  can 

make  no  better  use  of  your  funds  than 
to  purchase  Defense  Bonds. 

To  those  who  are  in  debt  for  long-term 
investments:  Reduce  those  debts  as 

rapidly  as  possible.  Build  up  your  re¬ 
serve  to  meet  payments  coming  due  in 
the  future  when,  perhaps,  it .  will  be 
more  difficult  to  pay  out  of  current  in¬ 
come. 

To  those  who  have  short  term  debts 
which  represent  long-term  invest¬ 
ments:  Refinance  those  debts  and  put 
them  into  long-term  loans  at  low  in¬ 
terest  rates. 

To  those  who  plan  to  step  up  their 
production  or  expand  their  business: 

Better  care  and  feeding  of  the  present 
herds-  and  flocks  can  produce  most  of 
the  increased  milk  and  eggs  that  are 
needed  now.  Use  care  and  forethought 
on  long-term  investments,  such  as  new 
buildings  and  more  land,  particularly 
if  it  is  necessary  to  go  in  debt  for 
them.  You  are  justified,  however,  in 
filling  out  your  herds  and  flocks  to  the 
fullest  efficiency,  even  if  it  requires 
some  short-term  credit  to  do  so. 

To  all  farmers,  individually  or  in  co¬ 
operative  groups:  Expenses,  including 
taxes,  are  rising  and  probably  will  be 
higher.  Give  special  care  to  the  manner 
in  which  you  use  credit.  It  is  economy 
and  good  business  to  hire  your  credit 
at  the  lowest  cost  and  make  your  pur¬ 
chases  for  cash. 

Shortage  of  labor  may  make  it  ad¬ 
visable  for  you  to  use  more  labor-sav¬ 
ing  equipment.  Shortage  of  steel  and 
other  metals,  however,  makes  it  a 
patriotic  duty  for  you  to  check  your 
equipment  now  and  place  your  orders 
immediately  for  repairs  or  new  equip¬ 
ment,  so  that  manufacturers  will  be 
able  to  obtain  the  necessary  raw  ma¬ 
terials  to  fill  your  needs,  and  so  that 
your  own  production  program  will  not 
be  upset  in  mid-season. 

To  maintain  the  productivity  of  your 
land  and  livestock  and  the  condition  of 
your  buildings  and  equipment  is  your 
patriotic  duty.  To  build  reserves  in 
your  land  —  reserves  of  productivity 
and  fertility  —  is  your  best  guarantee 
for  the  uncertain  future. 

The  Board,  a  seven-man  body,  directs 
the  Federal  Land  Bank,  the  Federal 
Intermediate  Credit  Bank,  the  Spring- 
field  Bank  for  Cooperatives  and  the 
Production  Credit  Corporation  of 
Springfield,  all  operating  throughout 
the  Northeast,  The  Board  is  responsi¬ 
ble  for  the  policies  of  agencies  which 
are  providing  upwards  of  $125,000,000 
of  credit  to  48,000  individual  farmers 
for  working  capital  and  long-term 
mortgages,  and  over  $4,000,000  in  loans 
to  100  farmers’  cooperatives. 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


This  twenty-bird  pen  of  White  Leghorns,  owned  by  Holser’s  Valley  Farm  of  Troy, 
New  York,  was  high  in  number  of  points  at  the  1941  Central  New  York  Laying  Test. 
During  the  51  weeks  of  the  contest,  these  twenty  hens  laid  4,874  eggs  for  5,143.05 
points.  On  the  point  basis,  used  in  most  laying  tests,  the  size  of  the  eggs  as  well 

as  the  number  is  considered. 


Around  the  Henhouse 


Buying  Chicks — An  Impor¬ 
tant  Job 

UYING  chicks  is  one  of  the  impor¬ 
tant  jobs  of  the  poultryman’s  year. 
The  first  step  is  to  know  the  kind  of 
chicks  you  Want  to  buy;  and  to  have 
this  clearly  in  mind,  it  is  necessary  to 
understand  the  meaning  of  some  of 
the  terms  used. 

Breeding  stock  is  blood  tested  in  or¬ 
der  to  remove  hens  that  have  pullorum. 
Once  called  bacillary  white  diarrhea, 
the  disease  is  caused  by  bacteria  which 
are  transmitted  through  the  hen  to  the 
egg  and,  therefore,  are  present  in  the 
body  of  the  chick  when  it  is  hatched. 
Where  a  hatchery  advertises  “blood 
tested  until  no  reactors  are  found,”  it 
means  that  the  breeding  flock  is  entire¬ 
ly  free  of  that  disease.  Another  term 
indicating  the  sam:  situation  is  “100% 
pullorum  clean.” 

Usually  the  Words  “breeding  stock 
blood  tested”  means  just  what  they  in¬ 
dicate.  In  other  words,  reactors  were 
found.  The  difficulty  here  is  that  no 
test  of  this  sort  is  perfect.  There  is  a 
probability  that  some  reactors  were 
missed  and  that  subsequent  tests  will 
find  reactors  present. 

The  term  “U.  S.-New  York  approv¬ 
ed”  means  that  the  breeding  flock  is 
enrolled  in  the  National  Uniform  Plan 
for  Breeding  Improvement,  and  that 
the  flo£k  is  supervised  by  federal  and 
state  inspectors. 

The  term  “pedigreed  chicks”  indi¬ 
cates  that  records  have  been  kept  on 


OUR  GUARANTEE 

American  Agriculturist  guar¬ 
antees  its  advertisers;  but,  as  we 
have  at  various  times  pointed  out 
on  the  Service  Bureau  page,  a 
guarantee  should  be  defined. 

As  affecting  our  baby  chick 
advertisers,  we  guarantee: 

1.  When  you  send  money  to  any 
baby  chick  advertiser  in 
this  paper,  you  will  receive 
your  chicks  or  your  money 
will  be  refunded. 

2.  If,  on  arrival,  the  chicks  are 
not  as  ordered,  you  can  re¬ 
fuse  to  accept  them,  return 
them  to  the  hatchery,  and 
your  money  will  be  refunded. 

After  chicks  have  been  accept¬ 
ed,  we  cannot  guarantee  that 
they  will  live  or  that  they  will 
make  satisfactory  growth.  I 

.■  ■  -  ——I.'—  —  -  -  ./ 

the  breeding  stock,  and  that  poor  pro¬ 
ducers  have  been  weeded  out.  To  get  a 
clear  picture  of  what  the  term  actually 
means  in  a  particular  case,  it  is  neces¬ 
sary  to  inquire  further,  particularly 
concerning  egg  production  records  of 
the  breeding  stock.  From  some  hatch¬ 
eries  you  can  buy  different  lots  of 
chicks  at  different  prices.  The  higher 
the  egg  records  of  the  parent  stock, 
the  more  money  you  have  to  pay  for 
the  chicks.  Pedigreed  breeding  is  ex¬ 
pensive,  and  one  complaint  sometimes 
heard  from  breeders  is  that  poultry- 
men  are  not  willing  to  pay  the  higher 
cost.  In  general,  the  extra  cost  of  such 
chicks  is  a  good  investment  if  you 
make  certain  that  you  get  what  you 
pay  for. 

It  is  important  to  order  your  chicks 
early,  specifying  the  date  on  which  you 
want  them  delivered.  A  chick  hatch¬ 
ery  must  estimate  the  demand  which 
they  will  have  and  try  to  meet  it.  The 
more  advance  orders  they  get,  the  more 
certainly  they  can  fill  all  orders  when 
requested.  When  orders  roll  in  faster 
than  anticipated  or  when  hatchability 
is  unusually  poor,  it  becomes  necessary 
for  a  hatchery  to  “put  off”  some  of  its 
customers.  If  the  hatchery  cannot  ship 
your  chicks  when  you  want  them,  you 
are  within  your  rights  to  request  the 
return  of  any  money  you  may  have 
paid  them.  This  may  help  and  it  may 
not— you  are  likely  to  find  that  other 
hatcheries  are  also  booked  ahead.  Ob¬ 
viously,  however,  you  stand  a  better 
chance  of  getting  your  chicks  when 
you  want  them  if  you  order  them 
early. 

No  hatchery  can  guarantee  that  its 
chicks  will  live.  Some  hatcheries  do 
guarantee  to  replace  those  that  die 
within  a  certain  specified  time,  but 
there  is  no  doubt  that  many  of  the 
serious  losses  are  the  fault  of  the  poul- 
tryman  rather  than  the  fault  of  the 
hatchery.  Chicks  are  allowed  to  get 
chilled,  they  are  not  fed  properly,  or 
they  get  diseased  because  surroundings 
are  not  properly  disinfected. 

To  sum  up,  know  the  quality  of 
chicks  you  want,  be  sure  you  get  them, 


and  then  follow  the  best  known  prac¬ 
tices  in  raising  them. 

— a.  a. — 

White  Plymouth  Rocks 

It  was  a  pleasant  surprise  to  discov¬ 
er  that  around  Herkimer  and  Utica 
there  are  quite  a  number  of  flocks  of 
White  Plymouth  Rocks.  Ever  since 
my  extension  days  in  Kentucky,  I  have 
had  a  special  liking  for  this  variety. 
I  have  often  wondered  why  more  peo¬ 
ple  do  not  grow  them. 

White  Rocks  originated  as  a  sport 
from  the  Barred  Rocks.  They  are  much 
alike  except  in  color.  They  are  good 
layers  of  good-sized  eggs  and  splendid 
table  birds,  particularly  as  roasters  or 
heavy  broilers.  The  plump,  yellow  car¬ 
cass  in  the  butcher  shop  makes  a 
strong  appeal  to  any  housewife. 

It  is  the  white  color  of  the  feathers 
that  to  my  mind  gives  the  White  Rocks 
a  decided  advantage  over  Barred 
Rocks  or  any  other  dark  feathered  bird 
because  the  pinfeathers  do  not  show 
and  the  dressed  bird  looks  more  at¬ 
tractive. 

Retail  poultrymen  in  most  of  the 
country  know  that,  and  they  usually 
prefer  the  Whites.  In  the  Arkansas 
broiler  section,  second  only  to  the 
Delmarva  section  in  millions  of  broil¬ 
ers  grown,  the  White  Rock  is  the  great 
favorite.  But  in  the  eastern  markets 
they  are  almost  unknown,  and  the 
Barred  Rocks  bring  the  premium 
prices.  I  have  an  idea  that  these  men 
in  the  East  have  never  been  able  to 
look  at  a  white  chicken  without  think¬ 
ing  “tough  little  Leghorn.”  Some  day 
maybe  they  will  get  wise  to  the  fact 
that  they  are  missing  a  good  bet  and 
catch  up  with  the  rest  of  the  country. 
Maybe!  That  will  probably  be  about 
the  same  time  that  they  discover  that 
light-colored  yolks  are  no  more  in  de¬ 
mand  by  housewives  than  the  rich 
golden  yolks  that  put  color  into  cake. 

— L.  E.  Weaver. 

—  A.  A. — 

Not  Hatchery’s  Fault 

A  year  ago  my  chicks  were  troubled 
with  a  disease  which  I  know  was  coccidi- 
osis.  This  year  should  I  buy  chicks  from 
the  same  hatchery,  or  should  I  try  an¬ 
other  one? 

Coccidiosis  is  one  trouble  which  can¬ 
not  be  laid  at  the  door  of  a  hatchery. 
The  disease  does  not  affect  chicks  un¬ 
til  they  are  several  weeks  old,  and  the 
infection  is  picked  up  after  the  chicks 
are  on  the  farm. 

Many  poultrymen  are  able  to  control 
this  disease  pretty  well.  They  disinfect 
the  brooder  house  thoroughly  before 
the  chicks  are  put  in.  Some  poultrymen 
move  the  brooder  houses  every  year, 
putting  them  on  ground  that  has  been 
cultivated  for  at  least  two  years. 

( Continued  on  Page  22) 


21  (127) 


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(128)  22 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


f  OUR  GUARANTEE.  You  need  have  no  hesitation  in  sending  money  to  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  baby  chick  advertisers.  If  they  fail  to  send  the  chicks  to  you, 
your  money  will  be  refunded.  We  require  every  advertiser  to  stand  back  of  statements  made  in  the  advertisement.  Obviously  no  one  can  guarantee  that  chicks  will 
live.  To  take  advantage  of  our  guarantee  it  is  necessary,  when  writing  advertisers,  to  say,  “I  saw  your  advertisement  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. " 


JUNIATA  LEGHORNS 

mg  your  chicks  be  sure  to  write  us 
postal  card  will  bring  this  to  you. 

JUNIATA  POULTRY  FARM 


Our  2Sth  year  of  breeding  JUNIATA  LEGHORNS.  Our 
foundation  Breeders  direct  from  TOM  BARRON.  They  are 
large  birds  and  bred  for  eggs  and  more  eggs.  Before  order- 
for  our  large  Circular  showing  pictures  of  our  farm  and  breeders — a 
Prices  exceptionally  low.  Day  Old  Pullets  a  specialty.  Write  NOW. 

Box  A,  RICHFIELD,  PENN. 


CHICKS 


100%  LIVE  ARRIVAL  GUAR.  POSTPAID 
CASH  OR  C.  O.  D.  —  ORDER  FROM  AD. 
ALL  BREEDERS  BLOOPTESTEP 


Hatches  Every  Mon.  &  Thur.  100  Str.  Run 

R.O.P.  SIRED  WHITE  LEGHORNS - $10.00 

Large  English  White  Leghorns -  9.00 

Bar.  Rox,  White  Rox,  R.  I.  Reds,  Wh.  Wyand.  10.00 

N.  H.  Reds,  Red-Rox  Cross  - 

Mixed  Chicks  of  all  Breeds  -  8.U0 

SUNNY  SLOPE  HATCHERY,  DEPT. 


1 00  Pullets 
$18.00 
16.00 

12.50 

13.50 
10.00 

A, 


100  Cockerels 
$4.00 
3.00 
9.00 
10.00 
7.00 


Extra  Quality  Chicks 
bred  for  size  and 
egg  production.  Pullets 
guar.  90%.  Write 
for  FREE  Folder. 


THOMPSONTOWN,  PENNA. 


TURKEYS 


AIIAI  ITV  Dm II  TC  5  Best  Breeds.  Blood  Tested 
UUHLI  I  I  TUUL I  O  Breeders.  Priced  Reasonable. 
Circular.  SEIDELTON  FARMS,  Washingtonville,  Pa. 


GEESE 


EMBDEN  GEESE  AND  GANDERS,  $4  each.  Beauties. 
Collie  Pups,  $10,  $5.  P.  McCullough,  Merrer.  Pa. 


Are  You  Moving? 


J.F  YOU  ARE,  you  will  want 
the  address  on  your  paper 
changed.  On  a  postal  card  or 
by  letter  write  us  your  old 
and  your  new  address. 

CIRCULATION  DEPARTMENT, 

10  North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


ROBERT  S.  PINNEY, 

South  Glens  Falls,  N.  Y. 

Mr.  Pinney  has  been  associated  with  Am¬ 
erican  Agriculturist  longer  than  any  of  its 
present  staff,  so  he  is  well  qualified  to 
comment  about  American  Agriculturist. 
He  says: 

“I  started  selling  Anikrican  Agriculturist 
in  June  1904  and  have  been  at  it  continu¬ 
ously  for  38  years.  In  the  beginning  I  drove 
a  horse  and  buggy. 

“I  have  always  found  the  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  to  be  the  leading  farm  paper  in 
the  Northeast  and  an  honest  and  square  com¬ 
pany  to  work  for.  They  work  for  the  farm¬ 
ers’  interests.  I  am  proud  to  work  for  such 
a  reliable  and  honest  company.” 

There  is  an  opportunity  for  two  more 
men  in  the  sales  force.  If  you  are  inter¬ 
ested,  write 

E.  C.  WEATHERBY,  Secretary, 
American  Agriculturist, 

Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


★ 


★ 


ON  DUTY  FOR 

DEFENSE 


N  thousands  of  farms,  poultrymen 
are  stocking  Kerr’s  Lively  Chicks  to 
meet  the  nation’s  challenge:  10%  more 
eggs  and  meat  for  defense! 

Why  do  so  many  poultry  raisers  pre¬ 
fer  Kerr’s  Lively  Chicks  in  this  time  of 
emergency  production? 

Here’s  why!  For  34  years  Kerr  Chick- 
eries,  Inc.,  has  bred  and  hatched  chicks 
that  live,  thrive  and  grow.  Annual  cull¬ 
ing,  banding  and  blood-testing  of  the 
120,000  Kerr  breeders  have  made  Kerr 
Chicks  famous  for  livability,  vitality 
and  productivity.  Important,  too,  poul¬ 
try  raisers  like  the  friendly,  efficient 
way  Kerr  handles  business. 
All  popular  breeds,  crosses 
and  sexed  White  Leghorns. 

Write  today  for  free  literature 
and  advance  order  discount  offer. 

-Keir  Chickeries- 


21  RAILROAD  AYE.,  FRENCHTOWN,  N.  J. 
There's  a  branch  office  near  you  — call  today 


New  Jersey 
Jamesburg 
Paterson 
Woodbury 
Massachusetts 
W.  Springfield 
Delaware 
Selbyville 


New  York 
Binghamton 
Blue  Point,  L.l. 
East  Syracuse 
Kingston 
Middletown 
Schenectady 

(Address  Dept. 


Pennsylvania 

Dunmore 

Lancaster 

Lewistown 

Connecticut 

Danbury 

21) 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


Hatches  Mon.-Tues. -Wed.-Thurs.  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo- Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ $9.00 

Black  or  White  Minorcas _ 9.00 

B.  &W.  Box,  R.  I.  Beds.  W.  Wy.  9.00 

Red -Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross _ 9.00 

Jersery  White  Giants _ _ 11.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAA  SUP.)_I2.00 
Heavy  Mixed  $8.  HEAVY  BROILER 
SELECTION)  $7.50.  Breeders  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D. 
100%  live  del.  Postage  Paid.  AMERICAN  SEXERS 
ONLY.  95%  Accuracy. 

C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


per  100 

per  100 

$16.00 

$3.00 

16.00 

3.00 

12.00 

8.00 

12.00 

8.00 

14.00 

10.00 

16.00 

8.00 

R  CKLS. 

(OUR 

QUCKLINGS 


BRONZE  AND  WHITE  HOLLAND  POULTS,  the  best 
we  have  ever  produced.  Strong,  early  maturing,  broad¬ 
breasted.  Pullorum  free.  C.  H.  TIMERMAN’S  TUR¬ 
KEY  FARM,  LA  FARGEVILLE,  N.  Y.  Jefferson  Co. 


MAMMOTH  PEKINS,  $16.-100:  WHITE  RUNNERS. 
$15.-100.  HARRY  BURNHAM,  NO.  COLLINS,  N.  Y. 


Where  this  is  impossible,  it  is  common 
practice  not  to  allow  the  chicks  on  the 
ground,  but  to  fix  a  sun  porch  with  a 
wire  bottom  to  keep  them  off  the 
ground.  This  disease  always  gets  a  bet¬ 
ter  start  where  the  brooder  houses  are 
allowed  to  get  damp  or  during  rainy 
spells  when  the  chicks  run  on  infected 
ground. 

— a.  a. — 

Lye  for  Disinfecting 

When  lye  is  used  to  clean  brooder 
houses,  how  much  water  and  how  much 
lye  should  be  used? 

A  good  proportion  is  1  pound  of  lye 
to  15  gallons  of  water.  You  can  use  a 
stronger  solution,  but  it  is  likely  to 
damage  your  clothes  and  burn  your 
hands  if  it  gets  on  them.  When  using 
a  lye  solution  to  clean  brooder  houses, 
it  is  a  good  idea  to  WEAR  RUBBERS. 

Scrub  the  lye  solution  over  the  floor 
and  up  the  walls  with  an  old  broom; 
allow  it  to  soak  a  while;  and  then 
scrape  it,  cleaning  out  all  of  the  dirt. 
If  you  have  running  water,  turn  a  hose 
on  it  to  flush  it  out  entirely. 

— a.  a. — 

Chick  Feeders 

How  many  feeders  and  water  fountains 
does  a  flock  of  baby  chicks  need? 

When  chicks  are  first  put  in,  they 
should  have  1  linear  inch  of  feeder 
space  per  chick.  Besides  that,  it  is  a 
good  idea  to  start  them  off  with  feed 
in  box  covers  so  they  can  have  easy 
access  to  it.  When  you  remember  that 
a  chick  eats  only  about  2  pounds  of 
feed  the  first  6  weeks  of  its  life,  it  is 
easy  to  see  how  important  it  is  to  be 
sure  they  have  plenty  of  feeding  space 
and  a  ration  that  supplies  all  of  the 
essentials.  You  should  also  provide  at 
least  two  one-quart  water  fountains 
for  each  100  chicks. 

— a.  a. — 

Keep  Chicks  Warm 

What  is  the  correct  temperature  at 
which  to  operate  a  hover? 

The  usual  recommendation  for  the 
first  week  is  90  degrees,  with  the  ther¬ 
mometer  at  the  edge  of  the  hover  and 
2  inches  above  the  litter.  An  experi¬ 
enced  poultryman  can  tell  whether  or 
not  the  temperature  is  right  by  the 
way  the  chicks  act.  When  the  tem¬ 
perature  is  right,  you  will  find  them 
in  a  ring  around  the  outer  edge  of  the 
hover  at  night.  The  temperature  can 
be  reduced  about  5  degrees  a  week  un¬ 
til  it  is  down  to  70  degrees.  If  the 
chicks  are  not  brooded  too  early  in 
the  season,  you  can  discontinue  the 
heat  about  the  sixth  week.  If  the 
weather  is  still  cold,  you  can  keep  a 
low  fire  to  keep  the  chicks  from  getting 
chilled  and  piling  up,  with  consequent 
heavy  losses. 

— a.  a. — 

What’s  in  the  Cards 

( Continued  from  Page  11) 
on  their  own  troubles  and  affairs  they 
do  not  appreciate  that  other  lines  of 
business  may  have  just  as  many 
troubles  and  difficulties,  even  though 
they  may  not  shout  it  from  the  house¬ 
tops.  I  think  the  Dunn  &  Bradstreet 
records  of  business  failures  will  show 
farming  to  be  a  pretty  good,  and  a 
very  safe  business  compared  to  most 
others,  and  all  we  have  to  do  to  make 
it  even  better,  is  to  work  harder  and 
be  better  farmers  and  better  business 
men  ourselves. 

Apple  growing  here  in  the  North¬ 
east,  has,  on  the  whole  and  over  a 


90,000  BREEDERS 
MASS.  STATE  PULLORUM  TESTED 

Maintained  on  Our  Own  300  Acre  Farm. 

For  over  30  years,  lledbird  Farm  Chicks  have  been 
making  money  for  our  customers.  This  alone  accounts 
for  our  unequaled  growth  from  48  breeders  to  90.000. 
Further,  only  Chicks  of  exceptional  vigor  could  stand 
up  under  this  amazing  Guarantee,  made  for  13  years: 

98%  Livability  Guaranteed  First  4  Weeks 
on  All  Champion,  Grade-A  and  Grade-B  Matings. 
RHODE  ISLAND  REDS — Our  original  strain.  State 
Contest  records  up  to  334  eggs.  Customers  report: 
3-lb.  Broilers  at  10  weeks.  50%  Production  of 
24—oz.  Eggs  from  6-month  Pullets. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRES— Blend  of  finest  New  England 
strains.  Unexcelled  for  defense  production. 
ROCK-RED  CROSS — For  Barred  Broilers.  Roasters. 
RED-ROCK  Sex  Link  CROSS— For  Dark  Pullets. 

BARRED  Cockerels,  Sexes  separated. 

BARRED  ROCKS— Bred  to  full  standard  weight. 
WHITE  LEGHORNS — Large  type,  large  eggs. 
SEXED  CHICKS — 95%  Accuracy  Guaranteed. 

Write  today  for  free  Catalog  and  Price  List. 

REDBIRD  FARM  Wrentham,  Mass. 

World’s  Largest  R.  I.  Red  Breeding  Farm. 


WHIT!4t0CK 

BABY  *  \  *  PER 

CHICKS....  tOO 

EGGS  FOR  i  7  not 

Is  hatching  f  /  *  too 

Special  Price  on  LARGE  ORDERS 

All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100% 

■  State  Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube  Agglut.  TOL- 
MAN’S  CHICKS  famous  for  RAPID  GROWTH. 
EARLY  MATURITY,  Profitable  EGG  YIELD. 
Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters  or 
■  market  eggs.  Send  for  FREE  Circular. 


JOSEPH 


1  SPECIALIZE  ONE  BREED.  ONE 
GRADE  at  ONE  PRICE- 


TOLMAH 


Dept.  B. 

ROCKLAND 

MASS. 


C/ie&befy  YaHay  Chia.  | 


VIM-VIGOR-VITALITY 


CASH  OR  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Ckls. 

SPECIAL  MATING  HANSON  STR.  100  100  100 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS _ $10.00  $18.00  $4.00 

Large  English  S.  C.  Wh.  Leghorns  9.00  16.00  3.00 

Bar.  &  Wh.  Rocks.  R.  I.  Reds—  10.00  1  2.00  9.00 

Red-Rock  Cross,  Rock-Red  Cross—  11.00  14.00  9.00 

N  Hampshire  Reds  (Special  AAA)  13.00  17.00  10.00 

Heavy  Mixed  $8.-100.  Heavy  Broiler  Ckls.  (our  selec¬ 
tion)  $8.-100.  All  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Post-Paid. 
Sexing  guaranteed  95%  accurate.  Order  direct  from 
adv.  or  write  for  FREE  actual  photo  catalog  giving  full 
information  of  our  Breeders  and  Breeding  Program. 
Chester  Valley  Hatchery,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


mm 


All  Breeders  carefully  culled  & 

Blood  Tested.  Order  direct  from 
ad.  or  write  for  our  new  catalog. 
Satisfaction  and  safe  arrival  guaranteed. 


Shipments  Mon.  &.  Thurs.—  Unsex’d  Pul’ts  C’k’ls 

Will  Ship  C.O.D.  100  100  100 


White  or  Brown  (Leghorns---  -  — - 

$9.00 

$16.00 

$3.50 

Black  or  Buff  Leg.,  Anconas. - 

9.50 

17.00 

4.50 

Bar.  White  or  Buff  Rocks - - 

9.50 

13.00 

8.50 

Wh.  Wvand,  R.  I.  Reds.  N.  Hamps. 

9.50 

13.00 

8.00 

Red-Rocks.  Rock-Red  Cross - 

9.50 

13.00 

9.50 

SPECIAL  GRADE  A  MATINGS 

White  &  Black  Leghorns - 

12.00 

20.00 

4.50 

Bar.  Rocks  &  New  Hampshires  .  -- 

13.50 

17.00 

i  1.00 

Sexing  guaranteed  95%  correct.  Our  21st  year. 

ULSH  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A,  Port  Trevorton,  Pa, 


SHIRK’S  QUALITY  CHICKS 


From  Blood  Tested  Breeders. 
PULLETS  GUARANTEED  95% 

Will  Ship  Cash  or  C.O.D. 


Electric  Hatched. 

Unsex.  Pul’ts  Ckls. 
100  100  100 


Large  Tvpe  White  Leghorns - $9.50  $17.00  $3.00 

Bar.  &  Wh.  Rocks.  R.  I.  Reds _ 10.00  13.00  9.00 

Red-Rock  &  Rock-Red  Cross _ 10.00  13.00  9.00 

New  Hampshire  Reds  (Direct) - 12.00  17.00 

Heavy  Mixed  _ 8.00  10.00 

We  specialize  in  one  grade  and  one  price  as  all 
breeders  are  bred  up  to  one  quality,  outstanding 
and  egg  production  Order  direct  from  ad  or  write  for 
FREE  Catalog  giving  full  information  of  our  breeders 
and  hatchery.  All  chicks  shipped  prepaid.  Guar.  100% 
live  delivery.  Hatches  Tuesdays  and  Thursdays. 

SHIRK’S  HATCHERY. 

H.  C.  Shirk,  Prop.,  Box  AA,  Route  2,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


9.00 

9.00 

9.00 

7.00 

our 

size 


wr 


100%  del.  Cash  or  C.O.D.  UNSEX.  PLTS. 
(Pullets  Guar.  95%)  100  100 

Hanson  Special  Wh.  Leg.  $8.00  $16.00 

nson  or  Eng.  Wh.  Leg -  7.50  15.00 

•.  &  Wh.  Rox,  R.  I.  Reds -  9.00  10.00 

Mix  $7.  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Free  Cir.  Postpaid. 
IIEMOND'S  POULTRY  FARM  &  HATCHERY, 
•man  Niemond,  Box  A,  McALISTERVI LLE.  PA. 


CKLS. 

100 

$3.00 

2.50 

9.00 


uiruc  TOM  BARRON  WHITE  LEGHORNS. 
’nlUIV9  HIGHEST  QUALITY.  LOWEST  PRICES. 

}M  BARRON  LEG.  FARM,  Box  A,  RICH  FIELD,  PA. 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


23  C129) 


mil  n  n  w  in  w  mw  i—i  »■■■  n  i  ■■ii.uumm—  ■■  mw  immmmmm mm Mum  i ■■  iu.mi 


OUR  GUARANTEE.  You  need  have  no  hesitation  in  sending  money  to  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  baby  chick  advertisers  If  they  fail  to  send  the  ohlcks  to  you, 
your  money  will  be  refunded.  We  require  every  advertiser  to  stand  back  of  statements  made  in  the  advertisement.  Obviously  no  one  can  guarantee  that  chicks  will 
live.  To  take  advantage  of  our  guarantee  it  is  necessary,  when  writing  advertisers,  to  say,  “I  saw  your  advertisement  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,” 

V..,.,,  e...  -  -  -  -  -  ■  -  -I  ■  ■  — . ■!-  - .  rnm..J 


MORE  EGGS  FOR  DEFENSE  with 


HAUS 


%d» 


p 


B0  your  part  and  get  your  share  of  this 
increased  market  with  HALL’S  Earlv 
Hatched  CHICKS.  Agricultural  Col¬ 
lege  statistics  show  that  early  hatched 
chicks  are  51%  to  78%  MORE  PROFIT¬ 
ABLE  than  other  chicks. 

HALL’S  EARLY  HATCHED  CHICKS 

•  Live  Better 

•  Lay  Earlier 

•  Lay  More  Eggs  When  Prices  Are  High 

•  Make  the  Most  Rapid  Gains  in  Weight 

•  Bring  Higher  Broiler  Prices 
•Are  Less  Subject  to  Setbacks 

Don't  be  confused  by  the  great,  amount 
of  Questionable  Chick  advertising  and 
by  wild  extravagant,  claims.  Get  the 
facts,  consult  men  who  know — and  don’t 
buy  on  promises.  Our  catalog  is  in¬ 
formative.  conservative  and  honest. 

It  will  help  you  to  decide 
wisely — please  send  for  it. 
We  hatch  chicks  of  6  Pure- 
breeds  and  4  Hallcrosses— 
all  from  Pullorum  Free 
Stock,  shipped  prepaid  and 
guaranteed  lflft%  Live  De¬ 
livery.  Order  Now. 


WELL  BRED  WELL  BREEDERS 


HALL  BROTHERS  HATCHERY ,  INC. 

BOX  s  9  .  WALLINGFORD.  CONN. 


LEMENTS 

HICKSH 


BROS. 

FARMS 


C I  e  m-Cross 
sex-1  inked 
baby  pullets 
are  reaching  wide  popularity 
because  of  their  profit-abilities. 
So  are  CLEMENTS’  Reds,  Barred  and 
White  Rocks  and  Clem-Rock  cross  chicks 


Bred  right. 


Maine-U.  S.  Pullorum  clean.  Catalog  tells  about  co¬ 
operative  savings  plan.  Write  today. 

CLEMENTS  BROS.  FARMS 
Box  24  Winterport,  Maine 


and 

SEXED  PULLETS 

R.  O.  P  SIRED 

Leghorns  -  hew  Hampshires 
Rocks  -  Reds  -  Crossbreds 


Hatched  from  Pullorum  Clean  Breeders 


Guarantee  Protects  Y<  u.  Early  Order  Discount. 

Write  for  Catalog  and  Prices. 
TAYLOR’S  t  ATCHEhY,  Box  A,  LIBERTY,  N.  Y. 


CONTENT  FARMS 

W  S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS  w 

For  past  3  years  our  pens  at  Central  N.  Y.  Laying 
Contest  have  led  all  pens  all  breeds  in  combined  pro¬ 
duction  and  livability.  We  had  high  Leghorn  pen  at 
Farmingdale  Contest  1941.  Order  now  for  1942  delivery. 
Write  today  for  advance  price  list  and  catalog. 
CONTENT  FARMS,  BOX  A,  CAMBRIDGE,  N.  Y. 


WHITE  LEGHORNS 

LARGE  TYPE  BREEDERS  MAT- 

BR.OOKSIDE  ED  WITH  HANSON  R.  0.  P. 
Miwuivuioo  PEDIGREED  COCKERELS 

trorn  hens  with  records  of  300 
eggs  and  over.  Also  Barred  Rocks, 
White  Rocks  and  New  Hamn- 
shires.  Day  Old  and  Started  Chicks. 
4  week  old  Pullets.  Price  list  and  Booklet  Free. 

BROOKE  IDE  POULTRY  FARM 
E.  C.  BROWN,  Prop.,  Box  A,  Sergeantsville,  N.  J. 


from  high  record  trapnested, 
bloodtested  stock;  imported  and 
bred  this  strain  for  27  years.  Sex- 
ed  or  U  nsexed  chicks.  Free  circular. 
DAVID  M.  HAMMOND, 

Rt.  3,  Cortland,  N.  Y. 


CASTER’S  PARMENTER  REDS 

Known  for  their  exceptional  livability  and  consistent 
production.  Breeders  I  to  6  yrs.  old.  Chicks,  sexed 
Pullets  and  ckls.  250  to  300  egg  pedigreed  sired.  Circular. 

Red-W-Farm,  Box  W,  Wolcott,  N.  Y. 


HAMPTON’S  BLACK  LEGHORN  CHICKS 

kiye,  Lay,  Pay,  Healthy,  Hardy,  Heavy  Layers  of  Large 
White  Eggs.  Free  of  disease  and  cannibalism.  Circular 
free.  A.  E.  HAMPTON,  Box  A,  PITTSTOWN,  N.  J. 


Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


period  of  years,  been  a  good  and  profit¬ 
able  business.  That  record  is  as  good  a 
guide  as  we  can  get  as  to  what  it 
may  be  in  the  future,  so  let’s  keep  go¬ 
ing  ahead;  what  are  we  waiting  for? 
We  may  get  into  Heaven  by  a  close 
shave  and  lose  our  shirt  and  bust  a 
suspender  doing  it,  but  we  will  get 
there  eventually  if  we  only  keep  fight¬ 
ing  forward  in  the  right  direction. 

—a.  a. — 

Making  tho  Most  of  Home- 
Killed  Pork 

( Continued  from  Page  14) 
amount  of  cure  on  the  bacon.  Even 
after  you  have  rubbed  the  broad  sur¬ 
face  of  the  bacon  with  the  proper  mix¬ 
ture,  shake  most  of  it  off  that  can  be 
shaken  off.  Of  the  three  things  used 
for  cure,  remember  salt  only  is  the 
real  preservative.  The  sugar  improves 
the  flavor  and  counteracts  the  astring¬ 
ent  action  of  the  salt  while  saltpetre 
in  the  amount  added  really  fixes  the 
red  color  of  the  lean.  If  the  dry  mix¬ 
ture  is  to  be  rubbed  on  the  pork,  the 
6-2-2  mixture  of  salt  (6  lbs.),  sugar 
(2  lbs.),  and  saltpetre  (2  ozs.)  will  be 
sufficient  if  properly  used.  One-half  of 
this  mixture  is  rubbed  on  the  meat 
when  first  put  to  cure  and  the  other 
half  in  one  week.  Sometimes  in  the 
case  of  large  hams,  the  meat  is  “pump¬ 
ed”  around  the  bone  with  part  of  the 
curing  agents  dissolved  in  water.  Re¬ 
member  to  reduce  particularly  the 
amount  of  salt  used  accordingly. 

When  the  curing  time  is  over,  re¬ 
member  to  soak  bacon  and  small  cuts 
some  one-half  hour  in  tepid  water,  but 
large  hams  may  best  be  soaked  for 
two  hours.  Soaking  rarely  has  much 
effect  on  the  centre  of  the  ham,  hence 
soaked  meat  may  still  appear  salty. 

4.  As  for  time  in  cure,  a  good  rule 
to  follow  is  two  days  to  the  pound  for 
hams  and  shoulders  while  bacon  strips 
will  cure  in  from  two  to  three  weeks, 
depending  on  the  thickness.  If  the 
pork  was  properly  chilled  and  salted, 
do  not  worry  even  if  some  mold  shows. 
It  has  probably  done  no  harm  and  can 
be  easily  removed  by  a  brush  and 
warm  water. 

5.  Most  housewives  pride  themselves 
on  the  cleanliness  of  their  kitchens 
and  they  can  certainly  expect  the  same 
from  these  would-be  butchers.  Have 
everything*  you  possibly  can  in  ship¬ 
shape,  where  the  mdat  is  prepared  for 
curing.  Hot  water,  washing  powder 
and  elbow  grease  make  a  fine  mixture. 

6.  Protect  your  cured  pork  in  stor¬ 
age.  Smoking  drys  the  excess  mois¬ 
ture  from  the  surface  and  colors  and 
maybe  flavors  the  product.  It  definite¬ 
ly  delays  the  development  of  rancidity 
in  the  fat.  The  dry-cure  smoked  meat 
will  weigh  some  90%  of  the  fresh 
weight.  This  product  readily  adjusts 
itself  to  cutting  into  slices  and  freez¬ 
ing.  When  otherwise  stored  remember 
a  cool  room  reduces  the  work  of  in¬ 
sects,  but  the  mild  hams  made  accord¬ 
ing  to  the  above  6-2-2  recipe  rarely 
contain  enough  salt  to  keep  as  such 
through  hot  weather.  This  is  even 
more  markedly  true  of  the  bacon. 

In  other  words  the  main  recommen¬ 
dations  are  simply: 

1 .  Chill  the  meat  promptly  after  kill¬ 
ing. 

2.  Keep  it  cool  while  curing. 

3.  Carefully  control  the  curing  agents. 

4.  Give  the  meat  plenty  of  time  to 
cure. 

5.  Keep  everything  about  it  clean. 


R.O.R 

SIRED 


ELMER  H.  WENE 


D«Tn«D  CHICKS 

BIG  SAVINGS  on  EARLY  ORDERS 

Wene  R.  O.  P.  Sired  Chicks  insured  thru  first  14-Day  Danger  Period 
—  any  loss  replaced  FULLY  without  charge.  More  2-to-5-year-old 
HEN  BREEDERS  headed  by  200  to  314  Egg  Official  Record  pedigreed 
R.  O.  P.  Sires  than  any  other  Eastern  plant.  U.  S.  N.  J.  APPROVED. 
Hatches  year  ’round.  Capacity  1,800,000  eggs.  All  popular  pure  or  cross¬ 
breeds.  BLOODTESTED.  Credit,  if  desired.  Write  today  for  FREE  CATALOG. 

WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  Dept.  B-4,  VINELAND,  N.J. 


Free  of  extra  charge  in 
Special  Combinations 
Wene  R.  0.  P.  Sire 
Super-X  Mating  Chicks  ! 


CLEAR  SPRING  CHICKS 


32  years  Breeding  experience.  We  have  been  satisfying  a  steady  growing 
list  of  prosperous  poultrymen  for  years.  All  Breeders  Blood  Tested. 

1942  CATALOG  FREE. 


PULLETS  95%  GUARANTEED— 100%  LIVE  DELIVERY. 

LARGE  TYPE  ENGLISH  LEGHORNS.. . . . 

OUR  FAMOUS  HANSON  LEGHORNS  - 

RED-FACED  BLACK  SPANISH  MINORCAS  - 

BARRED  AND  WHITE  ROCKS,  R.  I.  REDS - 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  REDS  AND  RED-ROCK  CROSS . . 

CLEAR  SPRING  HATCHERY,  F.  B.  LEISTER.  Prop. 


STR.— 

-100  PLTS.— 100 

CKLS.— 

_$  9.00 

$16.00 

$3.00 

-  10.00 

18.00 

3.00 

,  10.00 

17.00 

4.00 

10.00 

12.00 

9.00 

-  11.00 

14.00 

9.00 

BOX  51,  M cA LISTER VI LLE,  PA. 


lorum  Clean.  Also  Crossbred 

chicks  for  broilers  or  layers.  Free  New  Catalog — Write! 

MOUL’S  Brentwood  POULTRY  FARM 

BOX  A,  EXETER,  N.  H. 


U.  S.  R.  0.  P.  Sired  Chicks 

White  Leghorns;  New  Hampshire  Reds: 
Barred  Rocks;  Barred  Cross.  Bred  to 
live.  100%  satisfaction  guaranteed. 
All  breeds  officially  bloodtested.  Chicks 
guaranteed  free  from  Pullorum. 

Write  for  Illustrated  Catalog. 

Van  Duzer  Poultry  Farm 

Box  A  Sugar  Loaf,  New  York 


HIGH  LIVABILITY  AND 
HIGH  PRODUCTION 

are  necessary  for  maximum  poultry 
profits.  You  get  them  both  —  plus 
early  feathering.  Large  Body  size.  Early  Matur¬ 
ity,  Large  egg  size  and  non-broodiness  — •  with 
Douglaston  Farm  Chicks. 
Sexed  or  Unsexed.  Write 
for  catalog  today. 

Douglaston  Manor  Farm 

R.D.  I,  PULASKI,  N.  Y. 


NACE’S  QUALITY  CHICKS 


We  pay  postage,  bare  ueuvery  guaranteed. 
HANSON  OR  ENGLISH  LARGE  100  100  100 

TYPE  WHITE  LEGHORNS  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls 

R. O.P.  SIRED  _ $9.00  $16.00  $3.00 

S.  C.  Everpay  Br.  Leghorns _  9.00  16.00  3.00 

Bar.  and  White  Rocks _  10.00  14.00  7.00 

N.  H.  and  R.  I.  Reds _  10.00  14.00  7.00 

Wh.  Wyand.  and  Buff  Orps _  11.00  15.00  8.00 

Heavy  Mixed  _  8.00  10.00  6.00 

From  Free  range  Flocks.  Sexed  Pullets  Guar.  95% 

accurate.  Order  from  ad  or  write  for  Catalog. 

J.  N.  NACE  POULTRY  FARM  &.  HATCHERY. 
Box  A,  RICHFIELD,  PENNSYLVANIA. 


large  size,  heavy  production  Barron  English  S.  C.  W. 
Leghorns.  Hens  weigh  up  to  7  lbs.  Mated  with  R.O.P. 
Pedigreed  Cockerels.  Extra  quality  chicks  from  Blood-test¬ 
ed.  healthy,  vigorous  selected  stock.  Straight  run,  sexed 
pullets  or  cockerels.  Write  for  price  list  and  catalog. 

Robert  L.  Clauser  Kieinfe?tmvm’e,  Pa. 


WIN  *500 

f  A  ril  Nothing  to 
Vflwll  Buy  or  Sell! 


Open  to  All  Chick  Raisers 

COLONIAL  IS  FIRST!  More 
people  buy  Colonial  Chicks  than 
any  other  kind.  Can  you  tell 
us  why?  It’s  just  that  easy.  All 
you  do  is  read  Colonial’s  Free 
Chick  Almanac.  Then  write  25 
words  telling  why  you  think 
Colonial  is  FIRST  in  CHICKS. 
And  if  your  report  is  chosen,  you 
win  $500  in  cash. 

BIG  CHICK  CATALOG  FREE 

Your  reading  Colonial’s  Catalogs 
helps  us  because  it  acquaints  you 
with  the  wonderful  EXTRA  value 
Colonial  Chicks  offer  at  CUT 
PRICES.  It  helps  YOU  because  it 
gives  the  hints  needed  to  win  S500 
cash.  Just  send  a  penny  postcard 
for  Colonial’s  Free  Chick  Almanac. 
77  Other  Cash  Prizes — 51 ,250  alto¬ 
gether.  Write  today.  No  obligation. 

COLONIAL  Poultry  Farms 

Box  €52, 


BETTER  CHICKS 
for  LESS  Money 

All  leading  kinds. 
Straight  run  or 
sexed.  Also  hy¬ 
brids.  Big  hatches 
daily. 


Marion,  Ohio 


FREE 

Chick  Almanac 
TELLS  ALL! 
Send  Poitcard 
for  Your  Copy 


CHERRY  HILL  CHICKS 


Twenty-Five  years  of  Breeding  and  Hatching  Experi¬ 
ence,  Assures  you  the  highest  quality.  Tested  for  B.W.D. 
Postage  Paid.  Catalog  FREE.  Live  Delivery. 

Pullets  Guar.  95%  Accurate.  Per  100  100  100 

BIG  R.O.P.  SIRED  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS _ $  8.50  $16.00  $3.00 

White  or  Barred  Rocks _  9.50  13.00  8.00 

New  Hamps.  or  S.C.  R.  I.  Reds..  10.50  15.00  7.00 
Less  than  100  add  lc  per  chick.  Also  Started  Chicks. 

CHERRY  HILL  POULTRY  FARM, 

Wm.  Nace,  (Prop.)  Box  A.  McALISTERVILLE,  PA. 


Shellenberger’s  S.  C.  White  Leghorns 

Heavy  producers  of  large  White  eggs.  R.O.P. 
Sired  Chicks — Sexed  Pullets,  95%,  Sex  guarantee 
—Day  Old  Cockerels.  Write  for  prices  and  Catalog. 
C.  M.  SHELLENBERGER’S  POULTRY  FARM 
Box  37,  Richfield,  Pa. 


A^^CHICKS  ON  CREDIT! 

Now  Hayes  Bros,  sturdy  Supreme  Chicks 
sold  on  easy  payment  plan!  Paste  this 
ad  onto  penny  postal — add  your  name 
and  address — mail  to  us.  You'll  get  a 
free  catalog — full  explanation  of  terms.  45,000  chicks 
hatched  daily  —  but  we  warn  you  to  order  early  this 
year!  20  varieties,  sexed  or  non-sexed.  100%  alive 
arrival.  Postpaid.  Quick  service.  Fair  dealing.  Act  now! 
Hayes  Bros.  Hatchery,  111  Hayes  Bldg.,  Decatur,  III. 


QUALITY  CHICKS 


Hatches  Tuesdays  and  Thursdays.  Non-Sex  Pit’s  Ckl’s 
Pullets  95%  Accurate  guar.  Per  100  100  100 

Large  Type  White  Leghorns _ $  9.50  $17.00  $3.00 

B. &W.  Rox,  R.  I.  Reds,  Rox-Red  Cr.  10.00  13.00  9.00 

Special  Bred  N.  H.  Reds _  13.00  17.00  9.00 

H  Mix  $9.00-100.  100%  live  del.  P.  Paid.  All  Breeders 
BLOOD  TESTED.  Antigen  method.  Write  for  Free 
Catalog  with  actual  photos  of  our  Poultry  Plant. 

McALISTERVILLE  HATCHERY. 

Edgar  C.  Leister.  Owner,  Box  20,  McAlistervflle,  Pa. 


OM  BARRON  CHICKS 

We  are  direct  importers  of  Barron  Leghorns. 
Large  Hens  mated  with  R.O.P.  Males.  Low 

i.arge  rieus  rnatea  wun  n.u.  f.  Mares,  now 
Price  on  Chicks  and  95%  Pullets,  Cockerels  $2.50-100. 


NORTH  SIDE  POULTRY  FARM,  Bote  A.  Richfield.  Pa. 


HELM’S  Egg-Line  CHICKS  won  both  firsts.  Nat’l 
Chick  Contest.  200-328  egg  ROP  sires.  U.  S.  Ap¬ 
proved,  pullorum  tested.  World  Egg  Contest  record 
Br.  Leghorns:  290  eggs;  317  points.  Farmer  prices. 
FREE  catalog. 

ILLINOIS  HATCHERY,  Box  125,  Metropolis,  III. 


TARBELL  FARMS  WHITE  LEGHORN  BABY  CHICKS. 

Breeders  carefully  selected  for  size,  production  and 
health.  Pullorum  test  negative.  Kimber  strain. 

TARBELL  FARMS,  SM1THVILLE  FLATS,  N.  Y. 


CHICKS:  Barred  Rocks,  White  Leghorns.  Also  White 
Holland  Turkey  Poults.  Pullorum  Tested.  Write  for  prices. 
H.  T.  Tillotson,  Highland  Poultry  Farm,  King  Ferry,  N.Y. 


To  profit  by  our  guarantee,  be  sure  to 
mention  American  Agriculturist  when  you 
write  to  advertisers. 


(130)  24 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


GOOD  MEALS 


buun  the  CellaA, 


w 


HEN  the  cellar  is  the  chief 
dependence  for  the  food  sup¬ 
ply,  then  is  the  time  Mrs. 
Housewife  has  to  do  some 
real  thinking  if  her  daily  meals  are  to 
bring  forth  ohs  and  ahs  of  appreciation. 

Just  consider  what  this  same  house¬ 
wife  probably  can  figure  on  as  her 
source  of  supply.  Usually  there  is 
some  ham.  The  illustration  gives  one 
hint  about  preparing  it  in  an  appetiz¬ 
ing  and  different  way. 

Another  salt  meat  apt  to  be  on 
hand  is  salt  pork,  and  it  is  useful  for 
many  things  besides  baked  beans! 
By  soaking  thin  slices  of  the  leanest 
portions  in  buttermilk  overnight  or  at 
least  for  30  minutes,  then  patting  dr 
and  rolling  in  flour  or  cornmeal,  thes 
slices  fry  to  a  delicate  brown  and  ar 
a  very  welcome  substitute  for  the  dear¬ 
er  bacon. 

Another  use  for  salt  pork,  good  for 
the  pork  and  good  for  the  vegetables, 
is  to  dot  fried  diced  salt  pork  between 
layers  of  escalloped  vegetables.  Good 
combinations  for  this  use  of  pork  are 
sweet  potatoes  and  apples;  cabbage  and 
apples;  and  tomatoes  with  kidney 
beans,  lentils,  potatoes  and  hominy. 

No  matter  what  the  season,  fish  is 
always  in  order.  Canned  salmon,  al¬ 
though  much  higher  in  price,  is  still 
one  of  our  cheapest  forms  of  fish.  Fish 
is  very  necessary  in  the  diet  because 
of  its  iodinh  content. 

SEAMAN’S  PIE 


2  tablespoons  butter 
I  small  onion 
1(4  tablespoons  flour 
I  cup  milk 


I  half-pound  can  salmon 
Salt-pepper 
4  potatoes 

4  tablespoons  hot  milk 


2  tablespoons  butter 

Saute  sliced  or  minced  onions  in  the 
butter  a  few  minutes,  then  add  flour 
and  milk  slowly,  making  a  white  sauce. 
Put  tbe  salmon  in  a  buttered  baking 
dish,  pour  sauce  over.  Meanwhile  boil, 
drain,  mash  and  season  the  potatoes 
with  butter,  milk  and  seasoning;  then 
pile  lightly  on  top  of  the  fish  mixture. 
Bake  in  hot  oven  until  brown.  The 
above  proportions  will  serve  6  or  8. 

Variation:  If  desired,  one  4-ounce 
can  of  mushrooms  may  be  spread  over 
the  salmon  before  adding  the  sauce. 
Also,  other  canned  fish  may  be  sub¬ 
stituted  for  the  salmon. 

Although  plain  boiled  is  the  usual 
rule  for  most  vegetables,  winter  ones 
deserve  a  little  fixing  up  now  and  then. 
Our  “H.  R.”  has  sent  some  of  her  fav¬ 
orite  recipes  for  winter  vegetables: 

BASIC  BAKED  SQUASH 

Split  Des  Moines  or  Acorn  squashes, 
and  remove  seeds  and  stringy  portion. 
Sprinkle  with  salt  and  pepper,  brush 
tops  with  melted  fat  and  bake  in  mod¬ 
erately  hot  oven  (375°  F.)  until  ten¬ 
der.  They  may  be  served  “as  are” 
with  plenty  of  butter. 

STUFFED  SQUASH 

Bake  prepared  squash  halves  for  20 
minutes;  fill  with  dressing  and  continue 
baking  until  the  squash  is  tender: 

DRESSING 

1(4  cups  moist  bread  crumbs  2  tablespoons  melted  fat 
(4  cup  chopped  cooked  meat  (4  teaspoon  salt 

I  minced  onion  Pepper  and  sage 

PARTY  SQUASH 

(4  cup  crushed  pineapple  3  cups  mashed  squash 

(4  cup  brown  sugar  (4  pound  marshmallows 

Salt 

Mash  baked  or  steamed  squash  and 
add  other  ingredients.  Mix,  turn  into 
buttered  ramekins,  top  with  halved 


BY  MRS.  GRACE  WATKINS  HUCKETT 


Two  good  foods, 
apples  and  ham,  taste 
even  better  when  combin¬ 
ed  as  shown  in  the  picture.  “Bak¬ 
ed  Ham  Slice  with  Apple  Rings,” 
is  the  name  of  the  dish,  and  here 
is  the  recipe: 


4  tart  cooking  apples 
2  pounds  ham,  cut  in 
I  inch  slice 


I  cup  New  Orleans 
molasses 

(4  cup  hot  water 


Core  and  cut  the  apples  without 
paring  them,  into  *4  inch  slices. 
Place  ham  in  greased  baking  dish, 
cover  with  apples,  and  pour  mix¬ 
ture  of  molasses  and  hot  water 
over  it.  Bake  in  moderate  oven 
(350°  F.)  40  to  50  minutes.  Baste 
frequently  during  the  baking. 


Beat  egg  yolk  in  top  of  double  boiler, 
beat  in  flour  and  lemon  juice  and  add 
soup  stock.  Cook  mixture  over  boiling 
water,  stirring  constantly  until  it 
thickens  and  the  raw  taste  of  the 
starch  has  disappeared.  Pour  the 
sauce  over  the  hot  beans  and  let  stand 
over  the  fire  a  minute,  not  long  enough 
or  at  a  high  enough  temperature  to 
curdle  the  egg. 

LYONNAISE  BEETS 


marshmallows  and  bake  in  moderate 
oven  (325°  F.)  until  marshmallows  are 
puffy  and  brown. 

CANDIED  SQUASH 

1/2  cup  brown  sugar  3  tablespoons  butter 

Fifteen  minutes  before  baking  is 
completed,  spread  baked  squash  with 
sugar  creamqd  with  butter.  Lower  the 
temperature  to  prevent  burning. 

TURNIP  CAKES 


2  cups  diced  boiled  beets 

3  tablespoons  bacon  fat 
I  teaspoon  salt 


I  small  onion,  minced 
I  tablespoon  vinegar 
Dash  pepper 

Melt  bacon  fq,t  in  frying  pan,  add 
onion  and  cook  slowly  until  brown. 
Add  beets,  vinegar,  salt  and  pepper 
and  heat  well.  Serve  with  garnish  of 
sliced  hard-cooked  egg. 

SNOWFLAKE  SALAD 


cayenne  pepper.  Pour  in  hot  water  to 
barely  cover.  Top  thickly  with  butter¬ 
ed  bread  crumbs.  Bake  in  moderate 
oven  (360°  F.)  about  45  minutes. 

SUPPER  STEW 

8  slices  bacon,  diced  4  chopped  onions 

12  medium  carrots,  diced  3  teaspoons  salt 

4  medium  potatoes,  diced  /3  teaspoon  pepper 

I  pint  rich  milk 

Fry  bacon  golden  brown  in  Dutch 
oven  or  heavy  aluminum  saucepan. 
Add  vegetables,  salt,  pepper  and  boil¬ 
ing  water  to  barely  cover.  Cook  until 
vegetables  are  tender,  add  milk.  Serve 
piping  hot  with  a  sprinkling  of  pap¬ 
rika. 

CARROT-CHEESE  SOUFFLE 


3  cups  mashed,  cooked 
carrots 

3  eggs,  beaten  separately 


5  slices  bacon  (cooked) 
/s  cup  milk 
Dash  of  pepper 


6  medium-sized  turnips, 
boiled 

%  teaspoon  salt 

Mash  turnips,  add  milk  and  season¬ 
ings.  Fry  bacon  crisp  or  use  leftover. 
Crumble  bacon  and  add  to  turnip  mix¬ 
ture.  Form  into  flat  cakes  and  fry  in 
bacon  fat  until  brown  on  both  sides. 

TURNIPS  ’N  SAUSAGE 

Boil  medium-sized  yellow  turnips  for 
30  minutes  in  boiling  salted  water.  Re¬ 
move  and  make  a  cavity  in  each  tur¬ 
nip,  using  an  apple  corer.  Fill  cavity 
with  well-seasoned  sausage,  place  in 
baking  dish  and  add  hot  water  y2  inch 
deep.  Cover  and  bake  at  375°  F.  for 
25  minutes. 

STRING  BEANS  WITH  EGG  SAUCE 

I  lb.  of  fresh  or  I  quart  Yolk  of  I  egg 
canned  green  string  beans  I  teaspoon  of  cornstarch 
Butter  or  flour 

Salt  %  to  I  tablespoon  lemon 

Pepper  juice 

%  cup  of  soup  stock 

Cut  beans  into  1-inch  pieces  and  boil 
in  the  canned  juice  until  most  of  the 
juice  evaporates.  Season  with  butter, 
salt  and  pepper. 


3  cups  cold  boiled  beets, 
cubed 

5  tablespoons  salad  oil 
2  tablespoons  strong 
vinegar 


1(4  teaspoons  salt 
Vb  teaspoon  mustard 
Dash  cayenne  pepper 
(4  cup  Brazil  nutmeats 
I  teaspoon  minced  onion 


Combine  salad  oil,  vinegar,  salt,  pep¬ 
per  and  mustard.  Mix  beets  with 
onion.  Shred  Brazil  nuts  in  large 
“flakes,”  add  half  to  beets  and  toss 
in  dressing.  Garnish  with  reserved 
Brazil  nut  flakes.  * 

FEBRUARY  SALAD 

%  oup  sour  cream  1(4  cups  finely  shredded 
(4  cup  vinegar  cabbage 

3  tablespoons  sugar  %  cup  shredded  carrots 
1(4  teaspoon  salt  %  cup  sliced  red  apples 

(4  teaspoon  mustard  (unpeeled) 

Dash  pepper  2  tablespoons  chopped  onion 

(or  less) 

Whip  cream  until  stiff,  add  vinegar 
and  seasonings  to  make  a  dressing;  add 
to  the  cabbage,  carrots,  apples  and 
onion.  Garnish  with  nutmeats.  Cut 
sliced  apple  into  wedges  or  thin 
“sticks.” 

COUNTRY  SCALLOP 


4  cups  shredded  cabbage 
1(4  teaspoons  salt 
Water 


I  oup  sliced  apple 
3  tablespoons  bacon  fat 
Buttered  bread  crumbs 


Alternate  layers  of  cabbage  and  ap¬ 
ple  in  greased  casserole.  Dot  with 
bacon  fat,  add  salt  and  a  dash  of 


I  teaspoon  salt 
Dash  pepper 
(4  cup  grated  cheese 

Combine  mashed  carrots,  beaten  egg 
yolks,  salt,  pepper  and  cheese.  Light¬ 
ly  fold  in  stiffly  beaten  egg  whites. 
Place  in  individual  greased  ramekins 
and  bake  20  minutes,  at  370°  F.  Serve 
at  once. 

TOASTY  PRUNE  AND  APPLE 
BETTY 

Apple  Betty  has  long  been  a  favorite 
dessert.  Here  is  a  different  and  wel¬ 
come  variation  from  the  usual  betty,  in 
that  it  calls  for  prunes  and  toasted 
cubes  of  bread,  a  decidedly  novel  touch. 

1(4  cups  cooked  prunes  (4  teaspoon  cinnamon 

1(4  cups  chopped  cooking  2  tablespoons  butter 

apples  %  cup  water 

4  cups  toasted  bread  cubes  %  oup  sugar 

I  cup  prune  liquid  (4  teaspoon  salt 

Cut  prunes  into  medium  slices.  Place 
half  of  toasted  bread  cubes  in  buttered 
casserole  or  pan  (about  1  y2  quart 
size),  add  prunes  in  a  layer,  apples, 
then  remaining  bread  cubes.  Combine 
liquids,  sugar,  salt,  spice  and  butter 
and  boil  2  or  3  minutes.  Pour  evenly 
over  bread  cubes  and  bake  covered  in  a 
moderate  oven  (350°  F.)  about  1  hour. 

Variation :  Other  well-sweetened, 

cooked,  dried  fruits  such  as  apricots 
or  peaches,  with  liquid,  may  replace 
prunes  and  prune  liquid. 


American  Agriculturist.  February  14,  1942 


25  (131) 


HOME  DEFENSE 

Sfui/ii  cMome  SetuUta, 

HOME  SEWING  has  become  doubly 
important  now,  and  winter  days 
offer  an  excellent  opportunity  to  ac¬ 
complish  it.  Wartime  demands  will 
limit  choice  of  fabrics  more  and  more 
as  time  goes  on,  so  it  is  wise  to  stock 
up  with  the  prettily  colored  one^  while 
they  are  still  available. 

Flannels  in  beige,  blues,  gold,  bright 
red  and  bright  green  will  still  be  avail¬ 
able  because  that  type  of  yarn  is  not 
needed  by  the  army.  Cottons  are  in 
great  demand,  but  as  yet  rayons  are 
not  much  used  in  defense  fabrics  and 
therefore  are  still  available  for  civilian 
use. 

DICKEY  DRESS  No.  3350  with  its 
long  torso  and  light  dickey  is  very 
i  much  up-to-the-minute.  No  wonder  it 
is  the  college  girl’s  favorite.  Pattern 
sizes  are  10  to  20.  Size  16,  2%  yds. 
39-in.  fabric  for  dress;  1%  yds.  for 
dickey. 

APRON-FROM- A-YARD  -  OF  -  FAB- 
A  RIC  No.  3172  is  both  thrifty  and  be¬ 
coming.  Pattern  comes  in  only  one 
size,  suitable  for  sizes  12  to  20.  Re¬ 
quires  1  yd.  36-in.  fabric,  2 y2  yds.  bind¬ 
ing. 

GIRL’S  JUMPER  OUTFIT  No.  3100 
offers  opportunity  to  use  bright  colored 
flannel  or  novelty  cotton  for  the  sus¬ 
pender  skirt;  using  a  change  of 
blouses,  young  daughter  can  always 
look  fresh.  Pattern  sizes  are  6  to  14. 
Size  8,  1  ys  yds.  39-in.  fabric  for  blouse; 
D/i  yds.  54-in.  for  jumper. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address, 
pattern  size  and  number  clearly  and 
enclose  15c  in  stamps.  Address  Pat¬ 
tern  Dept.,  American  Agriculturist,  10 


North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 
Add  12c  for  a  copy  of  our  new  Spring 
Fashion  Book. 


Today  in 

Aunt  Janet's  Carden 


How  to  Root  House  Plants 

Is  it  possible  for  the  amateur  to  root 
house  plants?  I  have  tried  but  without 
much  success  and  now  when  I  see  the 
lovely  plants  in  other  homes  I  want  to 
try  again  to  have  some. — S.  F. 

ROOTING  PLANTS  is  really  not  too 
difficult  if  done  under  the  right 
conditions.  A  cutting  is  eager  to  live 
and  if  given  encouragement  grasps 
every  opportunity  to  do  so.  Towards 
Spring  the  urge  to  live  is  tremendous, 
and  therefore  it  is  a  good  time  to  take 
cuttings  or  slips. 

A  fairly  cool  room  of  even  tem¬ 
perature  and,  very  important,  sufficient 
humidity,  is  just  about  ideal.  Of  course 
there  must  be  sufficient  light  after  the 
root  growth  has  started.  Clean,  pure 
sand  is  best  under  greenhouse  condi¬ 
tions,  but  in  the  home  (which  is  apt  to 
be  drier)  it  is  better  to  use  a  mixture 
of  5  parts  of  sand  and  one  part  of 
clean  soft-wood  sawdust  or  one  part 
of  well  pulverized  fiber  or  peat  moss. 
This  holds  moisture  better.  The  best 
vessel  to  use  for  ordinary  cuttings  is  a 
low  bulb  pan  filled  to  the  rim  with 
this  mixture  which  is  moistened  well 
before  starting. 

Certain  plants  root  easily,  philoden¬ 
dron,  peperonia,  begonia,  and  so  on. 
Use  tip  growths  which  are  neither 
tough  and  woody  nor  soft  and  succu¬ 
lent.  The  cut  should  be  made  with  a 
sharp,  clean  knife  about  y8  of  an  inch 
below  a  node  or  joint;  also  remove  all 
except  one  or  two  of ,  the  top  leaves 
and  if  these  are  large,  cut  them  back 
about  one-half  to  avoid  wilting. 

Make  a  hole  with  a  pencil,  or  a 
trench  with  a  plant  label  and  put  in 
the  cuttings.  Press  the  sand  firmly 
around  them  and  when  the  bulb  pan  is 
filled,  water  well  so  there  will  be  no 
air  pockets  left. 

Cover  the  cuttings  with  a  pane  of 
glass,  or  better  still  with  a  glass  globe, 
with  3  or  4  little  blocks  of  wood  about 
1  y2  inches  high  underneath  the  globe 
so  that  fresh  air  may  enter.  At  night 
remove  these  blocks  to  prevent  too 
great  a  change  in  temperature.  If  the 
glass  collects  too  much  moisture  it  may 
be  wiped  off  from  time  to  time.  Any 
watering  or  light  spraying  should  be 
done  in  the  morning  rather  than  in  the 
afternoon. 

Geranium  cuttings  do  better  if  they 
lie  in  a  dry  place  for  a  couple  of  days 
in  order  that  the  cut  surface  may  dry 
off.  Otherwise  if  put  into  the  sand  as 
soon  as  cut,  decay  is  apt  to  set  in. 

One  plant  which  is  ready  to  make 
roots  any  day  and  any  month  of  the 
year  is  wandering  jew,  or  tradescantia. 
It  can  be  put  directly  into  good  garden 
soil  which  has  a  little  sand  added,  and 
within  4  or  5  days  will  begin  to  grow. 

— a.  a. — 

Having'  a  Valentine  Party? 

For  that  Valentine  party  or  gift  box, 
why  not  use  this  frosting?  Of  course 
the  cookies  must  be  cut  with  a  heart- 
shaped  cutter.  Use  your  best  recipe 
for  plain  sugar  cookies. 

VALENTINE  FROSTING 

2  tablespoons  butter  4  tablespoons  cream 

2  cups  powdered  sugar  I  teaspoon  vanilla 

I  teaspoon  red  vegetable  coloring 

Cream  butter  and  blend  in  sugar; 
mix  to  a  creamy  smoothness  with  the 
cream.  Add  vanilla  and  coloring. 
Spread  on  the  cookies  and,  just  before 
the  frosting  has  hardened,  trace  an 
arrow  lightly  across  the  heart  with  a 
toothpick.  Fill  in  the  depression  made 
by  the  toothpick  with  tiny  silver  or 
chocolate  candies.  Names  may  be  sub¬ 
stituted  for  the  arrows. 


This  glorious  array  of  delicious  baked  goods  was  made  with 
five  pounds  of  dough.  You  can  easily  duplicate  it.  Complete 
recipe  and  procedure  sent  free.  Write  to  Northwestern  Yeast 
Co.,  Dept.  AA,  1750  N.  Ashland  Avenue,  Chicago,  Illinois. 


"I  GOT  THE  GRANDEST  SURPRISE 
WHEN  I  MADE 


otdt)  qfrj 

Actual  cost  of  all  ingredients , 
usina  nationally  advertised  brands. 


fZOM  O/VC 
OF  AfdPE 

M//7W  FdFf0V$ 

MM*, 

yeAsrf 


’'TIKE  A  LOT  OF  PEOPLE,  I  was  more  than  a 
L  little  disturbed  about  increasing  food 
prices.  With  two  growing  boys  with  appe¬ 
tites  like  'young  wolves,’  besides  a  hus¬ 
band  who  does  the  kind  of  work  that  calls 
for  substantial  meals,  skimping  was  out  of 
the  question. 

"A  magazine  article  on  home  baking  and 
the  savings  it  makes,  set  me  to  thinking. 
Out  came  the  old  cook  book.  Um-m,  why 
not  try  it?  Looks  easy  enough.  Must  get 
some  yeast. 

"At  the  corner  grocery  I  met  up  with 
Hi-Speed  Maca  — a  new  kind  of  yeast,  they 
said,  'Keeps  without  refrigeration  —  acts  fast 
too!’  It  sounded  good,  but  I  didn’t  know 


how  good  it  actually  was  till  I  tried  it.  Mar- 


F AST- ACTING 
QUICK- MSI  NG 
GRANULAR 


velous!  Here  was  I  — more  or  less  an  ama¬ 
teur  at  home  baking  — with  the  grandest 
array  of  bread  and  rolls  I’d  ever  seen.  Total 
cost  for  all  ingredients  only  41c! 

"And  you  should  have  heard  the  cheers 
from  the  family!  Boys,  (between  mouthfuls), 
'Um  Mom— swell!’  Husband.  Haven’t  tasted 
such  grand  old-fashioned  flavor  in  years!’ 
Me:  'Maca  is  my  yeast  from  now  on!’ 

"And  it  is!  Hi-Speed  Maca  Yeast  has  a 
regular  place  in  my  pantry— have  a  supply 
on  hand  always.  Keeps  for  weeks.  You 
should  use  Maca,  too.  And  if  you  haven’t 
been  baking  at  home,  try  it.  You’ll  love  it 
and  the  savings  really  ’mount  up.  Your  gro¬ 
cer  has  Maca  Yeast.” 


KB  EPS 
WITHOUT 
RBFRIGBPA  TtON 


Amazing  Cough 
Relief,  Mixed 
In  Your  Kitchen 

Saves  Big  Dollars.  No  Cooking. 

Yes  ma’am,  right  in  your  own  kit¬ 
chen,  you  can  easily  mix  a  cough  medi¬ 
cine  that  is  a  wonder  for  quick  results, 
and  gives  you  about  four  times  as 
much  for  your  money.  And  it’s  no 
trouble — a  child  could  do  it. 

You’ll  need  a  syrup.  Make  it  by  stir¬ 
ring  2  cups  of  granulated  sugar  and  <?ne 
cUp  of  water  a  few  moments,  until  dis¬ 
solved.  No  cooking  needed. 

Now  get  2%  ounces  of  Pinex  from 
any  druggist,  and  pour  it  into  a  pint 
bottle.  Then  add  your  syrup.  There  you 
have  a  full  pint  of  really  remarkable 
medicine  for  coughs  due  to  colds.  It 
lasts  a  family  a  long  time,  and  tastes 
fine — children  love  it. 

And  does  it  do  the  work!  You’ll  say 
it  beats  anything  you  ever  tried.  It 
loosens  the  phlegm,  soothes  the  irritated 
membranes,  and  helps  clear  the  air 
passages.  Eases  the  soreness,  and  lets 
you  rest  at  night. 

Pinex  is  a  special  compound  of  proven 
ingredients,  in  concentrated  form,  well 
known  for  prompt  action  on  throat  and 
bronchial  membranes.  Money  refunded 
if  it  doesn’t  please  you  in  every  way. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
It  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


FALSE 

TEETH 


As  Low  As  $7.95 

Per  Plate.  DENTAL 
PLATES  made  in  our 
own  laboratory  from  TOUR  Personal  impression.  WORK- 
M  ANSHIPand  MATERIAL  GUARANTEED  or  PURCHASE 
PRICE  refunded.  We  take  this  risk  on  oor  60-day  trial  offer. 


Do  Not  Send  Any  Money  material  and  catalog  of 

our  LOW  PRICES.  DON’T  PUT  IT  OFF— Write  us  today  I 


BRIGHTON'THOMAS  Dental  Laboratory 
-'Dept.  1083  6217  S.  Hoisted  Street.  Chicago,  III. 


POST  YOUR  FARM 

AND  KEEP  TRESPASSERS  OFF. 

We  can  supply  you  with  signs,  printed  on  heavy, 
coated  cloth,  that  meet  legal  requirements. 
Write  for  prices. 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST, 

10  North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie.  N.  t. 


NOW- 

&  OUNCES  m 
IZ  OUNCES  150' 
2$  ounces  25k 


•  New  Davis  Cook 
Book  makes  baking 
sure  and  simple  with 
21  Master  Pattern 
Baking  Formulas. 
80  pages  beautifully 
illustrated.  Yours 
for  10c  and  a  label 
from  a  can  of  Davis; 
Baking  Powder. 


DAVIS 

COOK  BOOK 

R.B.DavisCo.,  Hoboken,  N.J. 

I  enclose  10c  and  label  from 
a  can  of  Davis  Baking  Powder 
for  my  copy  of  Davis  Master 
Pattern  Baking  Formulas. 


1  Citv 

State 

L 

(132)  26 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


sw 

#£UO  70 
A  8ARC/7M 


fo'ooanW*? 
sheep" 


■lv, 

B 

$ 

I 

i 


**  .  in. 
refresbmg  •  •  * 

’  milk  not  only 
nrst,  but  supply 

minerals!  And  a 

,s  just  before  going 

*s  •*  pt  to  sound. 

1PS  C  °  Next  time 
a  jiffy-  Ne*  , 

\s— drink  trulk! 

eofNev.VorkSays: 

FY  THIRST 
|FY  HEALTH 

10 {01#/ 

gSS— 

Nature’s  cheapest 
on  complete  lood 

Pertect  tor 

ior  whole  tamtlV 

ce 

oMri  meal 
PLANNER  ••  A* 

8Tuo-c°at- 

dna.  daily  menus,. 

re^CRedpe^?or 
'Sard  vn*  y°ur 
>: 

publicly* 

N.V. 

5f  the  s1ATE 


Our  Sons  Are  On  the  March 

( Continued  from  Page  1) 


I  talk  only  with  Franklin,  and  Franklin 
talks  only  with  God.” 

Imagine  a  young  German  soldier 
saying  that  about  Hitler!  But  free 
speech  is  one  of  the  privileges  of  De¬ 
mocracy. 

One  group  of  these  youngsters  had 
just  volunteered  in  the  Navy.  They 
were  not  yet  in  uniform,  and  looked 
as  if  they  were  just  out  of  high  school. 
The  young  officer  with  them,  not  much 
more  than  a  kid  himself,  was  apparent¬ 
ly  rather  overwhelmed  with  his  respon¬ 
sibility  of  keeping  these  fellows  in  or¬ 
der.  He  told  me  that  one  of  them  ask¬ 
ed  him: 

“What’s  the  sea  like  anyway?  I 
never  saw  a  body  of  water  larger  than 
that  in  the  washbowl  at  home.” 

I  talked  with  another  group  of  young 
soldiers  who  told  me  they  had  just 
been  home  on  furlough,  and  boy,  how 
they  did  welcome  a  chance  to  talk 
about  home!  Most  of  them  didn’t  eat 
in  the  dining  car  either.  Instead,  at 
meal  time  they  brought  out  big  lunch 
boxes,  and  I  could  just  imagine  the 
love  and  care  with  which  mothers,  sis¬ 
ters,  and  sweethearts  had  packed  those 
lunches.  I  could  put  myself  in  the  place 
also  of  those  lonesome  fathers  and 
mothers  back  home,  and  know  that 
not  all  of  the  sacrifice  is  made  by  the 
boys  in  the  front  lines.  The  boys  are 
young,  and  they  have  some  excitement 
and  adventure,  but  the  folks  back  home 
just  wait,  and  work,  and  pray. 

I  am  disturbed  at  the  apparent  in¬ 
difference  of  many  good  citizens  about 
this  war.  Many  do  not  realize  the  ex¬ 
tent  and  danger  of  the  crisis  we  are  in. 

And  if  this  realization  does  not  come 
soon,  it  may  come  too  late.  At  least 
the  indifference  and  unwillingness  to 
sacrifice  may  delay  the  outcome  of  the 
war  for  years,  and  make  the  cost  both 
in  money  and  men  more  than  we  can 
pay.  In  the  quiet  and  peace  of  our 
homes,  in  going  about  our  everyday 
business,  the  war  seems  to  be  a  thing 
dim  and  far  away,  even  though  it 
brings  new  problems  to  all  of  us  every 
day.  Not  even  the  news  that  headlines 
the  newspapers  and  roars  out  of  the 
radio  seems  real.  For  one  thing,  the 
war  is  so  colossal,  so  beyond  human 
understanding  or  imagination,  that  it 
passes  over  the  heads  of  many  of  us. 

But  one  only  has  to  travel  to  have 
it  brought  home  to  him  that  we  are  at" 
war.  Not  only  are  the  trains  packed 
with  our  sons  on  the  march,  but  every 
factory  along  the  way  is  ablaze  with 
light,  and  their  chimneys  belch  black 
smoke  in  the  manufacture  of  all  those 
things  needed  to  equip  and  arm  and 
transport  these  boys.  On  the  way  I  said 
to  Mrs.  Eastman: 

“Our  troops  are  on  the  move.  Some¬ 
thing  big  is  going  on  in  this  country 
that  the  people  don’t  know  about  be¬ 
cause  it  is  a  military  secret.” 

A  day  or  two  later  the  secret  was 
out,  and  the  newspapers  announced 
that  more  than  600,000  trained  troops 
had  been  shifted  by  the  War  Depart¬ 
ment  in  seven  weeks.  We  know  now 
that  in  addition  to  those  travelling  to 
camps  and  on  furlough,  some  of  those 
boys  went  to  Ireland,  and  thousands 
of  others  to  other  war  areas. 

Every  important  railroad  bridge  and 
most  of  the  public  buildings,  particul¬ 
arly  in  Washington,  are  guarded  by 
armed  soldiers,  patrolling  back  and 
forth,  day  and  night.  I  saw  one  rail¬ 
road  bridge  in  Washington  over  the 
Potomac  guarded  by  a  navy  boat,  by 
machine  guns,  and  by  anti-aircraft 
guns.  What  memories  of  old-time  stor¬ 
ies  that  historic  Potomac  River  brought 
to  my  mind.  Riding  on  the  train  into 
Washington  crowded  with  soldiers,  and 
later  crossing  the  Potomac,  I  thought 
of  another  war  time  when  Father  was 
on  one  of  those  troop  trains,  and  I  re¬ 
membered  the  story  he  told  me  once  of 


his  swimming  the  Potomac  River  dur¬ 
ing  the  Civil  War.  As  I  saw  those 
soldiers  and  sailors  everywhere,  and 
had  pointed  out  to  me  some  of  their 
barracks  and  camps,  I  recalled  other 
stories  of  those  days  of  ’61  when  all  of 
the  North  was  crying  “On  to  Rich¬ 
mond!  On  to  Richmond!”  And  how 
finally  President  Lincoln  and  his  War 
Department  yielded  against  their  own 
judgment  to  that  cry,  and  set  their 
half  trained  army  on  the  march  out  of 
Washington  toward  Richmond.  That 
Union  army  was  met  by  the  better 
trained  boys  from  the  South  at  the 
Battle  of  Bull  Run,  not  very  far  from 
Washington,  and  retreated  in  disaster. 
The  North  had  not  yet  realized  what 
many  of  us  don’t  seem  to  realize  today 
— the  fact  that  war  is  a  gigantic  under¬ 
taking.  Particularly  is  this  the  case 
when  it  is  necessary  to  fight  a  war  in 
two  oceans,  and  to  move  troops  and  all 
the  necessary  mechanical  equipment 
thousands  of  miles  across  both  the  At¬ 
lantic  and  the  Pacific.  Everybody  with 
whom  I  talked,  and  they  were  many, 
were  unanimous  in  the  opinion  that 
we  must  prepare  for  a  long  war. 

Yes,  sir,  America  is  on  the  march, 
America  is  at  war.  If  you  don’t  believe 
it,  you  should  visit  war-mad  Washing¬ 
ton.  But  don’t  visit  it  unless  you  have 
to,  for  it  is  truly  a  mad  city.  In  the 
past  25  years  I  have  made  many  busi¬ 
ness  trips  to  Washington  to  help  do 
something  for  farmers.  I  have  always 
been  impressed  with  our  capital  city, 
even  in  peacetime,  as  a  hectic,  abnorm¬ 
al  place.  People  there  seem  to  take 
themselves  and  their  causes  too  ser¬ 
iously.  Everyone  seems  to  have  the 
feeling  that  everything  done  or  not 
done  in  Washington  is  vital.  There  is 

always  a  crisis  on.  Stay  around  Wash¬ 
ington  a  few  days  and  you  catch  the 
same  feeling.  It  only  leaves  you  after 
you  have  shaken  the  dust  of  the  capital 
city  from  your  boots  and  got  away, 
from  it.  Well,  if  that  was  true  in  peace¬ 
time,  it  is  a  hundred  times  worse  in 
war.  I  was  down  there  often  in  the 
interests  of  farmers  during  the  first 
World  War,  and  I  have  never  forgotten 
the  excitement  that  prevailed  there 
then.  It  is  just  the  same  now,  only 
worse.  Several  hundred  thousand  new 
residents  have  poured  into  the  city  to 
take  war  time  jobs.  In  order  to  get 
help,  I  was  informed  that  even  upper 
class  high  school  students  are  hired. 
The  pay  is  excellent,  but  the  hours  are 
long  and  hard,  and  there  is  no  pay  for 
overtime.  Living  expenses  and  other 
costs  are,  of  course,  very  high.  To  se¬ 
cure  pullman  or  hotel  accommodations 
either  in  Washington,  and  to  a  lesser 
extent  in  other  cities,  is  a  job  you  want 
to  get  at  a  long  time  before  you  plan 
to  travel.  Automobile  traffic  in  the 
capital  city  is  a  nightmare.  Great  new 
temporary  office  buildings  covering 
acres  are  going  up,  rents  are  high. 

Son  George  and  his  wife  Eleanor 


/  / 

//////// 

_ 

• - 

fb 

^(v 

A/ 

n 

<// 

■Mm 

“Don’t  bother  showing  it,  to  him 
now  —  he  jiASt  got  American  Agricul¬ 
turist ” 


both  work  in  Washington.  To  secure 
a  little  apartment  in  which  to  live,  it 
was  necessary  for  them  to  go  several 
miles  out  of  the  city.  Near  where  they 
live  is  an  army  aviation  field.  All  day 
and  most  of  the  night,  planes  roar  over 
their  house,  so  close  that  when  they 
pass  you  cannot  hear  the  radio  or  even 
talk  with  one  another.  We  are  at  war! 

But  one  cannot  be  serious  all  of  the 
time.  That  goes  particularly  for  my 
sons,  for  whom  I  have  never  set  a  very 
good  example  in  dignity.  One  night 
while  we  were  in  George’s  Washington 
apartment,  there  was  the  sound  of  a 
siren  on  an  ambulance  or  fire  engine 
going  by  on  a  distant  street.  George 
turned  out  the  lights  and  said,  “Black- 

(DOUBLE 

Your  War  Effort 

BUY  DEFENSE  BONDS 

—■  .  ^.—ii  .  .  M 

out!”  We  stood  perfectly  still  for  a 
couple  of  minutes  listening  for  the 
possible  crash  of  enemy  bombs,  and 
didn't  realize  George’s  little  joke  until 
we  saw  that  the  neighbors’  lights 
around  us  were  still  on.  Pray  God  that 
we  in  America  may  be  spared  the 
bombs.  They  are  within  the  grim  pos¬ 
sibilities  though.  Americans  are  going 
down  to  the  sea  in  ships  right  off  our 
shores  almost  every  day. 

During  our  entire  trip,  the  weather 
was  almost  ideal.  In  Washington  the 
sun  shone,  the  lawns  were  quite  green, 
and  it  seemed  like  spring.  After  the 
Cornell  Trustees’  meeting  in  New  York 
on  Saturday  morning,  I  had  lunch, 
drove  to  LaGuardia  Airport,  boarded 
Mr.  Frank  Gannett’s  plane,  and  landed 
in  Ithaca — a  distance  of  307  miles  by 
train,  less  of  course  by  air — just  as 
hour  and  a  quarter  later.  It  was  a  re¬ 
markably  warm,  sunshiny  day  for  win¬ 
ter,  with  no  snow  on  the  ground,  and 
a  soft  blue  haze  covering  the  country¬ 
side.  The  hills  and  valleys  of  our  old 
beloved  northeastern  farm  country, 
dotted  with  farms  and  farm  homes, 
passed  below  us,  and  Frank  and  I 
spoke  of  how  difficult  it  was  for  those 
who  live  in  such  quiet,  peaceful  sur¬ 
roundings  to  realize  the  awful  crisis 
that  besets  the  world.  But  we  also 
agreed  that  our  people,  all  of  them, 
must  become  immediately  aware  of  the 
great  fires  that  threaten  to  consume 
everything  we  hold  dear,  so  that  we 
may  unite  in  work  and  sacrifice  to  put 
them  out. 

—a. a. —  ' 

Surplus  Whpat  for  North¬ 
eastern  Livestock 

( Continued  from  Page  13) 

ingredient  is  included  in  the  mixture. 
For  poultry,  whole  wheat  can  make 
up  as  much  as  50%  of  the  scratch 
feed,  and  at  least  25%  of  ground  wheat 
can  be  included  in  the  poultry  mash, 
due  consideration  being  given,  of 
course,  to  the  protein  content  of  the 
entire  ration.  „ 

This  decision  to  sell  wheat  on  which 
government  loans  have  been  made  to 
western  farmers  in  previous  years  is  a 
real  break  for  northeastern  farmers. 
It  gives  them  an  opportunity  to  build 
up  their  feed  inventory  at  a  price 
which  is  not  likely  to  be  equaled  so 
long  as  the  war  continues.  With  the 
possibility  of  taking  advantage  of  a 
deal  like  this,  there  should  be  no 
trouble  in  securing  credit  where  it  is 
needed  from  local  Production  Credit 
Associations.  The  important  thing  is  to 
act  quickly.  We  may  run  into  trans¬ 
portation  tie-ups  later.  Besides  that, 
it  is  rumored  that  wheat  growers  in 
northwestern  states,  believing  that  it 
will  hurt  the  price  they  get  for  milling 
wheat,  are  none  too  happy  about  the 
situation.  Undoubtedly  they  will  bring 
pressure  to  bear  on  their  Congressmen 
to  get  the  program  changed. 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


27  (133) 


Penbowod 


Letters  to  Linda 
and  Bob 

Every  young  person  who  has  a 
problem  that  he  or  she  would  like 
Lucile’s  advice  on  is  invited  to 
write  her.  Address  Lucile,  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist,  Box  367,  Ithaca, 
N.  Y.  Whatever  your  problem, 
write  Lucile  and  she’ll  discuss  it 
in  her  new  series  of  letters  to 
Linda  and  Bob.  BE  SURE  TO 
SIGN  YOUR  REAL  NAME  AND 
ADDRESS. 

Of  course,  any  reader  of  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist — young  or  old — 
may  write  Lucile  for  advice  on 
problems  of  a  personal  nature.  For 
a  prompt,  personal  reply,  send 
stamped,  self-addressed  envelop. 


Bob  Doesn’t  Drink 

{This  is  the  first  in  our  series  of  letters 
to  Boh  .  .  .  that  young  farm  hoy  who 
writes  for  help  on  his  problems.) 

Dear  Lucile :  A  girl  that  I  know  in 
town  has  invited  me  to  a  birthday  party 
at  her  home.  I’ll  be  the  only  farm  boy 
there  and  not  well  acquainted  with  the 
other  guests  and,  of  course,  I  want  to 
make  a  good  impression.  Will  you 
straighten  me  out  on  some  points? 

First :  What  would  be  appropriate  to 
take  her  as  a  gift?  I’ve  taken  her  to  a 
couple  of  basketball  games  and  we  some¬ 
times  “coke”  together  after  school,  but 
we’re  not  really  “going  steady.” 

Second :  I’ve  heard  that  her  crowd 
(some  of  whom  are  older  than  we  are) 
sometimes  go  out  to  taverns  after  their 
parties,  and  the  older  boys  buy  drinks. 
I  don’t  drink,  but  I  don’t  want  to  “wet 
blanket”  the  party.  What  should  I  do  if 
they  plan  to  go  on  to  some  such  place? 
I  couldn’t  refuse,  as  my  hostess’  escort, 
could  I? — Bob.  i 

Bob,  I  shall  try  to  answer  your  ques¬ 
tions.  First,  I  should  think  some  in¬ 
expensive  gift,  like  a  compact,  a  box  of 
candy,  stationery  or  a  writing  port¬ 
folio  would  be  appropriate  gifts.  Be 
guided  largely  by  her  tastes,  remem¬ 
bering  the  rule  of  nothing  personal, 
such  as  wearing  apparel,  and  nothing- 
expensive  as  jewelry. 

And  now  the  second  and  harder  ques¬ 
tion.  My,  oh,  my  .  .  .  how  I  wish  boys 
and  girls  wouldn’t  ask  me  such  tough- 
ies  as  “to  drink  or  not  to  drink”  .  .  . 
“to  pet  or  not  to  pet”  .  .  .  etc.  Makes 
me  feel  so  heavily  responsible. 

If  you  were  over  21,  Bob,  my  ad¬ 
vice  on  this  point  might  be  a  bit  dif¬ 
ferent.  But,  in  your  case,  I  think  that 
you  could  decline  to  go,  even  though 
you  are  the  hostess’  “special  man.” 
Here’s  why: 

In  the  first  place,  you  and  this  girl 
are  in  high  school  and  obviously  under 
age,  so  you  can’t  legally  be  sold  liquor. 
Your  older  friends  will  probably  try 
to  have  you  lie  about  your  age,  which 
would  make  you  a  law-breaker.  That 


“Eddie,  you  haven’t  kissed  me 

once  since  you  started  fixing  that 

horrid  tire!" 


P tVobl&flA, 

you  wouldn’t  be  happy  about.  In  the 
second  place,  this  girl  is  somewhat  dis¬ 
courteous  to  invite  friends  to  her  home 
for  a  party,  then  transfer  the  festivi¬ 
ties  somewhere  else. 

Also,  places  that  will  admit  minors 
are  not  likely  to  be  high  class  places, 
and  girls  wouldn’t  add  anything  to 
their  reputations  by  going  there.  And 
so  many  of  the  horrible  accidents  we 
read  about  happen  to  just  such  crowds 
as  yours  might  be  ...  a  gay  group 
loaded  in  a  car;  the  driver  with  prob¬ 
ably  more  liquor  than  his  youthful 
years  can  handle;  a  fast  train  at  a 
blind  crossing  or  a  head-on  collision 
with  another  car  .  .  ✓  and  life-time 
tragedy  and  grief  to  people. 

No,  Bob;  at  the  risk  of  having  my 
name  MUD  with  that  crowd,  I  don’t 
believe  I’d  go.  The  very  fact  that  you 
are  a  farm  boy  may  be  in  your  favor. 
Say  that  you  have  to  get  up  so  early 
that  you  must  get  your  full  quota  of 
“shut-eye.”  (That’s  true,  isn’t  it?) 
If  your  friend  acts  peeved,  don’t  argue 
with  her;  tell  her  you’ll  talk  it  over 
the  next  day.  Then  explain  your  stand 
...  if  she’s  the  right  sort  of  girl  she’ll 
admire  you  and  your  stock  will  rise. 
You  needn’t  lecture  .  .  .  make  it  a  mat¬ 
ter  of  good  sense,  which  it  is. 

I  hope  these  pointers  help  you  a  bit 
.  .  .  and  that  the  party  is  fun  and  the 
unpleasant  things  you  anticipate  won’t 
happen  at  all. — Lucile. 

*  *  * 

Break  Off 

Dear  Lucile :  I  am  nineteen  and  have 
been  going  with  a  boy  for  about  five 
months.  By  this  time  I  am  quite  sure 
I  could  never  love  him.  Don’t  you  think 
it  is  better  to  break  with  him  right  now? 
If  you  do  think  so,  what  is  the  better 
way,  by  telling  him  or  by  writing. — Betty. 

I  certainly  do  think  that  the  most 
honest  thing  for  you  to  do  is  to  tell 
this  young  man  that  you  are  not  inter¬ 
ested  in  him  in  a  way  that  could  ever 
lead  to  love  and  engagement  and  that 
in  fairness  to  both  of  you,  you  want 
to  break  off  now.  I  believe  to  tell 
him,  face  to  face,  would  be  kinder  than 
just  writing  him  a  note,  but  it  will 
take  more  courage  on  your  part. 

^  ^ 

Beware  of  a  Roving  Eye 

Dear  Lucile :  I  have  been  going  with  a 
fellow  for  a  few  months.  I  like  him  and 
he  says  he  loves  me,  too.  When  we  are 
alone  he  is  very  nice,  but  when  we  are 
out  he  flirts  and  winks  at  other  girls.  It 
makes  me  feel  cheap.  When  I  flirt  he  gets 
mad.  What  shall  I  do?  Should  I  tell  him 
about  it?  How  could  I  tell  him  in  a  way 
that  it  won’t  hurt  his  feelings?  Should  I 
believe  him  when  he  says  he  loy.es  me? 

— Doris. 

I  would  not  go  out  with  a  boy  who 
made  me  feel  cheap  by  winking  and 
flirting  with  other  girls,  and  1  think  I 
should  tell  him  so  and  not  worry  too 
much  about  it  hurting  his  feelings.  I 
certainly  wouldn’t  put  much  faith  in 
his  statement  of  love  if  he  acts  so  dis¬ 
courteous. 

— a.  a. — 

1942  Garden  Party 

( Continued  from  Page  3) 
flowers  on  about  16-inch  plants  to  grand 
advantage.  The  color  glows  both  out¬ 
doors  and  under  artificial  light. 

Zinnia  Royal  Purple,  a  big  double 
member  of  the  huge  dahlia-flowered 
group,  is  uniform  and  perfectly  double 
with  an  unusual  rich  color. 

Starlight  Rudbeckia  varies  some¬ 
what;  some  come  single  like  Helvedon 
Star;  most  are  semi-double  to  fully 
double  flowers.  The  color  is  from 
primrose  yellow  to  mahogany,  mostly 
bi-colors  and  with  mahogany  centers. 
Plants  are  branchy  and  bushy,  3  feet 
tall,  and  the  long  wiry  stems  are  ideal 
for  cutting. 


*  Per  Cake-  Vitamin  A — 3100  Units  (Int.)  Vitamin  Bi — 150  Units  [Int.) 
Vitamin  D— -400  Units  (Int.)  Vitamin  G  —  40-50  Units  (Sh.  Bout.) 


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(134)  28 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


THE  FARM  NEWS 

Cooperative  Fire  Insurance  Companies 
Do  Billion  Business 

By  E.  R.  EASTMAN 


AT  SYRACUSE  on  January  27  was 
held  one  of  the  best  meetings  of 
cooperatives  that  it  has  ever  been  my 
privilege  to  attend.  It  was  the  annual 
meeting  of  representatives  of  some  160 
town  and  county  cooperative  fire  in¬ 
surance  companies  in  the  State  of  New 
York. 

So  far  is  I  know,  these  are  the  old¬ 
est  continuously  successful  cooperative 
organizations  in  the  United  States. 
They  date  back  to  1880,  at  which  time 
the  first  meeting  was  held  in  the  old 
Empire  Hotel  in  Syracuse.  These  com¬ 
panies  carry  fire  insurance,  particu¬ 
larly  on  farm  property  in  the  State  of 
New  York,  of  nearly  one  billion  dollars. 

Of  outstanding  interest  at  that  meet¬ 
ing  was  the  reading  of  essays  by  the 
4-H  Club  winners  in  the  Fire  Preven¬ 
tion  Contest  that  has  been  conducted 
by  the  different  fire  insurance  compan¬ 
ies  during  the  past  year.  These  papers 
of  the  contestants  were  all  based  upon 
actual  inspections  of  farm  property 
made  for  the  purpose  of  discovering 
and  eliminating  any  known  fire  haz¬ 
ards.  The  young  people  throughout  the 
state  who  took  part  in  this  contest 
made  a  total  of  some  30,000  reports  of 
actual  fire  inspections  of  farm  build¬ 
ings.  Winners  of  the  cash  prizes  pre¬ 
sented  at  the  annual  meeting  were  as 
follows : 

Helen  Moore,  Onondaga  County 
Anna  E.  Ogden,  Niagara  County 
Bradley  Mitchell,  Cayuga  County 
Arby  Swift,  Allegany  County 

The  winning  essays  were  well  writ¬ 
ten  and  instructive,  and  the  whole  con¬ 
test  will  do  much  to  prevent  farm 
fires. 

In  speaking  at  this  annual  meeting, 
I  pointed  out  that  each  day  throughout 
the  year  in  the  Northeast  there  are  a 
total  of  at  least  three  or  four  barns 
and  one  or  two  farm  houses  burned. 
In  many  instances  these  buildings  just 
cannot  be  replaced,  therefore  that 
farm  goes  out  of  business.  Not  only 
is  there  a  tremendous  financial  loss, 
but  a  home  with  all  of  its  sentiment 
and  beautiful  associations  goes  up  in 
smoke.  Therefore  no  effort  is  too  great 
to  prevent  farm  fires.  Watch  future  is¬ 
sues  of  American  Agriculturist  for  fre¬ 
quent  suggestions  on  how  to  prevent 
fires. 

Prizes  for  the  essay  contest  were 
donated  by  the  New  York  Cooperative 
Underwriters  Farm  Department,  and 
were  presented  to  the  winners  by  Wil¬ 
liam  A.  Humphries  of  Delhi,  New 


York,  President  of  the  Cooperative 
Fire  Underwriters  Association  of  Al¬ 
bany,  New  York. 

Speakers  of  the  evening  were:  W.  J. 
Rich  of  Salem,  New  York,  Master  of 
the  New  York  State  Grange  and  my¬ 
self.  Frank  P.  Tucker  of  Albany  acted 
as  toastmaster. 

Business  sessions  with  the  reports  of 
officers  and  addresses  indicated  an  un¬ 
usually  successful  year  with  an  in¬ 
creased  interest  of  individual  compan¬ 
ies  in  organization  work. 

— a.  a. — 

A  New  Day  in  Farmer- 
Owned  Cooperative 
Distribution 

On  the  evening  of  January  28,  1942, 
I  sat  next  to  Ed.  Babcock  in  the  Rich¬ 
mond  Hotel  at  Batavia.  The  dining 
room  was  well  filled  with  farm  leaders, 
both  men  and  women,  and  civic-minded 
people.  The  occasion  was  the  celebra¬ 
tion  of  the  establishment  of  the  new 
GLF  Producer-Consumer  Market.  This 
is  a  retail  market  and  to  some  extent 
a  wholesale  market,  having  in  addition 
consumer  freezing  locker  units  for  rent. 
Babcock  decried  the  general  advertis¬ 
ing  policy  of  forcing  something  on  the 
public  by  ballyhoo  methods.  He  said 
that  “GLF  aspired  to  build  a  system 
that  would  pour  the  farmer’s  products 
into  consumption  and  thus  save  ex¬ 
pense,  ballyhoo  advertising  and  reluc¬ 
tant  consumer  acceptance.” 

As  I  listened  to  Babcock  unfold  his 
cherished  dream  and  express  his  con¬ 
fidence  in  C.  W.  Sadd  who  is  head  of 
Cooperative  GLF  Farm  Products  In¬ 
corporated,  there  came  into  my  heart 
the  realization  of  a  new  hope,  a  larger 
vision  of  a  new  way  of  life.  The 
greatness  of  this  newborn  hope  is  in 
its  simplicity.  It  is  simply  a  coordinat¬ 
ed  outlook  program  in  marketing,  com¬ 
bining  the  interests  of  the  producer, 
distributor,  and  consumer  all  in  one. 
I  know  the  plan  will  work  because  I 
and  many  other  farmers  have  used  it 
successfully  on  our  own  farms  and  in 
our  own  way  of  life.  This  is  the  way 
it  worked  for  me.  For  more  than  two 
decades  I  have  been  supplying  deficient 
minerals — lime  and  phosphorous  to  my 
land.  The  cows,  hens,  and  hogs  have 
eaten  the  hay,  corn,  and  grains  pro¬ 
duced  on  those  lands.  My  chilf-'en 
have  consumed  eggs,  pork,  and  milk 
and  the  fruit  produced  from  those 
lands.  My  children  are  all  six  to  eight 


inches  taller  and  healthier  than  I  am. 
Now,  Ed.  Babcock  has  a  scheme  to  ex¬ 
tend  the  benefits  of  this  way  of  life 
on  the  farm  to  the  people  in  the  vil¬ 
lages  and  cities.  And,  when  this  comes 
to  pass,  as  surely  it  will  come,  we  be¬ 
hold  a  new  race  of  men. 

Modern  research  facts  of  nutrition 
and  dietetics  relative  to  both  the  plant 
and  animal  kingdoms  will  be  the  basis 
of  our  new  civilization.  Ed’s  market¬ 
ing  scheme  is  not  at  all  complex.  It 
begins  simply  with  the  land  and  dis¬ 
tributes  directly  to  the  consumer 
through  our  farmer-owned  facilities 
and  distributes  a  product  we  will  have 
charged  and  supercharged  with  the 
elixirs  of  life.  This  new  way  of  nu¬ 
trition  and  life  will  drive  cancer  and 
disease  toward  the  background  and  de¬ 
velop  men  more  in  the  likeness  of 
their  Creator. 

Someone  will  say  that  the  research 
facts  of  nutrition  and  dietetics  are  not 
new.  I  agree  with  all  of  this;  but  I 
maintain  that  we  have  not  heretofore 
learned  to  distribute  our  new  discov¬ 
eries.  We  farm  people  hold  in  our 
hands  the  “to  be  or  not  to  be”  of  the 
greatest  progress  of  our  civilization 
and  we  must  realize  the  responsibility 
because  no  one  will  ever  do  for  us 
what  we  cannot  do  for  ourselves. 

This  GLF  Producer  Consumer  Dis¬ 
tribution  Plan  is  the  original  and  only 
one  in  existence.  There  is  none  other 
like  it.  It  may  well  be  the  foremost 
cooperative  venture  in  farm  products 
distribution  since  the  dawn  of  our 

civilization. 

The  faith  of  our  fathers  coming  down 
through  the  mind  of  Lincoln  who 

established  the  land  grant  colleges  and 
thus  down  through  the  minds  of  such 
research  workers  and  executives  as 

Warren,  Babcock,  Ladd,  Myers  and 

others  is  revealed  to  us  now  in  a  new 
hope  where  we  may  thus  again,  “Be¬ 
hold  in  the  bloom  of  the  apple  and  the 
violets  in  the  sward,  a  hint  of  the  old 
lost  beauty  of  the  garden  of  the  Lord.” 

— F.  W.  Beneway. 

—  A.  A. — 

Home  Gardens  for  Victory 

If  you  live  on  a  farm  or  in  a  vil¬ 
lage  where  you  have  a  garden  plot, 
this  is  the  year  to  grow  a  good  garden. 
Enthusiasts  who  advocate  plowing  up 
all  lawns  and  flower  beds  are  being 
discouraged.  P  .st  experience  has 
shown  that  enthusiasm  of  “paper  gar¬ 
deners”  is  high  in  February,  but  sinks 
to  a  low  depth  in  June  and  July.  Some 
garden  seeds  are  going  to  be  scarce, 
and  it  will  only  be  a  waste  to  plant 
seeds  and  then  let  the  weeds  choke 
them. 

At  the  invitation  of  L.  R.  Simons, 
Director  of  Extension  at  the  New  York 
State  College  of  Agriculture,  repre¬ 
sentatives  of  24  New  York  State  or¬ 
ganizations  met  in  Albany  recently  to 
talk  over  plans  for  a  state-wide  Vic¬ 
tory  Garden  program.  Their  aims  are 
expressed  in  these  terms:  an  adequate 
home  garden  on  every  farm,  and  for 
every  village  and  suburban  family  with 
suitable  land  and  experience.  Com¬ 
munity  and  school  gardens  will  be  en¬ 
couraged  where  desirable.  “Where  de¬ 
sirable”  means  competent  supervision 
to  see  that  there  is  a  harvest  of  vege¬ 
tables  instead  of  weeds.  What  is  an 
adequate  garden?  The  answer  is  a 
garden  that  furnishes  sufficient  fresh 
vegetables  for  the  table  during  the 
growing  season  and  a  surplus  to  can 
and  to  store  for  winter  use. 

But  let’s  get  back  to  the  plants.  A 
State  Garden  Council  was  formed, 
made  up  of  representatives  of  various 
organizations.  This  is  to  be  followed 
by  the  formation  of  County  Victory 
Garden  Councils.  In  many  counties, 
these  will  be  headed  up  by  County  4-H 
Club  Agents,  in  others  by  County 
Agricultural  Agents,  or  Home  Bureau 
Agents. 

The  aid  of  all  interested  organiza- 


Death  of  Leslie  Tanner 

We  of  American  Agriculturist 
pause  to  mourn  the  passing,  at 
his  home  at  Medina,  New  York, 
of  Leslie  Tanner,  an  excellent 
farmer,  a  well-known  fruit  grow¬ 
er,  an  officer  in  the  New  York 
State  Horticultural  Society  for 
many  years,  a  home-maker,  and 
a  friend. 

For  the  fine  apples  which  he 
grew,  Mr.  Tanner  received  many 
awards.  He  was  for  almost  a 
lifetime  a  prominent  Granger, 
serving  as  Master  of  the  Know- 
lesville  Grange,  and  Master  of 
the  Orleans  County  Pomona 
Grange.  He  was  a  Past  Presi¬ 
dent  of  the  Farm  Bureau  of  Or¬ 
leans  County,  and  was  an  active 
Farm  Bureau  member. 

We  extend  to  Mrs.  Tanner  and 
other  relatives  our  heart-felt 
sympathy. 

-  -  -  i»f 

tions  in  the  county  will  be  enlisted  to 
the  end  that  more  and  better  gardens 
will  be  grown  this  summer.  Helpful 
information  will  be  furnished  by  the 
State  College  of  Agriculture  under  the 
direction  of  Professor  H.  C.  Thompson, 
head  of  the  Vegetable  Crops  Depart¬ 
ment.  Professor  Albert  Hoefer,  As¬ 
sistant  4-H  Club  Leader,  was  named 
Secretary  of  the  State  Council,  and 
will  be  active  in  furnishing  help  to 
County  Councils. 

This  is  a  big  program  which  de¬ 
serves  the  support  of  every  reader  of 
American  Agriculturist.  By  doing  your 
part,  you  will  be  helping  to  win  the 
war,  your  family  will  be  better  nourish¬ 
ed,  and  you  will  be  able  to  cut  your 
budget  for  purchased  food. 

— a.  a. — 

4-A  Winners  for  1941 

Due  to  the  war  emergency,  no  Mas¬ 
ter  Farmers  are  being  named  by 
American  Agriculturist  in  New  York 
State  this  year.  Because  many  of  the 
candidates  for  the  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  Achievement  Awards  would  be 
ineligible  because  of  age  in  another 
year,  these  awards  are  being  continu¬ 
ed.  The  medals  are  being  presented  at 
a  Luncheon  for  New  York  State  Mas¬ 
ter  Farmers  at  12:00  on  Thursday, 
February  12,  in  the  Memorial  Room  of 
Willard  Straight  Hall,  Ithaca,  New 
York. 

Winners  of  the  Award  this  year  are 
as  follows: 

BOY  SCOUTS 

Robert  Suter,  Ontario,  Wayne. 
Robert  Huntington,  Westford,  Otsego 

FUTURE  FARMERS 

Louis  Dunckel,  Oxford,  Chenango 
Carl  Hill,  Route  1,  Corning,  Steuben 

JUVENILE  GRANGES 

Esther  Luffman,  Wolcott,  Wayne. 
Donald  Klotzbach,  Basom,  Genesee 

4-H  CLUB  MEMBERS 

Lois  Elmes,  Adams  Basin,  Monroe 
Robert  Turrell,  Route  2,  Susquehan¬ 
na  (Pa.),  Broome. 

— a.  a. — 

AGFIJ  Receives  Four 

Papers  on  the  future  of  agriculture 
were  presented  by  four  new  members 
at  the  Albany  meeting  of  the  Honorary 
Society  of  AGFU.  The  new  members 
are:  Dr.  C.  E.  F.  Guterman,  assistant 
director  of  research  at  the  State  Col¬ 
lege  of  Agriculture;  Halsey  B.  Knapp, 
director  of  the  State  Institute  of  Ap¬ 
plied  Agriculture,  Farmingdale;  G- 
Emerson  Markham,  director  of  agri¬ 
cultural  broadcasting,  station  WGY, 
and  Charles  H.  Williams,  Williamsville, 
chairman  of  the  Erie  County  Agricul¬ 
tural  Defense  Committee.  Thomas  E. 
Milliman,  chief  of  the  Agricultural 
Chemicals  Unit,  OPA,  will  preside  at 
the  annual  meeting  in  Ithaca  during 
Farm  and  Home  Week. 


A  Message  to  Farmers 
and  Their  Wives 

In  these  hectic  days,  city  folks  are  turning  to  the  peace  and 
quiet  of  a  farm  vacation. 

Do  you  think  you  can  accommodate  two  or  more  guests 
on  your  farm  next  summer?  If  you  can,  there  is  money  and 
pleasure  in  it  for  you. 

We  are  in  the  business  of  placing  city  folks  on  such  farms 
as  can  qualify  with  our  organization.  We  are  interested  in 
simple  farms  and  plain  farmers.  Our  plan  is  straightforward 
and  entails  not  a  cent  of  outlay  by  you. 

Those  interested  may  obtain  more  detailed  information  by 
writing  to  us. 

FARM  VACATIONS,  Inc. 

51  Chambers  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


29  (135) 


Cow  Prices 

Back  in  February,  1933,  the  average 
price  of  dairy  cows  in  New  York  State 
hit  the  bottom  at  $49.00,  Then  they 
began  to  climb.  In  December,  1940, 
average  price  was  $85.00;  and  in  De¬ 
cember,  1941,  $105.00.  Figures  are 
taken  from  “Farm  Economics,”  pub¬ 
lished  by  the  New  York  State  "College 
of  Agriculture. 

Usually  the  prices  dairymen  are  will¬ 
ing  to  pay  for  milk  cows  go  up  faster 
and  farther  than  prices  dairymen  re¬ 
ceive  for  milk.  For  example,  last  No¬ 
vember  dairymen  paid  about  88%  more 
for  milk  cows  than  they  averaged  to 
pay  in  November,  1910  to  1914.  At 
that  time,  they  received  58%  more  fob 
milk  sold  than  in  1910-14. 

Milk  prices  are  better  than  they 
have  been  in  recent  years,  but  it  is 
still  poor  business  to  pay  high  prices 
for  poor  cows.  It  is  more  than  usually 
important  to  check  production  records 
of  purchased  animals. 

— a.  a. — 

Crop  Yields 

During  the  last  five  years,  total  U.  S. 
crop  production  has  been  about  5% 
above  average.  While  New  York  State 
crops  in  1941.  were  below  average, 
U.  S.  production  was  the  second  best 
in  history,  1937  being  the  only  year 
when  production  topped  last  year. 

While  many  factors,  including  agri¬ 
cultural  conservation  practices  and 
better  seed,  had  an  effect,  favorable 
weather  was  the  biggest  factor. 

These  facts  compel  interest  when 
we  consider  that  1942  weather  may  be 
unfavorable  for  crops  in  a  year  when 
we  are  bending  every  effort  toward  in¬ 
creased  production.  It  is  expected 
that  acreages  of  some  crops  will  be 
bigger  than  last  year,  but  it  is  improb¬ 
able  that  weather  conditions  during  the 
next  five  years  will  be  as  favorable 
as  they  have  averaged  in  the  last  five. 
Therefore,  the  use  of  every  available 
practice  to  increase  production  is  im¬ 
portant.  This  includes  such  things  as 
better  seed,  seed  treatment,  control  of 
weeds,  adequate  fertilization,  and  con¬ 
trol  of  insects  and  diseases. 

— a.  a. — 

Ask  Milk  Changes 

The  Rochester  Cooperative  Milk 
Producers’  Bargaining  Agency  at  its 
annual  meeting  petitioned  Commission¬ 
er  Noyes  for  a  change  in  the  method 
of  voting  on  milk  order  amendments. 
It  is  opposed  to  voting  on  several 
amendments  collectively  and  favors  a 
separate  vote  on  the  merits  of  each 
proposed  amendment.  Officers  reelect¬ 
ed  included  Theodore  D.  Richards  of 
Perry,  president;  E.  C.  Strobeck, 
Macedon,  vice-president;  Harvey  R. 
Way,  Churchville,  treasurer,  and  Oscar 
G.  Smith,  Livonia,  secretary. 

— a.  a. — 

Boost  Production 

The  January  issue  of  “Farm  Eco¬ 
nomics,”  published  by  the  New  York 
State  College  of  Agriculture  has  this 
interesting  comment: 

“In  view  of  recent  war  develop¬ 
ments,  the  AAA  appropriations  for 
1942  should  be  paid  to  farmers  who  in¬ 
crease  production.  Soybean  oil  and 
cottonseed  oil,  lard,  and  other  fats  will 
be  sorely  needed  with  the  inevitable 
curtailment  of  imports  of  coconut  oil. 
This  would  call  for  an  expansion  in 
the  production  of  cotton,  soybeans,  and 
corn.  The  rapid  expansion  in  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  livestock  and  livestock  prod¬ 
ucts  in  response  to  the  demand  for 
‘food  for  England’  calls  for  an  increase 
in  the  production  of  all  feed  grains 
and  especially  corn. 

“The  AAA  program  should  be  a 
positive  one  —  to  encourage,  not  dis¬ 
courage,  production.  There  is  another 
reason  that  the  AAA  program  should 
be  reversed.  In  the  past,  it  has  been 
concerned  with  raising  prices  received 


by  farmers  by  reducing  production. 
However,  at  present,  the  nation  seems 
to  be  concerned  with  keeping  farm 
prices  down.  Hence,  the  former  basis 
for  the  AAA  has  disappeared.  To  be 
logical,  the  AAA  should  now  try  to 
keep  prices  down  by  increasing  pro¬ 
duction.” 

— a.  a. — 

IVo  Burdensome  Potato 
Supplies 

While  total  carlot  shipments  of  po¬ 
tatoes  have  been  running  below  figures 
on  comparable  dates  last  year,  ship¬ 
ments  from  late  states,  including 
Maine,  have  been  ahead  of  last  year. 
However,  in  Maine,  the  use  of  pota¬ 
toes  for  starch  has  been  way  behind 
last  year,  and  some  market  men  feel 
that  the  position  for  Maine  growers  is 
less  favorable  than  for  those  in  some 
other  important  late  potato  states. 

The  U.  S.  Department  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  estimates  that  potatoes  on  hand 
in  U.  S.  on  January  1  totaled  104,633,- 
000  bushels,  compared  with  111,693,000 
bushels  last  year  and  a  ten-year  aver¬ 
age  holding  of  103,191,000  bushels. 
New  York  State  reports  holdings  of 
9,146,000  bushels,  compared  to  8,885,000 
bushels  last  year. 

Consumption  of  potatoes  has  been 
heavy,  and  it  is  predicted  that  when 
figures  are  assembled,  they  will  show 
total  January  shipments  heavier  than 
for  any  recent  years. 

i  WGY  Farm  j 

|  Vfpl  PROGRAMS  | 

Monday,  February  16th 
12:35 — “That  February  Slump  in  the 
Henhouse,”  Prof.  R.  C.  Ogle. 

12:45 — “Rural  Education  in  the  News,” 
Francis  E.  Griffin. 

Tuesday,  February  17th 
12:35 — “The  Agricultural  Front,”  A.  W. 
Manchester. 

12:45 — Homemaker’s  Council,  “How  Can 
We  Build  Family  Morale?”  Washington 
County  Home  Bureau. 

Wednesday,  February  18th 
12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“The  Farmer’s  Partner  in  Defense,”  Ed 
W.  Mitchell. 

12  :45 — Countryside  Talk,  Prof.  Bristow 
Adams. 

Thursday,  February  19th 
12:35 — “How  Are  Your  Vitamins  Keep¬ 
ing?”  S'.  H.  Fogg. 

12:45 — Farm  Credit  Administration. 

Friday,  February  20th 
12:35 — “Farm  Produce  Prices  and  Why,” 
H.  D.  Phillips. 

12:45 — The  Home  Efficient,  “At  Home- 
24  Hours  on  Saturdays,”  J.  H.  Van  Aer- 
nam. 

Saturday,  February  21st 
12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “I  Believe 
in  the  Democratic  Way,”  Columbia  Coun¬ 
ty  (N.  Y.)  4-H  Clubs. 

12:45 — Grange  Views  and  News,  “The 
Nuisance  of  Voting,”  Montgomery  Po¬ 
mona  Grange. 

Monday,  February  23rd 
12:35 — “How  to  Save  on  Labor  Costs,” 
Dr.  J.  M.  Efferson. 

12:45 — “Not  All  the  Cherry  Trees  Were 
Chopped  Down,”  Herbert  P.  King. 

Tuesday,  February  24th 
12:35 — “There’s  Still  Time  to  Tune  Up 
the  Tools,”  E.  M.  Austin. 

12:45 — Homemakers’  Council,  “Is  There 
Time  for  Play  in  the  Emergency?”  Rens¬ 
selaer  County  Home  Bureau. 

Wednesday,  February  25th 
12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“The  Farmer’s  Partner  in  Defense,”  Ed 
W.  Mitchell. 

12:45 — Countryside  Talk,  “Don’t  Keep 
Your  Shirt  On !”  Dr.  Robert  Rienow. 

Thursday,  February  26th 
12:35 — “Insuring  That  Vital  Egg  Slip- 
ply,”  W.  S.  Mason. 

12 :45 — Agricultural  Adjustment  Ad¬ 
ministration. 

Friday,  February  27th 
12:35 — “The  Department  at  Work,”  Fos¬ 
ter  Potter. 

12:45 — The  Home  Efficient,  “At  Home — 
24  Hours  on  Sundays,”  J.  H.  Van  Aer- 
nam. 

Saturday,  February  28th 
12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “I  Believe 
in  Being  of  Service  to  Others,”  Benning¬ 
ton  County  (Vt.)  4-H  Clubs. 

12:45 — Grange  Views  and  News,  “What 
You  Can  Do  for  ‘Bundles  for  Britain,’  ” 
Schenectady  Pomona  Grange. 


^AMERICAN 

^AGRICULTURIST 


WHEELS  FOR  THE  ARMY:  Manufactured  by  the  CHRYSLER  COR¬ 
PORATION,  Detroit,  Michigan,  here  are 
three  pieces  of  equipment  for  our  armed  forces.  At  the  left,  the  cab-over-engine 
truck  hauls  supplies  for  our  constantly  expanding  defense  industries.  In  the  center 
is  an  M-3  Medium  31-ton  tank.  At  the  right  is  a  “Four-by-Four”  Army  truck.  The 
picture  was  taken  at  the  Detroit  Tank  Arsenal  just  after  the  equipment  had  been 
put  through  tests  on  the  adjacent  proving  ground. 


REMEMBER  PEARL  HARBOR 


REMEMBER?  Ten  thousand  large 
m—mmammum hmi  posters  like  the 
above  are  being  distributed  by  the  FIRE¬ 
STONE  TIRE  AND  RUBBER  COMPANY 
of  Akron,  Ohio.  They  are  intended  as 
constant  reminders  to  members  of  the 
Firestone  organization  of  their  responsi¬ 
bility  in  our  war  efforts. 

FOR  COOKS:  Here  is  a  chance  to 

get  an  80-page  cook 
book  for  10c.  It  is  printed  by  the  R.  B. 
DAVIS  COMPANY,  Hoboken,  N.  J.  To 
get  it,  use  the  handy  coupon  on  page  21 
of  the  January  31  issue.  Inclose  10c  and 
a  label  from  a  can  of  Davis  Baking 
Powder.  The  booklet  contains  21  master 
pattern  baking  formulas  which  can  be 
adapted  to  many  uses. 

MILKING:  “How  To  Get  Better 
Milking  Results”  is  the 
title  of  a  little  four-page  booklet  printed 
by  the  HINMAN  MILKING  MACHINE 
COMPANY,  Oneida,  N.  Y.  You  can  get  a 
copy  from  your  local  dealer  or  by  send¬ 
ing  a  post  card  to  the  company.  If  you 
live  in  western  New  York,  you  know  of 
the  Thomas  Indian  School  at  Iroquois. 
This  school  uses  a  Hinman  milker  in  the 
dairy  barn. 

TIMELY:  This  is  no  time  to  be  care- 
■■mhhhbi  less  —  a  fact  which  has 
particular  emphasis  as  applied  to  your 
car.  Your  present  one  may  have  to  last 
you  longer  than  you  ever  kept  a  car  be¬ 
fore.  The  STANDARD  OIL  CpMPANY 
OF  NEW  JERSEY  have  printed  a  book¬ 
let  called  “How  To  Lengthen  the  Life  of 
Your  Car  and  Save  Gasoline.”  Drop  in 
at  your  nearest  Esso  dealer  and  ask  for 
a  copy. 

CHICK-BUYING  TIME:  You 

can 

send  money  with  confidence  to  any  ad¬ 
vertiser  in  American  Agriculturist,  know¬ 
ing  that  if  your  order  cannot  be  filled, 
your  money  will  be  returned.  In  order¬ 
ing  chicks,  it  is  important  to  know  exact¬ 
ly  what  you  want.  Some  hatcheries  ad¬ 
vertise  chicks  where  the  breeding  stock 
has  been  blood  tested  for  Pullorum  un¬ 
til  no  reactors  are  found.  Other  hatch¬ 
eries  blood  test  breeders  and  remove  re¬ 


actors.  Naturally,  the  better  the  quality 
you  want,  the  more  you  will  have  to  pay 
for  them.  Order  your  chicks  now,  speci¬ 
fying  when  you  want  them  delivered. 

COW  HEALTH:  Healthy  cows  are 

the  ones  that  re¬ 
turn  a  profit.  “Home  Aids  to  Cow 
Health”  is  the  title  of  a  free  cow  book 
which  you  can  get  by  dropping  a  post 
card  to  DAIRY  ASSOCIATION  COM¬ 
PANY,  INC.,  Department  12,  Lyndonville, 
Vt.  * 

FUR:  If  you  trap  furs  as  a  sideline, 
rn—mmm  you  naturally  want  to  get  the 
top  price  for  your  catch.  “Tips  To 
Trappers,”  printed  by  the  Raw  Fur  Mar¬ 
keting  Department  of  SEARS,  ROEBUCK 
AND  COMPANY,  Chicago,  Illinois,  will 
help  you  to  dp  this.  It  is  .well  illustrated, 
gives  hints  and  suggestions  from  suc¬ 
cessful  trappers,  and  shows  by  illustra¬ 
tions  the  proper  steps  in  skinning, 
stretching,  and  drying  pelts. 

PLANS:  Before  a  building  is  con- 
ummmmmmmmmmmm  structed,  plans  must  be 
drawn.  That  is  why  the  service  of  the 
WEYERHAEUSER  SALES  COMPANY, 
2305  First  National  Bank  Building,  St. 
Paul,  Minnesota,  is  so  helpful.  For  ex¬ 
ample,  this  company  has  a  free  booklet 
on  housing  and  equipment  for  poultry. 
In  it,  you  will  find  49  plans  useful  to 
poultrymen.  An  easy  way  to  get  it  is  to 
use  the  coupon  on  page  9  of  the  January 
31  issue. 


HOT  WATER:  The  electric  heater 

shown  here  was 
designed  by  BABSON  BROTHERS  of 
Chicago  to  heat  water  for  the  milk  house. 
This  owner  found  it  so  convenient  that 
he  installed  a  duplicate  in  the  bathroom. 
When  cold  water  is  poured  into  the  reser¬ 
voir  at  the  top,  hot  water  eomes  out  of 
the  spout  at  thf  side. 


(136)  30 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


Kernels,  Screenings 

and  Chaff 

By  H.  E.  BABCOCK 


THIS  is  a  report  directly  from 
the  battlefield.  I  am  in 
Washington,  D.  C.,  where,  in 
the  closing  days  of  January, 
1942,  the  farmers  of  the  United 
States  were  administered  two  of  the 
soundest  lickings  in  their  entire 
history. 

Labor  Wins 

Aided  immeasurably  by  a  defec¬ 
tion  in  organized  farm  ranks,  the 
labor  crowd  forced  Congress  to 
eliminate  from  the  price  control  bill, 
any  consideration  of  wages  in  set¬ 
ting  ceilings  for  farm  prices.  The 
impacts  of  this  latest  victory  over 
agriculture  by  government-backed 
organized  labor  are ,  as  yet ,  felt 
only  here  and  there. 

As  time  goes  on,  however,  any 
agricultural  activity  which  has  to 
use  hired  labor  or  must  be  carried 
on  in  areas  where  there  is  great  de¬ 
mand  for  labor  will  feel  the  squeeze. 
With  farm  prices  confined  by  ceil¬ 
ings,  or  set  by  government  purchases 
and  sales  and  no  controls  on  wages, 
thousands  of  farmers  in  the  North¬ 
east  face  no  other  alternative  than 
to  curtail  production.  Meanwhile, 
labor  stands  to  get  more  and  more 
with  which  to  buy  farm  products, 
farm  products  kept  arbitrarily  low- 
priced  by  government  pressure. 

The  Administration  Wins 

The  Administration,  while  price 
control  legislation  was  under  con¬ 
sideration,  indicated  that  any  bill, 
which  required  that  wage  levels  be 
controlled,  or  taken  into  considera¬ 
tion  in  setting  farm  price  ceiling, 
would  be  vetoed.  This  probably 
was  only  a  threat. 

Actually,  the  Administration  did 
not  like  the  control  bill  which  the 
President  signed.  The  President, 
however,  did  not  have  to  resort  to  a 
veto  to  nullify  this  bill. 

All  his  agents  had  to  do,  and  this 
they  did,  was  to  announce  that 
farmers  would  have  to  be  satisfied 
with  parity  for  farm  products 
( without  wage  levels  being  con¬ 
sidered  in  determining  parity) 
and  that  they  would  see  to  it  that 
the  government  used  its  power  of 
buying  and  selling  in  the  market,  to 
keep  farm  prices  at  the  parity  level. 

By  this  simple  announcement, 
the  provision  of  110  per  cent  of  par¬ 
ity  for  farm  price  ceilings  (without 
wages  considered)  which  some  opti¬ 
mistic  farm  leaders  had  heralded 


across  the  country  as  a  great  farm 
victory,  died  as  dead  as  a  dodo  bird. 

Take  Your  Choice 

Price  ceiling  legislation,  so  far  as 
farmers  are  concerned,  has  turned 
out  much  like  the  paint  job  on 
Henry  Ford’s  cars  a  few  years  back. 
You  may  remember  that  Henry 
then  announced  that  buyers  could 
have  Fords  of  any  color,  so  long  as 
they  were  black. 

Through  the  price  control  legis¬ 
lation,  Congress  gives  farmers  sev¬ 
eral  formulas  for  setting  price  ceil¬ 
ings,  all  of  which  will  work  when 
they  meet  the  Administration’s  idea 
of  what  prices  should  be.  For  the 
present,  the  Administration’s  repre¬ 
sentatives  say  that  iiparity  without 
wage  levels ,  considered  in  deter¬ 
mining  it,  is  enough  for  farmers 
My  guess  is  that  only  a  food  short¬ 
age  will  make  the  Administration, 
with  its  close  labor  tie-up,  change 
its  mind. 

Price  Ceilings  Set 

With  what  seems  to  be  admirable 
poise  and  courage,  price  controls 
for  a  number  of  agricultural  com¬ 
modities,  are  already  being  put  into 
effect  by  Mr.  Henderson,  Secretary 
Wickard  and  their  agents. 

I  personally  believe  that  these 
men  are  acting  to  carry  out  the 
wishes  of  the  Chief  Executive.  Only 
time  will  prove  whether  or  not  his 
policies  in  regard  to  agricultural 

prices  are  sound.  In  the  interests 
of  national  unity,  even  though  they 
are  not  what  many  farmers  think 
they  should  be,  let  us  support  them 

as  long  as  we  can. 

*  *  * 

EARLY  PIGS 

The  spring  pig  score  at  Larchmont 
Farms  stands  at  34  on  the  first  of  Feb¬ 
ruary.  Four  sows  are  the  mothers. 

As  yet,  we  have  not  sold  any  of  last 
fall’s  pigs.  They  had  been  running  some 
30  of  them  with  around  20  Hereford 
heifers  in  the  basement  of  one  of  the 


Larchmont  barns.  They  have  had  free 
access  to  a  self  feeder  and  the  silage, 
the  chopped  clover  hay  and  the  grain 
Which  falls  out  of  the  heifers’  bunks. 
Handled  this  way,  these  pigs  have  done 
very  well. 

During  February,  we  plan  to  sell  the 
pigs,  the  heifers  and  bale  up  the  hay 
in  this  barn.  Part  of  this  hay  is  in  our 
ever-normal  hay  mow,  which  we  are 
going  to  liquidate  this  year  to  raise 
the  money  to  put  in  a  supply  of  corn 
and  wheat. 

POULTRY  FEED  NOTES 

I  have  previously  told  of  the  experi¬ 
ence  we  are  getting  feeding  our  laying 
hens  in  a  cheap  and  rather  simple  way. 

Briefly,  we  keep  oats,  wheat  and 
whole  corn  in  hoppers  before  our  birds 
all  the  time.  In  addition,  they  have 
access  to  a  high  protein  mash,  rein¬ 
forced  for  vitamins  and  carrying  plen¬ 
ty  of  minerals,  which  is  so  concentrat¬ 
ed  that  a  hen  need  make  it  but  10 
per  cent  of  her  ration,  even  when  she 
is  laying  heavily. 

In  addition,  we  feed  pea-green  cock- 
cured  leafy  alfalfa  hay  to  the  hens 
each  day,  and  occasionally  give  them 
a  salty,  wet  corn  meal  mash,  because 
it  is  impossible  to  get  their  salt  require¬ 
ments  into  them  through  the  small 
amount  of  mash  they  eat  each  day. 

Fed  in  the  above  manner,  our  birds 
perform  quite  satisfactorily.  The  reason 
we  are  interested  in  this  method  of 
feeding  is  that  we  foresee  periods  when, 
because  of  strikes,  transportation 
breakdowns,  possibly  bombing,  poul- 
trymen  will  not  be  able  to  buy  their 
usual  requirements  of  50  per  cent  of 
the  hen’s  total  feed  in  mash. 

In  addition,  we  can’t  for  the  life  of 
us  see  the  sense  of  shipping  alfalfa 
meal  into  New  York  State  when  we 
can  at  least  grow  all  of  the  nice  pea- 
green  alfalfa  hay  our  poultry  requires, 
or  of  cracking  corn  or  mixing  grains 
together  in  a  scratch  grain  for  a  hen 
to  pick  apart  a  grain  at  a  time. 

COW  FEED  NOTES 

Attending  farmer’s  week  at  the  Uni¬ 
versity  of  Wisconsin,  we  heard  some 
lectures  on  feeding  dairy  cows,  which 
certainly  opened  our  eyes.  These  lec¬ 
tures  were  the  more  interesting  to  us 
because  they  hit  on  some  situations 
which  northeastern  dairymen  will  prob¬ 
ably  have  to  face  and  figure  through, 
before  many  months  elapse. 

The  Wisconsin  experts,  in  effect,  said 
to  pay  no  attention  to  bulk  in  the 
dairy  feed.  As  long  as  the  mixture  met 
the  other  requirements  of  the  cow,  it 
wasn’t  worthwhile,  they  said,  worrying 
about  its  being  too  heavy.  Just  feed 
it  on  the  silage  and  the  cow  will  do  the 
rest. 

The  number  of  the  ingredients  in  the 
mixture  too,  the  Wisconsin  experts 
agreed,  wasn’t  important.  In  fact  one 
man  went  so  far  as  to  say  that  there 


were  lots  of  cows  which  would  do  bet¬ 
ter  if  they  only  got  all  the  corn  meal, 
or  the  corn  meal  and  oats  they  need¬ 
ed,  rather  than  their  present  rations 
of  not  enough  of  a  balanced  mixture  for 
their  requirements.  At  Sunny  Gables, 
we  have  already  laid  in  our  carload  of 
corn.  We  are  going  to  lay  in  some  gov¬ 
ernment  feed  wheat.  With  whole  corn 
and  wheat  on  hand,  if  we  have  to,  we 
may  grind  the  two,  mix  them  together, 
and  use  them  along  with  good  hay  and 
grass  silage  for  our  grain  ration  for 
all  our  livestock.  In  fact,  I  foresee 
where  we  may  have  to  do  this,  under 
conditions  which  may  develop. 

Incidentally,  our  old  steel  drums  are 
proving  perfect  for  the  storage  of  bulk 
feed  and  grain.  They  can  be  stacked 
two  high  by  two  men,  and  one  man 
can  roll  a  barrel  or  drum  of  feed  al¬ 
most  anywhere. 

LOOSE  COWS 

One  of  the  most  interesting  experi¬ 
ments  we  have  seen  in  a  long  time  was 
the  one  being  conducted  at  the  Uni¬ 
versity  of  Wisconsin  to  determine  the 
relative  cost  of  stabling  cows  and  of 
letting  them  run  loose.  In  addition  to 
this  figure,  determinations  are  also  be¬ 
ing  made  of  the  way  the  cows  produce, 
the  cleanliness  of  their  milk,  their  gen¬ 
eral  health,  etc. 

Two  equal  groups  of  cows,  taken 
care  of  by  the  same  men,  and  fed  the 
same  quality  feed,  are  in  the  experi¬ 
ment.  One  bunch  of  cows  is  stabled  in 
a  standard  dairy  barn,  with  two  rows 
of  cows  in  steel  stalls,  facing  out.  The 
other  bunch  runs  loose,  in  a  shed-like 
barn  which  wouldn’t  cost  more  than  a 
fraction  of  the  standard  cow  stable. 

I  was  interested  in  the  experiment 
because  at  Sunny  Gables  we  have  fol¬ 
lowed  the  practice  of  running  every¬ 
thing  loose  we  could,  for  several  years. 
Now,  the  chances  are,  that  we  will 
keep  some  of  our  Guernsey  heifers  and 
milk  a  small  herd  of  dairy  cows.  If  we 
do  this,  we  would  continue  to  let  these 
cows  run  loose  and  thus  avoid  build¬ 
ing  and  equipping  a  stable. 

From  what  I  saw  in  Wisconsin,  I 
am  encouraged  to  believe  that  it  would 
be  possible  to  do  this  successfully.  I 
did  note,  however,  that  all  of  the  cows 
in  the  Wisconsin  experiment  have  been 
dehorned. 

HORSES  FOR  POWER 

I  have  previously  mentioned  the  fact 

that  we  didn’t  have  sense  enough  at 
Sunny  Gables  to  stop  buying  colts, 
when  we  should  have  done  so.  Al¬ 
though,  for  a  good  many  years,  we 
have  sold  from  $1,000  to  $2,000  worth 
of  work  horses  a  year,  last  year  we 
didn’t  sell  a  single  work  animal.  As  a 
result  we  went  into  this  winter  with 
23  head  of  horses  and  mules  on  hand. 
Now,  all  of  a  sudden,  inquiries  have 
begun  to  come  in.  Prices  talked  are 
still  very  low,  but  it  is  a  change  to 
hear  a  price  even  mentioned. 

The  demand  for  saddle  horses  last 
summer  was  very  good,  and  we  dis¬ 
posed  of  a  carload  of  top-hand  horses, 
Howard,  Jr.,  shipped  up  from  New 
Mexico.  I  rather  imagine  that  some  of 
these  good  tough  cow  ponies  are  go¬ 
ing  to  come  in  mighty  handy  for  the 
fellows  who  own  them,  as  their  auto¬ 
mobiles  pass  out  of  the  picture. 

I  haven’t  yet  thought  to  inquire  in 
Ithaca  what  the  parking  rules  for  sad¬ 
dle  horses  will  be.  Whether  or  not  they 
will  be  tied  head-on  to  the  curb  or 
parallel  to  it.  In  parking  meter  zones, 
it  would  seem  to  me  that  the  present 
meters  will  make  very  satisfactory 
hitching  posts. 


American  Agriculturist,  February  14,  1942 


31  (137) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 

By  cM.  j£.  Godline 


Better  by  far  that  you  should 
forget  and  smile  than  that  you 
should  remember  and  be  sad. 


-ROSSETTI. 


Billy  Oliver,  Pittsfield,  Maine, 
proudly  fondles  his  pet  lamb. 


B  ILLY  can  still  smile,  though  sadness  has  come  to  his  home. 
His  brother,  Donald,  age  19,  was  recently  killed.  An  automobile 
ran  into  him  while  he  was  walking  on  the  highway.  Fortunately 
the  North  American  could  lend  a  helping  hand  because  Donald’s 
father  had  insured  all  members  of  the  family  under  our  low-cost 
travel  accident  policy. 

After  receiving  the  $1,000.00  check  payable  under  Donald’s 
policy,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Oliver  wrote:  “We  extend  our  deepest  grati¬ 
tude  and  thanks.  Now  we  realize  the  importance  of  this  wonderful 
protection.” 

Benefits  Paid  to  Those  Insured  the  Low  Cost, 
Dependable  North  American  Way 


Give  All  the  Faels 

HE  AIM  of  the  Service  Bureau  is 
to  help  every  subscriber  to  the 
fullest  possible  extent.  In  order  to  do 
that  and  do  it  quickly,  it  is  important 
that  you  give  us  all  of  the  facts  when 
you  write  for  help.  Too  often  a  sub¬ 
scriber  fails  even  to  give  his  address 
or  address  of  the  company  against 
which  he  has  a  complaint.  Give  us 
complete  information.  We  have  noth¬ 
ing  to  go  on  except  your  letter,  and 
if  you  neglect  to  mention  important 
facts,  it  is  impossible  to  give  you  ac¬ 
curate  information  or  valuable  advice. 

There  are  some  types  of  claims  which 
we  cannot  handle.  We  have  found, 
for  example,  that  it  often  does  more' 
harm  than  good  to  interfere  between 
neighbors,  between  farmers  and  local 
merchants,  between  farmers  and  hired 
help,  or  between  relatives.  When  you 
write,  inclose  a  stamped,  addressed  en¬ 
velope  for  the  reply. 

The  Service  Bureau  does  not  have  a 
lawyer  on  its  staff  to  answer  legal 
questions.  We  are  often  able  to  give 
information  on  such  matters  as  the 
Agriculture  and  Markets  Law,  and  are 
glad  at  all  times  to  give  our  advice  on 
any  problem  which  is  troubling  you. 
In  fact,  we  can  be  most  helpful  in  this 
way  —  it  is  easier  to  avoid  trouble  than 
it  is  to  correct  it.  Just  today,  for  ex¬ 
ample,  a  letter  was  received  from  a 
subscriber  who  had  shipped  eggs  to  a 
concern  not  even  listed  in  our  Market 
Guide.  The  firm  owes  the  subscriber 
for  three  shipments,  and  the  chanqes 
are  that  the  money  cannot  be  collected. 
How  much  better  it  would  have  been 
had  our  subscriber  checked  with  us  be¬ 
fore  he  shipped  his  eggs. 

— a.  a. — 

Ho  Pocketed  the  Money 

•‘I  paid  $4.95  to  an  agent  claiming  to 
represent  the  Double-Wear  Shoe  Com-, 
pany  of  Minneapolis,  Minnesota.  I  never 
received  the  order.  ’ 

On  request  of  the  company,  we  sent 
a  photostatic  copy  of  the  order.  They 
report  that  the  signature  is  not  that 
of  one  of  their  agents.  It  would  ap¬ 
pear  that  someone  has  secured  some 
of  the  company’s  order  blanks  and;  are 
using  them  to  swindle  innocent  custom¬ 
ers.  This  supposition  is  strengthened 
by  the  fact  that  the  agent  collected 
the  full  amount  for  the  shoes,  though 
the  order  states  definitely 
salesman  shall  collect  $1.00  and  the 


NEW  DOUBLE  DUTY 

SPECIFIED  SICKNESS 
AND  ACCIDENT  POLICY 

$1000.00  paid  for  loss  of  life  in 
any  insurable  accident. 

$25.00  per  week  for  as  many  as 
10  weeks  paid  on  specified  sick¬ 
ness  and  accidents.  Hospitaliza¬ 
tion  benefits,  and  doctor  bills  on 
any  insurable  accident. 

Men  and  women  accepted  —  no 
physical  examination  required — 
Full  benefits,  ages  16  to  60  — 
Two-thirds  benefits,  ages  60  to  70. 
This  low  cost  policy  sold  on 
money  back  guarantee  —  You  are 
the  sole  judge. 

Write  today  for  more 
complete  description. 

North  American  ' 
Accident  Insurance  Co. 

OF  CHICAGO. 

Appreciation  Dept.  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


shoes  will  be  shipped  C.O.D.  This  is 
the  common  practice  followed  by  mail 
order  houses;  and  you  should  be  sus¬ 
picious  of  any  agent  who  asks  you  for 
the  full  amount.  In  this  case,  the 
agent  has  pocketed  the  money  and  the 
subscriber  has  lost  it  unless  he  can 
locate  the  agent,  have  him  arrested, 
and  secure  the  return  of  his  money. 

This  illustrates  the  excellent  reason 
for  jotting  down  car  license  numbers 
of  all  agents  with  whom  you  do  busi¬ 
ness. 

— a.  a. — 

Doal  Willi  Licensed  Com¬ 
panies 

“I  have  received  several  letters  from  a 
Midwestern  insurance  company  that 
offers  a  family  group  life  insurance 
policy.  Is  this  a  good  form  of  insurance? 

I  am  enclosing  a  policy  for  you  to  read.” 

First  we  checked  with  the  New 
York  State  Insurance  Department  and 
they  tell  us  that  the  company  is  not 
licensed  in  New  York  State.  This 
means  that  they  cannot  solicit  through 
agents,  but  can  send  advertising  mat¬ 
ter  through  the  mails. 

There  are  several  angles  to  the  policy 
they  offer  which  we  feel  are  not  easily 
understood.  In  the  first  place,  it  is 
“term  insurance”  and  the  policy  never 
has  any  cash  surrender  value. 

In  the  second  place,  the  money  re¬ 
ceived,  in  case  of  the  death  of  anyone 
in  the  family,  depends  on  the  number 
in  the  family,  for  example;  if  you  take 
out  a  $1,000  policy  and  there  are  five 
members  in  the  family,  the  maximum 
payment  for  one  death  is  $200. 

After  much  correspondence  with 
readers  about  insurance  matters,  we 
conclude  that  it  is  a  safe  procedure  to 
do  business  with  companies  that  are 
licensed  in  the  state  in  which  you  live. 

— a. a. — 

Poor  Way  to  Save 

“About  seven  years  ago,  I  bought  a 
small  piece  of  property  on  contract;  it  is 
about  paid  up.  I  have  asked  the  seller 
for  my  deed  when  the  last  payment  is 
made,  and  also,  for  a  survey  and  title 
search.  Am  I  justified  in  asking  for  these 
papers?” 

Of  course  you  are  entitled  to  a  deed, 
but  you  are  a  little  late  in  requesting 
a  survey  and  title  search.  You  really 
should  have  had  a  lawyer  to  advise  you 
before  you  signed  the  contract.  Also, 
should  have  demanded  a  title 
search  before  you  signed.  I  don’t  see 
how  you  can  demand  it  now.  For  that 
matter,  if  the  title  search  shows  that 
the  title  is  bad,  you  are  still  the  loser 
because  the  seller  has  your  money. 

Failure  to  consult  a  lawyer  before 
signing  an  important  contract  is  a  poor 
way  to  save  money. 

— a.  a. — 

Ho  Was  a  ”Fake” 

A  hatcheryman  writes  us  that  he 
has  received  at  least  thirty  letters  this 
past  season  from  poultrymen  who 
bought  day-old  cockerels  when  they 
thought  they  were  buying  pullets.  The 
worst  thing,  from  the  point  of  view 
of  the  writer  of  the  letter,  Mr.  Miller, 
was  that  the  chicks  were  purchased 
from  a  “faker”  who  claimed  to  be  Mr. 
Miller’s  agent. 

The  answer  is  to  buy  chicks  from 
no  one  whom  you  do  not  know.  Deal 
directly  with  a  hatchery  of  your  choice; 
or  if  you  deal  through  an  agent,  be 
sure  that  he  is  a  local  man. 

Last  summer  a  considerable  number 
of  day-old  cockerels  were  sold  as  pul¬ 
lets.  The  bait  was  a  bargain  price, 
and  the  buyer  did  not  discover  that  he 
had  been  “gypped”  until  too  late  to 
buy  pullets  that  would  lay  in  time  for 
the  high  priced  fall  market. 


Harry  Payne.  R.  2,  Gasport,  N.  Y - $  37.14 

Auto  accident — multiple  cuts 

Robert  Yingling.  R.  3.  Lockport,  N.  Y. -  10.00 

Auto  accident — cut  chin  and  concussion 
George  M.  Sheffield.  R.  2,  Oswego,  N.  Y._.  81.43 

Auto  accident — broken  arm.  cuts 

Thomas  H.  Walsh, v  Port  Leyden,  N.  Y -  32.86 

Auto  accident — broken  ribs 

Richard  Felder,  Redwood,  N.  Y - 12.86 

Auto  accident — bruised  knee  &  concussion 

C.  Joseph  Wagner,  R.  I,  Troy,  N.  Y -  11.43 

Auto  accident — broken  nose 

Roy  O'Riley,  LaFargeville,  N.  Y - -  50.00 

Auto  accident — broken  ribs  and  bruises 

Lee  Anna  O'Riley,  LaFargeville,  N.  Y -  70.00 

Auto  accident — frae.  clavicle 
Ira  W.  Timmerman,  R.  2,  Little  Falls,  N.Y.  11.43 
Auto  accident — cut  head',  inj.  nose 

Jane  A.  Edmunds,  Sherman,  N.  Y -  42.86 

Auto  accident — braised  arm,  leg  and  chest  * 

Anna  H.  Denman,  Liberty,  N.  Y - *  15.71 

Auto  accident — frac.  collarbone 
James  Grundman,  R.  2,  Holcomb,  N.  Y. —  60.00 

Wagon  accident — dislocated  shoulder 

A.  R.  Wheeler,  Lounsberry,  N.  Y - *  9.28 

Auto  accident — bruised  head  and  knees 

Frank  L.  Yates,  Patterson,  N.  Y -  20.00 

Hit  by  truck — fractured  leg 

Roger  Duttweiler,  So.  Byron.  N.  Y -  15.71 

Auto  accident — bruised  knee 

Rev.  John  T.  Roney,  Chemung,  N.  Y -  30.00 

Auto  accident — frae.  ribs,  bruised  arm 

Neil  Boyington,  Kingman,  Me - --  20.00 

Auto  accident — cuts  on  head  and  knee 
Mrs.  Jessie  A.  Abbott,  R.  I,  West  Paris,  Me.  20.00 
Auto  accident — frac.  nose,  bruised  knee 
Mrs.  Mabel  B.  Hold,  7  Pleasant  St.,  New¬ 
port,  Me.  _  65.71 

Auto  accident — injured  shoulder 


Bertha  I.  Good,  Portland,  Me -  20.00 

Bus  accident — frac.  nose,  inj.  eye 

Norwood  A.  Ford,  Locke  Mills,  Me -  30.00 

Hit  by  auto — contused  and  cut  scalp 

Glenn  E.  Nile,  Rangeley,  Me -  14.28 

Auto  accident — bruised  chest  and  hip 

Herbert  J.  Culleton,  The  Forks,  Me -  10.00 

Auto  accident — lacerated  scalp 

William  Erskine,  R.  2,  Wiscasset,  Me -  65.00 

Auto  accident— inj.  abdominal  region 

Borden  D.  Harris,  Sanford,  Me.... -  50.00 

Auto  accident— bruised  side  of  chest 

Doris  E.  Lane,  Waterville,  Me -  54.28 

Auto  accident — concussion  brain 
Mary  L.  Parker,  18  Main  St.,  Durham,  N.  H.  14.28 
Auto  accident — cone,  brain,  inj.  ankle 
Roscoe  Warren,  Est.,  Plymouth,  N.  H —  1000.00 
Auto  collision — mortuary 

Leo  Pomainville,  Proctor,  Vt -  30.00 

,  Wagon  accident — sprained  knee 

Richard  Williams,  Poultney,  Vt -  10.00 

Truck  chain  hit  foot — bruises 

Alice  F.  Beatty,  Bakersfield,  Vt -  40.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  shoulder 

Polly  P.  Hall,  Ashley  Falls,  Mass -  15.71 

Auto  accident — multiple  bruises 
George  K.  Jarman,  18  Hunt«t.,  Woodstown, 

N.  J.  _ ---! _ *  65.00 

Auto  accident — broken  arm  and  hand 

E.  Carroll  Murray,  Hampstead,  Md. -  30.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  knee,  cracked  rib 
Roy  D.  Seifert,  485  Main  St.,  Middletown, 

Pa.  _ _ _  80.00 

Auto  accident — concussion  brain,  sprained 
wrist 

Mrs.  Callie  E.  Sherman,  Bradenton  Beach, 

Fla.  _  32.14 

Auto  accident — bruised  back 

*  Over- age. 


the  entire.  lamiUf, 


.  ,  ,v  „  v. . 

North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co. 

Oldest  and  Earnest  Exclusive  Jfealtf)  and  Occident  Company  in  America 

N. A. Associates  Department  Poughkeepsie,  n.y. 


that  the  you 


EVERY 
DAIRY 
FARMER 

PROFITS 


MILK- 
MARKEYING 

Cooperatives 


'<«  e„4  *«*  "a1 

lha t  «“»••*  ,  w;\\  win- 


★  ★  ★  ★  ★  .  ★  ★  ★ 

The  Record  Has  Convinced  Many  That 
the  Farmer-Owned  and  Farmer-Managed 
Cooperatives  are  the  Farmer's  Best  Friend 


VERY  DAY  the  sharp  clash  of  interests  between 
dairy  farmers  and  milk  dealers  regarding  milk  co¬ 
operatives  comes  clearer  into  view. 

For  a  time,  dealers  concealed  their  true  designs — 
which  were  to  hamper  and  destroy  the  usefulness  of  all  farm 
cooperatives.  For  a  time,  dealers  carried  on  their  sabotage 
with  the  aid  of  certain,  so-called  farm  leaders — men  who 
either  lacked  the  understanding  to  see  what  was  going  on, 
or  who  were  secretly  in  the  pay  of  the  dealers. 

But  as  milk  hearing  after  milk  hearing  brought  out  the  true 
facts  about  the  marketing  orders  and  the  true  farm  coopera¬ 
tives,  the  dealers  and  their  stooges  were  forced  into  the  open. 
At  the  last  hearings,  they  had  to  stand  up  and  be  counted 
among  those  who  were  opposed  to  amendments  which  every 
farmer  knew  were  in  the  best  interests  of  all  farmers. 

Birds  of  a  Feather  Flock  Together 

This  strange  sight  of  a  clique  of  dealers’  lawyers  and  of 
certain  farm  leaders  hob-nobbing  together  in  a  battle  against 
amendments,  at  last  tore  the  blinders  from  the  eyes  of  many 
who  had  not  been  certain  before. 

Now  they  saw  that  the  farmer-owned  and  farmer-managed 
cooperatives  were  the  true  friends  of  every  farmer.  Now 
they  saw  that  the  counterfeit  cooperatives — the  organizations 
that  were  managed  and  manipulated  by  secret  strings  from 

the  offices  of  dealers— were  the  secret  enemy  of  all  farmers. 

% 

A  League  of  Farmers  for  Farmers 

We  members  of  the  farmer-owned  and  farmer-managed 
Dairymen's  League  are  proud  of  the  fact  that  every  action 
of  The  League  for  the  last  quarter  of  a  century  has  been 
aimed  at  improving  the  lot  of  all  farmers.  We  are  proud  that 
searching  investigations  by  governmental  authorities  have 
revealed  no  outside  influence  from  any  source.  In  fact,  the 
Federal  Trade  Commission's  last  report  on  the  subject  gave 
us  a  clean  bill  of  health  with  the  statement  that  all  relations 
between  the  Dairymen's  League  and  its  principal  wholesale 
customer  "were  that  of  vendor  and  vendee  and  NO  EVI¬ 
DENCE  was  adduced  showing  the  exercise  of  ANY 
CONTROL." 


_ - dlVivAviViViVlVlYiViYiViYiViViYivlYiv ivivi 

Published  by  THE  THOUSANDS  OF  FARMERS  WHO  OWN,  OPERATE  AND  CONTROL  THE  DAIRYMEN'S  LEAGUE 


FEBRUARY  28,  1942 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 


A  few  of  “Monie’s”  family  with  the  comfortable 
and  attractive  farm  buildings  at  Elmwood  Farm. 

Miss  Dorothy  Onderdonk  and 
“King’s  Monie  of  Munroholm.” 


MATRIARCH  of  the  Elmwood  Farms 
Guernsey  herd  owned  by  W.  B.  and 
Dorothy  Onderdonk  at  Hall,  On¬ 
tario  County,  New  York,  is  King’s 
Monie  of  Munroholm  No.  251227, — matri¬ 
arch,  because  she’s  boss  of  the  barnyard  and 
because  she’s  dam,  granddam  or  great  grand- 
dam  of  almost  every  animal  in  the  entire 
herd  of  seventy  odd  head  comprising  the 
herd  today. 

It  was  back  in  1925  that  Dorothy,  then 
eight  years  old,  was  allowed  to  enroll  in  4-H 
dairy  club  work  as  a  means  of  giving  expres¬ 
sion  to  her  love  of  animals  and  her  enthusi¬ 
asm  for  outdoor  activities.  Back  in  those 
days  the  ten  year  old  age  limit  had  not  been 
set  for  enrollment  in  4-H  club  work. 

The  story  of  the  development  of  Elmwood 
Farms  dates  back  to  1910  when  Mr.  W.  B. 
Onderdonk  brought  his  bride,  the  former  Mae 
Dixon,  to  the  then  68  acre  farm  one-half 
mile  south  of  Hall.  At  that  time  cabbage 
was  the  chief  crop,  and  a  family  cow  was  the 
extent  of  the  dairy  enterprise.  In  1924  sev¬ 
enty  acres  immediately  across  the  road  were 
bought  to  allow  for  more  extensive  opera¬ 
tions;  and  in  1937  an  adjoining  100  acre  farm 
was  added  to  the  holdings.  Thus  today  Elm¬ 
wood  Farms  consist  of  238  acres  of  fertile, 
productive  land,  farmed  in  such  a  manner  as 
to  increase  its  fertility.  The  milking  herd 


"SaU 


OF  THE 


BaSUMiGSui 


THE  STORY  of  a  GREAT 
GUERNSEY  COW  and  HER  FAMILY 


By  Jleland  jBcutub 


has  been  increased  from  13 
cows  in  1931  to  35  in  1941. 


From  Crops  to  Dairying 

Early  in  his  career,  Mr.  Onder¬ 
donk  realized  that  if  profitable  yields  were 
to  be  secured  he  must  combine  livestock  with 
his  other  enterprises.  By  1925,  when  Dor¬ 
othy’s  4-H  club  work  was  started,  a  small 
herd  of  grade  cattle  had  been  developed. 
To  “start  Dorothy  off  right”  a  registered 
Guernsey  heifer  was  purchased  for  her 
project.  Good  care  and  feeding  developed 
this  heifer  to  a  winning  contender  in  her  class 
at  the  State  Fair. 

As  a  means  of  developing  a  better  herd  and 
to  encourage  Dorothy,  another  heifer  calf 
was  purchased  in  the  spring  of  1928.  This 
calf  was  the  celebrated  Monie,  with  which 
we  started  our  story.  A  year  later  a  third 
heifer,  Tarbell  Farms  Ultra  Patricia,  was 
added  to  Dorothy’s  4-H  project.  At  about 
the  same  time  that  Dorothy’s  first  4-H  heifer 
was  purchased,  Mr.  Onderdonk  bought  a 
heifer,  Dot  of  Pleasant  Ridge,  for  himself. 
Since  the  purchase  of  Dorothy’s  third  heifer, 
not  a  single  female  has  been  purchased  for 
the  herd.  As  descendants  of  the  registered 
foundation  have  increased,  and  only  as  they 
have  demonstrated  superior  producing  abil¬ 
ity  to  the  grades,  the  grades  have  been  gradu¬ 


ally  eliminated  until  today,  of  some  seventy 
head,  only  four  are  not  registered. 

Lifetime  Records 

Monie’s  first  calf,  a  heifer,  was  born  March 
25,  1930.  The  herd  was  started  on  D.H.I.A. 
test  April  1  and  has  been  on  continuous  test 
ever  since  through  thick  and  thin,  and  regard¬ 
less  of  whether  or  not  an  association  was  in 
operation  in  the  county.  As  the  herd  has 
been  on  continuous  test,  so  Monie  has  been 
in  almost  continuous  production.  She  has 
completed  eleven  lactations.  Never  milked 
more  than  twice-a-day  and  always  standing 
in  a  stanchion,  this  grand  old  cow  has  pro¬ 
duced  a  total  of  over  124,000  lbs.  of  milk 
and  6200  lbs.  of  butterfat.  Of  her  eleven 
calves,  six  have  been  heifers  and  five  bulls. 
Five  daughters  have  completed  a  total  of  21 
records  in  the  home  herd.  One  son,  Monie’s 
Major,  has  become  one  of  the  top  ranking 
Guernsey  proved  sires  in  the  country  and 
three  more  sons  are  in  the  process  of  being 
proved.  Thirty-four  direct  female  descend¬ 
ants  either  have  been,  or  (Turn  to  Page  21) 


IN  TMIQ  IQCIIC  WAR  PRIORITIES  Page  3;  DAIRYMEN  AND  THE  C.I.O.,  Page  4;  POTATO  RESERVES  DOWN,  Page  6; 
—  nij  lOOIIL  TH£  N£W  YORK  FARMER’S  INCOME  TAX,  Page  7;  NEW  VEGETABLE  VARIETIES,  Page  8;  FEED¬ 


ING  WHEAT  TO  DAIRY  COWS,  Page  9;  SPRING  FASHIONS,  Page  18;  MARCH  FIRST,  by  Romeyn  Berry,  Page  20. 


FEBRUARY  28;  1942 


The  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative 
is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


Ration 


nutrients,  government  wheat  at 
about  $34  per  ton  provides  nutri¬ 
ents  at  a  cost  of  about  $2  per 
hundred  pounds. 


For  either  dairymen  or  poultry- 
men,  a  few  tons  of  $34  wheat  is 
good  property  to  have  in  the  gran¬ 
ary. 


Blotter  Testers  For  Mastitis 


WARS  increase  the  demand  for  starch,  oils,  and  flour. 

By-products  of  these  commodities  are  gluten  feed,  oil 
meals,  and  wheat  feeds,  which  are  correspondingly  plentiful. 
Molasses  is  going  out  as  a  feed  ingredient.  Cocoanut  oil  meal 
is  unobtainable.  As  war  continues,  changes  in  ingredient  sup¬ 
plies  may  mean  that  all  rations  will  have  to  be  simplified. 


G.L.F.  is  now  mixing  a  simple 
dairy  feed  called  G.L.F.  War  Ration. 
Combinations  of  oil  meals,  gluten 
feed,  corn,  and  wheat  bran,  and  pos¬ 
sibly  other  grains  will  be  used  to 
make  a  feed  reasonable  in  cost  and 
close  to  the  flow  of  major  ingredi¬ 
ents.  G.L.F.  War  Ration  comes  in 
low-cost  bags  priced  from  $3  to  $4 
per  ton  less  than  Exchange  Dairy. 

G.L.F.  War  Ration  will  have  a 
publicly -posted  formula.  Here’s 
the  way  it  works.  The  tag  on  the 


Many  dairymen  have  become  ac¬ 
customed  to  dairy  rations  that  meet 
rigid  specifications  as  to  bulk,  pal- 
atability,  variety  of  ingredients. 
Before  the  days  of  Babcock  Tests, 
Pietertje  2d,  a  purebred  Holstein 
cow,  produced  30,318  pounds  of 
milk  in  a  year.  She  was  fed  timothy 
hay  and  corn  stalks,  chopped  tur- 


bag  will  list  the  ingredients,  the 
minimum  guarantee  on  protein  and 
fat;  the  maximum  guarantee  on 
fiber.  This  is  to  permit  fast  changes 
in  the  actual  formula  to  take  ad¬ 
vantage  of  price  changes  and  sup¬ 
plies  of  ingredients. 

With  each  order  of  War  Ration, 
your  G.L.F.  Service  Agency  will 
receive  a  complete  formula  and 
computed  analysis  of  that  batch  of 
feed.  He  will  post  this  formula  so 
you  will  know  what’s  in  the  bag. 


nips  and  potatoes,  oats  and  bran. 

Today,  some  dairymen  are  again 
foregoing  rigid  specifications  in  dairy 
rations  to  make  full  use  of  cheaper 
ingredients.  While  a  good  mixed 
ration  that  meets  the  rigid  speci¬ 
fications  farmers  are  used  to,  costs 
over  $45  per  ton,  or  more  than 
$3  per  100  pounds  of  digestible 


Many  good  cows  never  have  a 
chance  to  make  money  for  then- 
owners  because  they  become  infec¬ 
ted  with  mastitis.  Segregation  of 
infected  cows  may  save  the  rest  of 
the  herd.  Mastitis  Testers  point  out 
the  suspicious  cows  which  can  then 
be  segregated  from  the  clean  cows. 
These  suspicious  cows  should  be 


Many  poultrymen  are  paying  as 
much  as  $7  a  ton  more  than  they 
need  to  for  the  mash  they  feed  to 
laying  hens.  Through  their  cooper¬ 
ative  G.L.F.  feed  service,  poultry- 
men  have  a  choice  of  four  mashes 
for  layers  and  breeders.  There  is  a 
difference  of  35  cents  a  bag  between 
the  highest-priced  mash  and  the 
lowest. 

Super  Laying  &  Breeding  Mash 
has  been  a  standby  with  thousands 
of  poultrymen  for  many  years.  It 
contains  an  abundant  supply  of  all 
those  nutrients  and  vitamins  which 
are  essential  in  producing  large 
numbers  of  hatchable  eggs,  and  big 
hatches  of  healthy  chicks.  Some  of 
these  vitamins  come  from  milk  pro¬ 
ducts,  and  the  present  high  cost 
of  these  products  is  reflected  in  the 


furthef  examined  by  your  veterinar¬ 
ian  for  further  diagnosis  and  treat¬ 
ment. 

Mastitis  Testers  come  in  the  form 
of  blotters  with  four  spots  of  Brom- 
thymol — one  for  each  quarter  on 
each  blotter.  One  hundred  in  a  box 
costs  $1.25  at  your  G.L.F.  Service 
Agency. 


price  of  the  mash.  Regular  Laying 
&  Breeding  Mash  is  formulated  to 
give  the  same  results  in  production 
and  hatchability.  Because  the  essen¬ 
tial  vitamins  are  obtained  from  in¬ 
gredients  less  expensive  than  milk, 
the  mash  costs  about  $4  a  ton  less. 

Even  lower  in  price  is  Laying  Mash. 
This  feed  is  not  suitable  for  the 
breeding  flock,  but  for  straight  egg 
production  it  is  entirely  satisfac¬ 
tory.  It  is  fed  to  more  layers  than 
any  other  mash  in  this  territory. 
Super  Laying  Mash  is  a  specialty 
feed  made  for  those  poultrymen 
who  have  a  market  for  pale-yolked 
eggs.  This  fine  mash,  is  more  expen¬ 
sive  than  most  poultrymen  need. 

For  the  great  majority  of  G.L.F. 
poultrymen,  G.L.F.  Laying  Mash 
is,  by  far,  the  best  buy. 


Government  Wheat  Is  Cheap  Feed 


How  To  Save  Money  On  Laying  Mash 


Cooperative  G.L.F.  Exchange,  Inc.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


1942  PIONEER  American  agriculture  was  built  by  pioneers.  When 
agriculture  became  mechanized,  American  farmers  continued  to  pioneer 
in  better  ways  of  producing  food.  Now  we  are  at  war.  Many  ways  of 


doing  things  must  be  changed.  Rubber-tired  transportation,  steel  poultry 
equipment,  complex  feed  formulas,  may  no  longer  be  possible.  American 
farmers  accept  the  challenge  as  did  their  pioneer  ancestors# 


American  Agriculturist,  February  28,  1942 


3  (141) 


(Streptococcus  agalactiae) 


but  only  through  your  cooperatio 

You  must  follow  all  5  of  the  ste 

. . 

which  he  will  recommend. 


SQUI BB 


COUPON  TODAY f 


E.  R.  SQUIBB  &  SONS,  745  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Veterinary  and  Animal  Feeding  Products  Division  AA  2 
Gentlemen : 

Please  send  me  a  copy  of  your  free  booklet  on  the  "Control 
and  Sanitation  Plan  for  the  Treatment  of  Bovine  Mastitis.’’ 

Name . . . . . . . . 

Address . . . . 

City . . . . 

My  veterinarian’s  name  is.. 

Address . 


.State.. 


NAME  YOU  CAN  TRUST 


4 

—  veterinarian  may  cure 


♦ 


w * 

:msmm 

. 


WARNING!  If  one  of  your  cows 
shows  signs  of  acute  mastitis,  with  a 
badly  swollen  udder,  DO  NOT  expect 
your  veterinarian  to  quickly  effect  a 
cure. 

It  is  not  as  simple  as  that.  A  cow  with 
acute  mastitis  cannot  be  treated  until 
the  swelling  is  reduced.  Even  after  the 
swelling  has  subsided,  treatment  by 
injection  alone  is  not  the  answer.  You 
must  first  definitely  find  out  bow  many 
other  cows  in  your  herd  are  infected 
with  mastitis. 

WE  REPEAT  .  .  .  Injections  alone 
cannot  effect  a  cure, 

Novoxil  Liquid  is  recommended  for 
the  treatment  of  the  most  prevalent 
and  costly  form  of  mastitis— that 
caused  by  Streptococcus  agalactiae. 
But  it  is  recommended  together  with  a 
Rigid  Control  Program  involving  four 
important  steps  before  the  injection  of 
Novoxil  Liquid. 

This  program  has  been,  and  is,  success¬ 
ful  in  the  majority  of  Streptococcus 
agalactiae  cases  treated. 

This  is  the  program  you  must  follow 
if  you  want  to  free  your  herd  of  mas¬ 
titis.  Here  are  all  the  five  essential 
steps  necessary.  Follow  them  and  you 
have  an  excellent  chance  of  eliminat¬ 
ing  mastitis  from  your  herd. 

1.  If  your  bacteria  count  is  high  from  ab¬ 
normal  milk,  call  your  veterinarian.  He 
will,  if  necessary,  suggest  improved 


sanitary  and  control  methods  in  the 
barn  and  in  the  care  and  milking  of 
the  herd. 

2.  Your  veterinarian  will  show  you  how 
to  take  composite  milk  samples  from 
each  cow  in  the  herd  and  tell  you  where 
they  can  be  laboratory-tested  for  mas¬ 
titis.  Laboratory-testing  is  the  most  ac*' 
curate  method. 

3.  Those  cows  found  to  be  infected  should 
immediately  be  segregated  at  the  end  of 
the  milking  line,  and  milked  last. 

4.  From  the  cows  showing  infection  a  sec¬ 
ond  milk  sample  is  drawn.  This  time 
quarter  samples  are  taken.  These  quar¬ 
ter  samples  are  again  laboratory-tested 
to  indicate  those  infected  and  in  need 
of  treatment. 

5.  Your  veterinarian  will  treat  the  infect¬ 
ed  quarters  with  Novoxil*  Liquid.  The 
treatment  consists  of  a  series  of  injec¬ 
tions,  usually  not  more  than  three,  into 
the  infected  quarter  through  the  teat 
canal. 

Only  by  these  essential  steps  is  it  pos¬ 
sible  to  discover  definitely  those  cows 
that  may  show  no  physical  symptoms 
of  mastitis,  yet  are  infected.  As  car¬ 
riers  and  spreaders  of  the  disease  these 
cows  are  just  as  dangerous  as  those 
that  are  obviously  infected. 

If  you  have  the  problem  of  mastitis  in 
your  herd,  we  urge  you  to  write  for  a 
copy  of  the  Squibb  booklet  which 
outlines  the  suggested  mastitis  treat¬ 
ment  program.  Clip  and  mail  the  cou¬ 
pon  below  for  your  copy. 


*  Novoxil  is  a  trademark  of  E.  R.  Squibb  &  Sons. 


YOU,  YOUR  FARM  and  THE  WAR 

IaJcUi  Steel,  Oil,  (lubltesi 


A  BIG  percentage  of  the  equipment 
and  materials  needed  on  farms 
use  the  same  materials  that  are  im¬ 
portant  in  building  equipment  to  win 
a  war.  That’s  why  you  are  finding  it 
difficult  to  get  the  supplies  you  need 
to  increase  production. 

Here  are  a  few  examples: 

Molasses - Molasses  is  used  to 

make  alcohol.  Alcohol  is  used  to  make 
explosives.  There  has  been  a  govern¬ 
ment  ruling  that  dairy  feed  manufac¬ 
turers  can  have  about  55%  of  the  mo¬ 
lasses  they  used  last  year  in  feed  mix¬ 
ing.  The  fly  in  the  ointment  here  is 
that  these  manufacturers  have  the 
ruling  but  not  the  molasses,  and  no 
one  knows  just  how  soon  they  will  be 
able  to  get  it.  Theoretically,  farmers 
can  get  molasses  to  put  on  hay  or  sil¬ 
age,  but  not  to  mix  with  a  dairy  ration 
on  the  farm.  Incidentally,  if  you  feel 
that  the  details  of  the  rationing  of  this 
and  other  products  are  not  being  work¬ 
ed  out  fast  enough,  remember  that  the 
government  has  a  tremendous  job  on 
its  hands  and  that  the  men  in  charge 
of  our  war  effort  are  doing  the  best 
they  can  to  meet  the  situation  and  be 
fair  to  everyone. 

Fences - The  government  has  re¬ 

quisitioned  an  enormous  amount  of 
barbed  wire  fencing.  What  is  more,  the 
zinc  used  to  galvanize  fencing  is  scarce. 
Fence  manufacturers,  therefore,  are 
forced  to  stretch  zinc  supplies  as  far 
as  they  will  go,  and  any  galvanized 
material  you  buy  will  carry  less  zinc 
than  in  former  years. 

What  can  you  do?  If  you  need  wire 
and  can  lay  your  hands  on  a  supply  of 
used  wire,  you  had  better  grab  it.  Take 
care  of  the  wire  you  have  on  your 
farm,  and  use  it  as  far  as  it  wall  go. 
Possibly  you  may  be  able  to  use  an 
electric  fence,  and  therefore  cut  down 
on  your  wire  requirements. 

Unless  your  local  dealer  has  a  few, 
you  won’t  be  able  to  buy  steel  fence 
posts.  This  material  is  being  used  to 
build  Army  cots.  If  you  have  a  wood- 
lot,  cut  your  own  posts.  If  you  aren’t 
that  lucky,  try  and  lay  in  a  supply 
to  meet  your  needs  from  someone  who 
has  a  woodlot.  Incidentally,  if  you  have 
a  woodlot,  why  not  cut  a  few  more 
than  you  need?  You  will  find  a  ready 
sale  for  them. 

Egg  Cases — It  has  been  the  prac¬ 
tice  in  the  Northeast  for  years  to  pack 
eggs  in  used  cases.  Most  of  these  were 
shipped  from  the  Pacific  Coast  as  new 
cases.  Now,  relatively  few  eggs  are 
coming  to  eastern  markets  from  the 
Pacific  Coast.  Poultry  organizations 
are  taking  steps  to  meet  the  situation 
as  best  they  can.  Orders  have  been 
pooled  by  the  Northeastern  Poultry 
Producers’  Council  and  several  carloads 
of  new  cases,  fillers  and  flats  are  being 
shipped  into  the  Northeast.  You,  as  a 

FCpyiCTORY 
BUY 

UNITED 
STATES 
DEFENSE 

SONDS 
STAMPS 


poultryman,  can  repair  damaged  cases 
and  try  to  make  every  case  last  for  as 
many  trips  as  possible. 

Poultry  Equipment — The  same 
situation  that  applies  to  wire  fencing 
applies  to  galvanized  iron  poultry 
feeders  and  waterers.  New  feeders  on 
the  market  contain  more  wood  than 
they  did  a  few  years  ago.  In  some 
cases,  the  feeding  trough  only  is  made 
of  metal.  Even  so,  you  may  be  unable 
to  get  any.  If  so,  it  will  be  necessary 
for  you  to  build  wooden  poultry  feed¬ 
ers.  The  catch  here  is  that  the  supply 
of  nails  is  also  short.  Do  not  waste 
them.  If  you  can  get  them,  you  had 
better  lay  in  a  reasonable  supply  for 
the  routine  repairs  that  are  always 
coming  up.  You  cannot,  of  course, 
build  water  fountains,  but  your  Yan¬ 
kee  ingenuity  may  help  you  to  figure 
out  a  way  to  use  containers  already  on 
the  farm  for  water  fountains. 

Slairy  Ecguipsnont — You  can  still 

buy  milking  machines  and  water  sys¬ 
tems,  but  there  is  no  certainty  that 
you  can  buy  either  this  next  year  or 
the  year  after.  Incidentally,  here  are 
two  pieces  of  equipment  that  will  save 
a  lot  of  labor,  and  running  water  where 
the  cows  can  drink  when  they  wish  will 
increase  milk  production.  Roll  roofing 
is  still  available,  but  the  supply  is  get¬ 
ting  short. 

Any  manufacturer  equipped  to  make 
milk  cans  or  small,  round  sprayers  can 
make  shells,  and  many  are  doing  so. 

Gas  anti  Oii — The  best  quality  of 
both  gasoline  and  lubricating  oil  is  us¬ 
ed  by  airplanes.  It  is  certain,  therefore, 
that  the  antiknock  quality  of  the  gas 
you  buy  for  your  car  and  tractor  will 
be  reduced.  This  is  not  too  serious,  but 
do  not  blame  the  manufacturer  if  your 
car  knocks  more  than  usual  on  the 
hills.  What  is  serious  is  that  gas  and 
oil  may  be  rationed. 

Tin  comes  from  the  far  East.  We 
should  say  it  did  come  from  there.  By 
April  1,  it  is  predicted  that  you  will  be 
unable  to  buy  a  new  oil  can.  Do  not 
junk  oil  cans  or  other  containers.  You 
will  find  a  use  for  them.  Oil  drums  can 
be  used  to  store  feed. 

Canvas  and  — it  takes  but 

little  imagination  to  see  what  an  enor¬ 
mous  amount  of  canvas  is  required  for 
our  expanding  Army.  You  won’t  be 
able  to  buy  it,  but  you  can  take  extra 
good  care  of  what  you  have  on  hand. 
The  Navy  has  requisitioned  all  of  the 
Manila  hemp  rope,  and  there  is  none 
for  ciyilian  use.  If  you  are  lucky,  you 
can  buy  rope  made  of  Mexican  sisal. 
This  is  not  quite  as  strong  as  Manila 
hemp  rope,  and  where  you  may  have 
been  getting  by  with  a  %”  rope  for 
your  hay  carrier,  you  may  now  want 
to  buy  a  1”  rope  if  you  need  a  new 
one.  At  the  risk  of  getting  monotonous, 
we  again  say,  ‘‘Take  care  of  the  rope 
you  now  have  on  hand.” 

VogPialil^  Seods — There  will  be 
enough  vegetable  seeds  to  go  around 
if  everyone  is  careful.  There  will  be 
shortages  of  some  varieties.  For  ex¬ 
ample,  there  is  a  shortage  of  Detroit 
Red  beets,  of  Nantes  and  Red  Core 
Chantenay  carrots,  of  Long-standing 
Bloomsdale  spinach  and  early  yellow 
Globe  and  Southport  onions,  of  Glory 
cabbage.  Bountiful  beans,  and  Imperial 
44  lettuce,  as  well  as  some  others.  Also 
short  are  seeds  of  some  melon  varie¬ 
ties,  slicing  cucumbers,  Hubbard 
squash,  and  Laxton’s  Progress  peas. 

A  considerable  amount  of  vegetable 
seeds  have  been  sent  to  England  un¬ 
der  the  Lend-Lease  program,  and  from 
South  America  there  is  a  demand  for 
vegetable  seeds  which  they  used  to  get 
(Continued  on  Page  14) 


(142)  4 


American  Agriculturist,  February  28,  1942 


PAGE 


Address  all  mail  for  Editorial  or  Advertis¬ 
ing  departments  to  American  Agriculturist, 

Savings  Bank  Building.  Ithaca.  New  York 


Where  We  May  Go  From  Here 

I  TOLD  an  audience  at  the  New  York  State 
Farm  and  Home  Week  that  I  am  badly  scar¬ 
ed  about  the  outcome  of  this  war.  I  was  speak¬ 
ing  on  the  subject,  “Where  Do  We  Go  From 
Here,”  and  I  stated  that  it  was  easily  in  the 
cards  for  us  to  lose  the  war,  and  if  we  do, 
“Where  we  go  from  here”  is  toward  a  second 
Dark  Ages. 

Right  now  we  are  in  one  of  the  darkest  per- 
iods  in  human  history.  Through  mismanage¬ 
ment  and  criminal  carelessness  we  lost  at  Pearl 
Harbor.  The  loss  there  contributed  to  further 
defeats  in  the  Far  East.  More  recently,  for  the 
same  reasons,  we  lost  the  great  ship  Normandie. 
Whether  it  was  sabotage  or  carelessness,  it  just 
should  not  have  happened.  The  English  lost  at 
Dunkirk,  in  Norway,  have  had  to  retreat  in 
Africa,  the  great  German  battleships  were  al¬ 
lowed  to  escape  from  French  ports,  Singapore 
has  gone,  and  the  savage  hordes  are  still  march¬ 
ing  on  triumphantly  in  Asia.  The  only  bright 
spots  are  MacArthur  and  his  gallant  band  in  the 
Philippines,  and  Russia. 

It  is  about  time  we  Americans  woke  up.  In 

recent  years  we  have  been  cried  “Wolf!”  Wolf!” 
at  so  many  times,  had  so  many  situations  called 
emergencies,  that  some  of  us  were  indifferent  to 
the  real  emergency  when  the  wolves  did  really 
come.  Others  want  to  help  but  are  confused.  It 
is  apparent  we  lack  real  leadership  both  in  Eng¬ 
land  and  in  America.  History  shows  us  that 
most  peace  time  naval  and  military  officers  lack 
what  it  takes  in  war.  They  have  grown  used  to 
routine  and  red  tape,  lack  the  initiative  to  think 
and  act  in  a  war  emergency.  There  are  still 
many  in  our  own  government  who  seem  more 
concerned  with  old  age  pensions,  retirements, 
and  social  reforms  than  they  are  with  the  bitter 
necessity  of  winning  this  war.  But  if  we  are  to 

win,  all  that  sort  of  thing  must  go  out,  and  go 

out  fast.  The  people,  in  turning  over  all  of  their 

personal  liberties  to  our  government,  have  a 
right  on  the  other  hand  to  demand  that  govern¬ 
ment  officials  put  themselves  and  their  opera¬ 
tions  on  the  alert,  punish  criminal  carelessness, 
and  get  down  to  business.  If  leaders  can’t  lead, 
we  must  change  them.  It  took  four  years  to  find 
a  Grant  in  the  Civil  War.  We  cannot  wait  that 
long  now. 

And  we  the  people  must  get  down  to  a  war 
basis  also.  Labor  leaders  calling  a  strike  should 
go  to  jail  for  the  duration.  The  same  goes  for 
profiteers. 

In  our  own  field  of  farming,  we  face  tremend¬ 
ous  problems.  Machinery  is  short,  farm  labor  is 
not  to  be  had  in  most  cases,  men  and  women 
are  working  beyond  their  strength.  The  govern¬ 
ment  is  restricting  our  prices.  But  all  of  these 
problems  will  be  one  hundred  times  worse  if  we 
lose  this  war.  Nothing  else  now  is  important. 

Dairymen  and  the  C.I.O.  Labor  Union 

P  IN  THE  northern  part  of  New  York 
State  there  is  a  great  stretch  of  farm  land 
often  called  “the  North  Country.”  Those  who 
have  never  travelled  in  northern  New  York  have 
no  idea  or  appreciation  of  the  splendid  fertile 
land  and  the  grand  farm  people  who  live  on  it. 
It  is  a  natural  dairy  country,  whose  only  main 
drawback  is  its  long  distance  from  markets. 

*  In  the  early  days,  this  market  difficulty  was 
overcome  by  many  dairy  manufacturing  plants, 


and  the  whole  section  was  known  everywhere 
for  its  production  of  just  about  the  best  cheese 
made  anywhere. 

In  recent  years,  however,  the  good  dairymen 
of  the  North  Country  have  had  little  else  but 
trouble.  New  York  City  officials  and  dealers, 
in  order  to  have  fluid  milk  during  the  short  per¬ 
iods  of  the  year,  went  into  northern  and  also 
western  New  York  and  inspected  farms,  asking 
farmers  to  spend  hundreds  of  dollars  to  put 
their  barns  and  stables  in  shape  to  produce  milk 
for  the  New  York  market.  This  caused  the  rapid 
disappearance  of  local  milk  manufacturing  fa¬ 
cilities,  and  added  tremendously  to  the  costs  of 
production  of  the  individual  dairyman. 

Then  when  the  dealers  and  city  were  no  long¬ 
er  in  need  of  so  much  fluid  milk,  northern  New 
York  plants  were  closed,  with  little  warning  to 
dairymen,  and  the  dairymen  were  faced  with  no 
markets  and  ruin,  or  with  the  necessity  of  put¬ 
ting  up  a  fight.  They  chose  to  fight,  and  cannot 
be  blamed  for  doing  so.  Out  of  the  fight  came 
the  organization  of  the  Dairy  Farmers  Union. 
Some  of  their  leaders  at  first  were  not  farmers, 
but  gradually  the  leadership  was  changed  to 
dairymen  who  milk  cows,  and  more  recently 
both  leaders  and  members  of  the  Dairy  Farm¬ 
ers  Union  have  worked  constructively,  both  in¬ 
dependently  and  with  other  dairy  organizations, 
to  try  to  find  a  solution  to  the  milk  marketing 
problem  and  a  living  price  for  dairymen. 

Some  of  us  feel  that  leaders  of  the  Dairy 
Farmers  Union  brought  new  life  and  vigor  and 
a  helpful  point  of  view  into  the  farmers’  side  of 
milk  marketing  affairs,  even  though  we  do  not 
always  agree  with  all  of  their  policies. 

Still  further  adding  to  the  troubles  of  those 
northern  New  York  dairymen  was  the  ruinous 
drought  which  they  suffered  last  summer.  Hun¬ 
dreds  of  dairymen  now  have  no  hay  or  other 
forage,  and  are  in  a  truly  desperate  situation. 
Their  last  hope  was  swept  away  when  Congress, 
which  has  always  rushed  to  the  aid  of  farmers 
in  the  South  and  West,  refused  to  do  anything 
for  the  northern  New  York  farmers. 

Confronted  with  all  of  these  difficulties,  lead¬ 
ers  of  the  Dairy  Farmers  Union  voted  to  join 
the  United  Mine  Workers,  a  branch  of  the  C.I.O. 
Meetings  have  been  or  are  being  held  to  get  ap¬ 
proval  of  dairymen  to  this  proposal. 

It  is  perhaps  natural  that  farmers,  for  years 
afflicted  with  one  problem  after  another,  and 
seeing  the  high  wages  that  labor  unions  have 
succeeded  in  getting  in  the  cities,  should  say  to 
themselves : 

“We  have  tried  everything  else.  Maybe  we’d 
better  join  a  labor  union.” 

Far  be  it  from  me  to  tell  men  who  have  suf¬ 
fered  for  years  what  to  do,  but  I  would  like  to 
state  what  I  think. 

I  believe  in  both  farm  organization  and  labor 
organization.  I  think  that  labor  organization 
has  gone  too  far,  that  it  has  demanded  too 
much,  that  many  labor  leaders  are  irresponsible, 
and  that  some  time  labor  organization  will  get 
a  terrific  set-back.  But  nevertheless,  it  has 
brought  great  benefits  to  city  workmen.  I  also 
think,  and  there  is  plenty  of  evidence  to  prove  it, 
that  farm  organizations  have  accomplished  great 
results.  But  I  am  sure  that  the  two  don’t  mix, 
for  the  fundamental  interests  of  farmers  are  con¬ 
trary  to  the  interests  of  consumers,  at  least  as 
they  are  expressed  by  consumers’  leaders.  Labor 
unions  are  in  reality  organizations  of  consumers. 
Consumers  are  interested  in  a  low  price  for  milk. 

As  I  write  this,  a  C.I.O.  labor  union  in  the 
small  city  of  Cortland,  N.  Y.,  has  voted  to  boy¬ 


cott  milk  until  the  price  is  lowered.  A  low  re¬ 
tail  price  for  milk  in  the  cities  means  a  starva¬ 
tion  price  for  farmers.  It  always  has,  and  it  al¬ 
ways  will.  The  chief  cost  in  distributing  milk 
is  the  labor  cost.  The  labor  union  is  interested 
in  high  wages  and  labor  costs.  No  longer  ago 
than  this  summer  in  the  city  of  Syracuse,  N.  Y., 
there  was  a  women’s  consumer  organization  ask¬ 
ing  for  a  lower  price  for  milk  in  the  city,  while 
at  the  same  time  the  unionized  milk  drivers 
were  striking  for  higher  wages.  The  two  just 
don’t  go  together. 

Health  departments  represent  consumers.  No 
dairyman  needs  to  be  reminded  of  the  restric¬ 
tions  and  the  added  costs  in  producing  milk  that 
he  has  been  forced  to  put  on  because  of  health 
regulations. 

Many  farmers  employ  help.  Unionization  of 
farmers  would  mean  also  that  the  union  would 
tell  them  when  to  hire  and  fire  help,  and  the 
wages  they  would  have  to  pay. 

The  cost  of  membership  in  a  labor  union  is 
very  high.  You  pay  this  whether  or  not  your 
milk  brings  any  higher  price. 

Lastly,  and  what  seems  to  me  to  be  most  im¬ 
portant  of  all,  is  the  consideration  of  the  farm¬ 
er’s  independence.  You  cannot  live  on  independ¬ 
ence,  to  be  sure,  but  sometimes  I  think  about 
the  only  fun  left  in  running  a  farm  is  in  running 
it  mostly  the  way  you  want  to,  instead  of  some¬ 
body  telling  you  what  you  can  and  can  not  do 
all  the  time. 

“But,”  you  say,  “what  are  we  to  do?”  How 
are  we  to  solve  our  problems?” 

I  don’t  want  to  be  too  pessimistic,  but  all  of 
our  problems  in  any  business  never  will  be  solv¬ 
ed,  and  that  goes  especially  for  milk  marketing. 
The  best  bet,  it  seems  to  me,  is  to  get  back  of 
your  own  farm  organization  and  its  leaders. 
Then  see  to  it  that  your  organization  stands 
shoulder  to  shoulder  with  other  farm  organiza¬ 
tions,  for  individual  organizations  going  it  alone 
cannot  get  much  farther  than  the  individual 
farmers  can.  There  are  enough  good  organiza¬ 
tions  of  farmers,  if  they  will  stick  together  and 
have  the  courage  to  fight,  to  get  your  rights. 
If  farmers  won’t  support  their  own  neighbors 
and  their  own  farm  leaders  in  their  own  or¬ 
ganizations,  how  long  do  you  think  they  will 
stick  together  in  a  miners’  union  led  by  city 
men? 

Eastman’s  Chestnut 

TRAVELLING  up  and  down  the  great  farm 
country-of  the  Northeast  are  about  75  field 
representatives  of  American  Agriculturist 
whose  job  it  is  to  call  on  you  and  explain  what 
American  Agriculturist  is  trying  to  do  for  farm 
folks.  Each  week,  our  circulation  department 
publishes  a  little  paper  called  the  Pep-er-Pot 
for  our  field  representatives,  which  contains, 
among  other  things,  a  bunch  of  jokes  that  al¬ 
ways  make  me  laugh.  Here  are  a  few  stolen  from 
the  Pep-er-Pot: 

The  other  day  a  woman  burst  into  tears  in  court 
and  told  the  Judge  she  had  been  jilted  four  times  in 
the  last  two  years.  The  experience,  she  said,  had 
naturally  unmanned  her. 

*  * 

Blonde  Waitress:  “I  have  stewed  kidneys,  boiled 
tongue,  fried  liver,  and  pigs’  feet.” 

Diner:  ‘‘Don’t  tell  me  your  troubles,  sister,  give 
me  a  chicken  pie.” 

*  *  t- 

There  is  the  story  of  Johnny  McGuire 
Who  ran  through  the  town  with  his  trousers  on  fire; 
He  went  to  the  doctor’s  and  fainted  with  fright 
When  the  doctor  told  him  his  end  was  in  sight. 


AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  Constructive  and  Progressive  Since  1842.  Volume  139.  No.  5.  Published  every  other  Saturday  at  10  North  Cherry  St..  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. — Editorial  and 

Advertising  offices  at  Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca.  N.  Y.  Advertising  Representatives.  The  Katz  Agency.— Entered  as  Second  Class  Matter,  December  3,  1927,  at  the  Post  Office  at  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  under 
of  March  G,  1879  —  Frank  E.  Gannett,  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors;  E.  R.  Eastman,  president  and  editor:  Hush  L.  Cosline,  associate  editor;  Fred  W.  Ohm,  production  manager;  Mrs.  Grace  Watkins  HucKett,  nouseaoitt 
editor;  A1  Coleman,  art  editor.  Contributing  editors:  L.  B.  Skeffington.  Jared  Van  Wagenen,  Jr.,  Ed.  Mitchell.  Paul  Work,  L.  E.  Weaver,  J,  C.  Iluttar;  I,  W.  Ingalls,  advertising  manager:  10.  C.  Weatherby,  secretaiv  a 
Circulation  manager;  V.  E  Grover,  subscription  manager.  Subscription  price  payable  in  advance  *  fin  a  year  in  the  U.  S.  A, 


•s 


CHAPTER  XXXIV 

Boiling  Sap 

PARTNER,  I  sat  there  looking  at 
the  shape  of  your  head,  and  it  made 
me  think  of  the  spring  days  when  we 
used  to  boil  sap.  Don’t  be  so  touchy,  I 
didn’t  say  you  were  a  sap-head.  I  was 
talking  about  sugaring  and  such  like. 

Lots  of  folks  think  that  sugaring 
begins  in  the  spring,  but  that  isn’t  so. 
Some  of  the  real  hard  work  starts  in 
the  winter,  or  maybe  the  fall  before, 
when  you  start  getting  together  a  pile 
of  poles  and  limb  wood  to  do  the  boil¬ 
ing. 

Then  along  late  in  February  come 
some  nice  bright  days,  warm  weather, 
and  a  few  days  of  thawing  weather. 
It  is  always  hard  to  tell  whether  the 
time  has  vcome  to  tap  the  maples  or 
whether  it  is  just  a  false  alarm.  Not 
much  sugar  or  syrup  is  ever  made  in 
February.  You  can’t  be  certain  though, 
so  you  talk  it  over  with  the  neighbors 
and  consult  the  weather  prophets.  If 
the  ground-hog  saw  his  shadow  last 
Candlemas  day,  why  you  know  sugar¬ 
ing  can’t  start  before  the  middle  of 
March,  and  if  last  fall  the  brown  cat¬ 
erpillars  had  a  longer  black  spot  at 
their  rear  end  than  at  their  front  end, 
then  you  know  that  it  is  going  to  be 
a  cold  late  spring,  and  most  of  the 
cold  weather  at  that  end  of  winter.  So, 
although  a  city  man  wouldn’t  have 
known  how  to  calculate,  we  folks  on 
the  hills  had  reliable  signs  to  guide  us. 

Anyhow,  however  you  decided  it, 
there  came  a  time  when  one  man  after 
another  got  out  the  buckets  and  the 
spiles,  hooked  up  the  horses,  and  start¬ 
ed  for  the  woods.  We  used  spiles  made 
of  sumac  with  one  end  sharpened  to 
fit  the  auger  hole  in  the  tree,  a  short 
round  shank  next  to  the  tree,  and  then 
the  rest  of  the  spile  cut  down  with  a 
draw-shave  to  half  of  the  stick.  With 
a  small  red  hot  iron,  we  burned  out 
the  pith,  making  a  round  hole  through 
the  shank,  and  a  neat  little  trough 
along  the  top  of  the  part  that  had 
been  half  cut  away  with  the  draw- 
shave.  We  also  had  some  more  sub¬ 
stantial  hardwood  spiles  made  in  much 
the  same  way.  We  used  good  pine 
buckets  painted  red  on  the  outside. 

Although  the  snow  was  pretty  well 
gone  in  the  open  fields,  it  was  still 
deep  in  the  woods.  With  a  long-runner- 
ed  sleigh  and  a  good  team  of  horses 
we  broke  a  road  through  the  sugar 
bush,  following  the  track  that  had  been 
kept  fairly  free  of  trees  and  brush  by 
use  all  through  the  years  for  this  pur¬ 
pose.  Then  there  were  poorly  defined 
woods-roads  that  had  been  used  at 
some  time  to  haul  out  cord  wood.  We 
knew  all  of  them,  and  could  follow 
them  easily  where  a  stranger  might 
have  been  confused.  The  first  time 
through  was  a  little  difficult,  but  after 
that  we  had  a  task  that  became  easier 
and  easier  each  day. 

Tapping  the  trees  was  irksome  and 
always  made  my  front  sore,  because 
the  bit  was  dull  and  I  leaned  against 
it  pretty  hard.  After  the  trees  were 
tapped  and  the  buckets  hung,  we  had 
to  fix  up  the  sugar  house.  Most  sugar 
houses  in  our  neighborhood  were  rather 
open  and  ramshackle.  Ours  had  a  good 
framework  covered  with  rough  boards 
and  battens,  and  an  open-sided  cupola 
or  ventilator  on  top  to  let  the  steam 
out.  It  was  built  on  a  side  hill  so  that 


the  storage  tanks  could  be  placed  on 
the  upper  side  and  the  sap  floxV  down 
into  the  pans. 

Inside  the  sugar  house  was  a  long 
brick  fireplace  or  “arch”  as  we  called 
it,  with  room  for  three  or  four  big 
square  shallow  tin  pans.  Each  pan 
must  have  been  three  or  four  feet 
square  and  only  about  six  inches  deep. 
The  pans  were  filled  with  sap  and  a 
good  fire  built  under  them.  Long  poles 
were  used  as  fuel,  and  there  was  some 
fire  under  all  the  pans,  but  of  course 
it  was  hottest  at  the  front  end  where 
we  shoved  the  poles  in,  and  much  less 
fire  at  the  back  of  the  arch  near  the 
bottom  of  the  chimney.  The  cold  sap 
flowed  into  the  coolest  pan  back  near 
the  chimney  and  after  simmering  a 
little  was  dipped  to  the  next  pan  and 
that  in  turn  to  the  next,  so  that  the 
more  concentrated  syrup  was  in  the 
front  pan. 

We  didn’t  try  to  make  commercial 
syrup  in  the  sugar  house,  but  only 
boiled  it  down  until  it  was  thin  syrup, 
then  took  it  to  the  kitchen  to  finish  off. 

Only  a  few  years  before,  Grand¬ 
father  had  boiled  sap  in  a  big  cauldron 
kettle  hung  by  a  log  chain  from  a 
tripod  of  poles.  Our  arch  was  a  great 
improvement  on  this,  but  it  was  also 
much  less  convenient  and  economical 
of  fuel  than  the  modern  evaporators 
that  followed  'soon  after. 

One  spring  when  I  was  about  fifteen 
I  helped  my  uncle  with  sugaring. 
Uncle  Rob  had  a  nice  little  sugar  bush, 
very  handy  to  work,  and  with  a  partly 
new  sugar  house  and  arch.  He  liked 
to  have  us  around,  and  would  trust  us 
to  do  lots  of  things  that  Dad  was  too 
impatient  to  leave  to  youngsters.  My 
best  friend,  Bill,  went  over  from  dis¬ 


trict  school  with  me  to  stay  overnight 
at  Uncle  Rob’s  and  to  help  boil  sap 
at  night.  The  sugar  weather  was  per¬ 
fect,  sap  almost  ran  a  stream,  and  we 
knew  that  the  boiling  must  be  carried 
on  all  night  in  order  to  empty  the  stor¬ 
age  tanks  for  tomorrow’s  “run”. 

Charlie,  the  hired  man,  was  boiling 
through  the  supper  hour.  We  hurried 
through  supper  and  raced  for  the  sugar 
bush.  Uncle  Rob  was  to  come  out  a 
little  later.  I  pulled  open  the  sugar 
house  door  and  was  confronted  with  a 
cloud  of  steam  so  thick  that  I  couldn’t 
see  six  feet  ahead  of  me.  Charlie  .call¬ 
ed  “Hello”  from  a  low  bench,  and  Bill 
and  I  squatted  down  so  that  we  could 
see  under  the  steam  and  make  our  way 
to  the  bench. 

Charlie  was  sprawled  out  taking  it 
easy,  and  the  fire  was  burning  well. 
After  we  got  used  to  the  steam  and 
smoke,  Bill  and  I  began  to  look  around. 
First  we  got  a  dipper  and  dipped  up 
some  of  the  thicker  syrup  from  the 
front  pan.  It  took  a  little  while  to 
cool  it,  but,  my,  it  was  good  —  thin, 
sweet,  and  hot.  We  each  drank  a  small 
dipperful,  then  Bill  took  down  the 
piece  of  sheet  iron  from  the  front  of 
the  arch  and  began  to  stuff  in  more 
pole  wood.  After  a  minute  he  came 
stumbling  over  to  the  bench,  rubbing 
the  smoke  out  of  both  eyes,  and  laid 
down  so  as  to  get  as  much  below  the 
cloud  of  smoke  and  steam  as  possible. 

Charlie  gave  us  some  directions 
about  watching  the  various  pans,  and 
started  for  the  house  just  as  Uncle 
Rob  came  in  with  a  small  kettle  and  a 
basket.  We  helped  dip  sap  from  one 
pan  to  another,  and  then  went  out  to 
look  at  the  storage  tanks.  “We’ll  have 
to  boil  all  night,”  said  Uncle  Rob.  “It’s 
going  to  freeze  a  little  tonight,  then 
be  bright  and  sunny,  and  we’ll  have  a 
big  run  tomorrow.  Those  storage  tanks 
have  got  to  be  put  through  the  pans 
before  morning.  Do  you  boys  want  to 
carry  it  through  the  night?” 

Of  course  we  were  prompt  to  say 
we  did. 

Uncle  Rob  was  to  stay  with  us  until 
almost  midnight,  and  he  liked  to  have 
boys  around. 

“Want  to  sugar-off?”  said  he. 
“Sure,”  we  said.  So  we  got  out  the 
small  kettle  and  placed  it  over  the 
edge  of  the  fire  at  the  front  of  the 


,  'JT3  J 


I’VE  GOT  lumbago  in  my 
back,  and  that’s  why  I’m 
all  out  of  whack,  I  can’t  sit 
down  or  stand  again  without 
my  back  twists  up  in  pain, 
of  all  the  troubles  that  there 
is,  what  I  like  least  is  rheu- 
matiz.  It  keeps  on  hurtin” 
when  I  sit,  and  lyin’  down 
don’t  help  a  bit,  when  I  stand 
up  it  pains  still  worse,  if  I’d 
try  ridin’  in  a  hearse  it 
might  be  that  this  pain  would 
cease,  then  maybe  I  could 
rest  in  peace.  Mirandy  says 
the  thing  I  lack  is  mustard 
plasters  on  my  back,  them 
mustard  plasters  burn  so  hot 
that  your  lumbago  is  forgot, 
your  rheumatiz  they  will 
disperse  by  substitutin’  some¬ 
thing  worse. 

The  funny  thing  about  me 
is,  I  never  have  no  rheuma¬ 
tiz  except  on  wash-day,  then 
the  pain,  when  I  would  help 
Mirandy  Jane,  won’t  let  me 
crank  the  wash  machine,  it 

hurts  my  liver  and  my  spleen.  I’d  like  to  help  her  wash  the  shirts,  but  I 
can’t  when  my  torso  hurts,  she  does  the  washing  on  her  own  while  I 
just  sit  around  and  groan.  On  days  when  there  ain’t  any  work  my  back’s 
all  right  and  then  I  perk  myself  all  up  and  feel  right  good;  of  course  I 
can’t  chop  any  wood,  if  I  take  one  look  at  the  ax  my  pain  comes  back, 
and  then  my  back’s  so  bad  I  would  not  dare  to  strain  myself  by  choppin’ 
wood  again.  The  best  cure  for  the  rheumatiz  is  not  to  work,  and  so,  gee 
whiz,  I  pull  up  to  the  fire  and  sit,  I  mustn’t  strain  myself  a  bit. 


5  (143)  i 


yiCTORY 


BUY 

UNITED 
STATES 
DEFENSE 

BONDS 
STAMPS 


arch.  We  filled  the  kettle  full  of  the 
thickest  syrup  in  the  front  pan,  but 
it  was  pretty  thin  yet,  and  took  a  lot 
of  boiling. 

“Better  go  out  and  cut  and  sharpen 
some  sticks  to  eat  wax  with,”  said 
Uncle  Rob,  so  I  went  out  in  the  moon¬ 
light  and  cut  some  short  pronged 
sticks,  peeled  the  bark  off,  and  sharp¬ 
ened  the  prongs.  At  the  same  time  I 
picked  a  good  clean  snow  bank  near 
the  sugar  house,  and  with  my  hands 
packed  down  a  place  about  four  feet 
square  until  the  snow  was  solid  and 
firm. 

When  I  got  back,  Uncle  Rob  had 
been  trying  the  syrup  on  a  lump  of 
packed  snow,  and  pronounced  it  about 
ready  for  wax.  Bill  and  I  ran  a  stick 
through  the  bail  of  the  kettle,  and  with 
one  on  each  end  carefully  carried  it 
outside.  Using  a  piece  of  old  sack  as 
a  holder,  we  poured  the  hot  syrup  in 
thin  narrow  strips  criss-crossing  each 
other  on  the  packed  snow.  In  a  few 
seconds  it  cooled  into  beautiful,  gold¬ 
en,  sticky  ribbons  of  “wax”.  Then  with 
our  pointed  sticks,  we  rolled  up  big 
wads  of  wax  and  ate  them.  If  any  of 
you  readers  haven’t  tried  it,  you  don’t 
know  what  you  have  missed.  If  you 
have  eaten  maple  wax,  I  don’t  have  to 
tell  you  about  it.  But  have  you  ever 
eaten  it  with  wooden  sticks  from  a 
snow  bank  on  a  bright  moonlight  night 
in  March? 

We  went  back  into  the  sugar  house, 
put  some  wood  on  the  fires,  and  sat 
down  to  visit.  I  didn’t  think  I  would 
need  anything  more  to  eat  for  some 
time,  but  along  about  eleven  o’clock 
Bill  strolled  over  and  started  cooling 
a  dipper  of  syrup  to  drink.  So  Uncle 
Rob,  who  believed  in  feeding  boys  and 
had  a  full  appreciation  of  their  capa¬ 
city,  said: 

“How  about  some  boiled  eggs?” 

By  that  time  we  were  ready.  Uncle 
Rob  got  out  a  half-dozen  eggs  and  a 
little  folded  paper  full  of  salt  and  pep¬ 
per.  We  put  the  eggs  into  one  of  the 
pans  of  syrup,  where  it  was  boiling 
hard,  and  left  them  long  enough  to 
get  good  and  hard. 

Partner,  do  you  remember  how  to 
crack  the  shell  on  a  boiled  egg?  Sure 
you  do;  just  haul  off  and  hit  it  hard 
on  your  forehead,  but  hit  it  hard,  not 
lightly,  and  hit  the  big  end,  not  the 
pointed  one.  Otherwise  you  may  have 
a  sore  forehead.  And  so  we  got  outside 
of  the  eggs. 

Uncle  Rob  began  to  get  sleepy,  so  he 
gave  us  many  cautions  about  watching 
the  front  pans  to  see  that  the  syrup 
didn’t  burn  on  or  boil  over,  and  started 
for  the  house.  Bill  got  out  four  or  five 
potatoes,  and  put  them  into  the  coals 
to  bake,  and  we  sat  down  to  talk.  Some 
time  around  midnight  we  ate  the  bak¬ 
ed  potatoes  with  salt  on  them,  and  Bill 
proposed  that  we  take  a  little  nap.  The 
bench  was  soft  shiny  hemlock,  but 
was  far  from  being  a  feather  bed.  We 
thought  that  the  rough  boards  would 
keep  us  from  oversleeping,  or  if  the 
fire  burned  down  the  cold  would  wake 
us. 

I  don’t  know  what  happened.  Bill 
( Continued  on  Page  20) 


(144)  G 


American  Agriculturist,  February  28,  1942 


READY  to  serve 


Recognizing  that  an  efficient  use  of  fertilizers  de¬ 
pends  upon  facts,  the  American  Potash  Industry  main? 
tains  an  Institute  for  investigations  in  the  practical  use 
of  potash.  This  Institute  has  branch  offices  in  the 
South,  Midwest,  Northeast,  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  and 
in  Canada.  Its  staff  of  trained  agronomists  cooperate 
with  State  and  Federal  institutions  in  research  and  ex¬ 
perimental  work  and  with  growers  having  specific  prob¬ 
lems  in  the  use  of  plant  food.  This  service  is  supported 
by  the  American  Potash  and  Chemical  Corporation, 
Potash  Company  of  America,  and  the  United  States 
Potash  Company. 

AMERICAN  POTASH  INSTITUTE 

Incorporated 

1155  Sixteenth  St.,  N.  W.  Washington,  D.  C. 


means 
Illore  Crops 


YOUR  OWN 


YAC  A  WAY  4 

CLEANERS  -  GRADERS  -  TREATERS 


IMPROVE  YIELDS  •  plant  perfectly 
cleaned,  graded  seed.  Keep  out 
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SEE  DEALER  OR  WRITE 


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WRITE  NOW  FOR  YOUR 


fo  prepare  your  soil  so  that  your  crop 
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Manufacturers  of  soil  pulverizer-packers 


BRILLION 

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TO  GROWERS 
WHO  MIX  BORDEAUX 


NICHOLS  “INSTANT”  COPPER  SULPHATE 
is  more  than  the  old  time  copper  sulphate  which 
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really  has  “something  to  show  for  itself” 

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undissolved  crystals.  YOU  USE  IT  ALL! 

5.  EFFICIENCY  .  .  .  99%  pure,  100%  efficient. 
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6.  FASTER  OPERATIONS  .  .  .  Saves  time,  labor 
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7.  REDUCES  EQUIPMENT  .  .  .  Eliminates  extra 
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ASK  YOUR  DEALER 

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Sulfate  today.  He  also  carries  LARGE.  AND 
SMALL  CRYSTAL  and  SUPER-FINE  NICHOLS 
SULFATE  for  STANDARD  BORDEAUX,  and 
MONOHYDRATED  for  copper  lime  dusts. 
Write  for  your  copy  of  the  new  Bordeaux  Booklet. 


tfAVt  PHELPS  DODGE  REFINING  CORPORATION 

REFINERS  OF  ELECTROLYTIC  COPPER 
Offices;  40  Wall  St..  New  York,  N  Y.  .  230  N  Michigan  Ave  .  Chicago.  III. 


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mcmts 


'TRIANGLE ' 
BRAND 


LARGE  STOCK 

Catalog  free. 


new — used  tractor  parts  for  sale 
cheap.  Order  nearest  branch. 


IRVING’S  TRACTOR  LUG  CO.,  Galesburg,  III. 


MY  OVER  AND  UNDERWEIGHT  HEAD  for  beam 
scales  saves  energy,  $15.00,  free  circular.  M.  SCHU¬ 
MACHER,  WESTHAMPTON  BEACH,  NEW  YORK. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


Write  for  big,  free  1942  TRACTOR  PARTS  CATA¬ 
LOGUE;  tremendous  savings.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

CENTRAL  TRACTOR  WRECKING  CO..  Boone.  Iowa. 


Potato  Reserves  Down 


By  cM.  £.  BnjfarU 


THE  REPORT  of  merchantable  po¬ 
tatoes  on  hand  issued  January  26th, 
showed  estimated  holdings  for  the 
country  of  104,633,000  bushels  compar¬ 
ed  to  a  revised  report  for  last  year  of 
111,693,000.  This  report  reveals  rather 
heavy  holdings  in  the  northeast,  show¬ 
ing  a  total  of  43,374,000  bushels  for 
the  three  states  of  New  York,  Maine, 
and  Pennsylvania,  compared  to  41,377,- 
000  last  year.  Thus  approximately 
40%  of  the  potatoes  on  hand  as  of 
January  1st  was  located  in  the  three 
states  mentioned  above. 

This  report  ,also  reveals  a  definite 
shortage  in  some  of  the  central  and 
western  states.  Idaho  is  about  23% 
short  of  last  season,  and  North  Dakota 
and  Minnesota  together  show  approxi¬ 
mately  35%  less.  It  is  interesting  to 
note  that  our  1942  stock  on  hand  re¬ 
port  compares  in  some  respects,  and 
varies  in  others,  with  the  report  of  two 
years  ago.  In  1940  we  had  an  estimat¬ 
ed  holding  for  the  country  of  104,390,- 
000  bushels.  However,  we  had  ap¬ 
proximately  7,000,000  bushels  less  po¬ 
tatoes  in  the  three  eastern  states  of 
New  York,  Maine,  and  Pennsylvania. 
If  my  memory  serves  me  correctly, 
prices  two  years  ago  at  this  time  were 
considerably  under  our  present  prices. 
For  the  balance  of  that  season  we  had 
a  rather  sharp,  upward  movement  in 
March,  bringing  prices  to  a  level  equal 
to  our  present  prices  followed  by  a 
substantial  drop  in  prices  during  the 
tail-end  of  the  season. 

At  the  present  writing,  February 
11th,  the  potato  market  in  Aroostook 
County  is  rather  draggy  and  showing 
a  slight  downward  trend  with  prices 
ranging  from  $1.71  to  $1.74  a  hundred 
F.O.B.  Prices  to  growers  on  the  street 
in  central  Aroostook  range  between 
$2.30  and  $2.40  net,  per  barrel  bulk. 
(Equivalent  to  $1.40  to  $1.45  per  cwt.) 
Terminal  markets  all  over  the  east  rre 
slow  and  lack  activity,  but  most  of  the 
trade  in  both  the  producing  territories 
and  the  terminals  feel  quite  optimistic 
for  the  future  outlook. 

In  trying  to  evaluate  future  market 
trends  it  might  be  well  to  list  a  few 


favorable  and  unfavorable  factors. 
Some  of  the  favorable  factors  are’: 

1.  Smaller  holdings  for  the  country  as 
a  whole. 

2.  Very  much  more  favorable  demand 
conditions. 

3.  Optimism  on  the  part  of  growers 
and  buyers. 

4.  Shortage  of  potatoes  in  the  west. 

5.  Possibility  of  active  markets  creat¬ 
ed  by  abnormal  conditions,  such  as 
difficulty  in  obtaining  containers  and 
the  possibility  of  a  car  shortage. 

Some  of  the  unfavorable  factors  may 
be: 

1.  Present  prices  are  at  a  reasonable 
level  so  that  we  may  have  already 
received  the  benefits  of  some  of  the 
favorable  factors  mentioned  above. 

2.  Concentration  of  supplies  in  the 
northeast,  particularly  Maine. 

3.  Under  certain  conditions  unusual 
factors  such  as  lack  of  containers 
and  car  shortage  could  dam  up  sup¬ 
plies  in  producing  sections  and  cre¬ 
ate  an  unfavorable  condition  even 
if  outside  conditions  were  favorable. 

4.  Diversion  programs  will  not  take  as 
many  potatoes  off  the  market  at 
present  price  levels  as  was  true  last 
season. 

Anything  can  happen  in  this  potato 
market.  We  believe  it  behooves  grow¬ 
ers  to  keep  their  feet  on  the  ground 
and  attempt  to  maintain  their  aver¬ 
ages.  Maine  could  very  easily  see  a 
very  active  market  during  the  latter 
part  of  February  or  in  March,  due  to 
the  following: 

1.  New  York  turning  entirely  to  Maine 
as  soon  as  the  Long  Island  supply 
is  cleaned  up. 

2.  Wider  distribution  due  to  the  short¬ 
age  in  the  central  and  western 
states. 

3.  Light  shipments  of  table  stock  out 
of  Maine  due  to  a  heavy  seed  move¬ 
ment. 

It  is  our  guess  that  the  average 
price  for  the  balance  of  the  season  in 
the  northeast  will  be  about  in  line  with 
present  prices,  with  the  possibility  of 
some  rather  rapid  and  violent  fluctua¬ 
tions,  both  up  and  down. 


Crooked  Furrows  May  Be  Best 


DAD  has  tried  to  impress  on 

1VA  me  ever  since  I  was  a  small 
boy  that  the  mark  of  a  good  plowman 
was  a  straight  furrow.  Now  I  am  try¬ 
ing  to  convince  him  that  the  mark  of 
a  good  farmer  is  a  crooked  furrow,” 
says  Howard  Upham,  an  Oneida  Coun¬ 
ty  farmer. 

Mr.  Upham  goes  on  to  say,  ‘‘Before 
we  started  contour  strip  cropping  many 
of  our  fields  were  small  and  some  of 
them  were  very  narrow  so  that  tjiey 
had  to  be  plowed  up  and  down  the 
hill  in  order  to  avoid  a  lot  of  short 
rows.  In  1937  we  surveyed  and  re¬ 
arranged  the  fields  so  that  we  have 
long  fields  with  the  boundaries  on  the 
contour.  By  that  I  mean  that  instead 
of  plowing  over  a  hill  we  plow  around 
it  or  across  it  so  that  we  are  always 
working  on  the  level.  Of  course,  we 
had  some  field  boundaries  and  hedge¬ 
rows  to  remove  in  order  to  make  field 
combinations  possible,  but  we  will  do 
this  gradually  during  the  slack  sea¬ 
sons.” 

Mr.  Upham’s  strips  average  about 
100  feet  wide  and  when  asked  about 
the  efficiency  of  these  fields,  Mr.  Up¬ 
ham  said,  “Farming  these  narrow 
strips  is  not  as  hard  as  one  might 
think,  in  fact,  we  have  found  several 
advantages.  Plowing  and  working  on 
the  level  takes  less  gasoline  and  saves 
labor  because  we  can  use  the  next 
higher  gear  on  the  tractor  for  most 
operations.  We  also  find  that  there  is 


less  time  wasted  in  turning  because 
the  bouts  are  longer.” 

Mr.  Upham  found  that  contour  strip 
cropping  eliminated  another  time-con¬ 
suming  job.  Of  course,  his  corn  silage 
is  grown  in  contour  fields  75  to  100 
feet  wide  with  hay  on  either  side  of 
the  corn.  Mr.  Upham  says,  “This 
eliminates  cutting  roads  for  the  har¬ 
vester.  That  is  a  job  that  I  have  al¬ 
ways  hated.” 

When  asked  if  labor  saving  was  the 
only  advantage  in  farming  on  the  level, 
Mr.  Upham  said,  “This  past  season  has 
certainly  proven  to  me  that  it  paid  to 
plan  my  farm  to  conserve  all  moisture 
possible.  Even  though  it  was  one  of 
the  driest  years  we  have  experienced, 
we  had  one  of  our  best  crop  years  with 
good  stands  of  corn  and  good  crops  of 
oats  and  hay.” — Warren  C.  Huff. 

— a.  a. — 

Soybeans  Add  Protein 

How  much  extra  yield  can  I  expect  if 
I  put  in  soybeans  along  with  silage  corn? 

Experience  has  shown  that  the  total 
dry  matter  grown  on  an  acre  is  about 
10%  higher  where  soybeans  are  plant¬ 
ed  along  with  corn.  The  corn  crop  is 
cut  down  somewhat  but  the  growth  of 
the  soybeans  more  than  makes  up  the 
difference.  In  addition  to  that,  the 
silage  will  be  higher  in  protein;  and 
the  soybeans,  being  a  legume,  will  help 
maintain  soil  fertility. 


7  ' 145) 


American  Agriculturist,  February  28,  1942 


The  Farmer’s  New  York 
State  Income  Tax 

fey  Mcik  Q>uuf&i 

President,  New  York  State  Tax  Commission. 


(Editor’s  Note:  On  page  1  of  the  Janu¬ 
ary  31  issue,  we  gave  you  some  informa¬ 
tion  about  Federal  income  tax  returns 
which  must  be  filed  by  March  15.  While 
there  are  some  similarities,  the  New 
York  State  income  tax  return,  due  April 
15,  will  raise  some  additional  questions. 
You  will  find  the  answers  to  many  of 
them  in  this  article  by  Mark  Graves.) 

1  THINK  I  am  able  to  divine  the  feel¬ 
ing  of  awe  with  which  the  average 
farmer  approaches  anything  so  techni¬ 
cal  as  the  income  tax  return.  I  know 
that  from  sun-up  to  well  after  sun¬ 
down  you  are  so  occupied  with  the  de¬ 
tails  of  production  and  the  fulfillment 
of  your  destiny  as  the  backbone  of  the 
nation  that  you  are  unable  to  devote 
any  substantial  amount  of  time  to  the 
technical  phases  of  taxation.  I  also 
'know  that  your  ingrained  sense  of 
honesty  will  impel  you  not  only  to  meet 
all  your  tax  obligations  but,  possibly, 
to  go  beyond  that  and  shoulder  more 
than  your  individual  share  of  the  bur¬ 
den.  With  this  in  mind,  I  would  like 
to  point  out  to  you  a  short  cut  which 
was  evolved  for  your  benefit  and  some 
of  the  legal  means  which  you  may  em¬ 
ploy  to  make  certain  that  your  income 
is  not  computed  in  an  amount  larger 
than  need  be. 

Probably  you  are  too  busy  to  main¬ 
tain  a  complete  set  of  accounting  rec¬ 
ords  such  as  would  be  kept  if  you  were 
a  merchant  or  a  manufacturer.  How¬ 
ever,  as  a  matter  of  good  business,  you 
no  doubt  keep  records  sufficiently  com¬ 
plete  to  tell  with  some  degree  of  ac¬ 
curacy  the  amount  of  cash  received 
during  the  year  as  a  result  of  your 
toil,  and  the  amount  actually  spent  in 
the  production  of  your  farm  products. 

The  usual  and  accepted  method  of 
determining  correctly  income  which  is 
subject  to  tax  is  the  maintenance  of  a 
complete  set  of  double  entry  books  of 
account.  In  the  case  of  fai’mers,  how¬ 
ever,  we  have  recognized  that  we  can 
hardly  expect  such  completeness  of  rec¬ 
ords  and  have  permitted  the  use  of  a 
farm  income  tax  schedule  which  con¬ 
templates  merely  the  entry  of  total  re¬ 
ceipts  from  the  sale  of  various  classes 
of  products  and  the  deduction  there¬ 
from  of  amounts  expended  throughout 
the  year  in  the  production  of  such  in¬ 
come.  Therefore,  all  you  need  do  is  to 
secure  New  York  State  Income  Tax 
Farm  Schedule  of  Income  and  Ex¬ 
penses,  known  to  us  as  Form  207,  and 
follow  the  simple  instructions  given  in 
that  form. 

Most  of  the  items  do  not  need  de¬ 
tailed  explanation,  for  you  will  have 
no  trouble  in  knowing  how  much  you 
collected  during  the  year  from  the  sale 
of  milk,  for  instance,  or  from  your  sale 
of  poultry  and  eggs,  or  even  the 
amount  that  you  received  from  the 
rental  of  your  teams  and  farm  equip¬ 
ment.  There  are  other  items  of  income 
which  will  probably  occur  to  you  when 
you  examine  the  blank. 

Having  ascertained  your  gross  re¬ 
ceipts  which,  by  the  way,  include  not 
only  the  cash  received  but  the  value 
of  other  articles  received  if  you  have 
bartered  your  products  at  the  country 
store,  you  will  proceed  to  reduce  that 
amount  by  allowable  deductions.  You 
may  deduct  the  cost  of  labor  on  your 
farm,  being  careful  not  to  include  the 
value  of  your  own  services  or  those 
of  your  wife,  or  minor  children.  You 
may  also  deduct  the  cost  of  food  pur¬ 
chased  by  you  for  the  board  of  your 
employees  but  be  careful  not  to  deduct 
the  cost  of  food  purchased  for  you  or 
your  family.  The  other  deductible 
items  of  expenditure  include  anything 


which  went  into  the  raising  of  your 
crops  or  live  stock,  as  well  as  the  pur¬ 
chase  price  of  small  implements  which 
must  be  replaced  annually.  As  to  this 
last  item — if  you  have  purchased  any 
equipment,  such  as  tractors,  harrows, 
seeders  or  milking  machines,  the  pros¬ 
pective  life  of  which  is  materially  more 
than  one  year,  you  may  not  deduct  the 
total  cost  in  the  year  purchased  but 
you  must  spread  the  cost  over  the  prob¬ 
able  life  of  the  equipment  and  deduct 
only  the  portion  thereof  which  repre¬ 
sents  the  amount  of  the  costs  used  up 
during  the  year. 

One  of  the  difficult  things  for  the 
average  individual  to  understand  is  the 
difference  between  the  allowance  of 
the  total  cost  of  a  purchase  and  the  al¬ 
lowance  of  merely  a  portion  of  the 
total  cost  attributable  to  the  taxable 
year.  Let  me  illustrate  the  distinction. 


Do  you  remember  the  time  last  Spring 
when  you  moved  your  tractor  out  of 
its  Winter  resting  place  in  the  corner 
of  the  barn  and,  after  priming  the  en¬ 
gine  and  starting  it  across  the  barn 
floor,  you  came  to  a  sudden  halt  and 
wondered  what  was  wrong  ?  On  in¬ 
vestigation  you  discovered  that  one  of 
the  wheels  of  your  tractor  had  broken 
through  a  weak  spot  in  the  floor.  Af¬ 
ter  much  jacking  you  finally  got  the 
tractor  out  of  the  barn,  went  back  in 
and  surveyed  the  damage.  If  you  find 
that  there  was  merely  one  weak  board, 
the  replacement  of  which  involves  a 
nominal  cost,  you  may  deduct  the  cost 
of  the  board  or  boards  as  an  ordinary 
repair. 

If,  however,  you  find  that  the  dam¬ 
aged  board  was  merely  visible  evidence 
that  your  entire  floor  and  stringers 
were  rotted  out,  so  that  you  faced 
further  damage  and  annoyance,  and 
decided  that  it  was  time  to  replace  your 
entire  floor  structure,  you  have  a  dif¬ 
ferent  problem.  The  cost  of  this  com¬ 
plete  replacement  is  not  an  ordinary 
repair  but  is  a  capital  expense.  This 
capital  expense  is  ultimately  deductible 
in  full,  but  you  may  not  deduct  the 
total  cost  in  the  year  in  which  the  e- 
placement  is  made.  If  your  experience 


has  shown  that,  under  the  conditoins 
existing  on  your  farm,  a  new  floor  will 
last  ten  years,  you  may  deduct  only 
one-tenth  of  the  cost  in  the  first  year 
and  an  additional  one-tenth  in  each  of 
the  succeeding  nine  years. 

You  may,  of  course,  deduct  interest 
which  you  have  paid,  even  though  the 
amount  borrowed  may  have  been  for 
personal  rather  than  farm  uses.  All  of 
your  taxes  may  be  deducted  with  the 
exception  of  income,  inheritance  and 
gift  taxes.  Insurance  on  your  build¬ 
ings,  crops,  stock,  etc.,  but  not  insur¬ 
ance  on  your  home,  may  be  deducted. 

It  is,  of  course,  impossible  in  the 
scope  of  an  article  such  as  this  to 
cover  the  entire  question,  but  I  hope 
that  what  I  have  said  will  be  of  some 
assistance  to  you  in  the  fulfillment  of 
the  duties  imposed  on  you  by  the  New 
York  State  Income  Tax  Law.  If  you 
have  any  unusual  problems  whieh  you 
would  like  solved,  the  Income  Tax  staff 
at  Albany  will  be  glad  to  assist. 
Simply  write  to  the  Income  Tax  Bu¬ 
reau,  stating  the  facts.  You  know,  of 
course,  that  the  State  requirements  this 
year  are  somewhat  more  liberal  than 
those  of  the  Federal  Government  and 
that  you  will  not  be  required  to  file  a 
( Continued  on  Page  21) 


★  WORKS  FOR  YOU  EVERY  DAY  OF  THE  YEAR 


FREE  PLANS  AND  SPECIFICATIONS 

This  house  is  made  up  of  two  portable  units  mounted  on  skids.  When 
placed  together  on  clean  ground,  they  provide  central  farrowing  quar¬ 
ters  for  4  sows  and  litters.  There  is  a  feed  alley  between  the  pens.  Over 
the  pens  is  space  for  feed  storage  or  straw  loft.  Outside  door  for  each  pen. 

When  it’s  time  to  move  the  pigs  to  pasture,  the  units  are  separated 
and  hauled  to  clean  ground.  This  new  4-Square  Utility  Multi-Use  House 
meets  every  requirement  for  the  sanitary  system  of  raising  pigs.  It  also 
serves  many  other  uses  throughout  the  year — summer  shelter  for  pigs 
or  poultry  —  as  a  calf  pen  or  sheep  shelter.  Tested  and  proved,  it  serves 
a  useful  purpose  every  day  of  the  year  to  reduce  the  cost  of  shelter. 

You  can  build  these  units  easily  and  economically  with  free  plans 
furnished  by  your  4-Square  Lumber  Dealer.  Accurate  material  lists  as¬ 
sure  your  getting  the  exact  amount  of  4-Square  Lumber  no  more,  no 
less.  4-Square  Lumber  is  improved  and  ready-to-use.  It  comes  in  exact 
lengths  and  sizes  with  ends  already  squared  which  eliminate  needless 
sawing,  fitting  and  material  waste.  For  detailed  description  of  this  house 
mail  the  coupon  below. 

A  FREE  GUIDE  TO  BIGGER  HOG  PROFITS 

Learn  how  to  make  bigger  hog  profits  through  proper 
housing.  Send  coupon  today  for  a  free  copy  of  the 
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SQUARE  LUMBER 


THE  LUMBER  FOR  YOUR  FARM 

4-Square  Lumber  is  the  best  and  most 
economical  building  material  for  all  farm 
construction.  Available  in  many  species 
and  grades;  cut  to  exact  lengths,  square 
ends,  smooth  surfaces,  thoroughly  sea¬ 
soned,  it  lowers  building  costs,  reduces 
waste,  assures  better  construction. 

•Copvright  1942.,  Weyerhaeuser  Sales  Company 


WEYERHAEUSER  SALES  COMPANY 

2315  First  National  Bank  Building,  Saint  Paul,  Minnesota 

Send  me  the  new  4-Square  Book  on  Hog  Housing  and  Equipment. 


AMtt 


I  want  to  build . 

Name . 

Address . . . 

Town .  Co. 


•  •  e  o  e  » 

•  •  ••••  £•*»««»«  «>••••>••••<»•• 
St&tc . ••••••«•*•**••••#« 


(146)  a 


American  Agriculturist,  February  28,  1942 


zi7 


ft  iff  c, 


Clovers,  Alfa Ifa,  Timothy  Seed 

“Cream  of  the  Crop”  —  99.50%  Pure  or  Better 

Due  to  smallei  acreage  and  wet  conditions.  Alfalfas.  Clovers  and  Timothy 
crops  were  smallest  in  4  to  5  years.  This,  plus  necessary  lend-lease  ex¬ 
ports  indicates  coming  shortage  of  reliable  seed,  or  higher  prices,  or  both. 
Fortunately,  our  presont  supplies  are  ample,  but  wise  buyers  will  select 
their  needs  early  —  to  be  sure  of  both  seed  and  quality.  Every  bushel  of 
Dibble  seed  is  hardy,  from  extreme  northern  states,  and  of  verified  origin. 
It’s  adapted  to  your  soil  and  climate.  All  sold  with  our  famous  10-day 
moncy-back-if-you-want-it  GUARANTEE,  subject  to  any  test  you  wish 
to  make. 

D.  B.  TIMOTHY  SEED  D.  B.  Northwestern  Alfalfa 

D.  B.  MEDIUM  RED  CLOVER  D.  B.  GRIMM  ALFALFA 

D.  B.  Mammoth  Red  Clover  D.  B.  Wh.  Blossom  Sweet  Clover 
Timothy— Alsike  Natural  Mixture  Cornell  Pasture  Mixtures 

Full  Stock  of  OATS.  BARLEY.  CORN.  SPRING  WHEAT, 

PEAS,  SOY  BEANS,  BUCKWHEAT,  SEED  POTATOES. 


EVERT  BAG 
hasa  TAG 
sktnmy 

PURITY 

and 

germination 


<4 


TEST 


THE  DIBBLE  CREED: 
it  is  possible  to  grow, 
possible. 


One  Quality  Only — the  BEST 
One  Price  Only — the  LOWEST 


Catalog. 
Price  List 
FREE 
SEND  TODAY! 


EDWARD  F.  DIBBLE  SEEDGROWER  BOX  C,  KONEOYE  FALLS,  N.  Y. 


wmm 


rpee’s 


There  will  be  both  pleasure  and 
profit  in  a  Victory  Garden  this 
summer.  The  war  with  its  short¬ 
ages  of  labor  and  transportation 
threatens  a  shortage  of  and  high¬ 
er  prices  for  fresh  vegetables. 
Burpee’s  Vegetable  Garden  is  a  real 
“bargain” — $3.35  value  for  $2  all 
25  varieties  at  right— enough  seeds 
for  up  to  40  x  60  ft.  of  ground. 

Please  order  direct  from  this  ad,  en¬ 
closing  personal  cheek  or  money 
order  for  $2  and  we’ll  send  postpaid. 

BURPEE’S  SEED  CATALOG  FREE. 

SPECIAL!  Packet  of 

Burpee's 

elfuce 

The  New  Vegetable 

with  every 
order  from 
this  ad 


FREE 


W.  Atlee  Burpee  Co 

802  Burpee  Building,  Philadelphia 


Garden 


All  25  Varieties,  Burpee's  Best: 

Specially  selected  to  provide  a  fine 
garden  that  should  produce  plenty 
of  fresh  vegetables  for  all  the  family. 

Vi  Lb.  Bush  Bean,  Stringless  Green  Pod 
Vi  Lb.  Bush  Bean,  “  Surecrop  Wax 
Lb.  Bush  Lima  Bean,  Burpee’s  Impr. 

Vi  Lb.  Peas,  Burpee’s  Blue  Bantam 
1  Oz.  Spinach,  Burpee’s  Victoria 
1  Pkt.  Beet,  Burpee’s  Extra  Early 
1  “  Beet,  “  Red  Ball  (mid-season) 

1  “  Cabbage,  Golden  Acre 

1  “  Carrot,  Burpee’s  Goldinhart 

1  “  Carrot,  Tendersweet  (long) 

1  “  Cucumber,  Early  Fortune 

1  “  Lettuce,  Big  Boston  (butterhead) 

1  “  Lettuce,  Gr.  Rapids  (loosehead) 

1  “  Onion,  Southport  Yellow  Globe 

1  “  Parsley,  Extra  Curled  Dwarf 

1  “  Radish,  Burpee’s  Rapid  Red 

1  “  Radish,  White  Icicle  (long) 

1  “  Salsify,  Sandwich  Is.  Mammoth 

1  “  Summer  Squash,  Early  Wh.  Bush 

1  “  Sw.  Corn,  Burpee’s  Golden  Bantam 
1  “  Sweet  Corn,  Howling  Mob  (white) 
1  “  Turnip,  Purple-Top  White  Globe 
1  “  Parsnip,  Guernsey 
1  “  Swiss  Chard,  Lucullus 
1  “  Tomato,  Marglobe 

Value  $3.35  for  only 


*2 


- FREE - 

1942  CATALOG 

describing  all  kinds  of  vegetable  plants. 
Tells  how  to  plant,  spray  and  care  for 
the  garden.  Write  for  your  copy  today. 

P.  D.  FULWOOD,  Dept.  118,  Tifton,  Ga. 


Fieldgrown  Vegetable  Plants 

crops.  Cabbage,  Onions,  Tomatoes,  Potatoes,  Peppers 
Write  for  free  catalog.  Omega  Plant  Farms,  Omega,  Ga. 


Write  for  prices  on  SCHROER’S  BETTER  VEGE¬ 
TABLE  PLANTS.  Cabbage,  onion,  Broccoli,  Tomato, 
hot  and  sweet  pepper,  eggplants  and  sweet  potato. 
SCHROER  PLANT  FARMS,  VALDOSTA,  GEORGIA. 


LEGUME  AND  GRASS  SEEDS 


Grimm,  Cossack  &  Ladak  Alfalfa;  Sweet,  Red  &  Alsike 
Clovers ;  Timothy,  Bromus,  Crested  Wheat,  other  grasses. 
GRIMM  ALFALFA  ASSOCIATION,  FARGO,  N.  D. 
500  cooperating  growers. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


Home  Beautification 

Though  the  planting  of 

Evergreens,  Flowering  Shrubs,  Roses 
Grow  More  Fruit 

Reduce  the  cost  of  living.  Apples,  Pears,  Peaches, 
Grapes,  Berries,  etc.  Send  for  Descriptive  Catalog. 
Dependable  Nursery  Stock  at  very  reasonable  prices. 
The  leading  up-to-date  trustworthy  varieties. 

THE  WILSON  NURSERIES 

Thomas  Marks  &  Son 

WILSON  NEW  YORK 

Located  in  the  Center  of  the  Famous  Fruit  Beit 
of  Niagara  County  for  the  past  Thirty  Years. 

EARLIEST  TOMATOES 


JUNG'S  WAYAHEAD  BEATS  THEM 

Has  big  red  fruit  ripening  as  early  as  July 
4th.  Regular  price,  15c  per  packet,  but  to 
introduce  Jung’s  Quality  Seeds  we  will 
send  a  trial  packet  of  this  Tomato,  also 
Cream  Lettuce,  Earliest  Radishes,  graceful 
garden  Pinks  and  Giant.  Zinnias,  .  .  ;  . 
rncr  all  for  10c;  In  Canada,  20c. 
rlxCC  Our  beautiful  colored  catalog  of 
bargains  In  Seeds,  Plants,  Shrubs,  Hybrid 
Corn  and  Certified  Seed  Grain.  Coupon 
for  Rare  Premiums  in  each  catalog. 

J>  W.  Jung  Seed  Co.,  Sta.16,  Randolph, Wis, 


ALL! 


•HARRIS  StCDS- 

BEST  FOR  THE  NORTH 


WE  HAVE  THESE  VIGOROUS  EARLY  STRAINS  OF 

Tomatoes,  Peppers,  Sweet  Corn,  Muskmelons, 

Qflligch  Poofc  ofr  Which  Insure  success  for  gardeners 

Ol|Ud3ll,  DCC Id,  Cll.)  whose  seasons  are  shon. 

Our  northern-grown  stocks  are  noted  everywhere  for  their 
vitality,  fine  quality,  and  high  yield. 

Our  Catalog  of  the  best  flowers  and  vegetables  is  well  worth 
having.  Send  for  yours  today— and  to  insure  getting  the  best 
seed,  order  direct  by  mail  from  our  seed  farm. 

If  you  grow  for  market,  ask  for  the  Market 
Gardeners  and  Florists  Price  List. 


New  York  State  Certified  Joseph  Harris  Co.,  Inc., 34  Moreton  Farm,  Rochester, N.Y. 
PRITCHARD’S  SCARLET  TOPPER 


•0)42  catalog  rwwAmdq. 


NEW  VARIETIES 

°i  Vegetables 

_  fitf.  Paul  'Wa’dz - 

MANY  vegetable  growers,  both  com¬ 
mercial  and  home,  like  to  follow 
the  developments  in  new  varieties.  The 
former  are  looking  for  the  things  that 
will  yield  well  at  the  time  when  they 
want  to  harvest  and  that  will  afford 
improvement  in  quality.  Of  course, 
they  have  to  look  out  for  many  other 
points  essential  for  dollars  and  cents 
success,  such  as  uniformity  of  matur¬ 
ity,  ability  to  stand  up  well  on  the 
way  to  market,  adaptation  to  local  con¬ 
ditions,  and  a  host  of  other  points. 
For  the  home  gardener  a  new  offering 
must  grow  well  under  the  local  condi¬ 
tions  and  thus  afford  really  high  qual¬ 
ity.  We  have  reached  the  point  where 
it  is  not  necessary  to  have  vegetables 
of  low  quality  in  the  home  garden, 
stringy  beans,  sweetless  sweet  corn, 
woody  carrots,  and  pumpkin-like  musk¬ 
melons. 

The  1941  trial-ground  season  did  not 
reveal  as  many  new  things  of  special 
promise  as  some  years,  but  there  are 
several  variations  and  improvements 
that  are  worth  trying. 

The  MINNOVAL  eggplant  is  an  early 
variety  from  Minnesota  and  worthy  of 
trial  alongside  New  Hampshire  Hybrid. 
The  plant  is  more  erect  and  the  leaves 
are  larger  and  darker.  Fruits  are  of 
about  the  same  size  and  shape  as  New 
Hampshire,  and  darker  in  color. 

BEANS 

The  TENDERPOD  bean  won  an  All 
America  award  in  1941  and  is  of  the 
same  general  type  as  Tendergreen, 
round  podded,  green  and  of  attractive 
appearance  and  good  quality.  It  is  a 
trifle  later,  straighter  in  pod,  and 
darker  in  color  than  Tendergreen. 

BLUE  LAKE,  a  round  podded  pole 
bean  widely  grown  on  the  West  Coast, 
has  been  attracting  some  interest  dur¬ 
ing  the  past  few  years.  It  does  not 
seem  to  stand  heat,  drought,  and  rust 
under  our  conditions  and  the  pods  are 
not  as  nice  as  they  are  in  Oregon  or 
Washington.  We  think  SCOTIA  is 
better  for  home  gardens  in  our  climate, 
being  earlier  and  less  stringy.  Of  course, 
KENTUCKY  WONDER  is  an  old  re¬ 
liable  and  many  think  that  it  cannot 
be  beat  for  quality.  DECATUR  is  a 
new  strain  similar  to  Blue  Lake,  resis¬ 
tant  to  rust  and  common  mosaic,  a  lit¬ 
tle  more  vigorous  in  growth,  probablj 
more  productive,  and  a  little  less 
stringy  than  Blue  Lake. 

CELERY 

CORNELL  6  and  CORNELL  19  cel¬ 
eries  have  now  been  pretty  widely  tried 
and  there  is  strong  demand  for  the 
seed.  These  may  be  described  as  self¬ 
blanching  Pascals  with  the  thick  fleshy 
leaf  stalk  of  the  old  green  GIANT 
PASCAL.  They  are  resistant  to  fusari- 
um,  have  good  heart,  are  smooth  rib¬ 
bed,  and  less  stringy  than  GOLDEN 
SELF-BLANCHING  and  GOLDEN 
PLUME.  Some  prefer  one  and  some 
the  other  of  these  two. 

SUMMER  PASCAL  is  not  as  readily 
blanched  as  the  Cornell  varieties,  but 
is  a  very  good  celery,  as  is  MASTER¬ 
PIECE. 

TOMATOES 

All  kinds  of  reports  come  in  regard¬ 
ing  the  VICTOR  tomato.  One  man  in 
Cayuga  County  had  tomatoes  to  sell 
’in  June  last  year  and  he  likes  it  very 
well.  Some  who  have  tried  it  would 
not  have  it  on  the  place  again.  Ap¬ 
parently  the  answer  is  that  Victor  re¬ 
quires  fertile  soil  and  a  good  moisture 
supply.  The  plant  is  dwarf  and  the 
foliage  is  sparse,  but  the  fruits  are 


For  better  crops,  bigger 
yields  try  GROWMORE 
Selected  and  Adapted  Seeds — 
famous  for  QUALITY  since 
1895.  We  offer  only  the  best, 
hardy,  Northern  grown  alfalfas, 
clovers,  oats,  corn,  barley,  pas¬ 
ture  mixtures,  special  grasses, 
etc.  —  approved,  recommended 
varieties — all  tested,  tried  and 
true  to  name.  Write  for  name 
of  nearest  GROWMORE  repre¬ 
sentative. 

GARDNER  SEED  CO.,  Inc. 
39  Spencer  St.,  Rochester,  N.Y. 


FINEST 


FOR  47  YRS. 


The  Choice  of  Progressive  Farmers  ( 


We  can  now  ship  Spouts,  Buckets,  Covers,  Tanks 
and  Supplies  from  Stock  and  an  Evaporator,  made 
of  English  Tin,  within  a  week. 


Our  Stock  is  limited  due  to  the  shortage  of 
material  and  we  ask  that  you  place  your  order 
promptly  to  be  sure  of  delivery. 

Send  for  Circular  B  telling  us  the  number  of 
trees  you  tap  and  what  utensils  you  need.  We 
will  quote  prices  promptly. 

GRIMM  MAPLE  SUGAR  UTENSILS 
G.  H.  Grimm  Company,  -  -  -  Rutland,  Vt. 


STRAWBERRIES 

PAYallen’s  berry  book 

*  *  describes  best  early  me¬ 

dium,  late  and  everbearing  varie¬ 
ties.  Tells  how  to  grow  big  lus¬ 
cious  berries  for  home  and  mar¬ 
ket.  Copy  Free.  Write  Today. 

W.  F.  ALLEN  COMPANY 
17  Evergreen  Ave.,  Salisbury,  Md. 


Qtrauihorrv  Plants  Leading  varieties.  Stockv 
Oil  dnucl  I  y  nallis  plants.  Prices  reasonable. 
Catalog  free.  W.  E.  BENNING,  CLYDE,  NEW  YORK. 


PPPPY  PLANTS.  Strawberry.  Raspberry,  Blackberry. 
DE.mil  Gooseberry,  Currant,  Grape  plants.  Catalog. 

L.  J.  FARMER,  PULASKI,  NEW  YORK. 


This  is  the  welcome  message  your 
dollar  will  bring  to  thousands  of 
cancer  sufferers  in  1942.  Help  us 
carry  on  the  fight. 

Enlist  in  your  local  field  army  nowi 
Buy  package  labels  today. 

If  you  live  in  the  Metropolitan  Area* 
address  the  New  York  City  Cancer 
Committee,  130  East  66th  Street. 


AMERICAN  SOCIETY  FOR 
THE  CONTROL  OF  CANCER 


New  York,  New  York 


XvX;. 


iv-.v’.XvXx.vyx:: 

-.ox 


9  (147) 


American  Agriculturist,  February  28,  1942 


very  attractive  and  almost  as  early  as 
Earliana. 

BOUNTY,  from  the  North  Dakota 
Experiment  Station,  is  similar  to  Vic¬ 
tor,  but  is  reported  as  giving  a  heavier 
yield.  HOME  GARDEN  from  New 
Hampshire  is  earlier,  but  fruits  are 
smaller  and  yield  seems  to  be  lower. 

Our  trials  in  1941  made"us  suspect 
that  MORSE  498  may  be  one  of  the 
best  of  the  strains  of  Earliana,  hav¬ 
ing  smoother  and  better  fruits  than  are 
usual  with  that  variety.  In  my  own 
garden  it  was  earlier  than  Victor. 

PAN  AMERICA  is  a  new  fusarium 
resistant  variety  from  the  Bureau  of 
Plant  Industry  in  Washington  and  a 
mighty  nice  tomato.  The  vines  are 
large  and  vigorous,  but  it  is  a  little 
late  for  most  of  New  York.  The  fruits 
will  mature  about  with  MARGLOBE  or 
RUTGERS  and  in  our  trial  the  early 
pickings  were  not  very  heavy.  How¬ 
ever,  it  yields  exceedingly  attractive 
round  fruits,  does  not  crack  as  badly 
as  Marglobe  and  is  well  worth  trying 
to  follow  our  early  and  mid-season  va¬ 
rieties.  It  will  probably  be  more  suc¬ 
cessful  south  of  the  New  York-Penn- 
sylvania  line  than  north  of  it. 

Progress  in  Peas 

Among  peas,  MORSE  PROGRESS, 
which  is  similar  to  LAXTON  PROG¬ 
RESS  and  CONFIDENCE,  which  is  of 
Thomas.  Laxton  type,  seem  to  be  pro¬ 
lific  strains  with  good  pods  and  in  our 
trial  last  year  showed  more  resistance 
to  heat  than  most  peas. 

The  YANKEE  HYBRID,  a  straight- 
neck  squash,  continued  to  perform  very 
well.  Eight  plants  in  my  garden  seem¬ 
ed  to  give  us  an  armful  of  squash 
every  other  day  and  we  almost  found¬ 
ered  ourselves  and  the  neighborhood. 

A  good  many  questions^  are  being 

_  Feeding  Wheat 

NORTHEASTERN  dairymen  can 
with  profit  use  thousands  of  tons 
of  feed  wheat  recently  released  by  the 
government  from  midwestern  ever-nor- 
mal  granaries.  The  cost  of  the  wheat 
will  be  from  $3  to  $5  a  ton  less  than 
the  price  of  corn.  The  use  of  this  wheat 
will  enable  a  dairyman  to  save  at  least 
$1  per  ton  on  mixed  feed  costs. 

There  are  1,700,000  cows  in  the 
Northeast.  These  cows  are  eating 
about  35,700  tons  of  grain  each  week 
and,  for  maximum  production,  they 
should  be  eating  much  more.  But  even 
on  the  basis  of  this  low  rate  of  con¬ 
centrate  feeding,  a  saving  of  $1  per 
ton  in  feed  cost  means  a  saving  of 
835,700  each  week  to  the  dairymen  in 
the  Northeast. 

This  wheat  can  be  used  in  dairy  ra¬ 
tions  with  satisfactory  results  if  a  few 
points  regarding  the  nature  of  wheat 
are  kept  in  mind. 

1.  Wheat  is  heavier  than  most  feeds 
commonly  used  in  dairy  rations.  One 
quart  of  ground  oats  -weighs  about  .7 
pound.  One  quart  of  ground  wheat 
weighs  1.7  pounds. 

2.  When  a  heavy  concentrate  mix¬ 
ture  is  fed,  it  is  more  important  than 
ever  to  weigh  the  feed  for  each  cow, 
at  least  long  enough  to  be  sure  of  the 
amount  being  fed. 

3.  Wheat  is  likely  to  become  very 
pasty  when  it  is  chewed.  This  char¬ 
acteristic  may  be  partly  offset  by 
grinding  it  coarse  and  mixing  with 
other  ingredients. 

4.  Wheat  is  a  little  higher  in  protein 
than  corn  or  oats,  but  it  is  lower  in 
fat.  It  ranks  very  high  in  percentage 
of  total  digestible  nutrients. 

5.  Wheat  is  low  in  calcium.  Rations 
containing  large  amounts  of  ground 
wheat  should  include  20  pounds  of 
steamed  bone  meal  per  ton.  If  the 
roughage  is  good  alfalfa  hay,  there  is 
little  danger  of  calcium  deficiency  even 
when  most  of  the  concentrate  mixture 
is  ground  wheat. 


asked  about  CELTUCE.  This  is  a 
Chinese  stem  lettuce  which  has  long 
been  known  to  a  few,  but  has  only  re¬ 
cently  been  introduced  commercially 
by  Burpee.  The  leaves  are  pretty  coarse 
for  salads  although  they  may  be  used 
while  they  are  young.  The  center  stalk 
comes  up  early  and  supplies  the  edible 
part.  When  this  stalk  is  a  foot  or  so 
high,  plants  are  cut,  leaves  are  trim¬ 
med  off,  the  outside  of  the  stalk  is 
peeled  away  and  the  translucent  heart 
is  used  either  slit  into  little  sticks  to 
be  eaten  like  celery,  or  it  may  be  cook¬ 
ed  and  served  with  butter  or  a  cream 
dressing.  Opinions  differ  as  to  its 
merits.  I  think  it  has  promise  and 
shall  try  it  again. 

Early  Sweet  Corns 

The  breeders  have  brought  forth  a 
whole  flock  of  sweet  corn  varieties. 
SENECA  60-13  is  not  quite  as  early  as 
SENECA  60,  but  shows  materially  bet¬ 
ter  ears  and  seems  to  be  one  of  the 
best  of  the  first  earlies.  Others  that 
are  worth  trying  are:  NORTH  STAR 
and  SPANCROSS  4,  which  is  not  to 
be  confused  with  the  old  Spancross  2. 
LEXINGTON  from  the  Connecticut 
Station  has  joined  the  mid-season 
group  which  includes  Marcross,  Car- 
melcross,  Northern  Cross  and  others. 

A  number  of  main  crop  or  late  varie¬ 
ties  and  strains  have  come  along  for 
trial,  among  them  are:  TRISTATE, 
MOHAWK,  HIAWATHA,  ARISTO- 
GOLD,  LINCOLN,  and  LEE;  the  two 
latter  from  the  Connecticut  Station. 

The  newer  varieties  and  the  present 
situation  as  regards  supply  and  prices 
of  vegetable  seeds  are  discussed  in  Cor¬ 
nell  Extension  Bulletin  476.  It  is  free 
to  New  Yorkers,  but  will  cost  out-of- 
staters  four  cents.  For  sources  of  the 
newer  things  and  others,  drop  a  line 
to  American  Agriculturist . 

to  Dairy  Cows 

Most  dairymen  prefer  a  bulky  feed. 
Ingredients  that  normally  are  used  to 
add  bulk  to  dairy  rations  are  high  in 
price.  Unless  cows  are  being  fed  up  to 
the  limit  of  their  digestive  capacity 
(and  few  are),  it  probably  doesn’t  pay 
under  present  conditions  to  put  much 
emphasis  on  bulkiness. 

Most  of  the  cows  in  the  Northeast 
are  not  fed  up  to  the  limit  of  their 
capacity  and  a  *  heavy  concentrate 
should  not  hurt  these  cows.  They  could 
easily  consume  several  thousand  tons 
of  feed  wheat  every  week.  With  this 
wheat  costing  dairymen  $3  to  85  per 
ton  less  than  other  grains  or  ingredi¬ 
ents,  savings  would  soon  mount  to 
many  thousands  of  dollars. 

Here  are  some  suggestions  on  how 
to  use  wheat  in  dairy  rations: 

With  mixed  hay  or  legume  hay 


Any  good  20%  protein  dairy  feed  -  1500  lbs. 

Ground  wheat  _  500  lbs. 

(18%  protein — 3.5%  fat)  2000  lbs. 

Any  good  24%  dairy  feed  -  1000  lbs. 

Ground  wheat  _ , -  1000  lbs. 

(18%  protein — 2.8%  fat)  2000  lbs. 

Coarsely  ground  wheat _ -  500  lbs. 

Gluten  feed  _ 500  lbs. 

Oats  _  500  lbs. 

Linseed  oil  meal  _  260  lbs. 

Corn  Distillers’  Dried  Grains _  200  lbs. 

Steamed  bone  meal  _  20  lbs. 

Salt  . 20  lbs. 

(18.8%  protein — 3.3%  fat)  2000  lbs. 

T.  D.  N.  per  ton  _  1537  Tbs. 

With  timothy  hay 

Coarsely  ground  wheat  _  700  lbs. 

Gluten  feed  _  500  lbs. 

Hominy  feed  and  corn  meal _  260  lbs. 

Linseed  oil  meal  _  200  lbs. 

Corn  distillers’  dried  grains  _  200  lbs. 

Wheat  bran  _  100  lbs. 

Steamed  bone  meal _  20  lbs. 

Salt  . 20  lbs. 

*  - 

(18.2%  protein — 3%  fat)  2000  lbs. 
T.  D.  N.  per  ton  _  1586  lbs. 

Coarsely  ground  wheat  _  400  lbs. 

Gluten  feed  _  500  Tbs. 

Linseed  oil  meal  _  500  lbs. 

Hominy  feed  and  corn  meal _ _ _  360  lbs. 

Corn  distillers’  dried  grains  _  200  lbs. 

Steamed  bone  meal  _  20  lbs. 

Salt  . . . - . . . .  20  lbs. 

(21%  protein — 3.5%  fat)  2000  lbs. 
T.  D.  N.  per  ten  _  1584  lbs. 


SOUND  A  HEALTH 


for  Cows  About  to  Freshen 


DAIRY  ASSOCIATION  CO.,  Inc. 

Dept.  12,  Lyndonville,  Vermont 


Here’s  a  cold- weather  warning!  Soon  a  number 
of  your  cows  will  approach  freshening  .  .  .  right 
when  vitality  and  resistance  are  at  lowest  ebb. 
Months  of  dry,  rich  feeds,  close  housing,  lack  of 
exercise  will  make  the  ordeal  hard . . .  and  threaten 
her  future  worth.  Let  Kow-Kare  step  in  and 
promote  a  build-up  of  the  vital  organs  of  diges-  • 
tion  and  assimilation ...  where  most  break¬ 
downs  originate.  The  Iron,  Iodine  and  medic¬ 
inal  herbs  and  minerals  in  the  famous  Kow-Kare 
formula  are  aimed  right  at  these  vital  functions. 
Start  adding  Kow-Kare  now — a  tablespoonful 
with  the  feed;  it’s  the  ounce  of  prevention  that 
may  save  endless  worries  later.  Sold  by  feed, 
drug  and  general  stores — $1.25  and  65^  sizes. 
If  dealer  is  not  supplied  we  will  mail  postpaid. 


FREE  Cow  Book 

Write  for  your  free  copy  6f 
authoritative  treatise  on 
cow  ailments.  Edited  by 
an  eminent  veterinarian  to 
help  you  with  those  numer¬ 
ous  troubles  that  can  suc¬ 
cessfully  be  treated  at  home. 
Ask  for  “Home  Aids  to 
Cow  Health.” 


get  lore  money 
for  your  milk! 


Arctic  Jet's  unique  "Can-Top"  Cool¬ 
ing  cuts  bacteria  count  ...  boosts  pro¬ 
fits  ...  saves  time  and  labor.  Y ou'll  find 
it  clean,  quick  and  easy  to  operate. 


Write  Dept. B-1  for  descriptive  literature 
THE  SARGENT-ROUNDY  CORP. 
Randolph,  Vermont 


TOBACCO 


GUARANTEED,  best  chewing,  smoking  or  cigarette, 
five  pounds  $1.50,  ten  $2.50.  Pipe  and  box  cigars  free. 
Pay  Postman.  A.  P.  FORD,  MAYFIELD,  KY. 


Operators 

Prosper! 


Fords  Portable  Ham- 
mermill  Operators 
now  "cashing  in"  on 
steadily  increasing  nation-wide  demand  for  cus¬ 
tom-mixed  feeds  on  farmers’  own  premises.  Only 
Fords  wiuipment  performs  all  three  optional  ser¬ 
vices:  straight-grinding,  mixing  with  supplements, 
and  "sweet  feed”  production  by  exclusive  Molasses 
Impregnator.  Positively  no  delay  for  mixing.  25% 
down,  balance  from  earnings.  Investigate  today. 
Myers-Sherman  Co.,  1221  E.  12th  St.,  Streator.  III. 


SAVE  THE 
JUICE! 

Wood  is  the  proven- 
best  material  for  silos 
and  curing  silage.  All 
wood  silos  aren’t  alike. 
Only  the  Unadilla  has 
the  patented  lock  dow- 
elling  that  ties  the  en¬ 
tire  silo  into  a  Juice-y 
Tight,  wind-proof,  en¬ 
during  structure.  With 
fair  care  it  will  outlast 
any  other  silo. 

For  grass  silage  as  well  as 
corn,  it  is  most  important 
to  Save  the  Juice  which 
contains  valuable,  body¬ 
building  mineral  food. 

Write  Today  for  Catalog 
and  our  early-order  low 
prices.  Unadilla  Silo  Co., 
Box  B,  Unadilla,  N.  Y. 
Agents  Wanted  —  Open  Territory 


Kr> 


FRONTS 
UDDElJi 

UNADILLA 

SILOS 


(148)  1 0 


American  Agriculturist,  February  28,  1942 


J^o^itkeaAi  .MeUiketi  few  ft oxilteadt  Pn&duae/M 


HOLSTEIN 


Buy  Them  Young  and  Save  Money 

Your  next  Herd  Sire  from  one  of  our  Outstanding 
Show  Bulls.  Bred  for  production  too. 

Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  "  y"8, 

DAIRY  COWS  HOLSTEINSEand  GUERNSEYS 

Fresh  and  nearby.  Blood-tested. 

Frank  W.  Arnold,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 
FOR  SALE:  At  Farmer’s  Prices, 

sons  of  excellent  type  from  our  4%  “Invincible”  daugh¬ 
ters  sired  by  Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

Orchard  Hill  Stock  Farm,  FM0'rt  piain!°NkV. 
FOR  SALE:  Holstein  Bull  Calves, 

sons  of  Commodore  Constance,  Dam  K.O.I.  Pauline 
made  1019  lbs.  fat,  28079  lbs.  milk;  was  N.  Y.  Stato 
Champion.  Out  of  high  producing,  excellent  type  dams 
backed  by  4%  test  dams.  At  farmers’  prices.  PAUL 
STERUSKY,  Sunnyhill  Dairy  Farm,  Little  Falls.  N.  Y. 

Two  Registered  Holstein  Bulls, 

YEARLING  AND  TWO  YEAR  OLD,  FROM  PROVEN 
SIRE  AND  HIGH  PRODUCING  DAMS. 
ACCREDITED  AND  BLOOD  TESTED. 

T.  J.  LONERGAN,  HOMER,  N.  Y. 


GUERNSEY 

TARBELL  FARMS  GUERNSEYS 

Federal  Accredited  —  360  HEAD  —  Negative 
YOUNG  BULLS  FOR  SALE.  CLOSELY  RELATED  TO 
Tarbell  Farms  Peerless  Margo  613193,  18501.4  lbs.  Milk, 
1013.3  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  3  Yr.  Old. 
Tarbell  Farms  Royal  Lenda  467961,  20508.9  lbs.  Milk, 
1109.0  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  4  Yr.  Old. 

TARBELL  FARMS 

Smithville  Flats,  New  York 

LAKE  DELAWARE  FARMS 

DELHI,  N.  Y„  OFFERS  FOR  SALE 

REGISTERED  GUERNSEY  BULLS 

Ready  for  Light  Servicd.  Price  from  $100.00  up. 
Also  a  few  Heifers,  all  ages.  Apply  at  once. 


JERSEYS  

For  Sale:  Four  Registered  Jersey  Cows, 

ALL  UNDER  7  YEARS  OLD  AND  DUE  TO 
FRESHEN  IN  APRIL.  INQUIRE  OF: 

Henry  Rogers,  R.  1,  Granville,  N.  Y. 


ABERDEEN-ANGUS 


For  Sale:  A  Few  Angus  Cows, 

BRED  AND  REGISTERED. 

ALSO  YOUNG  BULLS  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES. 

Box  329, 

GENEVA,  N.  Y. 


L.  A.  COLTON, 


Our  herd  sire  was  Grand  Champion  at  New  Y*»rk, 
Kansas  and  Missouri  State  Fairs,  and  1st  prize  at  Iowa 
and  Indiana.  Now  offering  bull  calves  and  bred  heifers. 
Also  Registered -Certified  Lenroc  Seed  Oats  and  Seneca 
Soybeans. 

C.  C.  TAYLOR,  Lawtons,  N.  Y. 

FOB  SAFE: 

Aberdeen-Angus  Cows  and  Heifers. 

Purebreetl  and  commercial. 

Alfred  Boerries,  Southbury,  Conn. 


SHORTHORNS 


"American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page” 


MILKING  SHORTHORNS 

HEAVY  PRODUCTION  ON  HOME  GROWN  FEEDS. 
EASY  KEEPERS. 

MAURICE  WHITNEY 

BERLIN,  N.  Y.  (26  MILES  EAST  OF  TROY,  N.  Y.) 

DUAL  PURPOSE  SHORTHORNS 

TWO  STRONG  YEARLING  BULLS  READY  FOR 
HEAVY  SERVICE  NOW,  AND  SEVERAL  YOUNG 
BULLS  FOR  SPRING  AND  SUMMER  SERVICE. 

Wm.  J.  Brew  &  Sons,  Bergen,  N.  Y. 
SCOTCH  SHORTHORNS 

FOR  SALE:  Red  three-year-old  son  of  Raveni  Master¬ 
piece,  International  Grand  Champion. 

Priced  for  immediate  sale.  Write 

CEDAR  FARM,  Box  125,  OVID,  N.  Y. 


TO  REDUCE  HERD,  WE  OFFER.  ONE  OR  A 
CAR  LOAD. 

MILKING  SHORTHORN  FEMALES, 

ALL  AGES. 

Broad  Acres,  Springfield  Center,  N.  Y. 

Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


HASTINGS  SEED  POTATOES 

GREEN  MOUNTAINS,  CHIPPEWA,  WARBA,  EAR- 
LAINE,  SEBAGO,  SEQUOIA,  BLUE  VICTOR  BUR¬ 
BANKS  AND  OTHERS.  WRITE  FOR  LIST. 

Roy  C.  Hastings,  R.  3,  Malone,  N.  Y. 


SEEDS 


CORNELL  HYBRID  29-3 

West  Branch  Sweepstakes  and  Cornell  II  field  corn, 
Whipple’s  Yellow  Sweet  Corn,  Cayuga  and  Seneca 
Soybeans,  Cornellian  Oats,  Grass  Seeds. 
JERRY  A.  SMITH  &  SONS,  LUDLOWVILLE,  N.  Y. 
Tompkins  County.  Phone  Poplar  Ridge  3610. 


POULTRY 


HOLSER’S  VALLEY  FARM 

ANNOUNCE 

CONTEST  WINNINGS  TO  JAN.  1. 

HIGHEST  PEN  IN  U.  S.  ALL  BREEDS. 
FOR  LEGHORNS 
1st  AND  2nd  AT  STORRS 
2nd  AND  3rd  AT  FARMINGDALE 
2nd  AT  RHODE  ISLAND  AND 
1st  FOR  THE  LAST  TWO  MONTHS 
AT  CENTRAL  NEW  YORK. 


Troy,  New  York. 


R.D.  4 


qSa™'yCK  Pedigree  S.C.W.  Leghorns 

B.W.D.  TESTED  PULLETS  AND  BREEDING  STOCK. 
Progeny  Tested  under  supervision  Cornell  University. 

Hartwick  Hatchery,  Inc.,  Hartwick,  N.Y. 


HEREFORDS 

HEREFORD  —  ANGUS 

EVERYTHING  IN  REGISTERED  AND 
COMMERCIAL  BREEDING  STOCK. 

West  Acres  Farms,  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y. 

MISCELLANEOUS 

COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLST  El  NS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 

CATTLE:  500  HEAD  100  HORSES 

Fancy  Fresh  and  Forward  Dairy  Cattle. 

PRICED  RIGHT.  FREE  DELIVERY. 

E  L  Fnntp  Rr  Snn  Inr  HOBART,  N.  Y. 

c..  t..  rooie  <x  oon,  me.,  established  1845 

SWINE 

Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

sows,  boars  and  pigs,  all  ages. 

WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 

DOGS 

SHEPHERDS  —  COLLIES 

TRAINED  CATTLE  DOGS  AND  PUPS. 

HEEL  DRIVERS  —  BEAUTIES. 

WILMOT,  East  Thetford,  Vt. 

NEWFOUNDLANDS,  Dogs  &  Puppies; 

Collies,  8  wks. :  Springer  and  Cocker  Spaniels:  Fox 
Terriers;  partly  trained  stock  dogs — 6  months. 

BUY  THE  DOG  YOU  WANT.  VISIT 

Robinson  Kennels,  Trumansburg,  N.  Y. 

GOAT  CHEESE 

Digestive  Disorders  and  Constipation 

are  often  aided  by  the  use  of  our  delicious  Goat  Cheese. 

It  digests  easier  and  is  mildly  laxative,  too.  Postpaid 
prices — 1  lb.,  90c;  3  lbs..  $2.50. 

Twin  Pine  Goat  Farm,  wan^T.  iR?3n.  y. 

HAY 

BALED  HAY  AND  STRAW 

ALL  GRADES  MIXED  HAY  AND  ALFALFA. 
DELIVERED  BY  TRUCK  OR  CARLOAD. 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 

SEED  POTATOES 

Certified  Seed  Potatoes 

SMOOTH  RURALS,  RUSSET  RURALS,  KATAHDINS, 
TUBER  UNIT  FOUNDATION  STOCK. 
NON-CERTIFIED  CHIPPEWA.  SEBAGO. 

H.  L.  Hodnett  &  Sons,  Fillmore,  N.  Y. 

POULTRY 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS,  ROCK-RED 
CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Puliorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Puliorum  clean,  high  in  quality,  low  in  price. 
Write  for  information. 

Norton  Ingalls,  R.D.  1,  Greenville,  N.  Y. 


LEGHORNS— NEW  HAMPSHIRES 

BARRED  ROCKS  —  CROSSES 
“BRED  TO  LAY  —  LAY  TO  PAY” 

Write  for  descriptive  catalog  and  prices. 

GLENWOOD  FARMS,  ithracad/  n3:  y. 


CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 
Keystone  English  Black  Leghorns. 

HEALTHIEST  BREED.  GREAT  LAYERS. 

EGGS  AND  STOCK  FOR  SALE.  CIRCULAR  FREE. 

The  Keystone  Farms,  Richfield,  Pa. 
WHITEHEAD’S  FOR  REDS 

Rugged  Northern  Bred  Puliorum  Clean  Stock  that 
PAYS  in  Eggs,  then  PAYS  again  in  meat. 
Circular  free.  REDS  —  CROSSES.  Established  1927. 

Roy  S.  Whitehead,  Chateaugay,  N.  Y. 


The  McGREGOR  FARM 


S.  C.  White  Leghorns — 50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 
THE  McGREGOR  FARM,  Box  A,  MAINE,  N.  Y. 


Get  the  desired  increased  production  of 

LARGE,  WHITE,  QUALITY  EGGS 
by  purchasing  our  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns,  backed  by  29 
years  of  breeding  for  livability,  production  and  type. 
Always  100%  clean  on  puliorum  test. 

Kutschbach  &  Son,  Sherburne,  N.  Y. 


C.  &  G.  FARM  Stpraar,mnentrIrds 

TRAPNESTED  AND  PROGENY  TESTED  FOR  YEARS. 
SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 

C.  &  G.  Farm,  Ballston  Lake,  N.  Y. 

Schwegler’s  “THOR-O-BREDS” 

HOLD  II  WORLD  OFFICIAL  RECORDS. 

Stock  from  200-324  egg  Pedigree  Breeders  2  to  5  years 
old  —  Leghorns,  White  Rocks,  Barred  Rocks,  R.  I. 
Reds,  New  Hampshires,  Wyandottes,  Giants,  Orpingtons, 
Minorcas,  Red-Rock  Cross.  Pekin  Ducks — Blood  Test¬ 
ed  Breeders.  Write  for  free  Catalog. 

SCHWEGLER’S  HATCHERY 

208  NORTHAMPTON,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 


BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  U.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
List  describing  our  Leghorns  and  Reds. 

ELI  H.  BODINE, 

Box  28,  CHEMUNG,  N.  Y. 


TBE 


m7  McLoughlin  Leghorns 

Progeny-test  bred.  7-time  New  York 
ji*  R.O.P.  champions  with  average  produc- 
Jg  tion  records  of  257.  253,  256,  258.  266, 
261  and  262  eggs.  U.S.  Puliorum  Clean. 
V  McLoughlin  Leghorn  Farm,  Chatham  Center. N.Y, 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS.  NEW  HAMPSHIRES, 
BARRED  ROCKS,  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  All  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
Folder  and  Prices. 

Box  A, 

Middletown,  N.  Y. 


WILLIAM  S.  MAPES, 


ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS,  REDS,  ROCK-RED  CROSS, 
WHITE  ROCKS— “They  Satisfy.” 

Puliorum  free,  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  details. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER,  Box  C,  GALLUPVILLE,  N.  Y. 


NEW  YORK  U.  S.  APPROVED 

NEW  HAMPSHIRES  &  LEGHORNS 

DESCRIPTIVE  CIRCULAR. 

The  Hiscock  Hatchery,  new^york. 


POULTRY 


EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

BREEDING  MALES 

pullorum  tested  —  no  reactors 

James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  Trumansburg?'  N.  Y. 


Walter  Rich’s 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 


Rich  Poultry  Farms 


9400 

LAYERS 


y  ^ jj-^ y Trapnested  and 


Progeny  Tested  Reds 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS. 

Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de¬ 
scribes  our  method  of  growing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 


Are  You  Looking  for  Profitable  Producers? 

HANSON  STRAIN  WHITE  LEGHORNS 
AND  PARMENTER’S  REDS. 

“FOR  EGGS  AND  MEAT  THAT  CAN’T  BE  BEAT.” 

ALL  BREEDERS  BLOOD-TESTED. 

SEND  FOR  FOLDER  AND  PRICE  LISTS  BEFORE 
PLACING  YOUR  ORDER. 

Webster  A.  J.  Kuney,  SENNf&A  yoFrkLS' 


SUSQUEHANNA  FARMS 

WHITE  LEGHORNS.  NEW  HAMPSHIRES, 
ROCK-RED  CROSSBREDS,  WHITE  ROCKS. 
CORNO  RED  CROSSBREDS. 

Commercial  and  foundation  stock,  pullets,  males.  All 
stock  bloodtested  with  no  reactors  found;  Pedigreed 
male  matings.  Write  for  circular  and  prices. 

SUSQUEHANNA  FARMS 

Box  A,  MONTROSE,  PA. 

DANISH  POULTRY  FARM 

Family  Tested  Leghorns  —  New  Hampshires. 
Storrs,  Conn.,  Test  1940-1941,  13  Full  sisters 
av.  270  eggs  per  bird.  Harrisburg,  Penna., 
test,  13  Full  sisters  av.  240  eggs  per  bird. 

A.  E.  DANISH, 

Troy,  New  York 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Officially  Puliorum  Passed.  N.  Y.  U.  S.  Approved 

BREEDING  COCKERELS 
Write  for  Folder 


E.  R.  Stone  and  Son 


Box  A. 

CLYDE.  N.  Y. 


PIGEONS 


White  King  Pigeons — Bargain. 

MUST  SELL  TO  MAKE  ROOM. 
WONDERFUL  STOCK. 

Gebhardt  Farm,  Muscatine,  Iowa. 


USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT 
INCUBATOR  FOR  SALE 

PETERSIME  ELECTRIC  INCUBATOR,  Model  IID, 
in  perfect  condition;  capacity  11.000  eggs — 9,200  h» 
drum,  1,800  in  hatching  compartment. 

Hatches  twice  weekly. 

ELTON  L.  LANE  &  SON,  TRUMANSBURG,  N.  V. 


HELP  WANTED 


WANTED,  BY  FAMILY  OF  TWO: 

Man  and  Wife  With  Good  References 

man  to  work  on  potato  farm,  wife  in  house.  Man 
must  be  total  abstainer,  preferably  from  45  to  50  years 
old  and  Protestant.  House  has  all  modern  conveniences. 
BOX  514-W,  American  Agriculturist,  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 


WANTED:  Boy  16  or  18,  or  Man. 

Year  around.  Good  home.  $30  per  month  and  keep. 
Milking  machine  used.  No  drink. 

Box  514-C,  American  Agriculturist, 

ITHACA,  NEW  YORK 

WANTED:  WORKING  MANAGER 

ON  LARGE  FARM. 

E.  C.  BARDIN,  West  Winfield,  N.  Y. 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

T'HJt Ra??,  for  the  accommixlation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications: 
J.IVI, STOCK— Cattle,  Swine,  Sheep,  Horses,  Dogs,  Rabbits,  Goats,  Mink,  Ferrets;  FARM  PRODUCE — Field 
“12.  Straw>  Maple  Syrup,  Haney,  Pop  Com,  Miscellaneous;  POULTRY— Breeding  Stock.  Hatching  Eggs- 

^^F^iOTlpAS-Foft^.0wSted;  FARM  UEAL  ESTAT&-FannS  f0r  Sale’  Famls  WantoF 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers*  classified  advertising  rates.  Two 
advertising  space  units  are  offered  as  follows:  space  one  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $6.00  per  issue  or 
space  one-half  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.00  per  issue.  Copy  must  be  received  at  American  Agriculturist. 
Advertising  Dept.,  Box  514,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  11  days  before  publication  date.  No  Baby  Chick  advertising  ac¬ 
cepted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  foUows:  Jan.  3,  17,  31:  Feb.  14.  28;  Mar.  14,  28;  April  M.  25; 
May  9,  23;  June  6,  20;  July  4,  18;  Aug.  i,  $5,  23;  Sept.  12,  26;  Oct.  10,  24;  Nov.  7,  21;  Dtt.  5,  Ifc 


11  (149) 


American  Agriculturist,  February  28,  1942 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


THE  IMPORTANCE  of  food,  feeds 
and  feeding  of  all  kinds  of  live¬ 
stock,  including  the  two-legged  variety, 
is  just  beginning  to  dawn  on  a  lot  of 
farm  and  city  people  alike. 

Rough  feeds,  hays,  etc.,  are  becom¬ 
ing  alarmingly  short  in  some  sections. 
This  situation  is  increasingly  difficult 
to  handle,  because  salvage  feeds  and 
other  waste  products  from  grain  pro¬ 
cessing  are  being  found  useful  for 


C  *  CONCRETE  * 


*  METAL  * 


GIVE  GREATER  STRENGTH  &  CAPACITY 


WRITE  FOR  FREE  FOLDER 
GRANGE  SILO  CO.,  *  RED  CREEK,  N.  Y. 


THE  GREATEST  NAME 


Cll  AC  ASSURES  MOST 
III  dlLUtf  LASTING  VALUE 


Marietta  Super -Lc 
crete  Stave  Silos — built  stronger  to 
last  longer  —  of  clean  aggregate. 
(No  quarry  refuse  that  BURNS.) 
Special  hooping  for  Hay  —  also 
makes  strongest  Silo  for  Corn. 
Acid-resisting,  cement  sealed. 
Tapered-type,  fit-tight  doors.  .  .  . 
Pays  for  itself  over  and  over,  in 
food  values  saved.  .  .  .  Write  near¬ 
est  office  —  TODAY  —  for  full 
Information. 


_ MARIETTA  CONCRETE  CORP. 

Marietta,  0.  (Dept.^JJ  Baltimore.  Mrf. 
nt . ‘-iriirniiiir-r  Schenectady,  N.Y.  Lilesville,  N.C. 


GREATEST  WOOD  STAVE 

SILO! 


Produce  more  silage  this  year! — 
erect  this  great  silo.  Non-warp¬ 
ing,  non-twisting,  tighter — it’s 
the  CRAINE  Wood  Stave  Silo! 
“24-Square”  door  frames,  steel 
stabilizers  .  .  .  strongest  wood 
stave  silo  ever  devised.  .  .  For 
FREE  FOLDER  and  easy  pay¬ 
ment  terms  write 


222 


CRAINE.  INC. 

Pine  St.,  Norwich, 


N.  Y. 


CRAINE  SILOS 


BIG  AUCTION  ! 


150  HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

Wed.,  Mar.  11,  1942 

AT  10:00  A.  M.— HEATED  PAVILION. 
EARLVILLE,  MADISON  COUNTY,  N.  Y. 
All  from  T.B.  Accredited  herds,  negative  to  blood 
test,  many  from  Bang  Certified  herds — -can  go  any¬ 
where.  Treated  for  shipping  fever. 

125  fresh  and  close  springers 
15  bulls,  mostly  ready  for  service 
Some  nice  yearlings  and  many  well  bred 
young  calves. 

Write  for  details  about  this  oldest  established 
series  of  Holstein  sales  in  the  world. 

R.  Austin  Backus, Sales  Manager,Mexico,N.Y. 


Quickly  Attached 


I 


OTTAWA 

TRACTOR 

[  DRAG 
SAW 


FallsTree,Cuts  Log 

Uses  Power  Take-off 
any  tractor.  Direct  drive. 

Long  stroke.  Saws  fast. 

Ifasy  on  fuel.  Hundreds  of  satisfied  Write  for  FREE 
users.  Big  labor  saver.  Low  Price.  Book  and  Prices 
OTTAWA  MFG.CO.,  531  Forest  Ave., Ottawa, Kans. 


this,  that.,  or  the  other  purpose  and 
are  therefore  not  available.  To  those 
who  may  be  forced  to  liquidate  their 
cows  or  livestock,  there  are  a  few 
things  that  may  be  possible.  Find  out 
from  you?  grain  dealer  if  he  cannot 
locate  some  cottonseed  hulls,  oat  hulls, 
flaxseed  chaff,  baled  bean  pods,  or  some 
other  roughage  that  will  at  least  par¬ 
tially  take  the  place  of  hay.  Of  course, 
straw  will  help,  but  in  most  places 
straw  is  as  scarce  as  hay.  Any  of 
these  feeds  are  not  substitutes  for 
good  hay,  but  with  the  addition  of  mo¬ 
lasses  or  an  increase  in  the  grain  ra¬ 
tion  they  can  he  made  to  approach  it. 

Grains  and  molasses  seem  high,  and 
are  high,  but  with  the  way  our  grain 
supplies  are  disappearing  in  all  direc¬ 
tions,  it  is  probable  that  present  grain 
prices  will  seem  “cheap”  by  next  fall. 
Grain  prices  and  livestock  prices  still 
show  a  very  satisfactory  margin  in 
favor  of  the  livestock. 

You  can  well  afford  to  feed  cows 
which  you  are  planning  to  market  for 
beef  plenty  of  grain  for  practically  as 
long  as  they  will  continue  to  gain  in 
weight.  With  heifers,  the  situation  is 
a  little  different,  because  the  dairy 
heifer  can  get  too  heavy  and  too 
“globby”  fat,  if  carrrtd  after  she 
weighs  800  or  900  lbs. 

Veal  calves  at  around  15c  a  lb.  will 
pay  well  for  their  milk  when  given 
about  all  they  will  take,  and  if  mar¬ 
keted  weighing  from  140  to  160  lbs. 
There  is  no  excuse  for  little  80-to-100 
lb.  calves  being  marketed  under  present 
veal  prices. 

Hogs  also  have  a  weight  limit;  those 
weighing  from  200  to  225  lbs.,  and  fat, 
will  always  bring  the  top  of  the  mar¬ 
ket.  It  is  doubtful  if  hogs  should  be 
fed  to  weigh  more  than  this,  in  spite  of 
the  fact  that  they  will  show  a  good 
margin  over  grain  costs. 

Lambs  are  selling  below  par.  Never¬ 
theless,  they  are  showing  a  grain  profit 
at  present  prices.  Lamb  prices  have 
been  subject  to  wool  conditions  for  the 
last  two  years,  and  for  the  past  few 
weeks  they  have  suffered  because  of 
the  unsettled  wool  situation.  Rumors 
and  more  rumors  about  Government 
action  on  wool  have  upset  all  trading 
bases,  and  then  with  no  action,  the 
situation  has  gone  into  a  stalemate. 
The  last  seemingly  well-founded  rumor 
is  that  all  wool  pelts  will  have  to  be 
clipped  and  not  pulled,  and  so  handled 
(not  on  the  farm)  as  to  produce  about 
ten  million  pelts,  with  a  short  half¬ 
inch  of  wool,  so  that  they  can  be  made 
into  “sheep-lined”  hats,  jackets,  and 
suits  for  the  Army  and  for  aviation. 
Until  the  price  of  this  processed  pelt 
is  announced  by  the  Government,  we 
can  continue  to  look  for  unsettled  con¬ 
ditions  on  our  lamb  markets. 

Horse  prices  have  advanced  faster 
than  anticipated.  They  are  now  $30  to 
$50  higher  than  six  or  eight  weeks  ago. 
If  this  continues,  the  horse  has  already 
“come  back.” 

— a.  a. — 

Earlville  Sale 

On  February  11  at  the  140th  Earl¬ 
ville  Sale,  eighty-one  milking  cows, 
fifteen  bulls,  and  thirty-five  calves 
brought  $20,790.  The  average  on  nine¬ 
ty-six  bulls  and  cows,  was  $211  each. 

The  eighty-one  cows  sold  averaged 
$219.  Of  this  group,  twenty-one  aver¬ 
aged  $300  and  six  of  this  bunch  aver¬ 
aged  $346.  Fifteen  bulls,  from  seven 
months  to  two  years  old,  averaged 
$170;  and  thirty-five  heifer  calves, 
$37.65. 

The  top  bull  at  $500  was  from  Os- 
bornedale  Farms,  Derby,  Conn.,  to  G. 
B.  Robinson  of  Montrose,  Pa.  The  top 
heifer  calf,  $62.50,  from  O.  D.  Smith, 
Fayetteville,  to  Richard  Anderson,  Nor¬ 
wich. 

—  A.  A.  — 

Horses  that  stand  in  damp  or  dirty 
stalls  sometimes  develop  thrush.  Keep 
stalls  clean  and  provide  plenty  of  bed¬ 
ding. 


and  several  thousand  progressive 
stores  in  thirteen  Northeastern 
States  are  ready  with  the  GLECK- 
NER  Harness,  Collars,  and  Repair 
Parts  essential  to  the  Food  For 
Victory  drive. 


Your  local  harness,  hardware,  or  implement  dealer  is  our 
agent,  and  is  backed  by  our  63  years  experience  in  the  produc¬ 
tion  of  leather  horse  equipment.  See  him  TODAY. 


★  MANUFACTURERS  SINCE  1879  ★ 

HARNESS  COLLARS _ 


W.  W.  GLECKNER  8c  SONS  COMPANY 


DO  NOT  DRENCH  CATTLE 
Use  Dr.  David  Roberts'  LAXOTONE 


DRENCHING  cattle  may  cause  complications.  The  use  of  LAXO¬ 
TONE  helps  to  produce  natural  movement  of  the  bowels.  It  is 
good  for  all  livestock,  especially  cattle.  LAXOTONE  is  a  dry  powder 
— one  teaspoonful  on  the  tongue  is  a  dose.  Many  dairymen  keep 
LAXOTONE  on  hand  for  immediate  use. 

Get  a  large  can  from  your  dealer.  If  he  hasn’t  it,  send  one 
dollar  direct.  Dr.  David  Roberts  has  a  prescription  for  every 
common  animal  ailment,  especially  cattle.  Write  for  free  litera¬ 
ture  on  how  to  treat  your  own  livestock  at  home. 

DR.  DAVID  ROBERTS  VETERINARY  CO.,  Inc.,  1622  Grand  Ave.,  Waukesha,  Wis. 


Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 

^1*  - 1  r 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 


9 


154  ACRES,  17  COWS, 

8  HEIFERS,  2  BULLS,  TEAM,  HENS,  MACHINERY 
AND  CROPS— ALL  INCLUDED. 

100  acres  dark-loam  field,  stream-watered  pasture  and 
wood;  8  rooms,  wide  oak  flooring,  beamed  ceilings. 
40x60  basement  barn.  silo.  2  poultry  houses;  incapaci¬ 
tated  owner  sacrifices  at  $4000  with  stock,  etc.,  part 
down;  page  22  big  Free  catalog  1290  bargains  many 
States. 

STROUT  REALTY,  N2ew‘ y0r4k.h  h.\. 


Double  Production  in 
AIIYear  Growing  Climate 

LOW  LAND  COST.  WATER— H  EALTH  FUL  LIVING. 
AMAZING  FARM  OPPORTUNITY. 

Write  for  free  literature. 

Pinal  County  Research  Committee, 
Dept.  1,  Coolidge,  Arizona. 


Fulton  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dairy  Farm 

On  concrete  highway,  edge  of  busy  community,  local 
markets  and  opportunity  for  outside  employment.  103 
acres,  70  Mohawk  silt  loam,  alfalfa  successfully  grown 
here.  Attractive  14-room  house,  furnace  heat,  elec., 
town  water,  bath,  spacious  barns  and  storage  accom¬ 
modations  for  35  cows  and  several  head  young  stock. 
$8,000.  Terms. 

Federal  Land  Bank,  Springfield,  Mass. 


FOR  SALE:  _  .  _ 

Schoharie  County  Fruit  Dairy  Farm. 

170  acres,  48  acres  orchard — McIntosh,  Cortland,  Bald¬ 
win — just  in  prime  have  been  producing  5000  to  7000 
bushels  per  year.  $8,000. 

FRANK  F.  WARNER,  ALTAMONT,  N.  Y. 


Farm  130  Acres — 12  Room  House, 

modern  conveniences;  20  head  cow  barn,  hen  house  for 
400,  other  buildings.  Located  on  Chenango  Trail  — 
7  miles  to  city  of  Norwich. 

Box  297,  New  Berlin,  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE 


FOR  SALE:  I  ACRE  LAND  WITH  2V-,  STORY 
BUILDING  THEREON. 

Situated  on  main  thoroughfare  from  Boston  to  Canada. 
Ideal  place  for  gasoline  stand,  etc. 

If  interested  write  for  further  particulars. 

GEORGE  FADDEN,  CAMPTON,  N.  H. 


Say  you  saw  it  In  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


>1 


(150)  12 


American  Agricult  irist,  February  28,  1942 


L.  B. 
'SKEFFinGTOn 


IKEffJ 

nOTEBOOK 


FRANK  W.  BENEWAY  of  Onatrio 
and  Morton  Adams  of  Sodus,  chair¬ 
man  and  secretary  of  the  Western 
New  York  Peach  Marketing  Commit¬ 
tee,  received  the  annual  award  of  the 
H.  S.  Duncan  Memorial  Committee 
during  Farm  and  Home  Week.  They 
were  cited  for  having  directed  work 
of  the  committee  over  a  three-year  per¬ 
iod  in  “an  excellent  demonstration  of 
what  can  be  done  by  cooperative  effort 
to  sell  a  farm  crop.” 

In  the  report  of  the  awards  commitr 
tee  it  was  noted  that  “Mr.  Adams 
credits  Mr.  Beneway  with  carrying  on 
the  job.  Mr.  Beneway  says  the  cam¬ 
paign  went  over  because  Adams  work¬ 
ed  long  hours  beyond  the  call  of  duty 
and  never  let  his  enthusiasm  flag.” 
They  were  given  the  award  jointly. 

The  junior  award  went  to  Paul  G. 
Sick  of  Arkport  for  his  success  in  mar- 


Market  Growers: 

H  Germaco 

otkaps 

Help  You  Have  SURE  CROPS 
3  Weeks  Earlier! 


Crops  destroyed  by  frost,  storms, 
insects  represent  a  serious  loss 
to  you  !  They  also  represent  a  seri¬ 
ous  loss  to  Uncle  Sam  who  needs 
more  vegetables  quick,  is  depend¬ 
ing  on  you  to  produce  them. 

So  you  have  two  big  important 
reasons  for  using  Germaco  HOT¬ 
KAPS,  strong  little  hot-hous  'S. 
University  tests  prove  that  aver¬ 
age  yield  per  acre  of  early  market¬ 
able  crops — your  premium  crops 
— is  twice  as  great  when  Germaco 
HOTKAPS  are  used.  Moreover, 
Germaco  HOTKAPS  increase  your 
total  yield  18%  to  51%,  promote 
bigger  fruits  and  vegetables,  ripen 
your  crops  three  weeks  earlier. 
Yet  HOTKAPS  are  quick  and 
easy  to  set,  cost  only  about  a 
penny  a  plant.  100  millions  have 
been  used.  Send  for  free  HOT¬ 
KAPS  book  today. 

Joseph  Harris  Co. 

Coldwater,  N.  Y. 

Hart  &  Vick 

Rochester,  N.  Y. 


Germain’s,  Germaco  Products  Division, 

748  Terminal  St.,  Dept.  C,  Los  Angeles,  California. 

Send  me  FREE  Book  — 

'Earlier,  Surer,  Bigger,  More  Profitable  Market  Crop*' 
NAME _ _ _ 


ADDRESS. 


keting  potatoes.  State  inspectors  re¬ 
ported  that  Paul  last  year  sold  about 
2,000  packages  and  that  inspections 
showed  less  than  one  per  cent  of  de¬ 
fects.  He  has  received  training  from 
Leon  W.  Taylor,  Steuben  County  4-H 
agent. 

Certificates  of  honorable  mention 
were  given  to  Isaac,  Herman  and  Har¬ 
old  A.  Kappel  of  Interlaken,  jointly;  to 
William  G.  Noeckel  of  Albaby,  and 
Walter  A.  Langdon  of  Malone.  The 
Kappel  family  was  cited  for  doing  an 
outstanding  job  in  grading,  packing 
and  marketing  apples;  for  developing 
their  own  packing  facilities  and  mak¬ 
ing  them  available  to  other  growers  as 
a  neighborly  accommodation.” 

Noeckel,  treasurer  of  the  Capital 
District  Cooperative  Association,  was 
cited  for  his  “contribution  to  the  plan¬ 
ning,  financing,  building  and  operation 
of  the  Menands  market.”  Langdon  was 
recognized  as  a  leader  in  grading, 
packing  and  marketing  vegetables,  and 
for  demonstrating  that  markets  may  be 
developed  for  a  specialized  product 
even  in  a  highly  competitive  field.” 

The  junior  honorable  mention  was 
given  to  Roger  Gleason,  16,  of  Groton, 
for  excellence  in  grading  and  market¬ 
ing  potatoes.  He  received  training 
from  G.  H.  Salisbury,  agricultural 
teacher  in  Groton,  and  it  was  noted 
that  his  potatoes  sold  for  $1.10  when 
the  local  price  range  was  65  to  70 
cents  per  bushel. 

— a.  a. — 

One  Farm  in  Five  May  Lose 
N.  Y.  City  Milk  Market 

Mr.  Sol  Pincus,  Deputy  Commission¬ 
er  on  the  New  York  City  Board  of 
Health,  came  to  Ithaca  to  tell  a  Farm 
and  Home  Week  audience  that  New 
York  City  is  getting  too  much  fluid 
milk,  and  that  the  Health  Department 
is  becoming  tired  of  the  extra  work 
and  expense  of  inspecting  more  farms 
for  the  New  York  City  market  than 
are  needed.  He  said  that  while  some 
surplus  was  necessary  for  part  of  the 
year,  in  order  to  have  an  adequate 
supply  of  milk  for  the  short  periods, 


for  several  years  now  there  has  been 
altogether  too  much  surplus. 

Commissioner  Pincus  spoke  at  length 
about  the  high  cost  of  making  so  many 
inspections,  that  inspectors  now  were 
difficult  to  obtain,  and  that  it  might  be 
impossible  to  get  an  adequate  number 
of  cars  and  tires  with  which  to  do  the 
necessary  travelling. 

The  Department  has  threatened  sev¬ 
eral  times  before,  as  we  have  announc¬ 
ed  in  American  Agriculturist,  to  cut 
the  number  of  inspected  farms,  but  so 
far  the  Dairymen’s  League  and  other 
dairy  organizations  have  succeeded  in 
getting  the  Department  of  Health  to 
put  off  any  action  in  the  matter.  Com¬ 
missioner  Pincus  says  now  that  farm¬ 
ers  must  find  some  plan  by  which  the 
number  of  farms  supplying  New  York 
City  can  be  reduced,  or  else  the  De¬ 
partment  will. 

The  seriousness  of  the  problem  is 
seen  when  it  is  known  that  the  Depart¬ 
ment  wants  to  cut  out  at  least  one 
farm  out  of  every  five,  and  that  most 
of  this  elimination  will  be  made  in  sec¬ 
tions  of  the  milk  shed  farthest  from 
New  York  City  market,  like  northern 
and  western  New  York. 

I  said  to  the  Commissioner  when  he 
was  in  Ithaca: 

“Whether  your  proposal  is  right  or 
wrong,  it  seems  to  us  to  be  very  wrong 
at  this  time.  The  United  States  gov¬ 
ernment  on  one  hand  is  urging  dairy¬ 
men  to  bend  every  energy  to  produce 
more  milk,  while  on  the  other  hand  the 
New  York  City  Board  of  Health  is 
proposing  a  plan  which  will  completely 
upset  and  discourage  thousands  of 
dairy  farmers.” 

Commissioner  Pincus  answered  this 
by  stating  that  this  situation  had  been 
up  for  two  years  or  more,  and  nothing 
had  been  done  about  it,  and  now  the 
Department  had  to  move.  In  his  opin¬ 
ion  it  is  a  good  time  to  move  on  it, 
because  the  high  prices  for  manufac¬ 
tured  dairy  products  make  it  possible 
for  dairymen  thrown  out  of  a  fluid  milk 
market  still  to  get  good  prices  by 
selling  their  milk  for  other  uses. 

It  is  true  that  you  cannot  force  a 
market  for  any  length  of  time  to  take 
more  milk  than  it  needs  or  wants,  but 
it  is  also  true  that  at  the  request  of 
the  Department  of  Health,  dairymen 
have  spent  thousands  of  dollars  to  get 
in  position  to  produce  fluid  milk  in  ac¬ 
cordance  with  the  demands  of  the  De¬ 
partment  of  Health.  It  was  not  so 
long  ago,  either,  that  this  same  city 
administration  was  talking  of  widen¬ 
ing  the  milk  shed  instead  of  narrowing 
it. 

There  is  no  question,  however,  that 
dairymen  face  a  serious  situation,  and 
must  consider  immediately  how  best 


they  can  meet  it.  The  first  step  is  to 
get  right  information,  and  the  best  way 
to  do  this  is  to  hold  meetings  in  those 
sections  of  northern  and  western  New 
York  in  order  to  get  informed  and  to 
take  whatever  steps  seem  best  to  make 
the  necessary  adjustments  to  a  tough 
situation. — E.  R.  Eastman. 


-A.  A.- 


Here  are  the  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  Achievement  Award  winners  for  1941. 
Left  to  right,  front  row:  Lois  Elmes,  Adams  Basin,  Monroe  County  (4-H  Club  mem¬ 
ber) ;  E.  R.  Eastman,  Editor  of  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST;  H.  L.  Cosline, 
Associate  Editor;  Esther  Luffman,  Wolcott,  Wayne  County  (Juvenile  Granger). 
Back  row:  Robert  Huntington,  Westford,  Otsego  County  (Boy  Scout);  Carl  Hill, 
Corning,  Steuben  County  (Future  Farmer)  ;  Louis  Dunckel,  Oxford,  Chenango 
County  (Future  Farmer);  Roger  Turrell,  Susquehanna  (Pa.),  Broome  County 
(4-H  Club  member);  Robert  Suter,  Ontario,  Wayne  County  (Boy  Scout).  Donald 
Klotzbach,  Basom,  Genesee  County  (Juvenile  Granger)  was  unable  to  attend  be¬ 
cause  of  illness. 

The  medals  were  presented  by  E.  R.  Eastman  at  a  luncheon  of  New  York  State 
Master  Farmers  held  at  Farm  and  Home  Week  on  Thursday,  February  12. 


”Use  Tax”  on  Farm  Cars 

Some  confusion  is  evident  relative  to 
the  $5  automobile  use  tax  for  farm 
cars  carrying  New  York  State  dollar 
farm  licenses.  Opinion  from  one  Inter¬ 
nal  Revenue  Office  states: 

“It  is  the  opinion  of  this  office  that 
a  car  used  entirely  on  the  farm  is  not 
taxable  since  it  is  not  used  on  the 
public  ■  highway.  However,  a  motor 
vehicle  which  is  registered  for  limited 
use  by  the  State  of  New  York  for  $1 
is  subject  to  this  tax  even  though  the 
use  of  the  highway  is  restricted  by  the 
State.” 

An  opinion  from  another  office  says: 

“The  act  defines  the  term  ‘motor 
vehicle’  as  all  motor  vehicles  of  the 
kind  used  chiefly  for  highway  trans¬ 
portation.*****  a  truck  for  which  a 
so-called  farm  license  is  issued  by  the 
State  of  New  York  is  apparently  not 
used  chiefly  for  highway  transporta¬ 
tion.  Accordingly,  it  is  held  that  the 
use  of  a  truck  so  licensed  is  not  sub¬ 
ject  to  tax.” 

To  clear  up  the  matter,  we  wired 
Henry  Morgenthau,  Secretary  of  the 
U.  S.  Treasury,  and  received  the  fol¬ 
lowing  wire  from  his  Assistant: 

“Motor  vehicles  used  exclusively  on 
farm  but  which  may  occasionally  cross 
a  highway  or  be  taken  to  garage  for 
repairs  not  considered  subject  to  use 
tax  under  Section  Thirty-five  Forty.” 

We  suggest  that  tax  stamps  for  cars 
carrying  a  dollar  license  should  not 
be  purchased  unless  and  until  a  definite 
ruling  to  that  effect  is  made  in  Wash¬ 
ington. 

—  A.  A. — 

Five  Rural  Poets  Win 
Prizes 

Top  winner  of  Cornell’s  first  poetry 
contest  to  be  held  in  connection  with 
Farm  and  Home  Week  was  Mrs.  Inez 
George  Gridley,  farm  wife  of  Gra- 
hamsville,  N.  Y.  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  readers  will  recognize  Mrs.  Grid- 
ley  as  a  frequent  contributor  to  our 
poetry  department,  and  it  is  with 
pleasure  that  we  publish  her  prize  win¬ 
ning  poem,  entitled  “Class  1-A”,  on 
page  19  of  this  issue. 

We  regret  that  we  do  not  have  space 
to  publish  all  of  the  winning  poems, 
for  all  were  excellent.  The  complete 
list  of  winners  follows: 

1st — $15.00 — Mrs.  Inez  George  Grid- 
ley,  Grahamsville,  N.  Y.,  “Class  1-A”. 

2nd— $10.00  —  Wheaton  P.  Webb, 
Worcester,  N.  Y.,  “A  Hundred  Tur¬ 
keys”. 

3rd — $5.00 — Bessie  A.  Hallock,  Hone- 
oye  Falls,  N.  Y.,  “Here  on  This  Hill¬ 
top”. 

4th  —  $5.00  —  John  M.  Pritchard, 
Cazenovia,  N.  Y.,  “The  Plowman”. 

5th — $5.00 — Katherine  Harriet  Her- 
ber,  Feura  Bush,  N.  Y.,  “November 
Trumpet”. 

A  surprisingly  large  number  of 
poems  were  entered  in  the  contest  — 
between  800  and  900.  These  were  nar¬ 
rowed  down  by  the  judges  to  75,  then 
to  35,  and  then  to  five  winners.  Orig¬ 
inally  only  three  cash  prizes  were  of¬ 
fered,  but  the  judges  had  so  much  dif¬ 
ficulty  deciding  among  several  poems 
for  third  prize  that  they  finally  includ¬ 
ed  a  4th  and  5th  prize  and  went  into 
their  own  pockets  for  the  prize  money. 


DOUBLE 
Your  War  Effort 

BUY  DEFENSE  BONDS 


J 


To  buy  his  additional  cows  he  uses  the 
Production  Credit  Association.  When  he 
bought  his  farimhe  financed  it  with  a  long¬ 
term  Land  Bank  loan.  He  is  typical  of 
thousands  who  help  themselves  by  using 
Land  Bank  financing  .  .  .  use  it  to  get  out 
of  debt  with  the  least  burden  of  interest 
.  .  .  use  it  as  a  systematic  way  to  pay  for 
their  homes  as  they  build  for  their  futures 
.  .  .  use  Land  Bank  financing  to  win  their 
own  independence. 

Over  the  past  quarter  century,  45,000 
Northeastern  farmers  have  used  Land 
Bank  loans.  A  third  of  them  have  paid  out, 
and  many  of  the  others,  like  Furman 
Hendrickson,  are  paying  ahead  of  schedule. 

The  Land  Bank  now  celebrates  the  com¬ 
pletion  of  its  first  quarter  century,  and  the 
start  of  another.  The  kind  of  independence 
it  gives  to  countless  homes  is  the  kind  that 
makes  America  great  .  .  .  the  kind  that 
makes  the  Northeast  a  better  place  to  live. 
The  Land  Bank  does  its  part  to  give 
America  the  freedom  it  will  fight  to  defend. 

For  details  about  Land  Bank  financing ,  or 
about  the  Farm  Loan  Association  in  your  locality , 
address  the 

FEDERAL  LAND  BANK 
OF  SPRINGFIELD 

Springfield,  Massachusetts 

Serving  New  York ,  New  Jersey,  New  England 


To  Keep  America  Free 


War  shows  what  farming  really  amounts 
to  .  .  .  for  food  ranks  with  guns.  Right  now 
America  is  producing  for  half  the  world, 
and  farmers  like  Furman  Hendrickson  turn 
out  the  food  .  .  .  food  for  freedom. 

On  his  144  acres  near  Trenton,  N.  J., 
Hendrickson  grows  tomatoes,  keeps  600 
hens,  and  milks  26  cows.  Milk,  in  wartime, 
is  a  first-line  food;  so  when  the  call  went 
out  for  more  milk,  Hendrickson  —  ready 
with  feed,  barn  room,  and  help  —  let  it  be 
known  that  he  was  in  the  market  for  more 
milk  cows.  Sure,  he’s  borrowing  part  of  the 
money  to  pay  for  them,  and  he’ll  produce 
most  of  the  additional  milk  at  “surplus” 
prices  .  .  .  but  this  is  war.  If  and  when  his 
turn  comes,  he’ll  gladly  join  the  boys  at 
the  front.  As  it  is,  he’s  learning  to  fly  a 


plane  .  .  .  just  in  case  he’s  needed  that 
way,  too. 

Furman  Hendrickson  is  38  and  the  father 
of  three  children,  the  oldest  11.  He  and 
Mrs.  Hendrickson,  an  ex-school  teacher, 
have  a  comfortable  home  and  a  good  farm. 
They  earned  both  with  toil  and  sweat.  For 
six  years  they  rented,  then  eight  years  ago 
bought  where  they  are  now.  Starting  from 
scratch,  this  family  won  its  own  independ¬ 
ence.  They  know  real  freedom  can’t  be 
inherited,  but  must  be  won  anew  by  each 
generation. 

Hendrickson  knows  a  good  cow.  He  also 
knows  how  to  grow  good  crops,  and  how  to 
handle  machinery.  He’s  an  all-round  farmer, 
as  any  farmer  has  to  be  to  succeed.  And 
part  of  his  success  is  in  his  finances. 


(152)  14 


American  Agriculturist,  February  28,  1942 


SEND  MONEY  with  confidence  to 
any  advertiser  in  American  Agri¬ 
culturist,  knowing  that  if  your  order 
cannot  be  filled,  your  money  will  be 
returned.  In  ordering  chicks,  it  is  im¬ 


portant  to  know  exactly  what  yo- 
want.  Some  hatcheries  advertise  chicks 
where  the  breeding  stock  has  been  blood 
tested  for  Pullorum  until  no  reactors 
are  found.  Other  hatcheries  blood  test 


breeders  and  remove  reactors.  Natur¬ 
ally,  the  better  the  quality  you  want, 
the  more  you  will  have  to  pay  for  them. 
Order  your  chicks  now,  specifying 
when  you  want  them  delivered. 


A.  L.  Gillett  Elected  Farm 
Credit  General  Agent 

T  A  MEETING  of  the  Farm  Credit 
Board  in  Springfield,  Mass.,  Feb. 
16,  Allen  L.  Gillett  was  elected  General 
Agent  of  the  Farm  Credit  Administra¬ 
tion  of  Springfield,  filling  a  separate 
office  to  coordinate  the  activities  and 
lending  policies  of  units  of  the  credit 
administration  in  the  Northeast.  Joint¬ 
ly  these  agencies  consisting  of  the  Fed¬ 
eral  Land  Bank,  the  Federal  Inter¬ 
mediate  Credit  Bank,  the  Springfield 
Bank  for  Cooperatives,  and  the  Pro¬ 
duction  Credit  Corporation,  now  pro¬ 
vide  over  $125,000,000  of  mortgage 
loans  and  operating  funds  to  some 
45,000  individual  farmers  and  to  85  co¬ 
operative  agricultural  organizations. 

In  accepting  his  new  post,  Mr.  Gil¬ 
lett  resigned  as  president  of  the  Fed¬ 
eral  Intermediate  Credit  Bank,  an  in¬ 
stitution  with  which  he  has  been  con¬ 
nected  for  12  years,  and  for  the  past 
eight  years  as  its  head.  Mr.  Gillett 
came  to  Springfield  in  April,  1930,  as 
manager  and  vice-president  of  the  In¬ 
termediate  Credit  Bank,  and  was  elect¬ 
ed  president  in  1933.  He  started  his 
banking  career  with  the  National  City 
Bank  of  New  York,  and  later  was  a 
bank  examiner  in  New  York  state. 

Since  the  sbffice  of  General  Agent 
was  formed  in  1933  it  has  been  held  by 
Edward  H.  Thomson,  also  president  of 
the  Federal  Land  Bank.  In  releasing 
his  duties  as  General  Agent,  Mr.  Thom¬ 
son  is  now  in  a  position  to  devote  his 
full  time  as  president  of  the  Land 
Bank.  Having  held  that  office  since 
July  1919,  he  has  seen  the  bank  grow 
from  $8,000,000  in  loans  to  the  point 
where  it  now  supplies  more  than  a 
quarter  of  the  farm  mortgage  credit 
used  in  New  England,  New  York  and 
New  Jersey.  From  1923,  when  the 
Intermediate  Credit  Bank  was  charter¬ 
ed,  until  1933,  he  was  also  its  presi¬ 
dent.  With  the  then  heavy  demands 
on  farm  loan  institutions,  he  relinquish¬ 
ed  the  Intermediate’s  presidency  and 
Mr.  Gillett  was  named  as  its  head. 

It  was  announced  at  the  Farm  Credit 
administration  headquarters  that  the 
present  division  of  the  offices  of  Gen¬ 
eral  Agent  and  president  of  the  Land 
Bank  is  another  move  in  recognition  of 
increased  responsibility  for  the  credit 
agencies  to  meet  the  war-time  credit 
requirements  of  Northeastern  farmers. 

-—A.  A. — 

You,  Your  Farm  and 
the  War 

( Continued  from  Page  3) 
from  England.  Seed  growers  in 
this  country  have  done  a  wonderful 
job  of  increasing  seed  production  to 
meet  the  situation. 

What  can  you  do?  You  can  order 
your  seeds  early.  The  second  thing  you 
can  do  is  to  plant  seed  at  the  right 
rate.  This  does  not  mean  using  seed  so 
sparingly  that  you  will  not  get  a  good 
stand.  It  does  mean  that  with  many 
crops  you  can  reduce  rate  of  seeding 
probably  to  one-half  of  the  amount  us¬ 
ed  by  most  farm  gardeners  and  still 
get  a  good  stand.  Third,  you  can  pre¬ 
pare  the  soil  unusually  well  and  treat 
vegetable  seeds  to  cut  down  losses 
from  disease. 

*  *  * 

Aliens  Must  Register 

President  Roosevelt  has  ordered  all 
citizens  of  any  nation  at  war  with  the 
United  States,  and  who  are  14  years  or 
over,  to  apply  for  certificates  of  iden¬ 
tification.  In  northeastern  states  this 
is  being  done  between  February  9  and 
February  28.  Each  citizen  of  Germany, 
Japan  or  Italy  is  required  to  register 
at  the  nearest  First  or  Second  Class 
or  County  Seat  Post  Office.  He  or  she 
will  be  given  a  card  bearing  his  or  her 
photograph  and  index  fingerprint, 
which  must  be  carried  at  all  times  and 
shown  on  demand. 


YOUR  1942  READY  REFERENCE  CHART  OF  BABY  CHICK  ADVERTISERS 
CURRENTLY  APPEARING  IN  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 


22 


2,  16, 

21, 

22, 

24, 

19 

..  22,  17, 
16,  11 

16, 

24 

2,  16, 

22, 

24, 

11 

Ducklings 

22 

2 

2,  16, 

21, 

22, 

24 

22,  16, 
22 

21, 

2, 

24, 

17 

2,  16, 

21, 

22, 

24, 

11 

2,  21, 

24, 

11 

6,  ~7, 

22, 

16, 

20, 

2, 

24, 

'  2,  16, 
22 

21, 

22, 

24, 

11, 

19 

21,  11 

22 

2,  16, 

21, 

22, 

24, 

11 

2,  22, 
Geese 

19 

2,  16, 

21, 

22, 

24, 

11, 

19 

T  Tillotson .  2>  16,  21  ’  22 

Turkeys 


HATCHERY  NAME  AND  ADDRESS  OWNER  or  MANAGER  BREEDS  * 

Tom  Barron  Leghorn  Farms,  Richfield,  Pa . 

Baumgardner’s  Hatchery,  Beaver  Springs^  Pa . . . J.  A.  Baumgardner . 

Beaver’s  Poultry  Farm,  McAlisterville,  Pa . E.  L.  Beaver . 

Brentwood  Poultry  Farms,  Exeter,  New  Hampshire . Melvin^Moul . 

Brookside  Poultry  Farm,  Sergeantsville,  N.  J . E.  C.  Brown  . 

Harry  Burnham,  North  Collins,  New  York . Harry  Burnham . 

J.  Douglass  Chamberlin,  Cranbury,  New  Jersey . Ore  Miller .  . 

Chamberlin  Poultry  Farm,  W.  Brattleboro,  Vermont . Chamberlin  Bros . 

Cherry  Hill  Poultry  Farm,  McAlisterville^  Pa . Wm.^  . 

Chester  Valley  Hatchery,  McAlisterville,  Pa . C.  M.  Leister .  . 

Robert  L.  Clauser,  Kleinfeltersville,  Pa..-. . Robert^L.^C  aus 

Clear  Spring  Hatchery,  McAlisterville,  Pa . F  B.  Leister ■  . 

Clements  Bros.  Farms,  Winterport,  Maine . Norris  C.  Clement . 

Cloverdale  Hatchery,  McAlisterville,  Pa . 

Colonial  Poultry  Farms,  Marion,  Ohio . Wm.  B.  Rice . 

Content  Farms,  Cambridge,  New  York . - . 

Douglaston  Manor  Farm,  Pulaski,  New  York . Roger  W.  Blakely . 

Egg  &  Apple  Farm,  Trumansburg,  N.  Y . Rice  Bros . 

Fairport  Hatchery,  Fairport,  N.  Y...  — . R-  ^Fhdi'P3 . 

Fairview  Poultry  Farm,  Theresa,  N.  Y . E^  F.  Ourlt^ . 

Faraway  Farms,  Silver  Lake,  Indiana . Theo.  Braude . 

Golden  Rule  Hatchery,  Bucyrus,  Ohio . .  ^  » 

Goshen  Poultry  Farm,  Goshen.  Indiana . Will  H.  Schadt .  ,  .. 

Hall  Brothers  Hatchery,  Inc.,  Wallingford,  Conn . A.  B  &  L.  C.  nan.  .  22  n 

David  M.  Hammond,  Cortland,  New  York . David  M.  Hammond .  ^ 

A.  E.  Hampton,  R.D.  1,  Pittstown,  New  Jersey .  A.  E.  Hampton.  . 

Warren  W.  Hawley,  Batavia,  New  York . Warren  W.  Hawley . 

Hayes  Bros.  Hatchery,  Decatur.  Illinois .  2,  16,  22,  24,  11 

Hecla  Poultry  Farms,  Inc.,  Belief onte,  Pa . A.  F.  Hockman..., .  Turkeys 

Highland  Farm,  Sellersville,  Pa . p-  F-  Souder .  „ 

Highland  Poultry  Farm,  King  Ferry,  New  York . H 

Holland  Farm,  Belchertown,  Mass . - . 

Illinois  Hatchery,  Metropolis,  Illinois . H.  C.  Helm . 

Juniata  Poultry  Farm,  Richfield,  Pa . O.  B.  Basom  . 

Justa  Poultry  Farm,  Southampton,  New  York .  Elbert  H.  Osborne . 

Kerr  Chickeries,  Inc.,  Frenchtown,  New  Jersey . James  Weisel . 

Keystone  Farms,  Richfield,  Pa .  D-  W.  Goodling . 

C.  P.  Leister,  McAlisterville,  Pa . C.  P.  Leister . 

Lukert  Leghorn  Farm,  E.  Moriches,  New  York . ~ . John  M.  Lukert . 

McAlisterville  Hatchery,  McAlisterville,  Pa . . Edgar  C.  Leister . . 

Morris  Farm,  Bridgeport,  Connecticut . . . 

J.  N.  Nace  Poultry  Farm,  Richfield,  Pa . --J-  N.  Nace . . . . 

Niemond’s  Poultry  Farm  &  Hatchery,  McAlisterville,  Pa . Norman  Niemond . . 

North  Side  Poultry  Farm,  Richfield,  Pa . 

Olivers  Turkey  Farm,  Andes,  New  York . - . Claude  R.  Oliver . 

Pearson’s  Nes-to-U,  Keene,  New  Hampshire . H.  D.  Pearson . 

Pillow  Poultry  Farm,  Dalmatia,  Pennsylvania .  F.  A.  Phillips . 

Pine  Tree  Hatchery  &  Farm,  Stockton,  N.  J . E.  R.  Wilson . - . 

Plymouth  Rock  Squab  Co.,  196  Howard  St.,  Melrose,  Mass . Elmer  C.  Rice . 

Redbird  Farm,  Wrentham,  Mass...! . George  Hagopian . 

Ridgeview  Hatchery,  Richfield,  Pa . 

T  D  Schofield,  Woodstock,  New  Hampshire . T.  D.  Schofield . 

Schwegler’s  Hatchery,  Buffalo,  New  York . Frank  A.  Schwegler . 

Seidelton  Farms,  Washingtonville,  Pa . . . Wm.  D.  Siebert . 

C.  M.  Shellenberger  Poultry  Farm.  Richfield,  Pa . C.  M.  Shellenberger . 

Shirk’s  Hatchery,  McAlisterville,  Pa .  H.  C.  Shirk . . . 

Sprunger  Hatchery,  Binghamton,  New  York . G.  P.  Kliewer . 

Steelman  Poultry  Farms  R.  1,  Lansdale,  Pa . D.  P.  Steelman . — 

Stoney  Run  Poultry  Farm,  McAlisterville,  Pa . H.  M.  Leister . 

Lehman  Strawser  Hatchery.  McAlisterville,  Pa . Lehman  Strawsei . . 

Strickler’s  Poultry  Farms.  Sheridan,  Pa..,. . H.  Strickler . 

Stuck’s  Poultry  Farm,  McAlisterville,  Pa . H.  N.  Stuck.  .. . 

Sunnybrook  Poultry  Farm,  Hudson,  New  York . A.  Howard  Fingar . 

Sunny  Slope  Hatchery,  Inc.,  Thompsontown,  Pa . Roy  T.  Ehrenzeller . 

Tarbell  Farms,  Smithville  Flats,  New  York . A.  K.  Wightman . 

Taylor’s  Hatchery,  Liberty,  New  York . Lloyd  Kinne . 

The  Terraces,  Plymouth,  New  Hampshire . T.  B.  Gadd . 

Thornwood,  Inc.,  Louisville,  Kentucky . - . M.  K.  Sims . 

Joseph  Tolman,  Rockland,  Mass . - . Joseph  Tolman . 

Trutt’s  Poultry  Farm  &  Hatchery,  Hummels  Wharf,  Pa .  1okoqqri41^^221  22  24 

20th  Century  Hatchery,  New  Washington,  Ohio . Joseph  A.  Blum .  19,  5,  23,  9,  6,  14,  15,  3,  2,  21,  22,  24 

Ulsh  Poultry  Farm  &  Hatchery,  Port  Trevorton,  Pa . Merle  Ulsh .  1,  15,  10,  6,  7,  4 

Van  Duzer  Poultry  Farm,  Sugar  Loaf,  New  York . - . W.  S.  Van  Duzer .  2,  16,  22,  11 

Wene  Chick  Farms,  Vineland,  New  Jersey . . Elmer  Wene .  All  popular  pure  or  cross-breds _ 

•KEY  TO  BREEDS:  1— Anconas,  2— Barred  Plymouth  Rocks,  3— Brahmas,  4— Black  Leghorns,  5— Black  Minorcas  6— Brown 
Leghorns  7— Buff  Leghorns,  8— Buff  Minorcas,  9— Buff  Orpingtons,  10— Buff  Rocks,  11— Cross  Breeds,  12— English  Black  Leg- 
horas°ri13— -Hampshire- Rock  Cross,  14-Jersey  Black  Giants,  15-Jersey  White  Giants,  16-New 

Cross,  18 — Rock-Hampshire  Cross,  19-White  Wyandottes,  20— R.  C.  R.  I.  Reds,  21— S.  C.  R.  I.  Reds,  22-S.  C.  White  Leg 
horns,  23— White  Minorcas,  24r-White  Plymouth  Rocks. 


2,  16,  21,  22,  24,  19 
22 

2,  24 

2,  16,  21,  22,  24,  11 
4 

23,  5,  15 

2,  16,  22,  24,  11 

2,  16,  21,  22,  24,  11 

22,  2,  24,  16,  11 

22,  6,  15,  2,  24,  17 

2,  16,  21,  22,  24 

22 

Narragansett  Turkeys 
22 

22,  2,  24,  10,  16 

2,  16,  21,  22,  24,  19,  11 
Pigeons  for  Squab  Breeding 

2,  16,  21,  22,  11 
22 

Bronze  Turkeys 
17,  15,  5,  23,  9 

2,  16,  22,  24,  11 

22 

2,  16,  21,  22,  24,  11,  17 
2,  16,  21,  22,  24,  19,  11 
11,  Purebreds 
2,  16,  21,  22,  24 

2,  16,  21,  22,  24 

22,  2,  24,  16,  15,  17,  3 

16,  22,  11 

2,  24,  16,  20,  22,  11 
2,  16,  21,  22,  24,  19,  11 

22  *  «*— 

2,  16,  22,  24,  11 
16 

2,  16,  21,  22,  24,  19,  11 
24 

22,  2,  24,  21,  16,  17 


American  Agriculturist,  February  28,  1942 


15  (153) 


Around  the  Henhouse 


LABOR  EFFICIENCY 

B y  L.  E.  WEAVER. 

(Editor's  Note  :  Labor  saving  is  especi¬ 
ally  important  this  year.  You  can  get 
some  good  hints  from  Mr.  Etzel’s  experi¬ 
ence.) 

IN  THE  Anniversary  Issue  of  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist,  Instated  that  Mr. 
Alfred  Etzel  of  Monroe,  New  York, 
had  his  poultry  plant  so  well  arranged 
that  one  man  does  all  the  work  of  car¬ 
ing  for  5,000  hens.  I  have  had  a  num¬ 
ber  of  requests  for  further  details 
about  how  it  is  done.  In  reply  to  my 
request,  Mr.  Etzel  wrote  me  as  fol¬ 
lows: 

“The  pens  are  400  birds  each,  two 
floors,  and  six  pens  to  a  floor  with  a 
central  feed  room.  We  had  two  addi¬ 
tional  pens  housing  125  birds  each  in 
the  same  building.  There  is  a  com¬ 
plete  running  water  system  through 
the  building  in  all  the  pens.  The  water 
arrangement  is  such  that  in  cleaning 
the  water  pan  it  is  simply  dumped  over 
onto  the  catch  basins  under  a  wire 
floor,  which  has  a  drain  leading  to  a 
central  cesspool,  so  there  is  no  carrying 
of  water  into  or  out  of  the  pens  at 
any  time.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the 
cleaning  of  a  water  pan  is  a  mere 
operation  of  a  minute. 

“The  dropping  boards  are  cleaned  at 
least  twice  a  week  into  a  rubber  tired 
wheel  barrow,  which  is  dumped  direct¬ 
ly  into  a  manure  spreader  located  in 
the  center  part  of  the  building.  The 
gathering  of  eggs,  the  feeding  of  grain, 
mash  and  pellets,  and  the  marking  up 
of  this  work,  the  care  of  the  nests,  also 
the  odds  and  ends  and  minor  repairs, 
window  adjustments,  and  culling  are 
all  done  by  one  man. 

“The  only  work  this  man  does  not  do 
directly  connected  with  the  birds,  but 
with  which  he  assists,  is  the  cleaning 
of  the  litter  when  necessary.  He 
brings  the  eggs  down  to  the  basement 
where  they  are  graded!  I  might  add 
that  three  days  a  week  this  man  does 
the  feeding  and  gathering  of  the  eggs 
connected  with  another  house  of  1,300 
arranged  the  same  way.  Of  course, 
you  know  the  house  is  semi-heated  in 
one  wing;  the  new  wing  is  not  heated. 
We  have  had  to  turn  off  the  automatic 
water  system  during  the  night  for 
safety’s  sake,  and  the  litter  does  not 
last  as  long  in  the  unheated  wing. 
However,  we  would  not  say  that  it  is 
troublesome.  We  have  had  to  take 
the  litter  out  only  once  since  the  first 
of  November,  and  that  was  the  first 
part  of  January.  The  feed  is  delivered 
by  the  feed  man  to  the  feed  room 
on  both  floors,  and  by  the  way,  this 
man  also  mixes  the  scratch  grains  of 
wheat,  corn  and  oats  required  for  the 
birds. 

“We  do  not  consider  that  he  is  hard 


Ask  your  feed  man  if  hispoultry 
mashes  contain  Borden's  Flay- 
dry  D  or  Ration-Ayd  which 
suPply  needed  Vitamin  con¬ 
centrates  from  natural  sources. 


^W^kSP£CIAl  PRODUCTS 
A JCTaCfKf  DIVISION 

350  MADISON  AVE.,  NEW  YORK,  N.Y. 

Concentrators  of  Milk  Solids -Manufacturers 
0  Vitamins  for  Poultry  and  Livestock 


pressed,  and,  as  a  ..  atter  of  fact,  he 
has  plenty  of  time  to  come  down  for 
a  smoke  occasionally.  Of  course,  it 
means  he  has  to  keep  going  while  he 
is  at  it.  He  starts  at  seven  in  the 
morning  and  is  finished  at  5:30,  hav¬ 
ing  one  hour  for  lunch  and  one-half 
hour  for  breakfast.  He  has  been  gath¬ 
ering  over  2,500  eggs  as  an  average  a 
day  since  the  pullets  got  into  full 
swing.” 

—a.  a. — 

COCCIDIOSIS  CONTROL 

Reinforcements  for  the  fight  against 
coccidiosis  seem  to  be  on  the  way. 
The  use  of  flowers  of  sulfur  to  control 
the  caecal  or  acute  type  of  coccidiosis 
is  definitely  past  the  experimental 
stage.  This  is  fortunate  because  it 
may  be  difficult  this  season  to  get  dried 
milk.  In  any  case  sulfur  will  be  a  less 
costly  treatment.  Dr.  Levine  of  Cor¬ 
nell  recommends  5  pounds  of  sulfur 
with  95  pounds  of  mash.  Feed  no  grain 
while  this  mash  is  being  fed.  If  the 
birds  are  confined  the  sulfur  should 
not  be  fed  longer  than  two  weeks.  The 
sulfur  does  not  cure.  It  merely  pre¬ 
vents  further  infection.  Cleaning  out 
the  litter  is  an  important  part  of  the 
treatment. 

Dr.  Levine  states  that  he  has  found 
the  above  treatment  effective  also  in 
protecting  older  birds  against  one  of 
the  several  types  of  intestinal  coccidi¬ 
osis. — L.  E.  Weaver. 

— a.  a. — 

WHEAT  FOR  HENS 

Poultrymen  will  use  their  share  of 
ever-normal  granary  wheat  released  by 
the  government.  Much  of  it  will  be 
used  in  scratch  feed.  You  can  either 
mix  equal  amounts  of  wheat  with 
whole  or  cracked  corn,  or,  as  some 
poultrymen  do,  you  can  feed  wheat, 
oats  and  corn  in  separate  hoppers. 

Some  poultrymen  in  wheat-producing 
areas  have  wheat  of  milling  quality 
that  they  have  been  planning  to  feed 
to  the  chickens!  This  can  be  sold,  and 
the  government  wheat  bought  at  about 
25c  a  bushel  less. 

— a.  a. — 

SEXING  NO  HARM 

I  have  been  told  that  sexing  pullets 
delays  their  maturity  at  least  two  months. 
Is  this  true? 

Of  course,  a-«exer  who  is  clumsy  or 
careless  might  injure  the  chicks,  but 
he  will  not  have  a  job  very  long.  I 
think  that  ninety-nine  and  one-half  per 
cent  of  sexed  chicks  are  not  injured 
in  any  way  by  the  simple  and  rapid 
act  of  sexing.  Death  under  the  hover 
or  on  the  range  and  prolapse  in  the 
laying  house  are  not  the  result  of  sex¬ 
ing. 

The  decision  to  be  made,  as  I  ree  it, 
involves  only  the  question  of  pr  ff- 
ableness.  Will  sexed  chicks  save  money 
or  time  or  room,  or  produce  better 
pullets  ?  Last  season  2  lb.  Leghorn 
broilers  brought  a  fair  price.  They 
still  do.  One  man  told  me  he  made 
money  on  his  Leghorn  broilers.  If  that 
is  going  to  be  true  generally  this  sea¬ 
son,  I  see  no  advantage  in  buying  sex¬ 
ed  pullets.  They  cost  two  cents  more 
(the  cost  of  sexing),  and  the  only  sav¬ 
ing  in  room  is  during  the  first  few 
weeks.  There  is  not  much  advantage 
in  that.- — L.  E.  W. 

— a.  a. — 

ALFALFA  IN  RATION 

Is  it  a  good  practice  to  give  alfalfa  hay 
to  hens? 

Yes.  The  better  the  hay,  the  better 
it  is  for  the  hens;  so  pick  out  the 
brightest,  cleanest  alfalfa  you  have. 
The  best  way  to  feed  it  is  to  have  a 
rack  or  some  woven  wire  made  into  a 
( Continued  on  Page  16) 


V,UmiN 


!Ir.sH«ver 

"Nop*0 
Vitamin  A 


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Also  Kills  Garden  Insects 

Use  on  flowers,  plants,  shrubs,  trees  and 
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ALL-IN-ONE  Fill  your  birds’  SAVE  LABOR  Only  one  grit 

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SAVE  DOLLARS  Notice  the 
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About  15%  dust  and  off- 
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shells;  dust  increases  as 
birds  eat  the  shell.  No 
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A  COMPLETE  Birds  like  its 
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eat  too  much.  For  growing  birds, 
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to  your  chicks.  Start  now  to  save 
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ASK  YOUR  DEALER  FOR  LIMEROLL 

LIMEROLL  is  made  by  the  men  who  have  manufactured  Roll-Crush 
Insoluble  Granite  Grit  for  a  number  of  years. 


grinding  and  shell-making 
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particles,  Roll-Crush  In¬ 
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BALANCED  LIMEROLL  has 

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ALLIED  MINERALS,  INC 

WEST  CHELMSFORD,  MASSACHUSETTS 


(154)  16 


American  Agriculturist,  February  28,  1942 


OUR  GUARANTEE.  You  need  have  no  hesitation  in  sending  money  to  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  baby  chick  advertisers  If  they  fail  to  send  the  chicks  to  you. 
vour  money  will  be  refunded  We  require  every  advertiser  to  stand  back  of  statements  made  in  the  advertisement.  Obviously  no  one  can  guarantee  that  chicks  will 

Rve  To  take  advantage  of  our  guarantee  it  is  necessary,  when  writing  advertisers,  to  say,  “I  saw  your  advertisement  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST.” 


•  Every  Kerr  Chick  is  a  lively  chick.  They 
get  their  pep  and  vigor  from  careful,  selec¬ 
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120,000  breeders  are  culled, 
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All  popular  breeds,  crosses 
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•  Write  for  Free  Literature, 

Advance  Order  Discount  Otter 


21  RAILROAD  AVE.,  FRENCHTOWN,  N.  J. 

Therms  a  branch  office  near  you— call  today 
NEW  JERSEY:  Jamesburg,  Paterson,  Woodbury; 
NEW  YORK:  Binghamton,  Blue  Point,  L.  I.,  East 
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PENNSYLVANIA:  Dunmore,  Lancaster,  Lewistown; 
MASS.:  West  Springfield;  CONN.:  Danbury;  DEL¬ 
AWARE:  Selbyville.  (Address  Dept.  21) 


FRUITS  BABY  CHICKS 


Hatches  Every  Week  in  Year 
Will  Ship  C.O.D. 

Larg.  Eng.  White  Leghorns - $ 

Br.  &  W.  Bocks,  K.  X.  Reds - 

New  Hampshire  Beds -  .9-50 

Bock-Bed  Cross  - 

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BOX  A,  HUMMELS  WHARF.,  PENNA. 


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DUCKLINGS 


MAMMOTH  PEKINS,  $16.-100;  WHITE  RUNNERS. 
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SQUABS 


do -it -with 

Royal  squabs  UP,  UP  in  city  mar¬ 
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when  this  LUXURY  poultry  (raised  in  25  days)  is  in 
active  demand?  FREE  BOOK  has  personal  detailed 
accounts  bv  know-how  breeders.  It’s  helpful.  Write  for 
it  today.  RICE  FARM,  206  H.  St.,  MELROSE,  MASS. 


To  profit  by  our  guarantee,  be  sure  to 
mention  American  Agriculturist  when  you 
write  to  advertisers. 


( Continued  from  Page  15) 

pocket  in  the  corner  of  the  pen.  Hens 
will  pick  off  the  leaves,  the  stems  can 
be  added  to  the  litter. 

—  a.  a. — 

GAS  KILLS  CHICKS 

I  have  been  told  that  chicks  in  a  brood¬ 
er  house  are  sometimes  killed  by  carbon 
monoxide.  Is  this  true? 

It  certainly  is,  and  the  trouble  is 
that  poultrymen  very  seldom  recognize 
the  cause  of  death.  Obviously,  preven¬ 
tion  consists  of  proper  ventilation. 
There  is  most  danger  of  losses  during 
wintry,  stormy  nights  when  the  win¬ 
dows  and  ventilators  are  closed.  The 
fire  in  the  brooder  consumes  oxygen 
until  the  supply  gets  low,  and  then  the 
flames  give  off  carbon  monoxide.  So 
far  as  the  chicks  are  concerned,  symp¬ 
toms  are  uneasiness  and  then  a  drowsy 
stupor.  Then  they  appear  to  be  chilly 
and  lie  on  their  sides  with  their  heads 
thrown  backv  Chicks  can  be  saved  if 
these  symptoms  are  noted  and  if  they 
can  be  removed  to  some  warm  place 
where  the  air  is  fresh. 

— A.  a. — 

CANNIBALISM 

Last  year  I  had  some  trouble  with 
cannibalism  in  chicks.  How  can  I  pre¬ 
vent  it  this  spring? 

There  are  certain  precautions  that 
can  be  taken.  Give  them  plenty  of 
room  and  do  not  keep  them  too  warm. 
There  is  some  evidence  that  there -is 
more  danger  of  cannibalism  if  the 
brooder  house  is  kept  at  too  high  a 
temperature.  Provide  them  plenty  of 
feeder  space,  and  get  them  outside, 
either  on  a  porch  or  on  the  ground,  as 
soon  as  possible.  After  cannibalism 
starts,  you  can  use  any  one  of  several 
commercial  anti-pick  preparations  to 
smear  on  the  chicks  that  have  been 
-  picked.  Painting  the  windows  red 
seems  to  be  of  considerable  help.  Good 
results  are  reported  by  putting  in  an 
additional  1%  or  2%  of  salt  in  the 
ration. 

— a.  a. — 

SEXED  CHICKS 

Will  there  be  the  usual  supply  of  sexed 
chicks  this  spring?  I  have  heard  that 
most  chick  sexers  are  Japanese. 

We  are  at  war  with  Japan.  Apppr- 
ently  it  is  taken  for  granted  that  the 
Japanese  who  have  been  doing  most 
of  the  sexing  will  not  be  available;  or 
if  they  are  available,  that  no  one  will 
hire  them.  Or  perhaps  some  people 
would  refuse  to  buy  chicks  that  had 
been  sexed  by  Japanese.  I  have  not 
heard  anyone  say  so.  I  doubt  if  any¬ 
one  is  so  extreme  as  that. 

I  have  talked  with  quite  a  number 
of  probable  purchasers  of  chicks,  and 
I  have  arrived  at  a  few  conclusions 
about  this  matter.  Here  they  are: 

(a)  There  will  be  plenty  of  sexed 
chicks  for  everyone  who  wants  thorn. 

(b)  There  is  no  good  reason  why  Jap¬ 
anese  sexers  should  not  be  employed 
and  no  reason  why  anyone  should  not 
buy  chicks  that  are  sexed  by  Japan¬ 
ese.  (c)  Perhaps  there  will  be  no 
great  advantage  in  getting  sexed  pul¬ 
let  chicks  this  year  anyway. 

The  Japanese  sexers  are  American 
citizens.  Some  of  them  were  borr  in 
the  United  States.  These  have  as 
much  right  to  our  respect  and  should 
be  as  free  from  suspicion  as  Joe  Di- 
Maggio,  whose  ancestors  came  from 


Italy,  or  L.  E.  Weaver,  source  of  whose 
ancestors  came  from  Germany.  If 
there  should- be  any  question  about  the 
loyalty  of  our  naturalized  Japanese 
American  citizens,  it  seems  to  me  that 
we  can  leave  it  to  our  efficient  F.B.I. — 
L.  E.  Weaver. 

—  A.  A. — 

COOLING  EGGS 

How  important  is  the  use  of  wire  bas¬ 
kets  for  gathering  eggs? 

Tests  have  shown  that  the  animal 
heat  in  the  eggs  will  be  reduced  about 
twice  as  fast  as  when  the  eggs  are 
gathered  in  pails.  Some  poultrymen,  to 
save  expense,  have  taken  old  pails  and 
cut  holes  in  them.  That  is  a  help,  but 
they  are  not  as  effective  as  wire  bas¬ 
kets. 

— a.  a. — 

PRODUCING  AGE 

We  are  just  starting  in  the  chicken 
business  in  a  small  way.  At  what  age  can 
we  expect  pullets  to  produce  eggs?  When 
is  the  best  time  to  buy  them? 

With  light  breeds,  you  can  expect 
some  pullets  to  produce  eggs  in  five 
months,  heavy  breeds  in  six  months. 
Over  a  period  of  years,  there  has  been 
a  shift  in  the  time  of  year  when  eggs 
bring  highest  prices.  We  used  to  think 
of  cheap  summer  eggs  and  high  winter 
eggs,  but  that  is  no  longer  true.  We 
are  apt  to  get  best  prices  from  the 
first  of  July  until  December.  It  is  not 
especially  profitable  to  have  a  bunch 
of  pullets  come  into  production  just 
when  the  prices  begin  to  slump.  There¬ 
fore,  to  get  best  results,  start  chicks 
very  early  in  the  spring  or  in  the  fall. 
Fall  brooding  is  a  new  idea,  but  it  is 
being  practiced  by  many  poultrymen. 
With  proper  care,  chicks  can  be  bought 
and  raised  any  month  of  the  year. 

— a.  a. — 

RATS  ARE  SMART 

I  have  tried  every  method  I  can  think 
of  of  ridding  my  henhouse  of  rats,  but 
they  are  still  with  me.  Is  there  any  tried 
and  proven  method  of  getting  rid  of 
them? 

it  is  generally  agreed  that  it  is  prac¬ 
tically  impossible  to  rid  a  building  of 
rats  when  it  has  hollow  wall  spaces, 
straw  lofts,  or  other  places  where  rats 
can  breed.  You  can  keep  them  down  but 
it  is  a  continuous  process.  Back  of  all 
efforts  to  rid  a  place  of  rats  is  rat- 
proof  construction.  If  your  house  has 
hollow  walls,  you  may  find  it  neces¬ 
sary  to  do  some  tearing  out  and  re¬ 
modeling.  That  sounds  like  a  big  job, 
but  it  may  be  worth  while.  There  are 
men  who  will  tell  you  that  rats  have 
run  them  right  out  of  the  poultry  busi¬ 
ness. 

There  is  no  one  method  that  will 
eradicate  rats.  You  have  to  use  all 
methods  and  use  them  consistently. 
The  first  proposition  is  poison  or  gas. 
Rats  are  smart  animals.  Don’t  put  out 
a  bunch  of  poison  tonight.  Bait  them 
first  and  get  them  accustomed  to  eat¬ 
ing  the  bait.  Then  give  them  plenty  of 
poison,  and  you  should  make  a  big 
killing.  Gassing  can  be  done  in  one 
of  two  ways — either  by  exhaust  from 
a  car  or  by  use  of  Cyanogas.  If  you 
leave  the  windows  open,  either  of 
these  can  be  used  in  walls  or  under 
floors  without  danger  to  the  hens. 

Use  traps.  Of  course,  you  cannot 
leave  rat  traps  around  the  floor  of  a 
chicken  house,  but  you  can  nail  “snap 
traps”  up  on  studs.  When  a  rat  travels, 


REDBI RD 


90,000  BREEDERS 

MASS.  STATE  PULLORUM  TESTED 

Maintained  on  Our  Own  300  Acre  Farm. 

For  over  30  years,  Redbird  Farm  Chicks  have  been 
making  money  for  our  customers.  This  alone  accounts 
for  our  unequaled  growth  from  48  breeders  to  90.000. 
Further,  only  Chicks  of  exceptional  vigor  could  stand 
up  under  this  amazing  Guarantee,  made  for  13  years: 

98%  Livability  Guaranteed  First  4  Weeks 
on  All  Champion,  Grade-A  and  Grade-B  Matings. 
RHODE  ISLAND  REDS — Our  original  strain.  State 
Contest  records  up  to  334  eggs.  Customers  report: 
3-lb.  Broilers  at  10  weeks.  50%  Production  of 
24-oz.  Eggs  from  6-month  Pullets. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRES— Blend  of  finest  New  England 
strains.  Unexcelled  for  defense  production. 
ROCK-RED  CROSS— For  Barred  Broilers.  Boasters. 
RED-ROCK  Sex  Link  CROSS— For  Dark  Pullets, 
BARRED  Cockerels,  Sexes  separated. 

BARRED  ROCKS — Bred  to  full  standard  freight. 
WHITE  LEGHORNS — Large  type,  large  eggs. 
SEXED  CHICKS — 95%  Accuracy  Guaranteed. 

Write  today  for  free  Catalog  and  Price  List. 

REDBIRD  FARM  Wrentham,  Mass. 

World’s  Largest  R.  I.  Red  Breeding  Farm. 


JgtULSH  farm;  chick/H 


Til  Breeders  careiuuy  cuueu  ot 

il  *J  Blood  Tested.  Order  direct  from 
ad.  or  write  for  our  new  catalog. 
Satisfaction  and  safe  arrival  guaranteed. 

Shipments  Mon.  &  Thurs.—  Unsex’d  Pul’ts  C’k’ls 

Will  Ship  C.O.D.  100  100  100 

White  or  Brown  Leghorns - $9.00  $16.00  $3.50 

Black  or  Buff  Leg.,  Anconas -  9.50  17.00  4.50 

Bar.  White  or  Buff  Bocks -  9.50  13.00  8.50 

Wh  Wvand.  R.  I.  Reds,  N.  Hamps.  9.50  13.00  8.00 

Bed-Rocks,  Rock-Red  Cross -  9.50  13.00  9.50 

SPECIAL  GRADE  A  MATINGS 

White  &  Black  Leghorns - 12.00  20.00  4.50 

Bar  Bocks  &  New  Hampshires - 13.50  17.00  11.00 

Sexing  guaranteed  95%  oorrect.  Our  21st  year. 

ULSH  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A,  Port  Trevorton,  Pa. 


SHIRK’SQUALITY  CHICKS 

From  Blood  Tested  Breeders.  Electric  Hatched. 
PULLETS  GUARANTEED  95%  Unsex.  Pul'ts  Ckls. 
Will  Ship  Cash  or  C.O.D.  100  100  100 

Large  Type  White  Leghorns - $9.50  $17.00  $3.00 

Bar.  &  Wh.  Bocks,  B.  I.  Beds - 10.00  1  3.00  9.00 

Bed-Rock  &  Rock-Red  Cross. - 10.00  13.00  9.00 

New  Hampshire  Reds  (Direct) - 12.00  17.00  9.00 

Heavy  Mixed  -  8.00  10.00  7.00 

We  specialize  in  one  grade  and  one  price  as  all  our 

breeders  are  bred  up  to  one  quality,  outstanding  size 
and  egg  production.  Order  direct  from  ad  or  write  for 
FBEE  Catalog  giving  full  information  of  our  breeders 
and  hatchery.  All  chicks  shipped  prepaid.  Guar.  100% 
live  delivery.  Hatches  Tuesdays  and  Thursdays. 

SHIRK’S  HATCHERY, 


NACE’S  QUALITY  CHICKS 


We  pay  postage.  Safe  delivery  guaranteed. 

ANSON  OB  ENGLISH  LARGE  100  100  100 

YPE  WHITE  LEGHORNS  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls 

O.P.  SIRED  _ $9.00  $16.00  $3.00 

C  Everpay  Br.  Leghorns -  9-00  16.00  3.00 

ar.  ‘and  White  Rocks -  10.00  14.00  7.00 

H.  and  R.  I.  Reds -  10.00  14.00  7.00 

n,  Wvand.  and  Buff  Orps -  1 1  -00  1 5.00  8.00 

eavy  Mixed  — . — . —  8.00  10.00  6.00 

rom  Free  range  Flocks.  Sexed  Pullets  Guar.  95% 

rnurate  Order  from  ad  or  write  for  Catalog. 

IN  NACE  POULTRY  FARM  &  HATCHERY. 


BARROH  LCCH0RH 

CHICKS 


Tour  Chicks  MUST  be  good  this  year! 
„  Don’t  take  chances.  Clauser  chicks  are  from 
ge  size,  heavy  production  Barron  English  S.  C.  W. 
ghorns.  Hens  weigh  up  to  7  lbs.  Mated  with  R.O.P. 
digreed  Cockerels.  Extra  quality  chicks  from  Blood-test- 
healthy,  vigorous  selected  stock.  Straight  run,  sexed 
llets  or  cockerels.  Write  for  price  list  and  catalog. 


STONEY  RUN  CHICKS 


STR.  PLTS.  CKLS. 

100 


3h  or  C.O.D.  100%  live 

liverv  Guaranteed.  100  100 

glisli  White  Leghorns - $  9.00  $16.00 

RECT  HANSON  WH.  LEGHORNS  1 1.00  18.00 

r.  Wh.  Rocks  &  R.  I.  Reds - 10.00  12.00 

jcial  N.  H.  Reds - 13.00  17.00 

for  our  1942  Catalog  for  details  of  our  15 


$3.00 

4.00 

9.00 

10.00 

yrs. 


Lti  IUI  UUI  JLiZIgS  caiun/h  ivx  cjciunu  vui 

ding  program  that  makes  more  money  for  our  large 
ily  of  Poultry  Raisers.  All  Breeders  Bloodtested. 
SERVE  Your  Chicks  Today 


mcv 


II  ATPUCDV 


V9 


100%  del.  Cash  or  C.O.D.  UNSEX.  PLTS.  CKLS. 
(Pullets  Guar.  95%)  100  100  ,180 

Hanson  Special  Wh.  Leg.  $8.00  $16.00  $3.00 

or  Eng.  Wh.  Leg -  7.50  15.00  2.50 

Wh.  Rox,  R.  I.  Reds -  9.00  10.00  9.00 

$7.  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Free  Cir.  Postpaid. 
NIEMOND’S  POULTRY  FARM  &  HATCHERY. 
Norman  Niemond,  Box  A,  McALISTERVI  LLE,  PA. 

r»UIPUC  TOM  BARRON  WHITE  LEGHORNS. 

I'tllbrVa  HIGHEST  QUALITY.  LOWEST  PRICES. 

TftU  DADPnM  I  CO  CTARM  Rnv  A  Rir.UFIFI  D.  PA. 


Hanson 
Bar.  & 
II.  Mix 


f 

American  Agriculturist,  February  28,  1942 


■E7  (155) 


OUR  GUARANTEE.  You  ne«d  have  no  hesitation  in  sending  money  to  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  baby  chick  advertisers.  If  they  fail  to  send  the  chicks  to  you, 
your  money  will  be  refunded.  We  require  every  advertiser  to  stand  back  of  statements  made  in  the  advertisement.  Obviously  no  one  can  guarantee  that  chicks  will 
live.  To  take  advantage  of  our  guarantee  it  is  necessary,  when  writing  advertisers,  to  say,  “I  saw  your  advertisement  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST.” 


MORE  EGGS  FOR  DEFENSE  with 

T/;'  •  r;j 


HALL* 

fdfilultdttM 

CHICKS 


P 


Do  your  part  and  get  your  share  of  this 
increased  market  with  HALL’S  Early 
Hatched  CHICKS.  Agricultural  Col¬ 
lege  statistics  show  that  early  hatched 
chicks  are  51%  to  78%  MORE  PROFIT¬ 
ABLE  than  other  chicks. 

HALL’S  EARLY  HATCHED  CHICKS 

•  Live  Better 

•  Lay  Earlier 

•  Lay  More  Eggs  When  Prices  Are  High 

•  Make  the  Most  Rapid  Gains  in  Weight 

•  Bring  Higher  Broiler  Prices 

•  Are  Less  Subject  to  Setbacks 

Don’t  be  confused  by  the  great  amount 
of  questionable  Chick  advertising  and 
by  wild  extravagant  claims.  Get  the 
facts,  consult  men  who  know — and  don’t 
buy  on  promises.  Our  catalog  is  in¬ 
formative,  conservative  and  honest. 

It  will  help  you  to  decide 
wisely— please  send  for  it. 
We  hatch  chicks  of  6  Pure- 
breeds  and  4  Hallcrosses — 
all  from  Pullorum  Free 
Stock,  shipped  prepaid  and 
guaranteed  100%  Live  De¬ 
livery.  Order  Now. 


WELL  BRED  fom  WELL  BREEDERS 


HALL  BROTHERS  HATCHERY ,  INC. 

BOX  59,  WALLINGFORD.  CONN. 


iLEMENTS 

HICKSH 


BROS. 

FARMS 


Cl 

kl  ■  ■  —  ■  C  Clem-Cross] 
nil*  Haw  sex-1  inked  | 

-  —  —  baby  pullets  I 
are  reaching  wide  popularity! 
because  of  their  profit-abilities.  | 

So  are  CLEMENTS’  Reds.  Barred  and  L 
White  Rocks  and  Clem-Rock  cross  chicks. 

Maine- U.  S.  Pullorum  clean.  Catalog  tells  about  co¬ 
operative  savings  plan.  Write  today. 

CLEMENTS  BROS.  FARMS 
Box  24  Winterport,  Maine 


Bred  right. 


and 

SEXED  PULLETS 

R.  O.  P  SIRED 

Leghorns  -  hew  Hampshires 
Rocks  -  Reds  -  Crossbreds 
Hatched  from  Pullorum  Clean  Breeders 


Guarantee  Protects  You.  Early  Order  Discount. 

Write  for  Catalog  and  Prices. 
TAYLOR’S  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  LIBERTY,  N,  Y. 


CONTENT  FARMS 

W  S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS  W 

For  past  3  years  our  pens  at  Central  N.  Y.  Laying 
Contest  have  led  all  pens  all  breeds  in  combined  pro¬ 
duction  and  livability.  We  had  high  Leghorn  pen  at 
Farmingdale  Contest  1941.  Order  now  for  1942  delivery. 
Write  today  for  advance  price  list  and  catalog. 
CONTENT  FARMS,  BOX  A,  CAMBRIDGE.  N.  Y. 


BROOKSIOT 


WHITE  LEGHORNS 

LARGE  TYPE  BREEDERS' MAT- 
ED  WITH  HANSON  R.  0.  P. 
PEDIGREED  COCKERELS 

trom  hens  with  records  of  300 
eggs  and  over.  Also  Barred  Rocks, 
White  Rocks  and  New  Hamp- 
shires.  Day  Old  and  Started  Chicks. 
4  week  old  Pullets.  Price  list  and  Booklet  Free. 

BROOKSIDE  POULTRY  FARM 

E.  C.  BROWN,  Prop.,  Box  A,  Sergeantsville,  N.  J. 


from  high  record  trapnested, 
bloodtested  stock;  imported  and 
bred  this  strain  for  27  years.  Sex- 
ed  or  Unsexed  chicks.  Free  circular. 
DAVID  M.  HAMMOND, 

Rt.  3,  Cortland,  N.  Y. 


HAMPTON’S  BLACK  LEGHORN  CHICKS 

Live,  Lay,  Pay,  Healthy,  Hardy,  Heavy  Layers  of  Large 
White  Eggs.  Free  of  disease  and  cannibalism.  Circular 
free.  A.  E.  HAMPTON,  Box  A,  PITTSTOWN,  N.  J. 


TARBELL  FARMS  WHITE  LEGHORN  BABY  CHICKS. 

Breeders  carefully  selected  for  size,  production  and 
health.  Pullorum  test  negative.  Kimber  strain. 

TARBELL  FARMS,  SMITHVILLE  FLATS,  N.  Y. 


m  FNHA!  F  CHICKS  produce  profits  —  strong, 
viLiLilTLf2LL<Ci  healthy  Reds,  Rocks,  Crosses. 
Reasonable  prices.  State  tested.  No  Reactors! 
GLENDALE  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  0,  Somerset,  Mass. 


it  is  his  nature  to  go  up  and  down 
the  studs.  You  do  not  need  bait.  Put 
a  piece  of  cardboard  on  the  trip  so  the 
rat  cannot  cross  without  touching  it. 

Don’t  get  a  wire  trap,  bait  it,  and  put 
it  in  the  middle  of  a  henhouse,  and 
then  expect  to  get  any  rats.  Put  it  in 
the  corner,  cover  it  up  with  bags,  and 
leave  both  ends  open  for  several  nights. 
Put  in  some  bait,  and  get  the  rats  ac¬ 
quainted  with  it.  Then  some  night,  set 
it,  and  you  will  get  a  good  haul  the 
next  morning.  Don’t  kill  them  all. 
Leave  a  female  rat  in  the  trap,  and  you 
are  likely  to  catch  more  for  several 
nights. 

In  war  times,  any  sort  of  waste  holds 
up  defense  efforts.  Don’t  let  rats  eat 
feed  that  should  be  producing  eggs. 

— A.  a. — 

3  CHICKS  FOR  I  PULLET 

How  many  chicks  do  I  need  to  buy  for 
each  pullet  I  expect  to  put  in  the  laying 
house  next  fall? 

If  you  are  buying  straight-run 
chicks,  you  should  buy  three  for  every 
pullet  you  want.  This  will  make  pro¬ 
vision  for  reasonable  losses  and  for 
some  culling  of  the  less  desirable  pul¬ 
lets  when  they  go  into  the  house. 

— A.  a. — 

BUILT-UP  LITTER 

I  have  noticed  some  reference  to  built- 
up  litter.  I  do  not  understand  exactly 
what  this  means.  Can  you  explain  It  to 
me? 

We  will  be  very  glad  to  explain  this. 
In  simple  terms,  it  means  adding  litter 
to  the  laying  pen  during  winter  months 
and  making  no  attempt  to  clean  it 
out.  If  this  process  is  started  early  in 
the  fall  when  the  houses  are  still  dry, 
you  can  get  a  deep  litter  which  stays 
dry.  It  is  the  damp  house  that  gets 
dirty.  Droppings,  once  they  are  dry, 
will  rattle  down  through  the  litter  and 
do  no  harm.  It  seems  odd  that  once  the 
house  gets  damp,  you  will  do  little 
good  by  adding  litter.  You  have  to 
clean  it  out  and  start  over  again. 

— a.  a. — 

WIRE  PORCHES 

What  type  of  wire  is  used  for  sun 
porches  for  chicks? 

Either  a  hardware  cloth  or  welded 
16-gauge  wire  with  a  %"  mesh  can  be 
used.  The  holes  in  this  wire  are  too 
large  for  baby  chicks,  but  are  satis¬ 
factory  after  the  chicks  get  a  good  I 
start  and  until  they  get  about  10  weeks 
old.  For  range  shelter  floors,  you  can 
use  welded  wire  with  openings  1  inch 
by  2  inches. 

— a.  a. — 

FIRST  MEAL 

At  what  age  should  baby  chicks  be  fed? 

In  past  years,  it  has  been  commonly 
recommended  that  they  should  not  be 
fed  until  they  are,  about  72  hours  old. 
More  recently,  this  has  been  cut  to 
feeding  when  they  are  36  hours  old.  If 
you  buy  chicks  from  a  hatchery,  this 
means  that  they  need  to  be  fed  about 
the  time  you  get  them. 

— a.  a. — 

Poultrymen  in  the  State  of  Massa¬ 
chusetts  in  1940  produced  eggs  and 
poultry  to  the  value  of  $14,500,000.  This 
was  21.4%  of  the  value  of  farm  prod¬ 
ucts.  in  Massachusetts,  and  made  the 
poultry  industry  the  second  most  im¬ 
portant  source  of  farm  income  in  that 
state. 


CHICKS 

BIG  SAVINGS  on  EARLY  ORDERS 

Wene  R.  O.  P.  Sired  Chicks  insured  thru  first  14-Day  Danger  Period 
—  any  loss  replaced  FULLY  without  charge.  More  2-to-5-year-old 
HEN  BREEDERS  headed  by  200  to  314  Egg  Official  Record  pedigreed 
R.  O.  P.  Sires  than  any  other  Eastern  plant.  U.  S.  N.  J.  APPROVED. 
Hatches  year  'round.  Capacity  1,800,000  eggs.  All  popular  pure  or  cross¬ 
breeds.  BLOODTESTED.  Credit,  if  desired.  Write  today  for  FREE  CATALOG. 


ELMER  H.  WENE 


WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  Dept. 


B-4.  VINELAND,  N.J. 


R.O.R 


BREEDS 

WENEcross  Hybrids: 

Leghorn-  Minorcas 
Wyan- Rocks:  Bram- 
Rocks;  REDrocks, 
Leghorns  or  Wyan- 
dottes;  Barred  orWh. 
Rocks;  R.l.  Reds;  Bl. 
or  Wft.  Giants;  New 
Hampshire  Reds. 


JUNIATA  LEGHORNS 

ing  your  chicks  be  sure  to  write  us 
postal  card  will  bring  this  to  you. 

JUNIATA  POULTRY  FARIVI 


Our  28th  year  of  breeding  JUNIATA  LEGHORNS.  Our 
foundation  Breeders  direct  from  TOM  BARRON.  They  are 
large  birds  and  bred  for  eggs  and  more  eggs.  Before  order- 
for  our  large  Circular  showing  pictures  of  our  farm  and  breeders — a 
Prices  exceptionally  low.  Day  Old  Pullets  a  specialty.  Write  NOW. 


Box  A, 


RICHFIELD,  PENN. 


WHITI4t0CK 


ii 

i 

■ 

B 

I 


*  12.  % 

5  7 


pcs 

»  IOO 


BABY 

CHICKS.. 

EGGS  FOR 
HATCHING 

Special  Price  on  LARGE  ORDERS 

All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100% 
State  Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube  Agglut.  TOL- 
MAN’S  CHICKS  famous  for  RAPID  GROWTH. 
EARLY  MATURITY.  Profitable  EGG  YIELD. 
Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters  or 
market  eggs.  Send  for  FREE  Circular. 
fTTm  *  SPECIALIZE  ONE  BREED,  ONE 
1  > Kl  4  J  1 1  GRADE  at  ONE  PRICE. 

— - Dept.  B. 

ROCKLAND 

MASS. 


TOLMAN 


U.  S.  R.  0.  P.  Sired  Chicks 

White  Leghorns;  New  Hampshire  Reds: 
Barred  Bocks;  Barred  Cross.  Bred  to 
live.  100%  satisfaction  guaranteed. 
All  breeds  officially  bloodtested.  Chicks 
guaranteed  free  from  Pullorum. 

Write  for  illustrated  Catalog. 

Van  Duzer  Poultry  Farm 

Box  A  Sugar  Loaf,  New  York 


Introducing 

ROCK  REDCR0SS-BRED 

.-7. ^  Chicks  (from  the  best  of  both  breeds) 

— Excellent  for  broiler  raisers  or  egg 
producers.  State  tested,  pullorum  passed.  Same 
careful  breeding  as  Douglaston  Manor  Farm  R.  I. 

Reds — long  famous  for  high  produc¬ 
tion.  livability,  early  matur¬ 
ity,  non-broodiness.  large 
body  and  egg  size.  Both  Reds 
and  Crossbreds  are  available 
Sexed  or  Straight  Run.  Write 
for  catalog  and  prices  todav! 
DOUGLASTON  MANOR  FARM,  R.D.I,  PULASKI,  N.Y. 


CHERRY  HILL  CHICKS 


Twenty-Five  years  of  Breeding  and  Hatching  Experi¬ 
ence,  Assures  you  the  highest  duality.  Tested  for  B.W.D. 
Postage  Paid.  Catalog  FREE.  Live  Delivery. 

Pullets  Guar.  95%  Accurate.  Per  100  100  100 

BIG  R.O.P.  SIRED  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS  _ $  8.50  $16.00  $3.00 

White  or  Barred  Rocks _  9.50  13.00  8.00 

New  Hamper  or  S.C.  R.  I.  Reds 10.50  15.00  7.00 

Less  than  100  add  lc  per  chick.  Also  Started  Chicks. 

CHERRY  HILL  POULTRY  FARM, 

Wm.  Nace,  (Prop.)  Box  A,  McA LISTER VI LLE,  PA. 


Shellenberger's  S.  C.  White  Leghorns 

Heavy  producers  of  large  White  eggs.  R.O.P. 
Sired  Chicks — Sexed  Pullets,  95%  Sex  guarantee 
— Day  Old  Cockerels.  Write  for  prices  and  Catalog. 
C.  M.  SHELLENBERGER’S  POULTRY  FARM 
Box  37,  Richfield,  Pa. 


LARGE  TYPE  ENGLISH 

WHITE  LEGHORN  PULLETS 

Four  to  five  weeks  old,  35c  apiece,  Cockerels,  same 
age,  10c  each.  First  deliveries  by  the  middle  of  April. 
10%  deposit  will  hook  your  order.  Shipments  are 
made  bv  express  collect. 

FAIRVIEW  HATCHERY,  THERESA,  NEW  YORK. 


CHICKS:  Barred  Rocks,  White  Leghorns.  Also  White 
Holland  Turkey  Poults.  Pullorum  Tested.  Write  for  prices. 
H.  T.  Tillotson,  Highland  Poultry  Farm,  King  Ferry,  N.Y. 


A 


WIN  1500 

rifll  Nothing  to 
VMJn  Buy  or  Sell! 


Open  to  All  Chick  Raisers 

COLONIAL  IS  FIRST!  More 
people  buy  Colonial  Chicks  than 
any  other  kind.  Can  you  tell 
us  why?  It’s  just  that  easy.  All 
you  do  is  read  Colonial’s  Free 
Chick  Almanac.  Then  write  25 
words  telling  why  you  think 
Colonial  is  FIRST  in  CHICKS. 
And  if  your  report  is  chosen,  you 
win  $500  in  cash. 

BIG  CHICK  CATALOG  FREE 

Your  reading  Colonial’s  Catalog 
helps  us  because  it  acquaints  you 
with  the  wonderful  EXTRA  value 
Colonial  Chicks  offer  at  CUT 
PRICES.  It  helps  YOU  because  it 
gives  the  hints  needed  to  win  S500 
cash.  Just  send  a  penny  postcard 
for  Colonial’s  Free  Chick  Almanac. 
77  Other  Cash  Prizes — $1,250  alto¬ 
gether.  Write  today.  No  obligation. 

COLONIAL  Poultry  Farms 
Box  652, 


BETTER  CHICKS 
for  LESS  Money 

All  leading  kinds. 
Straight  run  or 
sexed.  Also  hy¬ 
brids.  Big  hatches 
daily. 


Marion,  Ohio 


FREE 

Chick  Almanac 
TELLS  ALL! 
Send  Postcard 
for  Your  Copy 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


Hatches  Mon.-Tues.-Wed.-Thurs.  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ $9.00  $16.00  $3.00 

Black  or  White  Minorcas _  9.00  16.00  3.00 

B.  &W.  Rox,  R.l.  Reds.  W.  Wy.  9.00  12.00  8.00 

Red-Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross _  9.00  12.00  8.00 

Jersery  White  Giants - 11.00  14.00  10.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAA  SUP.)_I2.00'  16.00  8.00 

Heavy  Mixed  $8.  HEAVY  BROILER  CKLS.  (OUR 
SELECTION)  $7.50.  Breeders  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D. 
100%  live  del.  Postage  Paid.  AMERICAN  SEXERS 
ONLY.  95%  Accuracy. 

C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


**  UZtStx'  UZjUi*' 

IT  QUALITY  CHICKS 


Hatches  Tuesdays  and  Thursdays.  Non-Sex  Pit’s  Ckl's 
Pullets  95%  Accurate  guar.  Per  100  100  100 

Large  Type  White  Leghorns - $  9.50  $17.00  $3.00 

B. &W.  Rox.  R.  I.  Reds,  Rox -Red  Cr.  10.00  13.00  9.00 

Special  Bred  N.  H.  Reds -  13.00  17.00  9.00 

H.  Mix  $9.00-100.  100%  live  del.  P.  Paid.  All  Breeders 
BLOOD  TESTED.  Antigen  method.  Write  for  Free 
Catalog  with  actual  photos  of  our  Poultry  Plant. 

MCALISTERVILLE  HATCHERY, 

Edgar  C.  Leister.  Owner,  Box  20,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


English  Black  Leghorns 

FOR  PROFIT 

Healthiest  breed,  no  pick-outs — 
no  paralysis.  Great  layers  of  big 
white  eggs,  as  broilers  dress  yel¬ 
low.  3000  Breeders  up  to  six 
years  old.  Chicks  and  eggs. 
Catalog  free.  Est.  1910. 

The  Keystone  Farms 

Box  87,  Richfield,  Pa. 


■mhmhi  xaitige  luaicu  vvllu  ia.g.a  .  iv-iaitis.  j-ajvy 

Price  on  Chicks  and  95%  Pullets,  Cockerels  $2.50-100. 
NORTH  SIDE  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A,  Richfield,  Pa. 


Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 


(156) 


18 


American  Agriculturist,  February  28.  1942 


3380 

APPUIdOJf  INCU 


19  (157) 


American  Agriculturist,  February  28,  1942 


CLASS  1  -A 

By  Mrs.  Inez  George  Gridley. 

( This  poem  won  first  prise  in  Cornell 
Farm  and  Home  Week  Poetry  Contest, 
at  Ithaca,  N.  Y. ) 

The  boy  is  like  an  awkward,  leggy  colt, 
Shying  at  strangers,  fearful  of  the  bit, 
But  settling  in  the  traces  for  the  pull. 
His  mother  sees  his  papers,  tries  to 
knit, 

Eyes  bright  with  unshed  tears.  His 
father’s  voice 

Is  hunting  words  he  cannot  find. 

The  boy  listens,  but  he  does  not  hear — 
For  drums  of  war  are  pulsing  in  his 
mind. 

He  hears  the  booming  of  a  foreign  surf, 
Sees  sunlit  banners  dip  in  proud 
salute.  .  .  . 

Yet  one  day  he’ll  remember  little 
things : 

The  lazy,  drifting  milkweed  parachute, 
The  April  robins  strutting  on  the  grass, 
Bee-balm  in  August,  fragrant  garden 
dill, 

The  sound  of  apples  dropping  in  the 
night; 

Blackberries  ripening  on  the  pasture 
hill, 

Warm,  brown  bouquets  of  hardhack  in 
the  snow; 

Wispy  bird  tracks  near  the  scattered 
grain. 

And  seeing  loam,  unplanted  in  the  sun, 
His  hands  will  ache  to  hold  a  plow 
again. 


Sing  a  Song  of  Spring 

( Continued  from  opposite  page ) 
other  side  of  the  sea  comes  basque 
frock  No.  3175,  a  style  which  American 
girlhood  has  endorsed  wholeheartedly. 
Its  long,  fitted  bodice  and  flaring  skirt 
seem  particularly  suited  to  slim  Ameri¬ 
can  girls. 

The  little  folks  must  have  their  in¬ 
nings  in  any  showing  of  styles.  “V  for 
Victory”  frock  No.  3368,  has  pointed 
yoke,  kick-pleat,  and  prettily  puffed 
sleeves — all  add  up  to  a  dress  any  little 
girl  will  love  for  spring.  The  pretty 
applique  design  is  included  in  the  pat¬ 
tern. 

Since  some  spring  days  may  be  chill 
days,  little  tots  will  need  little  coats. 
No.  3063  is  interpreted  in  a  fashion 
military,  trim,  double-breasted  and,  for 
the  little  girl,  caped.  The  pattern  can 
be  used  for  either  boy  or  girl. 

For  an  outfit  as  sweet  as  a  spring 
nosegay,  suspender  set  and  bonnet  No. 
3380  is  ideal.  The  set  includes  jacket, 
jumper  and  bonnet;  applique  is  includ¬ 
ed  in  the  pattern. 

TO  ORDER  THESE  PATTERNS 
Hats  No.  3322  —  one  size,  adaptable  to 
any  headsize.  Draped  style  with  con¬ 
trasting  bow,  %  yd.  35-in.  fabric,  1  yd. 
3-in.  ribbon.  Beret  (on  figure)  %  yd. 
Bag — 9x12  in. — %  yd. 

Jacket-Dress  No.  3129 — sizes  12  to  42. 
Size  36,  3%  yds.  39-in.  fabric  for  dress; 
3%  yds.  for  jacket.  Hat  and  Bag  Pat¬ 
tern  are  No.  3322. 

Bolero  Ensemble  No.  2862 — sizes  14  to  48. 
Size  36,  3y2  yds.  39-in.  fabric  for  bolero 
and  skirt;  1  y2  yds.  contrasting  for 
blouse  top. 

Blouse  No.  2599 — sizes  14  to  44.  Size  36, 
2  yds.  39-in.  fabric. 

Shirt-waist  Frock  No.  2870 — sizes  14  to  48. 

Size  36,  Zy2  yds.  39-in.  fabric. 
Housedress  No.  3357 — sizes  16  to  52.  Size 
36.  3%  yds.  39-in.  fabric  for  dress;  %  yd. 
contrasting  for  facing  around  neck  and 
sleeves. 

Basque  Dress  No.  3175— sizes  10  to  20. 
Size  16,  3%  yds.  39-in.  fabric  for  dress; 
%  yd.  contrasting. 

Child’s  Frock  No.  3368 — sizes  6  mos.,  1,  2, 
3,  4  years.  Size  2,  1%  yds.  39-in.  fabric 
for  dress,  1%  yds.  binding  for  neck;  % 
yd.  35-in.  for  appliques — appliques  in¬ 
cluded  in  pattern.  y8  yd.  39-in.  con¬ 
trasting  for  collar  (seated  view).  y2  yd. 
for  separate  panties. 

Child’s  Coat  No.  3063— sizes  2.  4,  6,  8. 
Size  4,  iy8  yds.  54-in.  fabric  for  boy’s 


coat;  1  y8  yds.  35-in.  lining.  1%  yds.  54- 
in.  for  girl’s  coat;  1%  yds.  35-in.  lining. 
Child’s  Suspender  Set  and  Bonnet  No. 
3380 — sizes  2,  4,  6,  8  years.  Size  4,  3  yds. 
35-in.  fabric  for  jacket,  jumper  and  bon¬ 
net;  %  yd.  light  contrasting;  y3  yd. 
dark  contrasting  for  applique.  Applique 
is  included  in  pattern. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address, 
pattern  size  and  number  clearly  and 
enclose  15c  in  stamps.  Address  Pat¬ 
tern  Dept.,  American  Agriculturist,  10 
North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  New 
York.  Add  12c  for  a  copy  of  our  new 
Spring  fashion  catalog. 

— a.  a. — 

Sugar  Rationing 

A  farm  woman  asks  in  a  letter: 
“What’s  the  use  of  planning  a  big 
garden,  including  berries,  and  trying 
to  save  food  through  canning  and  pre¬ 
serving  if  when  the  products  are  ready 
there  will  not  be  sugar  enough  to  take 
care  of  them?” 

I  am  no  prophet,  but  I  think  there 
will  be  sugar  for  all  canning  and  pre¬ 
serving  needs.  Authorities  certainly 
would  be  lacking  in  all  common  sense 
if  adjustments  in  sugar  rationing  are 
not  made  to  take  care  of  home  can¬ 
ning.  This  is  all  the  more  important 
because  cans,  particularly  tin  cans, 
will  be  so  scarce  that  for  the  next  few 
years  we  are  not  likely  to  be  able  to 
buy  much  canned  stuff  at  the  stores. 

I  should  certainly  suggest  that  you 
go  ahead  with  plans  for  a  bigger  and 
better  garden  than  ever.  I  am  quite 

sure  some  way  will  be  provided  so  that 
you  can  properly  care  for  all  you 
grow. — E.  R.  E. 


PeAdjanxUPnalUewui 


Is  She  Adopted? 

Dear  Lucile :  I  am  a  young  girl  of  fif¬ 
teen  and  live  with  my  father  and  step¬ 
mother.  My  stepmother  has  four  lovely 
children  and  as  I  look  at  them  I  can’t 
help  feeling  like  an  outsider  and  wonder¬ 
ing  if  I’m  adopted.  About  two  weeks 
ago  I  took  my  first  step  to  find  out 
whether  I  was  adopted.  I  went  to  the 
State  House  and  secured  my  birth  cer¬ 
tificate.  On  the  certificate  were  the  gen¬ 
eral  particulars  and  below  a  space  was 
left  for  the  signature  of  the  physician 
present  at  the  time  of  my  birth.  There 
was  no  signature  and  below  that  appear¬ 
ed  the  date,  December  8,  1926,  which  was 
almost  four  months  after  my  birth, 
August  14,  1926. 

Lucile,  could  you  offer  a  suggestion  as 
to  how  I  could  find  out  whether  I’m 
adopted  or  not  and  what  the  date  Decem¬ 
ber  8th  is?  I  secured  this  birth  cer¬ 
tificate  without  my  father’s  knowledge. 
Therefore,  I  request  that  this  be  strictly 
confidential. — Flo. 

Now,  why  would  a  little  fifteen-year- 
old  girl  with  a  nice  father,  kind  step¬ 
mother  and  four  lovely  step-brothers 
and  sisters  start  worrying  about 
whether  or  not  she  was  an  adopted 
child?  Would  it  really  matter?  And, 
did  you  know,  Flo,  that  almost  every 
girl  does  go  through  a  period  of  just 
such  wondering?  But  they  don’t  often 
go  so  far  as  you  did,  and  look  up  their 
birth  certificates. 

I  can’t  explain  the  difference  in  the 
date  you  found  on  your  certificate  and 
the  date  of  your  birthday,  but  don’t 
you  imagine  that  physicians  sometimes 
sign  the  certificates  later  .  .  .  even  as 
much  as  four  months  later?  Probably 
at  the  time  of  your  birth,  the  physician 
just  didn’t  sign,  and  later  he  thought 
of  it  and  signed  before  he  filed  the 
certificate.  I  don’t  know  this,  for  sure, 
but  it’s  what  I’d  suspect  happened. 

Why  don’t  you  forget  it?  I’m  sure 
your  father  loves  you  very  much,  so 
why  worry  about  how  he  got  you  ? 
It’s  probably  your  imagination. 


UOY,  WHEN  You 
'BARE  AT  HOMEl 

rehemberjhe 

'bNLY  YEAST 

W (Th  allthese, 

VITAMIN S  IS 

fWSCHMAWSl  f  fj 

.  It* 


O.  SOGLOW 


*Per  Cake:  Vitamin  A— 3100  Units  (Int.)  Vitamin  B*— 150  Units  (Int.) 
Vitamin  D— 400  Units  (Int.)  Vitamin  G — 40-50  Units  (Sb.  Bour.) 

Vitamins  B,,  D  and  G  are  not  appreciably  lost  in  the  oven; 
they  go  right  into  the  bread. 


This  Home-Mixed 
Cough  Relief  Is 
Hard  To  Beat 

So  Easy.  No  Cooking.  Saves  Dollars. 

No  matter  what  you’ve  been  using  for 
coughs  due  to  colds,  you’ll  be  the  first  to 
admit  that  this  surprising  relief,  mixed 
in  your  own  kitchen,  can’t  be  surpassed, 
for  real  results. 

Make  a  syrup  by  stirring  2  cups  of 
granulated  sugar  and  one  cup  of  water 
a  few  moments,  until  dissolved.  No 
cooking  is  needed — a  child  could  do  it. 

Then  put  2%  ounces  of  Pinex  (ob¬ 
tained  from  any  druggist)  into  a  pint 
bottle,  and  add  your  syrup.  This  gives 
you  a  full  pint  of  really  amazing  cough 
relief — about  four  times  as  much  for 
your  money.  Tastes  fine — children  love 
it — and  it  never  spoils. 

You  can  feel  this  home  mixture  tak¬ 
ing  right  hold  of  a  cough.  It  loosens  the 
phlegm,  soothes  the  irritated  membranes, 
and  helps  clear  the  air  passages.  Eases 
soreness  and  difficult  breathing,  and  lets 
you  sleep.  Once  tried,  you’ll  swear  by  it. 

Pinex  is  a  special  compound  of  proven 
ingredients,  in  concentrated  form,  a 
most  reliable  soothing  agent  for  throat 
and  bronchial  membranes.  Just  try  it, 
and  if  not  satisfied,  your  money  will  be 
refunded. 


BE  SATISFIED 

In  remodelling  or  repairing  your 
home  be  sure  to  use  reliable  equip¬ 
ment  and  good  materials.  Patron¬ 
ize  American  Agriculturist  advertis¬ 
ers  and  you  will  be  satisfied. 


Don’t  Let  Your  Accident 
Insurance  Policy  Run  Out 

IF  YOU  HAVE  BEEN  NOTIFIED  THAT  YOUR 
POLICY  IS  TO  RUN  OUT  SOON.  RENEW  IT 
RIGHT  AWAY  WITH  OUR  AGENT  OR  DIRECT 
TO  THE  OFFICE 

North  American  Accident  Ins.  Co. 

N.  A.  ASSOCIATES  DEPT. 

10  North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


NOtVr 

$  OUNCES  /UK 
tZ  OUNCES  t5t 
2&  ounces  25k 


•  New  Davis  Cook 
Book  makes  baking 
sure  and  simple  with 
21  Master  Pattern 
Baking  Formulas. 
80  pages  beautifully 
illustrated.  Yours 
for  10c  and  a  label 
from  a  can  of  Davis  j 
Baking  Powder. 


7] 


DAVIS 

COOK  BOOKI 

R.  B.  Davis  Co.,  Hoboken,  N.J.  | 
I  enclose  10c  and  label  from  | 
a  canof  DavisBaking  Powder  I 
for  my  copy  of  Davis  Master  I 
Pattern  Baking  Formulas. 

- -  j 


Stats 


(158) 


20 


American  Agriculturist,  February  28,  1942 


Maxell  fyiMt 

By  R  O  M  E  Y  N  BERRY 


A  BESIEGED  garrison  can  hold  on 
indefinitely  once  it  knows  that  help 
is  on  the  way.  Something  of  the  same 
sort  is  trhe  of  a  drifted,  wind-swept 
farm  when  you  tear  the  February  sheet 
off  the  calendar.  When  the  March 
sheet  is  turned  up,  there  are  only  two 
more  months  to  go  before  there’ll  be 
green  grass  in  the  pasture.  I  guess 
we  can  last  that  long,  even  though  the 
hay  is  getting  lower  and  lower  in  the 
bay  and  the  cabbages  down  cellar 
aren’t  what  they  used  to  be. 

Cabbages  never  seem  to  go  through 
the  winter  so  well  in  ou:’  cellar  as  they 
do  in  the  pages  of  American  Agricul¬ 
turist.  Ours  are  apt  to  go  a  little 
soggy  about  now.  But  the  chickens 
like  them,  and  as  for  us,  I  imagine  we 
can  hang  on  for  our  cabbage  vitamins 
until  cowslips  and  dandelion  greens 
and  pieplant.  We  don’t  remember  ever 
having  any  vitamin  trouble  anyway  un¬ 
til  we  heard  the  lady  tell  about  them 
on  the  radio.  Anybody  who  got  along 
without  vitamins  for  fifty  years  ought 
to  be  able  to  hold  on  without  them 
for  another  six  weeks. 


March  first  is  a  pretty  significant 
date — on  the  calendar  and  on  the  farm, 
too.  When  you  tear  off  the  February 
sheet,  you  haven’t  improved  things  the 
least  bit  outdoors,  but  you  know 
you’re  over  the  grade.  Year  in  and 
year  out  you  can  reasonably  expect  the 
worst  weather  of  the  winter  in  March, 
but  along  with  the  tempest,  the  buz¬ 
zards,  and  the  floods,  there  will  be 
tucked  in,  here  and  there,  isolated  gold¬ 
en  days  which  are  the  very  promise  of 
God  that  the  seed  time  and  the  harvest 
are  coming  up  from  somewhere  south 
of  Lynchburg,  Virginia. 

Turning  back  at  random  in  our  Farm 
Diary  of  another  year,  we  find  these 
separated  records: 

MARCH  15— Big  snow  during  the 
night,  and  the  hemlocks  are  bent  down 
with  it.  Town  plows  out  again.  No 
school  bus  went  through  today.  Shovel¬ 
ed  steadily  from  7:30  to  10:00  to  open 
a  path  to  the  barn  and  to  break  a  way 
out  to  the  road. 

MARCH  20 — Melting  temperatures 
all  day.  Snow  going  steadily  in  small 
trickles.  The  little  waterfall  at  the 
foot  of  the  yard  is  still  concealed  by 
snow  and  ice,  but  now  it  can  be  heard 
roaring  mildly  underneath. 

MARCH  27— Warm  spring  day.  Fif¬ 
ty-two  in  the  afternoon.  Bright  sun. 
Brook  full,  yel.ow  and  turbulent. 
Walked  over  the  farm  after  dinner  for 
the  first  time  in  months.  Found  some 
horseradish  shoots  showing  green  un¬ 
der  water.  Pulled  the  roots,  grated 
them,  and  had  fresh  horseradish  sauce 
for  supper. 

Any  month  that  in  the  space  of 
twelve  days  will  take  you  from  snow¬ 
plows  on  the  road  to  fresh  horseradish 
sauce  on  the  supper  table  is  a  good 
month;  the  first  day*  thereof  an  omen 
of  promise,  more  reliable  than  the 
robin.  Robins  make  mistakes. 

Farm  work,  when  you  pick  it  apart, 
simmers  down  pretty  much  to  getting 
through  one  winter  and  getting  ready 
for  the  next  one.  It’s  either  one  th'.ig 
or  the  other,  and  not  infrequently  both, 
as  for  example  when  you  have  to  break 
a  road  to  the  woodlot  in  Winter  A  to 


get  out  the  fuel  that  will  keep  you 
reasonably  warm  in  Winter  B;  when 
you  provide  against  a  sugar  shortage 
in  Winter  B  by  tapping  the  spurting 
arteries  of  hard  maples  before  the  end 
of  Winter  A. 

When  you  look  at  it  that  way,  farm¬ 
ing  becomes  an  adventure  and  not  just 
a  business. 

I  don’t  think  I’d  like  large  scale, 
commercial  farming  where  you  never 
quite  know  where  you  came  out  until 
the  man  has  come  up  from  the  bank 
and  gone  over  the  books.  But  on  a  lit¬ 
tle  farm  like  ours,  where  two-thirds  of 
the  things  we  raise  stay  on  the  pi  ce, 
you  can  see  for  yourself  on  the  first 
of  March  the  relation  of  summer  work 
to  winter  comfort,  and  the  whole  pic¬ 
ture  becomes  clear,  reasonable,  and 
encouraging. 

The  cock  of  clover  hay  under  which 
you  stagger  to  the  load  at  the  end  of 
a  hot  July  afternoon  would  seem  hard¬ 
ly  worth  the  weary  effort  if  you 
thought  of  it  merely  as  a  nickel’s  worth 
of  hay;  but  translated  in  your  mind 
to  a  pail  of  milk,  a  half  pound  of  but¬ 
ter,  a  plate  of  veal  stew  with  dump¬ 
lings,  you’re  glad  to  go  back  and  gath¬ 
er  up  the  wisps  of  hay  you  dropped 
along  the  row.  Saw  and  chop  and  split 
ten  cords  of  stove  wood,  draw  it  to 
town,  and  sell  it  for  what  you  can  get, 
and  it’s  a  question  if  you  wouldn’t 
have  done  better  working  for  the  Town 
on  the  road.  But  no  such  discourag¬ 
ing  thoughts  arise  when  you  look  at 
your  day’s  work  in  the  woodlot  and 
appraise  it  in  terms  of  warmth  and 
security  some  night  next  winter  wl  en 
the  window  pane  is  so  heavily  frosted 
you  can’t  see  the  thermometer  and  the 
roar  of  the  wind  around  the  corner  of 
the  house  serves  only  to  emphasize  the 
genial  comfort  of  the  kitchen. 

Right  now  I  could  go  out  to  the 
barn,  throw  down  a  forkful  of  hay,  and 
tell  you  within  a  rod  where  it  came 
from.  You  can’t  do  that  when  you’re 
raising  hay  to  bale  and  sell  in  carload 
lots.  And  I  can  remember  thinking 
when  that  particular  forkful  went  into 
the  bay  that  it  would  probably  be  com¬ 
ing  out  around  the  firs„  of  March  and 
would  then  be  a  lot  more  important 
than  it  seemed  in  July. 

All  that  is  what  makes  March  first 
such  a  significant  date  in  taking  your 


mental  inventory.  It’s  still  cold  enough 
to  make  you  realize  vividly  the  rela¬ 
tion  of  summer  work  to  winter  secur¬ 
ity.  There’s  promise  enough  in  the 
longer  days,  the  higher  sun,  to  bring 
home  the  urge  to  get  out  and  get  at  it. 
Look  out  the  window.  There’s  the 
farm  and  here’s  the  spring  coming  up. 
It’s  going  to  be  an  important  year  in 
the  farming  business.  Turn  off  that 
radio,  face  the  facts,  and  oil  the  har¬ 
ness! 

You  don’t  know  whether  a  dollar  is 
going  to  be  worth  nine  cents  or  ninety, 
but  you  can  be  sure  that  meat  and 
potatoes,  ham  and  eggs,  chicken  and 
gravy  will  keep  right  on  being  a  meal 
of  victuals.  You  don’t  know  just 
where  you  are  going  to  get  help  to 
harvest  a  crop,  but  you  can  be  reason¬ 
ably  sure  of  selling  a  crop  if  you  get 
one  and  get  it  in.  It  will  be  either 
too  wet  or  too  dry,  and  there  will  be 
no  real  scarcity  of  bugs.  Those  are 
the  certain  uncertainties.  But  along 
with  them  go  the  assurance  that  at  the 
end  of  the  spring  will  come  the  sum¬ 
mer,  and  then  the  fall  and  the  winter 
with  the  regularity  of  the  stars  in  their 
courses. 

In  a  world  disturbed  and  out  of 
gear,  the  farmer  on  the  first  of  March 
is  the  one  person  who  can  see  his 
course  mapped  clear  before  him.  All 
he’s  got  to  do  is  the  same  thing — only 
better,  faster,  and  more.  For  this  year 
he  has  to  do  it  for  himself  and  for 
America,  too — all  to  the  end  that  there 
shall  be  built  up  in  the  summer  that  is 
before  us  full  barns  and  full  cellars 
to  last  through  the  winter  that  is  also 
before  us. 

No  job  is  too  hard  when  you  know 
what  to  do  and  how  to  do  it.  The 
farmer  does. 

— a.  a. — 

Horse  and  Buggy  Days 

(Continued  from  Page  5) 
said  he  rolled  over  and  fell  off  the 
bench.  Anyhow,  he  woke  up  and  start¬ 
ed  yelling  like  an  Indian:  “The  front 
pan  is  boiling  over,  the  front  pan  is 
boiling  over!”  I  jumped  to  my  feet, 
pretty  scared,  and  sure  enough  the 
syrup  in  the  front  pan  was  rising  up 
in  a  great  golden  mass.  We  knew  that 
it  would  go  over  the  top  almost  im¬ 
mediately  and  waste  a  lot  of  syrup, 
but  worse  yet,  it  would  soon  burn  on 
the  bottom  of  the  pan  and  give  a 
burned  taste  to  that  whole  batch  of 
first-run,  first  grade  maple  syrup.  I 
grabbed  the  biggest  dipper  and  dash¬ 
ed  for  the  back  pan  to  get  a  dipperful 
of  cooler  syrup.  Bill  grabbed  the  other 
dipper  and  ran  out  to  the  storage  tanks 
after  some  cold  sap.  Just  as  the  first 
bubbling  sticky  streams  started  over 
the  side  of  the  pan,  Bill  poured  in  his 


The  Amateur  Poet’s 
Corner 


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Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

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and  each  poem  submitted  for  this  corner 
must  be  original  and  the  work  of  an 
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in  a  poem,  be  sure  to  state  whether  you 
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Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist ,  P.  O.  Box  367.  Ithaca.  N.  Y 

Where  the  Trees  Stood  Tall 

Three  tall  trees  that  grew  on  the  moun¬ 
tain, 

Three  tall  beeches  with  straight  gray 
boles  .... 

We  cut  and  brought  them  down  for 
firewood. 

Oh,  I  wonder,  do  trees  have  souls? 
All  through  the  summer  they  whisper¬ 
ed  together 

Secrets  of  bud  and  leaf  and  bird; 

How  the  sweet  nuts  grew  on  their 
branches, 

Falling  in  autumn  when  brisk  winds 
stirred. 

Now  when  I  walk  on  the  hill  in  spring¬ 
time, 

There’ll  be  a  gap  in  the  forest  wall. 
Indian  pipes  will  wilt  in  hot  sunshine; 
Grasses  grow  up  where  the  trees  stood 
tall. 

— Mrs.  Julia  H.  George, 

Eureka,  N.  Y. 


cold  sap  to  help  my  bigger  dipperful 
of  thin,  lukewarm  syrup,  and  the  gold¬ 
en  mass  started  to  settle  down.  I  start¬ 
ed  dipping  up  dipperfuls,  raising  them 
high  into  the  air,  and  pouring  them 
back  into  the  pan.  Bill  got  another 
little  dipperful  of  sap,  and  the  battle 
was  won.  But  two  boys  had  had  all  the 
sleep  scared  out  of  them  for  the  rest 
of  the  night. 

When  Uncle  Rob  came  out  about 
daybreak  he  smelled  the  burned  syrup 
immediately,  and  looked  pretty  wor¬ 
ried,  but  we  soon  proved  that  all  the 
smell  came  from  the  very  small  trick¬ 
les  that  had  flowed  over  the  edge  of  the 
pans  on  to  the  hot  arch.  This  didn’t 
amount  to  much,  and  we  were  all  pret¬ 
ty  happy  over  the  outcome. 

Charlie  came  out  soon  to  take  over 
the  boiling  for  the  next  few  hours,  and 
brought  with  him  two  large  milk  pails 
and  a  neck  yoke.  We  poured  the  front 
pan  into  these  pails,  carefully  adjusted 
the  yoke  on  Uncle  Rob’s  shoulders,  and 
hung  a  pail  on  each  end.  Then,  walking 
very  carefully,  Uncle  Rob  started  for 
the  house.  We  all  got  there  safely  and 
put  the  pails  of  syrup  in  the  back  pan¬ 
try. 

Most  of  the  cows  were  dry,  so  it 
didn’t  take  long  to  do  the  milking, 
feed  the  calves,  and  do  the  other  be¬ 
fore-breakfast  chores. 

Aunt  Mary  had  good  old  raised  buck¬ 
wheat  cakes,  sausage,  and  syrup  for 
breakfast.  Bill  and  I  had  been  eating 
all  night,  but  with  no  damage  to  our 
appetites.  Aunt  Mary  insisted  on  our 
washing  our  faces,  even  though  Bill 
and  I  argued  that  since  we  hadn’t  real¬ 
ly  gone  to  bed  we  didn’t  need  to  wash 
our  faces.  Arguments  didn’t  do  any 
good.  “Go  scrub  your  faces  so  your 
mothers  won’t  be  ashamed  of  you,”  or¬ 
dered  Aunt  Mary.  “You  smell  like  a 
couple  of  firemen,  your  faces  are  cov¬ 
ered  with  smudges,  and  you  might 
smooth  down  your  hair  a  little  with¬ 
out  doing  any  harm.” 

We  knew  that  women  were  likely  to 
be  unreasonable  that  way,  and  we  had 
to  sacrifice  something  to  get  those  pan¬ 
cakes  and  sausages,  so  we  obeyed. 

That  day  we  were  a  little  sleepy  in 
school,  but,  Partner,  I  just  wish  I 
could  do  it  all  over  again,  don’t  you? 

(To  be  continued ) 


buy  defense  bonds 

BUY  DEFENSE  SAVING  STAMPS 


American  Agriculturist,  February  28,  1942 


21  (159) 


66 Boss  o/  the  Barnyard” 

( Continued  from  Page  1) 


are  being  developed.  Through  the  use 
of  two  of  Monie’s  sons  at  home  an  ad¬ 
ditional  25  granddaughters  have  been, 
oi-  are  being,  raised  at  home. 

That  Lady  Luck  has  not  always 
smiled  on  Dorothy  and  her  father  is 
proved  by  the  fact  that  when  Dorothy’s 
first  4-H  heifer  was  placed  on  test  she 
produced  only  3244  lbs.  milk  and  171, 
lbs.  fat.  Her  daughter,  in  like  manner, 
produced  3221  lbs.  milk  and  180  lbs. 
fat.  And  so,  in  spite  of  their  success¬ 
ful  show  ring  performances  these  coun¬ 
terfeit  producers  were  immediately 
culled  from  the  herd. 

A  Show  Record 

While  major  emphasis  has  always 
been  placed  on  production,  the  Onder- 
donks  have  an  enviable  show  ring  rec¬ 
ord  to  their  credit.  Only  three  times 
during  her  eligible  years  did  Dorothy 
miss  showing  some  of  her  4-H  animals 
at  the  State  Fair.  On  three  different 
occasions  Dorothy  took  one  or  more 
animals  to  the  National  Dairy  Show. 

In  1938,  Monie  finished  her  show 
ring  career  by  being  first  prize  4-H 
Guernsey  cow.  Frosty’s  Fairy,  grand¬ 
daughter  of  Patty,  Dorothy’s  third 
heifer,  was  reserve  grand  champion  in 
the  open  classes,  and  Fairy’s  daughter 
Fay  was  first  senior  yearling  and 
Champion  4-H  Guernsey.  Dorothy 
was  named  champion  Guernsey  4-H 
Showman.  Fairy  was  taken  to  the  Na¬ 
tional  Dairy  Show  where  she  was 
Champion  4-H  Guernsey.  In  1939  in 
the  open  classes  at  the  State  Fair, 
Dorothy  and  her  father  showed  first 
prize  get  of  sire,  first  produce  of  dam, 
first  dairy  herd,  and  first  D.H.I.A. 
group  of  four  cows.  Frosty’s  Florine, 
granddaughter  of  both  Patty  and 
Monie,  was  first  Senior  yearling  and 
Junior  Champion. 

From  the  beginning  of  their  dairy 
herd  development  in  1925  until  1939, 
the  OnderdonkS  did  not  buy  a  bull. 
They  chose,  rather,  to  breed  their  cows 
by  trucking  them  to  the  best  bulls 
available.  Often  they  were  trucked  as 
far  as  fifteen  miles.  The  wisdom  of 
Mr.  Onderdonk’s  choice  and  use  of  bulls 
is  attested  by  the  fact  that  in  nearly 
12  years  of  testing,  four  bulls  have 
been  successfully  proved.  The  first  of 
these  was  Tarbell  Farms  King  Richard, 
owned  by  Mr.  Onderdonk’s  brother-in- 
law,  Mr.  Frank  Dixon.  Seven  daugh¬ 
ters  were  secured  from  this  bull.  Their 
average  production  was  8979  lbs.  milk 
and  452  lbs.  fat.  Next  was  King  Rich¬ 
ard’s  son,  Dot’s  Rex  of  Elmwood 
Farms.  *  Mated  only  to  grade  cows 
“because  he  had  a  black  nose,”  Rex 
sired  8  daughters  which  averaged  10203 
lbs.  milk  and  523  lbs.  fat. 

Next  sire  to  be  proved  was  Double 
Leader,  owned  by  Mr.  Nathan  Oaks  of 
Oaks  Corners.  Eight  daughters  from 
Double  Leader  averaged  9757  lbs.  milk 
and  482  lbs.  butterfat.  This  bull  also 
sired  Monie’s  first  two  sons.  Monie’s 
Major  and  Monie’s  Leader,  both  of 
which  have  been  so  successfully  used 
at  home  and  in  other  herds. 

All  Daughters  Tested 

Major,  the  older  of  these  two  full 
brothers,  sired  over  thirty  daughters  in 
the  home  herd.  The  first  21  of  these 
have  the  excellent  average  of  10100 
lbs.  milk  and  502  lbs.  butterfat.  ■  In¬ 
cluded  in  this  average  are  all  the  rec¬ 
ords  completed  to  date  by  all  21  of 
his  daughters.  The  dams  of  these  21 
daughters  have  110  records  which  aver¬ 
age  9565  lbs.  milk  and  486  lbs.  fat. 
To  have  increased  such  a  high  average 
is  ample  proof  of  the  remarkable  trans¬ 
mitting  ability  of  Major.  Now,  daugh¬ 
ters  of  Monie’s  Leader  are  coming  into 
production  with  promise  of  proof  that 

BUY  DEFENSE  BONDS 


Leader  is  at  least  the  equal  if  not  the 
superior  of  his  older  brother. 

As  a  result  of  the  use  of  these  good 
bulls,  the  yearly  average  production  per 
cow  has  increased  from  6896  lbs.  milk, 
342  lbs.  butterfat  in  1931  to  as  high 
as  9615  lbs.  milk  and  487  lbs.  butterfat 
in  1939. 

Since  1939,  rather  extensive  sales  of 
producing  cows  have  been  made.  This 
practice  accounts  in  part  for  a  slightly 
decreased  average  production,  the  av¬ 
erage  in  1940-41  being  8963  lbs.  of  milk 
and  453.7  lbs.  of  fat.  In  making  such 
sales  Mr.  Onderdonk  has  consistently 
followed  a  policy  of  not  selling  a  cow 
unless  and  until  he  has  one  or  more 
daughters  from  her,  unless  her  sire 
has  already  been  adequately  proved, 
or  unless  he  does  not  and  never  will 
have  enough  daughters  of  her  sire  to 
prove  him. 

Such  a  policy  produces  a  proved  sire 
record  on  each  sire  based  on  all  his 
daughters — not  just  a  selected  few. 
Continuous  testing  of  all  his  cows  pro¬ 
duces  lifetime  production  data  on  each 
and  every  cow  as  long  as  she  is  in  the 
herd.  Mr.  Onderdonk  feels  that  no 
other  type  of  record  measures  a  cow’s 
actual  performance  as  a  profitable 
dairy  cow. 

Inbreeding  Followed 

To  use  Major  and  Leader  so  exten¬ 
sively  in  the  home  herd  meant  some 
very  close  inbreeding.  Be  it  said  to 
the  credit  of  Mr.  Onderdonk  as  a  breed¬ 
er  that  he  has  been  willing  to  experi¬ 
ment  when  he  was  experimenting  with 


”3Ian  of  the  Month” 

ABRAHAM  LINCOLN 

“Not  by  birth,  not  by  the  sword,  not  by  the 
influence  of  wealth  ;  not  by  intrigue,  not  by 
the  clamour  of  the  mob,  not  even  by  remark¬ 
able  superiority  of  talent,  of  eloquence,  or 
of  learning,  but  by  untiring  energy,  by  un¬ 
swerving  integrity,  by  uncompromising  cour¬ 
age,  by  kindness  of  heart,  by  general  humor, 
by  strong  common  sense,  by  respectable  tal¬ 
ent,  and  by  moderate  eloquence,  has  Abra¬ 
ham  Lincoln  commended  himself  to  his 
countrymen  and  won  himself  a  place  amongst 
the  princes  of  the  earth.” 

. so  went  an  anonymous  tribute, 

written  by  an  Englishman,  following  the 
death  of  Lincoln.  It  reveals  the  true 
greatness  of  the  man  before  the  final  ver¬ 
dict  of  history  had  been  rendered. 

In  my  home  I  have  a  small  print  of  young 
Abe  Lincoln.  In  it  the  lad  is  studying 
by  the  light  of  a  log  fire.  Raising  his 
head  and  looking  into  the  distance  the 
boy  is  reported  to  have  said:  “I’ll  prepare 
myself  now  for  my  chance  when  it  comes.” 
In  our  CAPACITY  CRUSADE  for  1942, 
just  think  of  that  CAPACITY  VISION! 

Lincoln  deserved  his  title  “Honest  Abe.” 
As  a  pioneer  storekeeper  he  walked  six 
miles  to  repay  the  few  cents  he  over¬ 
charged  for  a  pound  of  tea.  HONEST 
CAPACITY. 

He  had  little  patience  with  a  man  who 
failed  to  live  to  CAPACITY.  Of  such  a 
one  he  once  said,  ‘‘He  can  compress  the 
most  words  into  the  smallest  ideas  of  any 
man  I  ever  met.” 

One  of  Lincoln’s  speeches,  which  gave 
him  national  prominence,  was  delivered 
at  Cooper  Institute  in  February,  I860: 


good  breeding  animals.  So  far,  daugh¬ 
ters  of  Major,  out  of  his  own  dam, 
have  conclusively  demonstrated  the 
fact  that  Monie’s  descendants  could  be 
successfully  inbred.  Many  double 
granddaughters  of  both  Monie  and 
Double  Leader  have  been  among 
Major’s  best  daughters. 

Realizing  that  such  close  breeding 
should  not  and  probably  could  not  be 
successfully  pursued  indefinitely,  Tar¬ 
bell  Farms  Royal  Maestro  was  brought 
into  the  herd  in  November  1939. 

Partnership 

The  accomplishments  of  this  com¬ 
paratively  young  herd  would  fill  a  book. 
The  above  story  of  the  development  of 
the  herd  includes  only  a  few  of  the 
more  important  facts  concerning  it. 

During  the  years  of  Dorothy’s  4-H 
club  membership  her  father  supplied 
the  feed  for  her  cattle  and  received  the 
milk  checks.  Premiums  from  exhibit¬ 
ing  at  fairs  accumulated  and  were  used 
to  defray  Dorothy’s  expenses  at  Gene- 
seo  State  Teachers’  College. 

Upon  graduating  from  4-H  work, 
Dorothy  and  her  father  perfected  a 
partnership  arrangement  whereby  he 
would  continue  to  supply  the  feed  for 
the  entire  herd  and  get  the  milk 
checks.  Proceeds  from  the  sale  of  all 
cattle,  regardless  of  registration,  were 
to  be  divided  equally  between  them. 
This  arrangement  is  working  most 
satisfactorily. 

The  year  1942  finds  the  W.  B.  Onder¬ 
donk  family  with  238  acres  of  as  fertile 
soil  as  lies  outdoors;  with  a  completely 
modern,  thoroughly  comfortable  home 
equipped  with  all  the  conveniences  the 
heart  could  desire;  with  a  herd  of  some 
seventy  cattle  that  are  the  envy  of  all 
who  behold  them;  with  a  mode  of  liv- 


Geraniums 

By  Edith  Shaw  Butler. 

Geraniums  remind  me 
Of  blue  willow  dishes 
And  a  red  checked  tablecloth 
To  gratify  my  wishes; 

Of  gingerbread  and  a  cup  of  tea, 
And  a  wood  fire  snapping; 

Of  sunshine  on  a  braided  rug 
And  a  yellow  cat  napping. 

Of  shiny  little  window  panes 
With  ruffled  curtains  showing; 

Of  blue  skies  and  a  warm  wind 
And  clean  clothes  blowing. 

Of  a  low  roof  and  chimney 
With  rising  smoke  above; 
Geraniums  remind  me 
Of  a  little  home  I  love. 


ing  that  makes  them  a  tower  of 
strength  in  their  community;  and  with 
a  vision  and  spirit  that  exemplifies  all 
that  is  high  and  worthwhile  in  Ameri¬ 
can  farmer  folk  today. 

— a.  a. — 

The  Farmer’s  New  York 
State  Income  Tax 

( Continued  from  Page  7) 

State  return  unless  your  gross  income 
was  $5,000,  or  your  net  income  was 
$1,000  if  you  were  single,  or  $2,500  if 
you  were  married.  You  are  also  allow¬ 
ed  a  dependency  credit  of  $400  for  each 
dependent  person  who  is  under  18 
years  of  age  or  who  is  physically  or 
mentally  incapable  of  self-support. 
Returns  are  due  on  or  before  April  15. 


“Let  Us  Have  Faith  that  Right  Makes 
Might,  and  in  that  Faith  let  us,  to  the 
end,  DARE  to  do  our  duty  as  we  under¬ 
stand  it.”  That’s  CAPACITY  FAITH. 

After  this  time  Lincoln’s  political  star 
was  in  the  ascendency.  At  one  point  in 
a  Political  Convention  in  Decatur,  Illinois, 
the  proceedings  halted  and  in  came  John 
Hanks,  carrying  two  rails  from  the  lot 
which  he  and  Lincoln  split  together  in 
1830.  They  bore  a  legend: 

ABRAHAM  LINCOLN 
The  Rail  Candidate 

For  President  in  1860. 

The  Convention  went  wild.  The  name 
and  fame  of  Abraham  Lincoln  were  borne 
aloft  on  rails,  and  he  was  destined  to  go 
down  to  fame  as  “Railsplitter.”  PHYSIC¬ 
AL  CAPACITY. 

But  he  also  had  CAPACITY  HUMILITY. 
While  Commander-in-Chief  during  the 
Civil  War,  President  Lincoln  wrote  to 
General  Grant:  “I  now  wish  to  make  the 
personal  acknowledgment  that  you  are 
right  and  I  was  wrong.” 

*  *  * 

How  this  man  challenges  me !  More 
biographies  have  been  written  of  Lincoln 
than  of  any  other  man.  I  know  of  no 
better  way  for  us  to  develop  our  CAPAC¬ 
ITY  than  by  “doggedly,  definitely,  and 
determinedly”  reading  one  of  these  vol¬ 
umes.  Let  us  at  least  read  this  month 
Lincoln’s  great  Gettysburg  address,  which 
appears  below.  It  was  written  on  a  train 
from  Washington  to  Gettysburg,  on  an 
old  piece  of  brown  wrapping  paper  and 
with  a  pencil !  But  its  quality  is  not  of 
superficial  things — it  is  an  address  which, 
“for  appreciation  and  eloquence,  for 
pathos  and  beauty,  for  sublimity  in  senti¬ 
ment  and  expression,  has  hardly  its  equal 
in  English  or  American  literature.” 

Four  score  and  seven  years  ago  our  Fathers 
brought  forth  on  this  continent  a  new  nation 
conceived  in  liberty  and  dedicated  to  the  proposi-  ' 
tion  that  all  men  are  created  equal. 

Now  we  are  engaged  in  a  great  civil  war 
testing  whether  that  nation  or  any  nation  so 
conceived  and  so  dedicated  can  long  endure.  We 
are  met  on  a  great  battlefield  of  that  war.  We 
have  come  to  dedicate  a  portion  of  that  field 
as  a  final  resting  place  for  those  who  here  gave 
their  lives  that  that  nation  might  live.  It  is  al¬ 
together  fitting  and  proper  that  we  should  do 
this.  But  in  a  larger  sense  we  cannot  dedicate 
— we  cannot  consecrate — we  cannot  hallow  this 
ground.  The  brave  men  living  and  dead  who 
struggled  here  have  consecrated  it  far  above  our 


poor  power  to  add  or  detract.  The  world  will 
little  note  nor  long  remember  what  we  say 
here,  but  it  can  never  forget  what  they  did 
here.  It  is  for  us  the  living  rather  to  be  dedi¬ 
cated  here  to  the  unfinished  work  which  they 
who  fought  here  have  thus  far  so  nobly  advanc¬ 
ed.  It  is  rather  for  us  to  be  here  dedicated 
to  the  great  task  remaining  before  us — that  from 
these  honored  dead  we  take  increased  devotion 
to  that  cause  for  which  they  gave  the  last  full 
measure  of  devotion — that  we  here  highly  re¬ 
solve  that  these  dead  shall  not  have  died  in  vain 
— that  this  Nation  under  God  shall  have  a  new 
birth  of  Freedom — and  that  Government  of  the 
people,  by  the  people,  for  the  people  shall  not 
perish  from  the  earth. 

.  ...  all  these  things,  and  more,  are  a 
part  of  our  CAPACITY  CRUSADE:  hon¬ 
esty,  humility,  sincerity,  simplicity,  genu¬ 
ineness,  devotion  to  duty.  Lincoln  so  ex¬ 
emplified  them  that  he  becomes  not  only 
our  Man-of-the-Month,  but  Man-of-the- 
Ages.  WM.  H.  DANFORTH. 


GEORGE  L.  BROWN, 

Oakland,  Maine. 

Mr.  Brown  who  for  several  years  has  been 
State  Manager  for  American  Agriculturist 
writes : 

“For  nearly  eight  years  I  have  had  the 
privilege  of  representing  the  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  and  offering  its  services  to  the 
people  of  Maine.  It  has  been  a  pleasure  to 
work  for  a  great  organization  bringing  this 
helpful  and  instructive  information  to  the 
folks  of  my  state.” 

There  may  be  an  opening  in  your  locality 
for  another  Field  Service  Man.  If  you 
Would  like  to  have  the  details  write: 

E.  C.  WEATHERBY,  Secretary, 
American  Agriculti^rist, 

Savings  Bank  Building,  IthAca,  N.  Y. 


(160)  22 


American  Agriculturist,  February  28,  1942 


Kernels,  Screenings 
and  Chaff 

By  II.  E.  BABCOCK 


THERE  are  four  facts  which 
every  farmer  who  reads  this 
page  should  keep  in  mind. 

No  Natural  Markets 

The  first  is  that  the  farm  prices 
received  for  northeastern  farm  prod¬ 
ucts  are  not  determined  by  supply 
and  demand  but  by  direct  govern¬ 
ment  action.  The  second  is  that  our 
government  is  definitely  pro-labor. 

Farmers  Unpopular 

The  third  fact  is  that  the  general 
public,  which  next  to  labor  has  the 
most  influence  with  the  government, 
is  very  unfriendly  to  agriculture  and 
is  fighting  food  and  fiber  prices. 
This  unfriendliness  has  been  build¬ 
ing  up  during  the  period  farmers 
have  been  restricting  production, 
securing  cash  subsidies  from  the 
United  States  Treasury  and  endeav¬ 
oring  to  farm  through  power  poli¬ 
tics. 

The  fourth  fact  is  that  most  of 
the  nation  regards  the  agriculture 
of  the  Northeast  as  relatively  un¬ 
important. 

Watch  Expansion 

In  the  period  which  is  ahead,  a 
solvent  going  farm  in  the  Northeast 


« 

— which  is  at  least  partially  sup¬ 
porting  the  people  who  live  on  it 
and  at  least  partially  raising  the 
feed  required  for  its  poultry  and 
livestock — will  be  a  good  deal  bet¬ 
ter  bet  for  the  country  than  a  bank¬ 
rupt  operation  depending  on  ship¬ 
ped  in  supplies,  which  likely  can’t 
be  delivered,  and  on  labor  which 
isn’t  available  because  it  has  gone 
into  the  army  or  into  industry. 

Definitely ,  as  I  see  it,  expansion 
of  dairies ,  poultry  flocks,  and 
crops  which  require  a  lot  of  labor 
is  extremely  hazardous  so  far  as 
the  Northeast  is  concerned  and  is 
not  in  the  public  interest. 

Present  Prices 

Every  poultryman  who  reads  this 
knows  what  happened  to  egg  prices 
during  the  early  part  of  February. 
You  also  know  that  the  cause  was 
the  government’s  withdrawal  from 
the  egg  market.  Fortunately,  the 
fall  in  egg  prices  was  cushioned  by 
the  release  of  government  wheat  at 
a  favorable  price.  The  next  time  the 
government  withdraws  from  the  egg 
market,  however,  there  is  no  guaran¬ 
tee  that  it  will  also  be  able  to  break 
feed  prices.  It  may  just  break  poul- 
trymen  instead. 


FINAL  RETURNS 


The  latter  part  of  January  we 
slaughtered  the  last  four  of  the  0-6 
heifers  that  we  brought  in  from  Texas 
in  November,  1940.  There  were  sixty- 
five  of  these  small  heifer  calves  in  the 
carload.  They  weighed  in  Texas  an 
average  of  252  pounds. 

Because  it  is  natural  to  sort  out  the 
better  animals  and  sell  them  from 
time  to  time,  the  last  four  heifers  kill¬ 
ed  were  certainly  no  better  in  quality 
than  the  average  of  the  lot.  Dressed 
off  in  late  January,  the  carcasses  of 
these  four  heifers  weighed  437,  455, 
457,  and  476.  We  had  no  difficulty  get¬ 
ting  twenty-two  cents  a  pound  for  the 
carcasses,  and  in  addition  we  had  the 
hearts,  livers,  tongues  and  hides. 

Checking  back  on  the  grain  these 
heifers  had  during  the  fifteen  months 
we  owned  them,  I  find  that  it  certain¬ 
ly  did  not  exceed  1800  pounds  apiece. 
In  other  words,  we  grew  them  from  a 
live  weight  in  Texas  of  252  pounds  to 
an  average  dressed  carcass  weight  of 
456%  pounds  fifteen  months  later 
largely  on  good  hay,  grass  ensilage, 
and  pasture. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  .that  the 
carcasses  were  absorbed  by  the  local 
market  and  were  quick  frozen  and 
stored  by  the  people  who  will  eat  them. 
If  the  armament  situation  ever  per¬ 
mits  the  free  manufacturing  of  home 
quick-freeze  boxes  and  the  widespread 
installation  of  freezer  lockers,  I  confi¬ 
dently  predict  that  the  consumption  of 
meat  in  the  Northeast  outside  of  the 
cities  will  easily  double.  ^ 

In  this  connection  I  am  supported  by 
Mrs.  Babcock’s  figures  on  the  use  of 
our  own  home  quick-freezer  and  cold 


storage  box  during  the  year  1941.  Ap¬ 
proximately  ten  people  got  most  of 
their  meat  through  this  box.  None  of 
us  consider  ourselves  heavy  meat  eat¬ 
ers.  Nevertheless,  Mrs.  Babcock  tells 
me  that  we  quick-froze,  stored,  and  us¬ 
ed  out  of  the  boxes  in  1941  two  good- 
sized  beeves,  two  muttons,  seven  lambs, 
three  pigs,  and  thirty-six  chickens.  In 
addition,  the  box  was  used  to  quick 
freeze  and  hold  in  storage  considerable 
quantities  of  fruits  and  vegetables, 
eggs,  dairy  spread,  and  ice  cream  pur¬ 
chased  in  quantities. 

Poultry  Flock 

With  egg  production  so  plentiful 
that  the  federal  government  withdrew 
from  the  market,  we  have  thought  it 
a  good  time  to  square  our  poultry 
operation  around  and  adopt  it  to  what 
is  ahead. 

Our  first  move  was  to  sell  all  our 
hens  which  were  over  a  year  old.  These 
were  all  Leghorns  and  they  brought  us 
19%  cents  a  pound.  Our  next  move 
was  to  lay  in  a  thousand  baby  chicks, 
out  of  which  we  should  raise  between 
four  and  five  hundred  pullets  to  go 
into  the  laying  house  before  the  first 
of  August. 

This  year  these  will  be  all  the  chicks 
we  shall  buy.  Ordinarily  we  would  buy 
between  three  and  four  thousand.  The 
uncertainty  of  our  farm  labor  supply, 
however,  and  the  fact  that  we  feel 
that  it  is  important  to  raise  as  much 
food  for  our  birds  ourselves  as  we 
can,  rather  than  depend  on  shipped-in 
feed,  make  it  seem  wise  to  cut  down  on 
the  birds  we  will  raise  this  year. 

We  have  already  experimented 


enough  with  feeding  whole  grain,  a 
highly  concentrated  mash,  and  our  own 
alfalfa  hay  to  continue  with  this  war¬ 
time  economical  method  of  feeding. 

Hay  for  Wheat 

When  Henry  Wallace  was  Secretary 
of  Agriculture  and  put  forth  the  idea 
of  the  ever-normal  granary,  it  seemed 
to  me  that  an  ever-normal  hay  mow 
was  more  sensible  for  the  Northeast. 
This  week,  however,  we  are  switching 
our  hay  mow  into  a  granary. 

We  are  baling  between  fifty  and  six¬ 
ty  tons  of  hay,  selling  it,  and  putting 
part  of  the  money  into  half  a  carload 
of  government  wheat.  The  wheat  we 
intend  to  use  for  all  of  our  livestock, 
as  well  as  for  our  poultry.  At  the 
price  at  which  the  government  has  re¬ 
leased  it,  it  looks  to  me  like  a  good 
move  to  stock  up  on  wheat  while  it 
is  available.  The  hay  we  are  selling 
can  be  replaced  out  of  next  summer’s 
crop. 

Creep  Feed  for  Pigs 

With  between  forty  and  fifty  little 
pigs  on  hand  and  some  more  to  come, 
the  problem  of  keeping  them  growing 
every  day  is  an  important  one.  Here  is 
how  we  are  attempting  to  do  it  at 
Larchmont  Farm,  following  the  advice 
of  Professor  John  Willman  of  Cornell. 
We  have  built  creep  pens  for  the  pigs 
and  in  these  pens  we  have  placed  low¬ 


sided  troughs  in  three-fifths  of  which 
we  are  keeping  shelled  com,  in  one- 
fifth  a  fifty-fifty  proportion  of  meat 
scrap  and  linseed  oil  meal,  and  in  the 
remaining  fifth  nice  green,  chopped, 
second-cutting  clover  hay.  Also,  in 
each  creep  pen  is  a  supply  of  fresh 
drinking  water. 

We  are  allowing  the  pigs  access  to 
the  creep  as  soon  as  they  will  leave  the 
sows.  This  spring  when  the  pigs  are 
weaned,  we  are  going  to  fatten  and 
sell  all  of  the  old  sows.  To  replace  them 
we  have  picked  seven  nice  gilts  from 
last  fall’s  pigs.  Our  only  hard  luck 
with  pigs  so  far  this  winter  has  been 
with  one  sow  which  had  fourteen  pigs 
and  did  not  come  to  her  milk,  so  that 
the  pigs  all  died.  I  am  inclined  to  think 
that  this  sow  may  have  been  overfed. 
The  loss  of  her  litter  hurts  and  will 
cut  down  on  our  average  litter  size. 

Nurse  Cows 

In  an  endeavor  to  cut  down  on  labor 
in  raising  the  twenty  or  so  pure-bred 
Guernsey  calves  which  we  try  to  rear 
for  sale  each  year,  I  am  going  to  sub¬ 
stitute  nurse  cows  for  hand  feeding. 
While  it  seems  to  take  but  a  few  mo¬ 
ments  each  day  to  feed  calves,  still  it 
is  just  one  more  thing  to  do,  and  I 
have  an  idea  that  a  nurse  cow  which 
will  take  care  of  three  or  four  calves 
will  raise  a  better  calf  than  we  can 
by  hand  feeding  and  do  it  at  a  very 
considerable  saving  in  labor  cost. 


9  < 

DOWN  MEXICO  WAY 

By  II.  E.  Babcock,  Jr. 


February  12,  1942. 

As  is  the  habit  with  farmers  when 
spring  comes  around,  we  are  going 
ahead  with  plans  to  raise  another  crop, 
despite  the  uncertain  outlook.  By  the 
end  of  next  week  we  hope  to  have 
forty-seven  acres  of  oats  drilled.  Plow¬ 
ing  of  this  field  will  be  complete  this 
weekend.  Tfie  main  emphasis  on  the 
tractor  and  plow  will  then  be  to  plow 
as  many  acres  per  day  as  possible  of 
the  450  acres  which  must  be  plowed  be¬ 
fore  April  25. 

In  our  fitting  operations  we  are  us¬ 
ing  only  one  of  our  other  two  tractors 
this  year.  By  starting  this  early  and 
allowing  ourselves  plenty  of  time,  we 
will  be  able  to  use  four  and  six  horse 
hitches  on  a  good  many  tillage  opera¬ 
tions.  This  is  being  done  both  as  an 
economic  measure  to  save  tires  and 
gas,  and  to  accustom  ourselves  to  the 
time,  which  may  or  may  not  arrive, 
when  we  will  have  to  use  horses  al¬ 
most  exclusively. 

Ewes 

It  now  looks  as  if  we  would  have  a 
carload  of  spring  lambs  and  cull  ewes 
ready  for  market  about  the  last  week 
in  March  or  in  time  for  the  lambs  to 
hit  the  Easter  market.  These  will  be 
ewes  and  their  lambs  from  our  farm 
flock.  Later,  perhaps  by  the  middle  of 
May,  the  old  ewes  which  were  bought 
last  fall  will  be  ready  with  their  lambs 
to  go  to  market. 

With  the  shortage  of  feed  and  the 
relatively  good  sheep  market  at  this 
time,  it  looks  now  as  if  I  would  take 
this  time  to  go  out  of  the  sheep  busi¬ 
ness.  The  ewes  have  always  been  a 
fairly  self-supporting  part  of  the  farm 
operation,  even  though  they  may  have 
not  paid.  They  have  proved  invaluable 
at  times  for  their  part  in  cleaning  up 
weeds  and  fields.  They  are  also  an 
operation  which  I  like.  But  I  can  see 
no  better  time  to  clean  out  completely. 
At  a  later  time,  I  know  not  when,  I 
hope  to  set  up  a  really  good  farm  flock. 

Hogs 

The  hog  operation  has  recently  out¬ 
grown  the  grain  crop  to  an  extent  that 
it  does  not  now  seem  probable  that  we 
will  have  enough  grain  to  carry  us 
through  the  summer.  For  this  reason, 
and  to  cut  down  labor  this  summer,  I 


am  selling  all  of  my  sows.  With  the 
forty  sows  out  of  the  way,  we  will 
then  have  about  200  feeder  pigs  left  in 
the  hog  herd.  In  June,  from  the  most 
desirable  of  the  gilts,  will  be  picked 
twenty  to  be  bred  and  established  as  a 
new  sow  herd. 

A  hay  wire  shortage  has  already  de¬ 
veloped  and  since  it  is  quite  possible 
that  we  will  be  short  of  both  wire  and 
labor  for  the  baler,  some  of  our  hay 
acreage  will  be  set  aside  as  pasture 
for  hogs.  Emphasis  will  also  be  placed 
on  carrying  through  what  feeder  hogs 
we  havp  on  a  minimum  of  feed  and  a 
maximum  of  pasture  until  the  new 
grain  crop  is  ready  to  be  threshed  and 
fed.  This  may  mean  that  we  will  own 
a  few  pigs  longer  than  we  would  if 
we  had  plenty  of  feed.  It  may  mean 
also  that  if  the  right  price  is  offered  all 
of  the  feeder*  hogs  may  be  sold,  rather 
than  be  carried  through  the  summer. 

Labor 

All  of  the  boys  on  the  farm  are  now 
settled  into  warm  and  livable  houses 
of  which  they  both  are,  and  can  be, 
proud.  More  money  than  was  perhaps 
advisable  was  spent  this  past  fall  and 
winter  in  fixing  their  houses  to  equal 
or  better  any  farm-help  houses  in  the 
valley.  The  boys  apparently  appreciate 
this. 

An  army  air  base  is  under  construc¬ 
tion  here.  The  papers  daily  print  stor¬ 
ies  of  carpenters  and  other  craftsmen 
asking  for  raises  in  pay.  Their  rates 
per  hour  now  nearly  equal  the  daily 
wage  which  my  boys  are  getting.  These 
facts  may  cause  my  boys  to  demand 
higher  wages,  but  for  the  most  part,  I 
don’t  believe  that  this  will  be  so. 

At  the  present  time,  when  no  new 
cars  or  tires  may  be  bought,  I  see  on¬ 
ly  the  following  requirements  for  farm 
labor:  A  comfortable  home,  decent 
working  hours,  and  a  living  wage.  I 
interpret  “living  wage”  to  mean  that 
amount  of  money  necessary  to  buy 
good  food  and  good  clothing  without 
going  in  debt.  The  lack  of  a  need  for 
union  scale  wages  has  been  brought 
back  home  to  the  boys  on  the  farm  by 
two  men  who  have  earned  union  wages 
as  a  carpenter  and  a  stone  mason. 
Disgusted  with  union  ways  and  wages, 
they  have  come  back  to  the  farm  as 
the  best  place  to  work  and  live. 


American  Agriculturist,  February  28,  1942 


23  (161) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 

ctt.  Jl.  Codiine 


Was  He  Negligent? 

My  car  was  parked  on  the  street.  Two 
other  cars  were  involved  in  an  accident, 
and  one  of  them  hit  my  car,  doing  about 
$50.00  worth  of  damage, 
hit  me  was  insured  but  the  insurance 
company  will  not  settle,  claiming  that  the 
driver  of  the  other  car  was  responsible 
for  the  accident. 

Apparently  there  is  doubt  in  this 
case  as  to  who  actually  was  negligent. 
The  usual  insurance  on  cars  covers 
damages  resulting  from  an  accident 
due  to  the  negligence  of  the  driver.  If 
you  will  get  sworn  affidavits  from  any 
witnesses  of  the  accident  indicating 
that  the  driver  of  the  car  that  did  the 
damage  was  negligent,  we  wall  for¬ 
ward  them  to  the  insurance  company. 
If  the  other  driver  was  negligent,  you 
should  make  claim  against  his  insur¬ 
ance  company,  even  though  his  car  did 
not  actually  hit  yours. 

This  accident  illustrates  the  impor¬ 
tance  of  calling  a  policeman  or  State 
Trooper  whose  investigation  should  go 
a  long  way  in  determining  actual  re¬ 
sponsibility.  If  both  drivers  were  neg¬ 
ligent,  it  is  possible  that  both  insur¬ 
ance  companies  will  refuse  to  settle. 
Then  the  only  way  to  force  settlement 
is  to  sue  the  man  you  consider  re¬ 
sponsible.  If  you  win  the  case,  the  in¬ 
surance  company  must  settle. 

*  *  * 

Editor’s  Note:  The  accident  referred 
to  above  occurred  in  New  York  State 
before  January  1,  1942.  On  that  date, 
a  new  law  went  into  effect  requiring 
that  all  accidents  causing  personal  in¬ 
jury  or  property  damages  of  over  $25.00 
be  reported  to  the  police.  Drivers  of 
the  cars  involved  must  show  financial 
responsibility,  even  though  the  acci¬ 
dent  may  not  have  been  caused  by  their 
negligence.  As  a  result,  the  number  of 
New  York  State  cars  covered  by  in¬ 
surance  has  increased  by  leaps  and 
bounds,  and  from  now  on  there  should 
be  less  trouble  from  the  driver  who 
says,  “Sure,  I  was  to  blame,  but  I  am 
not  insured  and  do  not  own  any  prop¬ 
erty.  What  are  you  going  to  do  about 
it?” 

— A.  A. — 

Investigate  First 

Farm  boys  and  girls,  as  well  as  older 
men  and  women,  are  continuously  be¬ 
ing  solicited  to  train  for  defense  jobs. 
Of  course  there  is  a  real  need  for  train¬ 
ed  workers,  but  before  you  sign  up  for 
a  trade  or  vocational  course  in  any 


Ready  Money  When 
You  Need  It  Most 

New  “Double  Duty ”  accident 
and  sickness  policy  pays  .  .  .  . 

$1,000  for  loss  of  life  in  any  insurable 
accident. 

$25.00  per  week  for  10  weeks  on  stated 
accidents  and  sickness  including  pneu¬ 
monia,  appendicitis,  cancer  and  other 
common  illnesses. 

$25.00  a  week  for  4  weeks  in  hospital — 
any  accident. 

$25.00  doctor’s  bills — any  accident. 

Men  and  women  ages  16  to  70  accepted 
without  medical  examination.  Benefits 
reduced  %  after  60.  Yearly  cost  $12.00. 

North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co. 

APPRECIATION  DEP’T.,  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 

Send  me  more  information  about  this  new  policy. 
NAME _ 

P.  0.  _ 

STATE _ _ R.D _ 


resident  or  home  study  school,  take 
time  to  investigate  the  claims  made  by 
the  school.  Unfortunately  many 
schools  now  seeking  enrollments  among 
have  little  of  merit  to 
commend  them.  During  1941  more 
than  twenty  schools  in  the  vicinity  of 
Los  Angeles  offering  mechanical,  sheet 
metal  and  other  courses  allied  to  the 
aviation  field,  have  been  closed  be¬ 
cause  their  graduates  were  not  em¬ 
ployable. 

Before  enrolling  consult  your  local 
high  school  principal,  or  secure  a  re¬ 
port  on  the  school  in  question  from  the 
American  Agriculturist  Service  Bu¬ 
reau  or  the  National  Home  Study 
Council,  Washington,  D.  C. 

— a.  a. — 

Not  Taxable 

I  am  making  out  my  income  tax  re¬ 
port.  I  am  a  widow  and  am  receiving 
life  insurance  from  a  policy  taken  out 
by  my  husband.  I  did  not  get  a  lump 
sum,  but  the  amount  is  paid  to  me  by 
the  month.  Do  I  have  to  report  this  as 
income? 

The  income  tax  law  states  that 
money  received  on  life  insurance  poli¬ 
cies  as  a  result  of  the  death  of  the  in¬ 
sured  is  not  taxable  whether  paid  in 
a  lump  sum  or  on  a  monthly  basis.  The 
law  contains  regulations  requiring  the 
payment  of  tax  on  sums  received  from 
endowment  policies. 

— a.  a. — 

Connecticut  Dealer  Fined 

The  Growers’  Outlet  through  its  man¬ 
ager,  Nathan  Malkin  of  State  Street, 
New  Haven,  Conn.,  was  fined  $10.00 
and  costs  by  Judge  John  A.  Maresca 
in  New  Haven  City  Court  on  January 
22  for  misrepresentation  of  the  quality 
of  food. 

The  defendant  was  charged  with  ad¬ 
vertising  “Fancy”  turkeys  when  in  fact 
they  were  of  inferior  quality,  a  viola¬ 
tion  of  Chapter  254,  Public  Acts  of 
1933.  Frank  C.  Minnix  was  prosecutor 
and  Isadore  Chaplan  representing  Mal¬ 
kin,  pleaded  nolo  contendere. 

Malkin  was  arrested  on  December 
30  after  agents  of  the  State  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  made  complaints 
to  Assistant  Attorney  M.  Edward 
Klebanoff.  The  agents  were  Director 
of  Markets  Benj.  P.  Storrs  and  Lloyd 
Williams. 

The  law  provides  that  any  products 
for  which  grades  have  been  establish¬ 
ed  shall  not  be  advertised  or  sold  un¬ 
der  the  grade  name  unless  they  meet 
all  grade  requirements.  In  this  case 
the  inspectors  claimed  that  even  after 
repeated  warnings  the  Growers’  Outlet 
continued  to  advertise  and  sell  as 
“Fancy”,  turkeys  that  would  not  meet 
the  grade. — W.  E.  P. 

— a.  a.  — 

No  Job  Guaranteed 

My  daughter  has  completed  a  cor¬ 
respondence  course.  The  agent  told  her 
that  the  money  would  be  refunded  if  she 
didn't  get  a  job.  She  has  had  no  notifica¬ 
tion  from  the  school  about  Civil  Service 
examinations  which  she  can  take.  I  think 
the  school  should  refund  her  money. 

We  have  never  found  any  corres¬ 
pondence  school  that  gives  an  unquali¬ 
fied  guarantee  that  a  job  will  be  se¬ 
cured.  Some  guarantee  that  the  money 
will  be  refunded  if  the  student  takes 
a  Civil  Service  examination  and  fails 
to  pass  it. 

Those  who  take  correspondence 
courses  should  understand  that  passing 
a  Civil  Service  examination  is  no  sure 
guarantee  of  a  job.  Those  who  pass  are 
put  on  the  eligible  list,  and  when  more 
Civil  Service  help  is  needed,  the  names 
are  taken  from  that  list.  It  is  quite 
possible,  however,  that  even  though 
your  daughter  passes  an  examination, 
she  may  never  be  appointed. 


The  car  which  rural  people 


Painted  Post 
New  York 


Gentlemen: 

We  were  lawfully  driving  on  our  own  side  of  , 
the  highway,  proceeding  to  our  home  in  Painted  Post, 
New  York,  when  a  collision  occurred  by  reason  of  an 
approaching  automobile  coming  over  on  our  side  of 
the  highway. 

We  are  mailing  you  a  picture  of  the  wrecked 
car.  You  will  readily  see  that  the  force  of  the 
collision  was  great  and  as  a  result  of  the  collision 
we  each  sustained  serious  and  permanent  injuries. 

We  were  confined  to  the  hospital  for  many,  many 
weeks  and  our  doctor  bills  and  medical  expenses  were 
high. 


Fortunately,  hov/ever,  we  each  had  a  policy 
of  insurance  issued  by  the  North  American  Accident 
Insurance  Company.  The  policies  were  very  lov;  cost 
and  easily  within  our  reach,  and  to  receive,  as  we 
are  now  receiving  and  acknowledging,  the  payment  of 
$130.00  each,  disability  allowed  under  the  travel 
policy,  is  indeed  most  encouraging  and  helpful  to  us. 

We  state  that’ we  experienced  no  difficulty 
with  the  handling  and  disposition  of  our  claims  and 
it  is  a  pleasure  to  recommend  to  others  your  travel 
policy. 


Sincerely  yours. 


ZJL 


T 


Fit  for  the 
junkyard  is 
the  Reynold's 
car  after  the 
accident  in 
which  Mr.  and 
Mrs.Reynolds 
were  severely 
injured. 


CClattn  ffo_R-A2i756, 


N.Y. 


GHjerk  No, 


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Bonrn  2119  &o.  Ha  ©all?  &trrrt 

dljtnign 

L— 1241 _ 19  


Not  Valid  uni***  Releaaa  on 
Back  u  Signed  by 
Claimant 


{lag  lo 

fijf  orilrr  nf  Ruth  D.  Reynolds 


fins  hundred  thirty  and  OO/lOO 

PAYABLE  THROUGH 

THE  NORTHERN  TRUST  CO. 
Chicago.  III.  2-15 


r - - 

%fr5prnf_Ciair  r  D 
^hundred 

/  two  _ 

firings 


-$13.0.0.0 


BolUra 


Claim  Examiner. 


-petobe 


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'Ball 


Bra 


lq  Un 


ExeimJ 


NORTH  AMERICAN 
ACCIDENT  INSURANCE  CO. 

Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


Where  Can  Farmers  Find 


.  .  in  the  promises  of  their  enemies?  r  .  . 

*  .  .  in  the  help  of  government?  •  .  • 

.  .  .  No! 

.  .  .  in  the  united  strength  of 

YES! 

their  own  organizations?  . 

*■ 

ARM  lives,  liberties  and  fortunes  are  in  danger  today  as  never  before.  American  ships  sinking  off 
" <T  our  Atlantic  coast  .  .  .  American  island  possessions  lost  to  an  invader  in  the  Pacific  .  .  .  American 
Stockpiles  of  essential  materials  growing  smaller  every  day  .  .  .  all  warn  us  how  close  to  disaster  we  have 
come. 

And  it  has  been  disunity  •  •  •  divided  counsel  •  •  •  bitter  quarrels 
among  ourselves  •  •  •  stubborn  pride  of  personal  opinion  •  •  •  and 
reckless  political  obstinacy  that  have  brought  us  to  where  we  are. 

Today  we  know  we  were  wrong.  Today  we  know  that  the  greatest  defense  of  America  is  Americans^ 
Today  we  know  that  it  is  wiser  by  far  to  trust  in  the  good  intentions  of  our  own  kind  .  .  .  and  to  give 
Americans  all  the  weapons  and  defenses  we  can  provide  .  .  .  than  to  place  one  jot  of  faith  in  the  worthless 
treaties,  the  lying  words,  the  cynical  honor  of  our  opponents. 


We  Farmers  Face  a  Similar  Danger 

Here  in  the  milkshed,  too,  we  farmers  have  done  too  much  quarreling  among  ourselves  .  .  .  have 
placed  too  little  faith  in  our  own  kind  .  .  .  and  have  tried  harder  to  smear  fellow  farmers  than  to  smash 


our  common  enemies. 


We  too  have  been  told  that  we  should  distrust  the  intentions  of  our  own  kind  and  leadership,  and  that 
we  should  rely  only  on  the  fair-weather  promises  of  those  who  oppose  us  and  are  alien  to  our  way  of  life. 

Some  of  us  have  put  too  much  faith  in  the  imposing  show  of  govern¬ 
mental  power,  just  as  too  much  faith  was  put  in  the  defenses  at 
Pearl  Harbor.  But  those  things  can  help  us  only  if  we  are  awake  to 
our  danger  and  organized  to  defend  ourselves. 

So  today  we  too  should  realize  that  dairy  farmers  are  the  strong¬ 
est  defense  of  dairy  farmers  .  .  .  that  only  dairy  farm  organizations 
led  by  real  dairy  farmers  are  constantly  thinking,  planning  and 
fighting  for  the  interests  of  farmers.  Only  they  have  no  other  mas¬ 
ters,  no  other  end  in  view.  They  are  our  real  friends,  our  greatest 
security  in  peace  and  war.  Let  us  join  them.  Let  us  help  them  to  win 
our  fight. 


MARCH  14,  1942 


THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


lAJe  Mu&t  Not  £.&ie! 


ARM  PEOPLE  are  irritated.  Many 
of  them  are  so  thoroughly  mad  that 
any  talk  about  increasing  food  pro¬ 
duction  makes  them  see  red. 

Farmers  have  plenty  of  reason  for 
feeling  upset.  Labor  is  the  shortest  in  th 
tory  of  agriculture.  New  equipment 
barn  and  field  work  is  difficult  or  impossible 
to  obtain,  and  daily  there  is  some  new  shor¬ 
tage  in  things  that  the  farmer  has  to  have  to 
do  his  work.  On  top  of  these  irritations,  gov¬ 
ernment  officials  are  constantly  emphasizing 
the  high  price  which  farmers  are  now 
ing  for  their  products,  even  to  the  extent  o 
giving  the  consumer  the  impression  that  th 
farmer  is  profiteering.  At  the  same  time, 
these  officials  say  nothing  about  increased 
costs  of  production,  nor  do  they  call  atten¬ 
tion  to  the  fact  that  many  farmers  have  little 
to  sell  now,  and  that  prices  have  gone  up 
since  they  disposed  of  last  year’s 
crops. 

Business  men,  too,  are  irritated. 

With  the  exception  of  those  engag¬ 
ed  in  the  actual  production  of  war 
materials,  thousands  of  business 
men  face  ruin.  Thousands  of  man¬ 
ufacturers,  wholesalers,  and  distrib¬ 
utors  are  having  their  businesses 
completely  upset  because  of  the 
war-time  rules  and  regulations. 

Many  of  these  regulations  both 
in  agriculture  and  business  are 
necessary.  Many  of  them  could  be 
avoided  by  more  efficient  govern¬ 
ment  management. 

Another  matter  of  worry  and  an¬ 
ger  to  most  American  citizens  is 
government  babying  of  organized 
labor  barons,  and  government’s  in¬ 
sistence  on  continued  spending  of 
billions  of  dollars  for  non-essential 
and  non-war  activities,  like  social 
security.  One  farmer  wrote  me  that 
this  lodked  to  him  like  fiddling 
while  Rome  burned.  And  that  farm¬ 
er  is  right! 

Still  another  matter  of  deep  con¬ 
cern  to  both  business  men  and 
farmers  is  the  apparent  criminal 
carelessness  of  those  in  charge  of 
war  activities,  as  exemplified  by 
what  happened  at  Pearl  Harbor 
and  by  the  loss  of  the  “Normandie.” 

But  after  looking  all  of  this  mis- 


EASTMAN 


E 


n 


erica 


If 
ed, 
War. 
who 


the 


the  waij^ttfrted.  Alreadj^the  people  of  Eng¬ 
land  have  forced  and  are  continuing  to  force 
drastic  changes  in  their  leadership.  Already 
we  are  making  some  progress  in  larger  pro¬ 


management  and  irritation  in  the 


duction  of  armaments,  and  in  getting  a  train¬ 
ed  army  together. 

We  face  the  bitter  possibility  of  losing  this 


war.  If  you  don’t  believe  it  is  a  possibility, 

you  are  not  keeping  up  with  current  events. 
Once  the  United  Nations  lose  Java — and  that 
may  happen  before  you  read  this — the  Japs 
will  have  the  foothold  and  the  supplies  to 
on  for  bitter  years  ahead,  even  if  they 
’t  win  in  the  end. 

man,  thoroughly  peeved  by  what  is 
happening  in  the  farm  business,  said  in  my 
presence  recently: 

“Let  Hitler  come.  Things  can’t  be  much 


worse  than  they  are  now!”  Men  who  think  or 


say  that  are  either  traitors  or  fools. 


They  are  either  secretly  supporting  our 
enemies,  or  else  they  don’t  know  anything 
about  history,  and  certainly  know 
nothing  of  conditions  in  the  con¬ 
quered  countries  of  Europe  today. 
Don’t  let  anybody  fool  himself. 
Should  Hitler  or  the  Japs  win,  the 


situation  that  we  are  living  in  now, 


with  all  of  its  irritations,  would  seem 


like  Heaven.  We  would  look  back 

with  sadness  and  regret,  and  call 
these  days  “the  good  old  times.” 

What  do  you  think  the  loyal  citi¬ 
zen  of  France  is  thinking  today  as 
he  contrasts  his  own  and  his  coun¬ 
trymen’s  bitter  lot  with  all  the 
privileges  he  had  before  the  inva¬ 
sion?  Yet  the  invasion  was  pdssible 
not  because  of  Hitler’s  might,  but 
because  France  was  divided  against 
itself,  and  because  Frenchmen  were 
quarrelling  among  themselves  over 
what  seemed  to  be  important  things 
to  them  then,  but  which  they  know 
now  were  not  important  at  all  com¬ 
pared  to  the  catastrophe  which  has 
overtaken  them. 

Look  the  situation  squarely  in  the 
face  and  consider  the  concrete  diffi¬ 
culties  we  would  have  in  America 
if  the  Axis  should  win.  We  don’t 
have  to  theorize  ( Turn  to  Page  27) 

<•  A  typical  American  community  —  the 
homes  where  we  live,  the  farms  and  busi¬ 
ness  places  where  we  work,  the  schools 
for  our  children,  the  churches  where  we 
worship  God.  No  sacrifice  is  too  great  ffl>r 
their  preservation. 


IN  THIS  ISSUE  WHAT  TO  PLANT  IN  THE  GARDEN,  Pages  5  and  15;  PASTURE  AND  MEADOW  SEED  MIXTURES, 
— Pages  6  and  11;  TREATING  SEED  POTATOES,  Page  8;  MILK  ORDER  CHANGES,  Page  10;  MASTITIS 
CONTROL  HINTS,  Page  12;  TOUGHENING  HORSES,  Page  21;  COW  PRICES,  Page  22;  SAVE  ON  MEAT,  Page  24. 


MARCH  1  4  ,  1942 


The  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative 
is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


Wheat  Situation 

i  ^  -  \ 

*  _  _  _  _ 

An  Up-to-Date  Report  to  Patrons  by  G.L.F. 


$43.00 _ 


$41.00 _ , 


$39.00  __ 


$37.00  — 


$35.00  — 


$33.00 _ 


NOV.  |  DEC.  |  JAN.  |  FEB.  | 

Approximate  wholesale  costs,  bulk  basis,  Rochester- Syracuse  rate  zone. 


The  government’s  action  in  releasing  three  million  tons  of  wheat 
from  the  ever-normal  granary  for  feeding  purposes  has  not  only 
given  poult  rymen  and  dairymen  a  cheap  source  of  feed  but  has 
checked  the  rise  in  price  of  other  feedstuffs.  The  more  farmers  use 
this  wheat,  the  more  they  will  save — both  on  the  wheat  itself  and  on 
the  other  feeds  they  must  buy. 

Facts  about  government  wheat: 

QUALITY  It  is  hard,  red  western  wheat.  Reports  received  to  date 
indicate  that  it  is  generally  of  excellent  feeding  quality,  with  good, 
full  kernels  and  little  foreign  matter. 

PRICES  Depending  on  freight  rates,  prices  vary  from  about  $33.50  to 
$35.00  per  ton.  Price  at  Syracuse,  bulk  basis,  cash-off-car,  is' $33.62. 

USES  As  scratch  grain  or  as  part  of  the  mash  mixture  for  poultry. 
Mixed  with  a  concentrate  or  with  other  ingredients  for  dairy  cows. 
Principal  use  should  be  to  fill  up  the  bins  with  cheap  feed  so  you  will 
have  less  high-priced  feed  to  buy  later  on.  Ground  wheat  with  a  mineral 
supplement  will  make  a  good  but  cheap  feed  for  young  stock  on  pasture 
next  summer. 


SUPPLY  Large  quantities  have  been  bought  by  G.L.F.  and  by  com¬ 
mercial  firms  in  this  area.  It  is  now  coming  in  at  the  rate  of  15  to  20 
cars  a  day.  Even  if  Congress  should  forbid  the  Department  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  to  continue  the  sale  of  wheat  at  low  prices,  the  wheat  already 
bought  will  continue  to  roll  in,  and  will  constitute,  while  it  lasts,  an 
ever-normal  granary  for  G.L.F.  patrons. 

At  least  a  quarter  of  a  million  tons  should  be  taken  by  farmers  in 
G.L.F.  territory — a  ton  per  farm.  Only  a  small  fraction  of  this  amount 
has  been  taken  so  far.  A  big  stock  of  low-priced  wheat  in  this  territory 
will  give  Northeastern  farmers — 

1.  Protection  against  a  scarcity  of  feed  arising  from  transportation 

tie-ups. 

2.  A  bargaining  weapon  against  rising  feed  costs. 

In  a  letter  to  G.L.F.  patrons  last  week,  General  Manager  J.  A.  Mc¬ 
Connell  said,  “Even  though  this  wheat  program  may  cause  the  G.L.F. 
feed  mills  to  stand  idle  for  a  day  now  and  then  because  of  lack  of  de¬ 
mand  for  mixed  feeds,  I  still  believe  that  farmers  should  continue  to 
buy  this  wheat.  As  farmers,  at  times  we  should  be  willing  to  run  our 
cooperatives  at  a  loss,  if  by  so  doing  we  can  make  big  net  savings  in 
our  feed  purchases.” 


Bags 

AN  EMPTY  BAG  FOR  A  FULL  ONE 

New  burlap  bags  for  feed  are 
virtually  unobtainable.  Cotton  and 
paper  are  good  substitutes,  but 
neither  of  them  can  be  supplied  at 
present  in  the  quantities  needed. 
This  means  that  most  of  the  feed 
shipped  into  G.L.F.  territory  for 


some  time  to  come  will  have  to  be 
carried  in  bags  that  have  already 
made  one  or  more  trips  from  mill 
to  farm. 

G.L.F.  Service  Agencies  are  now 
asking  patrons  to  bring  back  an 
empty  bag  for  every  full  bag  of 
feed  they  take  home.  Your  coopera¬ 
tion  in  this  will  help  maintain  an 
efficient  service  on  bagged  feed. 
Unless  bags  come  back,  bulk  feed 
shipments  will  be  necessary. 


Beans 

NO  MORE  TIN  FOR  PORK  &  BEANS 

The  government  in  a  recent  order 
has  forbidden  further  use  of  tin  in 
the  packing  of  Pork  &  Beans.  This 
order  classified  Pork  &  Beans  as 
something  which  doesn’t  have  to 
be  packed  in  tin  cans. 

G.L.F.  canning  factories  have 


packed  all  of  this  product  that  they 
will  be  able  to  until  after  the  war 
is  over.  Several  thousand  cases  will 
be  available  to  patrons  through 
Service  Agencies.  When  all  advance 
orders  are  filled  and  the  remaining 
stocks  sold,  patrons  will  have  to  go 
back  to  the  old  custom  of  baking 
their  own  beans  for  the  duration. 
Tin  cans  will  continue  to  be  avail¬ 
able  for  most  other  items. 


J 


COOPERATIVE  G.L.F.  EXCHANGE,  INC 


ITHACA,  N.  Y. 


Ai  xerican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


3  (165) 


YOU,  YOUR  FARM  and  THE  WAR 


DEFERMENT  OF 
FARM  LABOR 

I  have  written  to  several  northeast¬ 
ern  governors  lately  calling  attention 
to  the  farm  labor  situation  and  the 
necessity  of  deferring  farm  boys  in  or¬ 
der  to  raise  enough  food  to  carry  on 
the  war.  American  Agriculturist  has 
received  numerous  letters  from  farm¬ 
ers,  many  of  which  are  actually  pathe¬ 
tic,  showing  that  farmers  left  without 
help  are  either  forced  to  work  beyond 
their  strength  or  when  ill,  or  sell  their 
farms,  or  at  least  greatly  cut  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  food.  With  a  poor  crop  year, 
which  we  could  easily  have,  we  could 
have  a  shortage  of  food  which  would 
be  extremely  serious. 

On  the  other  hand,  farm  boys,  with 
their  knowledge  of  mechanics,  can 
very  quickly  be  made  into  the  best 
soldiers.  Many  army  officers  don’t 
know  or  realize  the  food  situation. 
They  think  anybody  can  grow  crops, 
and  there  is  no  question  that  if  we  are 
to  win  this  war,  the  United  States  has 
got  to  have  more  trained  soldiers,  and 
have  them  quickly.  Farther  than  this, 
many  farm  boys  feel  that  there  is  a 
sort -of  disgrace  in  not  enlisting  or  in 
trying  to  be  deferred  at  a  time  when 
the  country  so  badly  needs  soldiers  and 
sailors. 

Here  are  some  suggestions  if  your 
boy  or  hired  man  is  drafted  or  likely 
to  be: 

1.  Be  absolutely  sure  that  you  can¬ 
not  get  along  without  him.  Sentiment 
should  not  enter  into  the  case.  Am¬ 
erica  must  have  millions  of  fighting  men. 

2.  If  you  must  keep  him  to  help 
carry  on  the  farm,  try  to  get  it  into  his 
head  that  his  work  on  the  farm  is  just 
as  important  to  the  country  as  his 
service  in  the  Army  or  Navy  would 
be,  and  more  so  perhaps  than  it  is  in 
industry. 

3.  Talk  the  matter  over  with  your 
local  draft  board.  These  men  are  do¬ 
ing  a  good  job  for  the  country,  and 
most  of  them  are  broadminded. 

4.  If  your  boy  is  actually  drafted 
and  the  board  won’t  defer  him,  appeal 
the  case  to  the  appeal  board.  Your 
local  board  will  tell  you  how  to  do  it. 

5.  Talk  the  matter  over  with  your 
county  agricultural  agent.  His  help 
may  be  needed  to  prove  to  the  draft 
board  that  your  boy  should  stay  on  the 
farm  at  least  temporarily.— E.  R.  E. 

—a.  a. — 

War  Action  Committees 
in  Massachusetts 

More  than  300  Rural  War  Action 
Town  Committees  are  being  organized 
in  Massachusetts  under  a  plan  an¬ 
nounced  by  Willard  A.  Munson,  direc¬ 
tor  of  the  state  extension  service. 
Each  committee  will  have  four  big  jobs 
to  do:  First,  to  encourage  and  assist 
rural,  people  in  maintaining  agricul¬ 
tural  production  to  meet  war  needs; 
second,  to  help  maintain  maximum 
health  through  proper  nutrition;  third, 
to  assist  rural  people  to  maintain  and 
build  morale  in  the  stress  and  strain 
of  war;  and  fourth,  to  make  plans  for 
post-war  adjustment  and  rehabilitation. 

Six  or  more  committee  members  will 
serve  on  each  Rural  War  Action  com¬ 
mittee.  These  members  will  include 
representatives  of  agricultural  exten¬ 
sion  work,  home  demonstration  exten¬ 
sion  work,  4-H  club  work,  the  com¬ 
munity  Agricultural  Conservation  Com¬ 
mittee,  a  vocational  agricultural  in¬ 
structor,  a  public  health  or  community 
nurse,  a  representative  of  the  town 
government,  a  representative  of  the 
local  civilian  defense  organization,  and 
any  other  members  who  will  aid  the 
committee  to  carry  out  its  functions. 
The  committee  will  divide  the  rural 


areas  of  the  town  into  neighborhoods 
and  appoint  a  “Minuteman”  who  will 
be  responsible  for  working  with  15  or 
20  families  in  the  neighborhood.  The 
men  and  women  who  will  serve  as 
Minutemen  will  be  the  connecting  link 
between  the  Rural  War  Action  com¬ 
mittee  and  the  individual  farm  family. 

The  lack  of  tires  and  automobiles 
and  the  scarcity  of  labor  are  making 
it  increasingly  difficult  for  rural  peo¬ 
ple  to  attend  meetings.  The  Rural  War 
Action  committee  and  the  Minutemen 
will  become  a  very  important  means 
of  keeping  rural  families  informed  of 
developments  affecting  them. — Walter 
Piper. 

—  a.  a. — 

What  Will  You  Do  When 
The  Tires  Are  Gone? 

Many  people  are  conserving  their 
cars,  tires,  and  gas.  Thousands  of  oth¬ 
ers  are  paying  no  attention  to  a  real 
problem.  There  rre  many,  of  course, 
who  must  use  their  cars  on  business 
every  day.  Even  here  there  is  often 
opportunity  to  cooperate  with  neigh¬ 
bors  in  doubling  up,  and  there  are  few 
of  us  who  cannot  make  two  trips  to 
take  the  place  of  three  if  we  really  try. 
Many  of  us  can  do  more  walking.  I 
am,  and  I’m  enjoying  it.  I  had  almost 
forgotten  I  had  legs. 

Make  no  mistake  about  it:  our 
enemies  have  the  rubber  supplies,  or 
else  the  supplies  have  been  destroyed, 
and  the  car  factories  are  now  making 
munitions  of  war.  When  your  car  and 
tires  are  gone,  there  just  won’t  be  any 
more  perhaps  for  a  long  time. 

—a.  a. — 

SAVE  THAT  PAINT  BRUSH 

Painters  take  care  of  their  brushes, 
but  too  often  the  man  who  has  a  little 
painting  to  do  now  and  then  ruins  a 
good  paint  brush  by  neglect.  New 
paint  brushes  are  likely  to  be  so  scarce 
that  at  least  one  paint  company  is 
thinking  of  renting  paint  brushes  rath¬ 
er  than  selling  them  outright.  We 
hear  that  attempts  are  being  made  to 
develop  a  synthetic  bristle  suitable  for 
paint  brushes.  If  scientists  are  suc¬ 
cessful,  the  situation  will  be  relieved. 

Where  you  use  linseed  oil  paint  and 
stop  the  job  temporarily,  keep  the 
brush  in  raw  linseed  oil.  Standing  a 
brush  in  oil  damages  it  because  it 
warps  the  bristles,  and  when  it  is  used 
again  the  flow  of  paint  will  be  uneven. 


Hang  the  brush  in  the  oil. 

Another  way  to  keep  a  paint  brush 
in  good  condition  is  to  wash  it  thor¬ 
oughly  in  turpentine  until  the  paint 
pigment  is  all  removed;  then  wash  it 
in  soap  and  water,  allow  it  to  dry, 
wrap  the  bristles  in  newspaper,  and 
hang  it  up. 

You  will  find  paint  brush  cleaners 
(liquid)  on  the  market,  but  many 
painters  use  paint  remover  to  soften 
old  paint  in  brushes.  The  important 
point  here  is  not  to  leave  them  too 
long.  When  the  paint  is  softened,  clean 
them;  then  wash  the  brushes  thorough¬ 
ly  in  turpentine. 

Brushes  that  are  used  for  varnishing 
should  be  washed  out  in  turpentine 
after  the  job  is  finished.  Brushes  used 
in  shellacing  can  be  cleaned  with 
denatured  alcohol. 

If  you  need  a  paint  brush  and  are 
successful  in  buying  one,  take  care  of 
it.  If  you  cannot  get  a  new  one,  but 
have  some  old  ones,  put  them  in  the 
best  possible  shape  by  following  the 
suggestions  above. 

— a.  a. — 

GROW  GRAIN 

It  is  difficult  to  change  the  public’s 
philosophy  about  feed  supplies.  For 
years  we  have,,  read  and  heard  about 
surpluses.  Now  as  a  result  of  the  war 
we  are  slowly  beginning  to  think  in 
terms  of  shortages. 

The  past  five  years  have  been  un¬ 
usually  good  crop  producing  years  for 
the  country  as  a  whole.  For  the  prx  s- 
ent  feeding  season  we  had  stocks  of 
feed  grains  totalling  128  million  tons 
which  is  20%  more  than  the  average 
during  the  years  1928-32. 

We  can  scarcely  expect  to  continue 
to  have  weather  every  year  that  will 
continue  to  give  crops  above  average. 
Farmers  have  been  increasing  livestock 
numbers  and  they  are  feeding  more 
than  the  average  amounts  of  grain. 
For  this  reason  it  is  estimated  that 
15%  more  feed  than  average  will  be 
used  in  the  present  feeding  season. 
This  will  mean  that  more  grain  will 
be  fed  than  was  produced  last  year, 
and  next  fall  we  may  logically  expect 
that  feed  stocks  will  be  lower  than 
they  were  last  fall. 

If  we  should  have  one  or  two  poor 
crop  years,  it  will  be  necessary  by 
1943  to  reduce  livestock  numbers  or 
to  feed  them  less  liberally.  The  con¬ 
clusions  reached  by  the  Department  of 
Agricultural  Economics  and  Farm 
Management  at  the  New  York  State 
College  of  Agriculture  are  that  farm¬ 
ers  should  grow  as  much  feed  as  they 
possibly  can.  They  recommend  that 


Leon  Watson  of  Durham,  New  Hampshire,  loads  up  the  family  car  for  a  daylight 
start  on  his  four-day-a-week  milk  and  egg  delivery  route  in  nearby  Dover.  This 
former  shipyard  foreman  who  came  back  to  the  home  farm  19  years  ago  makes 
efficiency  his  watchword.  He  runs  a  14-cow  dairy,  a  600-bird  poultry  flock,  a  250-tree 
orchard,  and  a  45-stop  delivery  route  without  help  except  in  hay  and  apple  harvest. 

As  farm  help  becomes  more  scarce,  saving  steps  becomes  more  important! 


FQByiCTORY 


BUY 

UNITED 

STATES 

DEFENSE 

BONDS 

STAMPS 


the  A. A. A.  should  release  all  restric¬ 
tions  from  agricultural  production  and 
should  use  present  appropriations  to 
stimulate  production  rather  than  cur¬ 
tail  it. 

— a.  a. — 

SCRAP  IRON  PRICE 

The  price  you  quoted  for  scrap  iron  in 
the  February  14  issue  is  too  high.  A  lot  of 
the  scrap  on  farms  has  to  be  broken  up, 
and  a  junk  dealer  can  afford  to  pay  about 
$11.00  or  $12.00  for  it.  Some  farmers  are 
holding  onto  it,  hoping  to  get  a  higher 
price. — A  Junk  Dealer. 

.  The  important  thing  is  to  get  this 
scrap  iron  moving  toward  the  steel 
mills.  Several  farmers  have  stated  that, 
if  necessary,  they  would  be  willing  to 
give  it  away,  but  they  see  no  reason 
why  they  should  give  it  to  a  buyer. 
That  is  a  sound  attitude;  but  probably 
under  present  conditions,  a  farmer  can¬ 
not  expect  more  than  $11.00  or  $12.00 
a  ton  for  his  scrap  iron. 

— a.  a. — 

RUMORS  FLOURISH 

In  Orange  County,  N.  Y.,  the  question 
has  come  up  whether  or  not  the  son  of 
an  onion  farmer  can  seek  deferment  from 
the  Army.  Some  argue  that  the  onion  is 
a  luxury,  and  that,  therefore,  these  boys 
should  be  drafted  immediately  in  the 
Army. 

This  is  an  excellent  example  of  the 
way  rumors  spread.  Farming  is  farm¬ 
ing,  and  onions  are  quite  as  good  for 
food  as  other  products.  Certainly  a  man 
engaged  in  growing  onions  is  quite  as 
entitled  to  seek  deferment  as  are  farm¬ 
ers  growing  other  crops. 

• 

—  A.  A.  — 

Small  Tools —  Any  factory  that 
can  make  a  fork  or  a  hoe  can  make 
a  bayonet.  That  is  ample  reason  for 
taking  unusual  care  of  your  small  tools 
and  buying  only  what  you  need  (if  you 
can  get  them.)  Small  tool  handles  are 
made  of  ash.  The  supply  of  well-cured 
ash  is  short,  as  much  of  it  has  been 
sent  to  England.  Besides  that,  our 
Army  is  using  a  tremendous  number 
of  shovels,  spades  and  forks — the  same 
tools  that  are  needed  on  a  farm. 

The  heavier  fibres  in  barn  brooms 
have  been  imported  from  India,  China 
and  Africa.  Supplies  are  no  longer 
available,  and  it  is  going  to  be  neces¬ 
sary  to  figure  out  some  other  mater¬ 
ial  for  heavy  brooms. 

— a.  a. — 

Transportation —  The  railroads 
have  been  doing  a  wonderful  job,  but 
there  is  a  first-class  possibility  that 
transportation  facilities  will  be  short. 
That  means  ordering  supplies  well  in 
advance.  This  is  why  farmers  have 
been  advised  not  only  to  order  their 
fertilizer  and  other  supplies  early,  but 
to  get  them  stored  right  on  the  farm 
where  they  will  be  needed. 

Already  commercial  truckmen  are 
losing  interest  in  accepting  the  less 
desirable  and  less  profitable  loads.  They 
are  so  much  in  demand  that  they  can 
pick  and  choose  the  kind  of  business 
they  will  take. 


(166)  4 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


B  V  E .  R.  E  A  S  TANA  N 


Milk  Marketing  Amendments  Not 
Satisfactory 

HE  FEDERAL  Department  of  Agriculture 
has  announced  its  decisions  on  the  propos¬ 
ed  amendments  to  the  Federal-State  milk  mar¬ 
keting  Order  for  the  New  York  milk  shed.  See 
Page  10  for  explanation. 

With  some  minor  exceptions,  the  government 
recommendations  will  be  highly  unsatisfactory 
to  dairymen.  Under  the  circumstances,  how¬ 
ever,  there  is  probably  nothing  to  do  but  vote 
for  the  amendments  again,  because  the  good 
points  of  the  Order  as  a  whole  probably  out¬ 
balance  its  poor  points.  But  we  are  getting  close 
to  the  border  line. 

Sooner  or  later  there  must  be  better  considera¬ 
tion  by  government  officials  who  determine  and 
administer  milk  policies  for  this  milk  shed,  or 
dairymen  must  throw  this  marketing  agreement 
overboard.  It  is  highly  unsatisfactory  to  spend 
time  and  effort  to  present  the  dairymen’s  side 
of  this  milk  marketing  problem  at  the  public 
hearings,  only  to  have  final  decisions  which  re¬ 
flect  the  consumer  and  political  points  of  view 
with  too  little  consideration  for  producers’ 
problems. 

Non-Essential  Government  Spending 
Must  Stop 

THOUSANDS  of  farmers  as  well  as  other 
business  men  are  now  going  through  the 
throes  of  paying  Federal  income  tax  on  top  of 
the  already  heavy  burden  of  real  estate  and 
other  taxes. 

So  far  as  this  money  is  used  wisely  and  effi¬ 
ciently  to  win  the  war,  none  of  us  will  begrudge 
a  cent  of  it.  But  we  do  begrudge  the  continua¬ 
tion  of  high  government  spending,  the  billions 
of  dollars  still  being  spent  by  the  government 
for  non-essentials.  Senator  Harry  F.  Byrd,  as 
Chairman  of  the  Joint  Committee  on  Reduction 
of  Non-Essential  Federal  Expenditures,  and  his 
committee  are  to  be  highly  commended  for  their 
commonsense  and  courage  in  the  recommenda¬ 
tion  of  annual  Federal  budgetary  savings  of 
nearly  two  billion  dollars. 

Senator  Byrd  would  abolish  the  Civilian  Con¬ 
servation  Corps,  better  known  as  the  CCC,  the 
Farm  Security  Administration,  the  Farm  Ten¬ 
ant  Purchase  Program,  and  the  peace  time  ac¬ 
tivities  of  the  National  Youth  Administration. 
He  would  greatly  reduce  other  subsidies  to 
agriculture,  the  money  for  the  Works  Project 
Administration  (WPA),  and  he  recommends 
that  even  needed  public  works  should  be  gen¬ 
erally  deferred  for  the  duration. 

The  Brookings  Institution,  a  research  organiz¬ 
ation,  goes  even  further  in  recommending  fur¬ 
ther  reductions  in  government  spending,  includ¬ 
ing  the  reduction  of  over  a  half  million  dollars 
for  public  welfare  (Relief). 

So  far  as  subsidies  for  the  farmer  are  concern¬ 
ed,  these  have  always  been  unfairly  administer¬ 
ed,  the  Northeast  receiving  only  a  small  frac¬ 
tion  of  what  farmers  in  the  West  and  South 
have  had.  And  so  far  as  all  farmers  are  concern¬ 
ed,  they  would  be  infinitely  better  off  if  the  gov¬ 
ernment  would  stop  giving  them  cash  handouts 
and  bragging  about  it,  and  stop  tinkering  with 
farm  prices. 

Appropriations  for  costly  social  schemes  are 
going  merrily  on,  showing  the  influence  of  pow¬ 
ers  both  within  and  without  the  government 
which  seem  more  interested  in  social  reform 


than  in  winning  the  war.  The  following  is  typi¬ 
cal  of  the  statements  that  continue  to  come  out 
of  Washington: 

“Following  the  writing  of  a  general  revenue  bill, 
the  House  Ways  and  Means  Committee  is  expected 
to  deal  with  social  security  taxes.  In  order  to  raise 
two  billion  dollars  additional,  it  is  expected  that  the 
existing  rates  will  be  considerably  raised,  and  more 
persons  will  be  made  eligible  for  the  benefits  of  the 
system.’’ 

Stuff  like  that  makes  the  average  citizen  tax¬ 
payer  see  red.  It  was  bad  enough  to  have  to 
stand  for  this  reckless,  foolish  spending  before 
the  war.  We  won’t  stand  for  it  much  longer. 

Look  Before  You  Leap 

EWSPAPERS  report  that  the  United 
Mine  Workers,  an  affiliate  of  the  C.I.O., 
are  planning  completely  to  organize  American 
agricultdre,  starting  with  dairymen.  According 
to  reports,  farm  districts  will  soon  be  flooded 
with  high  powered  organizers  who  know  noth¬ 
ing  about  farming  but  who  are  long  experienced 
in  high  pressure  methods  of  organizing  city 
labor. 

The  farmer  will  be  promised  the  sky,  and 
nothing  will  be  demanded  of  him  in  return  — 
FOR  A  TIME.  These  trained  organizers,  who 
know  nothing  of  milk  marketing,  will  promise 
costs  of  production  plus  a  profit,  for  all  the 

milk  the  farmer  can  produce.  There  will  be 

no  need  of  more  than  one  class  of  milk,  because 
the  labor  union  will  promise  Class  I  prices  for 
every  drop.  Dairymen  will  not  be  required,  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  reports,  to  pay  a  cent  at  first. 
All  they  have  to  do  is  to  sign  the  agreement 
and  accept  the  Union  card. 

Then  the  story  is  that  after  a  sufficient  num¬ 
ber  have  signed,  the  union  will  clamp  down 
with  a  closed  shop,  and  all  other  dairymen  will 
have  to  join  —  or  else.  Then  the  pay-off  on 
the  farmer’s  part  will  come  in  earnest,  for  be¬ 
fore  he  ever  sees  his  check,  union  dues  will  be 
deducted.  Because  it  is  planned,  according  to 
reports,  to  sign  up  every  dairyman,  no  matter 

where  or  how  he  sells  his  milk,  these  Union 
dues  will  be  enormous  and  will  run  into  mil¬ 
lions  of  dollars.  All  of  that  money  will  come 
out  of  farmers,  and  that  is  the  chief  reason,  no 
doubt,  why  the  city  labor  barons  are  so  inter¬ 
ested. 

Of  course,  with  the  organization  of  dairymen 
will  come  the  sign-up  of  all  other  men  having 
anything  to  do  with  handling  the  product,  every 
plant  and  other  employees  in  city  and  country, 
every  hired  man,  and  no  one  can  be  fired  or 
hired  without  the  permission  of  the  labor  dic¬ 
tators. 

Some  of  these  promises  make  good  listening 
to  farmers  who  have  struggled  with  low  prices, 
surpluses,  and  other  production  and  marketing 
problems  for  a  lifetime.  But  any  dairyman 
needs  only  to  think  over  these  promises  for  a 
moment  to  realize  their  absurdity.  If  every 
dairyman  gets  Class  I  price  for  all  of  his  milk, 
how  long  do  you  think  it  would  be  before  every 
market  would  be  flooded?  As  a  matter  of  fact, 
the  New  York  City  Board  of  Health  says  there 
is  too  much  Class  I  milk  available  for  the  mar¬ 
ket  right  now. 

On  the  matter  of  costs  of  production  plus  a 
profit,  there  are  only  two  ways  by  which  farm¬ 
ers  can  get  bigger  milk  prices.  One  is  by  more 


Address  all  mall  for  Editorial  or  Advertlo. 

Ing  departments  to  American  Agriculturist, 

Savings  Bank  Building,  Ithaca,  New  York. 

/ 

efficient  marketing  methods  so  that  the  spread 
between  the  producer’s  and  the  consumer’s  price 
could  be  lowered.  Some  savings  can  undoubt¬ 
edly  be  made  here,  but  they  will  be  small. 
What  many  don’t  realize  is  that  the  chief  reason 
for  the  large  spread  between  producer’s  and 
consumer’s  price  is  high  wages.  Labor  unions 

have  opposed  suggested  improvements  in  city 
distribution  time  and  again  because  of  protect¬ 
ing  short  hours  and  wages  of  employees.  Just 
yesterday  I  was  told  of  a  labor  union  man  who 
was  fined  $25  by  his  union  because  he  worked 
too  fast! 

The  other  way  to  put  up  prices  to  dairymen 
is  to  raise  the  retail  price  of  milk.  Can  any 
farmer  imagine  a  labor  union  with  most  of  its 
membership  in  the  cities  advocating  high  retail 
prices  for  anything?  How  long  would  the  union 
last  if  it  did  this?  At  this  writing  the  C.I.O. 
is  fighting  a  raise  in  retail  milk  prices  in  the 
city  of  Washington.  But  if  the  union  did  put 
retail  prices  where  they  would  have  to  be  to 
give  the  farmer  Class  I  prices  for  all  of  his  milk, 
then  consumers  would  boycott  it,  just  as  they 
have  within  a  year  in  the  cities  of  Cortland 
and  Syracuse. 

But  the  most  dangerous  result  of  all,  should 
this  reported  plan  to  organize  farmers  go 
through,  would  be  the  complete  domination  of 
agriculture  by  city  labor  dictators.  After  a 
sufficient  number  have  joined,  it  will  be  too  late 
to  get  out  when  you  find  that  the  golden  prom¬ 
ises  do  not  come  through.  You  will  then  be 
told  what  to  do  and  like  it  —  or  else! 

If  that  is  what  the  American  farmer  wants, 
then  he  is  not  the  man  I  grew  up  with  and  have 
always  known. 

This  Spring  anil  Garden  Issue 

RIGHT  at  the  last  moment  this  Spring  as 
farmers  start  the  biggest  food  production 
campaign  in  history,  they  will  be  faced  with 
hundreds  of  questions,  answers  to  which  will 
decide  the  success  or  failure  of  their  crops.  The 
right  answers  to  most  of  these  questions  are  in 
this  March  14th  issue,  our  great  Spring  and 
Garden  number.  The  editors  of  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  have  spent  weeks  in  assembling  and 
rewriting  this  material  in  articles  which  you  can 
read  in  a  few  minutes.  Careful  reading  of  this 
issue  and  of  the  one  to  follow  will  save  you  extra 
labor  and  losses  during  the  coming  months. 

Eastman’s  Chestnut 

TWO  HUNTERS  were  walking  across  a  pas¬ 
ture  lot  when  they  were  chased  by  a  bull. 
One  of  them,  by  dropping  his  gun  and  sprinting, 
reached  a  tree  just  in  time  to  pull  himself  up 
out  of  danger.  The  other,  unable  to  get  to  the 
tree,  dropped  his  gun  and  jumped  into  a  deep 
hole. 

The  bull  skirted  the  hole,  and  stopped  to  paw 
the  ground  and  bellow.  Immediately,  the  man 
in  the  hole  popped  out,  whereupon  the  bull  turn¬ 
ed,  charged,  and  just  missed  him  again  as  he 
dropped  back  into  the  hole.  This  performance 
was  repeated  two  or  three  times  until  finally 
the  man  up  in  the  tree  yelled : 

“You  darn  fool,  stay  in  the  hole.  You’ll  get 
that  bull  so  mad  we’ll  have  to  stay  here  all  the 
afternoon.” 

“Stay  in  that  hole,  my  eye!”  gasped  the  other 
hunter.  “There’s  a  bear  in  there!” 


AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  Constructive  and  Progressiva  Since  1842.  Volume  139.  No.  6.  Published  every  other  Saturday  at  10  North  Cherry  St..  Poughkeepsie.  N.  Y.— Editorial  and 

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of  March  6,  1879  —  Frank  E.  Gannett,  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors;  E.  R.  Eastman,  president  and  editor;  Hugh  L.  Cosline,  associate  editor;  Fred  W.  Ohm.  production  manager;  Mrs.  Grace  Watkins  Huckett,  household 
editor;  Al  Coleman,  art  editor;  Contributing  editors:  L.  B.  Skeffington.  Jared  Van  Wagenen.  Jr.,  Ed.  Mitchell,  Paul  Work.  L.  E.  Weaver,  J.  C.  Huttar;  I.  W.  Ingalls,  advertising  manager;  E.  C.  Weatherby.  secretary  ana 
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Ai  erican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


5  (167) 


Seeds  for  the  Vegetable  Garden 


Make  Your  Selections  from  This  Chart  Now,  and  Keep  It  Handy  for  Reference 


VEGETABLE  gardeners  will  look  a 
long  time  before  Tiey  will  find 
anything  as  helpful  as  the  variety 
chart  printed  below.  If  you  use  it,  it 
will  save  you  dollars,  and  bring  you 
satisfaction,  in  a  productive  garden. 

The  chart  was  designed  by  the 
New  York  State  College  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  as  a  contribution  to  the  Victory 
Garden  program,  and  we  acknowledge 
with  thanks  their  permission  to  use  it. 
While  the  chart  was  designed  for  New 
York,  it  will  be  equally  helpful  any¬ 
where  in  the  Northeast. 

The  crops  listed  in  the  upper  half 
of  the  table  are  easiest  to  grow  and 
are  most  valuable  from  a  food  stand¬ 
point.  The  amounts  recommended 
will  plant  a  garden  of  between  14  and 
y2  acre  and  supply  a  family  of  from 
four  to  ten  persons.  The  crops  in  the 
bottom  half  of  the  chart  need  special 
climatic  or  cultural  conditions  or,  as  in 
the  case  of  asparagus,  take  more  than 
one  season  to  produce  a  crop.  They 
are  not  recommended  for  the  amateur 
gardener. 

Crops  shown  in  capital  letters  are 


recommended  especially  for  the  small 
village  or  suburban  gardens.  The 
vegetables  in  italics  are  adapted  to 
small  gardens  where  climate  and  soil 
are  favorable. 

The  suggested  varieties  do  not,  of 
course,  include  all  of  the  good  ones. 
If  you  have  had  success  with  other 
varieties,  you  will  want  to  use  them. 

If  you  have  not  already  done  so, 
order  your  seeds  now.  Plan  yoUr  gar¬ 
den  carefully  before  planting  and  ar¬ 
range  for  the  best  vegetable  garden 
in  your  experience.  This  is  war  time 
and  food  is  at  a  premium. 

The  growing  of  the  best  garden  you 
have  ever  had  will  depend  on  several 
things,  in  addition  to  the  selection  of 
good  varieties. 

1.  Provide  plenty  of  fertility.  If 
barnyard  manure  is  available,  put  on 
a  heavy  application  (8  or  10  loads  to 
the  acre),  using  well-rotted  manure 
if  it  is  available.  Superphosphated 
manure  is  preferred. 

2.  Do  not  skimp  on  commercial  fer¬ 
tilizer.  Any  good  grade  of  fertilizer 
used  on  farm  crops  will  be  acceptable. 


3.  Prepare  the  soil  thoroughly  be¬ 
fore  seeds  are  planted.  Where  late 
season  crops  are  to  be  grown,  harrow 
once  a  week  or  after  every  rain  to 
kill  germinating  weed  seeds. 

4.  Keep  weeds  controlled.  Once 
they  get  a  start  on  you,  you  are  in  for 
a  bad  time. 

5.  Do  not  sow  seed  too  Jiickly,  and 
thin  out  the  plants  as  soon  as  they 
get  a  start. 

— a.  a. — 

TEST  GERMINATION 

We  have  some  garden  seeds  left  over 
from  last  year.  In  view  of  the  shortages 
in  some  vegetable  seeds,  would  it  be  ad¬ 
visable  to  plant  this  old  seed? 

The  seeds  of  parsnips  are  short-lived, 
and  we  would  not  recommend  planting 
them.  The  seed  of  onions  and  sweet 
corn  and  most  other  crops  should  give 
good  germination  if  they  are  not  over 
a  year  old.  Tomato  and  celery  seed  will 
usually  give  good  germination  for  sev¬ 
eral  years. 

The  first  thing  to  do  is  to  test  the 
seed  for  germination.  You  will  have  to 


- - —  -  -  - - ,  ..  — 

In  order  to  give  gardeners 
the  information  on  this  page 
when  it  is  needed,  “Growing 
Up  in  the  Horse  and  Buggy 
Days”  has  been  omitted  this 
time.  The  next  installment 
will  be  run  in  an  early  issue. 

_ _ J 

exercise  some  care,  however,  to  get 
an  accurate  test.  To  germinate  seeds, 
you  need  moisture,  warmth  and  air. 
One  way  to  test  them  is  to  plant  from 
fifty  to  a  hundred  seeds  from  each  lot 
in  a  row  in  a  small  tray  of  soil  or  sand. 
It  isn’t  necessary  to  have  them  near 
the  light,  but  it  is  necessary  to  see 
that  they  do  not  get  too  cold  and  that 
they  do  not  dry  out.  In  view  of  the 
situation  this  year,  we  would  plant  any 
lot  of  seed  that  showed  50%  germina¬ 
tion  or  better.  Plant  seed  a  little  thick¬ 
er,  though  using  too  much  seed  is  more 
common  than  using  too  little. 


CROP 

VARIETIES 

Quantity  of  Seed 
to  buy 

Approximate 
feet  of  row 
this  will  plant 

Time  to  plant 
( see  below) 

Days  before 
ready  to  use 

First  Choice 

Second  Choice 

Third  Choice 

BEANS,  GREEN  SNAP 

T  endergreen 

Stringless  Green  Pod 

Bountiful 

1  pound 

200 

3  and  4 

40  to  65 

BEANS,  YELLOW  SNAP 

Pencil  Pod 

Kidney  Wax 

Sure  Crop 

^2  pound 

100 

3  and  4 

40  to  65 

BEETS 

Detroit  Dark  Red 

Crosby  or  Early  Wonder 

2  ounces 

100 

1  and  4 

40  to  80 

BROCCOLI 

Italian  Green  Sprouting 

1  packet 

100  to  200 

1 

90  to  120 

CABBAGE 

Copenhagen  Market 

Glory 

Danish 

1  packet 

100  to  200 

1  and  4 

80  to  120 

CARROTS 

Danvers 

Red  Core  Chantenay 

Imperator 

V  ounce 

200  to  300 

1  and  4 

65  to  80 

CHARD 

Lucullus 

1  packet 

50 

1 

50  to  60 

Corn,  early  sweet 

Spancross  413 

Seneca  60 

North  Star 

2  ounces 

100 

*3 

65  to  70 

Corn,  midseason  sweet 

Marcross  13-6 

Northern  Cross 

Seneca  Golden 

2  ounces 

100 

3 

70  to  80 

Corn,  late  sweet 

Golden  Cross 

Vi  pound 

400 

3  and  4 

80  to  90 

Cucumbers 

A  and  C 

Straight  8 

Early  Fortune 

1  ounce 

100 

3 

60  to  90 

KOHLRABI 

Early  White  Vienna 

1  packet 

25  to  50 

1  and  4 

50  to  70 

LETTUCE 

Simpson 

Prizehead 

Grand  Rapids 

1  packet 

50  to  100 

1  and  4 

50  to  90 

ONION  SETS 

Ebenezer 

Yellow  Globe 

2  pounds 

100 

1 

30  to  100 

PARSLEY 

Moss  Curled  , 

1  packet 

15 

1 

65  to  100 

PARSNIPS 

Model 

Hollow  Crown 

1  packet 

50 

2 

125  to  160 

Peas,  early 

World  Record 

Early  Gradus 

Little  Marvel 

1  pound 

100 

1 

50  to  60 

Peas,  midseason 

Midseason  Giant 

Gilbo 

Morse  Market 

1  pound 

100 

1 

60  to  70 

Peas,  late 

Stratagem 

Dwarf  Alderman 

1  pound 

100 

1 

70  to  80 

RADISHES 

Early  Scarlet  Globe 

1  ounce 

75 

1  and  4 

25  to  40 

SPINACH 

Long  Standing  Bloomsdale 

King  of  Denmark 

Summer  Savoy 

1  ounce 

100 

1  and  4 

40  to  60 

Squash,  summer 

Straightneck 

Yankee  Hybrid 

1  packet 

25 

3 

60  to  80 

Squash,  winter 

Delicious 

Any  Hubbard 

Buttercup 

Vi  ounce 

50 

3 

120  to  150 

Squash,  winter 

Table  Queen 

1  packet 

25 

3 

70  to  90 

TOMATOES 

John  Baer 

Bonny  Best  *  , 

Pritchard 

1  packet 

200 

3 

100  to  150 

TURNIPS 

Purple  lop  White  Globe 

1  packet 

50 

5 

45  to  70 

Asparagus 

Mary  Washington 

50  to  75  plants 

75  to  100 

1  or  2 

2  to  3  years 

Beans,  bush  lima 

Fordhook 

Henderson 

Vi  pound 

100 

3 

70  to  90 

Beans,  pole  lima 

Leviathan 

/2  pound 

50  to  75 

3 

80  to  120 

Brussels  sprouts 

Long  Island  Improved 

1  packet 

100 

2 

100  to  120 

Cauliflower 

Super  Snowball 

Improved  Erfurt 

1  packet 

50 

2  and  4 

100  to  140 

Celery 

Summer  Pascal 

Salt  Lake 

Golden  Self  Blanching 

1  packet 

100 

2 

120  to  150 

Chinese  cabbage 

Chihili 

.  1  packet 

50 

5 

75  to  90 

Eggplant 

New  Hampshire  Hybrid 

Black  Beauty 

New  York  Improved 

1  packet 

25  to  50 

3 

120  to  160 

£ naive 

Green  Curled 

White  Curled 

1  packet 

25  to  50 

2  and  4 

60  to  90 

Kale 

Dwarf  Green  Curled 

1  packet 

25  to  50 

5 

60  to  90 

Lettuce,  head 

Imperial  44 

1  packet 

25  to  50 

1  and  4 

60  to  90 

Muskmelons 

Delicious 

Bender 

Pride  of  Wisconsin 

1  packet 

50  to  75 

3 

100  to  150 

New  Zealand  spinach 

1  packet 

25  to  50 

2 

60  to  100 

Peppers 

Early  California  Wonder 

King  of  the  North 

Windsor  A 

1  packet 

25  to  50 

3 

120  to  150 

Pumpkins 

Winter  Luxury 

New  England  Pie 

1  packet 

25  to  50 

3 

75  to  120 

Rhubarb 

Linnaeus  or  Strawberry 

Victoria 

MacDonald 

10  plants 

25 

2 

Rutabagas 

Long  Island  Improved 

American  Purple  Top 

Macomber 

1  packet 

50  to  100 

5 

90  to  100 

falsify 

Mammoth  Sandwich  Island 

1  packet 

50 

2 

140  to  160 

Watermelons 

Honey  Cream 

Early  Kansas 

Early  Arizona 

1  packet 

50 

3 

100  to  140 

TIME  TO 

P  early  as  soon  M  frost  is  out  of  ground  and  soil  is  dry  enough  to  work. 

After  clanger  of  severe  freezes  is  past,  usually  a  week  or  ten  days  later  than  for  crops 
marked  1. 

3:  After  all  danger  of  frost  is  past. 


PLANT 

4:  Second  and  later  plantings  desirable  to  spread  supply  over  longer  season  or  provide 
for  winter  storage. 

5:  Best  planted  during  the  month  of  July. 


(168) 


6 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


BETTER 

PASTURE  is  the  cheapest  feed.  A 
good  pasture  may  produce  as  much 
as  two  tons  of  dry  matter  to  the  acre, 
with  a  protein  content  of  25%,  which 
is  a  good  balanced  ration  with  a  very 
high  protein  content.  What  is  more, 
the  cows  harvest  it  themselves  and 
save  labor.  Here  are  some  up-to-the- 
minute  suggestions  for  improving  pas¬ 
tures  this  spring: 

1.  IMPROVE  BEST  AREAS  —  One 

acre  of  top  quality  pasture  may  pro¬ 
duce  as  much  as  four  acres  of  poor 
pasture. 

2.  FERTILIZER  —  Phosphorus  is  con¬ 
sidered  most  important  on  many  pas¬ 
tures.  Add  from  500  to  800  lbs.  of  sup¬ 
erphosphate  to  the  acre  once  every  five 
years.  September  is  considered  the  best 
month  to  add  it,  but  next  best  is  VERY 
EARLY  this  spring.  Where  pasture 
grasses  contain  legumes,  they  will  sup¬ 
ply  nitrogen.  On  pastures  that  are 
mainly  grass  (not  legumes),  it  may  be 
wise  to  add  some  readily  available  ni- 


PASTURES 

es,  it  is  unnecessary  to  plow  and  re¬ 
seed.  On  areas  that  need  reseeding,  it 
trogen  carrier  at  the  rate  of  100  to  200  is  wise  to  crop  them  for  a  year  or  two, 

lbs.  to  the  acre.  although  land  can  be  plowed  in  the 

On  light,  sandy  soil,  potash  may  be  fall  and  seeded  in  the  spring,  either 
needed  at  the  rate  of  100  lbs.  of  muri-  with  or  without  a  nurse  crop,  and  pas- 
ate  of  potash  (or  its  equivalent)  to  the  tured  lightly  the  following  fall.  It  is 
acre  useless  to  reseed  pastures  unless  you 

Manure  is  good  for  pasture,  but  add  fertilizer— and  lime  where  needed, 
most  farmers  feel  that  it  is  more  val-  g  MANAGEMENT  —  Divide  the  pas- 
uable  on  crop  land.  The  best  time  to  ^ure  into  at  least  two  fields  and  have 
add  it  is  in  the  fall  as  animals  do  not  cows  graze  them  in  rotation.  Do  not 
readily  graze  freshly  manured  pas-  ^  grass  get  over  4”  high.  It  should 
tures-  be  mowed.  These  clippings  make  ex- 

3.  LIME — Some  pastures  will  respond  cellent  calf  feed.  Some  farmers  turn 

to  phosphorus  without  the  addition  of  heifers  and  dry  stock  into  the  pasture 
lime.  If  the  lime  requirement  of  a  pas-  after  the  milking  herd  has  had  first 
ture  soil  is  two  tons  to  the  acre,  it  is  choice,  and  then  turn  the  milkers 
well  to  add  at  least  a  ton  of  lime.  Here  into  other  fields  that  have  had  a  rest, 
again,  fall  is  the  best  time;  early  When  the  pasture  is  grazed  closely, 
spring  second.  It  is  usually  inadvisable  stock  should  be  taken  out  so  the  pas- 
to  add  lime  unless  you  add  superphos-  ture  will  have  a  chance  to  make  new 
phate  also.  growth. 

4.  SEEDING  —  If  pastures  have  any  6.  TURN  OUT  EARLY  —  One  advan- 
kind  of  a  stand  of  good  pasture  grass-  tage  of  improved  pasture  is  that  it 


5-year-old  Ontario  boy  wins 
prize  in  plowing  contest. 


Oklahoma  woman,  72,  does 
all  the  work  on  240-acre  farm. 


Great-grandfather,  90,  and  great- 
grandson,  6,  both  working  on 
Ohio  farm. 


73-year-old  man  says: 

“I  am  finding  out  how 
easy  it  is  to  farm  my 
210  acres.” 


Illinois  boy,  12,  wins 2 
firsts  and  one  second 
in  plowing  contests. 


Iowa  Future  Farmer, 

10,  operates  tractor 
and  mower. 


This  CONTROL  is  the  REASON 


USE  THIS  COUPON  TO  GET  PERSONAL  PROOF 
ON  YOUR  OWN  FARM 

Ferguson-Sherman  Mfg.  Corp., 

Dearborn,  Mich.,  Dept.  19 

Send  me  more  information  (  ) 

Arrange  a  demonstration  for  me  (  ) 

Name 

Address 


Operated  by  finger  tip  touch,  this  5-inch  arm  controls  the 
implement  in  the  soil,  raises  and  lowers  the  implement,  and  pro¬ 
tects  both  implement  and  tractor,  hydraulically. 

The  Ford  Tractor  with  Ferguson  System  joins  tractor  and 
implement  by  a  system  of  “linkage  that  thinks  for  itself.”  It 
has  no  clumsy  levers  to  tug,  no  ropes  to  pull,  no  weights  to  lift, 
even  when  changing  implements. 

Much  easier— and  much  safer — to  operate  than  an  automobile 
or  a  team  of  horses.  Saves  gas,  oil  and  tires. 

We  face  a  growing  shortage  of  farm  labor.  This 
modern  equipment  makes  it  practical,  efficient,  and 
safe,  for  young  boys  and  girls,  and  elderly  people,  to 
do  their  part  in  keeping  farm  production  up,  and 
keeping  farm  costs  down. 

★  ★  ★ 

Built-in  weight  is  not  needed,  either  for  traction  or  for  soil 
penetration.  Every  Ford  Tractor,  with  any  two  Ferguson 
implements,  as  compared  with  other  equipment  that  will 
An  ths  cam*  ixerlt.  saves  over  a  too  of  metal  for  armament. 


gives  earlier  grazing,  thus  lessening  the 
period  of  barn  feeding.  Do  not  turn 
cows  out  by  the  calendar — turn  them 
out  when  the  pasture  is  ready. 


CORNELL  PASTURE 
MIXTURES 

Cornell  Special  Pasture  Mixture — This 

mixture  is  intended  for  use  on  good 
land  which  has  been  adequately  fer¬ 
tilized,  and  under  conditions  which 
will  permit  good  grazing  management 
practices  to  be  adopted.  It  should  be 
seeded  in  April  or  May  without  a  nurse 
crop.  Full  information  concerning 
methods  of  fertilizing,  seeding  and 
grazing  management  will  be  found  in 
Cornell  University  Extension  Bulletin 
No.  393,  entitled  “Pasture  Improve¬ 
ment  and  Management,”  which  is  ob¬ 
tainable  free  of  charge  to  New  York 
State  residents  from  the  Office  of  Pub¬ 
lications,  Roberts  Hall,  Cornell  Univer¬ 
sity,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Requests  from  other 
states  will  be  filled  at  5  cents  a  copy. 

Pounds  per  acre 


Kentucky  Blue  Grass. .  10 

Canada  Blue  Grass  .  2 

Perennial  Ryegrass  _  4 

Timothy  . . 6 

Yellow  Trefoil  . 2 

Wild  White  Clover  .  1 

~25 


Cornell  General  Purpose  Mixture  — 

This  mixture  may  be  used  under  sim¬ 
ilar  conditions  but  it  is  adapted  for  a 
combination  of  hay  and  pasture  or  pas¬ 
ture  only.  It  may  be  used  under  some¬ 
what  drier  conditions  and  it  may  be 
seeded  with  a  nurse  crop  if  desired. 
May  be  seeded  with  companion  grain 
crop.  Good  for  grass  silage. 

Pounds  per  acre 


Kentucky  Blue  Grass  .  6 

Timothy  .  8 

Alfalfa  . „  4 

Medium  Red  Clover  .  2 

Alsike,  . .'. . 1 

Ladino  White  Clover  _  1 


22 

Cornell  Utility  Mixture — This  mixture 
is  intended  for  use  in  seeding  land  at 
a  lower  fertility  level  than  is  recom¬ 
mended  for  Mixtures  1  and  2.  Grass 
silage  may  be  cut  for  one  or  two  years. 

Pounds  per  acre 


Kentucky  Blue  Grass  ....  4 

Canada  Blue  Grass  .  3 

Timothy  .  6 

Red  Top  .  2 

Mammoth  Red  Clover  ....  3 

Alsike  .  3 

Ladino  White  Clover  .  1 


22 

Cornell  Dryland  Mixture  is  especially 
adapted  for  the  production  of  grass 
and  legume  silage  and  supplementary 
pasture  during  the  late  summer 
months.  It  may  also  be  used  on  the 
drier  soils  for  pasture  only. 


Pounds  per  acre 

Orchard  Grass  . 

10 

Timothy  . 

5 

Perennial  Ryegrass  .... 

5 

Yellow  Trefoil  . 

2 

Ladino  White  Clover  .. 

2 

~24~ 

Cornell  Emergency  Special  Pasture 
Mixture — May  be  substituted  for  the 
Cornell  Special  Pasture  Mixture  if  the 
present  emergency  makes  it  impossi¬ 
ble  to  obtain  adequate  supplies  of  the 
specified  varieties  of  Perennial  Rye¬ 
grass  or  Canada  Blue  Grass. 

Pounds  per  acre 


Kentucky  Blue  Grass  ....  16 

Timothy.  . 6 

Yellow  Trefoil  .  2 

Wild  White  Clover  .  1 

~ 25 


Cornell  Alfalfa  Grass  Mixture  is  adapt¬ 
ed  for  temporary  pasture  or  hay  and 
supplementary  summer  pasture  on  land 
well  adapted  for  alfalfa.  It  is  drought 
resistant  and  may  be  left  down  from 
5  to  8  years. 

Pounds  per  acre 


Alfalfa  .  12 

Smooth  Brome  Grass  or 

Orchard  Grass  _  8 


20 


Joe  had  me  pretty  scared 
with  all  his  talk 
of  Shortages! 


Substitutes  and  shortages  .  .  .  that 
was  all  Joe  could  talk  about  the 
other  day  when  I  met  him  down  by 
his  place.  Got  me  to  thinking,  too, 
because  I  was  due  to  get  my  first 
batch  of  baby  chicks  in  a  few  days 
and  I  was  wondering  how  the  war 
would  affect  chick  -  starting  feed. 


Turning  the  old  bus  around,  I  headed  straight  for  town 
to  find  out  about  it.  My  chicks  last  year  did  mighty 
well,  on  Purina  Startena,  and  I  wanted  to  raise  even 
more  chicks  this  year. 


I  hustled  into  Ed  Williams’  Purina  store  and  says, 
“Ed,  how  about  this  Purina  Startena,  is  it  gonna’ 
be  as  good  as  last  year  or  have  you  substituted  for 
some  of  the  things  that  go  in  it?” 


“Henry,”  he  says,  “you  don’t  need  to  worry  a  bit. 
The  Purina  folks  months  ago  laid  in  a  supply  of  those 
high  quality,  hard-to-get  vitamin  ingredients,  to 
make  sure  that  Startena  would  give  the  same  fine 
results  that  it  gave  a  year  ago.” 


Boy,  was  I  relieved.  This  year  of  all  years,  I  wanted 
to  give  my  chicks  every  chance  to  live  and  grow.  I 
threw  several  bags  of  Startena  in  the  back  end  of  the 
car  so  that  I  would  have  plenty  of  feed  on  hand  when 
my  chicks  came. 


THREE  THINGS  TO  DO  IN  ’42 


MAN-o/.tAe-MONTH 

David  Livingstone  *  Pioneer 


Our  January  Man-of-the-Month  was 
Soldier  Douglas  MacArthur;  Our 
February  Man-of-the-Month,  Statesman 
Abraham  Lincoln;  and  now  our  March 
Man-of-the-Month  is  Missionary  and  Ex¬ 
plorer  David  Livingstone. 

David  Livingstone  was  born  in  Scotland 
on  March  19,  1813.  At  the  age  of  ten  he 
was  put  to  work  in  a  cotton  mill.  At  an  early 
age  his  character  was  remarkable  for  its 
steady,  plodding  earnestness.  He  was  fond 
of  reading,  and  to  economize  on  time  he 
would  place  an  open  book  on  a  portion  of 
the  spinning  j  enny  and  would  catch  sentence 
after  sentence  as  he  passed  backward  and 
forward  in  front  of  it,  quite  undisturbed 
by  the  noise  of  machinery.  Like  Abraham 
Lincoln  he  seemed  to  have  read  all  that 
came  his  way. 

I  want  to  share  with  you  some  paragraphs 
which  struck  me  as  I  read  of  Livingstone. 

“As  he  read  about  missionaries  to  India, 
and  China  —  men  who  did  great  things  — 
he  wisned  to  be  like  them.  He  told  his 
parents  he  was  going  to  Glasgow  to  study 
medicine  and  then  to  foreign  lands  to  help 
the  sick  and  suffering.” 

“On  September  1,  1838,  he  offered  his 
services  to  the  London  Missionary  Society. 
Upon  his  first  appearance  in  public  to  lead 
a  meeting,  he  announced  the  text,  stared  at 
his  audience,  and  said:  ‘Friends,  I  have 
forgotten  all  I  had  to  say,’  and  hurriedly 
left  the  room !  The  Society  did  not  feel  such 
a  man  competent  to  preach,  but  permitted 
him  to  remain  with  them  to  study  medicine 
for  two  years  more.” 

“It  was  a  hard  struggle  for  a  poor  boy  to 
earn  his  way  through  the  university,  but  he 
triumphed  over  all  difficulties,  and  finally 
secured  his  doctor’s  diploma,  and  was 
ordained  in  1840  as  a  missionary.  One  day, 
however,  he  met  Robert  Moffat,  a  noted 
missionary,  and  heard  him  say  that  from  a 
single  hill-top  in  Africa  he  had  seen  the 
smoke  of  a  thousand  villages  where  no 
missionary  had  ever  been.  That  fired 
David’s  blood,  and  he  asked  Dr.  Moffat  if 
he  thought  there  might  be  a  chance  for  him 
to  do  good  work  there.  The  reply  was,  ‘Yes, 
if  you  do  not  settle  down  where  the  mis¬ 
sionaries  already  are,  but  push  out  into  the 
unexplored  regions.’  With  his  usual  energy 
Livingstone  decided  at  once  to  go  to  Africa, 
and  before  long  was  on  his  way.”  . . .  Africa 
—  Dark  Africa  —  The  Dark  Continent ! 

“Before  leaving  David  went  home  for  a 
last  visit  with  his  parents.  He  and  his  father 
talked  far  into  the  night  of  the  prospects  of 
Christian  missions.  At  five  the  next  morn¬ 
ing  they  had  breakfast  and  family  prayers. 
David  read  the  121st  and  135th  Psalms,  and 
prayed.  Father  and  son  walked  to  Glasgow 
(a  distance  of  eight  miles)  and  parted,  never 
to  meet  again  on  earth.  The  father  turned 
his  face  homeward  and  the  great  son  reso¬ 
lutely  started  toward  the  ‘smoke  of  a  thou¬ 
sand  villages  where  no  missionary  had 
ever  been.’  ” 

An  old  friend,  David  Hogg,  seriously  ill 
at  his  home,  gave  David  his  parting  bless¬ 
ing:  “Now  lad,  make  religion  the  everyday 
business  of  your  fife  and  not  a  thing  of  fits 
and  starts;  for  if  you  do  not,  temptation  and 
other  things  will  get  the  better  of  you.” 

■  ■  ■ 

My  next  column  will  tell  of  Livingstone’s 
thrilling  African  experiences,  and  how 
Stanley  found  him  after  a  year’s  search  in 
the  jungle. 

WM.  H.  DANFORTH 
Chairman ,  Ralston  Purina  Company 
Executive  Offices 

1800  Checkerboard  Square,  St.  Louis,  Me, 


(170)  8 


Ar  aerican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


Le  Roy  Packer  &  Pulverizer 
Single  and  Double. 


Le  Roy  Tractor  Weeder. 


For  Reliable  Service  -  Low  Upkeep  ---  Choose 


Le  Roy  Potato  Planter. 
One  or  Two  Rows. 


LE  ROY  PLOW  CO., 


Le  Roy,  New  York 


Potato  Planter:  High  Shoe  furrow  opener; 
vibrating  seed  hopper  bottom;  fertilizes  from 
100-2000  lbs.  to  acre.  Packer  and  Pulverizer : 
Steel  axles  revolve  in  dirt-proof  self-aligning 
roller  bearings.  Tractor  Weeder:  Mulcher, 
smoothing  harrow,  cultivator  and  weeder,  all 
in  one.  Fastest  cultivation.  For  complete  line 
of  farm  implements  write  for  new  catalogue. 


SERVING  THE  FARMER  FOR  OVER  60  YEARS 


THE  NEW,  IMPROVED 


LARGE  STOCK 

Catalog  free. 

IRVING’S  TRACTOR  LUG 


CO., 


Galesburg,  III. 


MY  OVER  AND  UNDERWEIGHT  HEAD  for  beam 
scales  saves  energy,  $15.00,  free  circular.  M.  SCHU¬ 
MACHER,  WESTHAMPTON  BEACH,  NEW  YORK. 


Write  for  bifi.  free  1942  TRACTOR  PARTS  CATA¬ 
LOGUE;  tremendous  savings.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

CENTRAL  TRACTOR  WRECKING  CO.,  Boone.  Iowa 


ECONOMICALLY  MEETS  EVERY 
SMALL-FARM  POWER  NEED 

See  this  new  Bl-3  ROTOTILLER.  A  complete 
small-farm  operating  unit.  It  will  amaze  you. 
Built  to  exacting  automotive  standards.  Fast 
rotating  tines  plow,  disc,  harrow,  smooth— all 
in  one  operation.  Tills  deep,  breaks  hard  sod, 
mows,  hauls,  plows  snow,  operates  power 
equipment.  Assures  better 
crops;  easy,  low-cost  opera¬ 
tion.  Thousandsin  use.  Write 
now  for  FREE  illustrated 
folder.  No  obligation. 

ROTOTILLER,  INC. 
TROY,  N.Y.  DEPT.  Q 


9 pl  CUvelapvd 

THE  HOLLENDEN 

9 pl  Q&LunJmA- 

THE  NEIL  HOUSE 

9 PL  -Abum- 

THE  MAYFLOWER 

9 pi  JfcutcaAiesi,  O. 

THE  LANCASTER 

9pl  GasmipUf,  A/.  If. 

THE  BARON  STEUBEN 


THEO.  DeWITT  PRESIDENT 


10  Sound  Reasons 


FOR  USING 


M/CHOtS, 

COPPERB 


997.  PURE 


Bordeaux  mixtures  which  effectively  control 
fungous  diseases  depend  on  the  elimination  of 
guesswork  and  haphazard  methods  of  determin¬ 
ing  the  amount  of  Copper  Sulfate  in  the  spray 
mixture.  Nichols  Triangle  Brand  “Instant”  Cop¬ 
per  Sulfate  gives  you  these  10  advantages: 

1.  ACCURATE  CONTROL  .  .  .  You  know  exactly 
how  much  copper  sulfate  is  in  your  mixture. 

2.  GREATER  SAFETY  .  .  .  Control  of  mixture 
means  increased  safety. 

3.  BETTER  MIXTURES  .  .  .  Dissolves  instantly 
and  completely. 

4.  ECONOMY  .  .  .  No  waste,  no  sediment,  no 
undissolved  crystals.  YOU  USE  IT  ALL! 

5.  EFFICIENCY  ...  99%  pure,  100%  efficient. 

6.  FASTER  OPERATIONS  .  .  .  Saves  time,  labor 
.  .  .  mixes  directly  in  the  spray  tank.  Re¬ 
quires  no  agitation. 

7.  REDUCED  EQUIPMENT  COSTS  .  .  .  Eliminates 
extra  equipment  for  slaking  lime  and  mak¬ 
ing  stock  solutions. 

8.  KNOWN  QUALITY  .  .  .  Standard  for  50  years, 
it  is  the  oldest  and  best  known  brand. 
Modern  manufacturing  methods  assure  nev¬ 
er  failing  high  quality  in  every  package. 

9.  MODERN  PACKAGES  .  .  .  Safeguard  quality. 
At  no  extra  cost,  you  get  the  best  in  water- 

-g-,  proof  bags  and  steel-hooped  barrels. 

(D PRODUCED  IN  3  LARGE  PLANTS  .  .  .  Your  deal¬ 
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strategically  located  plants. 


- ASK  YOUR  DEALER - 

For  Nichols  Triangle  brand  "Instant'’  Copper 
Sulfate  today.  He  also  carries  LARGE  AND 
SMALL  CRYSTAL  and  SUPER-FINE  NICHOLS 
SULFATE  for  STANDARD  BORDEAUX,  and 
M  0  N  0  H  YD  RATED  for  copper  lime  dusts. 


MW  PHELPS  DODGE  REFINING  CORPORATION 

■  REFINERS  Of  ELECTROLYTIC  COPPER 

40  Wall  St .  New  York.  N.  Y.  •  230  N  Michigan  *ve  ,  Chicago  III 


SJ 

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>- 


The  name  NITRAGIN  is  a  register¬ 
ed  trade  name  and  appears  on  every 
can  for  your  protection.  It  identifies 
the  oldest,  most  widely  used  inocu¬ 
lation  for  alfalfa,  soybeans,  clovers 
and  all  legumes.  NITRAGIN  inocu¬ 
lation  produces  effective  nodules, 
bigger  yields  and  better  feed  .  .  . 
yet  costs  only  a  few  cents  per  acre. 
Sold  by  seedsmen  everywhere. 

THE  NITRAGIN  CO.,  Inc. 

3810  N.  Booth  St.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 


ALL  ABOUT  LEGUMES  .  , 

You  can  profit  by  this  book.  Tells 
how  to  grow  bigger  crops  of  better 
legumes  for  cash,  feed  and  soil 
building.  Write  today  for  free  copy. 


OTTAWA 

H™A9.!0R 


SAW 


Falls  Tree,  Cuts  Lo£ 

r  Uses  Power  Take-off  any  trac-  ' 
tor.  Saws  fast.  Easy  on  fuel.  Hundreds  of  FREE  Book  A 
satisfied  users.  Big  labor  saver.  Low  Price.  Price  List 
OTTAWA  MFC.  CO.,  631  Forest  Ave.,  Ottawa,  Mans. 


Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


TREATING 

POTATOES 

CERTIFIED  seed  potatoes  are  grown 
under  inspection  and  are  prac¬ 
tically  free  from  a  number  of  diseases 
which  are  seed  borne  and  which  can¬ 
not  be  controlled  by  seed  treatment. 
Two  diseases  which  can  be  controlled 
by  treating  the  seed  are  scab  and 
rhizoctonia.  There  are  several  meth¬ 
ods  of  treating  seed  potatoes. 

YELLOW  OXIDE  OF  MERCURY 

Seed  is  treated  before  cutting.  A 
pound  of  yellow  oxide  of  mercury  is 
added  to  15  gallons  of  water  in  a  wood¬ 
en  tub.  Seed  potatoes  are  put  in  wire 
baskets.  A  basket  of  seed  potatoes  is 
dipped  into  the  mixture  which  is  kept 
well  stirred  and  then  put  on  a  drain 
board  so  that  the  excess  liquid  will 
drain  back  into  the  tub.  The  mixture 
does  not  lose  strength  and  can  be  us¬ 
ed  as  long  as  any  is  left.  15  gallons 
will  usually  treat  100  bushels  of  seed. 

FORMALDEHYDE 

Hot  —  A  gallon  of  40%  formaldehyde 
is  added  to  120  gallons  of  water  and 
heated  to  a  temperature  of  124  to  126 
degrees  F.  Seed  potatoes  in  crates  or 
wire  baskets  are  dipped  in  the  solution 
and  left  for  three  minutes.  Then  the 
potatoes  are  covered  with  bags  or  can¬ 
vas  for  an  hour  to  hold  the  fumes 
around  them. 

Cold — Uncut  tubers  are  soaked  for  an 
hour  and  a  half  in  a  solution  of  1  lb. 
of  formaldehyde  and  30  gallons  of 
water. 

MERCURIC  CHLORIDE 

Mercuric  chloride  is  commercially 
called  corrosive  sublimate.  It  is  pois¬ 
onous  and  corrodes  metals,  therefore 
earthen  crocks  or  wooden  containers 
are  used  for  treatment.  Four  ounces 
of  corrosive  sublimate  is  used  in  30 
gallons  of  water.  This  amount  is  dis¬ 
solved  in  a  gallon  of  hot  water  and 
this  is  added  to  29  gallons  of  cold 
water.  Potatoes  are  left  in  this  solu¬ 
tion  for  an  hour  and  a  half.  It  is  rec¬ 
ommended  that  an  ounce  of  corrosive 
sublimate  be  added  to  each  30  gallons 
of  water  after  each  batch  of  seed  has 
been  treated  and  that  after  the  solu¬ 
tion  has  been  used  three  or  four  times, 
it  should  be  discarded  and  a  fresh 
batch  made. 

COMMERCIAL  SEED  TREATMENT 

Semesan  Bel  is  the  name  of  a  prod¬ 
uct  put  out  by  the  Bayer  Semesan  Bel 
Company  of  Wilmington,  Delaware. 
This  is  also  an  instantaneous  treat¬ 
ment.  It  is  mixed  according  to  direc¬ 
tions.  Seed  potatoes  in  wire  baskets 
are  dipped  in  and  excess  liquid  allow¬ 
ed  to  drain  off. 

— A.  a. — 

"GREEN  SPROUTING” 

How  should  I  proceed  to  “green  sprout” 
seed  potatoes  before  they  are  planted? 
Are  the  advantages  worth  the  trouble? 

You  can  spread  out  the  seed  pota¬ 
toes  on  a  barn  floor,  being  sure  that 
piles  are  not  over  three  potatoes  deep. 
The  room  should  be  well  lighted  and 
potatoes  left  for  ten  to  fifteen  days 
before  planting.  This  will  produce  short 
stubby  sprouts  a  few  of  which  will  be 
broken  off  when  the  tubers  are  plant¬ 
ed.  They  will  come  up  quicker,  grow 
a  little  more  rapidly  earlier  in  the  sea¬ 
son  and  usually  yield  slightly  better. 

— A.  a. — 

STORING  CUT  SEED 

Is  it  best  to  plant  potatoes  as  soon  as 
the  seed  is  cut  or  should  they  be  cut  and 
allowed  to  stand  for  some  days? 

In  commercial  potato  growing  areas 
cutting  of  seed  ahead  of  time  is  al¬ 
most  a  necessity.  It  has  been  found 
that  where  cut  seed  is  stored  in  a  room 
that  is  warm  and  has  high  humidity 
the  cut  surface  will  form  a  callous 


SEED 


which  prevents  rapid  drying  out.  The 
only  argument  against  planting  seed 
as  soon  as  it  is  cut  is  that  if  you  run 
into  a  dry  spell  the  cut  tubers  may 
dry  out  to  the  point  where  you  get 
some  missing  hills. 

— A.  a. — 

PEANT  FOOD 

How  much  fertilizer  is  recommended 
for  potatoes?  What  is  a  good  analysis? 

On  Long  Island  some  growers  use 
as  much  as  a  ton  and  a  half  of  a  5-8-7 
fertilizer  to  the  acre.  Upstate,  the  us¬ 
ual  application  varies  from  500  to  1500 
lbs.  an  acre.  A  5-8-7  or  a  5-8-5  is  a 
good  fertilizer  for  potatoes, 

In  some  cases  where  potatoes  are 
distinctly  a  sideline,  where  the  land  is 
fertilized  and  where  manure  has  been 
added  in  considerable  amounts,  200  to 
500  lbs.  of  superphosphate  only  is  used 
with  good  results. 


Spread  It  Thin 


By  R.  B.  CHILD. 


itnpHERE  is  no  point  in  the  entire 
A  field  of  experimental  crop  pro¬ 
duction  upon  which  there  is  better 
agreement  among  all  workers  than 
this;  in  the  use  of  farm  manure  lower 
rates  of  application  give  greater  re¬ 
turns  per  ton  applied.  I  cannot  recall, 
off  hand,  a  single  exception  to  this 
rule.” 

Every  dairyman  who  is  conscienti¬ 
ously  trying  to  increase  milk  production 
efficiently  on  his  farm  today  will  be 
vitally  concerned  with  this  statement. 
It  is  taken  from  a  talk  made  by  Dr. 
Richard  Bradfield,  Head  ef  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agronomy,  Cornell  Univers¬ 
ity,  during  Farm  and  Home  Week. 

With  fertilizer  prices  rising,  it  is 
good  business  for  you  to  make  the  best 
possible  use  of  the  plant  food  produc¬ 
ed  on  your  farm  in  manure.  To  some 
men,  “best  use”  means  plastering  a 
few  acres  for  bumper  crops  near  the 
road.  To  others,  it  means  getting  the 
most  out  of  each  ton  of  manure. 

How  many  tons  of  manure  do  you 
spread  to  the  acre? 

A  70  bushel  spreader,  or  a  wagon  box 
10  feet  long,  3.  feet  wide,  and  18  inches 
high,  heaped  up  to  a  36  inch  loading 
level,  holds  2  tons  of  fresh  stable 
manure.  For  a  5  ton  application,  this 
load  should  cover  a  strip  60  rods  long 
and  9  feet  wide.  A  low  rate  of  appli¬ 
cation  means  that  manure  must  go  on 
as  a  thin  coat — not  in  chunks.  Many 
farmers  do  not  have  manure  spreaders, 
but  many  could  do  a  better  job  of 
spreading  by  hand. 

At  the  Alfred  State  School  in  Al¬ 
legany  County  five  tons  per  acre  on 
.imothy  sod  produced  220  pounds  ad- 
litional  hay  for  each  ton  of  manure. 
'  ’en  tons  per  acre  alongside  produced 
<  nly  150  pounds  hay  for  each  ton. 
Where  manure  is  used  regularly  in  the 
rotation,  applications  of  more  than  10 
tons  per  acre  for  corn  is  not  efficient 
use  of  manure. 

Get  more  mileage  out  of  those  old 
tires  on  the  manure  spreader! 


— A.  a. — 

Soybeans  cannot  compete  success¬ 
fully  with  weeds.  Thorough  cultivation 
to  have  the  weeds  well  under  control 
when  the  seeds  are  planted  allows  them 
to  get  a  head  start  on  the  weeds. 


Philip  Nice  is  one  to  practice  what  he 
preaches.  “This  is  no  time  for  a  farmer  to 
hang  back  in  the  traces,”  he  says.  “The 
country  needs  what  we  produce  and  it  is 
up  to  us  to  deliver.  It’s  everybody’s  obli¬ 
gation.” 

On  his  132  acres  at  Newstead  in  Erie 
County,  New  York,  Phil  Nice  grows  wheat, 
beans  and  cabbage,  and  he  milks  18  cows. 
Last  fall,  when  the  call  was  for  more  milk, 
he  bought  six  more  milkers  even  though  he 
had  his  hands  full  without  them.  In  the 
busy  season,  he  usually  has  extra  help,  but 
this  year  he’ll  get  along  with  just  his  11- 
year-old  son,  Philip,  Jr. 

Yes,  this  man  and  his  farm  are  doing 
their  part  to  win  the  war.  But  the  family’s 
job  doesn’t  end  there.  Bob,  the  oldest  boy, 
works  in  a  Buffalo  airplane  factory.  One  of 
the  girls  is  training  to  be  a  nurse.  Another 
boy  just  left  to  take  a  job  with  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture.  Mrs.  Nice  and  four 
girls  at  home  see  to  it  that  their  table  is 
well  supplied  with  home-grown  food.  The 
Nices  are  workers. 

At  45,  Philip  Nice  has  no  snap,  but  he 
counts  his  job  a  privilege.  He  knows  that  a 
man  earns  what  he  gets,  and  fights  if  neces¬ 
sary  to  hold  it.  His  farm  isn’t  entirely  out 


of  debt,  but  it  would  be  except  for  a  bad 
fire  in  the  summer  of  1940.  It  would  be  out 
of  debt  even  though  he  helped  the  two 
oldest  boys  through  college,  and  sent  a 
daughter,  too. 

Philip  Nice  makes  his  own  decisions, 
speaks  his  own  mind.  He  is  careful,  thrifty 
and  a  planner.  He  believes  a  man  can  do 
more  and  sleep  better  if  he  has  faith  and 
doesn’t  worry.  He  believes  the  right  kind 
of  financing  is  a  big  help.  A  few  years  ago 
he  took  out  a  long-term  Land  Bank  loan, 
and  his  payments  are  right  up  to  schedule. 

Philip  Nice  considers  himself  no  better 
than  his  neighbors  .  .  .  considers  his  family 
and  his  farm  no  exception.  He’s  right. 
Countless  men  like  him  are  the  people  who 
make  America  great,  make  the  Northeast 
a  better  place  to  live.  And  in  the  past 
twenty-five  years,  45,000  Northeastern 
farmers  have  used  Land  Bank  financing 
.  .  .  used  it  to  increase  their  own  security, 
to  take  the  uncertainty  out  of  borrowing 
money. 

Men  like  Philip  Nice  mold  their  own 
lives  out  of  courage,  faith  and  hard  work. 
Deep  in  the  fibre  of  their  souls  is  love  for 


home,  love  for  nature,  love  for  land  and 
what  it  represents.  Independence  and 
freedom  are  the  goals. 

America  now  needs  the  full  strength  and 
might  of  its  patriots.  The  Nation  now 
fights  for  those  values  to  which  its  farmers 
individually  dedicate  their  lives.  America 
calls  ...  its  farmers  and  their  sons  answer, 
“Present!”  America’s  war  power  starts 
here. 

For  details  about  Land  Bank  financing ,  or 
about  the  Farm  Loan  Association  in  your  locality , 
address  the 

FEDERAL  LAND  BANK 
OF  SPRINGFIELD 

Springfield,  Massachusetts 

Serving  New  York,  New  Jersey,  New  England 


War  Power 
Starts  Here 


a/irtns 


(172)  1 O 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


This  Barn  Can 
Burn  or  Blow 
A  way — But  NOt 
The  Marietta 
Concrete  Silo  I 


Dr.  Naylors 

MEDICATED 

1  Teat  Dilators 


Safe  and  Dependable  Treatment 
for  Spider  Teat,  Scab  Teats,  Cut 
and  Bruised  Teats,  Obstructions. 

Dr.  Naylor  Dilators  furnish  soft,  com¬ 
fortable  protection  to  the  injured 
lining  and  keep  teat  canal  open  in 
its  natural  shape  while  tissues  heal. 

They  have  a  deep,  yielding  sur¬ 
face  of  soft  absorbent  texture  which 
fits  either  large  or  small  teats  with¬ 
out  overstretching  or  tearing  and 
which  carries  the  medication  INTO 
teat  canal  to  seat  of  the  trouble. 

The  Only  Soft  Surface  Dilators 

Medicated — Packed  in 
Antiseptic  Ointment 

l  Large  Pkg . SI. 00 

Ljrial  Pkg . 50 


Easy  to 
Insert — 
Stay  in 
the  Teat 


In  N.  Y.  State  —  Marietta  Is  The  Strongest 
Defense  Against  Feed  Crop  Losses 


Wherever  Marietta's  famous  Super-Construction  Concrete  Stave 
Silos  are  serving  —  in  many  states  —  you'll  find  “FIRST  LINE" 
protection  for  feed  crops  and  food  values.  .  .  .  Built-to-endure 
against  all  inside  pressures  and  outside  attacks — FIRE,  STORM, 
WASTE  and  TIME!  .  .  .  Lock-joint,  “heavy-tamped"  concrete 
staves  —  of  only  clean  aggregate.  (No  quarry  refuse  that 
BURNS.)  Acid  resisting  inside  coating.  Refrigerator-type-tight 
doors.  Special-tested  hooping  assures  world's  safest  fortifi¬ 
cation  for  Grass  Silage,  also  for  Corn. 


Order  Now — get  early  season  discount. 
Profit  Facts  folder. 


Write  TODAY  for 


Marietta“Super” 
near  Scotia,  N.Y.  * 
Owned  by  Wm.  I 
McMichael.  ^t®. 


THE  MARIETTA  CONCRETE  CORP. 

Marietta,  Ohio  Write  nearest  Baltimore,  Md. 

Schenectady,  N.Y.  office,  Dept.Qel  Lilesville,  N.  C. 

WRITE  FOR  FOLDER  AND  PRICES  ON  MARIETTA'S 
NEW  SUPER-WOOD  SILOS. 


How  the  Milk  Order 
Changes  Will  Affect  You 


H.  W.  Naylor  Co.f  Morris,  N.Y. 

Dr.  Naylor  Products  will  be  mailed  postpaid  if 
your  local  feed  or  drug  store  cannot  supply  you. 


cream)  price  reduce  it  15c.  This  may 
be  an  improvement.  Cream  prices 
have  been  so  high  that  cream  sales 
have  been  lost.  This  will  allow  more 
milk  to  be  used  in  Class  II-A.  There¬ 
fore,  less  will  have  to  be  made  into 
butter  and  other  manufactured  prod¬ 
ucts. 

4.  The  manufacturing  allowance  for 
cheese  is  increased  V2c.  This  is  prob¬ 
ably  a  good  change  as  the  allowance 
was  low.  The  second  change  is  that 
diversion  payments  on  milk  to  be  made 
into  cheese  will  be  allowed  the  year 
around.  This  will  have  a  good  effect 
during  the  war,  but  after  that  it  may 
prove  uneconomical  to  truck  milk  long 
distances  to  cheese  factories. 

5.  Cooperative  payments  are  not 
changed,  and  to  that  extent,  the  good 
work  done  by  cooperatives  is  hamper¬ 
ed.  The  proposal  for  a  drought 
amendment,  which  would  automatic¬ 
ally  raise  prices  during  droughts,  is 
not  included.  Neither  was  the  amend¬ 
ment  providing  for  twice-a-month 
payment  to  producers.  Other  propos¬ 
als  omitted  from  the  amendments  in¬ 
clude:  a  suggestion  to  extend  the  mar¬ 
keting  area  to  include  upstate  pro¬ 
ducer-dealers:  a  proposal  to  change 
location  and  butterfat  differentials; 
and  a  proposal  to  include  a  plan  to 
encourage  more  uniform  production 
the  year  around. 

Some  demoralization  in  the  price 
structure  of  the  New  York  City  mar¬ 
ket  has  been  evident  recently.  Dairy¬ 
men  naturally  wonder  why.  First, 
government  agencies  have  been  buying 
less  evaporated  milk  and  at  lower 
prices.  There  is  a  reason  for  that,  too. 
It  is  reported  that  this  evaporated 
milk  has  been  accumulating  at  ports 
because  of  lack  of  ships  in  which  to 
send  it  to  England.  The  English  could 
use  it  if  we  could  get  it  to  them;  but 
in  the  meantime,  condenseries  which 
last  summer  were  taking  all  of  the 
milk  they  could  get,  are  refusing  to 
take  surplus  milk. 

The  natural  thing  for  country  plants 
without  manufacturing  facilities  to  do 
is  to  send  this  to  New  York  City  and 
take  what  they  can  get  for  it.  Truck- 
loads  of  milk  there  have  been  on  the 
market  at  a  price  which  would  lose 
the  shipper  about  10c  a  hundred.  Why, 
then,  does  he  ship  it?  Because  divert¬ 
ing  it  would  result  in  a  bigger  loss. 

We  mention  these  things  for  your  in¬ 
formation  and  with  the  possibility  in 
mind  that  the  situation  may  be  one 
reason  why  the  amendments  do  not 
provide  a  higher  Class  I  price. 

— a.  a. — 

STARTING  CAI/VES 

To  grow  steadily  and  develop  into 
rangy,  sturdy  heifers,  calves  must  have 
a  good  start.  Here  are  some  money¬ 
making  suggestions: 

1.  Where  possible,  move  the  cow  to 
a  roomy,  well-bedded  box  stall  several 
days  before  freshening. 

2.  Disinfect  the  calf’s  navel  cord 
with  iodine  as  soon  as  it  is  born. 

3.  Do  not  overfeed.  Give  not  more 
than  one  pound  of  milk  for  each  ten 
pounds  of  live  weight  of  the  calf. 

4.  Keep  all  feeding  utensils  clean. 

5.  Provide  a  calf  pen  with  stanchions 
so  calves  will  not  suck  each  other  after 
they  eat. 

6.  Supply  an  abundance  of  clean 
water. 

7.  Get  them  to  eat  all  they  will  of  an 
extra  good  quality  of  hay. 

8.  There  are  several  excellent  calf 
rations  on  the  market  that  can  be  used 
with  a  minimum  of  whole  milk.  Use 
one,  following  the  manufacturer’s  di¬ 
rections. 


AS  THIS  IS  written,  no  date  has 
been  set  for  the  vote  by  dairymen 
on  the  proposed  amendments  to  the 
Federal-State  Milk  Marketing  Order 
for  New  York  City.  It  will  probably 
be  about  March  15.  Here,  for  your  in¬ 
formation,  are  some  of  the  changes 
that  have  been  proposed: 

1 .  A  price  of  $2.85  for  Class  I  milk 
for  the  months  of  April,  May  and  June 
has  been  proposed.  The  price-making 
formula  for  Class  I  milk  has  been 
changed.  In  the  original  Order,  it  was 
based  on  butter.  Now  it  is  based  on 
butter  price  plus  the  price  of  dried 
skim  milk.  The  price  of  dried  skim 
milk  has  gone  up  faster  than  butter, 
and  it  is  believed  that  the  new  formula 
is  an  improvement.  It  should  be  real¬ 
ized,  however,  that  should  the  butter 
price  go  down  to  30c  and  dried  skim 
milk  to  10c  for  a  sufficiently  long  per¬ 
iod  (25  days),  the  Class  I  price  might 
go  as  low  as  $2.65.  If  butter  and  skim 
milk  prices  stay  up,  Class  I  price,  be¬ 
ginning  July  1,  will  be  $3.10.  Should 
these  prices  go  down,  it  might  be  $2.90. 

If  butter  and  dried  skim  milk  prices 
do  stay  up,  it  is  probable  that  the 
lowest  blend  price  during  the  next 
three  months  will  not  go  below  $2.00. 
If  butter  and  skim  milk  prices  go 
down,  the  blend  price  might  drop  close 
to  $1.90. 

2.  The  proposed  amendments  elimi¬ 
nate  market  service  payments  on  milk 
going  into  cream.  In  the  past,  these 
payments  have  amounted  to  between 
10c  and  12c  a  hundred  on  milk  going 
into  the  classes  on  which  diversions 
were  allowed.  Perhaps  to  offset  this, 
more  liberal  handling  charges  are  al¬ 
lowed  on  surplus  cream  sold  outside 
thu  marketing  area  and  to  upstate  ice 
cream  manufacturers. 

The  elimination  of  these  diversion 
payments  on  cream  will  make  it  more 
difficult  for  cooperatives  who  own 
plants  to  get  an  adequate  handling 
charge  for  milk  that  is  diverted.  It 
will  give  dealers  who  buy  from  bargain¬ 
ing  cooperatives  a  greater  bargaining 
power.  Plants  without  manufacturing 
facilities  will  be  tempted  to  dump  milk 
on  the  fluid  market. 

There  are  three  possible  reasons  for 
eliminating  these  diversions:  (a)  to 
get  away  from  the  charge  made  by 
New  England  dealers  and  dairymen 
that  surplus  milk  was  being  dumped 
in  New  England;  (b)  to  encourage  the 
production  of  more  cheese;  (c)  to  dis¬ 
courage  unnecessary  trucking  of  milk 
between  plants. 

3.  There  are  no  changes  in  the  pric¬ 
ing  of  Class  IV- A  (butter)  except 
that  diversion  payments  are  eliminat¬ 
ed.  The  possible  reason  for  this  is 
that  more  milk  (perhaps  too  much) 
has,  in  the  past,  been  made  into  butter 
in  this  area. 

Changes  in  the  Class  H-A  (fluid 


It  HAD  to  be 
WEATHER¬ 
PROOF 


South  Pole  weather  called  for  the  stay¬ 
ing  protection  of  Bag  Balm.  In  your  own 
dairy,  for  all-weather  massage,  reducing 
Caked  Bag,  fighting  infection,  pro¬ 
moting  quick  healing  of  chaps  and 
injuries.  Bag  Balm  is  the  dependable 
healing  aid  that  spreads  right  and  stays 
antiseptic  on  contact  —  lasting  and  eco¬ 
nomical.  At  stores  or  postpaid. 

DAIRY  ASSOCIATION  CO.,*lnc. 

Dept,12-B.  Lyndonville,  Vermont 


ONL 


io  ou 


HIGHER  Production  with  new  safety,  new 

speed  and  new,  gentler  milking  action. 
That's  what  you’ll  get  with  the  Hinman 
Low-Vacuum  Milker.  Leading  dairymen 
praise  it  as  “The  finest  milker  on  the 
market.” 

Only  the  Hinman  will  give  you  all  these 
advantages,  for  the  Hinman  is  designed  to 
milk  best  on  only  10  inches  of  vacuum.  This 
gentler  milking  soothes  the  cows,  keeps  them 
relaxed.  Empties  the  udder  faster — gets 
more  milk,  more  butterfat  than  any  slower 
method.  A  single  unit  milks  up  to  15  cows 
per  hour.  So  simple  a  boy  or  girl  can  do  the 
milking.  WRITE  for  Free  Folder  today. 


HINMAN  MILKING  MACHINE  CO.,  Inc 


Box  25 


Oneida,  N. 


•/ 

Y. 


HINMAN  MILKER 


JUICE 
TIGHT! 


Wood  is  the  proven, 
best  material  in  which 
to  cure  and  keep  silage. 

But  only  the  UnadillA  has 
the  patented  lock  dowell- 
ing  and  V-type  anchors  that 
tie  the  entire  silo  into  a  Juice- 
1  tight  —  windproof  —  enduring 
structure.  With  fair  care  it 
should  outlast  any  other  silo. 
Save  the  Juice!  It  contains  valu¬ 
able  body  and  bone  building 
mineral  food.  Sure-grip,  sure- 
step,  door-front  ladder  assures 
convenience  and  safety. 

Write  today  for  catalog  and  early- 
order  low  prices.  Unadilla  Silo  Co., 
Box  B,  Unadilla,  N.  Y. 

AGENTS  WANTED  —  for  Open  Territory. 


UNADILLA  SILOS 


Order  Early,  Avoid  Rising  Prices 

"My  Economy  Silo  sure  does  save  In 
feed,  labor  and  money!”  savs  C.A.C., 
Pennsylvania  farmer.  An  Economy 
Silo  on  your  farm  can  help  save  vou 
money  and  trouble.  Large.  air-tight, 
easy-entranee  doors,  no  nails,  non¬ 
rot  base  anchor.  Guaranteed. 

SPECIAL.  NEW  DAIRYMAN’S  SILO 
Send  post-card  now  for  free  catalog, 
prices  and  discounts. 

JOHN  A.  COLE 

Dept.  B,  Box  661  Kingston,  N.  Y. 


WOOD  •  CONCRETE  •  TILE  .  METAL 


TIME  WELL  SPENT 

Time  taken  to  read  the  ad* 
vertisements  in  AMERICAN 
AGRICULTURIST  is  time 
well  spent — for  there  is  no 
better  way  to  keep  well  in¬ 
formed  on  new  things  on  the 
market,  what  to  buy  at  what 
price  and  where  to  go  to  get 
what  you  want.  When  you 
answer  an  “ad,”  be  sure  to 
mention  the  name  of 

American 

Agriculturist 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


11  (173) 


BETWEEN 

HAY  and  PASTURE 


RIGHT  at  this  moment  there  are 
hundreds  of  farmers  :'n  the  New 
York  milk  shed,  particularly  in  north¬ 
ern  New  York,  who  will  not  have 
roughage  enough  to  last  until  pasture. 
What  can  these  and  other  farmers  do? 

1.  Buy  good  quality  hay  so  long  as 
the  cost  is  not  over  two-thirds  of  what 
you  have  to  pay  for  a  good  20%  dairy 
ration.  Apparently  there  is  enough  hay 
in  the  country  to  go  around  if  it  can 
be  gotten  to  the  areas  where  it  is  need¬ 
ed.  When  men  have  sold  hay  for  $6  or 
$7  a  ton  at  the  farm  a  year  or  two  ago, 
it  seems  pretty  tough  to  pay  between 
$25  and  $30  a  ton  for  hay,  but  it  is 
still  a  good  buy  as  compared  to  what 
you  have  to  pay  for  grain. 

2.  The  rate  of  feeding  of  hay  can 
be  restricted  to  as  low  as  5  lbs.  a  day. 
Don’t  guess.  Weigh  the  amount  of  hay 
you  are  feeding  to  each  cow  so  you 
will  know  just  what  she  is  getting.  If 
you  are  lucky  enough  to  have  a  good 
supply  of  silage  you  can  feed  as  much 
as  50  lbs.  a  day  where  a  cow  isn’t  get¬ 
ting  over  5  lbs.  of  hay.  For  a  short 
period  a  good  heavy  cow  will  eat  as 
much  as  70  lbs.  of  silage. 

3.  Feed  wheat  released  by  the  gov¬ 
ernment  is  available  at  an  average 
price  of  $36.00  a  ton,  ground,  with  var¬ 
iations,  depending  on  the  freight  rate. 
You  can  put  two  or  three  lbs.  of  this 
on  top  of  the  silage  and  the  cows  will 
eat  it  readily. 

4.  In  most  areas  where  hay  is  short, 
straw  is  short  too.  If  you  have  straw 
and  if  you  can  get  molasses  to  put  on 
it,  the  cows  will  eat  from  5  to  10  lbs. 
a  day.  Naturally  it  is  low  in  feed  value 
compared  to  the  hay,  but  it  will  pro¬ 
vide  roughage. 

5.  In  former  years  beet  pulp  was 
considered  a  good  substitute  for  hay. 
Now  the  supply  is  scarce  and  it  is  too 
high  in  price  to  make  it  an  economical 
roughage  supplement. 

6.  Some  companies  are  putting  out 
a  bulky  feed  containing  some  oat  mill 
feed,  bran,  beet  pulp  and  other  bulky 
materials.  The  use  of  this  is  a  possi¬ 
bility  to  replace  some  of  the  roughage. 

7.  Dairymen  will  be  tempted  to  turn 
cows  out  to  pasture  before  the  pasture 
is  ready.  In  the  long  run  this  will  be 
poor  economy.  If  you  can  get  hay,  bet¬ 
ter  feed  it  until  the  pastures  have  a 
good  start.  On  the  other  hand,  don’t 
hesitate  to  turn  out  earlier  than  usual 
if  we  have  a  favorable  spring  and  pas¬ 
tures  get  that  necessary  start  earlier 
than  usual. 

— a.  a. — 


THREE  TO  FIVE  YEARS,  Soil  Well 
Adapted  to  Alfalfa 

Alfalfa  .  8  4 

Timothy  .  '  8  6 


FOR  WET  LAND,  TWO  YEARS 


Red  clover  .  3  1% 

Alsike  clover  .  5  2% 

Timothy  . 5  4 

Redtop  .  3  6 


If  hay  is  to  be  cut  for  more  than  two 
years,  add  one  pound  of  Ladino  white 
clover  to  the  above  mixture. 


ONE  YEAR  HAY 

Red  clover  .  8  4 

Alsike  .  4  2 


TWO  YEARS  HAY 

Red  clover  .  10  5 

Timothy  . _  8  6 

or 

Alsike  clover  .  8  4 

Timothy  .  8  6 

THREE  TO  FIVE  YEARS  HAY 

Smooth  brome  .  8  18 

Alfalfa  . 12  6 


Each  of  the  following  crops  may  be 
seeded  separately: 

Acre  Rate  of  Seeding 
Lbs.  Qts. 

Alfalfa  without  companion  crop  12  6 

Alfalfa  with  small  grain .  15  7% 

Red  clover  (med.  or  mammoth)  15  7% 

Alsike  clover  .  10  5 

SVveet  clover  .  18  9 

Sudan  grass  .  25  24 

Millet  . 25  24 

The  Cornell  General  Purpose  or  the 
Cornell  Utility  Mixture  may  be  seeded  for 
hay  where  the  meadow  is  to  be  used  as 
a  pasture  after  one  or  two  years  of  hay. 
Either  should  give  good  aftermath  graz¬ 
ing  the  years  hay  is  cut.  The  General  Pur¬ 
pose  Mixture  should  be  used  on  good  soil 
adapted  to  alfalfa  and  the  Utility  Mixture 
on  soils  of  low  or  medium  fertility  and 
not  adapted  to  alfalfa.  The  formulas  of 
these  mixtures  are : 

CORNELL  GENERAL  PURPOSE 
MIXTURE 

Pounds  per  Acre 


Kentucky  bluegrass  .  6 

Timothy  .  8 

Alfalfa  .  4 

Medium  red  clover  _ 2 

Alsike  clover  . 1 

Ladino  white  clover  .  1 

CORNELL  UTILITY  MIXTURE 

Pounds  per  Acre 

Timothy  .  6 

Redtop  . _  2 

Kentucky  bluegrass  _  4 

Canada  bluegrass  . 3 

Mammoth  red  clover  . 3 

Alsike  clover  . __  3 

Ladino  white  clover  . __  1 


'  — A.  A. — 

EMERGENCY  HAY  CROPS 


STANDARD  HAY 
SEEDINGS 

The  seeding  rates  below  are  recom¬ 
mended  by  the  Department  of  Agron¬ 
omy  of  the  New  York  State  College  of 
Agriculture,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  While  advis¬ 
ed  for  New  York  State,  they  are  equal¬ 
ly  applicable  to  large  areas  of  the 
Northeast. 

THREE  TO  FIVE  YEARS,  Where  Soil  Is 
Fairly  Well  Suited  to  Alfalfa 

Acre  Rate  of  Seeding 
Pounds  Quarts 


Alfalfa  . 6  3 

Red  Clover  .  4  2 

Alsike  clover  . 2  1 

Timothy  .  6  4 

FIVE  YEARS  OR  LONGER 

Alfalfa  .  4  2 

Red  clover  .  3  1% 

Alsike  .  2  1 

Ladino  white  clover  . „  1  % 

Timothy  .  8  6 

Redtop  . 2  4 

TWO  YEARS 

Red  clover  _ _  6  3 

Alsike  _  4  2 

Timothy  ___ _ _  S  6 


If  prospects  for  the  hay  crop  on 
your  farm  are  bad,  there  are  a  num¬ 
ber  of  emergency  hay  crops  that  can 
be  grown. 

OLD  MEADOWS — One  thing  to  con¬ 
sider  is  applying  a  nitrogen  carrier  or 
a  complete  fertilizer  to  old  meadows. 
This  is  a  labor-saving  proposition  as  it 
may  avoid  plowing  and  fitting.  The 
Michigan  Experiment  Station  found 
that  400  lbs.  of  a  10-10-5  or  a  10-6-4 
fertilizer  produced  the  most  economical 
increase  in  timothy.  In  a  fertilizer  for¬ 
mula,  the  first  figure  gives  the  per 
cent  of  nitrogen;  the  second,  phos¬ 
phorus;  and  the  third,  potash. 

OATS  AND  PEAS  —  This  mixture  is 
one  of  the  easiest  grown  and  best  of 
emergency  hay  crops.  The  usual  rate 
of  seeding  is  two  bushels  of  oats  and 
one  bushel  of  Canada  field  peas  to  the 
acre.  If  no  peas  have  grown  on  the 
field  for  three  years,  be  sure  to  inocu¬ 
late  the  seed  with  the  proper  commer¬ 
cial  inoculant. 

SOYBEANS  —  Soybeans  should  be 
planted  just  after  the  best  time  to  plant 
( Continued  on  Page  14) 


From  Furrows  Like  These 


Here  is  no  ordinary  plowman  drudging  at  a  dreary  job.  He  is 
building  the  birthplace  of  bread  and  butter,  bacon  and  toma¬ 
toes  to  feed  fighting  men  in  ships  and  planes,  tanks  and  forts. 

!  He  is  boosting  his  earnings  as  well  as  his  production,  because 
he  knows  it  is  patriotic  to  prosper.  He  can  proudly  pay  his 
war  taxes  and  buy  defense  bonds. 

These  are  not  ordinary  times,  and  those  are  not  ordinary  fur¬ 
rows.  Just  look  at  them!  Not  earth  merely  tumbled,  but  correctly 
crumbled  from  top  to  bottom.  Not  a  jumble  of  lumps  and  pockets, 
but  evenly  loosened  to  let  air  enter  and  roots  advance,  yet  compact 
for  capillary  movement  of  moisture  and  firm  to  anchor  sturdy 
stalks.  Not  the  start  of  tedious  tillage,  but  a  rootbed  built  in  one 
swift  passage  of  man  and  machines. 

This  is  no  ordinary  plow.  It  is  a  Case  Centennial.  Its  high-speed 
bottoms  are  built  to  level  the  surface  for  early  planting*  as  shown 
here,  or  by  a  change  of  pace  to  leave  ridges  that  soak  up  rain  and 
hold  soil  and  snow  secure  under  winter  winds.  Its  big  rudder-action 
rear  wheel,  adjustable  for  every  condition,  keeps  landsides  from 
rubbing  furrow  walls,  enables  this  man  to  plow  extra  acres  with 
power  saved  from  landside  friction. 

If  you  have  a  Case  Centennial  plow  ...  or  can  get  one  ...  let  its 
speed  and  strength  make  you  a  better  fighter  on  the  food  front. 
Let  your  Case  dealer’s  service  keep  its  edges  keen,  make  its  long 
life  still  longer.  He  can  serve  you  better  if  you  see  him  soon. 


. . 


v^.r.v-'V 


In  1842  Jerome  I.  Case  started  to  build 
machines  to  make  farm  work  easier,  farm 
earnings  better,  food  more  plentiful.  In 
1892,  midway  in  the  century,  his  firm 
built  the  world’s  first  gas  tractor.  Out 
of  this  long  experience  comes  the  long 
life  built  into  Case  tractors,  machines 
and  implements.  Write  for  books  or 
folders  on  any  farm  equipment  you  need. 
J.  I.  Case  Co.,  Dept.  C-6,  Racine,  Wis., 
or  nearest  branch. 


*  \  1-*  >  . 


SP«".“saVE 


HAYING 
TIME  * 
LABOR/ 


WITH  AN 


480**® 


Handles  your  Hay 
Fork  with  Quick' 

Action,  under  perfect 
control  at  all  times. 

“Puts  the  Hay  in  its  place 
in  a  hurry.”  Unloads  3  times  faster — 
Saves  man  and  team.  Capacity  1200 
lbs.  direct  pull.  Styles  for  every  need. 
Thousands  of  Satisfied  users. 

Write  for  folder  today. 

IRELAND  MACHINE  &  FOUNDRY  CO. 

BOX  A,  NORWICH.  N.  Y. 


HOMEY  COMFORT 

in  Syracuse 


IT  is  always  a  pleas¬ 
ure  to  stop  at  Hotel 
Syracuse.  The  atmos¬ 
phere  is  homey,  serv¬ 
ice  complete  and  the 
food  tasty. 

600  Modern, 
Comfortable  Rooms. 


HOTEL  SYRACUSE 

SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 


(174)  12 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


Elmer  tb  Buifcarg  says 

'Tm  strong  as  a  bull, 
big  as  a  horso.  slip-/, 
pery  as  a  hog.  i  # 
respect  only  one  jf'In 
fence  —  Prime.  /W\s 
It  holds  all  live-  1®§S 
Stock,  all  the  yd  Iw 
lime,  all  \T 

over  the  yMwtsk'  \ 
farm."  S 


Want  real,  long-time  success  with  ELECTRIC 
FENCE?  Get  a  HI-LINE  controller. 

>>PRIME 

±a  .  w 

is  the  one  that's  safe.  Underwriter-approved  and 

Carries  a  Kick  J 


Only  the  Hi-line  PRIME  gives  you  all  this: 

1  The  bi-line  controller  ap-  1  No  radio  tubes  to  burn  out. 
*■  proved  for  safety  bv  Un-  *  • 


■■  proved  for  safety  by  Un 
derwriters’  Laboratories, 
Inc. 

0  Twice  as  much  "shock”  as 
other  makes,  delivers  alter¬ 
nating  current  (the  most 
effective  type)  to  the  fence. 

0  Big  savings  of  posts  and 
wire  —  conserving  steel. 

Welcome  savings  of  time 
■  and  work. 

0  Conservation  of  your  soil. 
0  No  batteries  to  run  down. 


0  Exact  measurement  of  shock 
on  fence  with  exclusive 
Prime  Short  Meter. 

Q  Accurate  adjustment  of 
V*  shock  for  all  conditions, 
with  Soil  Selection  Switch. 
S plit- second  timing  of 
shock  for  safety,  with  the 
famous  Prime  Moto-Chop- 
per. 

Peace  of  mind  —  assur¬ 
ance  of  safety. 

10  Nine -year  record  of  suc- 
cess  —  on  thousands  of 
farms. 


11. 


Also  Battery  Models  —  complete  price  range. 

See  your  Prime  dealer  today. 

The  Prime  Mfg.  Co.,  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin 
©  1942 — Prime  Mfg.  Co. 


and  several  thousand  progressive 
stores  in  thirteen  Northeastern 
States  are  ready  with  the  GLECK- 
NER  Harness,  Collars,  and  Repair 
Parts  essential  to  the  Food  For 
Victory  drive. 


Your  local  harness,  hardware,  or  implement  dealer  is  our 
agent,  and  is  backed  by  our  63  years  experience  in  the  produc¬ 
tion  of  leather  horse  equipment.  See  him  TODAY. 

★  MANUFACTURERS  SINCE  1879  ★ 

HARNESS  COLLARS 


W.  W.  GLECKNER  &  SONS  COMPANY 


FALSE  TEETH 

AS  LOW  AS  $7.95 

Per  Plate,  DENTAL  PLATES 
are  made  in  our  own  laboratory 
from  your  personal  impression. 
Our  workmanship  and  material 
GUARANTEED  or  purchase  price  refunded.  We  take  this 
risk  on  our  60-day  trial  offer.  DO  NOT  SEND  ANY  MONEYI 
MAIL  POST  CARD  for  FREE  Material  and  Catalog  of  our 
LOW  PRICES.  DON’T  PUT  IT  OFF  —  Write  us  TODAY  1 
BRIGHTON -THOMAS  DENTAL  LABORATORY 
Dept.  1138  6217  S.  Halstead  Street,  Chicago,  III. 


HOTEL  GREAT  NORTHERN 


Centrally  located  in  midtown 
New  York.  Near  Radio  City, 
theatres,  fine  shops.  Large  com¬ 
fortable  and  attractive  <r. 

ROOM  AND  BATH  from  91 
AAA  Hotel.  Garage  ad¬ 
joins  our  111  West  56th 
St.  entrance.  Folder.  Per  day. 
118  WEST  57th  ST.,  NEW  YORK 


‘2-50 


DrtJVat/Ior's 


Effective  medication  for 
prompt  relief  of  temporary  ¥\  / 

hyperacidity  and  simple 

DIARRHEA  in  CALVES 

Direne  is  a  dependable 
antacid  and  intestinal  as- 
.  tringent  for  farm  animals. 

Price  7St 

Keep  a  box 
of  Direne  -55 
on  hand.  ^  - 


ARE  YOUR  COWS 


for 

CALVING 


Cows  due  to  freshen 
between  now  and  sum¬ 
mer  are  apt  to  be  de¬ 
pleted  in  resistance, 
due  to  winter  feeding 
and  housing  condi¬ 
tions.  Digestion  and 
assimilation  need  to  be 
at  top  notch  in  order 
to  safely  approach  the 
strains  of  producing  a 
healthy  offspring.  The 
Iron,  Iodine  and  medicinal  Kow-Kare  ingre¬ 
dients  promote  active,  normal  functioning  of 
the  digestive  and  productive  organs,  make 
the  calving  ordeal  less  hazardous  by  aiding 
Nature.  Begin  now  to  add  Kow-Kare  to  the 
feed ;  it’s  an  inexpensive  precaution  in  success¬ 
ful  dairying.  At  drug, 
feed  and  general  stores. 

Write  for  valuable 
FREE  Cow  Book, 

‘‘Home  Aids  to  Cow 
Health.” 


$1.25 

and 

65* 

Sizes 


DAIRY  ASSOCIATION  COMPANY,  INC. 
Dept.  12,  Lyndonville,  Vermont 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


Same 

Controlling  Mastitis 

2>.  c S.  tall  and  S.  2>.  flabnian 

New  York  State  College  of  Veterinary  Medicine,  Ithaca,  New  York. 


1.  Stanchion  classified  cows  in  their  re¬ 
spective  groups. 

The  milking  cows  should  be  stan¬ 
chioned  according  to  their  classification 
and  milked  in  the  following  order: 
Numbers  1  and  2  (clean  group);  Num¬ 
ber  3  (suspicious  group);  and  Numbers 
3-f-  and  4  (badly  infected  group). 

2.  Use  Strip  Cup  Before  Milking. 

When  a  cow  shows  watery  milk, 
flakes,  clots  or  pus  repeatedly,  she 
should  be  removed  from  the  milking 
line,  particularly  if  she  stands  in  a 
clean  group.  .Early  discovery  of  cases 
showing  watery  milk  or  pin-point 
flakes  in  the  milk  often  saves  a  cow. 
In  the  treatment  of  such  cases,  the 
grain  ration  is  reduced  immediately, 
the  affected  quarter  or  quarters  milked 
out  hourly,  and  hot  epsom  salts  packs 
applied. 

3.  Washing  Udders. 

Except  in  a  few  isolated  herds,  only 
one  method  for  washing  udders  can 
be  safely  recommended.  Individual 
towels  should  be  furnished  for  each 
cow.  The  towels  are  placed  in  a  chlor¬ 
ine  solution  with  a  strength  of  200 
parts  per  million  (p.p.m.).  When  an 
udder  is  to  be  washed,  the  operator  re¬ 
moves  a  towel  from  the  pail  and  wrings 
it  partly  dry.  After  the  udder  is  wash¬ 
ed,  the  towel  is  wrung  dry,  and  the 
surface  of  the  udder  is  wiped  dry.  The 
towel  is  dropped  into  a  discard  pail. 
The  same  operation  is  repeated  for  the 
next  cow.  All  towels  should  be  washed 
in  a  hot  soapsuds  water,  wrung  dry, 
and  then  placed  in  a  chlorine  solution 
(200  p.p.m.)  in  a  crock  until  the  next 
milking.  The  chlorine  solution  should 
be  supplied  fresh  daily. 

4.  Milking. 

It  is  a  good  plan  to  assign  a  group 
of  cows  to  each  man  who  milks  them 
each  time.  Since  it  is  important  that 
complete  milking  be  practiced,  the 
herdsman  is  expected  to  make  personal 
examinations  of  milked  cows  frequent¬ 
ly. 

5.  Washing  Hands. 

Before  milking  each  cow,  a  milker 
should  wash  his  hands  with  soap  and 
water,  disinfect  them  with  a  chlorine 
solution  (100-200  p.p.m.)  and  wipe 
them  dry,  preferably  with  paper  towels. 

6.  Disinfect  Milking  Machine  Teat 

Cups. 

After  milking  each  cow,  rinse  the 
milking  machine  teat  cups  in  clear 
water,  then  disinfect  them  in  a  fresh 
solution  of  chlorine,  (400-500  parts  per 
million). 

7.  Dipping  Teats. 

Only  a  small  amount  of  chlorine  (V2 
to  1  pint,  having  a  strength  of  200  p.p. 
m.)  is  necessary  to  dip  the  ends  of  the 
teats  after  milking.  Dip  the  teats  of 
20  to  30  cows  and  discard  the  solution. 
Provide  a  basin  constructed  preferably 
of  graniteware,  porcelain,  enamelware, 
or  glass  and  large  enough  to  accommo¬ 
date  the  four  teats  of  an  udder  at  one 
time. 

8.  Do  Not  Milk  on  the  Floor. 

9.  Do  Not  Permit  Wet-Hand  Milking. 

10.  Disinfect  Rear  of  Platform. 

Once  or  twice  during  the  winter  the ' 
litter  should  be  removed,  the  surface 
of  the  platform  scraped  well,  then 
scrubbed  with  approximately  a  3% 
hot  lye  solution  (13-ounce  can  of  lye  in 


3  gallons  of  water).  For  daily  disin¬ 
fection  use  a  solution  of  chlorine  (400- 
500  p.p.m.)  a  weak  solution  of  lye 
(V2  %),  hydrated  lime,  or  any  disinfec¬ 
tant  not  objectionable  in  the  produc¬ 
tion  of  milk. 

11.  Use  plenty  of  Straw  Bedding  Under 
Each  Cow. 

12.  Use  of  Lime  or  Superphosphate. 

Each  day  before  it  is  swept,  the  floor 
should  be  sprinkled  with  lime  or  super¬ 
phosphate.  When  manure  is  not  spread 
on  the  ground  daily,  superphosphate 
should  be  used  instead  of  lime  (ground 
limestone  or  hydrated  lime.) 

13.  Heavy  Producing  Cows. 

Heavy  producing  cows  of  any  breed 
will  be  less  likely  to  develop  mastitis 
and  will  produce  more  if  milked  three 
times  a  day. 

14.  Graining  of  Troublesome  Mastitis 
Cows. 

By  placing  them  on  a  permanent 
feeding  ration  of  no  more  than  16% 
protein,  many  of  these  animals  im¬ 
prove;  flare-ups  and  flaky  milk  disap¬ 
pear.  In  some  cases  there  is  an  in¬ 
crease  of  general  milk  production. 

15.  Drying  Off  Cows. 

When  cows  are  known  to  be  infected 
with  mastitis  or  have  a  history  of  re¬ 
current  flare-ups,  plan  at  least  a  3- 
months  dry  period.  Withhold  the  usual 
grain  allowance  several  days  before  the 
drying  off  period  is  started.  If  neces¬ 
sary,  restrict  the  amount  of  water  daily 
to  1  to  2  pails  for  2  to  3  days  to  hasten 
the  drying  off  process.  Do  not  permit 
a  quarter  to  fill  with  pus;  keep  it 
stripped  out  until  the  quarter  drys  or 
the  secretion  becomes  a  honey-like 
color  and  consistency,  reasonably  free 
from  flakes  or  small  particles.  In  a 
large  percentage  of  cases  the  longer, 
dry  period  is  particularly  beneficial  to 
udder  health  and  milk  production  dur¬ 
ing  the  next  lactation  period.  Should 
an  udder  become  badly  swollen,  or 
tense  from  springing,  milking  it  out 
regularly  1  to  5  days  ahead  of  the  due- 
date  of  freshening,  may  avoid  trouble 
with  mastitis. 

16.  First-Calf  Heifers. 

The  milk  of  first-calf  heifers  should 
be  examined  for  mastitis  at  the  begin¬ 
ning  of  the  lactation  period.  When  the 
milk  of  a  heifer  is  normal  on  the  strip 
cup  and  the  bromthymol  blue  test,  she 
may  be  stanchioned  with  the  clean 
group  and  milked  first. 

17.  Purchased  Additions. 

Each  cow  should  be  carefully  ex¬ 
amined  for  mastitis  or  other  diseases 
before  purchase.  A  veterinary  certifi¬ 
cate  of  health  should  be  required  with 
each  animal.  As  an  additional  precau¬ 
tionary  measure,  the  purchaser  should 
handle  such  an  animal  as  potentially 
dangerous  to  his  herd  until  such  time 
as  it  is  definitely  certain  no  udder 
trouble  exists. 

18.  Rearing  Calves. 

Provide  milk  for  young  calves  from 
disease-free  cows.  Do  not  allow  calves 
to  suck  each  other  habitually. 

19.  Stall-Bed  Construction. 

Provide  an  adequate  stall-bed  and 
partitions  for  each  cow.  Most  injuries 
are  caused  by  cows  treading  on  each 
other’s  teats  and  udders  because  of  too 
narrow  and  too  short  stall-beds.  Such 
injuries  result  in  mastitis  or  complete 
loss  of  the  injured  quarter. 


* 


To  Those  Wl 

ho  Are  Troubled 

About  Fai 

*m  Equipment 

HERE  ARE  THE  FACTS  About  The 
Supply  and  Distribution  of  New 
Farm  Machines  and  Repair  Parts 

THERE  has  been  so  much  public  discus¬ 
sion  concerning  the  supply  of  new  equip¬ 
ment  and  repair  parts  needed  for  the  year’s 
food  production  program  that  a  word  of  ex¬ 
planation  is  in  order.  While  it  is  obvious  that 
distribution  cannot  be  uniformly  satisfactory 
to  all  concerned,  inquiries  from  customers  and 
dealers  indicate  the  existence  of  much  mis¬ 
information  on  the  subject. 

The  farm  equipment  industry  sincerely  re¬ 
grets  the  hardships  that  these  circumstances 
work  on  foresighted  farmers,  and  the  embar¬ 
rassment  and  financial  loss  that  is  visited  on 
the  dealers.  .  .  .  Perhaps  a  review  of  the  un¬ 
derlying  facts  will  help  to  give  everybody  a 
better  understanding  of  the  unavoidable  sit¬ 
uation. 

Last  year  the  government,  faced  with  a  vast 
program  of  armament  production,  was  forced 
to  reduce  the  output  of  new  farm  equipment. 
The  following  steps  were  taken  in  planning 
the  volume  of  1942  production: 

Step  No.  1 :  In  September  the  government 
asked  manufacturers  to  estimate  the  1942 
demand  for  farm  equipment.  The  manu¬ 
facturers  estimated  that  farmers  would 
demand  a  38%  INCREASE  over  the  1940  pro¬ 
duction,  or  substantially  the  same  as  the 
actual  demand  and  output  in  1941. 

Step  No.  2:  At  the  same  time  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  asked  county  agents 
to  estimate,  not  the  demand  (what  farm¬ 
ers  would  like  to  buy),  but  the  minimum 
essential  needs  of  farmers  throughout  the 
country.  The  county  agents  reported  a 
minimum  need  for  1942  of  7%  increase 
over  the  1940  production. 

Step  No.  3:  Late  in  December  the  gov¬ 
ernment  issued  its  order  to  manufacturers 
limiting  the  production  for  1942  to  an  av- 

T 


erage  of  17%  LESS  than  the  1940  production 
of  new  equipment.  As  to  repair  parts,  the 
order  provided  for  an  average  of  50% 
INCREASE  over  1940  production,  which  was 
somewhat  larger  than  1941  output. 

In  fixing  these  limitations  on  equipment  and 
parts,  the  government  in  no  way  guaranteed 
that  the  manufacturers  would  be  able  to  pro¬ 
duce  up  to  these  limits.  It  was  saying,  in  ef¬ 
fect,  that  the  manufacturers  could  build  these 
amounts  if  they  could  get  the  materials. 

The  Material  Picture  Changes 

To  assist  the  manufacturers  in  obtaining  the 
required  materials,  the  OPM  assigned  a  pri¬ 
ority  rating  of  A- 3  to  new  farm  equipment 
and  repair  parts.  At  the  time  of  the  assign¬ 
ment  this  was  a  relatively  high  rating  and 
showed  reasonable  promise  of  providing  all 
or  most  of  the  materials  needed. 

Since  then,  however,  the  production  pic¬ 
ture  of  the  United  States  has  changed  swiftly 
and  radically.  Vast  new  undertakings  in  war 
equipment  require  additional  vast  amounts  of 
raw  materials.  These  have  naturally  been  given 
very  high  priority  ratings,  so  that  the  ability  of 
the  A-3  rating  to  get  materials  for  new  ma¬ 
chines  and  repair  parts  has  steadily  declined. 

Because  of  all  these  things  there  is  not,  and  in 
the  visible  future  there  will  not  be,  sufficient  new 
equipment  or  repair  parts  to  satisfy  either  the 
known  demands  or  the  reported  minimum  needs 
of  the  farmers  of  America. 

This  situation  is  not  the  fault  of  the  build¬ 
ers  and  distributors  of  farm  equipment. 
Neither  is  it  the  fault  of  the  government  offi¬ 
cials  who  were  concerned  with  the  matter. 
Nothing  that  we  have  said  in  this  statement 
is  in  any  sense  a  criticism  of  the  government 
men  who  had  the  thankless  task  of  appor¬ 
tioning  among  many  industries  and  for  many 
purposes  a  supply  of  raw  materials  which 
was  certain  to  be  inadequate.  The  true  blame 
lies  in  Tokio,  Berlin,  and  Rome.  The  truth  is 
that  you  are  feeling  the  impact  of  the  world 
enemy  on  the  American  farm. 


We  wish  it  clearly  understood  also  that 
nothing  in  this  statement  is  intended  as  a 
complaint,  as  a  demand  for  a  higher  priority 
rating  or  for  larger  allocation  of  materials. 
We  do  not  know  how  much  of  the  nation’s 
stock  of  raw  materials  can  be  allotted  to  farm 
equipment.  Only  the  government  knows  how 
large  and  how  urgent  are  other  demands.  We 
do  know  this  one  fundamental  fact— there  are 
not  enough  materials  to  meet  all  of  the  needs 
brought  about  by  war. 

Our  Level  Best  in  Wartime  Service 

There  is  nothing  to  be  gained  by  wishful  think¬ 
ing  about  the  farm  equipment  situation  “as  it 
ought  to  be.”  It  seems  to  us  to  be  the  clear 
duty  of  us  all  to  keep  our  chins  up  and  do 
the  best  jobs  we  can  with  what  we  have.  All 
of  us  acknowledge  that  the  needs  of  the  fight¬ 
ing  forces  come  first. 

As  a  manufacturer,  Harvester  has  been  build¬ 
ing,  and  will  continue  to  build,  all  the  farm 
equipment  possible  under  wartime  conditions. 

As  a  distributor,  Harvester  is  using  110 
years  of  experience  and  knowledge  of  farm 
conditions  and  farm  practices  to  do  the  fair¬ 
est  job  we  know  how  to  do.  In  distributing 
our  machines,  we  take  into  consideration  in 
each  of  our  sales  areas:  (1)  the  shipments 
we  made  to  that  area  in  1940  and  in  1941; 

(2)  the  local  effect  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  1942  food-production  program; 

(3)  the  inventory  of  machines  in  the  hands 
of  dealers;  and  (4)  the  local  crop  conditions. 
We  believe  that  these  are  the  factors  vital  to 
the  1942  distribution  of  our  products. 

These  things  we  know  the  American  farmer 
will  understand.  We  have  a 
deep  and  abiding  faith  that 
nothing— no  shortage,  no  handi¬ 
cap-will  keep  him  from  suc¬ 
cessfully  handling  his  essential 
job  and  carrying  the  nation  to 
eventual  Victory. 

INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  COMPANY 

180  North  Michigan  Avenue  Chicago,  Illinois 


INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER 


(176)  14 


I 


Ai  tcrican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


DIBBLE’S 


Tested  Seed  Corn 

Conditions  Excellent — Germination  above 
average!  Our  corn  was  especially  favor¬ 
ed  last  fall  with  exceptionally  good 
weather  for  harvesting  and  drying.  Cata¬ 
log  devotes  8  color  pages  to  corn. 

Every  pound  of  Dibble  Seed  Corn  is 
ADAPTED  for  the  North  and  East  —  all 
northern  grown.  Choose  YOUR  variety! 
All  sold  on  10-day-test-or-money-back. 

TESTED  DIBBLE  VARIETIES 


LANCASTER  COUNTV 
SURE  CROP 


WEST  BRANCH  SWEEP- 
STAKES 

MAMMOTH  8  ROWED 
YELLOW  FLINT 


EARLY  YELLOW  DENT 
IMPROVED  LEAMING 
MAMMOTH  WHITE  DENT 
BIG  RED  DENT 
GOLDEN  GLOW 
CORNELL  II 
WHITE  CAP  YELLOW  DENT  SMOKY  DENT 
CERTIFIED  CORNELL  HYBRID  29-3 

SWEET  CORN  GARDEN  ASSORTMENT 

Also  Headquarters  for  All  Farm  Seeds,  Grass 
Seeds,  Oats,  Barley,  Certified  and  Selected  Seed 
Potatoes. 

Catalog  &  Price  List  Free 

EDWARD  F.  DIBBLE  SEEDGROWER 

BOX  C,  -  HONEOYE  FALLS.  N.  Y. 


- FREE - 

1942  CATALOG 

describing  all  kinds  of  vegetable  plants. 
Tells  how  to  plant,  spray  and  care  for- 
the  garden.  Write  for  your  copy  today. 

P.  D.  FULWOOD,  Dept.  118,  Tifton,  Ga. 


HARDEE  PEACH 

PLANT  PATENT  NO.  t20 

The  first  and  only  peach  granted  a  patent  on  the 
proven  claim  of  cold  resistance  and  hardiness.  A  high 
quality  yellow  freestone,  with  outstanding  Bud  and 
Wood  Hardiness. 

TODAY’S  OUTSTANDING  PEACH. 

Write  for  Literature. 

THE  FRENCH  NURSERY  COMPANY 

at  Clyde,  Ohio,  Since  1863.  Department  Z 


Write  for  prices  on  SCHROER’S  BETTER  VEGE¬ 
TABLE  PLANTS.  Cabbage,  onion,  Broccoli,  Tomato, 
hot  and  sweet  pepper,  eggplants  and  sweet  potato. 
SCHROER  PLANT  FARMS,  VALDOSTA,  GEORGIA. 


Fieldgrown  Vegetable  Plants  an*k(®  7^" 

crops.  Cabbage,  Onions,  Tomatoes,  Potatoes,  Peppers. 
Write  for  free  catalog.  Omega  Plant  Farms,  Omega,  Ga. 


G|  A  n  ■  A  I  IIC  T>e  Patriotic  this  Year. 

LAUIULU9  Plant  a  Bed.  White  and 
Blue  Garden.  12  bulbs  of  each  color;  labeled  and 
postpaid,  Jl. 00.  Cash  with  order  or  will  send  C.O.D, 
at  proper  planting  time. 

HENRY  HOHENBERGER,  Box  223-M,  Monroe,  N.  Y. 

Sales 
Service 

Livestock  breeders  who  are 
subscribers  ol  A. A.  have  a 
special  and  distinctive  sales 
service  at  their  command, 
NORTHEAST  MARKETS 
FOR  NORTHEAST  PRO¬ 
DUCERS.  It  is  made  avail¬ 
able  to  readers  of  A.  A.  in  an 
effort  to  open  markets  for 
surplus  that  otherwise  may 
have  to  be  sacrificed.  For 
details  and  rates,  write  the 
Advertising  Dept,  of  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist,  Savings 
Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


Home  Beautification 

Though  the  planting  of 

Evergreens,  Flowering  Shrubs,  Roses 

Grow  More  Fruit 

Reduce  the  cost  of  living.  Apples,  Pears,  Peaches, 
Grapes,  Berries,  etc.  Send  for  Descriptive  Catalog. 
Dependable  Nursery  Stock  at  very  reasonable  prices. 
The  leading  up-to-date  trustworthy  varieties. 

THE  WILSON  NURSERIES 

Thomas  Marks  <£  Son 
WILSON  NEW  YORK 

Located  in  the  Center  of  the  Famous  Fruit  Belt 
of  Niagara  County  for  the  past  Thirty  Years. 


EARLIEST  TOMATOES 

JUNG'S  WAYAHEAD  BEATS  THEM  ALL! 

Has  big  red  fruit  ripening  as  early  as  July 
4th.  Regular  price,  15c  per  packet,  but  to 
Introduce  Jung's  Quality  Seeds  we  will 
send  a  trial  packet  of  this  Tomato,  also 
Cream  Lettuce,  Earliest  Radishes,  graceful 
garden  Pinks  and  Giant  Zinnias,  .  .  ;  ; 
rnpp  all  for  10c;  in  Canada,  20c. 
rnLL  Our  beautiful  colored  catalog  of 
bargains  in  Seeds,  Plants,  Shrubs,  Hybrid 
Corn  and  Certified  Seed  Grain.  Coupon 
for  Rare  Premiums  in  each  catalog. 

J.  W.  Jung  Seed  Co.,  Sta.16,  Randolph,  Wis,** 


Northern  N.  Y.  Grown 

BERRY  PLANTS 

Strawberry,  Raspberry,  Blackberry, 
Currant,  Gooseberry,  Grape,  Aspara¬ 
gus,  Rhubarb,  etc.  Everything  In 
Dormant  Nursery  Stock.  59  years 
in  business.  Catalog  Free. 

L.  J.  FARMER, 

Dept.  A. A.  Pulaski,  N.  Y. 


Strawberry  Plants 

Catalog  free.  W.  E.  BENN 


Leading  varieties.  Stocky 
plants.  Prices  reasonable. 

NG,  CLYDE,  NEW  YORK. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


-HARRIS  SEEDS- 

BEST  FOR  THE  NORTH 

We  specialize  in  growing  the  best  early  strains  for  growers 
whose  seasons  are  short, 

SWEET  CORN  PEPPERS  SQUASH 

MUSKMELONS  TOMATOES  BEETS,  Etc. 

Our  varieties  are  noted  everywhere  for  earliness,  superior  quality 
and  best  yields. 

All  of  the  finest  varieties  of  vegetables  and  flowers  are  described 
and  illustrated  in  our  1942  catalogue.  Send  for  Your  Free  Copy 
today  and  order  by  mail  direct  from  our  Seed  Farms. 

If  you  grow  for  market,  ask  for  the  Market 
Gardeners  and  Florists  Price  List. 

JOSEPH  HARRIS  CO.,  Inc  ,  35  Moreton  Farm,  Rochester, N.  Y. 

-1942  CATALOG  noWAm/hf— 


Northern 

Cross 

Sweet  Corn 


it  the  Ion. 

A  Good  Garden 

Pawl  lAJatik 


THIS  is  the  year  for  farmers  to  pro¬ 
duce,  use,  can,  and  store  a  good 
and  constant  supply  of  vegetables. 

One  short  “yam”  cannot  tell  how 
to  grow  a  garden,  but  most  of  our  read¬ 
ers  already  know.  Here  are  some  point¬ 
ers  for  farm  gardeners  to  think  over: 
some  of  the  ideas  will  fit  your  condi¬ 
tions  and  some  will  not.  After  all,  each 
person  must  make  his  own  plans  and 
develop  his  own  methods.  For  details 
about  varieties,  quantities  to  plant,  the 
lay-out  of  the  garden,  insects  and 
disease  control,  and  utilization,  write 
American  Agriculturist.  We  will  be 
glad  to  help.  See  page  5  this  issue. 

1.  Don’t  Wait  Until  Memorial  Day 

Start  early,  according  to  soil  and 
weather,  and  keep  on  planting  until 
August  or  September  so  that  you  will 
have  vegetables  maturing  every  week 
of  the  season.  Take  a  little  care  to 
avoid  being  swamped  with  bushel  after 
bushel  of  ten  different  vegetables  at 
one  time  and  having  too  little  at  an¬ 
other  time.  Even  a  farmer’s  belt  will 
stretch  only  about  so  far  and  the  good 
wife  cannot  can  everything  in  one 
week. 

2.  Pick  a  Good  Spot 

Few  farmers  are  without  a  suitable 
place  to  grow  vegetables,  but  if  con¬ 
ditions  are  unfavorable  don’t  try  too 
much,  and  plant  the  things  that  will  do 
well  under  those  conditions.  Choose  a 
good  patch  of  ground,  near  the  house 
for  convenience,  well  drained  and  not 
too  acid.  If  lime  is  needed,  apply  it  un¬ 
der  the  guidance  of  the  county  agent 
or  agricultural  teacher.  Too  much  may 
be  harmful. 

3.  Make  a  Plan  on  Paper 

Work  this  out  according  to  the  needs 
of  the  family.  Make  the  plan  on  a  large 
sheet  of  paper  and  keep  it  for  a  rec¬ 
ord  so  that  it  will  help  you  next  year. 
There  are  plenty  of  leaflets  and  bul¬ 
letins  available  if  you  need  help. 

4.  Don’t  Make  the  Garden  Too  Big 

A  plot  of  moderate  size,  well  kept, 
will  furnish  plenty  of  vegetables,  will 
require  less  labor  and  is  more  likely  to 
be  well  cared  for.  Many  become  dis¬ 
couraged  because  they  have  laid  out 
too  big  a  garden  in  the  spring.  The  rush 
of  summer  work  results  in  neglect,  dis¬ 
couragement.  How  compact  to  make  it 
will  depend  on  whether  it  is  to  be  work¬ 
ed  with  tractor,  horse,  wheel  hoe  or 
hand  hoe. 

5.  Look  After  Fertility 

Give  the  garden  a  liberal  dose  of 
stable  manure,  up  to  20  tons  per  acre, 
partly  rotted  if  applied  in  the  spring. 
Nowhere  will  it  pay  better.  Supplement 
with  superphosphate  at  the  rate  of  100 
pounds  to  two  tons  of  manure.  Then  the 
garden  will  get  better  every  year,  both 
in  fertility  and  in  moisture  holding 
capacity. 

6.  Sow  Seed  and  Set  Plants  With  Care 
Prepare  the  ground  thoroughly.  Treat 
seed  as  needed  with  principal  reliance 
on  red  copper  oxide  or  semesan.  Sow 
carefully  to  avoid  waste  of  seed.  Plant¬ 
ing  too  thickly  means  a  sad  job  of 
thinning  afterwards,  or  a  poor  crop. 
Planting  too  thinly  may  result  in  a 
poor  stand.  Make  the  rows  of  even 
depth,  cover  evenly  and  firmly  and  so 
increase  the  chances  for  a  good  come- 
up. 

7.  Take  Care  of  the  Garden 

Get  the  weeds  when  they  start.  That 
means  less  labor  and  not  more.  Use 
whatever  equipment  best  meets  the 
need,  whether  tractor,  horse,  wheel  hoe, 
or  hand  hoe.  One  of  the  great  causes 


of  discouragement  and  failure  in  gar¬ 
dening  is  to  let  weeds  get  a  big  start. 

8.  Harvest  When  Right 

A  lot  of  the  satisfaction  of  gardening 
is  gone  when  things  are  allowed  to  get 
too  old,  especially  peas,  sweet  corn, 
cucumbers,  and  summer  squash.  Some 
other  things  may  stand  in  the  row  for 
a  long  time,  such  as  cabbage,  beets, 
carrots,  but  even  they  are  nicer  when 
they  are  young. 

9.  Make  It  a  Family  Job 

Dad  cannot  find  much  to  do  that  will 
yield  more  for  his  time  then  helping 
with  a  good  garden.  The  farm  price 
of  a  gallon  of  milk  will  only  buy  one 
can  or  a  little  more  of  pfeas,  but  a 
fifty  foot  row  will  yield  six  or  eight 
pounds,  shelled  weight.  So,  father’s 
time  in  the  garden  is  well  invested. 
Mother  ought  to  be  called  on  only  when 
she  has  time  and  wants  to  take  a  hand, 
but  gardening  is  a  great  game  for  the 
young  people.  They  watch  things  grow, 
learn  about  plants,  find  out  how  to 
make  them  yield  well,  harvest  when 
things  are  right,  and  then  “wolf”  them 
at  the  table. 

The  current  emergency  gives  us  the 
opportunity  to  take  the  home  garden 
out  of  the  ugly-duckling  coop,  which 
it  so  often  occupies  on  the  farm,  to  the 
place  of  an  honored  enterprise.  It  will 
yield  more  per  hour  and  dollar  invest¬ 
ed  than  any  other  plot  on  the  place. 

— a.  a. — 

;  4 

EMERGENCY  HAY 

( Continued  from  Page  11) 
corn.  They  can  be  sown  either  in  rows 
30”  apart  so  they  can  be  cultivated,  or 
can  be  sown  solid  like  oats.  Weed  con¬ 
trol  is  the  most  important  factor  in 
growing  soybeans,  and  seed  should  be 
inoculated.  They  can  be  harrowed  un¬ 
til  they  reach  some  height,  either  with 
a  rotary  hoe  or  a  spike-toothed  harrow. 
Some  good  varieties  are  Late  Manchu, 
Dunfield,  and  Mandell.  Lime  is  not  es¬ 
sential  for  soybeans  unless  the  soil  is 
too  sour  to  grow  alsike  clover. 
SUDAN  GRASS— This  can  be  planted 
in  late  June,  sowing  from  20  to  25  lbs. 
of  seed  to  the  acre.  The  crop  is  cut 
for  hay  shortly  after  blooming.  Sudan 
grass  should  not  be  planted  too  deep. 
A  mixture  of  soybeans  and  sudan  grass 
can  be  used  at  the  rate  of  lx/2  bu.  of 
soybeans  to  15  lbs.  of  sudan  grass. 
Sow  them  separately,  sowing  the  sudan 
crosswise  of  the  soybeans. 

MILLET  —  This  crop  can  be  sown  as 
late  as  July  1.  Millet  is  not  recommend¬ 
ed  as  the  sole  roughage  for  cows  or 
horses.  Any  land  that  will  grow  a  good 
crop  of  corn  should  also  grow  a  good 
crop  of  millet.  Up  to  July  1,  use  Jap¬ 
anese  Millet.  Rate  of  seeding  is  from 
V2  to  %  of  a  bushel  per  acre. 


“Did  you  buy  it  like  that  or  did 
something  happen  to  It?” 


Ar  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


15  (177) 


Plant  Some  Small  Fruits 

This  Summer  Qy  Qeosufe.  Jl.  Slate. 


SMALL  FRUITS  are  the  best  source 
of  home  grown  fruit  on  the  farm 
that  is  not  primarily  a  fruit  farm. 
Easily  cared  for  and  rarely  needing 
spraying,  they  will  supply  the  farm 
table  with  delicious  home  grown  fruit 
from  early  June  until  mid-August,  and 
if  grapes  are  included,  until  late 
autumn.  If  planted  near  the  vegetable 
garden  in  soil  that  is  free  of  perennial 
■weeds,  an  occasional  cultivation  when 
the  vegetables  are  worked,  a  couple 
of  hoeings,  and  an  hour  or  two  with 
the  pruning  shears  will  be  all  the  care 
that  is  needed.  A  bale  of  straw  will 
be  needed  to  mulch  the  strawberries. 

Strawberries  will  supply  the  table 
from  early  June  until  about  the  4th  of 
July.  Howard  17  (Premier)  is  first 
to  ripen.  Catskill  is  a  heavy  yielding 
main-crop  variety,  good  for  home  or 
market.  If  highest  quality  is  wanted 
plant  Fairfax,  and  if  a  superior  pre¬ 
serving  or  jam  variety  is  wanted,  Cul¬ 
ver  is  first  choice.  New  Jersey  No.  225 
is  best  for  freezing. 

July  is  the  month  for  raspberries. 
Taylor  is  best  in  quality,  but  New¬ 
burgh  and  Latham  will  produce  lots  of 
fruit  that  is  good  enough.  Black  rasp¬ 
berries  are  delicious,  but  should  not  be 
planted  where  tomatoes,  peppers,  egg¬ 
plants  or  potatoes  have  been  grown 
during  the  previous  three  years.  Bris¬ 
tol  is  best,  but  Cumberland  is  good,  and 
a  week  later.  Sodus  is  the  best  purple 
raspberry  and  a  heavy  producer  of 
berries  for  jam  and  canning.  Co¬ 
lumbian  is  infected  with  the  mosaic 
disease  and  should  not  be  grown  near 
other  raspberries. 

Eldorado  blackberry  ripens  during 
late  July  and  early  August.  Currants 
and  gooseberries  are  rarely  seen  in 
gardens,  but  no  fruit  makes  finer  jelly 
than  currants,  and  green  gooseberries 
are  useful  for  sauce  and  pies  in  late 
June.  Red  Lake  is  the  best  currant 
and  Poorman  the  best  gooseberry. 
Downing  is  also  a  reliable  gooseberry 
variety. 

If  sandy  acid  soils  are  available 
blueberries  may  be  grown.  Stanley 
and  Jersey  are  two  of  the  best.  They 
are  better  mulched  than  culcivated. 
Sawdust  is  the  best  material  for  mulch¬ 
ing,  but  straw  or  a  non-legume  hay  is 
good. 

Concord  and  Niagara  grapes  are  best 
for  home  use  if  only  one  or  two  varie¬ 
ties  are  wanted.  Where  frosts  come 
too  early  for  these  varieties  to  ripen 
choose  some  of  the  new  early  ripening 
varieties.  Fredonia,  a  blue  grape,  is 
first  choice,  but  needs  a  Bordeaux 
spray  to  control  mildew'.  Seneca,  On-  \ 
tario  and  Portland  are  extra  early 
green  varieties.  Where  Catawba  will 
ripen,  Sheridan,  a  blue  variety,  should 
be  grown,  for  its  fine  keeping  quality. 
Golden  Muscat,  with  the  largest  ber¬ 
ries  and  clusters  of  any  hardy  variety, 
also  needs  a  long  season,  but  may  be 
hurried  along  by  training  on  the  south 
side  of  a  building  or  board  fence. 

—  A.  A.—  4 

Apple  Scab 

What  is  meant  by  the  term  “mild  sul¬ 
phur”  as  applied  to  spraying  fruit  trees 
for  scab? 

The  old  standby  for  controlling  scab 
is  lime  sulphur.  However,  there  is  no 
doubt  but  that  this  material  does  some 
damage  to  leaves,  and  it  is  rather  dis¬ 
agreeable  for  the  man  who  is  applying 
it.  For  some  years  “mild  sulphur”  has 
been  used  under  various  trade  names. 

It  is  a  finely  divided  sulphur;  coarse 
material  is  of  little  use.  It  is  not  as 
effective  in  killing  scab  after  it  has  be¬ 
come  stajrted  as  is  lime  sulphur.  How¬ 
ever,  many  growers  use  it  most  of  the 


time,  and  apply  lime  sulphur  only  wher. 
the  scab  gets  out  of  hand. 

— a.  a. — 

Nitrogen  or  Pruning 

I  have  some  old  apple  trees.  Would  I 
get  more  benefit  this  coming  season  if  I 
were  to  trim  them  rather  drastically  or 
make  a  good  application  of  a  nitrate  car¬ 
rier? 

If  the  tops  of  the  trees  are  very  thick 
the  best  thing  is  to  do  both.  However, 
if  you  can  only  do  one,  I  think  you  will 
get  more  benefit  from  an  application 
of  nitrogen  than  you  will  from  trim¬ 
ming  them.  If  the  trees  have  been  neg¬ 


lected,  the  wood  is  doubtless  rather 
weak  and  nitrogen  will  stimulate  more 
vigorous  growth. 

—  a.  a. — 

Spray  Residue  Tolerance 

My  orchards  are  rather  heavily  infest¬ 
ed  with  codling  moths.  Is  it  possible  to 
control  them  with  a  spray  program  which 
will  not  require  washing  the  apples  to 
remove  spray  residue? 

In  1940  the  spray  residue  tolerances 
allowed  by  the  government  were  in¬ 
creased.  The  use  of  three  cover  sprays 
of  lead  arsenate  has  controlled  light 
infestations  of  codling  moth  without 
the  necessity  of  washing. 

Where  infestations  are  heavy,  you 
have  two  alternatives.  The  first  is  a 
total  of  six  sprays,  using  lead  arsenate. 
If  this  program  is  followed,  you  will 
have  to  wash  the  fruit.  The  other  pro¬ 


gram  uses  some  form  of  nicotine.  This 
is  a  little  more  expensive  than  the 
arsenate  treatment,  but  does  make 
washing  unnecessary. 

We  do  not  wish  to  alarm  anyone, 
but  we  hear  that  government  agencies 
are  planning  a  hearing  on  the  spray 
residue  proposition,  and  there  are  rum¬ 
ors  that  the  tolerances  may  again  be 
decreased  to  those  allowed  before  the 
reduction  in  1940. 

—a.  a. — 

Cross  Pollination 

I  have  a  Bartlett  pear  tree  in  our  gar¬ 
den,  but  seem  to  be  unable  to  get  a  good 
crop  from  it.  What  can  I  do  to  remedy 
this? 

Bartlett  pears  are  inclined  to  be  self- 
sterile,  and  need  to  be  cross-pollinated 
with  some  other  variety.  Perhaps  you 
can  topwork  a  few  top  branches  with 
Bose,  Anjou  or  Clapp  Favorite. 


NOW..  .  Let  ’em  Have  It ! 


Food  for  Freedom  .  .  .  Now  it’s  Food  for  Victory 

Food  from  American  farms  is  gaining  on  every  front.  Our  boys  are  getting 
good  food  —  all  they  can  eat.  Shipments  to  our  allies  are  steadily  going  up  .  .  . 
Germany’s  meat  ration  has  again  been  cut  down! 


AMERICA’S  great  Food  for  Victory  pro- 
-  gram  is  now  a  living  reality.  With  the 
first  treacherous  bomb  at  Pearl  Harbor 
American  farmers  united  in  angry  deter¬ 
mination  to  beat  the  production  goals  they 
set  last  fall. 

We  have  new  goals  now  and  to  reach  them 
will  call  for  the  greatest  production  in  the 
history  of  American  agriculture.  But  reach 
them  we  must  and  reach  them 
we  will!  For  the  United  States 
is  not  only  the  arsenal,  but 
also  the  food  store,  for  the 
United  Nations.  Britain  is  cut¬ 
ting  down  her  rations  to  release 
supplies  for  the  Far  East.  Rus¬ 
sia’s  “scorched  earth”  retreat 
last  fall  destroyed  vast  food 
crops.  Hungry  refugees  by  the 
thousands  must  be  fed. 


Our  shipments  of  foods  are 


your  farm  m  m? 

★  PITH  STATES  DEPART ME  NT  Of  ASNICVLTDIE  ★ 


swiftly  increasing.  Two  months  ago  we  de¬ 
livered  our  millionth  ton  of  food  to  Britain. 
By  mid-year  more  than  a  billion  dollars’ 
worth  will  have  been  delivered  to  her  alone 
—  not  counting  Russia  or  China. 

What  next  year’s  needs  will  be,  no  one 
knows  now,  but  everything  depends  upon 
the  American  farmer.  If  he  fails,  our  fight¬ 
ing  forces  and  the  men  in  our  factories 
and  shipyards  will  fail,  along 
with  millions  of  fighters  and 
workers  in  other  countries  al¬ 
lied  with  us. 


But  America  is  determined  they 
shall  not  fail.  Food  is  vital  as 
bullets  and  the  Food  for  Vic¬ 
tory  effort  insures  an  ever 
increasing  production  as  the 
American  farmer’s  contribu¬ 
tion  to  complete  victory  and 
lasting  peace. 


This  is  one  of  a  series  of  reports  from  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  published 
by  the  Chilean  Nitrate  Educational  Bureau,  Inc.,  in  furtherance  of  the  Nation  s  food  produc¬ 
tion  program.  Publication  of  this  report  in  this  space  does  not  constitute  endorsement  by  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  of  any  commercial  product. 


(ITS)  16 


Ar  aerican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


ALUABLE 

BOOK 

FREE! 


“Concrete  Improvements 
Around  the  Home”  shows 
you  how  to  build  a  lily  pool — new 
porch  steps — and  48  pages  of  other 
practical  enduring  concrete  im¬ 
provements  that  beautify  your 
home  at  low  cost. 

Plans ,  Diagrams ,  Photo¬ 
graphs  of — 

Driveways — Floors — Garden  Fur¬ 
niture — Lawn  Rollers — Lily  Pools 
— Pillars  and  Posts — Septic  Tanks 
— Sun  Dials — Stepping  Stones — 
Swimming  Pools — Tennis  Courts 
— Tree  Surgery — Walks — Walls. 

Build  and  rebuild  for  per¬ 
manence  and  safety  with 
concrete 

Paste  coupon  on  a  postal. 

[~PORTLAND  CEMENT  ASSOCIATION^ 

[  Dept.  K3b-1 ,347  Madison  Ave.,  New  York,  N.Y.  | 

I  Please  send  me  free  of  charge,  postpaid,  your  I 
I  book,  "Concrete  Improvements  Around  the  • 
I  Home.” 

I  Name _ _ _ I 


Address _ 


BE  SATISFIED 

In  remodelling  or  repairing  your 
home  be  sure  to  use  reliable  equip¬ 
ment  and  good  materials.  Patron¬ 
ize  American  Agriculturist  advertis¬ 
ers  and  you  will  be  satisfied. 


A  ROAD 

That  Goes  Two  Ways 

NORTHEAST  MARKETS  FOR 
NORTHEAST  PRODUCERS  is 
a  double  duty  page  in  American 
Agriculturist.  It  carries  mess¬ 
ages  two  ways,  two  directions. 

THE  FIRST  WAY 

It  brings  to  you  a  big  field,  not 
of  hay  or  grain,  or  corn  or  beans, 
or  cabbage  or  what  have  you, — 
but  a  big  field  of  FOLKS,  .... 
Folks  who  are  in  the  market  to 
buy  a  cow  or  a  horse,  or  pigs, 
or  sheep,  or  chickens,  or  some¬ 
thing  YOU  may  have  to  sell. 

THE  SECOND  WAY 

It  is  a  direct  road.  This  message 
carrier  travels  to  over  190,000 
readers  with  your  message.  It 
goes  to  a  select  group,  —  people 
who  are  in  the  same  business 
you  are  in,  use  the  same  equip¬ 
ment,  and  may  want  to  buy 
whatever  you  have  for  sale. 
Advertise  in  this  page  and  know 
you  are  reaching  a  select  group, 
what  is  called  in  advertising 
lingo  “Complete  Coverage”.  For 
details  about  it  write, 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST, 

Advertising  Dept., 

Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


7 Ite  2uedtian  fiax, 

-  —  - —  — -  —  ■  —  .  ■ 


MEADOWS 

I  have  several  fields  on  my  farm  where 
the  timothy  and  sweet  clover  are  fairly 
heavy.  I  wish  to  use  these  fields  for 
pasturing  sheep  this  coming  summer. 
Would  it  help  to  scatter  superphosphate, 
and  how  much  per  acre  would  you  recom¬ 
mend?  How  is  it  best  applied? 

I  suggest  that  you  scatter  600 
pounds  of  superphosphate  per  acre  on 
these  fields  if  they  have  not  had  an 
application  of  superphosphate  or  fer¬ 
tilizer  in  the  past  five  years.  If  they 
have,  300  pounds  would  be  enough. 
This  can  be  applied  with  a  grain  drill, 
using  the  fertilizer  attachment. 

LADINO 

On  a  field  growing  timothy  and  sweet 
clover,  would  it  be  wise  to  broadcast 
some  Lading  as  soon  as  the  ground  starts 
to  thaw  in  the  spring? 

This  may  be  advisable  if  the  fertility 
of  the  soil  is  fairly  high  and  if  the 
stand  is  thin.  We  would  not  advise 
seeding  Ladino,  wild  white  clover,  or 
any  other  legume  on  the  surface  of  a 
thick  sod. 

— a.  a. — 

HOG  PASTURES 

We  plan  to  grow  some  hogs  this  year. 
Can  I  put  them  in  the  pasture  along 
with  sheep?  What  type  of  pasture  is 
best  for  hogs? 

Hogs  should  not  be  turned  into  pas¬ 
ture  with  ewes  that  have  small  Iambs. 
If  you  do  not  have  lambs  in  the  pas¬ 
ture,  the  ewes  will  take  care  of  them¬ 
selves.  Eight  pounds  of  rape  seed  per 
acre,  or  eight  pounds  of  rape  plus  one 
bushel  of  oats,  make  a  good  pasture 
for  hogs.  Of  course,  if  you  have  a 
good  permanent  grass  pasture,  that 
will  be  all  right  and  will  save  you  the 
expense  of  growing  an  annual  crop. 

— a.  a. — 

CONSERVE  MANURE 

How  much  plant  food  does  a  ton  of 
average  farm  manure  carry,  and  how 
much  more  valuable,  ton  for  ton,  is 
chicken  manure  than  cow  manure? 

An  average  ton  of  manure  will  con¬ 
tain  10  lbs.  of  nitrogen,  5  lbs.  of  phos¬ 
phoric  acid,  and  10  lbs.  of  potash.  It 
is  about  equivalent  to  100  lbs.  of  a  fer¬ 
tilizer  with  an  analysis  of  10-5-10.  The 
addition  of  50  lbs.  of  superphosphate 
to  a  ton  will  make  it  equivalent  to  167 
lbs.  of  6-9-6  fertilizer. 

Poultry  manure  contains  much  1ess 
water  than  cow  manure.  A  ton  of  it 
will  contain  nearly  twice  as  much 
nitrogen,  about  three  times  as  much 
phosphoric  acid,  and  slightly  less  pot¬ 
ash.  It  is  a  good  idea,  also,  to  add 
superphosphate  to  poultry  manure. 

— a.  a.  — 

DRYING  OFF  A  COW 

When  is  it  safe  to  dry  off  a  cow?  By 
that,  I  mean  what  is  the  maximum  dairy 
production  she  can  have  and  still  make 
it  safe  to  stop  milking  her? 

You  can  safely  stop  milking  any  cow 
that  is  not  producing  over  10  lbs.  a 
day.  It  isn’t  safe,  however,  to  neglect 
drying  off  a  cow  until  her  production 
comes  down  to  10  lbs.  because  that 
may  not  give  her  a  sufficient  rest 
period,  which  should  be  at  least  eight 
weeks. 

Give  cows  that  are  still  producing 
heavily  a  poor  quality  of  hay,  give 
them  grain  with  less  protein,  and,  if 
necessary,  even  cut  down  the  water 
supply  for  a  few  days.  Then  you  can 
begin  to  lengthen  the  time  between 
milkings,  milking  only  when  the  udder 
is  so  full  that  the  cow  is  uncomfort¬ 
able.  When  you  do  milk  her,  however, 
milk  her  out  clean.  It  won’t  be  long 


until  she  is  down  to  10  lbs.  a  day,  and 
then  you  can  stop  milking  entirely. 

Just  as  an  athlete  has  to  be  trained 
to  take  part  in  athletic  contests,  so 
cows  must  be  trained  to  prepare  them 
for  heavy  milk  production.  Primarily, 
this  means  giving  them  at  least  eight 
weeks  of  rest  and  feeding  them  so  they 
will  build  up  a  body  supply  of  miner¬ 
als,  fats,  and  vitamins.  • 

—  a.  a. — 

TREFOIL  INOCULANT 

Is  it  necessary  to  inoculate  Birdsfoot 
Trefoil,  and  if  so,  what  type  of  inoculant 
is  used? 

The  inoculant  used  for  Red  Clover, 
in  fact  for  any  common  legume  grown 
on  the  farm,  is  not  the  material  to 
use  for  Birdsfoot  Trefoil.  It  is  advised 
to  inoculate  this  crop  when  it  is  sown. 
There  are  several  companies  that 
manufacture  the  correct  inoculant.  We 
will  be  glad  to  send  a  list  of  these  on 
request. 

— a  a. — 

SOYBEANS  WITH  CORN 

In  planting  soybeans  with  corn  for 
silage,  how  can  I  manage  to  get  the  right 
proportion  when  I  plant?  If  you  mix  the 
seeds  together  in  the  seed  box,  the  soy¬ 
beans  all  rattle  to  the  bottom. 

There  are  several  ways  this  trouble 
can  be  handled.  In  the  past  s«">me 
manufacturers  have  made  double  box 
corn  planters.  The  soybeans  are  put 
in  one  box  and  the  corn  in  another, 
but  they  both  feed  into  the  same  row. 
You  may  not,  of  course,  be  able  to  get 
one  of  these  double  box  attachments 
at  this  time. 

The  second  way  is  to  put  headers 
into  the  seed  box  on  your  drill.  One 
is  put  in  close  to  each  end  and  two 
near  the  middle.  This  separates  your 
seed  box  into  five  compartments.  The 
two  at  the  end  and  the  one  in  the 
center  are  filled  with  corn,  the  other 
two  with  soybeans.  All  of  the  holes 
under  the  soybeans  are  then  stopped  up 
except  one  for  each  row,  and  the  hose 
from  this  one  is  put  into  the  hoe  which 
plants  the  corn.  In  this  way,  the 
beans  and  corn  are  kept  separate  until 
they  are  dropped  for  planting. 

The  third  way  is  this:  If  you  use 
a  corn  planter,  you  can  mix  the  corn 
and  soybeans  in  the  seed  box,  but  you 
will  have  to  stop  after  every  row  and 
mix  up  the  seed  so  that  the  soybeans 
do  not  all  rattle  to  the  bottom. 

— a.  a. — 

SOYBEAN  VARIETIES 

What  varieties  of  soybeans  are  advised 
in  New  York  State  for  growing  with 
corn  for  silage? 

The  varieties  recommended  are  late 
Manchu  (be  sure  not  to  get  early  Man- 
chu),  Dunfield,  Haberland,  Mandell, 
and  Illini.  These  are  the  varieties  that 
are  grown  for  grain  in  the  Corn  Belt. 
They  will  not  mature  seed  in  New  York 
State,  but  they  do  make  a  good  growth 
when  mixed  with  com  for  silage. 

—  a.  a. — 

RED  STELE  DISEASE 

How  long  will  the  Red  Stele  disease  of 
strawberries  live  in  the  soil? 

We  can’t  answer  that  question  defin¬ 
itely  but  it  is  usually  advised  that  fields 
which  have  grown  strawberries  with 
Red  Stele  disease  should  not  be  set  to 
strawberries  for  at  least  6  or  7  years. 
It  has  been  definitely  shown  that  straw¬ 
berry  plants  on  land  where  Red  Stele 
was  present  three  years  previous  con¬ 
tracted  the  disease.  The  only  satis¬ 
factory  control  that  has  been  worked 
out  is  to  get  healthy  plants  and  set 
them  on  ground  where  the  disease  has 
never  been  present. 


•  Right  from  the  start  us© 
Dr.  Salsbury's  Phen-O-Sal 
drinking  water  medicine  with  your  chicks! 
PHEN-O-SAL  tablets  give  double  duty — 

(1)  check  germ  growth  in  drinking  water, 

(2)  medicate  chick's  digestive  system.  Use 
Pheri-O-Sal  regularly. 

When  colds  threaten,  spray  your  chicks 
with  Dr.  Salsbury's  CAN-PHO-SAL. 

Buy  at  Dr.  Salsbury  dealers — hatcheries, 
drug  and  feed  stores— they 
are  members  of  Dr.  Sals¬ 
bury's  Nation-Wide  Poultry 
Health  Service!  DR.  SALS-  _  _ 

BURY'S  LABORATORIES, 

Charles  City,  Iowa. 


Remarkable  Results 

Raising  Baby  Chicks 

“Gentlemen :  I  have  been  using  Walko 
Tablets  for  35  years  with  splendid  re¬ 
sults.  I  would  not  think  of  trying  to 
raise  Baby  Chicks  without  them.  I  al¬ 
so  use  them  for  my  grown  birds  with 
the  same  satisfaction.”  —  Mrs.  C.'  M. 
Bradshaw,  Diagonal,  Iowa. 


You  Run  No  Risk 

Buy  a  package  of  Walko  Tablets  to¬ 
day  at  your  druggist  or  poultry  supply 
dealer.  Use  them  in  the  drinking  water 
to  aid  in  preventing  the  spread  of 
disease  through  contaminated  water. 
Satisfy  yourself  as  have  thousands  of 
others  who  depend  upon  Walko  Tablets 
year  after  year  in  raising  their  baby 
chicks.  You  buy  Walko  Tablets  at  our 
risk.  We  guarantee  to  refund  your 
money  promptly  if  you  are  not  entire¬ 
ly  satisfied  with  results.  The  Waterloo 
Savings  Bank,  the  oldest  and  strongest 
bank  in  Waterloo,  Iowa,  stands  back 
of  our  guarantee.  Sent  direct  postpaid 
if  your  dealer  cannot  supply  you.  Price 
50c,  $1.00,  $2.50  and  $4.00. 

Walker  Remedy  Company 
Dept.  400,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 


MERLE  E.  HOPKINS, 
Willimantic,  Connecticut. 


Mr.  Hopkins  has  become  a  substantial  citi¬ 
zen  in  Willimantic.  He  and  the  family 
take  an  active  part  in  church,  school  and 
community  activities.  He  is  proud  of  his 
many  years  of  service  with  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  and  writes  as  follows: 

“During  the  past  15  years  I  have  repre¬ 
sented  the  American  Agriculturist  in  the 
state  of  Connecticut.  This  has  given  me  the 
opportunity  of  making  many  friends  through¬ 
out  the  state,  and  particularly  with  the  fine 
group  of  people  who  represent  the  Com¬ 
pany.  It  has  always  been  a  genuine  pleasure 
to  represent  the  worthwhile  services  of 
American  Agriculturist.” 

Write  for  our  proposition 
to  salesmen  with  car. 

E.  C.  WEATHERBY,  Secretary, 
American  Agriculturist, 

Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


t 


Ai  nerican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


17 


(179) 


Wide-awake  hens  enjoying  a  noonday  snack  of  cabbage. 


AmumuIL  the.  cMe*UtcuiA& 


STILL  WINTER 

A  POULTRYMAN  said  to  me  the  oth- 
er  day,  "Its  not  the  big  things  that 
give  me  trouble  with  my  hens  but  the 
little  things  which  I  know  so  well  that 
I  forget  to  check  up  on  them.” 

You  know  it’s  still  winter  and  you 
know  that  heat,  cold,  and  very  dry  egg 
rooms  hurt  egg  quality  at  this  time  of 
year.  But  do  you  really  check  to  see 
that  eggs  don’t  get  chilled  in  the  nests, 
that  the  furnace  or  kitchen  stove  don’t 
heat  the  room  where  your  eggs  are 
held,  that  the  egg  room  doesn’t  get 
bone  dry,  that  eggs  are  not  chilled  on 
the  way  to  market? 

Any  market  man  will  tell  you  that 
there  is  a  winter  slump  in  quality  as 
well  as  a  summer  slump. 

Give  a  check  on  your  handling  of 
eggs  and  the  winter  quality  slump 
won’t  get  you. 

TO  WAYNE  CO.  FRIENDS 


Wayne  County  for  six  or  seven  years. 
In  this  time  I  made  friends  with  a  lot 
of  very  good  poultrymen. 

Boy,  have  they  been  giving  me  a 
going  over! 

In  the  issue  of  January  17,  I  men¬ 
tioned  a  number  of  Northeastern  mar¬ 
keting  cooperatives  which  have  had  a 
big  hand  in  improving  egg  quality  in 
this  section  of  the  country.  I  failed 
specifically  to  name  the  Wayne  County 
Association.  That  was  bad.  It  is 
really  a  serious  oversight  since  I  know 
that  this  group  was  the  first  to  take  a 
courageous  step  forward  in  placing 
quality  of  pack  right  at  the  top  of 
their  marketing  agreement  with  mem¬ 
bers.  They  did  this  knowing  that  it 
meant  fewer  members  and  slower 
growth.  But  they  felt  it  would  make 
a  solid  growth.  They  have  been  right. 

Now  I  guess  I  can  go  back  to  Wayne 
County  without  being  shot  for  a  fifth 
columnist. — J.  C.  Huttar. 


In  the  days  when  I  used  to  do  poul¬ 
try  culling  work  for  the  Farm  Bu¬ 
reaus  of  New  York  State,  I  worked  in 


FELL  SPEED  AHEAD 
FOR  POULTRYMEN 

Reports  from  readers  indicate 
that  fewer  than  the  usual  num¬ 
ber  of  Baby  chicks  are  being 
purchased.  The  reasons  given 
are  fears  that  the  government 
is  planning  permanently  to  with¬ 
draw  support  of  egg  prices;  that 
feed  prices  will  sky-rocket;  and 
that  we  will  be  faced  with  a  huge 
surplus  of  eggs  after  the  war. 

Right  now,  figures  show  a  good 
relationship,  for  this  time  of 
year,  between  egg  prices  and 
feed  prices,  and  there  is  every 
indication  that  the  government 
intends  to  continue  its  support  of 
egg  prices.  Egg  prices  are  now 
about  50%  higher  than  in  March 
1941,  and  a  dozen  eggs  will  buy 
about  two  pounds  more  feed 
than  a  year  ago.  Huge  quanti¬ 
ties  of  eggs  are  needed  by  our 
allies  and  there  is  little  doubt 
that  the  poultry  business  will  be 
profitable  for  some  years.  If 
conditions  should  become  un¬ 
favorable  after  the  war  is  won, 
poultrymen  can  reduce  their  op¬ 
erations  much  faster  than  some 
other  lines. 

H  ere  is  the  danger.  Many 
poultrymen  may  hold  off  buy¬ 
ing  chicks  now,  and  then  decide 
along  in  May  that  they  want 
them,  only  to  find  that  there  are 
none  to  be  had. 

Buy  your  baby  chicks  now. 


—  A.  A.— 

ECONOMY 


Heavy-producing  hens  eat  less  feed 
per  dozen  eggs  than  those  with  low 
production.  Here,  for  example,  are 
some  figures  from  egg  laying  contests 
in  Maryland. 


Av.  Egg  Produc¬ 
tion  per  bird 
127 
156 
185 
214 
243 


Ebs.  Feed  Per 
Doz.  Eggs 
5.96 
5.80 
5.10 
4.57 
4.20 


This  information  is  timely  because 
it  shows  that  the  extra  few  cents  for 


baby  chicks  with  high-producing  an¬ 
cestry  is  a  good  investment. 


— a.  a. — 

SELLING  COCKERELS 

How  do  hatcheries  dispose  ot  cockerels 
when  they  sell  sexed  chicks? 


In  some  cases  these  are  sold  to  men 
who  are  raising  broilers.  This  is  par¬ 
ticularly  true  in  heavy  breeds.  Other 
hatcheries  destroy  the  cockerels  as 
soon  as  they  have  been  picked  out. 
They  feel  that  there  is  less  loss  this 
way  than  in  trying  to  sell  them. 

Unfortunately  some  hatcheries  will 
sell  them  for  little  or  nothing  to  any¬ 
body  who  will  buy  them.  As  a  result, 
they  have  been  bought  this  way  and 
resold  to  poultrymen  on  the  claim  that 
they  were  straight-run  chicks  or  even 
sexed  pullets.  This  practice  makes  it 
( Continued  on  Page  18) 


t  UY  DEFENSE  BONDS 


She 


Can 


Help  Stop 
an  Enemy  Tank 


0  Food  is  one  of  the  big  weapons  without  which  war  —  and 
peace — cannot  be  won.  Eggs  and  poultry  meat  are  a  vital  part 
of  the  nation's  food  stores. 

The  job  you  do  in  starting  and  growing  this  Spring's  crop 
of  chicks  will  have  a  big  bearing  on  the  success  of  the. 
Government's  program  for  50  billion  eggs  in  1942. 

Feeding  a  good  starting  mash  is  the  most  important  single 
step  in  raising  vigorous  healthy  chicks  which  will  become 
dependable  layers  later  on. 

Most  good  starting  mashes  contain  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL  be¬ 
cause  it  furnishes  vitamin  A  potency,  protein  from  a  dependable 
and  economical  source  and  ability  to  produce  yellow  skin  color. 
(If  you're  raising  broilers  you  know  how  important  that  is.) 

Start  your  chicks  right  with  a  mash  containing  CORN  GLUTEN 
MEAL,  and  follow  through  later  with  growing  and  laying  mashes 
which  have  the  same  ingredient.  Look  for  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL 
on  the  list  of  ingredients  on  the  tag  or  bag  of  the  mash  you  buy^ 


CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL 


CORN  PRODUCTS  SALES  CO^ 
NEW  YORK  •  CHICAGO) 

DISTRIBUTORS  OF 

DIAMOND 

OLDEST  AND  BIGGEST 
SELLING  BRAND  00 


Protect  CHICKS  for  LIFE 

with  WEWE  LICENSED  VACCINES 


AGAINST  POX  ...3/4<  PER  BIRD 
TRACHEITIS. ,.2(  PER  BIRD 

INSURE  ¥OUR  FLOCK  at  a  cost 
Less  Than  a  Single  Egg  Per  Bird.  VAC¬ 
CINATE  at  proper  age  with  Weno 
Chick  Embryo  Origin  Vaccines  (U.  S. 

Veterinary  License  No.  209).  Fowl 
Tracheitis  Vaccine:  100  doses  $2.50; 

500  doses,  $10.  Fowl  Pox  Vaccine:  100  doses,  75c;  500  doses, 
$3.  FREE  BOOK  on  poultry  diseases  —  send  postcard.  ! 
Attractive  proposition  for  dealers. 

Wene  Poultry  Laboratories,  Dept*V-C4»  Vineland.  N.  J. 


ALL-STEEL  BATTERIES  AT 
LOW  FACTORY  PRICES 


Starter,  Broiler  and  Laying 
Batteries.  Wire  Fabrics  and 
other  poultry  equipment. 

Everything  for  the  poultry-*  A  ft A3?l 
man  at  money  saving  prices.  J,Q50 

a  _  for  BROILER  BATTERY! 


BUSSEY  PEN  PRODUCTS  CO..  51G3  W.  65  ST..  CHICAGO 


For  Your 

BUFFALO  HEADQUARTERS 

You’ll  want  a  hotel  that’s  friendly  .  .  .  . 
that’s  comfortable  ....  that’s  centrally 
located.  Stop  at  Hotel  Lafayette  —  the  ren¬ 
dezvous  of  experienced  travelers.  This  fine 
hotel  is  famous  for  comfort,  fine  foods — and 
moderate  prices.  Single  rooms,  $2.75  up; 
double,  $4.50  up.  Special  rates  for  4  or  more. 
Write  for  Folder  F-IO. 


^lAFAY  ETIE ! 

^  BUFFALO,  N.Y.  =-■ 

K  .  A.  .  KELLY  AA  A  fsl  A  G  E  R 


TOBACCO 


Wien  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


GUARANTEED,  best  chewing,  smoking  or  cigarette, 
five  pounds  $1.50,  ten  $2.50.  Pipe  and  box  cigars  fret, 
Pay  Postman.  A.  P.  FORD,  MAYFIELD.  KY. 


(180) 


18 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


OUR  GUARANTEE  You  need  have  no  hesitation  in  sending  money  to  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  baby  chick  advertisers.  If  they  fail  to  send  the  chicks  to  you, 
your  money  will  be  refunded  We  require  every  advertiser  to  stand  back  of  statements  made  in  the  advertisement.  Obviously  no  one  can  guarantee  that  chicks  will 

live.  To  take  advantage  of  our  guarantee  it  is  necessary,  when  writing  advertisers,  to  say.  “I  saw  your  advertisement  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST.” 


CLEAR  SPRING  CHICKS 


32  years  Breeding  experience.  We  have  been  satisfying  a  steady  growing 
list  of  prosperous  poultrymen  for  years.  All  Breeders  Blood  Tested. 

1942  CATALOG  FREE. 


V 


PULLETS  95%  GUARANTEED— 100%  LIVE  DELIVERY. 

LARGE  TYPE  ENGLISH  LEGHORNS - - - 

OUR  FAMOUS  HANSON  LEGHORNS  - 

RED-FACED  BLACK  SPANISH  MINORCAS  . . 

BARRED  AND  WHITE  ROCKS,  R.  I.  REDS - 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  REDS  AND  RED-ROCK  CROSS . 

CLEAR  SPRING  HATCHERY,  F.  B.  LEISTER.  Prop. 


STR.— 100 

PLTS.— 100 

ckls.—: 

.$  9.00 

$16.00 

$2.00 

_  10.00 

18.00 

2.00 

.  10.00  " 

17.00 

4.00 

.  10.00 

12.00 

9.00 

-  11.00 

14.00 

9.00 

BOX’ill,  McALISTERVILLE,  PA. 


CHICKS 


100%  LIVE  ARRIVAL  GUAR.  POSTPAID 

CASH  OR  C.  O.  D.  —  ORDER  FROM  AD. 
ALL  BREEDERS  BLOODTESTED 


Hatches  Every  Mon.  &  Thur.  100  Str.  Ru“  100  Pullets 

R.O.P.  SIRED  WHITE  LEGHORNS - $10.00  SJ8.00 

Large  English  White  Leghorns - --  9.00  6.00 

Bar.  Rox,  White  Rox,  R.  I.  Reds,  Wh.  Wyand.  10.00  2.50 

N.  H.  Reds,  Red-Rox  Cross  - —  '100  L5U 

Mixed  Chicks  of  all  Breeds  . —  8-U0  lu-uu 

SUNNY  SLOPE  HATCHERY, DEPT'  A - 


100  Cockerels 
$4.00 
3.00 
9.00 
10.00 
7.00 


Extra  Quality  Chicks 
bred  for  size  and 
egg  production.  Pullets 
guar.  90%.  Write 
for  FREE  Folder. 


THOMPSONTOWN.  PENNA. 


GUARANTEED^ 

w  A  ...  100%  Alive  Arrival  ^ 
...  90%  Accuracy  in  Sexing 

If  you  want  quick  service  and  fair 
dealing,  this  is  your  short  cut  to  sat- 
isfaction:  HAYES  BROS.  SUPREME 
CHICKS!  Here's  why:  Hayes  Bros.  Supreme  Chicks  are 
sturdy  and  profitable  (20  varieties  to  choose 
numerous  so  as  not  to  disappoint  you  (45,000  hatched 
daily) — to  suit  you  exactly  (sexed  or  non-sexed). 
Postpaid,  of  course.  We  have  a  FREE  catalog  for  you: 
send  penny  postal  saying  you  want  it! 

Hayes  Bros.  Hatchery,  111  Hayes  Bldg.,  Decatur,  III. 


HELMS  Egg-Line  CHICKS 


Improved  200-328  egg  R.O.P.  sires.  Leading 
breeds.  U.  S.  Approved,  pullorum  tested.  Cus¬ 
tomers  won  both  firsts,  Nat’l  chick  contest. 
World  record  Br.  Leghorn:  290  eggs:  3 1 7.-»5 
points.  Sexed  chicks.  Leading  Breeds.  Free  Catalog. 
ILLINOIS  HATCHERY,  Box  125,  Metropolis,  III. 


l  FREE! 


CHICK 

.JAlmahac _ - 

Has  115  pictures,  33  articles; 
lowest  prices  leading  breeds  chicks, 
^  also  day-old  pullets,  males  and  hybrids. 
World’s  largest  chick  producer.  COLONIAL. 
POULTRY  FARMS,  Box  653,  Marion,  Ohio. 


SQUABS 


do  -  it  -  with 

Royal  squabs  UP,  UP  in  city  mar 
kets.  Supply  low.  Why  breed  for  less  profit  trade 
when  this  LUXURY  poultry  (raised  in  25  days)  is  in 
active  demand?  FREE  BOOK  lias  personal  detailed 
accounts  bv  know-how  breeders.  It’s  helpful.  Write  for 
it  today.  RICE  FARM,  206  H.  St.,  MELROSE,  MASS. 


U.  S.  APPROVED  PROFIT-MAKERS 

State  inspectors  have  approved  the  health  and 
production  qualities  of  our  stock.  Every’  breeder, 
male  and  female,  has  been  officially  hloodtested 
for  pullorum  disease  (B.W.D.).  When  you  buy 
Sunnybrook  U.  S.  Approved  Chicks  you  are  as¬ 
sured  of  healthy,  vigorous  birds. 

ALL  POPULAR  BREEDS 

White  Leghorns  New  Hampshires 

White  and  Barred  Rocks  Cross  Breeds 

R.  I.  Reds  Sexed  Pullets  and  Cockerels 

Started  Chicks  Our  Specialty 

SEXED  PULLETS  BREEDS 

We  hatch  every  week  in  the  year  and  are  always 
able  to  supply  sexed  pullets  and  cockerels— guar¬ 
anteed  95%  true  to  sex. 

95  %  Livability  Guaranteed  Up  To 
Three  Weeks. 

Our  livability  Guarantee  is  only  the  beginning. 
This  hardy  Northern-grown  stock  will  give  you 
low  mortality  throughout.  Early  maturity  and 
high  average  flock  production  are  other  qualities 
that  we  have  bred  into  Sunnybrook  strain  during 
our  22  years  in  business. 

Write  Today  for  Catalog  and  Prices 

SUNNYBROOK  POULTRY  FARM 

A.  HOWARD  FINGAR,  Owner  and  Mgr. 
BOX  A,  HUDSON,  NEW  YORK 


VIM-VIGOR-VITALITY 


To  profit  by  our  guarantee,  be  sure  to 
mention  American  Agriculturist  when  you 
write  to  advertisers. 


CASH  OR  C  O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Ckls. 

SPECIAL  MATING  HANSON  STR.  100 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS - $10.00 

Large  English  S.  C.  Wh.  Leghorns  9.00 
Bar.  &  Wh.  Rocks,  R.  I.  Reds__.  10.00 
Red-Rock  Cross,  Rock-Red  Cross—  11.00 
N  Hampshire  Reds  (Special  AAA)  13.00 
Heavy  Mixed  $8.-100.  Heavy  Broiler  Ckls. 
tion)  $8.-100.  All  Breeders  Blood  Tested 
Sexing  guaranteed  95%  accurate.  Order 
adv  or  write  for  FREK  actual  photo  catalog  giving  lull 
information  of  our  Breeders  and  Breeding  Program. 
Chester  Valley  Hatchery,  Box  A,  McAlisterville, 


100 

100 

$18.00 

$4.00 

16.00 

3.00 

12.00 

9.00 

14.00 

9.00 

17.00 

10.00 

i.  (our 

selec- 

.  Post 

-Paid. 

direct 

from 

Pa. 


MovingO 

If  YOU  ARE,  you  I 

will  want  the  address  on  I 
your  paper  changed.  On 
a  postal  card  or  by  letter  # 
write  us  your  old  and 
your  new  address. 

CIRCULATION  DEPARTMENT, 

10  North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


■sw 


r.  & 
Mix 


100%  del.  CashorC.O.D.  UNSEX.  PLTS.  CKLS. 
(Pullets  Guar.  95%)  100  100  100 

Hanson  Special  Wh.  Leg  $8.00  $16.00  $3.00 

or  Eng.  Wh.  Leg -  7.50  15.00  2.50 

Wh  Box,  R.  1.  Reds -  9.00  10.00  9.00 

$7.’  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Free  Cir.  Postpaid. 


NIEMOND’S  POULTRY  FARM  &  HATCHERY, 

Niemnnrl.  Box  A.  MCALISTERVILLE.  PA. 


TOM  BARRON  CHICKS 


We  are  direct  importers  of  Barron  Leghorns. 

_ Large  Hens  mated  with  R.O.P.  Males.  Low 

■ice  on  Chicks  and  95%  Pullets  Cockerels  $2-50-100. 
ORTH  SIDE  POULTRY  FARM.  Box  A,  Richfield.  Pa. 


# 


’UICVC  S.  C.  White  Leghorns,  New  Hampshires 
,nlLft.O  and  Barred  Rocks,  10c:  Corni-Rocks.  12c; 
exed  Leghorn  Pullets,  15c.  Guar.  95%.  All  State 
Hood  Tested  and  Supervised  Flocks.  Circular  FREE. 

'  L.  BEAVER.  Box  A,  MCALISTERVILLE,  PA. 

TOM  BARRON  WHITE  LEGHORNS. 
HIGHEST  QUALITY.  LOWEST  PRICES. 
OM  BARRON  LEG.  FARM.  Box  A,  RICH  FIELD,  PA. 


DAY  OLD  AND  STARTED  CHICKS.  Bloodtested 
Breeders.  Write  for  our  1942  prices.  Prompt  shipment. 
ROSELAWN  CHICK  FARM,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


TOM  BARRON  WHITE 


CHICKS:  SURPRISINGLY  LOW 

WHITE  LEGHORN  FARMS.  Box  A, 


LEGHORNS. 
PRICES. 
RICHFIELD,  PA. 


(Continued  from  Page  17) 

particularly  necessary  for  buyers  to 
know  the  source  of  chicks  and  not  to 
buy  from  strangers  who  peddle  around 
the  country. 

—a.  a.  — 

SAVE  ON  FEED  COSTS 

Thousands  of  New  York  State  farm¬ 
ers  are  buying  feed  wheat  which  has 
been  released  by  the  Government  at 
a  price  which  saves  several  dollars 
per  ton. 

Page  13  of  the  February  14  issue  of 
the  American  Agriculturist  carried 
full  information  about  this. 

100,000,000  bushels  of  wheat  were 
released  by  the  Government  and  at 
least  5,000,000  bushels  of  this  can 
profitably  be  used  in  the  Northeast. 

It  is  important  to  act  now.  See 
your  feed  dealer,  your  County  Agri¬ 
cultural  Conservation  Agent  or  write 
direct  to  Allen  Sawyer,  Commodity 
Credit  Corporation,  208  So.  LaSalle 
St.,  Chicago,  Ill.  Members  of  Congress 
from  western  states  are  objecting  to 
this  program,  and  there  is  a  possibility 
that  the  sale  of  this  wheat  may  be  dis¬ 
continued. 

— a.  a. — 

BURN  DEAD  HE  AS 

What  is  the  best  way  to  dispose  of 
dead  hens? 

A  good  many  poultrymen  have  an 
incinerator  where  they  can  burn  dead 
hens,  which  is  the  surest  way  to  avoid 
spread  of  disease.  An  incinerator  can 
be  made  easily  from  an  old  oil  drum 
stood  on  end.  A  hole  is  cut  near  the 
bottom  for  fuel  and  draft,  and  holes 
are  punched  about  half  way  up  the 
barrel  through  which  iron  rods  are  put 
to  form  a  grate.  Dead  hens  are  put  on 
the  grate  and  burned. 

—  a.  a. — 

NO  FEATHERS 

Why  do  some  chicks  fail  to  feather  out 
as  they  should? 

The  cause  may  be  hereditary,  but 
faulty  management  is  more  likely. 
Chicks  which  are  crowded,  kept  too 
warm,  or  with  humidity  too  low  are 
usually  slow  in  feathering.  Corrections 
are  to  give  chicks  plenty  of  room  (at 
least  a  square  foot  to  each  three  chicks 
at  the  start  and  double  this  when  they 
are  about  four  weeks  old);  and  lower 
temperature  about  five  degrees  each 
week.  Where  chicks  are  kept  under  a 
hover,  low  humidity  is  usually  the 
least  serious  problem. 

— a.  a. — 

GRAY  EYES 

I  have  heard  that  gray  eyes  are  un¬ 
desirable  in  hens.  Is  this  true? 

Yes,  there  is  excellent  evidence  to 
show  that  gray  eyes  are  a  sign  of 
weakness.  It  is  particularly  important 
that  all  birds  showing  this  character¬ 
istic  should  be  culled  out  of  breeding 
flocks.  Chicks  raised  from  them  are 
likely  to  show  a  high  mortality  before 
their  first  year  of  production  is  fin¬ 
ished. 

— a.  a. — 

HATCHING  EGGS 

How  long  is  it  safe  to  hold  hatching 
eggs  before  they  are  incubated? 

Experiments  show  that  hatchability 
decreases  rather  rapidly.  Two  weeks 
is  about  the  limit  which  they  should 
be  held,  and  ten  days  is  better.  Hatch- 


REDBI RD 


Mass.  State  Pullorum 
TESTED  BREEDERS 


Maintained  an  Our  Own  300  Acre  Farm. 

98%  LIVABILITY  GUARANTEED 
on  CHICKS  FIRST  4  WEEKS 

This  year,  when  the  need  for  food  is  so  urgent,  buy 
Chicks  that  are  INSURED  to  live.  For  the  13th  year, 
we  Guarantee  98%  Livability  on  all  Champion, 
Grade-A  and  Grade-B  Chicks.  Only  chicks  of  excep¬ 
tional  vitality  and  hardihood  could  be  so  guaranteed. 
Delighted  customers  are  continually  reporting 
3-Lb.  Broilers  at  10  Weeks 
50%  Production  of  24-oz.  Eggs  from  6-month  Pullets. 
RHODE  ISLAND  REDS — Our  original  strain. 

State  Contest  Records  up  to  334  Eggs. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRES— Blend  of  foremost  New 
England  strains,  selected  for  two  years. 
ROCK-RED  CROSS— For  Barred  Broilers 
and  Roasters. 

RED-ROCK  SEX  LINK  CROSS— For  Dark  Pullets. 

BARRED  COCKERELS,  Sex  Separated. 
BARRED  ROCKS- Hacked  by  high  egg  records. 
WHITE  LEGHORNS— Large  type,  large  eggs. 
SEXED  CHICKS— 95%  Accuracy  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  Free  Catalog  and  Price  List. 

REDBIRD  FARM,  Wrentham,  Mass. 

World's  Largest  R.  I.  Red  Breeding  Farm. 


ON  DUTY  FOR 

DEFENSE 

Thousands  of  farms  are  stock¬ 
ing  Kerr's  Lively  Chicks  to 
meet  the  nation's  challenge:  10%  more  eggs 
and  meat  for  America's  defense! 

Why  do  so  many  poultry  raisers  prefer 
Kerr's  Lively  Chicks  in  this  emergency? 

Here's  why!  For  34  years  Kerr  Chicker- 
ies,  Inc.,  has  bred  chicks  that  live,  thrive 
and  grow.  Annual  culling,  banding  and 
blood-testing  of  the  120.000  Kerr  breeders 
have  made  Kerr  Chicks  famous 
for  livability,  vitality  and  pro¬ 
ductivity.  And  available  are 
all  popular  breeds,  crosses 
and  sexed  White  Leghorns. 

Write  today  for  free  literature 
and  advance  order  discount  otter 

KERR  CHICKERIES 

21  RAILROAD  AVE.,  FRENCHTOWN,  N.  J. 
There's  a  branch  office  near  you— call  today 

NEW  JERSEY:  Jamesburg,  Paterson,  Woodbury; 
NEW  YORK:  Binghamton.  Blue  Point,  L.  I..  East 
Syracuse.  Kingston,  Middletown,  Schenectady; 
PENNSYLVANIA:  Dunmore,  Lancaster.  Lewistown; 
MASS.:  West  Springfield;  CONN.:  Danbury;  DEL¬ 
AWARE  :  Selbyville.  (Address  Dept.  21) 


-*£tULSH  farm;  chick/H 


ravavV, 

All  Breeders  carefully  culled  & 

Blood  Tested.  Order  direct  from 
«  ad.  or  write  for  our  new  catalog. 

Satisfaction  and  safe  arrival  guaranteed. 

Shipments  Mon.  &  Thurs.—  Unsex’d  Pul’ts  C’k’ls 

Will  Ship  C.O.D.  100  100  100 

White  or  Brown  Leghorns - $9.00  $16.00  $3.50 

Black  or  Buff  Leg.,  Anconas -  9.50  17.00  4.50 

Bar.  White  or  Buff  Rocks -  9.50  13.00  8.50 

Wh.  Wyand.  R.  I.  Reds.  N.  Hamps.  9.50  13.00  8.00 

Red-Rocks,  Rock-Red  Cross -  9.50  13.00  9.50 

SPECIAL  GRADE  A  MATINGS 

White  &  Black  Leghorns - - .12.00  20.00  4.50 

Bar.  Rocks  &  New  Hampshires _ 13.50  1  7.00  11.00 

Sexing  guaranteed  95%  correct.  Our  21st  year. 

ULSH  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A,  Port  Trevorton.  Pa. 


NACE’S  QUALITY  CHICKS 


We  pay  postage.  Safe  delivery  guaranteed. 
HANSON  OR  ENGLISH  LARGE  100  100  100 

TYPE  WHITE  LEGHORNS  Unscxed  Pits  Ckls 

R. O.P.  SIRED  _ _ $9  00  $16.00  $2.00 

S.  C.  Everpay  Br.  Leghorns _  9.00  16.00  2.00 

Bar.  and  White  Rocks -  10.00  14.00  7.00 

N.  H.  and  R.  I.  Reds -  10.00  14.00  7.00 

Wh.  Wyand.  and  Buff  Orps -  11.00  15.00  8.00 

Heavy  Mixed  _  8.00  10.00  6.00 

From  Free  range  Flocks.  Sexed  Pullets  Guar.  95% 

accurate.  Order  from  ad  or  write  for  Catalog. 

J.  N.  NACE  POULTRY  FARM  &  HATCHERY, 
Box  A,  RICHFIELD,  PENNSYLVANIA. 


BURROM  itCHOSH- 

CHICKS 


Your  Chicks  MUST  be  good  this  year! 
Don’t  take  chances.  Clauser  chicks  are  from 
•ge  size,  heavy  production  Barron  English  S.  C.  W. 
ghorns.  Hens  weigh  up  to  7  lbs.  Mated  with  R.O.P. 
digreed  Cockerels.  Extra  quality  chicks  from  Blood-test- 
healthy.  vigorous  selected  stock.  Straight  run,  sexed 
llets  or"  cockerels.  Write  for  price  list  and  catalog. 


TARBELL  FARMS  WHITE  LEGHORN  BABY  CHICKS. 

Breeders  carefully  selected  for  size,  production  and 
health.  Pullorum  test  negative.  Kimber  strain. 

TARBELL  FARMS,  SMITHVILLE  FLATS,  N.  V. 


Rr  AMTHNAS  Eoos  and  Chicks.  GEORGE 
.  C.  ANLUiTAd,  FAIRBANK,  McGraw,  N.  Y. 


At  terican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


19  (181) 


OUR  GUARANTEE.  You  need  have  no  hesitation  in  sending  money  to  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  baby  chick  advertisers  If  they  fail  to  send  the  chicks 
your  money  will  be  refunded.  We  require  every  advertiser  to  stand  back  of  statements  made  in  the  advertisement.  Obviously  no  one  can  guarantee  that  chicks 
live.  To  take  advantage  of  our  guarantee  it  is  necessary,  when  writing  advertisers,  to  say,  "I  saw  your  advertisement  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST.’ 


In  spite  of  rising  feed  prices, 
you  can  still  keep  your  pro¬ 
duction  on  a  profitable  level — and  here’s  how. . . 
Stretch  your  feed  dollars.  Let  Hall’s  Chicks 
convert  your  feed  into  more  eggs  or  more 
pounds  of  meat — hence,  at  a  lower  feed  cost 
per  unit. 

Our  breeding  and  sanitation  program  assures 
you  of  receiving  vigorous,  healthy,  disease 
free  chicks  that  will  grow  rapidly  and  eco¬ 
nomically  and  produce  more  eggs  or  meat,  re¬ 
sulting  in  more  profits  for  you.  All  Hall 
Chicks  are  from  Pullorum  Free  Stock. 

Don’t  be  misled  by  extrava¬ 
gant  claims.  Get  your  chicks 
from  a  source  that  has  speci¬ 
alized  in  producing  PROFIT¬ 
ABLE  CHICKS  for  over  thirty 
years.  Our  catalog  will  help 
you  decide  whose  chicks  are 
best.  SEND  FOR  YOUR 
COPT  TODAY. 

NO*  }  WELL  BRED  /***  WELL  BREEDERS 


HALL  BROTHERS  HATCHERY ,  INC. 

BOX  5  9  .  WALLINGFORD.  CONN. 


LEMENTSS 

HICKS 


Box  A 


Sugar  Loaf,  New  York 


CONTENT  FARMS 

“  S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS  W 

For  past  3  years  our  pens  at  Central  N.  Y.  Laying 
Contest  have  led  all  pens  all  breeds  in  combined  pro¬ 
duction  and  livability.  We  had  high  Leghorn  pen  at 
Farmingdale  Contest  1941.  Order  now  for  1942  delivery. 
Write  today  for  advance  price  list  and  catalog. 
CONTENT  FARMS,  BOX  A,  CAMBRIDGE.  N.  Y. 


WHITE  LEGHORNS 

_  LARGE  TYPE  BREEDERS  MAT- 

nonnKSlDE  ED  W|TH  hanson  r.  o.  p. 

AiWUlkJaw*  PEDIGREED  COCKERELS 

rrom  hens  with  records  of  390 
eggs  and  over.  Also  llarred  Rocks, 
White  Rocks  and  New  Ilamp 
shires.  Day  Old  and  Started  Chicks, 
4  week  old  Pullets.  Price  list  and  Booklet  Free. 

BROOKSIDE  POULTRY  FARM 

E.  C.  BROWN,  Prop.,  Box  A,  Sergeantsville,  N.  J. 


BARRON 

LEGHORN 

CHICKS 


Y  from  high  record  trapnested, 
bloodtested  stock:  imported  and 
bred  this  strain  for  27  years.  Sex- 
ed  or  Unsexed  chicks.  Free  circular. 

,  DAVID  M.  HAMMOND, 

A  Rt.  3,  Cortland,  N.  Y. 


BJ  ■  ■  _  HT  C  C  I  e  m  -  Cross 

mi*v»  lfe?-iin,i)e,[i 

baby  pullets 
are  reaching  wide  popularity! 
because  of  their  profit-abilities. 

So  are  CLEMENTS’  Reds,  Barred  and _ 

White  Rocks  and  Clem-Rock  cross  chicks.  Bred  right. 
Maine-U.  S.  Pullorum  clean.  Catalog  tells  about  co¬ 
operative  savings  plan.  Write  today. 

CLEMENTS  BROS.  FARMS 
Box  24  Winterport,  Maine 


Introducing 

ROCK  REDCROSS-BRED 

Chicks  (from  the  best  of  both  breeds) 

—Excellent  for  broiler  raisers  or  egg 
producers.  State  tested,  pullorum  passed.  Same 
careful  breeding  as  Douglaston  Manor  Farm  R.  I. 

Reds — long  famous  for  high  produc¬ 
tion,  livability,  early  matur¬ 
ity,  non-broodiness,  large 
body  and  egg  size.  Both  Reds 
and  Crossbreds  are  available 
Sexed  or  Straight  Run.  Write 
for  catalog  and  prices  todav! 
DOUGLASTON  MANOR  FARM,  R.D.I,  PULASKI,  N.Y. 


U.  $.  R.  0.  P.  Sired  Chicks 

White  leghorns;  New  Hampshire  Reds: 
Barred  Bocks;  Barred  Cross.  Bred  to 
live.  100%  satisfaction  guaranteed. 
All  breeds  officially  bloodtested.  Chicks 
guaranteed  free  from  Pullorum. 

Write  for  Illustrated  Catalog. 

Van  Duzer  Poultry  Farm 


ing  eggs  should  be  turned  daily  while 
held,  and  they  should  be  kept  in  a 
cool  place  where  the  humidity  is  high. 

— a.  a. — 

SPROUTING  OATS 

What  temperature  is  necessary  in  a 
room  where  oats  are  sprouted  for  chick¬ 
ens?  How  can  mold  be  prevented? 

The  temperature  should  be  between 
60  and  70  degrees.  Oats  do  not  sprout 
well  below  60  degrees  F.  Mold  on 
sprouted  oats  can  be  prevented  by 
soaking  oats  in  lukewarm  water  to 
which  a  teaspoonful  of  40%  formalin 
has  been  added  for  each  6  quarts  of 
water. 

— a.  a. — 

GIVE  CHICKS  ROOM 

K 

How  many  baby  chicks  can  we  put  in 
a  brooder  house  w'hich  is  12  feet  square? 

Such  a  brooder  house  would  hold  300 
baby  chicks  until  they  weigh  about 
half  a  pound  apiece.  Before  they  reach 
a  one-pound  weight,  this  number 
should  be  reduced  to  about  half  or  the 
space  given  them  should  be  doubled. 
One  way  to  double  space  is  to  let  them 
outdoors,  either  on  the  ground  or  on 
wire  sunporches.  Usually  the  worst 
sin  in  the  way  of  crowding  chicks  is 
not  putting  too  many  baby  chicks  in  a 
house,  but  allowing  them  to  become 
crowded  as  they  grow  older. 

On  the  basis  of  weight,  the  best 
rule  to  follow  is  never  to  allow  over 
iy2  pounds  of  live  weight  for  each 
square  foot  of  floor  space. 

— a.  a. — 

REAS  LAY  MORE  EGGS 

Average  egg  production  per  hen  has 
been  increased  steadily.  Cost  account 
records  kept  by  New  York  farmers  in 
cooperation  with  the  College  of  Agri¬ 
culture  show  that  average  egg  pro¬ 
duction  from  1915  to  1920  was  93  eggs 
per  hen.  From  1921  to  1930,  the  aver¬ 
age  production  jumped  to  116;  from 
1931  to  1934,  to  134;  and  from  1935  to 
1939,  to  152. 

During  this  time,  the  amount  of  feed 
per  hen  increased  but  the  amount  of 
feed  per  dozen  eggs  decreased.  Due  to 
larger  flocks  and  improved  practices, 
the  amount  of  labor  necessary  to  pro¬ 
duce  a  dozen  eggs  was  reduced  29%. 

At  first  thought,  it  would  seem  that 
poultry  keeping  would  be  far  more 
profitable  than  it  was  in  1915,  but  the 
fact  is  that  the  benefits  of  this  increas- 
ed  efficiency  have  mostly  gone  to  con¬ 
sumers — a  fact  which  amply  justifies 
the  use  of  public  funds  for  research  by 
colleges  and  experiment  stations.  Pro¬ 
ducers  are  helped,  too,  especially  those 
who  are  always  just  a  step  or  two 
ahead  of  the  field. 

— a.  a. — 

MOTH  RALLS  FOR  RATS 

Seeing  your  item  “Rats  Are  Smart,” 
I  thought  I  would  write  you  about  my 
experience.  Moth  balls  cleaned  the 
rats  out  for  me,  and  I  had  plenty  of 
them.  Wherever  I  found  a  rat  hole,  I 
would  put  in  two  or  three  balls,  cover 
the  hole  with  some  lightweight  stuff, 
such  as  rags,  to  help  keep  the  smell  in 
and  yet  let  the  rat  find  its  way  out  or 
in  if  that  were  his  wish.  They  soon 
cleared  out.  You  may  have  to  do  it  a 
few  times.  Watch  the  holes,  and  if 
they  are  opened,  put  in  fresh  balls  and 
close  up  again. — Mrs  A.  M.  Holger- 
son ,  New  York. 


WKME  RO.R 

VTEI1B  SIRED 


DAY-OLD^  STARTED  MICKS 

BIG  SAVINGS  on  EARLY  ORDERS 

Wene  R.O.P.  Sired  clucks  insured  thru  first  14 -Day 
Danger  Period  -  any  loss  replaced  FULLY  without 
charge.  More  2-to-5-year-old  HEN  BREEDERS  head¬ 
ed  by  200  to  314  Egg  Official  Record  pedigreed  R.O.P. 
Sires  than  any  other  Eastern  plant.  U.S.N.J.  APPROV¬ 
ED.  Hatches  year  ’round.  Capacity  1,800,000  eggs.  All 
popular  pure  or  crossbreeds.  BLOODTESTED.  Credit, 
if  desired.  Write  today  for  FREE  CATALOG. 


BREEDS 

WENEcross  Hybrids: 

Leghorn-Minoroas 
Wyan- Rocks;  Bram- 
Rocks;  REDrocks, 
Leghorns  or  Wyan- 
dottes;  Barred  orWh. 
Rocks;  R.l.  Reds;  B! 
or  Wh.  Giants;  New 
Hampshire  Reds. 


WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  Dept.  C-4,  VINELAND,  N.  1. 


JUNIATA  LEGHORNS 


Our  28th  year  of  breeding  JUNIATA  LEGHORNS.  Our 
foundation  Breeders  direct  from  TOM  BARRON.  They  are 
large  birds  and  bred  for  eggs  and  more  eggs.  Before  order¬ 
ing  your  chicks  be  sure  to  write  hs  for  our  large  Circular  showing  pictures  of  our  farm  and  breeders — a 
postal  card  will  bring  this  to  you.  Prices  exceptionally  low.  Day  Old  Pullets  a  specialty.  Write  NOW. 

JUNIATA  POULTRY  FARM  Box  A,  RICHFIELD,  PENN. 


WHITSaOCK 

bABY  *  4  *  PER 

■  too 

*7 


bABY 

H  CHICKS  .  , 

EGGS  FOR  $  7  per 

"  HATCHING . .  ?  /  m  (OO 

Special  Price  on  LARGE  ORDERS 

S  All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100% 

■  State  Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube  Agglut.  TOL- 
MAN’S  CHICKS  famous  for  RAPID  GROWTH. 
EARLY  MATURITY.  Profitable  EGG  YIELD 

S  Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters  or 
market  eggs.  Send  for  FREE  Circular. 
Kf  J  J’.’l  r#  1  SPECIALIZE  ONE  BREED,  ONE 
GRADE  at  ONE  PRICE. 

Dept.  B. 

ROCKLAND 

MASS. 


TO  L  MAX 


"/'At  CERTAINLY  PROUD 

mows 

i  NEW  H AMPSHIRES" 


Moul’s  Chicks  are  better-bred  for  low 
mortality,  quick  growth,  rapid  feather¬ 
ing.  heavy  egg  production  and  top 
quality  broilers.  15,000  N.  H.  Breeders 
— 100%  Pullorum  Clean.  No  Reactors.  Moul’s  New 
Hampshires  and  Cross-Breds.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
W7rite  for  New  Free  Catalog.  Tells  alL 

MOUL’S  BRENTWOOD  POULTRY  FARMS 

BOX  A,  EXETER,  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


SEXED  PULLETS 

R.  O.  P  SIRED 

Leghorns  -  New  Hampshires 
Rocks  -  Reds  -  Crossbreds 
Hatched  from  Pullorum  Clean  Breeders 

Guarantee  Protects  You.  Early  Order  Discount. 

Write  for  Catalog  and  Prices. 
TAYLOR’S  r.ATCHEKY,  Box  A,  LIBERTY,  N.  Y. 


CHERRY  HILL  CHICKS 


Twenty-Five  years  of  Breeding  and  Hatching  Experi¬ 
ence.  Assures  you  the  highest  quality.  Tested  for  B.W.D. 
Postage  Paid.  Catalog  FREE.  lave  Delivery. 

Pullets  Guar.  95%  Accurate.  Per  100  100  100 

BIG  R.O.P.  SIRED  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS  _ $  8.50  $16.00  $3.00 

White  or  Barred  Rocks _  9.50  13.00  8.00 

New  Hamps.  or  S.C.  R.  I.  Reds 10.50  15.00  7.00 

Less  than  100  add  lc  per  chick.  Also  Started  Chicks 
CHERRY  HILL  POULTRY  FARM. 

Wni.  Nace,  (Prop.)  Box  A,  McALIST E R V I LLE,  PA. 


Shellenberger’s  S.  C.  White  Leghorns 

Heavy  producers  of  large  White  eggs.  R.O.P. 
Sired  Chicks — Sexed  Pullets,  95%  Sex  guarantee 
— Day  Old  Cockerels.  Write  for  prices  and  Catalog. 
C.  M.  SHELLENBERGER’S  POULTRY  FARM 
Box  37,  Richfield,  Pa. 


HAMPTON’S  BLACK  LEGHORN  CHICKS 

Live,  Lay,  Pay,  Healthy.  Hardy,  Heavy  Layers  of  Large 
White  Eggs.  Free  of  disease  and  cannibalism.  Circular 

free.  A.  E.  HAMPTON.  Box  A.  PITTSTOWN.  N.  J. 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


Hatches  Mon.-Tues. -Wed.-Thurs.  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ $9.00  $16.00 

Black  or  White  Minorcas _ 9.00  16.00 

B.  &W.  Rox,  R.l.  Reds,  VV.Wy.  9.00  12.00 
Red-Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross-.  9.00  12.00 

Jersery  White  Giants _ 1 _ 11.00  14.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAA  SUP. )_I2.00  16.00 

Heavy  Mixed  $8.  HEAVY  BROILER  CKLS. 


$3.00 

3.00 

8.00 

8.00 

10.00 

8.00 

(OUR 


SELECTION)  $7.50.  Breeders  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D. 
100%  live  del.  Postage  Paid.  AMERICAN  SEXERS 
ONLY.  95%  Accuracy. 

C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


SHIRK’SQUALITY  CHICKS 

From  Blood  Tested  Breeders.  Electric  Hatched. 
PULLETS  GUARANTEED  95%  Unsex.  Pul’ts  Ckls. 

Will  Ship  Cash  or  C.O.D.  100  100  100 

Large  Type  White  Leghorns - $9.50  $17.00  $2.00 

Bar.  &  Wh.  Rocks,  R.  I.  Reds _ 10.00  13.00  9.00 

Red-Rock  &  Rock-Red  Cross _ 10.00  13.00  9.00 

New  Hampshire  Reds  (Direct) _ 12.00  17.00  9.00 

Heavy  Mixed  -  8.00  10.00  7.00 

We  specialize  in  one  grade  and  one  price  as  all  our 
breeders  are  bred  up  to  one  quality,  outstanding  size 
and  egg  production  Order  direct  from  ad  or  write  for 
FREE  Catalog  giving  full  information  of  our  breeders 
and  hatchery.  All  chicks  shipped  prepaid.  Guar.  100% 
live  delivery.  Hatches  Tuesdays  and  Thursdays. 
SHIRK’S  HATCHERY. 

H.  C.  Shirk,  Prop.,  Box  AA,  Route  2,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


# 


\rxtr&A 


QUALITY  CHICKS 


Hatches  Tuesdays  and  Thursdays.  Non-Sex  Pit’s  Ckl’s 
Pullets  95%  Accurate  guar.  Per  100  100  100 

Large  Type  White  Leghorns - $  9.50  $17.00  $3.00 

B.  &W7.  Rox,  R.  I.  Reds.  Rox-Red  Cr.  10.00  13.00  9.00 

Special  Bred  N.  H.  Reds -  13.00  17.00  9.00 

H.  Mix  $9.00-100.  100%  live  del.  P.  Paid.  All  Breeders 
BLOOD  TESTED.  Antigen  method.  Write  for  Free 
Catalog  with  actual  photos  of  our  Poultry  Plant. 

MCALISTERVILLE  HATCHERY,  , 

Edgar  C.  Leister,  Owner,  Box  20.  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


English  Black  Leghorns 

FOR  PROFIT 

Healthiest  breed,  no  pick-outs — 
no  paralysis.  Great  layers  of  big 
white  eggs,  as  broilers  dress  yel¬ 
low.  3000  Breeders  up  to  six 
years  old.  Chicks  and  eggs. 
Catalog  free.  Est.  1910. 

The  Keystone  Farms 

Box  87,  Richfield,  Pa. 


TURKEYS 


BRONZE  AND  WHITE  HOLLAND  POULTS,  the  best 
we  have  ever  produced.  Strong,  early  maturing,  broad¬ 
breasted.  Pullorum  free.  C.  H.  TIMERMAN’S  TUR¬ 
KEY  FARM,  LA  FARGEVILLE.  N.  Y.  Jefferson  Co. 

filial  ITV  Pnill  TQ  5  Best  Breeds.  Blood  Tested 
XU“U  I  I  r  UUL  I  O  Breeders.  Priced  Reasonable. 
Circular.  SEIDELTON  FARMS,  Washingtonville,  Pa. 


ESBENSHADE’S  Broad  Breasted  Bronze  and  White 
Hollands.  Choice  breeding  Toms,  Eggs.  Poults. 

ESBENSHADE  TURKEY  FARM,  RONKS,  PENNA. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


(182)  20 


Ar  erican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


NosdUeGAt  ManJaeti  NoAth&ciAt  Pto<iuceAA 


''American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page 


99 


HOLSTEIN 


Buy  Them  Young  and  Save  Money 

Your  next  Herd  Sire  from  one  of  our  Outstanding 
Show  Bulls.  Bred  for  production  too. 

Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  T“AEUBW„A«»,  "V5' 


DAIRY  COWS  HOLSTEINS^nd  GUERNSEYS 

Fresh  and  nearby.  Blood-tested. 

Frank  W.  Arnold,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE:  At  Farmer’s  Prices, 

sons  of  excellent  type  from  our  4%  “Invincible”  daugh¬ 
ters  sired  by  Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

Orchard  Hill  Stock  Farm,  FM0rt  piain.°NkY. 


FOR  SALE:  Holstein  Bull  Calves, 

sons  of  Commodore  Constance,  Dam  K.O.I.  Pauline 
made  1019  lbs.  fat,  28079  lbs.  milk;  was  N.  Y.  State 
Champion.  Out  of  high  producing,  excellent  type  dams 
backed  by  4%  test  dams.  At  farmers’  prices.  PAUL 
STERUSKY,  Sunnyhill  Dairy  Farm,  Little  Falls,  N.  Y. 


Two  Registered  Holstein  Bulls, 

YEARLING  AND  TWO  YEAR  OLD,  FROM  PROVEN 
SIRE  AND  HIGH  PRODUCING  DAMS. 
ACCREDITED  AND  BLOOD  TESTED. 

T.  J.  LONERGAN,  HOMER,  N.  Y. 


BULL  CALF,  Born  Sept.  26,  1941 

A  beautiful  calf  marked  %  white.  His  dam  a 
Jr.  2  yr.  old  daughter  of  “Cornell  Ollie  Blend.” 
famous  son  of  the  All  American  1152  fat  show  cow, 
Cornell  Ollie  Catherin.  This  calf  is  sired  by 
Cornell  Pride  28th,  giving  him  two  direct  crosses 
to  the  famous  All  Americas  Catherin  and  Pride. 

ESTATE  C.  C.  BENNETT 

MRS  JESSIE  A.  BENNETT,  Extrix., 

R.  2.  HOMER,  N.  Y. 


GUERNSEY 


TARBELL  FARMS  GUERNSEYS 

Federal  Accredited  —  360  HEAD  —  Negative 
YOUNG  BULLS  FOR  SALE.  CLOSELY  RELATED  TO 
Tarbell  Farms  Peerless  Margo  613193,  18501.4  lbs.  Milk. 

1013.3  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  3  Yr.  Old. 
Tarbell  Farms  Royal  Lenda  467961,  20508.9  lbs.  Milk. 
1109.0  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  4  Yr.  Old. 

TARBELL  FARMS 

Smithville  Flats,  New  York 


LAKE  DELAWARE  FARMS 

DELHI,  N.  Y.,  OFFERS  FOR  SALE 

REGISTERED  GUERNSEY  BULLS 

Ready  for  Light  Service.  Price  from  $100.00  up. 
Also  a  few  Heifers,  all  ages.  Apply  at  once. 


AYRSHIRE 


For  Sale:  Registered  Ayrshire  Bull  Calf 

5  MO  OLD.  SIRE  SAND  IE  YESS  AMBASSADOR. 
DAM  PRINCESS  BEATRICE  OF  ROSECROFT. 

HOLLYBROOK  FARM, 


- ^ - — - 

ran  CATF-  '  P-  B-  AYRSH  IRES;  cow,  grand- 
rUIv  OALiEi .  daughter  of  Lyonston  Douglas,  bred 
to  proven  sire,  to  freshen  in  May.  Two  bull  calves, 
sired  by  Woodhill  Star  Tony,  out  of  daughters  of  King 
Henry  Star  and  Lady’s  Leto  of  Sylvan  View.  Priced 
to  sell.  Approved  and  Blood  Tested.  ROBERT  C. 
SUTER,  131  Blair  St.,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.Y. 


ABERDEEN -ANGUS 


Our  herd  sire  was  Grand  Champion  at  New  York, 
Kansas  and  Missouri  State  Fairs,  and  1st  prize  at  Iowa 
and  Indiana.  Now  offering  bull  calves  and  bred  heifers. 
Also  Registered-Certified  Lenroc  Seed  Oats  and  Seneca 
Soybeans. 

C.  C.  TAYLOR,  Lawtons,  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE: 

Aberdeen-Angus  Cows  and  Heifers. 

Purebreetl  and  commercial. 

Alfred  Boerries,  Southbury,  Conn. 


HEREFORD  —  ANGUS 

EVERYTHING  IN  REGISTERED  AND 
COMMERCIAL  BREEDING  STOCK. 

West  Acres  Farms,  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEINS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 


CATTLE:  500  HEAD 


IOO  HORSES 


Fancy  Fresh  and  Forward  Dairy  Cattle. 

PRICED  RIGHT.  FREE  DELIVERY. 


E.  L.  Foote  &  Son,  Inc.,  Es™ 


HOBART,  N. 
BUSHED 


Y. 

1845 


HEREFORDS 


SEED  POTATOES 


POULTRY 


-  HEREFORD  SALE  ™ 

N.Y.  State  Hereford  Breeder's  Ass'n. 

Will  hold  its  annual  show  and  sale, 
MAY  4th,  1942,  AT  CORNELL 
UNIVERSITY,  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 

Cattle  will  he  exhibited  Saturday,  Sun¬ 
day  and  Monday,  May  2nd,  3rd  and  4tli., 
Judging-  to  start  at  8  A.  M.  Sale  at 
1  P.  M.,  May  4th,  1942. 

AUCTIONEER: 

COL.  FRED  REPPERT. 


SECY.  &  SALES  MGR.: 

JOHN  E.  REDMAN, 

43  Bengal  Terrace,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


SHORTHORNS 

MILKING  SHORTHORNS 

HEAVY  PRODUCTION  ON  HOME  GROWN  FEEDS. 
EASY  KEEPERS. 

MAURICE  WHITNEY 

BERLIN,  N.  Y.  (26  MILES  EAST  OF  TROY,  N.  Y.) 

DUAL  PURPOSE  SHORTHORNS 

TWO  STRONG  YEARLING  BULLS  READY  FOR 
HEAVY  SERVICE  NOW,  AND  SEVERAL  YOUNG 
BULLS  FOR  SPRING  AND  SUMMER  SERVICE. 

Wm.  J.  Brew  &  Sons,  Bergen,  N.  Y. 

TO  REDUCE  HERD.  WE  OFFER.  ONE  OR  A 
CAR  LOAD. 

MILKING  SHORTHORN  FEMALES, 

ALL  AGES. 

Broad  Acres,  Springfield  Center,  N.  Y. 

SWINE 

Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 

Present  Day  Quality  Poland-Chinas, 

ANY  AGE,  EITHER  SEX.  FROM  HARDY  HERD. 
WRITE  YOUR  WANTS. 

GREENFIELD  FARMS,  Tiffin,  Ohio 

SHEEP 

REGISTERED— Bred  Dorset  Ewes 

AND  BRED  DO  RSET- D  E  LA  1  N  E  EWES 
due  to  lamb  in  March  and  April;  also  number  of 
Dorset-Delaine  Yearlings,  well  grown. 

Stony  Ford  Farms,  P8T00NYMidX?wn  Nn  Yy. 

DOGS 

SHEPHERDS  —  COLLIES 

TRAINED  CATTLE  DOGS  AND  PUPS. 

HEEL  DRIVERS  —  BEAUTIES. 

WILMOT,  East  Thetford,  Vt. 

PUPPIES  — FREE  DETAILS 

ST.  BERNARDS  — ALL  BR  EEDS— D  ETA  I LS  FREE! 
Book  108  colored  pictures,  descriptions  recognized 
breeds  35c 

ROYAL  KENNELS,  R.  3,  Chazy,  N.  Y. 

DAY 

BALED  HAY  AND  STRAW 

ALL  GRADES  MIXED  HAY  AND  ALFALFA. 
DELIVERED  BY  TRUCK  OR  CARLOAD. 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 

SEEDS 

CORNELL  HYBRID  29-3 

West  Branch  Sweepstakes  and  Cornell  II  field  corn, 
Whipple’s  Yellow  Sweet  Corn,  Cayuga  and  Seneca 
Soybeans,  Cornellian  Oats.  Grass  Seeds. 
JERRY  A.  SMITH  &  SONS,  LUDLOWVILLE,  N.  Y. 
Tompkins  County.  Phone  Poplar  Ridge  3610. 


Certified  Seed  Potatoes 

SMOOTH  RURALS.  RUSSET  RURALS.  I<  AT  A  H  D I  NS. 
TUBER  UNIT  FOUNDATION  STOCK. 
NON-CERTI  FIED  CHIPPEWA,  SEBAGO. 

H.  L.  Hodnett  &  Sons,  Fillmore,  N.  Y. 


HASTINGS  SEED  POTATOES 

GREEN  MOUNTAINS,  CHIPPEWA,  WARBA,  EAR- 
LAINE,  SEBAGO.  SEQUOIA,  BLUE  VICTOR  BUR¬ 
BANKS  AND  OTHERS.  WRITE  FOR  LIST. 

Roy  C.  Hastings,  R.  3,  Malone,  N.  Y. 


Registered  Certified  Katahdin 

Seed  Potatoes 

Grown  for  foundation  stock. 


GEORGE  MEHLENBACHER, 
Wayland,  New  York 


Certified  Seed  Potatoes — HOUMAS — 

ONE  OF  THE  NEW  VARIETIES. 

A  heavy  yielder  and  cooking  quality  equal  to  G.  Mts. 
Prices  quoted  on  any  quantity  up  to  truck  or  car  load. 

E.  A.  WEEKS,  LOCKE,  N.  Y. 


POULTRY 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS.  BARRED  ROCKS,  ROCK-RED 
CROSS.  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Schwegler’s  “THOR-O-BREDS” 

HOLD  II  WORLD  OFFICIAL  RECORDS. 

Stock  from  200-324  egg  Pedigree  Breeders  2  to  5  years 
old  —  Leghorns,  White  Rocks,  Barred  Rocks.  R.  I. 
Reds,  New  Hampshires,  Wyandottes,  Giants,  Orpingtons, 
Minorcas,  Red-Rock  Cross.  Pekin  Ducks — Blood  Test¬ 
ed  Breeders.  Write  for  free  Catalog. 

SCHWEGLER’S  HATCHERY 

208  NORTHAMPTON,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 


BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  U.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
List  describing  our  Leghorns  and  Reds. 

ELI  H.  BODINE, 

Box  28,  CHEMUNG,  N.  Y. 


VBE  AUTV7 


McLoughlin  Leghorns 

Progeny-test  bred.  7-time  New  York 
R.O.P.  champions  with  average  produc¬ 
tion  records  of  257,  253,  256,  258.  266, 
261  and  262  eggs.  U.S.  Pullorum  Clean. 
Mcloughlin  Leghorn  Farm,  Chatham  Center.  N.Y. 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAMPSHIRES. 
BARRED  ROCKS.  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  All  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
Folder  and  Prices. 

WILLIAM  S.  MAPES,  Midd.eBt0oxwnA'N.  y. 


ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS,  REDS.  ROCK-RED  CROSS. 

WHITE  ROCKS—  “They  Satisfy.” 

Pullorum  free.  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  derails. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER,  Box  C,  GALLUPVILLE,  N.  Y. 


NEW  YORK  U.  S.  APPROVED 

NEW  HAMPSHIRES  &  LEGHORNS 

DESCRIPTIVE  CIRCULAR. 

The  Hiscock  Hatchery,  nevTyork. 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Pullorum  clean,  high  in  quality,  low  in  price. 
Write  for  information. 

Norton  Ingalls,  R.D.  1,  Greenville,  N.  Y. 


CLOVER  $9.00;  ALFALFA  $11.85; 

BLUE  TAG  EDGEDROP  HYBRID  SEED  CORN, 
$2.65,  all  per  bushel.  Also  other  bargains.  Postal  card 
us  today  for  annual  catalog  and  samples. 

Hall  Roberts’  Son,  Postville,  Iowa. 


Get  the  desired  increased  production  of 

LARGE.  WHITE.  QUALITY  EGGS 
by  purchasing  our  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns,  backed  by  29 
years  of  breeding  for  livability,  production  and  type. 
Always  1 00%  clean  on  pullorum  test. 


Kutschbach  &  Son,  Sherburne,  N.  Y. 


EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

BREEDING  MALES 

PULLORUM  TESTED  —  NO  REACTORS 

James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  Trumans°bXurgA' n.  y. 


Walter  Rich’s 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 


Rich  Poultry  Farms 

Leghorns  Progeny  Tested  Reds 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS. 

Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de¬ 
scribes  our  method  of  growing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 


Are  You  Looking  for  Profitable  Producers? 

HANSON  STRAIN  WHITE  LEGHORNS 
AND  PARMENTER’S  REDS. 

“FOR  EGGS  AND  MEAT  THAT  CAN’T  BE  BEAT." 

ALL  BREEDERS  BLOOD-TESTED. 

SEND  FOR  FOLDER  AND  PRICE  LISTS  BEFORE 
PLACING  YOUR  ORDER. 

Webster  A.  J.  Kuney,  SEnIwA  yorkLS' 


I  mM  0 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Officially  Pullorum  Passed.  N.  Y.  U.  S.  Approved 

BREEDING  COCKERELS 
Write  for  Folder 


E.  R.  Stone  and  Son  clydBe°x  n.  y 


quality0*  Pedigree  S.C.W.  Leghorns 

B.W.D.  TESTED  PULLETS  AND  BREEDING  STOCK. 
Progeny  Tested  under  supervision  Cornell  University. 

Hartwick  Hatchery,  Inc.,  Hartwick,  N.Y. 


Keystone  English  Black  Leghorns. 

HEALTHIEST  BREED.  GREAT  LAYERS. 

EGGS  AND  STOCK  FOR  SALE.  CIRCULAR  FREE. 

The  Keystone  Farms,  Richfield,  Pa. 


WHITEHEAD’S  FOR  REDS 

Rugged  Northern  Bred  Pullorum  Clean  Stock  that 
PAYS  in  Eggs,  then  PAYS  again  in  meat. 
Circular  free.  REDS  —  CROSSES.  Established  1927. 

Roy  S.  Whitehead,  Chateaugay,  N.  Y. 


The  McGREGOR  FARM 


S.  C.  White  Leghorns  —50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 
THE  McGREGOR  FARM,  Box  A,  MAINE.  N.  Y. 


C.  &  G.  FARM  stpraar,mnen£!ds 

TRAPNESTED  AND  PROG E NY  TESTE D  FOR  YEA RS. 
SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 

C.  &  G.  Farm,  Ballston  Lake,  N.  Y. 


FAIRP0RT  approved 

White  Leghorns  —  Barred  and  White  Rocks 
New  Hampshires  —  S.  C.  Reds 

Rock-Hampshire  Cross  —  Hamp.-Rock  Cross 
Write  for  Illustrated  Catalog  Today. 

Fairport  Hatchery  &  Poultry  Farm, 

BOX  44,  FAIRPORT,  NEW  YORK 


LEGHORNS— NEW  HAMPSHIRES 

BARRED  ROCKS  —  CROSSES 
“BRED  TO  LAY  —  LAY  TO  PAY” 

Write  for  descriptive  catalog  and  prices. 

GLENWOOD  FARMS,  ,thb/c.“  n.-v. 


ORPINGTONS— Wilson’s  Finest  Buffi 

Direct  ten  generations  of  R.O.P.  breeding  with 
records  of  200-260  eggs. 

Illustrated  Folder. 

Earl  S.  Wilson,  Fort  Covington,  N.  Y. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


saw  it  in 


See  Opposite  Page  for 
Additional  Poultry  Ads 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

This  classified  page  is  for  the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications: 
LIVESTOCK — Cattle,  Swine,  Sheep,  Horses,  Dogs,  Rabbits,  Goats,  Mink,  Ferrets;  FARM  PRODUCE — Field 
Seeds,  Hav  and  Straw,  Maple  Syrup,  Honey,  Pop  Com,  Miscellaneous;  POULTRY — Breeding  Stock,  Hatching  Eggs: 
EMPLOYMENT— Help  Wanted.  Situation  Wanted-  FARM  REAL  ESTATE— Farms  for  Sale.  Farms  Wanted- 
USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT— For  Sale.  Wanted. 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers’  classified  advertising  rates.  Two 
advertising  space  units  arc  ottered  as  follows:  space  one  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $6.00  per  issue  or 
space  one-half  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.00  per  issue.  Cop\  must  he  received  at  American  Agriculturist. 
Advertising  Dept.,  Box  514,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  11  days  before  publication  date.  No  Baby  Chick  advertising  ac¬ 
cepted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows:  Jan  3.  17.  31  :  Feb.  14.  28:  Mar.  14,  28:  April  II,  25; 
May  9,  23;  June  6,  20;  July  4,  18:  Aug.  I,  15,  29;  Sept.  12,  26;  Oct.  10,  24;  Nov.  7,  21:  Dec.  5.  18. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


21  (183) 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


THE  POSITION  in  which  livestock 
people  are  finding  themselves  ap¬ 
plies  to  almost  everyone  in  and  con¬ 
nected  with  agriculture.  Unfortunately 
no  one  can  tell  what  will  happen  with 
any  degree  of  accuracy,  because  so 
much  depends  upon  the  future;  but 
here  are  a  few  guesses. 

How  can  livestock  be  marketed  with¬ 
out  tires  and  without  gas?  Gas  will 
probably  go  before  your  tires  do. 
Sixty  thousand  airplanes  will  take  over 
fifty  per  cent  of  all  the  gas  used  nor¬ 
mally  by  all  gas  vehicles.  That  air¬ 
plane  production  has  been  “assured” 
for  1942.  Some  communities  have  al¬ 
ready  set  up  what  they  call  “a  co¬ 
operative  trucking  area.”  The  me¬ 
chanics  of  this  are  simple.  They  select 
one  truckman  whom  they  will  all  sup¬ 
port,  he  to  take  their  livestock  to 
market  at  a  fixed  charge.  Anyone 
intending  to  send  something  to  market 
on  a  particular  day,  or  at  a  particular 
time,  lists  it  with  this  truckman;  and 
already  in  some  communities  enough 
farms  have  joined  so  that  they  get 
almost  daily  service.  Usually  it  is 
possible  for  the  truckman  to  bring 
back  feed,  etc. 

In  this  way,  the  men  justifiably  feel 
that  they  are  not  only  saving  their  own 
trucks  and  gas,  but  will  most  likely  be 
able  to  get  priority  ratings  on  tires 
and  gas  for  a  man  who  is  serving  a 
whole  community.  They  are  also  pre¬ 
paring  against  the  day  when  they 
might  find  themselves  without  any 
farm-to-market  service,  or  faced  with 
a  one-man  or  one-firm  monopoly  on 
this  service  over  which  they  had  no 


control.  No  livestock  farmer  or  farm 
community  should  be  blind  to  the  pos¬ 
sibility  of  such  a  situation  arising. 

Labor  priorities  may  be  next.  A 
government-conceived  plan  of  placing 
labor  where  it  thinks  it  is  most  needed 
has  very  far-reaching  angles,  and,  be¬ 
sides,  it  is. a  question  how  much  that 
sort  of  labor  will  really  help  on  farms. 
It  has  been  my  observation  that  every 
producer  sees  the  need  and  is  more 
than  willing  to  produce  “more  and 
more.”  But  he  just  cannot  figure  out 
how  he  can  handle  it  all,  market  it  all, 
and  still  pay  anything  on  the  old 
mortgage.  His  spirit  is  willing,  but 
his  head  is  continually  saying,  “How?” 
The  real  answer  to  that  depends  en¬ 
tirely  upon  his  faith  in  America  and 
his  confidence  in  agriculture. 

Food  rationing  (like  sugar)  will  un¬ 
doubtedly  be  here,  particularly  if  we 
do  not  have  at  least  as  much  volume 
production  as  we  have  been  having  in 
the  last  few  years.  Also,  with  no 
labor  restrictions  or  regulations,  the 
consumer  will  have  to  be  placed  on  a 
basis  of  his  needs  rather  than  on  a 
basis  of  his  ability  to  buy.  These  re¬ 
strictions  immediately  cancel  out  the 
idea  of  supply  and  demand  in  its  re¬ 
lation  to  price;  and  this  is  a  new  con¬ 
ception  of  price  as  it  applies  to  farm 
products. 

Your  government  will  be  your  larg¬ 
est  customer  for  your  products,  and 
the  largest  dealer  from  whom  you  buy. 
This  will  not  only  give  government  a 
monopoly  on  the  volume  of  the  things 
you  buy  and  sell,  but  will  make  them 
the  price-maker  and  breaker  as  well. 
This  latter  is  practically  here  now 
(eggs,  wool,  lamb,  beans). 

My  reason  for  directing  these  re¬ 
marks  to  livestock  people  is  that  we 
are  no  exception  to  the  rule.  The 
faster  we  adjust  and  adapt  ourselves, 
our  thinking,  and  our  livestock  pro¬ 
gram  to  new  and  rapidly  changing 
situations,  the  less  worry  and  jolt  we 
are  going  to  get. 


> 


Anyone 

can  learn  to  use  It. 
Professional-type 
tension  control! 
Plenty  of  Power! 


MORE  WOOL  PROFITS 
mtU  STEWARj  jjarntm 


IDEAL  FOR 
THE  AVERAGE 
FARM  FLOCK 


SHEARMA5TER  M 


Gets  10%  EXTRA  WOOL.  . .  pays  for  itself 
quickly.  Powerful  ball-bearing,  fan -cooled 
motor  inside  the  comfortable  handle.  The  ideal 
shearing  machine  for  the  farm  flock.  Easy-to- 
use.  Rugged,  built-in  durability.  Shearmaster 
only  $26.95  complete  with  2  combs  and  4  cut¬ 
ters.  100-120  volts.  Special  voltages  slightly 
higher.  At  your  dealer’s.  Write  for  new  Stewart 
bulletin,  “Harvesting  the  Farm  Flock  Wool  Crop,” 
and  FREE  catalog  of  Stewart  electric  and  hand- 
power  Clipping  and  Shearing  machines.  Made  and  guaran¬ 
teed  by  Chicago  Flexible  Shaft  Co.,  Dept.  2  ,  5600  Roose¬ 
velt  Road,  Chicago,  Illinois.  Over  Half  a  Century  Making 
Quality  Products. 


CATTLE 


A  COMPLETE  DISPERSAL 

50  REGISTERED  HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

Entire  herd  of  C.  KLIPPLE  sell  because  of  owner’s 
ill  health  at  his  farm,  I'/,  miles  northwest  of 
CEDARVILLE,  N.  Y.,  12  miles  from  Utica  on  Utica 
Road,  MONDAY,  MARCH  23,  1942,  at  10  A.  M.  Sale 
held  under  cover.  Herd  blood  tested  and  mastitis 
tested.  28  fresh  and  close  springers,  12  bred  and  un¬ 
bred  heifers,  2  yearling  bulls.  Write  for  catalog  and 
details  to 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 

SALES  MANAGER  &  AUCTIONEER,  MEXICO,  N.  Y. 


newstyork  Holstein  Consignment  Sale 

Fair  Grounds,  heated  building, 

LITTLE  VALLEY,  CATTARAUGUS  COUNTY,  N,  Y. 

WEDNESDAY,  MARCH  25,  AT  10  A.  M. 

75  REGISTERED  HOLSTEIN  CATTLE, 
negative  to  blood  test,  mostly  eligible  for  Pa., 
vaccinated  for  shipping  fever.  Mastitis  tested. 

10  BULLS,  15  YOUNG  CALVES. 
THIS  IS  THE  5th  IN  THIS  NEW  SERIES. 
Send  for  catalog  and  details. 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS,  SA^ixicAoNA£E  y. 


GOATS 


TOGGENBERG  and  SANEEN  MILK  GOATS.  Fresh 
and  due  to  freshen.  PONY  FARM,  HIMROD,  N.  Y. 


CHECK  BOG  SPAVIN  PROMPTLY 

Wm  to  Help  Prevent 
Permanent  Injury 


To  check  bog  spavin  you  must 
catch  it  at  first  signs  of  puffi¬ 
ness,  before  the  hock  bunch 
hardens. 

When  first  noticed,  rub 
Absorbine  on  the  puffy  hock 
to  stimulate  local  circulation, 
to  increase  the  blood  flow,  which  in  turn  re¬ 
duces  the  swelling.  Then  apply  an  Absorbine 
poultice  for  3  hours.  Repeat  the  treatment 
twice  daily  until  the  swelling  goes  down. 

Absorbine  is  not  a  "cure  all,”  but  it  is  most 
helpful  if  you  use  it  as  recommended.  That’s 
why  many  experienced  horsemen  and  veteri- 
naries  use  Absorbine  to  help  check  windgall, 
curbs,  thoroughpin  and  similar  congestive 
troubles,  to  help  prevent  them  from  becoming 
permanent,  painful,  incurable  afflictions.  $2.50 
the  long-lasting  bottle  at  all  druggists. 

W.  F.  Young,  Inc,,  Springfield,  Mass. 


ABSORBINE 


NORTHEAST  MARKETS  FOR  NORTHEAST  PRODUCERS 


Toughening  Horses 


POULTRY 


HORSES,  as  well  as  their  owners, 
will  be  putting  in  full  time  this 
spring.  Taking  a  horse  that  has  been 
idle  all  winter  and  putting  him  at  hard 
work  will  lead  to  trouble. 

If  horses  have  been  -oughed  through 
the  winter,  give  them  some  extra  at¬ 
tention,  beginning  now.  Give  them 
better  roughage  an  less  of  it,  and 
gradually  increase  the  grain  ration. 
However,  do  not  put  them  on  the  full 
grain  ration  until  they  are  hard  at 
work.  A  horse  doing  hard  work  needs 
from  1  to  1%  pounds  of  grain  and  1  lb. 
of  hay  for  each  100  lbs.  of  live  weight. 

Start  the  horse  at  work  gradually, 
doing  light  work  at  first.  The  preven¬ 
tion  of  shoulder  sores  depends  primari¬ 
ly  on  three  things — getting  the  horse 
into  good  physical  condition,  having  a 
collar  that  fits,  and  keeping  the  collar 
and  the  horse’s  shoulders  clean. 

Sometimes  idle  horses,  well  fed,  will 
gain  weight  during  the  winter  and  the 
collar  will  fit  too  tight.  Every  horse 
should  have  his  own  collar;  collars  are 
manufactured  in  various  types  to  fit 
horses  with  different  shaped  shoulders 
and  necks.  First,  be  sure  that  you 
have  the  right  type;  and,  second,  be 
sure  that  it  is  the  right  size.  When  a 
horse  is  standing,  the  collar  should  be 
from  2  y2  to  3  inches  longer  than  the 
depth  of  the  horse’s  neck.  A  rough 
test  is  that  the  collar  should  be  big 
enough  so  you  can  put  your  fist  be¬ 
tween  the  collar  and  the  neck  at  the 
bottom.  At  the  side,  there  should  be 
just  enough  room  to  push  the  fingers 
between  the  neck  and  the  collar.  Do 
not  use  collar  pads  if  they  can  be 
avoided. 

Clean  the  horse’s  shoulders  carefully 
after  each  day’s  work,  as  well  as  be¬ 
fore  harnessing  the  next  morning. 

Wash  shoulders  with  warm  water  and 


castile  soap,  and  rinse  with  cold  water 
to  which  a  small  amount  of  salt  has 
been  added. 

This  is  especially  important  for  the 
first  two  or  three  weeks  of  hard  work, 
but  it  is  always  important  to  keep  the 
collar  clean.  While  at  work,  raise  the 
collar  frequently  and  clean  the  sweat 
and  dirt  from  both  the  collar  and  the 
shoulders.  It  will  pay  to  remove  the 
harness  during  the  noon  hour,  thus  giv¬ 
ing  the  shoulders  a  chance  to  dry  and 
cool  off.  It  takes  some  care  to  pre¬ 
vent  shoulder  sores,  but  this  is  far  eas¬ 
ier  than  it  is  to  heal  them. 

During  hot  weather,  there  is  always 
a  chance  of  heat  prostration.  When 
the  horse  has  been  sweating  and  then 
stops  doing  so,  it  is  a  dangerous  sign. 
Water  a  working  horse  frequently,  but 
not  too  much  at  one  time  when  he  is 
hot,  and  be  sure  that  he  gets  plenty 
of  salt  in  his  ration. 

Have  a  veterinarian  look  at  the 

horse’s  teeth  at  least  once  a  year.  If 
teeth  get  sharp  on  the  corners,  it  will 
interfere  seriously  with  eating. 

'  — A. A.- — 

LIVESTOCK  SALES 

Mar.  18  Mrs.  E.  C.  Ludt  Holstein  Dispersal,  Car¬ 
lisle,  Pa. 

Mar.  19  Dean  E.  Weller  Holstein  Dispersal,  Liver¬ 
pool,  N.  Y. 

Mar.  20  i.  Paul  Wrightstone  Holstein  Sale  (50 

head),  4  miles  west  of  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
Mar.  23  Conrad  Klippie  Holstein  Sale,  I  lion.  N.  Y. 

Mar.  25  Fifth  Western  New  York  Holstein  Sale, 

Little  Valley,  N.  Y. 

Mar.  27  Harold  R.  Ziegler  Holstein  Dispersal, 

Breinigsville,  Pa. 

Mar.  27  Guernsey  Sale,  Coatesville.  Pa. 

Mar.  30  The  Capitol  Holstein  Sale,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
Apr.  I  Fox  Brothers  Holstein  Dispersal  Sale,  Cin- 
cinnatus,  N.  Y. 

Apr.  20-21  Bell  Farm  Holstein  Dispersal,  Coraopolis, 
Pa. 

Coming  Events 

Mar.  26  Annual  Meeting  of  Maine  Jersey  Cattle 

Club.  Orono,  Maine. 

Mar.  26  Annual  Meeting  of  Maine  Holstein-Friesian 
Breeders’  Ass’n.,  Orono. 


SUSQUEHANNA  FARMS 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAMPSHIRES, 
ROCK-RED  CROSSBREDS,  WHITE  ROCKS, 
CORNO  RED  CROSSBREDS. 

Commercial  and  foundation  stock,  pullets,  males.  All 
stock  bloodtested  with  no  reactors  found;  Pedigreed 
male  matings.  Write  for  circular  and  prices. 

SUSQUEHANNA  FARMS 

Box  A,  MONTROSE,  PA. 


DANISH  POULTRY  FARM 

Family  Tested  Leghorns  —  New  Hampshires. 
Storrs,  Conn.,  Test  1940-1941,  13  Full  sisters 
av.  270  eggs  per  bird.  Harrisburg,  Penna., 
test,  13  Full  sisters  av.  240  eggs  per  bird. 

A.  E.  DANISH, 

Troy,  New  York 


HOLSER’S  VALLEY  FARM 

ANNOUNCE 

CONTEST  WINNINGS  TO  FEB.  1. 
HIGHEST  PEN  IN  U.  S.  ALL  BREEDS. 

FOR  LEGHORNS 
1st  AND  3rd  AT  STORRS 
2nd  AND  3rd  AT  FARMINGDALE 
2nd  AT  RHODE  ISLAND 
5th  AT  NEW  JERSEY 
5th  AT  CENTRAL  NEW  YORK 

Troy,  New  York.  R.D.  4 


CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 


PMGEONS 


White  King  Pigeons — Bargain, 

MUST- SELL  TO  MAKE  ROOM. 
WONDERFUL  STOCK. 

Gebhardt  Farm,  Muscatine,  Iowa. 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 


194-Acre  Dairy  Farm  ^ayS^aS 

19-room  house  would  lend  itself  to  summer  boarder 
business.  Gravity  water  system.  100  ft.  dairy  barn 
and  garage  $4000.  Terms. 

Federal  Land  Bank,  Springfield,  Mass. 


FOR  SALE: 

Schoharie  County  Fruit  Dairy  Farm, 

170  acres,  48  acres  orchard— McIntosh,  Cortland.  Bald- 
win — just  in  prime  have  been  producing  5000  to  7000 
bushels  per  year.  $8,000. 

FRANK  F.  WARNER,  ALTAMONT,  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE:  1“ 

200  acres  fertile  and  well  drained — 100  acres 
in  City  of  Auburn,  balance  in  adjoining  Town 
of  Aurelius  on  state  road.  Large  modern 
basement  dairy  barn  well  ventilated — James¬ 
way  equipment — stanchions  for  70  cows,  8 
box  stalls — bull  pens — dairy  building  connect¬ 
ed  with  barn  by  covered  passageway — gran¬ 
ary — large  barn  for  horses,  and  young  stock — 
large  hay  barn  with  storage  for  tools — 3  silos 
— hog  pens  and  poultry  house — 2  large  brick 
houses — 1  double  frame  house — garages  and 
other  out  buildings  —  electricity,  gas,  city 
water  and  sewer.  Property  in  first  class  con¬ 
dition — opportunity  for  suburban  development. 

Address:  C.  H.  HOLLEY,  Executor, 

D.  M.  DUNNING  ESTATE, 
c/o  Auburn  Savings  Bank,  Auburn,  N.  Y. 


On  State  Highway;  Equipped 

37  acres  for  crops,  38  acres  creek-watered  pasture  and 
wood ;  shingled  Colonial  7  rooms,  running  water,  2  barns, 
milk  and  poultry  houses:  2  miles  to  village,  30  minutes 
to  city:  quick  sale  imperative.  $2800,  part  down,  includ¬ 
ing  7  cows,  bull,  calves,  tools;  pg.  33  big  Free  catalog 
1290  bargains  many  States. 

STROUT  REALTY,  N2e5w5  «  ^y. 


HELP  W ANTED 


WANTED,  BY  FAMILY  OF  TWO: 

Man  and  Wife  With  Good  References 

man  to  work  on  potato  farm,  wife  in  house.  Man 
must  be  total  abstainer,  preferably  from  45  to  50  years 
old  and  Protestant.  House  has  all  modern  conveniences. 
BOX  514-W,  American  Agriculturist,  ITHACA.  N.  Y. 


Farmer,  Good  Milker,  With  Family, 

TO  WORK  ON  DAIRY  FARM.  HOUSE  AND 
PRIVILEGES  PROVIDED. 

Write  B.  Koch,  239  Florida  Street, 

BUFFALO,  NEW  YORK 


Experienced  Farmer  to  Manage  Dairy 

or  poultry  farm  in  Southeast  Dutchess  County. 
Running  water  and  electricity  in  house. 

Box  514-H,  American  Agriculturist, 

ITHACA,  NEW  YORK 


GOAT  CHEESE 


Digestive  Disorders  and  Constipation 

are  often  aided  by  the  use  of  our  delicious  Goat  Cheese. 
It  digests  easier  and  is  mildly  laxative,  too.  Postpaid 
prices — I  lb.,  90c;  3  lbs.,  $2.50. 

Twin  Pine  Goat  Farm,  w^T.  i.%\  y. 

Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN.  AGRICULTURIST. 


(184)  22 


Ai  nerican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


WINS  AWARD:  The  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Tea  Co.  won  the  New  York-New 
England  Apple  Institute’s  Golden  Apple  Advertising  Award.  The  award  was  given 
on  the  basis  of  the  sales  value  of  a  single  piece  of  advertising.  The  above  picture 
shows  Tom  O’Neill,  General  Manager  of  the  Apple  Institute,  inspecting  the  winning 
poster.  Of  ten  honorable  mentions,  four  were  won  by  the  First  National  Stores, 
Somerville,  Mass.;  three  by  J.  W.  Pepper,  Inc.,  an  advertising  agency;  and  one  each 
by  Pioneer  Valley  Winter  Apple  Festival  of  Springfield,  Mass.,  the  Market  Basket 
Stores  of  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  and  Eoblaw’s  Groceterias,  Buffalo. 


FARM  MOVIE: 


The  ETHYL 
GASOLINE 


CORPORATION,  Chrysler  Building,  New 
York  City,  has  just  released  a  16  mm. 
motion  picture,  with  sound,  called  “Mas¬ 
ters  of  the  S'oil.”  This  contrasts  old 
farming  methods  with  new,  calling  atten¬ 
tion  to  the  very  latest  in  farm  practice. 
Plans  are  under  way  to  give  as  many 
farmers  as  possible  an  opportunity  to  see 
this  picture.  If  there  is  to  be  a  farm 
meeting  in  your  community  during  the 
winter,  you  will  doubtless  like  to  write 
the  Ethyl  Gasoline  Corporation  to  see  if 
arrangements  can  be  made  to  have  the 
picture  shown. 


VITAMIN  D:  Du  Pont  of  Wilming- 
ton,  Delaware,  recent¬ 
ly  discovered  a  new  source  of  Vitamin  D 
for  poultry.  More  than  ten  years  ago, 
it  was  discovered  that  certain  chemical 
compounds  could  be  irradiated  into  an  ef¬ 
fective  source  of  Vitamin  D.  However, 
these  compounds,  originating  from  plants, 
were  not  effective  on  poultry.  Further 
research  located  compounds  of  animal 
origin  that  could  be  irradiated  to  supply 
Vitamin  D  to  poultry. 

Under  war  conditions,  this  is  an  ex¬ 
ceedingly  important  discovery.  You  can 
learn  all  about  it  by  dropping  a  post  card 
to  the  E.  I.  DU  PONT  DE  NEMOURS 
AND  COMPANY,  Public  Relations  De¬ 
partment,  Wilmington,  Delaware,  asking 
for  a  copy  of  “The  Story  of  a  New  and 


Better  Source  of  Vitamin  D  for  Poultry 
Needs.’’  The  Du  Pont  product  is  called 
Delsterol. 

DO  YOU  RAKE?  If  y°u  do’  send 

for  a  grand  cook 
book — crammed  with  recipes  for  all  kinds 
of  yeast-raised  breads  and  cakes.  It’s 
absolutely  free.  Just  drop  a  post  card 
with  your  name  and  address  to  STAND¬ 
ARD  BRANDS,  INC.,  691  Washington 
St.,  New  York  City. 

MASTITIS:  Dairymen  now  have 
mmm—aam—msmmmmi hopes  that  the  mastitis 
scourge  can  be  licked.  Investigators  have 
discovered  a  chemical  which  has  given 
startling  results  in  mastitis  control,  and 
E.  R.  SQUIBB  &  SONS,  745  Fifth  Ave¬ 
nue,  New  York  City,  are  putting  this 
product  on  the  market  under  the  name 
of  “Novoxil.”  For  more  information, 
write  E.  R.  Squibb  &  Sons,  Dept.  AA-2, 
745  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York  City,  and  ask 
for  the  booklet  “Control  and  Sanitation 
Plan  for  the  Treatment  of  Bovine  Mas¬ 
titis.”  The  booklet  is  free. 

DOLLARS:  '  ‘Making  Soil  Pay”  is 
the  title  of  a  little  book¬ 
let  full  of  information  about  the  crops 
you  will  be  planting  in  a  few  weeks. 
There  are  two  ways  you  can  get  it — by 
dropping  a  post  card  to  the  BRILLION 
IRON  WORKS,  INC.,  Brillion,  Wiscon¬ 
sin,  or  by  asking  your  local  JOHN 
DEERE  dealer. 


THERE  IS  A 


SEED  DISINFECTANT  FOR  EVERY  MAJOR  CROP. 


NAME  OF  SEED 

SEED  TREATMENT 

TO  USE 

QUANTITY  PER 
BUSHEL  SEED 

SEED-BORNE  DISEASES  CONTROLLED 

BARLEY 

New  Improved  CERESAN 

Vi  0 1. 

Scab  seedling  blight,  covered  smut,  barley 
stripe,  black  loose  smut. 

CORN  (Field  and  Sweet) 

SEMESAN  JR 

1 1/2  02. 

Seed  rotting,  seedling  blights,  and  root-rots, 
(Basisporium,  Fusarium,  Diplodia,  Gibberella). 

COTTON 

2%  CERESAN  or 

New  Improved  CERESAN 

3  oz. 

1  Vi  02. 

Certain  boll-rots,  damping-off  or  sore-shin, 

angular  leaf  spot,  Anthracnose,  seed  rotting. 

FLAX 

New  Improved  CERESAN 

Vi  02. 

Damping  off,  seed  rotting. 

OATS 

New  Improved  CERESAN 

Vi  oz 

Scab  seedling  blight,  loose  and  covered  smuts. 

PEAS 

New  Improved  CERESAN 

1  OZ. 

Certain  root  rots,  seed  rotting. 

POTATOES  (White) 

SEMESAN  BEL 

'A  02. 

Scab,  Rhizoctoma,  black  leg,  seed  rotting. 

POTATOES  (Sweet) 

SEMESAN  BEL 

'A  02. 

Black  rot,  scurf,  stem-rot  (as  a  sprout  dip). 

RYE 

New  Improved  CERESAN 

Vi  02 

Scab  seedling  blight,  stem  smut, stinking  smut. 

SORGHUMS 

New  Improved  CERESAN 

Vi  02 

Kernel  smuts,  seed  rotting. 

VEGETABLE  AND  FLOWER 
SEEDS  (Most  Seeds) 

SEMESAN 

1  oz  per 

15  lbs  seed 

Damping  off,  seed  rotting. 

WHEAT 

New  Improved  CERESAN 

Vi  02 

Scab  seedling  blight,  root-rot,  bunt  or  stink¬ 

ing  smut,  flag  smut. 

TREAT  SEED  EVERY  YEAR  -  IT  PAYS! 


This  is  a  reproduction  of  one  side  of  a  card  which  the  BAYER-SEMESAN  COM¬ 
PANY,  INC.,  Wilmington,  Delaware,  is  making  available  to  their  customers. 


Headehi  ^Jalk  Hack 


COW  PRICES 

Editor’s  Note:  Here  is  a  letter  from 
a  dairyman  who  attended  two  cow  auc¬ 
tions  late  this  winter.  It  shows  the  trend 
of  prices  in  his  section  (Chautauqua 
County). 

I  wrote  to  Mr.  Thayer  that  American 
Agriculturist  believes  that  a  cow  is  wprth 
only  what  she  will  produce  at  a  profit 
through  her  productive  lifetime.  Farm¬ 
ers  often  buy  cows  when  milk  prices  are 
good  at  the  time  of  purchase,  forgetting 
that  those  prices  will  not  last: 

UTN  A  RECENT  issue  of  your  most 

I  valuable  paper  I  read  an  article 
about  present  cow  prices.  I  have  at¬ 
tended  two  auction  sales  recently,  and 
took  down  some  of  the  prices  as  the 
cows  were  sold. 

“The  first  one  was  on  February  4. 
A  dairy  of  about  30.  They  were  mostly 
large  Holsteins,  some  fresh  and  some 
spring  cows,  and  quite  a  few  cows  that 
had  freshened  in  the  early  fall. 


No.  1 

$197. 

(her  young  heifer  calf  $10.) 

No.  2 

$229. 

(a 

beautiful  fresh  grade 

cow,  said  to  give  70  lbs.) 

No.  3 

$  60. 

(yearling  grade  heifer  from 

above  cow,  by  purebred 

bull.) 

No.  4 

$176. 

(a 

close  springer). 

No.  5 

$180. 

(a 

close  springer). 

No.  6 

$141. 

(not  so  close). 

No.  7 

$137.50 

(a 

three-year-old  Grade 

Holstein). 

No.  8 

$152. 

(a 

fresh  Guernsey). 

No.  9 

$176. 

No.  10 

$140. 

No.  11 

$147.50 

No.  12 

$185. 

No.  13 

$102.50 

(a 

grade  Jersey). 

No.  14 

$126. 

No.  15 

$136. 

No.  16 

$125. 

(2 

year  old). 

No.  17 

$107. 

(2 

year  old). 

No.  18 

$150. 

No.  19 

$102.50 

(3 

teated). 

No.  20 

$116. 

(2 

year  old). 

“I  did  not  keep  track  of  the  balance. 
A  beef  cow  sold  for  $91.  A  nice  pure¬ 
bred  two  year  old  bull  $156.  The  cows 
were  all  in  fine  condition,  and  clipped 
and  cleaned,  and  all  sold  on  a  raised 
platform.  It  was  a  well  managed  sale. 
A  dealer  bought  the  dairy  for  cash  and 
then  had  the  sale  and  sold  them  for 
cash. 

“The  other  sale  was  February  11. 
They  were  small  cows,  mostly  Guern¬ 
seys,  but  rather  scrubby  and  not  in 
very  good  condition.  I  only  stayed  a 
short  time,  it  was  so  cold.  They  were 
sold  in  the  barnyard  in  a  ring.  The 
first  cow  sold  for  $88,  second  $84,  third 
$100.  The  man  that  had  the  sale  told 
me  a  few  days  after  the  sale  that  the 
whole  dairy  averaged  just  under  $90. 

“I  think  the  two  sales  show  that 
good  large  Holsteins  in  good  condition 
surely  sell  well,  and  even  small  scrub¬ 
by  cows  are  selling  for  all  they  are 
worth.  I  thought  you  might  be  inter¬ 
ested  to  get  these  facts.” — Frank  E. 
Thayer.  ^ 

CHEAP  RLTTERFAT 

While  we  are  protesting  the  unfair 
practices,  why  not  register  a  protest 
against  the  outgrown  and  old-fashion¬ 
ed  practice  of  allowing  only  four  cents 
extra  for  each  1/10  of  1%  above  3  V2% 
milk  ? 

When  3 V2%  milk  is  worth  $1.40  per 
hundred  pounds,  this  method  is  cor¬ 
rect;  but  when  3 1/2%  milk  is  worth 
$2.45,  the  extra  points  should  be  7 
cents  a  point,  not  4  cents.  We  pay  for 
our  feed  and  our  fertilizer  on  the  basis 
of  the  desirable  ingredients  they  con¬ 
tain.  Why  shouldn’t  milk  be  sold  on 
this  same  basis?  We  all  know  that 
milk  rich  in  butterfat  is  also  rich 
in  the  other  ingredients,  casein,  milk 
sugar,  etc.,  and  in  the  same  or  nearly 
the  same  ratio.  It  necessarily  follows 


While  we  cannot  possibly  print 
all  letters  received,  your  com¬ 
ments  and  opinions  are  appreci¬ 
ated.  These  letters  do  not  neces¬ 
sarily  represent  the  opinions  of 
this  paper.  The  editors  reserve 
the  right  to  disagree  with  senti¬ 
ments  expressed  here. 

II  ■!  !■■■■  ■  .  ■■■  in  pm  i  * 

that  if  each  1/10  of  1%  of  3%%  milk 
is  worth  7  cents,  the  extra  points  above 
that  should  be  worth  the  same.  This 
would  give  the  Jersey  and  Guernsey 
men  equal  opportunities  with  the  Hol¬ 
stein,  and  would  be  fair  to  all  concern¬ 
ed.  I  am  not  arguing  for  either.  I 
have  both  kinds. 

I  have  not  seen  this  brought  up  in 
your  paper  or  any  other  farm  paper 
in  a  long  time,  but  I  think  something 
should  be  done  about  it.  I  have  cited 
the  $2.45  price  because  that  was  the 
base  price  in  my  last  milk  check.— 
W.  G.  P.,  New  York. 

—  a.  a. — 

HOMEMADE  GRILL 

Last  August  I  attended  the  Sheep 
Field  Day  at  Kenwood  Mills  Farm  at 
Springwater,  N.  Y.  H.  E.  Babcock  was 
one  of  the  speakers.  He  began  his  talk 
by  telling  how  good  lamb  chops  were 
when  cooked  over  his  homemade  grill, 
which  was  a  pail  lined  with  clay,  and 
with  a  draft  cut  in  one  side  of  the  pail. 
I  know  that  readers  of  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  would  very  much  appreciate 
it  if  he  would  tell  us  through  the 
paper  just  how  to  make  such  a  home¬ 
made  grill,  what  kind  of  clay  to  use, 
and  how  to  make  it  stay  on  the  sides 
of  the  pail. 

I  have  thought  many  times  since 
hearing  Mr.  Babcock’s  speech  how 
many  farm  folks  could  use  this  simple 
pail  grill. — Mrs.  E.  S.  R.,  New  York. 

—a.  a. — 

CLAM  PIE 

I  have  just  been  reading  in  this  issue 
of  your  paper  the  continued  story, 
“Growing  Up  in  the  Horse  and  Buggy 
Days.”  I  notice  the  writer  mentions 
“clam  pie”  and  wonders  if  anyone  still 
eats  them  or  has  a  recipe  for  them. 
I  have  what  I  think  is  a  very  good 
recipe  which  makes  enough  for  a  small 
family.  Here  it  is: 

Use  one  can  of  clams  (or  fresh 
clams  may  be  used).  Put  in  baking 
dish.  Cook  2  onions  and  1  carrot  un¬ 
til  nearly  done.  Thicken  with  a  little 
flour.  Cut  up  one  large  raw  potato  in 
the  mixture.  Add  a  lump  of  butter. 
Pour  this  mixture  into  dish  with  clams. 
Cover  with  rich  biscuit  dough  and  bake 
until  biscuit  is  done  and  brown. — 
Mrs.  E.  L.  Grant ,  Canajoharie,  N.  Y. 


“You  gotta  get  through  today,  Jake , 
the  American  Agriculturists  are  here.” 


At  lerican  Agriculturist  March  14,  1942 


23  (185) 


'ill 


GLEfllWlG; 

Charles  M.  Gardner 


Editor  of  the  National  Grange 
Monthly  and  High  Priest  of  De¬ 
meter  of  the  National  Grange 


tion  by  having  them  inspect  buildings 
and  then  write  reports  on  possible  cor¬ 
rections  which  may  reduce  fire  hazards. 
A  uniform  system  of  judging  these  re¬ 
ports  will  be  adopted  and  the  cash 
prizes  offered  in  the  various  classes 
are  sufficient  to  insure  the  interest  of 
the  youngsters.  The  state  winner  will 
also  be  eligible  for  the  national  con¬ 
test,  whose  first  prize  will  be  a  trip 
for  one  boy  and  one  girl  to  the  national 
convention  with  entire  expenses  paid, 
besides  all  the  cash  prizes. 

*  *  * 


IN  NEARLY  ALL  the  Grange  states 
unusually  aggressive  plans  for  the 
season’s  work  ahead  have  been  made. 
In  no  state  is  there  a  greater  determi¬ 
nation  than  in  New  York,  as  was  evi¬ 
denced  by  the  recent  get-together,  at 
Hotel  Mizpah  in  Syracuse,  of  the  en¬ 
tire  deputy  force  of  the  state,  for  a 
two  days’  instruction  meeting  conduct¬ 
ed  by  State  Master  W.  J.  Rich  of 
Salem.  Practically  every  county  was 
represented  and  the  deputies  present 
included  Pomona,  subordinate  and 
Juvenile.  National  Master  Albert  S. 
Goss  came  from  Washington.  D.  C.,  to 
attend  the  conference  and  set  before 
the  Empire  State  leaders  a  striking 
picture  of  what  the  present  American 
responsibility  is  going  to  mean  to 
Granges;  particularly  in  the  sacrifices 
which  all  will  be  forced  to  make  in  the 
days  ahead. 

*  *  * 

FURTHER  HONORS,  as  well  as  op¬ 
portunities  for  service,  have  come  to 
Rev.  Elden  G.  Bucklin,  Chaplain  of  the 
Rhode  Island  State  Grange,  who  has 
been  appointed  Protestant  chaplain  of 
the  Rhode  Island  State  Sanatorium  at 
Wallum  Lake.  Mr.  Bucklin  will  be  ex¬ 
pected  to  conduct  an  early  Sunday 
morning  service  in  the  new  chapel 
every  week,  make  regular  visits  to  the 
patients  in  the  hospital  and  direct  other 
activities.  Already  he  is  pastor  of  three 
Rhode  Island  churches,  chaplain  of  the 
State  Grange,  chaplain  of  the  Rhode 
Island  Grand  Lodge  of  Odd  Fellows  and 
lecturer  of  Chepachet  Grange. 

*  *  * 

TWO  OF  THE  OLDEST  Granges  in 
Massachusetts,  Holden  and  Stow, 
have  just  celebrated  their  anniversar¬ 
ies,  the  former  67  years  and  the  latter 
65.  Both  Granges  are  located  in  strict¬ 
ly  rural  environment,  have  functioned 
continuously  during  these  long  periods 
and  are  at  present  enjoying  prosperity. 


ANNOUNCEMENT  has  just  been 

made  of  the  deputy  honor  roll  of  the 
country.  The  eastern  section  fared  ex¬ 
ceedingly  well  on  the  1941  results. 
Honor  distinction  is  awarded  by  the 
National  Grange  to  those  deputies  who 
organize  one  or  more  units  of  the  Or¬ 
der  during  the  year,  and  the  deputy 
key  which  is  given  as  a  reward  is 
eagerly  sought  by  workers  all  over  the 
country.  The  deputies  in  the  New  Eng¬ 
land,  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  area 
who  scored  during  the  past  12  months 
were  as  follows: 

New  York — P.  J.  Colyer,  Argusville; 
Fred  Emmick,  Norwich;  L.  E.  Hardy, 
Richfield  Springs;  Ralph  M.  Young, 
Endicott. 

Pennsylvania — S.  Paul  Ritchie,  Rea; 
Minor  A.  Crosby,  Beach  Lake;  George 
E.  Henry,  New  Bethlehem;  Norman  R. 
Rough,  Utica. 

New  Hampshire — Frank  L.  Reardon, 
Penacook;  Merle  Sargent.  Lakeport. 

Connecticut — Kingsley  Beecher,  Win- 
sted;  Gerald  Hayes,  North  Granby. 

Vermont — E.  M.  Farr,  Chester. 

Massachusetts  —  Samuel  T.  Bright- 
man,  Fairhaven. 

Third  on  the  list  for  the  entire  na¬ 
tional  field  was  Clifford  E.  Rugg,  form¬ 
er  New  York  State  deputy  of  wide 
prominence  and  for  several  years  a 
national  deputy  in  different  states. 
Deputy  Rugg  organized  nine  subordi¬ 
nate  Granges  last  year,  located  in  Wis¬ 
consin,  Illinois  and  Virginia. 

*  *  * 

DURING  MARCH,  Sea  View  Pomona 

in  Connecticut  will  mark  the  50th  an¬ 
niversary  of  its  organization  and  plans 
a  celebration  on  March  12  at  Killing- 
worth.  When  Sea  View  Pomona  was 
organized  50  years  ago,  David  K. 
Stevens  of  Killingworth  was  installed 
as  master,  and  now,  50  years  later,  the 
Pomona  master  is  J.  W.  Steadman,  al¬ 
so  a  Killingworth  member. 


IN  CONNECTICUT  the  State  Grange 
is  sponsoring  a  fire  prevention  cam¬ 
paign  to  which  the  membership  is  re¬ 
sponding  well,  the  state  Home  Eco¬ 
nomics  committee  is  backing  up  the 
project  and  the  State  Grange  fire  in¬ 
surance  company  has  allocated  $100 
for  prizes.  The  National  Association  of 
Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Companies  is 
also  assisting  financially.  Each  Pomo¬ 
na  and  subordinate  Grange  will  be  re¬ 
quested  to  offer  additional  prizes.  A 
special  effort  will  be  made  to  reach 
the  younger  members  of  the  organiza- 


‘ We’ll  be  out  as  soon  as  Juror  No. 
12  finishes  reading  American  Agricul¬ 
turist.” 


THE  PAST  YEAR  has  been  the  most 
prosperous  the  National  Grange  Mu¬ 
tual  Liability  Company  of  Keene,  New 
Hampshire,  has  ever  known.  Its  prem¬ 
ium  volume  reached  two  and  one-quar¬ 
ter  million  dollars.  A  goal  of  two  and 
one-half  million  dollars  has  been  set 
‘for  1942.  New  York  State  ranks  first 
in  volume  of  business  handled  by  this 
Grange  company  and  one  of  its  most 
important  offices  is  located  at  Syra¬ 
cuse.  The  work  in  the  Empire  State  is 
under  the  direction  of  Fred  J.  Free¬ 
stone,  former  State  Master,  who  is 
president  of  the  Keene  company. 

*  *  * 

THE  WINNER  of  third  prize  in  the 
National  Grange  Highway  Safety 
Contest  for  subordinate  Granges  is  an¬ 
nounced  as  Mohawk  Valley  Grange  at 
Fonda,  New  York,  which  will  receive 
$25  in  cash.  This  contest,  conducted  on 
a  very  wide  scale,  resulted  in  the  ac¬ 
complishment  of  countless  projects 
which  will  reduce  road  hazards  and 
furnishes  the  groundwork  for  continu¬ 
ed  efforts  along  the  same  line. 

*  *  * 

THREE  VERMONT  Pomona  Granges 
derived  their  name  from  prominent 
Americans,  Justin  S.  Morrill,  Ethan 
Allen  and  Calvin  Coolidge.  The  past 
year  in  Vermont  Grange  work  has  been 
a  very  successful  one  and  present  mem¬ 
bership  is  at  the  highest  point  of  Ver¬ 
mont’s  entire  Grange  history  of  almost 
three-quarters  of  a  century. 


•  Every  twenty-four  hours  the  Bell  System  handles 
an  average  of  85  million  calls. 

•  This  is  an  all-time  record,  of  course,  and  it’s  all 
because  every  one  is  busy  in  a  nation  at  war  —  you 
and  your  neighbors  on  the  farm  —  the  people  in  the 
factories  —  and  the  boys  in  the  service. 

•  The  Bell  System  is  installing  many  millions  of 
dollars’  worth  of  new  equipment  to  help  take  care 
of  these  extra  telephone  needs.  We  realize  that  tele¬ 
phone  communication  in  this  emergency  is  vitally 
important.  And  we  intend  to  do  everything  possible 
at  all  times  to  get  the  calls  through. 

BELL  TELEPHONE  SYSTEM 


ALWAYS  use  the  complete  address 
when  answering  advertise¬ 
ments,  and  avoid  any  delay. 


If  Ruptured 
Try  This  Out 

Modern  Protection  Provides  Great 
Comfort  and  Holding  Security. 


Without  Tortuous  Truss  Wearing 


An  ’‘eye-opening”  revelation  in 
sensible  and  comfortable  reducible 
rupture  protection  may  be  yours  for 
the  asking,  without  cost  or  obliga¬ 
tion.  Simply  send  name  and  address 
to  William  S.  Rice,  Inc.,  Dept.  71-B, 
Adams,  N.  Y.,  and  full  details  of 
the  new  and  different  Rice  Method 
will  be  sent  you  Free.  Without  hard 
flesh-gouging  pads  or  tormenting 
pressure,  here’s  a  Support  that  has 
brought  joy  and  comfort  to  thou¬ 
sands  —  by  releasing  them  from 
Trusses  with  springs  and  straps  that 
bind  and  cut.  Designed  to  securely 
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belongs  and  yet  give  freedom  of  body 
and  genuine  comfort.  For  full  in¬ 
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.  ...., ... ....... 

. 

Rational  defense 
of  your  well  being 

For  sunshine  and  real  rest  or  for  all  the 
golf,  fishing,  bathing,  or  gay  evening  di¬ 
version  you  can  pack  in,  come  to  Sara¬ 
sota,  smart  resort  of  Florida's  West  Coast 
—to  The  Sarasota  Terrace,  foremost  of 
Sarasota's  RESORT  hotels.  Outstanding 
for  food  and  service.  First  class  in  every 
respect.  Moderate  rates.  Booklet-write 

TIMOTHY  M.  HALL,  MANAGER 

9/oic/ 

SARASOTA 

TERRACE 

SARASOTA,  FLORIDA 

A  Collier  Florida  Hotel 
GEORGE  H.  MASON,  PRESIDENT 


BUY  DEFENSE  BONDS 


(186)  24 


Ai  fierican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


SAVE  m  MEAT  •  •  •  • 


—(Photo  courtesy  Corning  Glass  Works) 


by  Grace  Watkins  Huckett 


PATRIOTISM  begins  in  the 
kitchen  these  days,  with  nutri¬ 
tion  and  economy  our  watch¬ 
words.  So  whether  you  buy  your 
meat  or  raise  it,1  you  will  want  to 
make  it  go  farther,  and  at  the  same 
time  see  that  the  family  is  well  fed 
and  happy  about  it.  You  can  do  this 
in  at  least  two  ways:  i.  Use  the  less 
tender  cuts  of  meat,  such  as  flank, 
neck,  shank,  plate,  brisket  (they  have 
just  as  much  food  value  as  tender 
cuts)  ;  and  2.  Extend  the  meat  flavor 
by  using  stews,  meat  loaves,  casse¬ 
role  dishes,  etc. 

The  main  thing  to  remember  in 
cooking  any  kind  of  meat,  if  you 
want  to  have  it  tender,  juicy  and  to 
save  fuel,  is  to  cook  it  at  a  low  tem¬ 
perature.  For  tender  cuts,  use  dry 
heat,  do  not  cover,  and  do  not  add 
any  water.  For  the  less  tender  cuts, 
use  moist  heat,  cover  and  cook  long¬ 
er  than  tender  cuts.  One  way  of  ten¬ 
derizing  tougher  cuts  is  to  put  them 
through  the  meat  chopper. 

Here  are  some  excellent  recipes 
using  low-cost  meats : 

VEAL  LOAF 

1(4  lbs.  ground  veal  shoulder  (4  teaspoon  popper 
(4  lb.  ground  pork  shoulder  I  egg 
(4  cup  cracker  crumbs  (4  cup  milk 

2  teaspoons  salt  I  tablespoon  lemon  juice 

(4  teaspoon  celery  salt 

Mix  crumbs,  egg,  lemon  juice  and 
seasonings  together.  Add  milk  and 
ground  meat  and  blend  together  well. 
Place  in  a  2  lb.  loaf  pan  and  lay  strips 
of  salt  pork  over  the  top,  and  bake  at 
300°  F.  for  1  y2  hrs.  If  desired  3  h^rd- 
cooked  eggs  may  be  buried  end  to  end 
in  the  center  of  the  loaf.  Serve  hot  or 
cold.  (Serves  6). 


STUFFED  HAMBURGER  LOAF 

2  lbs.  ground  beef  I  cup  dry  bread  crumbs 

I  chopped  green  pepper  Vz  cup  water 

I  chopped  onion  I  egg 

I  tablespoon  salt  2  slices  bacon 

I  tablespoon  Worcestershire  Dressing 
Sauce  Vz  teaspoon  sage 

Combine  all  ingredients.  Mix  well. 
Make  a  layer  of  one-half  the  meat  mix¬ 
ture  in  a  deep  9-inch  pan.  Cover  with 
dressing.  Press  remaining  meat  mix¬ 
ture  over  dressing.  Place  bacon  on 
top.  Bake  in  a  moderate  oven  (350°  F.) 
for  one  hour.  Serves  8. 

Dressing 

i/4  cup  butter  (4  cup  chopped  onion 

2  cups  dry  bread  crumbs  (4  cup  chopped  celery 

1  cup  water  14  teaspoon  salt 

(4  teaspoon  pepper 

Melt  butter.  Combine  all  ingredi¬ 
ents.  Mix  well. 

Variations :  Instead  of  the  bread 

crumb  stuffing,  white  or  sweet  potato 
forcemeat  may  b£  used: 

Potato  Forcemeat 

2  cups  mashed  potato  !4  cup  of  milk 

I  teaspoon  grated  onion  2  tablespoons  fat 

(4  teaspoon  paprika  I  teaspoon  sage 

I  teaspoon  salt  2  eggs,  beaten 

The  potato  should  be  hot.  Add  other 
ingredients,  mixing  thoroughly.  For 
sweetpotato  forcemeat,  use  hot  mashed 
sweet  potatoes,  seasoning  with  butter 
and  salt  and  moistening  with  hot  milk. 


CHILI  CON  CARNE 


(4  pound  chili  or  red  kid¬ 
ney  beans 

I  pound  ground  lean  beef 
!4  pound  suet 

Salt 


I  medium  onion 
I  or  2  cloves  garlio 
Chili  powder 
Paprika 


Soak  beans  overnight  in  about  twice 
their  volume  of  water.  Cook  in  salted 
water  until  almost  tender.  Fry  onion 


For  a  tasty,  hearty,  economical  and  nutritious  meat  dish,  why  not  try  the 
“Dutch  Frankfurters”  illustrated  above.  Read  how  to  prepare  them  on  this  page. 


and  garlic  in  suet  and  cook  the  meat 
in  this  for  a  short  time.  Add  this  mix¬ 
ture  to  the  beans,  and  season  to  taste 
with  chili  powder,  paprika  and  salt. 
Cook  slowly  about  an  hour  until  mix¬ 
ture  thickens. 

CAMPFIRE  STEW 

1  pound  hamburger  I  onion 

Flour  I  can  vegetable  soup 

2  tablespoons  fat  Salt  and  pepper 

Form  hamburger  into  small  balls, 
with  salt  and  pepper  to  taste;  roll  in 
flour.  Melt  fat;  slice  onion  into  fat  and 
fry  lightly  until  onion  is  yellow.  Brown 
the  meat  balls  in  this  fat.  Pour  over 
the  meat  one  can  of  vegetable  soup. 
Cover  and  cook  slowly  until  meat  is 
done. 

For  STEWS,  the  meat  is  cut  in 
small  pieces  but  not  ground.  The  meat 
flavor  which  permeates  the  vegetables 
makes  the  meat  go  further. 

LAMB  STEW 


|'/2  pounds  lamb  shoulder 
2  tablespoons  fat 
6  small  white  onions 
I  small  bunch  of  celery 


6  small  carrots 
6  small  potatoes 
l'/2  teaspoon  salt 
I  cauliflower,  boiled 


Have  lamb  shoulder  or  breast  or 
neck  cut  into  small  pieces.  Season 
with  salt  and  pepper.  Heat  fat  and 
brown  the  meat  well  on  all  sides,  then 
cover  with  boiling  water.  Cover  ket¬ 
tle  and  simmer  meat  gently  until  it  is 
tender,  or  for  about  2  hours.  At  the 
end  of  an  hour  of  cooking,  add  celery 
cut  in  3-inch  lengths,  the  carrots  cut 
in  quarters  lengthwise,  and  the  onions. 
Cook  the  cauliflower  separately  and  do 
not  break  it  into  flowerets.  In  serving, 
place  cauliflower  in  the  center  of  the 
platter,  then  place  the  pieces  of  meat 
around  it  and  arrange  celery  in  one 
place  on  the  platter,  the  onions  in  an¬ 
other,  and  the  carrots  in  another.  A 
stew  is  much  more  attractive  if  the  in¬ 
gredients  do  not  lose  their  identity. 
Thicken  the  gravy  and  pour  it  over  all. 

Other  meat  bargains  in  food  value 


are  liver,  kidneys,  brains  and  heart. 
They  are  usually  lower  in  cost  than 
many  other  meats,  and  are  often  high¬ 
er  in  nutritive  value.  Liver,  of  course, 
is  tops  when  it  comes  to  food  value, 
giving  us  iron,  and  vitamins  A  and  B. 
Pig  liver  is  lowest  in  cost  and  highest 
in  iron.  Try  the  following  recipe  for 
“Liver  and  Sausage  Rolls”  on  your 
family,  and  see  if  they  don’t  insist  on 
getting  it  often: 


liver  and  sausage  rolls 


I  lb.  liver  Salt  Pepper 

%  lb.  bulk  pork  sausage  (4  cup  water 


Have  liver  sliced  one-fourth  inch 
thick.  Trim  away  coarse  membrane 
and  cut  into  pieces  about  3x3  inches. 
Shape  sausage  into*  small  rolls  and 
wrap  each  with  a  slice  of  liver.  Fasten 
with  a  wooden  pick  or  string.  Place 
in  baking  dish,  season  and  add  water. 
Bake  covered  for  45  min.  in  a  moder¬ 
ate  oven  (350°  F.).  Remove  cover 
last  15  min.  to  brown.  (Serves  6). 

If  the  sausage  is  lacking,  a  very 
good  stuffing  may  be  used  instead: 


Stuffing  for  Rolls 


2  cups  bread  crumbs 
I  cup  stock 

I  teaspoon  chopped  parsley 
I  teaspoon  celery 


Vz  onion,  chopped 
2  slices  bacon,  chopped 
Vz  teaspoon  salt 
!4  teaspoon1  pepper 


BREAD  DRESSING  FOR  FRANK¬ 
FURTER  CROWN 


14  lb.  ground  pork 
<4  cup  grated  onions 
2  sliced  frankfurters 
I  teaspoon  salt 
(4  teaspoon  pepper 


I  teaspoon  poultry  season¬ 
ing 

I  loaf  bread  (broken  into 
small  pieces) 

I  egg 


Brown  ground  pork  and  grated 
onions.  Add  sliced  frankfurters,  salt, 


pepper,  poultry  seasoning,  bread,  egg, 
and  enough  liquid  to  hold  dressing  to¬ 
gether.  Mix  thoroughly.  Heap  dressing 
in  a  compact  mound  in  a  roasting  pan. 
Thread  1  y2  pounds  frankfurters  on  a 
string;  arrange  around  dressing  and 
tie.  Around  middle  fasten  3  or  4  slices 
of  bacon,  pinned  securely  with  tooth¬ 
picks.  Loosen  frankfurters  a  little  at 


the  top.  Place  in  a  moderate  oven 
(350°  F.)  for  about  20  min.  Remove 
carefully  to  a  hot  platter.  Serve  with 
tomato  sauce. 

DUTCH  FRANKFURTERS 

5  cups  sauerkraut  I  pound  frankfurters 

I  cup  water 

Place  half  of  the  sauerkraut  in  a 
two-quart  saucepan;  arrange  five  of  the 
frankfurters  on  top  of  this.  Cover 
with  remainder  of  sauerkraut;  place 
other  frankfurters  around  the  edges, 
leaving  the  middle  for  dumplings.  Add 
water  to  sauerkraut  and  heat  to  boil¬ 
ing  over  direct  heat.  (5  Servings). 
Dumplings 

1  cup  flour  I  egg 

2  teaspoons  baking  powder  1(4  tablespoons  melted 

Vz  teaspoon  salt  shortening 

Vb  teaspoon  pepper  (4  cup  milk 

Sift  dry  ingredients  together.  Add 
well  beaten  egg,  shortening  and  milk. 
Combine.  Drop  dumpling  mixture  in 
by  teaspoonfuls;  cover  and  cook  for 
about  20  min.,  being  careful  not  to  re¬ 
move  the  cover  during  cooking  time. 
Garnish  with  parsley  and  serve. 


SALMON  SAVORY 


Although  fish  is  not  properly  classed 
as  meat,  it  is  an  excellent  source  of  pro¬ 
tein  food,  not  to  mention  its  value  as 
a  goiter  preventive: 


2  cups  cuoked  celery 

1  cup  cooked  onions 
1(4  cups  medium  white 

sauce 

2  cups  salmon 

2  tablespoons  butter 


1  cup  canned  peas 

1(4  cups  dry  bread  crumbs 
(4  teaspoon  salt 
(4  teaspoon  paprika 

2  hard  cooked  eggs, 
sliced 


Use  left-over  celery  or  onions,  or  par¬ 
tially  cook  fresh  ones  while  preparing 
white  sauce.  Combine  salmon,  sliced 
eggs,  white  sauce,  seasonings  and  vege¬ 
tables;  then  pour  this  mixture  into  a 
buttered  baking  dish  which  has  been 
lined  with  about  half  of  the  bread 
crumbs.  Cover  with  rest  of  bread 
crumbs  and  dot  with  butter.  Bake  mix¬ 
ture  from  10  to  15  min.  in  a  hot  oven, 
about  450°  F. 


American  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


25  (187) 


Something  New ! 

AMONG  THINGS  that  are  going  to 
get  scarcer  and  scarcer  as  this  war 
goes  on,  and  that  may  fade  out  of  the 
picture  altogether  later,  are  zippers, 
buttons  and  other  fastenings  for 
frocks.  So  fashion  designers  are  al¬ 
ready  giving  us  the  snapless,  button¬ 
less,  zipperless  dress.  Secret  is  that 
dresses  are  made  full  enough  througn 
the  waist  to  allow  for  getting  in  and 
out,  with  a  belt  to  hold  the  fulness  in. 
We  are  featuring  one  of  these  new 
dresses  this  time  in  Pattern  No.  2509. 

WAR  ECONOMY  FROCK  No.  2509 
is  designed  to  save  the  metal  so  vital 
for  victory  since  it  requires  no  snaps, 
hooks  or  eyes,  buttons  or  other  fasten¬ 
ers.  Also,  it  is  ideal  for  defense  duty, 
besides  being  the  type  of  dress  which 
any  woman  would  like  to  have  in  her 
wardrobe.  Pattern  sizes  are  12  to  40. 
Size  16,  314  yards.  39-in.  fabric. 

DRESS  PATTERN  No.  3379  has  an 
air  of  smartness  and  service.  The 


^JUL 

BOYNANfKY 

‘1  knew  you’d  be  surprised  to  see 
how  our  vacuum  cleaners  work!” 


larger  figure  will  welcome  its  slimming 
contour,  yet  any  figure  can  wear  it  to 
advantage.  Sizes  are  36  to  52.  Size 
36,  3%  yds.  39-in.  fabric  for  dress; 
y2  yd.  35-in.  contrasting  for  collar. 
(Bolero  is  simulated.) 

CUTE  TWO-SOME  FOR  KINDER¬ 
GARTENERS  No.  2548  is  made  up  of 
a  pretty  frock,  easy  enough  for  the 
beginner  to  sew  and  a  wearable  coat 
cut  in  the  classic  military  manner. 
Sizes  6  mos.,  1,  2,  3,  4  yrs.  Size  2, 
1  y2  yds.  35-in.  fabric  for  dress,  3  yds. 
ruffling;  %  yd.  35-in.  contrasting  for 
heart  appliques;  214  yds.  for  coat;  % 
yd.  contrasting  for  appliques.  Ap¬ 
pliques  are  included  in  pattern. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address, 
pattern  size  .and  number  clearly  and 
enclose  15c  in  stamps.  Address  Pat¬ 
tern  Department,  American  Agricul¬ 
turist,  10  North  Cherry  St.,  Pough¬ 
keepsie,  New  York.  Add  12c  for  a 
copy  of  our  new  Spring  Fashion  cata¬ 
log. 


§ 


Today  in 

Aunt  Janet's  Carden 


Save  Those  Seedlings 

Almost  every  year  I  get  my  little  plants 
up  above  the  soil  and  then  lose  a  lot  of 
them.  I  tried  to  be  very  careful  about 
watering  but  still  have  trouble.  Is  there 
any  easy  way  of  preventing  this  loss? 
—Mrs.  E.  S. 


IT  IS  NOT  altogether  a  question  of 
proper  watering.  This  “damping 
off”,  as  it  is  called,  results  from  harm¬ 
ful  fungi  in  the  soil  which  are  always 
ready  to  rot  seeds  and  attack  seedlings 
as  soon  as  they  emerge.  But  like  oth¬ 
er  diseases  this  one  has  a  cure,  namely 
formaldehyde. 

Use  2  y2  tablespoons  of  40%  formal¬ 
dehyde  per  bushel  of  soil  or  1  level 
tablespoon  for  each  flat  of  soil  20 
inches  long,  14  inches  wide  and  2% 
inches  deep.  Dissolve  the  material  in 
five  or  six  parts  of  water,  sprinkle  the 
solution  over  the  soil  and  mix  it  in 
thoroughly.  Place  the  treated  soil  in 
flats  and  allow  it  to  stand  24  hours 
before  planting  the  seed.  After  the 
seeds  are  sown,  water  the  soil  thor¬ 
oughly. 

The  same  idea  may  be  applied  on  a 
larger  scale  to  seedbeds  or  borders 
where  root  rots  or  wilts  have  given 
trouble.  Use  the  formalin  solution,  1 
gal.  to  50  gal.  of  water,  drench  the 
soil  thoroughly,  2  quarts  of  solution 
per  square  foot,  Cover  the  area  for 
a  few  days  with  tar  paper  or  building 
paper  weighted  down.  Remove  the 
paper,  and  wait  until  every  trace  of 
formalin  odor  is  gone  before  planting, 
a  week  or  more;  stir  soil  occasionally. 


— a.  a. — 

When  to  Remove  Mulch 

I  am  wondering  what  is  the  best  time 
to  remove  the  mulch  from  my  perennial 
borders.  As  soon  as  the  ground  froze,  I 
had  it  covered  with  strawy  manure  and 
it  seems  to  me  that  with  the  brighter, 
longer  days  we  are  having  now  it  is 
about  time  to  remove  the  cover.  What 
is  your  advice? — M.  R. 

1WISH  I  might  give  you  a  definite 
date  upon  which  it  is  safe  to  remove 
mulch.  The  trouble  is  that  each  year 
presents  a  different  problem  and  you 
can  only  use  your  own  judgment  and 
hope  for  the  best. 

However,  it  is  safe  practice  to  re¬ 
move  the  heavier  part  of  the  litter  first, 
as  soon  as  the  ground  warms  up  a  bit. 
Then  the  lighter  part  may  either  be  re¬ 
moved  or  scratched  in  to  act  as  a  sum¬ 
mer  mulch.  It  is  a  good  plan  to  stir 
the  mulch  lightly  several  times  before 
actually  removing  any.  This  allows 
air  to  get  underneath  and  prevent  rot¬ 
ting. 


★  ★  .  ★  ★  ★  ★  ★  ★  ★ 


CONSERVE  FUEL? 


★  ★★★★★★  ★★ 


UTICA  Boilers  and 
Radiators  are  efficient 
and  economical. 


Our  Government  asks  everyone  to  save 
fuel  and  fuel  conservation  starts  with 
modernization.  An  effective  heating 
system  will  burn  less  fuel  and  give  better 
results  with  lower  maintenance.  The 
small  difference  in  price  between  a  good 
and  poor  heating  plant  is  quickly  saved 
through  lower  fuel  bills.  It  pays  to  have 
a  good  heating  system. 

Repair  for  Defense 

If  you  are  able  to  repair  your  heating  system  to 
put  it  in  good  working  order,  the  Government 
urges  you  to  do  so.  If  not,  however,  now  is  the 
time  to  install  a  good  heating  system  to  assure 
yourself  of  heating  comfort  for  years  to  come. 

Consult  Your  Local  Dealer 

Your  local  dealer,  who  is  our  representative,  is 
best  able  to  serve  you  and  he  will  be  glad  to 
inspect  your  heating  plant  and  give  you  a  free 
estimate  of  the  cost  of  repairs  or  replacement. 
A  generous  time-payment  plan  is  still  available 
with  a  moderate  down  payment,  eighteen 
months  to  pay  and  small  monthly  payments. 

UTICA  RADIATOR 

CORPORATION 

UTICA,  N.Y. 


HEED  THIS 
ADVICE! 

If  this  “middle-age” 
period  in  a  woman’s 
life  (38  to  52)  makes  you  cranky, 
nervous,  blue  at  times,  suffer  dizzi¬ 
ness,  hot  flashes,  distress  of  “irregu¬ 
larities”  —  try  Lydia  E.  Pinkham’s 
Vegetable  Compound  —  famous  for 
helping  relieve  distress— due  to  this 
functional  disturbance.  Taken  reg¬ 
ularly,  it  helps  build  up  resistance 
against  symptoms  due  to  this  cause. 

Thousands  upon  thousands  of 
women  have  reported  remarkable 
benefits  from  the  use  of  Pinkham’s 
Vegetable  Compound.  Worth  trying! 
Follow  label  directions. 


?  CHEER  UP  YOUR  HOME 

®  With  Wall  Paper 

$ 

I 

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More  decorating  hints  this  year.  Ex¬ 
clusive  colors  in  pleasing  combina¬ 
tions;  wide  variety  of  patterns,  modern 
and  period.  Unusual  borders;  large 
samples.  Quality  wall  papers  at  low 
wholesale  prices;  delivered  postage 
prepaid.  Add  gayety  or  charm  to  your 
home;  write  today. 

PENN  WALL  PAPER  MILLS 
Dept.  76  Philadelphia,  Pa.  | 


Jo  Relieve 
Misery 


CM2666 

^ LIQUID. TABLETS.  SALVE,  NOSE  DROPS 


Don’t  Let  Your  Accident 

Insurance  Policy  Run  Out 

If  you  have  been  notified  that  your  policy  is  to  run  out 
soon,  renew  it  right  away  with  our  agent  or  direct 
to  the  office. 

North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co. 

N.  A.  ASSOCIATES  DEPT. 

10  NORTH  CHERRY  ST.,  POUGHKEEPSIE.  N.  Y. 


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Book  makes  baking 
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DAVIS 

COOK  BOOK 

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I  enclose  10c  and  label  from 
a  can  of  Davis  Baking  Powder 
for  my  copy  of  Davis  Masfer 
Pattern  Baking  Formulas. 


State 


(188)  26 


Ar  lerican  Agriculturist.  March  14,  1942 


MI0IYOV&  1 

m &F 


i  for  y°ul 

.•beverage, 
pensively, 

,  from  mid- 

[ts  alkaline 
,ht  f  atigue? 

>  r3”  W°Be 

vigorous, 

thirst  calls 


Mlt 

^^t-calea* 

daily 

•  ■ -„a>  Sugses' 

ducmg,  for 

*°ur 


the  fynxMii 


The  Amateur  Poet’s 
Corner 


WAR  USED  to  be  almost  entirely 
a  man’s  job,  but  the  present  one 
is  being  called  “a  woman’s  war”  be¬ 
cause  production,  conservation,  nutri¬ 
tion,  and  morale  are  all-important  in  it. 
We  women  are  being  asked  to  do  three 
things  primarily: 


Keep  Fit.  To  keep  our  families  phy¬ 
sically  fit,  feed  them  a  really  nutritious 
diet,  one  that  includes 
daily  servings  of  the 
‘‘protective  foods”  — 
milk,  whole  grain  cer¬ 
eals  and  breads,  green 
and  yellow  vegeta¬ 
bles,  eggs,  meat,  cit¬ 
rus  and  other  fruits. 

Save.  Save  every¬ 
thing.  Make  the  most 
of  what  we  have  — 
clothes,  pots  and  pans,  furniture,  house¬ 
hold  equipment,  etc.,  for  all  goods  are 
getting  scarcer  and  what  we  have  must 
be  made  to  last  as  long  as  possible. 
Labor  and  machines  are  needed  for 
the  production  of  war  goods,  and  the 
more  consumer  goods  we  demand,  the 
longer  it  will  take  to  win  this  war. 


Rofuse  to  Hoard.  Women  do 
most  of  the  buying  for  family  needs, 
and  naturally  they  are  anxious  about 
having  necessary  supplies,  but  none  of 
us  want  to  be  hoarders  and  take  advan¬ 
tage  of  our  neighbor  in  a  war  time 
emergency.  Rural  people,  of  course, 
do  need  to  buy  some  things  ahead,  as 
they  can’t  make  as  many  trips  to  the 
store  as  city  people  can,  particularly 
now  when  we  have  to  conserve  tires. 
In  the  case  of  farm  supplies,  equip¬ 
ment,  seeds,  etc.,  the  farmer  not  only 
should,  but  is  being  urged  to  get  his 
order  in  early,  as  these'  things  are 
necessary  tobls  without  which  he  can¬ 
not  operate. 

We  have  had  many  questions  about 
future  supplies  of  this  and  that,  and 
we  are  giving  you  below  the  best  in¬ 
formation  that  we  have  been  able  to 
gather  to  date: 


STOCKINGS:  No  silk  stockings  manu¬ 
factured  after  June.  Nylon  will  gradu¬ 
ally  disappear  (government  needs  ny¬ 
lon  for  parachute  cloth).  Full-fashion¬ 
ed  cotton  stockings  will  be  scarce,  as 
grade  of  cotton  needed  for  them  is  hard 
to  get.  The  only  full-fashioned  stock¬ 
ing  in  sight  is  a  rayon  stocking,  which 
will  in  weight  equal  a  5-thread  silk 
stocking.  When  you  wash  these  rayon 
stockings,  you  will  need  to  let  them 
dry  from  18  to  24  hours  before  hand¬ 
ling  or  wearing,  or  you  will  have  a 
stocking  full  of  holes.  The  tensile 
strength  of  rayon  is  next  to  nothing 
when  the  fabric  is  moist. 


GOODS  BY  THE  YARD:  Plenty  of  raw 
cotton,  but  shortage  of  machinery  and 
labor  (due  to  war  needs)  affects  sup¬ 
ply  of  processed  goods.  Fewer  pat¬ 
terns  will  be  available.  Both  store  and 
customer  will  soon  have  to  take  what 
they  can  get.  Hundred  per  cent  wool 
goods  scarce.  All  kinds  of  rayon  fab¬ 
rics  are  appearing,  and  many  arc  very 
attractive  and  serviceable.  Rayon,  in 
fact,  is  being  used  in  every  way  im¬ 
aginable.  Watch  out  for  many  new 
fabrics,  some  of  which  are  beautiful  to 
look  at  but  cannot  be  washed  or  dry 
cleaned. 


READY-MADES:  All  garments  which 
contain  wool  are  labeled  to  show  per¬ 
centage  of  virgin  wool,  rayon  and  wool, 
re-processed  wool,  etc.  Same  is  true 
of  blankets.  Hundred  per  cent  wool 
garments  will  be  scarce  from  now  on. 
Very  few  “real  silk”  dresses  this 
spring.  Lots  of  crown  rayon,  shark¬ 
skin,  celanese,  rayon,  bemberg,  etc. 
These  fabrics  wear  well  if  washing  and 
cleaning  instructions,  which  come  with 
garment,  are  carefully  followed.  Some 


of  these  garments  cannot  be  washed, 
but  are  so  labeled. 

ZIPPERS:  A  new  “Victory  Zipper” 
will  soon  appear,  but  it  can  only  be 
used  on  dresses  and  other  garments 
which  do  not  need  frequent  washing 
or  cleaning.  Not  rust  proof.  Incident¬ 
ally,  take  a  good  look  at  Pattern  No. 
2509  on  page  25,  the  new  snapless, 
buttonless,  zipperless  dress.  We’ll  see 
lots  of  these  before  the  war  is  over. 

CANNED  FOODS:  War  Production 
Board  has  issued  an  order  which  will 
soon  take  “non-essential”  canned  foods 
off  the  grocer’s  shelves.  “Non-essen¬ 
tial”  means  any  food  which  can  be  pre¬ 
served  without  canning  or  processing. 
No  more  canned  dog  food,  pork  and 
beans,  spaghetti  with  tomato  sauce, 
etc.  Staples  which  we  used  to  buy 
in  bulk  and  take  home  in  a  paper  bag 
will  return  to  that  status:  for  instance, 
coffee,  postum,  cocoa,  spices. 

No  shortage  of  essential  foods  is 
seen  now  or  in  the  fairly  remote  future, 
but  we  won’t  be  able  to  get  luxuries. 
Sugar,  of  course,  is  to  be  rationed,  and 
molasses  is  under  the  same  restrictions 
as  sugar.  We  expect  that  there  will 
be  plenty  of  sugar  for  canning  and 
preserving,  but  as  yet  have  no  definite 
information.  As  soon  as  we  do,  we 
will  give  it  to  our  readers.  Food  prices 
will  continue  to  advance,  and  we  can 
expect  considerable  rationing  and  price 
ceilings  in  the  future. 

SOAP:  War  Production  Board  declar¬ 
ed  in  a  recent  statement  that  due  to 
the  fact  that  soap  will  represent  a  by¬ 
product  in  the  production  of  the  great 
amount  of  glycerine  needed  to  manu¬ 
facture  explosives  to  defeat  the  Axis 
“there  is  likely  to  be  enough  soap  in 
1942  to  scrub  this  land  and  most  of 
the  things  in  it.” 

HONEY:  In  order  to  assure  maximum 
honey  production,  the  sugar  section  of 
War  Production  Board  has  advised  bee 
producers  and  apiarists  that  they  will 
receive  the  sugar  they  need  to  keep 
their  bees  alive.  Honey  will  be  used 
by  a  lot  of  families  who  never  thought 
much  about  it  before.  Incidentally, 
did  you  ever  try  honey  with  fresh  ber¬ 
ries  and  cream?  Or  on  your  cereal, 
or  pancakes,  or  waffles?  It’s  a  treat! 

— a. a. — 

HOW  TO  "SUGAR  OFF” 

ON  SUGAR 

1 —  Cut  down  amount  used  in  bever¬ 
ages.  Stir  well.  Every -grain  of  un¬ 
dissolved  sugar  in  a  cup  is  pure  waste. 

2 —  Use  less  on  cereals.  Cook  dried 
fruits  in  cereals  or  add  stewed  fruit 
when  serving. 

3 —  Use  the  minimum  amount  called  for 
in  recipes.  Often  the  measure  may  be 
scanted  somewhat  without  materially 
affecting  the  product. 

4—  Omit  extras,  such  as  rich  frostings 
for  cakes.  Use  fruit  fillings,  egg  white 
beaten  with  jam  or  jelly  and  other 
palatable  substitutes  for  frostings. 

5 —  Use  less  sweet  varieties  of  cookies 
and  cakes. 

6 —  Use  all  syrups  from  fruits,  pickle 
juices  for  salads  or  for  basting,  etc. 

7 —  Simmer  dried  fruits  slowly  to  bring 
out  the  natural  sweetness.  Make  pud¬ 
dings  with  dried  fruits  such  as  raisins 
or  dates  which  provide  much  of  the 
sweetening. 

8 —  Use  other  naturally  sweet  foods  as 
much  as  possible,  honey,  cane  syrups, 
molasses,  sorghum,  corn  syrup  and 
maple  syrup. 

In  the  next  issue  of  American  Agri¬ 
culturist,  we  will  give  you  some  grand 
recipes  for  “Maple  Desserts”- — every¬ 
thing  from  ice  cream  to  gingerbread. 
There  will  even  be  a  maple  custard 


Because  of  the  number  of  contributions, 
(ve  do  not  return  poems  not  published. 
Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

The  limit  in  length  is  sixteen  (16)  lines 
and  each  poem  submitted  for  this  corner 
must  be  original  and  the  work  of  an 
amateur  poet.  Therefore,  when  sending 
in  a  poem,  be  sure  to  state  whether  you 
are  the  author  of  it.  $2.00  will  be  paid 
for  each  one  printed.  Check  will  be  mail¬ 
ed  on  or  about  the  first  day  of  month 
following  publication. 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist .  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca.  N.  Y. 

W  AKE  UP,  AMERICA! 

Wake  up,  wake  up,  America! 

And  buy  more  bonds  today. 

They’re  hurling  death  upon  our  boys 
On  the  Road  to  Mandalay! 

They’re  pounding  at  MacArthur, 
They’ve  rolled  o’er  Singapore, 

They’re  drowning  gallant  sailor  lads 
Along  our  Jersey  shore! 

Of  what  avail  are  prayers  and  tears 
If  money  is  our  love, 

And  our  boys  stand  defenseless 
From  the  circling  death  above? 

The  time  is  late;  we’ve  dreamed  too 
long  — 

We  must  give,  and  work,  and  pray! 
Wake  up,  wake  up,  America! 

And  buy  more  bonds  today! 

— Mrs.  Stephen  F.  Becker, 
Flemington,  N.  J. 


pie!  Don’t  miss  these  delicious  recipes. 
They  will  help  you  to  take  the  family’s 
mind  off  that  empty  sugar  bowl. 


—  a.  a. — 


MEAD  AND  SAVE 


Garments  that  once  would  have  gone 
into  the  rag-bag  are  now  coming  to 
be  the  center  of  attention,  not  only  in 
homes  but  in  colleges  of  home  eco¬ 
nomics.  Last  month,  at  the  Cornell 
Farm  and  Home  Week,  one  of  the  most 
interesting  and  crowded  exhibits  was 
“The  Sewing  Center,”  where  visitors 
saw  garments  whose  lives  had  been 
doubled  by  clever  mending,  darning, 
and  patching.  There  were  out-of-the- 
elbow  sweaters  restored  to  practically 
original  appearance  and  use;  worn  table 
linen  reinforced  by  machine  stitching; 
cleverly  patched  pants;  gloves  and  mit¬ 
tens  with  decoratively  darned  finger 
tips,  and  a  host  of  other  things. 

We  were  so  impressed  with  the  ex¬ 
hibit  that  we  have  arranged  with  the 
specialists  who  had  charge  of  it — Pro¬ 
fessor  Mildred  Carney  and  Mrs.  Julia 
Strahan — for  a  series  of  short,  illustrat¬ 
ed  lessons  on  how  to  mend.  These 
will  appear  regularly  in  American 
Agriculturist  from  now  on,  and  we  ad¬ 
vise  you  to  cut  them  out  and  save 
them.  You  will  find  them  extremely 
valuable  aids  in  conserving  the  family’s 
clothes  and  in  doing  your  part  as  a 
homemaker  in  the  war  effort. 


MENDING  A  GLOVE 

Lesson  No.  1 

A  simple  method  of  mending  a  leath- 
r  glove  which  has  burst  at  the  seams 

is  to  buttonhole 
the  seam  edges, 


and  then  draw 
these  reinforc¬ 
ed  edges  to¬ 
gether  with  the 
o  v  e  r  h  anding 
stitch.  Use  mer¬ 
cerized  thread 
of  the  same  col¬ 
or  as  the  glove. 


Al  terican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


27  (189) 


"%/e  Mudt  Mot  Jlade” 


( Continued  from- Page  1) 


about  this.  All  we  have  to  know  is  a 
small  part  of  the  suffering  that  is 
going  on  in  the  conquered  countries  of 
Europe  under  the  heel  of  the  Germans. 
Then  you  get  some  idea  of  what  we  are 
fighting  for  and  why  we  must  fight. 
Remember  that  Germans  consider  all 
other  nationalities  inferior  to  theirs. 
Remember  that  they  are  fighting  for 
the  control  of  the  world  by  the  Ger¬ 
man  people.  That  means  slavery  for 
the  rest  of  us'  if  the  Germans  win.  We 
have  had  what  we  call  hard  times  in 
this  country,  but  we  don’t  know  a 
thing  about  what  real  hard  times  are. 
If  we  lose  this  war  we  may  well  have 
the  experience  of  watching  our  women 
and  children  starve  by  the  thousands, 
as  women  and  children  are  starving  by 
the  thousands  all  over  Europe  today. 

You  say:  “Well,  I  am  a  farmer.  I 
can  keep  from  starving  with  the 
produce  of  my  own  farm.” 

You  are  wrong.  The  enemy  would 
take  it.  In  Poland  and  in  France  to¬ 
day,  the  Germans  are  using  great 
forty-plow  machines.  They  have  mov¬ 
ed  people  off  their  farms,  to  starve  in 
the  villages  or  in  concentration  camps, 
and  they  run  those  gigantic  plows 
right  through  the  line  fences,  operat¬ 
ing  hundreds  of  acres  in  the  one  field. 
And  they  take  the  produce  to  Ger¬ 
many.  The  Jews  are  not  the  only  peo¬ 
ple  the  Germans  are  determined  to 
exterminate.  The  Poles  and  the  Serbs 
are  being  permitted  by  the  Germans 
to  die  by  the  thousands  this  winter 
from  starvation,  as  a  part  of  the  Ger¬ 
man  policy  of  “Deutschland  uber 
alles,”  (Germany  over  all)  which  un¬ 
der  present  German  practice  means 
death  and  extermination  to  all  races 
whom  they  dislike  or  who  resist. 

Driven  from  Their  Homes 

One  of  our  American  Agriculturist 
editors  has  a  friend  in  what  is  now 
Occupied  France.  «  The  last  letter  that 
came  from  this  French  woman  told 
how  the  Germans  had  moved  in,  driv¬ 
ing  the  Frenchmen  out  of  their  homes. 


and  occupying  every  good  home  in 
the  section.  That  was  the  last  news 
received  from  this  friend,  and  it  was 
sent  in  July,  1940,  before  the  German 
censorship  got  organized.  Every  day' 
or  two  the  Germans  pick  up  from  ten 
to  twenty-five  innocent  Frenchmen  or 
Belgians .  or  Poles,  stand  them  up 
against  a  wall,  and  shoot  them  down, 
because  they  either  won’t  or  cannot 
tell  of  some  attack  on  a  German  officer. 

We  think  European  conditions  are 
far  away,  that  they  cannot 
happen  here.  Don’t  think  that 
the  German  leadership  hasn’t 
thought  longingly  of  the  rich 
resources  of  America,  nor  that 
they  have  not  made  careful 
plans  on  how  to  dominate 
every  one  of  our  industries,  in¬ 
cluding  agriculture,  with  Ger¬ 
man  leadership  and  control,  if 
they  win. 

If  the  Axis  wins,  everything 
in  the  way  of  freedom  that 
the  Anglo-Saxons  have  been  fighting 
for  since  the  Magna  Charta  was  forced 
on  bad  King  John  a  thousand  years  ago 
would  be  gone.  So  would  all  personal 
initiative,  all  freedom  of  action,  of 
speech,  and  of  the  press.  How  long  do 
you  think  American  Agriculturist  could 
exist,  with  its  policy  of  giving  you  the 
facts  straight  from  the  shoulder  and 
letting  the  chips  fall  where  they  may? 
If  the  Axis  wins,  the  people  of  America 

would  know  just  what  the  Germans 
wanted  them  to  know.  We  never  could 

act  together,  because  we  would  never 
have  the  truth  on  which  to  act.  The 
American  people  don’t  realize  the  tre¬ 
mendous  educational  service  rendered 
by  our  high-grade  daily  and  weekly 
newspapers. 

When  You  Have  a  Boy  In  It 

It  is  unfortunate  in  one  way  that 
this  war  is  so  far  away,  because  to 
many  of  us  it  does  not  seem  real.  In 
the  Civil  War,  almost  every  family  had 


Mall  his  seed,  he  says  In 
times  like  this  we  need  to 
know^  that  ev’ry  seed  will 
grow,  for  vacant  spots  in  any 
row  will  cut  production,  ev’ry 
hill  that’s  missing  on  our 
acres  will  mean  some  one’s 
hungry  for  the  food  we’d 
raise  if  that  there  seed  was 
good.'  And  so  he  gits  his 
samples  out  to  see  if  ev’ry 
seed  will  sprout,  there  ain’t 
no  patriot,  he  said,  will  plant 
his  field  with  seed  that’s 
dead.  He  sorts  and  grades 
his  seed  with  care  because 
he  wants  to  do  his  share  for 
ev’ryone  who  works  or  fights, 
so  they  won’t  go  to  bed  at 
nights  until  they’ve  had  a 
hearty  meal,  he  says  a  farm¬ 
er  ought  to  feel  responsible 
for  this  year’s  crop — produc¬ 
tion  mustn’t  be  a  flop.  « 

My  neighbor’s  an  ambitious 
cuss,  it  would  be  fine  if  all 
of  us  would  follow  his  ex¬ 
ample  for  our  food  will  help  to  win  the  war.  But  yet  I  hardly  see  the 
need  of  sittin’  up  nights  with  my  seed,  they  say  morale’s  important,  so 
I’d  rather  go  and  see  a  show,  in  spring  if  I  am  full  of  pep,  I’ll  raise  lots 
more  than  if  I’d  kept  myself  a-toilin’  day  by  day  and  never  took  no  time 
for  play.  It  would  be  mighty  tragical  if  I  should  lose  all  my  morale, 
I’ve  got  to  rest  and  store  up  vim,  and  as  for  neighbor,  I’ll  let  him  sort 
out  his  seed  and  count  each  sprout,  when  fall  comes  I’ll  bet  I’ll  come  out 
as  well  as  he;  I’ll  plant  my  seed  a  little  thicker,  what’s  the  need  of  sortin’ 
out  the  ones  that’s  dead,  I’ll  plant  a  little  more  instead. 


one  or  more  members  in  it.  We  may 
come  to  that  in  this  war.  But  most 
of  us  are  only  just  beginning  to  realize 
now  what  it  means  to  have  our  own 
sons  in  the  ranks  and  how  necessary  it 
is  to  do  everything  we  can  to  support 
those  boys  in  their  fight  for  us  and  for 
America.  MacArthur’s  men  in  the 
Philippines,  drawing  $30  a  month,  and 
living  in  fox  holes,  risking  their  lives 
every  day,  are  not  much  concerned 
over  the  small  worries  and  irritations 
of  peace  time.  They  are  in  the  deadly 
serious  business  of  winning  the  war 
for  America,  and  they  know  that  any 
day  they  may  make  the  supreme  sacri¬ 
fice.  All  minor  things  fade  out  as 
against  the  one  great 
necessity. 

What  we  do  this  year 
will  determine  to  a  great 
extent  what  we  will  have 
to  give  in  blood  and  sac- 
rifice  in  the  years  to  come. 

Whether  we  have  a  boy 
in  the  ranks  or  not,  we 
are  all  in  this  war  right 
now,  and  that  goes  for 
food  producers  especially.  Since  the  first 
pioneer  colonists  began  contending 
with  the  Indians  to  the  present  mo¬ 
ment,  the  farm  people  of  America  have 
contributed  more  toward  winning  wars 
and  preserving  the  liberties  of  this 
country  than  anyone  else.  They  will 
now,  in  spite  of  the  irritations,  in  spite 
of  the  problems,  in  spite  of  the  long 
hours  of  hard  work  for  many  farmers 
who  are  not  physically  able  to  work 
such  long  hours.  We  have  just  got  to 
do  it!  And  we  are  going  to  win! 

So,  reserving  their  right  to  construc¬ 
tive  criticism,  their  right  to  tell  a 
bureaucrat  or  a  labor  baron  where  to 
head  in,  their  right  to  stand  up  for 
their  own  rights  as  farmers,  the  farm 
people  of  America,  as  their  fathers  be- 


OLD  HOME 

By  Anne  Murry  Movius. 

The  old  home  that  we  built  one  day 
Holds  all  my  dreams  along  the  way. 
But  now  my  homeward  path  must  wend 
To  the  new  house  near  the  river’s  bend. 
My  wayward  heart  is  only  filled 
With  longings  that  will  not  be  stilled. 

So  small  and  dear — old  home  bereft — 
My  heart  the  only  tenant  left. 

fore  them,  will  do  their  share  and 
more  in  this,  the  greatest  crisis  the 
nation  has  ever  faced,  to  save  America 
and  the  freedom  and  opportunities  for 
which  it  stands,  for  ourselves,  our  chil¬ 
dren,  and  our  children’s  children. 

— a.  a. — 

Mrs.  Clark’s  Symphony 
Title  Wins  Prize 

Our  congratulations  go  to  Mrs.  G. 
Lawson  Clark,  of  Claremont,  N.  H., 
who  won  the  $10  cash  prize  which  we 
offered  on  Sept.  27  for  a  title  for  an 
American  Agriculturist  symphony.  Her 
title,  “America’s  Dawn  and  Destiny,” 
was  judged  to  be  the  best  of  the  many 
titles  which  readers  submitted.  Com¬ 
poser  of  the  symphony  is  the  talented 
musician  Dexter  Davison  of  Rutland, 
Vermont,  and  New  York  City,  who  had 
the  idea  of  writing  a  symphony  in 
honor  of  American  Agriculturist’s  one 
hundred  years  of  service  to  northeast¬ 
ern  farm  folks.  The  composition  has 
a  patriotic  theme,  and  expresses  the 
hopes  and  fears  of  our  people  during 
the  past  century.  It  describes  the 
situation  in  which  we  find  ourselves 
today,  and  ends  with  a  stirring  expres¬ 
sion  of  confidence  that  the  future  we 
hope  for  will  be  realized. 


J 


JULIET,  REMEMBER. 
IF  YOU  BAKE  AT 
HOME,  THE  ONLY 
YEASTfcWITH  ALL 
THESE  VITAMINS 
IS  FLEISCHMANNS 


O.  so  GLOW 


*Per  Cake:  Vitamin  A— 2000  Units  (ltll.)  Vitamin  B,— 150  Units  (Int.) 
Vitamin  D — 400  Units  ( Int .)  Vitamin  G— 40-50  Units  (Sh.  Bour.) 

All  of  these  vitamins  go  tight  into  yout  bread;  they  ate  not  appreciably 
lost  in  the  oven.  Ask  for  Fleischmann's  Fresh  Yeast — With  the  yellow  label. 


(190)  28 


Ai  ierican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


THE  FARM  .MAYS 


TO  FORRID  STATE  TAX  , 
OX  REAL  ESTATE 

Assemblyman  Maurice  Whitney  of 
Rensselaer  County  has  proposed  an 
amendment  to  the  New  York  State 
Constitution  to  prohibit  the  levying  of 
a  direct  state  tax  on  real  estate.  The 
proposal  has  the  support  of  the  Citi¬ 
zens’  Public  Expenditure  Survey  of 
Albany  and  the  New  York  State  As¬ 
sociation  of  Towns. 

It  has  been  some  years  since  there 
has  been  a  direct  state  tax  on  real 
estate  in  New  York,  and  American 
Agriculturist  had  a  big  part  in  getting 
that  state  tax  removed.  According  to 
Assemblyman  Whitney,  there  is  real 
danger,  unless  such  a  tax  is  definitely 
forbidden  by  an  amendment  to  the 
State  Constitution,  that  we  may  see  it 
proposed  and  perhaps  enacted  within 
the  next  few  years.  Mr.  Whitney 
further  states  that  about  half  of  the 
48  states  now  have  constitutional  pro¬ 
visions  to  protect  farms  and  homes 
from  direct  taxes  for  the  support  of 
state  governments. 

— a.  a. — 

LEXD-LEASE  PURCHASES 


Purchases  in  New  York  state  for 
Lend-Lease  shipment  to  this  country’s 
allies,  during  the  period  March  15, 
1941,  through  November  30,  1941,  are 
announced  by  L.  L.  Horch,  district 
supervisor  of  the  Surplus  Marketing 
Administration. 

Included  in  the  announced  list  of 
Lend-Lease  purchases  in  New  York 
State  are : 


Apples,  Dried 
Apples,  Fresh 
Dry  Beans 
Flour,  Graham 
Flour,  Enriched 
White 
Lard 

Canned  Meat 
Cured  and  Frozen 
Meat 
Oats 

Dried  Peaches 
Fresh  Green  Beans 
Fresh  Beets 
Fresh  Cabbage 
Fresh  Carrots 
Fresh  Corn 
Fresh  Tomatoes 
Fresh  Peaches 
Irish  Potatoes 
Dry  Whole  Milk 
Dried  Apple  Pomace 
Pork  Products 


320,000  pounds 
935,768  bushels 
20,000  bags  (100  lbs.) 
20,750  barrels 

238,000  barrels 
2,785,804  pounds 
1,650,096  pounds 

1,506,821  pounds 
45,000  bushels 
25,000  pounds 
187  bushels 
2,527  bushels 
1,090  bushels 
14,414  bushels 


5,017 
3,744 
1,980 
306,014 
1,282,500  pounds 
729,000  pounds 
150,000  pounds 


bushels 

bushels 

bushels 

bushels 


Oat  Cereal  3,691,220  pounds 

Canned  Tomatoes  17,000  cases 
Canned  Snap  Beans  1,600  cases 


Soy  Beans 
Beef  Suet 
Canned  Peaches 
Canned  Pears 
Canned  Peas 
Dry  Split  Peas 
Pectin 

Canned  Potatoes 
Grass  Seeds 
Vegetable  Seeds 
Dry  Skim  Milk 
Cheese 

Evaporated  Milk 
Canned  Chicken 
Dried  Eggs 
Frozen  Eggs 
Shell  Eggs 
“These  SMA 


5,820,000  pounds 
11,460  pounds 
60,000  cases 
11,000  cases 
14,819  cases 
24,000  pounds 
495,000  pounds 
26,000  cases 
882,850  pounds 
35,656  pounds 
4,642,400  pounds 
3,599,042  pounds 
981,000  cases 
659,872  pounds 
2,441,375  pounds 
3,401,490  pounds 
47,476  cases 


purchases,’’  says  Mr. 
Horch,  “contribute  in  two  ways  to  the 
war  effort,  first,  by  helping  to  stabilize 
farm  markets,  and  second  by  provid¬ 
ing  food  for  civilians  in  allied  coun¬ 
tries.” 

Delay  in  the  release  of  the  figures 
was  to  prevent  the  giving  of  military 
information  to  the  enemy. 

.  — a.  a. — 

BUY  WHEAT 

Poultrymen  as  well  as  dairymen  have 
a  wonderful  opportunity  to  save  on 
feed  costs  by  laying  in  a  supply  of 
Government  wheat.  As  you  have 
doubtless  heard,  the  Government  has 
released  100,000,000  bushels  of  "ever- 


normal  granary”  wheat,  and  a  lot  of 
it  is  coming  into  the  Northeast.  It 
can  be  bought  at  a  price  around  $35,00 
a  ton,  depending  on  the  location. 

—  a.  a.  — 

PRICE  COXTROL 

Northeastern  farmers  are  much  dis¬ 
turbed  over  the  apparent  intention  of 
government  agencies  to  hold  down 
prices  of  farm  products.  The  thing 
which  looms  largest  in  the  farmers’ 
minds  is  the  control  of  the  prices  of  his 
products  and  the  marked  lack  of  con¬ 
trol  of  wages  of  labor,  which  forms  a 
large  part  of  the  cost  of  what  they 
have  to  buy. 

There  are  several  reasons  why  prices 
rise,  among  them  being  an  increased 
demand  by  the  consuming  public  and 
a  lower  supply  of  what  the  public 
wants  to  buy.  Other  countries  at  war 
have  fixed  prices,  sometimes  by  licens¬ 
ing  or,  as  in  the  case  of  Germany,  by 
the  firing  squad.  The  opinion  is  held 
by  many  that,  in  this  country,  price 
ceilings  will  be  flexible — that  is,  they 
will  be  held  down  until  public  clamor 
causes  an  increase.  The  chief  result 
of  such  a  policy  is  the  slowing  down 
of  price  increases  rather  than  a  rigid 
pontrol. 

Looking  at  the  situation  from  a  long¬ 
term  point  of  view,  we  believe  that 
more  and  more  food  will  be  needed  for 
our  Army  and  for  our  allies,  and  that 
a  price  will  be  paid  for  it  which  will 
get  it  and  which  will  make  the  grow¬ 
ing  of  it  profitable. 

—  A.  A. — 

CAXXED  OXIOXS! 

Two  years  ago  the  firm  of  Olney  and 
Carpenter,  of  Wolcott,  N.  Y.,  began 
the  experiment  of  canning  onions.  The 
success  of  the  project  exceeded  all 
their  fondest  expectations. 

In  1941  the  same  company,  in  their 
plant  at  Eden,  N.  Y.,  went  into  the 
canning  of  onions  extensively.  The 
vegetables  were  trucked  in  from  Elba 
and  other  muck  farmlands  at  the  rate 
of  twelve  to  fifteen  tons  daily.  The 
size  best  suited  for  canning  is  an  inch 
to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  diameter. 

In  the  factory  they  were  scalded, 
then  peeled  by  machine,  trimmed  by 
hand,  graded,  put  in  cans,  where  brine 
flavored  with  lemon  juice,  salt  and 
sugar  was  added,  tins  closed  under 
vacuum  and  cooked  in  the  cans.  The 
resulting  product  may  be  used  in  any 
of  the  many  ways  in  which  cooked 
onions  are  usually  served  by  the  house¬ 
wife,  without  any  of  the  discomforts 
of  home  preparation  of  the  vegetable. 

Another  discovery  was  made  about 
onions  when  the  factory  set  its  two 
hundred  or  more  women  to  trimming 
by  han’d.  After  the  first  fifteen  or 
twenty  minutes’  work  it  is  only  in  rare 
cases  that  the  onions  continue  to  an¬ 
noy  the  workers.  An  immunity  seems 
to  develop  against  the  quality  in  the 
onions  which  causes  the  tears  in  the 
eyes  of  the  usual  housewife  doing  only 
a  few  at  a  time.  An  expert  trimmer 
can  handle  fifteen  gallons  of  onions 
a  day. 

From  October  to  the  middle  of  Janu¬ 
ary  Olney  and  Carpenter  have  packed 
and  sold  about  forty  thousand  cases  of 
canned  onions.  Their  chief  markets 
so  far  are  New  York  City,  the  New 
England  States,  and  other  states  along 
the  eastern  coast. 

The  welcome  that  this  canned  prod¬ 
uct  is  receiving  speaks  well  for  its 
future,  and  when  we  consider  that  the 
onion  contains  Vitamins  B  and  C,  that, 
to  the  vitamin  conscious  world  of  to¬ 
day,  should  do  much  to  bring  this 
vegetable  up  to  where  it  is  considered 


a  “social  equal”  of  all  other  vitamin 
laden  vegetables. 

Now,  however,  war  conditions  may 
affect  this  newest  of  canned  products. 
There  is  a  shortage  of  tin,  govern¬ 
ment  restrictions  on  canneries.  There 
may  be  a  tip  in  this  for  the  housewife. 
Why  not  “can”  onions  in  the  home  just 
as  now  are  done  carrots,  beans,  corn, 
peas  and  almost  all  other  vegetables? 

It  may  necessitate  a  little  experi¬ 
ment  to  perfect  a  home  process  that 
would  assure  a  delicious  result,  but  to 
any  woman  who  has  canned  corn  or 
any  such  vegetables,  all  alike  in  their 
preparation,  the  onion  should  yield  to 
an  easy  conquest. — E.  Weller. 

—  A.  A. — 

FARM  RRIEFS 

March  15  is  the  deadline  for  filling 
out  federal  income  tax  returns.  This 
is  a  reminder  that  all  farmers  who  are 
married  and  took  in  more  than  $1500 
in  1941  must  make  returns.  The  ex¬ 
emption  for  unmarried  men  is  $750. 
It  is  your  responsibility  to  fill  out  a 
return. 

*  *  * 

March  17  is  the  date  of  an  important 
meeting  of  the  Northeastern  Poultry 
Producers’  Council  at  the  Hotel  New 
Yorker,  New  York  City.  The  meeting 
will  be  of  particular  interest  to  hatch- 
erymen  and  breeders  who  are  invited 
to  attend.  J.  W.  Kinghorne  of  the 
Surplus  Marketing  Administration  is 
listed  as  one  of  the  speakers. 

*  *  * 

The  New  York  State  Poultry  Coun¬ 
cil  has  elected  John  Rice  of  Trumans- 
burg  chairman.  William  Mapes  of 
Middletown  was  chosen  as  the  Coun¬ 
cil’s  representative  on  the  State  Con¬ 
ference  Board  of  Farm  Organizations, 
and  Robert  Woods  of  Baldwinsville  was 
named  as  Director  for  the  state  on  the 
Northeastern  Poultry  Producers’  Coun¬ 
cil. 

*  *  * 

J.  J.  Walsh  of  Cassville  has  been 
elected  as  President  of  New  York 
State  Turkey  Growers.  E.  D.  Merrill 
of  Webster  is  Vice-President,  and  E. 
L  Coons  of  Glpversville,  Secretary- 
Treasurer. 

*  *  * 

Charles  Wicks  of  Oxbow,  New  York, 
v/as  recently  reelected  President  of  the 
St.  Lawrence  County  Ayrshire  Breed¬ 
ers’  Association.  Other  officers  are : 
Vice-President,  Lawrence  Cuthbert  of 
Ogdensburg;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Don 
Stacy  of  Canton. 

*  *  * 

The  March  issue  of  the  Delaware 
County,  N.  Y.,  Farm  and  Home  Bureau 
News  carries  a  list  of  more  than  a 
hundred  used  farm  machines  which  are 
for  sale  in  that  county.  Many  of  these 
need  repairs,  but  in  the  hands  of  the 
right  man,  they  will  do  the  job  for 
another  year  or  two.  It  is  an  idea 
that  could  well  be  adopted  in  every 
county. 

J  *  *  * 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  R.  P.  Smith  of  Ripley, 
Chautauqua  County,  New  York,  have 
been  Grange  members  since  1905.  Mr. 
Smith  has  held  the  office  of  Master 
twice,  and  Mrs.  Smith  was  Lecturer 
for  nine  years. 

*  *  * 

L.  R.  Simons,  Director  of  Extension 
at  the  New  York  State  College  of 

Agriculture,  has  been  named  to  serve 
on  a  National  Committee  on  War- 
Time  Extension  Work.  He  was  ap¬ 
pointed  by  M.  L.  Wilson,  Federal  Di¬ 
rector  of  Extension. 

*  *  * 

Assemblyman  E.  J.  Lonis  of  Hanni¬ 
bal,  New  York,  has  for  years  given 
much  of  his  time  to  the  development  of 
the  Central  New  York  Regional  Mar¬ 
ket  at  Syracuse.  At  the  meeting  of 
the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Market 
last  summer,  Mr.  Lonis’  associates  en¬ 
tered  on  the  minutes  a  tribute  to  him 
for  his  many  years  of  service.  Mr. 
Lonis  was  President  of  the  Regional 


Market  Authority  from  1939  to  1941, 
and  is  still  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Directors. 

*  *  * 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Tri- 
County  Poultry  Group,  consisting  of 
Fulton,  Montgomery  and  Schenectady 
counties,  the  group  voted  to  join  the 
New  York  State  Poultry  Council  under 
the  name  of  Mohawk  Valley  Poultry 
Forum.  Albert  Fonda  of  Fonda,  New 
York,  was  elected  Chairman  for  one 
year;  and  County  Agent  Clarence 
Johnson,  Secretary-Treasurer. 

— a.  a. — 

OUTSTAXDIXG  RECORDS 

A  herd  of  twenty  Holsteins,  owned 
by  Allen  Hand  of  Greenwich,  Wash¬ 
ington  County,  New  York,  was  high 
herd  among  Dairy  Herd  Improvement 
Associations  in  January.  The  herd 
averaged  1824  lbs.  of  milk  and  60.8  lbs. 
of  butterfat. 

The  largest  305-day  record  reported 
during  the  month  was  12,636  lbs.  of 
milk  and  741.3  lbs.  of  butterfat.  The 
cow  was  a  Jersey  owned  by  Nellie 
Quimby  of  Hamburg,  Erie  County. 

Several  lifetime  records  of  100,000 
lbs.  of  milk  or  3,000  lbs.  of  butterfat 
have  been  made  recently.  One  was  by 
a  Guernsey  cow  owned  by  Simon  West 
of  Coldwater,  Monroe  County;  and 
Holstein  cows  owned  by  R.  M.  and  J. 
H.  Stone  of  Marcellus,  Onondaga  Coun¬ 
ty,  and  by  Saltsman  Farms  of  Virgil, 
Cortland  County. 

— a.  a. — 

WIXXERS 

Following  are  some  of  the  winners 
in  the  Baby  Chick  and  Egg  Show  held 
recently  at  the  State  School  of  Agri¬ 
culture,  Farmingdale,  Long  Island: 

Eeghorn  Chicks  ( breeder  class )  — 
Harry  Schnell,  Melville,  L.  I. 

New  Hampshire  Class — Fred  Heuer, 
Sayville. 

Hatchery  Class — Ketay’s  Hatchery, 
Huntington. 

If-H  Baby  Chick  Class — Jean  Oakley, 
Bay  shore. 

Eggs — High  scorer,  Thomas  Watson, 
Nesconset;  large  brown  eggs,  Dugan 
Poultry  Farm,  Syosset. 

It -H  Egg  Show — Extra  large  whites, 
William  Midgley,  Peconic;  large 
whites,  Lou  Berger,  Smithtown  Branch. 

Eggs  were  judged  by  Professor  F. 
P.  Jeffrey  of  Rutgers  and  chicks  by 
Professor  R.  C.  Ogle  of  Cornell. 

Eight  New  York  State  4-H  Clubs 
entered  the  1941  4-H  Dairy  Club  Con¬ 
test.  The  eight  clubs  had  261  mem¬ 
bers  owning  717  head  of  cattle,  94.5 
per  cent  of  which  were  registered 
purebreds.  The  winners  in  order  were : 

1st,  Chenango  County;  2nd,  Broome 
County;  3rd,  Orange  County;  4th, 
South  Kortright  of  Delaware  County; 
5th,  Chemung  County;  6th,  Rensselaer 
County;  7th,  Frisky  Squirrels  of  Dela¬ 
ware  County;  andl  8th,  Oneida  County. 


EDWARD  HEIXAMAX 

Edward  Heinaman,  Bath,  New  York, 
died  recently  at  his  home  at  the  age 
of  85  years.  Mr.  Heinaman  was  one 
of  New  York  State’s  oldest  Master 
Farmers,  and  was  active  until  shortly 
before  his  death.  Over  the  years,  he 
bred  an  outstanding  herd  of  Holstein 
cattle,  and  was  active  in  the  Steuben 
County  Farm  Bureau  and  other  farm 
organizations  in  the  county. 

GEORGE  COLLAMER 

George  Collamer  of  Hilton,  New 
York,  died  at  St.  Petersburg,  Florida, 
on  February  18.  Since  1906,  he  has 
been  associated  with  his  brother  under 
the  firm  name  of  E.  E.  &  G.  R.  Colla¬ 
mer  in  the  growing  of  about  400  acres 
of  orchards. 

Mr.  Collamer  was  widely  known  in 
western  New  York  as  a  progressive 
fruit  grower. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist.  March  14,  1942 


29  ( 191) 


*7 he  Market  feasixunete/i 


CANNING  CROP  PRICES 

The  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture 
has  guaranteed  minimum  prices  to 
canners  for  canned  tomatoes  and  peas. 
To  take  advantage  of  the  offer  to  sell 
to  the  Surplus  Marketing  Administra¬ 
tion,  the  canners  must  be  certified  by 
the  War  Board  as  having  paid  farmers 
the  minimum  prices  set  by  the  U.  S. 
D.  A.  for  tomatoes  and  peas,  or  more. 
For  tomatoes,  the  minimum  price  for 
New  York  State  is  $19  a  ton  on  a  flat 
basis,  while  on  the  graded  basis  the 
price  should  average  at  least  that 
amount.  For  peas,  the  minimum  price 
is  $17.50  a  ton  more  than  the  average 
price  paid  in  1940,  which  in  New  York 
has  been  figured  as  $51.90. 

Prices  quoted  are  minimum,  and 
there  is  nothing  to  prevent  growers 
from  bargaining  for  higher  prices. 


—  a.  a. — 


HAY  PRICES 

The  New  York  State  Department  of 
Agriculture  and  Markets  reports  that 
farmers  are  buying  a  good  grade  of 
baled  hay  at  a  price  ranging  from  $26 
to  $27  a  ton  delivered  to  the  farm. 
Alfalfa  hay  costs  $30. 

Where  farmers  have  hay  to  sell, 
prices  for  baled  mixed  hay  are  around 
$14  a  ton  at  the  farm. 

It  is  stated  that  there  is  enough  hay 
in  the  country  to  go  around  if  it  can 
be  gotten  to  the  farms  where  it  is 
needed. 

—  a.  a.  — 

DRY  REANS  CHEAPER 

Government  regulations  sometimes 
affect  prices  in  ways  not  altogether 
anticipated.  As  a  result,  when  the  gov¬ 
ernment  order  preventing  the  use  of 
tin  cans  for  pork  and  beans  came 
through,  there  was  an  immediate  in¬ 
crease  in  the  price  of  canned  beans  and 
a  corresponding  decrease  in  the  price 
of  dry  beans. 

Incidentally,  we  hear  rumors  that  a 
new  process  has  been  developed  for 
coating  sheet  steel  without  the  use  of 
tin,  thereby  making  a  product  which 
can  be  lacquered  or  enameled  and  us¬ 
ed  for  making  cans  for  food  stuff. 

— a.  a. — 

HENS  "SHELLING  OCT” 

Compared  with  January  1,  1941,  New 
York  State  poultrymen  on  January  1 
this  year  owned  6%  more  hens;  U.  S. 
farmers,  11%.  U.  S.  egg  production  for 
the  month  of  January  made  a  record 
for  that  month,  both  in  production  per 
bird  and  in  total  eggs,  with  an  in¬ 
crease  of  17%  over  January  a  year 
ago  and  52%  more  than  the  average 
for  January  1931-40.  January  produc¬ 
tion  for  New  York  State  totaled  12,- 
667,000  doz.,  just  about  the  same  as 
January  last  year. 

The  U.  S.  goal  for  1942  called  for  a 
9%  increase  over  1941,  and  the  Janu¬ 
ary  egg  production  figures  indicate 
that  this  goal  is  likely  to  be  reached. 

U.  S.  poultrymen  have  expressed  in¬ 
tentions  to  buy  12%  more  baby 
chicks  this  year  than  they  did  last 
year.  Seldom  are  these  intentions  car¬ 
ried  out  100%,  but  they  give  a  good 
indication  of  what  may  happen. 

Cold  storage  stocks  of  eggs  on  Feb¬ 
ruary  1  were  34%  higher  than  a  year 
ago;  and  cold  storage  stocks  of  frozen 
poultry  were  7%  above  a  year  ago. 

On  a  country-wide  basis,  the  rela¬ 
tionship  between  feed  prices  and  egg 
prices  has  been  favorable.  New  York 
poultrymen  get  a  little  more  for  eggs 
than  the  average  for  the  country  and 
pay  considerably  more  for  feed.  In 
January,  the  State  Department  of 
Agriculture  and  Markets  reported  that 


on  the  average,  7.05  doz.  eggs  would 
buy  100  lbs.  of  poultry  feed.  A  year 
ago  it  took  8.85  doz.  to  buy  100  lbs. 
For  the  month  of  December  15  to  Jan¬ 
uary  15,  egg  prices  dropped  8%.  The 
average  seasonal  drop  for  other  years 
during  those  'four  weeks  has  been 
about  21%. 

— a.  a. — 

FEWER  FRUIT  TREES 

With  the  exception  of  peaches,  which 
showed  a  3%  increase,  the  last  Census 
showed  fewer  fruit  trees  in  the  United 
States  in  1940  than  in  1935.  The  de¬ 
crease  in  apples  was  28  %  ;  pears,  26  % ; 
sour  cherries,  20%;  sweet  cherries, 
14%;  grapes,  excluding  California, 
29%. 

In  New  York  State  the  decrease  in 
apple  trees  between  1935  and  1940  was 
36%.  The  number  of  peach  trees  in 
New  York  decreased  11%  between 
those  years.  In  the  same  period,  the 
number  of  pear  trees  decreased  45%; 
sour  cherries,  14  % ;  grapes,  21  % . 

These  figures  should  be  helpful  in 
making  plans  for  setting  out  fruits  in 
coming  years.  The  production  of  apples 
has  been  maintained  fairly  high.  Many 
old  orchards  are  still  producing,  and 
yields  per  tree  have  been  increased 
through  better  control  of  insects  and 
disease,  proper  pollination,  and  better 
management;  but  it  is  easy  to  figure 
that  total  fruit  production  will  decline 
unless  new  plantings  are  made.  This  is 
particularly  important  when  we  realize 
that  it  takes  several  years  after  setting 
for  fruits  to  produce  profitable  crops. 

—  A.  a. — 


FARM  SUPPLIES 

Worst  shortages  in  supplies  are  in 
tin,  rubber,  manganese,  burlap,  hemp, 
and  sugar.  Dealers  are  forbidden  to 
cut  up  pure  manila  rope  into  short 
lengths;  and  when  supplies  of  manila 
rope  now  in  warehouses  are  used  up, 
there  will  be  no  more.  In  fact,  there 
is  a  good  chance  that  the  manila  rope 
we  have  will  be  requisitioned  by  the 
Army. 

One  way  farmers  can  lessen  the 
pinch  of  the  burlap  shortage  is  to  make 
each  bag  make  as  many  ' trips  as  pos¬ 
sible.  That  means  storing  feed  on  the 
farm  in  bins,  barrels  or  drums,  and 
getting  bags  back  to  the  feed  dealer 
as  quickly  as  possible. 

Trucks  used v  exclusively  for  farm 
work  or  for  hauling  hay,  grain  or 
straw  to  the  market  are  eligible  for 
new  tires.  Retreads  are  also  under  ra¬ 
tion,  and  retreading  is,  at  present, 
limited  to  truck  tires. 

A.  E.  Bowman,  Chief  of  the  Sugar 
Section  of  the  War  Production  Board, 
assures  housewives  that  every  effort 
will  be  made  to  have  sugar  available 
for  home  canning. 

Bale  ties  are  short.  Recently  the 
New  York  State  College  of  Agriculture 
developed  a  gadget  for  straightening 
used  bale  ties.  If  you  are  interested, 
drop  us  a  post  card,  and  we  will  see 
that  you  get  plans  for  making  it. 

It  is  reported  that  there  are  plenty 
of  boxes  for  marketing  fruits  and  vege¬ 
tables.  However,  they  are  in  knocked 
down  condition  and  it  is  going  to  be 
difficult  to  get  nails  to  put  them  to¬ 
gether.  Bushel  baskets  will  be  plenti¬ 
ful,  and  it  seems  certain  that  they  will 
be  used  more  than  usual  as  containers. 

—a.  a. — 

USED  EGG  CASES 

On  February  23,  the  O.P.A.  issued 
a  temporary  price  regulation  on  used 
egg  cases.  Top  prices  were  given  as 
those  prevailing  between  February  17 
and  February  21.  Under  this  schedule, 
the  maximum  prices  for  used  cases  in 


the  East  is  22c  for  No.  1,  17c  for  No. 

2,  and  12c  for  No.  3. 

This  will  probably  have  the  effect 
of  cutting  down  the  keeping  of  store 
cases  for  a  possible  rise  in  price.  Some 
new  cases  have  been  moved  into  the 
Northeast  to  relieve  the  situation.  The 
price  will  be  much  higher  than  for  us¬ 
ed  cases. 

— a.  a. — 

MORE  COWS  ON  FARMS 

On  January  1,  New  York  State  dairy¬ 
men  owned  1,442,000  cows  and  heifers 
two  years  old  and  over.  This  number 
was  1%  greater  than  the  number  on 
farms  a  year  ago,  and  the  greatest 
since  1923.  Apparently  the  upward 
trend  in  dairy  cow  numbers  has  been 
checked;  yearling  heifers  and  heifer 
calves  on  dairy  farms  on  January  1 
totaled  579,000  head,  just  about  the 
same  number  as  a  year  ago  and  slight¬ 
ly  less  than  the  number  two  years  ago. 

For  the  entire  United  States,  the 
number  of  dairy  cows  increased  3  % 
during  1941,  bringing  the  number  up 
to  26,303,000,  second  highest  on  record. 
The  number  of  yearling  heifers  and 
heifer  calves  on  U.  S.  farms  is  the 
highest  on  record. 

'  New  York  State  milk  production  for 
the  year  1941  is  estimated  at  7,949,- 
000,000  lbs.,  an  increase  of  4%  over  the 
1940  production.  National  milk  produc¬ 
tion  for  1941  was  5%  higher  than  for 
1940.  So  far,  milk  production  in  1942 
has  been  above  the  corresponding  per¬ 
iod  a  year  ago. 

The  dollar  value  of  animals  on  farms 
has  increased,  ^he  value  of  cattle, 
horses,  hogs,  sheep,  mules,  chickens 
and  turkeys  in  New  York  State  was 
put  at  $233,555,000  on  January  1,  com¬ 
pared  to  $197,421,000  a  year  ago  and  a 
ten-year  average  of  $170,170,000.  On  a 
national  basis,  the  dollar  value  of  the 
same  kinds  of  animals  increased  to 
over  $7,000,000  from  a  little  more  than 
$5,000,000. 

On  February  1,  dairy  cows  were  get¬ 
ting  5%  more  grain  than  a  year  ago 
and  16%  more  than  the  average  fed 
between  1936  and  1940.  At  the  same 
time,  grain  cost  30%  more  than  a  year 
ago  and  26%  more  than  the  five-year 
average. 

The  average  price  of  milk  sold  was 
up  32%,  while  consumers  were  paying 
about  21  %  more  for  milk  than  they  did 
a  year  ago.  This  trend  is  as  it  should 
be.  During  the  depression  years,  we 
were  frequently  reminded  that  the 
prices  of  basic  commodities  (those 
which  have  not  yet  been  manufactur¬ 
ed  or  handled)  drop  faster  than  retail 
prices.  As  the  situation  is  reversed, 
prices  to  producers  should  go  up  more 
rapidly  than  prices  to  consumers.  That 
does  not  mean  than  producers  are  get¬ 
ting  more  than  they  should;  rather, 
that  they  are  more  nearly  getting  the 
price  they  should.  (See  page  3  for  fur¬ 
ther  comments  about  the  feed  situa¬ 
tion.) 

On  January  1,  there  were  2%  fewer 
horses  on  New  York  State  farms  than 
a  year  ago.  Already  we  are  hearing  of 
increased  interest  in  raising  colts.  If 
the  gasoline  supply  really  gets  short, 
many  farmers  will  wish  they  had  rais¬ 
ed  a  colt  or  two  a  couple  or  three  years 
ago. 

On  January  1,  there  were  3%  fewer 
sheep  on  New  York  State  farms  than 
a  year  ago,  2%  more  hogs,  6%  more 
chickens,  and  10%  more  turkeys. 

—  A.  A.  — 

EFFECTIVE  TEACHING 

At  a  G.L.F.  school  for  store  and 
field  men  held  recently,  H.  E.  Babcock 
demonstrated  a  new  and  striking  meth¬ 
od  of  teaching  which  might  well  be 
used  with  modification  by  teachers  and 
extension  men  everywhere. 

Instead  of  a  long  tiresome  speech 
Mr.  Babcock  dramatized  and  person¬ 
alized  the  different  kinds  of  work  that 
G.L.F.  is  doing  so  that  the  program 
was  easy  to  listen  to  and  the  points 
easy  to  remember.  On  a  big  stage 


Milk  Price  Estimate 

Administrator  Cladakis  has 
estimated  that  the  February  uni¬ 
form  milk  price  will  be  $2.55  a 
hundred.  If  this  estimate  is  cor¬ 
rect,  this  will  be  eight  cents  a 
hundred  less  than  the  January 
price. 

It  is  further  estimated  that 
February  deliveries  to  approved 
plants  will  total  445,000,000 
lbs.,  an  increase  of  9.5%  over 
the  amount  delivered  in  Febru¬ 
ary  a  year  ago. 


J 


were  representatives  of  the  many  dif¬ 
ferent  G.L.F.  services,  plainly  labeled 
with  big  signs.  By  a  series  of  cross- 
examining  questions,  Mr.  Babcock 
brought  out  in  a  short  time  a  clear 
picture  of  what  the  organization  is 
doing. 

Of  particular  interest  was  the  em¬ 
phasis  upon  nutrition,  showing  all  of 
the  steps  by  which  the  raw  product, 
like  wheat,  is  taken  to  the  consumer, 
and  how  both  the  hens  and  the  farm 
animals  are  fed  better  from  a  nutri¬ 
tional  standpoint  than  the  average 
human  being. 

This  meeting  was  only  one  of  sev¬ 
eral  days  session  of  employees,  held 
for  the  main  purpose  of  cutting  out 
all  unnecessary  and  inefficient  opera¬ 
tions  to  put  the  G.L.F.  on  a  war-time 
service  basis. 


Aimomomol 


a 

l 


1 


WGY  Farm 
PROGRAMS 


I 


Monday,  March  16th 
12:35 — “As  the  Frost  Goes  Out  of  the 
Ground,’’  Dr.  V.  B.  Hart. 

12:45 — “Rural  Education  in  the  News,’’ 
Francis  E.  Griffin. 

Tuesday,  March  17th 
12:35 — “The  Agricultural  Front,”  A.  W. 
Manchester. 

12:45 — Homemaker’s  Council,  “Should 
Patriotism  Affect  Food  Purchases?” 
Ulster  County  Home  Bureau. 

Wednesday,  March  18th 
12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“The  Farmer’s  Partner  in  Wartime,”  Ed 
W.  Mitchell. 

12:45 — Countryside  Talk,  Prof.  Bristow 
Adams. 

Thursday,  March  19th 
12:35 — “Diagnosing  Our  Soils,”  Lester 
H.  Smith. 

12:45 — Surplus  Marketing  Administra¬ 
tion. 

Friday,  March  20th 
12:35 — “Farm  Produce  Prices  and  Why,” 
H.  D.  Phillips. 

12:45— The  Home  Efficient,  “Touring  the 
Home  with  a  Sight  Meter,”  C.  D.  Hol¬ 
lister. 

Saturday,  March  21st 
12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “I  Believe 
in  Finishing  What  I  Start,”  Otsego 
County  (N.  Y.)  4-H  Clubs. 

12:45 — Grange  Views  and  News,  “Legis¬ 
lation  Under  Pressure,”  Rensselaer  Po¬ 
mona  Grange. 

Monday,  March  23rd 
12 :35— “Fertilizer  and  Defense,”  Prof. 
G.  H.  Serviss. 

Tuesday,  March  24th 
12 :35—' “Catching  Up  on  Hay  Supplies.” 
Rav  Bender. 

12:45— Homemaker’s  Council,  “How  Can 
We  Change  a  Family’s  Food  Habits”” 
Warren  County  Home  Bureau. 

Wednesday,  March  25th 
12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbao 
“The  Farmer’s  Partner  in  Wartime,”  Ed 
W.  Mitchell. 

12:45— Countryside  Talk,  Dr.  Robert 
Rienow. 

Thursday,  March  26th 

12:35 — “This  Spring  is  Different,”  J.  S. 
White. 

12:45 — Farm  Security  Administration. 
Friday,  March  27th 

12:35 — “The  Department  at  Work,”  Fos¬ 
ter  Potter. 

12:45 — The  Home  Efficient.  “Arithmetic 
After  Seven  P.  M.”,  C.  D.  Hollister. 
Saturday.  March  28th 
12:45— WRY  4-H  Fellowship,  “I  Believe 
in  Thinking  Before  Acting,”  Dutchess 
Countv  (N.  Y.l  4-H  Clubs. 

12:45 — Grange  Views  and  News,  "How 
We  Can  Help  the  Home  Defense  Bu- 

J  f  A  Iknmr  Dowiona  rironrro 


(192)  30 


A\  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


Kernels,  Screenings 
and  Chaff 

By  II.  E.  BABCOCK 


FOR  YEARS  I  have  been  driving 
a  car  between  Syracuse  and 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.  I  have  felt  that  I 
knew  every  foot  of  the  road,  every 
picture  in  the  scenery. 

A  few  days  ago  I  rode  from  Syra¬ 
cuse  to  Ithaca  in  a  bus.  I  presume 
that  my  seat  in  the  bus  was  three  feet 
or  so  higher  than  it  is  in  my  car. 
From  the  bus  window  I  viewed  every¬ 
thing  from  a  different  angle  than  the 
one  to  which  I  have  been  accustomed 
for  years. 

The  result  was  that  I  saw  dozens  of 
scenes  and  situations  which  were  brand 
new.  At  one  time,  after  a  short  doze, 
I  awoke  and  could  not  locate  myself 
for  a  moment. 

I  believe  that  there  is  a  lesson  in  my 
experience  on  this  bus  ride.  Perhaps 
we  can  view  things  from  the  same 
angle  too  long.  Just  a  slight  shift  in 
our  perspective  might  change  our 
positions  on  a  lot  of  things. 

I  have  made  a  pledge  to  remember 
my  bus  ride  whenever  I  find  myself 
becoming  too  sure  that  the  way  I  see 
things  is  the  right  way. 

(Editor’s  Note:  Check  and  double 
check!  For  years  I  have  driven  a  car 
from  my  home  to  the  office.  This  win¬ 
ter  I  have  been  walking  and  see  inter¬ 
esting  things  every  day  along  the  way 
that  I  never  saw  from  the  car. — E.R.E.) 

HEADING  SOUTHWEST 

As  soon  as  I  have  this  page  written 
I  am  starting  on  a  trip  which  will  take 
me  through  the  States  of  Louisiana, 
Texas,  Oklahoma  and  bring  me  to 
Roswell,  New  Mexico,  on  March  15,  if 
all  goes  well.  On  this  trip  I  expect  to 
see  a  lot  of  cotton,  rice  and  sugar  pro¬ 
duction.  These  are  crops  about  which  I 
have  very  little  first-hand  knowledge 
I  shall  talk  with  men  engaged  in  man¬ 
aging  cooperatives  which  are  market¬ 
ing  these  crops.  I  want  to  learn  o! 
their  marketing  problems  and  to  get 
first-hand  their  slants  on  questions  of 
national  farm  policy. 

When  I  get  to  Roswell,  I  will  have 
four  or  five  days  at  the  home  of  son 
Howard,  whose  “Down  Mexico  Way” 
notes  on  this  page  are  familiar  to  you. 
Howard  will  be  getting  under  way  to 
grow  his  second  crop  of  cotton.  From 
Roswell  it  is  easy  to  get  into  those 
great  areas  in  the  United  States — the 
so-called  range  states — which  are  de¬ 
voted  to  the  rearing  of  countless  thou¬ 
sands  of  sheep  and  cattle.  This  is 
country  which  I  particularly  love. 

I  want  to  observe  range  conditions 
after  last  year’s  abnormally  wet  sea¬ 
son.  I  want  to  see  how  sheep  and 
cattle  have  wintered.  There  are  re¬ 
ports  that,  despite  the  unusual  cover  of 
grass  on  the  open  range,  livestock  has 
not  done  well  this  winter.  Recently  I 
have  seen  the  analyses  of  some  range 
grasses  which  show  abnormally  low 
food  value. 

If  I  can  find  what  I  want  at  a  price 
I  can  afford  to  pay,  I  shall  buy  two  or 
three  carloads  of  Hereford  heifers  to 
ship  home.  Mostly,  however,  while  1 
am  at  Roswell  I  shall  concentrate  or 
son  Howard’s  farming  plans.  He  is  a 
reserve  officer  and  has  been  called  foi 
his  physical  examination.  Perhaps  1 
shall  soon  find  myself  with  farms  t( 
look  after  which  are  2,000  miles  apart 
and  as  opposite  in  their  practices  as 
the  poles. 

If  I  do,  I  shall  welcome  the  experi¬ 


ence.  It  should  give  me  a  better  un¬ 
derstanding  of  the  background  and 
points  of  view  of  a  number  of  impor¬ 
tant  farming  groups  about  which  we 
here  in  the  Northeast  know  but  little. 
Perhaps,  also,  I  can  bring  to  these 
groups  a  better  understanding  of  our 
northeastern  agriculture.  From  past 
observations  I  gather  that  they  think 
it  doesn’t  amount  to  much. 

GOVERNMENT  WHEAT 

When  we  got  into  the  liquidation  of 
our  ever-normal  haymow,  we  found, 
much  to  my  surprise,  that  there  was 
more  hay  in  it  than  we  thought.  To 
date,  we  Mve  baled  and  sold  some¬ 
thing  over  60  tons  of  hay,  and  it  looks 
as  though  there  was  a  good  chance  of 
baling  and  selling  15  to  20  tons  more 
and  still  have  enough  to  go  through 
to  grass. 

I  am  mentioning  this  matter  of  the 
ever-normal  haymow  because  this  is 
the  third  time  since  I  have  been  writ¬ 
ing  this  page  that  we  have  been  able 
to  make  a  substantial  financial  clean¬ 
up  by  selling  surplus  stocks  of  hay, 
accumulated  through  a  policy  of  never 
stocking  our  farm  so  heavily  that  in 
any  normal  year  we  would  use  up  all 
the  hay  produced.  Also,  by  following 
this  policy,  we  have  never  had  to  sacri¬ 
fice  livestock  because  of  being  short  of 
hay  in  a  poor  year. 

All  of  the  money  we  are  getting  out 
of  our  hay,  plus  a  little  more,  we  are 
putting  into  Government  wheat,  which 
we  are  dumping  into  crudely  construct¬ 
ed  but  rat-proof  bins.  What  we  will 
ever  do  with  all  of  this  wheat,  I  don’t 
know.  Of  course,  it  can  only  be  used 
for  feed  purposes.  However,  it  pre¬ 
sents  such  an  outstanding  value  at  the 
price  at  which  it  is  being  released  by 
the  Government  that  I  am  not  worry¬ 
ing  about  how  we  will  use  it  up.  What 
concerns  me  at  the  present  time  is  how 
I  can  pay  for  and  store  the  maximum 
quantity  of  it. 

Since  I  expect  that  sooner  or  later 
the  present  policy  of  the  Government 
of  releasing  surplus  stocks  at  below 
market  levels  will  be  curtailed  either 
by  legislation  or  by  the  disappearance 
of  the  surplus  stocks  themselves,  I 
hope  that  every  northeastern  farmer 
who  can  possibly  do  so  will  take  ad¬ 
vantage  of  what  seems  to  be  an  un¬ 
usual  opportunity  to  buy  a  cheap  feed. 
I  can  think  of  no  safer  collateral  for 
a  loan  to  a  northeastern  poultryman 
than  a  bin  of  feed  wheat. 

UNDERESTIMATED 

On  my  desk  is  a  report  from  the 
Producers  Cooperative  Commission  As¬ 
sociation,  Inc.,  at  Buffalo.  Sale  2,345 
is  reported  thereon. 

Twenty  Sunnygables  hogs  weighing 
4,340  pounds  at  $13.75  a  hundred¬ 
weight,  says  the  report,  brought 
$596.75  on  February  23.  Yardage  ac¬ 
counted  for  a  deduction  of  $5.10,  fire 
insurance  4  cents,  meat  advertising  6 
cents,  and  commission  $4.50 — account¬ 
ing  for  a  total  deduction  of  $9.70,  and 
a  net  check  for  the  20  hogs  of  $587.05. 

These  particular  20  hogs  were  the 
first  to  be  marketed  out  of  31  pigs 
which  have  run  in  the  basement  of  one. 
of  our  barns  with  a  bunch  of  Hereford 
heifers.  I  remember  earlier  in  the  fall 
stating  that  I  hoped  these  31  pigs 
would  gross  $750.  Since  then  we  de¬ 
cided  to  select  7  gilts  out  of  the  bunch 
and  these  have  been  removed  to  an¬ 
other  barn.  Even  with  the  7  gilts 


out,  the  24  remaining  shoats  are  going 
to  come  pretty  close  to  bringing  what 
I  hoped  to  get  for  the  whole  lot. 

Ready  to  go  into  the  barn  in  the 
place  of  the  shoats  which  have  been 
sold  are  40  weanling  pigs.  Their  moth¬ 
ers  will  be  fattened  and  sold  and  re¬ 
placed  by  gilts.  Later  there  will  be 
another  litter  to  add  to  the  pigs. 

We  are  very  well  satisfied  with  the 
plan  of  running  pigs  with  Hereford 
heifers.  The  pigs  have  a  self-feeder 
for  their  grain  which  is  fenced  off  from 
the  heifers.  They  also  have  their  own 
watering  trough.  Observation  proves 
that  the  pigs  eat  a  good  deal  of  hay 
and  silage  which  the  heifers  spill  out 
of  their  bunks,  and  of  course  when¬ 
ever  the  heifers  are  on  grain  the  pigs 
clean  up  any  wastage. 

One  reason  why  I  believe  pigs  hand¬ 
led  this  way  do  so  well  is  because  they 
are  always  warm.  On  a  cold  night  it 
is  not  an  uncommon  thing  to  see  a 
pig  snuggled  up  close  to  a  nice  warm 
heifer. 

SITUATION  CHANGES 

With  an  actual  rubber  shortage  up¬ 
on  us  and  a  threatened  gasoline  scarc¬ 
ity  coming  up,  the  situation  in  regard 
to  working  farm  land  which  is  separ¬ 
ated  from  the  home  farm  changes. 

Our  own  farming  is  based  on  two 
headquarters  farms,  each  equipped 
with  large  barns  supplemented  by  sev¬ 
eral  blocks  of  land  which  in  some  cases 
are  two  or  three  miles  from  the  main 
base. 

Rubber  tired  tractors,  trucks  and 
farm  equipment  mounted  on  inflated 
rubber  tires  have  made  it  easy  to  reaph 
and  to  work  these  outlying  properties 
up  until  now.  Presumably  we  can 
handle  them  all  right  this  coming  sea¬ 
son.  From  then  on  it  may  be  neces¬ 
sary  and  desirable  to  use  them  for  pas¬ 
ture  purposes  only,  and  conceivably  we 
may  have  to  plan  on  driving  our  live¬ 
stock  to  these  pastures  rather  than 
truck  it.  Well,  if  we  do  come  to  this, 
there  certainly  won’t  be  many  auto¬ 
mobiles  on  the  road  to  run  down  the 
cattle. 

1941  GRASS  SILAGE 

I  have  before  me  a  report  of  a  study 
made  of  the  grass  silage  which  we 
have  put  up  in  four  silos  during  the 
last  two  years  without  purchasing  any 
stuff  like  molasses  or  phosphoric  acid. 
The  acidity  test  of  this  silage  indicates 
that  in  three  of  the  silos  there  is  not 
enough  acidity  for  the  silage  to  keep 
well. 

The  lack  of  desirable  acidity  in  some 
of  our  silage  may  be  due  partly  to  the 
fact  that  the  silage  drawn  from  two 
silos  was  two  years  old.  So  far  as  we 
are  concerned,  we  rate  the  silage  in 
one  silo  as  fair,  and  in  the  other  three 
(including  the  two  lots  which  are  two 
years  old)  as  good.  Our  rating  of  our 
silage  is  based  on: 

1.  The  smell.  The  smell  of  some 
of  our  silage  is  a  little  too  high.  I 
wouldn’t  want  it  around  a  dairy  barn. 
Nevertheless,  the  fact  remains  that  we 
have  never  detected  any  contamina¬ 
tion  of  the  milk  from  our  family  cows 
by  silage  odors. 

2.  The  way  it  feeds  out.  Here  we 
have  had  unusually  good  results  this 
winter.  Wfiether  or  not  it  is  the  silage 
or  the  hay  which  is  accountable,  we 
of  course  do  not  know.  Part  of  the 
time,  however,  we  have  fed  some 
mighty  poor  hay  and  yet  everything 
we  have  had  in  the  barns  has  done 
well.  At  the  beginning  of  February, 
cows  and  horses  were  beginning  to 
shed  their  winter  coats.  It  was  only 
necessary  to  breed  over  a  dozen  Guern¬ 
sey  heifers  once  to  get  them  in  calf. 

All  in  all,  I  can’t  help  but  feel  that 
we  can  safely  go  ahead  putting  up 
grass  silage  which  contains  a  substan¬ 
tial  percentage  of  legumes,  provided 
there  is  considerable  grass  mixed  with 
the  legume  or  green  wheat  or  barley 


substituted  where  grasses  are  absent. 

I  like  to  believe  that  it  is  a  good 
thing  that  here  in  the  Northeast  we 
are  going  to  have  to  go  without  a  lot 
of  purchased  materials  like  molasses. 
We  are  forced  to  develop  farm-raised 
substitutes,  and  if  we  are  as  resource¬ 
ful  as  I  think  we  are,  we  should  come 
to  the  end  of  the  war  with  our  farms 
on  much  more  of  a  self-sustaining 
basis. 

HORNS  OFF 

Although  we  oftentimes  have  in  our 
bams  over  200  head  of  cattle,  we  have 
less  than  a  dozen  star  Dhions  in  our 
entire  setup.  This  means  that  prac¬ 
tically  all  of  our  cattle  run  loose  in 
bunches  of  from  10  to  (in  the  case 
of  our  Larchmont  barn),  100  head. 

Under  this  system  of  management 
we  have  periodically  for  years  had 
trouble  with  animals  fighting.  Once 
or  twice  we  have  had  cattle  quite  badly 
gored.  Despite  this  accumulated  ex¬ 
perience  we  have  clung  to  horns,  par¬ 
ticularly  on  our  purebred  Guernseys. 

For  two  or  three  years  we  have 
thought  that  by  raising  a  bunch  of 
calves  together  they  would  get  along 
as  cows  even  with  their  horns  left  on. 
This  theory  hasn’t  worked  out.  Every 
once  in  a  while  some  animal  which  has 
never  caused  any  trouble  goes  on  a 
rampage.  Now  we  have  decided  to 
eliminate  the  problem.  From  this  time 
on,  we  shall  dehorn  everything. 

GRASS  FAT 

The  cheapest  feed  in  America,  year 
after  year,  is  May  and  June  north¬ 
eastern  grass.  Not  even  the  range 
states  can  compete  with  the  Northeast 
during  these  two  months  in  the  cheap 
nutrition  furnished  grazing  animals. 

Now  that  home  quick-freeze  and 
cold  storage  boxes  and  community 
freezer  lockers  are  becoming  more  and 
more  available,  it  seems  to  me  that 
during  May  and  June  is  the  period 
when  we  can  fatten  a  lot  of  livestock 
for  home  slaughter.  There  is  hardly 
an  animal  from  an  old  ewe  to  a  dairy 
heifer  which  has  failed  to  breed  that 
won’t  get  fat  on  May  and  June  pasture. 

Up  until  recently,  the  trouble  has 
been  that  we  couldn’t  slaughter  ani¬ 
mals  in  July  and  August.  Quick  freez¬ 
ing  and  cold  storage  have  changed  this 
situation.  Why  buy  midwestern,  ship- 
ped-in  grain  to  do  what  our  own  north¬ 
eastern  grass  will  do  almost  as  satis¬ 
factorily,  at  least  so  far  as  home  con¬ 
sumption  is  concerned? 

NORTHEASTERN  LUMBER 

Even  though  building  is  curtailed, 
transportation  —  particularly  transpor¬ 
tation  both  by  water  and  rail  from  the 
West  Coast — is  going  to  be  even  more 
restricted. 

Under  these  conditions,  it  seems  to 
me  only  logical  to  expect  a  rather  good 
market  for  our  own  northeastern  lum¬ 
ber.  We  have  some  500,000  feet  of 
lumber  in  trees  which  have  been  mark¬ 
ed  by  a  forester  during  the  last  three 
years  as  desirable  to  harvest.  Nego¬ 
tiations  for  the  sale  of  this  lumber 
have  been  protracted.  Bids  on  the 
whole  and  the  attitude  of  bidders  seem 
to  reflect  the  need  for  a  strong  co¬ 
operative  in  the  Northeast  which  will 
set  the  pace  in  forcing  more  consid¬ 
eration  on  the  part  of  buyers  of  lum¬ 
ber  of  the  seller’s  interests. 

I  am  afraid  that  too  often  in  the 
past  northeastern  lumber  has  been 
moved  on  what  has  amounted  to  a  forc¬ 
ed  sale  basis  by  men  who  were  desper¬ 
ately  in  need  of  cash  and  who  had  lit¬ 
tle  idea  of  the  value  of  what  they  were 
selling. 

With  West  Coast  supplies  of  lumber 
shut  off  and  a  general  rise  in  price 
level  under  way,  it  seems  to  me  that 
those  of  us  who  are  fortunate  enough 
to  have  stands  of  lumber  are  in  a  posi¬ 
tion  to  be  firm  in  our  ideas  of  price 
and  terms. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  14,  1942 


31  ( 193) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 

By  JB,  Godline 


''Inactive”  Accounts 

“The  other  day,  I  received  a  postcard 
from  a  concern  who  said  they  had  located 
an  inactive  bank  account  for  $834.33  in 
my  family  name.  They  asked  for  $1.00 
to  cover  the  cost  of  compiling  and  mail¬ 
ing  and  said  they  would  send  full  infor¬ 
mation.  Should  I  send  the  $1.00?” 

Absolutely  not!  It  is  very  evident 
from  the  wording  of  this  card,  that 
similar  cards  were  sent  to  anyone 
whom  they  could  locate  with  the  same 
name.  There  is  no  doubt  that  there 
are  many  inactive  bank  accounts,  but 
obviously,  if  the  depositor  is  dead,  the 
money  would  go  to  his  nearest  kin. 
Just  because  your  name  appears  to  be 
the  same,  there  is  not  one  chance  in  a 
million  that  you  would  get  any  of  this 
money. 

We  note  "your  name  is  Brown,  which 
is  a  very  common  name.  If  all  the 
Browns  in  your  state  sent  a  dollar  to 
this  concern,  it  would  be  a  very  profit¬ 
able  business  for  them. 

— a.  a. — 

Home  Butchering 

“My  neighbor  told  me  about  a  law 
which  had  passed  recently  where  a  New 
York  farmer  could  not  butcher  his  oyn 
livestock  and  sell  it,  either  to  a  meat 
market  or  peddle  it.” 

At  the  last  session  of  the  New  York 
State  Legislature,  a  law  was  passed 
requiring  slaughter  houses  to  be 
licensed  and  inspected.  Farmers  were 
specifically  exempted  from  that  law  so 
long  as  they  butcher  only  stock  raised 
on  the  farm.  As  soon  as  they  buy 
animals  to  slaughter,  they  do  come 
under  the  provisions  of  the  law. 

*  *  * 

As  a  New  York  State  farmer,  can  I 
hire  a  butcher  to  come  to  my  farm  and 
butcher  animals  that  I  have  raised?  I 
know  that  there  is  a  state  law  calling  for 
the  licensing  of  slaughter  houses,  and 
that  farmers  are  exempted  so  long  as 
they  kill  animals  they  raise. 

The  New  York  State  Department  of 
Agriculture  and  Markets  has  ruled  that 
you  can  hire  a  butcher  to  kill  animals 
you  raise.  However,  if  a  butcher  uses 
this  procedure  as  a  means  of  avoiding 
the  taking  out  of  a  license,  the  De¬ 
partment  may  consider  it  a  violation 
of  the  law.  Any  such  possibility  can 
be  avoided  by  hiring  a  butcher  who  has 
a  slaughter  house  license. 

Incidentally,  farmers  are  not  ex¬ 
empted  from  health  laws  which  say 
that  food  shall  be  deemed  adulterated 
if  it  has  been  produced,  prepared,  or 
packed  under  unsanitary  conditions. 

— a.  a. — 

Registration  Papers 

I  bought  some  calves  and  paid  pure¬ 
bred  prices  for  them.  Now  I  cannot  get 
the  registration  papers  for  them. 

You  are  entitled  to  a  refund  of  the 
difference  in  price  between  grade  calves 
and  purebred  calves.  Whether  or  not 
you  can  collect  this  difference  without 
suit  will  depend  on  the  reliability  of  the 
seller.  The  Service  Bureau  feels  that 
a  buyer  is  justified  in  refusing  to  pay 
the  full  purchase  price  until  registra¬ 
tion  papers  are  delivered.  Of  course,  if 
you  deal  with  a  man  you  know  and 
in  whom  you  have  confidence,  this  is 
not  necessary. 

— a.  a. — 

Ignore  Chain  Letters 

The  other  day  I  received  a.  chain  let¬ 
ter.  I  was  asked  to  send  a  defense  stamp 
to  the  name  at  the  top  of  the  list,  cross 
that  name  off,  put  my  name  at  the  bottom 
of  the  list,  and  send  similar  letters  to 
five  others.  Shpuld  I  do  it? 

No.  This  is  just  a  new  twist  to  the 
old  chain  letter  scheme.  The  Post  Offi¬ 
ce  officials  have  ruled  that  chain  let¬ 


ters  are  illegal.  Patriotism  can  be 
shown  quite  as  well  by  buying  defense 
stamps  on  your  own.  By  all  means, 
break  this  chain. 

— a.  a. — 

Be  Careful 

The  National  Safety  Council  tells  us 
that  for  the  first  eleven  months  of  1941 
U.  S.  traffic  fatalities  totaled  35,690, 
a  big  increase  (16%)  over  the  same 
months  in  1940  when  fatalities  were 
30,797.  For  the  month  of  December, 
fatalities  were  about  6%  above  the 
same  period  last  year. 

You  may  well  ask  why  we  quote 
past  history.  We  do  it  for  just  one 
purpose  —  to  remind  you  continually 
that  driving  conditions,  particularly  in 
the  winter,  are  hazardous,  and  that 


the  only  way  to  avoid  a  tragedy  is  by 
consistent  vigilance  and  care. 

— a.  a. — 

Bulletins 

Can  out-of-state  subscribers  get  Cor¬ 
nell  bulletins.  I  have  seen  some  that  I 
would  like  to  have  but  I  live  in  Pennsyl¬ 
vania. 

These  bulletins  are  free  to  residents 
of  New  York  State  and  are  available 
to  out-of-state  residents  at  a  small 
cost,  the  price  for  most  bulletins  be¬ 
ing  5c  each.  You  may  write  to  the 
College  of  Agriculture  Mailing  Room, 
Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  for  a 
list  of  available  bulletins. 

— a.  a.  — 

“I  am  writing  you  for  advice  as  I 
always  read  your  articles  which  have 
already  saved  me  two  costly  frauds. 
If  your  paper  does  as  much  for  each 
subscriber,  think  what  a  service  you 
are  doing  for  readers  of  your  paper!” 
— a.  a.  — 

‘‘I  was  happily  surprised  yesterday 
to  receive  the  suit  of  clothes  I  wrote 


about.  You  accomplished  in  a  few  days 
what  I  failed  to  do  in  nearly  four 
months.  That  surely  was  a  forceable 
letter — I  should  like  to  have  seen  it. 
It  did  the  business.” 


Sickness  Policy 

New  “Double  Duty”  policy  pays 
$25.00  per  week  for  10  weeks  on  speci¬ 
fied  sicknesses  including  appendicitis 
operation,  pneumonia,  cancer,  diabetes, 
typhoid  fever,  scarlet  fever,  hives, 
mumps,  felon,  infantile  paralysis  and 
others  as  stated  in  policy. 

Policy  pays  for  loss  of  life,  hands, 
feet,  eyes,  hospital  benefits,  doctor 
bills;  weekly  benefits  for  loss  of  time 
on  accidents  as  stated  in  policy.  More 
information  will  be  sent  upon  request. 

North  Ameiican  Accident  Insurance  Co. 

Appreciation  Dept.  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


Fill  in  and -mail: 


NAME 
P.  0.  - 


BENEFITS 
RECENTLY  PAID 


Forrest  Metcalf,  R.  I,  Gainesville.  N.  Y.._$  20.00 
Auto  accident — cuts  on  lip  and  chin 
Kenneth  A.  Bowerman.  R.  I,  Victor,  N.  Y.  50.00 
Auto  accident — concussion  and  cut  wrists 

Louie  C.  Underhill,  Brocton,  N.  Y _  10.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  nose 

Mrs.  Eva  Palmateer,  Brocknort,  N.  Y _ *  21.43 

Auto  accident — lacerated  leg 

William  Bates,  R.  2,  Albion,  N.  Y . _*  20.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  chest 
Virginia  M.  Morgan,  R.  I,  Olean,  N.  Y.._*  25.00 

Auto  accident — concussion  and  cut  scalp 

Mrs.  Genea  Morgan,  R.  I,  Olean,  N.  Y _  50.00 

Auto  accident — crushed  chest 
Meredith  Boyce,  West  Ave.,  Interlaken,  N.Y.  130.00 
Auto  accident — frac.  foot  and  hand 

Joseph  E.  Sherwood,  Byron,  N.  Y _  31.43 

Auto  accident — cut  finger,  cont.  chest 

John  Tremski,  Calverton.  N.  Y _  20.00 

Auto  accident — injuries 

Mrs.  Edith  Vanderville,  Phelps,  N.  Y. _ _  40.00 

Auto  accident — inj.  leg  and  back 

Ralph  Hamilton,  Wellsville,  N.  Y._ .  128.53 

Auto  accident — cuts,  cerebral  contusions 

Ruben  H.  Dorothy,  Potsdam,  N.  Y _  102.86 

Sled  overturned — sprained  knee 

Everett  0.  Jones,  Bigelow,  N.  Y _  130.00 

Auto  accident— frac.  leg 

George  S.  Entz,  R.  I,  Lyons,  N.  Y _  82.86 

Auto  accident — frac.  ribs  and  cuts 
Percy  E.  Newton,  Est.,  Homer,  N.  Y _ 1000.00 

Auto  burned — mortuary 

R.  J.  McSween,  Monticello,  N.  Y -  30.00 

Auto  accident — contusion  and  cut  knee 

Charles  W.  Sanborn,  Stowe,  Vt -  .  130.00 

Wagon  accident — injuries 
Preston  C.  Cummings,  29  Trent  St.,  Barre, 

Vt.  _ 10.00 

Auto  accident — cut  chin 

Romaine  Garrapy,  R.  I,  Chester,  Vt -  20.00 

Truck  accident — bruised  arm  and  leg 
Rejeanne  R.  Huestis,  Est.,  R.  I,  Bridport, 

Vt.  _ 1000.00 

Auto  into  lake — mortuary 

Mrs.  Charles  N.  Patch,  Pittsford,  Vt _  130.00 

Auto  accident — frac.  humerus 

Mary  J.  Quesnel,  R.  I,  Salisbury,  Vt _  10.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  face  and  knees 

Rosmond  A.  Regan,  Bakersfield,  Vt -  5.71 

Auto  accident — burned  face,  hands 

Roy  Huse,  R.  I,  Bradford,  Vt _  40.00 

Auto  accident— brain  concussion 

Clarence  D.  Wilbur,  R.  2,  Farmington,  Me.  40.0t 
Auto  accident — sprained  foot 

Mrs.  Gladys  I.  Lasselle,  So.  Paris,  Me _ *  45.00 

Auto  accident — frac.  wrist 

Talbot  Cooley,  W.  Washington,  Me -  115.71 

Auto  accident — cuts  and  inj.  chest 

Keith  W,  Cross,  R.  3,  Belfast,  Me... -  13.57 

Truck  accident — cuts  on  nose  and  lip 

Royal  R.  Hall,  R.  I,  Warren,  Me _ *  30.71 

Auto  accident — frac.  nose  and  rib 

Cliber  Cooley,  W.  Washington,  Me - **  57.85 

Auto  accident — broken  foot 

Mrs.  Celia  Ballard,  153  Garland  St.,  Ever¬ 
ett.  Mass.  _ 20.00 

Hit  by  truck — frac.  wrist 

William  A.  Ruddock,  Orange,  Mass - *  15.00 

Struck  by  auto— frac.  leg 

Ann  Griswold,  Northampton,  Mass _ ,  130.00 

Auto  accident — broken  legs,  cuts 

Ruth  S.  Griswold,  Northampton,  Mass -  130.00 

Auto  accident  —frac.  shoulder,  broken  leg 

Harlan  Downes,  Loudon,  N.  H. _  20.00 

Hit  by  truck — bruised  head 

Mary  E.  Hinds,  Concord,  N.  H, _  22.86 

Auto  accident— bruised  legs 
Victor  B.  Rcsenbald,  Fitzwilliam  Depot, 

N.  H.  _ 20.00 

Auto  accident — injuries 

Leland  C.  Walker,  Elizabethville,  Pa _  42.86 

Auto  accident — sprained  shoulder 

Harvey  W.  Morris,  R.  I,  Andover,  N.  J. _ *  15.00 

Auto  accident — cut  legs 

*  Over-age. 

**  Under-age. 

$712,371.48  has  been  paid 
to  10,155  policyholders 


THROUGH  III  ICE 


YOUNG  MOTHER  AND  DAUGHTER 
DROWNED  IN  LAKE  CHAMPLAIN 

Read  the  Tragic  Details — Protect  Your  Own  Family 

Howard  Heustis  (shown  above  with  wife  and  daughter)  writes: 
“I  extend  my  deepest  gratitude  to  North  American  Accident  Insur¬ 
ance  Co.  for  the  $1000.00  check  paid  to  me  as  beneficiary  because 
of  the  untimely  death  of  my  dear  wife,  Rejeanne,  who  was  acci¬ 
dentally  drowned  January  19,  1942  in  Lake  Champlain,  in  the 
worst  tragedy  in  this  section,  which  also  took  the  life  of  my  lovely 
daughter,  Lorraine,  SVz  years  old.  Also  Charles  P.  Finn,  69  years 
old,  and  Horace  J.  Lapham,  65  years  old,  owner  of  the  automobile 
in  which  they  were  all  riding. 

“Any  person  who  rides  in  an  automobile  today  cannot  possibly 
afford  to  be  without  this  protection  as  the  cost  is  very  small.” 

Keep,  Irfowi  Policy  Peneuxed 


North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co 

w  Oldest  and  Carp  est  Sxcfustve  Keahft  and  Occident  Company  in  America 


N.  A. ASSOCIATES  DEPARTMENT 


Poughkeepsie.  N.Y. 


LOOK  AT  THE 


Read  the  12  Benefits  Which  We  Farmers  of  the  Dairymen’s  League 

Gain  for  Ourselves  by  Cooperative  Effort 


For  35  years,  we  farmers  of 
The  Dairymen’s  League  have 
fought  untiringly  for  A  LIVING 
PRICE  FOR  MILK.  We  have 
demanded  economic  freedom  and 
economic  security  both  for  our 
own  members  and  for  all  other 
dairy  farmers  in  the  milkshed. 

The  fight  has  been  long.  We  have 
covered  a  lot  of  ground.  Our  ad¬ 
vance  has  been  slow  but  steady. 
And  every  step  forward  has  meant 
some  new  advantage  for  ALL 
farmers.  Here  are  12  of  the  many 
advantages  we  have  won: 


J  —  a  steady  market  for  ALL  milk  produced  by  our  members,  based 
upon  a  classified  price  plan  for  all  milk  and  milk  products. 

2  —  a  systematic  audit  of  buying  dealers’  books,  insuring  accurate 
reports  on  the  amount  of  milk  sold  in  each  classification. 

3-a  collection  system  which  guarantees  that  every  member  gets 
paid  for  his  milk. 

—  a  sufficient  reserve  to  assure  payments  to  our  members  and  settle¬ 
ment  with  the  New  York  Milk  Administrator. 

5  —  a  staff  to  supervise  and  assure  fair  weights  and  tests. 

0  —  organized  facilities  to  care  for  surplus,  even  during  emergencies 
such  as  strikes  in  manufacturing  plants,  thus  protecting  producers 
from  loss  of  market  and  from  a  break-down  of  the  price  structure 
in  the  market. 

—  factual,  first-hand  information  on  marketing  conditions  and  costs, 
gained  through  our  own  actual  operations,  including  transporta¬ 
tion,  country  plant  operation,  and  distribution. 

0  —  an  information  service  which  provides  all  members  with  this  infor¬ 
mation  through  the  columns  of  our  own  newspaper.  The  Dairy¬ 
men’s  League  News. 

0  —  statistical,  legal,  and  technical  staffs  that  serve  both  our  own 
organization  and  the  entire  industry. 

10  —  special  industrial,  legislative  and  administrative  contacts  which 

serve  to  advance  the  interests  of  our  own  members  and  all  other 
producers  in  the  milkshed. 

11  —  a  close  working  relationship  with  other  cooperatives  and  farm 

organizations  of  the  nation  through  membership  in  the  National 
Cooperative  Milk  Producers’  Federation,  the  National  Coopera¬ 
tive  Council  and  membership  on  the  New  York  State  conference 
board  of  farm  organizations. 

12-  a  true  democratic  cooperative  organization  with  a  true  democratic 
electoral  system  which  provides  free  expression  of  opinion  and 
full  opportunity  for  every  member  through  use  of  the  secret  ballot. 


©eUevc  A&r 

1 


in 


it 


Depend  uPon 


that  wnt 
onW  •  * 


and  **  V,0Y 


Only  a  milk  cooperative  with  members  in  all  parts  of  the  milkshed  .  .  .  a 
cooperative  with  large  resources  of  men  and  money  .  .  .  and  a  cooperative 
that  operates  country  plants,  truck  fleets,  manufacturing  plants,  distributing 
plants,  laboratories  and  other  technical  services  could  offer  all  these  advan¬ 
tages  to  farmers.  But  that’s  just  why  The  Dairymen’s  League  was  founded, 
and  why  it  has  survived  for  35  years.  Its  size  and  its  facilities  —  plus  the 
quality  of  the  members  and  leadership  attracted  by  these  features  make  this 
organization  a  real  benefit  to  every  farmer  in  the  milkshed. 


v* 


\\\ 


0 


ft 


& 


8 


MARCH  28,  1942 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 


Keep,  rom 

KiiAwiina  ! 

FARM  MACHINES  ARE 
WEAPONS  OF  WAR 


AT  NO  TIME  in  the  history  of  American  farming 
has  farm  machinery  been  as  necessary  as  it  will  be 
this  year.  Hired  help  is  becoming  almost  non-ex¬ 
istent,  new  machines  are  difficult  or  impossible  to 
get.  That  means  we  must  make  the  most  of  what  we  have. 

That’s  the  reason  for  this  special  farm  equipment  issue  of 
American  Agriculturist.  Weeks  have  been  spent  by  the  edi- 


All  over  New  York  State  farm  machinery  “clinics”  are  being  conducted  under  the  direction 
of  the  New  Yrork  State  College  of  Agriculture.  Farmers  bring  their  machines  to  these 
meetings,  wrhere  farm  machinery  engineers  from  the  college  and  experts  from  the  equip¬ 
ment  dealers  work  with  farmers,  not  so  much  actually  to  repair  the  machines  there,  as  to 
show  the  farmers  how  to  do  their  own  repairing  on  all  of  their  machines. 

In  one  of  these  schools  at  Fillmore  there  was  a  mowing  machine  in  especially  bad  condi¬ 
tion.  The  cutter  bar  had  a  bad  lag,  shear  plates  were  badly  worn,  and  other  worn  spots 
needed  correction.  This  machine  was  repaired  and  put  in  first  class  working  condition  for 

less  than  $10.! 


torial  staff  to  obtain  the  latest  and  best  information  on  how 
to  repair  and  save  farm  machines.  We  have  boiled  this  in¬ 
formation  down  so  that  you  can  get  at  and  use  it  quickly. 
If  you  read  this  issue  carefully,  and  if  you  save  it  for  future 
reference,  it  will  save  you  time,  worry,  and  money. 

Future  issues  also  will  carry  plenty  of  the  same  kind  of 
material  to  help  you  repair  and  adjust  your  machines  at  the 
time  when  you  need  them.  But  above  everything  else,  try  to 
find  out  what  you  are  going  to  need  in  the  way  of  new  parts, 
and  order  now.  The  chances  are  good  that  you  may  not  be 
able  to  get  repair  parts  later. 


A  modern  labor-saving  set-up.  What  a 
comparison  to  the  hand  work  done  by 
our  grandfathers!  !  This  Northeast 
scene  shows  the  farm  daughter  driving 
the  tractor,  with  a  side-delivery  hay 
rake  attached  to  the  rig  so 
that  two  operations  are 
done  at  the  same  time. 


Manpower  was  plenti¬ 
ful  in  the  old  days  on 
the  farm.  Today  short¬ 
age  of  labor  is  the 
farmer’s  chief  problem. 
That’s  why  machinery 
must  be  carefully  re¬ 
paired  and  conserved. 
Read  this  issue,  and 
save  it’  for  future 
reference. 


FARM  MACHINE  REPAIR  NUMBER  —  NEW  ENGLAND  EDITION 


1.  RIBOFLAVIN  SUPPLEMENT  —  a  new  name  sug¬ 
gested  by  the  Feed  Control  Officials  for  the  product 
formerly  called  “Flavin  Concentrate”.  Wirthmore 
chick  ration  tags  show  the  new  name  hut  not  this 
more  important  fact:  The  Riboflavin  Supplement 
used  in  Wirthmore  chick  rations  for  ’42  is  five  times 
richer  in  riboflavin  than  is  the  average  dried  milk 
by-product. 

/ 

2.  D-ACTIVATED  ANIMAL  STEROL  —  supplies  the 
kind  of  Vitamin  D  that  poultry  use  most  efficiently. 
Not  shown  on  the  tag  are  the’  years  of  research 
which  perfected  this  domestically  produced  product 
—  research  which  has  made  it  an  effective,  economi¬ 
cal  form  of  Vitamin  D  equally  as  desirable  for  peace¬ 
time  use  as  it  is  in  time  of  war. 


3. 


VITAMIN  A  AND  D  FEEDING  OIL  —  replaces  For¬ 
tified  Cod  Liver  Oil  in  the  ingredient  list  of  Wirth¬ 
more  chick  rations  for  ’42.  This  new  name  adopted 
by  the  Feed  Control  Officials  for  oil  used  to  supply 
Vitamins  A  and  D,  permits  blending  of  two  or  more 
oils  suitable  for  carrying  Vitamin  A  and  D  concen¬ 
trates.  The  tag  does  not  show  it,  but  Vitamin  A  and 
D  Feeding  Oil  has  all  the  values  of  Fortified  Cod 
Liver  Oil  if  subjected  to  equal  control  of  quality  and 
vitamin  potency.  The  Vitamin  A  and  D  Feeding  Oil 
used  in  Wirthmore  chick  rations  is  given  exactly 
that  kind  of  control. 


DEHYDRATED  ALFALFA  MEAL  —  the  tag  does 
not  disclose  the  fact,  yet  the  Vitamin  A  potency  of 
this  alfalfa  meal  is  nearly  twice  as  high  as  in  the 
alfalfa  meal  used  in  Wirthmore  chick  rations  last 
season.  In  addition  to  its  higher  Vitamin  A  content, 
this  dehydrated  alfalfa  meal  has  increased  pigmen¬ 
tation  value. 


IRTBMORC 


In  back  of 
these  short 
lines  is  a  . .  • 


-OF  IFHIIVEMM- 


1J0  method  has  yet  been  devised  to  show  on  a  tag  the  actual  growth  or  productive  value  of  a  ration.  Of  course,  the 
1  manufacturer’s  name  or  trade  mark  offers  some  idea  of  the  ration’s  probable  worth,  but  guaranteed  analysis  and  list 
of  ingredients  are,  in  themselves,  inadequate  measures  of  feeding  value.  Facts  which  the  manufacturer  knows  —  or 
actual  use  of  the  ration  by  the  poultryman  —  give  the  answer  to  that  question. 

To  present  in  full  the  “wkys  and  wherefores ”  of  any  feed’s  value  would  require  a  book  of  no  small  proportions.  Here, 
for  busy  poultrymen,  are  “FACTS  BEHIND  THE  TAG”  —  a  few  of  the  reasons  why  WIRTHMORE  CHICK  RATIONS 
for  ’42  can  be  relied  upon  to  supply  ALL  KNOWN  NUTRITIVE  NEEDS  OF  CHICKS  — Safely ,  Fully  and  Thriftily. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


3  (197) 


TIIE  TRACTOR 


FARM  labor  has  been  drifting  into 
defense  industries,  and  many  farm 
boys  have  answered  the  call  to  arms. 
There  is  going  to  be  a  serious  shortage 
of  manpower  on  the  farm. 

There  is  only  one  answer.  Horsepow¬ 
er  will  have  to  make  up  for  manpower. 
And  “horsepower”  on  many  farms 
means  the  tractor.  Tractors  have  a 
hard  year’s  work  ahead  of  them  and 
right  now  is  the  time  for  every  farmer 
in  the  country  to  put  his  machine  in 
shape  for  that  important  work.  The 
obvious  first  step  is  a  “screw  driver 
and  monkey  wrench  tune-up”  which 
any  mechanically  minded  farmer  can 
do  himself.  A  manual  of  instructions 


Adjusting  the  carburetor.  If  the  mixture 
in  the  tractor  is  too  rich,  you  can  waste 
a  lot  of  gasoline. 


comes  with  every  tractor — use  this  as 
your  Bible  whenever  you  do  any  work 
on  your  machine. 

A  HOT  SPARK  —  First  clean  the 
spark  plugs  and  reset  the  gaps  with 
the  clearance  specified  in  the  manual. 
Then,  with  the  motor  running,  short 
out  each  plug  on  the  cylinder  head  with 
a  screwdriver  to  see  that  each  cylinder 
is  getting  a  real  hot  shot  of  “juice”  for 
the  spark.  A  feeble  spark  actually  cuts 
power  and  wastes  fuel.  Spark  tiviing 
is  even  more  important  —  check  this 
with  the  manual.  Clearances  on  the 
valve  lifters  should  be  tested  with  a 
feeler  gauge. 

CLEAN  OIL — Replace  the  dirty  oil 
filter,  or  change  the  refill  cartridge  in¬ 
side  it,  and  you’ll  save  the  cost  twice 
over  in  engine  wear.  Air  cleaners  are 
also  important,  almost  in  a  special 
class.  They  need  a  periodic  cleaning 
during  the  working  season — every  two 
weeks,  every  week,  or  every  day,  de¬ 
pending  on  the  amount  of  dust  in  the 
air.  Bear  in  mind  that  for  every  five 
gallons  of  fuel  you  use,  a  whole  silo- 
full  of  air  goes  through  the  engine. 
The  dust  in  that  air  isn’t  burned.  It 
stays  behind. 


RIGHT  MIXTURE  —  As  the  final, 
most  important  step  in  your  pre-sea- 
son  tune-up,  see  that  the  carburetor  is 


“Pull  to  one  side,  Mike  —  there’s  a 
mess  of  bricks  behind  us l” 


properly  adjusted.  Any  hard  working- 
piece  of  machinery  will  work  itself  out 
of  adjustment  in  time,  and  carburetors 
usually  go  rich.  Farmers  are  inclined 
to  “let  well  enough  alone”  as  long  as 
their  tractors  seem  to  run  all  right, 
but  letting  the  carburetor  alone  after 
it  has  begun  to  run  too  rich  can  waste 
as  much  as  two  gallons  of  fuel  a  day. 
That  adds  up  to  fifty  gallons  of  fuel  a 
month  that  you’re  paying  for  which 
don’t  produce  any  horsepower  —  just 
carbons  up  the  engine  and  dilutes  the 
crankcase  oil.  With  United  States  oil 
tankers  being  sunk  by  U-boats  every 
week,  now  is  the  time  to  conserve  fuel 
as  never  before  —  save  it  for  yourself 
and  for  the  Army.  , 

MORE  POWER — So  much  for  tun¬ 
ing  up  your  tractor  for  the  busy  year 
ahead.  Now,  how  are  you  going  to  get 
that  extra  25%  more  work  out  of  it? 
The  big  thing  is  to  get  more  power  out 
of  the  tractor  itself.  If  a  far-mer  can  in¬ 
crease  the  actual  horsepower  of  his 
tractor,  he  can  plow,  harrow,  disc,  reap 
or  do  any  other  job  faster — accomplish 
a  lot  more  work  in  the  course  of  a  day. 

One  practical  consideration  is  that 
of  fuel.  If  a  man  is  now  burning  kero¬ 
sene,  range  oil  or  distillate,  he  can 
switch  to  gasoline  and  gain  something 
like  10%  in  horsepower  immediately. 
He  will  also  find  gasoline  a  time-saver 
because  it  starts  easier,  idles  better, 
and  seems  to  have  a  reserve  of  power 
at  the  drawbar  which  eliminates  a  lot 
of  stalling. 

Most  farmers  say  that  they  also  like 
the  convenience  of  gasoline.  The  trac¬ 
tor  is  run  “cool”  instead  of  “hot”  which 
eliminates  fussing  with  a  radiator  cur¬ 
tain,  keeps  radiator  water  from  boiling 
away,  and  makes  it  easier  on  the  man 
who  has  to  sit  behind  the  motor  on  a 
hot  day.  It  also  eliminates  a  lubrica¬ 
tion  problem.  Gasoline  being  a  light 
fuel,  burns  completely  —  there  are  no 
“heavy  ends”  left  behind  in  the  cylinder 
after  each  explosion,  to  seep  down  into 
the  crankcase  and  destroy  the  lubricat¬ 
ing  qualities  of  the  oil.  According  to 
manufacturers’  service  manuals,  crank¬ 
case  oil  should  be  changed  every  40 
hours  when  heavy  fuels  are  used.  With 
gasoline  in  the  tank  a  tractor  can  run 
100  to  150  hours  before  a  change  is 
needed — which  means  a  saving  of  two- 
thirds  on  oil  bills.  It’s .  like  paying  5c 
a  quart  instead  of  15c  a  quart  for  oil. 

HIGH  COMPRESSION  —  Thousands 
of  farmers  owning  low  compression 
tractors — the  type  designed  to  burn 
any  kind  of  fuel — have  switched  from 
low  grade  fuels  to  gasoline  because  of 
the  many  advantages  of  this  lighter 
fuel.  A  survey  of  Ohio  farms  in  1940 
showed  that  even  though  only  43%  of 
the  tractors  in  the  state  were  built  to 
run  on  gasoline,  86y2%  of  all  the  fuel 
sold  for  tractors  was  gasoline.  Other 
surveys  have  shown  similar  preference 
among  farmers  for  gasoline  as  a  trac¬ 
tor  fuel. 

Many  farmers  have  gone  a  step  fur¬ 
ther.  During  major  overhaul  periods 
they  have  converted  their  tractor  en¬ 
gines  to  “high  compression”  to  get  still 
more  power  out  of  the  better  fuel. 
Farmers  who  have  converted  their 
machines  report  very  substantial  gains 
in  horsepower — usually  an  increase  of 
25  %  up  to  30%.  The  changeover  is  not 
expensive  and  it  is  easy  to  understand. 
Further  information  can  be  obtained 
from  tractor  dealers  or  from  the  State 
Extension  Service. 

HOW  IT  WORKS— There  is  no  mys¬ 
tery  about  high  compression — automo¬ 
biles  have  had  high  compression  en- 
( Continued  on  Page  17) 


RUN  THIS 


PREVENTATIVE  MAINTENANCE 


FILl  UP  WITH  MOBILOIL 


©  Farm  machines  must  be  conserved.  They  must 
keep  running.  Preventative  Maintenance — preventing 
trouble  before  it  happens — is  the  first  step. 

That’s  where  Mobiloil  can  help  you.  Test  it  your¬ 
self.  Let  it  minimize  engine  wear . . .  and  the  need  for 
carbon  and  valve  jobs.  Let  it  add  life  to  piston  rings, 
cylinders  and  bearings. 

Use  Mobiloil  Gear  Oils  and  Mobilgrease,  too. 


SOCONY- VACUUM  OIL  COMPANY,  INC. 


GET  THE  i 
WORLD’S  1 
LARGEST 
SELLING 
MOTOR  OIL 


(198)  4 


Ar  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


PAPE: 


Address  a(l  mail  for  Editorial  or  Advertls* 
Ing  departments  to  American  Agriculturist, 

Savings  Bank  Building.  Ithaca.  New  York 


A  Letter  from  a  Soldier 

“I  am  quite  fortunate  that  American  Agriculturist 
reaches  me,  and  that  I  can  read  it  at  snatched  mo¬ 
ments.  We  are  busy,  but  I  am  never  too  busy  to 
enjoy  it.  The  January  17  issue  has  just  come.  The 
outlines  and  resolutions  which  you  set  forth  to  help 
our  war  effort  should  be  received  with  enthusiasm. 
We  appreciate  knowing  that  the  farm  organizations 
are  working  for  us. 

“I  would  like  to  compliment  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  for  the  nice  poems  it  always  prints.  I  have 
saved  all  of  them  since  I  have  been  receiving  the 
paper  here. 

“The  problems  which  we  must  face  in  Hawaii  are 
somewhat  different  from  those  at  home.  However, 
we  all  need  a  chuckle  and  some  inspiration  to  keep 
our  spirits  up.  The  American  Agriculturist  goes 
the  rounds  among  my  buddies,  and  we  all  want  to 
thank  you  and  your  staff  for  the  good  work  you 
are  doing.”- — Private  W.  E.,  Hawaii. 

WHEN  the  personal  problems  and  worries 
of  my  business  and  in  my  life  caused  by 
the  war  seem  heavy,  I  think  of  the  bov  who 
wrote  the  above  letter,  and  the  thousands  like 
him  who  are  giving  their  all  for  America. 

Notice  how  modestly  he  mentions  his  own 
problems:  “The  problems  which  we  must  face 
in  Hawaii  are  somewhat  different  from  those 
at  home.”  There  is,  of  course,  no  comparison 
between  his  problems  and  most  of  ours.  He  is 
working  for  the  magnificent  sum  of  $30  a 
month.  He  is  awav  from  home,  far  from  those 
who  love  him.  More  than  that,  he  is  risking 
his  health  and  even  his  life.  And  after  all,  this 
war  wasn’t  caused  bv  the  mistakes  of  his  gen¬ 
eration;  the  responsibility  for  that  rests  with  us, 
the  older  generation.  But  the  boy  and  his  com¬ 
rades  are  the  ones  who  pay  the  price. 

It  seems  to  me,  therefore,  that  the  least  we 
can  do  is  to  give  him  everything  we  have,  no 
matter  what  the  cost,  in  order  that  he  and  his 
comrades  may  carry  the  war  to  a  successful 
conclusion  and  make  the  world  a  decent  place 
in  which  he,  his  children,  and  his  children’s 
children  may  carry  on. 

Farm  Boys  Who  Siay  Homo  Are 
Doing  Their  Duty 

N  A  LETTER  to  the  Honorable  James  W. 
Wadsworth,  Representative  in  Congress,  Roy 
A.  Porter,  prominent  farmer  of  western  New 
York,  says  in  part: 

“If  food  production  is  important  and  justifies  the 
deferment  of  skilled  and  key  men  in  farm  opera¬ 
tions,  we  should  give  recognition  to  the  people  de¬ 
ferred  and  to  their  employers  which  will  take  both 
out  of  the  “slacker”  class.  Many  people  don’t  ap¬ 
preciate  the  value  of  men  in  agriculture  and  in  cer¬ 
tain  war  industries  who  have  particular  skills,  and 
whose  productive  ability  because  of  experience  and 
knowledge  of  that  skill  fit  them  particularly  for  the 
job.” 

Mr.  Porter  has  put  his  finger  on  one  of  the 
most  important  problems  facing  agriculture  in 
America  today.  General  Hershey,  who  heads 
the  draft  work  in  the  United  States,  says  that 
of  all  the  farm  boys  who  join  the  army  only 
about  15  per  cent  are  actually  drafted.  The 
other  85  per  cent  enlist. 

Public  spirited  men  on  draft  boards  are  on 
the  spot.  The  country  needs  men  in  uniform, 
millions  of  them,  and  each  draft  board  must 
furnish  its  quota.  In  spite  of  this,  with  some 
exceptions,  the  draft  boards  have  been  very 
fair  about  deferring  farm  boys  where  it  is  prov¬ 
ed  that  they  are  clearly  needed  in  the  produc¬ 
tion  of  food. 

The  real  problem  is  not  there.  It  is  the  one 


Mr.  Porter  points  out.  Because  of  the  great  im¬ 
portance  of  this  problem,  American  Agricultur¬ 
ist  has  worked  out  a  plan  to  prove  to  your  son 
or  hired  man,  and  to  his  friends  and  neighbors, 
that  he  may  be  rendering  far  greater  service  to 
his  country  if  he  stays  on  the  farm  than  he  can 
render  in  the  armed  forces  or  in  a  city  factory. 
To  all  of  those  who  will  fill  out  and  send  to  us 
an  application  blank  stating  the  facts,  and  if 
the  facts  justify,  American  Agriculturist  will 
send  free  an  attractive  certificate  carrying  the 
man’s  name  and  certifying  that  he  has  volun¬ 
teered  on  the  Farm  Front  to  help  America  win 
the  war  by  producing  food. 

Sent  also  will  be  a  button  to  be  worn  con¬ 
stantly,  showing  that  the  wearer  is  doing  his 
duty  for  his  country. 

This  certificate  and  button  will,  of  course, 
not  be  furnished  until  we  have  proof  that  the 
man  is  actually  needed  on  the  Farm  Front. 
Some  of  us  must  fight  on  other  fronts. 

There  is  no  cost  for  this  certificate  and  button, 
and  application  forms  for  them  may  be  had  by 
addressing  American  Agriculturist,  Department 
C,  Ithaca,  New  York. 

No  More  Tires 

AM  MUCH  afraid  that  the  people  of  this 
country  do  not  yet  realize  the  serious  auto¬ 
mobile,  and  particularly  the  tire,  situation.  Our 
chief  sources  of  rubber  have  been  cut  off. 

The  other  day  I  had  a  visit  with  the  local 
tire  rationing  board.  These  men  are  serving 
without  pay  on  one  of  the  toughest  jobs  I  know. 
Their  offices  were  packed  with  people  trying 
to  get  new  tires.  But,  as  one  member  of  the 
board  said: 

“How  can  we  give  them  tires,  no  matter  how 
sympathetic  we  are,  when  we  have  none,  or 
only  a  very  few,  with  orders  to  let  them  go  only 
in  emergencies?” 

Farmers  have  some  priority  rights  for  ti...  ^ 
for  trucks  and  farm  machinery.  But  priorities 
are  no  good  if  there  aren’t  tires  enough  to  go 
around.  Our  only  hope  is  to  SAVE  THE 
TIRES  WE  HAVE.  For  suggestions  about  get¬ 
ting  more  mileage  from  your  tires,  see  page  13 
of  this  issue. 

Attention,  Cornell  Graduates! 

S  YOU  KNOW,  the  policies  of  Cornell  Uni¬ 
versity  are  determined  by  an  active  Board 
of  Trustees,  every  member  of  which  takes  a 
great  personal  interest  in  the  welfare  of  this 
educational  institution.  Very  much  a  part  of 
the  University,  and  under  the  direction  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  are  the  State  Colleges  of 
Agriculture,  Veterinary  Medicine,  and  Home 
Economics. 

For  fourteen  years,  A.  R.  Mann  was  Dean 
of  the  New  York  State  Colleges  of  Agriculture 
and  Home  Economics.  Following  that,  for  six 
years  he  was  Provost  of  Cornell  University.  Dur¬ 
ing  that  twenty  years’  service  to  Cornell,  Albert 
Mann  made  an  immeasurable  contribution  both 
to  the  State  Colleges  and  to  the  University  itself. 
Fortunately,  he  has  consented  to  stand  for  elec¬ 
tion  as  an  alumni  trustee  to  the  Corn'1;  Board. 

On  the  large  Cornell  ’Board  there  only  one 
woman  member,  Miss  Mary  Donlon,  whose 
term  as  an  alumni  trustee  is  about  to  expire. 
Cornell  is  a  co-educational  institution.  Out  of 
a  student  body  of  about  7,000,  there  are  ap¬ 
proximately  1500  women,  one-third  of  whom 
are  in  the  State  College  of  Home  Economics. 
It  would  seem  necessary,  logical,  and  fair  that 


women  should  be  represented  on  the  governing 
Board  of  Trustees. 

As  a  trustee,  Miss  Donlon  has  a  splendid 
record,  and  has  made  a  fine  contribution  to  the 
progress  of  Cornell  University.  She  brings  to 
the  Board  emphatically  the  woman’s  point  of 
view,  but  this  is  by  no  means  the  only  contribu¬ 
tion  she  makes.  Her  suggestions  and  work  on 
the  Board  are  combined  with  so  much  ability, 
tact  and  personality  that  she  has  the  respect  of 
the  entire  Board. 

There  are  two  vacancies  on  the  Board  to  be 
filled  by  alumni  vote. 

It  is  therefore  to  be  hoped  that  the  alumni 
will  give  both  A.  R.  Mann  and  Mary  Donlon  a 
rousing  vote,  thereby  giving  Cornell  the  benefit 
of  their  ability  and  experience  on  the  Board  of 
Trustees. 

No  Daylight  Saving  Beyond 
War  Time 

“The  advancing-  of  time  another  hour  beyond 
Eastern  War  Time  would  work  a  severe  hardship 
on  farmers  and  result  in  having  their  working  hours 
come  before  daylight  and  under  conditions  impos¬ 
sible  to  conduct  regular  planting,  cultivation,  and 
harvesting  operations. 

“This  further  advancing  of  the  time  would  neces¬ 
sarily  restrict  the  regular  working  hours  on  the 
farm  and  further  limit  the  available  labor  for  rais¬ 
ing  food  needed  to  win  the  war. 

“As  representatives  of  over  1500  Suffolk  County 
farmers,  we  would  like  to  oppose  any  further  ad¬ 
vancing  of  time,  and  request  that  you  use  your 
good  office  to  prevent  a  further  advance  of  time 
beyond  Eastern  War  Time.” 

John  S.  Ryder,  Chairman,  Executive  Committee, 
Suffolk  Co.  ( N .  Y.J  Farm  Bureau. 

ARMERS  everywhere  are  fully  in  accord 
with  the  emphatic  statements  in  the  above 
letter.  In  the  interests  of  winning  the  war,  farm 
people  have  not  objected  much  to  “war  time,” 
that  is,  advancing  the  clock  one  hour,  although 
it  brings  hardship  and  inconvenience  to  thou¬ 
sands.  But  advancing  another  hour  on  top  of 
Lhis  is  just  too  much. 

After  all,  there  is  a  limit  to  the  problems  a 
farmer  can  overcome.  Advancing  costs  of  pro¬ 
duction,  great  shortage  of  labor,  shortage  of 
machinery  and  other  farm  supplies  —  some  of 
these  cannot  be  helped.  But  advancing  the 
clock  another  hour  should  not  be  tolerated. 

Eastman’s  Chestnut 

^rT'1HE  American  Agriculturist  seems  almost 
X  like  a  local  product,  more  nearly  our 
paper  than  any  other,”  writes  W.  T.  “Perhaps 
that’s  the  reason  I  am  sending  you  some  humor¬ 
ous  sketches.  I  like  the  following  story  because 
it  is  about  a  man  laughing  at  himself,  which  is  a 
wholesome  form  of  humor: 

“A  neighbor  of  ours  had  a  very  long  nose 
and  seemed  to  get  as  much  amusement  out  of 
it  as  any  of  us.  One  winter  day  he  froze  the 
end  of  his  nose.  Someone  asked  him  why  he 
didn’t  rub  snow  on  it.  T  did,’  he  said,  ‘as  far 
out  as  I  could  reach!’ 

“Afterward  he  got  a  Ford  and  meeting  an¬ 
other  car  on  a  very  narrow  road  one  day,  he 
noticed  that  the  other  man,  too,  had  a  big  nose. 
Both  stopped  their  cars  and  our  neighbor  let 
out  a  guffaw. 

“  ‘Well,  by  gosh,’  he  said,  taking  his  nose  in 
his  hand  and  swinging  his  head  forward,  ‘eyes 
front!  Now  if  you’ll  do  that,  brother,  I  think 
there’ll  be  room  for  us  to  pass  each  other.’  ” 


circulation  manager;  V.  E.  Grover,  subscription  manager.  Subscription  price  payable  in  advance. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


5  (199) 


\ 

The  Pattern  of  Dictatorship 


Farmers  Unite  to  Resist  United  Mine  Workers 


N  THE  LAST  ISSUE  of  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  we  reported  some  of  the  plans  of 
the  United  Mine  Workers,  led  by  John  L. 
Lewis,  to  organize  all  of  the  agriculture  of 
America,  starting  with  dairymen.  Those 
plans  are  now  being  carried  through.  Some  of 
the  dairymen  in  Michigan  and  Wisconsin  have 
signed  up  and  accepted  the  union  membership 
card.  Organization  with  the  United  Mine  Work¬ 
ers  is  proceeding  in  some  parts  of  Wisconsin. 
The  New  York  and  New  England  milk  sheds 
are  next  in  line.  In  fact,  we  have  reports  that 
representatives  of  the  United  Mine  Workers 
have  already  been  in  the  New  York  milk  shed. 

Mr.  Lewis  and  leaders  of  the  United  Mine 
Workers  have  had  this  plan  to  organize  agricul¬ 
ture  in  mind  for  some  time.  Over  a  year  ago 
they  disclosed  it  to  certain  farm  leaders,  in  an 
effort,  which  failed,  to  get  these  leaders  to  join 
with  them.  It  is  reported  that  the  United  Mine 
Workers  have  a  fund  of  some  $6,000,000,  all  of 
which,  or  whatever  part  is  necessary,  will  be 
used  in  organizing  American  farmers,  with  the 
understanding  that  this  money  and  more,  much 
more,  will  be  recovered  from  the  farmers’  milk 
checks  after  the  organization  starts  to  operate. 

Farmers  Promised  the  Sky 

A  large  corps  of  trained  but  hardboiled  or¬ 
ganizers  will  be  turned  loose  in  the  old  dairy 
districts.  These  men  will  be  paid  high  salaries 
and  all  expenses  for  a  short  five-day  week.  If 
the  same  personnel  are  used  here  that  have  been 
used  in  organizing  industry,  some  of  those  or¬ 
ganizers  will  have  criminal  records  and  will  use 
ruthless  methods. 

At  first  farmers  will  be  promised  the  sky.  The 
farmer  will  be  told  that  all  he  has  to  do  is  to 
join  the  Mine  Workers  Union  and  get  his  friends 
to  join,  and  from  then  on  everything  will  be  fine. 
He  will  be  told  that  he  won’t  have  to  pay  a  cent 
of  dues  to  the  union  until  sixty  per  cent  of  the 
dairymen  in  the  milk  shed  are  signed  up.  Then 
a  closed  shop  will  be  declared,  and  farmers  who 
refuse  to  join  will  be  forced  in.  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  in  organizing  industry  the  unions  don’t 
wait  for  sixty  per  cent.  Twenty-five  per  cent  or 
even  less  is  enough  to  start  cracking  down  on 
those  who  still  refuse  to  join.  Already,  dairymen 
in  other  districts  where  those  organizers  are  at 
work  have  been  led  to  believe  that  if  they  don’t 
join,  their  milk  will  be  thrown  out  of  the  mar¬ 
ket  and  perhaps  their  buildings  destroyed. 

Millions  Collected  from  Dairymen 

After  enough  members  are  secured  and  a  clos¬ 
ed  shop  declared,  the  union  will  collect  3  cents 
a  hundred  pounds  on  a  check-off  system  before 
the  farmer  ever  sees  his  check.  This  would  total 
better  than  $2,000,000  a  year  in  the  New  York 
milk  shed  alone.  Similar  collections  from  the 
more  than  3,000,000  dairymen  of  the  entire 
country  would  give  Lewis  a  financial  power  that 
would  enable  him  to  do  almost  anything  that 
he  wanted. 

In  their  very  convincing  arguments  to  get 
dairymen  to  join,  the  organizers  claim  that  all 
opposition  comes  from  milk  dealers,  not  from 
farmers.  It  will  be  said  time  and  again  that  the 


farmers’  organizations  are  no  good,  that  they 
never  have  accomplished  anything,  and  that 
these  farm  organizations  are  now  fighting  back 
not  to  save  farmers  but  only  to  preserve  their 
own  selfish  power  and  salaries. 

Leaders  of  the  United  Mine  Workers  know, 
just  as  every  thinking  farmer  knows,  that  much 
of  what  the  organizers  are  promising  dairymen 
is  plain  lies.  There  is  no  way  under  Heaven  of 
obtaining  for  every  dairyman,  or  for  any  dairy¬ 
man  in  America,  Class  I  or  fluid  milk  prices  for 
all  the  milk  that  he  can  produce.  Even  were  this 
possible  for  a  short  time,  every  dairyman  im¬ 
mediately  would  start  heavier  feeding  of  his 
poor  as  well  as  his  good  cows.  He  would  begin 
to  raise  more  cows.  The  result  would  be  that 
within  a  short  time  there  would  be  more  milk 
than  the  market  could  possibly  absorb. 

Foolish  Promises 

It  should  be  evident  to  anyone  who  gives  a 
second  thought  to  it  that  the  Mine  Workers 
cannot  promise  such  high  prices  to  dairymen 
for  all  of  their  milk  and  at  the  same  time 
promise  consumers  low  prices  for  all  the  milk 
they  buy.  How  long  do  dairymen  think  a  city 
labor  organization,  outnumbering  farmers  in  its 
membership  twenty  to  one,  could  possibly  get 
away  with  high  retail  prices  for  milk?  Not  even 
John  L.  Lewis  can  force  people  to  drink  more 
milk  at  a  higher  price.  It  is  easy  for  leaders  of 
the  United  Mine  Workers  to  promise  dairymen 
high  prices  in  order  to  get  control  of  them. 
That’s  what  Hitler  told  the  people  of  Holland — 
how  he  would  protect  and  care  for  them  if  they 
would  just  accept  his  organization! 

If  you  believe  that  a  labor  organization  which 
is  primarily  a  city  consumers’  organization  can 
force  up  the  retail  price  ol  milk,  take  a  look  at 
the  New  York  milk  Order  right  now.  Every 
dairy  organization  in  the  milk  shed,  plus  even 
the  Department  of  Agriculture  itself,  is  unable 
to  get  satisfactory  prices  for  farmers  in  that 
Order,  because  of  consumers’  influence. 

In  a  meeting  the  other  day  where  this  prob¬ 
lem  was  being  discussed,  a  farmer  was  heard  to 
say: 

“I  don’t  believe  farmers  will  fall  for  this!” 

That’s  right.  They  won’t  if  they  have  the  facts. 
But  a  lot  of  them  won’t  have  the  facts  when  the 
smooth-talking  organizer  comes  around.  And 
don’t  forget  that  all  Lewis  wants  is  25  per  cent, 
or  less,  of  the  farmers  on  any  milk  route,  or 
around  any  milk  station,  or  in  any  neighbor¬ 
hood.  He  can  then  force  the  others  in.  And  that’s* 
just  what  he  is  doing.  A  dairyman  in  Michigan 
said  the  other  day  that  he  holds  a  United  Mine 
Workers  membership  card  in  the  dairy  division. 
He  said: 

“I  talked  against  it,  and  voted  against  it  in 
my  local.  But  nevertheless,  enough  of  my  neigh¬ 
bors  voted  to  join  the  union  so  that  I  had  to.” 

Sorry  When  Too  Late 

It  will  be  easy  for  a  dairyman,  irritated  by  too 
low  prices  for  milk,  by  the  rising  costs  of  pro¬ 
duction,  by  a  shortage  of  farm  help,  and  by 
dozens  of  other  problems,  to  fall  for  the  line  of 
argument  of  the  United  Mine  Workers  organiz¬ 


ers,  and  say  to  himself : 

“What  the  heck!  Things  cannot  be  any  worse 
than  they  are.  Maybe  I’d  better  give  this  a  trial.” 

But  things  can  be  worse — far  worse.  Loyal 
Frenchmen  followed  this  line  of  reasoning  before 
the  coming  of  the  Germans.  They  have  now 
found  out  that  their  problems  before  the  con¬ 
quest  were  small  indeed  compared  to  the  slav¬ 
ery,  the  starvation,  and  the  death  which  is  upon 
France  today. 

W’hat  John  Lewis  May  Be  Aiming  for 

If  many  farmers  do  sign  up  with  John  Lewis, 
they  will  find  it  will  be  the  saddest  mistake  in 
their  experience.  For  this  is  not  just  a  fight  about 
milk  prices.  It  goes  far  deeper,  to  the  very  core 
of  everything  farmers  and  other  citizens  of  this 
country  hold  dear.  Dairymen  and  agriculture 
itself  are  only  the  pawns  in  the  deep  plans  of 
John  Lewis  and  his  followers  to  control  the 
destinies  of  America.  Don’t  kid  yourself  by 
thinking  that  he  is  interested  in  you.  Mr.  Lewis, 
as  you  know,  has  fallen  out  with  the  main  C. 
I.  O.  organization.  It  is  entirely  within  the 
realms  of  possibility  that  what  he  is  trying  now 
to  do  is  to  build  a  great  personal  organization, 
financed  by  the  farmers  of  America,  which  will 
enable  him  to  put  the  C.I.O.  and  the  A.F.  of  L. 
in  the  shade,  and  make  him,  John  L.  Lewis,  the 
real  power  behind  the  throne  —  and  we  mean 
throne — in  Washington.  It  is  a  well-thought-out 
dream  to  rule  agriculture  and  rule  the  United 
States  by  Fascist  city  groups.  A  fantastic  dream, 
did  you  say?  Well,  that’s  what  France  thought 
about  the  possibility  of  Germany  conquering 
her.  But  we  know  what  happened.  Our  Army 
and  Navy  officials  thought  Japan  was  a  push¬ 
over.  We  know  the  answer  to  that,  too.  We  peo¬ 
ple  of  the  democracies  make  the  sad  mistake 
of  getting  started  too  slowly  and  of  arriving  too 
'  late.  And  that  may  be  the  way  with  farmers  if 
they  don’t  take  seriously  this  threat  by  the  Unit¬ 
ed  Mine  Workers  to  organize  American  agri¬ 
culture. 

You  Will  Be  Protected 

But  farmers  are  not  going  to  take  this  threat 
lying  down.  Already,  all  over  America,  the  farm¬ 
ers  are  rallying  together  to  meet  this  challenge 
as  they  have  never  rallied  before.  Conferences 
have  been  held  both  locally  and  nationally,  rep¬ 
resenting  nearly  every  farm  organization  in 
America,  including  the  National  and  State 
Granges,  and  the  National  and  State  Farm  and 
Home  Bureaus.  Farmers  are  going  down  the 
road  together,  united  to  protect  you,  your  fam¬ 
ily,  and  your  property  from  being  taken  over 
and  dictated  to  by  city  leaders  who  have  noth¬ 
ing  in  mind  except  to  advance  their  own  selfish 
interests. 

As  a  result  of  these  meetings,  careful  plans 
have  been  laid  and  forces  mobilized  to  stand 
with  you  to  protect  your  interests  wherever 
necessary  in  every  farm  community  of  the 
Northeast.  It  is  not  the  purpose  of  this  article 
to  divulge  the  plans  of  how  or  where  this  fight 
to  protect  the  American  farmer  will  be  conduct¬ 
ed,  but  it  will  be  conducted.  It  may  encourage 

you,  however,  to  know  that  if  any  group  tries 
( Continued  on  Page  27) 


(200)  6 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


How  To  Make 

TI1E  MOWER 

Work  Better  s.  Q-  Mavudosi 


(Editor’s  Note:  This  story  ran  in 
American  Agriculturist  on  June  20, 
1936.  It  is  so  helpful  in  the  present 
situation  that  we  are  reprinting  it  in 
this  issue.) 

TWO  MOWING  machines  may  look 
exactly  alike,  yet  one  may  make 
a  team  of  horses  work  30  per  cent  hard¬ 
er  although  doing  a  much  poorer  job. 
A  mower  pulls  hard  because  it  is  out 
of  adjustment.  Fortunately  the  right 
information  plus  a  few  tools  and  an 
hour  or  two  of  time  will  put  the  mow¬ 
er  in  shape  to  do  a  first  class  job.  To 
work  properly,  a  mower  must  have : 

1.  A  cutter  bar  that  is  lined  up  prop¬ 
erly; 

2.  Guards  that  are  aligned; 

3.  Knives  that  are  sharp  and  cen¬ 
tered; 

4.  Knife  clips  that  are  tight. 

While  different  mowing  machine 
manufacturers  have  different  direc¬ 
tions,  a  good  general  rule  is  that  a 
cutter  bar  should  “lead”  by  a  quarter 
of  an  inch  for  each  foot  in  length. 
That  means  that  instead  of  being  ab¬ 
solutely  at  right  angles  to  the  pole 
and  parallel  to  the  axle,  the  outer  end 
of  the  cutter  bar  is  slightly  ahead  of 
the  inner  end.  When  the  mower  is 


operating,  this  lead  is  taken  up  by  the 
work  the  knives  are  doing  and  by  the 
friction  on  the  ground  so  that  the  bar 
is  at  right  angles  to  the  pole. 

A  good  method  to  check  cutter  bar 
alignment  is  shown  in  Figure  1.  If  it 
is  not  lined  up  properly,  look  at  your 
instruction  book,  or,  in  most  cases  a 
checking  up  of  the  mower  will  show 
how  to  adjust  the  cutter  bar  and  bring 
it  back  into  alignment. 

Guards  badly  out  of  alignment  can 
be  detected  by  sighting  along  the  cut¬ 
ter  bar  (see  “d”  in  Fig.  2)  or  a 
straight  piece  of  strap  iron,  15  to  20 
inches  long,  run  along  the  tops  of  the 
guard  plates  to  see  which  are  high  or 
low.  Pay  no  attention  to  points  of 
guards,  except  as  they  influence  the 
position  of  ledger  plates.  To  have 
proper  shearing  action,  it  is  important 
that  the  knives  touch  each  guard  plate. 
Guards  which  are  out  of  alignment  can 
be  driven  back  into  place  by  hitting 
with  a  hammer  at  the  thick  part  of  the 
guard.  New  guards  are  likely  to  be 
too  high.  This  trouble  can  be  remedied 
by  putting  tin  shims  between  the  guard 
and  cutter  bar  when  bolted  on.  You 
may  find,  by  sighting  along  the  knife, 
that  there  are  bends  in  it.  If  there 


FIGURE  1.  Here  is  one  way  to  check  the  alignment  of  a  cutter  bar.  Block  the 
tongue  up  to  normal  position  (32  inches  from  the  ground)  and  adjust  the  lift  spring 
so  that  the  inside  shoe  is  just  floating.  Then  tie  a  cord  to  the  oil  cap  on  the  pit¬ 
man  box  (A  above).  Stretch  the  cord  over  the  center  of  the  knife  head  as  shown 


at  B  and  the  amount  of  lead  can  be  determined  at  C.  The  upper  illustration  shows 
a  5  foot  bar  with  the  proper  lead  (from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  quarter),  while  the 
lower  illustration  shows  a  4  inch  lag.  At  G  in  this  mower,  there  is  an  eccentric 
bushing  which  can  be  turned  to  take  out  the  lag. 


are,  they  can  be  taken  out  with  a  ham¬ 
mer  on  a  flat  iron  surface. 

A  knife  that  is  properly  centered 
rests  right  in  the  middle  of  one  guard 
at  one  end  of  the  stroke  and  at  the 
center  of  the  next  guard  at  the  other 
end  of  the  stroke.  To  check  this,  raise 
the  tongue  of  the  mower  to  the  point 
it  would  be  when  the  horses  are  hitch¬ 
ed  on  the  machine  and 
turn  the  fly-wheel  first  to 
one  dead  center  and  then 
to  the  other.  If  the  knives 
do  not  center  properly, 
you  will  find  an  adjust¬ 
ment  to  correct  it.  The  ad¬ 
justment  differs  on  differ¬ 
ent  makes  of  machines;  ir 
some  the  coupling  bar 
running  from  the  frame 
to  the  inner  end  of  the 
cutter  bar,  is  threaded  at 
one  end;  in  others  provis¬ 
ion  is  made  for  taking  off 
or  adding  washers  in  order  to  center, 
or  register,  the  knife.  The  adjustment 
will  throw  the  inner  end  of  the  cutter 
bar  forward  or  back. 

If  the  knife  clips  are  loose  (see  “i” 
in  Figure  2),  knives  are  not  held  close¬ 
ly  to  the  guard  plates  and  there  is  a 
tendency  for  grass  to  pull  into  the 
guards  rather  than  for  it  to  be  cut  off 
clean.  Do  not  adjust  these  plates  until 
the  knife  bar  has  been  straightened 
and  the  knives  centered,  then,  starting 
with  the  clip  nearest  the  inside  shoe, 
and  with  the  knife  out,  tap  the  clip 
lightly  with  a  hammer.  After  each  tap 
run  the  knife  under  the  clip  to  check 
tightness.  If  the  clip  is  too  tight,  hit 
it  a  sharp  blow  just  between  the  two 
bolts  that  hold  it.  There  should  be  a 
clearance  about  equal  to  the  thickness 
of  a  post  card.  In  the  same  way  con¬ 
tinue  tightening  the  clips  along  the 
bar,  just  enough  so  you  can  move  the 


knife  freely  by  hand. 

Most  mowers  have  a  number  of  ad¬ 
justments  for  taking  up  wear.  A 
thorough  inspection  of  the  mower  will 
show  where  there  is  excessive  wear 
and  the  adjustment  for  taking  it  up 
is  usually  quite  apparent.  However, 
from  the  point  of  view  of  easy  and 
satisfactory  operation,  the  adjustments 


FIGURE  2.  The  right  ami  wrong  ad¬ 
justment  of  clip.  At  A  (which  is  right) 
notice  that  the  knife  “f”  hugs  the  guard 
“d”  closely  and  that  the  clip  “i”  touches 
the  knife.  At  B  (which  is  wrong)  notice 
the  space  between  “d”  and  “f”  and  that 
the  clip  “i”  does  not  touch  the  knife. 
Notice  also  that  the  wearing  plate  “j”  is 
wo'rn,  allowing  the  knife  bar  “g”  to  fit 
loosely  in  its  groove  and  the  back  edge 
of  the  knife  to  drop,  thus  raising  the 
cutting  edge  of  the  section  “f”  away  from 
the  ledger  plate  “d”. 

mentioned  are  the  most  important.  If 
you  want  more  detailed  information, 
an  excellent  source  is  Farmers’  Bulle¬ 
tin  1754,  which  can  be  secured  by 
sending  five  cents  to  Superintendent  of 
Documents,  Government  Printing  Office, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

(Editor-’s  Note:  New  York  State  resi¬ 
dents  can  also  get  Bulletin  No.  471,  “Re¬ 
pairing  the  Mowing  Machine,”  by  writing 
to  the  Mailing  Room,  College  of  Agricul¬ 
ture,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.) 


b 

\  a 

A>^ 


(leadesid  fiaok 


Keep  Mine  Workers  Out 
of  Milk 

I  was  very  much  pleased  with  your 
editorial  on  the  C.  I.  O.  However,  I  am 
greatly  disturbed  over  the  possibility 
that  this  outfit  may  succeed  in  getting 
a  foothold  in  this  milk  shed.  It  seems 
to  me  this  move  of  the  C.  I.  O.  should 
be  stopped  before  it  gets  started. 

I  know  that  many  other  dairymen 
in  this  county  are  aware  of  the  dang¬ 
er  in  the  present  situation,  and  it 
seems  as  though  some  plan  ought  to 
be  formulated  right  away. — P.  F.,  New 
York. 

Editor’s  Note:  This  movement  must 
and  will  be  stopped.  See  article  about 
this  on  another  page  in  this  issue. 

❖  *  ❖ 

Sugar  Hal  inning  no 
Hardship 

I  read  your  item  “Sugar  Rationing” 
on  page  19  of  the  February  28  issue 
of  American  Agriculturist.  It  starts 
my  blood  running  hot  to  hear  so  much 
hoot  and  yell  about  sugar.  It  makes 
one  think  the  situation  is  really  ser¬ 
ious. 

There  are  three  in  my  family,  and 
we  raise  a  half-acre  garden,  eating  all 
we  can  green.  We  can  approximately 
200  quarts  of  vegetables,  give  away 
large  quantities,  and  sell  some. 

We  buy  nearly  all  the  fruits  and 
berries  we  have.  Last  fall,  we  canned 
2  y2  bushels  of  peaches,  1%  bushels  of 
strawberries,  y2  bushel  blueberries,  y2 
bushel  blackberries,  and  %  bushel  rasp¬ 
berries.  We  used  no  sugar  at  all,  and 
did  not  lose  a  single  can.  We  are  now 
nearly  out,  and  plan  to  can  double 
next  fall. 

We  would  not  use  sugar  if  it  were 
free  and  plenty  for  the  fruit  and  ber¬ 
ries  are  much  nicer  and  nearer  the 


While  we  cannot  possibly  print 
all  letters  received,  your  com¬ 
ments  and  opinions  are  appreci¬ 
ated.  These  letters  do  not  neces¬ 
sarily  represent  the  opinions  of 
this  paper.  The  editors  reserve 
the  right  tft  disagree  with  senti¬ 
ments  expressed  here. 


fresh  flavor  than  when  we  used  sugar. 
We  find  the  less  sugar  used  when  eat¬ 
ing  them,  the  better  the  flavor. 

I  think  it  very  unpatriotic  to  com¬ 
plain  so  much  about  sugar  when  we 
really  do  not  need  so  much. — Mrs.  C. 
K.  F.,  Vermont. 

Editor’s  Note:  You  are  right.  Am¬ 
ericans  eat  far  too  much  sugar. 

*  *  * 

Truck  License  Great 
Hardship 

Present  truck  licensing  laws  in  New 
York  State  work  a  grave  injustice  on 
farmers.  While  they  use  the  roads 
very  little  during  the  year,  they  must 
buy  a  regular  commercial  truck  license 
which,  on  a  iy2  ton  truck,  runs  around 
$45.00  which  may  be  more  than  the 
taxes  on  a  small  farm.  As  a  result, 
they  either  buy  the  license  and  market 
the  products  under  a  heavy  handicap, 
or  they  fail  to  buy  and  farm  crops  are 
not  marketed  because  they  are  not  of 
sufficient  value  to  justify  hiring  a 
trucker. 

In  the  past,  the  Governor  has  vetoed 
a  bill  for  which  we  producers  have  ask¬ 
ed,  stating  that  the  state  would  lose 
money  by  lower  truck  licenses  for 
farmers.  The  contrary  is  true.  More 
truck  licenses  would  be  purchased,  and 
thousands  more  tons  of  farm  produce 
would  reach  the  market  if  farm  truck 
( Continued  on  Page  26) 


Ar  .erican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


7  (201) 


cMow-  to  Chech  the  £eetJU*ta  date 

of  a  GRAIN  IIHILL 


FIRST,  prepare  a  bushel  or  two  of 
the  seed,  cleaning  and  treating  it 
just  as  it  is  to  be  used,  and  spread  it 
evenly  in  the  drill  box.  Next,  jack  up 
one  of  the  drill  wheels,  measure  with 
a  string  or  tape  the  circumference  or 
distance  around  the  tire,  and  multiply 
this  by  the  width  in  feet  of  the  strip 
the  drill  sows,  usually  the  distance 
from  one  wheel  to  the  last  hoe  or  disc 
on  the  other  side.  This  will  give  the 
number  of  square  feet  drilled  for  each 
revolution  of  the  drive  wheel,  and  di¬ 
viding  this  product  into  the  43,560 
square  feet  in  an  acre  will  give  the 
number  of  wheel  revolutions  required 
to  drill  one  acre. 

Suppose  the  wheel  has  a  circumfer¬ 
ence  of  14.2  feet  and  drills  a  strip  11 
feet  from  wheel  to  outside  hoe.  Then 
it  drills  170.2  square  feet  for  each  re¬ 
volution  of  the  wheel,  and  dividing 
43,560  square  feet  by  170.2  square  feet 
gives  approximately  256  as  the  number 
of  wheel  turns  for  one-fourth  acre.  Now 
set  the  feed  register  at  one  bushel  of 
wheat,  if  this  is  the  grain  and  amount 
desired  per  acre;  spread  a  canvas  un¬ 
der  the  shoes  or  discs;  turn  the  wheel 
forward  until  the  first  grain  drops; 
mark  a  point  on  the  wheel;  and  then 
turn  it  steadily  64  turns  at  about  the 
speed  the  drill  will  move  when  operat¬ 
ed,  and  the  drill  has  now  theoretically 
covered  one-fourth  acre. 

Weigh  the  seed  grain  on  the  canvas 
carefully,  and  see  if  the  number  of 
pounds  is  exactly  one-fourth  of  the 
number  of  pounds  you  wish  to  sow  per 
acre.  If  so,  well  and  good,  and  you 
can  mark  this  rate  O.  K.  on  a  card 
or  chart  fastened  on  the  inside  of  the 
lid.  If  too  much  or  too  little,  change 
the  feed  register  a  little  and  make 
other  trials,  until  you  get  approximate¬ 
ly  the  rate  desired,  when  it  should  be 
noted  carefully  on  the  chart. 

In  the  same  way,  check  for  sowing 
oats,  barley,  etc.  These  calibrating  tests 
can  be  made  quite  rapidly  after  one 
gets  the  hang  of  it.  The  fertilizer  and 
grass  seeding  attachments  can  be  cali¬ 
brated  in  the  same  way  except  that 
the  grass  seed  feed  adjustment  and 
weighing  will  have  to  be  done  much 
more  carefully  because  of  the  small 
amount  sown  per  acre. — I.  W.  D. 

— a.  a. — 

PLOW  ADJUSTMENTS 

A  walking  plow  looks  like  a  simple 
tool;  but  when  it  is  not  correctly  ad¬ 
justed,  the  power  needed  for  plowing 
is  greatly  increased.  A  plow  is  held 
in  the  ground  by  what  is  termed 
“suction.”  This  means  that  the  point 
of  the  share  is  turned  downward,  tend¬ 


ing  to  pull  the  plow  into  the  ground. 

The  wheel  on  the  beam  is  not  in¬ 
tended  to  regulate  depth  of  plowing. 
Depth  to  which  the  plow  runs  should 
be  regulated  by  the  vertical  hitch  or 
adjustment  at  the  front  of  the  plow, 
and  the  hitch  should  be  adjusted  low 
enough  so  that  the  heel  of  the  land- 
side  runs  in  the  bottom  of  the  furrow. 
When  this  is  properly  adjusted,  the 
plow  will  not  ride  on  its  nose.  After 
the  adjustment  has  been  made,  the 
beam  wheel  is  adjusted  so  it  will  run 
on  the  top  of  the  ground.  It  will  then 
prevent  the  plow  from  sinking  into 
soft  spots  in  the  field. 

Also  on  the  front  end  of  the  beam 
is  a  horizontal  adjustment,  usually  in 
the  form  of  several  holes,  to  which  the 
whiffletrees  are  attached  by  a  clevis. 
Make  the  adjustment  so  that  the  plow 
will  ride  evenly  when  you  do  not  have 
hold  of  the  handles.  If  the  handles 
tip  to  the  right,  move  the  clevis  one 
hole  toward  the  right.  If  the  handles 
tip  to  the  left,  move  the  clevis  one 
hole  to  the  left. 

The  width  the  plow  cuts  is  affected 
by  the  length  of  the  evener.  A  38- 
inch  evener  is  about  right.  The  jointer 
should  cut  from  iy2  to  2  inches  deep 
and  about  %  inches  toward  the  land, 
and  is  set  so  it  enters  the  ground  just 
as  the  furrow  slice  begins  to  break 
open  above  the  share. 

Be  sure  the  point  and  coulter  are 
sharp.  If  new  ones  are  needed  order 
them.  A  few  minutes’  attention  to  a 
plow’s  adjustments  NOW  will  make  it 
pull  easier  and  do  a  better  job. 

— a.  a. — 

TRACTOR  TRACTION 

The  traction  you  get  from  your  trac¬ 
tor  depends  on  several  things. 

1.  First  is  correct  air  pressure.  Of 
course,  where  pressure  is  too  low,  ex¬ 
cessive  wear  will  result;  but  if  the  air 
pressure  is  much  above  that  recom¬ 
mended  by  the  manufacturer,  wheels 
will  slip  easily. 

2.  There  is  a  reason  for  wheel 
weights.  They  are  not  needed  for  light 
work  such  as  planting,  harrowing  or 
cultivating;  but  when  you  are  plowing 
or  doing  other  heavy  work,  they  will 
give  you  better  traction.  The  tendency 
for  years  has  been  to  improve  tractors 
so  that  you  get  more  horsepower  per 
100  pounds  of  tractor  weight.  To  offset 
this,  tractor  wheel  weights  are  provid¬ 
ed  for  use  when  they  are  needed. 

3.  One  way  of  increasing  tractor 
weight  is  to  use  water  in  the  tires. 
Calcium  chloride  is  added  to  this 
water  to  protect  against  freezing. 


Floyd  Chapin  of  Union  Springs,  New  York,  shows  how  easy  it  is  to  lengthen  the 
reach  in  his  homemade  rubber  tired  wagon  merely  by  sliding  the  rear  wheels  back 
and  dropping  the  pin  in  another  hole.  He  says  that  he  likes  this  wagon  because  the 
original  cost  was  low  and  because  the  wagon  itself  is  low  and  rolls  easily. 


IT’S  THE 

FAVORITE  WITH 
FARMERS 


-the  PIPE-SMOKE  that’s  so  MILD, 


THERE'S  NO  OTHER 
TOBACCO  LIKE 
PRINCE  ALBERT  FOR 
REAL  MILDNESS 
WITH  RICH  TOBACCO-/ 
TASTE.  RA.  BURNS 
COOLER.  AND  IT'S 
NO-BITE  TREATED. 

CRIMP  CUT  TO 
PACK  AND  DRAW 
EASIER,  TOO— 

IN  PIPES  OR  -J 
PAPERS!  wi 


yet  so  RICH ,  so  TASTY 


In  recent  laboratory 
“smoking  bowl”  tests, 
Prince  Albert  burned 


DEGREES 


pipefuls 
of  fra¬ 
grant 
tobacco 
in  every 
handy 
pocket 
can  of 
Prince 
Albert 


COOLER 


than  the  average  of 
the  30  other  of  the  largest- 
selling  brands  tested 
coolest  of  all ! 


B.  J.  Reynolds  Tobacco  Company,  Winston-Salem,  North  Carolina 


THE  NATIONAL  JOY  SMOKE 


Write  for  big,  free  1942  TRACTOR  PARTS  CATA¬ 
LOGUE;  tremendous  savings.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

CENTRAL  TRACTOR  WRECKING  CO.,  Boone,  Iowa 


MY  OVER  AND  UNDERWEIGHT  HEAD  for  b«*SJ 
scales  saves  energy,  $15.00,  free  circular.  M.  SCHU* 
MACHER,  WESTHAMPT0N  BEACH,  NEW  YORK. 


(202)  8 

f  W' 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


for' 


Miters 


From  Furrows  Like  These 


tHere  is  no  ordinary  plowman  drudging  at  a  dreary  job.  He  is 
building  the  birthplace  of  bread  and  butter,  bacon  and  toma¬ 
toes  to  feed  fighting  men  in  ships  and  planes,  tanks  and  forts. 
He  is  boosting  his  earnings  as  well  as  his  production,  because 
he  knows  it  is  patriotic  to  prosper.  He  can  proudly  pay  his 
war  taxes  and  buy  defense  bonds. 

These  are  not  ordinary  times,  and  those  are  not  ordinary  fur¬ 
rows.  Just  look  at  them!  Not  earth  merely  tumbled,  but  correctly 
crumbled  from  top  to  bottom.  Not  a  jumble  of  lumps  and  pockets, 
but  evenly  loosened  to  let  air  enter  and  roots  advance,  yet  compact 
for  capillary  movement  of  moisture  and  firm  to  anchor  sturdy 
stalks^  Not  the  start  of  tedious  tillage,  but  a  rootbed  built  in  one 
swift  passage  of  man  and  machines. 

This  is  no  ordinary  plow.  It  is  a  Case  Centennial.  Its  high-speed 
bottoms  are  built  to  level  the  surface  for  early  planting,  as  shown 
here,  or  by  a  change  of  pace  to  leave  ridges  that  soak  up  rain  and 
hold  soil  and  snow  secure  under  winter  winds.  Its  big  rudder-action 
rear  wheel,  adjustable  for  every  condition,  keeps  landsides  from 
rubbing  furrow  walls,  enables  this  man  to  plow  extra  acres  with 
power  saved  from  landside  friction. 

If  you  have  a  Case  Centennial  plow  ...  or  can  get  one  ...  let  its 
speed  and  strength  make  you  a  better  fighter  on  the  food  front. 
Let  your  Case  dealer’s  service  keep  its  edges  keen,  make  its  long 
life  still  longer.  He  can  serve  you  better  if  you  see  him  soon. 


cg  TO  AC  Rl C  U lt u 


In  1842  Jerome  I.  Case  started  to  build 
machines  to  make  farm  work  easier,  farm 
earnings  better,  food  more  plentiful.  In 
1892,  midway  in  the  century,  his  firm 
built  the  world’s  first  gas  tractor.  Out 
of  this  long  experience  comes  the  long 
life  built  into  Case  tractors,  machines 
and  implements.  Write  for  books  or 
folders  on  any  farm  equipment  you  need. 
J.  I.  Case  Co.,  Dept.  C-6,  Racine,  Wis., 
or  nearest  branch. 


i  •s;  / i  i  vlo V  A*.- ' 


When  Writing  Advertisers  Be  Sure  to  *'4ention  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 

AUTOMOBILE  INSURANCE 


MERCH 

CASUA 


MUTUAL 
COMPANY 


C.  W.  BROWN,  President 
BUFFALO,  N.Y. 

ASK  OUR  AGENT  IN  YOUR  TOWN  ABOUT  SURE  PROTECTION, 
PROMPT  SETTLEMENTS,  AND  ECONOMY,  WITH  PERSONAL  SERVICE 


ta  2>a  a  BeM&i  Qoh  w-UU 

a  Sulky  Cultivator 


By  W.  F.  MILLIER, 

New  York  State  College  of  Agriculture 


EARLY  in  the  season  the  soil  re¬ 
quires  deep  cultivation  to  loosen  it 
up  and,  as  the  season  progresses,  shal¬ 
lower  cultivation  should  be  practiced 
to  prevent  destroying  the  root  system 
of  the  crop  and  to  keep  the  soil  free 
from  crust  which  would  prevent  the 
water  from  entering  the  soil.  A  culti¬ 
vator  must  be  properly  adjusted  and 
equipped  with  the  right  shovels  if  all 
of  these  jobs  are  to  be  performed  cor¬ 
rectly  and  efficiently.  One  set  of  shov¬ 
els  will  not  do  this  adequately.  Narrow 
shovels  are  used  early  in  the  season 
and  wider  ones  as  the  season  progress¬ 
es  until  finally  the  wide  sweeps  are 
adequate. 

The  cultivator  must  be  in  proper  ad¬ 
justment  to  do  the  best  job  of  culti¬ 
vating.  To  be  correct,  the  proper  shov¬ 
els  must  be  used.  They  must  be  ad¬ 
justed  for  depth  and  for  angle.  The 
machine  should  be  balanced  to  aid 
steering  and  lessen  the  weight  on  the 
team.  The  trip  mechanism  must  be 
free  and  properly  adjusted.  Many  cul¬ 
tivators  are  ruined  because  this  trip 
mechanism  has  been  out  of  working 
order.  Something  has  to  give  when  a 
stone  is  hit  and  if  the  tooth  cannot 
trip,  the  gang  frame  may  become 
sprung. 

A.  Adjust  the  trip  mechanism  on  all 
teeth. 

1.  Remove  the  teeth  from  the  gang 
frames. 

2.  Place  the  shank  in  a  heavy  vise 
with  the  shovel  end  up. 

3.  Oil  all  the  joints  in  the  trip 
mechanism. 

4.  Work  the  mechanism  with  a  large 
monkey  wrench  until  it  is  no  longer 
held  by  rust  and  dirt. 

5.  Adjust  the  set  screw  at  the  break- 
joint  ,until  the  joint  breaks  with  a 
sudden  pull  on  the  wrench  at  the 
point  and  does  not  break  with  a 
steady  pull.  (The  spring  should  be 
as  loose  as  possible  when  the  set 
screw  is  adjusted). 

6.  Adjust  the  spring  to  throw  the 
shovel  into  position  after  it  has  been 
tripped.  The  spring  may  slightly  af¬ 
fect  the  tripping.  Recheck  as  in 
No.  5. 

B.  Adjust  the  shovels  on  the  teeth. 

1.  Put  on  the  correct  set  of  shovels 
to  be  used. 

2.  Adjust  the  shovels  to  make  a  45° 
angle  with  the  shank. 

3.  The  front  shovels  may  be  adjust¬ 
ed  to  throw  dirt  toward  or  away 


from  the  plants  if  desired. 

C.  Replace  the  teeth  on  the  frames. 

1.  Be  sure  the  clamps  are  arranged 
on  the  frame  so  that  all.  teeth  will 
be  the  same  distance  apart  and  will 
cover  the  desired  width. 

2.  With  the  cultivator  on  a  level 
floor,  place  the  wheels  upon  2” 
blocks  and  raise  the  end  of  the 
tongue  33”  from  the  floor. 

3.  Place  the  tilting  lever,  main  depth 
lever  and  individual  depth  levers  in 
the  middle  notch. 

4.  Lengthen  or  shorten  the  gang 
frame  suspenders  so  the  gang  frames 
am  level. 

5.  Set  the  seat  to  fit  the  operator. 

6.  Adjust  the  balance  straps  so  there 
is  a  slight  amount  of  weight  on  the 
end  of  the  tongue  when  the  operator 
is  on  the  seat. 

7.  Be  sure  the  frame  is  level  and  all 
teeth  touch  the  floor.  Clamp  the 
teeth  tightly  to  the  frame. 

D.  Wheel  Adjustments. 

Set  the  wheel  spacing  so  the  wheels 
run  near  the  center  of  the  space  be¬ 
tween  the  rows.  For  easy  steering  the 
wheels  should  be  closer  together  at 
the  front  and  bottom  than  they  are 
at  the  rear  and  top. 

E.  Grease  and  Oil. 

Fill  the  grease  containers  on  the 
wheels.  Oil  all  moving  parts.  Keep 
the  trip  mechanism  oiled  and  free 
from  rust. 

— a.  a. — 

KICK  RIGHT  PARTY 

Several  letters  from  readers,  who 
have  been  unable  to  get  new  machines 
or  repair  parts,  express  some  irritation 
toward  farm  machinery  manufacturers. 
Such  irritation  is  natural,  but  is  direct¬ 
ed  toward  the  wrong  parties.  Those 
really  responsible  live  in  Berlin,  Rome 
and  Tokyo. 

War  needs  come  first,  and  govern¬ 
ment  agencies  have  found  it  necessary 
to  ration  materials.  A  good  priority 
rating  was  given  to  steel  for  farm 
equipment  and  repairs,  but  after  all 
there  is  only  so  much  material  avail¬ 
able  and  farm  machinery  manufactur¬ 
ers  have  found  it  difficult  to  get  the 
amounts  which  the  government  figured 
would  meet  absolutely  minimum  re¬ 
quirements.  Farm  equipment  manufac¬ 
turers  are  doing  their  level  best  to 
meet  a  serious  situation,  and  farmers 
will  match  them  in  their  efforts  to  fur¬ 
nish  the  food  necessary  to  win  the  war. 


Says  Earl  Beckwith  of  Ludlowville,  Cayuga  County,  New  York:  “The  best  tractor 
insurance  is  good  oil,  changed  regularly,  and  frequent  greasing.  To  get  full  ad¬ 
vantage  of  this  good  oil,  keep  your  air  cleaner  and  oil  filter  serviced.” 


PRODUCTION 

follow  the  PURINA 

Dairy  Cycle  Pi  an 


v 


YOU  WANT  MILK — lots  of  milk.  Your  patriotism  and  your  opportunity  for  high  profits,  both  , 
demand  it.  But  in  these  times  you  need  more  than  milk.  You  need  heavy  production  plus  real 
body  condition  to  help  your  cows  ward  off  "troubles,”  to  help  them  milk  steadily  and  well 
year  after  year  through  a  long  milking  life.  You  can  do  that  job  with  the  Purina  Dairy  Cycle 
Plan  for  CAPACITY  PRODUCTION.  See  how  it  works: 


DRY  COWS 

The  Plan  builds  up  their  condi* 
tion  for: 

1.  Reduced  calving  troubles; 


2.  Higher  production  in  the 
following  lactation  than  your 
cows  would  give  when  not  so  conditioned. 


r 


CALVES 

The  Plan  is  made  to  help  you: 

1.  Raise  big,  rugged  calves 
with  larger  frames  than  aver¬ 
age  milk-fed  calves. 

2.  Cut  calf  feeding  costs  to  about  one-half  the  cost  of 
whole  milk  feeding  at  present  U.  S.  average  prices. 


HEIFERS 

The  Plan  is  made  to  help: 

1.  Raise  big,  growthy  heifers 
with  the  body  development  to 
milk  heavy  and  live  long. 

2.  Bring  your  big,  well-dteveloped  heifers  into  pro¬ 
duction  at  21  to  24  months  old  ...  4  months 
earlier  than  average  heifers. 


MILKING  COWS 

The  Plan  is  made  to  help 
build  and  maintain  body 
condition,  with  these  results: 

1.  Steady,  high  production 
up  close  to  bred-in  CAPACITY. 

2.  A  good  resistance  to  udder,  breeding  and  other 
“troubles.” 


Many  herds,  after  being  put  on  the  complete  Purina  Cycle  Plan,  have  gradually  built  up  in 
production  to  1,000  .  .  .  2,000  ...  or  even  3,000  pounds  milk  per  cow  above  their  former 
averages.  Put  the  whole  plan  to  work  in  your  own  herd.  See  your  local  Purina  dealer,  or 
write  to  your  closest  Purina  Mill  for  our  new  book  fully  describing  the  Plan. 


PURINA  MILLS  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  •  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt. 


Wilmington,  Del. 


Send  for^iee  Book  on  PURINA  DAIRY  CYCLE  PLAN  V&l 


MAN -of- cAe-MONTH 

David  Livingstone  *  Pioneer 

When  young  Livingstone  left  home  he 
resolutely  started  toward  “the  smoke 
of  a  thousand  villages  where  no  missionary 
had  ever  been.” 

With  the  eagerness  of  an  explorer,  Liv¬ 
ingstone  trekked  into  the  heart  of  Africa. 
Deserted  time  and  again  by  his  native  por¬ 
ters,  drenched  by  heavy  rains,  without  tnedi- 
cine,  robbed  of  his  stores,  pluckily  he  kept 
on.  He  might  have  rested — most  men  would 
— but  not  Livingstone . 

A  story  is  told  that  he  rescued  some  of 
his  African  companions  who  had  been 
attacked  by  a  lion.  The  encounter  nearly 
proved  fatal.  A  bone  of  his  shoulder  was 
so  badly  crushed  that  it  restricted  the  use 
of  one  of  his  arms  for  the  rest  of  his  life. 

Livingstone’s  way  led  through  the  track¬ 
less  forests  of  Africa,  through  swamps  into 
which  he  sank  to  his  knees,  tormented  by 
poisonous  insects,  surrounded  by  fierce 
beasts  and  reptiles,  and  in  the  midst  of 
strange  people  who  often  proved  treacher¬ 
ous  and  savage  enemies.  David  Livingstone 
faced  all  these  dangers,  not  for  pay  nor  for 
profit,  but  for  the  love  of  his  fellow  men. 

He  returned  to  England  several'times  to 
further  his  missionary  causes,  but  alway3 
returned  to  the  African  jungle.  Then  came 
a  long  period — two  years — when  the  out¬ 
side  world  heard  nothing  of  Livingstone. 
People  were  asking  anxiously,  “Is  Living¬ 
stone  dead  or  alive?”  This  stirred  the  news¬ 
paper  zeal  of  James  Gordon  Bennett,  who 
ordered  Henry  M.  Stanley  to  “Go  and  find 
Livingstone.  Take  what  money  you  want, 
but  find  Livingstone!” 


I 


N  January,  1871,  Stanley  reached  Zanzi¬ 
bar.  For  eleven  months  he  searched 
through  the  tangled  wilderness,  suffering 
every  conceivable  hardship.  Once  he  wrote: 
“No  living  man  shall  stop  me.  Only  death 
can  prevent  me;  but  I  shall  not  die;  I  will 
not  die;  I  cannot  die.  Something  tells  me 
I  shall  find  him.  Find  Him,  FIND  HIM!” 
Then  came  the  dramatic  meeting  between 
the  two  brave  men,  one  young  and  strong 
and  the  other  aged,  worn  and  haggard, 
weak  from  fever,  without  food  and  medical 
supplies.  These  two  heroes  grasped  each 
other’s  hands.  Stanley  said,  “I  thank  God 
I  am  permitted  to  see  you,”  and  Living¬ 
stone  replied,  “I  feel  thankful  I  am  here 
to  welcome  you.” 

Stanley  —  who  had  come  for  a  story  — 
remained  with  Livingstone  for  four  months, 
exploring  Lake  Tanganyika  together.  His 
admiration  for  the  great  explorer  grew 
almost  into  hero  worship.  In  vain  he  tried 
to  persuade  the  aging  missionary  to  return 
to  England. 

Medicine  and  food  wrought  wonders  for 
Livingstone.  Again  he  started  with  his  old 
eagerness  on  a  further  voyage  of  discovery, 
but  soon  his  strength  gave  out.  One  night 
his  faithful  friends  saw  their  loved  master 
upon  his  knees  beside  his  bed  where  he  had 
been  praying,  but  his  soul  had  gone  home 
to  his  Master.  Livingstone’s  men  buried 
his  heart  in  African  soil  under  a  mvula  tree, 
but  his  body  was  returned  to  England 
where  it  was  placed  with  other  great  souls 
in  Westminster  Abbey. 


David  Livingstone  gave  his  time,  his 
talents,  his  life  to  constructive  Pioneer¬ 
ing.  “It  is  a  brave  thing  to  die  for  one’s  fel¬ 
low  men;  it  is  also  brave  and  often  harder  to 
live  for  them.”  David  Livingstone  did  both. 
So  in  March  we  honor  David  Livingstone 
—a  man  of  great  sympathy  and  humanity. 
A  man  who  “opened  the  way.” 


WM.  H.  DANFORTH 
Chairman ,  Ralston  Purina  Company 
Executive  Offices 

1800  Checkerboard  Square,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


(204)  1 O 


Ar  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


J 


American  industry  is  busy  today  spiking  the  guns  of 
the  foes  of  freedom. 

And  in  that  job  you  can  count  the  American  rail¬ 
roads  right  up  toward  the  head  of  the  list. 

They’re  hauling  more  tons  more  miles  per  day  than 
ever  before. 

They’re  making  every  piece  of  equipment  do  more 
work  than  ever  before  —  and  are  pouring  earnings 
back  into  more  equipment  to  do  their  job  even  better. 


HIXTS 

the 

Farm  Mechanic 

BATTERY  CARE 

HE  TALK  of  shortages  may  tempt 
you  to  buy  an  extra  battery  for 
your  car,  figuring  that  you  will  have 
it  when  you  need  .it.  Don’t  do  it! 

Storage  batteries  deteriorate  just 
about  as  fast  when  they  are  not  .  in 
use  as  they  do  when  they  are  in  a  car. 
You  may  say,  “Well,  I  will  have  two 
batteries  and  alternate  them  in  the 
car.”  That  sounds  like  a  good  idea, 
kut  it  won’t  work  either.  Your  cat- 
generator  will  not  keep  both  of  them 
fully  charged.  You  will  have  the  ex¬ 
pense  of  having  batteries  charged  oc¬ 
casionally,  and  in  the  end,  the  two 
will  last  you  just  about  as  long  as 
one  would  have  if  it  had  been  given 
first-class  care. 

What  is  more,  there  is  no  indica¬ 
tion  at  present  that  there  will  be  a 
real  battery  shortage.  If  your  battery 
is  near  the  end  of  its  useful  life,  trade 
it  in  for  a  battery  of  a  good  standard 
make.  Cut-price  batteries  are  often 
most  expensive  when  you  consider  the 
time  they  will  give  you  service. 

Here  are  eight  simple  rules  which 
will  get  you  the  most  for  your  battery 
dollar: 

1.  Batteries  should  be  checked  fre¬ 
quently  by  dealers  to  see  that  they 
are  kept  charged. 

2.  Battery  generator  settings  should  be 
corrected  if  necessary  to  assure  proper 
charging. 

3.  Distilled  water  only  should  be  added 
when  necessary.  So-called  “pure” 
water  contains  many  chemicals  which 
will  shorten  the  life  of  the  battery. 

4.  Cable  connections  should  be  inspect¬ 
ed  regularly  by  your  dealer. 

5  Cables  that  have  become  corroded 
should  be  replaced. 

6.  To  prevent  corrosion,  keep  termin¬ 
als  coated  with  a  thin  covering  of 
grease. 

7.  The  top  of  the  battery  should  be 
kept  clean. 

8.  Only  the  dealer’s  expert  advice 
should  be  taken  with  respect  to  replac¬ 
ing  an  old  battery. 


ed  on  the  canvas  when  one  is  broken. 
Slat  menders  of  this  type  are  now  on 
the  market  at  small  cost. 

—  a.  a.  — 

Cviiaril  lor  Poultry  Feeder 

A  simple  way  to  keep  chickens  from 
roosting  on  and  dropping  into  poultry 
feeders  is  shown  in  the  diagram 
below.  Take  empty  oil  containers  of 
any  company,  punch  a  hole  in  each 
end  just  large  enough  to  fit  over  an 

Empty  Quart 


Old  Brake 


old  auto  brake  rod  long  enough  to 
reach  the  length  of  the  feeder.  Slip 
the  proper  number  of  cans  over  the 
rod,  then  fit  it  in  slots  cut  in  each  end 
of  the  feeder.  When  the  chickens  lignt 
on  top  of  the  feeder,  the  cans  revolve 
and  they  will  soon  leave  it  alone. 

—  a.  a.  — 

Handy  Barrel  Tipper 

The  diagram  (H-177)  shows  a  con¬ 
venient  outfit  I  made  so  that  one  man 
can  easily  handle  a  full  barrel  of 
gasoline  or  oil.  I  took  the  two  fly¬ 
wheels  and  crankshaft  off  a  1%  horse¬ 
power  gas  engine  and  bolted  the  barrel 
to  them  as  shown  by  putting  a  one- 
inch  strap  iron  around  the  barrel  and 


through  the  wheels  and  drawing  it  up 
with  bolt  and  nut.  Before  tightening 
this  up  I  slipped  pieces  of  old  tire 
casing  between  barrel  and  wheels  to 
prevent  rubbing  the  barrel  and  to  make 
it  easier  to  hold  the  barrel  solid. — 
J.  H.  J. 


That’s  why  we  say,  one  of  the  biggest  spikes  in  the 
Axis’  guns  will  be  a  railroad  spike. 

They  started  this  “war  of  movement”  —  and  now 
they’re  going  to  find  out  what  movement  re  ally 


—  A.  A. — 

Easy  Binder  Slat  Repair 

The  diagram  below  shows  a  quick 
handy  way  to  repair  split  binder  slats 
in  the  field  so  they  will  give  consider¬ 
able  further  service.  Cut  the  pieces 
as  shown  from  heavy  gauge  sheet 
steel,  bend  it  around  the  broken  slat 


means  in  the  U.  S.  A. 


APRIL 

t\  / 

Good  packing ,  secure  loading  and  careful 

f  V  V  \ 

I'C 

handling  will  conserve  time,  materials. 

AAA 

PERFECT/ 

SHIPPING 

money,  and  will  help  ivin  the  war.  We  cant 

lA/VN 

MONTH 

afford  waste  now. 

Association  of  AMERICAN  RAILROADS 


WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


AAA 


/A 

Cut  Piece.  Or 
Heavy 

Steel  M  Shown 


Bend  Metal 

AroUWD  BiNDER. 

Seat  At  Break 

as  shown,  first  turning  the  sharp  points 
inward  a  little  so  in  closing  they  will 
be  forced  into  the  wood  slightly.  If 
this  repair  is  made  when  quitting  at 
night  and  the  broken  surfaces  first 
coated  with  liquid  glue,  it  will  be  prac¬ 
tically  as  strong  as  a  new  slat  by 
morning.  Careful  operators,  however, 
will  keep  half  a  dozen  of  the  longest 
slats  on  hand,  as  they  cost  around  six 
cents  apiece  and  can  quickly  be  cut  to 
any  desired  length  and  riveted  or  bolt- 


(Editor's  Note  :  If  flywheels  are  not 
available,  two  small  wheels  of  any  kind 
can  be  put  on  a  shaft  of  the  proper 
length  and  be  used  in  the  same  way.) 

—  A.  A. — 

Emergency  Gate 

To  avoid  driving  a  team  on  the  high¬ 
way  when  exchanging  work  with  an 
adjoining  neighbor,  an  emergency  gate 
(H-176)  made  in  the  dividing  line 
fences  comes  in  mighty  handy  and 
saves  much  time  in  passing  through 


Make  Hooks  From 


wire,  fasten  a  hook  to  one  cut  end  and 
a  few  links  of  chain  on  the  other  end, 
and  this  will  make  a  neat  and  service¬ 
able  gate.  If  for  any  reason  the  wire 
becomes  loose,  tension  may  be  taken 
up  by  dropping  a  link  from  the  chain. 

(Editor^s  Note:  If  this  is  to  be  used 
frequently  it  would  be  well  to  brace  both 
posts.  A  strong  spring  in  each  wire 
would  help  to  keep  up  the  tension.) 


Slllili 


mm 


Over  the  Waves  to  Victory 


Go  down  to  the  sea  and  watch  the 
waves  roll  in.  Here  rides  the  power  of 
unseen  gods.  Here  frets  the  restless 
fury  of  a  world  at  war. 

Go  down  to  the  shore  and  see  the 
ships  men  build  there.  Rugged,  sturdy, 
ships  of  rugged  oak. 

Time  was  when  shipyards  on  the 
North  Atlantic  wrote  thrilling  history 
with  sleek  Clippers  to  skim  the  seven 
seas.  Those  same  yards  today  launch 
round-bellied  freighters  and  snub-nosed 
mine-sweepers  —  boats  for  the  battle 
to  keep  free  men  free. 

Now  turn  your  eyes  to  the  hills 
where  the  tough  oaks  grow.  No  timber 
in  the  world  makes  better  boats.  More 
than  half  the  Northeast  is  covered 
with  trees  —  a  crop  that  men  often 
neglect.  Yet  trees  are  among  the  North¬ 
east’s  many  choice  possessions.  The 
very  air  we  breathe,  the  water  we 


drink,  is  better  because  of  them.  Our 
houses  are  better,  our  barns  surer  to 
stand  the  gales.  Our  forests  produce 
paper  and  plastics,  lumber  and  ships. 
Timber  today  brings  ready  cash. 


Any  farmer  who  values  his  home 
also  guards  and  preserves  his  wood¬ 
land.  He  knows  it’s  like  money  at 
interest.  You  mustn’t  squander  it,  and 
you  must  be  patient.  When  you  harvest 
the  crop  you  may  draw  just  the  in¬ 
terest,  or  take  the  principal,  too. 


On  its  25th  anniversary,  the  Spring- 
field  Land  Bank  renews  its  pledge 
to  the  farmers  of  the  Northeast  —  a 
pledge  to  help  them  help  themselves 
to  financial  independence.  But  it  also 
pays  homage  to  the  trees  that  grace 
our  countryside,  the  woods  that  make 
our  nation  strong.  Go  down  to  the 
shore  and  see  the  ships  men  build 
there.  May  they  soon  sail  home  vic¬ 
torious. 

FEDERAL  LAND  BANK 
OF  SPRINGFIELD 

Springfield,  Massachusetts 

Serving  New  York,  New  Jersey,  New  England 

A  leaflet  of  practical  information  en¬ 
titled  “ How  to  Get  More  out  of  your 
Woods ”  is  free  for  the  asking.  And  if 
you  are  interested  in  Land  Bank  long¬ 
term  low-interest-rate  farm  loans ,  ask 
for  the  folder  “  F 'arm  Mortgage  Loans  ” 


(206)  1  2 


TESTED  FARM  SEEDS 

Food  means  Victory!  With  the  RIGHT  seed,  you 
can  grow  MORE,  with  less  work.  But  be  sure  your 
seed  is  hardy  northern  grown,  acclimated.  Dibble’s 
is  —  every  pound  of  it! 

ALFALFA,  CLOVERS,  GRASS  SEEDS 

some  are  short  —  order  at  once. 

Oats,  Seed  Corn,  Soy  Beans,  Barley 

All  adapted  Northeast  varieties.  Excellent  Quality. 
High  Germination.  Ample  Stocks  Now — Later? 

P  A  T  A  T  A  C  t  prices  right,  while  stocks  list. 
Tw  I  tfll  v  C  O  Some  Certified  going  fast. 
Dibble — One  Quality.  The  Best.  Our  “10-day-any-test”  guaran¬ 
tee  protects  you.  Warning — don’t  put  off.  Insure  theBest, NOW! 
Send  for  Catalogue  and  Price  List. 

Edward  F.Dibble,Seedgrower,BoxC,Honeoye  Falls, N.Y. 


Home  Beautification 

Though  the  planting  of 

Evergreens,  Flowering  Shrubs,  Roses 

Grow  More  Fruit 

<  induce  t  cost  of  living.  Apples,  Pears,  Peaches, 
Grapes,  Eerries,  etc.  Send  for  Descriptive  Catalog. 
Dependable  Nursery  Stock  at  very  reasonable  prices. 
The  leading  up-to-date  trustworthy  varieties. 

THE  WILSON  NURSERIES 

Thomas  Marks  &  Son 
WILSON  NEW  YORK 

Located  in  the  Center  of  the  Famous  Fruit  Belt 
of  Niagara  County  for  the  past  Thirty  Years. 


- FREE - 

1942  CATALOG 

describing  all  kinds  of  vegetable  plants. 
Tells  how  to  plant,  spray  and  care  for 
the  garden.  Write  for  your  copy  today. 

P.  D.  FULWOOD,  Dept.  118,  Tifton,  Ga. 


Write  for  prices  on  SCHROER’S  BETTER  VEGE¬ 
TABLE  PLANTS.  Cabbage,  onion,  Broccoli,  Tomato, 
hot  and  sweet  pepper,  eggplants  and  sweet  potato. 
SCHROER  PLANT  FARMS,  VALDOSTA,  GEORGIA. 


TO  GROWERS 
WHO  MIX  BORDEAUX 


NICHOLS  “INSTANT”  COPPER  SULPHATE 
is  more  than  the  old  time  copper  sulphate  which 
has  always  been  used  for  Bordeaux.  Check  these 
10  points  carefully  and  see  why  Nichols  original 
Triangle  Brand  “Instant”  Copper  Sulphate 
really  has  “something  to  show  for  itself!’ 

1.  ACCURATE  CONTROL  .  .  .  You  know  exactly 
how  much  copper  sulphate  is  in  your  mixture. 

2.  GREATER  SAFETY  .  .  .  Control  of  mixture 
means  increased  safety. 

3.  BETTER  MIXTURES  .  .  .  Dissolves  instantly 
and  completely.  Requires  no  agitation. 

4.  ECONOMY  .  .  .  No  waste,  no  sediment,  no 
undissolved  crystals.  YOU  USE  IT  ALL! 

5.  EFFICIENCY  .  .  .  99%  pure,  100%  efficient. 
Permits  quicker  use  of  fresh  solutions. 

6.  FASTER  OPERATIONS  .  .  .  Saves  time,  labor 
.  .  .  mixes  directly  in  the  spray  tank. 

7.  REDUCES  EQUIPMENT  .  .  .  Eliminates  extra 
equipment  for  slaking  lime  and  stock  solutions. 

8.  KNOWN  QUALITY  .  .  .  Standard  for  50  years, 
it  is  the  oldest  and  best  known  brand. 
Modern  manufacturing  methods  assure  nev¬ 
er  failing  high  quality  in  every  package. 

9.  MODERN  PACKAGES  .  .  .  Safeguard  quality. 
At  no  extra  cost,  you  get  the  best  in  water- 

__  proof  bags  and  steel-hooped  barrels. 

0  PRODUCED  IN  3  LARGE  PLANTS  .  .  .  Your  deal¬ 
er  can  always  supply  you  because  of  three 
strategically  located  plants.  . 


'Uie 


WCHOLSht 

ORIGINAL  "INSTANT" 


COPPER  SULPHATE 


99%  +  PURE 


ASK  YOUR  DEALER 

For  Nichols  Triangle  Brand  ''Instant’’  CopDer 
Sulfate  today.  He  also  carries  LARGE  AND 
SMALL  CRYSTAL  and  SUPER-FINE  NICHOLS 
SULFATE  for  STANDARD  BORDEAUX,  and 
MONOHYDRATED  for  copper  lime  dusts. 
Write  for  your  copy  of  the  new  Bordeaux  Booklet. 


Mave  PHELPS  DODGE  REFINING  CORPORATION 

®*'  REFINERS  OF  ELECTROLYTIC  COPPER 

Offices:  40  Wall  St.  New  York.  N.Y  •  230  N  Michigan  Ave.  Chicago.  Ill 


GLADIOLUS 


Be  Patriotic  this  Year. 
Plant  a  Red,  White  and 
Blue  Garden.  12  bulbs  of  each  color;  labeled  and 
postpaid,  $1.00.  Cash  with  order  or  will  send  C.O.D. 
at  proper  planting  time. 

HENRY  HOHENBERGER,  Box  223-M,  Monroe,  N.  Y. 


Dahlias  10  Named  All  Different  $1.00 

10o  glads  mixed  $1.00;  15  mixed  Chrysanthemums  $1.00. 
Postpaid.  List  of  many  varieties. 

DELSEA  DAHLIA  FARM,  WESTVILLE,  N.  J. 


Strawberry  Plants 


Leading  varieties.  Stocky 
plants.  Prices  reasonable. 

Catalog  free.  W.  E.  BENNING,  CLYDE,  NEW  YORK. 


YOUR  OWN  SEED  utitto 


VAC  A  WAY  4 

CLEANERS  -  GRADERS -  TREATERS 


~  IMPROVE  YIELDS  -  plant  perfectly 
cleaned,  graded  seed.  Keep  out 
weeds  —  SAVE  MONEY  by  clean¬ 
ing  at  home — SELL  seed  at  a  profit. 
FARM  and  CUSTOM  sizes.  Hand, 
electric  or  gasoline.  Screens  oats, 
wheat,  barley,  soybeans,  corn, 
alfalfa,  lespedeza,  clover  etc. 
SEE  DEALER  OR  WRITE 


J.  W.  HANCE  MFG.  CO.,  Westerville,  Ohio 


Harris’ 

Blue 

Hubbard 

Squash 


-HARRIS  SEEDS- 

BEST  FOR  THE  NORTH 

OUR  SEEDS,  grown  here  in  the  north,  have  for 
years  insured  success  for  growers  whose  sea¬ 
sons  are  short.  Such  seed  is  more  hardy  and  vigor¬ 
ous  and  gives  exceptional  results  wherever  grown. 

Grow  HARRIS  Blue  Hubbard  SQUASH 

Growers  report  unusually  large  crops  from  our  strain,  which 
is  noted  for  its  fine  quality,  uniform  type  and  high  yield. 

For  PROMPT  SERVICF,  SEND  For  FREE  CATALOGUE  TODAY ! 

If  you  grow  for  market,  ask  for  our  Market 
Gardeners  and  Florists  Price  List. 

JOSEPH  HARRIS  CO.,  Inc., 36 Moreton Farm,  Rochester, N.Y. 

Reliable  Mail  Order  Seedsmen  Since  1880. 

1942  CATALOG  now  Arndii  ‘ 


Ai  terican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 

Keep  Them  Crowing 

By  M.  <7,  Mun+tr 

New  York  State  Agricultural  Experiment  Station. 


WHEN  one  has  decided  what  crops 
are  to  be  planted  during  the 
spring  season,  then  there  always  arises 
that  all-important  question  of  a  seed 
supply.  It  is  an  item  which  cannot  be 
omitted  like  an  application  of  fertilizer 
or  an  extra  cultivation.  Also  it  is  an 
item  which  can  make  or  break  a  crop 
surer  and  quicker  than  any  other. 

This  year,  due  to  an  unfortunate 
series  of  circumstances  including  no 
foreign  imports  of  seeds,  a  partial  fail¬ 
ure  of  some  domestic  kinds,  and  the 
operations  of  the  lend-lease  demands 
for  our  allies  in  war,  we  find  our¬ 
selves  facing  a  seed  situation  which  is 
plainly  unlike  that  of  any  previous 
year.  Yet,  it  is  not  a  time  to  get 
hysterical  or  do  some  unwise  things 
because,  after  all,  definite  indications 
are  developing  almost  daily  that  there 
will  be  sufficient  good  seed  to  go 
around  this  year.  There  may  need  to 
be  some  adjustments  in  acreage  plant¬ 
ed  and  also  some  growers  may  not  get 
just  the  variety  and  strain  they  desir¬ 
ed  for  their  special  purposes  but  will 
need  to  shift  to  another  variety.  Crop¬ 
ping  plans  are  surely  changing  daily 
and  what  is  decided  today  may  not  be 
acceptable  tomorrow. 

If  you  have  seed  on  hand  or  have 
made  definite  arrangements  for  it  you 
are  safe,  but  to  wait  until  the  last 
moment  surely  is  to  court  disappoint¬ 
ment  this  year.  It  is  not  going  to  be 
possible  to  step  out  the  day  before 
planting  and  get  all  the  seed  you  need 
of  just  the  exact  variety  desired. 

In  the  vegetable  seed  line  pro: ■  — bly 
beet,  cabbage,  carrot,  parsnip,  peas 
and  onion  are  the  kinds  most  limi'.c^ 
in  quantity  and  varieties.  In  the  field 
seed  line  there  are  apparently  ample 
supplies  although  prices  are  above  the 
average  on  some  kinds.  The  items 
which  are  short  may  be  some  of  the 
emergency  hay  crops  and  also  the  most 
desirable  strains  of  grass  and  clover 
seeds  for  permanent  pastures.  For¬ 
tunately  for  most  farmers  they  have 
an  abundant  supply  of  good  barley, 
corn  and  seed  oats  for  this  year.  If 
such  seeds  are  of  good  adapted  and 
high  yielding  varieties  then  the  wise 
thing  to  do  is  to  use  them  for  seed, 
being  sure  germination  is  high.  Clean 
and  then  treat  to  control  disease  if 
such  is  indicated. 

If  you  must  buy  seeds  of  the  field 
crops,  surely  certified  seed  is  plainly 


the  best  buy  anywhere.  Its  only 
equivalent  is  seed  grown  from  certified 
seed  or  with  the  same  care  and  con¬ 
trol.  If  you  are  tempted  to  save 
money  by  buying  seed  from  a  feed 
store  or  an  elevator  our  advice  is  to  go 
very  slow.  Many  experiences  in  the 
past  show  that  to  be  an  expensive  pro¬ 
cedure.  Likewise,  he  very  critical  of 
clover  and  grass  seed  sold  about  your 


Government  to  Support 
Potato  Prices 

The  U.  S.  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture  has  announced  a  pro¬ 
gram  to  support  prices  for  pota¬ 
toes  grown  this  summer.  To 
farmers  who  plant  between  80 
and  110  per  cent  of  their  acre¬ 
age  allotment,  support  will  be 
given  to  a  price  of  $1.25  a  hun¬ 
dredweight,  sacked  and  loaded, 
f.o.b.,  in  carlots  in  Aroostook 
County,  Maine.  Prices  in  other 
regions  will  be  comparable,  ac¬ 
cording  to  grades,  location  and 
perhaps  other  factors. 

The  price  will  be  supported 
by  purchase  for  relief,  distribu¬ 
tion  through  the  food  stamp  pro¬ 
gram,  diversion  to  starch  manu¬ 
facture  or  livestock  feeding,  or 
loans  and  purchases  by  the  Com¬ 
modity  Credit  Corporation. 


neighborhood.  Make  doubly  certain  it 
is  thoroughly  cleaned  and  will  not  give 
you  a  bad  dose  of  plantain,  dock, 
cockle,  chess,  or  cinquefoil  weeds  to 
heap  trouble  and  expense  on  an  al¬ 
ready  overburdened  agriculture. 

When  you  buy  seed,  stick  to  your 
old  reliable  sources  and  if  you  must 
change  find  out  before  you  take  great 
risk.  A  post  card  will  usually  bring 
useful  information  on  any  doubtful 
source  of  seed.  Watch  out  for  the 
dealer  who  tries  to  talk  scarcity  in 
order  to  sell  you  something  in  the  seed 
line  you  just  do  not  want  or  is  not 
exactly  suited  to  your  soil  or  area. 

Finally,  use  the  available  seed  sup¬ 
ply  wisely,  prepare  and  treat  it  well, 
then  plant  just  as  carefully  as  you 
can  this  year,  making  doubly  certain 
that  the  seeds  are  not  “duds”  because 
this  war  is  going  to  be  won  in  the 
furrows  and  rows  of  abundant  farm 
crops  as  well  as  in  adequate  and  well 
supported  trenches  of  combat. 


When  it’s  time  to  spray  the  trees  in  his  orchard,  Lawrence  Weaver,  Morrisonville, 
New  York,  keeps  the  spray  rig  going  continually  while  another  man  uses  the  truck 
and  tank  shown  above  to  haul  water  and  spray  materials  to  the  orchard.  The  tank 
holds  500  gallons,  and  by  using  the  large  valve  and  outlet  pipe,  he  can  fill  his  300- 
gallon  spray  rig  in  less  than  a  minute.  Then  it  takes  only  a  short  time  to  pour  in 
the  spray  materials  which  have  been  measured  ahead  of  time  by  the  man  running 
the  truck.  By  using  this  procedure,  lie  can  cover  his  orchard  quickly  without  ex¬ 
cessive  labor. 


Ar  erican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


13  (  207) 


me  imtKNATIONAL  Dealers 
and  Servicemen  of  America,  will 
give  our  best  to  help  keep  farm 
equipment,  old  and  new,  on  the 
job  till  peace  is  won!" 


.VICTOR1 


united 

STATES 

SAVINGS 

fBONDS 

Iavdsiaiips 


How  Is  Your 

BINBER  CANVAS? 


A  GRAIN  binder  without  canvas 
carriers  is  useless  as  a  binder 
without  wheels.  This  will  be  vividly 
realized  by  the  farmer  who  finds  his 
binder  canvas  “shot”,  when  he  pulls 
out  the  binder  the  first  day  of  harvest, 
for  the  Government  order  “freezing” 
the  supply  of  cotton  duck  may  affect 
the  supply  of  new  binder  canvas. 

The  forehanded  farmer  will  careful¬ 
ly  look  over  his  binder  canvas  now, 
which  is  none  too  soon.  Even  the  us¬ 
ually  careless  farmer  may,  in  this  year 
of  war  and  shortages,  hustle  to  the 
machine  house  or  shed  or  barn  or  yard 
or  fence  corner  and  inspect  the  binder 
canvas  that  was  left  on  the  binder  or 
maybe  thrown,  carelessly,  on  top  or 
under  the  extra  poles  and  whippletrees, 
or  leaned  sagging  in  the  corner,  or 
dumped  into  an  extra  horse  manger. 
One  canvas  he  may  find  draped  for 
roofing  purposes  over  a  hoghouse  or 
chicken  coop.  Or  the  canvas  may  be 
found  dumped  somewhere — a  mangled 
wreck  after  it  had  blown  off  the  load 
of  feed  and  the  truck  ran  over  it.  He 
will  dig  the  canvas  out  from  somewhere 
and  maybe  find  the  stays  warped  from 
crooked  storage,  or  the  goods  weaken¬ 
ed  from  decay  caused  by  moisture, 
and  he  may  find  holes  and  broken 
straps.  And,  too,  there  is  a  possibility 
that  rats  or  mice  have  established 
housekeeping  in  the  rolled  binder  can¬ 
vas  and  chewed  convenient  openings. 

Wherever  that  canvas  is  at  this  date, 
it  needs  hauling  out  and  inspecting. 
If  it  cannot  be  replaced  by  new  can¬ 
vas,  then  today  is  the  earliest  date 
steps  can  be  taken  to  put  it  in  shape 
for  use. 

If  the  canvas  was  taken  off  the  bind¬ 
er  at  the  close  of  last  harvest, 
thoroughly  dried,  carefully  rolled  and 
hung,  or  wired  up  to  the  ceiling,  or  sus¬ 
pended  on  storage  pegs  in  a  dry  build¬ 
ing  far  from  rat  or  mice  habitats,  and 
the  canvas  was  in  good  condition  when 
all  this  was  done,  that  farmer  is  today 
in  luck  —  which  means,  as  it  usually 
does,  that  he  used  his  head,  took  pre¬ 
cautions,  and,  well,  this  year  he  has 
valuable  binder  canvas. 

If  the  canvas  on  inspection  is  found 
to  have  one  or  many  repair  needs,  they 
will  usually  come  under  these  head¬ 
ings:  holes,  either  tom  or  worn;  weak¬ 
ened  duck  caused  by  the  decay  of  damp 
storage,  warped  or  broken  stays; 
broken  straps  or  buckles;  missing 
straps  with  torn  rivet  holes. 

What  to  do? 

The  implement  dealer  has  the  wood¬ 
en  stays,  possibly  the  rivets,  and  he 
may  have  the  straps  and  buckles.  He 
may  have  some  old  canvas  to  use  for 
patches,  or  there  may  be  some  used 
canvas  in  the  neighborhood.  This  emer¬ 
gency  may  call  for  some  cooperation  in 


BO V/vA/v&y 


the  division  of  used  canvas  for  patch¬ 
ing.  The  dealer  may  take  the  job  of 
doing  all  repair  work.  There  may  be  a 
tent  or  awning  manufacturer  in  a 
nearby  town,  or  there  may  be  the  har¬ 
ness  maker  (he  is  rare),  or  the  shoe 
gobbler  who  can  sew  and  patch  and 
rivet. 

The  important  thing  is  to  put  the 
binder  canvas  in  working  condition  and 
then  dry  it  between  usings.  And  don’t 
forget  after  harvest  to  dry  and  store 
it  just  as  if  it  were  precious.  It  is 

precious  and  may  become  more  so. 

* 

—  A.  A. — 

WATCH  THOSE  TIRES 

Proper  care  of  rubber  tires  will  pay 
big  dividends.  This  care  is  always  im¬ 
portant,  but  this  year  the  incentive  is 
double.  Not  only  will  you  save  money, 
but  you  may  have  tires  when  other¬ 


wise  you  wouldn’t.  Follow  these  direc¬ 
tions  : 

1.  Keep  them  properly  inflated.  In¬ 

cidentally,  on  cars  recommended  infla¬ 
tion  rates  are  a  compromise  between 
long  wear  and  riding  ease.  Where 
pressure  below  30  pounds  is  recom¬ 
mended,  raise  the  pressure  to  30 

pounds.  Where  30  pounds  are  recom¬ 
mended,  raise  the  pressure  to  35 

pounds.  You  won’t  ride  as  easily,  but 
your  tires  will  last  longer.  Figures 
show  that  tires  with  an  inflation  /  of 
5  pounds  below  the  correct  figure  will 
have  their  lives  reduced  as  much  as 
20%.  . 

2.  Drive  at  reasonable  speeds.  It  is 
recommended  that  tractors  should  not 
be  operated  over  20  miles  per  hour. 
On  the  farm  car,  there  is  a  direct  re¬ 
lationship  between  speed  and  wear. 
The  slower  you  drive,  the  longer  tires 
will  last. 

3.  Do  not  allow  tires  to  stand  in  oil 
and  grease  or  in  barnyard  acids. 

4.  Between  seasons  when  tires  are 
not  in  use,  jack  up  the  machine  and 
put  blocks  under  the  axles. 

5.  Avoid  quick  starts  and  stops. 


6.  Rotate  tires  on  the  wheels  every 
4,000  miles,  and  have  wheels  checked  for 
alignment.  If  wheels  are  out  of  line  even 
slightly,  tires  will  wear  excessively. 

7.  Avoid  bumps  and  bruises  which 
may  crack  the  fabric. 

8.  Do  not  overload  trucks.  You  will 
get  the  same  effects  here  as  when  the 
tire  is  under-inflated,  except  that  the 
tire  will  wear  even  faster. 

— a.  a. — 

FENCE  HELP 

Farmers  usually  have  a  difficult  time 
stringing  barbed  wire  for  fencing.  Here 
is  a  way  to  string  easily  many  rods 
of  wire  in  a  few  minutes. 

Simply  cut  two  crotched  sticks  about 
two  and  a  half  feet  long,  preferably 
ironwood.  These  should  be  driven  into 
the  ground  where  you  are  building  the 
fence.  A  crowbar  can  be  placed  through 
the  bale  of  wire  and  placed  on  the 
crotched  sticks. 

One  man  takes  the  end  of  the  wire 
and  unreels  it  while  another  man  light¬ 
ly  holds  a  fence  post  on  the  reel  of 
wire  so  it  will  not  unreel  too  fast  and 
become  entangled. — M.  J New  York. 


“Bey,  Bill,  never  mind  washing  any 

More  dishes /" 


OUR  STURDY  ANCESTORS  laid  the  foundations  of  liberty  in 
this  land.  They  created  for  us  the  United  States  of  America , 
and  their  sons  and  grandsons  made  it  great  and  strong. 

Had  we  forgotten,  in  recent  years,  to  be  grateful  for  our  Amer¬ 
ican  way  of  life?  Yes,  most  of  us  had.  But  now  that  we  stand  in 
peril  of  losing  it— we  remember.  Now  that  we  must  fight  with 
all  that  we  have  and  are,  to  hold  that  heritage,  we  look  back 
on  the  hard  history  that  lifted  us  up  on  the  heights.  And  we 
review  the  later  years  that  have  brought  us  to  this  bitter  hour. 

Today,  in  1942,  the  mists  are  clearing  from  our  vision.  The 
Nation  is  at  war.  Americans  are  re-discovering  their  America. 

★  ★  ★ 

Now,  AS  IN  THE  DAYS  of  the  pioneers,  Agriculture  is  the  founda¬ 
tion  of  American  security  and  of  American  survival.’In  the  fight 
for  Victory  the  man  who  really  fights  leads  all  others  in  our  de¬ 
votion.  And  here,  hack  home,  no  man’s  job  is  greater  than  the 
farmer’s  job.  He  must  raise  the  food  that  freemen  need. 

International  harvester  pledges  that  its  utmost  effort 
shall  be  rendered— through  its  factories  and  the  men  who  build 
its  products,  and  through  the  dealers  who  service  and  sell  its 
machines— to  the  end  that  the  people  of  America  may  win  their 
way  to  early  victory  and  peace ! 

INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  COMPANY 

180  North  Michigan  Avenue  Chicago,  Illinois 


SERVICE. ..FARM  EQUIPMENT.. .PARTS 


(208)  14 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


s Surge 


DAI  RY>faKM/ EQUIPMENT 


SERVICE 


THE  EFFICIENCY  built  into 
every  piece  of  Surge  Dairy  Farm 
Equipment  was  never  more  im¬ 
portant  than  it  is  today  !  We  are 
anxious  to  help  you  get  that 
Efficiency  with  experienced  in¬ 
formation,  parts  or  repairs. 

If  you  don’t  know  the  SURGE 
DEALER  in  your  locality,  please 
write  to  our  Eastern  Office: 

BABSON  BROS.  CO.  of  N.Y. 

566  Spencer  St.,  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 


NEW  SILO  FOR  OLD  •  •  • 
AT  1/2  THE  COST  ! 


Rebuild  that  old,  leaky,  collapsed 
wood  stave  silo !  Save  old  staves, 
cover  with  Silafelt  for  warmth 
—  Crainelox  Spiral  Binding  for 
strength — and  you  have  a  famous 
Triple -Wall  Silo!  For  FREE 
FOLDER  and  easy  terms,  write 

CRAINE,  INC. 

322  Pine  St.  Norwich.  N.  Y. 


CRAINE  SILOS 


SAVE  THE 
JUICE! 

Wood  is  the  proven — 
best  material  for  silos 
and  curing  silage.  All 
wood  silos  aren’t  alike. 
Only  the  Unadilla  has 
the  patented  lock  dow- 
elling  that  ties  the  en¬ 
tire  silo  into  a  Juice- 
Tight,  wind-proof,  en¬ 
during  structure.  With 
fair  care  it  will  outlast 
any  other  silo. 

For  grass  silage  as  well  as 
corn,  it  is  most  important 
to  Save  the  Juice  which 
contains  valuable,  body¬ 
building  mineral  food. 
Write  Today  for  Catalog 
and  our  early-order  low 
prices.  Unadilla  Silo  Co., 
Box  B,  Unadilla,  N.  Y. 
Agents  Wanted  —  Open  Territory 


get  more  money 
for  your  milk! 


Arctic  Jet's  unique  "Can-Top"  Cool¬ 
ing  cuts  bacteria  count  ...  boosts  pro¬ 
fits ...  saves  time  and  labor.  You'll  find 
it  clean,  quick  and  easy  to  operate. 


REFRIGERATION 


Write  Dept.B2,  for  descriptive  literature 
THE  SARGENT-ROUNDY  CORP. 
Randolph,  Vermont 


LARGE  STOCK 

Catalog  free. 


new — used  tractor  parts  for  sale 
cheap.  Order  pearest  branch. 


IRVING’S  TRACTOR  LUG  CO.,  Galesburg.  III. 


Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


CLEAN  MILK 

Hints  on  How  to  Take  Care  of  Your  Milking 
Machine  Best  to  Meet  Board  of  Health  Rules 


CITY  Boards  of  Health  are  “bear¬ 
ing  down”  on  regulations  concern¬ 
ing  bacteria  counts  in  milk.  That 
makes  important  the  watching  of  every 
point  where  bacteria  may  gain  en¬ 
trance  to  milk.  There  is  no  profit  at 
any  time  in  producing  milk,  only  to 
have  it  rejected  at  the  plant.  Now, 
when  we  are  at  war  and  need  every 
pound  of  milk,  the  production  of  clean 
milk  is  doubly  important. 

MILKING  —  When  it  is  time  to  be 
milked,  a  cow  welcomes  the  milker. 
To  get  the  most  milk,  stimulate  this 
desire  to  be  milked  rather  than  dis¬ 
courage  it.  For  example,  washing  the 
udder  with  warm  instead  of  cold  water, 
helps  to  keep  the  cow  in  the  right 
mood. 

The  milking  machine  should  be  left 
on  a  cow  between  five  and  six  minutes. 
A  good  many  naturally  slow  milkers 
will  tend  to  speed  up  when  they  are 
milked  with  a  milking  machine.  Any¬ 
way,  leaving  the  milking  machine  on 
too  long-  cuts  production. 

Stripping  after  a  machine  is  taken 
off  is  less  important  than  we  once 
thought.  If  the  machine  leaves  only 

half  a  pint  or  less  of  milk  in  the  udder, 
you  will  get  this  milk  the  next  time 
you  milk  the  cow,  and  leaving  this 
amount  of  milk  has  no  tendency  to 
cause  mastitis. 

WASHING  UDDERS  —  Adding  chlor¬ 
ine  disinfectant  to  the  water  in  which 
udders  are  washed  helps  prevent  spread 
of  mastitis.  You  will  find  directions 
on  the  package.  Sometimes  these  di¬ 
rections  refer  to  p.  “rinsing  solution,” 
and  it  is  safe  to  double  the  amount  of 
disinfectant  recommended  for  such  a 
rinsing  solution.  Technically,  a  solu¬ 
tion  of  200  parts  of  chlorine  to  1,000,- 
000  parts  of  water  is  right;  most  dis¬ 
infectants  give  directions  telling  how 
much  chlorine  to  add  to  get  this 
strength. 

CLEANLINESS  —  Bacteria  get  into 
milk  along  with  dirt.  It  is  never  pos¬ 
sible  to  produce  milk  absolutely  free 
of  bacteria,  but  the  type  of  bacteria 
that  get  into  milk  with  dirt  are  the 
type  which  will  reproduce  rapidly  and 
cause  milk  to  be  rejected,  particularly 
if  it  is  not  cooled  rapidly  and  kept  at 
a  low  temperature. 

The  washing  of  udders  helps  to  keep 
down  bacteria  counts,  but  equally  or 
perhaps  far  more  important  is  the 
cleaning  of  the  milking  machine  —  in 
fact,  every  utensil  with  which  the  milk 
comes  in  contact. 

Unfortunately,  some  cows  in  most 
dairy  herds  have  at  least  a  touch  of 
mastitis.  To  prevent  the  spread  of 
this  to  other  members  of  the  herd, 
rinse  the  teat  cups  after  each  cow  is 
milked  in  a  solution  containing  200 
parts  of  chlorine  to  1,000,000  parts  of 
water.  If,  before  you  do  this,  you  rinse 
the  teat  cups  in  clean  water,  one  pail 
of  this  solution  will  last  for  a  milking 
if  you  do  not  have  over  thirty  cows. 

WASHING  THE  MACHINE  —  Im¬ 
mediately  after  the  last  cow  is  milked, 
draw  a  pail  of  lukewarm  water  through 
each  unit.  This  does  not  mean  using 
a  pail  of  water  for  all  units — it  means 
using  a  pail  for  each  unit.  Brush  the 
pail  and  the  lid  with  the  water  in  the 
pail,  and  then  throw  it  out.  Next  draw 
through  the  teat  cups  half  a  pail  of 
hot  water,  containing  from  a  teaspoon 
to  a  tablespoon  of  washing  powder. 
Do  not  use  soap.  The  hotter  the  water, 
the  better;  but  the  absolute  minimum 
is  180  degrees  F.  Brush  the  pail  and 
lid  again  with  this  cleansing  solution. 


Some  parts  of  the  milking  machine 
need  special  attention  every  day.  Most 
machines  have  a  claw  to  which  teat 
cups  are  fastened;  and  at  thS  end  of  it 
you  will  find  a  cap  or  plug.  Remove 
this  and  brush  the  claw  with  water 
containing  washing  powder.  Most 
machines  also  have  moisture  traps  on 
the  lids  to  catch  moisture  which  con¬ 
denses.  To  be  safe,  thoroughly  clean 
these  moisture  traps  once  a  day. 

The  DeLaval  milker  has  teat  cup 
liners  which  are  in  two  pieces.  Atten¬ 
tion  to  these  spots  will  keep  them 
clean.  If  you  are  using  a  Surge  milk¬ 
er,  clean  the  hose  between  the  pail  and 
the  stall  cock  once  a  day.  Also  need¬ 
ing  a  little  extra  attention  on  most 
milkers  are  the  sight  glasses,  usually 
in  the  hose  or  on  the  pail  lid. 

Periodically,  also,  the  milking  ma¬ 
chine  must  be  entirely  disassembled  and 
washed.  It  is  difficult  to  tell  how  often 
this  must  be  done.  Some  dairymen  find 
this  process  is  necessary  every  day; 
others  get  a  low  bacteria  count  and 
disassemble  the  machine  only  once  or 
twice  a  week.  The  frequency  with 
which  this  is  necessary  depends  on  sev¬ 
eral  things,  including  the  time  that 
elapses  between  the  time  the  machine 
is  removed  from  the  last  cow  and  the 
time  it  is  pre-rinsed,  the  temperature 
of  the  pre-rinse  water,  the  kind  of 
washing  powder  used,  and  the  thoroug- 
ness  with  which  it  is  sterilized. 

BETWEEN  MILKINGS  —  There  are 
two  methods  of  keeping  milking  ma¬ 
chines  sterile  between  milkings.  One 
is  by  the  use  of  hot  water.  From  six 
to  eight  quarts  of  hot  water,  at  a  tem¬ 
perature  of  at  least  180  degrees  is 
drawn  through  each  unit.  Then  the 
teat  cup  liners  are  stored  where  they 
will  keep  dry. 

The  other  method  is  to  keep  the 
teat  cups  in  a  rack  and  fill  them  with 
a  x/2%  lye  solution  or  a  chlorine  solu¬ 
tion.  Lye  is  a  slow-acting  disinfectant 
and  should  not  be  used  as  a  substitute 
for  chlorine  or  hot  water  except  for 
teat  cups.  Where  a  lye  solution  is 
used,  it  is  unnecessary  to  rinse  the 
( Continued  on  opposite  page) 


Adrian  Personius  of  Genoa,  Cayuga 
County,  New  York,  has  a  very  handy 
way  of  keeping  his  milk  records.  After 
milking,  the  hinged  shelf  closes  up  to 
keep  the  records  clean.  Perhaps  you  wifi 
remember  the  story  of  Mr.  Personius 
herd  which  appeared  on  page  7  of  the 
September  13,  1941.  issue. 

Lady  Colantlia  Netherland,  one  of  Mr. 
Personius’  Holsteins,  has  a  365-day  rec¬ 
ord  of  19,490  lbs.  of  milk  and  580.9  lbs. 
of  butterfat.  This  gives  her  fourth  plae® 
in  the  country  for  production  for  \Z-yC9X- 
oUls  on  twice-a-day  milking. 


Ai  lerlcan  Agriculturist,  March  28,  15142 


15  (209) 


*  '  in*" 1  "  ■ 

New  York  City  Post¬ 
pones  Milk  Shed 
Pruning 

Dairymen  who  ship  milk  to  the 
metropolitan  area  will  welcome 
this  news.  Following  telegrams 
sent  to  New  York  City  Board  of 
Health  authorities  by  Roy  Hen¬ 
drickson  of  the  U.  S-  Department 
of  Agriculture  and  Clyde  Beards- 
lee  of  the  Federal  War  Produc¬ 
tion  Board,  New  York  City  offi¬ 
cials  have  announced  that  they 
are  postponing  plans  to  refuse 
inspection  to  a  number  of  coun¬ 
try  milk  plants. 

Much  publicity  has  been  given 
to  New  York  City’s  plan  to  cut 
the  size  of  the  milk  shed  in  order 
to  reduce  the  amount  of  surplus 
milk  being  shipped  to  New  York 
City.  Such  action  would  result 
in  the  loss  of  a  market  to  thou¬ 
sands  of  dairymen.  The  U.  S. 
Department  of  Agriculture  and 
the  Federal  War  Production 
Board  are,  of  course,  vitally 
concerned  over  the  possible  ef¬ 
fect  on  milk  production  at  a 
time  when  increased  production 
is  being  requested. 

-  -  -  i 

teat  cups  before  they  are  put  on  the 
cow. 

The  old  plan  of  filling  a  crock  with 
disinfectant  and  leaving  the  teat  cups 
in  it  is  no  longer  recommended  for 
most  machines. 

RUBBER — Rubber  is  scarce,  but  be¬ 
cause  of  the  need  for  increased  milk 
production,  every  effort  will  be  made 
to  see  that  dairymen  get  what  they 
need.  There  is  no  doubt  that  butterfat 
causes  rubber  to  deteriorate,  and  keep¬ 
ing  teat  cups  clean  is  one  way  to 
lengthen  their  lives.  One  milking  ma¬ 
chine  company  recommends  the  use  of 
two  separate  sets  of  liners,  alternating 
their  use  for  a  week  at  a  time.  They 
state  that  rubber  rests  when  it  is  not 
in  use,  and  that  alternating  two  sets 
will  make  both  of  them  last  longer. 
Do  not  hit  rubber  parts  against  hard 
objects.  When  rubbers  are  removed 
from  the  claw,  take  hold  of  them  close 
to  the  metal  and  do  not  bend  the  rub¬ 
bers  while  you  are  pulling.  Teat  cup 
liners  should  last  from  three  to  six 
months.  If  you  have  to  renew  them 
oftener,  check  up  on  your  procedure. 

COOLING  MILK  —  Bacteria  develop 
slowly  in  milk  that  is  cooled  within  an 
hour  after  it  is  drawn  and  kept  cool 
until  it  is  delivered.  The  New  York 
State  Health  Department  regulations 
require  that  night’s  milk  be  cooled  to 
at  least  60  degrees  F.  and  that  it  con¬ 
tain  not  over  200,000  bacteria  per  c.  c. 
when  it  is  delivered.  New  York  City 
Health  Department  requirements  are  a 
bit  more  stringent,  requiring  the  same 
temperature  but  not  over  150,000  bac¬ 
teria  per  c.c.  Cities  must  have  health 
requirements  at  least  equal  to  state 
standards,  but  may  adopt  more  strin¬ 
gent  regulations  if  they  wish. 

The  essentials  of  quality  milk  pro¬ 
duction  are: 

1 .  Healthy,  clean  cows,  properly  hous¬ 
ed,  fed  and  cared  for. 

2.  Milking  done  by  help  free  of  disease. 

3.  Properly  scrubbed  and  sterilized 
milk  utensils  for  every  milking. 

4.  Milk  quickly  cooled  immediately 
after  it  comes  from  the  cow,  and 
kept  cold  until  delivery  to  factory 
or  milk  plant. 

If  the  bacteria  count  of  your 
milk  when  it  is  delivered  runs  close 
to  150,000  per  c.c.,  check  your  clean¬ 
ing  procedure  on  all  dairy  equipment, 
including  your  milking  machine.  As¬ 
suming  that  milk  has  been  properly 
cooled,  the  care  of  the  milking  machine 
is  where  you  are  most  likely  to  find 
the  trouble. 

THE  VACUUM  PUMP  — Most  vacu¬ 
um  pump  trouble  comes  from  lack  of 
proper  oiling.  Look  at  this  in  a  com¬ 


mon-sense  way  by  comparing  your 
vacuum  pump  with  the  motor  in  your 
car.  We’ll  assume  you  change  oil 
every  2000  miles.  Now,  if  you  drive 
at  an  average  speed  of  say  35  miles 
an  hour,  it  takes  about  60  hours  to  run 
2000  miles, .  so  you  change  your  oil 
after  60  hours  of  running.  .  .  .  Let’s  do 
some  simple  figuring  on  your  vacuum 
pump — you  run  it  at  least  2  hours  a 
day,  or  60  hours  a  month — so  it  is 
time  to  change  oil  after  you  have  run 
your  vacuum  pump  a  month,  if  you 
treat  it  as  well  as  your  car.  But  there 
is  this  difference  between  your  car 
motor  and  your  vacuum  pump  —  the 
vacuum  pump  doesn’t  run  as  fast  as 
your  car  motor,  so  you  don’t  have  to 
oil  it  every  month.  Allowing  for  this 
difference  in  speed,  you  should  change 
the  oil  in  your  vacuum  pump  every  two 
months,  (oftener  if  you  use  it  much 
over  2  hours  a  day).  When  you  change 
the  oil  in  your  pump,  give  the  electric 
motor  that  drives  your  pump  a  few 
squirts  of  oil  from  an  oil  can  into  the 
oil  well  or  oil  tubes  that  are  provided 
for  that  purpose.  Use  light  oil  in 
winter — No.  10,  and  heavier  oil  in  sum¬ 
mer — No.  20.  If  you  have  a  gas 
engine,  change  the  oil  in  the  crank¬ 
case  at  the  same  time  you  change  the 
oil  in  the  pump. 

While  you  are  oiling  and  cleaning  up 
your  vacuum  pump,  open  up  the  drain- 
cock  or  plug  in  the  vacuum  tank, 
drain  off  any  moisture  that  may  have 
accumulated  from  the  vacuum  line. 

THE  VACUUM  LINE— -The  Vacuum 
Line  is  an  important  part  of  your 
equipment.  It  should  be  checked  over 
for  leaks  every  three  months — and 
cleaned  every  3  months.  You  can’t 
expect  your  Milker  to  work  up  to  full 
efficiency  unless  the  vacuum  line  is 
tight  and  clean.  You  can  check  it  over 
for  leaks  by  starting  the  pump  and 
listening  at  each  connection  and  each 
stall  cock  for  a  leak. 

It  takes  only  a  few  minutes  to  wash 
out  and  flush  out  the  vacuum  line  if 
you  do  it  at  regular  intervals.  Here 
is  how  the  job  is  done:  Mix  up  a  pail¬ 
ful  of  2%  solution  of  lye  water — at¬ 
tach  a  vacuum  hose  to  the  stall  cock 
that  is  farthest  from  the  pump — and 
put  the  other  end  of  the  hose  in  the 
pail  of  lye  water.  With  the  vacuum 
pump  running  open  the  stall  cock  and 
the  vacuum  will  suck  the  lye  water  in¬ 
to  the  pipe  and  through  to  the  vacuum 
tank.  When  all  of  the  water  has  been 
sucked  into  the  tank,  stop  the  pump, 
open  the  drain-cock  on  the  tank,  and 
drain  the  liquid  from  the  tank.  Each 
pipe  line  should  be  washed  separately. 

The  vacuum  hose  that  is  attached  to 
the  milker  is  an  important  part  of  the 
vacuum  line.  While  no  milk  can  get 
into  this  vacuum  hose  unless  you  have 
a  broken  inflation  or  defective  lid  gas¬ 
ket,  it  should  be  washed  more  fre¬ 
quently  than  the  pipe  line,  because 
there  is  a  greater  chance  of  it  ac¬ 
cumulating  dirt  and  becoming  partially 
obstructed.  If  this  happens  your  milk¬ 
er  can’t  work  to  its  full  efficiency.  All 
manufacturers  provide  a  special  brush 
for  cleaning  the  vacuum  hose,  and  it 
should  be  cleaned  at  least  once  a 
month. 

THE  MILKING  UNIT  —  With  most 
milking  units  there  is  a  pulsator.  The 
pulsator  of  course  has  moving  parts, 
and  in  most  cases  should  be  oiled  fre¬ 
quently.  Care  should  be  taken  not  to 
over-oil — it  requires  only  a  few  drops 
at  a  time.  Always  use  a  light  oil, 
preferably  pulsator  oil  supplied  by  the 
manufacturer  of  your  machine.  As  a 
general  rule,  pulsators  should  be  oiled 
at  least  once  a  week.  However,  there 
is  considerable  variation  in  the  con¬ 
struction  of  pulsators;  therefore,  it  is 
advisable-  to  follow  the  instructions  of 
the  manufacturer,  which  any  milking 
machine  manufacturer  will  gladly  send 
you  on  request. 

—  a.  a. — 

Save  this  issue  for  future  reference. 


BESTEQUIPPED  TO  DO  THE  JOB! 


PRESENT  DAY  REQUIREMENTS  AND  CONDITIONS 
ARE  EASILY  MET  BY  THIS  COUNTRY’S 


BE  LAVAL  MILKER  USERS 


Saving  Time 
and  Labor 

De  Laval  Milkers 
save  at  least  half  the 
time  and  man-power  re¬ 
quired  to  milk  by  hand 
while  doing  a  better 
job  of  milking. 


Increasing  Milk 
Production 

De  Laval’s  best,  fast¬ 
est  and  cleanest  milk¬ 
ing  maintains  highest 
production  throughout 
the  cow's  entire  lactation 
period  and  lifetime. 


Improving  Milk 
Quality 

Exclusive  De  Laval 
sanitary  features  and 
construction  which  en¬ 
able  quick,  easy,  thor¬ 
ough  washing  methods, 
make  cleanest  milk  pro¬ 
duction  certain. 

Bettering  Herd 
Health 

De  Laval’s  uniform, 

f;entle  action  and  per- 
ect  fitting  teat-cups 
milk  each  cow  prop¬ 
erly —  and  aid  herd 
health  and  production. 


THE  DE  LAVAL 
M  AG  NETI C SPEEDWAY 


The  world’s  best,  fastest 
and  cleanest  milker  —  the 
only  method  of  milking 
that  assures  that  each  cow 
will  be  milked  in  the  same 
uniform,  regular  and  cor¬ 
rect  manner  each  milking. 

All  the  units  in  use  on  an 
outfit  milk  alike,  with  pulsations  con¬ 
trolled  by  magnetic  force  directly  from 
master  control  in  the  pulso-pump. 


Mi 

ir'/Mi: 


UiU&REAT _JD 

DE  LAVAL 
MILKERS 


THE  DE  LAVAL 

Sterling 


worthy  companion 


Magnetic  Speedway  Milker 
—  the  De  Laval  Sterling 
provides  De  Laval-quality 
milking  and  is  a  great  milk¬ 
er  particularly  for  smaller 
herd  owners  to  whom 
lower  price  is  an  important  considera¬ 
tion.  The  Sterling  Pulsator  has  only 
two  simple  moving  parts  —  no  oiling. 


DE  LAVAL  SEPARATORS  ARE  SAVING,  TOO 

Butterfat  is  the  most  valuable  of  all  animal  fats  —  we 
can  afford  to  lose  none  of  it.  Thousands  of  farmers  are 
making  dead  sure  of  this  by  installing  new  De  Laval 
Separators,  for  they  know  that  all  De  Laval  Separators, 
regardless  of  size  or  price,  skim  cleanest,  last  longest 
are  easiest  to  wash  and  cost  less  per  year  of  use.  A  size 
and  style  for  every  need  and  purse.  Try  a  De  Laval  today. 


THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR 

NEW  YORK  CHICAGO 

165  Broadway  427  Randolph  St. 


COMPANY 

SAN  FRANCISCO 
61  Beale  St. 


KEEP  THEM  MILKING 


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(210) 


16 


Ar  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


With  Victory  Hitched 
to  the  Drawbar, 

Don’t  Use  Second-Rate  Oil! 


Government  calls  for  more  farm  production  .  .  .  Army  and  factory 
are  calling  for  men. 

And  thoughtful  farmers  realize  their  power  equipment  has 
suddenly  become  fighting  machinery  which  must  be  kept  in  fighting 
trim  to  get  the  big  job  done! 

That’s  why  the  special  advantages  of  150-Hour  Veedol  Tractor 
Oil  are  “musts”  in  1942.  Made  from  pure  /?md/ord-Pennsylvania 
crude,  it  has  extra  toughness  and  heat-resistance  to  help  your 
tractor  stand  the  wartime  strain. 

NOTE:  Your  farm  implement  dealer  is  anxious  to  help  keep  your 
tools  in  tip-top  shape.  Don’t  hesitate  to  enlist  his  expert  assistance. 


:/> 


How  Good  is 
VEEDOL? 

ASK  POWER- FARMER 
AUSTIN! 

“Less  repairs — .more  power  — 
cheaper  per  gallon  per  hour!”  says 
C.  M.  Austin  of  Norman,  Oklahoma. 
“I  gladly  recommend  150-Hour 
Veedol  to  farmers  seeking  top  per¬ 
formance — low  operating  costs!” 


150-HOOR 

VEEDOL 


CUTS  COSTS  5  WAYS:  i.  Saves  fuel  by  reducing  power 

blow-by.  2.  Saves  oil;  more  hours  between  refills.  3.  Saves  time 
by  avoiding  breakdown  delays.  4.  Saves  repairs  through  extra 
heat-  and  wear-resistance.  5.  Saves  tractors;  assures  long,  economical 
service.  150-Hour  Veedol  Tractor  Oil  comes  in  convenient  con¬ 
tainers  from  5-gallon  pails  to  55-gallon 
drums.  Order  today! 


100%  Pennsylvania  .. /'A  Better  Tractor  Oil  by  the  Clock” 

A  Product  of  Tide  Water  Associated  Oil  Company 

dfcOIL  IS  AMMUNITION  USE  IT  WISELY^iLftv 


HOW  TO  SPLICE 
A  HAYHOPE 


THERE  is  no  great  trick  to  splic¬ 
ing  a  rope — that  is,  if  you  know 
how.  One  thing  is  sure — if  the  hayrope 
breaks  this  summer,  there  is  little 
chance  that  you  can  go  to  town  and 
buy  a  new  one.  There  just  won’t  be 
any.  Better  take  a  little  time  to  prac¬ 
tice  up  on  splicing  now,  or  locate  some¬ 
one  whom  you  can  call  on  at  short 
notice  if  you  need  him. 

There  are  two  kinds  of  splices — the 
short  splice  and  the  long  splice.  The 
short  splice  is  less  neat,  and  bigger 


pulleys  are  necessary  so  the  spliced 
part  can  pass  through.  However,  the 
short  splice  takes  less  rope  and  that  is 
important  if  your  hay  rope  is  short. 

The  Short  Splice 

Take  a  look  at  Figure  1,  which  will 
show  you  how  to  start  a  short  splice. 
The  two  broken  ends  are  untwisted 
for  six  or  eight  turns.  Then  butt  the 
two  broken  ends  together,  as  shown 
in  Figure  1,  and  tie  a  simple  overhand 
knot  in  the  corresponding  strands  from 
each  rope.  (See  Fig.  2).  As  you  hold 
the  rope  in  front  of  you,  each  strand 
as  it  comes  from  the  left  is  tied  to  the 
strand  coming  from  the  right  which 
lies  directly  back  of  it.  Fig.  2.  shows 
you  just  how  this  is  done. 

Then  the  loose  ends  are  woven  back 
into  the  rope  over  one  strand  and  un¬ 
der  the  next.  To  do  this,  you  will  need 
a  pointed  stick.  You  can  make  one 
easily  from  a  broken  fork  handle  or 
from  any  round  piece  of  wood  about 


that  size.  Make  a  long  point  on  it,  and 
use  it  to  pry  the  strands  apart  so  you 
can  tuck  the  loose  end  through.  Tuck 
the  strands  through  in  turn.  Referring 
again  to  Fig.  2,  first  tuck  A;  then  E; 
then  C;  and  continue  in  rotation.  Do 
not  complete  the  weaving  of  one  strand 
before  you  start  another.  Follow  same 
procedure  on  the  other  side  of  the 
splice. 

A  short  splice  is  just  as  strong  as 
a  long  one,  but  it  is  more  bulky.  Fig. 
3  shows  how  the  short  splice  looks 
when  it  is  completed. 

The  Long  Splice 

Here  is  how  you  make  a  long  splice. 
It  takes  more  rope,  so  the  first  opera¬ 
tion  is  to  unlay  each  end  of  the  broken 
rope  for  ten  or  twelve  turns.  Put  the 
two  ropes  together  just  as  you  did 


FIGURE  3. 


when  you  made  the  short  splice  (See 
Fig.  4)v.  Then  carefully  unlay  strand 
A,  and  carefully  lay  strand  B  in  its 
place.  As  you  do  this,  keep  strand  B 
twisted  tightly.  This  is  particularly 
important  with  an  old  rope  which  may 
be  rather  worn.  Continue  this  until  you 
have  from  6”  to  9”  of  strand  B  which 


is  still  unlaid.  Then  tie  strands  A  and 
B  with  a  simple  overhand  knot  as  you 
did  when  you  made  the  short  splice. 

Now  take  a  look  at  Fig.  5.  Follow 
the  same  procedure  with  strands  C  and 


D,  unlaying  strand  D  and  putting 
strand  C  in  its  place.  Use  care  here 
that  you  do  not  unlay  strand  F  instead 
of  strand  D.  When  strand  D  has  been 
unlaid  and  C  put  in  its  place,  these 
strands  should  be  tied  with  an  over¬ 
hand  knot  as  you  did  with  A  and  B. 

Do  not  unlay  strands  E  or  F,  but  tie 
them  with  a  simple  overhand  knot  just 
as  they  are.  The  splice  is  completed  by 
weaving  each  of  the  loose  ends  over 
one  strand  and  under  the  other.  Before 
you  do  this,  cut  each  long  strand  off 
to  a  length  from  6”  to  9”,  depending 
on  the  size  of  the  rope.  The  bigger  the 
rope,  the  longer  the  ends  should  be. 


Whereas  with  a  short  splice  the  rope 
at  the  middle  is  six  strands  big,  rope 
with  the  long  splice  will  be  only  four 
strands  big  at  any  one  point.  You  will 
need  a  little  practice  to  make  a  splice 
but  it  is  surprisingly  easy  if  you  follow 
directions  closely. 

Replacing  a  Broken  Strand 

Here  is  a  good  tip.  Sometimes  one 
strand  of  a  rope  will  break.  In  this 
case,  it  is  unnecessary  to  cut  the  other 
two  strands  and  make  an  entire  splice. 
Unlay  the  broken  strand  four  or  five 
turns  in  each  direction.  Take  a  strand 
of  the  same  size  and  lay  it  into  the  place 
where  the  broken  strand  was  unlaid.  At 
each  end,  tie  the  strand  you  have  unlaid 
to  the  one  you  have  laid  in  with  a  sim¬ 
ple  overhand  knot,  and  weave  the  four 
ends  over  and  under  just  as  you  would 
in  making  your  splice.  (See  Fig.  6.) 

When  rope  is  coiled  up,  uncoil  it  be¬ 
ginning  with  the  end  in  the  center  of 


direction,  opposite  to  the  direction  of 
the  motion  of  the  hands  of  a  clock.  If 
it  uncoils  in  the  wrong  direction,  turn 
the  coil  over  and  pull  the  end  up 
through  the  center.  A  rope  uncoiled  in 
this  way  will  not  kink. 

When  you  coil  a  piece  of  rope  on  the 
floor,  coil  it  from  left  to  right  in  the 
same  direction  as  the  hands  of  a  clock. 
Do  not  coil  a  rope  when  damp,  and 
when  it  is  stored,  keep  it  in  a  dry  place. 

Large  pulleys  cause  less  wear  on 
ropes  than  small  one.  The  general  rule 
is  that  the  pulley  diameter  should  be 
not  less  than  eight  times  the  diameter 
of  the  rope.  In  other  words,  a  1”  hay 
rope  should  be  used  with  pulleys  at 
least  8”  in  diameter. 


Ai  aerican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


WHEAT  PENALTY 
RULED  ILLEGAL 

A  special  Federal  Court  at 
Dayton,  Ohio,  has  ruled  that  the 
penalty  of  49c  a  bushel  on  excess 
wheat  is  unconstitutional.  By  a 
majority  decision,  the  three 
judges  ruled  that  such  a  penalty 
amounts  to  taking  a  man’s  prop¬ 
erty  without  due  process  of  law. 

The  decision  was  a  result  of 
a  suit  started  by  a  group  of  Ohio 
farmers.  We  understand  that 
the  decision  will  be  appealed  by 
the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture,  and  probably  will  go  to 
the  Supreme  Court. 

~  ~  ~  — 

"TUNE  UP”  THE  TRACTOR 

( Continued  from  Page  3) 
gines  for  years — or  why  it  makes  such 
a  change  in  horsepower.  Engineers 
have  known  for  a  long  time  that  the 
more  tightly  you  squeeze  or  compress 
the  vaporized  mixture  of  fuel  and  air 
in  each  cylinder,  the  more  power  it  de¬ 
livers  when  it  is  ignited  by  the  spark. 
Most  of  the  new  tractors  manufactur¬ 
ed  today  are  designed  to  take  advan¬ 
tage  of  this  principle,  but  fortunately 
a  man  does  not  have  to  buy  a  new 
machine  just  to  get  the  benefits  of  high 
compression  power.  Most  low-compres¬ 
sion  models  can  be  converted,  in  three 
steps:  (1)  substituting  “cold”  type 
spark  plugs  for  the  "hot”  ones  requir¬ 
ed  with  low  grade  fuels;  (2)  changing 
the  intake  manifold  adjustment  from 
“hot”  to  “cold”;  (3)  changing  either 
the  cylinder-head  or  the  pistons  to  the 


Using  a  loot  pump  to  keep  the  tractor 
tires  at  the  right  pressure.  You  can  also 
get  tire  pumps  which  are  run  by  the 

engine. 

“altitude”  oh  high-compression  type. 
These  can  be  supplied  by  implement 
dealers. 

Fortunately,  the  need  for  increased 
production  of  farm  products  comes  at 
a  time  when  the  efficiency  of  farm  ma¬ 
chinery  and  particularly  the  farm  trac¬ 
tor  is  at  a  peak.  The  records  at  the 
University  of  Nebraska,  where  all  trac¬ 
tors  are  tested  before  being  put  on  the 
market,  show  clearly  the  progress  of 
the  tractor  over  a  period  of  25  years. 
The  first  machine  ever  tested  there  de¬ 
livered  4.25  horsepower-hours  per 
gallon  of  fuel,  at  a  rated  load  measur¬ 
ed  at  the  drawbar.  Recently  a  modern 
high-compression  tractor  delivered  10 
horsepower-hours  per  gallon  of  fuel  on 
rated  load.  That’s  138%  more  power 
per  gallon.  Putting  it  another  way,  this 
new  machine  will  plow  238  acres  on  the 
same  amount  of  fuel  that  the  first  trac¬ 
tor  required  to  plow  100  acres. 

— a.  a.  — 

Many  young  pigs  are  killed  by  hav¬ 
ing  the  sow  lie  on  them.  A  guard 
around  the  pen,  high  enough  and  wide 
enough  so  the  young  pigs  can  get 
under  it,  helps  to  prevent  losses. 


17  (211) 


wM/k 


the  year  to 
old  chain 
-shocking- 
For  it  is 
Freedom  is 
on  farms  where 
itself  is 
and  free. 


The  clock  ticks  off  the  minutes  approaching  the  most  crucial 
hour  in  American  farm  history.  Eyes  of  the  world  are  on 
this  year’s  crop  as  it  takes  shape  on  your  farm.  To  lose  or  waste 
any  part  of  it  would  be  a  severe  blow  to  democracy  at  a  time 
when  every  ounce  of  our  strength  is  needed  to  tip  the  scales 
of  victory.  In  every  quarter  of  the  globe,  we  see  the  tragedy 
of  unpreparedness.  That  must  not  happen  on  American  farms. 

By  acting  quickly. . .  now. . .  you  can  be  equipped  for  any 
emergency.  An  All-Crop  Harvester  will  shave  the  ground  to 
save  storm-lodged  crops  where  all  other  methods  fail  .  .  .  will 
save  102  different  grains,  beans,  legume  and  grass  seeds  with 
you  alone  as  the  crew. 

The  probability  is,  many  farmers  will  be  unable  to  buy 
a  new  All-Crop  Harvester  this  year.  But  thousands  of  them 
are  already  in  service  all  over  America.  Your  Allis-Chalmers 
dealer  may  be  able  to  locate  a  used  one  for  you.  Your  crop 
could  have  no  better  insurance  policy  than  his  skill  and  knowl¬ 
edge  of  what  it  takes  to  keep  them  rolling! 

The  spirit  of  neighborliness  in  lending  your  All-Crop 
Harvester,  if  you  are  fortunate  enough  to  own  one,  was  never 
more  needed  than  now. 

America’s  blast  furnaces  are  glowing  red  against  the  midnight  sky, 
furnishing  steel  for  more  guns.  Even  though  this  means  fewer  new 
farm  implements,  every  American  would  have  it  so.  Let’s  feed  these 
furnaces  every  bit  of  old  scrap  iron  available.  IV hy  not  let  a  4-H 
or  F.  F.  A.  boy  collect  your  old  iron  and  sell  it  to  a  junk  dealer? 


AHISCHAIMERS  ALL-CROP  HARVESTER 

1  fri.a  -ira  y-Airiiia'  ■  ■  ivy;i'i  ;i  i  Al'MaLl  " successor  to  the  binder " 


ALLIS-CHALMERS  MFG.  CO., 

Dept.  34  Tractor  Division,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

*  Gentlemen:  I  want  the  whole  story.  Send  free  books  checked. 

I  farm - acres  in - County. 

+  □  Model  40  All-Crop  Harvester  □  2-Row  C  Tractor 

□  Model  60  All-Crop  Harvester  □  2-Plow  WC  Tractor 

it  □  1-Plow  B  Tractor  □  Implements 

□  Power  Mowers  □  Plows,  Bedders 

★ 

Name - R.  F.  D.— — — — 

"  PLEASE  PRINT 


it  Town. 


State -  *  INVEST  IN  VICTORY 


BUY  DEFENSE  BONDS  AND  STAMPS 


HIDES,  Raw  Furs.  Wool,  Sheep  Skins,  Tallow,  Rabbit 
Skins,  Horsehides,  shipments  solicited.  Good  cash 
prices,  prompt  returns.  Keystone  Hide  Co.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 


HUY  DEFENSE  RONDS 


TOBACCO 


When  Writing  Advertisers  Be  Sure  to  Mention  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


GUARANTEED,  best  chewing,  smoking  or  cigarette, 
five  pounds  $1.50,  ten  $2.50.  Pipe  and  box  cigars  free. 
Pay  Postman.  A.  P.  FORD.  MAYFIELD,  KY. 


Ie  Roy  Equipment 

has  always  been  BUILT  To  LAST 
-so  it’s  worth  plenty  of  care 


WOW  more  than  ever,  it  will 
"  pay  you  to  keep  your 
Le  Roy  farm  machines  .  properly 
adjusted,  well  lubricated  and  ade¬ 
quately  protected.  For  the  war 
emergency  is  making  it  increas¬ 
ingly  difficult,  in  some  cases  im¬ 
possible,  for  manufacturers  t© 
build  new  farm  implements. 


But  we  can  still  supply  you  with 
genuine  Le  Roy  replacement  parts 
as  you  need  them.  And  our  tech¬ 
nicians  stand  ready  to  give  you 
any  advice  or  mechanical  data  that 
will  help  you  step  up  the  efficiency 
or  prolong  the  life  of  our  products. 
Please  make  full  use  of  this  advis¬ 
ory  service.  No  charge  or  obligation. 


LE  ROY  PLOW  COMPANY 

LE  ROY,  NEW  YORK. 

SERVING  THE  FARMER  FOR  OVER  60  YEARS 


HOW  to  REPAIR 

Household,  Farm, 


Tractor  and  Auto 

EQUIPMENT 


Smooth-On  No.  I  stops 
leaks,  seals  cracks,  and 
tightens  loose  parts  of 
boilers,  heating  systems, 
water  supply  systems, 
tractors,  automobiles,  and 
other  farm  and  household 
apparatus.  A  real  neces¬ 
sity  to  keep  equipment  in 
first  class  condition  at  low 
cost.  Applied  like  putty, 
hardens  like  iron  and  is 
permanently  effective.  Doz¬ 
ens  of  helpful  suggestions 
in  the  FREE  Smooth-On 
Handbook  that  should  be 
in  every  farm  and  home. 


Get  Smooth-On 
No.  I  at  hardware 
and  general  stores 
or  if  necessary, 
from  us,  in  1%-oz., 
7-oz.,  I  -lb.,  5-lb. 
cans  and  larger 
sizes. 


SEND  COUPON  FOR  FREE  BOOK 

Smooth-On,  570  Communipaw  Av.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
Dept.  48.  Send  copy  of  FREE  Repair  Handbook. 


Name 

Address 


Do  it  with  SH00TH0N 


(212)  18 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


J^antkeGAt  ManJteti  jpsi  I^a^itkeaAi  PnaduceM 

"American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page”  ■nMnwaMmMpnanawmwaiH 


HOLSTEIN 

Buy  Them  Young  and  Save  Money 

Your  next  Herd  Sire  from  one  of  our  Outstanding 
Show  Bulls.  Bred  for  production  too. 

Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  TH<EUBWU,B'J.  £AIVMS- 
DAIRY  COWS  KOLSTEINS^and  GUERNSEYS 

Fresh  and  nearby.  Blood-tested. 

Frank  W.  Arnold,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE:  At  Farmer’s  Prices, 

sons  of  excellent  type  from  our  4%  “Invincible”  daugh¬ 
ters  sired  by  Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

Orchard  Hill  Stock  Farm,  FMort  piai'n!0Nk'Y. 


FOR  SALE:  Holstein  Bull  Calves, 

sons  of  Commodore  Constance,  Dam  K.O.I.  Pauline 
made  1019  lbs.  fat,  28079  lbs.  milk;  was  N.  Y.  State 
Champion.  Out  of  high  producing,  excellent  type  dams 
backed  by  4%  test  dams.  At  farmers’  prices.  PAUL 
STERUSKY,  Sunnyhill  Dairy  Farm,  Little  Falls,  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE:  TEN  REGISTERED  HOLSTEIN  COWS. 
Your  choice  from  30  raised  by  owner.  Average  C.T.A. 
record  412  lb.  fat  with  half  of  herd  under  5  years. 
All  calfhood  vaccinated.  15  granddaughters  of  Cornoll 
Pride.  Will  sell  my  herd  sire,  son  of  Royal  Blend. 

RALPH  A.  BUTLER,  SoVanTVy0: 


GUERNSEY 


TARBELL  FARMS  GUERNSEYS 

Federal  Accredited  —  360  HEAD  —  Negative 
YOUNG  BULLS  FOR  SALE.  CLOSELY  RELATED  TO 
Tarbell  Farms  Peerless  Margo  613193,  18501.4  lbs.  Milk. 

1013.3  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  3  Yr.  Old. 
Tarbell  Farms  Royal  Lenda  467961,  20508.9  lbs.  Milk. 
1109.0  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  4  Yr.  Old. 

TARBELL  FARMS 

Smithville  Flats,  New  York 


LAKE  DELAWARE  FARMS 

DELHI,  N.  Y.,  OFFERS  FOR  SALE 

REGISTERED  GUERNSEY  BULLS 

Ready  for  Light  Service.  Price  from  $100.00  up. 
Also  a  few  Heifers,  all  ages.  Apply  at  once. 


Registered  Guernsey  Bulls:  To  —  one°ntYear 

Grandsons  of  Foremost  Prediction  212227,  and  Lang- 
water  Valor  79775.  Butterfat  Records  on  Each  Dam  in 
the  Pedigree.  Complete  information  on  Request. 
APPROVED  —  ACCREDITED. 

WYCHMERE  FARMS,  Lake  Road,  ONTARIO,  N.  Y. 


_  JERSEYS _ 

Lake  View  Farm  Jerseys 

E.  A.  Beckwith  &  Son,  Ludlowville,  N.Y. 

We  sold  a  foundation  milking  herd  to  Col.  R. 

M.  Vose,  owner  of  Four  Winds  Farm,  Ithaca, 

N.  Y.  We  now  offer  bulls  1  mo.  to  1  yr.  old 
from  both  herds,  sired  by  Imp.  Sybil’s  Jupiter 
of  Rosel,  a  son  of  the  best  proven  sire  and 
the  high  milk  and  butterfat  proven  cow  on 
the  Island  of  Jersey.  The  dams  of  these  young 
bulls  have  2  time  milking,  305  da.  records 
of  from  450  to  673  lb.  of  fat.  These  dams 
also  have  from  1  to  5  Proven  Sires  in  their 
breeding.  Our  1941  herd  average  was  9280 

lbs.  Milk,  570.3  fat. 

We  also  have  an  option  on  a  son  of  Sybil 
Jupiter  of  Rosel,  now  in  service  on  farm  near 
Geneva.  Both  herds  Accredited  and  Approv¬ 
ed  for  Bangs. 


AYRSHIRE 


For  Sale:  REGISTERED  AYRSHIRES. 

I  Bull.  15  mo.,  dam  13,874  milk.  573.7  fat,  twice  a 
day  machine  milking.  Grandam  19,866  milk.  769  fat. 
I  Heifer,  16  mo.;  I  Bull,  6  mo.;  I  Heifer.  2  mo. 

Similar  breeding.  Fully  approved. 

F.  S.  HOLLOWELL,  PENN  YAN,  NEW  YORK 


ARERHEEN -ANGUS 


Our  herd  sire  was  Grand  Champion  at  New  York, 
Kansas  and  Missouri  State  Fairs,  and  1st  prize  at  Iowa 
and  Indiana.  Now  offering  bull  calves  and  bred  heifers. 
Also  Registered -Certified  Lenroc  Seed  Oats  and  Seneca 
Soybeans. 

C.  C.  TAYLOR,  Lawtons,  N.  Y. 


TEN  COMMERCIAL 

ABERDEEN  ANGUS  FEMALES, 

two  to  five  years  of  age,  bred  for  spring  freshening  to 
the  proven  sire  Prideman  Peter.  Accredited  &  Negative. 

Kutschbach  &  Son,  Sherburne,  N.  Y. 


SHORTHORNS 


HEREFOROS 


HEREFORD  CATTLE 

BUY  ANIMALS  THAT  TRACE  DIRECTLY  TO  A 
REGISTER  OF  MERIT  SIRE. 

We  are  offering  a  Bull  and  four  Heifers  in  the  New 
York  State  Hereford  Breeder’s  Sale  at  Cornell  Uni¬ 
versity,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  May  4th. 

We  consider  these  excellent  individuals,  suitable  for 
herd  foundation  stock.  They  are  all  sired  by  our 
Grand  Champion  Herd  Sire  whose  Grand  Sire  is  a 
Register  of  Merit  Bull,  Bocaldo  6th. 

We  also  have  stock  for  sale  at  the  farms. 

BOB  O  LINK  FARMS,  Wolcott,  N.  Y. 

HEREFORD  —  ANGUS 

EVERYTHING  IN  REGISTERED  AND 
COMMERCIAL  BREEDING  STOCK. 

West  Acres  Farms,  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y. 

DAIRY  CATTLE 

500  DAIRY  CATTLE  New  Shipments. 

100  fancy  fresh  and  close  springers. 
Should  please  the  most  particular  buyer. 
T.B.  and  Blood  tested.  Free  delivery  on 
truck  load  or  more. 

100  Horses  —  Tractors  —  Farm  Machinery. 

E.  L.  FOOTE  &  SON,  INC., 

HOBART,  N.  Y.  EST.  1845 

COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEI  NS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 

SWINE 

Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 

Black  Poland  China  Bred  Sows, 

Also  Pigs,  Service  Boars,  etc. 
REGISTERED. 

C.  W.  HILLMAN,  Vincentown,  N.  J. 

Diirrrn  Dirci  Chester  whites,  ches- 

KLUjUED  rlUo!  TER  BERKSHIRE,  YORK- 
SH  1  RE-CHESTER,  FEW  DUROC  CROSSES.  5-6  wks., 
$5.00;  6  wks.,  $5.50;  8  wks.,  $6.00.  Check  or  money 
order.  No  charge  crating. 

CARL  ANDERSON,  mass! 

CHOICE  REGISTERED  BERK  SHIRES.  Open  gilts, 
young  sows  bred,  boars  nearly  ready  for  service.  One 
extra  nice  young  herd  boar  sired  by  Willow  Lodge 
Barron  171,  Champion  of  Canada  1938.  All  stock  of 
best  breeding  and  quality.  Guaranteed  to  please. 
Write  or  come. 

M.  H.  VANDERHOOF,  Monroe,  Sussex  Co.,  N.  J. 

SHEEP 

REGISTERED — Bred  Dorset  Ewes 

AND  BRED  DO  RSET- D  EL  A 1  N  E  EWES 
due  to  lamb  in  March  and  April;  also  number  of 
Dorset-Delaine  Yearlings,  well  grown. 

Stony  Ford  Farms,  PSToNYMidFd°ietown ,n'n.yy. 

HAMPSHIRE  SHEEP 

Disposing  of  flock  to  make  room  for  Swiss. 
WELL  BRED,  GOOD  TYPE.  REGISTERED. 

A  CHANCE  TO  START  WITH  HAMPS. 

FOREST  FARMS,  Wemb°st^e  E°"y. 

HORSES 

PURE  BRED  pCI  AklC 

REGISTERED  D  t  LUIHH3 

MARES.  STALLIONS,  GELDINGS.  2,  3,  4  AND 

5  YEARS  OLD.  ALL  OUR  OWN  BREEDING. 

By  special  arrangement  r-w-i  rT'1 T  T  T~k 

For  a  limited  time  J.  ‘ ~~J  *—* 

Rockhills  Farm  Imported  Grand  Champion  Stallion 

Insolent  Du  Soleil  (38/2784) 

SHALEBR00K  FARM  -  Morr%0uX  32ri  j 

FOR  SALE  — 

Pair  of  Sorrel  Belgian  Geldings, 

5  years  old,  weighing  3800  with  harness  and  collars; 
also  two  teams  of  strawberry  roan  mares. 

Write  for  prices  delivered. 

ENOS  N.  MILLER,  ARCADE,  NEW  YORK. 

HAY 

DOGS 


SHEPHERDS  —  COLLIES 

TRAINED  CATTLE  DOGS  AND  PUPS. 

HEEL  DRIVERS  —  BEAUTIES. 

WILMOT,  East  Thetford,  Vt. 


PUPPIES— FREE  DETAILS 

ST.  BERNARDS  — ALL  BREEDS— DETAI LS  FREE! 
Book  108  colored  pictures,  descriptions  recognized 
breeds  35c 

ROYAL  KENNELS,  R.  3,  Chany,  N.  Y. 


SEED  POTATOES 


Certified  Seed  Potatoes 

SMOOTH  RURALS,  RUSSET  RURALS,  KATAHDINS. 
TUBER  UNIT  FOUNDATION  STOCK. 
NON-CERTIFIED  CHIPPEWA,  SEBAGO. 

H.  L.  Hodnett  &  Sons,  Fillmore,  N.  Y. 


HASTINGS  SEED  POTATOES 

GREEN  MOUNTAINS.  CHIPPEWA,  WARBA,  EAR- 
LAINE,  SEBAGO.  SEQUOIA,  BLUE  VICTOR  BUR¬ 
BANKS  AND  OTHERS.  WRITE  FOR  LIST. 

Roy  C.  Hastings,  R.  3,  Malone,  N,  Y. 


Certified  Seed  Potatoes — HOUMAS — 

ONE  OF  THE  NEW  VARIETIES. 

A  heavy  yielder  and  cooking  quality  equal  to  G.  Mts. 
Prices  quoted  on  any  quantity  up  to  truck  or  car  load. 

E.  A.  WEEKS,  LOCKE,  N.  Y. 


Certified  Katahdin  Seed  Potatoes 

PASSING  STATE  AND  FLORIDA  TESTS 
WITH  A  MINIMUM  OF  DISEASE. 

HARRY  SHAVER,  WAYLAND,  N.  Y. 


POULTRY 


EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

BREEDING  MALES 

.PULLORUM  TESTED  —  NO  REACTORS 
James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  Trumansburg,  N.  Y 

Walter  Rich’s 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 

Rich  Poultry  Farms 

Leghorns  Progeny  Tested  Reds 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS. 

Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de¬ 
scribes  our  method  of  growing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 


Are  You  Looking  for  Profitable  Producers? 

HANSON  STRAIN  WHITE  LEGHORNS 
AND  PARMENTER’S  REDS. 

“FOR  EGGS  AND  MEAT  THAT  CAN’T  BE  BEAT." 

ALL  BREEDERS  BLOOD-TESTED. 

SEND  FOR  FOLDER  AND  PRICE  LISTS  BEFORE 
PLACING  YOUR  ORDER. 

Webster  A.  J.  Kuney,  SEnIwA  yorkLSi 


SEEDS 


Corn  !KSIS:D  Soy  Beans 

BECKWITH  STRAIN  EARLY  CORNELL  No.  II. 

A  90  day  grain  corn  for  Northeast,  is  recommended 
by  State  College  for  quality  silage  at  high  elevations. 
I  BU.,  $3.75;  1/2  BU.,  $2.25;  I  PK„  $1.50. 
SENECA  SOY  BEANS  FOR  GRAIN,  110  DAYS. 
Also  a  great  hay,  green  feed  or  silage  crop. 

6  BU.  OR  MORE  @$3.75;  I  BU.,  $4.00,  '/2  BU.,  $2.50. 

LAKE  VIEW  FARM,  Ulo&IBS.  Vs  y! 


CORNELL  HYBRID  29-3 

West  Branch  Sweepstakes  and  Cornell  1 1  field  corn, 
Whipple’s  Yellow  Sweet  Corn,  Cayuga  and  Seneca 
Soybeans,  Cornellian  Oats,  Grass  Seeds. 
JERRY  A.  SMITH  &  SONS,  LUDLOWVILLE.  N.  Y. 
Tompkins  County.  Phone  Poplar  Ridge  3610. 


CLOVER  $9.00;  ALFALFA  $11.85; 

BLUE  TAG  EDGEDROP  HYBRID  SEED  CORN. 
$2.65,  all  per  bushel.  Also  other  bargains.  Postal  card 
us  today  for  annual  catalog  and  samples. 

Hall  Roberts’  Son,  Postville,  Iowa. 


Registered  Certified  LENROC  OATS 

$1.20  per  bu.  85%  germination. 

GEO.  G.  HARKNESS,  Lawtons,  N.  Y. 

MAPLE  SYRUP 

VERMONT  PURE  MAPLE  SYRUP 

GRADE  A  QUALITY  —  GALLON  $2.50, 
Postage  Extra. 

R.  Stevens,  Montgomery  Center,  Vt. 


POULTRY 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS.  BARRED  ROCKS,  ROCK-RED 
CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Schwegler’s  “THOR-O-BREDS” 

HOLD  II  WORLD  OFFICIAL  RECORDS. 

Stock  from  200-324  egg  Pedigree  Breeders  2  to  5  years 
old  —  Leghorns,  White  Rocks,  Barred  Rocks,  R.  I. 
Reds,  New  Hampshires,  Wyandottes,  Giants,  Orpingtons, 
Minorcas,  Red- Rock  Cross.  Pekin  Ducks — Blood  Test¬ 
ed  Breeders.  Write  for  free  Catalog. 

SCHWEGLER’S  HATCHERY 

208  NORTHAMPTON,  BUFFALO.  N.  Y. 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Officially  Pullorum  Passed.  N.  Y.  U.  S.  Approved 

BREEDING  COCKERELS 
Write  for  Folder 


E.  R.  Stone  and  Son  clydBe°.x  n'.  y 


McLoughlin  Leghorns 

Progeny-test  bred.  7-time  New  York 
R.O.P.  champions  with  average  produc 
tion  records  of  257,  253,  256,  258,  266 
261  and  262  eggs.  U.S.  Pullorum  Clean 
V  McLoughlin  Leghorn  Farm,  Chatham  Center. N.Y 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS.  NEW  HAMPSHIRES. 
BARRED  ROCKS.  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  All  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
Folder  and  Prices. 

WILLIAM  S.  MAPES,  MiddleBtrw„%.  Y. 


The  McGREGOR  FARM 


S.  C.  White  Lefthorns — 50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 
THE  McGREGOR  FARM.  Box  A,  MAINE.  N.  Y. 


c.  &  G.  FARM  stpraar,mnentreeros 

TRAPNESTED  AND  PROGENY  TESTED  FOR  YEARS. 
SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 

C.  &  G.  Farm,  Ballston  Lake,  N.  Y. 


FAIRP0RT  approved 

White  Leghorns  —  Barred  and  White  Rocks 
^New  Hampshires  —  S.  C.  Reds 
Rock-Hampshire  Cross  —  Hamp.-Rock  Cross 
Write  for  Illustrated  Catalog  Today. 

Fairport  Hatchery  &  Poultry  Farm, 

BOX  44,  FAIRPORT,  NEW  YORK 


LEGHORNS— NEW  HAMPSHIRES 

BARRED  ROCKS  —  CROSSES 
“BRED  TO  LAY—  LAY  TO  PAY" 

Write  for  descriptive  catalog  and  prices. 

GLENWOOD  FARMS,  ithr/cad/  n.’y. 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Pullorum  clean,  high  in  quality,  low  in  price. 
Write  for  information. 

Norton  Ingalls,  R.D.  1,  Greenville,  N.  Y. 


DUAL  PURPOSE  SHORTHORNS 

TWO  STRONG  YEARLING  BULLS  READY  FOR 
HEAVY  SERVICE  NOW,  AND  SEVERAL  YOUNG 
BULLS  FOR  SPRING  AND  SUMMER  SERVICE. 

Wm.  J.  Brew  &  Sons,  Bergen,  N.  Y. 


BALED  HAY  AND  STRAW 

ALL  GRADES  MIXED  HAY  AND  ALFALFA. 
DELIVERED  BY  TRUCK  OR  CARLOAD. 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 


NEW  YORK  U.  S.  APPROVED 


NEW  HAMPSHIRES  &  LEGHORNS 


DESCRIPTIVE  CIRCULAR. 

The  Hiscock  Hatchery,  new6  york 


See  Opposite  Page  for 
Additional  Poultry  Ads 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

This  classified  page  is  for  the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications: 
LIVESTOCK — Cattle,  Swine.  Sheep.  Horses,  Dogs,  Babbits,  Goats,  Mink,  Ferrets;  FARM  PRODUCE — Field 
Seeds,  J  lay  and  Straw,  Maple  Syrup,  Honey,  Pop  Corn,  Miscellaneous;  POULTRY — Breeding  Stock,  Hatching  Eggs' 
EMPLOYMENT — Help  Wanted,  Situation  Wanted;  FARM  REAL  ESTATE — Farms  for  Sale,  Farms  Wanted' 
USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT— For  Sale,  Wanted. 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers’  classified  advertising  rates.  Two 
advertising  space  units  are  offered  as  follows:  space  one  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $6.00  per  issue  or 
space  one-half  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.00  per  issue.  Copy  must  be  received  at  American  Agriculturist. 
Advertising  Dept.,  Box  514,  Ithaca,  N.  A'.,  11  days  before  publication  date.  No  Babv  Chick  advertising  aoy 
cepted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows:  Jan  3,  17.  31;  Feb.  14,  28:  Mar.  14.  28;  April  II,  25; 
May  9,  23;  June  6,  20;  July  4,  18;  Aug.  I,  15,  29;  Sept.  12,  25;  Oct  !9,  24;  Nov.  7,  21:  Dec.  5,  19- 


\ 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


19  (218) 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


LIVESTOCK  and  meat  continue  in 
strong  demand,  but  this  does  not 
mean  price  inflation.  Meat  is  a  tangible 
commodity,  and  it  is  rapidly  consumed; 
therefore  it  is  not  highly  speculative, 
and  it  is  limited  in  amounts  to  long¬ 
term  breeding  operations.  Consequent¬ 
ly,  it  can  hardly  get  above  parity. 

While  the  call  is  for  ever-increasing 
amounts  of  meat  and  fats,  it  should  be 
remembered  that  this  takes  feed,  and 
right  now  the  livestock  numbers  on 
farms  would  indicate  no  cheap  feed  for 
the  duration  anywhere. 

Livestock  price  ceilings  under  these 
conditions  seem  unnecessary  and  out 
of  order,  but  since  it  appears  that  we 
must  have  them,  they  should  apply 
particularly  to  the  retail  product,  where 
they  can  be  definitely  on  a  grade  basis. 
They  should  also  be  very  elastic,  or 
we  will  run  into  miscalculations,  as 
has  already  been  done  with  lamb  and 
wool. 

Pork  cuts  have  been  “pegged”  as  of 
March  3rd-7th.  This  means  that  the 
processors  cannot  raise  their  prices 
above  the  prices  received  on  those 
dates.  This  leaves  the  retailer  entirely 
out  of  the  picture,  and  the  hog  produc¬ 
er  very  much  in  it.  Hogs  can  be  low¬ 
er  to  the  farmer,  because  all  the  cuts 


may  not  bring  as  much  to  the  proces¬ 
sor  as  they  have  been  bringing.  The 
processor  would  then  simply  buy  his 
hogs  lower,  and  this  could  be  in  spite 
of  the  fact  that  the  consumer  was  pay¬ 
ing  the  retailer  as  much  or  more.  Any¬ 
way,  it’s  another  of  “those  things” 
that  has  arrived. 

Wool  price  ceiling  at  37.7c  a  lb. 
means  farm  price  for  the  entire  Unit¬ 
ed  States.  That  puts  our  Northeast  on 
a  basis  of  45c  to  53c,  with  some  of  the 
better  grades  higher  than  this.  There 
are  two  features  in  connection  with 
this  that  should  not  be  lost  sight  of 
in  the  loose  conversation  that  is  going 
around.  First,  that  this  37.7c  is  not 
your  price,  and  not  the  only  price  that 
can  be  paid.  Second,  that  this  price 
set-up  is  not  stationary.  It  could  be 
47.7c  next  month.  Anyway,  it  is  sub¬ 
ject  to  change  at  any  time,  and  any 
individual  can  still  gamble  on  his  wool 
if  he  wants  to,  although  there  are  un¬ 
der  these  conditions  certain  limitations. 

•  The  recent  advance  in  the  prices  of 
horses  has  about  been  maintained  — 
good  teams  around  $350.00,  with  good 
individual  horses  around  $150.00.  Aged 
and  blemished  horses,  also  “bad  ac¬ 
tors,”  may  be  bought  on  down  to 
$50.00.  Not  many  usable  horses  are 
selling  for  less  than  this.  With  the 
higher  costs  of  all  kinds  of  meat,  fox 
and  mink  farms,  dog  foods,  etc.,  have 
taken  a  lot  of  “cheap”  horses  off  the 
market.  Present  horse  prices,  and  the 
gas  and  rubber  situation,  indicate  bet¬ 
ter  care  for  your  horses.  Brushing, 
currying,  and  an  abundance  of  fresh 
water  will  do  more  and  cost  less  than 
any  other  horse  care. 


DR. DAVID  ROBERTS  HERD-TONIK 
Costs  less  than  per  cow  per  day 


YOUR  Herd  is  in  the  army  now  and  Uncle  Sam  looks  to  you  to  keep  up 
your  production  of  Butterfat.  Dr.  David  Roberts’  HERD-TONIK  helps 
keep  your  Cattle  well  and  healthy. 

Only  with  a  Healthy  Herd  can  you  keep  up  your  Butterfat 
Production.  Order  from  your  dealer  or  write  direct  to  Dr. 

David  Roberts.  He  has  a  prescription  for  every  curable 
animal  ailment,  especially  Cattle.  Write  for  free  literature  on 
how  to  treat  your  own  livestock  at  home. 

DR.  DAVID  ROBERTS  VETERINARY  CO.  Inc.,  1632  Grand  Ave.,  Waukesha,  Wis. 


CATTLE 


A  DISPERSAL  AUCTION 

80  Registered  HOLSTEINS 

T.B.  ACCREDITED,  BANG  APPROVED  CERTIFI¬ 
CATE  No.  2320,  ELIGIBLE  TO  GO  ANYWHERE. 

SALE  HELD  UNDER  COVER. 

To  dissolve  partnership  of  Fox  Brothers,  their  farm. 
4  miles  west  of  Cincinnatus,  N.  Y.,  10  miles  east  of 
Cortland,  N,  Y.,  on  Route  41. 

Wednesday,  APRIL  1,  at  10  a.  m. 

ALL  FEMALES  RAISED  ON  THE  FARM,  30  FRESH 
AND  CLOSE  SPRINGERS,  25  FALL  COWS. 
TEAM  WEIGHING  3000  LB.,  9  AND  10  YEARS  OLD. 
MILKING  MACHINE. 

It’s  a  big  sale.  Be  sure  to  attend. 

FOX  BROTHERS,  Owner,  CINCINNATUS,  N.  Y. 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 

Sales  Manager  and  Auctioneer, 
MEXICO,  NEW  YORK 


CATTLE 


150  RHOLSSTEIND  CATTLE 

SELL  AT  AUCTION 

142nd  SALE,  HEATED  PAVILION. 

EARLVILLE,  N.  Y. 

WEDNESDAY,  APRIL  8, 

AT  10  A.  M.  SHARP. 

T.B.  ACCREDITED,  NEGATIVE  TO  BLOOD  TEST. 
Majority  eligible  to  go  anywhere,  mastitis  charts 
with  milking  animals,  vaccinated  for  shipping  fever. 

120  fresh  and  close  springers, 

15  bulls,  ready  or  about  ready  for 
service.  Young  calves  of  both  sex. 
Send  for  catalog.  It’s  a  sale  you  should  attend. 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 

Sales  Manager,  MEXICO,  N.  Y. 


NORTHEAST  MARKETS  FOR  NORTHEAST  PRODUCERS 


Incubated  Eggs  for  Pigs 

EXPERIMENTS  were  begun  at  Cor¬ 
nell  University  in  January  1940  to 
determine  the  value  of  raw  incubated ' 
eggs  for  growing  and  fattening  pigs. 
The  eggs  used  were  those  that  failed 
to  hatch  after  21  days  of  incubation. 
One  lot  of  ten  pigs  was  self-fed  a  ra¬ 
tion  of  yellow  corn,  meat  scraps,  lin¬ 
seed  meal,  ground  alfalfa  hay  and  salt. 
Another  lot  of  similar  pigs  was  self- 
fed  ground  yellow  corn  to  which  0.3  per 
cent  of  salt  was  added  and  in  addition 
was  hand-fed  incubated  eggs  three 
times  daily.  Each  lot  was  continued 
on  the  experiment  until  \.he  pigs  reach¬ 
ed  an  average  live  weight  of  200 
pounds. 

The  pigs  fed  the  satisfactory  ration 
of  grain,  concentrates  and  hay  gained 
at  the  rate  of  1.4  pounds  daily  while 
those  in  the  lot  fed  incubated  eggs  and 
ground  corn  made  an  average  daily 
gain  of  1.2  pounds.  The  fact  that  the 
average  daily  ration  during  the  trial 
for  the  latter  lot  amounted  to  2.7  of 
ground  yellow  corn  and  4.9  pounds  of 
incubated  eggs  is  proof  that  the  raw 
incubated  eggs  are  a  palatable  feed  for 


THIS  GREAT  BOOK 


Every  farmer,  every 
lover  of  horseflesh 
should  have  a  copy  of  it.  This  amaz¬ 
ing  book  tells  how  to  know  horses — 
how  to  break  them  —  how  to  train 
them  —  how  to  make  money  as  a 
master  horseman.  Write  for  it  today 
—-FREE,  together  with  my  special 
offer  of  a  course  in  Animal  Breeding 
without  cost  to  you.  If  you  are  inter- 

-  ested  in  Gaiting  and  Riding  the 

necCTrcCrSefLheCk  here  D  D°U  toda^~nmE-  You'll 

Beery  School  of  Horsemanshin, 

Dept.  463.  .  -  -  PLEASANT  HILL,  OHIO 


SWINE 


Walter  Lux,  Tel.  0086,  Woburn,  Mass. 

£  CHESTER  CROSS  OR  BERKSHIRE 
&•  CHESTER  CROSS,  all  large  growthy  pigs  sold  as 
i^"e.rcs  ®  breeders.  6  weeks  old,  $6.25  ea.  7-8  weeks 
oia  $6.50  ca.  Will  ship  any  number  C.O.D.  or  send 
cneek  or  money-  order.  If  in  any  way  they  do  not 
piease  you,  return  them  at  my  expense. 


GOATS 


TOGGENBERG  and  SANEEN  MILK  GOATS.  Fr 
and  due  to  freshen.  P@NY  FARM,  HIMR0D,  N. 


pigs.  A  comparison  of  the  feed  re¬ 
quirements  for  these  two  lots  shows 
that  100  pounds  of  incubated  eggs  had 
a  feed  replacement  value  of  14.4  pounds 
of  ground  yellow  corn,  12.0  pounds  of 
meat  scraps  (55%  protein),  4.6  pounds 
of  linseed  meal  and  4.6  pounds  of 
ground  alfalfa  hay. 

Digestion  experiments  were  conduct¬ 
ed  to  determine  the  relative  digestibil¬ 
ity  of  raw  and  cooked  incubrted  eggs 
by  swine.  In  these  trials  the  pigs  were 
full-fed  equal  weights  of  eggs  and 
ground  corn.  The  results  show  defin¬ 
itely  that  the  fat  and  the  protein  were 
as  efficiently  digested  in  the  raw  as  in 
the  cooked  incubated  eggs. 

The  results  of  these  trials  and  the 
experiences  of  some  pork  producers 
demonstrate  again  the  ability  of  the 
pig  to  utilize  waste  product  or  by¬ 
product  feeds. — John  P.  Willman. 


—  A.  A. — 

Harris  Heads  Brown  .Swiss 
Breeders  Association 

John  B.  Harris  of  Watertown  was 
recently  elected  President  of  the  New 
York  Brown  Swiss  Breeders  Associa¬ 
tion.  Mr.  Harris  rightly  qualifies  to 
lead  the  Swiss  breeders  in  the  Em¬ 
pire  State  as  he  has  the  largest  herd 
of  Brown  Swiss  in  the  United  States 
— over  200  head. 

Earl  Merrill  of  Webster  was  elected 
Vice-President.  Mr.  Merrill  is  man¬ 
ager  of  the  Wm.  Hale  Estate  at  Forest 
Farms,  one  of  the  oldest  established 
herds  in  the  State.  It  was  from  this 
herd  that  Nevard  of  Bowerhome  was 
selected  for  the  outstanding  accom¬ 
plishments  of  his  daughters,  to  head 
the  Swiss  herd  at  the  1939  World’s 
Fair. 

Charlie  Goodwin  of  Guilford  was  re¬ 
elected  for  the  eighth  year  as  Secre¬ 
tary  and  Treasurer.  Charlie  has  de¬ 
veloped  a  herd  of  50  purebred  Swiss 
at  his  Wingood  Lake  Farm  while  his 
two  brothers  have  50  more  on  the 
Homestead  Farm,  it  will  be  remem¬ 
bered  that  these  herds  are  the  result 
of  4-H  Calf  Club. 

The  slogan  for  the  duration  of  the 
war  of  Brown  Swiss  Breeders  in  the 
State  is  “Keep  ’em  Milking”  and  “Buy 
Defense  Bonds.” 


POULTRY 

POULTRY 

HOLSER’S  VALLEY  FARM 

Announce  Contest  Winnings  to  March  1 

HIGHEST  LEGHORN  PEN  IN  U.  S. 

FIRST  PENN  AT  STORRS  ALL  BREED. 

FIRST  LEGHORN  PEN  AT  RHODE  ISLAND. 
THIRD  LEGHORN  PEN  AT  NEW  JERSEY. 
THIRD  AND  FOURTH  LEGHORN  PEN  AT 
FARMINGDALE. 

EIGHTH  PEN  ALL  BREEDS  HORSEHEADS. 

TROY,  NEW  YORK.  R.D.  4 

CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 

TURKEYS 

WHITE  HOLLAND  TURKEYS 

SELECTED  BREEDING  TOMS— $9.00;  HENS— $5.00. 
Compact,  full  breasted,  early  maturing — result  of  10 
years  of  selection  and  breeding.  Hatching  eggs. 

FOREST  FARMS,  wemb0sntre°re  cn°"y. 

ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS,  REDS,  ROCK-RED  CROSS. 

WHITE  ROCKS  — “They  Satisfy.’’ 

Pullorum  free,  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 

Write  for  details. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER,  Box  C,  GALLUPVILLE,  N.  Y. 

PIGEONS 

SUSQUEHANNA  FARMS 

WHITE  LEGHORNS.  NEW  HAMPSHIRES. 
ROCK-RED  CROSSBREDS.  WHITE  ROCKS. 
CORNO  RED  CROSSBREDS. 

Commercial  and  foundation  stock,  pullets,  males.  All 
stock  bloodtested  with  no  reactors  found;  Pedigreed 
male  matings.  Write  for  circular  and  prices. 

SUSQUEHANNA  FARMS 

Box  A,  MONTROSE,.. PA. 

White  King  Pigeons  —  Bargain. 

MUST  SELL  TO  MAKE  ROOM. 
WONDERFUL  STOCK. 

Gebhardt  Farm,  Muscatine,  Iowa. 

DUCKS  AND  GEESE 

TOULOUSE  GEESE  EGGS  50c  EACH. 
CARL  ANDERSON, 

Virginia  Rd.,  CONCORD,  MASS. 

DANISH  POULTRY  FARM 

Family  Tested  Leghorns  —  New  Hampshires. 
Storrs,  Conn.,  Test  1940-1941,  13  Full  sisters 
av.  270  eggs  per  bird.  Harrisburg,  Penna., 
test,  13  Full  sisters  av.  240  eggs  per  bird. 

A.  E.  DANISH, 

Troy,  New  York 

FARMS  FOR  SALE 

FOR  SALE: 

Schoharie  County  Fruit  Dairy  Farm, 

170  acres,  48  acres  orchard — McIntosh,  Cortland,  Bald¬ 
win — just  in  prime  have  been  producing  5000  to  7000 
bushels  per  year.  $8,000. 

FRANK  F.  WARNER,  ALTAMONT,  N.  Y. 

BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  U.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
List  describing  our  Leghorns  and  Reds. 

ELI  H.  BODINE, 

Box  28,  CHEMUNG,  N.  Y. 

STROUT’S  New  1942  Catalog  ius™e 

rural  realty  guide,  farms,  country  homes,  highway  busi¬ 
nesses;  1384  bargains  described.  None  other  like  it; 
saves  you  time  and  money.  Copy  Free. 

STROUT  REALTY,  N2e5w5-RYo^  r  y. 

Double  Production  in 

All  Year  Growing  Climate 

LOW  LAND  COST,  WATE R— H EALT H  F U L  LIVING. 
AMAZING  FARM  OPPORTUNITY. 

Write  for  free  literature. 

Pinal  County  Research  Committee, 
Dept.  1,  Coolidge,  Arizona. 

HIGHLAND  POULTRY  FARM 

HANSON  WHITE  LEGHORNS 
PARMENTER  RHODE  ISLAND  REDS. 
WHITE  HOLLAND  TURKEY  STOCK. 

All  stock  pullorum  tested.  Write  for  price  list. 

H.  T.  TILLOTSON.  KINGS  FERRY,  N.  Y. 

SfiA™YK  Pedigree  S.C.W.  Leghorns 

B.W.D.  TESTED  PULLETS  AND  BREEDING  STOCK. 
Progeny  Tested  under  supervision  Cornell  University. 

Hartwick  Hatchery,  Inc.,  Hartwick,  N.Y. 

GENERAL  CROP  AND  FRUIT  FARM 

Ideal  setting  for  retirement  home.  Superb  view  at 
Seneca  Lake  and  rolling  hills.  90  acres,  60  level  pro¬ 
ductive  tillage.  16  Concord,  Delaware  and  Niagara 
grapes.  8-rooni  Colonial  house,  central  chimney.  4 
fireplaces.  90  ft.  gambrel  roofed  barn,  horse  barn  and 
other  buildings.  $4500.  Investigate  long-term  pay¬ 
ment  plan.  Free  illustrated  description. 

FEDERAL  LAND  BANK, 
SPRINGFIELD,  MASSACHUSETTS 

Keystone  English  Black  Leghorns. 

HEALTHIEST  BREED.  GREAT  LAYERS. 

EGGS  AND  STOCK  FOR  SALE.  CIRCULAR  FREE. 

The  Keystone  Farms,  Richfield,  Pa. 

WHITEHEAD’S  FOR  REDS 

Rugged  Northern  Bred  Pullorum  Clean  Stock  that 
PAYS  in  Eggs,  then  PAYS  again  in  meat. 
Circular  free.  REDS  —  CROSSES.  Established  1927. 

Roy  S.  Whitehead,  Chateaugay,  N.  Y. 

FOR  SALE  — 

100  Acre  Potato  and  Grain  Farm, 

large  barn,  14  room  house  in  good  repair,  gas  and  sit 
rights,  70a  tillable,  hal.  timber  and  pasture.  Price  $1501, 

GEO.  M.  LEWIS,  Whitesville,  N.  Y. 

(214)  20 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


BUSINESS  END 

OF  AN 

EFFICIENT  FARM  MACHINE 

This  store,  and  thousands  more  like  it  throughout  Ameri¬ 
ca,  form  part  of  one  of  today’s  most  important  farm 
machines  ....  the  distributing  machine  that  gets  farm 
products  to  consumers,  quickly,  efficiently  and  economi¬ 
cally. 

A  nation  at  war  cannot  afford  inefficient  distribution.  It 
needs  efficient  marketing  machinery  as  much  as  a  farmer 
needs  an  efficient  tractor  or  harvester.  And  the  present 
call  to  agriculture  to  produce  even  greater  quantities  of 
essential  foods,  with  less  machinery  and  labor  with  which 
to  do  it,  still  further  increases  this  need  for  orderly,  low- 
cost  marketing. 

For  more  than  82  years,  A  &  P  has  consistently  been  cut¬ 
ting  out  every  possible  waste,  every  unnecessary  in-be¬ 
tween  step,  every  needless  cost  in  distribution.  Since  it 
was  established  17  years  ago,  Atlantic  Commission  Com¬ 
pany  has  been  furthering  this  policy  in  the  distribution  of 
fresh  fruits  and  vegetables. 

As  a  result,  we  are  now  able  to  pass  back  to  producers  of 
fresh  fruits  and  vegetables  a  share  of  the  retail  dollar 
substantially  greater  than  the  national  average,  totaling 
in  some  instances  as  much  as  86  per  cent. 

Efficient  distribution  today  means  that  millions  of  people 
*  working  on  the  home  front  can  buy  more  of  the  good 
food  American  farmers  are  producing — foods  rich  in  the 
vitamins  that  build  national  health  and  morale.  Such 
straight-line  marketing  helps  farmers  keep  food  supplies 
rolling  .  .  .  providing  strength  to  keep  factory  machines 
humming,  and  turning  out  the  ever-growing  volume  of 
weapons  with  which  the  victory  will  be  won. 


NOW  THE  MACHINERY  WORKS 

A&P’s  and  Atlantic  Commission  Company’s  economies  in 
distribution  are  made  by  cutting  out  unnecessary  handling 
operations  and  costs.  They  are  achieved  by  sitting  down 
with  producers  and  working  out  better  grading  and  pack¬ 
ing  methods  ...  by  studying  and  improving  handling  and 
shipping  methods,  to  reduce  damage  and  spoilage  of  per¬ 
ishables  ...  by  getting  foods  as  directly  as  possible  from 
farm  to  store  ....  and  by  selling  in  large-volume,  modern 
super  markets. 

The  result?  Now,  when  efficient  distribution  is  needed 
most,  A&P  is  doing  the  most  effective  job  in  its  82-year 
history  ....  for  A&P  and  Atlantic  Commission  Company 
are  now  moving  foods  from  farm  to  dinner  table  at  the 
lowest  gross  margin  of  profit  in  the  entire  history  of  the 
grocery  business. 


Atlantic  Commission  Company 

Affiliate  of 

THE  GREAT  ATLANTIC  &  PACIFIC  TEA  CO. 


LADINO 

How  much  ladino  clover  should  I  seed 
per  acre? 

The  amount  of  ladino  clover  seed  to 
be  sown  to  the  acre  is  small  compared 
to  the  ordinary  clovers  or  alfalfa.  There 
are  nearly  four  times  as  many  seeds 
per  pound  in  ladino  clover  as  in  alfalfa 
or  red  clover.  The  plant  reproduces  by 
runners  like  strawberry  plants  or  wild 
white  clover,  and  roots  at  the  nodes  so 
that  one  plant  spreads  over  quite  an 
area.  Our  general  recommendation  is 
one  pound  per  acre  in  addition  to  the 
regular  seeding  of  red  and  alsike  clov¬ 
er.  In  poultry  range  mixtures  and  dry 
land  mixtures,  we  suggest  two  pounds 
to  the  acre. 

The  prevailing  price  apparently  is 
about  85  cents.  Earlier  in  the  season, 
I  have  heard  prices  quoted  from  75 
cents  to  one  dollar  per  pound. 

Ladino  clover  may  be  seeded  in  the 
spring  with  spring  grains,  or  it  may 
be  scattered  on  the  surface  of  the 
ground  in  late  March  in  wheat> 

— R.  B.  C. 

—  A.  A. — 

NEW  CORN 

In  a  recent  issue  you  mentioned  the 
new  29-5  hybrid  corn.  Can  you  tell  me 
more  about  this? 

29-5  corn  is  recommended  for  silage 
purposes  where  the  elevation  is  900 
feet  or  less.  It  grows  from  8  to  12 
inches  taller  than  29-3,  and  matures 
from  10  to  14  days  later. 

— a.  a. — 

GRASS  SILAGE 

Putting  grass  in  the  silo  helps  solve 
several  problems.  It  can  be  put  in 
during  unfavorable  hay  weather;  it 
helps  labor  distribution;  and  it  makes 
an  excellent  succulent  feed  for  the 
dairy  herd. 

It  takes  more  power  to  elevate  grass 
silage  than  it  does  corn  silage.  Care 
should  be  taken  that  the  cutter  is  set 
up  with  the  blower  pipe  verticle.  Dull 
knives  on  the  cutter  may  take  50% 
more  power  than  sharp  knives.  Sharp¬ 
en  them  every  half  day  while  using. 

A  preservative,  either  molasses  or 
phosphorus  acid,  is  usually  added  but 
where  the  crop  is  mainly  grasses,  (not 
legumes),  it  CAN  be  put  in  the  silo 
without  a  preservative.  Where  the 
crop  is  a  legume  or  contains  a  heavy 
portion  of  legumes,  the  use  of  a  pre¬ 
servative  can  be  avoided  by  using  ap¬ 
proximately  equal  amounts  of  legumes 
and  growing  grain,  such  as  winter 
barley,  rye  or  wheat,  that  has  reached 
the  dough  stage. 

The  usual  rates  recommended  for 
preservatives  are: 

AMOUNT  OF  PRESERVATIVES  PER 
TON  OF  SILAGE 

CROP  MOLASSES  68%  PH0S.  ACID 

Immature  cereals—  40  lbs.  (3%  gals.)  9  lbs.  (2  4/5  qts.) 

Mature  grasses _ 40  lbs.  (3'/2  gals.)  9  lbs.  (2  4/5  qts.) 

Immature  grasses.  50  lbs.  (4‘A  gals.)  12  lbs.  (3%  qts.) 
Legumes  mixed  with 

grasses  or  cereals  60  lbs.  (5  gals.)  14  lbs.  (4  2/5  qts.) 

Mature  legumes _ 70  lbs.  (6  gals.)  16  lbs.  (5  qts.) 

Immature  legumes.  80  lbs.  (7  gals.)  18  lbs.  (5  3/5  qts.) 

< 

—  A.  A. — 

SILO  CARE—  On  many  farms, 
wood  stave  silos  have  given  long 
service.  To  get  this  service,  the  two 
important  things  to  watch  are:  keep 
the  hoops  tight,  and  have  at  least  three 
guy  wires  to  keep  the  silo  perpendicu¬ 
lar.  Anchor  guy  wires  securely,  and 
be  sure  that  the  angle  between  each 
guy  wire  and  the  silo  is  not  less  than 
30  degrees.  That  is,  the  distance  from 
the  bottom  of  the  silo  to  where  the 
guy  wire  is  anchored  should  not  be 
less  than  7"  for  each  foot  of  height  of 
the  silo. 


SPARK  PLUGS 


SAVE  GAS 


U.S.A. 

efyeneji  <hcYOU 


1 


Today,  your  products  are  needed 
more  than  ever.  One  sure  way  to  meet 
this  need  is  to  keep  your  machinery 
in  tiptop  working  order.  That  in¬ 
cludes  spark  plugs,  because  dirty  or 
worn  spark  plugs  seriously  cut  engine 
efficiency,  slow  up  production,  waste 
as  much  as  one  gallon  of  fuel  in  ten. 
Be  on  the  alert!  Follow  these  two 
simple  rules — 

1.  Have  your  spark  plugs  cleaned  and 
adjusted  every  4,000  miles,  or  every 
200  hours. 

2.  Replace  badly  worn  plugs  promptly. 


As  a  direct  result  of  making  special 
spark  plugs  for  U.  S.  fighting  and 
bombing  planes,  AC  now  produces 
sturdier,  faster  cooling,  easier  firing, 
and  longer  lasting  spark  plugs  for 
tractors,  trucks,  and  stationary  en¬ 
gines.  Thus,  the  quality  which  makes 
AC  plugs  standard  factory  equipment 
on  more  new  cars  and  trucks  than  any 
other  make  is  better  than  ever. 

Have  your  spark  plugs  cleaned  reg¬ 
ularly.  Replace  badly 
worn  or  broken  plugs 
with  new  AC’s.  "Keep 
’em  flying.” 

Get  Plugs  Cleaned 
Where  You  See  This  Sign 


CHARLES  INGRAHAM, 

Batavia,  New  York. 

Field  Representative  in  Genesee  County 
for  American  Agriculturist. 

American  Agriculturist  is  dedicated  to  an 
“all  out  war  effort.”  Each  issue  of  the 
paper  helps  men  and  women  to  do  a  better 
job  on  the  farm  front. 

About  his  work,  Mr.  Ingraham  says: 
“Every  day  of  my  life  I  thank  the  American 
Agriculturist  for  providing  the  work  that 
has  enabled  me  to  support  my  family  while 
at  the  same  time  regaining  a  degree  of 
health  that  would  have  been  impossible  m 
most  any  other  line  of  employment.” 

If  you  would  like  to  join  our  field  force 
and  work  in  the  plans  of  ‘‘more  food  for 
freedom,”  write  me 

E.  C.  Weatherby,  Secretary, 
AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST, 
Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N. 


An  erican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


21  (215) 


Lousy  hens  are  poor 
payers.  You  can’t  afford 
to  feed  lice.  Use  “Black 
Leaf  40”  with  our“Cap- 
Brush”  applicator.  It  is 
quick  —  easy —  and  eco¬ 
nomical.  Saves  time  and  money. 


WHEN  HENS 
ARE  LOUSY.. 


FEATHER  MITES,  TOO 

Where  feather  mites  are  a  problem 
they  can  also  be  controlled  with 
“Black  Leaf  40.”  Full  direc¬ 
tions  on  the  package.  Ask 
your  dealer.  4117 

Insist  on  Original  Factory 
Sealed  Packages  for 
Full  Strength 

TOBACCO  BY-PRODUCTS  & 

CHEMICAL  CORP.,  INCORPO¬ 
RATED  •  LOUISVILLE,  KENTUCKY 


LOOK  FOR  THE  LEAF  ON  THE  PACKAGE 


yiCTORY 
BUY 

UNITED 
STATES 
DEFENSE 

BONDS 
STAMPS 


FREE! 


This  book¬ 
let  shows 
how  to  build 
modern,  i  m- 
proved-type 
poultry  houses 
for  all  climates. 
Shows  structural 
details. 


Housing  your  hens  in  a  comfortable,  sani¬ 
tary,  rat-proof  concrete  poultry  house  is  a 
good  way  to  insure  bigger  egg  production. 
When  built  of  concrete  a  poultry  house  will 
last  a  lifetime  and  its  modest  first  cost  will 
be  practically  the  last. 

Long-lasting  concrete  is  the  thrifty  ma¬ 
terial  for  feeding  floors,  dairy  barn  floors, 
milk  houses,  foundations,  grain  storages, 
manure  pits,  water  tanks — improvements 
that  help  you  farm  more  efficiently  and  raise 
more  eggs  and  other  essential  foodstuffs. 


Send  today  for  “how  to  build”  booklets. 
You  can  build  with  concrete,  or  ask  your 
cement  dealer  to  name  a  concrete  contractor. 


BUY  DEFENSE  STAMPS  AND  BONDS 
SUPPORT  THE  RED  CROSS 


Paste  on  penny  postal  and  mail 


PORTLAND  CEMENT  ASSOCIATION  J 

Dept.  K3d-1,  347  Madison  Ave.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

□  Please  send  me  free  booklet,  “Improved  I 
Poultry  Housing  with  Concrete.” 

□  Also  booklet  on. _  | 

(name  other  improvements  such  as  feeding 
floors,  milk  house,  dairy  barn  floors,  cto.) 

Name _ .j 

P  O - - - R.R.No _ _  { 

State _ I 

■ — _ _ ;::.j 


BUY  CHICKS 
BY  GRADE 

By  L.  E.  WEAVER. 

DID  YOU  ever  hear  of  Grade  B 
chicks  ?  I  don’t  believe  I  ever  did. 
I’ve  read  of  Grades  A,  AA,  AAA,  and 
AAAA  all  in  the  same  catalog,  but  no 
Grade  B.  Of  course,  there’s  a  reason. 
It  is  bad  psychology  for  any  one  to  ad¬ 
mit  that  any  of  his  chicks  could  be 
rated  as  second  class,  and  that  is  what 
Grade  B  implies.  All  chicks,  to  their 
producer,  are  top  grade,  but  some  are 

“topper”  than  oth- 
e  r  s.  Therefore 
most  chick  produc¬ 
ers  choose  various 
names  to  denote 
their  different 
grades.  Questions 
arise  in  the  mind 
of  a  would-be  pur¬ 
chaser.  Do  these 
grade  names  mean 
anything?  If  so, 
what  do  they 
mean?  Finally, 
which  is  the  best 
grade  for  me  to 
buy?  Let  us  try 
to  answer  these 
questions. 

Yes,  grade  names 
do  mean  something 
as  a  rule.  The  time  has  gone  by  when 
a  man  can  stay  long  in  business,  who 
advertises  a  number  of  grades  at  dif¬ 
ferent  prices,  and  then  takes  all  grades 
out  of  the  same  tray  of  chicks.  We 
can  be  sure  that  the  old  line  hatcheries 
that  have  been  advertising  & or  years 
are  not  putting  over  anything  of  that 
sort. 

There  are  two  sets  of  grade  names— 
the  official  and  the  unofficial.  Behind 
the  official  grades  stands  the  National 
Poultry  Improvement  Plan,  which  is 
supported  and  administered  by  the 
U.  S.  government.  It  is  an  optional 
plan.  Any  reputable  producer  of 
chicks  may  operate  under  the  plan, 
but  no  one  is  obliged  to  do  so.  Many 
excellent  breeders  and  hatcherymen 
have  found  it  to  their  advantage  not  to 
come  under  the  plan.  These  independ¬ 
ent  operators  may  have  their  own 
named  grades.  Often,  however,  they 
put  all  their  chicks  into  a  single  grade. 

What  the  Grades  Mean 

The  letters  U.  S.  or  U.  S.-N.  Y.  be¬ 
fore  a  grade  name  mean  that  the 
chicks  are  produced  under  official  su¬ 
pervision  of  the  National  Plan.  How¬ 
ever,  it  does  not  mean  that  a  govern¬ 
ment  inspector  is  at  the  hatchery  to 
see  every  chick  taken  from  the  in¬ 
cubator.  There  are  four  official  grades 
and  the  different  names  indicate  the 
extent  of  the  supervision  and  the  care 
with  which  the  parent  stock  was  select¬ 
ed.  Starting  with  the  lowest  grade 
the  official  grades  are: 

17.  8.  Approved. — The  hatchery  own¬ 
er  or  a  trained  employee  selects  the 
hens  and  males  that  are  mated  to  pro¬ 
duce  approved  chicks.  They  are  select¬ 
ed  by  physical  appearance — no  trap- 
nest  records.  The  inspector  from  the 
state  agency  which  administers  the 
plan  visits  each  flock  'and  either  ap¬ 
proves  it  or  makes  the  owner  do  a 
better  job  of  selection. 

U.  S.  Verified.- — In  this  grade  the 
hens  are  selected  exactly  as  in  the 
Approved  grade.  The  males  are  select¬ 
ed  more  carefully.  All  males  are  from 
hens  that  have  official  trapnest  egg 
records  of  200  eggs  or  more,  and 
weighing  2  ounces  or  more. 

U.  S.  Certified. — The  only  difference 
between  Certified  and  Verified  chicks 
is  that  we  know  the  actual  number  of 
eggs  laid  by  the  mothers  of  the  males 
used  in  Certified  pens. 

U.  S.  Record  of  Performance  (R.O.P) 
— The  mothers  of  R.O.P.  chicks  have 
( Continued  on  Page  22) 


L.  E.  Weaver 


DID  you  KNOW  THAT .  . 


VjOOME-MIXED  FEEDS  ALMOST 
/ALWAYS  LACK  ONE  OR  MORE 
OF  THE  VITAMINS,  MINERALS 
OR  AMINO  ACIDS  NEEDED 
FOR  TOP  PRODUCTION 


nYVD/AJVA  ' 

Alfalfa  weal  may  lose 

60%  OR  WORE  OF  ITS 

vitamin  A  activity 

DURING  AVERAGE 
STORAGE  AND  TRANSIT 
BEFORE  BEING  MIXED 
IN  FEED  / 

BE  SURE  YOU  6ET  A  NOPCO 
O/L  / M  ALL  FEEDS  / 


AEC  U  S  PAT  Qtf 


NATIONAL  OIL  PRODUCTS  COMPANY  •  HARRISON,  N.  J, 


T.  B.  C. 


"By  having  my  feed  made 
with  Borden’s  Flaydry-D 
or  Ration-ayd.  Both  products 
have  essential  nutritive  factors 
from  milk  plus  Vitamin  D  to 
help  me  grow  fast.” 


7*,  tx  SPECIAL  PRODUCTS  DIVISION 

350  MADISON  AVE.,  •  NEW  YORK ,  N.  Y. 

Concentrators  of  Milk  Solids  —  Manufacturers  of 
Vitamins  for  Poultry  and  Livestock 


Protect  CHICKS  for  LIFE 
with  WENE  LICENSED  VACCINES 


AGAINST  POX  ...3/4<  PER  BIRD 
TRACHEITIS... 2.  <  PER  BIRD 

INSURE  YOUR  FLOCK  at  a  cost 
Less  Than  a  Single  Egg  Per  Bird.  VAC- 
CINATE  at  proper  age  with  Wene 
Chick  Embryo  Origin  Vaccines  (U.  S. 

Veterinary  License  No.  209).  Fowl 
Tracheitis  Vaccine:  100  doses  $2.50; 

500  doses,  $10.  Fowl  Pox  Vaccine:  100  doses,  75c;  500  doses, 
$3.  FREE  BOOK  on  poultry  diseases  —  send  postcard. 
Attractive  proposition  for  dealers. 

Wene  Poultry  Laboratories,  Dept.V-C4a  Vineland,  N.  J. 


Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


If  Ruptured 
Try  This  Out 


Modern  Protection  Provides  Great 
Comfort  and  Holding  Security. 

Without  Tortuous  Truss  Wearing: 


An  “eye-opening”  revelation  in 
sensible  and  comfortable  reducible 
rupture  protection  may  be  yours  for 
the  asking,  without  cost  or  obliga¬ 
tion.  Simply  send  name  and  address 
to  William  S.  Rice,  Inc.,  Dept.  71-B, 
Adams,  N.  Y.,  and  full  details  of 
the  new  and  different  Rice  Method 
will  be  sent  you  Free.  Without  hard 
flesh-gouging  pads  or  tormenting 
pressure,  here’s  a  Support  that  has 
brought  joy  and  comfort  to  thou¬ 
sands  —  by  releasing  them  from 
Trusses  with  springs  and  straps  that 
bind  and  cut.  Designed  to  securely 
hold  a  rupture  up  and  in  where  it 
belongs  and  yet  give  freedom  of  body 
and  genuine  comfort.  For  full  in¬ 
formation — write  today ! 


Dry-Cleaned  Egg  Brushes 

Clean  your  eggs  with  a  dry-cleaning  brush.  Do  not 
wash  for  more  profit  and  better  quality.  35c  postpaid. 

F.  A.  LICK,  MFG.,  LOCKE,  NEW  YORK. 


sSS «*■**“ 


SAVE  MONEY  AND  LABOR 


With  This  New  Balanced  Supplement 


ALL-IN-ONE  Fill  your  birds’ 
grinding  and  shell-making 
needs  completely  with 
LIMEROLL.  Limestone 
particles,  Roll-Crush  In¬ 
soluble  Granite  Grit,  and 
calcium  flour,  are  blended 
into  one  balanced  supple¬ 
ment. 

BALANCED  LIMEROLL  has 
correct  balance  between  an 
,  insoluble  grinding  agent  and 

_  calcium  to  make  shells,  build 

bone.  Controlled  calcium  in¬ 
take,  which  is  only  available  in 
LIMEROLL,  prevents  over-con¬ 
sumption  of  calcium,  and  gives 
seasonal  control  of  calcium  in¬ 
take,  important  for  uniform  egg 
quality. 

ASK  YOUR  DEALER  FOR  LIMEROLL 

LIMEROLL  is  made  by  the  men  who  have  manufactured  Roll-Crush 
Insoluble  Granite  Grit  for  a  number  of  years. 


SAVE  LABOR  Only  one  grit 
or  shell  supplement  to  buy, 
store,  and  feed.  Count  the 
steps  you  save. 

SAVE  DOLLARS  Notice  the 
dust  in  your  shell  hoppers. 
About  15%  dust  and  off- 
sized  particles  in  every  bag 
of  better  grade  oyster 
shells;  dust  increases  as 
birds  eat  the  shell.  No 
waste  with  LIMEROLL. 

A  COMPLETE  Birds  like  its 
REPLACEMENT 

eat  too  much.  For  growing  birds, 
layers,  breeders,  turkeys.  Feed 
Roll-Crush  Insoluble  Granite  Grit 
to  your  chicks.  Start  now  to  save 
money  and  labor. 


y 


(216)  22 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  ? larch  28,  1942 


i 


1 


OUR  GUARANTEE.  You  need  have  no  hesitation  in  sending  money  to  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  baby  chick  advertisers.  If  they  fail  to  send  the  chicks  to  you, 
your  money  will  be  refunded.  We  require  every  advertiser  to  stand  back  of  statements  made  in  the  advertise’ment.  Obviously  no  one  can  guarantee  that  chicks  will 
live.  To  take  advantage  of  our  guarantee  it  is  necessary,  when  writing  advertisers,  to  say,  “I  saw  your  advertisement  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST.” 


JUNIATA  LEGHORNS 


Our  28th  year  of  breeding  JUNIATA  LEGHORNS.  Our 
foundation  Breeders  direct  from  TOM  BARRON.  They  are 
large  birds  and  bred  for  eggs  and  more  eggs.  Before  order¬ 
ing  your  chicks  be  sure  to  write  us  for  our  large  Circular  showing  pictures  of  our  farm  and  breeders — a 
postal  card  will  bring  this  to  you.  Prices  exceptionally  low.  Day  Old  Pullets  a  specialty.  Write  NOW. 


JUNIATA  POULTRY  FARIVi 


Box  A, 


RICHFIELD,  PENN. 


Danger  of  Disease 

Among  Baby  Chicks 

Success  in  raising  Baby  Chicks  de¬ 
pends  largely  upon  proper  care  and 
management.  Readers  are  warned  to 
exercise  every  sanitary  precaution  and 
beware  of  infection  in  the  drinking 
water.  Baby  Chicks  must  have  a  gen¬ 
erous  supply  of  pure  water.  Drinking 
vessels  harbor  germs.  Drinking  water 
often  becomes  infected  with  disease 
germs  and  may  spread  disease  through 
your  flock  before  you  are  aware.  Use 
preventive  methods — use  Walko  Tab¬ 
lets.  For  over  forty  years  thousands 
of  poultry  raisers  have  depended  upon 
them.  You,  too,  can  rely  on  Walko 
Tablets  as  a  valuable  antiseptic  to  aid 
in  preventing  the  spread  of  disease 
through  contaminated  drinking  water. 

Remarkable  Results  Raising 
Baby  Chicks 

“Gentlemen:  I  have  been  using 

Walko  Tablets  for  35  years  with  splen¬ 
did  results.  I  would  not  think  of  try¬ 
ing  to  raise  Baby  Chicks  without  them. 
I  also  use  them  for  my  grown  birds 
with  the  sajne  satisfaction.” — Mrs.  C. 
M.  Bradshaw,  Diagonal,  Iowa. 


You  Run  No  Risk 

Buy  a  package  of  Walko  Tablets  to¬ 
day  at  your  druggist  or  poultry  supply 
dealer.  Use  them  in  the  drinking  water 
to  aid  in  preventing  the  spread  of 
disease  through  contaminated  water. 
Satisfy  yourself  as  have  thousands  of 
others  who  depend  upon  Walko  Tablets 
year  after  year  in  raising  their  baby 
chicks.  You  buy  Walko  Tablets  at  our 
risk.  We  guarantee  to  refund  your 
money  promptly  if  you  are  not  entire¬ 
ly  satisfied  with  results.  The  Waterloo 
Savings  Bank,  the  oldest  and  strongest 
bank  in  Waterloo,  Iowa,  stands  back 
of  our  guarantee.  Sent  direct  postpaid 
if  your  dealer  cannot  supply  you.  Price 
50c,  $1.00,  $2.50  and  $4.00. 


Walker  Remedy  Company 
Dept.  404,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 


MovingO 


If  YOU  ARE,  you 
will  want  the  address  on 
your  paper  changed.  On  I 
a  postal  card  or  by  letter 
write  us  your  old  and 
your  new  address. 

CIRCULATION  DEPARTMENT, 

10  North  Cherry  St..  Poughkeepsie,  N  Y 


U.  S.  APPROVED  PROFIT-MAKERS 


State  inspectors  have  approved  the  health  and 
production  qualities  of  our  stock.  Every  breeder, 
male  and  female,  has  been  officially  bloodtested 
for  pulloruni  disease  (B.W.D.).  When  you  buy 
Sunnybrook  U.  S.  Approved  Chicks  you  are  as¬ 
sured  of  healthy,  vigorous  birds. 

ALL  POPULAR  BREEDS 

White  Leghorns  New  Hampshires 

White  and  Barred  Rocks  Cross  Breeds 

R.  I.  Reds  Sexed  Pullets  and  Cockerels 

Started  Chicks  Our  Specialty 

SEXED  PULLETS  BREEDS 

We  hatch  every  week  in  the  year  and  are  always 
able  to  supply  sexed  pullets  and  cockerels — guar¬ 
anteed  95%  true  to  sex. 

95%  Livability  Guaranteed  Up  To 
Three  Weeks. 

Our  livability  Guarantee  is  only  the  beginning. 
This  hardy  Northern-grown  stock  will  give  you 
low  mortality  throughout.  Early  maturity  and 
high  average  flock  production  are  other  qualities 
that  we  have  bred  into  Sunnybrook  strain  during 
our  22  years  An  business. 

Write  Today  for  Catalog  and  Prices 

SUNNYBROOK  POULTRY  FARM 

A.  HOWARD  F1NGAR,  Owner  and  Mgr. 

BOX  A,  HUDSON,  NEW  YORK 


chick  EDEEI 
almanac  rltCE. 

115  pictures,  33  articles; 
lowest  prices  leading  breeds  chicks, 
also  day-old  pullets,  males  and  hybrids. 
World’s  largest  chick  producer.  COLONIAL 
POULTRY  FARMS,  Box 653,  Marion,  Ohio. 


c  S.  C.  White  Leghorns,  New  Hampshires 
LnlLIV J  an(j  ]}arrecj  Rocks,  10c;  C'orni-Rocks.  12c; 
Sexed  Leghorn  Pullets,  15c.  Guar.  95%.  All  State 
Blood  Tested  and  Supervised  Flocks.  Circular  FREE. 

E.  L.  BEAVER,  Box  A,  McALISTE R  V I  LLE.  PA. 


rtUIPUC  TOM  BARRON  WHITE  LEGHORNS. 
LnllflO  HIGHEST  QUALITY.  LOWEST  PRICES 
TOM  BARRON  LEG.  FARM.  Box  A,  R I CH  F I E LD.  PA. 


DAY  OLD  AND  STARTED  CHICKS.  Bloodtested 
Breeders.  Write  for  our  1942  prices.  Prompt  shipment. 

ROSELAWN  CHICK  FARM,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


rmrvc.  TOM  BARRON  WHITE  LEGHORNS. 
UniLIVO.  SURPRISINGLY  LOW  PRICES. 
WHITE  LEGHORN  FARMS,  Box  A,  RICHFIELD.  PA. 


FQ&yiCTORY 
BUY 

UNITED 
STATES 
DEFENSE 

BONDS 
STAMPS 


BUY  CHICKS  BY  GRADE 

( Continued  from  Page  21) 
been  trapnested  for  a  full  year,  and 
have  laid  at  least  200  eggs  averaging 
2  ounces  each.  An  inspector  has  made 
six  or  more  unannounced  visits  to  the 
flock  and  has  vouched  for  the  accur¬ 
acy  of  the  records.  The  sires  are  sons 
of  hens  that  laid  225  eggs  or  more  in 
their  first  year.  It  is  evident  that 
R.O.P.  chicks  cannot  be  produced  from 
pullet  mothers. 

U.  S.  Record  of  Merit  (R.O.M.)  is 
the  highest  grade.  Both  the  sires  and 
dams  of  these  chicks  are  selected  be¬ 
cause  of  their  outstanding  family  con¬ 
nections.  Almost  no  chicks  of  this 
grade  are  available. 

In  unofficial  grading  of  chicks,  Grade 
AAAA  would  probably  come  from 
mothers  with  first  year  records  of  275- 
300  eggs,  Grade  AAA  from  mothers 
with  records  between  225-275.  Grade 
AA  from  175-225  mothers.  Grade  A 
all  others.  These  are  usually  non-offi¬ 
cial  records,  hut  dependable  to  the  ex¬ 
tent  of  the  integrity  of  the  breeder. 
Here  also  the  higher  grade  chicks  will 
of  necessity  come  from  mothers  •  in 
their  second  or  later  years. 

The  Best  Buy 

For  the  production  of  market  eggs 
in  profitable  numbers  it  is  not  neces¬ 
sary  to  have  pullets  grown  from  the 
very  high  grades  of  chicks.  Grade  A 
chicks  or  Approved  chicks  are  the  best 
bet,  I  believe,  for  the  average  poultry 
keeper.  The  R.O.P.  and  AAAA  grades 
are  for  those  few  individuals  who  are 
starting  breeding  flocks  of  their  own, 
and  want  to  build  on  the  best  possible 
foundation. 

*  *  ❖ 

Start  Chicks  When  the 
Grass  Shows  Green 

The  best  time  for  the  farm  flock 
owner  to  start  chicks  is  April  first. 
That  was  the  conclusion  of  Dr.  Card 
twenty-five  years  ago  when  he  hatched 
and  grew  chicks  every  month  in  the 
year.  It  is  still  the  opinion  of  success¬ 
ful  farmers  who  keep  a  good-sized 
flock  of  poultry  as  a  side  line.  The 
large-scale  commercial  poultry  man 
finds  his  greatest  returns  from  pullets 
hatched  in  January  or  February. 

April  chicks  will  be  laying  well  by 
October,  and  not  many  of  them  will 
go  through  a  winter  molt  if  they  are 
well  cared  for  and  lighted.  Earlier 
pullets  are  more  likely  to  molt.  Pul¬ 
lets  started  in  April  lay  more  large 
eggs  than  pullets  hatched  at  other 
seasons.  June-hatched  pullets  lay  the 
most  small  eggs. 

April  chicks  require  less  fuel  for 


Lawrence  Collins  of  Burke,  New  York, 
had  to  use  a  heavy  chain  and  a  jack  in 
order  to  bend  the  boiler  plate  into  the 
shape  ot  this  tub.  But  after  it  was  ac¬ 
complished  and  end  pieces  of  the  same 
material  were  welded  in,  he  had  a  manure 
cart  that  will  last  a  long  time,  and  yet  it 
cost  him  only  $6.50. 


Mass.  State  Pullorum 
TESTED  BREEDERS 

Maintained  on  Our  Own  300  Acre  Farm. 

98%  LIVABILITY  GUARANTEED 
on  CHICKS  FIRST  4  WEEKS 

This  year,  when  the  need  for  food  is  so  urgent,  buy 
Chicks  that  are  INSURED  to  live.  For  the  I3th  year, 
we  Guarantee  98%  Livability  on  all  Champion. 
Grade-A  and  Grade-B  Chicks.  Only  chicks  of  excep¬ 
tional  vitality  and  hardihood  could  be  so  guaranteed. 
Delighted  customers  are  continually  reporting 
3-Lb.  Broilers  at  10  Weeks 
50%  Production  of  24-oz.  Eggs  from  6-month  Pullets. 
RHODE  ISLAND  REDS— -Our  original  strain. 

State  Contest  Records  up  to  334  Eggs. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRES — Blend  of  foremost  New 
England  strains,  selected  for  two  years. 
ROCK-RED  CROSS— For  Barred  Broilers 
and  Roasters. 

RED-ROCK  SEX  LINK  CROSS— For  Dark  Pullets. 

BARRED  COCKERELS.  Sex  Separated. 
BARRED  ROCKS — Backed  by  high  egg  records. 
WHITE  LEGHORNS — Large  type,  large  eggs. 
SEXED  CHICKS — 95%  Accuracy  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  Free  Catalog  and  Price  List. 

REDBSRD  FARM  •Wrentham,  Mass. 

World’s  Largest  R.  I.  Red  Breeding  Farm. 

in  — 


FARM!  CHICK/B 


All  Breeders  carefully  culled  & 

Blood  Tested.  Order  direct  from 
ad.  or  write  for  our  new  catalog. 
Satisfaction  and  safe  arrival  guaranteed. 


Shipments  Mon.  &  Thurs. —  Unsex’d  Pul’ts  C’k’ls 

Will  Ship  C.O.D.  100  100  100 

White  or  Brown  Leghorns - $9.00  $16.00  $3.50 

Black  or  Buff  Leg. ,  Anconas _  9.50  17.00  4.50 

Bar.  White  or  Buff  Rocks _  9.50  13.00  8.50 

Wh.  Wyand.  R.  I.  Reds.  N.  Hamps.  9.50  13.00  8.00 

Red-Rocks,  Rock-Red  Cross -  9.50  13.00  9.50 

SPECIAL  GRADE  A  MATINGS 

White  &  Black  Leghorns _ _T2.00  20.00  4.50 

Bar.  Rocks  &  New  Hampshires _ 13.50  17.00  11.00 

Sexing  guaranteed  95%  correct.  Our  21st  year. 

ULSH  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A,  Port  Trevorton,  Pa. 


NACE’S  QUALITY  CHICKS 


We  pay  postage.  Safe  delivery  guaranteed. 


HANSON  OR  ENGLISH  LARGE  100  100  100 

TYPE  WHITE  LEGHORNS  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls 

R. O.P.  SIRED  _ $9.00  $16.00  $2.00 

S.  C.  Everpay  Br.  Leghorns _  9.00  16.00  2.00 

Bar.  and  White  Rocks -  10.00  14.00  7.00 

N.  II.  and  R.  I.  Reds. . . 10.00  14.00  7.00 

Wh.  Wyand.  and  Buff  Orps -  1 1 .00  1 5.00  8.00 

Heavy  Mixed  _  8.00  10.00  6.00 

From  Free  range  Flocks.  Sexed  Pullets  Guar.  95% 


accurate.  Order  from  ad  or  write  for  Catalog. 

J.  N.  NACE  POULTRY  FARM  &  HATCHERY. 
Box  A,  RICHFIELD,  PENNSYLVANIA. 


BNW0M  mom- 

CHICKS 


Your  Chicks  MUST  be  good  this  year! 
Don’t  take  chances.  Clauser  chicks  are  from 
large  size,  heavy  production  Barron  English  S.  C.  W. 
Leghorns.  Hens  weigh  up  to  7  lbs.  Mated  with  R.O.P. 
Pedigreed  Cockerels.  Extra  quality  chicks  from  Blood-test¬ 
ed  healthy,  vigorous  selected  stock.  Straight  run,  sexed 
pullets  or  cockerels.  Write  for  price  list  and  catalog. 

Robert  L.  Clauser  Kleinfeltersville.  Pa. 


STONEY  RUN  CHICKS 

Cash  or  C.O.D.  100%  live  STR.  PITTS.  CKLS. 

Delivery  Guaranteed.  100  100  100 

English  White  Leghorns - - — $  9.00  $16.00  $3.00 

DIRECT  HANSON  WH.  LEGHORNS  1 1.00  18.00  4.00 

Bar.  Wh.  Rocks  &  R.  I.  Reds - 10.00  12.00  9.00 

Special  N.  H.  Reds - 13.00  17.00  10.00 

Write  for  our  1942  Catalog  for  details  of  our  15  yrs. 
breeding  program  that  makes  more  money  for  our  large 
family  of  Poultry  Raisers.  All  Breeders  Bloodtested. 
RESERVE  Your  Chicks  Today. 

STONEY  RUN  HATCHERY, 

H.  M.  Leister,  Owner,  Box  A,  McALISTERVILLE,  PA. 


WHITE  LEGHORN  CHICKS 

Hatched  from  26  to  30  oz.  eggs  only.  State  Certified 
hen  breeders  mated  to  R.  0.  P.  males  from  dams 
with  250  egg  records.  Pullorum  controlled  —  no 
reactors.  Heaw  Producing  Strain.  Circular  Free. 

J.  D.  CHAMBERLIN,  Box  A,  CRANBURY,  N.  J. 


R.  C.  ANCONAS, 


Eggs  'and  Chicks.  GEORGE 
FAIRBANK.  McGraw.  N.  Y. 


TURKEYS 

mini  ITV  Dfllll  TC  5  Best  Breeds.  Blood  Tested 
(JUHLI  I  I  lUUL  I  O  Breeders.  Priced  Reasonable. 
Circular.  SE  ID  ELTON  FARMS,  Washingtonville,  Pa. 


DUCKLINGS 


MAMMOTH  PEKINS,  $16.-100:  WHITE  RUNNERS, 
$15.-100.  HARRY  BURNHAM,  NO.  COLLINS,  N.  Y. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  194 


23  (217) 


OUR  GUARANTEE.  You  need  have  no  hesitation  in  sending  money  to  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  baby  chick  advertisers  If  they  fail  to  lend  the  ehlcki 
your  money  will  be  refunded.  We  require  every  advertiser  to  stand  back  of  statements  made  in  the  advertisement.  Obviously  no  one  can  guarantee  that  chicks 
live.  To  take  advantage  of  our  guarantee  it  is  necessary,  when  writing  advertisers,  to  say,  “I  saw  your  advertisement  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. ” 


to  you,  ] 

cks  will  |( 


‘X? 


HALL'S 

CHICKS 


A’,' 


$ 

$ 

$ 


In  spite  of  rising  feed  prices, 
you  can  still  keep  your  pro¬ 
duction  on  a  profitable  level — and  here's  how. .. 
Stretch  your  feed  dollars.  Let  Hall's  Chicks 
convert  your  feed  into  more  eggs  or  more 
pounds  of  meat — hence,  at  a  lower  feed  cost 
per  unit. 

Our  breeding  and  sanitation  program  assures 
you  of  receiving  vigorous,  healthy,  disease 
free  chicks  that  will  grow  rapidly  and  eco¬ 
nomically  and  produce  more  eggs  or  meat,  re¬ 
sulting  in  more  profits  for  you.  All  Hall 
Chicks  are  from  Pullorum  Free  Stock. 

Don't  be  misled  by  extrava¬ 
gant  claims.  Get  your  chicks 
from  a  source  that  has  speci¬ 
alized  in  producing  PROFIT¬ 
ABLE  CHICKS  for  over  thirty 
years.  Our  catalog  will  help 
you  decide  whose  chicks  are 
,  ,  .  ,  best.  SEND  FOR  YOUR 

AonfR  \  C0PY  T°nAY- 

*  ;  WELL  BRED  /mm  WELL  BREEDERS 


HALL  BROTHERS  HATCHERY ,  INC. 

BOX  59.  WALLINGFORD,  CONN. 


ILEMENTS 

HICKSH 


BROS. 

FARM5 


,  A  . 


kd  ■  I  ~  Clem-Cross 

lilbllw  scx-i  inked 
baby  pullets 
are  reaching  wide  popularity! 
because  of  their  profit- abilities. 

So  are  CLEMENTS’  Reds.  Barred  and  | _ 

White  Rocks  and  Clem-Rock  cross  chicks.  Bred  right. 
Maine-U.  S.  Pullorum  clean.  Catalog  tells  about  co¬ 
operative  savings  plan.  Write  today. 

CLEMENTS  BROS.  FARMS 
Box  24  Winterport,  Maine 


Introducing 

ROCK  REDCROSS-BRED 

Chicks  (from  the  best  of  both  breeds) 

— Excellent  for  broiler  raisers  or  egg 
State  tested,  pullorum  passed.  Same 


producers. 

careful  breeding  as  Douglaston  Manor  Farm  R.  I. 

Reds — long  famous  for  high  produc¬ 
tion.  livability,  early  matur¬ 
ity,  non -broodiness.  large 
body  and  egg  size.  Both  Reds 
and  Crossbreds  are  available 
Sexed  or  Straight  Run.  Write 
for  catalog  and  prices  todar! 
DOUGLASTON  MANOR  FARM.  R.D.I,  PULASKI,  N.Y. 


M  Keds“1 

Dqimon 


U.  S.  R.  0.  P.  Sired  Chicks 

White  Leghorns;  New  Hampshire  Reds: 
Barred  Rocks;  Rarred  Cross.  Bred  to 
live.  1110%  satisfaction  guaranteed. 
All  breeds  officially  bloodtested.  Chicks 
guaranteed  free  from  Pullorum. 

Write  for  Illustrated  Catalog. 

Van  Duzer  Poultry  Farm 

Box  A  Sugar  Loaf,  New  York 


CONTENT  FARMC 

“  s.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS  W 

For  past  3  years  our  pens  at  Central  N.  Y.  Laying 
Contest  have  led  all  pens  all  breeds  in  combined  pro¬ 
duction  and  livability.  We  had  high  Leghorn  pen  at 
Farntingdale  Contest  1941.  Order  now  for  1942  delivery. 
Write  today  for  advance  price  list  and  catalog. 
CONTENT  FARMS,  BOX  A,  CAMBRIDGE.  N.  Y. 


WHITE  LEGHORNS 

_ _  LARGE  TYPE  BREEDERS  MAT- 

BR.OOKSIDE  ED  WITH  hanson  r.  o.  p. 

oiyvwnaMw  PEDIGREED  COCKERELS 

■  rom  hens  with  records  of  300 
eggs  and  over.  Also  Barred  Rocks, 
White  Rocks  and  New  Hamp- 
shires.  Day  Old  and  Started  Chicks. 
4  week  old  Pullets.  Price  list  and  Booklet  Free. 

BROOKSIDE  POULTRY  FARM 

E.  C.  BROWN,  Prop..  Box  A.  Sergeantsville,  N.  J. 


BARRON 

LEGHORN 

CHICKS 


^  from  high  record  trapnested, 
bloodtested  stock;  imported  and 
bred  this  strain  for  27  years.  Sex- 
od  or  Ur. sexed  chicks.  Free  circular, 
A  DAVID  M.  HAMMOND, 

*  Rt  3,  Cortland.  N.  Y. 


brooding  than  earlier  chicks,  and  they 
can  do  without  heat  sooner.  Outdoor 
sunshine  and  tender  green  feed  are 
available  from  the  first  for  April 
chicks.  Later  chicks  have  many  early 
handicaps  that  April  chicks  avoid— 
overheated  brooders  by  day  and  lack 
of  heat  at  night,  increasing  swarms  of 
flies  and  other  insects,  grass  and  plants 
grown  tough. 

Start  the  farm-flock  chicks  when 
the  grass  shows  green. 

—a.  a. — 

The  Deceptive  Egg-Feed 

Some  people  are  concerned  because 
the  price  of  poultry  feed  has  been  ad¬ 
vancing.  The  fact  that  egg  prices  also 
have  been  higher  than  a  year  ago 
doesn’t  seem  to  keep  these  folks  from 
doing  a  certain  amount  of  worrying. 
Perhaps  it  will  contribute  to  their 
peace  of  mind  if  I  point  out  that  poul- 
trymen  make  more  money  when  prices 
are  high  than  when  prices  are  low, 
even  if  the  relationship  of  feed  prices 
to  egg  prices  remains  the  same.  Let 
me  illustrate. 

Assume  that  100  pullets  are  eating 
25  pounds  of  feed  a  day  and  laying  4 
dozen  eggs.  Assume,  also,  that  feed  is 
two  dollars  per  hundredweight  and 
eggs  25  cents  a  dozen.  Then  feed  goes 
to  three  dollars  a  hundred-weight  and 
eggs  to  37%  cents  per  dozen. 

In  both  cases,  8  dozen  eggs  are  re¬ 
quired  to  pay  for  100  pounds  of  feed 
($2.00  -r-  25  =  8;  $3.00  -f-  37.5  =  8). 
The  feed-egg  ratio  has  not  changed. 
But  notice  this: 

25  lbs.  feed  @  $2.00  =  50c  (cost  of 
feed  for  one  day) 

4  doz.  eggs  @  25c  —  $1.00  (value 

of  eggs  for  one  day) 

Profit  =  50c 

25  lbs.  feed  @  $3.00  =  75c  (cost  of 
feed  for  one  day) 

4  doz.  eggs  @  37  %c  =  $1.50  (value 
of  eggs  for  one  day) 

Profit  =  75c 

— L.  E.  Weaver. 

—  A.  A. — 

SCRATCH  FEED 

How  much  scratch  feed  do  100  hens 
need?  How  much  should  be  fed  in  the 
morning-  and  how  much  at  night? 

During  the  winter,  100  hens  will  need 
about  8  quai’ts  of  scratch  feed.  Feed 
2  quarts  in  the  morning  and  6  quarts 
at  night.  In  the  summer,  they  will 
need  less  scratch  feed.  It  is  not  safe, 
however,  to  follow  definite  amounts. 
Grain  needed,  will  depend  somewhat  on 
the  percentage  of  egg  production.  You 
should  always  feed  enough  grain  at 
night  so  the  hens  will  go  on  the  roosts 
with  full  crops  and  so  there  will  be 
enough  left  in  the  litter  for  them  to 
work  on  first  thing  in  the  morning. 
Heavy  grain  feeding  in  the  morning 
is  likely  to  cause  the  hens  to  cut  down 
on  the  amount  of  mash  they  eat. 

—  a.  a. — 

VITAMIN  SOURCES 

What  are  poultrymen  going  to  do  for 
vitamins  for  poultry  feed? 

The  situation  is  not  as  serious  as  you 
may  think.  True,  there  will  have  to 
be  some  adjustments  in  poultry  feeds. 
Vitamin  A  can  be  supplied  by  corn 
meal  and  alfalfa  meal,  and  vitamin  D 
by  a  product  with  the  rather  technical 
name  of  “D-activated  animal  sterol.” 

There  should  be  no  serious  trouble 
in  preparing  poultry  rations  that  will 
give  good  production. 


WENE  KO.R 

DENE  sired 


(HICKS 

BIG  SAVINGS  on  EARLY  ORDERS 

Wene  R.O.P.  Sired  chicks  insured  thru  first  14 -Day 
Danger  Period  —  any  loss  replaced  F  U  L  LY  without 
charge.  More  2-to-5-year-old  HEN  BREEDERS  head¬ 
ed  by  200  to  314  Egg  Official  Record  pedigreed  R.  0.  P. 
Sires  than  any  other  Eastern  plant.  U.S.N.J.  APPROV¬ 
ED.  Hatches  year ’round.  Capacity  1,800,000  eggs.  All 
popular  pure  or  crossbreeds.  BLOODTESTED.  Credit, 
if  desired.  Write  today  for  FREE  CATALOG-. 


ONE  of  EAST’S 
LARGEST 
PRODUCERS 

B  REEDS 

WENEcross  Hybrids: 

Leghorn-Minorcas 
Wyan-Rocks;  Bram- 
Rocks;  REDrocks, 
Leghorns  or  Wyan- 
dottes;  Barred  orWh. 
Rocks;  R.l.  Reds;  Bl 
or  Wh.  Giants;  New 
Hampshire  Reds 


WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  Dept.  C-4,  VINELAND,  N.  I. 


What  do  you  want 
in  a  chick? 


•  LOW  mortality,  quick,  even  growth,  high 
egg  production— these  features  so  outstand¬ 
ing  in  Kerr's  Lively  Chicks  bring  bigger 
profits  in  shorter  time.  For  34  years  Kerr 
Chickeries  has  bred  chicks  helped  by  lat¬ 
est  breeding  knowledge.  120,000  breeders 
blood-tested  annually  by  the  slow  tube 
agglutination  method.  240-acre 
breeding  farm.  All  popular 
breeds,  crosses  and  sexed 
White  Leghorns.  Write  today 
for  free  literature  and  advance 
order  discount  offer. 

KERR  CHICKERIES 

21  RAILROAD  AVE.,  FRENCHTOWN,  N.  J. 
There's  a  branch  office  near  you— call  today 

NEW  JERSEY:  Jamesburg,  Paterson,  Woodbury; 
NEW  YORK:  Binghamton,  Blue  Point,  L.  I.,  East 
Syracuse.  Kingston,  Middletown,  Schenectady; 
PENNSYLVANIA:  Dunmore,  Lancaster,  Lewistown; 
MASS.:  West  Springfield;  CONN.:  Danbury;  DEL¬ 
AWARE:  Selbyville.  (Address  Dept.  2 1 ) 


.WMT*4t0CK 

BABY 

■  CHICKS.. 

EGGS  FOR  ,  . 

I*  HATCHING  1  /  *  IOO 

Special  Price  on  LARGE  ORDERS 

All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100% 

■  State  Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube  Agglut.  TOL- 
MAN’S  CHICKS  famous  for  RAPID  GROWTH. 
EARLY  MATURITY.  Profitable  EGG  YIELD. 
Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters  or 
H  market  eggs.  Send  for  FREE  Circular. 

I  SPECIALIZE  ONE  BREED.  ONE 
GRADE  at  ONE  PRICE. 

Dept.  B. 

ROCKLAND 

MASS. 


•12.  go 

•7 


JOSEPH 


TOLMAN 


and 


SEXED  PULLETS 

R.  O.  P  SIRED 

Leghorns  -  New  Hampshires 
Rocks  •  Reds  -  Crossbreds 
Hatched  from  Pullorum  Clean  Breeders 

Guarantee  Protects  You.  Early  Order  Discount. 

Write  for  Catalog  and  Prices. 
TAYLOR’S  FiATCHERY,  Box  A,  LIBERTY,  N.Y. 


CHERRY  HILL  CHICKS 


Twenty-Five  years  ol  Breeding  and  Hatching  Experi¬ 
ence,  Assures  you  the  highest  quality.  Tested  for  B.W.D. 
Postage  Paid.  Catalog  FREE 
Pullets  Guar.  95%  Accurate. 

BIG  R.O.P.  SIRED 


Live  Delivery. 

Per  100 

100 

100 

Unsexed 

Pits. 

Ckls. 

...$  8.50 

$16.00 

$3.00 

-  9.50 

13.00 

8.00 

s _  10.50 

15.00 

7.00 

Also  Started  Chicks. 

Wm. 


CHERRY  HILL  POULTRY  FARM. 

Nace,  (Prop.)  Box  A.  McALISTERVILLE.  PA. 


Shelter  berger’s  S.  C.  White  Leghorns 

Heavy  producers  of  large  White  eggs.  R.O.P. 
Sired  Chicks — Sexed  Pullets,  95%  Sex  guarantee 
— Day  Old  Cockerels.  Write  for  prices  and  Catalog. 
C.  M.  SHELLENBERGER’S  POULTRY  FARM 
Box  37,  Richfield,  Pa. 


HAMPTON’S  BLACK  LEGHORN  CHICKS 

Live,  Lay.  Pay,  Healthy.  Hardy.  Heavy  Layers  of  Large 
White  Eggs.  Free  of  disease  and  cannibalism.  Circular 
free.  E.  HAMPTON,  Box  A,  PITTSTOWN.  N.  J 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


Hatches  Mon.-Tues. -Wed.-Thurs.  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ $9.00  $16.00  $2.00 

Black  or  White  Minoreas _  9.00  16.00  3.00 

B.  &W.  Rox.  R.l.  Reds.  W.  Wy.  9.00  12.00  8.00 

Red-Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross _  9.00  12.00  8.00 

Jersey  White  Giants . .11.00  14.00  10.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAA  SUP.).  12. 00  1  6.00  8.00 

Heavy  Mixed  $8.  HEAVY  BROILER  CKLS.  (OUR 
SELECTION)  $7.00.  Breeders  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D. 
100%  live  del.  Postage  Paid.  AMERICAN  SEXORS 
ONLY.  95%  Accuracy. 

C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY,  Box  A.  McAlisterville.  Pa. 


TRUTT’S 


ililirl 

Hatches  Every  Week  in  Year  100  100  100 

Will  Ship  C.O.D.  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckis. 

Large  Eng.  White  Leghorns _ $  9.00  $16.00  $  1.75 

Br.  &  Wh.  Rocks,  R.  I.  Reds..  9.50  12.00  8.00 

New  Hampshire  Reds _  9.50  14.00  8.00 

Rock -Red  Cross  _  10.00  12.00  10.00 

Heavy  Mixed  - _ 8.00  10.00  5.00 

SPECIAL  GRADE  A  MATINGS 

Large  Type  White  Leghorns _ 12.00  20.00  3.00 

Barred  Rocks  &  N.  H.  Reds _ 12.00  16.00  10.00 

95%  guar,  on  all  Pullet  Chicks.  100%  live  delivery. 
Every  Breeder  Bloodtested.  Order  now.  Catalog  free. 

TRUTT’S  POULTRY  FARM  &  HATCHERY 
Box  A,  Hummels  Wharf,  Pennsylvania 


QUALITY  CHICKS 


Hatch Tue.  &Thur.  100%  L.  Del.  P.D.  Non-Sex  Pit’s  Ckl’a 
Pullets  95%  Accurate  guar.  100  100  100 

Large  Type  White  Leghorns - $  9.50  $17.00  $2.00 

B. &W.  Rox.  R.  I.  Reds,  Rox-Red  Cr.  10.00  13-00  9.00 

Special  Bred  N.  H.  Reds -  13.00  17.00  9.00 

H  Mix  $9-100.  All  Breeders  BLOOD  TESTED.  Antigen 
method.  Catalog  FREE.  Write.  MCALISTERVILLE 
HATCHERY,  Box  20,  MCALISTERVILLE,  PA. 


English  Black  Leghorns 

FOR  PROFIT 

Healthiest  breed,  no  pick-outs — 
no  paralysis.  Great  layers  of  big 
white  eggs,  as  broilers  dress  yel¬ 
low.  3000  Breeders  up  to  six 
years  old.  Chicks  and  eggs. 
Catalog  free.  Est.  1910. 

The  Keystone*  Farms 

Box  87,  Richfield,  Pa. 


ANSWER  THE  “ADS” 

LIKE  the  early  bird  that  gets 
the  worm,  you’ll  get  the  bar¬ 
gains  if  you  answer  the  adver¬ 
tisements  in  AMERICAN  AGRI¬ 
CULTURIST  promptly.  Don’t  lay 
the  paper  aside  until  you  have  read 
them  thoroughly.  Ads.  in  AMERI¬ 
CAN  AGRICULTURIST  are  guar¬ 
anteed.  To  get  the  protection  of 
this  guarantee  you  must  say  you 
saw  the  ad.  in 

AMERICm 

Agriculturist 


(218)  24 


Ar  ncrican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


BY  MRS.  GRACE  WATKINS  HUCKETT 


wax  paper.  Bake  in  a  moderate  oven, 
350°  F.,  for  30  minutes.  (Serves  8-10). 

MAPLE  SYRUP  BISCUIT 

Brush  top  of  baking  powder  biscuits 
with  butter  before  baking  and  sprinkle 
generously  with  grated  maple  sugar. 
Or  fold  y2  cup  crushed  maple  sugar 
into  baking  powder  biscuit  dough  be¬ 
fore  rolling  out  and  cut. 


MAPLE  NUT  CAKE 


MAPLE  SUGAR  and  syrup,  always 
a  springtime  treat,  will  be  doubly 
welcome  this  year  as  unrestricted  war¬ 
time  sweets.  What  farm  family  will  re¬ 
member  the  cane  sugar  shortage  when 
served  with  some  of  the  following  de¬ 
lectable  desserts! 

BAKED  APPLES 

Fill  centers  of  pared  and  cored  tart 
apples  with  granulated  maple  sugar. 
Add  water  to  cover  bottom  of  dish. 
Bake  in  moderate  oven  until  soft,  bast¬ 
ing  often  with  the  syrup. 

MAPLE  DREAMS 

Cut  bread  in  slices  ^-in.  thick.  Re¬ 
move  crusts,  butter  half  of  the  slices 
slightly.  Add  a  layer  of  chopped  dates 
over  each  slice.  Butter  remaining 
slices.  Put  them  on  top  of  the  dates, 
pressing  lightly  together  to  form  sand¬ 
wiches.  Dip  each  sandwich  in  a  mix¬ 
ture  of  one  egg  slightly  beaten  with 
1  cup  milk  and  brown  lightly  in  a 
little  butter.  Serve  with  maple  sauce. 

Maple  Sauce  No.  1  (Makes  l>/2  Cups) 

I  cup  hot  maple  syrup  >/2  cup  chopped  filberts, 

pecans  or  hickory  nuts 

To  the  hot  syrup  add  the  nuts. 
Serve  at  once.  , 

Maple  Sauce  No.  2  (Makes  2  Cups) 

I  cup  maple  jayrup  Vz  cup  cream 

i/2  cup  chopped  nuts 

Boil  together  the  syrup  and  cream 
until  a  little  dropped  in  water  will  form 
a  soft  ball  (about  10  minutes).  Beat 
one  minute,  add  nuts  and  serve  at 
once. 

Maple  Sauce  No.  3 

|i/2  cups  maple  sugar  2  teaspoons  vanilla 
*/2  cup  cream  I  tablespoon  butter 

Cook  sugar  and  cream  together  un¬ 
til  mixture  bubbles.  Then  add  vanilla 
and  butter  and  remove  from  fire.  Beat 
until  it  thickens  (about  10  minutes). 
Serve  hot.  This  is  especially  good  for 
ice  cream. 

MAPLE  CHARLOTTE 

I  tablespoon  gelatine  %  cup  maple  syrup 
i/4  cup  cold  water  2  cups  heavy  cream 

Soak  gelatine  5  minutes  in  water. 
Bring  maple  syrup  to  a  boil  and  add 
gelatine.  Stir  until  dissolved  and  al¬ 
low  to  cool.  Whip  the  cream  and  fold 
in  the  maple  syrup  and  gelatine  mix¬ 
ed,  adding  it  slowly.  Line  wet  molds 
or  paper  cups  with  lady  fingers  or 
sponge  cake.  Fill  with  maple  char¬ 
lotte  and  chill  thoroughly.  These  may 
be  made  in  individual  molds  or  one 
large  one. 

MAPLE  CUSTARD  PIE 

^  eggs  well  beaten  Va  teaspoon  nutmeg 

(TA  feup  maple  sugar  '/2  teaspoon  vanilla 

(firmly  packed)  2  cups  warmed  milk 

'/2  teaspoon  salt  Plain  pastry 

Line  a  pie  pan  with  pastry  and  chill. 
Beat  eggs  lightly  and  add  maple  sugar 
and  seasonings.  Add  warmed  milk 
slowly  and  mix  well.  Turn  into  the 
pastry  lined  pie  pan  and  bake  in  hot 
oven  (450°  F.),  10  minutes.  Reduce 
heat  and  bake  30  minutes  or  longer  in 
a  moderate  oven  (325°  F.)  until  the 
custard  is  firm.  (Makes  one  8-inch  pie). 

MAPLE  NUT  PUDDING 

I  quart  milk  3  egg  yolks 

(4  cup  brown  sugar  3  egg  whites 

(4  cup  maple  syrup  '/2  teaspoon  vanilla 

</4  teaspoon  salt  '/3  cup  walnut  meats  (cut 

3  tablespoons  cornstarch  fine  or  sliced 

Heat  milk  in  double  boiler;  mix  salt, 
sugar  and  maple  syrup  with  cornstarch 
until  smooth;  add  to  scalded  milk.  Stir 
Constantly  until  thick.  Cook  slowly 


five  to  ten  minutes  after  mixture  has 
thickened,  stirring  occasionally.  Beat 
yolks  well,  pour  some  of  the  thickened 
pudding  to  yolks,  return  to  double 
boiler  and  cook  for  one  to  two  minutes. 
Add  nuts.  Beat  egg  whites  until  stiff. 
The,  egg  whites  may  be  folded^  into 
pudding  when  vanilla  is  added  after 
rembval  from  the  double  boiler,  or  they 
may  be  beaten  with  three  tablespoons 
powdered  sugar  and  served  on  top  as 
a  meringue. 

MAPLE  RICE  PUDDING 

2'/2  cups  boiled  rice  I  cup  maple  syrup 

2'/2  cups  milk  '/2  teaspoon  salt 

3  eggs  '/2  teaspoon  nutmeg 

I  cup  ,  raisins 

Combine  rice  and  milk.  Beat  eggs 
and  maple  syrup  together;  add  to  rice 
and  milk.  Add  all  other  ingredients. 
Pour  mixture  into  buttered  pudding 
dish  set  in  a  pan  of  hot  water  and  bake 
in  a  slow  oven,  350°  F.,  or  cook  in  the 
top  of  a  double-boiler. 

MAPLE  NUT  CREAM  PUDDING 

2  cups  milk  '/4  teaspoon  salt 

1  cup  maple  syrup  2  eggs 

2  tablespoons  cornstarch  '/2  cup  chopped  walnuts 

I  cup  cream  (whipped) 

Scald  all  but  cup  milk  with  the 
maple  syrup  in  the  top  of  a  double 
boiler.  Combine  x/±  cup  milk  with 
cornstarch  and  salt;  add  this  gradual¬ 
ly,  stirring  constantly,  to  the  hot  mix¬ 
ture.  Cook  this  mixture  25  minutes 
and  then  add  it  to  the  slightly  beaten 
eggs  before  returning  it  to  the  double¬ 
boiler  top  for  5  minutes  more  of  cook¬ 
ing.  While  the  pudding  is  still  hot, 
pour  it  into  the  serving  dish  and 
sprinkle  it  with  the  chopped  nuts.  When 
it  is  cold,  cover  it  with  the  stiff  whip¬ 
ped  cream  and  serve. 

MAPLE  SYRUP  GINGERBREAD 

I  cup  maple  syrup  '/2  teaspoon  salt 

I  cup  heavy  sour  cream  2'/a  cups  sifted  flour 

I  egg,  well  beaten  l'/2  teaspoons  ginger 

I  teaspoon  baking  soda  Va  cup  melted  butter 

Blend  maple  syrup,  cream  and  egg. 
Sift  dry  ingredients  and  stir  into 
liquid.  Beat  well.  Add  butter  and 
beat  thoroughly.  Turn  into  greased 
loaf  pan  which  has  been  lined  with 


THIS  PATCH  is  easily  and  quick¬ 
ly  made  and  is  very  substantial. 
The  patch  is  elastic  and  will  give  with 
every  motion  of  the  body  without 
strain,  as  the  catch  stitch  will  stretch 
in  any  direction.  To  make  this  patch: 
1.  Cut  away  all  the  thin  part  around 


the  torn  or  worn  place,  making  the 
hole  round  or  oblong. 

2.  Cut  a  patch,  round  or  oblong, 
from  a  piece  of  other  underwear  of  the 
same  kind  and  from  a  piece  that  is 


Vz  cup  butter  2  cups  flour 

1  cup  maple  sugar  3  teaspoons  baking  powder 

2  eggs  I  cup  chopped  nutmeats 

Vz  cup  sweet  milk  I  cup  chopped  raisins 

Beat  butter  to  a  cream,  add  sugar 
gradually,  then  well-beaten  eggs.  Add 
alternately  the  milk  and  sifted  flour 
and  soda.  Mix  well;  add  nuts  and 
raisins.  Bake  in  deep  sheets  in  a  mod¬ 
erate  oven  (375°-385°  F. )  for  35  min¬ 
utes. 

MAPLE  SYRUP  FROSTING 

I  3/a  cups  maple  syrup  %  cup  broken  nutmeats 

I  or  2  egg  whites 

Cook  syrup  to  240°  F.  when  tested 
with  sugar  thermometer.  It  will  also 
form  a  medium  hard  ball  when  tested 
in  cold  water.  Pour  hot  syrup  in  a 
fine  stream  on  egg-white,  beaten  dry, 
beating  constantly.  Set  saucepan  over 
hot  water  or  on  asbestos  mat;  con¬ 
tinue  beating  slowly  and  constantly  un¬ 
til  frosting  thickens  a  little;  add  nut¬ 
meats,  spread  on  cake. 

MAPLE  NUT  ICE  CREAM 

l'/2  cups  maple  syrup  I  cup  evaporated  milk 

2  tablespoons  flour  2  eggs  (separated) 

%  cup  water  I  cup  whipping  cream 

Vz  cup  chopped  nuts 

Heat  syrup.  Stir  flour  and  water  to 
a  paste  and  add  milk.  Stir  into  syrup. 
Cook  until  smooth  and  thickened.  Beat 
egg  yolks.  Add  the  syrup  mixture 
and  cook  1  minute.  Cool  and  fold  in 
stiffly  beaten  egg  whites.  Fold  in 
whipped  cream  and  nuts.  Freeze  This 
makes  six  generous  servings. 

MAPLE  SUGAR  ICE  CREAM 

f  quart  cream  2  eggs 

2  cups  maple  sugar  I  pint  milk 

Vz  cup  (scant)  flour 

Bring  milk  just  to  boil.  Beat  one^ 
cup  of  the  sugar,  flour  and  eggs  until 
light  and  creamy;  stir  into  the  hot 
milk;  cook  until  flour  is  thoroughly 
cooked.  Set  away  to  cool.  When  cold 
whip  the  cream;  add  the  other  cup  of 
sugar  and  turn  into  the  cooked  mix¬ 
ture  and  freeze. 

M  APLE  SHAKE 

I  tablespoon  maple  syrup  %  cup  milk 

Dash  of  salt 

Mix  in  order  given.  Shake  well  and 
serve  cold.  Whipped  cream  may  be 
served  on  top  as  a  garnish. 


firm  and  will  stand  wear,  large  enough 
to  cover  the  hole  and  to  cover  up  any 
part  of  the  garment  that  may  wear — 
at  least  2  inches  beyond  the  hole  all 
around. 

3.  Baste  or  pin  .the  patch  to  the  un¬ 
der  side  of  the  garment,  matching  the 
ribs — having  them  run  the  same  way 
as  in  the  garment. 

4.  With  mercerized  cotton  thread  or 
ordinary  thread,  catch  stitch  with 
small  stitches  the  edges  of  the  hole  to 
the  patch.  (See  illustration,  inner 
circle.) 

5.  Turn  and  catch  stitch  the  patch 
to  the  garment  on  the  wrong  side.  The 
catch  stitch  covers  the  edges  sufficient¬ 
ly  to  prevent  raveling. 

When  the  patch  is  well  done  it  is 
strong,  goodlooking,  and  has  no  thick 
edges.  From  the  right  side,  it  will 
look  as  in  the  illustration.  The  catch 
stitch  on  the  wrong  side,  at  the  outer 
edge  of  the  patch,  shows  on  the  right 
side  of  patch  as  the  small,  straight 
stitches  seen  in  the  illustration.  This 
patch  may  also  be  used  on  other  knit¬ 
ted  articles  like  stockings. 


MENDING  EESSON  No.  2  Underwear  Uateh 


Styles 
That 
Spell 


PRING 


Here  are  three  smart  patterns  that 
will  delight  home  sewers.  Every  one 
of  them  is  a  winner: 


JACKET  DRESS  No.  2746  is  a  two¬ 
some  which  busy  women  will  want. 
Besides  making  a  convenient  outfit,  the 
jacket  may  do  double  duty  with  other 
dresses  or  skirts.  Every  line  is  de¬ 
signed  to  whittle  off  too  abundant 
curves,  yet  there  is  grace  and  action 
freedom  a-plenty.  For  spring  wear, 
a  printed  spun  rayon  for  the  dress  and 
plain  rayon  or  wool  jersey  for  the 
jacket  would  be  ideal.  For  warmer 
weather  use  a  sheer  cotton  for  the 
dress.  Sizes  are  14  to  48.  Size  36, 
3%  yds.  39-inch  fabric  for  dress;  2% 
yards  contrasting  for  jacket. 

SHORT  HOUSECOAT  No.  3345, 
sometimes  known  as  the  “brunph-coat” 
is  really  a  versatile  house  frock.  Be¬ 
sides  being  easy  to  make  and  to  laun¬ 
der,  this  garment  is  definitely  feminine. 
The  shorter  length  also  conserves  ma¬ 
terials.  Sizes  are  14  to  46.  Size  36, 
3%  yds.  39-in.  fabric  for  dress;  %  yd. 
ruffling. 

DRESS  No.  3457  with  its  triple¬ 
tiered  skirt  is  very  South  American 
in  feeling.  It  is  easy  enough  for  the 
amateur  to  make  since  the  tiers  are 
merely  simulated.  This  would  be 
sweet  in  one  of  those  sheer  cottons. 
Sizes  12  to  20.  Size  16,  4  %  yds.  39-in. 
fabric. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address, 
pattern  size  and  number  clearly  and 
enclose  15c  in  stamps.  Address  Pat¬ 
tern  Dept.,  American  Agriculturist,  10 
North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  New 
York.  Add  12c  for  a  copy  of  our  new 
Spring  Fashion  catalog. 


American  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


25  (219) 


Household  Junk  Wanted 

for  War  Needs  fiq,  Mabel  c^telel 


WE  DON’T  ordinarily  think  of 
homes  as  having  the  makings  of 
battleships,  anti-aircraft  guns,  tanks 
and  bombs.  Nevertheless,  it’s  from 
attics,  closets  and  cellars  that  Uncle 
Sam  hopes  to  draw  some  of -the  scrap 
metal  needed  for  making  munitions 
and  ships.  In  addition,  there  is  the 
huge  amount  of  farm  junk  that  will  be 
available  if  every  farmer  sells  his  use¬ 
less  tools  and  machinery  to  the  junk 
dealer.  Farmers,  of  course,  are  not  ad¬ 
vised  to  junk  any  machinefy  which  can 
be  repaired,  or  which  might  be  sold 
to  another  farmer. 

Some  idea  of  the  vast  amount  of 
scrap  metal  needed  for  war  may  be 
had  from  these  figures:  It  takes  500 
pounds  of  scrap  metal  to  build  one 
aerial  bomb;  50  pounds  scrap  metal 
for  a  50  calibre  machine  gun;  1,000 
pounds  for  a  75  milimeter  howitzer; 
1,000  pounds  for  a  16-inch  naval  shell; 
18  tons  for  a  27-ton  tank;  3  tons  for  a 
3  in.  anti-aircraft  gun;  9,000  tons  for  a 
35,000  ton  battleship.  And  here’s  some¬ 
thing  you  may  not  know :  1  ton  of  scrap 
metal  is  worth  2  tons  of  mined  ore! 

We  have  an  organization  in  this 
country  which  is  now  getting  set  to  go. 
It’s  called  the  Salvage  for  Victory 
Committee,  and  eventually  it  will  reach 
into  every  township,  every  commun¬ 
ity,  every  home.  The  other  day,  here 
in  Tompkins  County,  N.  Y.,  I  saw  our 
local  Salvage  for  Victory  Committee 
go  into  action.  Two  members  of  it — 
Mrs.  L.  N.  Simmons  and  Mrs.  Harry 
S.  Gabriel,  of  Ithaca,  N.  Y. — were  talk¬ 
ing  to  an  Extension  Service  meeting. 
Mrs.  Simmons  described  the  set-up  of 
the  national,  state  and  county  com¬ 
mittees,  and  gave  the  above  figures. 
Mrs.  Gabriel  then  produced  an  original 
exhibit  which  could  be  effectively 
copied  by  Salvage  committees  every¬ 
where,  and  by  other  organizations  in-* 
terested  in  “Junk  to  beat  the  Axis.”  Her 
exhibit  was  placed  on  a  table,  and  con¬ 
sisted  of  a  portable,  medium-sized 
screen  which  could  be  folded  fiat  when 
not  in  use.  On  it  were  stuck  hooks 
and  safety  pins,  upon  which  were 
presently  hung  by  Mrs.  Gabriel  as  she 
talked,  as  odd  an  assortment  of  articles 
as  I  have  ever  seen  at  a  public  meet¬ 
ing.  To  mention  just  a  few,  there 
were  bits  of  broken  chains,  an  old 
faucet,  broken  tools,  an  old  doorknob, 
an  odd  skate,  old  lids  for  pans,  the 
brass  collar  off  an  old  electric  light 
bulb,  a  couple  of  wornout  cords  for  elec¬ 
tric  fixtures;  old  bathing  cap,  rubbers, 
atomizer  bulb,  and  a  useless  hot  water 


bottle;  also,  at  the  base  of  the  ex¬ 
hibit,  neat  packages  of  old  newspapers, 
magazines,  cardboard  boxes  flattened 
out  and  tied  in  a  bundle. 

Kinds  of  Junk  Wanted 

Besides  scrap  metal,  Uncle  Sam 
wants  rags  of  every  kind,  old  rubber, 
and  paper.  The  need  for  paper  is 
second  only  to  the  need  for  scrap  iron. 
Newspapers,  magazines,  wrapping 
paper,  boxes,  cartons — in  fact,  every 
scrap  of  paper  that  comes  into  your 
possession  (except  waxed  paper) 
should  be  saved,  sorted  and  done  up  in 
neat  packages  for  convenient  trans¬ 
portation.  Boxes  should  be  flattened 
out  and  tied  in  bundles. 

How  to  Dispose  of  Junk 

It  is  harder  for  farm  people  to  dis¬ 
pose  of  junk  than  it  is  for  city  people, 
because  farmers  are  farther  from  the 
junk  dealer.  You’ll  probably  find,  how¬ 
ever,  that  some  organization  is  already 
collecting  junk  in  your  community. 
Boy  Scouts  and  the  Salvation  Army 
have  been  doing  this  for  some  time. 
Also,  Salvage  for  Victory  committees, 
working  through  neighborhood  chair¬ 
men,  are  now  collecting  junk  through 
schools,  churches,  Scouts,  4-H  Clubs, 
the  American  Legion,  etc. 

Or  you  can  sell  direct  to  a  junk 
dealer  if  you  can  transport  the  waste 
material  yourself,  or  if  you  have 
enough  so  that  it  is  worth  his  while 
to  come  after  it. 


Today  in 

Aunt  Janet’s  Garden 


Pruning  Roses 


My  roses  did  not  do  very  well  last  year 
and  I  have  wondered  if  pruning  or  lack 
of  it  might  have  caused  them  to  have 
small  flowers  and  short  stems.  Also  I 
notice  that  our  climbing  roses  seem  to 
need  something  more  than  just  fertilizing. 
I  would  appreciate  suggestions. — T.  R. 


VERY  HEAVY  pruning  of  rose 
bushes  every  spring  is  recom¬ 
mended  if  you  expect  to  get  large  blos¬ 
soms.  This  applies  particularly  to 
hybrid  teas.  Towards  the  end  of 
March  is  a  good  time  for  pruning  these 
and  the  hybrid  perpetuals,  although  no 
definite  date  can  possibly  be  set.  It 
is  better  to  be  a  little  late  than  too 
early  in  pruning  roses  because  it  is  the 
topmost  buds  on  the  bush  which  are 


These  two  farm  boys  and  two  other  Scouts  in  their  patrol  gathered  a  ton  and  a  half 
Of  paper  in  a  short  time  in  the  vicinity  of  the  village  of  Ferryville,  N.  Y.  These  two 
Scouts,  Richard  Christenson  and  William  Foley,  are  members  of  the  rural  Scout 
Troop  19  at  the  Cazenovia  Central  School.  They  used  a  horse  and  wagon  to  gather 

the  paper  from  the  neighborhood  farms. 


first  to  start  into  growth.  If  these  are 
killed  by  frost,  no  great  harm  is  done 
because  normally  these  would  be  cut 
off  in  pruning.  But  if  you  cut  your 
plants  back  too  early  and  the  buds  to¬ 
ward  the  base  start  into  growth,  they 
Would  be  killed  by  frost.  That  is  very 
bad! 

Incidentally,  before  growth  starts  is 
a  good  time  to  spray  for  any  scale 
insects  which  may  have  established 
themselves  on  your  roses,  lilacs  or 
euonymous.  Use  the  dormant  spray, 
one  of  miscible  oil  or  oil  emulsion 
which  orchardists  use  on  apple  trees. 
The  directions  for  spraying  come  with 
the  material.  If  you  do  not  have  a 

\ 


Rainy  Evening 

By  Eleanor  A.  Chaffee. 

There  are  stars  tonight  in  our  window 
pane.  .  .  . 

The  stars  that  shone  on  the  windy  lane 

Are  blotted  by  cloud  and  dark  and  wet; 

But  the  stars  on  our  pane  will  never 
set, 

For  love  lit  the  flame  that  makes  them 
glow, 

And  love’s  is  the  only  wind  to  blow! 


spray  machine  and  have  only  a  few 
shrubs  needing  this  attention,  dip  a 
soft  brush  in  the  oil  spray  and  go  over 
each  limb  and  branch,  applying  a  light 
coat  carefully,  seeing  that  every  colony 
of  scale  insects  is  covered.  Be  sure 
the  oil  is  diluted  the  same  as  for  a 
sprayer,  and  merely  moisten  the  brush 
in  it. 

As  for  pruning  climbing  roses  of  the 
Dr.  Van  Fleet,  Mary  Wallace  or  Silver 
Moon  type,  about  all  they  need  is  to 
cut  them  back  enough  to  stay  on  the 
trellis,  or  occasionally  cut  out  dead 
wood  and  excess  canes.  However, 
those  of  the  Dorothy  Perkins  type 
should  have  all  the  wood  that  has  pro¬ 
duced  the  flowers  removed  as  soon  as 
the  blooming  period  is  over.  These 
old  canes  should  be  cut  off  at  the 
ground.  This  will  leave  the  new  shoots 
to  bloom  next  year. 

*  *  * 

Transplanting  Perennials 

My  rock  garden  and  perennial  border 
need  rejuvenating.  The  plants  have  heen 
in  for  several  years  and  some  of  them 
did  not  bloom  at  all  well  last  season.  I 
have  been  afraid  to  move  them  because 
I  have  understood  that  once  perennials 
are  planted,  they  do  not  need  much  at¬ 
tention  other  than  fertilizing. 

It  is  true  that  some  plants  do  not 
transplant  at  all  well.  On  ‘the  other 
hand  many  of  them  are  improved  with 
annual  transplanting  —  chrysanthe¬ 
mums  for  instance.  .  The  whole  clump 
should  be  lifted  and  only  the  vigorous 
young  shoots  around  the  edge  should 
be  transplanted,  discarding  the  woody 
central  core. 

Other  perennials  which  divide  well, 
but  do  not  need  dividing  every  year, 
are  hardy  phlox,  iris,  painted  daisies, 
coreopsis,  daylilies,  and  many  others. 
Do  not  disturb  peonies,  as  long  as  they 
are  flowering  well.  They  often  remain 
in  one  place  as  long  as  8  to  10  years. 

Certain  ones  tend  to  run  out  or  lose 
vitality.  Among  them  are  delphini¬ 
ums  and  violas.  To  get  sturdy  plants 
from  these,  cuttings  should  be  taken 
in  spring  which  ought  to  develop  into 
flowering  plants  by  fall. 

As  for  the  rock  garden  plants,  new 
plants  are  easily  obtained  by  layering. 
Nature  usually  takes  care  of  this  her¬ 
self  but  if  you  want  to  give  her  a 
hand,  weight  down  some  of  the  more- 
prostrate  or  creeping  branches  so  that 
they  touch  the  earth  at  points.  Here 
roots  are  formed.  Pinks,  sedums, 
thyme,  and  creeping  veronica  root  easi¬ 
ly  this  way.  Then  when  roots  are 
established  simply  cut  the  new  plant 
away  from  the  old  and  plant  it  else¬ 
where. 


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[  Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


(220)  26 


Ai  erican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


Things  to  Eat  You  Can’t  Buy 


r’M  NOT  TALKING  about  the  home¬ 
grown  things  to  eat  that  are  better 
than  the  “boughten”  kind  because 
they’re  fresher  —  things  like  strawber¬ 
ries  and  asparagus  and  sweet  corn  that 
start  losing  a  little  of  their  flavor  and 
sweetness  the  minute  you  pick  them. 
What  I’m  talking  about  are  some  of 
the  few  remaining  things  you  can’t 
buy  at  the  store,  or  dump  out  of  a 
can,  or  order  at  a  restaurant. 

Take  fried  suckers  or  a  mess  of 
cowslip  greens!  You  can’t  buy  them. 
If  you  want  them,  you’ve  got  to  go  get 
them  in  exactly  the  same  way  your 
great-grandfather  did;  and  you’d  bet¬ 
ter  put  on  warm  clothes  and  long 
rubber  boots  before  you  start.  It’s 
getting  to  be  about  time  now  for  brook 
trout  and  fried  suckers  and  cowslip 
greens  with  salt  pork. 

All  right!  All  right!  Neither  do  I 
like  cowslip  greens  with  salt  pork 
very  much  myself.  To  my  taste  they 
are  too  slippery — in  the  same  way  that 
slippery  elm  is  slippery.  And  fried 
suckers,  with  all  their  bones,  remind 
me  too  strongly  of  hair  brushes  rolled 
in  corn  meal  and  fried  crisply  in  a 
skillet.  Not  that  I  have  ever  had  any 
practical  experience  with  fried  hair 
brushes. 

But  I  am  one  who  likes  to  keep  up 
the  fine  old  traditions  like  Christmas 
and  Easter  eggs  and  having  green  peas 
from  the  garden  on  the  Fourth  of  July. 
And  I  think  every  sound  American 
family  ought  to  have  cowslip  greens 
with  salt  pork  and  fried  suckers  once 
a  year  anyway,  whether  they  like  them 
or  not,  just  as  a  gesture  to  awaken¬ 
ing  spring  and  as  a  sacrificial  cere¬ 
mony  in  memory  of  a  simpler  life 
when  Americans  couldn’t  run  down  to 
the  store  at  the  corners  every  ten  min¬ 
utes  for  something  father  forgot;  when 
they  had  to  raise  their  own  food — or 
at  least  pick  it  or  catch  it  or  shoot  it. 

Modern  children,  I  find,  and  particu¬ 
larly  those  under  ten,  do  not  share  my 
traditionalism  in  the  matter  of  such 
seasoned  dishes  as  fried  suckers  and 
cowslip  greens.  Sometimes  you  can 
talk  them  into  a  certain  degree  of 
anticipatory  curiosity  about  something 
unusual  to  eat  that  father  always  had 
in  the  springtime  when  he  was  a  little 
boy.  But  enthusiasm  seldom  survives 
the  second  bite.  Just  about  then,  you 
can  see  the  look  of  disillusionment  ap¬ 
pear  in  the  innocent  eyes.  You  can 
see  ’em  begin  to  wonder  which  end  of 
the  fork  the  sucker  is  on.  That’s  the 
time  —  just  before  the  tears  —  to  leap 
in  quickly  and  assure  all  hands  that 
they  don’t  have  to  eat  any  more  cow¬ 
slip  greens  or  fried  suckers  if  they 
don’t  want  to,  but  can  have  eggs  any 
way  they  like  —  boiled,  scrambled, 
poached,  or  sunny  side  up. 

My  wife  say  the  only  fun  anybody 
geti?  out  of  the  annual  spree  with  fried 
suckers  and  cowslip  greens  is  the  fun 
I  get  out  of  spearing  them  and  pick¬ 
ing  them  and  cooking  them.  And  there 
may  be  a  little  something  in  her  theory. 
But  as  against  that,  nobody  else  suf¬ 
fers  much,  because  in  that  particular 
department  of  farm  activity  I  do  all 
of  the  work,  right  down  to  taking  the 
leftover  greens  out  to  the  pigs  and 
washing  up  the  pots  and  pans.  I  have 
to. 

The  important  points  to  remember 
about  cowslip  greens  are  to  pick  the 
cowslips  before  the  buds  begin  to  show 
yellow  and  to  leach  them  out  before 
you  give  them  the  final  boil.  I  mean 
you  should  boil  them  a  while  and  pour 
off  the  water.  Put  the  greens  in  a 
strainer  with  a  weight  on  top  of  them, 
and  let  them  drain.  After  that,  put 
them  back  in  fresh  water  with  a  piece 
of  lean  salt  pork  and  boil  them  until 
the  pork  is  tender. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  essential 


By  (lameyn  Besisuj, 


thing  to  bear  in  mind  in  connection 
with  fried  suckers  is  that  a  brilliant 
flare  distorts  objects  and  angles  under 
water,  and  that  one’s  own  foot  in  a 
glistening  rubber  boot  can  look  un¬ 
commonly  like  a  broody  sucker.  Never 
thrust  the  spear  sharply  for  a  kill  un¬ 
til  you  have  paused  and  asked  your¬ 
self,  “Is  that  object  in  the  water  that 
I  propose  to  transfix  really  a  sucker 
or  is  it  my  own  other  foot?” 

My  wife  is  partly  right,  of  course. 
The  chief  fascination  in  fried  suckers 
for  breakfast  is  the  excitement  of 
spearing  the  suckers  the  night  before; 
and  a  good  part  of  the  satisfaction  de¬ 
rived  from  a  mess  of  cowslip  greens 
comes  from  sloshing  through  the  mud 
and  water  where  they  grow;  from  ob¬ 
serving  the  newly-arrived  redwing 
blackbirds. 

But  there’s  more  to  it  than  that.  By 
the  time  April  comes,  you’re  pretty 
sick  of  all  the  things  to  eat  down  cel¬ 
lar  that  you’ve  carried  through  the 
winter.  You’re  tired  of  having  to  be 
careful  and  frugal.  Perhaps  the  feel¬ 
ing  is  partly  sentimental;  possibly 
there  has  been  some  mineral  deficien¬ 
cy,  some  vitamin  shortage  in  your 
winter  diet.  Anyway,  you’ve  had  all 
the  winter  you  can  stand,  and  all  the 
things  to  eat  that  come  out  of  a  store 
or  up  from  the  cellar.  New  life  is 
stirring  all  about  you,  and  something 
has  got  to  be  done  about  it.  You  want 
green  things  to  eat  that  are  fresh  out 
of  the  awakening  earth — or  fresh  out 
of  a  spring  brook — and  didn’t  cost  any¬ 
thing  either  in  money  or  in  labor. 

Solomon  had  that  feeling  —  caused 
in  part,  no  doubt,  by  a  vitamin  de¬ 
ficiency  —  when  he  snatched  a  harp 
and  sang,  “For,  lo,  the  winter  is  past, 
the  rain  is  over  and  gone;  the  flowers 
appear  on  the  earth;  the  time  of  the 
singing  of  birds  is  come,  and  the  voice 
of  the  turtle  is  heard  in  the  land;  the 
fig  tree  putteth  forth  the  green  figs, 
and  the  vines  with  the  tender  grape 
give  a  good  smell.” 


Solomon’s  way  is  one  way  to  express 
all  the  longings  and  vitamin  deficien¬ 
cies  that  come  with  the  end  of  winter 
and  the  beginning  of  spring.  But  it 
wouldn’t  work  up  our  road.  Up  our 
road  it’s  probably  safer  and  better  to 
leave  the  harp  on  the  hook  and  say 
the  same  things  in  terms  of  fried  suck¬ 
ers  and  cowslip  greens.  The  neigh¬ 
bors  wouldn’t  understand  the  harp 
business  and  might  think  you  were 
softening  up. 

Anyway,  it’s  a  fine  old  American 
custom — the  greens  and  the  suckers. 
The  urge  comes  only  once  a  year,  and 
I  can’t  see  where  anyone  can  be  hurt 
by  it  as  long  as  it  is  thoroughly  un¬ 
derstood  in  advance  that  on  the  days 
when  father  has  his  sacrificial  fried 
suckers  or  his  annual  mess  of  cowslip 
greens  with  the  salt  pork,  the  children 
may  have  eggs  any  way  they  want 
them. 

—  A.  A.  — 

(leadeAA.  ^Jalk  feacJz 

( Continued  from  Page  6) 
licenses  cost  only  $5.00  or  $10.00. 

The  $1.00  license  for  farm  cars  in 
New  York  State  was  a  step  in  the  right 
direction,  but  is  only  useful  between 
two  or  more  holdings  owned  or  rented 
by  the  same  man  and  provides  no  way 
to  get  to  market.  Livestock  auction 
markets  have  sprung  up  in  the  last 
few  years.  They  are  good  markets  for 
the  farmer’s  livestock,  but  how  can  he 
use  them?  He  must  either  call  in  a 
buyer  and  take  the  price  offered,  or 
pay  a  high  rate  to  a  local  trucker  to 
haul  the  animals  to  the  sale. — F.  S., 
New  York. 

*  *  * 

Farmers  Don’t  Need  City 
Leaders 

Your  editorial  on  “Dairymen  and  C. 
I.  O.  Labor  Unions”  was  well  stated. 
The  Union  leaders  are  like  the  pigs 
all  huddled  together— not  to  warm  one 
another,  but  to  get  warm  themselves. 
The  dairymen  have  enough  intelligence 
to  guide  them  through  any  troubled 
waters  without  directional  advice  from 


N 


UTRITION  is  a  magic 
word,  it  seems  this  win¬ 
ter  I  have  heard  a  dozen 
speeches,  I  have  went  and 
heard  folks  talk  on  nutriment 
and  what  it  takes  to  be  well 
fed;  the  vitamins  we  need 
instead  of  pork  and  beans 
to  make  us  strong,  and  all 
the  many  things  that’s  wrong 
in  dieting  on  pie  and  bread 
when  we  need  minerals  in¬ 
stead.  It  seems,  if  we’d  grow 
big  and  tough  that  fried  po¬ 
tatoes  ain’t  enough,  we  need 
some  carrots  and  some 
greens,  the  man  that’s  smart 
just  goes  and  weans  himself 
from  drinkin’  too  much  tea, 
and  fill  himself  on  milk,  by 
gee.  A  rutabaga  and  some 
cheese  will  put  the  spring 
into  your  knees,  red  cabbage 
is  just  what  you  need  to 
give  you  stamina  and  speed. 

It  makes  me  want  to  pine 
away  to  think  of  livin’  off’n 
hay,  I’d  just  as  soon  be  weak 
as  eat  the  tops  from  off  a  garden  beet,  if  it  takes  turnip  greens  and 
chard  to  make  a  feller  tough  and  hard,  I’d  rather  lose  my  pep  and  dash 
and  have  a  meal  of  corned  beef  hash.  I  wouldn’t  trade  a  slab  of  meat 
for  plenty  dandelines  to  eat,  a  bowl  of  salad’s  no  delight,  it  takes  away 
my  appetite.  Them  forage  crops  are  good  for  kine,  but  when  I  sit  down 
to  dine,  roast  pork  is  something  hits  the  spot,  I  want  no  spinach  in  the 
pot,  nor  any  other  kind  of  grass,  this  modem  nourishment,  alas,  just 
don’t  appeal  to  such  as  I,  I’d  rather  have  a  piece  of  pie. 


The  Amateur  Poet’s 
Corner 


Because  of  the  number  of  contributions 
tve  do  not  return  poems  not  published 
Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

The  limit  in  length  is  sixteen  (16)  lines 
and  each  poem  submitted  for  this  corner 
must  be  original  and  the  work  of  an 
amateur  poet.  Therefore,  when  sending 
in  a  poem,  be  sure  to  state  whether  you 
are  the  author  of  it.  $2.00  will  be  paid 
for  each  one  printed.  Check  will  be  mail¬ 
ed  on  or  about  the  first  day  of  month 
following  publication. 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist  P.  O  Box  367.  Ithaca.  N.  Y. 

WAR  TIME  MOTHER 

She  made  the  tousled  beds  with  linger¬ 
ing  care 

And  hung  the  clothes  aright  upon  a 
chair. 

She  straightened  books  and  papers’ 
wild  array. 

Her  tall  young  lads.  It  seemed  but 
yesterday 

They  whooped  at  cowboy  up  and  down 
the  stairs; 

Their  Indian  tents,  the  shawled  and 
hooded  chairs. 

A  few  short  years  of  noisy  glee,  and 
then  — - 

O’ernight,  her  home  is  filled  with  tall 
young  men. 

She  clutched  a  mended  sweater  to  her 
heart 

And  felt  the  hot,  unbidden  tear-drops 
start 

For  other  mothers,  half  a  world  away, 
Weeping,  like  Rachel,  for  their  sons 
today. 

—Mrs.  John  Koenig, 
Route  1,  Freehold,  N.  J. 

outside  interests. 

The  farmer’s  vocation  is  unlike  any 
other  line  of  endeavor.  The  farmer  has 
everything  to  contend  with  that  other 
businesses  have,  plus  the  elements. 
Thus  far  no  one  has  attempted  to  reg¬ 
ulate  weather. 

I  was  astounded  when  I  read  in  the 
same  issue  the  statement  that  New 
York  health  officials  were  threatening 
to  shut  out  one  out  of  every  five  pro¬ 
ducers.  Much  money  and  hard  work 
has  been  put  into  getting  things  fixed 
up  to  score  for  the  big  market.  Yet, 
notwithstanding  all  that  investment, 
they  would  write  an  order  such  as  is 
mentioned  by  Commissioner  Pincus. 

A  century  of  progress  in  the  farm 
paper  field  leaves  you  with  a  respon¬ 
sibility  that  you  are  carrying  through 
to  the  credit  of  the  founders  of  your 
great  paper. — M.  M.  M.,  Ohio. 

*  *  * 

Rlind — Rut  Still  Working 

How  many  blind  men  are  interested 
in  raising  poultry?  Well,  here’s  one 
who  is. 

Seven  years  ago  a  gun,  which  Al¬ 
bert  H.  Van  Gorman,  of  Venice  Cen¬ 
ter,  New  York,  was  cleaning,  discharg¬ 
ed  and  deprived  the  young  man  of  his 
sight.  Now,  at  the  age  of  24,  he  has 
completed  a  five  year  course  of  instruc¬ 
tion  in  the  Batavia  State  School  for 
the  Blind  and  is  eager  to  enter  busi¬ 
ness.  His  ambition  is  to  become  a  poul¬ 
try  raiser. 

Even  before  he  received  his  diploma 
he  had  made  arrangements  for  a  loan 
in  order  to  purchase  the  necessary 
equipment  for  his  business  venture. 

In  raising  chickens  Mr.  Van  Gorman 
plans  to  use  the  cage  system  so  that 
their  feet  will  never  touch  the  ground. 
He  thinks  that  this  method  tends  to 
keep  the  birds  free  from  disease  and 
also  makes  their  meat  more  tender. 

•  This  enterprising  young  poultryman 
expects  to  begin  his  undertaking  with 
400  chicks  and  increase  the  number  by 
100  each  week  until  he  has  all  that  he 
can  care  for.  At  first  he  wall  specialize 
in  raising  broilers  because  the  first 
cost  of  equipment  is  less  expensive. 

— Mrs.  T.  W.,  Spencer,  N.  Y> 


Ax  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


27  (  221) 


The  Pattern  of  Dictatorship 

( Continued  from  Page  5) 


to  threaten  or  intimidate  you,  it  will 

be  possible  for  you  to  get  organized 
help  on  your  farm  at  a  few  moments’ 
notice.  Every  man  who  wishes  will  be 
able  to  deliver  his  milk,  and  will  be 
protected  in  so  doing,  providing  he  is 
willing  to  fight  himself.  No  man  who 
signs  a  United  Mine  Workers  union 
card  can  have  the  excuse  that  he  was 
afraid  not  to,  because  steps  are  being 
taken  to  make  the  constructive  forces 
for  good  stronger  in  your  neighborhood 
than  the  forces  of  evil  can  possibly  be. 

If  agriculture  loses  this  fight,  the 
last  trace  of  independence  which  the 
farmer  has  will  be  gone.  You  will  be 
told,  by  men  whose  interests  are  not 
your  interests,  how  much  food  to  pro¬ 
duce,  how  to  produce  it  and  how  to 
market  it.  You  will  be  told  what  men 
to  hire  and  to  fire,  how  much  wages 
to  pay.  And  if  you  refuse  to  obey  these 
orders,  it  will  be  just  too  bad  for  you. 
Remember  that  once  you  sign  a  union 
card  you  cannot  get  out.  The  time  to 
stop  and  prevent  this  sad  situation,  is 
now,  before  it  gets  well  started.  After 
you  have  signed  up  and  found  what  a 
mistake  it  was,  it  will  be  too  late  to 
do  anything  about  it. 

But  farmers  are  not  going  to  lose 

this  fight.  We  will  win  it  just  as  we 

have  always  stood  together  to  win 
other  fights  that  endangered  our  free¬ 
dom,  our  homes  and  our  country. 

— a.  a. — 

THE  HIGH  ROAD  OR 
TIIE  LOW  ROAD? 

Editor’s  Note:  Here  is  a  letter  just 
received  from'  a  subscriber.  Read  it, 
and  decide  which  road  you  will  take. 

Farmers  throughout  the  nation,  and 
particularly  those  in  the  N.  Y.  milk 
shed  and  N.  E.  face  a  great  decision. 
Future  farm  historians  will  rank  that 
decision  in  the  farm  field  along  with 
Bunker  Hill — the  Boston  Tea  Party  in 
American  history. 

That  decision  will  be  whether  they 
take  the  High  Road  (sometimes  hard 
road)  of  independent  farm  organiza¬ 
tion  which  they  control  and  operate, 
which  they  can  maintain  or  destroy, 
which  they  can  use  or  abuse,  but  which 

is  theirs  and  theirs  alone,  or  whether 

they  will  take  the  low  (but  easier) 
road  of  an  organization  conceived  by 
labor  organizers,  financed  in  the  ear¬ 
lier  stages  by  Labor  Union— dominat¬ 
ed  by  labor  organization,  and  finally 
like  Manchuria  run  by  Labor  Union, 
thus  a  puppet  management  composed 

of  easily  influenced  or  boughten  lead¬ 
ers. 

WHAT  THE  DECISION  IS 

Farmers  may  have  to  decide  whether 
they  want  organization  which  they  can 
join  or  leave  at  will — in  which  they  can 
speak  their  own  mind  without  danger 

i  —  —  — -  .  ■  - ■— v 

We  Are  Proud  of  This 
Issue 

Hfere  we  are  with  another  issue 
which  alone  is  worth  more  than 
the  subscription  price  of  the  pa¬ 
per  for  a  whole  year.  It  has  taken 
us  weeks  to  assemble  and  boil 
down  this  material  on  the  repair 
of  equipment  so  that  you  can  get 
it  in  a  few  minutes’  reading.  The 
few  moments  you  require  to  read 
the  articles  in  this  issue  may  be 
the  most  valuable  time  you  put 
in  this  year.  Save  this  issue.  If 
you  cannot  use  some  of  the  in¬ 
formation  in  it  now,  you  may 
want  to  later  when  you  are  using 
some  particular  machine.  Look 
for  more  help  along  the  same 
line  in  coming  issues. 


to  life  and  property — home  or  loss  of 
markets,  or  whether  they  want  to 
change  to  organization  in  which  once 
in  they  will  have  little  chance  to  leave, 
which  already  in  some  parts  of  U.  S. 
is  already  reported  to  have  been  or  is 
now  using  threats  of  violence  and  prop¬ 
erty  destruction  to  force  men  into 
membership. 

If  the  latter  be  true,  it  would  seem 
that  farmers  might  face  the  same  prob¬ 
lem  that  law  abiding  citizens  of  the 
west  faced  when  the  six  gun  made 
right.  It  was  only  when  the  honest 
citizens  organized  to  protect  each  other 
from  violence  and  property  damage  or 
threats  to  that  end  that  peace  and  se¬ 
curity  came  to  those  who  wanted  to 
work  and  exercise  the  rights  and  priv¬ 
ileges  that  the  law  was  supposed  to 
give  them. 

There  is  further  example  of  what 
happens  to  men  and  business  if  men 
do  not  rally  to  the  defense  of  their 
right  to  join  or  not  to  join.  The  method 

of  threats  of  violence  and  destruction 
of  property  was  the  way  of  the  racke¬ 
teers  who  held  whole  cities  at  their 
mercy  for  years. 

We  on  the  farms  have  been  so  free 
from  this  that  its  extension  to  farm 
communities  and  to  your  farm  and 
mine  seems  fantastic  and  foolish. 

WHAT  WE  MAY  BE  TRADING  FOR 

But  this  is  what  we  may  be  exchang¬ 
ing  our  freedom  for  when  we  change 
from  the  organization  we  have  known 
to  that  dominated  under  the  guise  of 
financial  help  and  greater  power  by 
labor  unions  with  the  background  of 
the  United  Mine  Workers. 

This  is  a  great  and  important  de¬ 
cision.  Should  that  decision  be  made  by 
each  of  us  alone  facing  three  men 
across  a  back  fence — or  alone  at  home 
facing  high  pressure  organizers,  some 
of  whom  come  from  Heaven-knows- 
where,  without  knowing  how  our 
neighbors  and  friends  and  fellow  farm¬ 
ers  feel?  Should  it  be  made  by  each 
of  us-  alone  faced  with  actual  or  intimi¬ 
dating  threats  without  having  discussed 
with  our  friends,  our  neighbors,  and 
fellow  farmers  what  it  all  means  and 
what  we  should  all  do  ?  Perhaps  no 
one  feels  about  it  as  I  do?  Perhaps 
no  one  feels  about  it  as  you  do?  But 
perhaps  most  of  us  feel  the  same  way 
about  it?  If  that  should  be  so,  wouldn’t 
it  be  fine  to  know  what  others  think, 
what  others  will  do  when  they  face  a 
decision  and  have  them  know  what  we 
will  do  ? 

Perhaps  we  should  all  make  it  our 
business  to  talk  this  matter  over  in 
groups  in  organized  meetings.  Perhaps 
we  should  all  get  together — get  all  the 
facts  both  « ood  (if  any)  and  bad,  and 
then  if  we  feel  our  rights,  liberties, 
and  interests  are  endangered  join  to¬ 
gether  to  oppose  the  entrance  into  the 
farm  field  of  this  force.  If  we  should 
together  decide  that  it  is  what  we 
want,  we  should  then  know  how  we  all 
feel  about  that. 

We  will  take  the  low  road  or  the 
high  road,  but  as  good  citizens,  good 
farmers,  free  born  Americans,  we 
should  decide  which  road  to  take  after 
we  have  discussed  the  matter  with 
those  we  trust  and  those  whom  we 
know.  The  sound  thinking  of  American 
farmers  will  decide  this  matter  rightly 
if  it  is  threshed  out  before  great 
changes  and  individual  decisions  are 
made.-; — J.  R.  M.,  New  York. 

— a.  a. — 

Soil  Your  •funk  Now 

Don’t  miss  the  article  about  selling 
old  junk.  Page  25?  Both  in  your  home 
or  around  the  farm  you  may  have 
enough  junk  not  only  to  bring  you  a 
few  extra  dollars,  but  to  make  a  real 
contribution  toward  winning  this  war. 
Scrap  is  one  of  the  vital  needs  of  your 
country  right  now. 


This  barn  on  the  farm  of  James  Arnold  of  Hagamans,  New  York,  was  built  by 
D.  W.  Hope  of  Tribes  Hill  in  1941.  The  bam  is  106  feet  long  and  36  feet  wide,  with 
a  wing  45  feet  by  16  feet,  and  is  “Jamesway”  planned  and  equipped.  The  Marietta 
concrete  stave  silo  is  14  feet  by  40  feet.  The  beamless  hay  mow  has  a  capacity 
of  160  tons. 

The  barn  has  33  cow  stanchions,  a  bull  pen,  a  cow-  pen,  two  calf  pens,  a  feed 
room,  horse  stalls,  and  pens  for  18  head  of  young  stock.  . 

The  roofing  is  of  Jamesway  galvanized  iron,  and  the  sides  are  covered  with  ship- 
lap,  Sisalkraft  paper,  and  Johns  Mansville  absestos  shingles.  Johns  Mansville 
sheeting  is  used  on  the  stable  ceiling  and  the  sidewalls  are  insulated  with  Jamesway 
improved  insulation.  The  barn  has  an  automatic  electric  ventilating  system. 

Mr.  Arnold  was  named  a  New  York  State  Master  Farmer  in  1935. 


NEW  MACHINES:  Do  not  con' 

i«n  »  - - elude,  be¬ 

cause  of  all  the  talk  about  shortages  of 
equipment,  that  there  is  absolutely  none 
to  be  had.  Look  through  recent  issues 
of  American  Agriculturist  for  farm  ma¬ 
chinery  advertisers.  Get  catalogs  and 
information  from  these  concerns.  For 
example,  here  are  a  few : 

THE  FERGUSON-SHERMAN  MANU¬ 
FACTURING  CORP.,  Dept  19,  Dearborn, 
Michigan;  LE  ROY  PLOW  COMPANY, 
LeRoy,  N.  Y. ;  ROTOTILLER,  INC.,  De¬ 
partment  Q,  Troy,  N.  Y. ;  J.  I.  CASE 
COMPANY,  Department  B-6,  Racine,  Wis¬ 
consin  ;  INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER 
COMPANY,  180  N.  Michigan  Ave.,  Chica¬ 
go,  Illinois;  BRILLION  IRON  WORKS, 
INC.,  0rillion,  Wisconsin;  DE  LAVAL 
SEPARATOR  COMPANY,  Department 
1-49,  165  Broadway,  N.  Y. ;  ALLIS-- 

CHALMERS  MANUFACTURING  COM¬ 
PANY,  Department  34,  Milwaukee,  Wis¬ 
consin;  NEW  IDEA,  INC.,  Department 
772,  Coldwater,  Ohio ;  PAPEC  MACHINE 
COMPANY,  392  S.  Main  St.,  Shortsville, 
N.  Y. 


ing  the  emergency.  Along  this  line  the 
Le  Roy  Company  writes : 

“Most  of  our  effort  must  be  directed  to 
furnishing  replacement  parts,  of  which 
we  have  at  present  an  adequate  supply. 
In  order  to  conserve  materials  and  in¬ 
sure  the  most  efficient  operation  of  the 
Le  Roy  implements,  we  urge  all  our 
farmer  friends  to  keep  their  equipment 
under  cover,  protected  from  the  weather, 
make  proper  adjustments  when  needed, 
and  keep  moving  parts  well  lubricated. 
When  replacements  are  necessary  we  will 
continue  to  supply  them  to  the  best  of 
our  ability  through  our  regular,  esablish- 
ed  distributors  and  dealers.” 


MAPLE  SUGAR:  Tt  baa  baen+  Pra‘ 

dieted  that  the 
demand  for  maple  products  will  be  un¬ 
usually  good  this  spring.  That  seems 
reasonable  when  we  hear  plans  for  sugar 
rationing.  A  post  card  to  the  G.  H. 
GRIMM  COMPANY,  Rutland,  Vermont, 
will  bring  you  their  Circular  B.  This 
concern  points  out  that  their  stock  of 
maple  sugar  equipment  is  limited,  but 
orders  placed  now  can  be  handled. 


LONGER  WEAR:  In  the  present 

— “tight”  tire 
situation,  manufacturers  are  doing  an 
excellent  job  of  spreading  information  on 
care  of  tires.  For  example,  there  is  the 
booklet  “How  to  Get  Maximum  Perform¬ 
ance  and  Longer  Wear  From  Your  Trac¬ 
tor  and  Implement  Tires.”  You  can  get 
it  without  charge  from  your  local  Fire¬ 
stone  dealer  or  direct  from  the  FIRE¬ 
STONE  FARM  SERVICE  BUREAU, 
Akron,  Ohio.  The  book  also  tells  you  what 
inflation  to  carry,  how  to  use  calcium 
chloride  in  tires,  and  how  to  apply  worn 
tires  to  farm  wagons. 

WAR  POLICY:  For  more  than 

—1111,1  mi — — nr —  sixty  years  the 

LE  ROY  PLOW  COMPANY,  Le  Roy, 
N.  Y.,  has  been  supplying  farmers  in  the 
Northeast  with  implements  and  equip¬ 
ment  made  from  the  best  materials  ob¬ 
tainable  and  manufactured  by  skilled,  ex¬ 
perienced  workmen.  Now  the  Nation’s 
united  efforts  to  bring  this  war  to  a 
quick  and  victorious  ending  make  it  diffi¬ 
cult,  and  in  some  cases  impossible,  for 
Le  Roy  and  other  manufacturers  to  ob¬ 
tain  necessary  materials  for  building  new 
implements.  Fortunately  the  trade  is 
pretty  well  stocked  with  most  of  the 
implements.  And  it  will  do  its  utmost  to 
continue  to  serve  the  farmers’  needs  dur¬ 


STEP-S  AYERS:  Improvements 

i— ■— i  made  on  the 
farm  this  year  should  be  of  the  step-sav¬ 
ing  variety.  Where  concrete  is  indicated, 
you  will  find  the  PORTLAND  CEMENT 
ASSOCIATION,  Department  K-3B-1,  347 
Madison  Ave.,  New  York  City,  an  excel¬ 
lent  source  of  information.  For  example, 
there  is  their  booklet  “Concrete  Improve¬ 
ments  Around  the  Home.”  This  is  just 
one  of  the  available  helps;  You  can  get 
information  on  practically  any  problem 
that  concerns  the  use  of  concrete. 

IF  YOU  RAKE:  We  have  Prepar- 

HHaHBaR  ed,  and  will  send 
absolutely  free  to  you,  a  yeast  recipe 
book  full  of  such  grand  recipes  as  Oven 
Scones,  Cheese  Puffs,  Honey  Pecan  Buns, 
Coffee  Cakes  and  Rolls.  Just  drop  a 
card  with  your  name  and  address  to 
STANDARD  BRANDS,  INC.,  691  Wash¬ 
ington  St.,  New  York  City. 

SHEEP:  “Harvesting  the  Farm  Flock 
Wool  Crop”  is  the  title  of  a 
booklet  which  you  can  get  from  the 
CHICAGO  FLEXIBLE  SHAFT  COM¬ 
PANY,  Department  2,  5600  Roosevelt 

Road,  Chicago,  Illinois.  Wool  is  bringing 
a  good  price  these  days,  but  there  are  few 
men  who  can  afford  to  “harvest  the  crop” 
in  the  old-fashioned  way. 


(222)  28 


Ai  ,erica.n  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


New  England  FarmNews 

P-  - — . 


MAINE 

Home  Made  Bam  —  Even  though  a 
new  barn  was  completed  several 
months  ago,  “before  the  war,”  by  Leon 
R.  Bowie  in  the  town  of  Durham,  it 
might  well  be  called  a  war-time  struc¬ 
ture.  It  is  almost  wholly  “homemade.” 
That  is,  the  lumber  all  came  from  the 
Bowie  .woods,  even  to  the  clapboards 
and  the  shingles.  The  hardware,  which 
of  course  did  not  come  from  the  farm, 
was  secured  before  there  was  such  a 
shortage. 

The  Bowie  barn  was  built  wholly  by 
Mr.  Bowie  and  his  two  sons,  even  to 
the  concrete  work.  It  is  34  x  60  feet 
in  size,  one  story  after  the  modern 
style,  with  water  bowls,  milking  ma¬ 
chine,  ventilation  by  electricity.  It  is 
built  onto  the  side  of  the  present  barn, 
where  hay  is  kept,  and  of  course  is 
near  the  silo. 

For  the  last  20  years,  Mr.  Bowie  has 
been  building  up  a  herd  of  Polled 
Milking  Shorthorns  which  he  likes  very 
much.  Prominent  as  former  president 
of  the  Maine  Dairymen’s  association, 
Mr.  Bowie  has  been  very  active  in  pro¬ 
moting  the  affairs  of  the  milk  produc¬ 
ers  in  the  State.  Mr.  Bowie  has  two 
sons  who  are  subject  to  the  draft  and 
no  exemption  has  been  asked.  He 
says  that  he  and  his  fellow  farmers 
have  become  used  to  long  hours  and 
low  wages  and  they  can  keep  right  on. 
They  are  determined  to  keep  the  farm 
going  with  production  at  its  utmost 
and  hope  to  do  better  than  usual  this 
coming  season. 

Town  Meetings  —  Town  meetings  in 
Maine  are  real  rural  institutions,  al¬ 
though  some  farmers  say  they  are 
dominated  too  much  by  the  “poll  tax¬ 
payers.”  They  are  over  for  this  year, 
except  that  many  special  meetings 
will  be  held  where  the  towns  did  not 
raise  enough  money  for  defense. 

A  great  many  of  the  towns  are  now 
using  the  system  of  a  secret  ballot 
for  election  .of  officers.  A  general 
meeting  is  held  for  raising  money  and 
other  business  in  the  morning,  and  the 
elections  are  held  in  the  afternoon. 
This  system  has  reduced  the  hours 
spent  at  town  meeting  through  the 
day. 

Orchard  Meeting  —  Every  winter,  Ox¬ 
ford  County  orchardists  have  a  meet¬ 
ing  in  the  town  of  Buckfield.  The 
speakers  at  the  meeting  on  March  17, 
Smith  Mclntire  and  Merle  Hilburn  of 
the  Extension  Service,  discussed  plans 
now  operating  to  help  farmers  grow 
more  food  and  get  more  help,  and  also 
the  arrangements  by  which  Maine 
orchardists  may  now  get  more  hardy 
stock  for  apple  trees.  Virgil  Smith, 
county  and  town  orchard  project  lead¬ 
er,  arranged  the  meeting. — Vincent  J. 
Canham. 

VERMONT 

Poultry  Farming,  City  Style  —  City 
poultry  farming  may  be  common  prac¬ 
tice  in  some  parts  of  the  country,  but 
not  in  Vermont.  That’s  one  reason 
why  enterprise  of  James  F.  Ewing  of 
Montpelier  is  of  exceptional  interest. 
Another  reason  might  be  that  although 
Mr.  Ewing  is  an  ex-mayor  of  his  city, 
the  state’s  capital  city  at  that,  he  is 
one  ex-mayor  who  raises  poultry  not 
as  a  hobby,  gentleman  farmer  style, 
but  as  a  business  and  has  made  good 
at  it. 

On  a  not  over-large  backyard  lot  in 
a  part  of  town  so  compact  that  his 
nlant  might  easily  be  overlooked 
among  the  other  buildings,  Mr.  Ewing 
winters  well  over  1,000  laying  birds. 
This  he  does  in  a  two-decker  48x24  lay¬ 


ing  house  and  one  smaller  house.  He 
does  have  a  growing  range  just  on 
the  edge  of  town,  but  even  at  that  he 
has  raised  some  birds  which  never  have 
stepped  foot  on  ground.  City  water 
and  electric  lights  without  expensive 
extension  costs  are  among  advantages 
which  Mr.  Ewing  cites  for  an  in-town 
plant  such  as  he  operates.  Shorter 
hauls  necessary  for  grain  and  for  de¬ 
livery  of  eggs  may  also  be  worthwhile 
gains  in  view  of  emergency  transpor¬ 
tation  restrictions. 

The  Ewing  plant  birds  are  all  of  the 
“black”  or  Hall  cross,  from  R.  I.  Red 
males  and  Barred  Plymouth  hens;  and 
pullet  chicks  which  can  be  determined 
as  result  of  this  cross  are  purchased 
from  hatcheries.  Already  in  mid- 
March  there  were  about  650  five  and 
six  week  old  chicks  there  getting  off 
to  a  good  start. 

Of  special  note,  also,  is  fact  that 
large  part  of  egg  output  from  Mr. 
Ewing’s  flocks  is  handled  through  Ver¬ 
mont  Maple  Cooperative  of  Essex 
Junction,  which  acts  as  sales  agency 
for  a  number  of  other  farm  products 
besides  maple.  Eggs  were  taken  on  a 
year  or  two  ago,  and  through  contracts 
with  certain  chain  systems,  local  stores 
are  supplied  by  cooperating  members. 
All  eggs  furnished  through  "co-op” 
order  must  be  graded  and  candled  be¬ 
fore  delivery  to  local  store,  and  top 
Boston  price  or  a  little  better,  is  basis 
of  payment. 

As  to  poultry,  “I  don’t  dress  any,” 
Mr.  Ewing  said.  Nor  does  he  have 
any  special  time  for  selling  off  live 
birds.  “I  just  keep  them  till  they  stop 
laying,”  he  explained.  Although  the 
business  on  its  present  scale  has  been 
going  but  a  matter  of  about  4  years, 
Mr.  Ewing  is  by  no  means  new  in  the 
poultry  business.  He  had  a  flock  in 
the  Storrs  contest  around  ten  years 
ago,  and  he  has  been  working  with 
poultry  to  some  extent  most  of  the 
time  since  he  came  out  of  the  Service 
at  the  end  of  World  War  I. 

Food  Rather  Than  Experience  from 
Gardens  —  A  garden  for  every  farm 
and  for  every  village  where  planting 
is  practical  is  goal  adopted  by  State 
Victory  Garden  Committee.  But  ac¬ 
cent  was  placed  on  “practical”  phase 


4-H  Boy  Aviator  —  Albert  Verrill,  son 
of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Beede  Verrill,  of  Au¬ 
burn,  Maine,  has  become  instructor  in 
aviation  at  the  U.  S.  Youth  project  at 
Quoddy.  Albert  was  successful  as  a 
4-H  member,  training  later  at  Quoddy 
and  at  New  York,  where  he  qualified  as 
an  instructor. — V.  W.  Canham. 

Boy  Wins  State  Award — First  prize  of 
$40  in  cash  and  a  medal  from  the 
American  Forestry  Association  was 
awarded  to  Wadsworth  Fyler  of  West 
Simsbury  at  the  annual  banquet  of  the 
Connecticut  Forest  and  Park  Associa¬ 
tion,  held  at  New  Haven. 

This  prize,  one  of  five  awards  to¬ 
taling  $75  and  1500  seedling  trees,  to 
4-H  Forestry  Clubs,  was  given  to 
“Waddy”  for  fine  forestry  work  done 
by  him  over  a  five-year  period  on  the 
Fyler  farm.  Extension  Forester  Floyd 
Callward  reported  that  Fyler  planted 
13,000  trees  in  the  past  five  years,  first 
clearing  the  land  of  worthless  trees  ana 
removing  cords  of  firewood.  Waddy 
also  helped  to  organize  the  West  Sims¬ 
bury  Fire  Fighting  Crew  and  went  out 
with  the  crew  to  fight  twenty  fires  dur¬ 
ing  1941. 

Other  prizes  went  to  Earl  Morse  of 
Eagleville,  who  has  planted  2000  trees 
and  cleared  considerable  area  of  hurri¬ 
cane  slash,  as  well  as  other  conserva- 


throughout  discussion  at  recent  Bur¬ 
lington  meeting  of  committee.  Repeti¬ 
tion  of  1918  lawn  and  hardpan  type 
of  war  gardening  with  consequent 
waste  of  seed,  fertilizer  and  effort  is 
not  the  kind  of  gardening  wanted. 

Early  Sugar  Season — To  time  and  tide, 
which  are  said  to  wait  for  no  man, 
might  well  be  added  maple  sugaring 
seasons.  This  year  many  towns  had 
arranged  to  have  school  vacations  cor¬ 
respond  with  time  when  “sugaring” 
may  generally  be  expected  to  be  hit¬ 
ting  on  high  so  as  to  provide  for  extra 
help  from  the  youngsters.  With  season 
coming  on  two  or  three  weeks  ahead 
of  normal,  however,  plans  were  dis¬ 
commoded  and  most  operators  are  go¬ 
ing  ahead  as  best  they  can  to  take 
advantage  of  what  looks  like,  at  time 
of  this  writing,  an  extra  long  season, 
a  most  timely  extra  long  one.  Tap¬ 
ping  began  in  some  early  orchards 
first  week  in  March,  even  in  more 
northern  sections. 

Inspector  Barnes  Now  Captain — Leav¬ 
ing  position  as  chief  inspector  for  Di¬ 
vision  of  Markets,  Vermont  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture,  M.  V.  Barnes  is 
now  in  active  service  as  Captain  in 
field  artillery.  Captain  Barnes  has 
gained  a  lot  of  friends  throughout  state 
in  course  of  his  12  years  service  with 
Agricultural  Department,  and  lots  of 
good  wishes  go  with  him  in  his  new 
duties. — Harold  L.  Bailey. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

Reelect  Sawyer  —  The  N.  H.  Ayrshire 
Breeders  Association  at  its  annual 
meeting,  recently  held  in  Concord,  re¬ 
elected  Arthur  Sawyer  of  Atkinson  as 
president.  Mr.  Sawyer  and  his  broth¬ 
er  and  father  operate  a  large  Ayrshire 
herd  in  Atkinson,  from  which  they 
retail  milk  in  Haverhill,  Mass. 

Governor  Robert  O.  Blood,  a  past 
president  of  the  association,  and  a 
prominent  Ayrshire  breeder  whose  herd 
is  in  East  Concord,  addressed  the 
group. 

Other  officers  are:  Milton  D.  Stone 
of  Tilton,  first  vice-president;  John 
Korpela,  Lebanon,  second  vice-presi¬ 
dent;  and  A.  G.  Clark  of  Concord,  sec¬ 
retary  and  treasurer.  Directors  are: 
Frank  Kimball,  Concord;  William 
Whiting,  Wilton;  Walter  Scammon, 
Stratham;  were  reelected  for  Merri¬ 
mack,  Hillsboro,  and  Rockingham 
counties  respectively.  Three  new  di¬ 
rectors  were  named:  Ben  Stockdale, 


tion  projects.  Third  prize  went  to  the 
Ansonia  Fire  Fighting  Crew,  a  4-H 
Club  organization  that  is  part  of  the 
State  Forestry  Fire  Service.  Fred  Karl 
of  Mansfield  Center  and  Albert  Wilkes 
of  Easton  won  fourth  and  fifth  prizes, 
respectively. — C.  B.  Knight. 

War-time  advice  to  Massachusetts 
4-H  leaders  from  Extension  Director 
Willard  A.  Munson  is  as  follows: 

Start  now  to  make  plans  that  will 
assure  a  successful  4-H  Victory  Garden 
for  every  garden  member. 

Make  plans  for  more  members  in  the 
baby  chick,  project. 

Encourage  every  member  to  salvage 
paper,  rags,  scrap  iron,  etc. 

Urge  club  members  to  make  timely 
repairs  on  farm  and  home  equipment, 
as  well  as  clothing  and  home  furnish¬ 
ings. 

Do  more  work.  We  will  all  have  to 
work  harder  and  we  must  do  it  with 
less  help. 

We  will  be  more  dependent  on  each 
other  and  our  own  resources  for  recrea¬ 
tion.  We  will  use  the  family  car  less 
and  this  means  that  we  will  find  our 
entertainment  at  home  and  with  our 
neighbors.  We  will  discover  many  op¬ 
portunities  to  make  our  club  meetings 
of  greater  service  and  enjoyment  to 
every  member.  — Walter  E.  Piper. 


Strafford  County;  George  Clement, 
Landaff,  Grafton  County;  and  Edgar 
Robinson,  Marlboro,  Cheshire  County. 

Bicycles  to  Save  Tires — Norman  Whip- 
pen,  4-H  Club  Agent  of  Sullivan  Coun¬ 
ty,  plans  to  save  his  automobile  tires. 
He  has  constructed  on  the  side  of  his 
car  a  rack  in  which  he  carries  his 
bicycle.  He  drives  his  car  from  his 
office  in  Claremont  to  the  town  where 
he  is  to  do  his  day’s  work,  parks  his 
car,  takes  his  bicycle  from  the  rack, 
and  peddles  about  town  to  make  his 
visits,  bringing  his  bicycle  back  to 
roost  on  the  car  much  as  the  modem 
fighter  plane  comes  home  to  roost  on 
the  airplane  carrier. 

Agricultural  Conference  Meets  —  The 
N.  H.  Agricultural  Conference,  com¬ 
posed  of  the  officers  of  the  several 
agricultural  organizations  of  the  state, 
recently  met  to  discuss  the  labor  prob¬ 
lem.  All  agreed  that  if  the  farmers 
were  to  meet  the  requests  of  the 
USD  A  in  increased  production,  some¬ 
thing  would  have  to  be  done  about  the 
labor  shortage.  They  recommended 
use  of  the  U.  S.  Employment  Service, 
high  school  youths,  and  women  as  the 
most  logical  means  of  alleviating  the 
situation.  Fruit  growers  reported 
very  good  assistance  last  fall  from 
high  school  boys,  and  the  Conference 
suggested  that  these  boys  be  made 
available  to  all  types  of  farmers  who 
could  use  them.  It  was  pointed  out  by 
several  in  attendance  that  women  could 
be  used  to  good  advantage  in  certain 
types  of  farm  work,  such  as  the  grad¬ 
ing  of  eggs  and  apples  and  the  hand¬ 
ling  of  milk  on  retail  milk  farms. 

Tires  for  Beer,  Not  for  Milk  —  An  in¬ 
teresting  controversy  recently  arose  in 
the  state  through  the  press  over  the 
tire  rationing  system  which  allows 
tires  for  the  wholesale  distribution  of 
beer,  but  prohibits  new  tires  for  the 
retail  distribution  of  milk.  This  situa¬ 
tion  exists  because  one  is  a  wholesale 
distribution  and  the  other  is  retail,  but 
many  people  feel  that  the  tires  which 
will  be  used  for  beer  had  better  be  us¬ 
ed  for  the  retail  distribution  of  milk. 
Local  rationing  boards  have  made  it 
clear  that  these  regulations  are  estab¬ 
lished  in  Washington,  and  not  locally. 

Putnam  Takes  Vacation  —  George  M. 
Putnam,  president  of  the  N.  H.  Farm 
Bureau  Federation,  and  president  or 
director  of  numerous  other  agricultur¬ 
al  organizations,  is  taking  a  vacation 
in  Florida.  His  friends  expect  he  will 
be  away  until  the  latter  part  of  March. 
It  has  been  so  long  since  his  last  vaca¬ 
tion  that  the  press  explains  that  his 
taking  a  vacation  is  as  unusual  as  a 
man  biting  a  dog. — Alfred  L.  French. 

CONNECTICUT 

Jar  Rubbers  Assured — Word  has  come 
that  Extension  Service  officials  at 
Washington  anticipate  there  will  be 
plenty  of  jar  rubbers  for  the  coming 
canning  season.  In  Connecticut  we  are 
urged,  however,  to  plant  more  vege¬ 
tables  which  may  be  stored,  and  also 
to  plan  to  conserve  some  vegetables  by 
drying  and  brining.  Further  details  on 
this  program  will  be  forthcoming. 

Change  of  Name  —  The  Connecticut 
State  Employment  Service,  to  which  so 
many  farmers  have  turned  for  labor, 
has  become  a  part  of  the  Federal  sys¬ 
tem  and  is  now  known  as  U.  S.  Em¬ 
ployment  Service.  The  change  is  in 
name  only.  The  same  type  of  service 
will  be  rendered. 

“Sugaring  Time”  —  The  frosty  nights 
and  bright,  sunny  days  of  late  winter 
and  early  spring  may  help  to  alleviate 
the  sugar  shortage  for  Connecticut 
woodland  owners  having  sugar  maples. 
It  is  quite  probable  that  by  the  time 
this  is  printed,  sugar  will  be  rationed 
at  approximately  %  of  a  pound  pea” 
( Continued  on  opposite  page) 


WITH  NEW  ENGLAND  BOYS  AND  GIRLS 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


29  (  223) 


Masdiei  fcanxMnet&i 


By  WALTER  E.  PIPER 


MILK  MARKETS 


\ 


received  by  farmers  for  eggs  at  not  less 
_  ,  ^  than  85  per  cent  of  parity.  The  De- 

Amendment  o  os  on  r  er  —  ew  pard:men{.  ^  prepared  to  make  heavy  ......  ,  ,  , 

proposal  of  Roy  Hendrickson  Adminis-  purchases  0/eg^s  ln  the  months  ’t  key  is  found  in  greatest  numbers  The 


alive  in  1941  was  15.9  pounds,  which 
is  the  heaviest  of  record,  5  per  cent 
heavier  than  in  1940.  The  average 
weight  of  turkeys  sold  has  increased 
gradually  since  1930  due  mainly  to 
breeders’  efforts  to  increase  size  of 
birds.  The  breeders  of  bronze  turkeys 
were  especially  successful  in  develop¬ 
ing  the  mammoth  bronze.  The  heavi¬ 
est  birds  are  found  on  the  Pacific 
Coast,  where  the  mammoth  bronze  tur- 


trator  of  the  Agricultural  Marketing 
Administration,  would  prevent  a  sched¬ 
uled  drop  in  the  Class  1  price  to  pro¬ 
ducers  in  the  Boston  and  the  Lowell- 
Lawrence  marketing  areas. 

Hendrickson  plan  is  that  present 
price  for  Class  1  milk  be  continued 


flush  production.  In  addition  to  the 
large  volume  of  dried  eggs  to  be  ob¬ 
tained,  shell  eggs  of  United  States 
wholesale  and  export  trades  (with  and 
without  shell  treatment)  will  be  pur¬ 
chased.  United  States  wholesale  grades 


average  turkey  hen  sold  in  the  United 
States  in  1941  weighed  12.7  pounds 
alive  and  11.5  pounds"  dressed,  and  the 
average  tom  weighed  19.1  pounds  alive 
and  17.1  pounds  dressed. 


-A.  A.- 


BAIIOMETER  READINGS 


,  ...  of  fresh  shell  eggs  will  be  used  for 

through  the  season  of  flush  production.  gchool  lunchi  re]ief  and  other  immediate 

It  further  Provides  for  an  au  oma  ic  distribution  purpOSes,  and  for  storage  Higher  Egg  Prices— Despite  the  much 

increase  of  23  cents  per  u  g  for  subsequent  distribution.  Export  larger  egg  production  in  prospect  for 

m  the  Class  1  puce  w  enevei  grade  eggs  will  be  used  largely  for  this  vear  it  is  likely  that  egg  prices 

wholesale  quotation  for  92  score  butter  fend-lease  shipments.  7  ’  Y  gg  P 

at  New  York  reaches  and  maintains  a 
level  of  40  cents  per  pound.  In  the 

absence  of  a  rise  in  the  butter  market,  TURKEY  GROWERS 
the  present  Class  1  price  of  $3.63  at 
city  plants  and  $3,189  at  country  plants 
in  the  200-mile  zone  would  continue 


TALK  MORE  TURKEY 

Turkey  production  in  the  North  At- 
until  April  1,  1943,  under  the  proposal,  lantic  states,  including  New  England, 
Copies  of  the  proposal  have  been  mail-  during  the  coming  season  is  estimated 
ed  to  all  handlers  and  associations  of  as  7  per  cent  more  than  a  year  ago, 
producers  by  Richard  D.  Aplin,  Acting  and  U.  S.  increase  is  8  per  cent.  These 


Market  Administrator. 

Increase  in  July  —  Unless  an  amend¬ 
ment  is  made  to  the  present  Order,  the 
current  price  would  automatically  be 
reduced 

on  April  1  of  this  year.  Cooperative 
associations  had  requested  continua- 


figures  are  based  -on  “intention”  re¬ 


will  average  higher  than  they  did  in 
1941,  says  U.S.D.A.  Reasons:  (1)  A 
stronger  domestic  consumer  demand, 
(2)  prospective  large  purchases  by  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  for  lend- 
lease,  and  (3)  a  storage  demand  fully 
as  strong  as  in  1941,  if  not  stronger. 
By-Product  Feeds  —  Total  production 
of  high-protein  feeds  during  1941-42 
probably  will  be  a  little  larger  than  in 
1940-41.  The  volume  of  soybeans  and 


ports  from  growers  to  U.  S.  Bureau  of  flaxseed  crushed  in  the  United  States 

will  be  much  larger  than  in  1940-41. 
Soybean  cake  and  meal  production 


Agricultural  Economics. 

You  can’t  always  tell  how  these  “in 


tentions”  will  work  but  they  are  rnay  be^around  25  per  cent  larger  and 


37  cents  per  hundredweight  _  ,  ,.  y  ,  . 

.  .  r.  worth  watching.  Intentions  and  actual 

1  of  this  year.  Cooperative  .  ,  ,  , 


linseed  cake  and  meal  production  may 
be  10  to  15  per  cent  larger  than  in 


performance  may  differ  somewhat,  de- 
associauons  naa  requested  contmua-  pending  Qn  the  price  of  feed)  the  supply  1940-41.  The  production  of  cottonseed 

tion  of  the  present  price  during  the  and  price  Qf  hatchery  eggg>  and.poult  cake  and  meal,  on  the  other  hand,  dur- 
sprmg  months  with  an  automatic  in-  riT,.f>oc  HllTHrio.  ing  1941-42,  probably  will  be  down  at 


crease  of  47  cents  on  July  1,  regard¬ 
less  of  the  price  for  butter. 


prices  during  the  hatching  season. 

In  former  years,  1941  excepted,  the  l®ast  10  per  cent,  compared  with  1940- 
intention  of  turkey  producers  to  buy  41,  and  production  of  peanut  and  copra 


Hendrickson  plan  also  provides  for  and  hatch  lt  has  slightly  exceeded  cakes  and  meals  win  be  considerably 

their  actual  performance.  In  1938,  in-  smaller. 

tentions  exceeded  performance  by  3  Jewish  Holidays  —  Important  Jewish 
per  cent,  in  1939  by  2  per  cent,  in  1940  Passover  holidays  will  be  observed  on 
by  4  per  cent.  But  in  1941  slightly  April  2-3  and  April  8-9.  Some  extra 
,  .  ,  ,  more  turkeys  were  produced  than  was  demand  for  fancy  apples  and  poultry 

markets  to  classify  buttermi  an  indicated  by  the  February  1  report.  is  expected  for  a  few  days  prior  to 

cultured  skim  milk  as  Class  mi  The  average  weight  per  bird  sold  these  holiday  periods. 


pricing  all  milk  sold  in  outside  mar¬ 
kets  by  Boston  or  Lowell-Lawrence 
handlers  at  the  same  price  as  milk  sold 
within  those  marketing  areas.  Pro¬ 
vision  would  be  made  in  the  Orders  for 


Market  Gardeners’  Association  and  al¬ 
so  of  the  Middlesex  County  Farm  Bu¬ 
reau,  and  at  present  is  on  the  board 
of  directors  of  each  of  those  organiza¬ 
tions. 

He  was  one  of  the  pioneer  workers 
in  starting  the  Boston  Regional  Pro¬ 
duce  Market,  and  at  present  is  serv¬ 
ing  as  a  director  of  market  group.  Joe 
has  taken  over  his  new  job  with  a  full 
knowledge  of  the  aims  and  scope  of 
the  work  of  the  state  federation,  hav¬ 
ing  served  as  first  vice-president  dur¬ 
ing  the  past  five  years.  During  that 
time  he  has  had  the  opportunity  of  be¬ 
ing  closely  associated  with  Charlie  B. 
Jordan  of  Holden,  veteran  farm  lead¬ 
er,  who  retires  as  federation  head  be¬ 
cause  of  the  pressure  of  work  con¬ 
nected  with  his  many  defense  activi¬ 
ties. 

Laconic  Report  —  Tip  for  refuddled 
town  officials  who  dread  the  annual 
job  of  making  detailed  reports  at  town 
meeting  is  the  laconic  account  of  the 
year’s  activities  submitted  by  the  not- 
too-busy  fence  viewers  of  the  town 
of  Milton.  Said  John  H.  Marr  and 
Richard  H.  Schmidt  a  fortnight  ago 
in  shortest-on-record  report:  “We  have 
conscientiously  attended  to  our  duties 
during  1941.” 

Auto  Scrap  Metal  —  County  U.S.D.A. 
War  Boards  in  Massachusetts  are  re¬ 
porting  on  all  auto  graveyards  in  rural 
areas,  and  in  towns  and  cities  of  less 
than  15,000  population.  The  check-up 
is  part  of  the  national  survey  for  the 
purpose  of  reclaiming  auto  scrap  metal. 
Representatives  of  the  county,  working 
under  the  direction  of  the  state  War 
Board,  will  visit  the  yards  in  their 
locality  and  interview  someone  on  the 
premises  to  obtain  the  information 
needed  to  fill  out  the  special  cards,  in¬ 
cluding  an  estimate  of  the  number  of 
cars  in  the  yard.  It  is  expected  that 
the  auto  graveyard  project  in  the  U.  S. 
will  yield  three  to  four  million  tons  of 
scrap  iron  and  steel  critically  needed 
this  year  .—Walter  E.  Piper. 


and  to  revise  the  Class  2  price  formula 
to  make  use  of  price  quotations  for 
dry  skim  milk  which  are  published  by 
the  U.S.D.A. 

Also  included  is  an  increase  of  14 
cents  per  hundredweight  in  the  price 
for  Class  2  milk  received  at  city  plants 
subject  to  the  Boston  Order.  It  is 


New  England  Farm  News 

( Continued  from  opposite  page ) 


person  per  week  in  Connecticut. 

Farm  Bureau  Election  —  Mr.  George 


North 


Spencer;  and  J.  J.  Warren, 
Brookfield. 

Significance  of  the  record  egg  lay 
of  R.O.P.  birds  during  the  past  year 
can  be  better  understood  when  it  is 


proposed  that  the  maximum  assess-  Holt  of  Newington,  who  has  served  for 
ment  for  cost  of  administration  of  the  twQ  yearg  ag  treasurer  of  the  Hartford 

Boston  Order  be  increased  from  2  cents  County  Farm  Bureau>  was  elected  _  _ 

to  2.5  cents  per  hundreds  eight  of  milk  president  Qf  the  organization  at  the  compared  with  average  production, 
i  eceived  from  producers  and  that  the  annuad  meeting  held  in  Hartford.  Other  Massachusetts  average  of  all  birds, 
provisions  pertaining  to  payments  to  0flgcers  elected  were:  First  vice-presi-  both  in  and  out  of  R.O.P.,  is  156  and 
cooperative  associations  from  the  Bos-  dent)  william  Wadsworth  of  Farming-  this  in  itself  is  a  high  figure  for  the 
ton  poed  be  revised  for  clarity  and  to  ton;  Second  vice-president,  Mrs.  L.  D,.  u.  S.,  and  compares  with  a  national 
facilitate  the  administration  of  the  plan.  Holcombe  of  West  Simsbury;  Secre-  average  around  100.  The  whopping 

High  Milk  Production _ An  unusually  tary,  E.  B.  Woolam  of  East  Windsor;  253  mark  of  R.O.P.  flocks  is  therefore 

large  seasonal  increase  in  milk  flow  Treasurer,  Emil  Mulnite^East^Windsor.  nearly  100  eggs  better  than  the  state 
during  the  past  month  has  boosted  New 
England  milk  production  to  the  highest 
figure  for  March  1  since  1931.  All 
states  are  above  the  average  for  this 
period  and  all  except  Maine  are  ahead 
of  a  year  ago. 

On  March  1  the  number  of  dry  cows 
in  the  herds  of  crop  correspondents 
reported  to  the  U.S.D.A.  was  24.2  per 
cent  of  all  cows,  which  is  below  the  per 
cents  reported  dry  a  month  ago  and  a 

year  ago  respectively,  but  slightly  above  number  “of  birds  nassino- 
the  ten-year  average.  On  the  first  of  P  9  & 

this  month  New  England  dairymen 
were  feeding  an  average  of  5.6  pounds 
of  grain  per  cow  as  compared  to  the 
average  of  5  pounds  per  cow  reported 
on  March  1  of  last  year. 


-A.  A. 


— Clifford  B.  Knight. 

MASSACHUSETTS 

Poultrymen  Make  New  Record — Four¬ 
teen  Massachusetts  poultry  farms  have 
been  certified  as  qualified  for  Record 
of  Performance  Work  by  the  Massa¬ 
chusetts  Department  of  Agriculture, 
after  having  established  a  new  record 
during  the  past  year  in  egg  produc¬ 
tion  at  253.07  eggs  per  bird  per  year. 
A  new  high  has  also  been  reached  in 

R.O.P.  re¬ 
quirements,  with  a  total  of  5,220. 

The  complete  list  of  flock  owners  is 
as  follows :  Ralph  Anderson,  Rock¬ 
land;  C.  T.  Avery  &  Son,  Colrain; 
Harry  S.  Bennett,  North  Brookfield; 
Prentiss  B.  Childs,  Manomet;  Crooks’ 
Farm,  North  Brookfield;  Eastleigh 


EGG  PURCHASES 
PLANNED 

Surplus  marketing  authorities  in 


average  and  reflects  the  results  ob¬ 
tained  by  breeders  in  careful  selection 
and  mating. 

To  be  eligible  for  R.O.P.  in  Massa¬ 
chusetts,  a  flock  must  first  meet  the 
requirements  of  the  “Certified  Pul- 
lorum  Clean”  grade.  To  pass  R.O.P., 
a  bird  must  lay  in  365  consecutive  days 
200  or  more  eggs  which  average  to 
weigh  at  least  24  ounces  per  dozen 
after  the  first  ninety  days  of  laying. 
In  addition,  all  birds  must  meet  the 
body  weight  requirements  as  set  by 
the  Dept,  of  Agriculture." 

Decatur  Farm  Leader — Well  deserved 
recognition  of  his  leadership  in  farm  or¬ 
ganization  work  over  many  years  has 
come  to  Joseph  H.  Decatur  of  Way- 
land  with  his  election  as  president  of 
Farms,  Framingham;  Eugley’s  Poul-  the  Massachusetts  Farm  Bureau  Fed- 


ti’y  Plant,  North  Reading;  Lake  Win- 
throp  Poultry  Farm,  Holliston;  A.  C. 
Lawton,  Foxboro;  Norfolk  County 


Washington  say  the  federal  govern-  Agricultural  School,  Walpole;  E.  S. 
ment  is  ready  to  carry  forward  the  Parmenter,  Franklin;  Sunny  Bank 
announced  program  to  support  prices  Farms,  Littleton;  G.  B.  Treadwell, 


eration.  A  specialist  in  the  production 
of  high  quality  market  garden  prod 
ucts  on  a  large  scale  on  his  Wayland 
farm,  Joe  has  also  taken  a  leading  part 
in  numerous  other  farm  activities. 

He  is  past  president  of  the  Boston 


In  BOSTON 


You  will  enjoy  the  many 
delightful  features  that  are 
yours  while  you  are  a  guest 
at  THE  KENMORE  .  .  . 
400  large  cheery  rooms, 
all  with  mb,  shower  and 
circulating  ice  water  .  .  . 
all  lobbies  delightfully 
cooled  and  air-conditioned 
dining  rooms.  Just  try  THE 
KENMORE  and  you  will 
agree  with  us  that  fine 
hotel  living  can  be  had 
at  the  — 


fez 


Send  for  color¬ 
ful  Historical 
Map  of  Boston. 


KENMORE 


f 


COMMONWEALTH  AVENUE 
at  KENMORE  SQUARE 

Special  2  and  3-Day  All-Expense 
Tours  —  rooms,  meals,  steam¬ 
boat  trips,  sightseeing  —  all  for 
$11.75  per  person. 

L.  E.  WITNEY,  Managing  Director 


(224)  30 

Kernels, 
Screenings 
and  Chaff 

By  II.  E.  BABCOCK 


THE  AUTHOR  of  Kernels, 
Screenings  and  Chaff  is  visiting 
his  son,  H.  E.  Babcock,  Jr.,  at 
South  Springs  Ranch,  Roswell,  New 
Mexico.  Following  is  a  report  of  some 
of  their  conversations. 

Chisholm  Bauch 

H.  E.  Babcock — Well,  Howard,  I  see 
the  State  of  New  Mexico  has  erected 
a  sign  at  the  point  where  the  driveway 
into  this  place  takes  off  from  the  main 
highway. 

H.  E.  Babcock,  Jr.  —  Yes,  Dad,  our 
state  government  has  been  very  active 
of  late  seeking  out  and  making  points 
of  interest  in  the  state.  It  planned  to 
attract  a  lot  of  tourists  here,  but  didn’t 
foresee  the  rubber  shortage. 

H.  E.  B. — Do  many  people  stop  to  see 
this  place? 

H.  E.  B.,  Jr. — Yes,  quite  a  lot. 

H.  E.  B. — Have  any  readers  of  this 
page  looked  you  up? 

H.  E.  B.,  Jr. — Several  parties  have 
stopped;  one  man,  I  recall,  was  from 
Maine. 

H.  E.  B. — As  I  understand  it,  Chis¬ 
holm,  the  famous  cattle  king,  made  this 
his  headquarters  back  in  1873.  Why  did 
he  locate  here? 

H.  E.  B.,  Jr. — In  those  days,  across 
the  road  from  where  we  are  sitting 
there  were  several  enormous  springs 
bubbling  from  the  ground  which  form¬ 
ed  the  source  of  the  South  Spring 
River.  These  springs  furnished  water 
for  Chisholm’s  immense  herds,  especi¬ 
ally  at  round-up  time  and  when  he  was 
gathering  a  herd  to  start  off  on  feme 
of  i  the  great  drives  which  made  the 
Chisholm  Trail  internationally  famous. 

H.  E.  B.  —  Is  there  anyone  around 
here  who  can  remember  the  Chisholm 
days  ? 

H.  E.  B.,  Jr. — Yes,  there  is  an  old 
Mexican  living  in  town  who  once  cook¬ 
ed  for  Chisholm.  Incidentally,  his 
daughter  is  married  to  one  of  the  boys 
working  on  the  ranch  now. 

H.  E.  B. — The  last  time  I  was  down, 
I  remember  that  the  president  of  your 
local  bank  told  me  that  when  he  was 
a  boy  he  had  helped  with  round-ups  on 
this  place  and  had  seen  as  many  as 
50,000  head  of  cattle  bunched  together 
around  these  springs.  They  certainly 
would  have  taken  a  lot  of  water. 

H.  E.  B.,  Jr.- — Well,  I  guess  there  was 
plenty  of  it  in  those  days.  Old  man 
Chisholm  knew  what  he  was  doing 
when  he  located  here. 

H.  E.  B. — Chisholm’s  brand  was  the 
‘long  rail  and  jingle-bob’  wasn’t  it? 
Isn’t  this  place  sometimes  known  as 
the  Jingle-bob  Ranch?  Can  you  de¬ 
scribe  the  Jingle-bob? 

H.  E.  B.,  Jr. — Yes,  I  believe  so.  The 
Jingle-bob  was  a  very  famous  mark. 
Both  ears  were  split  from  base  to  tip 
in  such  a  way  that  the  upper  half  of 
the  ear  remained  in  its  normal  position 
and  the  lower  half  fell  dangling  like 
a  spaniel’s  ears.  Very  few  cowboys  ever 
learned  how  to  make  this  mark.  The 
long  rail  was  simply  a  single  line  brand 
running  from  ear  to  tail  on  the  side 
of  the  animal. 

H.  E.  B. — According  to  history,  more 
cattle  bore  this  brand  than  ever  have 
been  under  one  brand  before  or  since. 
Is  that  right? 

H.  E.  B.,  Jr. — Yes,  although  there 
are  several  ranchers  who  have  since 
owned  as  many  cattle,  their  holdings 


are  generally  grouped  under  more  than 
one  brand. 

The  Development  of 
Irrigation 

H.  E.  B. — Why  is  it  that  the  South 
Springs  don’t  flow  any  more  and  that 
the  river  is  dried  up  ? 

H.  E.  B.,  Jr.— Well,  Dad,  that  is  a 
long  story  and  not  a  very  happy  one. 
I  will  refer  you  on  it  to  Dr.  A.  D.  Crile 
of  Roswell  who  first  recognized  the 
need  for  and  established  conservation 
methods. 

H.  E.  B. — I  see  Dr.  Crile  coming. 
Let’s  get  him  in  here  and  get  his  story. 

Dr.  Crile — Toward  the  close  of  the 
last  century,  someone  found  that  by 
drilling  200  to  350  feet  water  was 
reached  held  under  pressure  by  a  lime¬ 
stone  caprock.  This  water  flowed  to  the 
surface  in  wells  anywhere  the  ground 
level  was  lower  than  the  source  of  the 
South  Springs. 

H.  E.  B.— After  this  discovery  was 
made,  Dr.  Crile,  was  there  a  big  rush 
to  drill  wells  ? 

Dr.  Crile — Yes,  and  there  was  no  law 
regulating  this  drilling.  Anyone  could 
drill  and  use  any  kind  of  casing  and 
any  amount  of  water. 

H.  E.  B.  —  What  did  they  use  the 
water  for? 

Dr.  Crile- — Chiefly  for  growing  alf¬ 
alfa  and  grain  crops.  A  great  many 
orchards  were  planted  also.  These  were 
apple  orchards. 

H.  E.  B. — As  I  understand  it,  much 
of  this  place  was  set  out  to  apple  trees. 

Dr.  Crile — Yes  sir. 

H.  E.  B.— Did  the  apple  business  pan 
out? 

Dr.  Crile — No.  Some  varieties  were 
not  suitable  to  this  country.  Insects  and 
diseases  came  in,  and  most  important, 
the  section  was  too  far  removed  from 
markets. 

H.  E.  B. — Coming  back  to  the  springs 
drying  up,  was  it  drilling  that  caused 
the  trouble? 

Dr.  Crile — Yes,  excess  drilling.  The 
water  that  used  to  flow  out  of  the 
springs  came  from  the  overflow  of  an 
artesian  basin.  When  the  drilled  wells 
demanded  more  water  than  the  over¬ 
flow,  the  water  in  the  basin  receded  to 
the  extent  that  the  springs  stopped 
flowing. 

H.  E.  B. — How  about  the  wells? 

Dr.  Crile — Those  on  the  higher 
ground  quit  flowing. 

H.  E.  B. — What  did  the  owner  of 
those  wells  do? 

Dr.  Crile — Put  on  pumps.  Then 
when  their  neighbors  saw  the  pumps 
work,  they  began  to  drill  wells  even 
above  the  head  of  the  springs.  These 
wells  were  pumped. 

H.  E.  B. — What  was  the  effect  of  all 
this  drilling  and  pumping  on  the  water 
in  the  basin? 

Dr.  Crile — The  water  in  the  basin  be¬ 
gan  to  drop  very  rapidly.  Those  on 
the  higher  ground  had  to  lift  their 
water  so  high  that  it  was  not  profitable. 

H.  E.  B. — What  other  element  be¬ 
sides  use  of  water  entered  into  the 
situation  ? 

Dr.  Crile  —  In  time  the  poor  casing 
used  in  early  days  rusted  out  and  de¬ 
veloped  leaks  above  the  caprock. 

H.  E.  B. — All  in  all  then,  Dr.  Crile, 
the  supply  of  water  became  a  matter 
of  considerable  concern.  Is  that  right? 

Dr.  Crile — Yes,  it  became  so  uncer¬ 
tain  that  it  began  to  affect  our  land 
values  and  jeopardized  the  investments 
of  a  great  many  people.  We  simply 
had  to  do  something  about  it. 

H.  E.  B. — I  am  told  that  you  person¬ 
ally  took  the  lead  in  this  situation. 
What  did  you  do  ? 

Dr.  Crile — We  prepared  a  law  which 
put  the  regulation  of  the  use  of  the 
water  under  the  state  engineer  and 
forbade  drilling  any  more  wells  except 
with  his  permission. 

H.  E.  B. — Did  this  legislation  meet 
the  situation? 

Dr.  Crile  —  Not  entirely.  In  addi¬ 
tion,  we  had  a  law  passed  creating  con¬ 


servation  districts  to  check  the  waste 
of  water. 

H.  E.  B. — Howard,  do  you  come  un¬ 
der  this  regulation  ? 

H.  E.  B.,  Jr. — Yes,  we  have  three 
wells  on  this  place  but  we  can  only  use 
the  water  from  them  on  lands  upon 
which  the  state  engineer  has  establish¬ 
ed  a  water  right. 

H.  E.  B. — Does  the  water  right  mean 
that  you  can  pump  as  much  water  for 
that  land  as  you  want? 

Dr.  Crile — No.  No  one  can  use  to 
exceed  three  acre  feet  a  year. 

H.  E.  B. — On  how  many  acres  of 
land  do  you  have  water  right,  Howard? 

H.  E.  B.,  Jr. — On  about  700  acres. 

Cotton 

H.  E.  B. — When  the  orchards  went 
out,  Dr.  Crile,  what  crops  came  in  to 
take  their  place? 

Dr.  Crile — Cotton. 

H.  E.  B. — Has  cotton,  generally 
speaking,  proven  a  profitable  crop  for 
the  valley? 

Dr.  Crile — Very.  We  have  large 
yields  and  superior  quality. 

H.  E.  B. — What  do  you  mean  by  a 
large  yield  and  a  superior  quality? 

Dr.  Crile — We  produce  double  the 
yield  of  lint  for  the  average  of  the 
United  States,  and  a  superior  quality 
because  of  the  absence  of  rain. 

H.  E.  B. — And  then  there  is  some 
seed,  too,  isn’t  there? 

Dr.  Crile — Yes. 

H.  E.  B. — How  many  pounds  of  lint 
and  how  many  pounds  of  cotton  seed  to 
the  acre  make  a  good  crop? 

Dr.  Crile — Let  Howard  answer  that. 
He’s  a  cotton  farmer. 

H.  E.  B.,  Jr.— Well,  I’ll  be  content 
with  750  pounds  of  lint  and  1200  pounds 
of  seed. 

H.  E.  B. — What  are  the  present 
prices  for  lint  and  seed  ? 

H.  E.  B.,  Jr. — There  is  a  price  estab¬ 
lished  at  which  strict  middling  cotton 
should  bring  about  nineteen  cents.  Seed 
is  worth  about  two  cents  a  pound. 

H.  E.  B. — What  is  this  I  hear  about 
the  need  for  longer  staple  cotton?  Are 
you  doing  anything  to  meet  it? 

H.  E.  B.,  Jr.- — You  have  probably 
heard  a  lot  about  Egyptian  cotton.  It 
is  cotton  with  a  staple  length  of  an 
inch  and  a  half  or  more.  It  cannot  be 
grown  too  successfully  here.  However, 
we  can  grow  a  longer  staple  cotton 
than  we  are  now  growing,  and  since 
this  is  badly  needed  for  war  purposes, 
I  am  testing  4  or  5  varieties  in  coop¬ 
eration  with  the  U.S.D.A. 

H.  E.  B.— Dr.  Crile,  do  you  think 
these  tests  will  pan  out? 

Dr.  Crile — Yes  sir,  I  do. 

H.  E.  B.— You  speak  from  experi¬ 
ence,  don’t  you,  Doctor? 

Dr.  Crile — I  planted  the  first  cotton 
in  this  valley  in  1920,  and  in  1923  I 
grew  inch  and  a  quarter  cotton  which 
sold  then  for  ten  cents  premium  and 
which  would  sell  now  for  eleven  cents 
premium.  There  is  no  reason  why 
Howard  can’t  do  it  now.  This  type  of 
cotton  is  in  demand. 

Guayule  For  Rubber 

H.  E.  B. — How  about  this  new  rub¬ 
ber  plant — guayule,  isn’t  it?  Will  it 
grow  here? 

H.  E.  B„  Jr.— I  don’t  know.  You 
saw  that  United  States  Forestry  Serv¬ 
ice  truck  here  this  morning,  didn’t  you? 

H.  E.  B. — -Yes,  what  did  those  fel¬ 
lows  want? 

H.  E.  B  ,  Jr. — They  were  sent  out 
here  by  the  county  agent  to  see  if  1 
would  cooperate  with  them  in  growing 
guayule. 

H.  E.  B. — What  did  you  decide? 

H.  E.  B.,  Jr. — I  told  them  that  I 
would  be  glad  to  help  if  my  farm  was 
suitable,  and  after  a  survey  they  said 
it  was.  About  the  first  of  April,  I 
will  receive  plants  enough  to  set  out 
an  acre  test  plot. 

H.  E.  B. — Did  they  tell  you  anything 
about  the  culture  of  the  plant  and 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 

when  it  will  be  harvested  ?  How  much 
rubber  do  they  hope  to  produce  to  the 
acre  ? 

H.  E.  B.,  Jr.— The  whole  idea  of  the 
test  is  to  get  the  answers  to  your 
questions.  However,  as  I  understand 
it,  guayule  takes  from  two  to  four 
years  to  mature  sufficiently  for  har¬ 
vesting.  I  also  understand  that  it  has 
to  be  dug  up,  as  there  is  as  much  rub¬ 
ber  in  the  roots  as  in  the  top.  It  is 
nothing  that  I  expect  to  grow  rich  out 
of  but  I  want  to  help  get  what  infor¬ 
mation  I  can  for  the  U.S.D.A. 

Other  Crops 

H.  E.  B. — What  other  crops  will  you 
grow  this  year  besides  cotton  and  the 
test  plot  of  guayule? 

H.  E.  B.,  Jr.- — I  have  in  47  acres  of 
oats,  and  will  plant  200  acres  of  cot¬ 
ton,  about  200  acres  of  Wheatland 
maize,  40  acres  of  corn,  and  keep  the 
rest  in  alfalfa  hay. 

H.  E.  B.— Dr.  Crile,  what  is  wheat- 
land  maize? 

Dr.  Crile  —  It  is  a  newly  developed 
maize  variety  that  grows  short  enough 
to  combine  and  which  produces  a  soft 
yellow  grain  which  has  more  feeding 
value  than  the  white  maize.  There 
are  as  many  leaves  on  this  short  stalk 
as  there  are  on  stalks  twice  as  high. 

H.  E.  B.— Does  it  yield  well? 

H.  E.  B.,  Jr. — In  spite  of  the  rains 
last  year  we  cut  95  bushels  on  one 
field.  In  average  years  it  will  produce 
equal  or  better  than  this. 

H.  E.  B. — How  are  you  getting  along 
with  your  work  ? 

H.  E.  B.,  Jr. — Well,  we  seem  to  be 
a  little  behind,  but  we  are  catching 
up  rapidly. 

H.  E.  B. — What  are  you  doing  on  the 
farm  today? 

H.  E.  B.,  Jr. — This  morning  we 
started  four  tractors  at  plowing  and 
fitting  land,  six  horses  on  the  land  level 
preparing  cotton  ground  for  watering, 
two  teams  drawing  manure,  and  two 
men  checking  and  building  fence 
around  part  of  the  alfalfa  which  will 
be  hog  pasture.  In  all,  eleven  men 
are  working. 

— a.  a. — 

Why  First-Run  Syrup  is 

Rost 

Dean  Carl  Ladd  of  the  New  York 
State  College  of  Agriculture  and  I  have 
just  been  visiting  about  making  maple 
syrup  and  sap  in  the  Horse  and  Buggy 
Days.  (By  the  way,  the  stories  about 
Growing  Up  in  the  Horse  and  Buggy 
Days  will  be  resumed  in  the  next  is¬ 
sue  of  American  Agriculturist). 

Well,  Carl  had  in  his  pocket  an  old 
sap  spile  made  from  pine  which  he  had 
found  in  his  farm  garret.  A  hole  had 
been  burned  through  the  center  with  a 
hot  wire  to  let  the  sap  through.  A  sap 
spile  made  from  pine  was  a  new  one 
on  me.  Years  ago  I  helped  make  them 
out  of  elderwood,  which  has  a  pithy 
center,  but  I  never  before  saw  one 
made  out  of  pine.  Have  you? 

We  were  visiting,  also,  about  why 
first  run  syrup  is  always  so  much  bet¬ 
ter  than  any  made  later.  It  seems  that 
the  earliness  of  tapping  has  nothing  to 
do  with  it.  You  can  tap  the  sugar  bush 
near  the  end  of  the  season  and  the 
first  run  sap  will  make  the  same  high 
quality  syrup  or  sugar.  The  difference 
is  not  in  the  sap  but  in  the  condition 
of  the  utensils.  After  the  spiles  and 
buckets  have  been  out  for  a  short  time, 
bacteria  work  on  them,  and  this  de¬ 
creases  the  quality  of  the  product.  If 
time  and  labor  would  permit,  a 
thorough  washing  and  disinfection  of 
all  the  utensils  once  or  even  two  or 
three  times  during  the  sap  season 
would  immensely  improve  the  quality 
of  the  product. 

Here’s  hoping  you  producers  get  a 
good  long  season  this  year,  for  prices 
of  sugar  and  syrup  are  high. 

If  you  want  some  tested  recipes  for 
using  maple  products,  turn  to  Page  24. 

— E.  B.  E. 


A.I  lerican  Agriculturist,  March  28,  1942 


31  (225) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 


fey  Ji.  Jfe*  C&Uine. 


A  PERSONAL  MATTER 

“I  bought  some  paint  from  a  mail  or¬ 
der  concern.  Then  the  agent  who  sold  it 
to  me  wanted  to  borrow  part  of  it  to  fill 
another  order,  saying  he  would  return  it 
within  a  few  days.  I  let  him  take  the 
paint.  He  has  not  returned  it,  and  I 
have  refused  to  pay  the  paint  company. 
They  keep  asking  me  for  the  money.” 

The  paint  company  is  within  their 
rights  as  the  lending  of  the  paint  was 
between  the  subscriber  and  the  agent. 
However,  in  view  of  all  the  circum¬ 
stances,  the  paint  company  has  agreed 
to  reduce  their  claim  by  one-half  the 
value  of  the  paint  which  was  not  re¬ 
turned. 

— a.  a. — 

NO  VALUE 

“Can  you  tell  me  if  shares  in  the  Boul¬ 
der  Tungsten  Production  Company  have 
any  value?” 

After  some  difficulty,  I  secured  the 
following  information : 

The  Boulder  Tungsten  Production 
Company  closed  up  soon  after  the  first 
world  war  and  a  new  company  known 
as  the  Tungsten  Production  Company 
was  organized.  Stockholders  in  the 
old  company  were  notified  that  stock 
would  be  exchanged  for  stock  in  the 
new  company,  but  the  exchange  must 
be  made  not  later  than  May  15,  1924. 
Letters  to  that  effect  were  sent  to  all 
stockholders. 

We  forwarded  this  information  to 
our  subscriber,  who  tells  us  that  this 
information  was  not  received  and  ask¬ 
ing  if  the  company  cannot  be  forced 
to  make  good.  Unfortunately,  the  an¬ 
swer  is  “no”.  The  company  proceeded 
according  to  law,  and  since  the  original 
company  is  no  longer  in  existence,  the 
new  company  can  not  be  forced  to 
make  good  on  the  stock. 

— a.  a. — 

NO  SECURITY 

“Two  years  ago,  I  loaned  $1,000  to  a 
firm  in  Toronto,  Canada,  and  took  a  note 
for  18  months.  The  loan  was  due  the 
last  of  October;  I  did  not  hear  from  them 
so  wrote  them  and  they  said  they  would 
take  care  of  it  early  in  December.  I 
wrote  them  again  in  January  and  re¬ 
ceived  no  reply ;  I  cannot  afford  to  lose 
so  much  money.” 

We  wrote  our  subscriber  that  a 
simple  note  is  far  from  the  best  secur¬ 
ity  in  the  world,  and  advised,  under 
the  circumstances,  that  this  be  turned 
over  to  a  reliable  collection  which  we 
recommended. 

The  sad  thing  about  this  deal  is  that 
our  subscriber  felt  when  she  loaned 
the  money  that  she  was  certain  to  be 
repaid.  Do  not  loan  money  on  a  note 
unless  you  have  unquestioned  proof 
that  the  individual  or  firm  to  which 
you  loan  it  is  solvent  and  can  repay 
it.  Our  subscriber,  of  course,  can  sue 


Recent  Service  Rnreau 
Claims  Settled 


NEW  YORK 

Raymond  Schultz,  Painted  Post _ $17.50 

Maim  settled) 

Mrs.  G.  Ellmauer,  Youngsville _  4.37 

(settlement  on  mail  order) 

Edward  J.  Short,'  Cortland _ 36.10 

(settlement  on  order) 

Earlo  Duntley,  Greene _ 50.70 

(settlement  on  feathers) 

Blazej  Jackiewicz,  Calverton _  9.60 

(payment  for  shipment  of  lima  beans) 

Walter  Rich,  Hobart _  10.75 

(mail  order  settlement) 

Alexander  MacPherson,  Caledonia _ 23.31 

(payment  for  eggs) 

William  Swanscott,  Taberg _  6.30 

(settlement  on  insurance  policy) 

Mrs.  Blanche  Stanley.  Newport _  3.00 

(money  received  from  mail  order) 

Harry  Fuess,  Waterville _  6.13 

(claim  settled) 

NEW  JERSEY 

Edwin  Smith,  Sergeantsville _ 27.01 

(pay  for  tomatoes) 

MASSACHUSETTS 

William  Kocian,  Bernardston _  6.75 

(adjustment  on  transformer) 

Cleophus  Linely,  Griswoldville _  4.77 

(adjustment  on  orchard  sprayer) 


the  company  for  the  money,  but  if  they 
are  in  bad  financial  shape,  and  should 
go  into  bankruptcy,  her  chances  of 
getting  it  are  not  good. 

— A.  a. — 

MUST  PAY 

“I  had  some  difficulty  with  a  life  in¬ 
surance  company.  I  am  permanently 
disabled ;  the  company  paid  me  for  a 
time,  then  stopped,  claiming  that  I  had 
recovered.  I  put  the  case  in  the  hands  of 
a  lawyer,  then  later  I  made  a  settlement 
with  the  company  without  his  approval. 
Now  he  has  sent  me  a  bill  for  his  services. 
Am  I  obligated  to  pay  it?” 

We  wrote  the  lawyer  in  this  case. 
Though  he  was  under  no  obligation  to 
do  so,  he  sent  us  a  full  statement  of 
this  case.  Obviously,  our  subscriber 
was  wrong  in  making  private  settle¬ 
ment  with  the  company.  The  lawyer 
states  that  the  amount  secured  was 
far  less  than  he  could  have  obtained. 
As  far  as  we  can  see,  he  is  entitled  to 
be  paid  for  his  services. 

We  mention  this  in  order  to  give 
this  advice;  once  you  have  given  a 
case  to  a  lawyer,  do  not  settle  a  case 
without  his  approval. 

—  a.  a. — 

GUARANTEE 

“I  bought  a  welder  from  an  advertise¬ 
ment  (the  “ad”  did  not  appear  in  the 
American  Agriculturist).  The  literature 
about  the  welder  said  ‘You  can  use  or 
demonstrate  it  for  ten  days  from  the  date 
you  receive  it.  If  it  should  fail  to  fulfill 
every  claim  we  make  for  it — if  it  should 
operate  less  efficiently  than  other  welders 
costing  many  times  its  price — then  mere¬ 
ly  write  us  for  instructions  about  re¬ 
turning  it  and  every  cent  you  paid  us 
will  be  cheerfully  refunded  to  you.’  The 
machine  was  not  satisfactory;  I  returned 
it,  but  they  refused  to  accept  it.” 

We  wrote  the  company  urging  them 
to  accept  the  return  of  the  welder  and 
to  refund  the  money.  They  pointed  out 
that  our  subscriber  did  not  write  them 
for  instructions  as  stated  in  the  guar¬ 
antee.  They  claimed,  also,  that  the  sub¬ 
scriber  did  not  give  the  machine  a  fair 
trial  and  in  effect,  said,  “if  your  sub¬ 
scriber  would  give  it  a  fair  trial,  he 
would  be  satisfied.”  That,  it  seems  to 
us,  is  sort  of  a  “left-handed”  guaran¬ 
tee. 

— a.  a. — 

C.O.D. 

“I  bought  some  dresses  from  a  mail 
order  company.  I  was  not  satisfied  and 
returned  them  C.O.D.  They  refused  to 
accept  them.  Can  you  get  my  money 
for  me?” 

We  referred  -  this  to  the  company 
who  pointed  out  that  it  is  against  their 
policy  to  accept  the  return  of  C.O.D. 
shipments.  They  are  within  their 
rights  in  taking  that  position.  They 
cannot  examine  the  contents  of  a  pack¬ 
age  until  the  C.O.D.  charges  have  been 
paid,  and  have  no  way  of  knowing 
what  is  in  it. 

—  A.  A.  — 

ADDRESS  NEEDED 

Last  November  we  purchased  a  battery 
charger,  carrying  a  two-year  guarantee, 
from  the  Rapid  Charger  Company.  We 
have  some  difficulty  with  it,  and  wrote 
to  them  at  121  Camp  St.,  Providence,  R. 
I.  We  sent  a  registered  letter,  and  it 
came  back  unclaimed. 

If  anyone  knows  the  correct  address 
of  the  Rapid  Charger  Company,  we 
will  be  glad  to  have  this  information. 

*  *  * 

Does  anyone  know  the  address  of 
Charles  Chesley?  We  are  trying  to 
get  in  touch  with  him.  Formerly  he 
lived  at  Stanfordville,  New  York;  and 
I  have  been  told,  he  now  works  in  a 
factory  in  the  State  of  Connecticut. 


FRANK  J.  SCHMIDT,  Brother  of 
GEORGE  A.  SCHMIDT,  Deceased 


Y"  ^ 


\  iPe 


^  *03  *•“* 


k— ~  V  ^ 

Oh.  “V 


oJ^ 


vA' 


KeefL  If  qua  Policy  (l&ttewed 


This  brand  new  car  (now 
a  complete  wreck)  could 
not  save  George  A.  Schmidt 
of  West  Sparta,  N.  Y., 
from  instant  death  in  a 
head-on  collision. 


George  Schmidt’s  accidental  death  was  only  1  of  100 
deaths  due  to  an  automobile  accident  on  that  day.  There 
will  be  35,000  persons  killed  in  auto  accidents  this  year. 
This  is  an  increase  of  18%  over  last  year. 

With  the  best  drivers  and  the  best  cars,  we  can’t  stop 
accidents.  But  we  can  protect  against  the  inevitable  ex¬ 
pense  of  accidental  death  or  injury.  Insure  yourself — 
insure  your  whole  family  the  low-cost,  dependable  North 
American  Way! 


North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co 

O/Jest  and  Carfest  Exclusive  Jfeakft  and  {Accident  Company  in  2 America 
N.  A. ASSOCIATES  DEPARTMENT  <4  Poughkeepsie.  N.Y 


Walk  S 


and  carry  a 


eddy  Roosevelt’s  “big  stick”  was  the  symbol  of  Amer¬ 
ican  pride  and  power  at  the  start  of  the  20th  century.  Amer¬ 
ican  warships  had  sailed  around  the  world,  warning  Japan  that 
we  were  not  asleep.  The  fortifications  at  Corregidor  —  backbone 
of  MacArthur’s  heroic  stand — were  being  built.  There  was  little 
opposition  at  home.  No  Congressman  argued  that  we  should  retreat 
before  Japanese  threats  and  leave  our  island  people  and  possessions 
undefended.  No  battleships  had  been  sunk  at  conference  tables 
where  Japanese  statesmen  tore  up  only  paper  plans.  Unity,  Strength 
and  soft-words  were  our  policy — and  our  protection. 

Today  we  know  that  Theodore  Roosevelt  was  everlastingly 
right.  Today  we  realize  that  disarmament  and  disunity  are  but  one 
short  step  away  from  death,  defeat  and  slavery. 

We  know,  too,  that  unpreparedness  and  disunity  are  deadly 
in  our  own  farm  lives  —  though  the  cause  and  effect  are  not  quite 
so  easy  to  trace.  So  let’s  turn  to  Theodore  Roosevelt  again.  How  did 
he  advise  farmers  to  strengthen  themselves?  Listen — this  is  what 
said  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago:, 

"A  single  farmer  today  is  no  match  for  the  corporations, 
railroads,  and  business  enterprises  with  which  he  must 
deal.  Organized  into  co-operative  associations,  however, 
the  farmer's  power  would  be  enormously  increased.  * 

***  Through  co-operative  organization  our  farmers  can 
build  up  their  strength/1 

And  there  you  have  it — the  “big  stick”  that  every  farmer  should 
carry  today,  the  “stick”  of  co-operative  organization  and  effort.  It’s 
a  “stick”  that  assures  farmers  a  living  price  for  milk  and  a  decent 
standard  of  living  for  themselves  and  their  families  ...  a  “stick” 
that  assures  the  means  and  opportunity  to  live  as  free  men  should 
live  . . .  and  it’s  a  “stick”  that  will  help  to  bash  in  the  heads  of  the  little 
yellow  men  who  think  they  have  tricked  and  threatened  us  out  of 
carrying  any  stick  at  all.  Only  the  strength  of  unity  and  co-operative 
effort  will  win  this  war! 


APRIL  11,  1942 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 


IN  TMK  leciir  AMMUNITION,  by  Ed.  Mitchell ,  Page  6;  SETTING  STRAWBERRIES,  by  George  Slate,  Page  6;  SHALL 
■  w  ima  fOQUE  IT  B£  SOYBEANS?,  by  F .  P.  Bussell,  Page  8;  IRRIGATING  VEGETABLES,  by  Paul  Work,  Page  10;  THE 

WAR  AND  YOUR  FARM,  Page  11;  DAIRYMEN,  STOP,  LOOK,  LISTEN!  Page  13;  N.  Y.  GRANGE  BAKING  CONTEST,  Page 20 


We  Are  1  hat  We  Eat 


Bh  £.  ft.  Caitman 


through  an  old  ceme¬ 
tery.  Almost  every 


HEARD  some  people  who  had  made  a 
lifetime  study  of  feeds  and  feeding  say 
the  other  day  that  the  most  perfectly 
fed  creature  from  a  correct  nutritional 
standpoint  is  the  hen  on  a  good  poul¬ 
try  farm.  The  next  is  the  cow.  The  poorest 

of  all  is  the  human  being.  If  either  hens  or  by  children  and 


one  of  the  old-time 
families  is  represent¬ 
ed  in  the  cemetery 


cows  were  fed  as  poorly  as  we  are,  they 
would  make  no  profit. 

The  startling  figures  of  the  large  number 
of  both  city  and  country  boys  rejected  in 
the  draft  because  of  physical  ailments  of  one 
kind  or  another  prove  how  ill-fed  we  are  as 
a  nation,  for  most  of  the  ailments  which 
cause  rejections  are  due  to  malnutrition,  or 
lack  of  the  right  food.  A  recent  survey  in 
some  average  rural  school  districts  showed 
that  70  per  cent  of  the  children  were  under¬ 
nourished,  not  because  they  did  not  get 
enough  to  eat,  but  because  their  diet  was  poor. 

Now,  of  course,  there  are  no  better  cooks 
in  the  world  than  farm  women.  But  that  is 
not  the  point,  for  it  is  becoming  more  and 
more  apparent  that  one  can  be  a  good  cook 
and  still  have  a  family  that  is  poorly  fed 
from  a  nutritional  standpoint.  Mrs.  East¬ 
man  and  I  have  studied  our  family  diet  for 
years,  and  have  tried  to  balance  it  with  all 
the  information  at  hand.  Nevertheless,  we 
know  now  that  it  was  deficient  in  the  vita¬ 
mins  that  I  personally  needed,  and  probably 
was  deficient  in  some  minerals  and  in  un¬ 
known  factors.  In  the  cities,  lack  of  good 
nutrition  is  a  staggering  problem. 

The  importance  of  this  nutrition  question 
is  seen  when  it  is  pointed  out  that  it  starts 
with  the  soil,  and  involves  all  the  problems 
of  fertilizers,  mineral  elements,  and  rotation 
of  crops.  Their  effects  on  soil  are  highly 
important  and  fundamental  in  the  nutrition 
of  both  animals  and  humans.  Nutrition 
work,  of  course,  takes  in  the  broad  field  of 
proper  feeding  of  poultry  and  of  the  farm 
animals,  and  last  and  most  important,  the 
right  feeding  of  man  himself. 

Do  I  hear  you  saying  that  the  race  lived 
for  thousands  of  years  without  knowing  any¬ 
thing  about  vitamins,  minerals,  or  the  hun¬ 
dreds  of  other  aspects  of  nutrition  which  to¬ 
day  we  consider  important?  So  why  get  so 
worried  about  them  now,  you  ask.  The  an¬ 
swer  is  apparent  to  anyone  who  walks 


adults  who  died 
young.  Only  the  ex¬ 
ceptionally  strong 
survived. 

When  the  soils  were 
new,  even  the  poor 
ones  had  the  miner¬ 
als  and  what  it  takes 
to  make  vitamins  in 
plants,  and  the  un¬ 
known  elements 
necessary  for  animal 
and  human  health. 

But  as  these  soils  be¬ 
came  exhausted,  they 
lost  some  of  the  ele¬ 
ments  we  require  to 
be  healthy.  For  in¬ 
stance,  Dr.  L.  A. 

Maynard,  who  heads 
the  United  States 
Nutrition  Laboratory 
at  Ithaca,  pointed 
out  to  members  of 

the  staff  of  American  Agriculturist  who  were 
talking  with  him  the  other  day,  some  inter¬ 
esting  experiments  with  the  mineral  called 
cobalt.  He  said  scientists  in  Australia  had 
found  that  sheep  in  bad  condition  could  be 
taken  from  one  farm  to  another  farm  which 
had  cobalt  in  the  soil  and  the  sheep  would 
soon  come  back  to  good  condition.  It  takes 
as  little  as  thirty  ounces  of  cobalt  per  acre  to 
restore  the  land  to  a  healthy  condition,  but 
how  important  is  that  thirty  ounces!  The 
scientist  has  found  that  there  is  a  cobalt  de¬ 
ficiency  in  some  of  the  soils  of  northern 
Michigan.  The  United  States  Nutrition 
Laboratory  is  at  present  engaged  in  a  study 
to  see  if  there  is  a  cobalt  deficiency  on  some 
soils  in  northern  New  York,  which  resemble 
those  in  Michigan. 

Dr.  Maynard  has  experimented  for  many 
years  with  guinea  pigs  and  white  rats.  He 


IK 


TO  GOOD  EATING 


2  OR  MORE  GlASSf 5  DAILY  .  .  FOR  ADULTS 

3  *  4  OR  MORE  GLASSES  DALLY  > .  FOR  CHILDREN 

T&  and  xs >'ftk 


61TA81IS 

2  OR  MGRE  SERVINGS  DAILY  RESIDES 

POTATO  ,  .  .  I  f'o w;  vnd  y&tiow  o 


6$ 


2  OR  MORE  SERVINGS  DAILY 

}  C fruit  ur  f&nuzto 


3  TO  5  A  WEEK;  I  DAILY  PREFERRED 


m&if  chhsl  nsH,  or  limn 

I  08  M08E  SERVINGS  DAILY 


E8EAL  01  881*0 

MOST  OF  IT  WHOLE  GRAIN  OR  "ENRICHED” 


Hint 


2  08  MORE  TABLESPOONS  DAILY 


— Photo  courtesy  National  Dairy  Council. 

Are  you  eating  the  right  foods?  The  health  and 
happiness  of  you  and  your  family,  and  the  fate  of 
your  nation,  depend  upon  good  nutrition.  Read  th«S 
article  on  this  page  and  compare  your  diet  with 
this  guide  to  good  eating,  approved  by  the  American 
Medical  Association.  Took  for  further  information 
on  this  important  subject  in  every  issue  of  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist. 

has  shown  that  by  feeding  properly -he  can 

keep  a  rat  alive  for  many  years  beyond  its 

average  normal  life  expectancy.  He  showed 

us  guinea  pigs  that  had  everything  good  in 
the  diet  except  cobalt,  a  white  rat  completely 
blind  with  cataracts  due  to  deficiency  of 
vitamin  A,  another  rat  which  had  lost  the 
power  of  locomotion'  forward  and  could  only 
travel  backwards.  This  was  due  to  a  de¬ 
ficiency  of  vitamin  Bl,  commonly  called 
thiamin. 

Mr.  Kenneth  C.  Beeson,  ( Turn  to  Page  23) 


APRIL 


1  1  , 


19  4  2 


The  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative 
is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


A 


•j 


Has  the  Time  Come 

to  Reduce  Feed  Stocks? 


With  large  supplies  of  feed  in  warehouses  and  barns,  farmers  are  now  in  shape 
to  step  out  of  the  feed  market  for  a  time,  and  rebuild  stocks  later  at  lower  prices 


In  the  past  few  weeks,  6,500  farm¬ 
ers  have  reported  to  G.L.F.  on 
their  feed  supplies.  The  average 
farmer  reporting  has  enough  feed  to 
last  26  days.  For  many  months, 
your  cooperative  has  encouraged  the 
building  of  these  stocks  for  two 
reasons : 

1.  As  a  'protection  against  trans¬ 
portation  tie-ups. 

2.  As  a  protection  against  high 
prices. 

This  has  been  a  sound  move. 
Prices  have  held  steady  for  sixty 
days.  Now,  with  grass  only  a  few 
weeks  away,  has  the  time  come  to 
reduce  stocks? 

Let’s  look  at  transportation. 

Today  feed  shipments  are  coming 
through  in  good  order.  Although  we 
have  already  seen  a  breakdown  in 
long-haul  transportation  in  case  of 
burlap  from  India,  and  gasoline 
from  the  Gulf  States;  short-haul 
transportation  is  holding  up  very 
well.  Railroads  are  doing  an  ex¬ 
cellent  job  of  handling  freight.  While 
deliveries  may  occasionally  be  a 
little  slow,  indications  are  that  there 
will  be  no  serious  tie-ups  this  spring. 
How  about  prices f 

In  wartime,  the  general  trend  of 
all  prices  is  up.  But  prices  of  basic 
commodities  will  vary  up  or  down 
according  to  supply  and  demand. 

Supplies  of  most  by-product  in¬ 
gredients  today  are  plentiful.  Oih 
mills  are  running  to  capacity.  Starch 


mills  and  distillers  are  busy.  Flour 
mills  are  expected  to  be  running 
strong  very  soon.  Gluten  feed, 
wheat  feeds,  distillers’  grains,  and 
oil  meals  should  be  available  in  large 
quantities. 

Farmers  themselves  can  control  the 
demand.  By  drawing  on  the  feed 
stocks  they  have  built  up,  by  order¬ 
ing  as  little  feed  as  possible  from 
now  until  grass,  farmers,  through 
their  cooperative,  can  effectively 
reduce  the  demand  for  feeds  to  a 
point  where  the  large  ingredient 
supplies  will  force  prices  down. 


Allowing  14  pounds  of  mash  per 
pullet  reared,  and  dividing  this  into 
the  total  of  G.L.F.  chick  mashes 
purchased  by  patrons  through  their 
cooperative  last  year,  we  arrive  at 
the  tremendous  total  of  10^  million 
pullets! 

G.L.F.  specifications  for  any  feed 
are  based  on  a  combination  of  the 
latest  scientific  information  avail¬ 
able,  plus  the  total  experience  of 
thousands  of  poultry  raisers. 

With  this  strong  combination  as  a 
background,  it  is  suggested  to  all 
poultry  raisers  in  the  New  York 
Milkshed  that  they  make  use  of 
their  own  cooperative  facilities  to 
raise  their  future  money  makers 
without  wasting  money. 


These  stocks  can  then  be  rebuilt 
at  lower  prices  in  the  summer. 

Wheat  Still  Good  Property 

G.L.F.  patrons  have  now  pur¬ 
chased,  through  their  cooperative, 
1,200,000  bushels  of  government 
wheat  at  a  price  far  below  the  mar¬ 
ket.  This  wheat  has  been  very 
effective  in  keeping  feed  prices  from 
going  too  high.  It  is  good  property, 
either  to  use  now  or  to  store. 

The  market  for  by-product  in¬ 
gredients  would  have  to  drop  several 
d611ars  a  ton  before  government 
wheat  would  cease  to  be  a  good  buy. 


The  program  which  has  worked 
well  with  so  many  millions  of  chicks 
each  year  is  this: 

1.  Nothing  but  Starting  &  Growing  Mash 
for  the  first  six  weeks. 

2.  After  six  weeks,  scratch  grains  and  grit' 
are  added  to  the  diet,  a  little  at  first 
but  increasing  until  equal  parts  of 
grain  and  mash  are  being  eaten  at 
twelve  weeks. 

3.  If  birds  remain  indoors,  on  wire  runs  or 
on  a  pasture  which  is  not  green  and 
leafy,  the  Starting  &  Growing  Mash  is 
continued  right  up  to  laying  age.  Shell- 
maker  or  oyster  shells  are  added  just 
before  the  birds  start  laying. 

4.  If  the  pasture  is  green  and  leafy,  a  sub¬ 
stantial  saving  can  be  made  by  chang¬ 
ing  to  Green  Pasture  Growing  Mash 
when  the  birds  go  out  on  range. 


IOV2  million  chicks  thrived  on  this  program  last  year 


COOPERATIVE  G.L.F.  EXCHANGE,  INC.,  ITHACA,  N .  V. 


The  Farm 
Front  Today 

★  ★  A 

Highlights  from  G.L.F. ’s 
Weekly  Radio  Report 


* 


Steel  for  Farmers 

G.L.F.  warehouses  and  Service 
agencies  have  fairly  good  stocks  of 
woven  wire  fencing,  but  practically 
none  is  arriving  now.  Poultry  netting 
is  unobtainable.  The  army  needs  it 
for  camouflage.  Barbed  wire  is  an¬ 
other  army  requirement. 

The  news  is  a  little  brighter  on 
bale  ties.  The  government  has 
allocated  some  steel  specifically  for 
making  bale  ties.  Manufacturers  are 
expected  to  begin  making  and 
shipping  the  ties  immediately,  so 
that  before  long  they  will  be  avail¬ 
able  at  G.L.F.  Service  Agencies. 

Food  on  the  Farm 

In  order  to  improve  the  health 
standards  of  Americans,  Federal 
Security  Administrator  Paul  V.  Mc¬ 
Nutt  has  been  leading  a  nation¬ 
wide  campaign  to  stress  the  im¬ 
portance  of  proper  nutrition. 

An  important  part  of  this  program 
is  the  victory  garden.  Most  farm 
families  and  village  dwellers  can  re¬ 
duce  their  cash  outlay  for  fruits  and 
vegetables  20  to  30  per  cent  with  a 
well-planned  and  managed  garden. 

To  help  its  patrons  produce  and 
handle  much  of  their  own  food 
needs,  G.L.F.  has  just  mailed  to  its 
patrons  a  Handbook  of  Foods  for 
the  Farm  Family — a  handbook  to 
help  farmers  have  a  profitable  gar¬ 
den,  to  preserve  their  surplus  fruits 
and  vegetables,  and  to  aid  in  pro¬ 
viding  a  balanced  diet  for  the  family. 

State  Fair  Suspended 

For  the  first  time  in  102  years, 
the  New  York  State  Fair  will  be 
suspended  this  fall  in  order  to  allow 
the  Army  to  use  the  267-acfe  fair¬ 
grounds  for  military  purposes. 

Price  Ceilings 

Ceilings  on  vacuum  cleaners,  re¬ 
frigerators,  stoves,  washing  and 
ironing  machines,  radios,  and  phono¬ 
graphs  are  now  in  effect.  Motor  oil 
is  under  a  ceiling.  Gasoline  has  been 
under  price  control  for  some  time. 

Meat  scraps  and  fish  meal  for 
feeding  purposes  were  covered  by  a 
price  ceiling  on  January  26.  The 
ceiling  on  fish  meal  has  not  been 
changed,  but  that  on  meat  scraps 
has  been  reduced  five  dollars  a  ton, 
making  a  big  saving  for  poultrymen. 


*The  Farm  Front  Today 

Every  MONDAY  on  these  Stations 


Watertown 

Rochester 

Syracuse 

Troy 

Bridgeton 

Newburgh 

Scranton 

Buffalo 


WATN 

WHAM 

WSYIt 

WTRY 

WSNJ 

WGNY 

WGBI 

WBEN 


12:05  P.M. 
7:12  A.M. 
12:35  P.M. 
12:15  P.M. 
12:30  P.M. 
1:05  P.M. 
7:00  A.M. 
12:50  P.M. 


Also  G.L.F.  newscasts  over  Station 
WHCU,  Ithaca,  Dial  870,  every  day 
at  7:00  A.M.;  7:50  A.M.;  12:00 
Noon;  7:30  P.M. 


r 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1912 


3  (229) 


POTATO  VARIETIES 

What  varieties  of  potatoes  would  you 
recommend  for  the  area  including  Chen¬ 
ango,  Otsego  and  Herkimer  counties  in 
New  York? 

None  of  these  three  counties  grows 
potatoes  very  extensively.  However, 
we  have  recently  noted  considerable 
interest  in  the  potato  industry  in  south¬ 
ern  Herkimer  County.  In  choosing 
varieties  for  this  region,  we  recognize 
the  fact  that  the  dairy  industry  is  of 
primary  importance,  that  stable  ma¬ 
nure  would  be  used  on  potato  land, 
and  that  the  rainfall  is  relatively  high 
and  the  soil  comparatively  heavy  for 
potatoes. 

On  these  heavier  soils,  the  Rural 
type  of  potato  has  been  most  grown 
in  the  past.  Such  varieties  as  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh,  Rural  New  Yorker  No. 
2,  Carmen  3,  and  Heavyweight  have 
been  used.  Recently  the  Katahdin 
variety  has  superseded  the  Rural  be¬ 
cause  it  possesses  several  merits  un¬ 
known  to  the  Rural.  For  example, 
Katahdin  is  less  subject  to  misshape, 
second  growth,  hollow-heart,  leaf  roll, 
internal  browning,  and  the  tendency 
to  turn  dark  after  cooking.  On  the 
other  hand,  we  do  not  believe  that 
Katahdin  is  any  less  subject  to  heat 
injury,  drought  and  blight.  Katahdin 
has  become  popular  in  the  market 
largely  at  the  expense  of  Rural. 

For  an  earlier  maturing  variety,  we 
suggest  Chippewa  rather  than  Cobbler. 
Compared  to  Cobbler,  Chippewa  is 
much  whiter,  shallower  eyed,  and  of 
better  shape.  It  will  ordinarily  out- 
yield  Cobbler,  even  though  it  is  far 
more  subject  to  leaf  roll.  You  will 
note  from  this  that  we  are  suggesting 
Katahdin  and  Chippewa  as  desirable 
varieties  for  these  counties. 

Another  new  variety,  Sebago,  might 
fit  well  into  this  section  of  New  York 
as  soon  as  more  seed  is  available. 
Sebago,  a  late  variety,  is  of  excellent 
appearance,  sells  well  on  the  market, 
and  is  distinctly  resistant  both  to  late 
blight  and  scab. — E.  V.  Hardenburg. 

— a.  a. — 

SOWING  LADINO 

How  much  ladino  clover  should  I  seed 
per  acre? 

The  amount  of  ladino  clover  seed  to 
be  sown  to  the  acre  is  small  compared 
to  the  ordinary  clovers  or  alfalfa. 
There  are  nearly  four  times  as  many 
seeds  per  pound  in  ladino  clover  as  in 
alfalfa  or  red  clover.  The  plant  re¬ 
produces  by  runners  like  strawberry 
plants  or  wild  white  clover,  and  roots 
at  the  nodes  so  that  one  plant  spreads 
over  quite  an  area.  Our  general 
recommendation  is  one  pound  per  acre 
in  addition  to  the  regular  seeding  of 
red  and  alsike  clover.  In  poultry 
range  mixtures  and  dry  land  mixtures, 
we  suggest  two  pounds  to  the  acre. 

The  prevailing  price  apparently  is 
about  85  cents.  Earlier  in  the  season, 
I  have  heard  prices  quoted  from  75 
cents  to  one  dollar  per  pound. 

Ladino  clover  may  be  seeded  in  the 
spring  with  spring  grains,  or  it  may 
be  scattered  on  the  surface  of  the 
ground  in  late  March  in  wheat.— R.B.C. 

— a.  a. — 

emergency  forage 

What  do  you  suggest  as  the  best  all- 
around  emergency  hay  and  forage  crop? 

There  is  always  a  tendency  to  look 
for  something  new  and  perhaps  to 
neglect  the  old  standbys.  For  use  on 
niany  farms,  there  is  nothing  better 
khan  oats  and  peas.  If  you  plan  to  cut 
"Jie  crop  and  use  some  of  it  for  green 


feed,  you  will  find  that  oats  and  peas 
can  be  planted  at  various  times 
throughout  April  and  May  to  give  you 
a  succession. 

It  is  a  good  idea  to  inoculate  the  pea 
seed,  and  to  get  the  .best  results  on 
light  soils,  peas  should  be  planted  deep. 
One  way  to  do  this  is  to  drill  the  peas 
in,  setting  the  drill  teeth  deep,  and 
then  to  drill  the  oats  separately  and 
not  so  deep. 

— a.  a. — 

BUCKWHEAT  SILAGE 

Is  it  feasible  to  make  buckwheat  into 
silage.  Can  you  seed  grass  along  with 
buckwheat? 

Buckwheat  has  been  made  into  sil¬ 
age,  although  personally  I  think  sev¬ 
eral  other  crops  are  better.  Buck¬ 
wheat  is  high  in  carbohydrates.  It 
should  be  cut  for  silage  before  the  crop 
is  too  ripe,  and  put  into  the  silo  be¬ 
fore  it  becomes  too  wilted. 

Buckwheat  is  not  a  good  nurse  crop, 
and  I  have  never  seen  it  used  for  that 
purpose.  It  grows  too  rank,  and  it  is 
harvested  too  late  to  give  the  grass  a 
chance  to  get  a  good  start. 

— A.  a.  — 

STARTER  SOLUTIONS 

I  understand  that  the  starter  solution 
for  transplanting  made  up  of  two  parts  of 
ammophos  and  one  part  of  potassium 
nitrate  will  be  hard  to  get  this  spring. 
Is  there  anything  I  can  use  for  a  sub¬ 
stitute? 

You  can  use  a  standard  5-10-5  or  a 
4-16-4  fertilizer.  It  is  suggested  that 
you  use  a  little  less  of  this  than  the 
regular  starting  solution,  say  from  2 
to  3  lbs.  per  50  gals,  of  water.  This 
standard  fertilizer  will  be  less  soluble 
than  the  usual  starter  solution,  so  mix 
the  fertilizer  in  the  water,  allow  it  to 
stand  a  while,  and  then  pour  off  the 
clear  liquid  from  the  top.  Some  fear 
is  expressed  that  using  more  than  2  to 
3  lbs.  of  this  fertilizer  per  50  gals,  of 
water  might  result  in  some  injury  from 
burning. 

— a.  a. — 

"SOYS”  AND  CORN 

In  a  recent  issue  of  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  I  read  of  a  man  who  had 
trouble  planting  soybeans  with  corn 
because  the  beans  and  the  com  would 
not  stay  mixed.  Tell  him  to  try  mix¬ 
ing  the  beans  with  the  fertilizer.  I 
take  a  wash  tub  into  the  field;  dump 
y2  sack  (100  lb.  sack)  of  fertilizer  in¬ 
to  the  tub;  put  about  2  quarts  of  beans 
(Manchus)  in  the  tub;  and  mix.  I 
put  1100  lbs.  of  fertilizer  on  six  acres 
this  way.  It  took  a  little  less  than  a 
bushel  of  beans.  I  did  not  think  the 
beans  were  thick  enough. — L.  S.,  N.  Y. 

— a.  a. — 

FENCING  W  OODLOT 

What  is  the  advantage  of  fencing  off 
woodlots? 

Cows  get  little  or  no  feed  from  a 
woodlot,  but  they  do  enough  browsing 
to  prevent  the  growth  of  young  trees. 
Fencing  caws  out  is  a  woodlot  im¬ 
provement  practice.  In  the  long  run, 
woodlot  improvement  is  important,  not 
only  because  it  brings  you  an  income, 
but  because  a  thick  woodlot  which  will 
retain  leaves  where  they  drop  is  also 
good  erosion  control.  Rainfall  is  re¬ 
tained.  It  seeps  away  gradually  and 
keeps  streams  running  all  through  the 
summer. 

This  year  you  will  find  it  difficult  to 
buy  new  fence.  Perhaps  you  have 
some  old  fencing  that  is  not  in  use  and 
which  can  be  put  to  work  by  fencing 
off  the  woods. 


Animal  appetite  always  has  known  the  life  and  health  hidden  in 
green-growing  grasses  and  legumes.  Now  from  the  experience  of 
a  hundred  years  have  come  method  and  machines  whereby  these 
special  values  of  pasture  can  be  preserved  for  year-round  feed¬ 
ing  in  far  greater  amount  than  ever  before  was  possible  with  field 
curing.  The  man  who  makes  his  hay  by  the  Case  System  and  puts  it  • 
up  with  the  Sliced-Hay  baler  gets  more  leaves  and  protein,  more 
color  and  carotene,  more  palatability  and  more  total  nutrients.  He 
gets  these  extra  values  with  less  labor  and  expense  because  no  pitch- 
fork  ever  touches  his  hay  from  standing  crop  to  finished  bale.  When 
it  comes  to  feeding  he  saves  still  more  leaves  and  labor,  because 
Sliced-Hay  bales  need  no  tearing  apart. 

If  you  have  Case  System  hay  machines,  use  their  full  capacity  to 
produce  the  extra  meat  and  dairy  products  your  nation  needs.  Take 
advantage  of  your  Case  dealer’s  service  to  keep  your  equipment  in 
first-class  shape.  Write  for  full  information  on  the  Sliced-Hay  baler 
and  other  Case  System  machines.  J.  I.  Case  Co.,  Racine,  Wis. 


Air-Conditioned  Hay  is  made  with  Case  System  side-delivery 
rakes  which  build  high,  narrow,  fluffy  windrows  with  leaves 
mostly  inside,  shaded  from  sun  damage.  Tractor  model  has  a 
4-bar  reel.  AtrightistheCase  tractor-mounted  power  mower. 


HOMEY  COMFORT 

in  Syracuse 


IT  is  always  a  pleas- 
*  ure  to  stop  at  Hotel 
Syracuse.  The  atmos¬ 
phere  is  homey,  serv¬ 
ice  complete  and  the 
food  tasty. 

600  Modern, 
Comfortable  Rooms. 


HOTEL  SYRACUSE 

SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 


(230)  4 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 


PAGE: 


Address  all  mall  for  Editorial  or  Advert)** 
Ins  departments  to  American  Agriculturist, 
Savings  Bank  Building.  Ithaca,  New  York 


Necessary  Farm  Help  Should  Be 
Deferred 

ROM  all  over  the  Northeast,  complaints  are 
coming  from  farmers  about  draft  boards 
taking  farm  boys  into  the  service.  It  seems  that 
the  boards  were  very  reasonable  in  deferring 
farm  boys  before  Pearl  Harbor,  but  many  of 
them  feel  now  that  they  must  take  these  farm 
trained  men  in  order  to  make  up  their  quotas. 

Members  of  draft  boards  are  deserving  of 
sympathy,  because  they  are  handling  a  tough 
job  without  pay.  But  it  is  apparent  that  some  of 
them  don’t  realize  the  danger  of  depleting  our 
food  reserve  by  taking  farm  help.  Government 
officials  themselves  in  Washington  state  that 
some  draft  boards  are  not  giving  proper  consid¬ 
eration  to  the  need  of  deferring  farm  men. 

In  many  cases  the  board  is  not  to  blame,  be¬ 
cause  farmers  themselves  don’t  furnish  evidence 
enough  of  the  need  for  the  farm  worker  staying 
on  his  farm  job.  Here  are  some  suggestions  to 
help: 

First:  If  you  or  your  son  or  hired  man  are 
called  for  examination  by  the  board,  be  sure 
that  the  board  has  all  the  information  about 

your  being  needed  as  a  food  producer.  Of  course, 

make  no  argument  for  keeping  your  son  at  home 
for  sentimental  reasons.  This  is  War! 

Second:  If  drafted,  appeal  your  case.  The 
local  board  will  tell  you  how,  and  furnish 
blanks. 

Third:  If  your  son  or  hired  man  hesitates  to 
stay  at  home  because  of  patriotic  reasons,  con¬ 
vince  him  that  one  farm  worker  can  feed  several 

y 

soldiers,  and  is  far  more  valuable  where  he  is 
than  he  probably  would  be  anywhere  else. 

Fourth:  If  you  or  your  employee  are  likely 
to  be  drafted,  don’t  wait.  Talk  the  matter  over 
with  the  draft  board  NOW. 

Fifth:  Write  American  Agriculturist  for  an 
application  to  enroll  with  the  Farm  Front  Vol¬ 
unteers.  If  your  application  is  accepted,  you 
will  receive  a  button  and  a  certificate  testifying 
to  your  service  to  your  country  as  a  farm 
worker. 

Drought  Aid  for  Dairymen 

HE  NEW  YORK  State  Legislature  has 
passed  and  sent  to  the  Governor  a  bill  to 
extend  State  financial  aid  to  New  York  farmers 
suffering  hay  losses  because  of  the  great  drought 
last  summer.  It  is  to  be  hoped  the  Governor  will 
sign  the  bill,  and  we  are  requesting  him  to  do  so. 

The  bill  carries  an  appropriation  of  $250,000, 
authorizing  grants  to  farmers  with  which  to  buy 
hay  to  enable  them  to  carry  their  stock  through 
to  pasture  time.  Last  year  the  farmers  of  north¬ 
ern  New  York  suffered  the  worst  drought  in  the 
history  of  farming  in  that  section.  As  a  result, 
hundreds  of  good  dairymen  were  left  without 
sufficient  forage  to  winter  their  stock.  Many  of 
them  have  been  able  to  get  along  up  to  now,  but 
in  the  next  few  weeks  between  now  and  the  time 
when  cows  can  be  turned  out  to  pasture,  farm¬ 
ers  will  be  forced  to  sell  their  dairies,  and  there¬ 
by  lose  their  means  of  livelihood,  unless  they 
can  buy  and  bring  in  enough  hay  to  carry  their 
stock  through.  Without  such  aid,  there  is  danger 
that  many  of  these  farms  will  go  permanently 
out  of  production. 

The  bill  passed  by  the  Legislature  puts  the 
responsibility  on  the  Department  of  Agriculture 
and  Markets  for  putting  it  into  effect.  The  Com¬ 
missioner  is  authorized  to  hold  hearings,  either 
public  or  private,  in  the  sections  of  the  state 
where  the  emergency  exists,  so  as  to  make  the 
grants  to  farmers  who  really  need  them.  Be¬ 


cause  the  time  is  so  short,  in  order  to  be  of  any 
help  the  Department  will  have  to  act  quickly 
if  and  when  the  Governor  signs  the  bill. 

An  effort  was  made  to  secure  Federal  help 
through  Congress,  but  while  the  Federal  gov¬ 
ernment  is  willing  to  spend  millions  of  dollars 
on  agricultural  schemes  for  the  South  and  West, 
it  refused  to  go  along  on  a  plan  to  help  New 
York  farmers  in  a  real  emergency.  Realizing 
this  emergency,  Senator  I.  B.  Mitchell  of  La- 
Fargeville,  Jefferson  County,  and  Assemblyman 
Benjamin  H.  Demo  of  Croghan,  Lewis  County, 
introduced  in  the  Senate  and  the  Assembly  the 
bill  which  has  just  passed. 

Farmers’  Tire  Problems 

THE  LOCAL  tire  rationing  board  cites  the 
case  of  a  farmer  living  six  miles  from  mar¬ 
ket.  He  has  several  hundred  hens.  The  only  way 
he  has  of  delivering  the  eggs  is  by  an  old  auto¬ 
mobile,  the  rubber  on  which  has  gone  bad.  Un¬ 
der  the  rules  and  regulations,  the  rationing 
board  is  unable  to  give  this  farmer  tires,  there¬ 
fore  he  is  producing  a  large  supply  of  eggs  but 
unable  to  get  them  to  market. 

Another  case  is  that  of  the  operator  of  a  spray 
rig  taking  care  of  the  spraying  of  300  to  400 
acres  of  potatoes.  The  several  farmers  who  grow 
those  potatoes  are  unable  to  purchase  the  equip¬ 
ment,  nor  can  they  take  care  of  the  spraying  of 
these  potatoes  in  any  other  way.  The  equipment 
went  bad  last  year,  so  the  owner  has  had  to  pur¬ 
chase  new  machines  for  this  year’s  operations. 
He  has  been  able  to  get  part  of  the  equipment, 
but  in  spite  of  appeals  to  the  rationing  boards, 
he  is  unable  to  get  the  necessary  rubber. 

Now,  of  course,  everyone  knows  that  tires  are 
scarce,  and  are  going  to  become  scarcer.  But  on 
the  other  hand,  the  government  is  bringing  pres¬ 
sure  on  farmers  to  produce  food,  and  there  is  no 
sense  in  doing  that  if  the  production  and  mar¬ 
keting  of  food  is  so  tied  up  with  red  tape  and 
unnecessary  regulations  that  the  farmer  cannot 
move.  Rather  than  see  this  necessary  farm  ser¬ 
vice  handicapped,  the  large  number  of  private 
pleasure  cars  on  the  road  might  well  be  cut 
down.  And  that  applies  most  emphatically  to 
tires  on  trucks  used  for  delivering  beer. 

Courage  Behind  the  Lines 

The  boy  came  downstairs,  battered  suit¬ 
case  in  hand,  kissed  his  Mother,  shook 
hands  with  Dad  with  studied  nonchalance,  and 
marched  away  to  war.  Thus  ended  another 
chapter  which  began  with  that  bright  day  when 
the  boy  arrived  on  earth,  and  Dad  and  Mother 
started  building  around  him  “the  hopes  and 
dreams  of  all  the  years.” 

After  he  had  gone,  Mother  went  to  her  room, 
where  she  could  get  relief  in  the  tears  that  she 
would  not  let  the  boy  see.  Dad  went  slowly  up 
the  stairs  to  the  boy’s  room  to  think  the  long, 
long  thoughts  on  the  ways  of  Life  so  hard  to 
understand.  Strewn  around  the  disordered  room, 
on  the  floor,  in  the  clothes  closet,  and  on  the 
battered  old  desk  were  the  old  shoes,  the  worn 
clothes,  the  good  books,  all  of  them  speaking  so 
eloquently  of  the  habits  and  personality  Dad 
and  Mother  knew  and  loved  so  well.  Remember¬ 
ed  were  the  many  times  they  had  lectured  the 
boy  about  disorder,  the  times  when  Mother  had 
been  annoyed  with  the  tracking  in  of  mud, 
dirty  shoes  on  the  furniture,  and  all  those  other 
small  irritations  that  come  with  raising  a  son  or 
daughter.  Now  that  the  boy  had  gone,  Father 
wondered  if  they  had  not  lectured  too  much. 
Vain  regrets  are  the  hardest  to  bear  when  the 
partings  come! 


But  there  is  no  use  in  sad  repining.  Life 
must  always  go  on;  and  separations  are  part  of 
Life.  Fortunate  indeed  are  the  fathers  and  moth¬ 
ers  across  this  sad  world  now  who  have  absorb¬ 
ing  work  and  interests,  so  that  there  is  little 
time  for  brooding  over  what  cannot  be  helped. 
And  we  DO  have  work  to  do,  work  behind  the 
lines  in  support  of  the  boys  in  uniform  that  is 
just  as  important  as  what  they  are  doing.  Fath¬ 
ers  and  mothers  know,  too,  that  it  takes  just  as 
much  courage  to  work  and  to  wait  as  it  does  in 
the  battle  line. 

Yes,  we  all  have  work  to  do,  for  we  must 
win  this  war,  not  only  for  that  boy  and  his  com¬ 
rades  who  have  marched  away,  but  for  all  the 
boys  and  girls  in  the  generations  to  come.  And 
with  all  the  work,  the  sacrifice,  and  the  tears, 
Thank  God  there  is  also  hope.  For  we  ARE  going 
to  win  the  war,  and  we  ARE  going  to  bring  back 
to  the  homes  of  America,  and  to  the  homes  of 
the  world,  peace  and  happiness  again. 

Leo  A.  Mnckle 

HE  MANY  friends  of  Leo  A.  Muckle,  As¬ 
sistant  County  Agent  Leader  at  the  New 
York  State  College  of  Agriculture,  will  be  griev¬ 
ed  to  hear  of  his  sudden  death  from  a  heart 
attack  on  March  28. 

Leo  was  one  of  the  early  County  Agents  in 
New  York,  starting  in  Rockland  County,  and 
serving  later  in  both  Schuyler  and  Niagara 
Counties.  Because  of  his  ability  and  hard  work, 
he  was  promoted  in  1933  as  Assistant  to  Earl  A. 
Flansburgh,  County  Agent  Leader. 

Leo  had  the  qualities  required  for  true  suc¬ 
cess.  He  loved  and  understood  people,  and  his 
highest  reward  was  the  opportunity  he  had  to 
serve  them.  In  recent  months  he  has  been  great¬ 
ly  disturbed  and  worried  over  the  present  irritat¬ 
ing  problems  of  farmers  and  especially  over  the 
problems  of  western  New  York  farmers  who  are 
trying  to  readjust  their  crops  to  fit  the  changes 
brought  about  by  the  war. 

Leo’s  good  work  and  his  fine  friendly  person¬ 
ality  will  be  missed.  We  extend  our  heartfelt 
sympathy  to  Mrs.  Muckle  in  her  great  loss. 

Eastman’s  Chestnut 

MY  FRIEND,  Fred  Freestone,  known  to 
grangers  everywhere,  loves  to  tell  this  one 
on  Louis  Taber,  also  known  to  grangers  every¬ 
where.  It  seems  that  when  Fred  was  Master 
of  the  New  York  State  Grange,  he  invited  Lou, 
who  was  then  the  National  Master,  to  speak  at 
a  big  Grange  meeting  somewhere  in  New  York 
State.  After  the  meeting,  they  stayed  all  night 
at  a  farmer’s  home.  At  bedtime,  the  lady  of 
the  house  put  them  both  in  an  upstairs  bedroom 
which  contained  two  large  beds,  but  she  made 
up  only  one  of  the  beds  for  them  and  took  it  for 
granted  that  they  would  sleep  together. 

After  Fred  and  Lou  had  put  on  their  long 
nighties,  Fred  crawled  into  the  bed  which  had 
been  made  up  for  them  by  their  hostess,  but 
Lou  took  one  look  at  him  and  decided  that  the 
bed  was  just  not  big  enough  for  both  of  them. 
So,  after  blowing  out  the  light,  Lou  crawled  in¬ 
to  the  other  bed.  Immediately  there  was  a 
funny  crunching  and  cracking  noise,  and  an 
un-Grangelike  exclamation  from  Lou  who  leap¬ 
ed  out  of  bed  and  laqded  in  the  middle  of  the 
floor. 

“What’s  the  matter!  What’s  the  matter!” 
demanded  Fred. 

“That  darn  bed,”  said  Lou,  ruefully,  “is  just 
full  of  eggs.  Apparently  that’s  where  Sister 
-  stores  her  eggs!” 


AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  Construct i  ve  and  Progressive  Since  1842,.  Volume  139.  No.  8.  Published  every  other  Saturday  at  10  North  Cherry  St..  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. — Editorial  and 
Advertising  offices  at  Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Advertising  Representatives.  The  Katz  Agency.— Entered  as  Second  Class  Matter.  December  3,  1927,  at  the  Post  Office  at  Poughkeepsie.  N.  Y.,  tmder  aa 
of  March  6,  1879  —  Frank  E.  Gannett,  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors;  E.  R.  Eastman,  president  and  editor:  Hugh  L.  Cosline,  associate  editor;  Fred  W.  Ohm,  production  manager:  Mrs.  Grace  Watkins  Huckett.  houseanu* 
editor;  A1  Coleman,  art  editor;  Contributing  editors:  L.  B.  Skeffington.  Jared  Van  Wagenen,  Jr.,  Ed.  Mitchell,  raul  Work,  L.  E  Weaver,  J.  C.  Huttar;  I.  W.  Ingalls,  advertising  manager;  E.  C.  Weatherby.  secretary 
circulation  manager;  V.  E.  Grover,  subscription  manager.  Subscription  price  payable  in  advance.  *  so  a  year  in  the  U.  S.  A. 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 


5  (231) 


A  Continued  Story  by 
LADD  and  E.  R.  EASTMAN 


Dad 


CHAPTER  XXXV. 

and  Uncle  Ben  Go  to 
An  Auction 


I  WAS  DOWN  at  the  grist  mill  get¬ 
ting  some  corn  and  oats  ground 
when  I  saw  a  large  printed  sheet 
of  paper  on  the  bulletin  board 
headed  VENDUE.  That  was  a  little 
unusual,  for  most  of  the  advertise¬ 
ments  were  headed  AUCTION,  al¬ 
though  many  of  the  older  men  of  the 
neighborhood  still  referred  to  such  an 
occasion  as  a  “Vandoo.” 

This  auction  bill  said  that  Harvey 
Adams,  because  of  ill  health,  had  de¬ 
cided  to  retire  from  farming,  and  that 
he  would  sell  to  the  highest  bidder  an 
assorted  lot  of  livestock,  farm  tools, 
grain,  hay,  and  “other  articles  too 
numerous  to  mention’’  on  Friday, 
March  first,  at  one  P.  M.,  with  Cor¬ 
nelius  Treat  as  the  auctioneer. 

I  reported  this  to  Dad,  and  on  the 
first  of  March  we  hitched  old  Tom  to 
the  democrat  wagon  and  started  out; 
not  that  Dad  had  any  expectations  of 
buying  anything,  but  just  to  attend  a 
social  event. 

We  tied  Tom  to  a  fence  post,  blank¬ 
eted  him  well,  and  hurried  up  to  where 
the  crowd  was  assembled.  Just  as  we 
arrived,  “Neeley,”  the  auctioneer,  was 
starting  on  a  one-horse  cultivator. 

“Who’ll  start  this  almost  brand-new 
Planet  Junior  walking  cultivator  with 
a  five  dollar  bill?”  shouted  Neeley. 

“Paint  is  kinda  worn  off  for  a  brand- 
new  one,”  said  a  heckler. 

“If  you  buy  it,  it’ll  never  get  worn 
any  more,”’  returned  Neeley,  and  the 
crowd  laughed. 

“Twenty  shillings!”  yelled  a  little 
man  with  a  big  black  mustache. 

“Two  dollars  and  a  half,  I  got. 
Who’ll  make  it  three?  Three  I  got, 
three  I  got,  who’ll  make  it  four;  three 
and  a  half,  three  and  a  half,  who’ll 
make  it  four?”  chattered  Neeley,  ad¬ 
justing  his  voice  to  a  sort  of  sing-song 
that  he  could  carry  all  the  afternoon 
without  strain. 

We  stood  on  the  fringe  of  the  crowd 
visiting  with  various  ones  and  ex¬ 
changing  the  news  of  the  neighbor¬ 
hood. 

“Ben  Colby  shot  a  big  she-fox  yes¬ 
terday,”  said  someone. 

“He  ought  to  have  his  rear-end  kick¬ 
ed,”  said  Dad.  “They’re  heavy  with 
young  and  shouldn’t  be  hunted.” 

“Emmett  Brown’s  wife  has  a  new 
baby,”  said  another. 

“Boy  or  girl?”  asked  Dad. 

“I  don’t  know,  but  it’s  one  of  the 
two,”  came  the  answer. 

And  so  the  business  of  buying  and 
selling  and  the  news  of  the  neighbor¬ 
hood  were  blended  together  during  the 
afternoon. 

After  a  while  Uncle  Ben  came  along, 
looking  for  someone.  His  eyes  lighted 
up  when  he  saw  Dad,  and  his  fat  face 
spread  into  a  wide  sly  grin. 

“Eben  Brown  wants  to  buy  that  old 
white  mare  of  Harvey’s  the  worst  way, 
but  is  scared  pink  for  fear  he  may 
have  to  pay  what  she’s  worth.  Jakie 
Rose  was  ready  to  pay  up  to  fifty  dol¬ 
lars  for  her,  but  Eben  gave  him  a  dol¬ 
lar  not  to  bid  at  all,  and  he  has  can¬ 
vassed  the  whole  crowd  in  his  mind  to 
see  if  any  one  else  might  bid.  He  aims 
to  buy  her  for  about  forty  dollars.  Of 


course  there  hain’t  nothing  we  can  do 
about  it,  but  seems  like  Harvey  has 
had  enough  bad  luck  and  ought  to  get 
what  the  mare  is  worth.” 

Dad  could  generally  take  a  hint,  and 
he  and  Uncle  Ben  always  seemed  to 
understand  lots  of  things  that  their 
words  didn’t  convey  to  strangers. 

“We  ought  to  visit  with  Eben,”  said 
Dad. 

So  Uncle  Ben  and  Dad  strolled  over 
towards  Eben.  Now,  Eben  had  money, 
including  the  first,  last,  and  most  of 
the  intermediate  nickels  that  had  ever 
reached  his-  pockets.  The  neighbors 
said  he  was  “a  little  close.”  “Stingy, 
just  plain  stingy,”  said  Dad.  “Tighter 
than  bark  to  a  treee,”  said  Uncle  Ben. 
But  Eben  gave  no  thought  to  his  repu¬ 
tation;  he  just  concentrated  on  the 
nickels. 

As  we  came  in  hearing  of  Eben,  I 
was  surprised  to  hear  Uncle  Ben  say 
in  a  fault-finding  voice  as  if  continu¬ 
ing  an  argument  with  Dad: 

“But  I  don’t  see  what  you  want  of 
another  horse.” 

And  Dad  caught  on  with  a  “Well, 
Old  Tom  don’t  act  quite  himself  this 
spring,  and  I’m  afraid  he  won’t  last 
through  spring  work.” 

“What  do  you  think  the  old  mare  is 
worth?”  asked  Uncle  Ben. 

“Oh,  about  sixty-five  dollars,”  said 
Dad.  “She’s  a  fine  worker  and  right 
good  on  the  road,  too.” 

I  could  see  Eben  listening  carefully. 

“Of  course  I  couldn’t  go  much  more 
than  fifty  or  fifty-five,  maybe  fifty- 
seven  and  a  half,”  said  Dad.  “I  just 
don’t  have  the  money.” 

“If  you  really  want  her,  they’ll  take 


'JT3  J 


a  nine  months’  note,”  said  Uncle  Ben. 

Then  they  spent  a  few  minutes  prais¬ 
ing  up  the  old  mare  until  that  part  of 
the  job  seemed  well  done.  Uncle  Ben 
made  some  low  remark  to  Dad  about 
getting  a  man  over  on  the  other  side 
of  the  crowd  to  do  some  bidding  and 
then  coming  back  to  get  Eben  all 
“puckered  Up”  and  nervous  when  the 
bidding  started. 

“That  finishes  the  tools,  now  bring 
out  the  horses,”  yelled  Neeley.  “Har¬ 
vey,  what  about  this  white  colt?” 

“Well,  she  ain’t  a  colt  any  more,” 
said  Harvey  solemnly.  “She’s  about 
eleven  year  old,  works  single  or  double, 
is  a  good  traveler  on  the  road,  and 
will  pull  her  share  of  the  load  with 
any  horse  of  her  size.” 

“Who’ll  start  her  at  a  hundred?” 
said  Neeley.  But  there  were  no  tak¬ 
ers.  “Who’ll  say  seventy-five?”  bluf¬ 
fed  Neeley,  knowing  there  would  be 
no  takers.  “Who’ll  offer  me  fifty  dol¬ 
lars?”  pleaded  Neeley.  “Well,  you 
start  her  where  you  want  to,”  indig¬ 
nantly. 

“Twenty-five  dollars,”  came  a  voice. 

“Thank  you,  thank  you,”  said  Nee¬ 
ley.  “You’re  sights  are  too  low,  but 
you’re  a  scholar  and  a  gentleman. 
Now  let’s  get  going — twenty-five  I  got, 
twenty-five  I  got,  who’ll  make  it  thir¬ 
ty?” 

“Thirty,”  came  from  somewhere  near 
the  spot  where  Uncle  Ben  had  recent¬ 
ly  been.  “Thirty-five,”  in  a  firm  voice 
from  Dad,  but  just  a  little  tone  of 
anxiety  in  it  as  if  that  old  mare  meant 
a  lot  to  him.  Eben  was  concentrating, 
but  just  then  Uncle  Ben  clapped  him 
on  the  shoulder  and  started  to  tell  him 
about  a  grand  bargain  he  had  just 
got  on  a  corn  sheller.  Eben  got 
nervous  and  was  afraid  he  had  missed 
a  bid.  “Forty,”  he  piped  up  uncer¬ 
tainly.  “Forty-five,”  came  from  the 
other  side.  Uncle  Ben  was  so  jolly 
that  Eben  couldn’t  concentrate. 

“Keep  still  a  minute.  I  want  to  bid 
on  this  horse,”  he  snapped  at  Uncle 
Ben. 

“Don’t  blame  you  a  bit.  She’s  a 
darned  good  mare,  and  you  can  pick 
’em,”  laughed  Uncle  Ben. 

“Forty-seven  and  a  half,”  gasped 
Eben. 

“Fifty  dollars  even  money,”  said 
Dad  in  a  clear,  confident  voice. 


le^Songf jfthe  Lazy  Fac 


TUfY  NEIGHBOR’S  champ- 
1V1  ing  at  the  bit  and  hard¬ 
ly  can  he  wait  to  git  a-goin’ 
on  his  springtime  work.  He 
C  i  says  this  ain’t  no  time  to 
shirk  our  job  of  getting 
bread  and  meat  enough  to 
make  sure  that  we  beat  the 
daylights  out  of  any  Jap 
who  tries  to  back  us  off  the 
map.  There  can’t  be  any 
doubt,  of  course,  that  gobs 
and  soldiers  won’t  have  force 
enough  to  fight  a  war  until 
they  all  have  eaten  up  their 
fill.  But  enemies  ain’t  over¬ 
come  these  days  unless  the 
folks  at  home  pitch  in  and 
do  their  part  so  that  no 
saboteurs  will  catch  us  flat, 
or  that  some  guy  who  ain’t 
astute  don’t  drop  here  by 
parachute. 

So  while  my  neighbor  runs 
around  and  worries  ’cause 
he  thinks  the  ground  won’t 
dry  out  soon  enough  some¬ 
how  so  he  can  get  out  with 
a  plow,  I’ll  just  forget  all 
that  nonsense  and  spend  my 
time  on  home  defense.  I’ve 
got  my  12-gauge  shined  and  oiled  find  any  spy  will  find  he’s  foiled  if  he 
so  much  as  looks  my  way.  I  spend  my  time  most  every  day  out  where 
the  air  is  warm  and  clear,  where  no  one’s  ’round  to  interfere,  and  all  I 
have  to  do  is  sit  and  wait  for  any  Messerschmitt  that  wants  to  try  some 
funny  stuff;  he’ll  soon  find  out  that  we  play  rough.  Of  course,  if  maybe 
I  should  doze,  no  harm  is  done  ’cause  planes  disclose  their  presence  by 
a  lot  of  roar.  And  then  if  I  can  sleep  no  more,  I  sharpen  up  my  shootin’ 
eye  and  now  and  then  I  take  a  try  at  seein’  if  I  can  still  blow  a  little 
daylight  thru  a  crow. 


DANDELIONS 


By  Edith  Shaw  Butler. 

April  strews  them  everywhere. 
Shining  disks  of  gold 
For  a  little  boy  to  pick 
All  his  hands  will  hold. 


Now  he  brings  them  joyously, 
Minus  stem  and  leaf, 

Feathery  yellow  dandelions 
Bright  beyond  belief. 


“Mother,  here’s  some  flowers  for  you,” 
He  calls  in  huge  delight. 

April,  don’t  forget  to  leave 
More  dandelions  tonight. 


“And  fifty-two  fifty,”  from  the  other 
side. 

“Fifty-five,”  shrilled  Eben. 

“Shucks,  what’s  twenty  shillings  in 
a  horse,”  said  Dad.  “Fifty-seven 
fifty.” 

“Sixty,”  yelled  Eben. 

Uncle  Ben  was  looking  worried,  but 
Dad  had  himself  under  control  and 
had  all  the  time  been  coolly  estimating 
Eben. 

“I’m  through,”  said  Dad.  “I’m 
through,”  came  from  the  other  side. 
“You  done?”  inquired  Uncle  Ben  of 
Eben  in  a  bland  innocent  tone.  Dad 
had  a  sad  sweet  friendly  look  on  his 
face.  Eben  seemed  r.  little  discon¬ 
certed. 

“All  gone  once,  all  gone  twice,  third 
and  last  time,  all  gone  and  sold  for 
sixty  dollars  to  Eben  Brown.  Bring 
on  that  next  horse,”  yelled  Neeley. 

“Well,  good  luck,  you  beat  me  out,” 
said  Dad  to  Eben.  “She’s  a  darned 
good  mare.  She’d  be  cheap  at  half 
the  price,”  said  Uncle  Ben,  laughing 
innocently.  Eben  muttered  something 
and  walked  away,  a  little  dazed.  Look¬ 
ing  back  I  could  see  him  shaking  his 
head  and  talking  to  himself. 

“Ben,  you  keep  away  from  me  after 
this,”  said  Dad.  “You’ll  get  me  into 
trouble.  Suppose  I’d  got  stuck  with 
that  mare  at  fifty-seven  fifty.  Mary 
would  have  done  some  talking  if  she 
had  seen  me  bringing  her  home.  She 
don’t  like  white  horses.” 

“Did  you  know  she  was  a  stumbler?” 
asked  Ben. 

“No,”  shouted  Dad,  stopping  in  his 
tracks.  “And  you  risked  that  too!” 
in  great  indignation. 

“Didn’t  you  see  those  scars  on  her 
knees,  or  don’t  you  look  for  those 
things,  or  maybe  I  ain’t  never  informed 
you  of  what  they  mean.  Guess  I’d 
better  write  you  a  letter  on  horses,” 
said  Uncle  Ben. 

“Gosh,”  said  Dad,  pushing  his  hat 
back  and  looking  sheepish. 

“There  really  wasn’t  any  risk  at  all.” 
said  Uncle  Ben  in  a  conciliatory  tone. 
“I  knew  all  the  time  that  you  could 
judge  to  a  hair’s  breadth  where  Eben 
would  stop,  and  I  aimed  to  keep  him 
flustered  so  that  his  judgment  wouldn’t 
be  too  good.” 

We  unhitched  old  Tom,  and  Uncle 
Ben  rode  home  with  us.  All  through 
supper  Dad  and  Uncle  Ben  kept  grin¬ 
ning  and  referring  in  a  tantalizing  way 
to  the  events  of  the  afternoon.  Fin¬ 
ally  Mother  got  exasperated. 

“You’ve  both  been  up  to  something, 
and  think  it’s  smart.  I  hope  it  was 
all  above  board  and  honest.” 

“Why,  Mary,”  said  Uncle  Ben,  “you 
don’t  think  your  husband  would  g^t 
me  into  trouble,  do  you?” 

“More  likely  the  other  way  about,” 
said  Mother.  “The  older  you  get,  the 
more  mischievous  you  are.  You’re 
worse  than  my  boys  now  in  spite  of 
your  age.”  But  she  smiled,  for  he  was 
an  uncle  on  her  side  of  the  family 
and  Mother  was  always  partial  to  him. 

“Well,  Mary,”  said  he,  “I’ll  tell  you 
a  solemn  truth.  Your  husband  and  I 
prevented  a  great  wrong  from  happen¬ 
ing  this  afternoon,  and  we  performed 
( Continued  on  Page  16) 


i 


(232)  6 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 


“It's  Fightin’  Food 
for  Fightin’  Men — 

so  I’m  trying  to  beat  last  year’s  record!” 


•  , 

John  Oonkers  of  Faribault,  Minnesota,  has  answered  the  call  for 

more  production  with  a  sharp  jump  of  7Vi°/o  in  milk  yield 

from  his  Holsteins — plus  a  prompt  increase  in  his  hog  herd 

from  210  to  250  head.  John  says  he’s  short  of ' hands  but 

> 

long  on  power,  thanks  to  2  well-cared-for  tractors.  Both 
were  “weaned”  on  150-Hour  Veedol,  so  there’s  plenty  of 
pull  in  them  yet! 


“Sure,  I’ve  tried  other  tractor  oils, 

but  Veedol  outworks  and 
outlasts  ’em  all!”  .  And  John 
knows  why  Veedol’s  different! 
“Only  pure  Bradford-Pennsyl- 
vania  can  provide  such  extra 
toughness  and  heat-resistance. 
I’m  pushing  my  tractors  mighty 
hard,  but  with  150-Hour  Veedol 
on  the  job,  I  figure  they’ll  see 
me  through  all  right!’’ 

NOTE:  Your  farm  implement 
dealer  is  eager  to  help  keep  your 
machinery  in  first-class  condi¬ 
tion.  Don’t  hesitate  to  enlist  his 
expert  assistance. 


5  WAYS  YOU  SAVE  WITH  VEEDOL:  i  Saves  fuel  by  reducing  power 
blow-by.  2.  Saves  oil  —  more  hours  between  refills.  3.  Saves 
time  by  avoiding  breakdown  delays.  4.  Saves  repairs  through 
greater  heat-  and  wear-resistance.  5.  Saves  tractors;  assures  long, 
economical  service.  150-Hour  Veedol  Tractor  Oil  is  available  in 


convenient  containers  from  5-gallon  pails  to  55-gallon  drums. 
Order  today! 


SO-HOOR 
VEEDOLl 


100%  Pennsylvania  . .  . 

'A  Better  Tractor  Oil  by  the  Clock 


Product  of 
Tide  Water 
Associated 
Oil  Company 


OIL  IS  AMMUNITION  USE  IT  WISELY 


MUNITIONS 

feu  fed  Mitchell 


EVERY  ONE  ought  to  be  a  Boy 
Scout  or  Scout  leader  long  enough 
to  get  their  motto,  “BE  PREPARED”, 
firmly  imbedded  in  his  mind.  It  is  a 
very  good  thing  to  make  plans  and 
have  some  idea  of  what  you  intend  or 
hope  to  do,  but  it  is  even  more  im¬ 
portant  to  be  prepared  to  meet  what¬ 
ever  unexpected  attacks  fate  may  have 
in  store  for  you. 

Farmers  are  assigned  the  responsi¬ 
bility  of  furnishing  the  food  part  of 
the  war  munitions,  and  they  will  be 
just  as  derelict  of  duty  if  they  fail  to 
take  every  possible  precaution  against 
unforeseen  contingencies  as  a  command¬ 
er  of  troops  is  if  he  fails  to  foresee 
and  provide  against  what  may  happen. 
Of  this  much  we  may  be  sure;  farm 
supplies  and  labor  will  be  scarce,  high 
and  hard  to  get;  insects,  disease  and 
weather  will  stage  their  usual  offen¬ 
sive;  we  will  have  a  strenuous  battle 
all  during  this  war  period  and  we 
might  as  well  roll  up  our  sleeves,  spit 
on  our  hands  and  tackle  the  job.  There 
is  no  retreat. 

Right  now  it  is  important  to  save 
and  secure  as  many  packages  as  pos¬ 
sible,  and  provide  some  field  crates  and 
storage  in  case  labor,  packages, 
storms  or  markets  interfere  with  nor¬ 
mal  marketing  of  the  crops.  Both  new 
and  used  packages  are  already  scarce 
and  high,  and  it  will  be  hard  to  find 
used  apple  boxes  or  get  delivery  on 
new  ones  next  fall.  Any  grower  with 
a  supply  of  field  crates  and  his  own 
cold  storage,  is  well  fortified  against 
that  threat  of  loss. 

Right  now  there  seems  to  be  ample 
supply  of  spray  and  dust  materials, 
but  inventories  of  chemicals  are  expen¬ 
sive  to  put  in  and  hold,  and  dis¬ 
tributors  seldom  have  more  than  a  part 
of  the  season’s  supply  on  hand.  Safety 
demands  that  these  inventories  be  on 
the  farms,  and  on  growers  accounts, 
so  distributor’s  room  and  cash,  and 
transportation  will  be  in  reserve  to  pro¬ 
vide  for  current  or  unexpected  de- 

t 

Starting  the 
Strawberry 

A  GOOD  START  is  half  the  battle  in 
growing  strawberries.  Strawber¬ 
ries  are  not  particular  as  to  soils  and 
may  be  grown  on  the  average  farm 
and  garden  soil  if  in  good  tilth  and  free 
from  perennial  weeds.  Droughty 
sands  and  gravels  are  undesirable,  as 
'fire  stiff  soggy  clays.  Good  drainage 
is  essential  as  strawberries  will  not 
tolerate  wet  feet  and  may  succumb  to 
a  root  rot  disease  that  occurs  on  straw¬ 
berries  growing  in  poorly  drained  soils. 

A  newly  turned-under  grass  sod 
should  be  used  for  a  hoed  crop  for  one 
year  before  planting,  to  rid  the  soil 
of  white  grubs.  A  legume  sod  is  an 
excellent  foundation  for  the  strawberry 
bed.  If  the  bed  is  to  be  set  on  land 
that  is  deficient  in  organic  matter, 
apply  manure  at  the  rate  of  10  tons 
or  more  to  the  acre,  or  3  bushels  per 
100  square  feet.  Low  spots  or  plots 
surrounded  by  shrubbery  have  poor  air 
circulation  and  should  be  avoided  as 
the  fungus  disease,  leafspot,  may  be 
serious  in  such  situations. 

Thorough  fitting  of  the  soil  until  it 
is  mellow  and  free  from  clods  is  es¬ 
sential  as  strawberry  plants  are  shal¬ 
low-rooted  and  need  favorable  condi¬ 
tions  to  get  off  to  a  quick  start.  The 
early-formed  runners  are  much  more 
productive  than  those  formed  late  in 
the  season.  Only  plants  that  are 
properly  set  as  early  as  the  soil  can 


mands.  I  think  the  distributors  are 
taking  their  responsibilities  seriously, 
and  have  more  than  normal  stocks,  but 
this  is  no  time  to  pass  the  buck  to  them 
or  to  fail  to  carry  our  share  of  the 
load.  In  the  last  analysis,  it  is  our 
responsibility  to  be  prepared  to  pro¬ 
duce  our  crops. 

Ed  Babcock  dropped  this  idea  in  my 
lap,  and  I  pass  it  along  as  part  of  our 
preparedness  program.  Scarcity  of 
sugar  is  apt  to  cut  the  production  of 
manufactured  soft  drinks  and  increase 
the  demand  for  sugar  in  the  form  of 
fruit  juices  and  fruit  drinks,  maple 
syrup,  honey  and  other  natural  sweets 
produced  on  the  farm.  Part  of  our 
energy  this  summer  should  be  devoted 
to  preparing  the  processing  plants, 
methods,  containers  and  marketing 
facilities  to  fill  that  probable  need.  Who 
knows  but  that  this  is  the  big  oppor¬ 
tunity  to  establish  the  by-product  busi¬ 
ness  that  our  apple  and  fruit  industry 
in  general  has  so  sorely  lacked.  Gen¬ 
eva  has  been  working  for  years  on  this 
problem  and  has  some  very  good 
recipes  and  methods  ready  and  wait¬ 
ing  to  go  to  town.  Let’s  all  join  in  an 
effort  to  develop  a  fruit  juice  industry 
with  our  apples  as  the  leading  feature 
or  base  for  it. 

The  purchase  of  housing  facilities  for 
fruit  research  in  the  Hudson  Valley 
by  the  fruit  growers  shows  that  co¬ 
operative  spirit  is  not  dead.  There  is 
always  opportunity  to  cooperate  with 
industry  in  an  effort  like  this  and  ap¬ 
ple-growing  needs  to  be  prepared  for 
marketing  problems  fully  as  much  as 
for  those  of  production.  If  we  can’t 
make  a  profit,  we  can’t  continue  to 
produce,  so  do  whatever  you  can  to 
forward  the  production  of  fruit  juices 
and  fruit  juice  drinks. 

It  won’t  be  long  now,  till  we  are  in 
the  thick  of  the  fight  to  get  spray  on 
the  trees.  As  difficulties  come,  just 
think  of  the  boys  trying  to  stop  Japs 
without  adequate  munitions  and  equip¬ 
ment,  and  fight  on,  just  the  same  as 
they  do. 

fey 

I  ({Ml  QeoJl<fe  -fe-  Slate 

be  worked  without  injury  will  get  the 
quick  start  necessary  to  build  up  a 
strong  plant  that  will  in  turn  produce 
early  runners. 

An  early  start  under  favorable  con¬ 
ditions  will  exert  a  far  greater  effect 
on  the  crop  than  any  later  fertilizer 
treatment  that  may  be  applied.  A 
properly  set  plant  has  the  crown  even 
with  the  surface  of  the  ground  and  is 
tight  enough  in  the  soil  to  resist  a 
sharp  tug  without  becoming  loosened. 
All  but  one  or  two  of  the  younger 
leaves  should  be  removed  to  lessen  the 
demand  for  soil  moisture  before  the 
root  system  has  established  itself. 
Blossoms  as  they  appear  should  be  re¬ 
moved,  taking  care  to  cut  or  pinch 
them  off  as  pulling  may  loosen  the 
plant  in  the  soil. 

No  fertilizer  is  needed  at  planting 
time  and,  in  careless  hands,  may  do 
more  harm  than  good.  It  is  advan¬ 
tageous,  however,  to  water  the  plants 
in  with  a  starter  solution  such  as  has 
proved  so  satisfactory  with  vegetable 
plants.  A  handful  of  5-10-5  fertilizer 
in  a  watering  can  full  of  water  will  do 
very  well  for  this  purpose.  Use  about 
a  pint  per  plant.  Later  at  the  first 
hoeing  a  side-dressing  of  a  complete 
fertilizer  may  be  applied  in  a  furrow 
each  side  of  the  plant.  Thereafter, 
until  late  summer,  cultivation  and  hoe¬ 
ing  to  keep  down  the  weeds  will  be  all 
the  attention  necessary. 


ever  ga 
a  chick ! 


KEEP 

THINGS 

CLEAN 


PURINA 

STARTENA 


GOOD 

CHICKS 


" That's  a  promise,  youngster .  .  .  We  have 
a  'victory  job ’  to  do  .  .  .  you  and  I.  Yours 
is  to  produce  as  many  eggs  as  possible  next 
fall.  Mine  is  to  groiv  you  and  all  my 
chicks  right  so  you'll  be  able  to  do  it. 
This  year  I  aim  to  do  the  best  job  of  rais¬ 
ing  chicks  I've  ever  done .  .  .  And  I’m  not 
going  to  use  an  ordinary  feed.  This  year 
I’m  feeding  my  chicks  Purina  Startena  ” 


This  year,  more  than  ever  before,  you’ll 
want  to  feed  Purina  Startena  to  your 
chicks.  Startena  is  a  complete,  balanced 
feed  containing  proteins,  vitamins  and 
minerals  chicks  need  to  live  and  grow. 
Even  under  today’s  trying  conditions 
you  can  be  sure  Startena  is  built  to  do 
a  good  feeding  job.  See  your  Purina 
dealer  today  for  your  Spring  supply. 


PURINA  MILLS 

Buffalo,  N.  Y.  •  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt.»  Wilmington,  Del. 


this  yt«R  fees 

PURINA 

STARTENA 

Two  pounds  per  chick  will  do  the  trick! 


v,w.v.v.,!va,.v 


MAN=o/=£:A6=MONTH 

Guglielmo  Marconi 


Our  April  Man-of-the-Month  is 
Guglielmo  Marconi,  the  scientist, 
bom  April  25,  1874  in  Bologna,  Italy,  of 
an  Italian  father  and  an  Irish  mother. 

Early  in  his  youth  Marconi  dreamed  of 
sending  messages  without  wires.  As  a  boy 
his  chief  delight  was  in  books.  “Books  have 
long  been  one  of  the  strongest  allies  of 
civilization;  so  is  communication,”  he  once 
wrote.  “Both  liberate  ideas,  spread  knowl¬ 
edge  and  knit  human  friendship.” 

He  read  about  steam  engines  and  elec¬ 
tricity.  He  studied  biographies  of  Napo¬ 
leon,  Garibaldi,  George  Washington,  and 
Edison.  His  surpassing  imagination  led  him 
off  the  beaten  tracks  of  science.  He  heard 
about  the  work  of  Hertz  whose  waves  could 
leap  across  a  room.  If  they  could  leap  that 
far,  why  not  across  a  continent  —  perhaps 
the  oceans! 

Marconi  worked  day  and  night,  concen¬ 
trating  on  electrical  problems.  His  mother 
became  worried  at  his  drawn,  wan  face. 
Marconi’s  success  may  be  summed  up  in 
patience  and  infinite  persistence,  plus  a 
great  deal  of  natural  ability.  Sometimes  he 
worked  thirty  hours  at  a  stretch.  There 
seemed  no  end  to  his  energy.  One  day  he 
demonstrated  to  his  mother  and  father  that 
he  could  ring  a  bell  on  the  ground  floor  by 
pressing  a  button  on  the  third  floor  without 
any  connecting  wires.  Then  the  distance  was 
lengthened  —  farther  and  farther.  Wireless 
was  on  its  way! 

Marconi  learned  about  waves  that  trans¬ 
mit  messages  by  telegraph  or  telephone 
wires.  His  keen  mind  led  him  further  to  the 
belief  that  there  are  “ether”  waves.  A  flash 
of  lightning  is  seen  as  it  travels  over  “ether” 
waves.  Marconi  reasoned  that  if  “ether” 
is  everywhere,  then  these  electric  waves 
must  pass  through  everything  —  air,  walls, 
mountains. 

He  went  to  London  when  barely  twenty- 
one,  a  shy,  modest  lad,  to  tell  the  world 
of  his  great  invention.  With  his  crude  appa¬ 
ratus  he  telegraphed  messages  not  only 
through  the  air  without  wires,  but  through 
walls  and  houses  and  mountains,  and  in  all 
kinds  of  weather.  Here  was  a  lad  who  did 
away  with  all  wires  and  sent  his  messages 
through  space.  Because  of  his  achievements 
he  was  famous  the  world  over  at  25. 


■  ■  ■  ■ 


Marconi’s  wireless  was  given  more 
crucial  tests  by  disasters  at  sea.  The 
collision  of  the  S.S.  Republic  with  the  S.S. 
Florida  in  1909  opened  a  great  hole  in  the 
side  of  the  Republic.  Four  hundred  and 
sixty-one  persons  were  aboard.  All  hope 
rested  on  the  wireless.  Jack  Binn,  26-year- 
old  Marconi  operator  on  the  Republic 
flashed  the  CQD  from  the  masthead:  “We 
are  shipwrecked.”  Every  nearby  vessel 
equipped  with  Marconi  wireless  hastened 
to  the  Republic’s  rescue.  The  Republic  sank 
and  the  disabled  Florida  was  towed  in  — 
but  the  lives  of  the  passengers  were  saved. 

Then  in  1912  the  great  Titantic,  with 
2000  passengers  aboard,  hit  an  iceberg. 
The  CQD  and  the  new  signal  SOS  flashed 
through  the  night.  It  was  midnight.  The 
Titanic  was  sinking.  The  band  played 
ragtime  tunes.  At  2:20  A.M.  the  green 
starboard  fight  of  the  Titanic  vanished  as 
the  band  played  “Autumn” —  two  lines  of 
which  were  as  a  prayer: 

“Hold  me  up  in  mighty  waters. 

Keep  my  eyes  on  things  above.” 
Seven  hundred  and  twelve  survivors, 
saved  by  wireless,  later  presented  Marconi 
with  a  gold  tablet  on  which  he  was  pictured 
as  Apollo  scattering  sparks  to  the  winds. 

In  April  we  honor  Marconi,  Capacity 
Crusader! 

WM.  H.  DANFORTH 
Chairman,  Ralston  Purina  Company 
Executive  Offices 

1800  Checkerboard  Square,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

36c  to  pay  postage  will  get  my  12  Capac¬ 
ity  Crusade  Messages  in  detail  as  they  are 
printed  each  month. 


L 


(234)  S 


A  WARTIME  MESSAGE 
TO  EVERY 
TRACTOR  OWNER 


Producing  wartime  crops  is  a  challenge  to  every  farmer. 
Mechanical  power  must  be  used  to  best  advantage.  Trac¬ 
tors  operating  at  anything  less  than  their  top  efficiency  are 
wasting  fuel,  oil,  power  and  time  that  America  needs. 

Tractor  manufacturers  and  dealers,  oil  refiners,  and  other 
service  organizations  are  mobilizing  their  resources  to  help 
every  farmer  get  full  horsepower  from  every  tractor  and 
every  gallon  of  fuel.  Let  them  help  you  keep  your  tractor 
in  best  condition  for  the  big  job  ahead! 


★  HOW  TO  MAKE  TRACTORS  DO  MORE  WORK  AND  LAST  LONGER  ★ 


TUNE  UP  your  tractor  for  full  horsepower 
— keep  spark  plugs,  valves,  distributor, 
magneto,  and  other  parts  properly  ad¬ 
justed  for  top  performance.  Tests  show 
that  an  improperly  adjusted  engine  may 
waste  as  much  as  15%  of  its  fuel.  Follow 
the  regular  maintenance  and  tune-up  pro¬ 
cedure  recommended  in  your  manufac¬ 
turer’s  instruction  book. 


HIGH  COMPRESSION  tractors  deliver 
more  power,  do  more  work,  do  it  faster 
and  cover  more  ground  per  gallon  than 
tractors  built  to  use  low-grade  fuels.  When 
buying  a  new  or  used  tractor,  be  sure  it 
has  a  high  compression  engine. 


IF  AN  OVERHAUL  is  needed,  your  tractor 
service  man  is  well  equipped  to  do  the  job. 
If  you  have  a  low  compression  tractor, 
overhaul  time  is  the  time  to  increase  its 
power  by  installing  high  compression  (al¬ 
titude)  pistons,  changing  manifold  setting 
from"hot”to  "cold”  and  putting  in  spark 
plugs  of  the  proper  heat  range.  Gasoline 
plus  high  compression  can  increase  power 
as  much  as  30%  ! 


CHOOSE  THE  FUEL  which  gives  the  most 
power  per  gallon  in  your  tractor.  High 
compression  tractors  are  designed  to  take 
advantage  of  the  extra  power  in  good  reg¬ 
ular  gasoline  (premium  gasoline  is  not 
required). Other  advantages  of  using  gas¬ 
oline  include  savings  of  fuel  for  "warm¬ 
up”  and  less  crankcase  dilution. 


58-PAGE  ILLUSTRATED  MANUAL— "TRACTOR  REPAIR  AND  MAINTENANCE" 

This  booklet  was  prepared  by  the  Agricultural  Engineering  Dept,  of  the  University 
of  Illinois.  It  gives  latest  methods  of  tractor  operation,  repair  and  maintenance. 


‘"OIL  IS  AMMUNITION  — USE  IT  WISELY" 


TIME  WELL  SPENT 

Time  taken  to  read  the  ad¬ 
vertisements  in  AMERICAN 
AGRICULTURIST  is  time 
well  spent — for  there  is  no 
better  way  to  keep  well  in¬ 
formed  on  new  things  on  the 
market,  what  to  buy  at  what 
price  and  where  to  go  to  get 
what  you  want.  When  you 
answer  an  “ad,"  be  sure  to 
mention  the  name  of 

American 

Agriculturist 


For  Your 

BUFFALO  HEADQUARTERS 

You’ll  want  a  hotel  that’s  friendly  .... 
that's  comfortable  ....  that’s  centrally 
located.  Stop  at  Hotel  Lafayette  —  the  ren¬ 
dezvous  of  experienced  travelers.  This  fine 
hotel  is  famous  for  comfort,  fine  foods — and 
moderate  prices.  Sinple  rooms,  $2.75  up; 
double,  $4.50  up.  Special  rates  for  4  or  more. 
Write  for  Folder  F-10. 


^LAFAYETTE 


K.  A.  .  KELLY 


BUFFALO,  N.Y. 


AAA  N  A  G  E.  R 


The  Ethyl  Corporation,  Chrysler  Building,  New  York  City 

Gentlemen:  Please  send  me  a  free  copy  of  "Tractor  Repair  and 
Maintenance.”  This  does  not  obligate  me  in  any  way. 

Name _ _ 

Address _ 2. _ _ 


AA  4-11-42  I 

I - . - I 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 

Shall  It  Be  Soybeans? 

P .  feuM&ll 

New  York  State  College  of  Agriculture. 


INQUIRIES  such  as  these  come  every 
day  to  the  College  of  Agriculture, 
“Will  soybeans  prove  a  profitable  crop 
for  me?”  “If  I  grow  them,  what 
yields  may  I  expect?”  “What  variety 
should  I  plant?”  “Will  I  do  better  if 
I  shift  from  cabbage  or  field  beans  to 
soybeans?”  “I  have  a  chance  to  buy 
a  fairly  good  farm.  Will  I  make 
enough  by  growing  soybeans  to  pay 
for  it?” 

Farmers  are  asking  these  questions 
because  they  know  there  is  an  increased 
war  time  demand  for  oil,  and  soybeans 
are  oil  bearers.  Hence,  they  argue 
the  crop  will  find  a  ready  market  and 
at  a  good  price.  Then,  too,  there  is 
a  shortage  of  tin.'  Because  of  it  grow¬ 
ers  of  canning  crops,  particularly  of 
field  beans  and  kraut  cabbage,  are 
concerned  about  future  markets  and 
probable  prices.  They  want  to  know 
how  good  the  gamble  is  if  they  sub¬ 
stitute  soybeans  for  some  of  these 
crops. 

Corn  Belt  Results 

Questions  pertaining  to  growing  the 
crop  can  be  answered  with  quite  con¬ 
siderable  assurance.  Those  that  have 
to  do  with  probable  profits  can  be  best 
handled  by  referring  to  known  rec¬ 
ords  of  pas,t  performance,  keeping  in 
mind,  of  course,  that  present  condi¬ 
tions  are  decidedly  abnormal. 

For  years  soybeans  have  been  a 
staple  cash  crop  on  farms  in  our  Mid¬ 
west — the  so-called  Corn  Belt.  How 
have  growers  of  them  fared  there?  If 
we  pick  out  the  state  having  the  largest 
acreage,  namely,  Illinois,  we  find  that 
on  the  average  over  one  million  acres 
were  grown  and  harvested  yearly  in 
the  ten-year  period  1931  to  1940  in¬ 
clusive.  They  got  an  average  yearly 
yield  of  19  bushels  per  acre.  The  De¬ 
cember  bushel  farm  price  varied  from 
35c  to  $1.18,  with  ten-year  average  of 
73c.  Gross  acre  returns  ran  from  $6.12 
to  $18.88  with  a  ten-year  average  of 
$13.94. 

During  this  same  ten-year  period, 
New  York  farmers  were  growing  win¬ 
ter  wheat  and  field  beans.  There  were 
yearly  variations  in  acreage,  of  course, 
but  on  the  average  it  approximated  a 
quarter  million  acres  of  wheat  and 
about  a  half  that  number  of  acres  of 
field  beans.  The  average  wheat  yields 
were  22.4  bushels  and  of  beans  13.3. 
They  sold  the  wheat  at  81c  and  the 
beans  at  $2.05.  Their  acre  returns 
for  wheat  averaged  $18.10  and  for 
beans  $27.15.  These  figures  are  based 
upon  U.S.D.A.  reports  and  are  pre¬ 
sumed  to  be  approximately  correct. 

No  “Get-Rich-Quick” 

Now,  do  these  comparisons  afford 
any  guiding  light?  I  think  they  do. 
For  one  thing,  they  show  that  soy¬ 
beans  have  not  been  a  get-rich-quick 
crop.  Returns  from  cost  accounts 
taken  in  Illinois  during  eight  seasons 
and  under  strictly  comparable  condi¬ 
tions  showed  that  the  outlay  to  grow 
and  harvest  an  acre  of  soybeans  was 
about  16%  more  than  that  for  an  acre 
of  wheat.  On  all  the  farms  where  these 
accounts  were  taken  the  soybeans  were 
harvested  with  combines  since  by  their 
use  the  acre  costs  were  reduced  by 
30%  or  more  as  compared  with  other 
methods.  New  York  farmers  who  con¬ 
tinued  to  grow  wheat  instead  of  soy¬ 
beans  during  the  past  decade  probably 
used  good  judgment. 

But  overnight  the  picture  has  chang¬ 
ed.  There  is  an  unusual  demand 
for  fats  and  oils.  Here  the  soybean 
enters.  Its  fat  or  oil  runs  from  16% 
to  20%  and  the  bushel  price  has  shot 
skyward.  It  seems  altogether  likely 


that  acreage  shifted  to  this  crop  may 
be  made  to  pay  IF. 

Yields  Vary 

There  are  really  two  IFS.  One  re¬ 
fers  to  the  price  that  soybeans  will 
command  and  the  other  is  outturn  of 
beans  per  acre.  Barring  something 
unforeseen,  the  price  should  remain 
high  for  at  least  the  current  year.  The 
acre  yields  to  the  grower  will  depend 
on  the  season  and  the  skill  he  displays. 
Letters  come  from  many  people  ask¬ 
ing  what  yields  they  may  expect.  Un¬ 
less  one  knows  them  and  their  farms, 
it  is  just  about  impossible  to  make  any 
decent  guess.  I  once  saw  in  Cauyga 
County  a  ten  acre  field  that  yielded 
over  400  bushels.  A  twenty  acre  field 
on  an  adjoining  farm  likewise  yielded 
40  bushels.  The  nearly  100%  differ¬ 
ence  in  acre  yield  was  due  to  difference 
in  land  fertility  and  in  methods  of 
handling  the  crop. 

This  past  season  one  of  my  farmer 
friends  harvested  246  bushels  of  seed 
soybeans  from  six  acres.  An  out¬ 
standing  exception  ?  Certainly.  The 
point,  however,  is  that  he  knew  how 
to  grow  them  and  made  use  of  his 
knowledge.  His  land  is  good,  but  no 
better  suited  to  soybeans  than  land  to 
be  found  on  thousands  of  other  farms 
in  Central  and  Western  New  York. 
He  had  learned  by  observation  and 
previous  experience  that  soybeans  are 
not  a  poor  land  crop.  He  had  found 
that  they  respond  to  fertility  just  about 
as  other  crops  do. 

The  procedures  which  he  found 
necessary  and  effective  were: 

Soybean  Needs 

1.  He  chose  a  variety  which  used 
the  full  growing  season  and  yet  got 
fully  ripe. 

2.  He  used  high  quality  seed. 

3.  He  fitted  his  soil  well  in  advance 
of  sowing. 

4.  He  inoculated  the  seed  carefully. 

5.  He  planted  when  the  soil  was 
warm. 

6.  He  took  pains  to  plant  at  the 
proper  rate  and  depth. 

7.  He  practiced  thorough  and  effec¬ 
tive  weed  control. 

8.  He  hai’vested  his  crop  when  the 

leaves  were  all  down  and  the  beans 
fully  dry.  S. 

9.  He  used  well  ventilated  storage 
for  his  harvested  crop.  Since  the  beans 
were  worth  $4.00  per  bushel  for  seed, 
he  took  no  chances. 

This  instance  has  been  cited  as  evi¬ 
dence  that  good  yields  can  be  had,  pro¬ 
vided  good  land  is  used  and  right  pro¬ 
cedures  followed.  Farmers  who  are 
going  to  grow  soybeans  and  make  a 
success  of  it  will  have  to  learn  what 
the  essentials  are  and  work  according 
to  the  rules,  doing  ALL  the  things  that 
experience  has  shown  are  necessary. 


“Well,  well  — so  YOUR  boy  has  (S> 
home  chemistry  .set,  toof” 


"3© 


How  long  should  a  tractor  last? 


7  -THAT  .N 

«<»»»  GtlU* 
GASOUNE" 


GIJLK 

KEROSENE 


"EEX  CHASSIS  !  CUIFIEX  | 
LUBRICANT  ii  WATERPROOF  grease  1 


Facts  For  Farmers 

about  GULF  FARM  PRODUCTS 


Gulf  fuels  and  lubricants  are  available  at 
your  Good  Gulf  station  and  at  Gulf  dis¬ 
tributing  plants.  Gulfspray,  Gulf  Livestock 
Spray,  and  other  Gulf  products  for  home 
and  farm  are  sold  at  Gulf  stations,  grocery, 
drug',  hardware,  and  variety  stores  ...  at 
milk  gathering  stations  and  by  feed  stores. 


OIL  IS  AMMUNITION 


USE  IT  WISELY  ! 


How  To  Do  It 

by  R.  J.  S.  Pigott 

Gulf  Research  and  Development  Division 


If  a  lug  nut  should  freeze,  do  not  force  it. 
You  run  the  risk  of  stripping  the  thread. 
Douse  it  first  with  Gulf  Penetrating  Oil.  It 
penetrates  to  the  tiniest,  tight-fitting  re¬ 
cesses,  carrying  along  microscopically  fine 
graphite  which  softens  rust  quickly.  In  very 
stubborn  cases,  heat  the  nut  and  strike  a 
sharp  blow  with  hammer  or  wrench. 


These  days  there’s  only  one  answer  to  that 
question:  for  the  duration. 


Yet  the  high  operating  temperatures  common 
to  all  tractor  motors  tend  to  shorten  the  life  of 
your  most  vital  piece  of  equipment.  Unless — 
and  this  is  important — unless  you  use  an  oil 
especially  suited  to  high-temperature  operation. 


Gulf’s  answer  to  that  farm  problem:  Gulf 
Farm  Aid  #  1 ,  Gulflube  Motor  Oil — built  with  an 
extraordinary  resistance  to  heat  ...  to  take  the 
beating  a  tractor  gives  oil  .  .  .  to  stay  “Full” 
between  regular  drains  ...  to  resist  carbon  and 
sludge  formations  ...  an  oil  refined  to  quality 
standards  yet  selling  at  a  thrifty  price! 


Also — for  use  in  the  bam— Gulf  Livestock  Spray. 
Made  of  pyrethrum  and  a  mild,  light  base  oil,  it 
is  effectively  used  to  repel  many  flies  from  stock 
in  barn  and  pasture.  When  sprayed  just  before 
milking  time  it  helps  quiet  cows,  makes  milking 
easier,  and  does  not  spoil  the  milk. 


Farm  tractors  are  often  called  upon  to  operate 
under  very  heavy  load  conditions.  Gulf  Farm 
Aids  offer  Gulf  Transgear  Lubricants  E.  P.  as  ex¬ 
tra  protection  for  the  lubrication  of  Transmis¬ 
sions,  Final  Drives,  and  Power  take-offs.  Gulf 
Transgear  Lubricants  E.  P.  are  also  suitable  for 
use  in  truck  rollers  and  track  wheel  bearings 
where  a  fluid  lubricant  is  required.  These  are 
also  recommended  for  oil-type  steering  gears 
and  oil- type  universal  joints. 


On  the  farm,  the  fight  against  insect  life  is  never- 
ending.  To  aid  in  this,  Gulf  Research  developed 
Gulfspray.  Made  of  pure  pyrethrum  with  a  neu¬ 
tral  naphtha  base  (no  heavy  smelling  oils),  Gulf¬ 
spray  kills  a  full  dozen  household  bugs  including 
flies,  moths,  mosquitoes,  ants,  roaches,  and  bed¬ 
bugs.  Important  features:  Its  spray  will  not 
stain  fabrics  or  taste  up  foods.  Leaves  no  after- 
odor.  Priced  competitively. 


Jack  of  all  trades,  and  master  of  most,  too¬ 
ls  the  requirement  for  a  successful  farmer 
these  days.  Soil  expert,  mechanic,  salesman 
— he’s  got  to  be  ’em  all.  Knowledge  is  his 
right  arm. 

That  is  why  Gulf  takes  this  method  of 
giving,  in  factual  language,  the  contribu¬ 
tions  farmers  can  expect  of  Gulf  Farm  Aids. 
The  result  of  years  of  research  and  testing 
.  .  .  in  the  laboratory  and  on  the  farm,  each 
Gulf  Farm  Aid  is  manufactured  with  the 
farmer’s  problem  as  a  prime  consideration. 


Gulflube  Motor  Oil 

.  .  .  is  a  premium  quality  oil 
that’s  popularly  priced 

...  is  refined  by  the  Gulf  Multi¬ 
sol  Process 

...  is  extraordinarily  free  of 
carbon  and  sludge  formers 

...  is  highly  resistant  to  the 
high  temperatures  developed  by 
tractors 

...  is  economical  to  buy  and 
use 

...  is  packaged  in  one  and  five- 
quart  cans  .  .  .  five-gallon  pails 
.  .  .  55-gallon  drums. 


(236)  1 O 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 


SEED  CORN  NEEDS 

mrarmr 

Treat  now  with  Double-Acting 

SEMESAN  JR. 


SEMESAN  JR.  works  two  ways — 
by  contact  and  effective  vapor  ac¬ 
tion — to  kill  certain  seed-borne  and 
soil-borne  com  disease  organisms. 
Purchased  in  1-lb.  size,  costs  only 
per  bushel  of  seed.  Generally 
saves  seed  by  reducing  seed  rot¬ 
ting,  seedling  blights;  permits  ear¬ 
lier  planting;  has  increased  average 
yield  4  bushels  an  acre  in  9-year 
tests  in  Iowa.  Wear  dry  mask 
when  treating.  Ask  dealer  for  free 
Corn  Pamphlet  or  write  Bayer- 
Semesan  Co.,  Wilmington,  Del. 


CONNECTICUT 

APOTHECARIES  HALL  CO., 

14-24  BENEDICT  ST.,  WATERBURY 

MASSACHUSETTS 

JOSEPH  BRECK  &  SONS  CORP., 

85  STATE  ST.,  BOSTON 

NEW  YORK 

HARVEY  SEED  CO.,  INC., 

65-69  ELLICOTT  ST.,  BUFFALO 
BAN  FI  ELD-JEN  N I  NGS  CORP., 

222  N.  WATER  ST.,  ELMIRA 
FAESY  &  BESTHOFF,  INC.. 

22  E.  40th  ST.,  NEW  YORK 


STAN  LEY’S 
CROW 
REPELLENT 


PROTECTS  YOUR 
SEED  CORN 

from  Crows,  Pheasants,  Blackbirds, 
Larks,  and  all  other  corn-pulling  birds 


(1  Quart) enough  Of  7? 
for  4  bushels  seed  v  *  •  *  » 

(1  pint)  Enough  f  nn 
for  2  bushels  seed 

(2  pint)  Enough  cn 

for  1  bushel  seed  •**'' 

If  your  hardware,  drug  or 
seed  store  does  not  have  it 
in  stock,  order  direct. 
“Money-Back’ ’  guarantee. 


itSa&V 


Manufactured  Only  By 

cedar  Hill  Formulae  Co. 

Boxll29-M,  New  Britain,  Conn. 


/No,  I’m  not. 
Ideadbut  what 
l  if  that  *tuff/ 


Lets  6et  him  out) 

.of  this  g 


iguick/. 


Write  for  prices  on  Schroer’s  Better  Vegetable  Plants. 

Cabbage,  leading  varieties;  Onion,  Broccoli.  Certified 
Tomatoes:  Gulf  State  Market  (Pink),  Pritchard,  Bonny 
Bast,  Stokesdale,  Marglobe,  Rutger,  Brimmer,  Ponder- 
osa,  John  Jiaer,  and  Baltimore.  Pepper:  Buby  Giant, 
World  Beater,  California  Wonder,  Pimento,  red  Cay¬ 
enne  and  Hungarian  Yellow  Wax.  Black  Beauty  egg¬ 
plant.  Porto  Rico  Yam  sweet  potato. 

SCHROER  PLANT  FARMS,  VALDOSTA,  GEORGIA 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
It  In  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


Irrigating  Vegetables 

(iq,  Paul  flt/osiJz 


Paul  Work 


IT  WILL  COST  more  to  provide  seed, 
fertilizer,  equipment  and,  above  all, 
labor  for  the  production  of  vegetables 
in  1942.  Few  measures  are  more  effec¬ 
tive  than  irrigation  in  reducing  the 
risks  which  hang  upon  the  question  as 
to  whether  a  person  is  going  to  realize 

a  full  yield  for  his 
effort  and  invest¬ 
ment.  Nobody  can 
tell  whether  1942 
is  going  to  be  a 
wet  year  or  a  dry 
year,  but  records 
show  that  there  is 
seldom  a  year 
when  irrigation  is 
not  valuable  and 
profitable  at  one 
time  or  another. 
This  is  especially 
true  for  some  crops 
such  as  celery,  let¬ 
tuce,  early  cab¬ 
bage,  spinach,  car- 
r  o  t  s,  cauliflower, 
beets,  and  pota¬ 
toes.  For  a  crop  like  late  cabbage 
which  can  use  water  when  it  comes, 
irrigation  is  not  so  commonly  prac¬ 
ticed.  We  think  of  it  as  less  feasible 
for  low  price  production  for  cannery, 
but  New  Jersey  growers  have  found  it 
exceedingly  valuable  for  peas,  bringing 
yields  up  to  2  tons  per  acre  where 
otherwise  a  ton  is  good.  Irrigation  is 
especially  valuable  when  one  plants 
early  to  catch  the  high  prices  of  early 
markets,  if  any,  and  when  he  plants 
late  in  the  expectation  of  selling  be¬ 
tween  the  over-supply  of  mid-season 
and  the  advent  of  frosts. 

Anyone  who  is  interested  in  irriga¬ 
tion  for  1942  had  better  get  busy  and 
not  wait  until  they  see  whether  we  are 
going  to  have  drouth  or  not. 

An  irrigation  installation  calls  for 
exceedingly  careful  planning.  You 
had  better  be  sure,  to  begin  with,  that 
you  have  an  adequate  water  supply  al¬ 
though  some  have  done  wonders  in 
making  effective  use  of  limited  re¬ 
sources.  Walter  Langdon  has  a  deep 
well  which  does  not  supply  nearly 
enough  water.  He  pumps  24  hours  a 
day,  7  days  a  week,  and  accumulates 
water  in  a  reservoir  so  that  he  uses 
the  daily  output  of  his  well  practically 
to  the  full. 

Types  of  equipment  and  layout  have 
an  important  bearing  on  the  success  of 
an  installation.  It  is  well  to  get  in 
touch  with  more  than  one  irrigation 
company.  Most  of  these  concerns  have 
good  and  experienced  engineers  who 
are  very  anxious  for  the  outfits  that 
they  sell  to  be  successful.  There  is 
considerable  literature  and  workers  at 
the  experiment  stations  both  in  horti¬ 
culture  and  agricultural  engineering 
that  are  able  to  help. 

*  *  * 

Standardizing  Containers 


According  to  four  regional  booklets 
published  by  the  Freight  Container 
Bureau  of  the  Association  of  American 
Railroads,  554  different  styles  and  sizes 
of  shipping  packages  are  used  by  the 
fruit  and  vegetable  packers  of  the 
United  States.  The  Bureau  has  been 
working  for  years  to  standardize  these 
containers  and  to  reduce  their  number 
and  has  made  material  progress,  but 
554  is  too  many. 

A  recent  conference  in  Chicago  call¬ 
ed  by  the  United  Fresh  Fruit  and 
Vegetable  Association,  an  organization 
of  wholesale  produce  dealers,  came  to 
gi'ips  with  the  problem  and  recom¬ 
mended  that  300  of  them  be  marked 
for  elimination.  The  Conference  in¬ 
cluded  produce  dealers,  railroad  and 
traffic  men,  government  officials,  but 


as  far  as  we  can  judge  no  one  from 
the  experiment  stations.  Henry  Mar- 
quart  of  Orchard  Park  and  F.  J.  Klein 
of  Chicago,  who  is  President  of  the 
Vegetable  Growers  Association  of  Am¬ 
erica,  represented  eastern  vegetable 
producer  interests. 

Of  course,  further  conferences  will 
be  necessary  to  finish  off  reduction  of 
the  list  and  to  make  it  effective  in  rail¬ 
road  shipments.  Each  area  and  some¬ 
times  individual  growers  insist  upon 
their  own  ideas  in  packaging  for 
reasons  that  seem  good  to  them  so 
that  confusion  is  hard  to  eliminate. 

Local  marketers  as  well  as  shippers 
are  interested  in  movements  of  this 
sort.  The  man  who  buys  used  pack¬ 
ages  for  local  marketing  faces  almost 
as  serious  confusion  as  does  the  ship¬ 
per. 

This  package  standardization  move¬ 
ment  is  of  course  especially  important 
at  the  present  time  for  economy  in 
making,  handling,  and  packing  contain¬ 
ers,  and  in  selling  the  goods. 

*  *  * 

Cooperation 

Why  shouldn’t  vegetable  growers 
take  a  leaf  out  of  the  notebook  of  oth¬ 
er  farmers  and  do  a  bit  of  pooling  of 
resources  in  handling  and  transporta¬ 
tion  of  vegetables? 

With  labor,  rubber,  and  trucks  all 
threatening  to  be  serious  bottlenecks, 
vegetable  growers  might  well  consider 
various  means  of  bringing  their  prod- 
ducts  together,  putting  them  up  eco¬ 
nomically  and  under  standard  grade 
and  brand  and  letting  a  specialist  do 
the  selling  instead  of  standing  for 
hours  on  markets  to  move  a  few  dol¬ 
lars  worth  of  goods. 

Some  of  these  days  if  we  do  not  do 
these  things,  somebody  will  do  them 
for  us  and  we  may  not  like  that  so 
well. 

- —  A.  A. — 

WHEAT  REFERENDUM 

May  2  is  the  date  set  for  a  wheat 
referendum  vote.  On  this  date,  any 
farmer  who  has  planted  more  than  fif¬ 
teen  acres  of  wheat  for  harvest  during 
1942  is  eligible  to  vote  on  the  proposi¬ 
tion,  “Shall  wheat  marketing  quotas 
be  established  for  the  1942  crop?’’ 
Two-thirds  of  those  who  vote  must  say 
“yes”  in  order  for  the  proposition  to 
be  carried. 

Back  of  this  referendum  is  this 
situation.  It  is  the  policy  of  the  U.  S. 
Department  of  Agriculture  that  loans 
on  wheat  (and  other  crops)  be  discon¬ 
tinued  when  the  surplus  reaches  a 
certain  point  unless  growers  agree  by 
vote  that  it  is  advisable  to  restrict  the 
marketing  of  the  crop.  The  govern¬ 
ment  estimates  that  the  carry-over  this 
year  will  be  about  635,000,000  bushels, 
and  that  the  new  crop  may  yield  793,- 
000,000.  Domestic  consumption  of 
wheat  in  this  country  runs  about 
670,000,000  bushels  a  year. 

If  farmers  turn  down  wheat  market¬ 
ing  quotas,  government  loans  on  wheat 
will  be  discontinued,  and  the  price  of 
wheat  will  be  determined  then  by  nor¬ 
mal  conditions  of  supply  and  demand. 

Without  in  any  way  advising  how 
you  should  vote,  we  do  urge,  if  you 
are  eligible,  that  you  vote  on  this 
proposition  on  May  2.  The  only  way 
to  get  a  true  picture  of  what  wheat 
growers  want  is  to  have  a  high  per¬ 
centage  of  votes  from  those  who  are 
eligible.  If  you  live  in  a  wheat-grow¬ 
ing  county,  it  is  probable  that  a  meet¬ 
ing  of  growers  is  scheduled  soon. 
There,  you  will  have  an  opportunity  to 
hear  a  full  explanation  of  the  situation 
and  to  ask  questions. 


10  Sound  Reasons 


FOR  USING 


NICHOISf^ 
COPPER  SULFA 


ORIGINALN 
“INSTANT"  ’ 


997°  PURE 


Bordeaux  mixtures  which  effectively  control 
fungous  diseases  depend  on  the  elimination  of 
guesswork  and  haphazard  methods  of  determin¬ 
ing  the  amount  of  t  Copper  Sulfate  in  the  spray 
mixture.  Nichols  Triangle  Brand  “Instant”  Cop¬ 
per  Sulfate  gives  you  these  10  advantages: 

1.  ACCURATE  CONTROL  .  .  .  You  know  exactly 
how  much  copper  sulfate  is  in  your  mixture. 

2.  GREATER  SAFETY  .  .  .  Control  of  mixture 

means  increased  safety. 

3.  BETTER  MIXTURES  .  .  .  Dissolves  instantly 
and  completely. 

4.  ECONOMY  .  .  .  No  waste,  no  sediment,  no 
undissolved  crystals.  YOU  USE  IT  ALL! 

5.  EFFICIENCY  .  .  .  99%  pure,  100%  efficient. 

6.  FASTER  OPERATIONS  .  .  .  Saves  time,  labor 
.  .  .  mixes  directly  in  the  spray  tank.  Re¬ 
quires  no  agitation. 

7.  REDUCED  EQUIPMENT  COSTS  .  .  .  Eliminates 
extra  equipment  for  slaking  lime  and  mak¬ 
ing  stock  solutions. 

8.  KNOWN  QUALITY  .  .  .  Standard  for  50  years, 
it  is  the  oldest  and  best  known  brand. 
Modem  manufacturing  methods  assure  nev¬ 
er  failing  high  quality  in  every  package. 

9.  MODERN  PACKAGES  .  .  .  Safeguard  quality. 
At  no  extra  cost,  you  get  the  best  in  water- 

-  proof  bags  and  steel-hooped  barrels. 

(D  PRODUCED  IN  3  LARGE  PLANTS  .  .  .  Your  deal¬ 
er  can  always  supply  you  because  of  three 
strategically  located  plants. 


- ASK  YOUR  DEALER - 

For  Nichols  Triangle-  Brand  “Instant”  Conner 
Sulfate  today.  He  also  carries  LARGE  AND 
SMALL  CRYSTAL  and  SUPER-FINE  NICHOLS 
SULFATE  for  STANDARD  BORDEAUX,  and 
MONOHYDRATED  for  copper  lime  dusts. 


Mtvt  PHELPS  DODGE  REFINING  CORPORATION 

'  W  ■  REFINERS  OF  ELECTROLYTIC  COPREP 

40  Wall  St..  New  York.  NY..  230  N  Michigan  he .  Chicago.  III. 


ECONOMICALLY  MEETS  EVERY 
SMALL-FARM  POWER  NEED 


See  this  new  Bl-3  ROTOTILLER.  A  complete 
small-farm  operating  unit.  It  will  amaze  you. 
Built  to  exacting  automotive  standards.  Fast 
rotating  tines  plow,  disc,  harrow,  smooth— all 
in  one  operation.  Tills  deep,  breaks  hard  sod, 
mows,  hauls,  plows  snow,  operates  power 
equipment.  Assures  better 
crops;  easy,  low-cost  opera¬ 
tion.  Thousandsin  use.  Write 
now  for  FREE  illustrated 
folder.  No  obligation. 

ROTOTILLER,  INC. 
TROT,  N.Y.  DEPT.  Q 


Home  Beautification 

Though  the  planting  of 

Evergreens,  Flowering  Shrubs,  Roses 
Grow  More  Fruit 

Reduce  the  cost  of  living.  Apples.  Pears,  Peaches, 
Grapes,  Berries,  etc.  Send  for  Descriptive  Catalog. 
Dependable  Nursery  Stock  at  very  reasonable  prices. 
The  leading  up-to-date  trustworthy  varieties. 

THE  WILSON  NURSERIES 

Thomas  Marks  <fe  Son 
WILSON  NEW  YORK 

Located  in  the  Center  of  the  Famous  Fruit  Belt 
of  Niagara  County  for  the  past  Thirty  Years. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

25  each  Premier,  Aberdeen,  Clare¬ 
mont,  Dunlap,  $1.25;  250  each,  $8. 
The  best  4  kinds  for  home  use.  All 
kinds  strawberry,  raspberry,  and 
other  Berry  Plants.  Fruit  Trees. 
Shrubs.  Arines.  Perennials.  Est.  59 
years.  Catalog  free. 

L.  J.  FARMER, 

Dept.  A. A.  Pulaski,  N.  Y. 


CTDAWRCDDY  PLANTS,  certified,  true 
9  I  Krt  WotliH  I  t0  name,  from  NEW 
plantings  direct  from  the  grower.  Premier — Fairfax— 
Catskill — Dorsett — Dresden — Pathfinder  —  Dunlap  —  Aber¬ 
deen.  100,  $1;  300,  $2.50;  500,  $3.50;  1000,  $7.  Masto¬ 
don-Gem  (Everbearing)  50,  80c:  100,  $1.50;  300,  $3.50: 
500,  $5;  tOOO,  $10.  Transp.  Coll.  Figure  each  variety 
separate.  EUREKA  FARMS,  MAPLE  VIEW,  N.  Y. 


Strawberry  Plants  SinR 

Catalog  free.  W.  E.  BENNING.  CLYDE,  NEW  YORK. 


FIELDG  ROWN  VEGETABLE  PLANTS:  Wakefield. 
Goldenacre,  Copenhagen.  Marion  Market  Cabbage  Plants: 
White  and  Yrellow  Bermuda  Onion  Plants  $1.00  thousand. 
Mail  or  express  collect.  Free  catalog  tomato,  pepper, 
potato  and  other  plants.  > 

OMEGA  PLANT  FARMS,  OMEGA,  GEORGIA. 


IFfilTfll  A  “New  Potato  Marvel,’'  U.  S.  Dept. 
'Ly  U  KJ Agriculture  creation,  rugged,  blight 
-esisting.  heavy  yielding,  smooth,  white.  ..  . . 

CUYLER  RICH,  NEWPORT,  MAINS. 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 


'i  1  ( 23  i  ) 


YOU,  YOUR  FARM  and  THE  WAR 


WHAT-NO  LIME  ! 

By  R.  B.  CHILD 

NEW  YORK  farmers  used  about 
600,000  tons  of  lime  in  1941.  A 
year  from  now  they  may  not  be  able 
to  get  any.  It  takes  steel  to  quarry  and 
grind  limestone,  and  the  regional  AAA 
office,  on  inquiry  of  the  War  Produc¬ 
tion  Board  in  Washington,  has  asked 
specialists  of  the  several  State  Colleges 
of  Agriculture  in  the  northeast  to  es¬ 
timate  the  effects  on  the  State’s  agri¬ 
culture  of  discontinuing  the  use  of  lime 
for  5  years. 

Cornell  Extension  Agronomists  esti¬ 
mate  that  if  New  York  farmers  use 
no  lime,  about  12  billion  pounds  less 
milk  will  be  produced  in  the  next  5 
years. 

We  have  been  called  upon  to  in¬ 
crease  our  war  time  production  of  milk, 
and  dairy  feed  crops  need  nitrogen  to 
do  it.  Less  lime  means  less  legumes; 
less  legumes  mean  less  free  nitrogen 
from  the  air;  less  free  nitrogen  means 
we  would  have  to  get  it  from  com¬ 
mercial  sources — and  much  of  our  com¬ 
mercial  fertilizer  nitrogen  is  going  in¬ 
to  munitions. 

Just  how  much  steel  does  it  take  to 
quarry  and  grind  a  ton  of  limestone? 
Less  than  an  ounce — about  1/20  of  a 
pound,  according  to  careful  calcula¬ 
tions  of  several  representatives  of  the 
lime  industry.  Quarrying  and  grinding 
equipment  parts  are  about  90%  recov¬ 
erable  when  worn  down  so  that  they 
have  to  be  turned  back  to  the  smelter. 

Let’s  figure  out  how  much  steel 
would  be  lost  in  quarrying  and  grind¬ 
ing  all  the  lime  used  in  New  York 
State  in  a  year.  Six  hundred  thousand 
tons  of  lime  times  1/20  pound  of  steel 
per  ton  equals  15  tons  steel.  It’s  a  ridic¬ 
ulously  small  figure. 

Where  will  that  15  tons  of  steel  pack 
the  most  wallop  in  the  war  effort?  In 
grinding  a  year’s  supply  of  limestone, 
which  is  the  basic  requirement  of  in¬ 
creased  milk  product 'on,  or  in  one 
heavy  gun?  * 

The  New  York  State  College  of  Agri¬ 
culture  and  New  York  farm  organiza¬ 
tions  are  asking  for  a  higher  priority 
rating  for  steel  used  in  quarrying  and 
grinding  limestone. 

— a  a. — 

Tiros —  It  has  been  ruled  that  trucks 
used  exclusively  for  farm  work,  such 
as  hauling  hay,  grain  and  straw  to 
market,  are  eligible  for  new  tires.  To 
get  them,  of  course,  you  will  have  to 
make  application  to  your  Tire  Ration¬ 
ing  Board.  As  we  interpret  that,  it 
means  you  are  eligible,  yet  there  is  no 
guarantee  thgt  everyone  can  be  sup¬ 
plied. 

— a.  a. — 

Nails — A  recent  government  order 
released  a  small  amount  of  steel  for 
making  nails  for  fruit  and  vegetable 
boxes.  We  are  told  that  in  past  months 
most  of  the  steel  available  for  nails 
has  been  made  into  “eights”  and 
“tens.”  The  result  is  that  there  is  an 
acute  shortage  of  smaller  sizes,  al¬ 
though  the  order  just  mentioned  will 
ease  this  situation  a  little. 

Fencing  is  also  of  short  supply.  Elec¬ 
tric  fence  controllers  are  being  made 
in  substantial  quantities,  and  there  is 
no  doubt  that  electric  fences  will  be 
used  more,  thus  saving  wire. 

—a.  a. — 

Tailor —  Spokesmen  o  f  organized 
labor  are  making  capital  of  their  plan 
to  abandon  double  pay  for  Sundays 
and  holidays.  Analysis  of  the  situa¬ 
tion  shows  that  they  are  giving  up  less 
than  might  appear  at  first  thought. 


They  are  still  asking  for  time  and  a 
half  for  Sundays  and  holidays,  even 
though  total  hours  worked  during  the 
week  do  not  exceed  forty. 

Another  report  tells  that  one  Union 
demanded  a  forty-hour  week  but  wish¬ 
ed  a  guarantee  of  forty-eight  hours  of 
work  with  time  and  a  half  for  the 
extra  eight  hours! 

— a.  a. — 

Baled  Hay — A  county  sealer  of 
weights  and  measures  in  New  York 
State  has  found  that  hay  baled  in  the 
field  last  fall  may  have  shrunk  as  much 
as  15  lbs.  to  the  bale.  A  state  law 
prohibits  the  sale  of  baled  hay  or 
straw  weighing  less  than  the  amount 
marked  on  the  tag.  This  item  is  im¬ 
portant.  If  you  are  buying  baled  hay, 
a  check  on  weights  may  save  you 
money. 

Two  simple  devices  for  straighten¬ 
ing  bale  ties  can  be  made  right  on 
the  farm.  Directions  for  one  of  these 
devices  can  be  secured  from  the  De¬ 
partment  of  Animal  Husbandry  at  the 


New  York  State  College  of  Agricul¬ 
ture,  Ithaca;  while  plans  for  the  other 
are  available  from  the  G.L.F.  Ex¬ 
change,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  The  latest  new 
is  that  some  wire  will  be  released  for 
bale  ties,  but  the  supply  is  likely  to 
be  short. 

J.  Sloat  Wells,  Big  Flats,  N.  Y.,  who 
worked  out  the  details  of  one  of  the 
straighteners,  says  that  he  can 
straighten  200  bale  ties  an  hour. 

— a.  a. — 

Bugs — Rotenone  dust,  which  has 
been  used  in  increasing  amounts  in 
recent  years,  comes  from  a  root  im¬ 
ported  from  the  Far  East  and  South 
America.  A  new  dust  has  been  de¬ 
veloped,  containing  some  rotenone  plus 
a  product  known  as  Lethane.  It  is  as 
effective  as  rotenone  and  more  eco¬ 
nomical,  and  it  is  believed  that  the 
supply  will  be  sufficient  to  meet  the 
demand. 

— a.  a. — 

Anti-Freeze —  One  material  that 
is  going  to  be  short  next  fall  is  anti¬ 
freeze  for  cars,  trucks  and  tractors. 
True  enough,  some  of  us  may  have 
our  cars  stored  so  we  won’t  need  anti¬ 
freeze.  Nevertheless,  it  is  good  sense 
this  spring  to  save  the  “anti-freeze” 


in  your  radiator.  A  good  way  to  do  it 
is  to  put  it  in  glass  jugs  and  store  it 
in  the  cellar. 

— a.  a. — 

Containers - The  United  Fresh 

Fruit  and  Vegetable  Association  is 
urging  the  discontinuance  of  301  dif¬ 
ferent  containers  now  being  used  to 
pack  food  stuff.  Such  a  simplification, 
it  is  believed,  would  make  a  great  sav¬ 
ing  in  wood,  paper,  nails  and  wire. 

— A.  a. — 

4-H  Clubs —  This  is  National  4-H 
Mobilization  Week.  The  one  and  a 
half  million  farm  boys  and  girls  in 
4-H  Clubs  have  been  doing  excellent 
service  in  gardens,  in  salvaging  waste 
—in  fact,  in  any  way  in  which  their 
services  have  been  requested. 


SANITARY  RUNWAY 
NO.  77761 


4-SQUARE  U.M.U.  POLE  TYPE 
LAYING  HOUSE— NO.  FI  404 

WRITE  FOR  YOUR  COPY.. .designs 

OF  POULTRY  BUILDINGS  AND  EQUIPMENT 

The  coupon  below  will  bring  you  a  book 
showing  expert  designs  of  Poultry  Fund¬ 
ings  and  Equipment.  Profusely  illus-  ~~ 
trated,  clearly  described,  it  shows 
how  you  can  get  buildings  that  in¬ 
crease  poultry  production  at  low 
cost.  This  book  is  part  of  the  4-Square 
Farm  Building  Service  which  fea¬ 
tures  buildings  that  cost  less,  pay 
their  way,  do  more.  ^ 


LOW  COST-EASY-TO- 
BUILD  EQUIPMENT  1 


Uncle  Sam  wants  more  eggs  —  he  needs  more  poultry. 
He’s  counting  on  you  not  to  neglect  the  vital  growing 
stage  of  your  birds  —  the  critical  period  between  baby 
chick  and  laying  hen. 

Clean  healthful  range  life  means  more  sanitation 
and  the  chance  for  your  pullets  to  grow  into  strong, 
vigorous  egg  producers.  But  your  birds  need  good  range 
equipment  —  shade  shelters  for  lounging,  open-air 
roosting  shelters  —  outdoor  feeders  and  waterers.  This 
low  cost  equipment  can  make  money  for  you.  " 


9 


ree  blue  prints  and  specifications 

Here’s  equipment  and  buildings  you  can  build  yourself, 
economically,  inexpensively  and  quickly.  Blue  Prints 
and  Specifications  are  available.  Easy  to  follow  —  Easy 
to  use.  These  structures  are  designed  to  do  the  job  right 
—  and  reduce  costs  by  making  maximum  use  of  exact 
lengths  of  4- Square  Lumber.  This  improved,  ready- to- 
use  lumber  eliminates  needless  sawing,  fitting  and  ma¬ 
terial  waste.  4-Square  Lumber  is  properly  seasoned  and 
comes  in  a  species  and  grade  to  fit  every  building  need 
and  every  pocketbook. 


SQUARE  LUMBER 


THE  LUMBER  FOR  YOUR  FARM 

4-Square  Lumber  is  the  best  and  most  eco¬ 
nomical  building  material  for  all  farm  con¬ 
struction.  Available  in  many  species  and 
grades;  cut  to  exact  lengths/  square  ends, 
smooth  surfaces,  thoroughly  seasoned,  it 
lowers  building  costs,  reduces  waste,  as¬ 
sures  better  construction. 

Copyright  i<>4:.,  Weyerhaeuser  Sales  Company 


WEYERHAEUSER  SALES  COMPANY 

2325  First  National  Bank  Bldg.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Please  send  free  book  “Housing  and  Equipment  for  Poultry’ 


AA442 


I  want  to  build. 


Name. 


Address . ! . . 

Town .  Co. 


State . 


(2S8)  12 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 


Elmer  the  Bulhorg  says 


Save  time,  work,  and  money  with  these  advantages 

You  get:  1.  The  hi-line  controller  approved  for 
safety  by  Underwriters’  Laboratories,  Inc.  2.  Twice 
the  "kick”  of  other  makes  —  puts  alternating 
current  (the  most  effective  type)  on  the  fence. 
3.  Big  savings  of  posts  and  wire  —  conserving 
steel.  4.  Increased  production  and  profits  by  pas¬ 
turing  anywhere.  5.  No  batteries  to  run  down. 
6.  No  radio  tubes  to  burn  out.  7.  Exact  measure¬ 
ment  of  shock  on  fence.  8.  Accurate  adjustment 
of  shock  to  fit  all  conditions.  9.  Split-second 
timing  of  shock  for  safety.  10.  Peace  of  mind 
—  no  more  fence  worries.  1 1 .  Nine-year  success 
record,  on  thousands  of  farms.  •  Also  battery 
models,  complete  price  range.  See  your  Prime 
dealer  now,  The  Prime  Mfg,  Co.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 


I’m  a  Bulhorg,”  says  Elmer,  "strong  as  a  bull,  big  as 
a  horse,  slippery  as  a  hog.  I  respect  only  one  fence  — 
the  PRIME  .  .  .  Because  PRIME  holds  all  of  your  live¬ 
stock,  all  of  the  time,  all  over  the  farm.” 


YEA  MAN! 

EVEN  DRY 
SOFT  AFTER 
SOAKING! 


THERE’S  WEAR 
TO  SPARE  IN 


WOLVERINE 
HORSEHIDE  HANDS 

•  Why  hamper  your  hands  with  stiff,  un¬ 
wieldy  work  gloves?  You’ll  get  real  protec¬ 
tion  in  Horsehide  Hands — exceptional  wear 
— and  amazing  comfort  besides.  They’re 
soft  as  kid,  dry  soft,  stay  soft — never  lose 
their  original  comfort.  Try  on  a  pair  at 
your  nearby  WOLVERINE  GLOVE 
dealer’s.  If  you  don’t  know  his  name,  write 
WOLVERINE  SHOE  8s  TANNING 
CORP.,  DEPT.  A-442,  ROCKFORD, 
MICHIGAN. 

Horsehide 
Work  Gloves 


JUICE 
TIGHT! 

Wood  is  the  proven, 
best  material  in  which 
to  cure  and  keep  silage. 

But  only  the  Unadilla  has 
the  patented  lock  dowell- 
ing  and  V-type  anchors  that 
tie  the  entire  silo  into  a  Juice- 
Hight  —  windproof  —  enduring 
structure.  With  fair  care  it 
should  outlast  any  other  silo. 
Save  the  Juice!  It  contains  valu¬ 
able  body  and  bone  building 
mineral  food.  Sure-grip,  sure- 
step,  door-front  ladder  assures 
convenience  and  safety. 

Write  today  for  catalog  and  early - 
order  low  prices.  Unadilla  Silo  Co., 
Box  B,  Unadilla,  N.  Y. 

AGENTS  WANTED  —  for  Open  Territory. 


UNADILLA  SILOS 


WOLVERINE 


|  \T>rU  CTHCIf  new — used  tractor  parts  for  sale 
LiAlVUt,  J10V.1V  cheap.  Order  nearest  branch. 
Catalog  free. 

IRVING’S  TRACTOR  LUG  CO.,  Galesburg,  III. 


HARDER  SILOS 

War  program  demands  more 
milk.  Highest  prices  assur¬ 
ed.  Good  roughage  (Silage) 
essential  to  low  cost  pro¬ 
duction. 

Silos  are  scarce  — 
secure  yours  now. 

HARDER  SILO  COMPANY,  Inc. 

102  Grand  St.,  Cobleskill,  N.  Y. 


POST  YOUR  FARM 

AND  KEEP  TRESPASSERS  OFF. 

We  can  supply  you  with  signs,  printed  on  heavy, 
coated  cloth,  that  meet  legal  requirements. 
Write  for  prices. 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST, 

10  North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


FARMERS  MUST  OBEY  NEW  INCOME  TAX  LAW 

TO  AVOID  PENALTIES  ! 


I  Simplified  Records  Publ.  Co., 

I  74  Varick  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

J  Please  tell  me  how  I  can  obey  the 
I  Income  Tax  laws,  and  save  time, 
|  money,  and  trouble. 


Ignorance  of  the  law  will  not  save  you 
if  the  Gov'ernment  asks  to  see  YOUR 
records. 

Learn  how  other  farmers  and  business 
men  have  solved  their  Income  Tax  prob¬ 
lems  and  saved  time,  money,  and 
trouble,  by  keeping  proper  understand¬ 
able  records. 

Just  fill  out  and  mail  this  coupon  for 
complete  information.  No  obligation  of 
any  kind. 

SIMPLIFIED  RECORDS  PUBL.  CO. 


i 


Name  . 

Address  . 

City .  State. 


A.  Schillawski,  left,  of  Auburn,  New  York,  and  his  son  Ed  with  some  of  their  Brown 

Swiss  cows. 

tf-osujtiuf,  Ahead  with  the 

BIG  BROWN  COW 


DRIVING  east  on  Highway  20  from 
Auburn,  New  York,  the  motorist 
will  notice  a  neat,  well  kept,  practical 
farmstead  about  a  mile  from  the  city 
limits,  the  home  of  A.  Schillawski  and 
his  son,  Ed.  The  place  immediately 
gives  one  the  impression  of  good  farm¬ 
ing,  good  livestock,  coupled  with  ex¬ 
cellent  management  and  thrift.  In  the 
summer-time  the  crops  give  great 
promise,  showing  the  results  of  good 
soil  management  and  careful  tilling  of 
the  soil.  The  cattle  at  all  times  give 
testimony  to  excellent  care  and  feed. 

Mr.  Schillawski  came  directly  to  Au¬ 
burn,  N.  Y.,  from  Germany.  In  1908 
he  started  farming  and  in  1912  he  pur¬ 
chased  the  present  farm.  It  was  in 
1926  that  the  Schillawskis  decided  that 
they  could  materially  increase  their 
farm  income  by  breeding  registered 
Brown  Swiss  cattle.  So,  after  consid¬ 
erable  investigation,  they  purchased 
three  foundation  females,  Minnie  of 
Walhalla  17017,  Bowena  2nd  16556,  and 
Bonita  of  Walhalla  17012.  These  three 
heifers  were  all  three  year  olds  when 
purchased.  They  all  proved  to  be  good 
profitable  producers,  regular  breeders 
and  good  reproducers.  In  going 
through  the  Schillawski  herd  today  one 
can  find  fifty-five  females,  direct  de¬ 
scendants  of  the  three  original  heifers. 
In  addition,  their  records  show  that 
forty  females  have  been  sold  from  the 
farm. 

During  the  past  few  years  a  few  ad¬ 
ditional  females  have  been  purchased. 
At  the  Surbeck  dispersal  five  very  good 
cows  were  purchased.  Then  at  the 
1940  Eastern  Breeders’  Sale,  Sparkle 
Ivy  of  Walhalla  57853,  and  Barbette’s 
J.  Gertrude  J.  B.  86199  were/  added  to 
the  herd. 

The  first  three  bulls  used  in  the  herd 
were  Mildred’s  Prince  of  Walhalla 
14155,  Beau  of  Hilltop  23468,  and  Han 
of  Hilltop  25153.  Of  these  Mildred’s 
Prince  proved  to  be  the  greatest  bene¬ 
factor  to  the  herd.  He  proved  himself 
to  be  a  good  bull  both  from  the  stand¬ 
point  of  siring  desirable  type  and  good 
production.  His  twelve  daughters  av¬ 
eraged  9,051  lbs.  milk  and  351  lbs.  but- 
terfat  in  302  days. 

The  daughters  of  Allynhurst  Benefit 
37284  are  now  coming  into  production 
and  look  very  promising  from  every 
standpoint. 

They  are  expecting  great  things 
from  their  present  junior  herd  sire, 
Judd’s  Bridge  Baron  2nd  47469,  who, 
judging  from  his  pedigree,  has  every 
right  to  sire  both  type  and  production. 
The  testing  program  was  not  start¬ 


ed  in  the  herd  until  1935.  That  year 
18  cows  averaged  327  lbs.  butterfat. 
In  1936,  19  cows  averaged  329  lbs.  but¬ 
terfat.  In  1937,  19  cows  averaged  336 
lbs.  butterfat.  In  1938,  21  cows  aver¬ 
aged  300  lbs.  butterfat.  In  1939,  19 
cows  averaged  305  lbs.  butterfat,  and 
in  1940,  18  cows  averaged  387  lbs.  but¬ 
terfat. 

The  Schillawski’s  have  been  good, 
active  members  of  their  community. 
Ed  has  just  completed  a  two  year  term 
as  President  of  the  State  Brown  Swiss 
Breeders’  Association. 

The  Schillawski  story  is  not  one  of 
success  overnight,  nor  one  of  continu¬ 
ed  progress  without  a  few  setbacks. 
It  is  rather  a  story  of  a  good  farmer 
breeder,  who  keeps  ever  in  mind  that 
his  herd  must  be  profitable  from  a 
milk  standpoint.  He  grows  and  utilizes 
a  maximum  of  home  grown  feeds, 
striving  for  maximum  profit  rather 
than  the  highest  record  possible  to  ob¬ 
tain  from  the  cow. 

The  surplus  stock,  for  which  they 
have  always  enjoyed  a  brisk  demand, 
have  been  sold  at  reasonable  prices  to 
other  farmer  breeders,  starting  many 
new  Brown  Swiss  herds.  The  undesir¬ 
able  animals  have  been  sent  to  market. 

—  a.  a. — 

COLBY  SUCCEEDS 
GILLETT 

Bernard  A.  Colby  of  Longmeadow, 
Mass.,  has  been  elected  president  of 
the  Federal  Intermediate  Credit  Bank 
of  Springfield,  it  was  announced  at  a 
recent  meeting  of  the  Farm  Credit 
Board.  He  has  been  vice-president  of 
the  bank  since  1933  and  his  promotion 
fills  the  place  left  vacant  when  Allen 
L.  Gillett  resigned  recently  to  become 
general  agent  of  the  Farm  Credit 
Administration  of  Springfield, 

Born  and  brought  up  on  a  farm  at 
Spencerport,  N.  Y.,  Mr.  Colby  started 
his  banking  career  with  the  Bank  of 
Spencerport  in  1919,  as  a  bookkeeper, 
later  becoming  its  vice-president. 

In  1932  Mr.  Colby  came  to  Spring- 
field  as  assistant  treasurer  of  the  In¬ 
termediate  credit  bank  and  a  year  later 
became  its  vice-president.  The  bank 
serves  as  a  re-discount  agency  for 
short-term  agricultural  paper  repre¬ 
senting  loans  made  to  farmers  through 
production  credit  associations,  agricul¬ 
tural  credit  corporations,  banks  and 
trust  companies.  Its  loans  and  dis¬ 
counts  during  1941  amounted  to  $29,- 
157,000  on  funds  obtained  from  private 
investors  by  the  sale  of  its  short¬ 
term  debenture  bonds. 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 


13  (239) 


DAIRYMEN  ! 

Sto-jx,  Jlao-h,  Jlateti ! 


BELOW  is  the  agreement  which  the 
United  Mine  Workers  are  asking 
the  dairymen  of  America,  including 
those  in  the  New  York  milk  shed,  to 
sign.  We  understand  that  this  agree¬ 
ment  is  being  presented  in  person  by 
those  representing  the  Mine  Workers, 
and  is  also  being  sent  out  in  large 
numbers  by  mail. 

The  drastic  provisions  of  this  agree¬ 
ment  should  be  noted  by  every  dairy¬ 
man  before  he  considers  signing.  Some 
of  these  provisions  are: 

1.  While  there  is  only  one  signature 
to  the  agreement,  there  is  an  implied 
agreement  by  the  United  Mine  Workers 
to  sell  the  milk  which  probably  gives 
the  agreement  the  force  of  a  legal  con¬ 
tract. 

2.  The  agreement  has  no  time  limit. 
There  is  no  provision  for  the  signer 
getting  out  of  it,  and  if  enough  dairy¬ 
men  sign  there  will  be  no  way  of  get¬ 
ting  out  of  it.  We  asked  a  lawyer  who 


order  to  collect  vast  sums  from  the 
agriculture  of  America,  and  in  order 
that  they  can  control  the  farmers  of 
America,  thereby  controlling  America 
itself.  It  is  a  great  dream  on  the  part 
of  the  labor  dictators,  and  it  could 

come  true.  Some  farmers  think  they 

have  too  little  independence  now,  and 
that’s  right.  But  let  enough  of  them 
sign  this  agreement,  and  they  will  have 
left  no  independence  whatever. 

As  we  said  in  the  last  issue,  farmers 
are  not  going  to  take  this  threat  lying 
down.  Not  in  our  generation  has  there 

been  such  a  rallying  of  the  farmers  of 
America  as  has  occurred  since  they 
learned  John  Lewis'  plans  to  take  over 
agriculture.  Organizations  and  com¬ 
mittees,  representing  practically  every 
farm  organization,  including  the 
Granges  and  the  Farm  and  Home  Bur¬ 
eaus,  have  been  set  up  in  the  milk 


UNITED  DAIRY  FARMERS’  DIVISION 
District  50,  U.  M.  W.  A. 

I  do  hereby  accept  and  request  membership  in  the  United  Dairy  Farmers’  Division, 
District  50,  United  Mine  Workers  of  America,  and  authorize  it  as  my  bargaining 
agent  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  price  of  my  milk  and  conditions  of  its  sale. 

Name  .  Address  . 

j)ate  . . . . .  Phone  No . - . 

No.  Cows  .  Where  Shipped  . 


has  had  long  experience  in  working 
with  the  labor  unions  if  he  ever  knew 
of  a  member  of  a  labor  union  being 
able  to  get  out  of  a  union  after  he  had 
once  signed.  His  answer  was  that  he 
had  never  known  of  a  single  instance. 

3.  The  agreement  is  one-sided.  To  be 
sure,  it  is  implied  that  the  Mine  Work¬ 
ers  will  sell  the  milk,  but  the  agree¬ 
ment  binds  you  to  turn  over  your  milk 
to  the  Mine  Workers,  and  you  have  no¬ 
thing  to  say  about  the  price,  and  no¬ 
thing  to  say  about  the  conditions  of 
sale.  And  the  men  to  whom  you  con¬ 
sign  your  milk  know  nothing  whatever 
about  selling  it. 

The  agreement  promises  you  nothing 
in  return.  All  the  promises  are  made 
to  you  orally  before  you  sign.  You  are 

told  by  word  of  mouth,  but  not  in  writ¬ 
ing,  that  you  will  receive  Class  I  prices 
for  all  the  milk  you  can  produce.  What 
nonsense!  Milk  must  be  sold.  No  labor 

union  has  ever  sold  any  labor  to  any¬ 
one.  All  that  the  unions  have  done  is 
to  put  a  price  on  labor,  and  say  to  the 

employer:  “take  this  carpenter,  this 
machinist,  etc.  at  this  price  or  leave 
him.” 

You  can’t  do  that  with  milk.  Milk 
has  to  be  sold  and  moved  every  day  in 
the  y.ear.  Anybody  can  put  a  high  price 
on  milk,  but  John  Lewis  cannot  force 
the  city  members  of  his  labor  union, 
who  will  outnumber  farmers  twenty  to 
one,  to  pay  a  high  retail  price  and  a 
corresponding  high  price  to  farmers. 
Labor  leaders  know  right  now  that 
they  cannot  carry  water  on  both 
shoulders  by  maintaining  high  prices 
in  both  city  and  country.  And  you  will 
note  that  they  don’t  make  any  such 
promises  in  their  written  agreement. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  in  Michigan, 
farmers  were  told  before  they  signed 
up  that  the  United  Mine  Workers  would 
get  cost  of  production  plus  a  profit  for 
milk  for  farmers.  But  they  didn’t  do  it. 
After  months  of  operation,  the  United 
Mine  Workers  have  been  unable  to  sell 
milk  for  more  than  either  the  dealer 
or  the  consumer  would  pay,  nor  for 
more  than  the  farmers’  own  coopera¬ 
tives  were  getting  for  it. 

Leaders  of  the  United  Mine  Work¬ 
ers  want  your  name  on  this  card  in 


sheds  across  the  country,  including 
Wisconsin,  New  England,  and  New 
York.  These  committees  have  plans  to 
protect  you  and  your  business  from 
being  taken  over  by  the  “Cow  Miners,” 
providing,  of  course,  you  yourself  are 
ready  to  stand  up  and  fight  and  be 
counted  with  your  neighbors  in  the  pro-  > 
tection  of  your  business  and  your  in¬ 
dependence. 

In  the  New  York  milk  shed,  plans 
have  been  worked  out  in  detail  and  you 
will  learn  about  them  by  direct  personal 
contact  in  a  few  days.  In  order  to  be 
fair  to  yourself,. then,  at  least  wait  be¬ 
fore  signing  the  United  Mine  Workers 
agreement  until  you  have  heard  and 
considered  both  sides  of  the  case  from 
this  personal  contact.  Sufficient  to  say 
here  that,  in  accord  with  the  principles 
of  democracy,  this  work  of  protection 
will  be  organized,  directed,  and  carried 
on  locally.  You  will  know  who  your 
friends  are,  and  you  will  find  that  in 
case  of  trouble  those  friends  will  be 
in  the  large  majority,  so  organized  that 
they'  can  come  to  your  relief  in  a  few 
moments.  They  will  be  backed  by  every 
constructive  element  and  organization 
in  the  community,  including  most  bf 
the  dairy  cooperatives,  large  and  small, 
farmers  not  dairymen,  the  Farm  and 
Home  Bureaus,  law  enforcement  offi¬ 
cers,  and  the  business  men.  Our  own 
farm  organizations  have  arguments 
and  disagreements  among  themselves, 
but  all  are  agreed  that  they  must 
stand  one  hundred  per  cent  against  the 
common  danger  of  city  labor  dictator¬ 
ship,  which  involves  much  more  than 
the  price  of  milk  and  goes  deep  in  vio¬ 
lation  of  the  fundamental  principles  of 
democracy. 

If  you  incur  any  loss  of  buildings  or 
other  property  as  a  result  of  standing* 
up  for  your  rights  against  the  United 
Mine  Workers,  you  will  be  repaid  for 
such  losses,  providing,  of  course,  that 
you  stand  together  with  your  neigh¬ 
bors.  You  will  be  protected  personally 
in  delivering  your  milk  and  in  running 
your  own  business  in  the  independent 
American  way. 

There  is,  therefore,  no  reason  in  the 
world  why  any  farmer  should  sign 
away  his  American  heritage  of  inde¬ 
pendence  for  a  mess  of  pottage. 


TI-O-GA  DRY-FRESH 

^  A/<2W  '&G.inj*Teed.  to  -fjetp  If  out  Uictoty  T^toijt&m 


Here’s  a  new  Ti-o-ga  feed  to  help  you  do 
your  share  in  producing  more  milk  for  the 
18%  increase  in  milk  production  demand¬ 
ed  this  year.  It’s  TI-O-GA  DRY-FRESH 
Dairy  Feed  especially  formulated  to  do  a 
two-fold  job.  1 :  To  meet  extra  nutritional 
demands  of  the  cow  carrying  a  calf. 
2:  To  condition  her  for  a  10  months’ period 
of  heavy  milk  production  after  calving.  Fed 


60  days  before  and  30  days  after  calving, 
TI-O-GA  DRY-FRESH  does  the  job  mag¬ 
nificently  because  it’s  packed  with  extra 
amounts  of  vital  minerals  and  vitamins. 
Ask  your  dealer  NO  W  about  TI-O-GA  DRY- 
FRESH  Dairy  Feed.  This  quality  Ti-o-ga 
feed  helps  put  your  dry  cows  in  shape  so 
they  freshen  in  ready-to-work-condition 
.  .  assuring  increased  production  for  ’42  1 


TIOGA  MILLS  INC.,  WAVERLY,  N.Y. 


get  more  money 
for  your  milk! 


Arctic  Jet's  unique  "Can-Top"  Cool¬ 
ing  cuts  bacteria  count  ...  boosts  pro¬ 
fits...  saves  time  and  labor.  You'll  find 
it  clean,  quick  and  easy  to  operate. 


REFRIGERATION 


Write  Dept. B3, for  descriptive  literature 
THE  SARGENT-ROUNDY  CORP. 
Randolph,  Vermont 


Write  for  big.  free  1942  TRACTOR  PARTS  CATA¬ 
LOGUE;  tremendous  savings.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

CENTRAL  TRACTOR  WRECKING  CO..  Boone.  Iowa 


*  /Jr: /Vat/for's  * 

DIRENE 


Effective  medication  for  the 
prompt  relief  of  temporary  ^ 
hyperacidity  and  simple 

DIARRHEA  in  CALVES 

Direne  is  a  dependable 
antacid  and  intestinal  as- 
tringent  for  farm  animals. 

Price  75t 


MAN  SAVER 


This  Papec  Hay  Chopper-Silo  Filler  will 
handle  all  your  hay  crops  faster  and  WITH 
LESS  HELP.  Two  men  will  put  up  chopped 
hay  faster  than  three  men  can  handle  long 
hay  with  fork  or  slings.  Papec  will  turn 
any  green  hay  crop  into  good  silage. 

In  addition,  Papec,  with  its  finger-feed 
roll,  chops  and  stores  straw  direct  from 
thresher  or  after  combining;  handles  all 
silage  crops;  shreds  fodder,  and  elevates 
feed  grains.  Send  name  on  margin  of  ad 
or  a  postal  for  FREE  booklet  full  of  prac¬ 
tical  tips  on  how  to  handle  all  your  forage 
crops  with  less  help.  Papec  Machine  Co., 
394  S.  Main  St., 

Shortsville,  N.  Y. 


hay  CHOPPER-SILO  FILLER 

More  in  Use  Than  Any  Other  Make 


Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


With  or  Without 
Roof-Marietta 
SUPER-CONCRETE 
is  Your  SAFEST 

BUY-foefca 


Let’s  conserve  steel — tor  defense! 
Erect  a  Marietta  Super-Construc¬ 
tion  Concrete  Silo  without  roof 
and  later  add  extension  and 
"crown"  your  imposing  structure 
with  Marietta's  metal  dome  roof. 
Safest  against  FIRE,  STORM, 
WASTE  and -T I  M  E— Marietta's 
"Super"  is  built  of  lock-joint, 
heavy-tamped  concrete  staves. 
Only  clean  aggregate.  (No  quarry 
refuse  to  burn.)  Acid  resisting  in¬ 
side  coating.  Seal-tight  Redwood 
doors.  Special-tested  hooping — 
to  withstand  Grass  silage  pres¬ 
sures,  also  assures  No.  I  Silo  for 
Corn. 

1942  Output  limited.  Order  now. .. 
For  new  folders,  fully  describing 
Marietta  Silos — both  Concrete  and 
Wood — write  our  nearest  office. 


the  MARIETTA  CONCRETE  CORP. 

uaufE|SNT  Marietta,  0.  Dept. El  Baltimore.  V:i. 
SILOS  Schenectady,  N.Y.  Lilesville,  N.C. 


(2 40)  14 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 


A I (Vitke&At  McUik&ti  jjQSi  ft QAikeadi  P'ladUice'id 


"American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page 


99 


HOLSTEIN 


HEREFORDS 


DOGS 


POULTRY 


Buy  Them  Young  and  Save  Money 

Your  next  Herd  Sire  from  one  of  our  Outstanding 
Show  Bulls.  Bred  for  production  too. 

Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  thaeubwi.ar'nt.  n<ry"s' 
DAIRY  COWS  HOLSTONSEand  GUERNSEYS 

Fresh  and  nearby.  Blood-tested. 

Frank  W.  Arnold,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE:  At  Farmer’s  Prices, 

sons  of  excellent  type  from  our  4%  “Invincible”  daugh¬ 
ters  sired  by  Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

Orchard  Hill  Stock  Farm,  fIh  piain!°NkV. 
Holstein  Bull  Calves,  for  sale  or  lease. 

sons  of  Commodore  Constance,  Dam  K.O.I.  Pauline 
made  1019  lbs.  fat.  28079  lbs.  milk;  was  N.  Y.  State 
Champion.  Out  of  high  producing,  excellent  type  dams 
backed  by  4%  test  dams.  At  farmers’  prices.  PAUL 
STERUSKY,  Sunnyhill  Dairy  Farm,  Little  Falls,  N.  Y. 


GUERNSEY 


TARBELL  FARMS  GUERNSEYS 

Federal  Accredited  —  360  HEAD  —  Negative 
YOUNG  BULLS  FOR  SALE.  CLOSELY  RELATED  TO 
Tarbell  Farms  Peerless  Margo  613193,  18501.4  lbs.  Milk. 

1013.3  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  3  Yr.  Old. 
Tarbell  Farms  Royal  Lenda  467961,  20508.9  lbs.  Milk. 
1109.0  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  4  Yr.  Old. 

TARBELL  FARMS 

Smithville  Flats,  New  York 

Registered  Guernsey  Bulls:  To  — one°nt v^Ir 

Grandsons  of  Foremost  Prediction  212227,  and  Lang- 
water  Valor  79775.  Butterfat  Records  on  Each  Dam  !n 
the  Pedigree.  Complete  information  on  Request. 
APPROVED—  ACCREDITED. 

WYCHMERE  FARMS,  Lake  Road,  ONTARIO,  N.  Y. 


For  Sale:  Registered  Guernsey  Bulls. 

READY  FOR  SERVICE,  FROM  600  LB.  DAMS. 
FEW  HEIFERS  UNDER  ONE  YEAR. 

Price  reasonable  (a  good  time  to  buy). 

Lake  Delaware  Farms,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 


Excellent  Guernsey  Bulls 

TWO  MONTHS  TO  SERVICEABLE  AGE. 
Heredity  of  Langwater  Valor  and  Saugerties  Royal 
Sequel  of  Production  and  Type.  For  sale  or  lease 
with  reliable  Farm  Bureau  reference. 

RATH  BROS., 

Stone  Rd.,  PITTSFORD,  N.  Y. 


AYRSHIRE 


For  Sale:  REGISTERED  AYRSHIRES. 

I  Bull,  15  mo.,  dam  13,874  milk,  573.7  fat,  twice  a 
day  machine  milking.  Grandam  19,866  milk.  760  fat. 
I  Heifer,  16  mo.;  I  Bull,  6  mo.;  I  Heifer,  2  mo. 

Similar  breeding.  Fully  approved. 

F.  S.  HOLLOWELL,  PENN  YAN,  NEW  YORK 


ARERDEEN-ANGUS 


Our  herd  sire  was  Grand  Champion  at  New  York, 
Kansas  and  Missouri  State  Fairs,  and  1st  prize  at  Iowa 
and  Indiana.  Now  offering  bull  calves  and  bred  heifers. 
Also  Registered-Certified  Lenroc  Seed  Oats  and  Seneca 
Soybeans. 

C.  C.  TAYLOR,  Lawtons,  N.  Y. 


TEN  COMMERCIAL 

ABERDEEN  ANGUS  FEMALES, 

two  to  five  years  of  age,  bred  for  spring  freshening  to 
the  proven  sire  Prideman  Peter.  Accredited  &  Negative. 

Kutschbach  &  Son,  Sherburne,  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE:  TWO  ANGUS  BULLS 

SIRED  BY  ANDERLOT  BLACKCOPPER, 

Bred  right,  fed  right  and  are  low  down  and 
the  right  beef  type. 

W.  R.  VAN  SICKLE,  CAYUGA,  N.  Y. 


REGISTERED  ANGUS 

BULLS  —  COWS  —  HEIFERS 
AT  MODERATE  PRICES. 

TOTEM  FARM,  MERIDALE,  N.  Y. 
HEREFORD  —  ANGUS 

EVERYTHING  IN  REGISTERED  AND 
COMMERCIAL  BREEDING  STOCK. 

West  Acres  Farms,  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y. 


SHORTHORNS 


DUAL  PURPOSE  SHORTHORNS 

TWO  STRONG  YEARLING  BULLS  READY  FOR 
HEAVY  SERVICE  NOW,  AND  SEVERAL  YOUNG 
BULLS  FOR  SPRING  AND  SUMMER  SERVICE. 

Wm.  J.  Brew  &  Sons,  Bergen,  N.  Y. 


TWO  HEREFORD  BULLS 

I  YEAR  OLD,  BIG  ENOUGH  FOR  SERVICE, 
GOOD  COMMERCIAL  TYPE. 

Priced  for  quick  sale. 

L.  O.  Watkins,  Box  319,  Owego,  N.  Y. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


500  DAIRY  CATTLE  New  Shipments. 

100  fancy  fresh  and  close  springers. 
Should  please  the  most  particular  buyer. 
T.B.  and  Blood  tested.  Free  delivery  on 
truck  load  or  more. 

100  Horses  —  Tractors  —  Farm  Machinery. 

E.  L.  FOOTE  &  SON,  INC., 

HOBART,  N.  Y.  EST.  1845 


SHEPHERDS  —  COLLIES 

TRAINED  CATTLE  DOGS  AND  PUPS. 

HEEL  DRIVERS  —  BEAUTIES. 

WILMOT,  East  Thetford,  Vt. 
PUPPIES— FREE  DETAILS 

ST.  BERNARDS  — ALL  BREE  DS— D  ETAI LS  FREE! 
Book  108  colored  pictures,  descriptions  recognized 
breeds  35c 

ROYAL  KENNELS,  R.  3,  Chazy,  N.  Y. 


I  LITTER  OUTSTANDING 

COCKER  SPANIELS  —  A.K.C. 

BLONDS,  BLACKS.  BLACK  AND  WHITES, 
ONE  MOSTLY  WHITE. 

Mrs.  Edna  Gladstone,  Andes,  N.  Y. 


SEED  POTATOES 


COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEI  NS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 


SWINE 


Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 


Black  Poland  China  Bred  Sows, 

Also  Pigs,  Service  Boars,  etc. 

REGISTERED. 

C.  W.  HILLMAN,  Vincentown,  N.  J. 


CHOICE  REGISTERED  BERKSHIRES.  Open  gilts, 
young  sows  bred,  boars  nearly  ready  for  service.  One 
extra  nice  young  herd  boar  sired  by  Willow  Lodge 
Barron  171,  Champion  of  Canada  1938.  All  stock  of 
best  breeding  and  quality.  Guaranteed  to  please. 
Write  or  come. 

M.  H.  VANDERHOOF,  Monroe,  Sussex  Co.,  N.  J. 


Present  Day  Quality  Poland-Chinas, 

ANY  AGE,  EITHER  SEX.  FROM  HARDY  HERD. 
WRITE  YOUR  WANTS. 

GREENFIELD  FARMS,  Tiffin,  Ohio 


Dlirrrn  DIfC  Chester  Whites,  Chester-Berk- 

riVJO.  shire,  Chester-Yorkshire,  few 

Duroc  crosses.  6  weeks  $6.00,  8  weeks  $7.00,  10 

weeks  started  shoates  $8.00.  A  few  larger  at  $  1 0-$  1 2. 
Young  Chester  White  boars  for  light  service  $25-$35 
each.  Ship  C.O.D.  No  charge  crating. 

CARL  ANDERSON,  Virginia  Road,  Concord,  Mass. 


Registered  Certified  Katahdin 

Seed  Potatoes 

Grown  for  foundation  stock. 

GEORGE  MEHLENBACHER, 
Wayland,  New  York 

Certified  Seed  Potatoes 

SMOOTH  RURALS,  RUSSET  RURALS,  KATAHDINS, 
TUBER  UNIT  FOUNDATION  STOCK. 
NON-CERTI FIED  CHIPPEWA.  SEBAGO. 

H.  L.  Hodnett  &  Sons,  Fillmore,  N.  Y. 


HASTINGS  SEED  POTATOES 

GREEN  MOUNTAINS,  CHIPPEWA,  WARBA,  EAR- 
LAI  NE,  SEBAGO,  SEQUOIA,  BLUE  VICTOR  BUR¬ 
BANKS  AND  OTHERS.  WRITE  FOR  LIST. 

Roy  C.  Hastings,  R.  3,  Malone,  N.  Y. 


Certified  Katahdin  Seed  Potatoes 

PASSING  STATE  AND  FLORIDA  TESTS 
WITH  A  MINIMUM  OF  DISEASE. 

HARRY  SHAVER,  WAYLAND,  N.  Y. 


SEEDS 


CORNELL  HYBRID  29-3 

West  Branch  Sweepstakes  and  Cornell  II  field  corn, 
Whipple’s  Yellow  Sweet  Corn,  Cayuga  and  Seneca 
Soybeans,  Cornellian  Oats.  Grass  Seeds. 
JERRY  A.  SMITH  &  SONS,  LU D LOW VI LLE,  N.  Y. 
Tompkins  County.  Phone  Poplar  Ridge  3610. 


MAPLE  SYRUP 


SHEEP 


REGISTERED — Bred  Dorset  Ewes 

AND  BRED  DO RSET- D ELA I  N  E  EWES 
due  to  lamb  in  March  and  April;  also  number  of 
Dorset-Delaine  Yearlings,  well  grown. 

Stony  Ford  Farms,  PSToNYMidFd0ietown.N'N.YY. 


HAMPSHIRE  SHEEP 

Disposing  of  flock  to  ^make  room  for  Swiss. 
WELL  BRED,  GOOD  TYPE,  REGISTERED. 

A  CHANCE  TO  START  WITH  HAMPS. 

FOREST  FARMS,  Wemb°st^e  S°’y 


HORSES 


BELGIANS 


PURE  BRED 
REGISTERED 

MARES.  STALLIONS,  GELDINGS. 

5  YEARS  OLD.  ALL  OUR  OWN 
By  special  arrangement  ATP  CSTT  T 
For  a  limited  time  *■ 

Rockhills  Farm  Imported  Grand  Champion  Stal 


2,  3,  4  AND 

BREEDING. 


Ifion 


Insolent  Du  Soleil  (33/2784) 


SHALEBR00K  FARM 


Route  32, 
Morristown,  N.  J. 


GOATS 


PURE  BRED 

Registered  Nubian  Milk  Goats. 

HIGH  CLASS  MILKERS  AND  KIDS. 

Visitors  are  invited  and  welcome. 

WM.  L.  HALL,  BATH,  N.  Y. 


HAY 


VERMONT  PURE  MAPLE  SYRUP 

GRADE  A  QUALITY  —  GALLON  $2.50, 
Postage  Extra. 

R.  Stevens,  Montgomery  Center,  Vt. 


HONEY 


HflNPY.  Clover,  5  lbs.,  $1.25:  10  lbs.,  $2.15. 

1  *  Buckwheat,  5  lbs.,  $1.10;  10  lbs., 
$2.00.  Postage  prepaid  to  third  zone. 

USE  HONEY  FOR  COOKING  AND  BAKING. 

W.  Botsford,  R.D.,  Horseheads,  N.  Y. 


POULTRY 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS.  ROCK-RED 
CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

LEGHORNS— NEW  HAMPSHIRES 

BARRED  ROCKS  —  CROSSES 
“BRED  TO  LAY  —  LAY  TO  PAY” 

Write  for  descriptive  catalog  and  prices. 

GLEN  WOOD  FARMS,  „„Yca“  »3  y. 


BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  U.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
Fist  describing  our  Leghorns,  Beds,  and 
crossbreds. 


BALED  HAY  AND  STRAW 

ALL  GRADES  MIXED  HAY  AND  ALFALFA. 
DELIVERED  BY  TRUCK  OR  CARLOAD. 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 


Wlien  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


Eli  H.  Bodine,  Box  28,  Chemung,  N.  Y. 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Pullorum  clean,  high  in  quality,  low  in  price. 
Write  for  information. 

Norton  Ingalls,  R.D.  1,  Greenville,  N.  Y. 


EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

BREEDING  MALES 

PULLORUM  TESTED  —  NO  REACTORS 
James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  Trumansburg.  N.  Y. 

Walter  Rich’s 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 


Rich  Poultry  Farms  ^ers 

Leghorns  Progeny  Tested  Reds 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST-  AND 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS. 

Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de- 
scribes  our  method  of  growing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 


DANISH  POULTRY  FARM 

Family  Tested  Leghorns  —  New  Hampshires. 
Storrs,  Conn.,  Test  1940-1941,  13  Full  sisters 
av.  270  eggs  per  bird.  Harrisburg,  Penna., 
test,  13  Full  sisters  av.  240  eggs  per  bird. 

A.  E.  DANISH, 

Troy,  New  York 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 


Officially  Pullorum  Passed.  N.  Y.  U.  S.  Approved 

BREEDING  COCKERELS 
Write  for  Folder 


E.  R.  Stone  and  Son  clydBe°x  n.  y 


McLoughlin  Leghorns 

Progeny-test  bred.  7-time  New  York 
R.O.P.  champions  with  average  produc¬ 
tion  records  of  257,  253.  256,  258.  266, 
261  and  262  eggs.  U.S.  Pullorum  Clean. 
McLoughlin  Leghorn  Farm,  Chatham  Center. N.Y. 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAMPSHIRES. 
BARRED  ROCKS.  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  All  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
Folder  and  Prices. 

WILLIAM  S.  MAPES,  „iddlrwn%.  y. 


The  McGREGOR  FARM 


S.  C.  White  Leghorns — 50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 
THE  McGREGOR  FARM,  Box  A,  MAINE,  N.  Y. 


C.  &  G.  FARM  sTPRARiMNEN£iRDs 

TRAPNESTED  AND  PROGENY  TESTED  FOR  YEARS. 
SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 

C.  &  G.  Farm,  Ballston  Lake,  N.  Y. 


WHITE  LEGHORNS.  NEW  HAMPSHIRES, 
ROCK-RED  CROSSBREDS.  WHITE  ROCKS. 
CORNO  RED  CROSSBREDS. 

Commercial  and  foundation  stock,  pullets,  males.  All 
stock  bloodtested  with  no  reactors  found;  Pedigreed 
male  matings.  Write  for  circular  and  prices. 

SUSQUEHANNA  FARMS,  f;,„. 


Schwegler’s  “THOR-O-BREDS” 

HOLD  II  WORLD  OFFICIAL  RECORDS. 
Stock  from  200-324  egg  Pedigree  Breeders  2  to  5  years 
old  —  Leghorns,  White  Rocks,  Barred  Rocks.  R.  I. 
Reds,  New  Hampshires,  Wyandottes,  Giants,  Orpingtons, 
Minorcas,  Red-Rock  Cross.  Pekjn  Ducks — Blood  Test¬ 
ed  Breeders.  Write  for  free  Catalog. 

SCHWEGLER’S  HATCHERY 

208  NORTHAMPTON,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 


S3a™yK  Pedigree  S.C.W.  Leghorns 

B.W.D.  TESTED  PULLETS  AND  BREEDING  STOCK. 
Progeny  Tested  under  supervision  Cornell  University. 

Hartwick  Hatchery,  Inc.,  Hartwick,  N.Y. 


See  Opposite  Page  for 
Additional  Poultry  Ads 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

This  classified  page  is  for  the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications: 
LIVESTOCK — Cattle,  Swine,  Sheep,  Horses,  Dogs,  Rabbits,  Goats,  Mink,  Ferrets;  FARM  PRODUCE — Field 
Seeds,  Hay  and  Straw',  Maple  Syrup,  Honey,  Pop  Com,  Miscellaneous;  POULTRY — Breeding  Stock.  Hatching  Eggs: 
EMPLOYMENT— Help  Wanted,  Situation  Wanted;  FARM  REAL  ESTATE— Farms  for  Sale.  Farms  Wanted’ 
USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT— For  Sale,  Wanted. 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers’  classified  advertising  rates.  Two 
advertising  space  units  are  offered  as  follows:  space  one  inoh  deep  one  column  wide  at  $6.00  per  issue  or 
space  one-half  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.0U  per  issue.  Copy  must  be  received  at  American  Agriculturist. 
Advertising  Dept.,  Box  514,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  11  days  before  publication  date.  No  Baby  Chick  advertising  ac¬ 
cepted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows:  Jan.  3,  17,  31;  Feb.  14,  28:  Mar.  14,  28;  April  It, 

May  9,  23;  June  6,  20;  July  4,  18;  Aug.  I,  15,  29;  Sept.  12,  26;  Oct.  10,  24;  Nov.  7,  21:  Dec.  5,  13- 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 


15  (241) 


You  can  CHECK 
COLLAR  GALL 

#■ 

while  the  horse  is  working 


Rub  Absorbine  in  well  as 
soon  as  swelling  or  irrita¬ 
tion  is  noticed.  Apply 
Absorbine  each  day  be¬ 
fore  and  after  the  horse 
is  worked.  Be  sure  that 
the  collar  is  not  torn  or 
lumpy,  as  this  will  con¬ 
tinue  irritation. 

Absorbine’s  fast  action 
relieves  the  soreness. 

Speeds  the  blood  flow 
through  the  injury — helps  open  up  small  blood 
vessels,  clogged  by  collar  pressure,  so  blood  flows 
more  freely,  washing  out  impurities,  relieving 
soreness.  The  swelling  often  goes  down  within  a 
few  hours. 

Absorbine  is  not  a  “cure-all,”  but  it  is  most 
helpful  in  checking  windgall,  curb,  bog  spavin 
and  many  other  congestive  troubles.  Helps  pre¬ 
vent  them  from  becoming  permanent  afflictions. 
$2.50  a  long-lasting  bottle  at  all  druggists. 
W.  F.  Young,  Inc.,  Springfield,  Massachusetts. 


ABSORBINE 


AT  FEED,  DRUG  AND  GENERAL  STORES 


Eastern 

Aberdeen-Angus 
Breeders’  Sale 

Monday,  May  11 

Cornell  University, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


5  Bulls  -  60  Females 

Carefully  selected  young  individ¬ 
uals  from  the  better  T.  B.  ac¬ 
credited  and  Bangs  Free  Approv¬ 
ed  herds  of  the  Northeast.  Write 
for  catalog  describing  these  prof¬ 
it  making  cattle  to: 

MYRON  M.  FUERST, 

Sale  Mgr.  Pine  riains,  N.  Y. 

PROF.  JOHN  I.  MILLER, 
Cornell,  —  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


FALSE  TEETH 


PRICED  TO  FIT 
YourPocketbook 
r  90-DAY  TRIAL 

ompare  quality  and  price.  Let  us  show  you  ho 
you  can  have  a  beautiful  Dental  Plate  made  undi 
supervision  of  a  licensed  Dentist. 

SFND  Nfl  M  ALIEV  Just  your  name  and  addre! 
tfLI,u  munci  on  postcard  will  bring  yc 
FREE  illustrated  folde 
impression  material  — WRITE  TODAY 

BROOKFIELD  DENTAL  PLATE  CO 

Dept  65- D2  Brookfield,  M< 


SWINE 


Walter  Lux,  Tel.  0086,  Woburn,  M 

o°“K|HIRE  &  CHESTER  CROSS  OR  BERKS 

fteriiHEST^R  CR0SS’  ah  large  growthy  pigs  so 
nM  te*r  5  breeders.  6  weeks  old,  $6.25  ea.  7-8 
a  $6.50  ea.  Will  ship  any  number  C.O.D.  or 
t,  or  money  order-  If  in  any  way  they  dc 
Please  jou,  return  them  at  my  expense. 


UUATS 


TOGGENBERG  and  SANEEN  MILK  GO 

ana  due  to  freshen.  PONY  FARM,  HI  Ml 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


SOME  of  the  peculiar  twists  in  live¬ 
stock  prices  caused  by  the  war  and 
a  controlled  price  set-up  are  hard  to 
explain.  Why  should  a  good  kind  of  a 
fed  steer  (not  choice)  sell  for  even 
less  than  a  good  bologna  bull,  or  why 
should  old  cow  meat  be  selling  higher 
than  good  lamb?  Why  should  lambs 
continue  to  sell  around  12c  a  pound, 
with  hogs  around  14c,  when  the  lambs 
are  carrying  7  or  8  lbs.  of  wool  worth 
at  least  37.7c  a  lb.,  particularly  when 
lamb  has  been  the  lowest  costing  meat 
available  for  6  months? 

From  these  two  current  situations, 
someone  might  get  the  idea  that  feed¬ 
ing  cattle  for  food  is  all  foolishness 
when  an  old  bull  is  just  as  good  and 
more  profitable  (  ? ) ,  and  that  sheep 
and  lamb  raising  and  feeding  are  just 
another  way  of  getting  fresh  air.  This 
in  spite  of  the  fact  that  dry  meat  will 
take  up  more  water  than  fat  meat  and 
is  therefore  more  profitable  in  bologna 
making.  Undoubtedly  this  tremendous 
demand  for  prepared  meats  of  all  kind 
is  an  outgrowth  of  the  depression  when 
they  were  a  necessity. 

Beef  cattle  raising  and  feeding  have 
shown  a  tremendous  increase  in  the 
Northeast  in  the  last  five  or  six  years. 
According  to  a  recent  University  sur¬ 
vey,  they  have  been  one  of  the  most 
highly  profitable  farm  operations.  They 
have  come  out  of  the  million  dollar 
estate  class  and  settled  on  the  home 
farm.  They  have  been  put  on  mostly 
as  a  side  line  on  practically  every  type 
of  farm,  such  as  fruit,  cash  crop,  etc., 
though  generally  speaking  on  so-called 
“good”  farms. 

The  profitable  feature  seems  to  be 
that  these  good  beef  cattle  of  the  pres¬ 
ent  day  are  bred  to  consume  just  what 
our  northeastern  good  farms  can  pro¬ 
duce  cheaply.  They  will  fatten  with 
very  little  grain  and  produce  a  steak 
or  a  roast  that  is  not  overly  fat  but 
really  good  eating.  One  of  these  cattle 
men  told  me  the  other  day  that  he  fed 
400  lb.  calves  no  grain  with  the  ex¬ 
ception  of  1  pound  of  protein  supple¬ 
ment  a  day  from  January  1  to  May  1. 
He  then  turned  on  pasture  with  no 
grain  until  September  1,  when  he  fed  a 
full  grain  ration  for  sixty  days. 

He  marketed  these  calves  and  they 
weighed  within  50  pounds  of  and  sold 
for  just  $9  a  head  less  than  his  neigh¬ 
bor’s  animals  that  had  been  fed  a  full 
feed  of  grain  through  the  same  length 
of  time.  Again,  our  grasses  and  the 
feeds  we  can  produce  cheaper  are  prov¬ 
ing  out.  When,  where  and  how  we  use 
them  is  the  only  barrier  we  have. 

The  ewe  flock  saved  many  a  farm 
during  the  depression,  and  no  year 
since  have  they  failed  to  make  money 
for  any  real  sheep  man.  Feeding 
lambs  have  lost  money  for  the  average 
lamb  feeder  just  one  year  in  the  last 
eight. 

In  spite  of  the  demand  right  now  for 
a  lot  of  “bull,”  and  in  spite  of  a  “wool 
deal”  and  comparatively  low  prices  for 
lamb  this  winter,  this  is  no  time  to  go 
out  of  beef  or  lamb  production.  It  is 
a  wonderful  opportunity  to  clean  up 
and  to  clear  out  old  dairy  and  beef 
cows  and  bulls,  and  old  ewes. 

— a.  a. — 

HEALTHY  PIGS 

Round  worms  are  one  of  the  chief 
enemies  of  young  pigs.  They  can  be 
avoided  by  this  program: 

Clean  and  scrub  the  floor  and  side- 
walls  of  the  farrowing  pen  with  scald¬ 
ing  hot  water  and  lye.  Follow  this 
with  a  good  coal  tar  disinfectant. 
Wash  the  feet,  legs,  sides  and  belly 


of  the  sow  with  soap  and  lukewarm 
water  before  she  is  driven  into  the  far¬ 
rowing  pen.  This  removes  dirt  which 
might  contain  round  worm  eggs. 

In  the  spring  (if  you  are  raising  the 
pigs)  haul  the  sow  and  litter  to  pas¬ 
ture  where  no  swine  have  run  for  at 
least  a  year.  If  it  is  necessary  to  keep 
them  in  a  small  yard,  it  will  pay  you 
to  remove  several  inches  of  old  dirt 
and  fill  in  with  cinders  or  gravel. 

A  second  trouble  that  affects  young 
pigs  is  anemia.  This  is  caused  by  lack 
of  iron  in  the  ration  and  can  be  easily 
prevented  by  swabbing  the  sow’s  udder 
with  a  solution  of  iron.  This  is  made 
by  dissolving  one  pound  of  dried  fer¬ 
rous  sulphate  or  an  ordinary  grade  of 
copperas  in  a  quart  of  hot  water.  If 
the  sow’s  udder  is  swabbed  once  a  day 


until  the  pigs  are  six  weeks  old,  this 
trouble  will  be  prevented. 

If  you  are  raising  pigs,  you  will  find 
that  a  good  pasture  will  save  a  lot  of 

feed-  -LA- 

ESSAY  CONTEST 
ON  HORSES 

The  Percheron  Horse  Association  of 
Chicago,  Illinois,  are  sponsoring  a  Na¬ 
tional  Essay  Contest  for  boys  and  girls 
between  the  ages  of  15  and  25.  To 
take  part  in  the  contest,  it  is  necessary 
that  the  contestant  or  parent  must 
own  Percherons,  or  at  least  contestants 
must  have  had  some  experience  with 
Percherons.  The  contest  closes  July 
15.  For  full  information  and  rules 
write  Ellis  McFarland,  Percheron 
Horse  Assn.,  U.  S.  Yards,  Chicago,  Ill. 


Send  for  catalogue  to 
JOHN  E.  REDMAN 
Secretary  and  Sales 
Manager, 

43  Bengal  Terrace, 
Rochester,  N.  Y. 


New  York  State  Hereford  Breeder’s  Ass’n 


SHOW  &  SALE  V  CORNELL  UNIVERSITY,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

MAY  4,  1942.  Judging  at  8  a.  m.  Sale  at  1  p.  m. 

51  HEAD  1?  Females  Horned  and  Polled  Breeding  Cattle 

BEST  INDIVIDUALS  AND  BLOOD  LINES  OF  THE  HEREFORD  BREED. 

Consigned  by  well  known  Eastern  State  Breeders 

Crescent  Hill  Hereford  Farms,  Evans  City,  Pa. 
Car- Mar  Hereford  Ranch,  Clayton,  N.  Y. 
Holcomb  Hereford  Farms,  Holcomb,  N.  Y. 
Burton  Sheldon,  Jr.,  Oneonta,  N.  Y. 
Bob-O-Link  Hereford  Farms,  Wolcott,  N.Y. 
C.  E.  Townsend,  Ludlowville,  N.  Y. 

S.  B.  O’Hagans,  Voorheesville,  N.  Y. 


Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
Appleton  Farms,  Ipswich,  Mass. 
Gage  Stock  Farms,  Delanson,  N.Y. 
C.  Ross  Caster,  Red  Creek.  N.  Y. 
L.  D.  Cowden,  Fredonia,  N.  Y. 
Robert  Akins,  Interlaken,  N.  Y. 
Anchorage  Farms,  Cobleskill,  N.Y. 


COLONEL  FRED  REPPERT,  Auctioneer 


NORTHEAST  MARKETS  FOR  NORTHEAST  PRODUCERS 


POULTRY 

FARMS  FOR  SALE 

ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS,  REDS,  ROCK-RED  CROSS, 
WHITE  ROCKS  — “They  Satisfy.” 

Pullorum  free,  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 

Write  for  details. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER,  Box  C,  GALLUPVILLE,  N.  Y. 

150-ACRE  WELL-BALANCED  FARM 

On  gravel  highway,  9  miles  from  Ithaca  and  Cornell 
University.  10-room  house,  shade,  36x76  barn,  storage 
barn  26x36.  Some  needed  repairs.  $1800.  Terms. 

Federal  Land  Bank,  Springfield,  Mass. 

Are  You  Looking  For 
PROFITABLE  Producers? 

HANSON  LEGHORNS  AND  PARMENTER  REDS. 
HEAVY  PRODUCERS  OF  LARGE  EGGS.  FOR 

EXTRA  PROFITS  GET  SPRINGBROOK  BABY  PUL¬ 
LETS.  CATALOG  ON  REQUEST. 

SPRINGBROOK  POULTRY  FARM 

WEBSTER  A.  J.  KUNEY  &  SON, 

Box  “A”,  SEXECA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

25  Acres  Apples,  24  Cattle,  30  Goats 

poultry,  truck,  tractor,  etc.,  included;  80  acres  fertile 
tillage,  40  acres  creek  and  spring-watered  pasture,  40 
acres  wood;  good  12-room  dwelling,  barns  35x75  and 
20x30,  other  buildings;  on  year  round  road,  village 
nearby,  hour  to  city;  sacrifice  at  $6500,  part  down; 
pg.  33  rbig  Free  catalog  1384  bargains  many  states. 

Strout  Realty 

255-R  4th  Ave.,  NEW  YORK  CITY 

ORPINGTONS— Wilson’s  Finest  Buffs. 

Direct  ten  generations  of  R.O.P.  breeding  with  records 
of  200-260  eggs.  Single  Comb  Reds  and  White  Rocks 
of  hi-egg  quality.  Illustrated  Folder. 

Earl  S.  Wilson,  Fort  Covington,  N.  Y. 

FARM  FOR  SALE  — 100  Acres, 

SEVEN  ROOM  HOUSE,  TWO  BARNS, 

75  acres  tillable,  15  acres  pasture,  10  acres  woodlot. 
3'/a  miles  from  Owego. 

Clysta  Barton,  R.D.,  Apalachia,  N.  Y. 

Keystone  English  Black  Leghorns. 

HEALTHIEST  BREED.  GREAT  LAYERS. 

EGGS  AND  STOCK  FOR  SALE.  CIRCULAR  FREE. 

The  Keystone  Farms,  Richfield,  Pa. 

USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT 

For  Sale:  8  Case  “in-bottle”  Pasteurizer 

WITH  COOLER,  CONTROLS  AND  ALL  EQUIPMENT, 
COMPLETE,  INCLUDING  BOTTLES,  READY 

TO  GO  TO  WORK. 

D.  G.  ROSSMAN,  Worcester,  N.  Y. 

BARRED  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS 

FR03I  A  PEDIGREE  BREEDING  FARM 

A  bloodline  of  distinction  noted  for  low 
mortality,  high  production,  large 
meaty  bodies. 

ASK  FOR  OUR  LITERATURE  AND  PRICES. 

VICTOR  H.  KIRKUP 

Box  258,  MATTITUCK,  L.  I.,  X.  Y. 

For  Sale — 16  Can  Milk  Cooler 

41  "xl  U^xOS"  high  (outside),  with  '/2  H.P.  compressor 
and  control;  one  year  old,  good  condition.  Also  8  can 
milk  cooling  cabinet,  4l"xll4"x28"  high,  without  com¬ 
pressor.  Both  cabinets  4"  cork  lined. 

JOHN  MUEHL,  SCHENEVUS,  N.  Y. 

HELP  WANTED 

WHITEHEAD’S  FOR  REDS 

Rugged  Northern  Bred  Pullorum  Clean  Stock  that 
PAYS  in  Eggs,  then  PAYS  again  in  meat. 
Circular  free.  REDS  —  CROSSES.  Established  1927. 

Roy  S.  Whitehead,  Chateaugay,  N.  Y. 

WnntA/U  Gook  and  General  Housework.  All  mod- 
dlllcu .  ern  equipment,  including  dishwasher. 
Family  washing  sent  out.  Pleasant  room  with  private 
bath.  Salary  . $12  to  $15,  depending  on  experience. 
Three  children.  References.  Write: 

MRS.  C.  D.  LA  FOLLETTE, 

26  EAST  FIFTH  STREET,  CORNING,  N.  Y. 

NEW  YORK  U.  S.  APPROVED 

NEW  HAMPSHIRES  &  LEGHORNS 

DESCRIPTIVE  CIRCULAR. 

The  Hiscock  Hatchery,  new'york. 

FARMHAND  —  Good  at  Milking. 

Single.  Steady  year-round  employment.  Good  table. 
Single  room  with  shower  and  toilet  adjoining.  State 
age,  heigtit,  weight,  religion,  education,  salary  expected. 

P.  0.  Box  1032,  Trenton,  New  Jersey 

CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 

FARMHAND — For  Conn.  Dairy  Farm. 

SINGLE.  STATE  AGE.  HEIGHT,  WEIGHT, 
SALARY  EXPECTED.  REPLY 

American  Agriculturist,  |  T  hEaXc  a,4'n.  y. 

MAN  WANTED— Single,  Middle-Aged, 

clean,  good  habits,  now  living  in  Central  New  York, 
for  work  on  general  farm,  Finger  Lakes  Section. 
Reasonable  wages,  good  home. 

BOX  514-1,  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST, 
ITHACA,  NEW  YORK 

GUINEAS 

MONEY  IN  GUINEAS!  Start  Now. 

SEXD  FOR  FREE  FOLDER. 

TOTEM  FARM,  MERIDALE,  N.  Y. 

WANTED:  Couple  for  country  home 

near  New  York  City.  Man  gardening,  vegetables; 
woman  housework,  cooking.  Permanent  home  for  right 
people.  $75.00  month.  Give  age,  experience,  references. 

MRS  A  SIIMMFR  387  Maitlantl  Ave., 

lmvo.  f\.  OUlUlllLA,  West  Englewood,  N.  J. 

PIGEONS 

White  King  Pigeons — Bargain. 

MUST  SELL  TO  MAKE  ROOM. 
WONDERFUL  STOCK. 

Gebhardt  Farm,  Muscatine,  Iowa. 

WAXTED  — 

Single  Man  on  Large  Dairy  Farm. 

GOOD  WAGES  AND  HOME. 

Arthur  Y.  Huxtable,  Clayville,  N.  Y. 

(242)  16 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 


MIDAMERICAN 

^'agriculturist 

* 


Owned  by  H.  S.  Coe  of  Perry,  Wyoming:  County,  New  York,  this  outfit  harvested  a 
considerable  acreage  of  soybeans  and  other  grains  in  western  New  York  last  fall. 
This  is  a  new  small  McCormick  Deering  combine  pulled  by  a  Farmall  A. 


WIRE:  with  the  expected  shortage 
in  farm  fencing,  there  will  be 
more  than  the  usual  amount  of  interest 
in  electric  fences  this  year.  Under  no 
circumstances  should  you  try  to  build 
your  own  controller;  that  is  dangerous 
business.  PRIME  MANUFACTURING 
COMPANY,  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  puts 
out  controllers,  both  for  “high  line”  use 
and  to  be  run  with  batteries.  See  your 
local  dealer  or  write  direct  to  the  com¬ 
pany  for  information. 

TIRE  MILEAGE:  b. f  good- 

wmmmmmm  RICK  COM¬ 
PANY  of  Akron,  Ohio,  has  published  its 
1942  Farm  and  Home  Almanac,  which  is 
distributed  to  all  who  request  it.  You 
will  be  particularly  interested  in  a  sec¬ 
tion  called  “Tire  Health  Rules  that  Save 
Rubber.”  Equally  important  is  the  in¬ 
formation  on  “How  to  Get  the  Maximum 
Service  from  Tractor  and  Implement 
Tires.”  When  you  have  digested  that, 
you  will  find  some  money-saving  hints 
under  the  heading  “Seventeen  Ways  to 
Save  Gas  and  Oil.” 

HOME  GROUNDS:  Particularly 

helpful  tO 

readers  with  suburban  homes  is  the  book¬ 
let  “Six  Upkeep  Problems  About  the 
Country  Home,”  published  by  GRAVELY 
PLOW  AND  CULTIVATOR  COMPANY, 
Dunbar,  West  Virginia.  All  you  need  to 
do  to  get  a  copy  is  to  drop  a  post  card 
to  the  above  address. 


MORE  MILK: 


TIOGA  MILLS, 
INC.,  Department 
C-22,  Waverly,  New  York,  has  a  new 
booklet  filled  with  information  about  the 
feeding  and  care  of  dairy  cows.  They 
will  be  glad  to  send  it  to  you  on  request. 


WINNERS:  Mrs.  Robert  Lane  of 
Amenia,  N.  Y.,  was 
national  prize  winner  in  GENERAL 
ELECTRIC’S  “Roast-of-the-Month  Con¬ 
test.”  She  won  on  a  recipe  for  oven 
barbequed  spareribs,  and  received  a  com¬ 
plete  G-E  electric  kitchen. 


jj.  There  is  more  than  usual 
HHnnnHHHH  interest  in  the  woodlot 
these  days.  Unfortunately,  many  wood- 
lot  owners  have  sold  timber  for  less  than 
it  is  worth.  Don’t  do  it.  Send  to  the 
FEDERAL  LAND  BANK,  Springfield, 
Mass.,  for  the  leaflet  “How  to  Get  More 
Out  of  Your  Woods.” 


These  days  nothing  that 
can  be  repaired  is  dis¬ 
carded.  For  some  practical  hints  about 
many  repairs  you  can  make  right  at 
home,  use  the  coupon  on  page  17  of  the 
March  28  issue  and  get  a  copy  of  the  free 
repair  handbook  offered  by  SMOOTH- 
ON,  570  Communipaw  Avenue,  Jersey 
City,  N.  J.,  Dept.  48. 


MANAGER: 


Because  of  the increas- 

_  ed  demand  for  Wene 

Chicks  and  vaccines,  Arthur  Scholz  of 
Vineland  has  been  made  Advertising  and 


Promotion  Manager  of  the  WENE 
CHICK  FARMS  and  the  WENE  POUL¬ 
TRY  LABORATORIES  at  Vineland,  N. 
J.  Announcement  was  made  by  Con¬ 
gressman  Elmer  H.  Wene. 

INOCULATION:  Experience  has 

mmmmmmmmmmmtmmmmmmmmmm  shown  that  in¬ 
oculating  legumes  pays  even  though  the 
legume  you  are  planting  has  grown  on 
that  field  in  past  years.  For  authentic, 
up-to-date  information  on  legume  inocula¬ 
tion,  drop  a  post  card  to  THE  NITRA- 
GIN  COMPANY,  INC.,  3808  N.  Booth 
Street,  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin.  They  have 
little  booklets  on  soybeans,  clover,  al¬ 
falfa,  and  sweet  clover. 

SAWS:  You  can  waste  a  lot  of  time 

mmmmmmmm  and  repair  parts  around  the 
farm  if  the  small  tools,  such  as  saws, 
planes,  and  chisels,  are  not  in  shape.  One 
of  the  best  booklets  of  which  we  know  on 
saw  filing  is  the  “Disston  Saw,  Tool  and 
File  Manual,”  put  out  by  HENRY  DIS¬ 
STON  &  SONS,  INC.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
It  tells  how  to  file  and  set  hand  saws  and 
smaller  circular  saws,  and  how  to  use 
files  and  other  common  farm  tools. 

HORSE  TRAINING:  °ur  ^and- 

STWJSi.  —  — ■ ■*  fathers 

knew  a  lot  more  about  training  horses 
than  we  do.  There  is  no  question  about 
that.  Even  so,  there  is  more  interest  in 
horse  breeding  these  days,  and  you  will 
enjoy  reading  “How  to  Break  and  Train 
Horses,”  which  is  available  from  the 
BEERY  SCHOOL  OF  HORSEMANSHIP, 
Dept.  463,  Pleasant  Hill,  Ohio. 


SOMETHING  NEW  —  Under  the  name 
“Victory  Silo,”  the  MARIETTA  CON¬ 
CRETE  CORPORATION,  Marietta,  Ohio, 
have  applied  for  patents  for  a  silo  con¬ 
structed  largely  of  masonite,  a  patented 
building  board.  It  is  especially  timely  be¬ 
cause  of  the  small  amount  of  metal  used 

\ 

in  its  construction.  The  picture  above 
shows  one  of  these  being  used  as  gravel 
storage  tank,  but  It  is  equally  applicable 
for  storing  silage. 


Editor  of  the  National  Grange 
Monthly  and  High  Priest  of  De¬ 
meter  of  the  National  Grange. 


GRANGES  everywhere  are  taking 
the  lead  in  encouraging  victory 
gardens,  especially  among  village  peo¬ 
ple  and  others  who  do  not  ordinarily 
have  them.  In  many  cases  a  successful 
farmer-member  of  the  Grange  is  nam¬ 
ed  as  supervisor  and  he  will  give  help¬ 
ful  advice  in  the  selection  of  seed,  use 
of  fertilizer  and  later  cultivation  and 
handling  of  garden  crops.  With  its  us¬ 
ual  sound  sense,  the  Grange  is  urging 
people  unfamiliar  with  garden  work 
not  to  tackle  such  a  project  except 
under  competent  supervision.  Other¬ 
wise,  waste  of  seed  and  fertilizer,  as 
well  as  labor,  would  make  even  “vic¬ 
tory  gardens”  of  little  value. 

*  *  * 

NEW  YORK  members  of  the  Grange 
are  very  happy  that  Mrs.  Lee  Husted 
of  Red  Hook,  chairman  of  the  State 
Grange  Service  and  Hospitality  Com¬ 
mittee,  has  been  elected  vice  president 
of  the  State  Council  of  Rural  Women. 
*  *  * 

NORWELL  GRANGE  in  Massachu¬ 
setts  realizes  fully  what  “many  a 
slip  between  the  cup  and  the  lip” 
means,  as  the  result  of  its  recent  ex¬ 
perience.  About  a  year  ago,  when  the 
town  of  Norwell  erected  a  new  school 
building,  the  old  one  was  turned  over 
to  the  Grange  for  a  nominal  price  and 
work  was  well  under  way  remodeling 
it  to  fit  Grange  needs.  The  Norwell 
members  were  jubilant  at  the  prospect 
of  soon  having  a  well-equipped  home 
of  their  own,  but  a  few  nights  ago  fire 
of  incendiary  origin  destroyed  the  en¬ 
tire  building  and  contents,  not  only 
dashing  the  hopes  of  Norwell  Grange 
members,  but  destroying  also  the  hard- 
earned  Grange  dollars  which  had  been 
put  into  the  hall  remodeling. 

*  *  * 

STATE  MASTER  F.  Ardine  Richard¬ 
son  of  Maine  (also  Chaplain  of  the 
National  Grange)  has  come  into  much 
prominence  in  the  Pine  Tree  State  the 
past  two  or  three  years,  because  of  his 
outstanding  work  as  a  member  of  the 
Maine  Legislature,  as  well  as  serving 
on  several  important  boards  and  com¬ 
mittees. 

*  *  * 

STATE  MASTER  and  Mrs.  William  J. 

Neal  of  New  Hampshire  are  the  hap¬ 
py  parents  of  a  bright  little  youngster, 
James  Edgar  Neal,  who  arrived  in  the 
Neal  homestead  at  Meredith,  February 
24th.  This  is  the  third  youngster  in  the 
Neal  family  and  all  quite  certain  to 
become  active  Grange  hustlers  in  due 
season. 

*  *  * 

THE  ORGANIZATION  of  the  latest 

Juvenile  Grange  unit  in  Connecticut, 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  Sea  View 
Pomona,  gives  every  Pomona  district 
in  the  Nutmeg  State  one  or  more 
Juvenile  upits  and  all  showing  excep¬ 
tional  activity  this  year.  This  is  due  in 
large  part  to  the  aggressive  leadership 
of  the  State  Superintendent,  Mrs.  Flor¬ 
ence  E.  Cooley,  who  has  personally  or¬ 
ganized  several  Connecticut  Juveniles. 

*  *  * 

FEW  MEN  in  New  York  have  had 
closer  contacts  with  the  Granges  of 
the  Empire  State  than  Charles  J. 
Bainbridge  of  Syracuse,  veteran  man¬ 
ufacturer  of  Grange  regalia,  supplies 
and  equipment  of  every  sort.  The  re¬ 
cent  death  of  Mr.  Bainbridge  is  a  re¬ 
minder  that  he  conducted  one  of  the 
oldest  regalia  houses  in  America,  which 


is  still  doing  business;  and  during  his 
long  career  Mr.  Bainbridge  probably 
supplied  more  Granges  with  their 
badges,  sashes  and  other  equipment 
than  any  other  similar  concern. 

*  *  * 

GREENFIELD  HILL  GRANGE,  locat¬ 
ed  in  Fairfield  county,  Connecticut, 
is  very  proud  of  its  possession  of  a 
group  of  17  living  past  masters,  every 
one  of  whom  is  still  lending  active  sup¬ 
port  to  the  work,  as  well  as  many  of 
them  being  leaders  in  the  various  de¬ 
partments.  Included  in  the  number  is 
the  first  master,  Simeon  Pease,  still 
interested  and  active,-  although  he  was 
installed  master  almost  51  years  ago. 
This  subordinate  owns  one  of  the  finest 
hall  properties  in  Connecticut  and,  lo¬ 
cated  in  the  outskirts  of  the  city  of 
Bridgeport,  forms  a  happy  connecting 
link  between  city  and  country,  as  both 
groups  are  represented  in  the  Grange 
membership. 

*  *  * 

THE  1942  MASTER  of  Halestown 
Grange  at  East  Weare,  New  Hamp¬ 
shire,  Miss  Jacqueline  Noury,  claims 
the  distinction  of  being  the  youngest 
lady  master  in  New  England.  She  was 
installed  January  9  and  is  exactly  16 
years  of  age.  However,  she  is  not  with¬ 
out  executive  experience,  because  she  is 
a  past  master  of  Halestown  Juvenile 
and  proved  her  alertness  three  years 
ago  by  becoming  first  prize  winner  in 
New  Hampshire  in  the  National  Grange 
Highway  Safety  Essay  Contest.  The 
Halestown  members  are  rallying 
heartily  to  this  young  lady’s  leadership 
and  it  looks  as  if  she  would  acquit  her¬ 
self  with  real  credit. 

— a.  a. — 

HORSE  ANDHUGGY  DAYS 

( Continued  from  Page  5) 
a  miracle.  You  see,  we  prevented  a 
sale  of  a  horse  for  less  than  she  was 
worth,  and,  as  a  miracle,  we  induced 
Eben  Brown  to  pay  more  than  a  horse 
was  worth.  Does  that  entitle  me  to 
another  piece  of  Johnny  Cake?” 

“No,”  said  Mother,  “if  you  got  your 
just  deserts,  I  suspect  it  would  be 
something  besides  Johnny  Cake;  but 
I  have  to  feed  you  while  you’re  on 
my  hands,  so  here  it  is.” 

“Bub,”  said  Uncle  Ben  solemnly, 
turning  to  me,  “do  you  know  how  you 
can  always  tell  when  you  get  hold  of 
a  quarter  whether  Eben  Brown  ever 
owned  that  quarter?” 

“No,”  said  I. 

“Well,  if  Eben  Brown  ever  owned 
that  quarter,  you’ll  find  the  eagle 
won’t  have  any  tail  feathers  left;  now 
you  look  carefully  the  next  time  and 
you  can  tell.” 

“Ben,”  said  Dad.  “If  I’d  brought 
that  old  white  mare  home  to  Mary  at 
fifty-seven  fifty,  I’d  have  looked  just 
like  one  of  Eben’s  quarters.”  Then 
they  both  laughed,  though  Dad  still 
laughed  kinda  worried. 

(To  be  continued ) 


.  .  and  only  yesterday  he  said 
he  was  going  to  fix  the  top  step 
before  some  fool  fell  down  the 
stairs l” 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 


17  (243) 


Tk'  »/  Worm.s  Reduce 
The  Weight  Of  Your 

WtP-HOGS-POUl  TRY 

USE  DEPENDABLE 

NEMa 

CAPSULES 


Dose— As  dnecred  br  tbe  Verenai/ua. 
BEE  C1RCCL4R  ENCLOSED 


PARKE,  DAVIS  &  CO. 


Free  Worm  Booklet 


Explains  How  to  use  Nema  Worm 
Capsules  to  remove  stomach  worms 
in  sheep,  large  roundworms  in 
hogs  and  poultry,  and  hookworms 
in  other  animals . Write  to 


Animal  Industry  Dept.,  Desk  N-72-D 

PARKE,  DAVIS  &  CO.,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

Drug  Stores  Sell  Nema  Worm  Capsules 


Protect  CHICKS  for  LIFE 
with  WENE  u^stD  VACCINES 


AGAINST  POX...3/4<PER  BIRD 
-TRACHEITIS. ..a<  PER  BIRD 

INSURE  YOUR  FLOCK  at  a  cost 
Less  Than  a  Single  Egg  Per  Bird.  VAC¬ 
CINATE  at  proper  age  with  Wene 
Chick  Embryo  Origin  Vaccines  (U.  S. 

Veterinary  License  No.  209).  Fowl 
Tracheitis  Vaccine:  100  doses  $2.50; 

500  doses.  $10.  Fowl  Pox  Vaccine:  100  dozen,  75c;  500  doses* 
$3.  FREE  BOOK  on  poultry  diseases  —  send  postcard. 
Attractive  proposition  for  dealers. 

Wene  Poultry  Laboratories,  Dept.  V-D4,  Vineland,  N.  J. 


Dry-Cleaned  Egg  Brushes 

Clean  your  eggs  with  a  dry-cleaning  brush.  Do  not 
wash  for  more  profit  and  better  quality.  35c  postpaid. 

F.  A.  LICK,  MFG.,  LOCKE,  NEW  YORK. 


CONCRETE 

FOUNDATIONS 

MODERNIZE  FARM  HOMES 


Your  house  is  easily  brought  up  to 
date,  made  better  looking  and  more 
comfortable  by  a  concrete  foundation. 
It  enables  you  to  have  a  warm,  dry, 
useful  basement  where  you  can  install 
a  modern  furnace  for  winter  comfort. 
Concrete  builds  economically  and 
permanently;  is  proof  against  fire,  ter¬ 
mites  and  decay.  On  your  next  trip  to 
town,  ask  a  concrete  contractor  or 
concrete  products  man  for  an  esti¬ 
mate.  Write  for  our  free  booklet, 
'Foundation  Walls  and  Basements  of 
Concrete.” 

PORTLAND  CEMENT  ASSOCIATION 

Dept.  K  4b-l,  347  Madison  Ave.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
_ |t  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


Government  Wheat 
for  Chickens  /??/.  G.  cMuttaSi 


FROM  what  I  have  seen  of  it  I  would 
say  that  the  wheat  which  the  fed¬ 
eral  government  has  recently  released 
to  farmers  is  good  chicken  feed.  What 
I  have  seen  is  hard,  red  wheat.  Many 
of  our  chickens  are  used  to  soft  white 
wheat,  but  I  see  no  reason  why  birds, 
young  or  old,  shouldn’t  take  to  the 

new  wheat  quick¬ 
ly.  In  rr^y  humble 
opinion,  the  idea 
that  chickens  back 
away  from  little 
changes  in  their 
diet  is  about  90% 
“bunk”  and  10% 
fact. 

Egg  prices 
aren’t  going  to  he 
any  better  in  the 
next  two  or  three 
months,  so  why 
not  cut  feed  costs  ? 
I  haven’t  seen  any 
better  way  to  do  it 
in  many  a  moon. 

Chicks  will  do 
very  well  after 
they  are  out  on  range  if  they  get  a 
good  starting  or  growing  mash  and 
nothing  but  wheat  for  scratch.  If  they 
are  confined,  the  scratch  feeding  might 
wisely  go  up  as  high  as  two  parts  of 
wheat  to  one  of  com  and  oats,  but  not 
clear  wheat. 

So  far  as  layers  are  concerned,  as¬ 
suming  that  they  have  a  mash  con¬ 
taining  corn  and  alfalfa  meal,  their 
scratch  can  be  clear  wheat  and  the 
birds  will  do  well.  The  same  is  true  of 
breeders  if  their  mash  is  a  good  breed¬ 
ing  mash. 

It  seems  quite  clear  to  me  that  the 
use  of  government  wheat  freely  in  both 
chick  and  hen  rations  is  a  pretty 
sound  way  to  counteract  present  low 
egg  prices. 

SECOND  CHECK-UP 

Last  October,  I  suggested  a  little 
caution  in  expanding  poultry  flocks  on 
Northeastern  farms.  So  far  as  I’m  con¬ 
cerned  this  caution  is  still  in  effect. 

Our  government  wants  our  farmers 
to  produce  more  eggs  and  I’m  for  it. 
The  only  place  where  I  disagree  with 
some  people  is  on  our  ability  to  ex¬ 
pand  at  a  very  rapid  rate.  I’ve  heard 
some  folks,  including  a  few  government 
officials,  say,  “The  lid  is  off.  We  can’t 
overproduce.” 

I  say  we  can,  and  there  is  a  possi¬ 
bility  that  we  may  overproduce.  I  know 
there  are  a  few  government  officials 
who  agree  with  this  point  of  view. 

We  started  this  year  with  about  10 
per  cent  more  hens  in  the  country  than 
we  had  a  year  ago.  So  far  this  year 
they  have  apparently  layed  15  to  20 
per  cent  more  eggs  than  were  pro¬ 
duced  in  the  same  period  of  1941. 

The  marketing  of  fowls  (culling)  has 
not  been  as  heavy  as  last  year  up  to 
March  15. 

The  January  hatch  was  14  per  cent 
heavier  than  last  year.  On  February  1, 
the  chick  orders  booked  by  hatcheries 
were  26  per  cent  heavier  than  on  Feb¬ 
ruary  1,  1941. 

Folks  in  civilian  life  apparently 
aren’t  eating  quite  as  many  eggs  as 
they  did  a  year  ago. 

On  the  whole,  I  think  the  situation 
still  bears  watching.  I  can’t  see  any¬ 
thing  to  plunge  in  on.  From  a  patriotic 
angle  I  think  we’re  safe  if  we  don’t 
change  our  cow  barn  into  a  hen  house. 
It  looks  as  if  we’d  get  the  increase  of 
about  10  or  11  per  cent  which  the  gov¬ 
ernment  asked  for  and  perhaps  some 
more. 

Men  who  know  the  feed  situation  tell 
me  that  there  is  no  surplus  of  feed  in 
the  country.  Let’s  not  use  up  too  much 


feed  if  we  don’t  really  need  all  the 
eggs. 

In  my  mind  the  future  is  not  clear 
in  the  chicken  business.  Good  stock, 
close  culling,  and  careful  management 
are  always  wise.  Then  I  would  order 
extra  chicks  if  I  saw  that  the  total 
hatch  was  falling  short  of  last  year’s.  If 
it  continued  as  big  or  bigger,  I  wouldn’t 
get  more  chicks  than  I’m  in  the  habit 
of  getting. 

It  can  turn  either  way.  I’ll  try  to 
keep  you  informed  on  hatching  opera¬ 
tions. 

•I*  •!*  -i* 

PREMIUM  EGG  PRICES 

To-day’s  egg  market  is  set  by  the 
federal  government.  Since  the  govern¬ 
ment  is  supporting  average  quality 
eggs  but  not  fancy  quality,  it  is  diffi¬ 
cult  to  sell  the  better  eggs  for  the  us¬ 
ual  premium  over  average  prices. 

I  don’t  think  this  will  change  until 
the  Spring  flush  of  production  is  over 
unless  the  government  changes  its 
buying  policy. 

This  is  the  time  of  year  when  egg 
quality  generally  takes  a  slump.  The 
weather  is  dull,  hens  have  worked  hard 
all  winter,  warmer  temperatures  may 
pull  down  quality  faster. 

On  all  nice  days  open  the  hen  house 
windows  and  let  some  fresh  air  and 
sunshine  in.  Whatever  helps  the  health 
of  the  hens  is  also  apt  to  help  egg 
quality. 

— a.  a.  — 

THINK  ABOUT  THIS 

New  York  State  has  achieved  a  new 
distinction.  It  was  the  only  state  in  the 
Union  that  had  fewer  laying  hens  in 
February  of  this  year  than  in  February 
1941.  We  dropped  back  to  99  per  cent. 
For  the  entire  country  there  was  an 
11  per  cent  increase  over  last  year. 
Kansas,  Nebraska,  both  of  the  Dako¬ 
tas,  Arkansas,  and  Colorado  showed 
increases  of  20  per  cent  or  more.  All 
of  which  doesn’t  quite  make  sense  to 
me. 

New  York  City  is  the  world’s  best 
egg  market.  We  are  next  door  to  that 
market.  People  have  more  money  to 
spend  for  eggs  and  chicken  than  they 
have  had  for  years.  Yet  it  is  the  farm¬ 
ers  from  all  over  the  country  except 
New  York  that  are  taking  advantage 
of  the  situation. 

Now  suppose  transportation  difficul¬ 
ties  should  develop.  I  can  foresee  a 
number  of  results.  The  midwestem 
poultry  flock  might  be  rather  out  of 
luck.  Prices  that  the  New  York  poul- 
tryman  could  get  for  his  eggs  would 
be  good  to  say  the  least.  But  what 
about  his  feed  supply?  It  looks  to  me 
as  though  an  expansion  in  the  farm 
poultry  enterprise  at  the  present  time 
is  justified,  provided  one  also  plans  to 
grow  grain  or  store  it  in  anticipation 
of  such  an  emergency. — L.  E.  W. 

— a.  a. — 

FARM  FLOCKS, 

IT’S  UP  TO  YOU 

As  near  as  I  can  make  out  not  many 
of  the  larger  poultry  farms  are  going 
to  be  able  to  increase  their  numbers 
this  year.  Some  may  even  have  to  cur¬ 
tail  operations  because  they  can’t  get 
sufficient  help.  Their  only  hope  of  help¬ 
ing  to  meet  the  need  for  more  eggs  is 
to  squeeze  out  a  few  extra  eggs  per 
hen.  In  other  words,  to  do  a  more  effi¬ 
cient  job. 

Actually  the  big  commercial  poultry 
units  make  up  but  a  small  part  of  New 
York’s  poultry  population  anyway. 
The  farm  flocks  count  up  to  an  aston¬ 
ishing  total  of  birds  because  there  are 
so  many  farms.  And  it  is  in  these  smal¬ 
ler  flocks  that  increases  can,  and  no 
( Continued  on  Page  18) 


J.  C.  Huttar 


Spark  Plugs  help 
Farm  Production 


Dirty  or  worn  plugs  cut  the  amount 
of  work  a  tractor  or  truck  can  do 
because  they  cut  engine  power.  They 
also  waste  as  much  as  one  gallon  of 
fuel  in  ten,  and  cause  hard  starting. 
So,  no  matter  what  plugs  you  use, 
do  these  two  things — faithfully: 

1.  Have  all  plugs  cleaned  and  adjusted 
every  200  hours,  or  every  4,000  miles. 

2.  Replace  worn  plugs  promptly,  —  but 
only  when  necessary. 

The  new  AC  Spark  Plug  for  tractor 
service  lasts  longer,  fires  easier,  stays 
cleaner,  and  resists  breakage  better 
than  any  plug  AC  has  ever  built.  It 
is  the  result  of  developing  the  spark 
plug  now  firing  engines  in  U.  S. 
fighters  and  bombers.  Many  of  its 
features  are  identical. 


AC  hopes,  of  course,  that  you  will 
replace  with  AC  Spark 
Plugs.  But,  regardless 
of  that,  be  sure  to 
give  your  plugs  the 
care  outlined  above. 


Get  Plugs  Cleaned 
Where  You  See  This  Sign 


START 

YOUR 


„  ITH 

:0R.  SALl?UrI|. 

phim-o-sai. 

the  double DUT 

ORIHKIH© 

^  MEDICINB 

Don  'T  miss  out  on  profits  from  today's 
higher  prices — start  your  chicks  out 
with  Dr.  Salsbury's  double  duty  PHEN- 
O-SALl  Fights  bowel  troubles  in  TWO 
ways.  (1)  checks  germ  growth  in  drink¬ 
ing  water,  (2)  medicates  chick's  diges¬ 
tive  system! 

You  get  this  double  duty  benefit  be¬ 
cause  Phen-O-Sal  is  non-oxidizing — 
stays  active  longer!  No  wonder  large 
flock  owners  prefer  Dr.  Salsbury's  Phen- 
O-Sal.  Use  Phen-O-Sal  regularly,  in 


ny  container — even  metal! 

Buy  at  Dr.  Salsbury's  dealers — hatch- 
ries,  drug  and  feed  stores — they  are 
members  of  Dr.  Salsbury's  Nation-Wide 
oultry  Health  Service!  DR. 

ALSBURY'S  LABORATO- 
IIES,  Charles  City,  Iowa. 

When  colds  threaten  spray 
our  chicks  with  Dr.  Sals- 
ury's  CAN-PHO-SAL. 

□R.5AL5BUR,Y.s" 


8 


_ TABLETS 

THE  DOUBLE  DUTY  DRINKING  WATER  MEDICINE  1 


(244)  IS 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  194 


OUR  GUARANTEE.  You  need  h«v«  no  hesitation  In  sending  money  to  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  baby  chick  advertisers  If  they  fall  to  send  the  chicks  to  you, 
your  money  will  be  refunded  We  require  every  advertiser  to  stand  back  of  statements  made  in  the  advertisement.  Obviously  no  one  can  guarantee  that  chicks  will 

live.  To  take  advantage  of  our  guarantee  it  is  necessary,  when  writing  advertisers,  to  say.  "I  saw  your  advertisement  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST.” 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


Hatches  Mon.-Tues. -Wed.-Thurs.  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ $9.00 

Black  or  White  Minorcas _ 9.00 

B.  &W.  Box.  K.  X.  Reds.  W.  Wy.  9.00 
Red -Rock  or  Rnclc-Red  Cross.  -  9.00 

Jersey  White  Giants - 11.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAA  SUP.).I2.00 
Heavv  Mixed  $8.  HEAVY  BROILER 


$16.00 

16.00 
12.00 
12.00 
14.00 
16.00 
CKLS. 


$2.00 
3.00 
8.00 
8.00 
10.00 
8.00 
(OUR 

SELECTION)  $7.00.  Breeders  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D. 
100%  live  del.  Postage  Paid.  AMERICAN  SEXORS 
ONLY.  95%  Accuracy. 

C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


GUARANTEED^) 

w  A  . . .  100%  Alive  Arrival 

...  90%  Accuracy  in  Sexing 

If  you  want  quick  service  and  fair 
dealing,  this  is  your  short  cut  to  sat- 
isfaction:  HAYES  BROS.  SUPREME 
CHICKS!  Here's  why:  Hayes  Bros.  Supreme  Chicks  are 
sturdy  and  profitable  (20  varieties  to  choose  from)— 
numerous  so  as  nottodisappoinf  you  (45,000  hatched 
daily) — to  suit  you  exactly  (sexed  or  non-sexed). 
Postpaid,  of  course.  We  have  a  FREE  catalog  for  you: 
send  penny  postal  saying  you  want  it! 

Hayes  Bros.  Hatchery,  11 a  Hayes  Bldg.,  Decatur,  III. 


CHERRY  HILL  CHICKS 


Twenty -hive  years  ot  Breeding  and  Hatching  Experi¬ 
ence,  Assures  you  the  highest  duality.  Tested  for  B.W.D. 
Postage  Paid.  Catalog  FREE.  Live  Delivery. 

Pullets  Guar.  95%  Accurate.  Per  100  100  100 

BIG  R.O.P.  SIRED  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS  _ $  8.50  $16.00  $3.00 

White  or  Barred  Rocks _  9.50  13.00  8.00 

New  Hamps.  or  S.C.  R.  I.  Reds__  10.50  15.00  7.00 
Less  than  100  add  lc  ner  chick.  Also  Started  Chicks. 

CHERRY  HILL  POULTRY  FARM, 

Wm.  Nace,  (Prop.)  Box  A.  McALISTERVILLE.  PA. 


Shellerberger’s  S.  C.  White  Leghorns 

Heavy  producers  of  large  White  eggs.  R.O.P. 
Sired  Chicks — Sexed  Pullets,  95%  Sex  guarantee 
— Day  Old  Cockerels.  Write  for  prices  and  Catalog. 
C.  M.  SHELLENBERGER’S  POULTRY  FARM 
Box  37,  Richfield,  Pa. 


100%  del.  Cash  or  C.O.D.  UNSEX.  PLTS.  CKLS. 
(Pullets  Guar.  95%)  100  100  100 

Hanson  Special  Wh.  Leg.  $8.00  $16.00  $3.00 

Hanson  or  Eng.  Wh.  Leg _  7.50  15.00  2.50 

Bar.  &  Wh.  Rox,  R.  I.  Reds _  9.00  12.00  7.00 

H.  Mix  $7.  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Free  Cir.  Postpaid. 

NIEMOND’S  POULTRY  FARM  &  HATCHERY. 
Norman  Niemond,  Box  A,  McALlSTERVILLE,  PA. 


[F  YOU  ARE,  you  will 
want  the  address  on  your 
paper  changed.  On  a 
postal  card  or  by  letter 
write  us  your  old  and 
your  new  address. 

CIRCULATION  DEPARTMENT, 

10  North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


DUCKLINGS 


MAMMOTH  PEKINS,  $16.-100;  WHITE  RUNNERS. 
$15.-100.  HARRY  BURNHAM.  NO.  COLLINS,  N.  Y. 


SQUABS 


For  better 
egg-feed  ratio 

•  Heavy-laying  pullets  devel¬ 
oped  from  Kerr's  Lively  Chicks 
consume  no  more  feed  than  less 
productive  birds.  But  what  a 
difference  this  Kerr  productivity 
means  in  establishing  a  satisfactory  bal¬ 
ance  between  your  income  and  today's 
increased  cost  of  feed! 

Kerr  quality  is  the  result  of  no  miracle.  An¬ 
nually,  Kerr  experts  cull,  band, 
blood-test  120,000  breeders  in  a 
scientific  program  now  in  its 
34th  year.  100%  live  delivery 
guaranteed.  All  popular  breeds, 
crosses,  sexed  White  Leghorns. 

Write  today  for  free  literature, 
advance  order  discount  otter. 

KERR  CHICKERIES 

21  RAILROAD  AVE„  FRENCHTOWN,  N.  J. 
There's  a  branch  office  near  you— call  today 

NEW  JERSEY:  Jamesburg,  Paterson,  Woodbury; 
NEW  YORK:  Binghamton,  Blue  Point,  L.  I..  East 
Syracuse,  Kingston,  Middletown,  Schenectady; 
PENNSYLVANIA:  Diinmore,  Lancaster,  Lewistown; 
MASS.:  West  Springfield:  CONN.:  Danbury;  DEL¬ 
AWARE:  Selbyville.  (Address  Dept.  2 1 ) 


J^IULSH  FARM*  CHICK;® 


All  Breeders  carefully  culled  & 

Blood  Tested.  Order  direct  from  tettl 
■\:ju  ad.  or  write  for  our  new  catalog. 

Satisfaction  and  safe  arrival  guaranteed. 

Shipments  Mon.  &  Thurs.—  Unsex’d  Pul'ts  C’k’ls 

Will  Ship  C.O.D.  100  100  109 

White  or  Brown  Leghorns - $9.00  $16.00  $1.50 

Black  or  Buff  Leg.,  Anconas -  9.50  17.00  2.00 

Bar  White  or  Buff  Rocks -  9.50  13.00  8.50 

Wll.  Wvancl,  It,  I.  Reds.  N.  Hamps.  9.50  13.00  7.00 

Red -Rocks,  Rock-Red  Cross -  9.50  13.00  8.50 

SPECIAL  GRADE  A  MATINGS 

White  &  Black  Leghorns -  2.00  20.00  4.50 

Bar.  Rocks  &  New  Hampshires - 13.50  17. UO  n.uu 

Sexing  guaranteed  95%  correct.  Our  21st  year. 

ULSH  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A,  Port  Trevorton,  Pa. 


New  Hampshires 

(HIBBARD  STRAIN) 

LEGHORN  AND  OTHER  HEAVIES, 

•"  Many  R.  O.  P.  Mated 

WRITE  FOR  CIRCULAR 

SPRUNGER  HATCHERY,  B,NN°.HwflETr 


100 

100 

100 

Unsexed 

Pits. 

Ckls 

..  $9.00 

$16.00 

$2.00 

9.00 

16.00 

2.00 

10.00 

14.00 

7.00 

..  10.00 

14.00 

7.00 

..  8.00 

10.00 

6.00 

95% 


NACE’S  QUALITY  CHICKS 


We  pay  postage.  Safe  delivery  guaranteed. 
HANSON  OR  ENGLISH  LARGE 
TYPE  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

R. O.P.  SIRED  - *9-00 

S.  C.  Everpay  Br.  Leghorns -  9.00 

Bar.  and  White  Rocks - 

N.  H.  and  It.  I.  Reds - 

Heavy  Mixed  - - — --  8-00 

From  Free  range  Flocks.  Sexed  Pullets  Guar, 
accurate.  Order  from  ad  or  write  for  Catalog 

J  N.  NACE  POULTRY  FARM  &  HATCHERY. 
Box  A,  RICHFIELD,  PENNSYLVANIA. 

PENNSYLVANIA’S  FINEST 
CHICKS  POULTS 

25,000  Weekly  10,000  Weekly 

(All  Sexed  and  Straight  Run) 

White  Leghorns,  Barred  Rocks,  White  Rocks.  Hamp¬ 
shire  Reds,  Red  Rock  Cross.  Poults:  Mammoth  Bronze. 
Broad  Breasted  Bronze,  Black  Spanish.  White  Holland. 
Bourbon  Reds.  Leghorn  Cockerels  $1.50-100.  Heavy 
Cockerels  $6.00-100.  Circular  Free.  Before  you  buy 

EPHRATAU  HATCHERIES,  Box  1250.  EPHRATA,  PA. 


do -it -with 

Breed  s-q-u-a-b-s  to  make  money. 

Top  poultry  prices.  Why  breed 
for  smaller  profit  trade?  Squabs  marketed  when  only 
25  days  old.  City  marketmen  whose  names  we  give  you 
want  all  you  can  ship.  FREE  BOOK  has  personal  de¬ 
tailed  accounts  by  know-how  breeders.  Write  today 
for  it  and  our  low  prices, 

RICE  FARM,  206  K.  St.,  MELROSE,  MASS. 


BmoMumm- 

CHICKS 


Your  Chicks  MUST  be  good  this  year! 
Don't  take  chances.  Clauser  chicks  are  from 
Targe  size,  heavy  production  Barron  English  S.  C.  W. 
Leghorns.  Hens  weigh  up  to  7  lbs.  Mated  with  R.O.P. 
Pedigreed  Cockerels.  Extra  quality  chicks  from  Blood -test- 
ed  healthy,  vigorous  selected  stock.  Straight  run,  sexed 
pullets  or  cockerels.  Write  for  price  list  and  catalog. 

Box  A, 

Kleinfeltersville,  Pa. 


Robert  L.  Clauser 


i-i  U  If  VC  S.  C.  White  Leghorns,  New  Hampshires 
UllldViJ  and  Barred  Rocks,  1 0c ;  Corni-Rocks,  12c: 
Sexed  Leghorn  Pullets,  15c.  Guar.  95%.  All  State 
Blood  Tested  and  Supervised  Flocks.  Circular  FREE. 

E.  L.  BEAVER,  Box  A,  McALlSTERVILLE,  PA. 


TOM  BARRON  WHITE  LEGHORNS. 
IsfllUIVa  HIGHEST  QUALITY.  LOWEST  PRICES. 
TOM  BARRON  LEG.  FARM.  Box  A.  R I CH  FI E LD,  PA. 


DAY  OLD  AND  STARTED  CHICKS.  Bloodtested 
Breeders.  Write  for  our  1942  prices.  Prompt  shipment. 
ROSELAWN  CHICK  FARM,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


( Continued  from  Page  17) 
doubt  will  take  place  this  year.  Four 
years  ago  Leo  Dillon,  assistant  county 
agricultural  agent  in  Onondaga  county 
made  a  check  on  size  of  poultry  flocks 
on  120  farms  in  that  county.  Only  5 
per  cent  of  the  36,000  birds  involved 
were  in  flocks  of  1000  or  more.  More 
than  82  per  cent  of  these  farm  flocks 
contained  fewer  than  500  layers. 

Suppose  every  farm  flock  in  the 
state  should  keep  110  layers  next  win¬ 
ter  where  100  were  kept  this  year;  and 
they  laid  at  the  same  rate,  that  would 
give  about  a  ten  per  cent  increase  in  the 
state’s  egg  production.  That  ought  to 
be  easy.  There  is  still  another  way  of 
getting  that  state  increase.  Let  all 
poultry  flocks  remain  the  same  size  as 
last  year  but  each  hen  lay  ten  per 
cent  more  eggs.  A  flock  average  of  150 
eggs  would  increase  to  165  eggs.  That 
too  should  be  fairly  easy.  There  are 
many  possibilities.  Better  feeding,  bet¬ 
ter  care,  better  quarters,  and  most  im¬ 
portant  of  all — chicks  that  carry  in¬ 
herited  higher  production  and  greater 
resistance  to  disease. 

I  wonder  what  the  increase  will  be  if 
farm  flocks  contain  more  birds  and  lay 
more  eggs  per  bird. — L.  E.  W. 

— A.  A.— 

CHICK  GUARDS 

Mr.  Eben  Wood,  who  lives  in  New 
England,  and  knows  a  great  deal 
about  chicks  from  first  hand  experience 
says  that  he  doesn’t  like  heavy  paper 
as  the  fence  around  a  brooder  stove  to 
keep  the  day-old  chicks  from  straying. 
He  says  that  if  it  is  at  all  cool  the 
little  things  will  bunch  up  against  the 
paper,  and  once  having  learned  the 
trick  it  is  almost  impossible  to  bring 
them  to  the  stove  where  they  belong. 
He  prefers  a  foot-wide  wire  fence.  Then 
the  air  can  flow  along  gently  toward 
the  stove  and  the  chicks  will  go  along 
with  it.  Sounds  like  a  sound  idea  to  me. 
— L.  E.  W. 

—  A.  A. — 

GIVE  CHICKS  ROOM 

What  is  the  right  number  of  chicks 
for  a  brooder  stove?  Is  it  wise  or  even 
safe  to  put  500  chicks  in  one  flock?  If 
you  ask  the  average  successful  poultry- 
man  he  will  tell  you  without  any  hesi¬ 
tation  that  300  chicks  are  enough  for 
one  stove.  He  has  tried  more  but  every 
time  the  pullets  were  not  so  good.  Of¬ 
ten  the  number  is  set  even  lower,  per¬ 
haps  250. 

However,  that  number  does  not  go 
unchallenged.  Many  times  at  poultry 
meetings  some  unorthodox  individual 
has  mildly  or  stoutly  insisted  that  he 
can  put  500  chicks  in  one  flock  and 
yet  grow  good  pullets.  We  usually  ig¬ 
nore  such  indications  of  bolshevism 
and  pass  on  to  the  next  question.  But 
now  comes  Professor  H.  E.  Botsford 
of  the  poultry  department  at  Cornell 
to  join  the  rebels.  He  put  500  chicks 
under  one  brooder  last  year  and  raised 
a  fine  lot  of  pullets.  He  did  it  twice. 
His  more  than  800  pullets  have  been 
in  the  60-70  per  cent  class  this  winter. 
Here  is  a  contradiction  and  a  puzzle. 
It  leaves  us  a  little  confused.  That  al¬ 
ways  happens  when  someone  begins 
moving  ancient  landmarks.  I  think  I 
have  the  answer  to  the  puzzle.  Here 
is  my  solution: 

Everybody  is  right.  It  all  makes 
sense  if  you  just  take  into  considera¬ 
tion  the  size  of  the  room.  Most  poultry- 
men  have  portable  brooder  houses.  It 
is  hard  to  move  houses  that  are  larger 
than  10  by  12  feet.  So  that  is  usually 


Wonderful  Success 

Raising  Baby  Chicks 

Mrs.  Rhoades’  letter  will  no  doubt  be 
of  utmost  interest  to  poultry  raisers. 
Read  her  experience  in  her  own  words: 
“Dear  Sir:  I  think  I  must  be  one  of  the 
very  first  to  use  Walko  Tablets.  Some 
35  years  ago  when  I  started  raising 
chicks  I  saw  Walko  Tablets  advertised 
as  an  aid  in  preventing  the  spread  of 
disease  through  contaminated  drinking 
water.  I  tried  a  package  for  my  baby 
chicks  with  happiest  results.  I  have 
depended  upon  Walko  Tablets  ever 
since.” — Mrs.  Ethel  Rhoades,  Shenan¬ 
doah,  Iowa. 

Danger  of  Disease  Among 
Baby  Chicks 

Readers  are  warned  to  exercise  every 
sanitary  precaution  and  beware  of  in¬ 
fection  in  the  drinking  water.  Baby 
chicks  must  have  a  generous  supply  of 
pure  water.  Drinking  vessels  harbor 
germs.  Drinking  water  often  becomes 
infected  with  disease  germs  and  may 
spread  disease  through  your  flock  be¬ 
fore  you  are  aware.  Use  preventive 
methods — use  Walko  Tablets.  For 
over  forty  years  thousands  of  poultry 
raisers  have  depended  upon  them.  You, 
too,  can  rely  on  Walko  Tablets  as  a 
valuable  antiseptic  to  aid  in  preventing 
the  spread  of  disease  through  con¬ 
taminated  drinking  water. 


You  Run  No  Risk 

Buy  a  package  of  Walko  Tablets  to¬ 
day  at  your  druggist  or  poultry  supply 
dealer.  Use  them  in  the  drinking  water 
to  aid  in  preventing  the  spread  of 
disease  through  contaminated  water. 
Satisfy  yourself  as  have  thousands  of 
others  who  depend  upon  Walko  Tablets 
year  after  year  in  raising  their  little 
chicks.  You  buy  Walko  Tablets  at  our 
risk.  We  guarantee  to  refund  your 
money  promptly  if  you  are  not  entire¬ 
ly  satisfied  with  results.  The  Waterloo 
Savings  Bank,  the  oldest  and  strongest 
bank  in  Waterloo,  Iowa,  stands  back 
of  our  guarantee.  Sent  direct  postpaid 
if  your  dealer  cannot  supply  you.  Price 
50c,  $1.00,  $2.50  and  $4.00. 

Walker  Remedy  Company 
Dept.  406,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 


If  you  suffer  MONTHLY  ^ 

FEMALE  PAIN  1 


which  makes  you 

WEAK,  CRANKY 

Nervous,  at  such  times,  when 
you’re  annoyed  by  backaches,  head¬ 
aches,  distress  of  “irregularities,” 
periods  of  the  blues— due  to  func¬ 
tional  monthly  disturbances— try 
Lydia  E.  Pinkham’s  Vegetable  Com¬ 
pound  to  effectively  relieve  this  dis¬ 
tress.  Taken  regularly— Pinkham’s 
Compound  helps  build  up  resistance 
against  such  symptoms. 

Pinkham’s  Compound  is  made  es¬ 
pecially  for  women.  Famous  for  over 
60  years.  Thousands  upon  thousands 
of  women  and  girls  benefited!  Fol- 
low  label  directions.  Worth  trying ! 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 


19  ( 245) 


OUR  GUARANTEE.  You  need  hove  no  hesitation  In  sending  money  to  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  baby  chick  advertisers  If  they  fail  to  send  the  chicks  te  you, 
your  money  will  be  refunded.  We  require  every  advertiser  te  stand  back  of  statements  made  in  the  advertisement.  Obviously  no  one  can  guarantee  that  chicks  will 
live.  Te  take  advantage  of  our  guarantee  it  is  necessary,  when  writing  advertisers,  te  say,  “I  saw  your  advertisement  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST.” 


REDBI RD 


Mass.  State  Pi'Horum  Tes*ed  Breeders 

Specialty- Bred  30  Years  for  Egg  Production 

Hatching  Eggs  are  produced  on  our  own  300 -acre 
farm.  All  breeding  and  hatching  operations  are 
under  the  personal  supervision  of  the  owner.  Cus¬ 
tomers  are  continually  reporting  3  lb.  Broilers  at 
10  Weeks  and  50%  Production  of  24-oz.  Eggs  from 
6-Month-Old  Pullets. 

98%  Livability  Guaranteed  First  4  Weeks 
on  Champion.  Grade  A  and  Grade  B  Matings 
RHODE  ISLAND  REDS  NEW  HAMPSHIRES 
WHITE  LEGHORNS  B A R R ED  PL.  ROCKS 
ROCK-RED  Barred  Cross  RED-ROCK  Sex-Link  Cross 
Complete  Sexing  Service.  Write  for  Catalog  and  Price  List. 
REOBIRD  FARM,  Route  11,  WRENTHAM,  MASS. 
World’s  Largest  R.  I.  Red  Breeding  Farm. 


OtltHS 


for  MORE  EGGS 
-MORE  PROFIT 

■■SEND  FOR  THf$ 

O 

|  Step  up  you)' 
Egg  Production  > 
and  Egg  Profits  q 
with  Hall’s  Sexed  Barred  Hallcross 
Pullets.  Bred  for  VIGOR  and  LIVA-  z 
BILITY,  they  are  prolific  producers  of  O 
large  eggs.  ^ 

SEND  FOR  FREE  CATALOG  —  M|  -M 
It  is  straight  forward  and  honest — 
contains  much  useful  information 
on  profitable  egg  production  with 
Hall’s  Chicks.  Send  for  your  copy 
today.  I 

HALL  BROS.  HATCHERY,  Inc. 

Box  59.  Wallingford,  Conn. 


WELL  BRED  from  WELL  BREEDERS 


LEMENI5 

HICK5H 


BROS. 

FARMS 


Pmuaa  — 

baby  pullets 

HBH  are  reaching  wide  popularity 
because  of  their  profit-abilities. 

So  are  CLEMENTS’  Reds,  Barred  and  _ 

White  Rocks  and  Clem- Rock  cross  chicks.  Bred  right. 
Maine-U.  S.  Pullorum  clean.  Catalog  tells  about  co¬ 
operative  savings  plan.  Write  today. 

CLEMENTS  BROS.  FARMS 
Box  24  Winterport,  Maine 


Introducing 

ROCK-RED  CROSSBRED 

Chicks  (from  the  best  of  both  breeds) 

— Excellent  for  broiler  raisers  or  egg 
producers.  State  tested,  pullorum  passed.  Same 
careful  breeding  as  Douglaston  Manor  Farm  R.  I. 

Reds — long  famous  for  high  produc¬ 
tion.  livability,  early  matur¬ 
ity,  non-broodiness,  large 
body  and  egg  size.  Both  Reds 
and  Crossbreds  are  available 
Sexed  or  Straight  Run.  Write 
for  catalog  and  prices  todav! 
DOUGLASTON  MANOR  FARM.  R.D.  I,  PULASKI,  N.Y. 


U.  S.  R.  0.  P.  Sired  Chicks 

White  Leghorns;  New  Hampshire  Reds: 
Barred  Rocks;  Barred  Cross.  Bred  to 
live.  100%  satisfaction  guaranteed. 
All  breeds  officially  bloodtested.  Chicks 
guaranteed  flee  from  Pullorum. 

Write  for  illustrated  Catalog. 

Van  Duzer  Poultry  Farm 

Box  ft  Sugar  loaf.  New  York 


CONTENT  FARMC 

”  S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS  W 

For  past  3  years  our  pens  at  Central  N.  Y.  Laying 
Contest  have  led  all  pens  all  breeds  in  combined  pro¬ 
duction  and  livability.  We  had  high  Leghorn  pen  at 
Farmingdale  Contest  1941.  Order  now  for  1942  delivery. 
Write  today  for  advance  price  list  and  catalog. 
CONTENT  FARMS,  BOX  A,  CAMBRIDGE.  N.  Y. 


WHITE  LEGHORNS 

LARGE  TYPE  BREEDERS  MAT- 
RQOOKSIDE  ED  W,TH  HANSON  R.  O.  P. 

PEDIGREED  COCKERELS 

trom  hens  witj),  records  of  300 
eggs  and  over.  Also  Barred  Rocks. 
White  Rocks  and  New  Hamp- 
shires.  Day  Old  and  Started  Chicks. 
4  week  old  Pullets.  Price  list  and  Booklet  Free. 

BROOKSIDE  POULTRY  FARM 

E.  C.  BROWN,  Prop.,  Box  A,  Sergeantsville,  N.  J. 


BARRON 

LEGHORN 

CHICKS 


r  from  high  record  trapnested, 
bloodfteted  stock;  imported  and 
bred  this  strain  for  27  years.  Sex¬ 
ed  or  Unsexed  chicks.  Free  circular. 
DAVID  M.  HAMMOND. 

^  Rt.  3.  Cortland,  N.  Y. 


the  size  you  will  find.  Professor  Bots- 
ford  started  his  chicks  in  a  much  larg¬ 
er  space.  Three  hundred  chicks  in  a 
10  by  12  room  means  2%  chicks  for 
every  square  foot.  Five  hundred  chicks 
in  one-half  of  a  20  by  20  pen  would 
also  figure  2  y2  chicks  for  each  square 
foot.  Last  spring  when  I  visited  the 
Delmarva  section  I  saw  thousands  of 
broilers  being  raised  500  per  stove  in 
former  laying  houses,  two  stoves  in 
each  20  by  20  pen.  Let’s  fit  the  size 
of  the  flock  to  the  size  of  the  room. — 
L.  E.  Weaver. 

—  A.  A. — 

WATER  FOR  THE  CHICKS 

Three  mason  jar  fountains  to  each 
brooder  stove  will  keep  the  chicks  from 
committing  suicide  by  drowning  while 
they  are  learning  to  drink.  During  the 
second  week  these  small  founts  may 
be  replaced  by  one  five  gallon  size.  It 
is  a  time-saver.  It  can  b*e  filled  more 
quickly  and  need  not  be  filled  so  often. 
Set  it  on  a  wire-covered  frame  to  raise 
it  above  the  litter,  and  to  keep  the 
litter  dry. 

Out  on  the  range  another  saver  of 
time  and  labor  is  to  have  water  under 
pressure  with  float  valves  to  control 
the  water  level  in  shallow  pans.  Lack¬ 
ing  that,  one  may  use  oil  drums  equip¬ 
ped  with  float  valves.— L.  E.  W. 

—  A.  A. — 

PRODUCTION  SLUMP 

I  have  a  small  flock  of  pullets  that 
started  laying  at  an  early  age  and  have 
been  producing  satisfactorily  until  re¬ 
cently,  when  they  have  had  a  bad  slump. 
What  is  the  cause?  I  have  used  lights 
on  them  all  winter  and  have  fed  a  good 
commercial  ration. 

This  is  a  difficult  question  to  answer, 
but  there  are  two  possibilities.  The 
first,  and  most  probable,  is  that  these 
pullets  gradually  lost  weight  because 
they  didn’t  eat  enough.  A  good  way 
to  check  on  this  during  the  winter  is 
to  mark  a  few  hens  and  weigh  them 
every  week.  If  they  are  losing  weight, 
stimulate  their  consumption  by  wet 
mashes  or  other  means. 

The  second  possibility  is  this:  Lights 
will  give  you  more  eggs  in  the  winter 
months,  but  it  is  generally  agreed  that 
they  do  not  cause  a  hen  to  lay  more 
eggs  during  a  year.  If  they  have  been 
producing  heavily,  they  may  be  due 
for  a  let-down,  even  though  they  main¬ 
tain  their  body  weight. 

— a.  a. — 

GRASS  FOR  POULTRY 

Several  times  recently  I  have  read  ref¬ 
erences  to  poultry  pastures.  What  is  a 
poultry  pasture? 

It  has  been  found  that  youngstock 
running  on  good  grass  can  be  grown 
at  a  considerable  saving  in  feed  costs. 
It  is  recommended  that  not  over  500 
be  put  out  per  acre.  A  poultry  pas¬ 
ture  is  a  fertile  piece  of  ground  that 
is  well  seeded  to  grass.  In  fact,  to 
make  a  good  poultry  pasture,  you  prac¬ 
tically  have  to  have  a  piece  of  grass 
that  is  just  about  as  good  as  a  first- 
class  lawn.  This  usually  means  atten¬ 
tion  to  proper  fertilizing  and  the  neces¬ 
sary  steps  to  prevent  the  grass  getting 
too  big. 

—  A.  A. — 

When  chicks  are  three  weeks  old, 
plan  to  install  some  light  roosts  with 
1"  mesh  wire  underneath.  Once  the 
chicks  learn  to  roost,  you  will  avoid 
considerable  worry  and  trouble  from 
crowding  at  night. 


JUNIATA  LEGHORNS 

ing  your  chicks  be  sure  to  write  us 
postal  card  will  bring  this  to  you. 

JUNIATA  POULTRY  FARM 


Our  2Sth  year  of  breeding  JUNIATA  LEGHORNS.  Our 
foundation  Breeders  direct  from  TOM  BARRON.  They  are 
large  birds  and  bred  for  eggs  and  more  eggs.  Before  order- 
for  our  large  Circular  showing  pictures  of  our  farm  and  breeders — a 
Prices  exceptionally  low.  Day  Old  Pullets  a  specialty.  Write  NOW. 

Box  A,  RICHFIELD,  PENN. 


cmssnra 

•f  BIG  SAVINGS  on  EARLY  ORDERS 

Wene  R.  O.  P.  Sired  Chicks  insured  thru  first  14-Day  Danger  Period  — 
any  loss  replaced  FULLY  without  charge.  More  2-to-5-year-old  HEN 
BREEDERS  headed  by  200  to  314  Egg  Official  Record  Pedigreed  R.  O.  P. 
Sires  than  any  other  Eastern  plant.  U.  S.  N.  J.  APPROVED.  Hatches  year 
’round.  Capacity  1,800,000  eggs.  All  popular  pure  or  crossbreeds. 
BLOODTESTED.  Credit,  if  desired.  Write  today  for  FREE  CATALOG. 

WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  BepL  D-4,  VINELAND,  14.  J. 


BREEDS 

WENEcross  Hybrids: 

Leghorn-Minorcas 
Wyan-Rocks;  Brain- 
Rocks;  REDrocks 
Leghorns  or  Wyan- 
dottes;  Barred  or  White 
Rocks;  R.I.  Reds — Bl. 
or  Wh.  Giants;  New 
Hampshire  Reda 


CHICKS 


100%  LIVE  ARRIVAL  GUAR.  POSTPAID 
CASH  OR  C.  O.  D.  —  ORDER  FROM  AD. 
ALL  BREEDERS  BLOODTESTED 


Hatches  Every  Mon.  &  Thur. 

100  Str.  Rurt 

100  Pullets 

100  Cockerels 

R.O.P.  SIRED  WHITE  LEGHORNS-. 

_ $10.00 

$18.00 

$3.00 

Large  English  White  Leghorns 

_ 9.00 

16.00 

2.00 

Bar.  Rox.  White  Rox,  R.  1.  Reds,  Wh. 

Wyand.  10.00 

12.50 

8.00 

N.  H.  Reds,  Red-Rox  Cross  .  „ 

_ 11.00 

13.50 

9.00 

Mixed  Chicks  of  all  Breeds  _ 

8.00 

10.00 

6.00 

Extra  Quality  Chicks 
bred  for  size  and 
egg  production.  Pullets 
guar.  90%.  Write 
for  FREE  Folder. 


SUNNY  SLOPE  HATCHERY, 


DEPT.  A, 


THOMPSONTOWN.  PENNA. 


CLEAR  SPRING  CHICKS 


32  years  Breeding  experience.  We  have  been  satisfying  a  steady  growing 
list  of  prosperous  poultrymen  for  years.  All  Breeders  Blood  Tested. 

1942  CATALOG  FREE. 


PULLETS  95%  GUARANTEED— 190%  LIVE  DELIVERY. 

LARGE  TYPE  ENGLISH  LEGHORNS - 

OUR  FAMOUS  HANSON  LEGHORNS  - - 

RED-FACED  BLACK  SPANISH  M1N0RCAS  - 

BARRED  AND  WHITE  ROCKS.  R.  I.  REDS - 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  REDS  AND  RED-ROCK  CROSS . 

CLEAR  SPRING  HATCHERY,  F.  B.  LEISTER.  Prop. 


STR.— 100 

PLTS.— 100 

ckls.—: 

_$  9.00 

$16.00 

$2.00 

-  10.00 

18.00 

2.00 

.  10.00 

17.00 

4.00 

_  10.00 

12.00 

9.00 

1  1.00 

14.00 

9.00 

box  51,  McAlister vi lle,  pa. 


WHITLOCK 


S 


*10. 


MAY 

CHICKS 

EGGS  FOR 

HATCHING 

Special  Price  on  LARGE 


100 

*  0»ioo 


on  LAKGt  ORDERS 

All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100% 
State  Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube  Agglut.  TOL- 
MAN’S  CHICKS  famous  for  RAPID  GROWTH. 
EARLY  MATURITY.  Profitable  EGG  YIELD. 
Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters  or 
market  eggs.  Send  for  FREE  Circular. 

1  SPECIALIZE  ONE  BREED.  ONE 
GRADE  at  ONE  PRICE. 

Dept.  B. 


JOSEPH 


TOLMAN 


ROCKLAND 

MASS. 


SEXED  PULLETS 

R.  O.  P  SIRED 

Leghorns  -  New  Hantpshires 
Rocks  -  Reds  -  Crossbreds 
Hatched  from  Pullorum  Clean  Breeders 


Guarantee  Protects  Yru.  Early  Order  Discount. 

Write  for  Catalog  and  Prices. 
TAYLOR'S  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  LIBERTY,  N.  Y. 


Your  Profits  will  show  you  the  difference!  15,000 
Breeders  N.  H.-U.  S.  Approved  and  Pullorum 
Ciean  New  Hampshires  and  Crossbreds.  Write 
MOUL’S  BRENTWOOD  POULTRY  FARMS, 
Box  A,  Exeter,  N.  H. 


New  Hampshire  Reds  or  Rock  Red  Cross 

Chicks  from  northern  grown  hardy  stock.  Tested  100% 
clean  for  B.  W.  D.  $12  per  1 00.  Free  circular. 

RED  GATE  FARM,  Newport,  New  Hampshire 


SHIRK’S  QUALITY  CHICKS 


From  Blood  Tested  Breeders.  Electric  Hatched. 
PULLETS  GUARANTEED  95%  Unsex.  Pul'ts  Ckls. 

Will  Ship  Cash  or  C.O.D.  100  100  100 

Large  Type  White  Leghorns - $9.50  $17.00  $2.00 

Bar.  &  Wh.  Rocks,  R.  I.  Reds _ 10.00  13.00  9.00 

Red-Rock  &  Rock-Red  Cross - 10.00  13.00  9.00 

New  Hampshire  Reds  (Direct) - 12.00  17.00  9.00 

Heavy  Mixed  - 8.00  10.00  7.00 


We  specialize  in  one  grade  and  one  price  as  all  our 
breeders  are  bred  up  to  one  quality,  outstanding  size 
and  egg  production.  Order  direct  from  ad  or  write  for 
FREE  Catalog  giving  full  information  of  our  breeders 
and  hatchery.  All  chicks  shipped  prepaid.  Guar.  100% 
live  delivery.  Hatches  Tuesdays  and  Thursdays. 
SHIRK’S  HATCHERY, 

H.  C.  Shirk.  Prop.,  Box  AA.  Route  2,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


ya/£eAj  Clu/x\ 


VIM-VIGOR-VITALITY 


CASH  OR  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Ckls. 

SPECIAL  MATING  HANSON  STR.  100  109  100 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS - $10.00  $18.00  - 

Large  English  S.  C.  Wh.  Leghorns  9.00  16.00  $2.00 

Bar.  &  Wh.  Rocks,  R.  I.  Reds -  9.00  12.00  8.00 

Red-Rock  Cross  &  Rock-Red  Cross  10.00  13.00  8.00 

Neu  Hampshire  Reds  Special  AAA  12.00  16.00  8.00 

Heavy  Mixed  $8.-100.  Heavy  Broiler '  Ckls.  (our  selec¬ 
tion)  $7.-100.  All  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Post-Paid. 
Sexing  guaranteed  95%  accurate.  Order  direct  from 
adv.  or  write  for  FREE  actual  photo  catalog  giving  full 
information  of  our  Breeders  and  Breeding  Program. 
Chester  Valley  Hatchery,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


STONEY  RUN  CHICKS 

Cash  or  C.O.D.  100%  live  STR.  PLTS.  CKLS 

Delivery  Guaranteed.  100  100  100 

English  White  Leghorns - $  9.00  $16.00  $2.00 

DIRECT  HANSON  WH.  LEGHORNS  1 1.00  18.00  3.00 

Bar.  Wh.  Rocks  &  R.  I.  Reds _ 10.00  12.00  .8.00 

Special  N.  H.  Reds _  13.00  1  7.00  8.00 


Write  for  our  1942  Catalog  for  details  of  our  15  yrs. 
breeding  program  that  makes  more  money  for  our  large 
family  of  Poultry  Raisers.  All  Breeders  Bloodtested. 
RESERVE  Your  Chicks  Today. 

ST-GNEY  RUN  HATCHERY. 

H.  M.  Leister,  Owner,  Box  A,  MCALISTERVILLE,  PA. 


QUALITY  CHICKS 


Hatch Tue.  &Tbur.  100%  L.  Del.  P.D.  Non-Sex  Pit’s  Ckl’s 


Pullets  95%  Accurate  guar.  100  100  100 

i  Large  Type  White  Leghorns - -$  9.50  $17.00  $2.00 

B.  <fe  W.  ltox.  It.  I.  Reds,  Rox-Red  Cr.  10.00  13.00  9.00 

j  Special  Bred  N.  H.  Reds -  13.00  17.00  9.00 

H  Mix  $9-100.  All  Breeders  BLOOD  TESTED.  Antigen 
method.  Catalog  FREE.  Write.  McA  LISTER  VI  LLE 
HATCHERY,  Box  20,  MCALISTERVILLE,  PA. 


£~~<  T  y  »  .  Barred  Rock — White  Rock— 

'  O  J.  3^  New  Hampshire  Reds  and 

White  Leghorns.  Day  old  and  started.  All  from  State 
culled  and  tube  tested  breeders.  Hatching  weekly. 

WEST  DENTON  HATCHERY 

DENTON,  MARYLAND 


TURKEYS 

mini  ITV  Dfllll  TC  5  Best  Breeds.  Blood  Tested 
IJUhLI  I  I  rUUL  I  O  Breeders.  Priced  Reasonable 
Circular.  SEIDELTON  FARMS,  Washingtonville,  Pa, 


fHIflfC.  TOM  BARRON  WHITE  LEGHORNS. 
L.11IL.IVO.  SURPRISINGLY  LOW  PRICES. 
WHITE  LEGHORN  FARMS,  Box  A,  RICHFIELD.  PA. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  yon  SO 

it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


(246)  20 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 


TENTH  *  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  ★  GRANGE  ★  CONTEST 


ORANGE  BREAD 

Statiti  tka  Month 

By  MABEL  HEBEL 


FOR  THE  PAST  ten  years 
the  New  York  State  Grange 
and  American  Agriculturist 
have  been  partners  in  spon¬ 
soring  an  annual  state-wide 
baking  contest  for  Grangers.  Bread  has 
been  chosen  for  this  year’s  competition 
because  we  expect  that  good  home¬ 
made  bread  will  be  an  essential  part 
of  the  home  defense  program.  With  de¬ 
livery  services  and  trips  to  town  af¬ 
fected  by  the  need  to  save  gas,  oil,  and 
tires,  every  homemaker  will  be  look¬ 
ing  for  more  and  more  ways  to  make 


her  home  self-sufficient,  and  home¬ 
made  bread  is  certainly  going  to  be  one 
of  the  answers  to  that  problem. 

This  contest  will  be  conducted  exact¬ 
ly  like  similar  ones  in  the  past,  except 
for  two  things: 

1.  In  the  past,  instructions  and  score 
cards  have  been  mailed  by  us  to  each 
Subordinate  Grange.  This  year,  copies 
of  this  announcement  will  be  sent  only 
to  the  Chairmen  of  County  Service  and 
Hospital  Committees,  who  will  in  turn 
send  one  to  each  Subordinate  Chair¬ 
man  in  her  county,  with  a  blank  for 


reporting  the  name  of  the  first  prize 
winner  of  the  Subordinate  contest. 

2.  There  will  be  no  score  cards  for 
contestants  to  fill  out  this  year.  The 
only  score  card  will  be  the  one  print¬ 
ed  on  this  page.  It  is  for  the  conven¬ 
ience  of  the  judges,  and  should  be  sav¬ 
ed  for  this  purpose  by  the  person  in 
charge  of  the  contest. 

We  are  making  these  changes  as  a 
war-time  measure  to  cut  the  cost  of 
conducting  the  contest. 

Mrs.  Lee  Husted  of  Red  Hook,  N. 
Y.,  Chairman  of  the  State  Service  and 
Hospitality  Committee,  is  in  charge  of 
the  contest  and  will  be  assisted  by  all 
Pomona  and  Subordinate  Service  and 
Hospitality  committee  chairmen,  and 
by  Mrs.  Mabel  Hebei  of  American 
Agriculturist.  As  usual,  there  will  be  a 
series  of  three  contests — local,  county, 
and  state.  Subordinate  Granges  will 
hold  theirs  first,  starting  this  month. 
First  prize  winners  in  these  local  con¬ 
tests  will  then  compete  later  with  each 
other  in  Pomona  contests.  In  the  final 
State  Contest,  to  be  held  during  State 
Grange  Session  next  December,  the 
fifty-three  county  champion  breadmak¬ 
ers  will  match  loaves  to  see  who  wins 
the  title  of  State  Champion. 

Prizes 

Twenty  cash  prizes,  totalling  $60.00, 
are  again  offered  this  year  by  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist  to  State  Contest  win¬ 
ners.  They  will  be  awarded  as  follows: 


First  Prize  . $25.00 

Second  . 10.00 

Third  . - .  5.00 

Fourth  .  3.00 

Fifth  .  2.00 

Sixth  to  Twentieth  .  1.00  each 


Besides  these  cash  prizes,  there  will 
be  many  attractive  merchandise  prizes 
awarded  to  both  State  and  Pomona 
contestants  and  winners  by  American 
Agriculturist  advertisers.  Watch  for  a 
list  of  these  prizes  in  an  early  issue 
of  this  paper. 

Just  to  give  you  some  idea  of  the 
pleasure  and  profit  which  await  the 
state  winner  of  this  contest,  here  is 
brief  mention  of  prizes  awarded  to  last 
year’s  winner,  Mrs.  Hazel  Badham  of 
Lake  George:  $25.00  in  cash;  a  hand¬ 
some  Kalamazoo  coal  and  wood  range; 
ten  different  G.L.F.  family  foods;  a 
49-lb.  sack  of  Occident  Family  Flour; 
a  large  can  of  Davis  Baking  Powder, 
Cocomalt,  a  cookbook  and  roll  of  wax¬ 
ed  paper  from  R.  B.  Davis  Co.;  a  Gen¬ 
eral  Foods  jelly  making  kit;  a  10-lb. 
can  of  meat  salt  and  a  butcher  knife 
from  International  Salt  Co.;  and  a  two- 
months  supply  of  Maca  Yeast  from 
Northwestern  Yeast  Co.  And  that’s  just 
what  the  top  winner  in  the  1941  con¬ 
test  got!  Nine  runners-up  in  the  state 
contest  did  almost  as  well,  and  Pomona 


winners  also  received  their  share  of 
prizes. 

Contest  Rules 

There  are  only  two  rules.  Here  they 
are: 

1.  Contest  is  open  to  every  Granger 
(man  or  woman)  in  New  York  State, 
except  those  who  are  professional 
bakers. 

2.  Each  contestant  is  to  enter  one 
loaf  of  white  yeast  bread,  baked  in  a 
single  loaf  tin  about  9x4x4.  These 
measurements  are  only  approximate. 
Pan  may  be  somewhat  larger  or  smal¬ 
ler. 

Ilow  to  Conduct  Contest 

For  the  benefit  of  Service  and  Hos¬ 
pitality  Committee  chairmen  who  will 
have  charge  of  the  Subordinate 
Grange  contests,  we  are  printing  the 
following  suggestions: 

1.  Set  an  early  date  for  your  con¬ 
test,  announce  it  at  your  next  Grange 
meeting,  and  put  a  notice  in  your  local 
paper  about  it. 

2.  Choose  judges  and  arrange  with 
local  merchants  for  prizes.  As  stated 
above,  only  prizes  for  Pomona  and 
State  Contests  are  donated  by  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist  and  our  advertisers. 

3.  Have  judges  score  entries  accord¬ 
ing  to  standards  of  the  Score  Card 
printed  on  this  page.  If  there  is  a  Home 
Economics  expert  among  the  judges, 
invite  her  to  give  a  short  talk  in  con¬ 
nection  with  the  contest,  to  explain 
what  means  success  or  failure  in  mak¬ 
ing  bread.  This  could  be  done  right 
after  the  judging,  before  winners  are 
announced. 

4.  After  contest  is  over,  fill  out  the 
report  blank  which  you  will  have  re¬ 
ceived  from  your  county  chairman  with 
this  announcement,  and  mail  it  to  Mrs. 
Mabel  Hebei,  American  Agriculturist , 
Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Be  sure  to  write 
plainly  the  name  of  winner,  her  ad¬ 
dress,  county,  and  Grange.  Naffies  of 
all  first  prize  winners  will  be  printed 
in  American  Agriculturist. 

5.  For  refreshments  on  bread  con¬ 
test  night,  serve  some  of  the  delicious 
homemade  bread  that  will  surely  be 
entered  in  your  contest,  and  provide 
spreads  of  farm  butter,  honey  or  maple 
syrup.  Announce  it  ahead  of  time,  and 
watch  the  Grange  brothers  turn  out 
for  the  event! 

We  hope  that  thousands  of  you 
Grangers  will  bake  bread  for  this  in¬ 
teresting  and  educational  contest.  Even 
if  you  have  never  baked  a  loaf  of 
bread,  now  is  the  time  to  start,  when 
you  can  have  the  fun  of  competing  with 
other  Grangers  and  the  chance  of  win¬ 
ning  valuable  prizes.  The  number  of 
contestants  last  year  reached  the 
4,000  mark.  Let’s  see  if  we  can  beat 
that  this  year! 


YEAST  BREAD  SCORE  CARD 


Perfect 

Score 


Judge’s 

Score 


GENERAL  APPEARANCE 
Size 
Shape 


5 

5 


Color 

5 

Texture: 

5 

a.  crisp 

2 

b.  tender 

2 

c.  smooth 

1 

Thickness 

5 

CRUMB  . 

Lightness 

10 

Texture 

a.  fine  and  uniform 

30 

grain 

10 

b.  elastic 

10 

c.  moist 

5 

d.  tender 

5 

Color 

5 

FLAVOR  . 

Taste 

15 

Odor 

15 

Total  . 

10 


15 


45 


30 


100 


STANDARDS  FOR  SCORING 

SIZE:  Each  contestant  is  to  enter  one  loaf  of  white  bread,  baked  in 
single  loaf  tin  about  9x4x4  in.  (These  measurements  are  only 
approximate.  Pan  may  be  somewhat  smaller  or  larger.) 

SHAPE:  Oblong  loaf.  Rounded  top,  with  ends  about  same  height 
as  middle  of  loaf.  Loaf  should  fill  out  corners  of  pan. 

CRUST:  Top  and  bottom  of  loaf  should  be  uniform  golden  brown. 
Sides  of  loaf  lighter  in  color.  Texture:  tender,  crisp  (not 
steamy  nor  too  dry  and  hard);  smooth  (not  bubbly  or  lumpy); 
about  in.  thick. 

CRUMB  (inside  of  loaf):  Lightness  —  well  raised,  equally  light 
throughout,  no  heavy  spots  or  streaks,  not  heavy  for  size.  Tex- 
ure:  cells  (grain)  small  and  uniform  in  size  throughout.  Elastic 
when  slightly  pressed  with  finger  (springy  not  doughy).  Slight¬ 
ly  moist  (not  dried  out  from  too  much  flour,  over-baking,  or 
staleness).  Tender.  Color — creamy  white  (not  snowy  white). 

FLAVOR:  No  suggestion  of  sourness  or  yeast  in  odor  or  taste. 
Moderately  flavored  as  to  salt  and  sugar.  No  flavor  of  un¬ 
desirable  fat  on  crust. 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 


21  (247) 


BE  TRIM  —  BE  NEAT 

—  Build  Mosuzle 

All-purpose  frock  no.  2570  has 

not  a  fussy  feature  about  it,  yet 
is  soft  and  becoming  when  made  in 
crepe  or  in  small  patterned  or  big 
splashy  designs.  Or  dress  up  a  plain 
color  with  ornamental  buttons  down 
the  front  and  a  crisp  collar.  Sizes  16 
to  50.  Size  36,  3%  yds.  39-in.  fabric 
with  %  yd.  39-in.  contrasting. 

The  indispensable  dregs  that  looks 
like  a  suit  is  shown  in  PATTERN  No. 
3212.  Crepes,  wools  and  cottons  all 
shine  in  this  style  and  it  is  grand  for 
spun  rayons.  Sizes  12  to  40.  Size  16, 
with  bias-cut  skirt,  3%  yards  39-in. 
fabric, 

Charming  basque  frock  PATTERN 
No.  3134  has  snug-fitted  waistline  and 
full  gathered  skirt,  delightful  for  fig¬ 
ured,  party  frock  materials,  yet  simple 
enough  for  cottons  and  daytime  wear. 
_  For  plain  colors,  gay  South  American 
1  embroidery  bandings  would  lend  a 


A 


“You’d  better  have  it  fixed  by 
9text  Saturday  or  go  without  your 

a foower!” 


IMMORTALITY 

By  Eleanor  Alletta  Chaffee. 

When  at  the  turning  of  the  year 
I  saw  a  snowdrop  lift 
Its  fragile  head  above  the  hard 
And  frozen  winter  drift, 

I  felt  the  flower  of  faith  strike  root 
Within  my  heart,  and  heard 
From  lost  horizons  I  once  knew, 

The  swift  song  of  a  bird. 

Thus  did  the  immortality 
Of  hope  and  courage  flower, 

And  I  of  all  became  a  part 
In  one  brief  springtime  hour. 


bright  touch.  Sizes  12  to  20.  Size  16,. 
2%  yds.  39-in.  with  2  yds.  binding. 

Popular  complete  ensemble  for  tots 
is  represented  in  PATTERN  No.  3494, 
composed  of  hat,  coat  and  dress.  Mix 
or  match  colors  in  this  sweet  outfit. 
Pattern  sizes  are  1,  2,  3  and  4  years. 
Size  2,  for  coat  and  hat,  1%  yds.  54-in. 
fabric;  for  dress,  iy2  yds.  35-in.  fabric 
with  Vi  yd.  35-in.  contrasting  and  1  yd. 
ruffling. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address, 
pattern  size  and  number  clearly  and 
enclose  15c  in  stamps.  Address  Pat¬ 
tern  Dept.,  American  Agriculturist ,  10 
North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 
Add  12c  for  a  copy  of  our  new  spring 
fashion  catalog. 

— a  a. — 

MENDING  LESSON  No.  3 
Tailor’s  Patch 

By  MILDRED  CARNEY, 
Cornell  Clothing  Specialist. 

THIS  PATCH  may  be  used  for  re¬ 
pairing  wool  suits,  top  coats,  or 
other  articles. 

1.  Cut  the  hole  square  or  oblong  on 
a  thread  of  the  material. 

2.  Baste  the  article  to  a  piece  of 
heavy  paper. 

3.  Cut  the  patch  the  exact  size  and 
shape  of  the  hole,  observing  pattern 
or  design  of  the  cloth. 

4.  Baste  the  patch  in  place  with  the 
threads  running  the  same  way  as  in 


the  garment  and  with  the  pattern  or 
weave  matching. 


5.  Then  with  fine  ravellings  of  the 
material  or  fine  thread,  darn  back  and 
forth  in  the  same  direction  as  the 
thread  of  the  material.  The  stitches 
should  be  small  and  should  extend  far 
enough  into  the  garment  and  the  patch 
to  make  the  repair  secure.  Sometimes 
a  thin  piece  of  fabric,  or  a  piece  of  net, 
may  be  put  on  the  under  side  for 
strength.  If  a  piece  of  material  is 
used,  the  darning  stitches  should  go 
through  the  reinforcement. 

If  the  material  is  heavy  enough,  the 
darning  thread  may  be  run  through 
the  center  of  the  material  on  both  the 
patch  and  the  garment  (that  is, 
through  the  center  of  each  yarn  of  the 
material  and  across  the  slit  to  a  yarn 
at  the  other  side).  This  is  called 
“stoting”  and  if  well  done  makes  an  in¬ 
visible  mend. 

6.  Press. 


v — r  w  v  w  t  ms  a 

CONSERVE  FUEL! 


★  ★★★★★★★★ 


Our  Government  asks  everyone  to  save 
fuel  and  fuel  conservation  starts  with 
modernization.  An  effective  heating 
system  will  burn  less  fuel  and  give  better 
results  with  lower  maintenance.  The 
small  difference  in  price  between  a  good 
and  poor  heating  plant  is  quickly  saved 
through  lower  fuel  bills.  It  pays  to  have 
a  good  heating  system. 

Repair  for  Defense 

If  you  are  able  to  repair  your  heating  system  to 
put  it  in  good  working  order,  the  Government 
urges  you  to  do  so.  If  not,  however,  now  is  the 
time  to  install  a  good  heating  system  to  assure 
yourself  of  heating  comfort  for  years  to  come. 
• 

Consult  Your  Local  Dealer 


UTICA  Boilers  and 
Radiators  are  efficient 
and  economical. 


Your  local  dealer,  who  is  our  representative,  is 
best  able  to  serve  you  and  he  will  be  glad  to 
inspect  your  heating  plant  and  give  you  a  free 
estimate  of  the  cost  of  repairs  or  replacement. 
A  generous  time-payment  plan  is  still  available 
with  a  moderate  down  payment,  eighteen 
months  to  pay  and  small  monthly  payments. 

UTICA  RADIATOR 

CORPORATION 

UTICA,  N.  Y. 


CHEER  UP  YOUR  HOME  $ 

With  Wall  Paper  j 

<9 


You  never  saw  such  a  variety  of  de¬ 
lightful  wallpapers — patterns  bold  or 
dainty,  colors  gay  or  restful  —  all  in 
our  big  new  catalog  with  same  large 
samples,  unusual  borders,  low  prices. 
Our  best  catalog  in  years — more  dec¬ 
orating  hints,  too. 

PENN  WALL  PAPER  MILLS 
Dept.  76  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


fi/OW- 

$  OUNCES  tOt, 
IZ  OUNCES  tSt 
Z4  ounces  25k 


•  New  Davis  Cook 
Book  makes  baking 
sure  and  simple  with 
21  Master  Pattern 
Baking  Formulas. 
80  pages  beautifully 
illustrated.  Yours 
for  10c  and  a  label 
from  a  can  of  Davis, 
Baking  Powder. 


DAVIS 

COOK  BOOK 

R.  B.  Davis  Co.,  Hoboken,  N.J. 

I  enclose  10c  and  label  from 
a  can  of  Davis  Baking  Powder 
for  my  copy  of  Davis  Master 
Pattern  Baking  Formulas. 


State 


HOTEL  GREAT  NORTHERN 

Centrally  located  in  midtown 
New  York.  Near  Radio  City, 
theatres,  fine  shops.  Large  com¬ 
fortable  and  attractive  c. 

ROOM  AND  BATH  from 
AAA  Hotel.  Garage  ad¬ 
joins  our  111  West  56th 
St.  entrance.  Folder.  per  pay. 

118  WEST  57th  ST.,  NEW  YORK 


FALSE  TEETH 


AS  LOW  AS  $7.95 

Per  Plate,  DENTAL  PLATES 
are  made  in  our  own  laboratory 
from  your  personal  impression. 
Our  workmanship  and  material 
GUARANTEED  or  purchase  price  refunded.  We  take  this 
risk  on  our  60-day  trial  offer.  DO  NOT  SEND  ANY  MONEY] 
MAIL  POST  CARD  for  FREE  Material  and  Catalog  of  our 
LOW  PRICES.  DON’T  PUT  IT  OFF  — Write  us  TODAY! 

BRIGHTON  -  THOMAS  DtNTaL  LABORATORY 
Dept.  1198  6217  S.  Halstead  Street,  Chicago,  III. 


Niagara  Falls 
Invites  You  ! 


For  a  vacation  trip  —  or 
enroute  to  Canada — plan  to 
spend  a  few  days  in  the 
wonderland  of  America. 

Your  stay  will  be  made 
more  pleasant  by  the  splen¬ 
did  appointments  of  Hotel 
Niagara,  a  community  owned 
and  operated  hotel  located 
right  in  the  heart  of  every¬ 
thing. 


Write  for 
Folder  and 
Bates. 

MOTEL 


•  *  .( 


NIAGARAgjfo^’ 


Langford  H.  Vanderslice,  Mgr. 
NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 


(248)  22 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 


even  an  "Amateur"  can  make 


Everything  Here 


Actual  cost  of  all 
ingredients ,  using  nationally 
advertised  brands. 


MADE  ALL  AT  ONCE 
-BAKED  FRESH  ON 
SEPARATE  DAYS 

Small  families  may 
bake  part  at  a  time  — 
keep  balance  of  dough 
in  ice  box.  For  complete 
recipe  and  method 
write  Northwestern 
Yeast  Co.,  Dept.  AA- 4, 
1750  N.  Ashland  Ave., 
Chicago,  Illinois. 


Think  OF  IT !  You  can  now  put  tempt¬ 
ing  new  excitement  in  every  meal  and 
actually  save  money  as  you  do  it !  Here, 
certainly,  is  good  news— especially  if  you 
have  been  disturbed  by  climbing  food 
prices. 

Baking  at  home  is  the  answer.  And 
don't  think  that  you  can't  make  delicious 
rolls,  buns  and  coffee  cake,  because  you 
are  not  experienced  at  baking.  Even  an 
"amateur”  can  make  these  savings— bak¬ 
ing  with  Hi-Speed  Maca  Yeast  and  using 
modern  methods  and  ideas  to  get  a  glori¬ 
ous  variety  of  wholesome,  taste-teasing 
baked  goods.  And  just  watch  your  family 
"go  for”  them. 


With  Hi-Speed  Maca  Yeast,  modern 
housewives  have  eliminated  the  old-time 
fuss  and  bother  from  home  baking.  Maca 
works  fast— yet  it  keeps  without  refrigera¬ 
tion!  By  keeping  a  handy  supply  on  the 
pantry  shelf  you  can  bake  any  time  you 
wish !  And  Maca  gives  delightful  old- 
fashioned  flavor  to  bakings—adding  dis¬ 
tinctive  deliciousness  to  the  nourishing 
"substance”  so  characteristic  of  the 
things  baked  at  home. 

Start  using  this  money-saving  idea 
soon.  Bake  at  home  with  Maca.  See  what 
a  thrill  it  brings  when  your  family  starts 
giving  you  their  best  compliments.  Get 
Maca  Yeast  at  your  grocer’s. 


ASK  FOR  MACA!  Most  grocers  have 
Maca  Yeast  or  can  get  it  quickly.  Insist 
on  getting  genuine  Maca. 

Fast-Acting -Quick-Rising— Granular 
KEEPS  WITHOUT  REFRIGERATION 


that  you  saw  the 
product  advertised  in 

American  Agriculturist 

when  calling  on  3mur  local  dealer 


VICTOR  L.  JORDAN 


“In  July  1935  I  subscribed  for  the  Am¬ 
erican  Agriculturist.  Had  not  received  many 
copies  before  I  made  up  my  mind  I  would 
like  to  have  more  homes  have  this  same 
American  Agriculturist. 

“In  August  1935  I  got  the  chance  to  go 
out  and  sell  the  paper  and  have  never  been 
sorry.  It  has  been  a  pleasure  to  work  for 
the  organization  —  wonderful  people  putting 
out  a  really  wonderful  magazine.” 

V.  L.  Jordan, 

Mechanic  Falls,  Me. 


American  Agriculturist  is  dedicated  to 
help  win  this  war  by  helping  farmers  pro¬ 
duce  more  food  —  if  you  would  like  to 
help  by  explaining  our  services,  write: 

E.  C.  WEATHERBY,  Secretary, 
American  Agriculturist, 

Savings  Bank  Building,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


BUY  DEFENSE  BONDS 


j 


9a  Qieaeiaad 

THE  HOLLENDEN 

9a  CovLtmlmd 

THE  NEIL  HOUSE 

9a  Abdoa 

THE  MAYFLOWER 

9a  Aaocadien.,  0. 

THE  LANCASTER 

9a  Cosiaiacf,  J\l.  If. 

THE  BARON  STEUBEN 

MHKB  (D eW'U Xs'uiH 


: 

■  t-  ;  <?>■; 


PenA&wol  ptialUemA, 

Wait  ’Till  You’re  Sure 

Dear  Lucile :  I  went  with  Ted  steady 
for  over  a  year  until  last  June.  He  is  a 
very  good  fellow,  except  for  drinking  in¬ 
toxicating  liquors.  He  doesn’t  drink 
often,  but  we  used  to  have  quarrels  over 
it.  We  thought  a  lot  of  each  other. 

I  met  a  fellow  by  the  name  of  Tim 
whom  I  was  very  interested  in  and  so  I 
stopped  going  with  Ted  last  June  and 
have  been  going  with  Tim  ever  since.  Tim 
is  three  years  older  than  Ted,  and  may 
be  drafted  in  the  army  any  time.  Tim 
doesn’t  drink  nor  smoke.  I  have  had  the 
chance  to  marry  either  next  spring.  I 
can’t  possibly  forget  Ted  even  though  I 
try.  It  makes  me  have  a  feeling  I  still 
love  Ted.  I  really  love  both  and  do  not 
know  which  one  I  love  most.  Should  I 
go  back  to  Ted  or  keep  on  going  with 
Tim  and  marry  either  one  next  spring? — 
Helen. 

My  very  best  advice  to  you  is  not' 
to  marry  one  so  long  as  you  feel  you 
love  the  other  just  as  much.  You 
don’t  say  how  old  you  are,  but  my 
guess  would  be  that  you’re  young 
enough  to  wait  until  you  have  met 
other  young  men  who  might  make  you 
decide  you  hadn’t  really  cared  for 
either  Tim  or  Ted.  Better  not  rush 
into  anything  you’ll  be  sorry  for.  Wait 
until  you’re  sure  in  your  own  mind. 

*  *  * 

I  Can’t  Explain  It 


The  Amateur  Poet’s 
Corner 


Because  of  the  number  of  contributions 
sve  do  not  return  poems  not  published 
Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

The  limit  in  length  is  sixteen  (16)  lines, 
and  each  poem  submitted  for  this  corner 
must  be  original  and  the  work  of  an 
amateur  poet.  Therefore,  when  sending 
in  a  poem,  be  sure  to  state  whether  you 
are  the  author  of  it.  $2.00  will  be  paid 
for  each  one  printed.  Check  will  be  mail¬ 
ed  on  or  about  the  first  day  of  month 
following  publication. 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist .  P  O  Box  367.  Tthaca,  N.  Y. 

ANOTHER  SPRING 

Another  spring,  another  moon, 
Another  apple  tree.  .  .  . 

The  years,  though  vanished  all  too  soon, 
Have  brought  you  back  to  me. 

Another  spring,  and  Mother  Earth 
Removes  her  snowy  coat, 

Then  with  a  touch  of  bubbling  mirth 
Pins  violets  at  her  throat. 

The  tangy  air,  the  gentle  stream 
From  icy  grasp  released.  .  .  . 

All  life  awakens  from  a  dream 
To  find  its  joy  increased. 

And  when  I  see  you  standing  there 
Fond  memories  still  cling, 

Though  winter’s  snow  is  in  your  hair, 
There  was  another  spring. 

— Mary  E.  Linton, 
Kansas  City,  Mo. 


Dear  Lucile :  Do  you  think  that  when  a 
woman  is  married  twenty-five  years  that 
it  is  time  she  had  a  home  of  her  own  to 
keep  and  enjoy? 

My  husband  and  I  have  boarded  with 
my  mother,  sister  and  other  boarders  all 
these  years.  For  several  years  he  has 
promised  me  that  we  would  build  our  own 
home  and  every  year  it  would  be,  “Well, 
next  year  we  will  build.”  This  spring  we 
had  our  plans  for  a  home,  things  picked 
out  to  buy,  then  on  my  birthday  he  said 
he  would  not  build  a  home. 

I  have  helped  him  in  his  business  and 
worked  with  him,  never  spent  money  on¬ 
ly  for  things  that  were  really  needed, 
thinking  that  soon  we  would  be  by  our¬ 
selves  in  our  own  home.  Then  this  dis¬ 
appointment  came.  It  isn’t  that  he  can’t 
afford  a  home.  We  own  two  houses  that 
we  rent. 

What  is  your  advice?  Would  you 
leave  him  to  do  as  he  pleases,  or  just 
continue  as  I  have  for  the  past  twenty- 
five  years.  I  have  lost  all  faith  in  him. 
— Homeless . 

Much  as  I  appreciate  your  longing 
for  a  home  of  your  own,  I  am  afraid 
there  is  very  little  advice  I  can  give 
you  on  how  to  make  your  husband  give 
you  one. 

I  do  not  understand  the  situation. 
Are  you  sure  there  are  no  serious  draw¬ 
backs  that  would  keep  him  from  be¬ 
coming  interested  in  setting  up  a  sep¬ 
arate  home  of  his  own?  My  thought 
was  that  perhaps  you  have  become  so 
heart-set  on  having  one,  that  you  have 
shut  your  eyes  and  ears  to  good 
reasons  he  may  have  for  not  provid¬ 
ing  same. 

At  any  rate,  I  cannot  see  where  you 
would  better  your  situation  any  by 
leaving  him.  You  would  not  have  eith¬ 
er  home  or  husband,  then. 

*  *  * 

Try  Patience,  First 

Dear  Lucile :  I  have  been  married  three 
months  to  a  man  four  years  older  than 
I  whom  I  have  known  eight  months.  I 
met  him  in  December  and  he  persuaded 
me  to  quit  school  and  marry  him  in  May. 
We  are  living  on  a  120  acre  farm.  My 
husband  does  not  smoke  or  drink  and 
does  not  go  out  with  other  women  and 
is  a  hard  worker  and  a  good  supporter. 

But  he  has  lied  to  me  many  times 
about  very  important  circumstances.  He 
rarely  speaks  unless  he  is  directly  ad¬ 
dressed,  and  then  very  often  he  will  not 
answer.  He  never  compliments  me  or  says 
a  kind  word.  He  is  quick  tempered  and 
when  angered  he  says  very  heart-break¬ 
ing  things. 

He  never  kisses  me  or  puts  his  arms 
around  me  unless  I  beg  him  to. 

Before  we  were  married,  he  was  very 


affectionate.  He  took  me  anywhere  1  de¬ 
sired  to  go  and  bought  me  many  beautiful 
gifts.  What  should  I  do?  I  love  him  very 
much  and  do  not  wish  to  be  separated 
from  him. — Young  Wife. 

I  have  never  been  able  to  under¬ 
stand  why  so  many  men  seem  to 
change  into  entirely  different  people 
after  marriage.  It  seems  that  some 
take  the  stand  that  a  wife  is  a  piece 
of  property  and  should  not  expect  or 
receive  any  special  consideration.  It 
may  be  your  bad  luck  to  have  married 
a  man  who  has  that  idea. 

In  such  a  case,  I  do  not  know  what 
you  could  do  other  than  just  be  patient 
and  hope  that  by  loving  example  you 
can  lead  him  into  a  different  way  of 
thinking.  Certainly  you  would  not 
want  to  start  out,  a  bride  of  three 
months,  on  a  vicious  campaign  of  nag¬ 
ging  your  husband  which  would  surely 
turn  him  against  you.  I  do  think, 
however,  that  you  could  talk  to  him 
reasonably  and  point  out  how  unhappy 
his  thoughtlessness  can  cause  you  to 
be.  Sometimes  selfish,  self-centered 
people  can  be  made  to  see  the  view¬ 
point  of  others,  but  sometimes  they 
never  do  and  in  such  cases,  those  who 
must  live  with  them  have  very  un¬ 
pleasant  going. 


AUNT  JANET’S 


A-auadite  (lecipe 

To  satisfy  the  family’s  craving 
for  salad,  why  not  try  this  one 
which  also  makes  use  of  honey 
in  its  dressing? 

Surprise  Salad 

I  cup  finely  grated  '/i  cup  raisins,  plump- 
raw  carrots  ed 

Vi  cup  very  finely  I  cup  grated  or  diced 

diced  celery  apple 

Mix,  add  enough  honey  French 
dressing  to  moisten  and  serve  on 
nests  of  lettuce. 

Honey  French  Dressing 


Vi  cup  salad  oil 
'A  cup  honey 
2  teaspoons  salt 
I  teaspoon  mustard 
powder 


2  teaspoons  paprika 
Va  cup  vinegar 
2  tablespoons  catsup 
2  tablespoons  lemon 
juice 


Blend  honey  with  dry  ingredi¬ 
ents,  add  catsup  and  lemop  juice 
and  then  vinegar  and  oil.  Beat 
well  with  egg  beater.  Yield:  IVz 


cups. 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 


23  (  249) 


We  Are  What  We  Eat 


( Continued  from  Page  1) 


a  member  of  the  staff  of  the  Nutrition 
Laboratory,  showed  us  a  soil  map  of 
the  United  States,  and  pointed  out  the 
close  relationship  between  certain  de¬ 
ficiencies  in  soil  and  the  health  of  the 
livestock  and  the  people  who  live  on 
the  soil.  For  example,  in  certain  areas  of 
sandy  soil  in  Florida,  there  is  a  de¬ 
ficiency  in  iron,  with  the  result  that 

some  40  per  cent  of  the  people  who 
live  on  that  soil  and  eat  its  products 
are  anemic.  Greens  raised  on  these 

particular  areas  have  only  about  one- 
fifth  as  much  iron  as  those  from  other 
areas  where  the  people  are  healthier. 
People  used  to  think  anemia  was  just 
plain  haziness.  We  know  that  that 
kind  of  laziness  frequently  comes  from 
lack  of  proper  feeding.  Now,  don’t  use 
that  as  an  excuse  for  taking  it  easy! 

I  asked  Dr.  Maynard,  who  has  spent 
many  months  in  China  studying  nu¬ 
trition  problems  there,  how  the  Chinese 
and  the  Japanese  and  many  other  peo¬ 
ple  of  the  world  get  along  without 
milk.  He  said  that  they  don’t  get 
along  too  well,  that  their  length  of  life 
is  short,  and  that  it  is  a  question  of 
the  survival  of  the  fittest.  Only  the 
strong  live.  The  Chinese,  however,  have 
many  special  foods  that  do  contain 
vitamins  and  other  necessary  elements. 

Tomatoes  Vary  in  Food  Value 

Tomatoes,  according  to  Dr.  Mayn¬ 
ard,  vary  greatly  in  food  value.  To¬ 
matoes  grown  outdoors  in  the  sunshine 
are  more  nutritious  than  .the  hothouse 
type.  Tomatoes  grown  in  some  sec¬ 
tions,  as  on  the  high  lands  of  Wyom¬ 
ing,  have  the  highest  amount  of  vita¬ 
min  C.  Some  of  the  vitamins  in  to¬ 
matoes  may  be  lost  in  the  way  they 
are  cooked  and  canned. 

Cauliflower  growers  know  that  some 
soils  are  deficient  in  boron,  and  that 
they  will  not  grow  cauliflower  well  un¬ 
til  a  small  amount  of  this  element  is 
added  to  the  soil.  Apples  grown  on 
soil  lacking  in  boron  are  corky. 

The  milk  from  a  cow  on  pasture  out 
in  the  summer  sunshine  is  higher  in 
vitamin  D  and  more  nutritious  than 
milk  from  a  cow  housed  in  a  stable 
in  the  winter. 

I  said  something  to  one  of  Dr.  Mayn¬ 
ard’s  associates  about  the  small  sized 
cattle  in  Georgia  and  Florida,  and  he 
said  that  a  livestock  grower  travelling 
across  the  southern  part  of  the  United 
States  from  West  to  East,  could  pretty 
nearly  tell  the  state  he  was  in  by  the 
size  of  the  animals.  He  didn’t  say  so, 
but  I  gathered  from  this  that  what 
those  cattle  get  from  the  soil  and  the 
food  raised  on  the  soil  had  much  to  do 


with  their  size. 

All  of  this  adds  up  to  some  definite 
conclusions: 

1 .  In  recent  years  scientists  have 
made  great  advances  in  their  knowl¬ 
edge  of  nutrition. 

2.  As  a  result  of  this  knowledge, 
we  are  able  to  feed  soils,  animals,  and 
man  better  if  we  keep  informed. 

3.  We  know  less  about  human  nu¬ 
trition  than  we  do  about  farm  animal 
nutrition. 

4.  We  have  only  just  scratched  the 
surface  on  any  of  this  food  problem, 
whether  it  relates  to  soil,  animals,  or 
man. 

5.  There  is  infinitely  more  to  learn. 
There  are  still  undoubtedly  unknown 
elements  in  the  soil  and  in  its  products 
that  are  necessary  to  maintain  life  and 
health  in  man  and  animals.  Until  re¬ 
cently,  scientists  have  concentrated  on 
developing  crops  for  high  yields  and 
good  appearance,  but  without  much  at¬ 
tention  to  nutritive  values. 

6.  But  we  are  learning.  There  is 
an  army  of  scientists,  particularly  in 
America,  who  are  working  on  this  nu¬ 
trition  problem  either  from  a  soil  or 
animal  or  human  standpoint  all  of 
the  time.  These  include  the  research 
workers  in  soils,  plants,  home  eco¬ 
nomics,  chemistry.  Many  of  these 
scientists  are  in  the  United  States  Nu¬ 
trition  Laboratory  and  in  Cornell’s 
School  of  Nutrition  here  at  Ithaca. 
Thus  American  Agriculturist  has  easy 
access  to  some  of  the  best  and  latest 
information  on  nutrition  in  the  world. 

7.  Because  good  health  is  so  vitally 
needed  at  all  times,  and  is  so  especially 
important  now  in  this  crisis,  we  of 
American  Agriculturist  have  pledged 
ourselves  to  make  it  one  of  our  main 
jobs  to  get  you  the  latest  and  the  best 
information  on  nutrition,  and  to  get  it 
in  practical,  easy-to-read  fobm,  so  that 
you  can  make  use  of  it.  If  you  will 
work  with  us,  we  will  guarantee  that 
we  can  help  you. 

8.  And  lastly,  if  the  men  of  the 
farm  will  continue  to  study  the  knowl¬ 
edge  which  is  made  available  in  the 
feeding  of  soils,  and  in  the  feeding  of 
plants  and  animals,  agriculture  will 
continue  to  make  the  wonderful  prog¬ 
ress  that  it  has  in  the  last  fifty  years. 
Most  important  of  all,  if  farm  women 
will  continue  to  study  the  information 
which  we  will  give  you  in  American 
Agriculturist,  and  which  you  can  get 
from  home  economics  colleges,  home 
bureaus,  and  other  sources,  the  boys 
and  girls  who  are  now  growing  up 
will  be  a  healthier  and  a  happier  race 
than  we  are.  What  a  challenge! 


1 


O  O 


o 

yCfo\VNSeNpl 


17 


7  don’t  think  it’s  a  leak  in  the  water  pipe  after  all ,  Pa l” 


lady;  if  you 

BAKE  AT  HOME. 
REMEMBER/THE 
ONLY  YEAST  * 
WITH  ALL  THESE 
VITAMINS  IS 

FLEISCHMANN'S 


*  Per  Cake:  Vitamin  A— 2000  Units  (Int.)  Vitamin  Bt— 150 Units  {lnt.) 
Vitamin  D  — 350  Units  (Int.)  Vitamin  G— 40-50  Units  (Sh.  Bour.) 

All  of  these  vitamins  go  right  into  your  bread;  they  are  not  appreciably 
lost  in  the  oven.  Ask  for  Fleischmann’s  Fresh  Yeast — with  the  yellow  label. 


Station  WHAM 
is“Clear  Channel” 


Station  WHAM  at  Rochester,  New  York,  is  a  “clear  channel 
station.”  Do  you  know  what  that  means?  Here’s  the  story 
in  a  nut  shell.  You  receive  radio  programs  by  turning  your 
radio  to  a  certain  point  on  the  dial.  Sometimes  you  hear  more 
than  one  station  operating  at  the  desired  dial-spot  and  that 
ruins  your  listening  pleasure.  In  other  words,  when  two  or 
more  stations  share  the  same  dial-spot,  interference  results 
and  listening  is  garbled.  Station  WHAM  is  “clear  channel.” 
WHAM  alone  operates  at  its  spot  on  the  dial  after  sundown. 
Since  WHAM  has  clear  sailing  on  its  “clear  channel”  listeners 
in  deep  rural  areas  hear  our  programs  free  of  interference. 
WHAM  is  proud  to  serve  rural  America. 

STATION  WHAM 

is  Serving  America 
24  Hours -A- Day 


(250)  24 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 


•  ■ 


THE  FARM  NEWS 


CASH  CROP  GROWERS 
PUZZLED 

THE  following  letter  shows  the 
grave  problem  affecting  western 
New  York  cash  crop  growers  this 
spring : 

“We  have  a  serious  problem  on  our 
hands,  we  think,  relative  to  crops  to  plant 
this  spring;  and  I  believe  we  are  one  of 
many  northeastern  farmers  in  the  same 
dilemma.  We  are  unable  to  get  a  con¬ 
tract  for  canning  factory  peas  because 
we  wanted  to  grow  only  early  peas  and 
the  factory  would  contract  only  equal 
acreages  of  early  and  late.  Red  kidney 
beans,  one  of  our  principal  crops,  are  a 
drug  on  the  market;  and  the  1940  crop 
is  still  in  the  warehouse  unsold. 

“Pea  beans  are  not  suited  to  our  local¬ 
ity  as  we  have  too  much  rain  at  harvest 


I  WGY  Farm  j 

>jj|j|^J  PROGRAMS  j 

Daily  except  Sunday,  12:30  p.  m.  Weath¬ 
er  Report. 

Daily  except  Sunday,  12:31  p.  m.,  N.  Y. 
State  Wholesale  Produce  Markets. 

Daily  exc.  Sat.  and  Sun.,  6:10  p.  m.,  N. 
Y.  City  Wholesale  Produce  Market. 

Monday  only,  12:34  p.  m..  Metropolitan 
Milk  Market  Report. 

This  schedule  subject  to  change  without 
notice. 

Monday,  April  13th 

12:35 — “What  Garden  Vegetables  Shall 
We  Grow?”  Prof.  C.  B.  Raymond. 

12:45 — Parents  on  Trial,  “Mascara  and 
the  Miss,”  Dr.  William  H.  Hartley. 

Tuesday,  April  14th 

12:35 — “Spring  Thoughts  on  Food  Pro¬ 
duction,”  H.  B.  Davis. 

12:45— Homemaker’s  Council,  “What 
Besides  Homemaking  Can  a  Homemaker 
Do?”  Delaware  County  Home  Bureau. 

Wednesday,  April  15th 
12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“The  Farmer’s  Partner  in  Defense,”  Ed 
W.  Mitchell. 

12:45 — Countryside  Talk,  Prof.  Bristow 
Adams. 

Thursday,  April  16th 
12:35 — “Meeting  the  Farm  Labor  Situa¬ 
tion,”  E.  J.  Cook. 

12 :45  —  Agricultural  Adjustment  Ad¬ 
ministration. 

Friday,  April  17th 

12:35 — “Farm  Produce  Prices  and  Why,” 
H.  D.  Phillips. 

12:45 — The  Home  Efficient,  “Shall  It  Be 
Soup  or  Hash?”  Frances  Akin. 

Saturday,  April  18th 
12:35 — WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “I  Believe 
in  Action,”  Delaware  County  (N.  Y.)  4-H 
Clubs. 

12:45 — Grange  Views  and  News,  “Deb¬ 
its  of  Society,”  Warren  Pomona  Grange. 

Monday,  April  20th 

12 :35— “Milkless  Chick  Rations,”  Prof. 
L.  E.  Weaver. 

12:45 — “Rural  Education  in  the  News,” 
Francis  E.  Griffin. 

Tuesday,  April  21st 
12:35 — “The  Agricultural  Front,”  A.  W. 
Manchester. 

12:45 — Homemaker’s  Council,  “Has 
Grandmother  a  Place  in  the  Emergency 
Program?”  Chenango  County  Home  Bu¬ 
reau. 

Wednesday,  April  22nd 
12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“The  Farmer’s  Partner  in  Defense,”  Ed 
W.  Mitchell. 

12 :45— Countryside  Talk,  K.  D.  Scott. 

Thursday,  April  23rd 
12:35— “New  York  State’s  Part  in  Farm 
Defense,”  Clarence  Johnson. 

12 :45 — Surplus  Marketing  Administra¬ 
tion. 

Friday,  April  24th 

12:35 — “The  Department  at  Work,” 
Foster  Potter. 

12 :45 — The  Home  Efficient,  “Dinner  Stir- 
prises  from  the  Bargain  Counter,”  Mar¬ 
jorie  Vanderpool. 

Saturday,  April  25th 
12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “I  Believe 
in  Conservation  of  Resources,”  Benning¬ 
ton  County  (Vt.)  4-H  Clubs. 

12:45 — Grange  Views  and  News,  “How 
We  Can  Cooperate  with  thg  U.S.D.A. 
Defense  Board,”  Herkimer  Pomona 
Grange. 


time.  Cabbage,  another  important  cash 
crop,  is  out  because  the  kraut  factories 
(our  outlet)  cannot  get  cans.  The  same 
applies  to  beets  and  carrots.  Potatoes 
are  a  poor  upland  crop  here,  as  muck 
yields  and  quality  are  so  much  better. 
Wheat  acreage  is  restricted.  We  have  a 
good  bearing  apple  orchard,  and  a  large 
percentage  of  our  varieties  were  canned. 
No  cans  for  apples  in  1942. 

“Just  what  can  we  plant?  Tomatoes 
will  take  some  of  the  land,  but  our  222 
acres  require  more  than  tomatoes  for 
cash  crops.  Grain  and  ensilage  corn  can 
be  raised  for  home  use,  but  do  not  yield 
a  direct  cash  income,  and  a  cash  income 
from  some  crop  is  imperative  with  pre¬ 
vailing  labor  and  living  costs.” 

— R.  D.,  New  York. 

First,  let’s  take  the  red  kidney  bean 
situation.  New  York  is  an  important 
bean-growing  state.  More  than  half  the 
beans  grown  here  are  red  kidneys,  and 
this  state  now  has  about  85%  of  the 
country’s  supply  of  red  kidney  beans 
on  farms  and  75%  of  those  in  the 
hands  of  buyers. 

The  price  slump  from  around  $7.50 
a  hundred  to  $4.00  a  hundred  resulted 
from  the  government  order  that  no  tin 
was  available  for  cans  for  beans,  fail¬ 
ure  to  include  red  kidney  beans  in  the 
government’s  price  supporting  pro¬ 
gram,  and  some  slackening  in  demand 
from  southern  states.  A  man  who  has 
been  following  the  bean  situation  pret¬ 
ty  closely  makes  this  statement:  “If 
I  were  a  bean  grower,  I  would  plant 
about  the  usual  acreage.  So  far  as 
possible,  I  would  plant  white  beans; 
but  if  I  didn’t  feel  that  was  feasible, 
I  would  go  ahead  and  plant  red  kid¬ 
neys.” 

As  a  reason  for  this  comment,  he 
cited  the  upward  trend  of  meat  prices 
which  should  tend  to  increase  the  de¬ 
mand  for  beans. 

If  necessary,  he  says,  red  kidney 
beans  can  be  held  on  the  farm,  either 
unthreshed  or  in  the  bin  if  they  are 
spread  thin.  Beans  are  a  good  food, 
and  sooner  or  later  consumers  will 
want  them.  Red  kidneys  do  not  keep 
too  well  if  they  are  stored  in  bags. 

A  grower’s  decision  on  cabbage  will 
depend  on  his  outlet.  Frankly,  the 
outlook  for  cabbage  to  be  sold  to  kraut 
factories  is  not  rosy.  Tin  is  going  to 
be  scarce  or  unavailable  for  canning 
kraut,  and  packers  are  not  enthusiastic 
over  the  use  of  barrels.  There  is  every 
reason  to  believe  that  the  demand  for 
cabbage,  other  than  for  kraut,  will  be 
normal. 

If  you  have  livestock,  it  would  seem 
wise  to  plan  to  grow  as  high  a  per¬ 
centage  of  your  own  feed  as  possible. 
More  spring  grain  is  a  possibility,  and 
there  is  an  indication  that  farmers  in¬ 
tend  to  grow  more  soybeans.  Be  sure 
to  read  the  story  about  soybeans  on 
page  8  of  this  issue. 

Buckwheat  has  been  suggested  as  a 
cash  crop,  but  the  figures  indicate  that 
the  demand  for  this  crop  has  been 
trending  downward  for  some  years. 
The  acre  value  is  low  compared  to  most 
cash  crops,  yet  it  is  probable  that  some 
increased  acreage  will  be  grown. 

Where  they  can  be  grown,  more  po¬ 
tatoes  seem  to  offer  the  best  possi¬ 
bility.  The  U.  S.  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture  has  announced  a  price  support¬ 
ing  program  to  growers  who  do  not 
exceed  their  acreage  quota  by  over 
10%.  Price  supported  will  be  about 
$1.40  a  hundred  for  potatoes  in  New 
York  State.  This  is  about  75%  of  the 
“parity”  price  at  present,  and  some 
growers  do  not  feel  that  this  is  high 
enough.  U.  S.  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture  officials  would  welcome  an  in¬ 
crease  in  potato  acreage. 

Farmers  who  have  been  marketing 
fruits  and  vegetables  at  roadside  stands 
face  troubles,  too.  There  is  every 


prospect  that  car  travel  will  be  reduced 
drastically.  As  a  substitute,  the  pos¬ 
sibility  of  delivering  produce  to  a  list 
of  customers  is  worth  looking  into. 

With  the  exception  of  some  crops, 
such  as  cabbage  for  kraut,  we  believe 
that  about  the  usual  acreages  of  crops 
should  be  planted.  There  are  many 
uncertainties  in  the  situation,  but  we 
must  have  food;  and  we  .have  faith 
that  prices  will  be  good  and  that  ways 
of  getting  these  crops  to  market  will 
be  figured  out. 

—  a.  a. — 

EARLVILLE  SALE 
RESULTS 

Holsteins  sold  high  at  the  141st  Earl- 
ville  sale,  March  11.  Seventy-one  com 
signors  offered  152  head  and  77  buy¬ 
ers  paid  $28,542  for  them,  an  average 
of  $187.75. 

The  123  cows  sold  averaged  $194.75; 
55  of  these  selling  above  $200,  averag¬ 
ed  $235;  9  head  averaged  $300;  10  bulls 
sold  for  $2,710,  4  of  these  averaged 
$401;  13  unbred  heifers  averaged  $55; 
9  bred  heifers  averaged  $110.83;  15 
heifer  calves  averaged  $34.33. 

Top  cow  $335,  from  J.  and  E.  J.  Kar¬ 
len,  Rome,  to  John  Bolten,  Andover, 
Mass. 

Top  bull  $550.  Osbornedale  Farm, 
Derby,  Conn.,  to  Totman  &  Jones, 
Cazenovia. 

Second  from  top  $405,  Butterfly 
Farms,  Mexico,  N.  Y.,  to  Casper  Fox, 
Cincinnatus. 

Third  in  line  $350,  Carnation  Farms, 
Seattle,  Wash.,  to  G.  W.  Burrows, 
Harpersville. 

Largest  buyer,  John  Bolten,  Andover, 
Mass.,  10  cows,  $2,325. 

A.  J.  Bouton,  Attleboro,  Mass.,  five 
cows,  $950. 

Other  large  buyers  were  Lawrence 
Brothers,  Binghamton,  seven  cows, 
$1,480;  T.  H.  Wood,  Bouckville,  seven 
cows,  $1,195;  Ingersoll  Brothers,  Ful¬ 
ton  ville,  five  cows,  $945;  W.  H.  Heath, 
Glenmont,  five  cows,  $960;  C.  A.  Mur¬ 
phy,  Potsdam,  five  cows,  $715;  six 
Pennsylvania  buyers  took  10  head, 
$1,727. 

About  500  people  attended  the  sale 
which  covered  nine  hours.  In  that 
time  R.  Austin  Backus  of  Mexico  cried 
190  cows,  bulls,  heifers  and  small 
calves.  There  were  many  breeder 
spectators  present. 

— a.  a. — 

EASTERN  AHERDEEN- 
ANGUS  BREEDERS’  SALE 

This  year  so  many  good  cattle  have 
been  offered  for  the  Eastern  Aberdeen- 
Angus  Breeders’  Sale,  May  11,  at  Cor¬ 
nell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  that  the 
Selection  Committee  has  found  it  im¬ 
possible  to  cut  the  number  below  65 


1  "  ~~  1  < 

Who  Reat  This? 

On  March  28,  son  Don  and  I 
planted  several  long  rows  of  two 
or  three  different  varieties  of  gar¬ 
den  peas,  and  brushed  them. 
The  week  before,  I  planted  a  long 
row  of  sweet  peas,  for  I  believe 
that  flowers  and  the  happier 
things  of  life  are  even  more 
necessary  in  war-time  than  in 
peace. 

The  only  excuse  for  taking  the 
space  to  say  this  is  to  emphasize 
the  point  that  this  should  be  the 
greatest  garden  year  in  the  his¬ 
tory  of  American  agriculture, 
and  also  to  wonder  how  many  in 
my  latitude  got  peas  in  the 
ground  before  March  28. — E.R.E. 

•  —  —  —  - 1' 

head,  which  is  15  more  than  have  made 
up  previous  sales.  The  60  females 
offered  are  all  two  years  of  age  or 
younger  and  constitute  a  most  uniform 
group  both  as  to  type  and  bloodlines. 
Many  prize  winners  at  past  shows  are 
offered,  including  the  heifer  that  was 
the  runner-up  for  championship  hon¬ 
ors  at  the  Pennsylvania  Farm  Show 
just  six  weeks  ago.  Another  outstand¬ 
ing  individual  is  a  full  sister  to  Can¬ 
non’s  Blackcap,  one  of  the  two  top 
$1,600  females  in  the  Dutchess  County 
sale.  The  5  young  bulls  that  will  be 
sold  should  all  make  names  for  them¬ 
selves  in  pure  bred  herds,  one  of  them 
being  3rd  prize  junior  bull  calf  at  the 
International  Live  Stock  Exposition 
last  December. 

All  the  cattle  are  from  T.B.  Accred¬ 
ited  and  Bangs  Free  Approved  herds. 
More  herds  than  ever  before  will  be 
represented  which  is  indicative  of  the 
spreading  interest  concerning  Aber- 
deen-Angus  cattle  in  the  Northeast. 

— a.  a. — 

The  farm  machinery  repair  clinics 
held  all  over  the  state  have  brought 
forth  some  interesting  information  as 
to  the  length  of  life  of  farm  tools.  On 
the  average,  a  potato  duster  will  last 
eight  years,  a  milking  machine  eight 
years,  a  potato  sprayer  nine  years,  a 
hay  loader  nine  years,  a  grain  drill  fif¬ 
teen  years,  a  plow  twelve  years,  a 
wagon  fifteen  years,  a  manure  spread¬ 
er  nine  years,  and  a  horse-drawn  mow¬ 
er  ten  years.  However,  due  to  the 
excellent  care  given,  a  few  useable 
walking  plows  have  been  found  as  old 
as  38  years,  tractor  plows  as  old  as 
25  years,  disc  harrows  20  years,  horse- 
drawn  mowers  40  years,  hay  loaders  28 
years,  and  grain  drills  50  years. 

These  figures  show  in  an  impressive 
way  the  big  returns  that  come  from 
taking  care  of  tools. 


t(r 


Httesiti&n! 


We  Gan  Win  tUii  Wg/i 
with  a  Militant  Aa'UcultnAe 

American  Agriculturist  is  taking  an  important  part 
in  arousing  the  farmers  of  the  Northeast  and  furnishing 
them  with  vital  information.  Two  men  are  needed  in 
the  Sales  Dept.  Write  at  once,  giving  address,  phone 
number  and  former  experience.  Interview  will  be  ar¬ 


ranged. 


G.  C.  BARTLETT,  New  York  Manager , 

Savings  Bank  Bldg.  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


Jl 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 


25  (251) 


Ma/dzet  fiasiamete/i 


MILK  MARKET  NEWS 

As  was  generally  expected,  about 
98%  of  dairymen  who  voted  on  the 
amendments  to  tlie  Federal-State  Or¬ 
der  for  the  metropolitan  milk  market 
voted  “yes”.  The  vote  was  not  heavy; 
only  18,542  ballots  were  cast.  The 
Dairymen’s  League  did  not  vote,  taking 
the  position  that  they  could  not  ap¬ 
prove  the  changes  and  did  not  wish  to 
take  the  responsibility  for  voting 
against  them. 

The  changes  became  effective  April 
1.  The  Class  I  price,  at  present  butter 
prices,  will  be  $2.85  from  now  until 
July  1.  The  old  price  was  $3.11.  With¬ 
out  some  amendments  to  the  Order, 
the  Class  I  price  would  have  dropped 
to  $2.20  on  April  1. 

Much  is  being  printed  about  the 
good  prices  farmers  are  receiving  for 
milk,  but  very  little  about  the  difficul¬ 
ties  in  securing  labor  and  the  increases 
in  production  costs.  The  U.  S.  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  reported  the  last 
of  March  that  for  the  entire  country 
farmers  are  getting  about  15%  more 
than  a  year  ago  for  butterfat  and 
about  30%  more  than  a  year  ago  for 
milk.  At  the  same  time,  feed  costs  are 


3  WEEKS  EARLIER 


Heed  your  country’s 
cry  for  speedy,  in¬ 
creased  production. 
Help  assure  victory 
over  the  Axis  —  and 
enjoy  larger  profits 
as  well. 


Use  Germaco  HOTKAPS,  strong  lit¬ 
tle  hot-houses.  University  tests 
prove  that  average  yield  per  acre  of 
early  marketable  crops — your  pre¬ 
mium  crops  is  nearly  twice  as 
great  when  Germaco  HOTKAPS  are 
used !  Moreover,  they  increase  your 
total  yield  18%  to  51%,  promote 
bigger  fruits  and  vegetables,  ripen 
your  crops  3  weeks  earlier,  protect 
your  plants  from  destructive  frost, 
storms  and  insects.  Yet  HOTKAPS 
are  quick  and  easy  to  set  and  cost 
only  about  a  penny  a  plant.  No 
wonder  Germaco  HOTKAPS  enable 
you  to  get  higher  prices  and  bigger 
profits ! 

Successful  market  growers  have  used 
100  million  Germaco  HOTKAPS! 
Crop  failure  is  costly  —  HOTKAPS 
protection  is  cheap  ! 


up  about  55%,  hay  35%,  cows  30%, 
and  farm  wage  rates  34%.  These  are 
countrywide  figures.  Cost  increases  in 
New  York  are  generally  higher  than 
the  U.  S.  average. 

Apparently  the  U.  S.  Department  of 
Agriculture  plans  to  support  butter 
prices  at  a  slightly  higher  level.  On 
March  28,  butter  prices  went  up  about 
2c  a  pound,  and  it  is  expected  that  gov¬ 
ernment  purchases  will  hold  butter 
prices  at  about  36c  a  pound.  If  this  is 
done,  it  is  estimated  that  prices  to  pro¬ 
ducers  will  not  go  below  $2.00  a  hun¬ 
dred  in  June.  The  May  price  is  esti¬ 
mated  at  around  $2.35.  After  July  1, 
the  Class  I  price  will  automatically  go 
up  (probably  to  $3.10),  and  along  with 
it,  the  prices  to  producers. 

Chances  are  reported  good  that  the 
drought  relief  bill  now  in  the  New 
York  State  Legislature  will  become  a 
law.  It  carries  an  appropriation  of 
$250,000  to  aid  farmers  who  have  found 
it  necessary  to  buy  hay. 

— a.  a. — 

EGG  OUTLOOK  GOOD 

Because  egg  prices  have  been  trend¬ 
ing  downward  and  feed  costs  upward, 
there  has  been  some  unwarranted  pes¬ 
simism  among  poultrymen  as  to  the 
outlook.  The  best  measure  is  to  com¬ 
pare  the  present  situation  with  a  year 
ago.  For  example,  the  State  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  and  Markets  re¬ 
ports  that,  in  February,  it  took  9.2  doz. 
eggs  to  buy  100  lbs.  of  laying  mash, 
while  last  year  it  took  11  doz.  This 
February,  6.7  doz.  eggs  would  buy  100 
lbs.  of  scratch  grain.  Last  year  it  took 
8.1  doz.  We  believe  the  long-time  out¬ 
look  for  poultry  and  eggs  is  good.  We 
do  not  advise  “plunging”;  we  do  sug¬ 
gest  using  the  equipment  you  have  to 
its  full  capacity. 

During  February  this  year,  nearly 
14,000,000  lbs.  of  dried  eggs  were  pro¬ 
duced,  compared  to  661,000  lbs.  in  Feb¬ 
ruary  last  year.  Production  in  February 
was  almost  double  the  annual  produc¬ 
tion  a  few  years  ago.  The  industry  is 
getting  itself  in  shape  to  produce  about 
20,000,000  lbs.  of  dried  eggs  a  month. 

U.  S.  poultrymen  owned  over  362,- 
000,000  laying  hens  in  February,  larg¬ 
est  for  the  month  since  1928.  Hen  pop¬ 
ulation  a  year  ago  February  was  324,- 
000,000,  12%  less  than  this  year. 

The  New  York  poultry  population  is 
slightly  less  than  it  was  a  year  ago. 

Commercial  hatcheries  report  the 
setting  of  17%  more  eggs  during  the 
first  two  weeks  in  March  than  for  the 
same  period  in  1941.  During  February 
8%  more  chicks  were  hatched,  and  on 
March  1,  advance  orders  booked  were 
45%  of  a  year  ago.  Here  are  some  in¬ 
teresting  comparisons  of  February 
prices : 


Feb.  1942  Feb.  1941 


Eggs  per  dozen 

$  .32 

$  .21 

Chickens  per  pound 

(live) 

.21 

.16 

Laying  mash  per  cwt. 

2.95 

2.31 

Scratch  grain  per  cwt 

.  2.14 

1.71 

Order  HOTKAPS  from: 

Joseph  Harris  Co. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Harvey  Seed  Co. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


LAST  CALL ! 


I  Germain's,  Germaco  Products  Division, 
■  748  Terminal  St.,  Dept.  E,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

I  Send  me  FREE  Book — "Earlier,  Surer, 
Bigger,  More  Profitable  Market  Crops" 


NAME. 


■  ADDRESS. 


—  A.  A. — 

MORE  CROPS  IN  1942 

The  annual  “Intentions  to  Plant” 
report  has  been  issued  by  the  U.  S. 
Department  of  Agriculture.  This  is  of 
interest  as  indicating  trends,  but  of 
course  actual  plantings  may  vary  con¬ 
siderably  from  the  figures  given. 

Present  indications  are  that  there 
will  be  large  shifts  between  crops,  and 
a  three  to  four  per  cent  increase  in  to¬ 
tal  U.  S.  crop  acreage.  Among  the 
larger  increases  planned  are:  soybeans, 
41%  increase;  peanuts,  66%;  flax, 
20%. 

There  will  be  a  probable  increase  of 
5%  in  com  acreage,  3%  in  oats,  and 


21%  in  barley.  There  is  an  indication 
there  will  be  6%  more  acreage  in  total 
feed  grains,  which  will  just  about  bal¬ 
ance  the  7  %  increase  in  livestock  dur¬ 
ing  1941  and  a  probable  similar  in¬ 
crease  this  year. 

Also  in  prospect  is  a  24%  increase 
in  sugar  beets.  Dry  bean  acreage  may 
be  increased  5%,  and  potatoes  about 
1%,  as  well  as  some  increase  in  toma¬ 
toes  and  peas  for  canning,  onions,  and 
early  cabbage. 

Acreage  of  spring  wheat  is  expected 
to  be  reduced  about  9%. 

On  the  other  side  of  the  picture  are 
the  difficulties  which  farmers  are  fac- 
ing,  particularly  in  connection  with 
supplies  of  labor  and  equipment  as  well 
as  fertilizers  and  spray  materials. 
These  may  result  in  a  crop  acreage 
smaller  than  the  report  indicates. 

Turning  to  New  York  State,  slight 
increases  are  planned  in  corn,  oats, 
barley,  and  potatoes.  New  York  State 
farmers  also  expect  to  grow  20%  more 


acreage  of  soybeans.  Be  sure  to  read 
the  discussion  of  soybeans  as  a  cash 
crop  on  page  8  of  this  issue. 

— a.  a. — 

N.  Y.  FARM  INCOME 

Sales  of  products  from  New  York 
farms  in  1941  totaled  $406,527,000.  In 
comparison,  sales  in  1938  totaled  $299,- 
342,000;  1939,  $311,624,000;  1940,  $338,- 
163,000. 

Livestock  and  livestock  products 
brought  in  $279,716,000  during  1941, 
and  crop  sales  totaled  $126,811,000. 

These,  of  course,  are  gross  figures 
and  not  profit. 

Estimated  expenses  of  New  York 
farmers  were  $37,959,000  (in  addition 
to  board  and  other  privileges)  for  help; 
$59,906,000  for  feed;  over  $19,000,000 
for  machinery;  more  than  $10,000,000 
for  gas  and  oil;  $8,841,000  for  commer¬ 
cial  fertilizers;  $1,851,000  for  lime; 
$14,276,000  for  building  materials. 
Taxes  totaled  over  .$19,000,000. 


BUTTERFAT  PRICE  IS  UP 

♦ 

Secretary  of  Agriculture  Wickard  has  ordered  the  butter 
market  supported  at  a  higher  level. 

Our  price  for  butterfat  is  up,  in  line  with  the  higher  butter 
market,  as  usual. 

This  situation  is  very  favorable  to  Cream  Shippers  • — 
especially  considering  the  big  returns  to  be  had  from  feeding 
skimmilk  to  high-priced  Hogs  and  Calves  and  to  Chickens. 

Recent  declines  in  Cheese  make  Cream  selling  still  more 
favorable  by  comparison. 

SHIP  YOUR  CREAM  TO  FAIRMONT 

WE  PAY  PROMPTLY  FOR  EACH  SHIPMENT. 

The  Fairmont  Creamery  Co. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


LOW  COST  AUTOMATIC  HOT  WATER 


for  every  dairy  use 

HERE’S  a  simple  10  gallon  automa¬ 
tic  electric  water  heater  that  plugs 
into  any  convenient  outlet  as  easily  as 
an  electric  iron!  No  water  connection 
needed.  You  pour  water  into  the  top 
and  piping  hot  water  comes  out  of 
the  pipe  on  the  side.  Insulated  for  eco¬ 
nomical  operation.  Automatic  control 
maintains  even  temperature  at  low  cur¬ 
rent  cost. 

No  fires  or  boiler  to  tend  and  worry 
about.  No  smoke,  soot,  ashes  or  special 
boiler  room!  Call  our  nearest  office  and 
ask  about  electric  water  heaters.  They 
come  in  many  sizes,  from  3  to  80  gal¬ 
lons,  and  earn  their  keep  by  makii^ 
your  work  easier! 


NIAGARA,  LOCKPORT  &  ONTARIO  POWER  COMPANY 

NIAGARA  ^j||  HUDSON 

% 


(252  )  26 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 


Kernels, 
Screenings 
and  Chaff 

By  II.  E.  BABCOCK 


/ 

RECENTLY  I  mentioned  in 
this  column  my  experience  on 
a  bus  ride  from  Syracuse  to 

Ithaca.  Because  I  sat  up 
quite  a  little  higher  in  the  bus  than 
I  do  in  my  own  car  and  because  I 
was  free  to  look  around  more ,  / 
saw  a  lot  of  things  which  /  had 
entirely  missed  on  previous  trips. 

Observations  in  Southwest 

During  the  past  month  I  have 
covered  quite  thoroughly  four  states, 
two  of  which  were  entirely  new  to 
me.  In  recent  years  I  have  seen  a 
good  deal  of  Texas  and  New  Mex¬ 
ico,  but  until  this  trip  I  had  never 
been  in  Louisiana  or  Oklahoma.  In 
the  four  southwestern  states  which 
I  visited  —  Louisiana,  Oklahoma, 
Texas  and  New  Mexico — I  met  a 
great  many  people  in  all  walks  of 
life.  I  like  to  think  that  through  them 
I  got  the  benefit  of  some  experience 
and  some  points  of  view  which  are 
foreign  to  us  here  in  the  Northeast. 
To  the  best  of  my  ability,  I  am  go¬ 
ing  to  interpret  some  of  the  things 
I  saw  and  heard. 

Anti-labor  Feeling 

While  I  was  in  this  section  it  was 
swept  by  a  great  wave  of  anti-labor 
sentiment.  This,  of  course,  is  public 
knowledge.  In  fact,  I  believe  Con¬ 
gress,  acting  on  an  accusation  by  the 
President  that  this  anti-labor  feeling 
had  been  organized  by  interests  un¬ 
friendly  to  labor,  has  ordered  inquiry 
into  it. 

From  what  I  saw  on  the  ground, 
there  are  interests  like  some  news¬ 
paper  publishers,  some  Chambers  of 
Commerce  and  some  business  men 
who  were  active  in  organizing  some 
anti-labor  sentiment.  It  is  my  judg¬ 
ment,  however,  from  what  I  saw 
and  heard,  that  whatever  efforts 
these  interests  put  forth  immediate¬ 
ly  got  out  of  their  control  and  were 
absorbed  in  a  great  wave  of  resent¬ 
ment  toward  some  of  the  tactics  of 
organized  labor  which  had  its  origin 
with  the  man  in  the  street  and  on 
the  ranch.  This  resentment  and  the 
expressions  of  it  were  entirely 
spontaneous. 

A  New  Force  in  America 

Because  the  states  in  which  this 
so  noticeable  anti-labor  sentiment 
has  developed  are  not  primarily  in¬ 
dustrial  and  have  never  had  any 
very  severe  labor  troubles,  I  was  in¬ 
terested  to  get  at  what  was  back  of 
the  anti-labor  feeling  in  the  area. 

My  conclusion ,  for  what  it  is 

According  to  some  men  who  operate 
field  balers,  one  of  the  bottlenecks  in  this 
method  of  harvesting  hay  has  been  the 
loading  of  the  bales. 

At  Cortland,  N.  Y.,  Crocker  Farms  built 
the  baled  hay  loader  shown  at  right  out 
of  an  old  Plymouth  chassis  and  some  as¬ 
sembled  parts  and  powered  it  with  a  one 
horsepower  gasoline  motor  salvaged  from 
an  old  milk  cooler.  According  to  those 
who  have  used  it,  the  loader  will  handle 
450  bales  of  hay  an  hour,  elevating  them 
to  sixteen  fest. 


worth ,  is  that  it  sprang  from  the 
worries  of  fathers  and  mothers 
who  have  sons  in  the  armed 
forces.  Apparently  a  great  many 
men  have  been  drawn  from  the 
Southwest  for  service  in  the  Philip¬ 
pines,  Australia,  and  on  the  Pacific 
Ocean.  The  parents  of  these  boys 
have  not  .heard  from  them  in  many 
cases  for  months.  There  have  been 
heavy  casualties  among  these  boys. 

Meanwhile,  the  radio  and  the  daily 
press  have  brought  to  these  parents 
almost  hourly  accounts  of  strikes, 
boycotts,  intimidations  and  other  ac¬ 
tivities  by  organized  labor  which 
they  have  concluded,  rightly  or  not, 
are  slowing  up  the  production  of  the 
war  goods  tjaeir  boys  need  if  they  are 
ever  to  return  home. 

Gelling  Bough  Themselves 

As  a  result  of  the  conclusions  they 
have  drawn  from  some  of  the  tactics 
of  organized  labor,  these  southwest¬ 
ern  parents  of  boys  in  the  Service 
have,  in  the  characteristic  manner  of 
citizens  of  that  section,  jumped  to 
the  conclusion  that  the  average  labor 
leader  is  more  interested  in  the  sel¬ 
fish  advancement  of  his  personal 
power  than  he  is  in  supporting  their 
boys  in  battle. 

They  have  decided  that  there  is 
only  one  way  to  deal  with  such 
tactics  in  America,  and  that  is  by 
force.  If  I  heard  one  man  say,  I 
heard  a  dozen  say  that,  “if  he  heard 
of  any  attempt  to  slow  down  or  stop 
vital  war  production,  he  personally 
would  volunteer  to  break  the  effort 
up,  and  that  he  would  expect  to 
come  in  shootin’.” 

Washington  Doesn’t  Know 

Either  I*didn’t  see  and  understand 
what  is  back  of  the  anti-labor  feeling 
in  the  Southwest,  or  the  President 
and  his  labor  advisers  in  the  admin¬ 
istration  do  not  know  what  is  going 
on.  Of  course,  I  have  more  faith  in 
what  I  saw  and  heard  than  in  what 
they  say. 

It  is  my  honest  judgment  that, 
despite  the  great  power  which  is 


centralized  in  the  office  of  our 
Chief  Executive  and  his  bureau 
heads,  these  men  are  becoming 
isolated  from  true  public  senti¬ 
ment.  They  really  don’t  know  what 
is  going  on.  It  would  be  fine  if  more 
of  them  could  take  a  bus  ride  across 
the  country.  They  would  come  back 
seeing  things  from  a  different  angle. 

SILAGE  PLANS 

With  two  silos  practically  empty  and 
the  other  two  only  two  or  three  doors 
high,  we  are  beginning  to  lay  our  plans 
for  putting  up  our  1942  grass  silage. 

It  hardly  seems  possible  but  at  Sun- 
nygables  we  should  begin  filling  silo 
with  our  first  cutting  of  ladino  clover 
within  the  next  60  days.  For  years, 
May  first  has  been  the  date  of  turning 
out  our  livestock  on  pasture  and  June 
first  the  date  of  our  beginning  to  put 
up  grass  silage. 

During  the  winter  we  have  had  both 
our  hay  choppers  in  the  factory  for  a 
complete  overhauling  and  we  also  have 
seen  to  it  that  our  tractors  are  in  shape 
to  develop  maximum  power  both  at  the 
fly  wheel  and  the  draw  bar. 

WEED  CONTROL 

As  has  been  our  custom  for  the  past 
several  years  we  shall  not  buy  any 
dope  like  molasses  or  phosphoric  acid 
to  add  to  grass  silage.  At  Larchmont, 
where  the  fields  are  now  laid  out  in 
contour  strips,  we  shall  again  rely  on 
mixing  green  wheat  with  first  cutting 
green  clover  and  alfalfa  for  our  grass 
silage. 

If  any  of  our  new  seedings  come  up 
weedy,  these  will  be  the  ones  which 
will  be  cut  first  and  put  into  the  silo. 
We  shall  also,v  of  course,  cut  for  silage 
weedy  wheat  in  preference  to  clean 
stands.  On  this  farm  when  we  are 
through  filling  silo,  all  our  grain  fields 
will  be  trimmed  around  ready  for  com¬ 
bining  and  the  trimmings  in  the  silo. 

LADINO  CLOVER 

A  new  experience  this  year  both  on 
Larchmont  and  Sunnygables  farms  will 
be  that  our  grass  for  silage  will  be 
mainly  ladino  clover.  We  have  55 
acres  of  ladino  at  Larchmont  and 
around  25  at  Sunnygables.  Since  we 
have  never  harvested  a  crop  of  ladino 


hay  we  are  wondering  just  when  it  will 
be  ready  for  silage  and  what  sort  of  a 
yield  we  are  going  to  get.  Possibly 
the  ladino  will  arrive  at  a  point  where 
it  should  be  cut  for  silage  before  our 
wheat  gets  into  the  milk  or  soft  dough 
stage. 

AN  EXPERIMENT 

Because  of  this  possibility  and  be¬ 
cause  I  am  impressed  by  the  fact  that 
it  may  be  more  economical  to  feed  rich 
silage  than  silage  plus  grain,  I  am  con¬ 
sidering  quite  seriously  suggesting  to 
my  boys  that  we  use  a  few  tons  of  our 
surplus  commodity  wheat  to  mix  with 
the  green  ladino  at  the  rate  of  around 
200  pounds  of  wheat  to  the  ton  of 
green  ladino.  Doing  this  should  pro¬ 
vide  the  sugars  and  starches  which  are 
necessary  to  make  good  silage  and,  of 
course,  supplement  the  feeding  value 
of  the  silage  itself.  I  wonder  if  it  will 
be  necessary  to  grind  or  crack  the 
wheat  ? 

Of  course,  should  hominy  corn  and 
cob  meal  or  any  other  starchy  feed — 
and  I  would  not  except  a  good  quality 
of  grain  screenings  or  mill  sweepings 
—  become  available  before  silo  filling 
at  less  than  the  wheat  cost  me,  I 
would  not  hesitate  to  substitute  such 
a  feed  for  the  wheat. 

What  I  am  now  really  interested  in 
is  seeing  whether  I  can  run  a  cheap 
grain,  either  home-raised  or  purchased 
because  it  is  a  feeding  bargain,  into  a 
silo  with  green  clover  and  alfalfa  and 
come  out  with  a  reinforced  silage  of 
excellent  quality. 

If  such  a  silage  can  be  made  at  not 
too  great  a  cost,  I  feel  sure  that  fed 
with  green,  well  cured,  second  and 
third  cutting  clover  and  alfalfa,  it 
might  eliminate  the  need  of  any  ad¬ 
ditional  grain  feeding  altogether,  at 
least  so  far  as  young  stock  is  con¬ 
cerned. 

EXPERTS  QUERIED 

To  secure  the  benefit  of  expert  opin¬ 
ion  on  the  above  idea  and  to  share 
these  opinions  with  you  who  read  this 
page,  I  am  writing  to  three  individuals 
who  have  had  experience  with  both 
the  scientific  and  practical  phases  of 
grass  silage  making  and  asking  their 
opinion  of  what  I  propose  to  do.  I 
shall  try  and  print  a  digest  of  their 
answers  two  weeks  from  now. 


American  Agriculturist,  April  11,  1942 


27  (  253) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 

By  Jl.  G&Ui+ie 


AMENDMENT 

Governor  Lehman  has  approved  an 
amendment  to  the  Financial  Responsi¬ 
bility  Law  for  motorists,  introduced  in 
the  Legislature  by  Assemblyman  An¬ 
derson.  It  is  now  unnecessary  to  re¬ 
port  accidents  where  there  is  no  per¬ 
sonal  injury  and  where  less  than  $25 
damage  is  done  to  the  cars. 

Another  bill  which  has  been  signed 
is  called  the  Wright  Bill.  This  re¬ 
quires  Magistrates,  and  Justices  of  the 
Peace  to  inform  the  defendant  in  a 
motor  vehicle  accident  case  that  a  plea 
of  “guilty”  is  equivalent  to  a  convic¬ 
tion  after  trial.  Some  motorists  have 
lost  their  drivers’  licenses  because  they 
did  not  realize  this  fact. 

The  Financial  Responsibility  Law 
has  been  working.  It  was  generally 
expected,  however,  that  after  some  ex¬ 
perience  some  amendments  would  be 
needed. 

—a.  a. — 

KEY  TAGS 

“I  received  a  miniature  auto  license  tag 
from  the  Disabled  American  Veterans  of 
the  World  War  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  to¬ 
gether  with  a  request  that  I  send  them 
25c  for  it.  What  can  you  tell  me  about 
this  organization?” 

The  report  indicates  that  this  or¬ 
ganization  has  been  doing  some  good 
work.  The  tag  of  course,  is  designed 
to  be  attached  to  your  car  keys  so 
they  will  be  returned  to  you  if  lost. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  sending  of  such 
tags  through  the  mail  comes  under 
the  heading  of  unordered  merchandise, 
and  those  who  receive  them  are  under 
no  obligation  to  buy  them  or  return 
them. 

Doubtless,  in  view  of  the  nature  of 
this  work,  many  who  receive  tags  will 
send  the  money. 

— a.  a. — 

USED  TIRES 

Some  years  ago,  many  readers  ex¬ 
pressed  dissatisfaction  about  the  pur¬ 
chase  of  used  or  retreaded  tires  from 
mail  order  companies.  Due  to  the 
present  tire  situation,  there  is  again 
activity  in  this  field  and  it  is  likely 
to  increase. 

Maybe  a  poor  used  tire  is  better  than 
none,  but  in  the  past,  our  readers  re¬ 
ported  that  tires  went  bad  after  300 
or  500  miles.  These  tires  were  sold 
under  a  replacement  guarantee,  but 
usually  the  customer  found  the  replace- 


Farm  Service  Bulletins 
For  You 

IN  ORDER  to  make  available 
to  readers  more  information 
which  will  help  increase  profits, 
the  editors  of  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  have  prepared  several 
mimeographed  bulletins  on  time 
ly  subjects.  These  are  available 
to  any  reader  without  cost  other 
than  3c  each  to  cover  mailing 
and  shipping  costs.  Bulletins  now 
available  are: 

□  No.  101— HOW  TO  RAISE  BABY 
CHICKS. 

□  No.  102— PIJLLORUM  DISEASE  OF 
CHICKS. 

□  No.  103— HOW  TO  CONTROL 
MASTITIS. 

□  No.  104— HOW  TO  BUY  A  HERD 
SIRE. 

□  No.  105— HOW  TO  CONTROL 
WEEDS. 

□  No.  106— HOW  TO  COOL  AND 
PACK  EGGS 

□  No.  107— HOW  TO  GROW  SOY 
BEANS. 

□  No.  108— HOW  T  O  MAINTAIN 
HUMUS  IN  THE  SOIL. 

Check  the  ones  you  want,  in¬ 
clude  mailing  cost,  and  return 
the  coupon  to  American  Agricul¬ 
turist,  Box  367-S,  Ithaca,  New 
York. 

From  time  to  time  we  plan  to 
make  additions  to  the  list  avail¬ 
able. 


ments  no  better  than  the  original! 

We  are  reporting  this  past  history 
to  advise  caution  in  the  purchase  of 
mail  order  used  tires. 

— a.  a. — 

NO  GUARANTEE 

“Some  time  ago,  I  answered  a  Rogers 
Coat  Company  advertisement  in  a  maga¬ 
zine,  sending  them  $5.00.  I  did  not  get 
it  so  I  wrote  to  the  publication  in  which 
the  ad  appeared.  They  reported  that 
H.  M.  Berlin,  who  was  head  of  the  com¬ 
pany,  was  sentenced  to  serve  two  years 
in  a  U.  S.  Penitentiary  for  using  the 
mails  to  defraud.  The  publication  ex¬ 
presses  a  lot  of  regret,  but  gives  no  in¬ 
dication  that  my  $5.00  will  be  returned.” 

Most  farm  papers,  including  the  Am¬ 
erican  Agriculturist,  guarantee  their 
ads.  Many  other  publications,  includ¬ 
ing,  no  doubt,  the  one  in  which  this  ad 
appeared,  use  every  effort  to  keep 
fraudulent  ads  out  of  their  papers. 
However,  if  they  fail,  the  subscriber 
has  no  protection. 

— a.  a. — 

HOSPITAL.  INSURANCE 

"I  am  thinking  of  taking  out  hospitali¬ 
zation  insurance  for  my  family.  First  I 
want  to  be  sure  the  company  is  reliable.” 

The  company  mentioned  by  our  sub¬ 
scriber  is  not  licensed  to  do  business 
in  New  York  State.  As  we  have  stat¬ 
ed  in  these  columns  many  times,  we  do 
not  recommend  doing  business  with 
insurance  companies  not  licensed  in 
the  state  where  you  live.  There  is  a 
licensed  company  that  puts  out  hos¬ 
pitalization  policies;  however,  they 
issue  them  only  in  groups,  for  ex¬ 
ample,  to  a  large  percentage  of  em¬ 
ployees  in  any  particular  concern. 
They  do  this  on  the  basis  that  this 
spreads  the  risk.  There  is  a  general 
feeling  that  issuing  hospitalization 
policies  at  random  would  result  in  re¬ 
ceiving  a  high  proportion  from  people 
who  know  or  suspect  that  they  are 
heading  for  the  hospital. 

—  a.  a. — 

NEGLIGENCE? 

“Recently,  my  car  was  damaged  to  the 
amount  of  $50.00.  In  attempting  to  stop, 
I  slid  into  the  rear  of  a  truck  parked  on 
the  side  of  the  road  with  the  left  wheels 
on  the  pavement.  The  truck  was  insur¬ 
ed.  Can  I  force  the  insurance  company 
to  pay  any  loss?” 

We  do  not  think  so.  An  insurance 
company  insures  a  car  driver  against 
accidents  which  result  from  his  negli¬ 
gence.  Unless  thei'e  is  some  circum¬ 
stance  which  you  did  not  report,  we 
do  not  believe  that  leaving  a  parked 
truck  with  the  left  wheels  on  the 
pavement  could  be  considered  as  negli¬ 
gence. 


-a.  A. 


<*e 


TALL  STORY 


99 


“On  the  28th  of  February  a  rag  man 
from  New  Berlin,  New  York,  called  and 
picked  up  my  waste  paper.  After  he  had 
them  on  the  truck,  he  said  they  were 
for'  the  Red  Cross.  I  told  him  I  didn’t 
believe  it,  and  he  drove  away  fast.  The 
truck  was  full,  and  it  seems  a  shame  to 
do  such  a  thing  when  the  Red  Cross 
needs  so  much  help.  What  can  you  do 
about  this?” 

This  man  was  identified  through  his 
license  number.  He  was  interviewed 
by  the  State  Troopers  who  are  keep¬ 
ing  an  eye  on  him  to  see  that  this 
practice  is  discontinued.  This  is  men¬ 
tioned  here  as  a  warning  in  case  the 
same  or  a  similar  story  should  be  told 
to  you. 

— a.  a. — 

If  any  reader  knows  the  present  ad¬ 
dress  of  Mr.  Morris  Mark,  formerly  of 
77  Prospect  Street,  Garfield,  New  Jer¬ 
sey,  we  would  appreciate  the  informa¬ 
tion. 


“Like  Father,  Like  Son” 


j  ■a-’ 


Left: 

Car  in  which 
Meredith  Boyce 
o  f  Interlaken 
was  severely 
injured. 


Below: 

Car  in  which 
Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Newton  Boyce, 
parents  of  Mere¬ 
dith,  were  in¬ 
jured. 


IN  THE  automobile  pic¬ 
tured  above,  Meredith 
Boyce  of  Interlaken,  N.  Y., 
was  seriously  injured  while 
on  his  way  home  from  work. 

It  was  raining,  wet  leaves 
were  on  the  road.  Suddenly 
a  front  tire  blew  out.  He 
lost  control,  knocked  down  a  telephone  pole  and  hit  a  tree.  He  is 
now  recovering  from  nine  bone  fractures  and  drawing  benefits  on 
his  travel  accident  policy. 

Back  in  1939,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Newton  Boyce,  parents  of  Meredith, 
were  injured  in  the  automobile  pictured  at  the  above  right.  Their 
car  rammed  into  an  unlighted  truck.  Both  carried  our  travel  acci¬ 
dent  policy  and  received  weekly  benefits. 

These  two  accidents  prove  that  it  pays  to  protect  all  members 
of  the  family.  Your  wife ,  son  or  daughter  and  yourself  all  need 
our  low-cost  travel  accident  insurance  policy. 

BENEFITS  RECENTLY  PAID 


R.  J.  McSween,  47  Pleasant  St.,  Monti- 

cello,  N.  Y. _ _ _ $  30.00 

Auto  accident — cont.  left  knee 
Mrs.  Edith  James,  R.  2,  Rome.  N.  Y. -  10.00 

Auto  accident — injuries 

Allen  Alpaugh,  Roseboom.  N.  Y. -  130.00 

Auto  accident — broken  leg 
William  H.  Sly,  R.  5.  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y...  30.00 

Wagon  accident — frac.  ribs 

Frank  T.  Rogers,  R.  I,  Lockport,  N.  Y -  10.00 

Auto  accident — frac.  ribs 
Mrs.  Elsie  E.  Redlick,  Box  132,  Olcott.N.  Y.  58.57 
Auto  accident — multiple  abrasions 
John  R.  Sherman,  Box  294,  Cherry  Val¬ 
ley.  N.  Y.  _  80.00 

Truck  accident — frac.  ribs  &  collar  bone 
Mary  K.  Stillwell.  R.  3,  Middletown.  N.Y.  30.00 

Auto  accident — frac.  skull  and  nose 
Mrs.  Ruth  J.  Westcott,  R.  3,  Central  Square. 

N.  y.  _  10.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  knees 
Vernon  Schellenger,  515  Tennyson  St.,  Syra¬ 
cuse,  N.  Y.  _  20.00 

Auto  accident — sprained  wrist 
Rev.  J.  Haskell  Keep,  Waterford,  N.  Y. — *  65.00 
Auto  accident — cont.  left  chest 
Earl  F.  Abel,  R.  I,  St.  Johnsville,  N.  Y.  41.43 

Struck  by  truck — bruised  chest 
Regina  C.  Grainger,  162  Jackson,  Batavia, 

N,  Y.  _  10.00 

Auto  accident — abrasion  lower  back 
Harriet  M.  George.  Box  18,  S.  Hartwick, 

N.  Y.  _  48.57 

Auto  accident — strained  hack 

Elroy  Smith.  R.  I.  Kerhonkson,  N.  Y -  71.43 

Auto  accident — injuries 

Don  E.  Crossman,  R  2.  Canton,  N.  Y —  92.86 

Auto  accident — bruised  ankle 

Frank  Podolski,  R.  5,  Lowville,  N.  Y -  30.00 

Sleigh  accident — frac.  ribs 

Ida  S.  Colwell.  Moravia.  N.  Y -  24.28 

Ailto  accident — bruised  legs 

Mabel  Lake.  R.  I,  Mohawk.  N.  Y -  82.86 

Auto  accident — shock,  cont.  ribs 

Joseph  J.  Mickey.  R.  I,  Elba,  N.  Y -  70.00 

Auto  accident— -frac.  patella 

Frank  Sawieki,  R.  I,  Southold,  N.  Y -  10.00 

Auto  accident — incised  wound  wrist 
Mrs.  Jennie  Ellis,  R.  I,  Howes  Cave,  N.  Y.  60.00 

Auto  accident — cut  temple,  inj.  thigh 

John  D.  Flynn.  Box  85,  Burke,  N.  Y _  77.14 

Auto  accident — frac.  ribs 

Edward  Lechner,  R.  2,  Buffalo.  N.  Y. _  26.43 

Hit  by  auto — cut  and  bruised  leg 

Roy  Huse,  R.  I.  Bradford,  Vt -  40.00 

Auto  accident — brain  cone.,  bruises 

Gertrude  D.  Schwartz,  Box  446,  Morrisville, 

Vt.  _  71.43 

Auto  accident — spiained  thumb,  bruises 


Emma  P.  Goodrich,  Westford,  Vt _ *  13.92 

Hit  by  car — bruised  leg  and  knees 
Robert  M.  Bean,  R.F.D.,  West  Danville,  Vt.  14.28 
Auto  accident — cuts  and  bruises 

Gerard  Quesnel,  R.  J,  Salisbury,  Vt _  ,20.00 

Auto  accident — cuts  on  nose  and  face 

Anna  Theilman,  R.  2,  Rutland,  Vt - *  65.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  arm  and  side 

Gilbert  D.  Baraw,  R.  I.  Johnson,  Vt -  90.00 

Sled  accident — bruised  knee 

Mrs.  Alta  M.  Noyes.  R.  I,  Lee.  Me - : —  20.00 

Auto  accident — cuts  on  forehead 
Carroll  L.  Martin,  Box  92,  Caratuck,  Me.  20.00 

Auto  accident — brain  concussion 
Arthur  C.  Bickford,  R.D.  I,  Fairfield,  Me.  80.00 
Auto  accident — frac.  ribs,  bruises 
J.  Guy  Gordon,  Box  693,  Livermore,  M8 —  52.86 

Hit  by  truck — frac.  ankle 

Hollis  J.  Lord,  R.  2,  So.  Windham,  Me.—  44.28 

Truck  accident — bruised  elbow 
Raymond  J.  Daigle,  R.  3,  Auburn.  Mo -  44.28 

Auto  accident — frac.  skull  and  cuts 

Kenneth  V.  Howes.  Ashfield,  Mass -  130.00 

Truck  accident — inj.  leg 

Charles  H.  Jeffers,  Sr.,  Williamstown,  Mass.  28.57 
Hit  by  auto — bruised  and  lac.  face 
Roy  E.  Chamberlain,  Main  St.,  Northfield, 

Mass.  _ 20.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  right  knee 

George  E.  Sarks,  R.  I,  Conway,  Mass -  21.43 

Auto  accident — frac.  and  lac.  nose 

Norman  Fielding.  Gieenfieid,  Mass. -  74.28 

Auto  accident — brain  cone.,  frac.  femur 

Charles  A.  Eastwood,  Adams,  Mass -  14.28 

Auto  accident — cone,  brain,  sprained  knee 

e 

Walter  B.  Kershaw,  Box  192,  Plaistow, 

N.  H.  _  20.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  chest 

Thomas  Ellsworth,  Jr.,  Meshoppen,  Pa -  38.57 

Truck  accident — lac.  scalp 


Preston  L.  Hill,  R.  I,  Delmar,  Del _ 

Auto  accident — concussion,  lac.  scalp 


28.57 


Luther  K.  Birely.  R.  I,  Union  Bridge,  Md.*  24.28 

Auto  accident— frac.  ribs 

Elizabeth  R.  Moore,  27  West  Ave.,  Woods- 

town,  N.  J _  10.00 

Auto  accident — sprained  ankle 

J.  Alvin  Wclverton,  R.  I,  Asbury,  N.  J _ *  45.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  chest.,  legs 
Edwin  Bertonazzi,  Wheat  Rd.,  Buena,  N.J.  72.86 
Auto  accident — frac.  nose 

*  Over-age. 


$714,616.79 

has  been  paid  to  10,155  policyholders 


-  .  **.  •  *«  •  ft 

North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co. 

Oldest  and  Carfest  SxclusiveJCeakt)  and  Occident  Company  in  America 

N.  A. Associates  Department  Poughkeepsie,  n.y 


WE  FARMERS  never  turn  the  really  important  jobs  over  to  our  hired  man.  We 
never  ask  the  town  supervisor  or  the  county  judge  whether  we  should  plant 
oats,  barley,  corn,  peas  or  alfalfa.  We  never  ask  our  banker  or  doctor  if  we 
should  breed  Holsteins,  Jerseys,  Guernseys  or  Ayrshires. 

We  frequently  do  get  help  and  advice  from  our  fellow  farmers.  We  help  them.  They 
help  us.  Each  of  us  doing  the  very  best  farm  job  he  knows  how  to  do. 


Bui  when  it  comes  to  marketing  our  milk  . . .  when  it  comes 
to  the  most  important  job  of  all,  that  of  seeing  to  it  that  we 
get  a  "living  price"  for  what  we  sell  .  .  .  some  would  toss 
the  job  into  the  lap  of  government,  or  to  a  leader  they 
don't  even  know  .  .  .  and  then  grumble  at  the  results. 


The  point  is  that  if  the  marketing  problem  is  ever  going  to  be  solved,  ONLY  FARMERS 
ARE  GOING  TO  DO  IT.  And  if  the  interests  of  farmers  are  ever  going  to  be  promoted, 
ONLY  FARMERS  ARE  GOING  TO  SEE  THAT  IT  IS  DONE.  Neither  government  nor  other 
non-farm  interests  are  going  to  lose  any  sleep  worrying  about  us. 


We  have  got  to  do  the  job  ourselves.  And  we  can  do  it. 
We  have  the  tools  to  work  with  —  the  dairy  cooperatives  in 
the  milkshed.  And  we  have  the  manpower  —  the  thousands 
of  members  of  those  cooperatives. 

The  only  thing  to  watch  out  for  is  to  see  that  our  tools  — 
the  cooperatives  —  do  not  rust  out  through  disuse,  do  not 
become  dulled  through  neglect,  and  are  not  left  unguarded 
so  that  our  enemies  can  steal  them  away  from  us.  We  can 
solve  our  own  problems  only  through  cooperation. 


-i 


APRIL  25,  1942 


THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


0444 


Trained  Farm  Help  SHOULD 
-  BE  DEFERR 


★  ★  ★  ★  ★ 

Bjf  E.  R.  EASTMAN 

ACK  OF  FOOD  lost  the  Battle  of 
Bataan  for  America!  Lack  of  food 
could  lose  the  war  for  America  and 
her  allies!  Our  gallant  forces  in 
the  Philippines  did  not  lose  the 
fight  primarily  because  they  were  overwhelm¬ 
ed  and  vastly  outnumbered;  they  lost  from 
no  lack  of  courage.  They  lost  because  they 
had  been  hungry  so  long  that  many  of  the 
boys  were  sick,  and  all  of  them  were  worn 
out.  When  they  made  their  last  great  coun¬ 
tercharge,  they  could  hardly  stand  up  be¬ 
cause  they  were  so  weak. 

Because  of  the  danger  of  a  food  shortage 
and  what  it  would  mean  to  this  country  and 
to  the  world,  we  of  American  Agriculturist 
and  everyone  else  who  knows  the  real  situa¬ 
tion  are  worried  about  the  draining  off  of  so 
much  manpower  from  the  farms.  That’s  the 
reason  why  we  are  trying  to  arouse  govern¬ 
ment  officials,  draft  boards,  and  young  farm¬ 
ers  themselves  to  the  seriousness  of  this  food 
situation  before  it  is  too  late. 

We  have  had  several  good  crop  years  on 
the  average.  It  could  easily  happen  that  we 
now  could  have  a  succession  of  bad  crop 
years.  If  we  should  get  a  combination  of 
bad  weather  conditions,  plus  a  shortage  of 
machinery  and  other  necessary  supplies  with 
which  to  carry  on  the  farm  business,  plus 
the  tremendous  shortage  of  farm  help,  we 
might  face  the  worst  disaster  in  the  history 
of  the  world.  For  there  is  no  fooling  about 
the  fact  that  much  of  the  world  is  going  to 
be  dependent  upon  American  farmers  for 
what  it  eats,  perhaps  for  years  to  come. 
There  will  be  comparatively  little  farming  in 
Europe  this  year.  And  actual  famine  stares 
millions  over  there  in  the  face  right  now. 

In  spite  of  this  dangerous  situation,  many 
draft  boards  are  taking  farm  boys,  and  thou¬ 
sands  more  of  trained  young  farmers  are 
leaving  the  farms  to  volunteer  in  the  armed 
forces  or  to  work  in  city  factories.  This 

drainage  of  agricultural  skill  and  manpower 

from  the  farms  must  be  stopped.  High  gov¬ 


ernment  officials,  including  Gen¬ 
eral  Hershey,  who  is  in  charge 
of  the  draft,  are  aware  of  this 

farm  situation  and  are  warning  _ 

local  draft  officials  not  to  take  farm  help. 
Just  a  short  time  ago  Gen.  Hershey  wrote  to 
Secretary  of  Agriculture  Wickard  as  follows: 

“I  am  preparing  a  new  directive  to  the  agen¬ 
cies  of  ,  Selective  Service  re-emphasizing  the  im¬ 
portance  of  considering  the  deferment  of  key  men 


This  is  a  reproduction  of  the  certificate  which  is  sent 
to  men  who  are  accepted  as  American  Farm  Front 
Volunteers.  Bead  the  story  on  this  page,  and  if  you 
are  eligible,  send  in  your  application. 


m  agriculture,  and  I  would  like  to  inform  our 
local  boards  that  they  may  request  general  in¬ 
formation  from  the  county  war  boards  and  such 
other  assistance  as  may  be  helpful  to  them  in 
accomplishing  proper  classification.” 

That  was  in  answer  to  a  letter  from  Secre¬ 
tary  Wickard  to  General  Hershey,  which 
read  in  part  as  follows: 

“I  believe  that  our  farm  people  have  been 
furnishing  an  equitable  share  of  the  additional 
manpower  required  for  our  armed 
forces.  Selection  of  farm  workers 
should  be  made  in  a  manner  which 
will  assure  continued  production 
of  essential  agricultural  products. 
It  is  my  understanding  that  men 
in  other  essential  industries  are 
receiving  deferments  when  they 
are  clearly  necessary  to  essential  production. 
Agriculture  wants  no  special  privileges  but  is  re¬ 
questing  deferment  for  men  who  by  virtue  of 
their  technical  skill  and  other  qualifications,  to¬ 
gether  with  the  difficulty  of  replacing  them,  are 
necessary  men  in  the  production  of  essential 
agricultural  products.” 

On  February  16  General  Hershey  wrote  to 
local  draft  boards: 

“In  order  to  insure  the  maintenance  of  essen¬ 
tial  agricultural  activities,  this  Head¬ 
quarters  again  calls  the  atten¬ 
tion  of  the  local  boards 
to  the  importance  of  giv¬ 
ing  full  consideration  to 
claims  for  deferment  of 
men  engaged  in  this  field. 
Such  consideration  should 
include  thorough  analysis 
of  the  status  of  each  man 
with  respect  to  his  agricul¬ 
tural  employment  and  should 
be  based  upon  full  information 
regarding  those  agricultural 
products  which  are  essential.” 

Naturally  members  of  local 
draft  boards  are  on  the  spot. 
I  for  one  am  not  critical  of 
them,  because  they  are  requir¬ 
ed  to  furnish  a  full  quota  of  sol¬ 
diers  and  are  up  against  it  to  fill 
that  quota  without  taking  farm¬ 
ers.  Some  of  the  trouble  is  due  to 
the  fact  that  boys  are  being  taken 
by  the  boards  where  not  enough  in¬ 
formation  is  furnished  by  the  boy 
or  his  employer  on  the  need  for  his 
deferment. 

Our  biggest  problem  is  not  with  the 
draft  boards  but  with  the  boys  them¬ 
selves.  No  American  wants  to  be  call¬ 
ed  a  slacker,  and  many  of  these  young 
men  do  not  realize  that  they  may  be 
far  more  important  as  food  producers 

than  as  soldiers  or  sailors.  Others  are 
attracted  by  the  high  ( Turn  to  Page  12) 


IN  THIS  ISSIIF  “FREE  FARMERS”  FIGHT  LEWIS,  Page  3;  FERTILIZING  SMALL  FRUITS,  Page  6;  READERS  TALK 

BACK,  Page  8;  IMPROVING  PASTURES,  Page  9;  FARM  NEWS,  Page  10;  THE  MARKET  BAROME¬ 
TER,  Page  11;  MAKE  MEAL-GETTING  EASIER,  Page  18;  ITS  SCHOOL  MEETING  TIME,  Page  23. 


APRIL 


r 


19  4  2 


2  5 


The  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative 
is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


Nitrogen  is  needed  to  make  explosives.  Our  Army  and  Navy 
must  have  it.  This  year  and  for  the  duration  of  the  war, 
nitrogen  for  farm  use  will  be  scarce. 

The  Dairyman's  Answer  to 
the  Nitrogen  Shortage 


►  MORE  LIME  IN  THE  ROTATION.  Lime  is  plentiful  in  the  Northeast.  Hundreds  of  quarries  are 
producing  it.  The  price  is  low.  Through  many  G.L.F.  Service  Agencies,  lime  can  be  spread  right  on  the  field 
at  little  more  than  the  cost  of  bagged  limestone. 


MORE  CLOVER  IN  THE  H A Y ► 

Legumes  will  not  grow  on  acid  soil.  Proper 
sweetening  encourages  the  growth  of  clover 
and  other  legumes  which  manufacture  nitrogen 
for  the  use  of  other  crops.  Liming  can  be  done 
anytime  in  the  dairy  rotation.  Probably  the 
best  place  is  on  the  new  seeding. 


\  MORE  NITROGEN  IN  THE  SOIL 

The  nitrogen  in  the  legume  roots  and  the 
nitrogen  produced  in  the  soil  by  the  legumes 
are  available  for  later  crops.  Corn  on  a  good 
legume  sod  needs  little  or  no  additional  ni¬ 
trogen .  .  .  3-12-6  fertilizer,  or  0-20-10,  if  there 
is  lots  of  clover  in  the  sod.  If  manure  has  been 
used,  superphosphate  alone  will  do  the  job. . . . 


COOPE 


RA 


. .  .  Thus  lime  saves  nitrogen 


TIVE  G.L.F.  EXCHANGE,  INC.,  ITHACA,  N.  V. 


The  Farm 
Front  Today* 

★  ★  ★ 

Highlights  from  G.L.F.’s 
Weekly  Radio  Report 


Burlap  Blockade 

Many  weeks  ago  we  heard  that  the  most 
critical  shortage  on  the  farm  front  was  the 
shortage  of  burlap  bags.  That  statement 
might  well  be  repeated  today,  only  that 
the  shortage  is  ten  times  more  critical  now. 

There  are  large  reserves  of  burlap  in  this 
country,  it  is  true,  but  all  of  them  are  in 
the  hands  of  the  United  States  Army.  The 
Army  desperately  needs  this  burlap  for 
sandbags  and  for  containers  to  ship  war 
materials.  Clearly  it  will  be  impossible  to 
release  very  much,  if  any,  for  agricultural 
use.  In  time,  it  may  be  possible  for  the 
cotton  industry  to  produce  enough  bags  to 
relieve  the  shortage  somewhat.  This  can¬ 
not  happen  for  many  months,  however. 

In  the  meantime,  everyone  who  buys  or 
sells  or  handles  feed  in  any  way,  is  up 
against  a  tough  problem.  That  problem  is 
how  to  keep  the  present  supply  of  burlap 
bags — those  bags  that  are  now  on  hand  at 
mills,  country  warehouses,  farmers’  barns, 
and  in  transit  between  any  of  these  points 
— on  the  job  and  in  condition  to  carry  feed 
from  mill  to  farm. 

Every  farmer  who  purchases  feed 
through  his  Cooperative  G.L.F.  should  do 
everything  in  his  power  to  see  that  the 
bags  this  feed  comes  in  get  promptly  and 
in  good  condition  to  the  Service  Agency 
that  serves  him.  Only  in  this  way  can 
farmers  be  sure  their  feed  bags  remain  in 
G.L.F.  territory.  Many  bags  sold  to 
second-hand  dealers  are  often  shipped'  to 
the  west.  This  makes  the  bag  shortage 
here  in  the  northeast  even  more  critical. 
Your  G.L.F.  Service  Agency  will  give  you 
the  maximum  price  permitted  under  the 
law,  according  to  the  size  and  the  condi¬ 
tion  of  the  bags. 

Building  Ban 

Today,  home  owners  may  not  start 
construction  without  a  government  per¬ 
mit,  except  on  repair  and  maintenance 
projects,  for  which  the  materials  will  not 
cost  more  than  five  hundred  dollars.  If 
you  want  to  fix  up  the  barn  and  the  ma¬ 
terials  for  the  job  will  cost  less  than  five 
hundred  dollars,  it  is  all  right  to  go  ahead 
without  a  permit,  but  you  still  have  no 
assurance  whatever  of  getting  the  ma¬ 
terials.  And  such  materials  as  electric 
wiring  and  steel  roofing  are  virtually  un¬ 
obtainable  in  many  communities  right 
now.  Similar  limitations  have  been  placed 
on  business  construction. 

Purchasing  Guide 

Every  G.L.F.  patron  has  been  mailed 
his  copy  of  the  1942  Edition  ol  the  G.L.F. 
Patrons  Purchasing  Guide.  With  priorities, 
rationing,  scarcities,  and  price  ceilings 
affecting  almost  everything  that  is  used  on 
the  farm,  this  book  undertakes  to  bring 
G.L.F.  patrons  up-to-date  on  the  effect  of 
all  the  things — on  the  tools,  equipment, 
and  farm  materials.  It  is  a  book  you  will 
use  a  lot  this  spring.  It  is  a  report  to  you 
from  your  G.L.F.  hired  men  who  are  on 
the  firing  line,  doing  everything  they  can 
to  bring  you  the  supplies  you  will  need. 


*The  Farm  Front  Today 


Every  MONDAY  on  these  Stations 


Watertown  WATN 

Rochester  WHAM 

Syracuse  WSYR 

Troy  WTRY 

Bridgeton  WSNJ 

Newburgh  WGNY 

Scranton  WGBI 

Buffalo  WBEN 


12:05  P.M. 
7:12  A.M. 
12:35  P.M. 
12:15  P.M. 
12:30  P.M. 
1:05  P.M. 
7:00  A.M. 
12:50  P.M. 


Also  G.L.F.  newscasts  over  Station 
WHCU,  Ithaca,  Dial  870,  every  day 
at  7:00  A.M.;  7:50  A.M.;  12:00 
Noon;  7:30  P.M. 


American  Agriculturist,  April  25,  iy4z 


3  (257) 


44Free  Farmers”  Rally 
to  Figlit  John  L.  Lewis 


ACCORDING  to  an  editorial  in  the 
April  14  issue  of  the  New  York 
Mirror,  John  L.  Lewis  receives  from 
the  United  Mine  Workers  a  salary  of 
$25,000  a  year — plus  expenses.  ‘‘That 
‘plus  expenses’  is  an  item  that  remains 
a  secret,”  says  the  Mirror. 

‘‘That’s  only  the  beginning  of  the 
Lewis  family  business,”  continues  the 
Mirror.  “His  able  daughter  Kathryn, 
Secretary-Treasurer  of  District  50  of 
the  UMW,  draws  $7,500 — plus  ex¬ 
penses.  His  brother  Denny  Lewis,  as 
chairman  of  the  United  Construction 
Workers  Organizing  Committee,  draws 
down  $10,000 — plus  expenses.  And 
other  in-laws  and  relatives  of  John  L. 
Lewis  tilt  the  total  take  to  about 
$110,000  a  year.” 

The  Mirror  goes  on  to  say:  “And 
though  the  Lewis  outfit  is  not  a  racket 
in  the  sense  that  Bioff  and  Schultz  and 
Scalise  ran  rackets,  still  they  have 
used  some  of  the  same  kind  of  hood¬ 
lums.  These  ex-organizers  used  by  the 
Lewis  outfit  are  now  ‘doing  time’  be¬ 
hind  bars  for  criminal  convictions : 
Carmen  Seratelli  (Fats  Farley),  Wal¬ 
ter  L>uda,  Frankie  Delia,  Sidney  Hurst, 
Charles  Adams,  Willie  Edwards,  and 
Gordon  Sugg.  A  District  50  organizer 
in  West  yirginia  named  Estep  is  now 
under  indictment  fop  murder. 

“The  Lewis  outfit  is  now  moving 
quietly  into  the  fattest  ‘gravy  lake’  yet 
‘mapped  for  a  muscle-in’ : 

“The  milk  industry  of  America,  com¬ 
prising  some  3  million  dairy  farmers. 

“When  a  mobster  ‘maps  a  muscle- 
in’,  the  first  thing  he  wants  to  know 
is:  ‘What’s  the  take’? 

“In  the  dairy  business,  you  can  fig¬ 
ure  it  like  this :  The  milk  industry  is 
larger  than  coal,  steel,  aircraft,  or 
automobiles. 

“How  about  possible  dues?  Golden 
opportunity!  The  Lewis  United  Dairy 
Farmers’  Union  will  take  as  dues  from 
member  farmers  2c  for  each  hundred¬ 
weight  of  milk  produced. 

“If  John  L.  Lewis  gets  Che  kind  of 
a  closed  shop  among  dairy  farmers 
that  he  has  hammered  out  in  the  coal 
industry,  the  total  cream  he  could 
skim  off  the  125  billion  pounds  of  milk 
this  year  would  be  $20,000,000.” 

What  Unionization  Really  Means 
Mr.  Holland  R.  Foster,  Chairman  of 
the  Dairy  Farmers’  Union,  is  reported 
to  have  said  recently  that  every  bottle 
of  milk  coming  into  New  York  City 
will  bear  a  union  label  if  the  Dairy 
Farmers’  Union  gets  the  strength  it 
anticipates  with  its  affiliation  with 
John  L.  Lewis’  United  Mine  Workers 
of  America.  Under  the  union’s  pro¬ 
gram,  according  to  Mr.  Foster’s  report¬ 
ed  statement,  the  label  would  signify 
that  the  milk  had  been  produced  by  a 
union  farmer,  handled  exclusively  by 
union  labor  at  the  receiving  and  pas¬ 
teurizing  plants,  and  delivered  by  a 
union  driver.  \ 

Of  course,  any  such  plan  would  in¬ 
clude  organization  of  the  farmer’s  hir¬ 
ed  men.  These  men  would  be  on  an 
eight-hour  day,  they  would  be  paid 
union  wages,  and  they  would  be  hired 
and  fired  when  the  union  said  so.  Right 
on  this  point,  the  organized  hired  men 
who  milk  cows  in  the  Los  Angeles, 
California,  milk  market  went  on  strike 
on  March  1,  and  finally  were  granted 
concessions  that  raised  their  wages  to 
$165  a  month  per  man,  which  together 
with  a  day  off  per  week,  extra  pound¬ 
age  requirements,  and  compensation 
insurance,  makes  the  total  labor  cost 
for  milking  30  cows  approximately 
$215  per  month! 

Think  for  a  moment  of  the  price  that 
milk  in  the  cities  would  have  to  sell 
for  to  take  care  of  all  of  John  Lewis’ 


“salaries”,  plus  all  the  extra  charges 
dairymen  would  have  to  pay,  beginning 
with  their  hired  men  and  ending  with 
the  Union  drivers  in  the  city.  On  top 
of  these  costs,  United  Mine  Workers 
promise  the  dairymen  cost  of  produc¬ 
tion  plus  a  profit  for  ALL  the  milk 
they  can  produce.  What  absurd  non¬ 
sense!  Milk  would  have  to  sell  to 
consumers  in  the  city  for  from  20  to 
25  cents  a  quart  to  meet  all  of  these 
costs.  The  consumers  wouldn’t  buy  it. 
How  long  would  Lewis’  city  organiza¬ 
tion  hold  together  if  his  large  mem¬ 
bership,  consisting  mostly  of  city  con¬ 
sumers,  knew  that  he  was  responsible 
for  putting  the  retail  price  of  milk 
skyhigh  ? 

What  Lewis  Really  Wants 

John  L.  Lewis  is  a  smart  man.  He 
knows,  just  as  any  thinking  farmer 
knows,  that  the  golden  promises  of  his 
organizers  are  made  with  just  one  pur¬ 
pose  and  only  one,  and  that  is  to  get 
the  farmers  into  a  closed  shop  where 
he,  his  family,  and  his  associates 
can  make  a  tremendous  check-off  from 
the  farmers’  income.  Even  more  im¬ 
portant  is  that  Lewis  is  really  after 
the  great  power  that  could  come  from 
organizing  all  of  the  farmers  of  Am¬ 
erica.  It  is  a  perfect  pattern  for  dic¬ 
tatorship. 

But,  as  we  told  you  in  our  last  issue, 
the  farmers  of  America  are  not  going 

to  take  this  threat  lying  down.  The 

organizations  and  their  leaders  have 
forgotten  all  minor  differences,  and 
have  rallied  together  as  they  have 
never  rallied  before.  Special  organi¬ 
zations  to  fight  this  menace  have  been 
set  up  in  nearly  every  milk  shed  in 
America,  and  these  are  supported  by 
practically  every  farm  organization  in 
America,  both  local  and  national.  In 
the  New  York  milk  shed,  including 
New  York,  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey, 
and  Vermont,  the  organizations  have 
established  a  non-profit  membership 
corporation  called  Free  Farmers,  Inc. 
Free  Farmers,  representing  organiza¬ 
tions  of  the  Northeast,  have  elected  a 
Board  of  Directors. 

Who  Leads  the  Fight  for  Free 
Farmers 

On  this  Board  of  Directors  are:  H. 
W.  Voorhees,  Trenton,  New  Jersey, 
President  of  the  New  Jersey  Farm  Bu¬ 
reau;  W.  J.  Rich,  Salem,  New  York, 
Master  of  the  New  York  State  Grange; 
D.  H.  Agans,  Three  Bridges,  New  Jer¬ 
sey,  Master  of  the  New  Jersey  State 
Grange;  Mrs.  W.  H.  Potter,  Truxton, 
New  York,  President  New  York  Home 
Bureau;  S.  Seeley  Reynolds,  Middle- 
bury,  Vermont,  Eastern  Farmers’  Ex¬ 
change;  C.  C.  DuMond,  President  New 
York  Farm  Bureau;  L.  A.  Chapin, 
North  Bangor,  New  York,  Dairymen’s 
League  Cooperative  Association;  J.  A. 
McConnell,  Manager  of  the  G.L.F., 
Ithaca,  New  York;  and  Gerald  Schum- 
way,  Wyalusing,  Pennsylvania,  Mas¬ 
ter  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Grange. 

Offices  have  been  opened  at  Ithaca, 
in  charge  of  Mr.  Charles  L.  Dickinson, 
Executive  Secretary.  You  will  note 
from  the  names  of  the  above  directors 
and  their  organizations  that  this  is 
regarded  as  a  fight  for  all  agriculture 
and  not  of  dairymen  alone.  More  than 

this,  farmers  believe  that  this  fight 
goes  far  beyond  agriculture  to  the  pro¬ 
tection  of  the  fundamental  principles 
of  democracy. 

A  group  insurance  policy,  bought 
and  paid  for  by  Free  Farmers,  will 
protect  any  farmer  who  is  willing  to 
stand  up  and  be  counted,  against  per- 

( Continued  on  Page  17) 


RICHER  TASTE. 
YET  NO  BITE 


No  Wonder  Prince  Albert  Leads 


with  Farmers  from  Coast  to  Coast! 


GOSH  ! 

PRINCE  ALBERT'S  | 

A  LOT  OF  SMOKING’ 

JOY  FOR  A  LITTLE 
MONEY.  THERE'S  NO 
HARSHNESS,  NO  BITE- 
JUST  SMOOTH  MILDNESS, 
YET  WITH  GOOD,  RICH 
TASTE.  RA.'S  THE 
RIGHT  CUT  FOR  EASY 
PACKING,  FREE  DRAW¬ 
ING-IN  PAPERS ,  TOO! 

K.  J.  Reynolds  Tobacco  Co. ,  Winston-Salem,  N.  C. 

In  recent  laboratory 
'smoking  bowl”  tests, 

Prince  Albert  burned 

DEGREES 
COOLER 

than  the  average  of 


the  30  other  of  the  largest- 
selling  brands  tested 
...coolest  of  all! 


pipefuls  of  fragrant  tobacco 
in  every  handy  pocket  can 
of  Prince  Albert 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw  it  in 
AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


(258)  4. 


American  Agriculturist,  April  25,  1942 


B  V  E .  R.  E  A  S  T/AA  N 


Address  all  mail  for  Editorial  or  Advertis¬ 
ing  departments  to  American  Agriculturist 
Savings  Bank  Building.  Ithaca.  New  York. 


JOIN  THE  FARM  FRONT 

E  OF  American  Agriculturist  have  as¬ 
sembled  all  information  available  on  the 
draft  as  it  applies  to  farmers,  and  have  printed 
the  important  part  of  this  information  on  page  1. 
A  careful  reading  of  this  article  may  enable 
you  to  keep  your  son  or  hired  man  on  the  farm 
to  help  raise  food  to  win  this  war. 

In  the  first  world  war,  over  a  million  less  per¬ 
sons  were  employed  on  farms  at  the  end  of  the 
war  than  at  the  beginning.  So  far  in  this  war, 
including  the  defense  period,  over  750,000  per¬ 
sons  have  already  left  agriculture.  On  January 
1,  there  were  462,000  less  persons  employed  on 
farms  than  during  the  average  of  the  five-year 
period  from  1936-40.  Thus,  in  1942,  we  began 
the  year  short  more  than  a  million  workers 
needed  to  do  the  production  job  farmers  are 
called  upon  to  do.  Added  to  this  great  short¬ 
age  are  those  who  have  left  or  are  leaving  farm¬ 
ing  in  1942. 

This  labor  shortage  is  a  concrete  problem  on 
every  one  out  of  five  farms  in  the  United  States, 
and  if  it  continues  to  grow  worse,  we  can  have 
a  food  shortage  that  will  lose  the  war.  That  is 
why  American  Agriculturist  is  trying  to  impress 
both  farmers  and  government  officials  with  the 
need  of  keeping  sons  and  hired  men  who  are 
skilled  in  agriculture  on  the  farm  front. 

NEEDS  WATCHING 

ARLY  IN  APRIL  the  United  States  gov¬ 
ernment  went  into  the  purchase  and  hand¬ 
ling  of  milk  in  the  New  York  milk  shed  by 
taking  over  the  operation  of  a  cheese  plant  in 
Syracuse,  New  York.  For  full  story  see  Page  11. 

The  excuse  for  this  move,  given  by  Milk 
Administrator  N.  J.  Cladakis,  was  that  it  was 
needed  in  order  to  furnish  a  market  for  some 
cooperative  milk  plants.  The  point  to  be  re¬ 
membered,  however,  is  th&t  had  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  been  fair  to  dairymen  with 
its  recent  amendments  to  the  milk  Order,  it 
would  not  have  been  necessary  for  the  govern¬ 
ment  to  move  into  the  milk  business.  In  other 
words,  the  government  itself  makes  a  situation 
where  it  is  impossible  for  private  or  cooperative 
business  to  operate,  and  then  comes  into  the 
business  itself.  This  is  not  in  accord  with  the 
American  way  of  business  nor  with  true  dem¬ 
ocracy.  It  is  a  dangerous  move,  and  should  be 
watched  with  suspicion  by  farmers  everywhere 
to  see  that  it  does  not  grow. 

FARMERS  DEMAND  ECfcUAL  RASIS 

OME  of  the  newspapers  in  the  larger  cities 
and  some  city  politicians  are  calling  farmers 
and  their  leaders  unpatriotic  because  farm  or¬ 
ganizations  have  stood  up  for  farmers’  rights  in 
demanding  fair  prices  for  farm  products.  The 

great  majority  of  famers  would  be  willing  to 

have  a  ceiling  put  on  the  prices  of  farm  prod- 

ucts,  providing  there  also  was  a  ceiling  put  on 

everything  else,  including  wages.  But  it  is 

grossly  unfair  and  not  good  for  the  country  it¬ 
self  to  demand  that  farmers  keep  their  prices 
down,  in  many  cases  below  the  cost  of  produc¬ 
tion,  while  wages,  the  chief  cost  in  everything 
the  farmer  buys,  are  not  restricted  in  any  way. 

At  a  time  when  the  farmer  cannot  -get  help 
or  machinery  and  is  working  12  to  15  hours  a 
day  to  produce  food  to  win  the  war,  it  makes 


me  kind  of  tired  to  hear  the  politicians  continue 
to  support  a  forty-hour  week  and  time  and  a 
half  for  overtime. 

Figures  from  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics 
show  that  in  the  manufacturing  industries  the 
following  increases  occurred  in  wage  standards 
between  June  1940  and  December,  1941 : 


Average  hourly  earnings  -  -  -  17% 

Average  weekly  earnings  -  -  31% 

Cost  of  living  ------  10% 


Let’s  put  everyone  on  the  same  basis,  and 
then  pull  together  to  win  the  war. 

KEEP  LOC  AL  CONTROL 

C CENTRALIZATION  of  government  in 
J  Washington,  removing  democratic  control 
farther  and  farther  from  the  people  themselves, 
goes  constantly  on.  One  of  the  latest  examples 
is  a  recent  ruling  of  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court  that  renovated  butter  on  which  a  Federal 
tax  has  been  paid  cannot  be  seized  by  the  State 
even  though  that  butter  is  lower  in  quality  than 
the  State’s  standards. 

If  there  is  to  be  any  liberty  left  to  the  people 
of  America,  there  must  be  a  united  demand  to 
restore  freedom  of  local  action  to  the  people 
when  the  war  is  over. 

FREIGHT  IS  MOVING 

AILROADS  of  America  are  doing  their 
part  to  win  the  war.  In  spite  of  the  great¬ 
est  demand  ever  put  on  the  railroads  for  trans¬ 
portation  of  every  kind,  they  are  doing  the  job. 
Quick  loading  and  unloading  of  cars  by  ship¬ 
pers,  the  carrying  of  heavier  loads,  and  the  co¬ 
operation  of  all  the  railroads  in  pooling  equip¬ 
ment  have  enabled  the  railroads  to  handle  the 
heaviest  freight  movements  in  their  history. 

TRUTH  ALWAYS  PREVAILS 

Truth  forever  on  the  scaffold;  Wrong  for¬ 
ever  on  the  throne; 

Yet  that  scaffold  sways  the  future,  and  behind 
the  dim  unknown 

Standeth  God  within  the  shadow,  keeping 
watch  above  His  own. 

— James  Russell  Lowell. 

WHEN  WE  LOOK  at  the  world  today, 
particularly  if  it  has  been  our  lot  to  suf¬ 
fer  the  sacrifice  and  the  tears,  we  find  it  diffi¬ 
cult  to  believe  what  the  great  poet  said,  hard 
sometimes  to  keep  our  faith  that  Truth  will 
rise  again.  But  Goodness  and  Right  will  pre¬ 
vail  again  stronger  than  ever,  for  that  is  God’s 
way,  and  it  is  proved  by  history.  I  know  of 
few  better  ways  of  increasing  one’s  faith  during 
bad  times  like  these  than  in  reading  the  Bible 
and  in  reading  history,  because  both  history  and 
the  Bible  prove  that  all  progress  of  mankind 
has  been  made  by  taking  three  steps  ahead  and 
slipping  back  two. 

Mr.  W.  J.  Cameron,  speaking  on  the  Ford 
Sunday  Evening  Hour  on  March  1,  expressed 
beautifully  this  same  idea.  Said  he: 

“Our  observation  is  that  every  mountain  of 
achievement  ascended,  brings  in  view  a  loftier  peak 
farther  on,  but  —  if  you  know  mountains — the  way 

up  to  that  higher  peak  always  leads  down  a  little 

through  another  valley.  That’s  the  topography  of 
history  and  life.  Their  ‘ups  and  downs’  are  mostly 
‘ups  and  downs  and  ups’  again.  The  history  of  the 
influence  of  Jesus  in  the  world,  with  its  ups-and- 


downs-and-ups  again,  is  a  good  general  illustration 
of  this.  For  the  first  500  years  it  advanced  mar¬ 
vellously,  then  from  various  causes  it  declined  for 
450  years.  Following  that  there  was  a  400-year 
advance  and  a  150-year  recession.  Then  came  a 
wonderful  increase  for  250  years,  which  receded 
somewhat  for  65  years.  The  latest  great  advance 
lasted  99  years’  and  brought  us  to  the  year  1914; 
and  now,  with  much  else  that  is  good,  it  seems  to 
be  in  another  decline.  But  the  point  of  the  history 
is  that  each  recession  was  slighter  than  the  previous 

one,  and  each  succeeding  rise  higher.  The  reces¬ 
sions  seemed  to  supply  the  means  for  the  greater 
advances  that  followed.  This  may  help  you  in 
thinking  of  these  times.” 

BURNED  BUILDINGS 

CAN  LOOK  out  of  the  windows  of  the  edi¬ 
torial  offices  of  American  Agriculturist  as  I 
write  this  and  see  a  cloud  of  smoke  down  at  the 
other  end  of  the  city  where  a  big  double  house 
is  burning  in  spite  of  the  efforts  of  the  firemen. 
I  don’t  know  the  cause  of  that  fire,  but  I’d  be 
willing  to  bet  that  it  could  have  been  prevented. 

In  the  country,  there  is  no  fire  company.  The 
safety  of  your  buildings  must  depend  entirely 
on  your  own  fire  prevention  habits.  It  is  diffi¬ 
cult  at  any  time  for  a  farmer,  even  when  his 
buildings  are  fully  insured,  to  replace  them  af¬ 
ter  a  fire.  But  during  this  war  time  it  is  im¬ 
possible  to  get  material,  so  a  farm  fire  puts  that 
farm  out  of  business.  Yet  on  an  average  three 
or  four  farm  buildings  go  up  in  smoke  every 
day  somewhere  in  the  Northeast.  This  tre¬ 
mendous  loss  would  be  bad  enough  in  ordinary 
times.  It  is  absolutely  ruinous  now. 

That’s  the  reason  why  greater  care  than  ever 
should  be  taken  to  prevent  fires.  Check  your 
buildings  over  as  soon  as  you  have  read  this. 
Where  are  the  fire  hazards?  Most  of  them  can 
be  corrected.  That  certainly  goes  also  for  the 
habits  of  the  family  and  the  help.  Do  you  per¬ 
mit  smoking  in  the  barn?  How  about  throw¬ 
ing  down  a  cigarette  stub  anywhere  around  the 
place  without  making  sure  that  it  is  out?  Have 
you  thought  through  what  you  would  do  if  a 
fire  started?  Have  you  two  or  three  extinguish¬ 
ers  handy  where  they  can  be  grabbed  in  a 
hurry?  Have  you  ever  thought  of  organizing  a 
community  fire  brigade  in  your  neighborhood? 

These  are  just  a  few  suggestions.  There  are 
many  others. 

CIVIL  WAR  ROLL  CALL 

OW  MANY  Civil  War  veterans  in  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist  land  are  or  will  be  a 
hundred  years  old  or  over  before  the  end  of  1942? 
If  you  know  of  any,  send  us  their  names  and  ad¬ 
dresses,  with  the  names  of  their  regiments  and 
dates  of  enlistment  and  discharge.  We  will 
publish  them  in  a  Roll  of  Honor. 

EASTMAN'S  CHESTNUT 

HERE  is  a  story  about  my  friend  Van 
Hart,  Extension  Professor  in  Farm  Man¬ 
agement  on  the  staff  of  the  New  York  State 
College  of  Agriculture.  It  seems  that  Van, 
while  driving  a  car,  crashed  into  a  telephone 
pole.  Wire,  pole  and  everything  came  down 
around  his  ears.  He  was  found  unconscious  in 
the  wreckage,  but  as  he  was  being  untangled 
he  came  to,  reached  out  feebly,  fingered  a  wire, 
and  murmured: 

“Thank  Heaven.  They’ve  given  me  a  harp?’ 


AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  Constructive  and  Progressive  Since  1842.  Volume  139.  No.  9.  Published  every  other  Saturday  at  10  North  Cherry  St..  Poughkeepsie.  N.  Y.  Editorial  aEd 
Advertising  offices  at  Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Advertising  Representatives.  The  Katz  Agency.— Entered  as  Second  Class  Matter,  December  3,  1927.  at  the  Post  Office  at  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.. 
of  March  6,  1879  —  Frank  E.  Gannett,  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors;  E.  R.  Eastman,  president  and  editor:  Hugh  L.  Cosline,  associate  editor;  Fred  W.  Ohm.  production  manager;  Mrs.  Grace  Watkins  UUOKeti,  uu<i«»«^ 
editor;  A1  Coleman,  art  editor.  Contributing  editors:  L.  B.  Skeffington  Jared  Van  Wagenen,  Jr.,  Ed.  Mitchell.  ,  I'aul  Work,  L.  E.  Weaver,  J.  C.  Huttar;  I.  W.  Ingalls,  advertising  manager:  L  C.  \\  eatiiei  0} . 
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American  Agriculturist,  April  25,  1942 


A  Continued  Story  by 
C.  E.  LADD  and  E.  R.  EASTMAN 


CHAPTER  XXXVL 

True  Stories  of  I  he  Old- 
Time  Neighborhoods 

THE  OTHER  NIGHT,  Partner, 
my  friend  Harold  dropped  in, 
and  immediately  we  fell  to  re¬ 
calling  funny  stories  about  the 
folks  we  knew  back  in  the  Horse  and 
Buggy  days,  the  things  they  said  and 
did.  Like  many  other  middle-aged 
farm  folks,  we  both  grew  up  in  neigh¬ 
borhoods  that  had  changed  little,  ex¬ 
cept  for  the  coming  of  farm  machin¬ 
ery,  since  the  pioneer  days  when  those 
farms  were  first  settled.  In  the  val¬ 
ley  where  I  lived,  for  example,  the 
stage  coach  rattled  down  the  valley 
every  morning  through  the  snow,  the 
mud,  or  the  dust,  returning  late  in  the 
afternoon  and  delivering  its  sack  of 
mail  to  the  local  farmhouse  post  office. 

I  used  to  look  at  the  passengers  who 
climbed  off  the  coach  and  wonder 
about  strange  adventures  they  had 
seen  that  day  in  the  distant,  over-sized 
village  only  twelve  miles  away,  the 
terminus  of  the  stage  line.  For  I  never 
saw  that  village,  or  any  other  as  large, 
to  say  nothing  of  any  city,  until  I  was 
ten  or  twelve  years  old. 

In  our  neighborhood  lived  an  old 
man  who  had  never  been  in  a  city,  and 
had  never  ridden  on  cars.  Up  to  the 
coming  of  the  automobile,  the  people 
in  hundreds  of  such  communities,  un¬ 
spoiled  by  modern  gadgets,  were  just 
the  same  as  they  had  been  for  genera¬ 
tions.  The  farms  and  the  neighbor¬ 
hood  were  almost  completely  sufficient 
unto  themselves.  Cash  was  scarce,  of 
course,  but  there  was  little  need  of 
much  cash.  The  farm  boy  and  girl 
were  married  in  the  little  country 
church,  the  country  doctor  brought 
their  children  into  the  world  and  cared 
for  them  in  their  sicknesses  and  their 
troubles  as  much  by  his  friendly  coun¬ 
sel  as  by  his  pills.  The  children  went 
to  school  in  the  little  red  schoolhouse, 
which  though  it  had  its  limitations  was 
one  of  the  most  democratic  institutions 
the  world  has  ever  seen.  The  roads 
were  worked  by  the  farmers  them¬ 
selves.  Finally,  when  Life’s  journey 
was  done,  the  whole  neighborhood 
gathered  to  pay  their  respects  and  to 
bury  their  lifelong  friend  and  neighbor 
in  the  little  yard  by  the  country  church 
where  his  fathers  and  their  fathers 
had  been  buried  since  the  beginning 
of  the  settlement. 

Don’t  think  that  there  wasn’t  plenty 
of  entertainment  and  fun.  There  were 
spelling  bees,  singing  schools,  and 
friendly  visiting,  and  best  of  all,  who 
is  there  among  our  middle-aged  folks 
who  doesn’t  have  pleasant  memories 
of  the  family  singing  around  the  organ 
or  reading  by  the  old  “settin’-room” 
stove,  and  eating  whole  pans  of  apples 
or  popcorn  in  one  evening?  Perhaps 
the  folks  of  the  Horse  and  Buggy 
Days  weren’t  any  happier  than  we  are 
now.  None  of  us  would  turn  the  clock 
back  if  we  could.  But  sometimes  when 
the  complexities  and  complications  of 
modern  life  pile  up  on  us,  many  of  us 
do  wish  that  Life  could  be  simpler. 

Well,  those  were  some  of  the  things 
my  friend  and  I  talked  over  before  we 
got  to  swapping  stories  about  the  folks 
we  used  to  know  in  the  old  days.  In 
the  threshing  and  silo-filling  gangs, 


ed  one  of  the  boys  who  was  about  12 
years  old  to  go  out  and  dig  a  mess  of 
potatoes  for  dinner.  After  waiting  im¬ 
patiently  for  a  long  time,  she  went 
out  to  the  potato  patch.  There  she 
found  the  boy  lying  between  the  rows, 
deathly  sick. 

“Oh,  Henry,’’  she  said  —  “Henry  — 
what’s  the  matter?” 

To  which  Henry  replied: 

“Oh,  Mother,  why  doth  a  youth 
smoketh  a  cigar!” 

This  family,  like  all  farm  folks,  was 
very  generous  and  hospitable,  and 
never  turned  anyone  away  from  the 
door.  Consequently  they  were  some¬ 
times  imposed  upon.  One  distant  rela- 
around  the  big  potbellied  stove  in  the  five  had  a  habit  of  coming  often,  fre- 
country  store,  while  waiting  for  the  quently  arriving  in  the  middle  of  the 
milk  to  be  separated  at  the  local  but-  night.  This  meant  that  Henry  would 
ter  factory,  or  for  the  mail  to  be  sort-  have  to  leave  his  warm  bed  and  crawl 
ed  in  the  country  post  office,  in  fact,  jn  with  two  brothers  in  another  bed. 
wherever  men  gathered  in  the  old-time  That  naturally  didn’t  please  Henry 
neighborhoods,  there  was  never-ending  much,  so  as  the  old  Yankees  used  to 
joshing  and  story-telling.  That  is  one  say,  he  took  steps.  After  the  boys  had 
thing  I  like  about  you,  Partner,  you  gone  to  bed  one  night,  Henry  heard 
can  tell  those  stories  like  nobody’s  the  relation’s  unwelcome  voice  down- 
business.  What  great  reading  they  stairs,  so  he  sprinkled  his  bed  well  with 
would  make  if  we  could  remember  and  pins  which  he  had  kept  handy  for  just 
tell  them  with  the  same  atmosphere  in  such  an  occasion.  Then  he  went  and 
which  they  happened!  crawled  in  with  his  brothers.  Soon 

In  one  of  those  horse  and  buggy  afterwards,  the  visitor  climbed  into 
neighborhoods,  far  removed  from  a  Henry’s  nice  warm  bed,  but  very 


railroad,  I  remember  that  there  lived 
a  farmer  and  his  wife  with  a  large 
family  of  boys,  all  of  whom  were  so 
full  of  deviltry  that  there  seldom  was 
a  dull  moment  around  the  farm.  One 
day  the  father  and  mother  went  away, 
instructing  the  boys  to  spend  the  day 
drawing  out  manure.  The  manure 
was  frozen  hard,  and  well  tied  together 
with  half  eaten  corn  stalks.  After 
tugging  at  it  for  a  while,  the  boys,  boy¬ 
like,  got  discouraged,  and  one  of  them 
had  a  brilliant  idea.  He  went  into 
the  stable,  got  an  old  mare  whom  they 


quickly  got  right  out  again,  and  while 
he  was  yanking  on  his  clothes  Henry 
heard  him  muttering  something  about 

those  d -  boys.  Then  he'’  left  the 

house,  never  to  return.  It  was  years 
before  the  parents  found  out  why  they 
were  no  longer  troubled  with  their 
star  boarder. 

A  prominent  member  of  the  little 
country  church  in  the  neighborhood 
had  a  habit  of  chewing  a  small  cud  of 
tobacco  during  the  service.  Whenever 
an  opportunity  presented  itself,  this 


man  would  get  on  to  his  feet  to  take 
called  Old  Meacham  after  one  of  the  part  in  the  service,  always  removing 
local  characters.  This  mare  was  a  the  tobacco  from  his  mouth  and  park- 


kicker,  so  one  of  the  boys  climbed  on 
her,  backed  her  up  against  the  frozen 
manure  pile,  while  another  boy  tickled 
her  belly  with  a  long  stick.  Where- 


ing  it  carefully  on  the  seat  beside  him. 
One  of  the  boys  from  this  same  fami¬ 
ly  mentioned  above  had  noticed  this 
habit,  and  connived  one  evening  at 


upon  she  went  into  action  with  her  prayer  meeting  to  sit  beside  this  man. 
heejs,  whacking  the  manure  pile.  The  When  the  man  got  up  to  testify,  as 
story  doesn’t  tell  what  results  were  had  was  his  custom,  he  placed  his  cud  of 
so  far  as  getting  the  manure  loose  tobacco  carefully  on  the  seat  beside 
was  concerned,  but  unfortunately  for  him.  The  boy  just  as  carefully  remov- 
the  boys,  their  Dad  came  home  just  at  ed  the  tobacco  and  put  a  small  wad  of 
the  wrong  time  and  they  all  got  a  dried  tansy  in  its  place.  Just  remem- 
good  licking.  ber  that  tansy  is  about  the  bitterest 

In  that  same  family,  the  mother  ask-  stuff  in  the  world,  and  you  cgn  imagine 


MIRANDY’S  in  an  awful 
stew,  she  doesn’t  know 
just  what  to  do  about  her 
plan  to  make  her  flock  pay 
no  attention  to  the  clock. 
She’s  been  a-makin’  ev’ry 
hen  stay  up  until  away  past 
ten,  she  says  they  lay  at  the 
best  rate  when  henhouse 
lights  are  left  on  late.  But 
blackout  talk  has  got  my 
wife  so  scared  she’s  certain 
that  her  life  depends  on  do¬ 
ing  things  just  right,  like 
turning  off  all  lights  at  night. 
I  tell  her  that  this  is  just 
bosh,  no  airman’s  dumb 
enough,  by  gosh,  to  come 
a-sneakin’  like  a  mouse  and 
blast  a  run-down  chicken 
house.  Mirandy  don’t  be¬ 
lieve  me  tho,  so  now  her  pul¬ 
lets  have  to  go  to  bed  at 
sundown  like  they  done  be¬ 
fore  this  here  war  was  be¬ 
gun. 

I  wouldn’t  tell  Mirandy 
this,  but  I  am  glad  to  see 
the  bliss  of  shorter  days 
brought  back  again  to  every 
single  laying  hen.  Nothin’ 
seems  so  bad  to  me  as  workin’  overtime,  by  gee,  a  hen’s  entitled  to  her 
rest  instead  of  sitting  on  a  nest  long  after  other  sleepy-heads  have  tum¬ 
bled  into  feather  beds.  In  fact,  I  never  could  see  why  the  nation’s  hens 
have  raised  no  cry  about  long  hours  and  higher  pay;  perhaps  they  should 
have  found  a  way  to  organize  a  union  so  all  us  poultrymen  would  know 
that  we  would  have  to  stop  the  crime  of  working  our  hens  overtime. 


5  (259) 


AWAKENING 

By  Anne  Murry  Movius. 

My  garden  slept 
So  still  and  white 
All  through  the  dark 
Of  winter’s  night. 

And  now  I  know 
Its  dreams  were  sweet, 
For  they  are  blooming 
At  my  feet. 

A  wealth  of  beauty 
In  scarlet  and  blue, 

My  garden’s  dreams 
That  all  came  true. 


what  happened  when  our  friend  start¬ 
ed  to  chew  again. 

Sometimes  in  one  of  these  neighbor¬ 
hoods  the  weekly  prayer  meeting  was 
held  in  the  little  schoolhouse  instead  of 
in  the  church.  I  have  often  marvelled 
at  the  Christian  faith  of  our  fathers 
and  mothers,  and  wished  that  we  had 
more  of  it  today.  Once  in  a  while 
there  was  one  of  those  worshipers  who 
believed  in  shouting  his  faith  from 
the  housetops.  One  of  these,  some¬ 
thing  of  a  local  character,  always  wore 
boots  that  must  have  been  about  three 
sizes  too  large  for  him.  When  he  got 
up  to  testify  in  prayer  meeting,  which 
he  always  did  in  a  voice  that  could  be 
heard  for  miles,  he  would  get  excited 
and  finally  begin  to  jump  up  and  down. 
At  the  height  of  his  excitement  he 
would  jump  almost  out  of  his  boots, 
falling  back  and  crowding  the  air  out 
of  the  boots  with  a  great  sploosh.  A 
lady  whom  I  have  known  for  quite 
some  spell,  who  was  a  small  girl  then, 
says  that  little  boys  and  girls  never 
had  to  be  forced  to  go  to  prayer  meet¬ 
ing  at  that  time  because  it  was  so 
much  fun  to  watch  the  old  fellow  jump 
out  of  his  boots. 

In  the  years  preceding  the  Civil 
War  there  was  in  a  farm  home  in  this 
same  neighborhood  a  station  of  the 
underground  railroad  used  by  runaway 
slaves  and  their  friends  to  get  from 
the  South  to  Canada.  One  time  a 
negro  girl  with  her  little  baby  pican- 
ninny,  hidden  in  a  load  of  straw,  ar¬ 
rived  at  this  station.  It  has  been  a 
long  time  since  I  heard  the  story,  but 
as  I  remember  it,  she  was  closely  pur¬ 
sued  by  officers  and  representatives  of 
her  master.  Suspecting  this  home,  the 
officers  searched  it  and  then  the  prem¬ 
ises.  But  anticipating  the  search,  the 
girl  and  her  baby  were  removed  from 
the  house  and  hidden  in  a  cavity  in  a 
stone  wall.  The  space  was  so  small, 
and  the  baby  and  the  young  mother  so 
crowded,  that  the  mother  was  afraid 
she  would  smother  the  child.  Both 
she  and  the  farmer  and  his  wife  spent 
the  time  of  the  search  praying  that  the 
baby  would  not  cry  and  give  them 
away.  And  their  prayers  were  an¬ 
swered. 

Many  years  later  I  made  a  trip  to 
that  neighborhood  to  visit  an  old  negro 
who  had  been  a  slave  in  his  boyhood 
days  and  had  come  north  by  way  of 
the  underground  railroad.  Old  Frank 
didn’t  know  how  old  he  was,  but  he 
must  have  been  over  90  when  I  knew 
him.  He  told  me  many  stories,  which 
probably  lost  nothing  in  the  telling,  of 
his  experiences  as  a  slave,  and  of  his 
exciting  trip  north. 

These  are  some  of  the  yarns,  Part¬ 
ner,  that  I  was  telling  Harold  when 
he  dropped  in  the  other  night.  All  of 
them  are  true  stories  of  the  old  days. 
But  I  don’t  think  he  was  listening  very 
much,  because  he  was  just  waiting  his 
chance  to  get  back  at  me  with  some 
of  his  own  stories.  He  too  had  grown 
up  in  just  such  a  neighborhood,  al¬ 
though  it  was  located  a  little  nearer  a 
big  city,  and  so  during  the  summer  it 
was  overrun  with  summer  boarders. 

( Continued  on  Page  20) 


(260)  6 


American  Agriculturist,  April  25.  1942 


A 


T 


i 


★  ★★★★★★★★ 


CONSERVE  FUEL? 

★  ★★★★★★  ★★ 


UTICA  Boilers  and 
Radiators  are  efficient 
and  economical. 


Our  Government  asks  everyone  to  save 
fuel  and  fuel  conservation  starts  with 
modernization.  An  effective  heating 
system  will  burn  less  fuel  and  give  better 
results  with  lower  maintenance.  The 
small  difference  in  price  between  a  good 
and  poor  heating  plant  is  quickly  saved 
through  lower  fuel  bills.  It  pays  to  have 
a  good  heating  system. 

Repair  for  Defense 

If  you  are  able  to  repair  your  heating  system  to 
put  it  in  good  working  order,  the  Government 
urges  you  to  do  so.  If  not,  however,  now  is  the 
time  to  install  a  good  heating  system  to  assure 
yourself  of  heating  comfort  for  years  to  come. 

Consult  Your  Local  Dealer 

Your  local  dealer,  who  is  our  representative,  is 
best  able  to  serve  you  and  he  will  be  glad  to 
inspect  your  heating  plant  and  give  you  a  free 
estimate  of  the  cost  of  repairs  or  replacement. 
A  generous  time-payment  plan  is  still  available 
with  a  moderate  down  payment,  eighteen 
months  to  pay  and  small  monthly  payments. 

UTICA  RADIATOR 

CORPORATION 

UTICA,  N.  Y. 


a 


RAYMOND  T.  COLOTON. 

“For  the  past  six  years  it  has  been  my 
privilege  and  pleasure  to  work  for  the  Am¬ 
erican  Agriculturist.  It  is  like  one  big  happy 
family  as  those  connected  with  the  firm  in 
the  office  are  so  interested  in  us  field  workers. 

“The  services  offered  by  field  workers  are 
so  practical  and  useful  in  the  time  of  need.” 

Raymond  T.  Coloton, 
Canton,  N.  Y. 


American  Agriculturist  is  dedicated  to 
help  win  this  war  by  helping  farmers  pro¬ 
duce  more  food  —  if  you  would  like  to 
help  by  explaining  our  services,  Write: 

E.  C.  WEATHERBY,  Secretary, 
American  Agriculturist, 

Savings  Bank  Building,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


Write  for  prices  on  Schroer’s  Better  Vegetable  Plants. 
Cabbage,  leading  varieties;  Onion,  Broccoli.  Certified 
Tomatoes:  Gulf  State  Market  (Pink),  Pritchard,  Bonny 
Best,  Stokesdale,  Marglobe,  Rutger,  Brimmer,  Ponder- 
osa,  John  Baer,  and  Baltimore.  Pepper:  Ruby  Giant, 
World  Beater,  California  Wonder.  Pimento,  red  Cay¬ 
enne  and  Hungarian  Yellow  Wax.  Black  Beauty  egg¬ 
plant.  Porto  Rico  Y'am  sweet  potato. 

SCHROER  PLANT  FARMS,  VALDOSTA,  GEORGIA 


STRAWBERRY 


PLANTS,  certified,  true 
to  name,  from  NEW 
plantings  direct  from  the  grower.  Premier — Fairfax — 
Cat  skill — Dorsett — Dresden — Pat  hfinder  —  Dunlap  —  Aber¬ 
deen.  100,  $1:  300,  $2.50;  500,  $3.50;  1000.  $7.  Masto¬ 
don-Gem  (Everbearing)  50,  80c;  100,  $1.50;  300,  $3.50: 
500,  $5;  1000,  $10.  Transp.  Coll.  Figure  each  variety 
separate.  EUREKA  FARMS,  MAPLE  VIEW,  N.  Y. 


Ctrauihorrv  Plante  Leading  varieties.  Stoekv 
OUdWUCliy  riallls  plants.  Prices  reasonable. 
Catalog  free.  W.  E.  BENNING,  CLYDE,  NEW  YORK. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


AUTOMOBILE  INSURANCE 


MERCH 

CASUA 


C.  W.  BROWN,  President 
BUFFALO,  N.Y. 

ASK  OUR  AGENT  IN  YOUR  TOWN  ABOUT  SURE  PROTECTION. 
PROMPT  SETTLEMENTS.  AND  ECONOMY,  WITH  PERSONAL  SERVICE 


MUTUAL 
MPANY 


I 

TACTICS  £&  W,  Mitchell 


APPARENTLY  there  are  three  ways 
to  fight  a  war;  by  treachery  and 
deceit,  by  taking  the  offensive  and 
striking  hard,  and  by  defending  your¬ 
self  from  enemy  blows.  Farmers  have 
a  war  to  fight  against  insect  pests  and 
plant  diseases  on  the  home  front,  and 
they  dare  not  risk  losing  it.  It’s  no 
use  trying  deceit  and  treachery,  you 
can’t  fool  the  bugs,  disease  organisms 
and  weather:  defensive  tactics  won’t 
work  because  it  is  too  late  to  save  a 
crop  after  damage  from  insects  or  dis¬ 
ease  appears;  we  must  take  the  offen¬ 
sive  and  strike  hard  from  the  start. 

It  has  been  said  that  ease  and  luxury 
have  softened  up  Americans  so  they 
won’t  fight,  or  can’t  fight.  If  that  is 
true  of  any  of  the  farm  population 
with  which  I  have  come  into  contact, 
I  have  failed  to  notice  either  the  ease 
and  luxury  of  farm  life,  or  any  of  that 
softening-up.  I  KNOW  they’ll  fight. 
From  the  oldest  man  to  the  youngest 
girl,  the  people  of  this  country  are  all 
steamed  up  to  fight  for  freedom 
whether  it  be  fighting  on  land,  sea  or 
in  the  air;  in  the  front  line  trench,  in 
the  factory  or  field  or  in  the  home. 
We  are  going  to  fight  and  we  are  go¬ 
ing  to  win,  but  let’s  plan  out  some 
tactics.  Check  on  this: 

Have  we  got  our  spray  and  dusting 
equipment  in  the  best  possible  shape 
for  the  coming  fray?  Have  we  on 
hand  those  repair  parts  which  sad  ex¬ 
perience  has  shown  to  be  a  customary 
need?  Is  the  water  supply  and  filling 
arrangement  as  efficient  and  fast  as  it 
can  be?  Are  spray  supplies  on  hand 
in  sufficient  amount  for  the  job?  And 
lastly,  is  work  planned  so  men  will 
be  on  hand  to  use  these  munitions  to 
the  best  effect?  All  those  items  are 
your  responsibility  and  mine,  and  we 
have  no  right  to  neglect  them  in  a  time 
like  this. 

Just  how  and  when  to  spray  and  dust 
to  save  our  crops  will  depend  on 
weather  and  conditions  in  each  indi¬ 
vidual  orchard  or  field  and  experience 
and  observation  of  each  owner  will 
have  to  be  his  guide;  but  for  most  of 
us  the  delayed  dormant  and  the  petal 


fall  sprays  are  the  supreme  test.  These 
are  generally  the  most  important 
sprays  of  the  season,  come  at  a  time 
when  wind  and  weather  are  tricky,  to 
say  the  least,  and  have  to  be  put  on 
within  a  limited  time.  Gear  our  offen¬ 
sive  to  cover  those  two  emergencies, 
and  we  are  in  a  fair  way  to  win  the 
other  battles  in  this  war.  There  may 
be  skirmishes  with  scab  and  curculio 
and  such  in  between  these  major  en¬ 
gagements,  and  there  will  certainly 
have  to  be  a  sustained  offensive 
throughout  the  season  to  the  end,  but 
get  equipped  and  organized  to  cover 
the  hardest  job  we  have  to  face,  and 
the  rest  should  be  reasons  bly  assured. 

It  seems  an  odd  time  to  talk  about 
rubber  tires,  and  certainly  they  have 
been  promoted  enough  by  this  time  so 
all  their  merits  are  known,  but  if  you 
still  have  equipment  mounted  on  old- 
fashioned  iron  and  wood,  shift  over  to 
rubber  if  you  possibly  can.  It  certain¬ 
ly  pays,  and  pays  well.  (Editor’s 
Note:  Many  tires  too  worn  to  use  on 
a  car  or  truck  will  still  give  valuable 
service  on  farm  tools.)  Try  and  get 
20  inch  rims  that  will  take  a  truck 
size  tire  if  you  can.  These  tires  are 
usually  in  fair  supply  and  in  the  6  and 
8  ply  grade.  They  will  carry  most  any 
normal  farm  load,  and  so  far,  are  not 
among  the  restricted  sizes.  -Some  20 
inch  rims  will  take  only  the  smaller 
tires,  up  to  5  inch;  others  will  take  up 
to  7  V2.  This  difference  in  the  width 
of  rim  is  important,  and  becoming  in¬ 
creasingly  hard  to  find.  Orders  have 
gone  out  to  clean  out  the  older  cars 
from  the  junk  yards  and  get  them  in¬ 
to  this  war,  so  make  your  plans  and 
collect  your  junk  auto  parts  before  the 
supply  is  gone.  A  good  2  wheel  trailer 
can  be  made  from  either  the  front  or 
rear  axle  of  a  car,  and  for  most  pur¬ 
poses  is  much  better  than  a  4  wheeled 
gear,  so  one  junk  car  will  make  you 
two  rigs  which  hitched  with  half  the 
weight  on  the  tractor  will  cut  your  pull 
to  less  than  half.  On  the  sprayer  or 
duster  it  works  especially  well.  So  in 
planning  tactics,  use  enough  rubber  to 
get  through  the  mud. 


FERTILIZING  SMALL  FRUITS 

GEORGE  Li.  SLATE. 


SMALL  FRUITS  are  generally  grown 
in  soils  of  high  fertility.  This  fer¬ 
tility  is  due  to  a  corpbination  of  char¬ 
acteristics,  of  which  the  most  impor¬ 
tant  are  the  physical  condition  of  the 
soil,  its  ability  to  supply  the  plants 
growing  on  it  with  all  the  moisture 
needed  for  best  growth,  and  an  abund¬ 
ance  of  mineral  nutrients,  commonly 
referred  to  as  plant  food.  The  im¬ 
provement  of  the  soil  to  make  it  a  suit¬ 
able  medium  for  plant  growth  must  be 
done  before  the  plants  are  set.  A  good 
well-drained  farm  soil  containing  an 
abundance  of  organic  matter  from  crop 
residues  or  stable  manure  is  in  excel¬ 
lent  condition  for  small  fruits  and  may 
not  need  chemical  fertilizers. 

If  it  seems  advisable  to  provide  ad¬ 
ditional  fertility  in  the  farm  small  fruit 
planting,  stable  manure  is  easily  the 
best  material  available.  This  may  be 
applied  at  the  rate  of  10  tons  per  acre 
or  about  3  bushels  to  each  100  square 
feet,  on  brambles,  currants,  gooseber¬ 
ries  and  grapes.  Hen  manure  is  an 
excellent  source  of  nitrogen  for  berry 
bushes.  On  the  average  it  contains  1.0 
per  cent  of  nitrogen.  Two  and  one- 
half  tons  per  acre  or  one  bushel  per 
100  square  feet  is  a  good  application. 
If  hen  manure  is  used  regularly  in 
large  amounts  it  may  stimulate  late 
cane  growth  which  will  winter  kill. 
When  this  happens  discontinue  fertili¬ 
zation  for  a  year  or  two. 

When  manure  is  not  to  be  had, 


chemical  fertilizers  may  be  used.  Sul¬ 
phate  of  ammonia  is  the  only  nitrogen 
carrier  to  be  had  this  spring  except 
organic  materials,  which  are  expen¬ 
sive.  This  may  be  broadcast  at  the 
rate  of  300  pounds  to  the  acre  or  about 
one  pound  to  100  square  feet.  A  5-10-5 
fertilizer  may  be  used  on  bush  fruits, 
applying  at  least  three  times  as  much 
as  of  sulphate  of  ammonia,  but  this  is 
rather  wasteful  of  phosphoric  acid  and 
potash,  and  should  not  be  done  if  sul¬ 
phate  of  ammonia  or  some  other  nitro¬ 
gen  carrier  is  to  be  had.  The  fertilizer 
may  be  applied  in  early  April  or  at 
any  time  during  the  month. 

The  strawberry  bed  should  not  be 
fertilized  in  the  spring  of  the  bearing 
year.  If  fertilized  then  too  much 
foliage  is  produced,  usually,  at  the  ex¬ 
pense  of  the  crop.  In  a  dry  year  the 
leaves  get  the  moisture  at  the  expense 
of  the  fruit,  and  in  a  wet  year  the 
rank  foliage  will  keep  the  berries  wet 
and  result  in  many  rotten  berries. 

— a.  a. — 

PLAINT  FOOD  IN  BANDS 

Is  there  any  basis  to  the  idea  that  fer¬ 
tilizer  for  potatoes  should  be  put  in  bands 
along  the  row  rather  than  right  in  the 
row? 

There  is  no  doubt  but  that  applica¬ 
tion  in  bands  will  give  better  results. 
There  will  be  less  damage  to  seed 
pieces  and  yet  the  fertilizer  is  right 
where  the  plants  can  use  it. 


i 


BEHIND  IT! 


..  WITH 


WITH  these  explosive  words  to  an  International  Harvester  dealer, 
Ira  Gould,  80-year-old  farmer  of  Bone  Gap,  Illinois,  sent  his  scrap 
metal  off  to  war.  If  every  farmer  in  the  United  States  will  follow  Mr. 
Gould’s  example  and  get  rid  of  his  scrap  at  once,  this  country  will  take  a 
tremendous  stride  toward  winning  the  war. 


PRIZE  MONEY-FOR  BOYS  AND  GIRLS 

To  stir  up  enthusiasm  and  get  everybody 
working,  Harvester  dealers  in  various  places 
offer  prizes  to  the  4-H  Club  member  or  Future 
Farmer  who  gets  in  the  biggest  load  of  scrap 
during  a  drive. 


CHILDREN  UNDERSTAND 
-AND  ACT! 


There  is  a  dangerous  shortage  of  scrap  metal  at  the  steel  mills.  The 
biggest  reserve  of  this  basic  material  is  on  farms.  It  must  be  made  avail¬ 
able  at  once  because  half  of  all  the  steel  that  goes  into  munitions  is 
made  of  scrap. 

This  is  a  direct  challenge  to  your  per¬ 
sonal  patriotism.  Every  pound  of  scrap 
you  send  to  war  industry  is  another 
pound  added  to  the  enormous  weight 
it’s  going  to  take  to  smash  the  enemy. 

To  help  you  get  your  scrap  moving. 

International  Harvester,  in  cooperation 


RECEIPTS —GOOD  FOR  CASH 

When  Harvester  dealers  set  up  scrap  depots 
they  give  farmers  receipts  for  every  pound  of 
metal  brought  in.  When  the  scrap  is  sold,  these 
receipts  are  redeemed  in  cash  or  War  Savings 
Stamps.  The  dealers  charge  no  commission. 


Out  in  Oklahoma  a  Harvester 
dealer  named  Will  H.  Ford  got 
word  to  the  rural  schools  that 
Uncle  Sam  needs  scrap  metal  now. 
Today  in  Will  Ford’s  county  8,000 
school  children  in  57  schools  are 
busy  as  beavers.  In  the  first  three 
weeks  they  have  dug  up  647  TONS 
of  “scrap  to  slap  the  Japs.”  Enough 
to  build  a  fleet  of  36  big  tanks ! 

Champion  “scrapper”  of  the  pri¬ 
mary  department  at  Velma  School 
is  eight-year-old  Wanda  Ely  who 
hunted  up  352  pounds  of  old 
metal,  “all  by  herself,”  and  brought 
it  to  school  in  her  arms. 


with  the  Government,  has  asked  the  aid  of  Harvester  dealers  throughout 
the  United  States.  These  men  are  organizing  scrap  collection  drives. 
They  have  set  up  scrap  depots  where  there  are  no  junk  yards.  They  are 
enlisting  the  cooperation  of  schools,  4-H  Clubs,  Future  Farmers,  and 
many  other  organizations.  In  all  this  patriotic  work,  which  brings 
them  no  financial  return,  Harvester  dealers  are  accomplishing  a  tre¬ 
mendous  salvage  job. 

Is  Your  Scrap  Ready  to  Move? 

The  pictures  on  this  page  show  what  happens  when  a  lot  of  people 
pitch  into  this  job.  Get  your  scrap  pile  togethef  now.  Be  sure  it’s  all 
scrap.  Save  any  usable  parts  or  equipment,  then  call  the  International 
Harvester  dealer  and  he  will  help  you  without  charge  to  get  your  scrap 
on  its  way  so  Uncle  Sam  can  put  powder  behind  it  / 

INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  COMPANY 

180  North  Michigan  Avenue  Chicago,  Illinois 


WHEN  EVERYBODY  WORKS  YOU  CAN  BUILD  A  SCRAP  IRON  MOUNTAIN! 


Down  in  Missouri,  ninety-seven  farmers  have  been  hard  at  it 
at  the  urgent  request  of  Harvester  dealer  George  J.  Seeger,  of 
Creve  Coeur.  In  one  big  day  they  loaded  all  the  scrap  they 
could  find  and  brought  it  to  town.  It  was  weighed  at  a  local 
elevator  and  George  Seeger  gave  each  man  a  receipt  for  his 
tonnage.  As  the  junk  from  this  190-ton  pile  is  sold  to  scrap 
dealers  — at  prices  far  above  what  it  would  bring  on  the  farms  — 
all  proceeds  are  turned  back  to  the  men  who  brought  it  in.  Many 
take  payment  in  War  Savings  Stamps  and  Bonds. 


INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER 

— —  - - - - -  - 


(262)  R 


American  Agriculturist,  April  25,  1942 


CONCRETE 


While  you’re  improving  your  farm  for 
greater  “war  food”  production,  do  the 
job  for  keeps ,  with  concrete!  Here’s  a 
“how  to  do  it”  book  that  will  help  you 
build  such  essential  structures  as: 


Bam  Floors 
Feeding  Floors 
Walks,  Runways 
Foundations 
Concrete  Masonry 
Construction 
Cisterns 


Watering  Tanks 
Septic  Tanks 
Home  Improvements 
Manure  Pits 
Trench  Silos 
Hog  Wallows 
Soil-Saving  Dams 


Remember,  concrete  is  firesaf  e,  termite- 
proof,  easy  to  work  with,  low  in  first 
cost,  needs  little  upkeep,  endures  for 
generations— and  it  requires  a  mini¬ 
mum  of  critical  war  materials. 

Paste  on  penny  postal  and  mail 

PORTLAND  CEMENT  ASSOCIATION  j 

Dept.  K4d-1,  347  Madison  Are.,  New  York,  N.Y. 
Please  send  me  “  Concrete  Handbook  of  I 
Permanent  Farm  Construction.” Iam  I 
especially  interested  in 


Name - 

St.  or  R.R.  No - 

City - Sta  te 


*  CONCRETE  * 


*  METAL  * 


GIVE  GREATER  STRENGTH  &  CAPACITY 


WRITE  FOR  FREE  FOLDER 
GRANGE  SILO  CO.,  *  RED  CREEK,  N.  Y 


US  show  you  why  24, WO  I 
ers  chose  Economy  Silos  for 
farms.  Write  tor  free  1 

a.  'grJssk  .I... 


1111=3:1111111 1 


^  _  .  .na 

m  hi  n  MY  51  Libhbi 

C  U  N  w  #»«  ■  ^  iiiillillliini 


■llllllll&Hlilillllll 


GRASS  SILAGE 

SILOGERM — For  ensiling  all  green  crops  as  well  as 
com.  Very  economical,  clean  and  easy,  to  use.  Write 
for  Free  Booklet  and  testimony  of  users. 

THE  SILOGERM  COMPANY,  BLOOMFIELD,  N.  J. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


ReodesU  'oik  feocJz 

Tiros  for  Boor  Trucks  f  ~ 


There  are  some  things  I  cannot  un¬ 
derstand.  Tire  rationing  is  one  of 
them.  Practically  everyone  knows  a 
farmer’s  automobile  is  his  best  tool. 
It  transports  day  help,  feed,  tools  (if 
they  aren’t  too  big),  and  also  produce 
and  eggs.  It’s  used  for  a  million  odd 
jobs  and  errands,  from  getting  repairs 
and  family  groceries  to  carrying  the 
boar  for  service. 

The  retailer  can’t  get  tires  to  drive 
to  the  farmer’s  door,  and  the  farmer 
can’t  get  tires  to  drive  to  town;  but 
the  beer  trucks  get  them. 

What  is  the  farmer  supposed  to  do 
with  his  25%  more  eggs,  his  surplus 
dairy  butter,  etc.  ?  How  does  he  get 
his  groceries  and  sell  his  small  stuff? 
Should  he  hire  a  trucker  at  fees  he 
cannot  pay  or  just  not  cooperate? 
You  can’t  blame  him  if  he  chooses  the 
latter. — Mrs.  I.  C.,  New  York. 

— a.  a. — 

Folly 

Please  use  every  means  within  your 
power  to  make  dairymen  see  the  folly 
and  seriousness  of  any  alliance  with 
the  C.I.O.  Why  should  we  pay  organ¬ 
ized  labor  money  for  the  privilege  of 
milking  our  own  cows?  If  this  goes 
through,  it  will  be  a  major  calamity 
for  agriculture,  so  please  enlist  the  aid 
of  the  Grange,  Farm  Bureau,  and  any 
other  possible  means  of  fighting  it. 
Perhaps  a  special  edition  of  American 
Agriculturist  would  wake  them  up.  I 
would  be  glad  to  help  finance  one. — 
A  Subscriber. 

—  a.  a. — 

Early  Gardeners 

Editor’s  Note — In  the  last  issue  I  brag¬ 
ged  a  little  about  how  Son  Don  and  I  got 
garden  peas  planted  on  March  28.  I  in¬ 
quired  as  to  how  many  others  had  gotten 
ahead  of  me.  I  found  out !  Several  inter¬ 
esting  letters  like  the  following  have 
come  in. 

However,  “the  proof  of  the  pudding  is 
in  the  eating.”  The  story  won’t  be  all 
told  until  we  know  who  has  the  first 
peas  to  eat. 

Dear  Editor  Ed: 

You  are  right.  This  is  going  to  be  a 
great  year  for  gardens.  Countless 
farmers  are  going  to  find  out  what  a 
satisfaction  and  what  an  asset  a  well- 
cared-for  garden  can  be.  This  will  in¬ 
clude  many  who  have  done  a  half¬ 
hearted  job  in  the  past. 

But  Ora  Smith  beat  you  and  Don  in 
planting  peas — out  in  the  Bethel  Grove 
community,  near  Ithaca.  He  socked  ’em 
in  March  14  and  he  says  he  didn’t 
mud  ’em  in.  Also  he  claims  they  are 
above  ground  now.  I  missed  that  week 
but  planted  a  row  March  21  here  in 
town.  Ground  was  in  nice  shape  and  I 
found  just  a  few  little  tips  coming 
through  this  evening  (April  13)  when 
I  set  out  plants  of  lettuce,  cabbage  and 
beets.  I  sowed  some  radish  on  the  21st 
too  and  they  appeared  on  Easter! 
Bruce  Millard,  Ithaca,  planted  peas 
for  market  March  26th,  but  he’s  on 
earlier  land  than  you. 

This  matter  of  relation  between 
crops  and  weather  is  pretty  interesting. 
It  seems  that  radish  will  grow  at  a 
little  lower  temperature  than  peas, 
which  are  really  very  hardy.  Experi¬ 
ments  have  shown  that  beet,  onion, 
cabbage,  cauliflower,  carrot,  and  par¬ 
sley  seed  will  germinate  between  39° 
and  46°  F. 

The  frost  departed  early  this  year 
and  the  ground  dried  out,  but  it  has 
been  cold  and  none  of  us  have  gained 
much  by  very  early  planting.  I  think 
some  years  we  would  have  been  ahead. 
It’s  fun,  anyway,  to  do  things  like  that. 

Planting  hardy  things  early  is  a  good 


While  we  cannot  possibly  print 
all  letters  received ,  your  com¬ 
ments  and  opinions  are  appreci¬ 
ated.  These  letters  do  not  neces¬ 
sarily  represent  the  opinions  of 
this  paper.  The  editors  reserve 
the  right  to  disagree  with  senti¬ 
ments  expressed  here. 

—  -  -  - 

bet  for  anyone  whose  soil  has  dried 
out  sufficiently.  Don’t  wait  until  Me¬ 
morial  Day.  Yours  for  a  grand  Vic¬ 
tory  Garden. — Paul  Work. 

*  *  * 

April  10,  1942. 

Dear  Mr.  Eastman: 

You  get  a  rise  out  of  me  on  the  pea 
planting.  I  got  you  beat  one  day.  I 
plowed  my  garden,  after  manuring  and 
phosphating  it,  on  Friday  March  27. 
The  soil  plowed  beautifully.  The  land- 
side  was  10”  with  a  rule.  It  was  too 
damp  to  disk,  by  rights,  but  it  was 
getting  ready  to  rain.  So  I  fitted  two 
rows  with  a  rake  and  planted  the  peas 
that  day.  It  didn’t  rain  after  all,  so 
the  next  day  I  disked  the  garden  and 
cultipacked  it.  Then  I  planted  my 
other  early  vegetables.  A  couple  of 
days  ago  my  peas  had  rooted  enough 
so  that  you  couldn’t  budge  then  with¬ 
out  breaking  off  the  roots.  Today  there 
is  a  couple  of  inches  of  snow,  so  I  ex¬ 
pect  the  peas  will  be  up  the  next  warm 
spell. 

Ithaca  and  Kinderhook  are  just  about 
the  same  latitude,  but  our  season 
should  be  at  least  a  week  earlier  than 
yours.  So  I  don’t  think  you  played  fair. 
I  think  you  mudded  your  peas  in  to 
beat  the  game. — Lawrence  Howard. 

—  A.  A.— 

Machinery  Dealers 
Cooperate 

There  are  over  one  thousand  imple¬ 
ment  dealers  in  New  York  State.  I 
know  I  speak  for  all  these  dealers 
when  I  say  we  want  to  cooperate  and 
want  the  cooperation  of  all  the  farm¬ 
ers  in  keeping  their  farm  machinery 
in  good  shape  for  the  duration  of  this 
emergency. 

Dealers  are  cooperating  with  the 
farm  machinery  school  program.  I 
feel  that  the  farm  school  should  stress 
minor  adjustments,  tightening  up  bolts, 
careful  attention  to  fuel  lines,  spark 
plugs,  oiling,  greasing  and  especially 
the  care  of  rubber  tires  on  their  trac¬ 
tors  and  other  farm  machinery.  Lack 
of  attention  to  these  details  often 
leads  to  costly  major  repairs. 

During  the  days  of  the  walking 
plow,  cradle,  seed  broadcasting,  etc., 
repairing  farm  machinery  was  a  simple 
matter  but  like  the  automobile  modern 
labor  saving  farm  equipment  necessi¬ 
tates  trained  mechanics  with  special 
tools  and  equipment.  The  average 
farm  does  not  have  the  tools  or  the 
shop  to  do  this  work.  Your  service 
dealer  is  equipped  with  these  tools 
and  mechanics.  The  schools  can  help 
to  relieve  time-wasting  congestion  at 
the  dealer’s  shop  by  teaching  the  farm¬ 
er  to  do  the  minor  adjustments. 

Dealers  will  have  repair  parts  and 
equipment  to  meet  normal  needs. 
Farmers  can  keep  this  situation  nor¬ 
mal  by  not  buying  more  than  their 
normal  requirements  for  the  year.  The 
farmer  can  cooperate  in  this  emerg¬ 
ency  by  seeing  his  local  dealer  at  once 
and  order  what  repairs  he  needs  and 
make  arrangements  for  getting  any 
major  repairing  which  he  may  need 
done. — Charles  E.  Converse,  President, 
New  York  Farm  Equipment  Dealers’ 
Association,  Inc. 


SAVE  THE 
JUICES 

Wood  is  the  proven  — 
best  material  for  silos 
and  curing  silage.  All 
wood  silos  aren’t  alike. 
Only  the  Unadilla  has 
thepatented  lock  dow- 
elling  that  ties  the  en¬ 
tire  silo  into  a  Juice- 
Tight,  wind-proof,  en¬ 
during  structure.  With 
fair  care  it  will  outlast 
any  other  silo. 

For  grass  silage  as  well  as 
corn,  it  is  most  important 
to  Save  the  Juice  which 
contains  valuable,  body¬ 
building  mineral  food. 
Write  Today  for  Catalog 
and  our  early-order  low 
prices.  Unadilla  Silo  Co., 
Box  B,  Unadilla,  N.  Y. 
Agents  Wanted  —  Open  Territory 


FRONT^iplll 

LADDER^.-. 


UNADILLA 

SILOS 


For  Grass  Silage,  Hay  Chop¬ 
ping,  and  Ensilage  Cutting 


BUZZARD'S  BEST 


from  all  A/reces 

Not  many  new  Blizzards  available  this  year.  Keep 
your  present  Blizzard  in  first  class  shape.'  Check  up 
on  its  condition  and  get  any  needed  repairs  now.  Your 
nearest  Blizzard  dealer  or  distributor  can  give  you 
prompt  and  efficient  service  on  repair 
parts.  Consult  him  or 
write 

Blizzard  Mfg.Co. 

(Since  1874) 

Box  A, 

Canton,  Ohio 


MARIETTA 


Just  to  Remind  YOU 

Marietta  Super-Construction  Con¬ 
crete  Silos  are  built  STRONGER 
to  last  longer.  .  .  .  Acid  resist¬ 
ing,  cement  sealed  and  special 
hooping — for  Grass  ensilage.  Al¬ 
so  strongest  for  Corn.  Redwood 
hinged  doors. 

Our  1942  “quota”  of  CONCRETE 
Silos  now  sold.  But  write  Mari¬ 
etta,  0.,  office  for  new  "Vic¬ 
tory”  Silo  folder. 


CHAMPION  OF 


SILOS ! 


Wood 

Staves 

Silafelt 

Crainelox 

Binding 


CRAINE  TRIPLE-WALL  .  . 
tightest,  strongest,  best  insu¬ 
lated  wood  silo  construction 
known.  3  walls’  .  .  bound  into 
one!  SILAFELT  Lining  gives 
warmth— CRAINELOX  Spiral 
Binding  gives  extra  strength! 
“24-Square"  Doors!  For  FREE 
folder,  easy  terms,  write 
CRAINE,  INC. 

422  Pine  St.  Norwich,  N.  Y. 


CRAINE IB?  SILOS 


HOTEL  GREAT  NORTHERN 

Centrally  located  in  midtown 
New  York.  Near  Radio  City, 
theatres,  fine  shops.  Large  com¬ 
fortable  and  attractive  <r  m  r 
ROOM  AND  BATH  from  *■!  /  3 
AAA  Hotel.  Garage  ad-  MA 
joins  our  111  West  56th 
St.  entrance.  Folder.  Per  “ ar ■ 

118  WEST  57th  ST.,  NEW  YORK 


GET  IIV  THE  SCRAP 

Scrap  metal  is  needed  for 
war  materials.  Gather  it  up 
and  sell  it  now.  But,  be  sure 
that  you  do  not  discard  ma¬ 
chines  that  could  be  put  into 


workable  shape. 


American  Agriculturist,  April  25,  1942 


9  (263) 


YOU,  YOUR  FARM  and  THE  WAR 


A  Practical  System  of  Pas¬ 
ture  Improvement 

By  ROBERT  CHILD 

ARLE  LOBDELL  has  some  excel¬ 
lent  improved  pasture  on  his  farm 
near  Windsor,  Broome  Country,  N.  Y. 
He  also  has  some  that  the  cows  just 
walk  through  to  get  to  work. 

This  pasture  improvement  business 
is  a  long  up-hill  pull  on  most  farms, 
and  I  believe  Mr.  Lobdell  will  agree 
that  his  farm  is  no  exception  on  this 
point.  It  takes  time  .  Furthermore,  no 
one  standard  plan  for  pasture  improve¬ 
ment  is  going  to  work  on  every  pas¬ 
ture  field  of  every  farm.  However,  a 
system  similar  to  the  one  Mr.  Lobdell 
has  worked  out  should  find  a  place  on 
many  northeastern  dairy  farms. 

Every  year,  Mr.  Lobdell  plans  to 
break  up  3  or  4  acres  of  pasture  sod 
up  on  a  hill  where  you  can  see  almost 
half  of  Broome  County.  It  hardly  de¬ 
serves  the  name  “sod”,  but  anyway,  he 
turns  over  a  chunk  of  moss,  stones, 
and  poverty  grass  to  get  started. 

It’s  a  long  way  up  the  hill,  and  he 
makes  pretty  sure  everything  „he  does 
up  there  counts.  The  soil  is  very  sour, 
so  after  he  pkows  he  puts  on  enough 
lime  and  fertilizer  for  white  clover,  but 
he  doesn’t  sow  the  pasture  clover  and 
grasses  until  the  next  year.  Instead 
he  sows  Japanese  millet,  and  during 
the  dry  part  of  the  summer,  when  the 
rest  of  the  pasture  is  just  an  exercise 
lot,  the  cows  get  good  grazing  from 
the  patch  of  millet. 

I  was  up  on  the  pasture  last  fall  in 
early  October,  and  the  hired  man  was 
sowing  winter  rye  in  the  millet  stub¬ 
ble,  without  any  seedbed  preparation 
except  to  cover  the  seed  with  a  spring- 
tooth  harrow  after  it  was  sowed  on  the 
surface.  In  late  March,  Mr.  Lobdell 
sows  his  pasture  seed  on  the  surface  of 
the  rye  ground.  (Perhaps  the  grass 
would  be  favored  more  if  it  were  sow¬ 
ed  with  the  rye  in  the  fall.  Early 
spring  surface  sowings  of  legumes  are 
usually  successful,  provided  they’re 
early  enough.  March  20th,  is  none  too 
early  in  the  Southern  Tier.) 

The  cows  are  not  kept  off  the  new 
seeded  rye  ground  and  they  keep  it 


well  grazed  down.  We  looked  over  the 
area  that  had  been  seeded  in  rye  to 
one  of  the  Cornell  pasture  mixtures  in 
the  early  spring  of  1941.  I  rated  it  as 
one  of  the  best  pasture  seedings  I  saw 
last  year,  and  Mr.  Lobdell  is  well 
enough  satisfied  that  he  plans  to  fol¬ 
low  the  same  system  again  this  year. 

■  Mr.  Lobdell’s  plan  has  much  in  its 
favor.  It  gets  away  from'  seeding  back 
on  sod,  it  provides  a  succession  of  3 
different  pasture  crops  during  the 
grazing  season,  and  most  important  it 
encourages  doing  a  thorough  job  on  a 
small  area — a  job  that  can  be  followed 
up  every  year  with  a  minimum  ex¬ 
penditure  of  time,  labor,  and  cash. 

—  a.  a. — 

GRASS  SILAGE 

If  it  becomes  impossible  to  get  molasses 
or  phosphoric  acid,  what  are  farmers  go¬ 
ing  to  do  when  they  want  to  put  grass 
in  the  silo? 

There  are  three  possibilities.  One  is 
to  watch  the  moisture  content  closely. 
It  lias  been  found  that  good  grass 
silage  can  be  made  without  a  preserva¬ 
tive  if  the  grass  does  not  contain  over 
65%  or  70%  of  moisture.  (See  picture 
on  this  page.)  It  is  especially  impor¬ 
tant,  where  grass  silage  is  made  with¬ 
out  a  preservative,  to  cut  the  grass  fine 
so  it  will  pack  better. 

The  second  is  to  add  200  lbs.  of  corn 
meal,  or  other  grain  containing  a  high 
percentage  of  carbohydrates,  to  each 
ton  of  green  material.  This  provides 
carbohydrates  and  increases  the  dry 
matter  in  the  silage  about  6%. 

The  third  possibility,  as  pointed  out 
by  H.  E.  Babcock  of  “Kernels,  Screen¬ 
ings  and  Chaff,”  is  to  mix  with  the 
grass,  a  green  cereal  grain  (such  as 
winter  wheat),  just  about  the  time  it 
reaches  the  dough  stage. 

We  would  appreciate  a  letter  from 
any  subscriber  who  has  had  success 
in  making  grass  silage  without  a  pre¬ 
servative.  / 

— a.  a. — 

War  Costs —  In  World  War  No.  I, 
it  cost  $90  to  equip  a  soldier.  In  mod¬ 
ern  mechanized  war,  it  costs  $3900, 
mostly  in  the  form  of  airplanes,  tanks, 
ships  and  guns. 


GRASS  SILAGE  WITHOUT  PRESERVATIVES 

One  of  the  problems  in  making  grass  silage  is  to  know  when  the  grass  has  the 
proper  moisture  content  to  put  in  the  silo.  Here  is  a  gadget  designed  by  the  Bureau 
of  Dairy  Industry  of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture  to  determine  the  right 
moisture  content.  It  has  been  shown  that  if  this  is  just  right,  grass  silage  can  be 
made  without  adding  molasses  or  phosphoric  acid. 

Here  is  how  it  works.  A  sample  of  the  grass  to  go  into  the  silo  is  run  through 
a  cutter  and  chopped  into  %"  lengths.  The  sample  is  then  packed  into  a  2"  pipe  in 
which  a  number  of  3/16"  holes  have  been  drilled  near  the  bottom.  Next  a  hardwood 
plunger,  which  just  fits  the  pipe,  is  arranged  as  shown  in  the  picture.  The  two-by- 
four  lever  is  marked  off  in  one-foot  sections,  and  a  bucket  of  shnd  weighing  35  lbs. 
is  hung  at  one  end.  If  juice  runs  out  of  the  holes  in  the  pipe  at  the  end  of  one 
minute,  the  forage  is  too  wet  to  make  the  best  quality  of  grass  silage. 


Give  ’em  the  Works 
with  these 

■mm-n  .22M 

•-  IMR 


SUPER-X  and  Xpert  .22’s  For  all-purpose  shooting  on 
are  sensational  cartridges  outings  and  camping  or  fish- 
in  more  ways  than  one.  tng  trips,  Xpert  accuracy 

Super-X,  famous  for  its  tre-  helPs.  7°?  to  smack  your  ‘ar’ 
meudous  power,  speed  and  fhot  _  both  of  these 

flat  trajectory,  stops  pests  cartridges  and  learn  how 
cold  at  ranges  you’ll  hardly  much  extra  sport  you  can 
believe  possible.  have  with  your  .22  rifle. 

FREE  FOLDER  AND  76-PAGE  AMMUNITION  HANDBOOK 


WESTERN  CARTRIDGE  COMPANY, 

Dept.  D-133,  East  Alton,  Illinois. 

I  would  like  a  copy  of  your  leaflet  giving  full  particulars  of  Western  SUPER-X  and 
XPERT  .22’s,  and  also  the  76-page  Western  Ammunition  Handbook — both  FREE. 

Name_ 

Address- 

Post  Office— - State- 


IF  You  Are  Getting 
Less  Than  ^%with 

US 

We  have  never  paid  less  than  3%  on  ALL 
ACCOUNTS,  large  or  small.  The  safety  of 
every  account  is  fully  insured  up  to  $5000. 
Accounts  may  be  opened  and  carried  on  by 
mail.  Write  to  Desk  E  for  signature  card 
and  information  folder. 

ASSETS  OVER  $6,000,000 

NATICK  SSOTft 

.AND  LOAN  ASSOCIATION 

DESK  E  Founded  1886  NATICK.  MASS. 


LARGE  STOCK 

Catalog  free. 


new — used  tractor  parts  for  sal# 
cheap.  Order  nearest  branch. 


IRVING'S  TRACTOR  LUG  CO.,  Galesburg,  111. 


Write  for  big.  free  1942  TRACTOR  PARTS  CATA¬ 
LOGUE;  tremendous  savings.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

CENTRAL  TRACTOR  WRECKING  CO..  Boone.  Iowa. 


WANTED.  MONTGOMERY  WOR- 
V  V  Mj  STED  MILLS,  Inc.,  Montgomery, N.Y 


Don't  Let  Your  Accident 

Insurance  Policy  Ron  Out 

If  you  have  been  notified  that  your  policy  is  to  run  out 
soon,  renew  it  right  away  with  our  agent  or  diro«, 
to  the  office. 

North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co. 

N.  A.  ASSOCIATES  DEPT. 

10  NORTH  CHERRY  ST..  POUGHKEEPSIE.  N.  Y. 


IcRoy 


EQUIPMENT 

Has  Always  Been 


BUILT  TO  LAST 


.  .  .  So  It’s  Worth  Plenty  of  Care 


Now  more  than  ever,  it  will  pay 
you  to  keep  your  Le  Roy  farm 
machines  properly  adjusted,  well 
lubricated  and  adequately  protected. 
For  the  war  emergency  is  making  it 
increasingly  difficult,  in  some  cases 
impossible,  for  'manufacturers  to 
build  new  farm  implements. 

But  we  can  still  supply  you  with 


genuine  Le  Roy  replacement  parts 
as  you  need  them.  And  our  tech¬ 
nicians  stand  ready  to  give  you  any 
advice  or  mechanical  data  that  will 
help  you  step  up  the  efficiency  or 
prolong  the  life  of  our  products. 

Please  make  full  use  of  this  ad¬ 
visory  service.  It  involves  no  charge 
or  obligation. 


LE  ROY  PLOW  COMPANY,  LE  ROY,  NEW  YORK 

SERVING  THE  FARMER  FOR  OVER  60  YEARS 


(264)  lO 


American  Agriculturist,  April  25,  1942 


aHKIFU 


L.  B. 

rSKEFFinOTOn 


nOTfBOOK 


IN  THE  Rochester  and  Buffalo  milk 
marketing  areas  producers  sought 
to  prevent  price  drops  which  are  sched¬ 
uled  May  1  under  the  marketing  or¬ 
ders.  There  was  little  dispute  that 
they  are  under  increasingly  high  costs, 
and  in  the  main  the  argument  of  deal¬ 
ers  was  that  they  doubted  that  con¬ 
sumers  would  pay  more  money  for  their 
milk.  Producers  answered  this  by  say¬ 
ing  that  retail  milk  prices  were  two  to 
three  cents  below  levels  of  the  first 
World  War,  that  consumer  incomes  had 
risen  considerably  with  the  war  boom, 
and  that  farmers  costs  would  continue 
to  move  upward. 

It  was  anticipated  that  if  prices 
asked  by  producers  are  granted,  dis¬ 
tributors  would  have  to  raise  prices 
one  cent  a  quart  July  1.  At  Buffalo, 
Fred  L.  Lewis,  executive  secretary  of 
the  Niagara  Frontier  Producers’  Bar¬ 
gaining  Agency,  said  inadequacy  of 
present  returns  menaces  dairying.  He 
said  the  best  way  to  assure  an  ade¬ 
quate  supply  of  milk  was  to  give  farm¬ 
ers  a  fair  return  for  their  labor. 

At  Rochester,  Hampton  H.  Halsey, 
attorney  for  the  producers’  bargaining 
agency,  vainly  sought  to  have  a  deal¬ 
er  witness  name  “one  consumer  who 
is  opposed  to  prices  being  paid  to  farm¬ 
ers.”  Dealers  said  they  thought  the 
consumer  resistance  point  had  been 
reached.  Halsey  quoted  figures  of  the 
market  administrator  to  show  that 
despite  a  one-cent  retail  increase  Dec. 
18  the  daily  average  fluid  milk  sales 
for  February  (last  month  available) 
showed  a  substantial  increase. 

Apparently  one  of  the  causes  of  dis¬ 
satisfaction  among  producers  generally 
is  that  they  have  been  asked  to  in¬ 
crease  milk  production  in  the  Food- 
for-Freedom  movement,  but  have  been 
unable  to  obtain  what  they  contend  is 
production  cost.  Producers,  it  seems, 
were  not  fully  informed  or  did  not 
understand  that  for  all  surplus  milk 
they  produced  they  would  receive  only 
surplus  prices. 

This  raises  a  further  question,  that 
of  “regional  parity.”  Recently  the 
marketing  sub-committee  of  the  State 
Land  Use  Planning  Committee  in  a 
tentative  report  favored  pricing  by 
regions  in  government  purchasing  pro¬ 
grams.  Such  a  program  would  recog¬ 
nize  that  it  costs  more  to  produce  milk 
in  a  fluid  area,  like  the  Northeast, 
than  in  a  manufacturing  area  like  Wis¬ 
consin.  There  is  a  differential  which 
New  York  cheese  makers  pay  (three- 
quarters  of  a  cent)  based  on  freight 
savings,  but  the  question  remains 
whether  New  York  producers  get 
enough  for  surplus  milk  or  find  a  suffi¬ 
ciently  ready  market  for  it.  The  gov¬ 
ernment  wants  cheese,  even  to  the  ex¬ 
tent  of  operating  plants.  An  easier 
way  would  be  for  federal  milk  officials 
to  recognize  the  higher  costs  and 
establish  a  higher  price  level  for  milk 
products  in  the  higher-cost  region. 


War  Problems  Analyzed 

Recently  I  spent  two  busy  days  with 
a  group  called  together  by  the  State 
Land  Use  Planning  Committee  to  con¬ 
sider  some  agricultural  problems  grow¬ 
ing  out  of  the  war.  Both  days’  ses¬ 
sions  continued  well  into  the  evening 


and  the  recommendations  finally  evolv¬ 
ed  covered  a  lot  of  ground.  First  I 
was  impressed  by  the  effective  way 
many  of  the  problems  are  being  tackled 
by  committees  of  the  extension  service 
and  the  state  colleges.  It  demonstrat¬ 
ed  that  emergency  problems  are  being 
given  the  green  light  as  against  all 
projects  of  normal  times. 

This  was  true  particularly  in  regard 
to  the  farm  labor  situation.  No  one 
can  say  that  the  outcome  will  be  en¬ 
tirely  satisfactory  to  all  concerned,  but 
a  fine  job  of  coordination  has  been  done. 

Likewise  it  has  developed  that  such 
things  as  transportation  and  contain¬ 
ers  are  going  to  have  a  great  influence 
on  marketing.  Both  consumers  and 
distributors  will  have  to  be  educated 
on  tfie  handling  and  use  of  products  in 


new  forms  or  in  new  containers. 

Transportation 

Continuance  of  the  rubber  shortage 
is  bound  to  reduce  use  of  the  high¬ 
ways  for  transporting  farm  crops,  it 
was  agreed.  The  railroads  will  be 
called  upon  to  handle  this  business. 

Things  that  can  be  done,  the  com¬ 
mittee  said,  are: 

1.  Save  tires  and  trucks  for  shorter 
hauls. 

2.  Consolidate  shipments  and  dis¬ 
tribute  receipts  at  rural  centers  by 
truck  for  carlot  shipments.  This  in¬ 
dicates  possibility  of  building  up  ship¬ 
ping  associations. 

3.  Cooperate  more  efficiently  in  use 
of  railroad  cars  by  ordering  cars  only 
when  needed;  notifying  railroads  as 
far  ahead  as  possible;  loading  and  un¬ 
loading  cars  promptly. 

— a.  a. — 

HAY  RELIEF  VETOED 

Governor  Lehman  has  vetoed  a  bill 
which  would  provide  $250,000  of  state 
funds  for  the  relief  of  dairymen  who, 
because  of  last  summer’s  drought,  have 
found  it  necessary  to  purchase  large 
amounts  of  hay. 

Reason  given  for  the  veto  was  that 
the  bill,  if  enacted,  would  establish  a 
new  and,  in  his  opinion,  dangerous  step 
and  would  serve  as  a  precedent  for 
similar  laws  in  the  future. 


I 


Dairy  Cooperatives  Discuss  Handling 

of  Surplus  Milk 

AT  UTICA,  N.  Y.,  on  April  17,  rep-  such  action  should  be  denied  coopera- 
resentatives  of  dairy  cooperatives  noirmorto 


in  the  New  York  City  milk  shed  met 
at  the  invitation  of  the  U.  S.  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture.  Charles  Blan- 
ford,  formerly  at  Cornell,  and  now 
with  the  Department,  called  the  meet¬ 
ing  to  order.  On  the  platform  with 
him  were  Dr.  E.  W.  Gaumnitz  of 
Washington  and  N.  J.  Cladakis,  Ad¬ 
ministrator  of  the  Federal  State  Milk 
Order  for  the  metropolitan  area. 

Dr.  Gaumnitz  presented  the  prob¬ 
lem  which  prompted  the  meeting.  He 
stated  that  soon  after  April  1,  when 
the  latest  Order  amendments  became 
effective,  it  became  apparent  that  a 
considerable  number  of  operating  co¬ 
operatives  were  unwilling  or  unable  to 
take  care  of  milk  not  wanted  for  fluid 
consumption,  and  manufacture  it.  As 
a  result  some  milk  was  without  a  mar¬ 
ket  and  some  was  sold  at  cut  prices. 

The  Department  of  Agriculture, 
therefore  instructed  Administrator  Cla¬ 
dakis  to  take  steps  to  see  that  all  milk 
was  handled.  One  step  was  to  lease 
the  cheese  making  facilities  of  several 
companies,  including  the  Netherland 
Company  of  Syracuse. 

Dr.  Gaumnitz  pointed  out  that  the 
amount  of  milk  involved  was  less  im¬ 
portant  than  the  trend,  which,  if  al¬ 
lowed  to  continue,  would  almost  cer¬ 
tainly  get  out  of  hand.  Dealers  would 
be  able  to  buy  at  cut  prices,  and  bring 
about  serious  market  demoralization. 

As  possible  remedies  he  suggested 
that  the  facilities,  of  cooperatives  be 
re-examined  or  that  the  operating  co¬ 
operatives,  themselves,  consider  the 
problem  and  suggest  a  solution. 

He  intjmated  that  cooperative  pay¬ 
ments  were  included  in  the  Order  to 
take  care  of  such  situations,  and  that 
the  responsibility  for  doing  the  job  was 
up  to  the  operating  cooperatives. 

Apparently,  it  was  generally  under¬ 
stood  that  “re-examining  the  operating 
cooperatives”  meant  withdrawing  the 
cooperative  payments  of  4  cents  a  cwt. 
from  those  cooperatives  that  are  un¬ 
able  to  manufacture  surplus  milk.  Ad¬ 
ministrator  Cladakis  stated  that  some 
smaller  cooperatives  had  broken  con¬ 
tracts  with  dealers  and  had  made 
new  contracts  at  a  lower  price.  In 
his  opinion  any  cooperative  that  took 


tive  payments. 

After  a  period  for  questions  from 
dairymen,  Dr.  Blanford  asked  the 
group  if  they  wished  to  continue  the 
discussion  under  their  own  leadership. 
The  answer  was  in  the  affirmative,  and 
Dr.  Kenneth  Shaul  of  Cobleskill  was 
chosen  as  chairman.  At  this  point 
Messrs.  Gaumnitz,  Cladakis  and  Blan¬ 
ford  left  the  meeting. 

One  viewpoint  expressed  by  a  dairy¬ 
man  was  that  diversion  payments  for 
all  surplus  milk  should  be  put  back 
into  the  Order  at  the  earliest  possible 
moment.  This,  in  his  opinion,  would 
go  a  long  way  toward  remedying  the 
situation. 

Another  delegate  showed  some  re¬ 
sentment  that  the  U.  S.  Department  of 
Agriculture  had  urged  dairymen  to  in¬ 
crease  production,  and  then  had  taken 
this  time  to  reduce  diversion  payments 
on  surplus  milk. 

The  opinion  was  also  given  that  the 
government  as  well  as  dairy  organiza¬ 
tions,  has  a  responsibility  in  seeing 
that  this  extra  milk,  which  dairymen 
were  asked  to  produce,  is  made  into 
manufactured  products. 

Some  delegates  reported  the  exist¬ 
ence  of  considerable  amounts  of  cheese 
making  equipment  in  their  areas  which 
might  be  used.  However  in  the  past, 
many  cheese  factories  have  started  to 
operate,  only  to  have  the  milk  with¬ 
drawn  for  fluid  purposes  in  a  few 
weeks.  Therefore  owners  of  cheese 
equipment  are  not  anxious  to  start 
manufacture. 

Fred  Sexauer,  president  of  the 
Dairymen’s  League,  stated  that  there 
is  a  considerable  capacity,  not  now  be¬ 
ing  used,  for  the  manufacture  of 
cream  and  dried  skim  milk.  Further¬ 
more,  that,  in  his  opinion,  these  facili¬ 
ties  could  be  used  at  less  cost  to  the 
government  than  the  program  for  mak¬ 
ing  cheese  recently  started,  and  at  the 
same  time  return  more  money  to  pro¬ 
ducers. 

A  motion  was  passed  indicating  that, 
in  the  opinion  of  those  present,  most 
of  the  present  problem  is  the  result  of 
the  change  in  diversion  payments 
which*  went  into  effect  on  April  1. 

On  motion,  Chairman  Shaul  appoint¬ 
ed  a  committee  of  six  men  to  study  the 


A 


WGY  Farm 
PROGRAMS  f 

i 

Daily  except  Sunday,  12:30  p.  m.  Weath¬ 
er  Report. 

Daily  except  Sunday,  12:31  p.  m.,  N.  Y. 
State  AVholesale  Produce  Markets. 

Daily  exc.  Sat.  and  Sun.,  6:10  p.  m.,  N. 
Y.  City  Wholesale  Produce  Market. 

Monday  only,  12:34  p.  m..  Metropolitan 
Milk  Market  Report. 

This  schedule  subject  to  change  without 
notice. 

Monday,  April  27th 

12:35 — “How  Milk  is  Marketed,”  Dr.  S. 

M.  Johnson. 

12:45 — “How  Selective  Service  Has  Co¬ 
operated  to  Keep  Workers  on  the  Farm," 
Major  Harry  J.  Lemp.  * 

Tuesday,  April  28th 

12:35 — “Ornamental  Horticulture  in  the 
Defense  Program,”  Arnold  Davis. 

12:45 — Homemaker’s  Council,  “How  Im¬ 
portant  Are  Busy  Fingers  and  Active 
Minds?”  Ulster  County  Home  Bureau. 

Wednesday,  April  29th 

12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“The  Farmer’s  Partner  in  Defense,”  Ed 
W.  Mitchell. 

12 :45 — Countryside  Talk,  Halsey  B. 
Knapp. 

Thursday,  April  30th 

12:35 — “All-Out  Methods  for  Milk  Pro¬ 
duction,”  H.  B.  Little. 

12:45 — (Farm  Security  Administration.) 

Friday,  May  1st 

12:35 — “Between  You  and  Me,”  H.  R. 
Waugh. 

12:45 — The  Home  Efficient,  “The  Mar¬ 
ket  Basket  in  the  Refrigerator,”  Marjorie 
Gould,  New'  York  Power  and  Light  Co. 

Saturday,  May  2nd 

12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “I  Believe 
in  Fun,”  Vermont  State  4-H  Club  Office. 

12:45— Grange  Views  and  News,  “The 
Management  of  Our  Land,”  Greene  Po¬ 
mona  Grange. 

Monday,  May  4th 

12:35 — “How  Trees  Grow,”  Dr.  Henry 
F.  A.  Meiss. 

12:45 — “Wages  and  Farming,”  Schenev- 
us  Chapter,  Future  Farmers  of  America. 

Tuesday,  May  5th 

12:35 — “Should  We  Get  Out  of  Debt 
Now?”  Lester  Hays. 

12:45 — Homemaker’s  Council,  “Dare  We 
Neglect  Home  and  School  Relations?” 

N.  Y.  State  College  of  Home  Economics. 

Wednesday,  May  6th 

12 :35 — Special  broadcast. 

12:45 — Special  broadcast. 

Thursday,  May  7th 

12:35 — “We  Sold  Easter  Lambs,”  C.  M. 
Slack. 

12 :45 — Soil  Conservation  Service. 

Friday,  May  8th 

12:35 — Panel  Discussion,  “What  is  Par¬ 
ity?”  A. A. A.  and  B.A.E. 

Saturday,  May  9th 

12 :35“— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “I  Believe 
in  Better  Living  from  the  Farm,”  Sara¬ 
toga  County  (N.  Y.)  4-H  Clubs. 

12:45— Grange  Views  and  News,  “To 
Promote  the  General  Welfare,”  Albany 
Pomona  Grange. 


problem  and  make  further  recommen¬ 
dations.  On  the  committee  are:  Ken¬ 
neth  Shaul,  Cobleskill;  Clarence  Joslin, 
Amsterdam;  John  Snyder,  Poland; 
Fred  Sexauer,  Dairymen’s  League; 
Casper  Mellen,  Chateaugay;  William 
Storie,  Bovina  Center.  It  was  suggest¬ 
ed  that  Administrator  Cladakis  be 
asked  to  attend  a  meeting  of  the  com¬ 
mittee. 

It  seemed  the  consensus  of  opinion 
that  the  surplus  milk  situation  may 
cause  many  headaches  between  now 
and  July  1,  but  that  the  cooperatives 
would  make  a  strenuous  effort  to  sug¬ 
gest  a  workable  plan  for  handling  it. 

— a.  a. — 

D.  L.  HAYES  ADVANCED 

Following  the  sudden  and  untimely 
death  of  Leo  Muckle,  Assistant  Coun¬ 
ty  Farm  Bureau  Agent  Leader  in  New 
York  State,  D.  L.  Hayes,  who  has  been 
county  agent  in  Madison  County  for 
many  years,  will  move  to  the  central 
office  in  Ithaca  as  Assistant  State 
Leader.  Mr.  Hayes  has  long  been 
recognized  as  one  of  the  most  able 
•county  agents,  and  his  many  friends 
will  approve  the  choice  for  this  im¬ 
portant  job. 


American  Agriculturist,  April  25,  1942 


11  (265) 


*7 he.  Ma/ihei  feanxunetesi 


FAULTY  ORDER  CAUSES 
MILK  PRICE  CUTTING 

Recently  N.  J.  Cladakis,  Adminis¬ 
trator  of  the  Milk  Marketing  Order  for 
the  metropolitan  area,  announced  the 
leasing  of  the  cheese-making  facilities 
of  the  Netherland  Company,  Syracuse, 
New  York.  Reason  given  was  the  diffi¬ 
culties  of  some  small  cooperatives  in 
selling  their  milk,  and  a  consequent 
tendency  of  some  New  York  City  deal¬ 
ers  to  buy  it  at  cut  prices,  thus  inter¬ 
fering  with  the  proper  working  of  the 
order. 

To  some,  this  seems  like  a  militant 
move  to  fight  the  dairymen’s  battle. 
Others  look  beneath  the  surface  and 
point  out  that  price-cutting  is  a  di¬ 
rect  result  of  the  failure  of  the  U.  S. 
Department  of  Agriculture  to  allow 
adequate  diversion  differentials  for  sur¬ 
plus  milk.  The  present  Order  allows 
diversion  differentials  on  milk  going 
into  evaporated  milk,  milk  powder,  and 
cheese,  but  does  not  allow  them  on 
cream  and  butter  as  in  the  past.  The 
New  York  Milk  Shed  has  far  more 
facilities  for  making  cream  and  butter 
than  it  has  for  the  other  products  men¬ 
tioned.  Small  cooperatives  who  former¬ 
ly  diverted  milk  to  plants  making 
cream  and  butter  are  “squeezed”  and 
naturally  try  to  dispose  of  their  milk 
to  the  best  advantage. 

The  necessity  of  leasing  cheese  plants 
by  the  Administrator  could  and  should 
have  been  avoided. 

There  is  still  another  angle  to  the 
situation.  If  the  present  unsatisfactory 
market  situation  is  to  be  corrected  by 
diverting  milk  into  cheese  under  gov¬ 
ernment  supervision,  the  program  will 
have  to  be  expanded  much  farther  than 
it  has  up  to  date.  There  is  no  doubt 
that  this  government  operation  of 
cheese  factories  will  lose  money  and 
that  money  from  taxes  will  make  up 
the  difference. 


April  30  to  May  9.  During  this  period, 
food  stores  will  make  special  effort 
to  move  eggs,  basing  their  appeal  on 
the  nutritional  value. 

The  International  Baby  Chick  As¬ 
sociation  has  also  been  preparing  and 
distributing  a  large  volume  of  litera¬ 
ture  calling  attention  to  the  impor¬ 
tance  of  eggs  in  the  diet. 

Last  year  a  similar  drive  on  the 
part  of  food  stores  resulted  in  a  con¬ 
siderable  increase  in  consumption. 


NEW  CORDWOOD 
MARKET 

A  market  for  10,000  cords  of  wood 
in  northeastern  Connecticut  for  the 
production  of  pulp  and  charcoal  is  re¬ 
ported  by  W.  C.  Shepard  of  the  state 
forestry  department. 

Mechanically  produced  pulpwood  will 
use  all  species  of  wood  except  oak  and 
hickory.  Softwoods  are  especially  de¬ 
sired,  but  beech,  birch,  maple,  ash,  elm, 
sassafras,  aspen,  cherry,  gum,  white- 
wood  and  basswood  are  also  accept¬ 
able.  All  wood  from  four  to  eight 
inches  in  diameter  and  not  too  knotty 
to  pile  closely  will  be  acceptable.  It 
should  be  cut  in  four-foot  lengths. 
Wood  over  eight  inches  in  diameter 
must  be  split  once  or  twice. 

The  balance  of  the  demand  is  for 
charcoal,  which  will  use  any  species 
not  taken  for  pulp  —  principally  oak 
and  hickory.  Specifications  call  for 
wood  cut  four  feet  long,  from  four 
inches  in  diameter  up  to  any  size  that 
can  be  handled  and  is  not  too  crooked 
and  knotty  to  pile  properly. 

One  regulation  will  be  imposed  on 
all  purchases — wood  must  be  cut  ac¬ 
cording  to  correct  forestry  principles, 

MARKET 


The  most  efficient  way  to  manufac¬ 
ture  surplus  milk  is  to  let  cooperatives 
that  own  manufacturing  facilities 
handle  it,  and  under  the  Order  allow 
them  adequate  diversion  differentials. 
Many  dairymen  hope  that  the  present 
situation  will  convince  U.  S.  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  officials  of  that 
fact,  and  that  the  Order  will  be  amend¬ 
ed  to  provide  for  such  differentials  at 
the  earliest  possible  date. 


—a.  a. — 

MILK  PRICES 

Administrator  Cladakis  has  announc¬ 
ed  that  the  uniform  price  for  the  metro¬ 
politan  area  for  March  is  $2.43.  This 
is  13c  under  the  February  price  and 
48c  higher  than  March  last  year.  Dur¬ 
ing  March,  558,508,207  lbs.  of  milk 
were  included  in  the  pool,  compared 
with  512,018,443  lbs.  in  March  last 
year.  Including  butterfat  and  other 
differentials,  the  total  value  of  the 
pool  was  $14,186,380.49. 

Administrator  Clough  of  the  Roches¬ 
ter  area  has  announced  a  March  uni¬ 
form  price  of  $2.58.  Producers  who 
deliver  directly  to  plants  get  an  addi¬ 
tional  20c  a  hundred. 

Administrator  Lasher  of  the  Niagara 
Frontier  milk  marketing  area  an¬ 
nounces  a  uniform  price  of  $2.54  for 
the  month  of  March.  Producers  who 
deliver  direct  to  plants  get  an  addi¬ 
tional  15c. 

—  A.  A. — 

TO  SELL  MORE  EGGS 

At  the  request  of  the  National  Poul¬ 
try  Producers’  Federation  and  other 
poultry  organizations,  the  National  As¬ 
sociation  of  Food  Chains  is  sponsor¬ 
ing  a  springtime  egg  festival  from 


Bee  owners  are  looking  forward  to 
a  good  season.  Stocks  of  old  honey 
in  New  York  State  are  light.  The  de¬ 
mand  is  heavy  as  a  result  of  the  expect¬ 
ed  sugar  shortage,  and  prospects  for 
this  season’s  crop  are  good.  Bees  win¬ 
tered  better  than  was  expected  last 
fall,  and  losses  have  been  light. 

*  *  # 

Since  1923,  this  country  has  import¬ 
ed  more  food  than  it  has  exported. 
The  greatest  “spread”  was  about  1935, 
and  in  1940  net  imports  of  food  were 
about  3%  of  total  U.  S.  farm  income. 
Looking  to  the  future,  it  is  expected 
that  exports  of  food  from  this  country 
will  be  mainly  of  wheat,  pork  and 
fruit. 

*  *  * 

Some  slight  easing  of  the  hay  situa¬ 
tion  is  reported  in  New  York  State  as 
we  approach  the  pasture  season.  Ap¬ 
parently  some  men  decided  that  they 
had  a  little  more  hay  than  they  are 
going  to  need,  and  small  lots  have  been 
for  sale  in  many  areas.  Delivered 
prices  for  good  hay  are  $23  to  $26  a 
ton,  with  some  as  high  as  $28.  Second- 
cutting  alfalfa  hay,  delivered,  ranges 
from  $30  to  $32. 


*  *  * 

It  is  reported  that  holdings  of  po¬ 
tatoes  are  on  the  short  side  in  nearly 
all  areas  except  Maine.  Digging  of 
early  potatoes  in  the  Hastings  district 
of  Florida  started  the  first  week  in 
April.  Acreage  there  is  about  the 
same  as  last  year,  but  yields  are  ex¬ 
pected  to  be  better.  Yields  in  the  low¬ 
er  valley  of  Texas  are  expected  to  be 

HSht-  •*  *  *  * 

On  January  1,  New  York  State 
dairymen  owned  4.4%  more  cows  and 


which  will  be  certified  by  members’  of 
the  state  forestry  department  staff  or 
the  extension  service  of  the  University 
of  Connecticut. 


shows  a  further  gain  with  talk  of 
15,940  acres  compared  with  13,400  a 
year  ago. 


— a.  a. — 

COSTS  AND  PRICES  UP 

The  index  of  prices  received  by  New 
York  farmers  was  146  on  March  15, 
compared  to  145  the  month  previous. 
A  year  ago,  the  figure  was  108;  two 
years  ago,  112. 

In  general,  crop  prices'  were  below 
the  average  for  March.  Animals  and 
animal  products,  with  the  exception 
of  chickens,  eggs,  and  sheep,  were 
above. 

These  indexes  were  based  on  1910- 
14  averages  figured  at  100.  At  the 
same  time,  prices  paid  by  farmers  for 
supplies  were  at  a  level  of  148,  also 
up  one  point  from  February. 

In  other  words,  costs  are  rising  as 
high  as  returns,  and  farmers  are  still 
buying  supplies  at  a  higher  level  than 
that  at  which  they  are  selling.  These 
index  figures  do  not  include  labor. 
When  labor  is  included,  the  disparity 
is  even  greater. 

— a.  a. — 

INCOMES  AHEAD 
OF  FOOD  COSTS 

When  city  friends  complain  about 
the  cost  of  living,  show  them  these 
figures :  The  State  Department  of 

Agriculture  and  Markets  report  that  in 
February  this  year  it  took  22%  of  the 
average  family  income  to  buy  food,  as 
compared  to  27%  in  1929  and  37%  in 
1920. 

It  is  true  that  food  prices  in  Febru¬ 
ary  were  11%  above  the  average  for 
1941  and  21%  higher  than  in  1940,  but 
larger  earnings  have  gone  a  long  way 
toward  offsetting  these  increases.  When 
the  1935-39  average  food  cost  is  con¬ 
sidered  as  100,  retail  costs  of  58  foods 
in  February  was  115.  However,  the 
incomes  of  non-agricultural  workers 
were  at  a  level  of  148,  and  the  average 
monthly  earnings  of  employed  factory 
workers  were  153. 


BRIEFS 

calves  than  they  did  in  1934.  For  the 
whole  country,  cattle  numbers  increas¬ 
ed  about  3,000,000  during  1941,  slight¬ 
ly  more  than  the  previous  peak  num¬ 
ber  reached  in  early  1934. 

*  *  * 

The  cabbage-growing  states  classed 
as  “intermediate”  are  expecting  a  1942 
acreage  of  31,770,  compared  with  last 
year’s  figures  of  30,210. 

*  *  •* 

The  Connecticut  Valley  onion  indus¬ 
try  continues  to  act  contrary  to  the 
national  trend,  with  a  reduction  in 
1942  plantings  from  1,550  to  1,400 
acres,  a  decrease  of  10  per  cent,  while 
total  U.  S.  acreage  is  estimated  at 
125,760  acres  against  95,230,  an  in¬ 
crease  of  32  per  cent.  New  York 


Early  potato  growers  in  Alabama, 
Louisiana  and  South  Carolina  suffered 
losses  from  rotting,  which  in  Alabama 
are  estimated  at  about  25%.  Growing 
conditions  in  Florida  are  reported  as 
good,  with  shipments  starting  the  first 
week  in  April. 

*  *  * 

Syrup  Prices. — Early  April  prices  on 
maple  syrup  at  Boston,  $2.50-3.00  a 
gallon;  sugar  $.35-.40  lb.  Concord,  N. 
H.  prices  reported  by  N.  H.  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture:  syrup,  $2.50  a 
gallon,  few  $2.75;  $1.40  half  gal. 

Quarts  in  glass,  $8.50  dozen;  pints, 
$4.50  doz. 


(fa&< 1  Coentbs 


Apr.  24-25 

April  25 

April  27 

April  23 

April  30 

May  I 

May  2 

May  2 

May  4 

May  4 

May  B-7 
May  9 

May  9 

May  II 

May  14 
May  19 

May  20 

May  20 

May  23 

May  25 

May  27 

May  29 
May  30 
June  I 
June  8 

June  20 
Aug.  12 


May  II 

May  13 
May  13 

June  18 

July  4-18 

Aug.  30- 
Sept.  7-10 


Cattle  Sales 

Shirley-Ayr  Farms  Ayrshire  Dispersal  Sal*, 
Mt.  Union,  Pa. 

W.  R.  Porteous  Holstein  Dispersal,  Pert- 
landville,  N.  Y. 

Orson  Smith  Holstein  Dispersal,  Fayette¬ 
ville,  N.  Y. 

Holstein  Dispersal,  Oswego  River  Stock 
Farms,  Phoenix,  N.  Y. 

Pleasant  Plains  Guernsey  Dispersal,  An¬ 
napolis,  Md. 

Geo.  &  Mark  Scott  Holstein  Dispersal, 
Troy,  Pa. 

New  England  Invitational  Ayrshire  Sale, 
Springfield,  Mass. 

J.  D.  McCulloch  Holstein  Dispersal,  New- 
ville.  Pa. 

New  York  Hereford  Breeders'  Ass'n.  Con¬ 
signment  Sale,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca. 
Quail  Roost-Maxim  Guernsey  Sale,  Rouge- 
mont,  N.  C. 

143rd  Earlville  Holstein  Sale,  Ear|vil|e.  N.Y. 
Breidabiik  Farms  Guernsey  Auction  of  100 
head,  Wilmington,  Delaware. 

Burnup  Brown  Swiss  Auction,  Black  River, 
Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Annual  Eastern  Aberdeen-Angus  Breeders’ 
Sale,  Sales  Pavilion,  Cornell,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
National  Ayrshire  Sale.  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
New  Jersey  State  Holstein  Sale,  Tren¬ 
ton,  N.  J. 

Holstein  Consignment  Sale  at  Harold  R. 
Ziegler  Farm,  Breinigsville,  Pa. 

Frederick  County  Guernsey  Breeders  Ass’n. 
Annual  Sale,  Fair  Grounds,  Frederick,  Md. 
Guernsey  Consignment  Sale,  Fair  Grounds, 
Topsfield,  Mass. 

Kitchener  Farm  Guernsey  Dispersal,  Bil¬ 
lerica,  Mass. 

Annual  Canadian  National  Holstein  Sale, 
Brampton,  Ont. 

Eastern  Guernsey  Sale,  Doylestown,  Pa. 
Coventry  Guernsey  Sale,  Trenton,  N.  J. 
Clover  Hill  Guernsey  Sale,  Ira,  N.  Y. 
Dunn’s  Tour  Second  Semi-annual  Guern¬ 
sey  Sale,  Dutchess  County  Fair  Grounds, 
Rhinebeck,  N.  Y. 

Annual  Sale  of  New  York  Jersey  Cattle 
Club,  Meridale  Farms,  Meredith,  N.  Y. 
4th  Annual  Consignment  Sale,  Lancaster 
County  Ayrshire  Breeders’  Ass’n.,  Lan¬ 
caster,  Pa. 

Coming  Events 

Annual  Meeting  Delaware  County  Jersey 
Cattle  Club,  Meridale  Farms,  Meredith, 
N.  Y. 

67th  Annua!  Meeting  of  Ayrshire  Breed¬ 
ers’  Ass’n.,  York,  Pa. 

Annual  Meeting  of  The  American  Guernsey 
Cattle  Club,  Nicollett  Hotel,  Minneapolis, 
Minn. 

Dairymen’s  League  Annual  Meeting,  Buf¬ 
falo,  N.  Y. 

Summer  Institute  for  Social  Progress, 
Wellesley,  Mass. 

Annual  Northeastern  Egg  Grading  and  Mar¬ 
keting  School,  University  of  Connecticut, 
Storrs. 


BUTTERFAT  PRICE  IS  UP 

Secretary  of  Agriculture  Wickard  has  ordered  the  butter 
market  supported  at  a  higher  level. 

Our  price  for  butterfat  is  up,  in  line  with  the  higher  butter 
market,  as  usual. 

This  situation  is  very  favorable  to  Cream  Shippers  — 
especially  considering  the  big  returns  to  be  had  from  feeding 
skimmilk  to  high-priced  Hogs  and  Calves  and  to  Chickens. 

Recent  declines  in  Cheese  make  Cream  selling  still  more 
favorable  by  comparison. 

SHIP  YOUR  CREAM  TO  FAIRMONT 

WE  PAY  PROMPTLY  FOR  EACH  SHIPMENT. 

The  Fairmont  Creamery  Co. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


(2661  155 


American  Agriculturist,  April  25,  1942 


Putting  Iiis  tractor  to  work  on  the  fencing  job.  .His  M ASSEY-H ARRIS  “101-Super” 
tractor  holds  the  wire  taut  while  he  fastens  the  fencing  at  the  corner  post.  The 
present  shortage  of  farm  help  will  undoubtedly  result  in  many  new  uses  for  power 
equipment,  particularly  tractors,  as  they  are  called  upon  more  and  more  to  replace 

hired  hands. 


YEW  FOR  OLD: 


THE  HINMAN 
MILKING  MA¬ 


CHINE  COMPANY  are  sending  notices 
to  users  of  their  machines  that  they  have 
been  requested  to  make  a  new  ruling  on 
the  sale  of  rubber  milking  machine  parts. 
Every  dairyman  who  buys  rubber  infla¬ 
tions  must  turn  in  to  his  local  dealer  or 
distributor  an  equal  number  of  used  in¬ 
flations. 


SLICED  HAY: 


One  of  the  newer 

_ developments  in 

harvesting  hay  is  a  sliced  hay  baler 
manufactured  by  J.  I.  CASE  COMPANY, 
Racine,  Wisconsin.  They  refer  to  it  as 
“Packaged  Pastures.’”  When  a  bale 
from  this  machine  is  opened,  it  comes 
apart  easily  in  slices,  making  -it  un¬ 
necessary  to  tear  the  bale  apart  by  main 
strength  and  awkwardness. 


AM**  the  steel  that  goes  in- 

to  munitions  is  scrap,  and 
there  is  a  definite  shortage.  Every  IN¬ 
TERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  dealer  is 
now  cooperating  in  the  drive  to  collect 
scrap  iron  on  farms.  INTERNATIONAL 
HARVESTER  dealers  are  organizing 
scrap  collection  drives,  setting  up  scrap 
depots  where  there  are  no  junk  yards, 
and  enlisting  the  cooperation  of  schools, 
4-H  Clubs,  and  other  organizations.  If 
you  have  scrap  iron  to  help  scrap  the 
Japs,  get  in  touch  with  your  local  Inter¬ 
national  Harvester  dealer  today. 

When  you  plant  corn,  there 

are  two  inexpensive  treat¬ 
ments  that  will  increase  the  crop.  First 
is  the  use  of  Semesan,  Jr.,  manufactured 
by  BAYER-SEMESAN  COMPANY,  Wil¬ 
mington,  Delaware.  It  costs  only  7c  to 
treat  a  bushel,  and  it  prevents  seed 
rotting  and  seedling  blights.  Second  is 
to  treat  corn  with  Stanley’s  Crow  Repel¬ 
lent,  manufactured  by  CEDAR  HILL 
FORMULAE  COMPANY,  Box  1129-M, 
New  Britain,  Connecticut.  It  costs  only 
60c  for  enough  to  treat  a  bushel.  It’s 
good  for  pheasants,  too. 


LONG  LIFE: 


On  page  8  of  the 
April  11  issue  you 
will  find  a  handy  coupon.  Use  it  and 
get  your  free  copy  of  “Tractor  Repair 
and  Maintenance”  from  the  ETHYL 
CORPORATION,  Chrysler  Building,  New 
York  City.  The  booklet  is  well  illustrat¬ 
ed,  contains  58  pages,  and  was  prepared 
by  the  Agricultural  Engineering  Depart¬ 
ment  of  the  University  of  Illinois. 


WORMS: 


PARKE,  DAVIS  &  COM¬ 
PANY,  Detroit,  Michigan, 
Industry  Department,  Desk 


Animal 

N-72-D,  has  a  new  worm  booklet  show¬ 
ing  how  to  control  internal  parasites  in 
sheep,  hogs  and  poultry.  They  will  be 
glad  to  send  you  a  copy  on  request. 


pair  program.  This  is  being  posted  in 
prominent  places  in  the  country.  Posters 
are  available  to  anyone  interested  in  put¬ 
ting  them  where  they  can  be  seen. 

m  |  Two  sales  of  interest  to  beef 

cattle  breeders  are  just 
around  the  corner.  Both  are  to  be  held 
in  the  Judging  Pavilion  at  Cornell  Uni¬ 
versity.  The  first  one,  slated  for  May  4, 
is  being  held  by  the  New  York  State 
Hereford  Breeders’  Association.  Fifty- 
one  head  are  to  be  sold.  The  second, 
May  11,  is  the  annual  sale  of  the  Eastern 
Aberdeen-Angus  Breeders’  Association, 
when  65  head  will  be  auctioned. 


HARVEST  GOLD:  Jhr,oush  “s 

dealers,  the 

manufacturers  of  TEXACO  motor  oil 
have  compiled  an  82-page  booklet  which 
they  call  “Harvest  Gold.”  It  is  full  of 
information  on  tractors  and  other  farm 
equipment,  plus  other  miscellaneous  in¬ 
formation  which  you  will  find  useful. 
Call  at  your  Texaco  dealer,  and  he  will 
be  glad  to  give  you  a  copy. 

The  first  thought  when  a  man 
rnmmmmm  says  “oil”  is  lubrication.  Im¬ 
portant  as  it  is,  that  is  not  the  only  farm 
use  for  oil.  For  example,  the  GULF 
OIL  CORPORATION,  Gulf  Building, 
Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  in  their  ad  on 
page  9  of  the  April  11  issue,  speak  of 
Gulf  livestock  spray  and  Gulf  spray  for 
flies  and  other  household  insects. 


W4TFR _ FAIRBANKS  MORSE  & 

bbmmmh  CO.,  600  South  Michigan 
Ave.,  Chicago,  Ill.,  calls  the  below  a 
“package  unit”  deep  well  water  system. 
The  company  first  put  out  a  “ready-to- 


DOSiTTFR*  The  Advertising  Depart - 
-I-i  ment  of  the  CLEVELAND 
TRACTOR  COMPANY,  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
are  furnishing  a  two-color  poster,  head- 
jBd  “The  Plow  Share  Is  a  Sword,”  as 
tfaeir  contribution  to  the  machinery  re¬ 


plug-in”  shallow  well  water  system  which 
was  so  successful  that  they  have  extend¬ 
ed  the  idea  for  deep  wells.  The  %  h.p. 
pump  unit  is  mounted  on  a  bracket  weld¬ 
ed  to  the  sides  of  the  20-gallon  pressure 
tank. 


Join  the  Farm  Front 

( Continued  from  Page  1) 


wages  of  city  industry.  Our  chief  job 
is  to  convince  our  young  men  that  their 
country  has  great  need  for  them  right 
on  the  farm  front. 

Here  is  another  point  to  keep  in 
mind.  Many  agencies  are  taking  steps 
to  furnish  emergency  help  for  farmers. 
Much  of  this  help  will  be  of  little 

value.  Farming  is  a  skilled  occupa¬ 
tion.  The  idea  that  untrained  city  and 
village  women,  farmerettes  or  school 
children  can  take  the  place  of  trained 
young  farmers  is  nonsense.  Of  not 
too  much  value  either  will  be  much  of 
the  help  from  the  so-called  farm 
camps.  Don’t  misunderstand.  I  am 
not  criticizing  all  the  efforts  made. 
I  am  simply  saying  that  people  who 
are  not  farmers  may  be  misled  by  all 
of  this  talk  about  emergency  farm 
help.  For  every  farmer  knows  that  it 
is  of  little  value,  because  farming  has 
to  be  learned  the  same  as  any  other 
skilled  trade.  A  farmer’s  son  or  hired 
man  is  worth  a  dozen  amateurs. 

With  these  facts  in  mind,  here  are 
some  suggestions  that  may  help: 

WHAT  TO  DO 

I.  Talk  this  problem  over  with  draft 
boards.  It  is  the  responsibility  of  such 

men  as  members  of  the  staffs  of  agri¬ 
cultural  colleges  and  state  departments 
of  agriculture,  county  agents,  leaders 
of  farm  organizations,  and  farmers 
themselves  to  make  sure  that  the  draft 
boards  realize  this  serious  situation. 
That  means  personal  talks  with  draft 
board  members. 

II.  It  is  the  responsibility  of  the  par¬ 
ent  or  employer  of  a  man  who  is  draft¬ 
ed  to  see  that  the  draft  board  has  all 

of  the  facts  if  there  is  need  for  the 
man  to  be  deferred.  The  Secretary  of 

Agriculture  himself  writing  on  this 
subject  on  February  27,  said  in  part: 

“The  board  should  have  all  the  assist¬ 
ance  that  will  contribute  toward  the  effi¬ 
cient  and  intelligent  classification  of 
registrants.  For  that  reason,  farmers 
should  not  hesitate  to  make  information 
available  to  the  local  board  which  will 
assist  it  in  deciding  whether  or  not  a 
man  should  be  deferred  on  the  basis  of 
his  contribution  to  agricultural  produc¬ 
tion.  In  making  requests  for  deferment, 
careful  consideration  should  be  given  to 
the  question  whether  the  man  by  virtue 
of  his  technical  and  other  qualifications, 
together  with  the  difficulty  of  replacing 
him,  is  a  necessary  man  for  the  produc¬ 
tion  of  essential  agricultural  products. 

“When  filling  out  his  questionnaire,  a 
registrant  should  briefly  and  concisely 
describe  the  work  at  which  he  is  em¬ 
ployed.  If  he  himself  is  a  farm  operator 
and  if  he  believes  he  should  be  deferred 
on  that  basis,  those  facts  should  be  clear¬ 
ly  indicated.  If  he  is  a  farm  worker  em¬ 
ployed  by  his  father  or  some  other  farm¬ 
er,  those  facts  should  be  indicated.  In 
the  latter  case,  if  the  laborer  is  essential 
for  work  on  the  farm,  the  farmer  should 
also  submit  a  request  for  occupational  de¬ 
ferment  at  the  same  time  as  the  question¬ 
naire  is  returned  by  the  registrant. 
Farmers  should  not  wait  until  after  the 
laborer  has  been  classified  by  the  local 
board  before  providing  information  which 
would  serve  as  a  basis  for  his  occupa¬ 
tional  deferment.  This  is  important  even 
if  the  laborer  has  some  grounds  for  de¬ 
ferment  on  basis  of  dependency. 

“The  farmer  should  submit  his  request 
on  Form  42-A,  which  may  be  obtained 
from  the  local  board.  If  Form  42-A  can¬ 
not  conveniently  be  obtained,  request  for 
deferment  may  be  made  in  a  properly  wit¬ 
nessed  letter  to  the  local  board.  It  is  sug¬ 
gested  that  the  following  information  be 
given  on  Form  42-A  or  in  the  letter : 

1.  A  statement  of  the  type  of  farm  on 
which  the  registrant  is  employed,  and 
the  number  and  type  of  workers  employ¬ 
ed  on  the  farm,  other  than  the  registrant. 

2.  A  complete  and  accurate  description 
of  the  workers’  job. 

3.  Any  facts  which  show  what  effect 
the  loss  of  the  registrant’s  services  will 


have  on  the  production  of  the  farm. 

4.  An  estimate  of  the  length  of  time  it 
will  take  to  train  or  secure  someone  to  re¬ 
place  this  laborer,  and  the  steps  which 
are  being  taken  to  secure  a  replacement. 

5.  If  all  the  facts  of  the  case  cannot 
be  stated  in  writing,  a  request  for  an 
appearance  before  the  local  board  should 
be  made.  The  local  board  will  be  pleased 
to  accept  oral  testimony. 

“Should  the  registrant  receive  a  classi¬ 
fication  that  does  not  seem  justifiable, 
the  registrant  may  appeal  directly  by 
going  to  the  local  board  within  ten  days 
after  the  mailing  of  the  notification  of 
classification  and  by  signing  the  ques¬ 
tionnaire  in  the  required  place,  or  by 
writing  to  the  local  board  requesting  that 
the  case  be  appealed  to  the  Board  of 
Appeal.  The  employer  (farmer)  may  al¬ 
so  submit  a  written  request  for  appeal. 
The  registrant  may  call  upon  the  Gov¬ 
ernment  Appeal  agent  attached  to  the 
local  board  for  assistance.” 

In  addition  to  the  above  suggestions, 
it  might  be  very  much  worthwhile  to 
ask  some  good  farmer  or  farm  leader 
in  your  neighborhood  to  write  a  letter 
to  the  draft  board,  testifying  to  the 
need  of  deferment  for  food  production, 
the  letter  to  be  filed  at  the  same  time 
as  the  request  for  deferment. 

III.  Convince  your  son  or  employee 

that  he  is  no  slacker  in  staying  at 
home  if  he  really  is  needed  for  food 
production.  Of  course  no  appeal 

should  be  made  to  him  or  to  the  draft 
board  for  sentimental  reasons.  This 
is  war,  and  men  must  serve  where 
most  needed,  whether  it  is  the  farm 
front  or  the  battle  front  or  in  industry. 

But  we  must  create  in  every  farm 
neighborhood  the  feeling  that  the  farm 
front  is  absolutely  necessary,  and  must 
be  maintained  with  sufficient  man¬ 
power.  There  must  be  no  whispering 
around  that  this  or  that  man  is  a 
slacker  unless  there  is  real  evidence 
to  prove  it.  On  the  contrary,  local 
farm  leaders  and  local  farmers  have  a 
definite  responsibility  to  emphasize 
with  all  of  their  young  friends  the 
need  of  maintaining  the  farm  front. 

IV.  THE  FARM  FRONT  CERTI¬ 
FICATE. 

To  emphasize  the  great  necessity  of 
insuring  enough  food  for  victory,  Am¬ 
erican  Agriculturist  has  organized  the 
American  Farm  Front  Volunteers.  If 
you  wish  to  enroll,  write  to  American 
Agriculturist ,  Dept.  C,  Box  367,  Ithaca, 
N.  Y.,  for  an  application  blank.  Fill 
this  blank  out,  and  return  it.  Your  ap¬ 
plication,  of  course,  will  not  be  accept¬ 
ed  unless  it  is  plain  that  you  are  actu¬ 
ally  needed  as  a  food  producer.  If  it 
is  accepted,  you  will  receive: 

1.  A  certificate  testifying  to  your 
membership  in  the  American 
Farm  Front  Volunteers. 

2.  A  button  which  you  can  wear 
constantly,  also  indicating  your 
membership. 

Of  course  this  certificate  and  button 
do  not  represent  deferment  from  mili¬ 
tary  service,  but  they  will  be  your 
proof,  if  you  need  any,  that  you  are 
doing  your  patriotic  duty  and  serving 
your  country  on  the  farm  front. 


“O.K.,  Mom!  Turn  it  on!” 


American  Agriculturist,  April  25,  1942 


13  (267) 


Laying  Shelters 
and  Barracks  Houses 

fey  jfe.  Weaven. 


POULTRYMEN  in  New  York  have 
never  adopted  one  poultry  innova¬ 
tion  that  men  in  Massachusetts  and 
Connecticut  seem  to  find  exceedingly 
helpful.  I  have  wondered  at  this,  but 
have  not  found  the  reason.  I  am  re¬ 
ferring  to  what  are  called  laying  shel¬ 
ters  in  Massachu¬ 
setts,  and  barracks 
houses  in  Connec¬ 
ticut.  These  build¬ 
ings  are  not  exact¬ 
ly  the  same,  but 
the  main  idea  be¬ 
hind  them  is. 

The  problem 
which  these  houses 
solve  is  faced  by 
every  poultryman 
in  the  fall.  It  is 
time  for  the  pul¬ 
lets  to  be  moved 
into  the  laying 
house.  They  are 
already  in  produc¬ 
tion  and  gaining 
every  day.  But 
where  to  put 
them?  The  laying  pens  are  still  oc¬ 
cupied  by  the  hens.  They  must  not 
be  disturbed.  We  can’t  afford  to  lose 
those  big  eggs  when  prices  are  going 
higher  every  week. 

The  laying  shelter  is  the  answer. 
This  spring  construct  a  large  scale 
range  shelter  with  low  sides  of  wire 
and  a  dirt  floor.  Equip  it  with  roosts, 
nests,  feeders  and  water  supply,  and 
that  is  your  laying  shelter.  Now  move 
the  layers  from  the  laying  pens  to 
this  shelter.  They  will  enjoy  the 
bright  and  airy  quarters  and  will  not 
stop  laying.  Everything  is  in  their 
favor.  They  will  lay  so  late  into  the 
fall  that  you  may  have  to  close  in  the 
sides  to  protect  them  from  cold  fall 
winds.  In  the  meantime  you  have  had 
plenty  of  time  to  get  the  vacated  lay¬ 
ing  pens  cleaned  and  polished  for  the 
new  crop  of  pullets.  Professor  G.  T. 
Klein  of  the  Massachusetts  State  Col¬ 
lege,  Amherst,  Massachusetts,  has  pre¬ 
pared  plans  for  such  a  house.  You 
may  have  to  pay  to  get  the  blue-prints, 
but  it  won’t  be  much. 

If  you  build  a  house  suitable  for 
brooding  chicks  in  the  early  spring, 
and  for  housing  laying  hens  after  the 
brooding  season,  that  would  be  a  “bar¬ 
racks”  house.  Such  a  house  will  cost 
more,  and  it  will  be  used  more.  Many 
New  York  poultrymen  might  well  ven¬ 
ture  to  the  extent  of  constructing  one 
or  the  other  of  these  houses  this 
spring. 

*  *  * 

Rickets 

In  young  chicks  rickets  is  a  form 
of  leg  weakness.  Recently  two  in¬ 
stances  have  come  to  my  attention 
where  rickets  has  appeared  in  a  flock 
to  which  a  good  mash  was  being  fed. 
By  a  good  mash  I  mean  one  that  was 
mixed  by  a  reliable  person  or  concern 
following  a  standard  formula,  and  us¬ 
ing  first  grade  ingredients. 

In  such  instances  as  these,  it  is  al¬ 
ways  difficult  to  find  the  seat  of  the 
trouble.  It  is  quite  apparent  that  some 
abnormal  condition  is  present. 

In  one  case  it  seemed  possible  that 
a  mild  outbreak  of  cecal  coccidiosis 
had  increased  the  chicks’  requirements 
for  vitamin  D.  Probably  that  could 
happen.  In  the  ether  case  there  was  a 
possibility  that  the  mash  had  been  held 
over  from  the  previous  season  and  had 
gone  stale. 

In  any  case  of  rickets  the  first  move 
should  be  to  increase  the  vitamin  D 


supply  at  once.  Codliver  oil  or  some 
other  carrier  of  D  may  be  added  to  the 
feed,  but  to  get  the  chicks  out  into 
the  sunshine  is  cheaper  and  just  as 
effective. 

*  *  * 

Straw  Shortage 

Baled  straw,  I  am  told,  is  scarce  in 
western  New  York.  The  retail  price  is 
$14.50  per  ton.  That  is  too  much  for 
poultrymen  to  pay  for  litter. 

The  reason  for  the  shortage  is  that 
much  of  the  grain  was  combined  last 
fall  and  the  straw  left  on  the  ground. 
It  may  be  wise  for  poultrymen  this 
year  to  look  ahead  and  arrange  with 
the  grain-growing  farmers  to  bale 
enough  straw  for  their  needs. 

*  *  * 

Hens  Have  Their  "Notions” 

Hens  like  wheat  better  than  corn, 
as  a  rule.  They  like  corn  better  than 
oats,  as  a  rule.  But  sometimes  they 
will  leave  wheat  and  corn  to  pick  up 
oats.  Hens  are  fond  of  liquid  milk  and 
of  milk  in  the  semi-condensed  form, 
but  if  you  put  before  them  a  dish  of 
powdered  milk  they  will  take  one 
mouthful  and  walk  away.  They  won’t 
take  even  one  pick  at  alfalfa  meal, 
and  you  must  be  careful  not  to  put  too 
much  alfalfa  meal  in  a  mash  or  the 
hens  won’t  eat  the  mash.  But  put  be¬ 
fore  them  some  bright  green  second- 
cutting  alfalfa  hay  and  watch  them 
wade  into  it.  Everything  disappears 
but  the  stalks.  All-mash  rations  are 
satisfactory  only  when  the  ingredients 
are  coarsely  ground.  All  of  which 
should  give  us  some  hints  as  to  how 
to  get  our  birds  to  eat  sufficient  feed 
to  maintain  a  high  rate  of  production, 
and  keep  themselves  in  good  flesh  at 
the  same  time. 

It  looks  to  me  as  though  chickens  do 
not  want  their  food  pulverized,  be  it 
milk,  alfalfa  or  flour.  They  want  it 
in  chunks,  or  should  I  say  particles? 
Something  that  won’t  get  pasty  and 
hard  to  swallow.  Or  else  it  must  be 
moist  enough  to  slide  down  easily. 

Vitamin  A  will  be  hard  to  buy  next 
winter,  and  costly.  Why  not  lay  in  a 
supply  of  bright  green  alfalfa  or  clov¬ 
er  hay  this  summer  to  give  to  the  hens 
next  winter?  Then  feed  a  less  costly 
mash  without  alfalfa  meal.  Or  maybe 
you  would  like  to  put  up  some  grassv 
silage  for  the  hens.  That  is  not  so 
crazy  as  it  may  sound.  I’ll  tell  more 
about  it  one  of  these  days. 

*  *  * 

Save  Lawn  Clippings 

Lawn  clippings  are  rich  in  vitamin 
A.  Vitamin  A  is  scarce  and  will  be 
scarcer.  Lawn  clippings  are  rich  in 
riboflavin  and  protein.  They  are  rel¬ 
ished  by  poultry  both  old  and  young. 
Save  the  clippings  by  using  a  catcher 
when  you  mow  your  lawn,  or  by  rak¬ 
ing  immediately  after  mowing.  Feed 
them  green  to  the  confined  layers,  or 
make  ensilage  of  them,  to  be  fed  next 
winter.  One  man.  told  me  that  he  is 
planning  to  get  the  clippings  from  his 
neighbors’  lawns  and  add  to  his  own 
for  gi’ass  silage. 

The  question  of  silage  for  hens  is 
really  past  the  experimental  stage.  It 
is  closely  tied  up  with  the  idea  of 
poultry  pastures.  When  grass  in  the 
poultry  pasture  gets  a  bit  too  big  to 
furnish  summer  green  feed  for  hens,  it 
can  be  clipped  and  the  clippings  made 
into  silage.  One  way  this  has  been 
done  is  to  pack  the  grass  tightly  into 
( Continued  on  Page  14) 


L.  E.  Weaver 


ymck* 


PROOF  that  PHEN 


O-SAL 
gives  DOUBLE  DUTY 

ion)  was  criven  tn  , 

hi'Mo  tl  ,  n  to  normal 
,d s.  Three  hours  later  an 

SSo 5w2?  fluents  of 

•  •  gizzard 

•  CECA  *  DUODENUM  and 

•  CECA  «  Kimvrrv 


The  2)tPu&ce  T> 


Mnkin6  Water  medicine 


Fights  Chick  Bowel  Troubles  Two*  Ways 


JjSSwvffl**" 


Dh.SoUim,'j  PHEN-OSAL 


START  your  chicks  right!  Use  Dr. 

Salsbury's  PHEN-O-SAL,  the  double 
duty*  drinking  water  medicine! 

Tests  prove  that  Dr.  Salsbury's  Phen-O- 
Sal  stays  active  longer — gives  double 
duty*;  (1)  checks  germ  growth  in  drink¬ 
ing  water,  (2)  medicates  chick's  digestive 
system! 

Do  as  large  flock  owners  do — fight 
chick  bowel  troubles  TWO  ways  at  once, 
with  Dr.  Salsbury's  double  duty *  PHEN- 
O-SAL  in  the  drinking  water! 

Use  in  any  kind  of  container — even 
metal!  Full  directions  on  can.  Buy  at 
hatcheries,  drug  and  feed  stores— look 
for  the  familiar  emblem  shown  below. 
DR.  SALSBURY'S  LABORATORIES, 
Charles  City,  Iowa.  A  Nation-Wide  Poul¬ 
try  Health  Service. 

•  Ask  your  dealer  about  Dr.  Salsbury's 

AVI-TON,  ideal  flock  roundwormer. 

CAN-PHO-SAL,  medicated  spray  and 
inhalant;  first  aid  for  colds,  brooder 
pneumonia. 


THE  DOUBLE  DUTY 
DRINKING  WATER  MEDICINE 


LOOK  FOR  THIS  EMBLEM— IT  IDENTIFIES  DEALERS  WHO  Al 
TRAINED  TO  GIVE  YOU  FREE,  DEPENDABLE  POULTRY  SERVIC 


GET  IN  THE  SCRAP 

sell  it  now.  But,  be  sure  that  you  do  not  discard  machines 
that  could  be  put  into  workable  shape. 


DID  YOV  KNOW  THAT.  .  .  . 


HERE  ARE  AS  MANY  AS  34 
DIFFERENT  SI6NS  OF  POOR 
HATCHES-OF  WHICH  ALMOST 
HALF  ARE  DUE  TO  LACK  OF 
ESSENTIAL  FEED  NUTRIENTS 


o  / 


QUESTION:  How  can  you  be  sure  your  feeds 
contain  a  time-tested  source  of  true  Vita¬ 
min  A  with  uniform  guaranteed  potency? 


ANSWER:  Make  sure  all  feeds  contain  a  Nopco 
Vitamin  A  &  D  oil  mixed  to  provide  the  maxi¬ 
mum  amount  of  true  Vitamin  A  permitted  by 
our  government. 

BE  sure  you  GET 
A  'NOPCO’ OIL  IN 
ALL  FEEDS  .... 


y$i)u  * 

Chicks  whose  parent  hen 

LACKED  VITAMIN  A  IN  HER 
DIET,  OFTEN  SUFFER  HI6H 
MORTALITY  DURIN6  THE  FIRST 
FEW  WEEKS,  REGARDLESS 
OF  THE  VITAMIN  Vl'  CONTENT 
QF  THE  CHICK  FEED  / 


NATIONAL  OIL  PRODUCTS  COMPANY  •  HARRISON,  N.  J, 


(268)  14 


I 


American  Agriculturist,  April  25,  1942 


How  Does  Radio 
Help  the  Farmer? 

Have  you  ever  stopped  to  figure  out  just  what  part  the  “clear 
channel”  radio  station  plays  in  the  daily  life  of  the  farmer? 
First  of  all,  “clear  channel”  stations  have  been  set  up  specific¬ 
ally  to  serve  rural  America,  to  reach  distant  rural  areas  free 
from  the  disturbing  interference  that  so  often  arises  when  two 
or  more  stations  operate  on  the  same  dial-spot.  Remember, 
“clear  channel”  stations  do  not  share  their  spot  on  your  radio 
dial  with  other  stations  during  night  time  hours.  Their  pro¬ 
grams  reach  you  free  from  interference. 

Station  WHAM  at  Rochester  is  one  of  the  nation’s  25  “clear 
channel”  stations.  Our  programs  of  news,  education,  farm 
prices  and  information,  religion,  entertainment,  etc.,  are  pre¬ 
sented  not  just  for  Rochester  or  Monroe  County  but  for  all 
farm  folk  in  a  far-flung  area.  We  feel  that  you  are  entitled 
to  the  same  listening  advantages  as  the  city  listener. 

Station  WHAM,  along  with  the  nation’s  24  other  “clear  chan¬ 
nel”  stations,  serve  50,000,000  residents  of  rural  and  small 
town  America  (living  across  80%  of  the  United  States)  during 
night  time  hours.  _  d 

Station  WHAM 


Danger  of  Disease 

Among  Baby  Chicks 

Success  in  raising  Baby  Chicks  de¬ 
pends  largely  upon  proper  care  and 
management.  Readers  are  warned  to 
exercise  every  sanitary  precaution  and 
beware  of  infection  in  the  drinking 
water.  Baby  Chicks  must  have  a  gen¬ 
erous  supply  of  pure  water.  Drinking 
vessels  harbor  germs.  Drinking  water 
often  becomes  infected  with  disease 
germs  and  may  spread  disease  through 
your  flock  before  you  are  aware.  Use 
preventive  methods — use  Walko  Tab¬ 
lets.  For  over  forty  years  thousands 
of  poultry  raisers  have  depended  upon 
them.  You,  too,  can  rely  on  Walko 
Tablets  as  a  valuable  antiseptic  to  aid 
in  preventing  the  spread  of  disease 
through  contaminated  drinking  water. 

Remarkable  Results  Raising 
Baby  Chicks 

"Gentlemen:  I  have  been  using 

Walko  Tablets  for  35  years  with  splen¬ 
did  results.  I  would  not  think  of  try¬ 
ing  to  raise  Baby  Chicks  without  them. 
I  also  use  them  for  my  grown  birds 
with  the  same  satisfaction." — Mrs.  C. 
M.  Bradshaw,  Diagonal,  Iowa. 


MovingO 


IF  YOU  ARE,  you 
will  want  the  address  on 
your  paper  changed.  On 
a  postal  card  or  by  letter 
write  us  your  old  and 
your  new  address. 

CIRCULATION  DEPARTMENT, 

10  North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


VICTORY 


BUY 

UNITED 
STATES 
WAR 

BONDS 

AND 

STAMPS 


You  Run  No  Risk 

Buy  a  package  of  Walko  Tablets  to¬ 
day  at  your  druggist  or  poultry  supply 
dealer.  Use  them  in  the  drinking  water 
to  aid  in  preventing  the  spread  of 
disease  through  contaminated  water. 
Satisfy  yourself  as  have  thousands  of 
others  who  depend  upon  Walko  Tablets 
year  after  year  in  raising  their  baby 
chicks.  You  buy  Walko  Tablets  at  our 
risk.  We  guarantee  to  refund  your 
money  promptly  if  you  are  not  entire¬ 
ly  satisfied  with  results.  The  Waterloo 
Savings  Bank,  the  oldest  and  strongest 
bank  in  Waterloo,  Iowa,  stands  back 
of  our  guarantee.  Sent  direct  postpaid 
if  your  dealer  cannot  supply  you.  Price 
50c,  $1.00,  $2.50  and  $4.00. 

Walker  Remedy  Company 
Dept.  404,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 


( Continued  from  Page  13) 
old  oil  drums,  adding  16  lbs.  of  phos¬ 
phoric  acid  to  a  ton  of  green  material. 
Without  some  extra  care,  there  will 
be  considerable  loss  at  the  top;  but 
on  an  experimental  basis,  loss  was 
avoided  by  puddling  some  clay  and 
putting  about  3"  on  top  of  the  grass. 
When  it  dried  out,  it  tended  to  crack 
and  pull  away  from  the  edges  of  the 
drum ;  but  these  cracks  were  again 
patched  with  puddled  clay.  Probably 
as  the  idea  progresses,  better  ways  of 
making  silage  will  be  developed. 

This  grass  silage  is  excellent  for  in¬ 
creasing  hatchability  when  fed  about  a 
month  before  the  hatching  season  be¬ 
gins.  Some  experiments  have  been 
conducted  giving  the  hens  about  4  lbs. 
of  grass  silage  per  100  hens  per  day. 
When  given  all  they  will  eat,  they  will 
dispose  of  as  much  as  8  lbs.  per  100 
hens  per  day. 

Incidentally,  the  pasture  mixture 
usually  recommended  for  hens  is:  2 
lbs.  of  Ladino  clover,  12  lbs.  of  Ken¬ 
tucky  Bluegrass,  and  6  lbs.  of  peren¬ 
nial  rye  grass  per  acre. 

Let  us  conserve  this  supply  of  vita¬ 
min  A  for  our  poultry,  and  let  our 
soldiers  have  all  that  is  available  in 
the  markets. — L.  E.  W. 

— a.  a. — 

DETAILS  COUNT 

It  is  difficult  to  explain  why  one  man 
can  raise  a  bunch  of  chicks  with  less 
than  a  10%  loss,  while  another  man, 
with  apparently  the  same  equipment 
and  care,  will  lose  a  good  proportion 
of  them.  Probably  the  importance  of 
the  care  the  chick  gets  before  it  gets 
in  the  brooder  house  is  not  fully  appre¬ 
ciated.  Chicks  that  are  allowed  either 
to  be  chilled  or  overheated  are  likely 
to  develop  digestive  troubles.  It  is 
equally  disastrous,  of  course,  for  chill¬ 
ing  or  overheating  to  occur  after  they 
get  in  the  brooder  house. 

Pullorum  takes  a  heavy  toll  every 
year  where  chicks  come  from  breeders 
which  are  not  tested  until  all  reactors 
are  removed.  Even  here,  however,  there 
is  good  evidence  that  any  slip  in  man¬ 
agement  aggravates  this  trouble  and 
causes  heavy  losses. 

When  we  sum  it  all  up,  raising  a 
flock  of  chickens  with  minimum  losses 
is  a  question  of  conscientious  attention 
to  a  flock  of  details. 

— a.  a. — 

POULTRY  MANURE 

What  is  a  reasonable  price  to  ask  for 
poultry  manure? 

This  is  a  difficult  question  to  answer 
directly  beoause  the  value  depends  on 
a  number  of  things.  For  example,  if 
the  percentage  of  litter  is  high,  that 
cuts  the  value.  Probably  the  biggest 
thing  that  varies  is  moisture  content. 
It  has  been  estimated  that  fresh  poul¬ 
try  manure  contains  about  1.05  nitro¬ 
gen,  1.5  phosphoric  acid,  and  .8%  pot¬ 
ash.  On  that  basis,  it  should  be  worth 
about  $5  a  ton.  If  the  manure  is  well 
dried  out,  the  analysis  will  easily  be 
double  that. 

Another  factor  that  has  to  be  con¬ 
sidered  is  whether  this  is  to  be  sold 
at  the  farm  or  delivered.  I  certainly 
would  not  want  to  sell  any  for  less 
than  $5  a  ton  at  the  farm,  and  would 
try  to  get  as  much  more  as  I  could. 

— a.  a. — 

NEWCOMER 

I  have  never  kept  chickens  before,  but 
I  am  planning  to  buy  some  this  year.  Will 
you  please  send  me  some  information? 

Excellent  information  is  available 
free  of  charge  to  residents  of  the  state 
from  the  state  colleges  of  agriculture 
in  all  northeastern  states.  The  editors 
of  American  Agriculturist  are  always 
glad  to  answer  definite,  specific  ques¬ 
tions.  It  is  wise  for  the  beginner  to 
start  on  a  small  scale,  and  to  get  bul¬ 
letins  on  raising  chicks,  feeding  rates 
( Continued  on  opposite  page) 


ROUNDWORM 

( Ascaridia  lineata) 

Mash-Nic  is  a  scientifically  pre¬ 
pared  compound  containing 
nicotine  in  special  shockless 
form,  which  affords  easy  and 
effective  control  of  roundworm 
(Ascaridia  lineata)  in  chickens. 

ODORLESS  —  TASTELESS  —  ECONOMICAL 

Mash-Nic  is  entirely  inert  until  acted 
upon  by  the  juices  of  the  chicken’s 
intestine.  It  does  not  lose  its  strength 
with  age.  It  is  odorless,  tasteless  and 
non-volatile.  Be  sure  your  poultry 
mashes  contain  Mash-Nic.  4229 

NO  HANDLING  OF  CHICKENS 


TOBACCO  BY-PRODUCTS  &  CHEMICAL  CORP. 

INCORPORATED  •  •  LOUISVILLE.  KENTUCKY 


Ask  your  feedman  for  Borden’s  Flaydry  (with 
Vitamin  D)  or  Ration-ayd  in  your  chick  starting 
feeds.  Both  provide  Dried  Whey  Solubles,  "the 
heart  of  milk  for  poultry  feeding”— combined 
with  Vitamin  A  and  D  feeding  oil  in  a  conve¬ 
nient  form. 


'■>*  ,  ,  SPECIAL  PRODUCTS  DIVISION 

/DCTtlC/tV'J  35 0  MADISON  AVC.,  •  NEW  YORK,  N  Y. 

Concentrators  of  Milk  Solids  —  Manufacturers  of 
Vitamins  for  Poultry  and  Livestock 


Protect  CHICKS  for  LIFE 

with  WENE  LICENSED  VACCINES 


AGAINST  POX  ...3/4<  PER  BIRD 
TRACHEITIS... O. <  PER  BIRD 

INSURE  YOUR  FLOCK  at  a  cost 
Less  Than  a  Single  Egg  Per  Bird.  VAC¬ 
CINATE  at  proper  age  with  Wene 
Chick  Embryo  Origin  Vaccines  (U.  S. 

Veterinary  License  No.  209).  Fowl 
Tracheitis  Vaccine:  100  doses  $2.50; 

500  doses,  $10.  Fowl  Pox  Vaccine:  100  dozen,  75c;  500  dotes, 
$3.  FREE  BOOK  on  poultry  diseases — Send  postcard. 
Attractive  proposition  for  dealers. 

Wene  Poultry  Laboratories,  Dept.  V-D4,  Vineland,  N.  J. 


LIKE  the  early  bird  that  gets 
the  worm,  you’ll  get  the  bar¬ 
gains  if  you  answer  the  adver¬ 
tisements  in  AMERICAN  AGRI¬ 
CULTURIST  promptly.  Don’t  lay 
the  paper  aside  until  you  have  read 
them  thoroughly.  Ads.  in  AMERI¬ 
CAN  AGRICULTURIST  are  guar¬ 
anteed.  To  get  the  protection  of 
this  guarantee  you  must  say  you 
saw  the  ad.  in 

American 

Agriculturist 


_ TURKEYS _ _ 

QUALITY  POULTS  Breeders.  Priced  Reasonably* 

Circular.  SEIDELTON  FARMS,  Washinfltonville.  F*> 


American  Agriculturist,  April  25,  1942 


15  (  269) 


[OUR  GUARANTEE.  You  need  have  no  hesitation  in  sending  money  to  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  baby  chick  advertisers  If  they  fail  to  send  the  chicks  to  you, 
your  money  will  be  refunded.  We  require  every  advertiser  to  stand  back  of  statements  made  in  the  advertisement.  Obviously  no  one  can  guarantee  that  chicks  will 
live.  To  take  advantage  of  our  guarantee  it  is  necessary,  when  writing  advertisers,  to  say,  “I  saw  your  advertisement  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST." 


REDBI RD 


Mass.  State  Pillorum  Tested  Breeders 

Specialty-Bred  30  Years  for  Egg  Production 

Hatching  Eggs  are  produced  on  our  own  300-acre 
farm.  All  breeding  and  hatching  operations  are 
under  ’he  personal  supervision  of  the  owner.  Cus¬ 
tomers  are  continually  reporting  3  lb.  Broilers  at 
10  Weeks  and  50%  Production  of  24-oz.  Eggs  from 
6-Month-Old  Pullets. 

98%  Livability  Guaranteed  First  4  Weeks 
on  Champion.  Grade  A  and  Grade  B  Matings 
RHODE  ISLAND  REDS  NEW  HAMPSHIRES 
WHITE  LEGHORNS  BARRED  PL.  ROCKS 
ROCK-RED  Barred  Cross  RED-ROCK  Sex-Link  Cross 
Complete  Sexing  Service.  Write  for  Catalog  and  Price  List. 
REDBIRD  FARM,  Route  11.  WRENTHAM,  MASS. 
World’s  Largest  R.  I.  Red  Breeding  Farm. 


HALLS 

%£*&**>- 

CHICK* 


for  MORE  EGGS 
-MORE  PROFIT 


■  SEND  FOR  TH/$ 

O 

Step  up  your  > 
Egg  Production  > 
and  Egg  Profits  g 
with  Hall’s  Sexed  Barred  Hallcross 
Pullets.  Bred  for  VIGOR  and  LIVA-  z 
BILll'Y,  they  are  prolific  producers  of  o 
large  eggs.  $ 

SEND  FOR  FREE  CATALOG  7 _ & 

It  Is  straight  forward  and  honest — 
contains  much  useful  information 
on  profitable  egg  production  with 
Hall’s  Chicks.  Send  for  your  copy 
today. 

HALL  BROS.  HATCHERY,  Inc." 

Box  59, _  Wallingford,  Conn. 


WELL  BRED  from  WELL  BREEDERS 


ILEMENTS 

HICKSH 


BROS. 
FARM5f« 


C.' 

MlfcTK  C  I  e  m -Cross  | 

II  |  Mi  sex-linked 

baby  pullets  I, 
are  reaching  wide  popularity  |' 
because  of  their  profit-abilities. 

So  are  CLEMENTS’  Reds,  Barred  and  , 

White  Rocks  and  Clem-Rock  cross  chicks.  _ 

Maine-U.  S.  Pullorum  clean.  Catalog  tells  about  "cih 
operative  savings  plan.  Write  today. 

CLEMENTS  BROS.  FARMS 
Box  24  Winterport,  Maine 


iff*®* 

Bred  right 


Introducing 

ROCK-RED  CROSSBRED 

Chicks  (from  the  best  of  both  breeds) 

— Excellent  for  broiler  raisers  or  egg 
producers.  Slate  tested,  pullorum  passed.  Same 
careful  breeding  as  Douglaston  Manor  Farm  R.  I. 

Reds — long  famous  for  high  produc- 
*m.  .a  tion.  livability,  early  matur- 
VllM  Ity,  non-broodiness,  large 
-  body  and  egg  size.  Both  Reds 

and  Crossbreds  are  available 
Sexed  or  Straight  Run.  Write 
for  catalog  and  prices  todav! 
DOUGLASTON  MANOR  FARM,  R.D.  I,  PULASKI,  N.Y. 


U.  S.  R.  0.  P.  Sired  Chicks 

White  Leghorns;  New  Hampshire  Reds; 
Barred  Rocks;  Barred  Cross.  Bred  to 
live.  100%  satisfaction  guaranteed. 
,  j  ,  A11  breecls  officially  bloodtested.  Chicks 

guaianteed  free  from  Pullorum. 

Write  for  Illustrated  Catalog. 

Van  Duzer  Poultry  Farm 

Box  A  Sugar  Loaf,  New  York 


CONTENT  FARMS 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS  w 

For  past  3  years  our  pens  at  Central  N.  Y.  Laying 
Contest  have  led  all  pens  all  breeds  in  combined  pro- 
?n,d  llvaT3ility‘  We  had  high  Leghorn  pen  at 
taintingdale  Contest  1941.  Order  now  for  1942  delivery. 
SeT _t“'iay  for  advance  price  list  and  catalog. 
CONTENT  FARMS,  BOX  A,  CAMBRIDGE.  N.  Y. 


and 

SEXED  PULLETS 

R.  O.  P  SIRED 

Leghorns  -  New  Hampshires 
Rocks  -  Reds  -  Crossbreds 
Hatched  from  Pullorum  Clean  Breedc 

Guarantee  Protects  Ycu.  Early  Order  Discou 
^  Write  for  Catalog  and  Prices 
TAYLOR’S  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  LIBERTY,  N, 


BARRON 

LEGHORN 

CHICKS 


f  from  high  record  trapne 
bloodtested  stock;  imported 
bred  this  strain  for  27  years, 
ed  or  Unsexed  chicks.  Freeciro 

DAVID  M.  HAMMONI 
i  Rt.  3.  Cortland,  N 


( Continued  from  opposite  page) 

—  in  fact  all  angles  of  the  poultry 
business — and  follow  instructions  care¬ 
fully.  He  will  make  mistakes,  of  course, 
but  sometimes  a  newcomer  is  success¬ 
ful  because  he  realizes  his  lack  of 
knowledge  and  follows  instructions  to 
the  letter.  It  is  distinctly  unwise  for 
any  newcomer  to  start  in  on  a  big 
scale.  The  chances  for  losses  are  too 
great.  The  best  way  is  to  work  on  a 
good  poultry  farm  for  at  least  a  year 
to  get  some  experience.  • 

— a.  a. — 

SEXIJVG  TURKS 

Can  day-ol<l  turkeys  be  sexed  the  same 
as  chickens? 

Yes,  although  the  practice  is  not 
widely  followed,  probably  because  tur¬ 
keys  are  grown  principally  for  meat. 
The  only  advantage  I  can  see  is  that  a 
man  who  is  supplying  a  family  trade 
might  want  hens  because  of  their  smal¬ 
ler  weight  when  mature.  On  the  other 
hand,  a  man  supplying  a  hotel  trade 
might  prefer  the  toms. 


v  — a.  a. — 

CHICKS  AND  ASPARAGUS 

Will  it  harm  asparagus  to  let  chickens 
run  in  it? 

No.  On  the  contrary,  it  is  good  for 
both  the  asparagus  and  the  chickens. 
The  chickens  will  get  a  little  shade 
after  the  asparagus  gets  a  start,  and 
they  will  eat  some  insects  and  help 
control  weeds. 

—  A.  A.— 

SEPARATION 

At  what  age  should  cockerels  and  pul¬ 
lets  be  separated? 

Just  as  soon* as  they  can  be  dis- 
guished.  One  reason  is  to  give  the  pul¬ 
lets  more  room.  They  should  have  every 
possible  advantage  if  you  expect  them 
to  get  the  size  that  will  bring  them 
into  production  at  an  early  age. 

— a.  a. — 

SHOCKING  FOXES 

Somewhere  I  have  heard  the  suggestion 
that  electric  fences  might  keep  foxes  off 
chicken  ranges.  Has  this  been  tried? 

We  know  of  one  central  New  York 
poultryman  who  reports  good  success 
from  this  arrangement.  He  was  rather 
skeptical  when  he  tried  it  out,  but  he 
was  suffering  considerable  losses,  and 
he  reports  that  it  works. 

i 

—a.  a. — 

PRESERVING  EGGS 

What  is  the  proportion  of  water  and 
waterglass  commonly  used  to  preserve  j 
eggs? 

One  part  of  waterglass  (sodium 
silicate)  is  used  with  nine  parts  of 
water,  by  measure.  One  quart  of 
waterglass  and  nine  quarts  of  water 
will  take  care  of  about  fifteen  dozen 
eggs.  Be  sure  that  there  is  at  least 
2"  of  solution  covering  the  eggs  at  all 
times.  Keep  the  crock  in  which  eggs 
are  stored  in  a  cool  place  where  you 
won’t  have  to  move  it  after  the  eggs 
are  placed  in  the  solution. 


TRUTT’S  BABY  CHICKS 


Hatches  Every  Week  in  Year  100  100  100 

Will  Ship  C.O.D.  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls. 

Large  Eng.  White  Leghorns _ $7.95  $15.95  $1.50 

New  Hampshire  Reds  _  8.95  13.95  7.95 

B.  &W.  Rox,  R.  I.  Reds,  Box-Bed  Cross  8.95  11.95  7.95 

Heavy  Mixed  -  7.95  9.95  5.00 

95%  guar,  on  all  Pullet  Chicks.  100%  live  del.  Every 
Breeder  Bloodtested.  Order  direct  from  advertisement 
or  write  for  FREE  CATALOG. 

TRUTT’S  POULTRY  FARM  &  HATCHERY, 

BOX  A,  HUMMELS  WHARF,  PENNA. 


JUNIATA  LEGHORNS 


Our  28th  year  of  breeding  JUNIATA  LEGHORNS.  Our 
foundation  Breeders  direct  from  TOM  BARRON.  They  are 
large  birds  and  bred  for  eggs  and  more  eggs.  Before  order¬ 
ing  your  chicks  be  sure  to  write  us  for  our  large  Circular  showing  pictures  of  our  farm  and  breeders — a 
postal  card  will  bring  this  to  you.  Prices  exceptionally  low.  Day  Old  Pullets  a  specialty.  Write  NOW. 

JUNIATA  POULTRY  FARM  Box  A,  RICHFIELD,  PENN. 


ON  DUTY  FOR 

DEFENSE 

Thousands  of  farms  are  stock¬ 
ing  Kerr's  Lively  Chicks  to 
meet  the  nation's  challenge:  10%  more  eggs 
and  meat  for  America's  defense! 

Why  do  so  many  poultry  raisers  prefer 
Kerr's  Lively  Chicks  in  this  emergency? 

Here's  why!  For  34  years  Kerr  Chicker- 
ies,  Inc.,  has  bred  chicks  that  live,  thrive 
and  grow.  Annual  culling,  banding  and 
blood-testing  of  the  120,000  Kerr  breeders 
have  made  Kerr  Chicks  famous 
for  livability,  vitality  and  pro¬ 
ductivity.  And  available  are 
all  popular  breeds,  crosses 
and  sexed  White  Leghorns. 

Write  today  for  free  literature 
and  advance  order  discount  offer 

KERR  CHICKERIES 

21  RAILROAD  AVE.,  FRENCHTOWN,  N.  J. 
There's  a  branch  office  near  you— call  today 

NEW  JERSEY:  Jamesburg,  Paterson,  Woodbury; 
.NEW  YORK:  Binghamton,  Blue  Point,  L.  I.,  East 
Syracuse.  Kingston,  Middletown,  Schenectady; 
PENNSYLVANIA:  Dunmore,  Lancaster.  Lewistown; 
MASS.:  West  Springfield;  CONN.:  Danbury;  DEL¬ 
AWARE  :  Selbyvilie.  (Address  Dept.  21) 


WHITLOCK 

*io.  a> 

*  6  ©  Sob 


I  MAY 

5  CHICKS 

I 


EGGS  FOR 

■  HATCHING . . 

Special  Price  on  LARGE  ORDERS 

All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100% 

■  State  Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube  Agglut.  TOL- 
MAN’S  CHICKS  famous  for  KAPID  GROWTH. 
EARLY  MATURITY.  Profitable  EGG  YIELD. 
Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters  or 
H  market  eggs.  Send  for  FREE  Circular. 

1  SPECIALIZE  ONE  BREED.  ONE 
GRADE  at  ONE  PRICE. 

Dept.  B, 

ROCKLAND 

MASS. 


JOSEPH 


TOLMAN 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


Hatches  Mon.-Tues.-Wed.-Thurs.  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ $9.00 

Black  or  White  Mmorcas _ 9.00 

B.  &  W.  Rox,  R.  I.  Reds,  W.  Wy.  9.00 

Red-Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross _ 9.00 

Jersey  White  Giants _ .11.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAA  SUP.)_I2.00 


$1.50 
2.00 
8.00 
8.00 
10.00 

_  _  8.00 

Heavy  Mixed  $8.  HEAVY  BROILER  CKLS.  (OUR 
SELECTION)  $7.00.  Breeders  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D. 
100%  live  del.  Postage  Paid.  AMERICAN  SEXORS 
ONLY.  05%  Accuracy. 

C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY.  Box  A.  McAlisterville.  Pa 


$16.00 

16.00 

12.00 

12.00 

14.00 

16.00 


CHERRY  HILL  CHICKS 


Twenty-Five  years  of  Breeding  and  Hatching  Experi¬ 
ence.  Assures  you  the  highest  duality.  Tested  for  B.W.D. 
Postage  Paid.  Catalog  FREE.  Live  Delivery. 

Pullets  Guar.  95%  Accurate.  Per  100  100  100 

BIG  R.O.P.  SIRED  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS  - $7.50  $14.00  $2.00 

White  or  Barred  Rocks _  8.00  11.00  7.00 

New  Hamps.  or  S.  C.  R.  I.  Reds  9.00  13.00  6.00 
Less  than  100  add  le  oer  chick.  Also  Started  Chicks 

CHERRY  HILL  POULTRY  FARM, 

Wm.  Nace,  (Prop.)  Box  A,  McA LISTER V I LLE,  PA. 


Shellenberger’s  S.  C.  White  Leghorns 

Heavy  producers  of  large  White  eggs.  R.O.P. 
Sired  Chicks — Sexed  Pullets,  95%  Sex  guarantee 
— Day  Old  Cockerels.  Write  for  prices  and  Catalog. 
C.  M.  SHELLENBERGER’S  POULTRY  FARM 
Box  37,  Richfield,  Pa. 


fHIfK'Q*  T0M  BARRON  WHITE  LEGHORNS. 
LniLKD.  SURPRISINGLY  LOW  PRICES. 
WHITE  LEGHORN  FARMS.  Box  A.  RICHFIELD.  PA. 


Big  full  breasted  BRONZE  TURKEYS.  Eggs  $4.00 
dozen.  Poults  60c.  T.  D.  Schofield,  Woodstock,  N.  H. 


REDUCED  Summer  prices 

§WENE  R.O.R  SIRED 
CHICKS,  PULLETS 

,  DAY-OLD  or  Started*Also  Sexed  Males 


D.S.  New  Jersey 
APPROVED 

1,800,000  Egg 
Hatching  Capacity 
Hatches  Every 
Week  Year  Around 

CREDIT  given 
if  desired 


FREE  REPLACEMENT  GUARANTEE 

Insured  thru  first  14-Day  Danger  Period 
—  any  loss  replaced  FULLY  without 
charge.  More  2-to-5-yr.-old  HEN 
BREEDERS  headed  by  pedigreed  males 
from  200-300-Egg  R.  O.  P.  Hens  than 
any  other  Eastern  plant.  BLOOD¬ 
TESTED.  Leading  pure  or  crossbreeds. 
Write  for  FREE  LITERATURE,  BAR¬ 
GAIN  SUMMER  PRICES. 


WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  Dept.  D-4,  Vineland.  M.J. 


«£»-ULsh  farm;  chick;  E 


All  Breeders  carefully  culled  & 

Blood  Tested.  Order  direct  from 
ad.  or  write  for  our  new  catalog. 
Satisfaction  and  safe  arrival  guaranteed. 
Shipments  Mon.  &  Thurs. —  Unsex’d  Pul’ts  C’k’ls 

Will  Ship  C.O.D.  100  100  100 

White  or  Brown  Leghorns _ $9.00  $16.00  $1.50 

Black  or  Buff  Leg.,  Anconas _  9.50  17.00  2.00 

Bar.  White  or  Buff  Rocks - 9.50»  13.00  8.50 

Wh.  Wyand,  R.  I.  Reds,  N.  Hamps.  9,50  13.00  7.00 

Red-Rocks,  Rock-Red  Cross _  9.50  13.00  8.50 

SPECIAL  GRADE  A  MATINGS 

White  &  Black  Leghorns - 12.00  20.00  4.50 

Bar.  Rocks  &  New  Hampshires _ 13.50  17.00  11.00 

Sexing  guaranteed  95%  correct.  Our  21st  year. 

ULSH  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A,  Port  Trevorton,  Pa. 


Your  Chicks  MUST  be  good  this  year! 
Don’t  take  chances.  Clauser  chicks  are  from 
large  size,  heavy  production  Barron  English  S.  C.  W. 
Leghorns.  Hens  weigh  up  to  7  lbs.  Mated  with  R.O.P. 
Pedigreed  Cockerels.  Extra  quality  chicks  from  Blood-test¬ 
ed.  healthy,  vigorous  selected  stock.  Straight  run,  sexed 
pullets  or  cockerels.  Write  for  price  list  and  catalog. 

Box  A, 

Kleinfeltersvllle,  Pa. 


Robert  L.  Clauser 


STONEY  RUN  CHICKS 

Cash  or  C.O.D.  100%  live  STR.  PLTS.  CKLS. 

Delivery  Guaranteed.  100  100  100 

English  White  Leghorns - $  9.00  $16.00  $2.00 

DIRECT  HANSON  WH.  LEGHORNS  1 1.00  18.00  3.00 

Bar.  Wh.  Rocks  &  R.  I.  Reds _ 10.00  12.00  8.00 

Special  N.  H.  Reds - , -  13.00  17.00  8.00 


Write  for  our  1942  Catalog  for  details  of  our  15  yrs. 
breeding  program  that  makes  more  money  for  our  large 
family  of  Poultry  Raisers.  All  Breeders  Bloodtested. 
RESERVE  Your  Chicks  Today. 


STONEY  RUN  HATCHERY. 

H.  M.  Leister,  Owner,  Box  A,  McALISTERVILLE,  PA. 


Hatch Tue.  &Thur.  100%  L.  Del.  P.D.  Non-Sex  Pit’s  Ckl’s 
Pullets  95%  Accurate  guar.  100  100  100 

Large  Type  White  Leghorns - $  9.50  $17.00  $2.00 

B. &W.  Rox.  R.  I.  Reds,  Rox-Red  Cr.  10.00  13.00  9.00 

Special  Bred  N.  H.  Reds _  13.00  17.00  9.00 

H.  Mix  $9-100.  All  Breeders  BLOOD  TESTED.  Antigen 
method.  Catalog  FREE.  Write.  MCALISTERVILLE 
HATCHERY,  Box  20,  MCALISTERVILLE,  PA. 


NACE’S  QUALITY  CHICKS 


We  pay  postage.  Safe  delivery  guaranteed. 

HANSON  OR  ENGLISH  LARGE  100  100  100 

TYPE  WHITE  LEGHORNS  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls. 

R. O.P.  SIRED  — _ _ $9.00  $16.00  $2.00 

S.  C.  Everpay  Br.  Leghorns _  9.00  16.00  2.00 

Bar.  and  White  Rocks -  10.00  14.00  7.00 

N.  II.  and  R.  I.  Reds -  10.00  14.00  7.00 

Heavy  Mixed  - 8.00  10.00  6.00 

From  Free  range  Flocks.  Sexed  Pullets  Guar.  95% 

accurate.  Order  from  ad  or  write  for  Catalog. 

J.  N.  NACE  POULTRY  FARM  &  HATCHERY. 
Box  A,  RICHFIELD.  PENNSYLVANIA. 


rHirif  Q  S.  C.  White  Leghorns.  New  Hampshires 
LniLlVO  an(j  Barred  Rocks.  10c;  Corni-Rocks,  12c; 
Sexed  Leghorn  Pullets,  15c.  Guar.  95%.  All  State 
Blood  Tested  and  Supervised  Flocks.  Circular  FREE. 

E.  L.  BEAVER,  Box  A,  MCALISTERVILLE,  PA. 


f*IIIPKC  T0M  BARRON  WHITE  LEGHORNS, 
vnivna  HIGHEST  QUALITY.  LOWEST  PRICES. 
TOM  BARRON  LEG.  FARM.  Box  A,  RICH  FIELD.  PA. 


DAY  OLD  AND  STARTED  CHICKS.  Bloodtested 

Breeders.  Write  for  our  1942  prices.  Prompt  shipment, 
ROSELAWN  CHICK  FARM,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


(270)  16 


American  Agriculturist,  April  25,  1942 


NotitheaAt  Manheti  Ito  NanttieaAt  PwuhiceM. 


"American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page 


99 


HOLSTEIN 


TRY  “WAIT  FARMS”  FIRST 

for  your  next  Herd  Sire.  We  specialize  on  Type  and 
Production.  2  Gold  Medal  Herd  Sires.  2  Silver  Medal. 
Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  TH/UB^T  naryms' 
FOR  SALE:  At  Farmer’s  Prices, 

sons  of  excellent  type  from  our  4%  “Invincible”  daugh¬ 
ters  sired  by  Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

Orchard  Hill  Stock  Farm,  FMort  ^aKv. 
Holstein  Bull  Calves,  for  sale  or  lease. 

sons  of  Commodore  Constance,  Dam  K.0.1.  Pauline 
made  1019  lbs.  fat,  28079  lbs.  milk;  was  N.  Y.  State 
Champion.  Out  of  high  producing,  excellent  type  dams 
backed  by  4%  test  dams.  At  farmers’  prices.  PAUL 
STERUSKY,  Sunnyhill  Dairy  Farm,  Little  Falls.  N.  Y. 


GUERNSEY 


TARBELL  FARMS  GUERNSEYS 

Federal  Accredited  —  360  HEAD  —  Negative 
YOUNG  BULLS  FOR  SALE.  CLOSELY  RELATED  TO 
Tarbell  Farms  Peerless  Margo  613193,  18501.4  lbs.  Milk. 

1013.3  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  3  Yr.  Old. 
Tarbell  Farms  Royal  Lenda  467961,  20508.9  lbs.  Milk, 
1109.0  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  4  Yr.  Old. 

TARBELL  FARMS 

Smithville  Flats,  New  York 

SELECT  GUERNSEY  BULL  — 

Age  6  months.  Dam  and  Sire's  dam  have  five  records 
averaging  13.268  M.,  588.6  F.  Sired  by  McDonald 

Farms  Dauntless,  a  full  brother  to  McDonald  Farms 
Artist.  14,550  M.,  746.7  F.  Cl.  C  and  show  winner  at 
National  1938-39.  Dauntless  is  sired  by  Foremost  Pre¬ 
diction,  son  of  Valors  Faithful,  20,011  M.,  976.5  F. 

Cl.  A  and  Foremost  Bell  Buoy.  Write  for  pedigree 
and  prices. 

WYCHMERE  FARM 

Clifford  W.  Smith,  Mgr.,  Ontario,  N.  Y. 

For  Sale:  Registered  Guernsey  Bulls. 

READY  FOR  SERVICE,  FROM  600  LB.  DAMS. 
FEW  HEIFERS  UNDER  ONE  YEAR. 

Price  reasonable  (a  good  time  to  buy). 

Lake  Delaware  Farms,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 


Excellent  Guernsey  Bulls 

TWO  MONTHS  TO  SERVICEABLE  AGE. 
Heredity  of  Langwater  Valor  and  Saugerties  Royal 
Sequel  of  Production  and  Type.  For_sale  or  lease 
with  reliable  Farm  Bureau  reference. 

RATH  BROS., 

Stone  Rd.,  PITTSFORD,  N.  Y. 

_ JERSEYS _ 

Lake  View  Farm  Jerseys 

E.  A.  Beckwith  &  Son,  Ludlowville,N.Y. 

We  sold  a  foundation  milking  herd  to  Col.  R. 

M.  Vose,  owner  of  Four  Winds  Farm,  Ithaca, 

N.  Y.  We  now  offer  bulls  1  mo.  to  1  yr.  old 
from  both  herds,  sired  by  Imp.  Sybil’s  Jupiter 
of  Rosel,  a  son  of  the  best  proven  sire  and 
the  high  milk  and  butterfat  proven  cow  on 
the  Island  of  Jersey.  The  dams  of  these  young 
bulls  have  2  time  milking,  305  da.  records 
of  from  450  to  673  lb.  of  fat.  These  dams 
also  have  from  1  to  5  Proven  Sires  in  their 
breeding.  Our  1941  herd  average  was  9280 

lbs.  Milk,  570.3  fat. 

We  also  have  an  option  on  a  son  of  Sybil 
Jupiter  of  Rosel,  now  in  service  on  farm  near 
Geneva.  Both  herds  Accredited  and  Approv¬ 
ed  for  Bangs. 

AYRSHIRE 


Auction  Sale — 2  P.  M. — Apr.  28,  1942. 

17  good,  young,  purebred  Ayrshire  cows.  These  cows 
are  out  of  good  dams  bred  by  good  sires.  Herd  T.B. 
accredited  and  bloodtested  and  Bang’s  free. 
LUMAN  ROOD.  DEPOSIT,  N.  Y.,  ROUTE  8. 
DAVID  CHAMBERS  —  AUCTIONEER. 


For  Sale:  REGISTERED  AYRSHIRES. 

I  Bull,  15  mo.,  dam  13,874  milk,  573.7  fat.  twice  a 
day  machine  milking.  Grandam  19,866  milk.  760  fat. 
I  Heifer,  16  mo.;  I  Bull,  6  mo.;  I  Heifer.  2  mo. 

Similar  breeding.  Fully  approved. 

F.  S.  HOLLOWELL.  PENN  YAN,  NEW  YORK 


SHORTHORNS 


DUAL  PURPOSE  SHORTHORNS 

TWO  STRONG  YEARLING  BULLS  READY  FOR 
HEAVY  SERVICE  NOW.  AND  SEVERAL  YOUNG 
BULLS  FOR  SPRING  AND  SUMMER  SERVICE. 

Wm.  J.  Brew  &  Sons,  Bergen,  N.  Y. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


ARERDEEN -ANGUS 


HOGS 


Our  herd  sire  was  Grand  Champion  at  New  York, 
Kansas  and  Missouri  State  Fairs,  and  1st  prize  at  Iowa 
and  Indiana.  Now  offering  bull  calves  and  bred  heifers. 
Also  Registered-Certificd  Lenroc  Seed  Oats  and  Seneca 
Soybeans. 

C.  C.  TAYLOR,  Lawtons,  N.  Y. 

TEN  COMMERCIAL 

ABERDEEN  ANGUS  FEMALES, 

two  to  five  years  of  age,  bred  for  spring  freshening  to 
the  proven  sire  Prideman  Peter.  Accredited  &.  Negative. 

Kutschbach  &  Son,  Sherburne,  N.  Y. 

FOR  SALE:  TWO  ANGUS  BULLS 

SIRED  BY  ANDERLOT  BLACKCOPPER, 

Bred  right,  fed  right  and  are  low  down  and 
the  right  beef  type. 

W.  R.  VAN  SICKLE,  CAYUGA,  N.  Y. 

REREFORDS 

HEREFORD  CATTLE 

BUY  ANIMALS  THAT  TRACE  DIRECTLY  TO  A 
REGISTER  OF  MERIT  SIRE. 

We  are  offering  a  Bull  and  four  Heifers  in  the  New 
York  State  Hereford  Breeder's  Sale  at  Cornell  Uni¬ 
versity,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  May  4th. 

We  consider  these  excellent  individuals,  suitable  for 
herd  foundation  stock.  They  are  all  sired  by  our 
Grand  Champion  Herd  Sire  whose  Grand  Sire  is  a 
Register  of  Merit  Bull,  Bocaldo  6th. 

We  also  have  stock  for  sale  at  the  farms. 

BOB  0  LINK  FARMS,  Wolcott,  N.  Y. 

HEREFORD  —  ANGUS 

EVERYTHING  IN  REGISTERED  AND 
COMMERCIAL  BREEDING  STOCK. 

West  Acres  Farms,  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y. 

DAIRY  CATTLE 

COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEI  NS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 

SWINE 

Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS.  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 

SHEEP 

REGISTERED — Bred  Dorset  Ewes 

AND  BRED  DORSET-D  ELAI NE  EWES 
due  to  lamb  in  March  and  April;  also  number  of 
Dorset-Delaine  Yearlings,  well  grown. 

Stony  Ford  Farms,  PSToNYMidFd°ietown.N'N  y'y. 

HORSES 

Cornell  University  offers  annual  surplus 

OF  HORSES  FOR  SALE.  BELG 1 A  NS— PE  RCH  E  RO  NS. 
Mares  and  stallions  of  all  ages.  Several  work  teams. 

Prices  low  for  immediate  sale. 

Contact,  R.  M*  WATT,  DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL 
HUSBANDRY.  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 

JACKASS 

For  Sale:  Large  Mammoth  Jackass. 

9  years  old.  weight  1000  lbs.,  kind  and  gentle. 
Gets  wonderful  colts.  Or  would  exchange  for 
young  heavy  team  or  cattle. 

Sheldon  E.  Mothersell,  rushville.'n.  y. 

GOATS 

PURE  BRED 

Registered  Nubian  Milk  Goats. 

HIGH  CLASS  MILKERS  AND  KIDS. 

Visitors  are  invited  and  welcome. 

WM.  L.  HALL,  BATH,  N.  Y. 

FOR  SALE: 

Pure  bred  and  grade  Toggenburg  Goats, 

YOUNG.  DUE  TO  FRESHEN  IN  MAY. 

WM.  OLNEY,  Conesus,  N.  Y. 

HAY 

BALED  HAY  AND  STRAW 

ALL  GRADES  MIXED  HAY  AND  ALFALFA. 
DELIVERED  BY  TRUCK  OR  CARLOAD. 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 

POULTRY 


SHEPHERDS  —  COLLIES 

TRAINED  CATTLE  DOGS  AND  PUPS. 

HEEL  DRIVERS  —  BEAUTIES. 

WILMOT,  East  Thetford,  Vt. 

PUPPIES— FREE  DETAILS 

ST.  BERNARDS  — ALL  BR  EE  DS— D  ET  Al  LS  FREE! 
Book  108  colored  pictures,  descriptions  recognized 

hrPAtl  c 

ROYAL  KENNELS,  R.  3,  Chazy,  N.  Y. 

BEAGLE  PUPPIES,  three  months  old. 

Bred  from  excellent  hunters.  Males  $7;  Females  $5. 
Shipped  on  5  days  approval.  Guaranteed  to  please. 

BENJ.  J.  BARTRON,  tunkhannock,  pa. 

SEED  POTATOES 

Certified  Seed  Potatoes 

SMOOTH  RURALS,  RUSSET  RURALS,  K  AT  A  H  D 1  NS, 
TUBER  UNIT  FOUNDATION  STOCK. 
NON-CERTIFIED  CHIPPEWA.  SEBAGO. 

H.  L.  Hodnett  &  Sons,  Fillmore,  N.  Y. 

Certified  Katahdin  SEED  POTATOES, 

high  yielding  strain, 
practically  disease  free. 

Appleton  Bros.,  Canandaigua,  N.  Y. 

SEEDS 

Corn  cER^nERDED  Soy  Beans 

BECKWITH  STRAIN  EARLY  CORNELL  No.  II. 

A  9<i  day  orain  corn  for  Northeast,  is  also  recommended 
by  State  College  for  quality  silage  at  high  elevations. 

1  BU.,  $3.75;  i/2  BU.,  $2.25;  1  PK.,  $1.50. 
SENECA  SOY  BEANS  FOR  GRAIN,  110  DAYS. 

Also  a  great  hay.  green  feed  on  silage  crop. 

6  BU.  OR  MORE  @$3.75;  1  BU.,  $4.00,  '/2  BU.,  $2.50. 

LAKE  VIEW  FARM,  ^oLowvai!^  Vs  T 

CORNELL  HYBRID  29-3 

West  Branch  Sweepstakes  and  Cornell  If  field  corn, 
Whipple’s  Yellow  Sweet  Corn,  Cayuga  and  Seneca 
Soybeans,  Corncllian  Oats,  Grass  Seeds. 

JERRY  A.  SMITH  &  SONS.  LUDLOWVILLE,  N.  Y. 
Tompkins  County.  Phone  Poplar  Ridge  3610. 

PLANTS 

PERENNIALS  — LARGE  PLANTS. 

Some  rare  kinds  —  free  list. 

The  Rinkle  Gardens,  Camden,  N.  Y. 

MAPLE  SYRUP 

VERMONT  PURE  MAPLE  SYRUP 

GRADE  A  QUALITY  —  GALLON  $2.50, 

Postage  Extra. 

R.  Stevens,  Montgomery  Center,  Vt. 

HONEY 

UHNFY.  Clover,  5  lbs.,  $1.25;  10  lbs..  $2.15. 
nwiYE.1  .  Buckwheat.  5  lbs.,  $1.10;  10  lbs., 

$2.00.  Postage  prepaid  to  third  zone. 

USE  HONEY  FOR  COOKING  AND  BAKING. 

W.  Botsford,  R.D.,  Horseheads,  N.  Y. 

POULTRY 

Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS.  BARRED  ROCKS.  ROCK-RED 
CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

LEGHORNS— NEW  HAMPSHIRES 

BARRED  ROCKS  —  CROSSES 
"BRED  TO  LAY  —  LAY  TO  PAY” 

Write  for  descriptive  catalog  and  prices. 

GLEN  WOOD  FARMS,  ithYca/  n/  y. 

BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  U.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
List  describing  our  Leghorns,  Reds,  and 
crossbreds. 

Eli  H.  Bodine,  Box  28,  Chemung,  N.  Y. 

EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

Hatching  Eggs  —  Started  Pullets 

James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  Trumans°bXurgA,N.  y. 

Walter  Rich’s 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 


9400 

LAYERS 


Rich  Poultry  Farms 

Leghorns  Progeny  Tested  Reds 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS. 

Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de¬ 
scribes  our  method  of  growing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 
S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Pullorum  clean,  high  in  quality,  low  in  price. 
Write  for  information. 

Norton  Ingalls,  R.D.  1,  Greenville,  N.  Y. 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Officially  Pullorum  Passed.  N.  Y.  U.  S.  Approved 

BREEDING  COCKERELS 
Write  for  Folder 

E.  R.  Stone  and  Son 


Box  A. 

CLYDE.  N.  Y. 


X-BEAUTV7 


McLoughlin  Leghorns 

Progeny-test  bred.  7-time  New  York 
R.O.P.  champions  with  average  produc¬ 
tion  records  of  257,  253,  256,  258.  266, 
261  and  262  eggs.  U.S.  Pullorum  Clean. 


McLoughlin  Leghorn  Farm,  Chatham  Center.  N. Y. 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS.  NEW  HAM  PSH I  RES. 
BARRED  ROCKS.  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  All  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
Folder  and  Prices. 

Box  A. 

Middletown.  N.  Y. 


WILLIAM  S.  MAPES, 


The  McGREGOR  FARM 


S>  Cm  White  Leghorns— 50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 
THE  McGREGOR  FARM.  Box  A.  MAINE.  N.  Y. 

ORPINGTONS— Wilson’s  Finest  Buffs. 

Direct  ten  generations  of  R.O.P.  breeding  with  records 
of  200-260  eggs.  Single  Comb  Reds  and  White  Rocks 
of  hi-egg  quality.  Illustrated  Folder. 

Earl  S.  Wilson,  Fort  Covington,  N.  Y. 


WHITE  LEGHORNS.  NEW  HAM  PSH  I R  ES. 
ROCK-RED  CROSSBREDS.  WHITE  ROCKS. 
CORNO  RED  CROSSBREDS. 

Commercial’  and  foundation  stock,  pullets,  males.  All 
stock  bloodtested  with  no  reactors  found;  Pedigreed 
male  matings.  Write  for  circular  and  prices. 

SUSQUEHANNA  FARMS, 


Schwegler’s  “THOR-O-BREDS” 

HOLD  II  WORLD  OFFICIAL  RECORDS. 

Stock  from  200-324  egg  Pedigree  Breeders  2  to  5  years 
old  —  Leghorns,  White  Rocks,  Barred  Rocks.  R.  I. 
Reds,  New  Hampshires,  Wyandottes,  Giants,  Orpingtons, 
Minorcas,  Red-Rock  Cross.  Pekin  Ducks — Blood  Test¬ 
ed  Breeders.  Write  for  free  Catalog. 

SCHWEGLER’S  HATCHERY 

208  NORTHAMPTON,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

SSa™yK  Pedigree  S.C.W.  Leghorns 

B.W.D.  TESTED  PULLETS  AND  BREEDING  STOCK. 
Progeny  Tested  under  supervision  Cornell  University. 

Hartwick  Hatchery,  Inc.,  Hartwick,  N.Y. 


See  Opposite  Page  for 
Additional  Poultry  Ads 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

This  classified  page  is  for  the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications; 
LIVESTOCK — Cattle,  Swine,  Sheep,  Horses,  Dogs,  Rabbits,  Goats,  Mink,  Ferrets;  FARM  PRODUCE — Field 
Seeds,  Hay  and  Straw,  Maple. Syrup,  Honey,  Pop  Corn,  Miscellaneous;  POULTRY — Breeding  Stock.  Hatching  Eggs- 
JMPLOY MENT — Help  Wanted.  Situation  Wanted-  FARM  REAL  ESTATE— Farms  for  Sale.  Farms  Wanted' 
USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT— For  Sale.  Wanted. 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers’  classified  advertising  rates.  Two 
advertising  space  units  are  offered  as  follows:  space  one  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $6.00  per  issue  or 
space  one-half  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.00  per  issue.  Copy  must  be  received  at  American  Agriculturist. 
Advertising  Dept.,  Box  514,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  11  days  before  publication  date.  No  Baby  Chick  advertising  ac¬ 
cepted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows:  Jan.  3.  17.  31  :  Feb.  14,  28;  Mar.  14,  28;  April  II, 

May  9,  23;  Juno  6,  20;  July  4,  18;  Aug.  I,  15,  29;  Sept.  12,  26;  Oct  10,  24;  Nov.  7.  21:  Dec.  5.  I* 


American  Agriculturist,  April  25,  1942 


17  (271) 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


MOST  YEARS  we  have  a  great  deal 
of  unused  pasture  here  in  the 
Northeast.  This  year  such  a  condition 
would  simply  mean  a  lack  of  realiza¬ 
tion  of  the  situation  we  are  in.  A 
food  shortage  is  going  to  be  our  next 
trial.  Any  animal  that  will  “come  on” 
on  grass  this  season  will  be  not  only  a 
profitable  investment  but  worthy  war 
work. 

Calves  are  probably  our  greatest  op¬ 
portunity.  More  heifer  calves  for  beef 
purposes  can  be  grassed  and  a  great 
many  more  bull  calves,  particularly 
from  the  larger  dairy  breeds,  can  be 
grassed  by  castrating  early.  Yearling 
ewes,  or  ewe  lambs,  are  cheap  this 
spring.  With  a  world  shortage  of  fats 
and  oil,  hogs  are  sure  to  continue  at 
high  prices,  although  probably  not  as 
high  as  right  now  because  hog  ex¬ 
pansion  has  been  greater  than  in  any 
other  class  of  livestock.  Horses  are 
actually  getting  short;  no  good  horse 
or  colt  need  be  sold  at  a  sacrifice. 
They  are  good  property  on  any  farm. 
This  does  not  mean  that  good  pasture 
should  be  wasted  on  old,  mature,  worn- 
out  or  low  producing  animals;  they  are 
worth  too  much  as  food,  and  most  any 
two  of  them  will  buy  one  really  good 
young  animal. 

*  *  * 

Every  livestock  man  realizes  that 
our  future  food  situation  will  require  a 
lot  of  grain.  Nothing  else  will  be 
cheap  after  this  Government  wheat  is 


20th  Annual  Maytime  Sale 

250™CATTLE 

MAV  6-7,  1942 

STARTING  AT  10  A.  M.  EACH  MORNING. 
SALE  AUDITORIUM. 

EARLVILLE,  MADISON  CO.,  N.Y. 
100  fresh  and  heavy  springers 
75  yearlings,  bred  and  unbred 
50  heifer  calves,  all  ages 
25  bulls  mostly  ready  for  service. 
All  consigned  from  T.B.  Accredited 
herds,  negative  to  blood  test.  Many 
will  go  anywhere.  25  negative  from 
vaccination. 

This  is  the  143rd  sale  in  the  famous  Earlville 
series  —  the  nation’s  orcatest  Holstein  market 
place  where  every  animal  is  sold  to  be  as 
represented.  Write  for  details  and  catalog. 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 

SALES  MANAGER. 

MEXICO,  NEW  YORK 


120  REGISTERED  H0LSTEINS 

AT  AUCTION  Dispersal  of  Oswego  River 

APRII  Oil  Stock  Farm  herd,  Phoenix, 
.EKIL  28  N  Y  10;00  A  M 

22  daughters  Winterthur  Bess  Ormsby,  41  by 
Lovell  Governor  Aaggie  Prilly.  Herd  Bang 
vaccinated.  For  catalog  write: 

R. AUSTIN  BACKUS,  Sales  Mgr.,  MEXICO,  N.  Y 


Brown  Swiss  Cattle  Auction 

BLACK  RIVER,  JEFFERSON  COUNTY,  N.  Y. 

SATURDAY,  MAY  9,  1942 
35  MILKING  COWS  —  A  DISPERSAL 
HERD  BULL  —  UNDEFEATED,  SELLS 

A  PROFITABLE  HIGH  PRODUCING  HERD. 

T.B.  ACCREDITED  AND  BLOOD  TESTED. 

D  Send  for  catalog,  plan  to  attend. 

ROBERT  D.  BURNUP.  Owner.  BLACK  RIVER,  N.Y..  or 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS,  mexTcoTn"’  y. 


SWINE 


Walter  Lux,  Tel.  0086,  Woburn,  Mass 

IcHFgiro  *  CHESTER  CROSS  OR  BERKSHIR 
(eerier  E?T^R  CROSS,  all  large  growthy  pigs  sold  ; 
old  tR  so  breed«s-  6  weeks  old,  $6.25  ea.  7-8  weel 
cheet-'50  ca  Wil!  sh>P  any  number  C.O.D.  or  sen 
Please  vn„m0Dfy  0ider'  If  in  any  way  they  do  n< 
e  i°u-  return  them  at  my  expense. 


GOATS 


JOCCRNBERG  and 

and  due  to  freshen. 


SANEEN  MILK  GOATS.  Fresh 
PONY  FARM.  HIMROD.  N.  Y. 


gone.  The  Northeast  can  raise  more 
grain,  particularly  corn  and  oats,  and 
I  believe  they  will  both  prove  to  be 
two  of  our  best  crops  before  next 
spring  comes  around. 

I  have  had  experience  in  growing 
soybeans  for  hay  and  there  is  nothing 
that  animals  like  better  or  will  do  any 
better  on  than  good  soybean  hay  that 
is  cut  when  the  first  few  bottom  leaves 
are  beginning  to  turn  yellow  or  the 
pods  are  about  two-thirds  mature.  The 
tonnage  is  also  satisfactory.  The  big 
difficulty  arises  in  their  curing  with 
our  weather  in  the  fall.  I  have  seen 
a  good  many  fields  lost,  although  rains 
do  not  seem  to  hurt  them  if  they  will 
eventually  cure. 

*  *  * 

The  popularity  of  boneless  meats 
gives  us  an  inkling  of  what  may  hap¬ 
pen  following  the  war.  The  army  is 
buying  most  of  its  meat  boned,  and  fat 
trimmed.  With  so  many  heavy  lambs 
marketed  this  winter,  almost  every  re¬ 
tailer  has  “boned”  legs  of  lamb  and 
sells  them  in  pieces.  These  little  two 
and  three  day  old  calves  are  mostly  all 
being  boned  and  sold  as  “rolled  veal.” 
Home  freezing  units  and  community 
lockers  are  making  the  people  con¬ 
scious  of  waste  space,  transportation 
costs,  etc.  All  this  indicates  that 
heavy  boned,  wasty  animals  will  be  out 
soon  after  this  war  is  over. 

Another  thing  is  coming  out  of  this 
war — increased  production  at  price  re¬ 
duction.  Every  industry  is  working 
out  plans  for  that  development;  taxes, 
control,  and  every  other  feature  of  our 
economic  trend  are  heading  in  that  di¬ 
rection.  Agriculture  cannot  escape 
this  trend  of  volume  at  low  cost.  It 
means  better  breeding  and  care  for 
quick  maturing  animals;  better  and 
greater  use  of  pastures;  better  and 
cheaper  marketing;  better,  cheaper 
production,  with  less  man  hours  of 
labor,  for  every  farm  operation. 
“More  for  less”  will  be  the  slogan.  Lay 
your  plans,  and  plan  your  lay-out  for 
it. 

— a.  a. — 

"Free  Farmers”  Rally  to 
Fight  «Iohn  L.  Lewis 

(Continued  from  Page  3) 
sonal  loss  of  his  buildings  or  other 
property  incurred  in  resisting  the  ruth¬ 
less  attempts  of  the  United  Mine 
Workers  in  their  organization  efforts. 

Free  Farmers  also  have  a  plan  to 
protect  farmers  from  personal  violence, 
and  to  help  them  deliver  their  milk 
without  interference.  Any  farmer, 
dairymen  or  non-dairyman,  may  join 
the  Free  Farmers  by  signing  a  simple 
pledge  which  reads  as  follows: 


“As  an  American  Farmer  I  believe 
farmers  are  the  strongest  bulwark  of 
American  democracy.  I  believe  in  the 
right  of  farmers  to  sell  their  products 
where  they  choose  and  to  buy  from  whom 
they  choose. 

“I  will  do  all  in  my  power  to  safe¬ 
guard  these  rights.  I  will  join  with  my 
neighbors  as  Free  Farmers  to  protect 
these  rights.  I  will  fight  to  the  end,  at¬ 
tempts  to  bring  American  farmers  and 
the  marketing  of  farm  products  under 
the  control  or  domination  of  United  Mine 
Workers  of  America. 

“I  will  always  go  to  the  aid  of  any 
farmer  who  signs  the  pledge  of  Free 
Farmers  whenever  he  is  threatened. 

“I  agree  to  immediately  report  to 
Free  Farmers,  Inc.,  Seneca  Building, 
Ithaca,  New  York,  any  threat  made 
against  me  as  a  signer  of  this  pledge. 


Signed 


Farmer. 


“In  acknowledgment  of  your  signing 
this  pledge,  Free  Farmers,  Inc.,  recog¬ 
nizes  that  we  are  fighting  a  common 
battle  for  the  preservation  of  our  liber¬ 
ties.  Should  you,  as  a  farmer,  sustain 
loss  or  damage  to  property  (other  than 
to  milk,  milk  cans,  and  pails)  until  writ¬ 
ten  notice  to  the  contrary,  Free  Farmers, 
Inc.,  as  a  contribution  by  it,  will  pay 
you  as  a  member  of  Free  Farmers,  Inc., 


such  sum  as  will  represent  the  amount 
of  such  loss  or  damage  in  excess  of  col¬ 
lectible  insurance  if  any,  but  not  ex¬ 
ceeding  $10,000  at  any  one  farm,  caused 
by  strike,  riot,  civil  commotion,  or  ma¬ 
licious  damage,  and  as  the  result  of  your 
carrying  out  the  principles  to  which  you 
have  subscribed. 

(Signed)  Free  Farmers,  Inc. 

By  . . 

Solicitor. 

Anyone  who  signs  this  pledge  may 
resign  at  any  time,  and  there  is  no 
financial  obligation.  Free  Farmers  will 
be  dissolved  as  soon  as  the  need  for 
it  is  over.  Do  not,  of  course,  sign  the 
pledge  printed  here.  It  will  be  pre¬ 
sented  to  you  in  person. 


recent  sales  because  there  are  yet  be¬ 
fore  dairymen,  four  weeks  of  $25  hay. 

There  were  12  Pennsylvania  buyers 
present  taking  42  animals  at  $6,680; 
Lauxmont  Farms,  Wrightsville,  eight 
head  at  $1,950;  Leon  LaTourette, 
Honesdale,  eight  head  at  $1,365;  H.  S. 
Halteman,  Telford,  six  head  at  $1,287; 
and  Clifford  Demoney,  Halstead,  five 
head  at  $730. 

S.  P.  White,  Andover,  Mass.,  paid 
$1,677  for  eight  nice  cows. 

B.  C.  Parsons,  Hanibal,  N.  Y.,  carried 
away  the  honor  of  being  the  largest 
buyer,  taking  16  head  at  $2,127. — John 
R.  Parsons. 


In  other  words,  this  organization 
stands  for  just  what  its  name  says — 
Free  Farmers — the  right  of  a  farmer 
to  conduct  his  business  without  inter¬ 
ference  in  his  own  way  as  he  always 
has. 

— a.  a. — 

RECENT  EARLVILLE 
SALE  RESULTS 

$22,158  was  paid  by  79  buyers  for 
143  purebred  Holsteins  offered  by  73 
consignors  at  the  R.  Austin  Backus 
managed  cooperative  sale  on  April  8th 
in  his  sale  pavilion  at  Earlville,  N.  Y. 
These  figures  broken  down  were  as 
follows:  87  cows  averaged  $187.00,  14 
bulls  averaged  $123.00,  13  bred  heifers 
averaged  $128.50,  29  unbred  heifers 
averaged  $87.00,  31  heifer  calves  aver¬ 
aged  $31. 

Of  the  87  cows  sold,  72  averaged 
$200.  Prices  were  off  a  little  from 


Dr.  Na  y  lor s 

MEDICATED 

i  Teat  Dilators 


y  Safe  and  Dependable  Treatment 
for  Spider  Teat,  Scab  Teat«,  Cut 
and  Bruised  Teats,  Obstructions. 

Dr.  Naylor  Dilators  furnish  soft,  com¬ 
fortable  protection  to  the  iniured 
lining  and  keep  teat  canal  open  in 
its  natural  shape  while  tissues  heal. 

They  have  a  deep,  yielding  sur¬ 
face  of  soft  absorbent  texture  which 
fits  either  large  or  small  teats  with¬ 
out  overstretching  or  tearing  and 
which  carries  the  medication  INTO 
teat  canal  to  seat  of  the  trouble. 

The  Only  Soft  Surface  Dilators 

Medicated — Packed  in 
Antiseptic  Ointment 

l  Large  Pkg . SI  .00 

LTrial  Pkg . 50 


H.  W.  Naylor  Co.,  Morris,  N.Y. 

Dr.  Naylor  Products  will  be  mailed  postpaid  if 
your  local  feed  or  drug  store  cannot  supply  you. 


Easy  to 
Insert — 
Stay  in 
the  Teat 


NORTHEAST  MARKETS  FOR  NORTHEAST  PRODUCERS 


POULTRY 


ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS,  REDS,  ROCK-RED  CROSS. 

WHITE  ROCKS  — "They  Satisfy.” 

Pullorum  free,  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  details. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER,  Box  C,  GALLUPVI LLE,  N.  Y. 


Are  You  Looking  For 
PROFITABLE  Producers? 

HANSON  LEGHORNS  AND  PARMENTER  REDS. 
HEAVY  PRODUCERS  OF  LARGE  EGGS.  FOR 
EXTRA  PROFITS  GET  SPRINGBROOK  BABY  PUL¬ 
LETS.  CATALOG  ON  REQUEST. 

SPRINGBROOK  POULTRY  FARM 

WEBSTER  A.  J.  KUNEY  &  SON, 

Box  “A”,  SENECA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 


BARRED  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS 

FROM  A  PEDIGREE  BREEDING  FARM 
A  bloodline  of  distinction  noted  for  low 
mortality,  high  production,  large 
meaty  bodies. 

ASK  FOR  OUR  LITERATURE  AND  PRICES. 

VICTOR  H.  KIRKUP 

Box  258,  MATTITUCK,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 


NEW  YORK  U.  S.  APPROVED 

NEW  HAMPSHIRES  &  LEGHORNS 

DESCRIPTIVE  CIRCULAR. 

The  Hiscock  Hatchery,  nevTyork. 
CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 


HUBER  POULTRY  FARM 

NAPLES,  NEW  YORK. 

New  Hampshire  Reds  (Christy  strain) 
ROCK-RED  CROSS  — S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 
ALL  BLOOD-TESTED  BREEDERS. 

Write  for  information. 


GUINEAS 


MONEY  IN  GUINEAS!  Start  Now. 

SEND  FOR  FREE  FOLDER. 

TOTEM  FARM,  MERIDALE,  N.  Y. 


PIGEONS 


White  King  Pigeons — Bargain. 

MUST  SELL  TO  MAKE  ROOM. 
WONDERFUL  STOCK. 

Gebhardt  Farm,  Muscatine,  Iowa. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
It  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 


EQUIPPED  92-ACRE  FARM 

Grand  opportunity  for  a  hustler!  32  acres  for  corn, 
potatoes,  brook  pasture,  wood:  handsome  6  rooms,  lovely 
views,  Finnish  bath.  30x40  cement-basement  barn,  poul¬ 
try  houses,  etc.,  $2500,  part  down.  3  cows,  hens,  hay 
and  some  firewood  thrown  in;  pg.  27  big  Free  catalog 
1384  bargains  many  states. 

Strout  Realty 

255-R  4th  Ave.,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


FARM  FOR  SALE  — 100  Acres, 

SEVEN  ROOM  HOUSE,  TWO  BARNS, 

75  acres  tillable,  15  acres  pasture,  10  acres  woodlot. 
3'/2  miles  from  Owego. 

Clysta  Barton,  R.D.,  Apalachin,  N.  Y. 


Double  Production  in 
All  Year  Growing  Climate 

LOW  LAND  COST,  WATER— H  EALTH  FUL  LIVING. 
AMAZING  FARM  OPPORTUNITY, 

Write  for  free  literature. 

Pinal  County  Research  Committee, 

Dept.  1,  Coolidge,  Arizona. 


USED  ESRM  EQUIPMENT 


For  Sale:  8  Case  “in-bottle”  Pasteurizer 

WITH  COOLER,  CONTROLS  AND  ALL  EQUIPMENT, 
COMPLETE,  INCLUDING  BOTTLES,  READY 
TO  GO  TO  WORK. 

D.  G.  ROSSMAN,  Worcester,  N.  Y. 


For  Sale — 16  Can  Milk  Cooler 

4l"xl  I4"x35"  high  (outside),  with  </2  H.P.  compressor 
and  control:  one  year  old,  good  condition.  Also  8  can 
milk  cooling  cabinet,  4l"xll4"x28"  high,  without  com¬ 
pressor.  Both  cabinets  4"  cork  lined. 

JOHN  MUEHL,  SCHENEVUS,  N.  Y. 


HELP  W  INTER 


MAN  WANTED— Single,  Middle-Aged, 

clean,  good  habits,  now  living  in  Central  New  York, 
for  work  on  general  farm.  Finger  Lakes  Section. 
Reasonable  wages,  good  home. 

BOX  514-1,  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 
ITHACA,  NEW  YORK 


PARMHANT) _ On  modern  N.  J.  dairy  farm. 

r Single.  Year-round  employment 
to  good  man  interested  in  herd  improvement,  and  crop 
development.  Draft  deferment  probable.  Best  food. 
Shower  and  toilet.  Every  second  Sunday  off.  $50.00  d ear 
month  and  up.  State  age,  height,  weight,  religion, 
education,  experience.  P.  0.  Box  1032,  Trenton,  N.  i. 


POSITION  WANTED 


Desire  position  as  Estate  Manager,  Farm  Manager  or 
Superintendent  of  Private  School.  New  England  born, 
Yankee,  ample  reference,  experienced  in  dairy,  field 
crops,  commercial  gardening,  hogs,  sheep,  beef,  horses, 
poultry  including  incubation,  brooding  and  turkeys. 

BOX  514-B,  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 

ITHACA,  NEW  YORK. 


(272)  18 


American  Agriculturist,  April  25,  1942 


Make  Mecd-aettina 


EASIER 


By  Mrs.  Grace  Watkins  Hnckett 


HOW  MUCH  TIME  do  you  spend 
on  getting  meals  ?  This  question 
takes  on  double  importance  today 
when  you  need  to  conserve  time  and 
energy  for  the  extra  duties  that  the 
war  has  brought  to  all  of  us.  So,  first 
check  up  on  your  kitchen  procedure  by 
studying  your  work  centers  to  see  if 
time  and  strength  can  be  saved  by  ar¬ 
ranging  utensils  and  supplies  nearer 
where  they  will  be  used;  and,  second, 
resolve  to  plan  more  simple  meals, 
without  omitting  any  of  the  vitally 
necessary  foods. 

It’s  a  good  idea  to  plan  a  week’s 
menus  at  a  time,  and  get  all  necessary 
supplies  for  these  menus  from  store, 
cellar,  storehouse,  etc.  If  refrigerator 
storage  is  sufficient,  plan  your  meals 
so  that  you  have  leftovers  —  white 
sauce,  cold  meat,  vegetables,  etc.  Make 
large  quantities  of  bread  and  cookie 
dough  and  cook  enough  for  one  or  two 
days’  supply.  Make  one  large  opera¬ 
tion  do  instead  of  several  scattered 
ones.  For  instance,  wash  vegetables 
for  two  days  instead  of  one,  and  store 
some  in  crisping  pan  or  wrap  in  wax 
paper  and  store  in  coldest  part  of  re¬ 
frigerator. 

Use  fruit  or  cheese  and  crackers 
often  for  dessert.  These  are  very 
healthful,  besides  saving  sugar. 

The  Main  Meal 

As  dinner,  the  main  meal  of  the  day, 
usually  calls  for  the  most  work,  let’s 
consider  that.  Its  general  menu  pat¬ 
tern  could  be  a  main  dish,  one  starchy 
vegetable,  at  least  one  green  vegetable, 
perhaps  in  salad  form,  a  simple  des¬ 
sert,  bread,  butter  and  a  beverage.  The 
main  dish  is  usually  meat  or  a  meat- 
flavored  dish,  although  there  are  ex¬ 
cellent  meat  substitutes  in  the  form  of 
eggs,  cheese,  peas,  beans  and  lentils. 
This  main  dish,  instead  of  becoming  a 
tiresome  commonplace  thing,  may 
easily  become  the  feature  of  the  meal. 
It  should  not  be  sloppy  nor  too  dry; 
also  it  needs  careful  attention  in  flavor¬ 
ing.  Browned  crumbs  on  top  give  the 
dish  both  eye  and  flavor  appeal.  And 


don’t  forget  how  much  a  sprinkle  of 
paprika  or  chopped  parsley  can  do  for 
an  otherwise  colorless  dish! 

Good  flavor  calls  for  clever  use  of 
the  inexpensive  flavoring  materials — - 
salt,  pepper,  salt  pork,  meat  drippings, 
onions,  garlic,  vinegar  and  sugar. 
Browned  cubes  of  salt  pork  or  crisp 
bits  of  broiled  bacon  mixed  through 
or  sprinkled  over  a  main  dish,  intro¬ 
duce  the  fat  and  the  salty  flavor  which 
most  humans  crave.  Use  these  crisp 
pieces  in  soups  or  chowders,  or  in 
mashed  sweetpotatoes  or  squash — beat 
them  in  and  put  the  vegetable  in  a 
baking  pan  to  brown  in  oven.  Use 
these  same  crisp  bits  of  salt  pork  or 
"cracklins”  from  rendering  lard  to 
make  “cracklin’’  or  “shortnin’  ”  bread. 

Hot  main  dishes  which  satisfy  and 
yet  do  not  cost  much  are:  baked  beans 
with  corn,  baked  brown  rice  with 
cheese,  baked  peas  and  bacon,  baked 
split  peas  with  pork,  baked  stuffed 
haddock,  bean  casserole,  bean  soup, 
beef  stew  with  dumplings,  cheese 
fondue,  cheese  pudding,  cheese  and  po¬ 
tato  scallop,  cheese  and  tomato  rare¬ 
bit,  cheese  toast  with  broiled  tomatoes, 
chipped  beef  on  toast,  clam  chowder, 
corn  chowder,  corn  and  cheese  souffle, 
corned  beef  hash  with  vegetables, 
creamed  codfish,  creamed  hard-cooked 
eggs,  creamed  oysters,  fish  chowder, 
Italian  spaghetti,  kidney  bean  stew, 
meat  pie,  Mexican  rice,  onion  and 
cheese  soup,  split  pea  soup,  stew  with 
vegetables  and  dumplings,  stuffed 
green  peppers  and  Welsh  rarebit  on 
toast. 

Cold  ones  are :  bacon  and  potato 
salad,  baked  bean  salad,  cabbage,  to¬ 
mato  and  cheese  salad,  jellied  fish 
salad,  jellied  vegetable  salad,  macaroni 
salad,  rabbit  salad  and  spaghetti  with 
salmon  salad. 

With  such  a  list  as  this,  there  should 
be  few  repetitions.  An  excellent  fea¬ 
ture  of  these  dishes,  besides  being  in¬ 
expensive,  is  that  many  of  them  can 
be  prepared  hours  ahead  of  time  and 
left  in  the  refrigerator  to  be  cooked 
just  before  being  used. 


SUGGESTED  MENUS 

Of  course,  planning  simpler  menus  does  not  mean  limiting  the  amount 
of  fruit  or  vegetables  or  of  any  other  vitally  necessary  food,  but  it  doe£ 
mean  planning  menus  that  are  balanced  and  can  be  prepared  quickly. 
Below  are  some  menus  of  this  type.  You  will  be  able  to  plan  lots  of  others : 


BREAKFAST 

Tomato  Juice 
Cornmeal  cooked  in  milk 
Soft  cooked  eggs 
Whole  Wheat  Toast 
Milk  —  Coffee 


Stewed  Prunes 
Scrapple  —  Maple  Syrup 
Coffee  —  Milk 


Baked  Apple 
Cracked  Wheat 
Scrambled  eggs  and  ham 
Toast  —  Milk  —  Coffee 


T. 

DINNER 

Meat  Loaf  with  Rice 
Buttered  Carrots 
Pickled  Beets 
Cottage  Pudding 
Lemon  Sauce 

II. 

Swiss  Steak 
brown  gravy 
Baked  Potato 
Escalloped  Onion  and 
Tomato 

Celery  or  raw  carrot 
strips 

Chocolate  Junket 

m. 

Vegetable  Plate 
Buttered  Carrots 
Buttered  Greens 
Baked  Potato  with 
Cheese 

Celery  opr  Sliced 
Cucumber 
Custard  Pie 


SUPPER  or  LUNCHEON 

Potato  Soup 
Baked  Cabbage  and 
Tomato  with  Cheese 
Canned  Fruit 
Peanut  Cookies 
Milk  or  Cocoa 


Cheese  Fondue 
Vegetable  S'alad 
Dried  Apricot  and 
Applesauce  Cookies 


Tomato  Juice 
Salmon  Savory 
Cabbage  and  Carrot 
Salad 

Baked  Rhubarb 
Quick  Spice  Cake 
Milk  —  Tea 


DRESS  No.  2512.  softly  flattering,  is  love¬ 
ly  for  pastels  or  bright  nosegay  colors. 
Sizes  12  to  42.  Size  36,  3%  yds.  39-in. 
JUMPER  FROCK  No.  2597,  alert,  young, 
with  its  bold  print  blouse  is  gay  and 
springlike.  Pattern  sizes  10  to  20.  Size 
16,  2%  yds.  39-in.  for  jumper  and  2 %  yds. 
39-in.  for  blouse. 

SHIRTMAKER  No.  2930,  good-looking, 
with  trim  lines,  allows  the  use  of  the 
new  giant  prints.  Is  equally  smart  for 
small  patterned  print  or  plain  colors. 
Sizes  14  to  46.  Size  36,  3%  yds.  39-in. 
fabric. 

SUIT-LOOKING  DRESS,  No.  2513,  could 
be  interpreted  in  rayon  shantung,  spun 
rayon  or  novelty  cotton.  Sizes  12  to  42. 
Size  36,  4 y2  yds.  39-in.  fabric. 

BASQUE  FROCK  No.  3372  is  lovely  in 
dainty  fabric  or  practical  in  sturdy  cot¬ 
ton.  Sizes  6  to  14.  Size  8,  1  %  yds.  39-in. 
fabric;  1%  yds.  ruffling. 

CHILD’S  FROCK  No.  2611  is  exquisite 
in  pastel  tint  or  flower-sprigged  fabric. 
Sizes  6  mo.,  1,  2,  3  and  4  years.  Size  2, 
iy2  yds.  35-in.  fabric  with  4  yds.  binding. 
Applique  included  in  pattern. 

INFANT’S  SET  No.  2808,  a  complete 
layette,  includes  dress,  slip,  kimona, 
nightgown,  coat  and  cap.  One  size.  Pat¬ 
tern  gives  fabric  requirements. 

YOUNG  CHARMER  No.  2551  becomes  a 
party  frock  if  made  in  a  sheer,  outlining 
front  panel  and  yoke  with  lace.  Sizes 
2  to  8.  Size  4,  2  yds.  35-in.  with  3  yds. 
ruffling. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address, 
pattern  size  and  number  clearly  and  en¬ 
close  15c  in  stamps.  Address  Pattern 
Dept.,  American  Agriculturist ,  10  North 
Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  Add  12c 
for  a  copy  of  our  new  spring  fashion 
catalog. 


American  Agriculturist,  April  25,  1942 


1 9  (273) 


MENDING  LESSON  No.  4  -  Darning  Tears 

B y  MILDRED  CARNEY,  Cornell  Clothing  Specialist. 


WHEN  DARNING,  be  careful  not 
to  stretch  the  edges.  It  may  be 
necessary  to  catch  the  edges  together 
with  a  slanting  stitch  to  prevent 
stretching.  Use  ravelled  threads  if 
possible.  If  the  threads  are  not  strong 
enough,  use  whole  or  split  silk  or  fine 
darning  wool  of  the  same  color. 

If  there  is  difficulty  in  threading  a 
soft  raveling,  twist  a  piece  of  fine  cot¬ 
ton  thread  No.  100  around  it.  This 
makes  it  easier  to  thread. 

In  mending  mixed  tweed,  twist  to¬ 
gether  several  colors  of  darning  thread 
or  embroidery  floss  to  make  a  yarn 
to  match  the  tweed.  Mend  with  this 
and  the  resulting  darn  will  not  show. 
No  knots  should  be  used  in  darning. 

Yarns  of  wiry  fabrics  slip  out  of 
place  more  easily  and  must  be  reinforc¬ 
ed  more  thoroughly  than  is  necessary 
in  woolens  and  more  firmly  woven  ma¬ 
terials. 

When  darning,  make  a  line  of  bast¬ 
ing  stitches  as  a  guide  so  you  will  be 
sure  to  darn  the  entire  area. 

STRAIGHT  TEARS 

If  the  edges  are  frayed,  a  piece  of 
fine  material  or  net  put  on  the  under 
side  will  reinforce  the  tear.  With 


4  FIG.  A 

ravelings,  or  fine  thread  darn  the  tear 
with  fine  running  stitches  following 
the  threads  of  the  material.  A  piece 
of  net  or  other  fine  material  will  help 
if  the  edges  are  frayed.  See  Fig.  A. 

THREE-CORNERED  TEAR 

A  common  garment  injury  that  is 
often  poorly  repaired  is  the  three- 
cornered  tear.  This  kind  of  tear  is 
usually  darned,  but  occasionally  the 
tear  is  so  wide  that  it  is  necessary  to 
cut  the  fabric  back  to  an  ell-shaped 


opening  and  use  a  tailor’s  or  set-in 
patch. 

To  dam  a  three-cornered  tear  (Fig. 
B.): 

1.  Lay  all  the  yams  or  threads  in 
position. 

2.  If  the  tear  is  such  that  it  needs  to 
be  reinforced,  place  a  piece  of  light¬ 
weight  material  or  a  piece  of  net  of  the 


“ You’re  knitting  with  my  fish¬ 
ing  line  again!” 


same  color  large  enough  to  extend  be¬ 
yond  the  tear  under  the  tear. 

3.  Baste  in  position  well  out  beyond 
the  area  to  be  darned. 

4.  Then  with  ravelings  or  silk  thread 
or  fine  darning  wool  of  the  same  color 
and  a  fine  needle  start  darning  well 
beyond  the  beginning  of  the  tear. 

5.  Darn  back  and  forth  across  the 
slit,  always  following  the  threads  of 
the  fabric.  Use  tiny  running  stitches. 
Darn  down  one  side,  going  well  be¬ 
yond  the  corner. 

6.  When  turning  to  make  another 
row  of  running  stitches  take  a  very 
short  stitch  to  bring  the  needle  to  the 
new  position.  This  stitch  will  be  on 
the  wrong  side. 

7.  Then  darn  the  crosswise  cut.  The 
stitches  at  the  corner  should  be  darn¬ 
ed  over  and  under  those  already  put  in 
lengthwise. 

DIAGONAL  TEARS 

Diagonal  tears  will  need  to  have  two 
sets  of  threads  darned  in  to  replace 


the  lengthwise  and  crosswise  threads 
which  have  been  cut.  As  in  the 
straight  and  three-cornered  tears,  the 
threads  of  the  material  should  be  fol¬ 
lowed  when  darning  this  kind  of  in¬ 
jury.  See  Fig.  C. 


Encourage  the  Shy  Prim¬ 
rose 


NOW  is  the  season  for  Polyanthus 
and  English  primroses  to  show 
off.  The  Polyanthus  types  are  tall 
growing  and  bear  their  flowers  in  a 
distinct  head,  while  the  English  prim¬ 
roses  are  shorter  stemmed  with  flow¬ 
ers  that  seem  to  come  out  among  the 
leaves.  Oftentimes  both  kinds  are  in 
a  packet  of  seed.  They  need  to  be 
planted  very  early  in  the  spring  or  else 
in  the  fall. 

One  way  to  get  more  primrose  plants 
is  to  allow  the  flowers  to  reseed  them¬ 
selves;  this  means  that  the  soil  around 
the  plant  should  not  be  disturbed  too 
much  after  the  blooming  season.  A 
quicker  way  of  getting  more  plants,  is 
to  divide  the  clumps  immediately  after 
the  flowering  period.  It  is  surprising 
how  many  small  plants  are  twisted  up 
together  in  one  clump;  it  really  takes 
patience  to  unwind  them  without  do¬ 
ing  damage.  Since  the  weather  is 
usually  warm  by  this  time,  the  divided 
plants  should  be  placed  in  a  partially 
shaded  spot. 

They  like  ample  moisture  through¬ 
out  the  summer,  but  there  should  be 
perfect  drainage.  Primroses  also  dis¬ 
like  too  much  sun,  so  if  you  have  a 
moist  spot  which  is  shaded  from  thp 
afternoon  sun  your  primroses  should 
be  happy.  They  come  in  such  lovely 
colors  that  they  are  a  real  addition  to 
the  spring  garden. 

The  first  planting  of  gladioli  could 
very  well  go  into  the  soil  about  May 
1st.  In  order  to  prolong  the  blooming 
period,  other  groups  of  bulbs  could  be 
planted  June  1st,  and  the  latter  part 
of  June.  If  you  have  several  varieties, 
say  15  to  20,  of  gladioli,  these  three 
plantings  would  give  bloom  through- 
( Continued  on  Page  21) 


/ 


I 


Baby-gentle?  Say  — Swan’s  as  mild  as  imparted  castilesl 


There’s  no  purer  soap! 

And  what  suds!  Oceans  of  mild-as-May 
suds,  quick  as  a  wink!  A  soap  that’s  happy 
as  can  be — even  in  hard  water.  A  soap  that’s 
swell  for  everything— so  baby-gentle,  such 
a  sudsin’  marvel. 


Swoosh!  Scads  of  rich 


baby-gentle  suds  FAST! 


Long-lasting  suds,  too! 

•  Yes — you  can  give  hard  water  the  “ha- 
ha”  now!  You  can  Swan  your  dishes  and 
be  good  to  your  hands!  No  need  for  strong, 
easy- to- waste  package  soaps... with  baby- 
gentle,  sudsy  Swan  in  the  house! 


Snap!  Half  for  kitchen  — half  for  bath!... 


Swan’s  thrifty  twins! 

•  One  baby-gentle  soap  for  everything! 
Swan  the  baby,  Swan  the  dishes,  Swan 
your  nice  things,  Swan  yourself!  Swan  up 
and  rave — ’cause  here — at  last — is  a  baby- 
gentle  floating  soap  that’s  a  sudsin’  marvel, 
even  in  hard  water! 

Two  convenient  sizes — Large  and  Regular 


Swan 

THE  BABY-OE/VUB  FIOAT//VS 
SOAP  Tf/ATS  A  SOOSW'WH/Z 
...EVEN  IN  HARD  WATEfK 


TUNE  IN:  GRACIE  ALLEN  •  GEORGE  BURNS  •  PAUL  WHITEMAM 
See  your  local  paper  for  time  and  station 
MADE  BY  LEVER  BROTHERS  COMPANY,  CAMBRIDGE,  MAM. 


' — -‘A 


(274  )  20 


American  Agriculturist,  April  25,  1942 


Sometimes  — 

Farming  is  Fun 

fey  (losneyti  feesisuy 


FARMING  ought  to  be  fun  this  year. 

This  year,  for  the  first  time  in 
many  years,  all  you’ve  got  to  do  is  till 
the  soil  and  plant  and  cultivate  and 
gather  in  the  crop.  From  that  point  on 
— it  now  appears — the  thing  will  more 
or  less  take  care  of  itself. 

It’s  no  fun  to  paint  a  picture  nobody 
looks  at,  to  write  a  piece  nobody  reads, 
to  play  a  tune  nobody  listens  to.  And 
the  least  fun  of  all  is  to  break  your 
heart  and  break  your  back  raising  good 
food  nobody  wants. 

Take  these  years  we’ve  just  been 
through!  It  hurt  to  close  six  months 
of  toil  with  the  realization  that  we 
weren’t  any  better  off  at  the  end — a 
little  worse  perhaps  —  than  we  were 
when  we  started.  We  hadn’t  made 
enough  from  our  crops  to  pay  for  what 
we’d  had  to  get  to  make  them  with. 
That  made  for  fear  and  doubt  and 
sometimes  actual  want.  But  people  who 
possess  the  gift  of  taking  themselves 
apart  and  looking  at  their  own  insides 
and  seeing  them  as  they  really  are 
knew  that  where  farmers  were  hurt 
the  worst  was  in  their  pride.  We’d 
painted  a  picture  that  nobody  wanted 
to  look  at  after  we’d  put  our  hearts 
and  souls  into  it— let  alone  buy  it  at 
a  price  that  would  pay  for  paint,  frame 
and  canvas. 

People  didn’t  need  farmers  anymore 
- — not  so  many  of  them,  anyway — and 
perhaps  we’d  better  get  a  job  working 
on  the  road  because  folks  in  town  could 
get  all  the  milk,  meat,  potatoes  and 
vegetables  they  wanted  cheaper  and 
easier  out  of  cans  and  ships  and  box¬ 
cars. 

But  that’s  all  changed  now.  Farmers 
are  important  again.  Perhaps  you’ve 
noticed.  Even  bankers  come  out  in  the 
country  now  and  say: 

“Boys,  your  native  land  needs  you. 
You’re  the  hope  of  America.  Go  to  it. 
We’re  all  behind  you.  You  stick  to 
your  plowing  and  planting  and  reaping, 
and  leave  the  rest  to  us.  Any  time  you 
need  a  new  tractor  or  a  loan  or  some¬ 
thing,  don’t  stop  work.  Just  send  us 
word  and  we’ll  bring  it  to  you.” 

A  little  while  back,  it  was  only  con¬ 
gressmen  and  candidates  for  Congress 
who  talked  like  that,  and  they  did  it 
only  in  October  every  other  year.  Up 
our  road,  visiting  bankers  had  become 
just  as  extinct  as  the  beavers  and  the 
panthers. 

The  change  is  an  agreeable  one  and 
puts  much  of  the  old  fun  back  into 
farming.  Once  again  the  farmer  feels 
himself  a  needed,  wanted  and  impor¬ 
tant  member  of  society.  He’ll  work  his 
head  off  for  a  kind  word  and  a  little 
encouragement  —  just  like  a,- fat  girl. 
He’s  enough  of  an  artist  (though  he’d 
fight  you  for  suggesting  it)  to  find  his 
chief  recompense  in  public  recognition, 
in  his  own  satisfaction  in  the  work  of 
his  hands.  The  money  reward  can  be 
incidental,  provided  only  that  it’s  sure, 
prompt  and  ample. 

You  don’t  know,  and  I  don’t  know, 
just  what  this  year  may  bring  forth 
on  the  farm.  But  we’re  reasonably  as¬ 
sured  that  whatever  we  succeed  in 
raising  will  find  a  ready  market,  ap¬ 
preciative  consumers,  and  a  price  suffi¬ 
cient  to  pay  the  costs  and  maybe  have 
a  little  left  over.  That’s  nothing  to  get 
unduly  excited  about,  but  it’s  comfor¬ 
table  and  so  much  better  than  anything 
else  that’s  happened  within  the  mem¬ 
ories  of  most  of  us  as  to  make  farming 
fun  again. 

As  far  as  I  can  see,  we  haven’t  a 
thing  to  worry  about  this  year — except, 
of  course,  weather,  bugs,  help  and 
transportation.  And  I  have  a  feeling 
that  the  help  and  transportation  prob¬ 
lems  will  work  themselves  out.  Enough 


agricultural  experts  sit  on  our  garden 
fence  each  year  and  tell  us  how  to  do 
it,  to  plant  and  gamer  a  dozen  crops. 
Once  they  get  sufficiently  scared  to 
death  about  the  continuation  of  their 
own  meals,  they’ll  get  down  and  help. 
That  would  take  a  great  load  off  our 
fence. 

Nor  do  we  concern  ourselves  too 
much  about  transportation.  What  if 
we  can’t  operate  the  truck?  We  have 
faith  to  believe  that  any  banker  who 
will  come  out  in  the  country  and  offer 
to  lend  us  money  will  come  out  on  his 
own  tires  to  get  his  own  butter,  eggs 
and  potatoes. 

That  seems  to  narrow  the  menaces 
down  to  the  weather  and  the  bugs, 
without  which  there’d  be  no  pleasur¬ 
able  excitement,  no  spirit  of  adventure 
in  the  farming  business.  Who’d  want 
to  farm  in  some  of  these  South  Sea 
islands  where  all  you  have  to  do  is  lie 
in  a  hammock  all  morning  and  watch 
things  grow,  and  then  stroll  out  around 
11:30  and  knock  your  dinner  out  of  a 
tree  with  a  stick?  Haying  would  be 
nothing  but  dull,  hard  work  if  you 


were  certain  that  it  would  never  rain 
while  you  had  grass  down.  The  ex¬ 
citement  comes  from  racing  with  the 
thunder  in  the  hills,  the  lightning  stabs 
coming  nearer  and  nearer  down  the 
valley;  the  satisfaction  from  beating 
the  weather  by  a  split  second  when 
you  thunder  onto  the  bam  floor  with 
the  last  load  just  as  the  deluge  breaks 
upon  the  roof. 

No,  sir!  Some  years,  farming  is  fun 
—  almost  fun,  anyway  —  even  in  the 
grim,  uncertain  climate  of  the  North 
Country.  And  this  looks  like  one  of 
those  years.  This  year  we  can  plow 
and  plant,  cultivate,  spray,  and  pick 
in  the  serene  assurance  that  our  work 
contributes  to  a  mighty  cause;  that 
our  fellow  countrymen  stand  ready  to 
applaud  our  honest  effort  —  to  pur¬ 
chase  gratefully  the  products  of  our 
soil  and  sweat.  That  changes  the  whole 
picture,  doesn’t  it?  The  farmer  has  be¬ 
come  important  again  and  may  con¬ 
template  with  pride  the  appreciation 
that  his  services  receive. 

To  me,  the  meanest,  orneriest,  back- 
breakingest  labor  of  the  year  is  weed¬ 
ing  onions  on  one’s  hands  and  sore 
knees.  Old  friends,  moreover,  stop  and 
laugh  at  one  while  so  engaged.  But  I 
can  imagine  that  even  weeding  onions 
might  prove  a  not  unpleasant  occupa¬ 
tion  any  time  our  road  was  clogged 
with  anxious  customers,  eager  to  buy 
our  onions  and  pleading  with  us  to  sell 
them. 


Horse  and  Buggy  Days 

( Continued  from  Page  5) 


In  this  community,  according  to  Har¬ 
old,  there  was  a  red-headed  wag,  who 
on  occasion  could  look  completely  fool¬ 
ish.  And  when  he  looked  that  way, 
it  was  just  the  time  when  you  wanted 
to  watch  out.  One  morning  he  was 
leading,  or  trying  to  lead,  an  obstinate 
pig  across  a  muddy  highway.  A  bunch 
of  hilarious  summer  boarders  went  by 
in  a  democrat  wagon.  One  of  them, 
seeing  the  redhead,  yelled: 

“One  of  your  family?” 

The  redhead  turned,  put  on  his 
empty  look,  and  shouted  back: 

“No  —  summer  boarder!” 

There  are  several  stories  of  an  old- 
time  undertaker  in  this  town  who 
made  just  about  every  mistake  that  an 
undertaker  could  make,  chiefly  because 
he  was  badly  afflicted  with  absent- 
mindedness.  “One  time,”  said  Harold, 
“this  undertaker  was  preparing  a  body 


and  buggies  only  to  find  that  he  had 
forgotten  the  corpse! 

In  the  same  town  was  a  boy  who 
delivered  the  weekly  newspaper.  His 
dad  was  well  known  for  two  outstand¬ 
ing  characteristics:  first,  he  had  a  long 
black  beard  reaching  almost  to  his 
waist;  and  second,  he  was  about  the 
most  close-fisted  man  in  the  whole 
neighborhood.  When  for  some  reason 
the  boy  was  unable  to  deliver  the 
papers,  rather  than  lose  the  few  cents 
involved,  the  Dad  would  take  the 
papers  and  make  the  route.  One  late 
summer  afternoon,  shortly  after  the 
undertaker  had  made  his  bad  mistake 
related  above,  the  man  with  the  black 
beard  might  have  been  seen  going 
down  the  street,  throwing  the  papers 
on  to  the  porches  as  he  passed.  On 
the  porch  of  the  hotel  sat  an  Irishman, 
a  summer  boarder.  After  the  strange- 


for  burial.  After  the  hard  work  had'  looking  newsboy  had  gone  by,  the 


been  done  and  it  was  time  to  go  home 
he  looked  around  for  his  coat  and 
found  he  had  slit  the  back  of  his  own 
coat  and  put  it  on  the  corpse.  Making 
the  best  of  a  bad  situation,  he  put  on 
the  coat  which  had  belonged  to  the 
corpse  and  went  on  home. 

This  undertaker’s  worst  blunder, 
however  —  and  these  are  all  true 
stories,  mind  you— was  the  time  when 
he  and  all  the  mourners  arrived  at  the 
eemetery  after  a  long  drive  with  horses 


Irishman  turned  to  the  hotel  keeper  in 
great  excitement  and  said : 

“John,  give  me  my  bill  and  let  me 
get  out  of  here.  This  is  the  craziest 
place  I’ve  ever  seen  in  my  born  days. 
Undertakers  who  forget  corpses,  and 
newsboys  with  beards  lown  to  their 
waist.  I’m  getting  out  before  I  go 
completely  nutty  myself.” 

But  it  wasn’t  all  fun.  That’s  one 
happy  trick  of  memory.  We  remem¬ 
ber  only  the  pleasant  things.  In  the 


“It’s  MY  move!  You  moved  on  th ’  day  war  wuz  declared!” 


The  Amateur  Poet’s 
Corner 


Because  of  the  number  of  contributions 
we  do  not  return  poems  not  published. 
Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

The  limit  in  length  is  sixteen  (16)  lines 
and  each  poem  submitted  for  this  corner 
must  be  original  and  the  work  of  an 
amateur  poet.  Therefore,  when  sending 
in  a  poem,  be  sure  to  state  whether  you 
are  the  author  of  it.  $2.00  will  be  paid 
for  each  one  printed.  Check  will  be  mail¬ 
ed  on  or  about  the  first  day  of  month 
following  publication. 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist,  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

When  Spring  is  Really  Here 

When  one  small  breeze  alone  dares 
rough  the  air, 

When  sun  lies  warm  and  quiet  on 
waking  land, 

What  sound  can  break  the  calm  with 
strident  boasts 

As  quickly  as  the  one  of  neighbor  driv¬ 
ing  posts? 

What  sound  makes  spring  more  sud¬ 
denly  come  close, 

Makes  peace  and  home  such  well  lov¬ 
ed  things  to  hold? 

What  other  sound  could  ring  on  all 
our  coasts 

With  such  familiar  air  as  driven  posts? 

So  many  farms  throughout  our  wide¬ 
spread  land; 

No  other  work  comes  quite  so  close 
to  God. 

Triumphant  measured  beat  of  maul  on 
wood 

Rings  forth  the  farmer’s  anthem  — 
“God  is  good!” 

— Mrs.  Leigh  Waterman, 

Forestville,  N.  Y. 


generation  preceding  mine,  there  was 
the  tragedy  of  the  Civil  War,  a  war 
which  touched  nearly  every  home  in 
the  land.  The  fife  and  drum  corps- 
played,  the  flags  waved,  and  most  ol 
the  young  fellows  marched  away,  some 
of  them  never  to  return.  One  whe 
went  was  the  oldest  boy  in  the  family  1 
told  about  at  the  beginning  of  this 
chapter.  After  he  had  been  gone  a  year 
or  so,  his  father  and  mother  received  a 
telegram  from  the  War  Department 
informing  them  that  their  son  had  died 
of  smallpox  in  an  Army  hospital,  and 
telling  them  that  it  was  impossible  to 
ship  the  body  home.  So  funeral  ser¬ 
vices  were  held  for  him  in  the  little 
neighborhood  church,  and  the  heart¬ 
broken  family  picked  up  their  accus¬ 
tomed  ways,  and  went  on.  For  Life 
must  always  go  on,  as  many  of  us  are 
learning  in  these  bad  days  now. 
Months  passed,  and  then  there  came  a 
bright  morning  in  June,  with  the  birds 
singing  and  the  flowers  blooming  as 
they  ,do  only  in  that  glorious  month. 
The  mother,  busy  in  her  farm  kitchen, 
heard  a  step  on  the  stoop.  Turning  to 
the  open  door  she  found  her  lost  son 
standing  there.  It  seems  that  he  had 
been  so  terribly  sick  that  the  doctors 
had  given  him  up  for  dead,  and  prob¬ 
ably  so  reported  to  the  military  au¬ 
thorities.  Anyway,  he  fooled  them 
all,  including  the  Old  Man  with  the 
Scythe. 

The  boy  was  home  only  for  a  short 
time.  When  his  furlough  was  up,  he 
returned  to  take  his  place  in  the  battle 
line.  Only  a  mother  with  sons  now  in 
the  line  can  know  how  that  mother 
felt  when  she  had  to  say  goodbye  to 
her  boy  again. 

But  that  story  had  a  happy  ending, 
for  when  the  war  was  over  the  boy 
came  back  to  his  family  in  the  old 
neighborhood,  finally  married,  and  rais¬ 
ed  a  family  of  his  own.  Partner,  that 
boy  was  my  wife’s  uncle,  and  many 
long  years  later  I  had  the  privilege  of 
hearing  personally  many  stories  of  war 
adventures  from  this  boy  who  had 
died  and  come  back  to  life  again. 

(To  be  continued ) 


American  Agriculturist,  April  25,  1942 


21  (275) 


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ffBACT/fA/O- 


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ft: 


,  you  drink  enough  milk? 

,  other  beverage  gives  yo 

’much  for  so  little!  De.ic.ous 

Uistaction  for  your  thirst  “id 

.vitamins  and  minerals  V °u 
l0dy  needs  for  vibrant  health 
,nd  well-being.  Next 
;hirst  calls— drink  milk.  . 

The  State  of  New  York  Sa,s: 

jyR/M KAiUUC! 

DAILY  weal 

PLANNERS  An 

amazing  combt- 

—  -  nation-calen- 

pping  list  -d-u-cfn^ySuggesS- 

ial  diet,  °dd-  gj  Recipes'.  For 

rs^—  ”i,h  s“' 

”da4TMai.  Publicity. 

lureau  of  Mus  t 

Albany>  N .  *  • 

lEAt  SEAL  OF  THE  STATE 
W  YORK 


AUNT  JANET’S 
tyaoanite  Pecdfie 

FOR  THAT  convenient  main 
dish  which  seems  to  fit  so 
easily  into  luncheon  or  supper 
plans,  Salmon  Savory  offers 
many  possibilities. 

Salmon  Savory 

2  cups  cooked  celery  I  cup  canned  peas 
I  cup  cooked  onions  l'/2  cups  dry  bread 
l'/2  cups  medium  white  crumbs 

sauce  '/2  teaspoon  salt 

2  cups  salmon  !4  teaspoon  paprika 

2  tbsps.  butter  2  hard  cooked  eggs 

(sliced) 

Use  left  over  vegetables,  or 
partially  cook  the  celery  and 
onions  while  preparing  the  white 
sauce.  Combine  the  salmon, 
sliced  eggs,  white  sauce,  season¬ 
ings,  and  vegetables,  then  pour 
into  a  buttered  baking  dish  over 
about  half  the  bread  crumbs. 
Add  the  rest  of  the  bread  crumbs 
and  dot  the  butter  over  the  top. 
Bake  in  very  hot  oven  10  to  15 
min. 


PeteattcU  Ptiablemi 

Are  Town  Boys  Better? 

Dear  Lucile :  I’m  happy  to  write  say¬ 
ing  that  I’m  getting  along  much  better 
in  school  and  making  friends  after  fol¬ 
lowing  your  advice  and  just  being  friend¬ 
ly.  It  is  true  that  if  you’re  just  natural 
and  contribute  what  you  have  that  others 
don’t  have,  people  will  like  you. 

,Now  .  .  .  here’s  a  situation  that  I’d 
like  some  advice  on.  When  I  started  to 
high  school,  I  had  had  a  few  dates  with 
Charles,  a  boy  on  the  farm  next  to  ours, 
just  my  own  age  and  starting  school,  too, 
this  year.  We  belong  to  the  same  4-H 
Club  and  have  always  paired  off  on  pic¬ 
nics,  at  the  fair,  etc.  I  like  him  very 
much. 

But  .  .  .  I’ve  met  Carl.  He  has  always 
lived  in  town  and  is  entirely  different 
from  Charles.  Plays  on  the  football  and 
basketball  team,  which  Charles  couldn’t 
go  out  for  because  he  has  to  get  horpe 
to  help  with  chores.  Takes  me  out  for 
cokes  after  school;  carries  my  books  be¬ 
tween  classes ;  knows  all  the  latest  tunes 
and  dances  well ;  is  a  snappy  dresser, 
and  has  invited  me  to  Friday  night 
movies.  So  far,  I  haven’t  gone  with  him, 
because  .  .  .  well,  I  guess  in  a  way  I  am 
Charles’  girl,  but  I’d  like  to  date  Carl. 
He’s  just  smoother  than  Charles,  if  you 
know  what  I  mean. 

What  do  you  think  I  should  do? — Linda. 

I’m  glad  to  know  that  you’re  enjoy¬ 
ing  high  school,  Linda,  and  that  you 
are  making  friends. 

Now,  let’s  think  about  this  Charles 
vs.  Carl  mix-up. 

Don’t  start  out  in  life  with  the  old 
idea  that  all  city  boys  are  smoothies, 
whereas  all  country  boys  are  more  or 
less  bumpkins.  That  isn’t  true.  Carl 
has  probably  never  done  business  with 
the  production  end  of  a  cow,  but  that 
puts  him  at  a  disadvantage  with 
Charles  in  my  estimation.  He  prob¬ 
ably  thinks  so,  himself,  if  he’s  honest. 
On  the  other  hand,  he  may  have  work¬ 
ed  in  the  corner  drugstore  and  can 
make  up  the  fanciest  ice  cream  soda 
you  ever  saw.  Charles  would  envy  him 
this  ability.  What  I’m  trying  to  say 
is:  Judge  everybody  you  meet  on  his  or 
her  individual  abilities.  You’ll  usually 
find  they  stac'k  up  pretty  equally  with 
each  other. 

There  are  “smart  aleck’’  types  of 
town  boys  and  girls  who  feel  superior 
to  farm  young  people,  -but  they’re  fast 
disappearing.  So  many  farm  boys  and 
girls  go  to  high  school  and  make  rec¬ 
ords  that  stack  up  so  well,  there  just 
isn’t  any  possibility  of  anybody  feeling 
superior.  Farm  boys  like  Charles  often 
have  cars  to  drive;  their  farm  homes 
are  as  modern  as  any  city  home  and 
there  is  behind  them  a  solid  back¬ 
ground  of  material  wealth  in  land  and 


buildings  and  live  stock  .  .  .  and  the 
ability  to  work  with  their  hands  and 
head.  That’s  a  fine  start  in  life  for 
anybody. 

So,  though  Carl’s  manners  are 
smooth,  don’t  let  any  artificial  halo 
around  the  head  of  a,  “city  boy”  blind 
you  to  the  fine  and  rugged  qualities  in 
Charles.  At  your  age,  you  probably 
don’t  waift  to  tie  yourself  up  with  one 
boy  and  you  may  want  to  have  a  date 
with  Carl,  so  you  can  compare  the  two 
for  yourself,  fairly  and  honestly.  But 
I’d  go  slowly  about  letting  Charles 
down  and  hurting  his  1  feelings  and 
pride. 

If  time  goes  on  and  you  definitely 
find  yourself  losing  interest  in  him,  as 
your  circle  of  acquaintance  widens  and 
you  move  out  a  little  farther  into  the 
world  of  affairs,  the  bonds  between 
you  will  just  naturally  disappear.  But 
let’s  not  think  it  will  ever  be  because 
Charles  lives  in  the  country  and  isn’t 
as  good  as  anybody  else. 

*  *  * 

Take  a  Vacation 

Dear  Lucile :  I  am  a  woman  45  years 
old  and  my  husband  is  38,  with  four  chil¬ 
dren,  18,  16,  15  and  13.  He  owns  a  small 
dairy  farm  and  we  are  married  19  years. 
With  my  own  money  I  helped  him  pay 
most  of  his  debts,  buy  furniture  and  a 
car,  and  I  worked  very  hard  taking  care 
of  his  farm  while  he  was  working  out. 
When  my  health  got  bad  and  I  was  no 
longer  able  to  slave,  my  troubles  began. 
He  is  a  heavy  drinker.  I  can  never  satis¬ 
fy  him,  doesn’t  matter  how  hard  I  try. 
He  is  always  nagging. 

I  have  no  strength  to  work  hard  any¬ 
more.  Once  I  asked  him  if  I  could  take 
sort  of  a  vacation  rest.  He  told  me  not  to 
come  back  if  I  did,  and  I  just  can’t  leave 
my  two  youngest  children  behind.  Would 
you  advise  me  to  take  a  rest  in  spite  of 
what  he  says?  Or  die? — Mother. 

You  ask  shall  you  take  a  rest  from 
your  hard  work,  regardless  of  whether 
or  not  your  husband  wants  you  to,  or 
shall  you  die?  The  answer  to  that  is 
obvious — take  a  rest,  of  course.  Noth¬ 
ing  or  nobody  is  worth  your  killing 
yourself  for. 

Your  illness  is  probably  due  to  your 
unhappy  mental  condition.  You’ll  have 
to  make  up  your  mind  you’re  not  go¬ 
ing  to  let  it  “get  you  down.”  You  have 
your  nice  family  of  children  who  are 
on  your  side  and  that  ought  to  mean  a 
lot  to  you  —  enough  to  make  you  brace 
up  and  make  a  happy  home  for  them 
in  spite  of  a  husband  handicap.  t 

— a.  a. — 

Today  in  Aunt  Janet’s 
Garden 

( Continued  from  Page  19) 
out  the  major  part  of  the  season. 

A  planting  depth  of  3  in.  to  4  in.  is 
necessary  in  order  to  keep  plants  from 
being  blown  over.  Deeper  planting  is 
even  better,  but  the  corms  will  bloom 
later  of  course.  Whether  the  soil  is 
light  or  heavy  also  makes  a  difference 
in  blooming  date  and  in  the  way  they 
stand  up  against  the  wind. 

Dahlias  may  be  put  into  the  soil  as 
soon  as  danger  of  frost  has  passed. 
This  insures  a  good  root  system  but  it 
means  that  the  growth  will  need  to 
be  pruned  back  rather  severely  during 
the  latter  part  of  July.  Otherwise  the 
plant  is  mostly  leaves  and  not  flowers. 

If  you  have  not  already  applied 
plant  food  to  your  perennial  border, 
it  should  not  be  deferred  any  longer. 
A  5-10-5  or  other  1-2-1  fertilizers— the 
complete  fertilizer  in  other  words — is 
recommended.  Be  sure  to  read  the 
label  and  see  what  is  the  analysis  of 
the  fertilizer  in  any  bag. 

The  old  practice  of  applying  fertiliz¬ 
er  by  the  tablespoonful  close  to  the 
plant,  fertilized  only  a  few  roots;  hence 
the  advantage  of  raking  it  in  or  water¬ 
ing  it  in  all  around  the  plant. 


BUY  WAR  BONDS 


WOW- 

$  OUNCES  tOO 

tZ  ounces  15 f 

24  ounces  25k 


•  New  Davis  Cook 
Book  makes  baking 
sure  and  simple  with 
21  Master  Pattern 
Baking  Formulas. 
80  pages  beautifully 
illustrated.  Yours 
for  10c  and  a  label 
from  a  can  of  Davis; 
Baking  Powder. 


mil 


DAVIS 

COOK  BOOK 

R.B.  Davis  Co.,  Hoboken,  N.J. 

I  enclose  10c  and  label  from 
a  can  of  Da  vis  Baking  Powder 
for  my  copy  of  Davis  Master 
Pattern  Baking  Formulas. 


State 


HEED  THIS 
ADVICE! 

If  this  “middle-age” 
period  in  a  woman’s 
life  (38  to  52)  makes  you  nervous, 
blue  at  times,  suffer  dizziness,  hot 
flashes,  distress  of  “irregularities” 
—try  Lydia  E.  Pinkham’s  Vegetable 
Compound— famous  for  helping  re¬ 
lieve  such  distress  due  to  this  func¬ 
tional  disturbance.  Taken  regularly, 
it  helps  build  up  resistance  against 
symptoms  due  to  this  cause. 

Thousands  upon  thousands  of 
women  have  reported  remarkable 
benefits  from  the  use  of  Pinkham’s 
Vegetable  Compound.  Worth  trying l 
Follow  label  directions. 


TIME  WELL  SPENT 

Time  taken  to  read  the  ad¬ 
vertisements  in  AMERICAN 
AGRICULTURIST  is  time 
well  spent — for  there  is  no 
better  way  to  keep  well  in 
formed  on  new  things  on  the 
market,  what  to  buy  at  what 
price  and  where  to  go  to  get 
what  you  want.  When  you 
answer  an  “ad,”  be  sure  to 
mention  the  name  of 

American 

Agriculturist 


(276)  22 


American  Agriculturist,  April  25,  1942 


Kernels,  Screenings 
and  Chaff 


By  H.  E.  BABCOCK 


I  AM  NOW  temporarily  at  the 
end  of  two  months  of  travelling, 
which  has  pretty  thoroughly 
covered  the  United  States,  ex¬ 
cept  for  tfte  Florida  area  and  the 
far  Northwest. 

War  Effort  Speeding  Up 

The  most  noticeable  development 
during  these  two  months  has  been 
the  very  evident  speeding  up  of  oi3r 
war  effort.  This  speed-up  has  been 
increasingly  evident  each  week  and 
noticeable  wherever  I  have  been. 

In  no  section  of  the  country 
have  I  heard  anyone  object  to  ivhat 
was  taking  place.  It  may  be  that  I 
did  not  get  into  the  right  circles , 
but  from  what  I  have  seen ,  this 
country  is  unanimous  in  its  war 
effort. 

Bubbcr  Shortage  Felt 

Next  to  the  impact  of  selective 
service,  which  has  reached  each  and 
every  community,  the  fact  that  no 
more  rubber  tires  are  available  has 
done  more  to  make  people  realize 
everywhere  that  we  are  in  a  war, 
and  up  to  date  losing  a  war ,  than 
anything  else  which  has  happened. 

At  first  a  large  percentage  of  the 
people  with  whom  I  talked  express¬ 
ed  themselves  as  feeling  that  by 
some  hook  or  crook,  tires  would  be 
made  available  to  them  by  the  time 
they  needed  them.  In  the  last  two 
or  three  weeks  these  optimists  have 
changed  their  ideas.  More  and 
more  thoughtful  citizens  are  figur¬ 
ing  that  if  thef  get  any  rubber  for 
their  own  use  by  1944,  they  will  be 
lucky. 

From  everything  I  can  find  out , 
we  are  even  a  bit  op  timistic  in 
hoping  for  new  rubber  in  less  than 
two  years — two  and  one-half  or 
three  years  would  seem  to  be  a 
safer  bet  for  the  average  citizen. 
What  most  of  us  do  not  realize  is  the 
enormous  military  demand  for  rub¬ 
ber  and  the  enormous  amount  of  it 
which  is  constantly  being  shipped 
out  of  the  country,  as  part  of  the  im¬ 
plements  of  war  furnished  our  allies. 

Parents  Speaking  Out 

Of  all  the  developments  in  public 
sentiment  which  I  have  observed  in 
my  travels,  I  have  been  most  im¬ 
pressed  by  the  comparatively  recent 
rise  in  influence  on  the  conduct  of 
the  war  of  the  parents  and  relatives 
of  the  boys  in  the  service. 

I  am  very  sure  that  much  of  the 
anti-labor  sentiment  which  has 
swept  the  country  had  its  origin  in 
the  worries  of  mothers  and  fathers 
over  whether  or  not  their  boys  at 
the  front  were  going  to  be  adequate¬ 
ly  supported  with  the  implements 
of  war.  I  believe  that  it  was  this 
same  crowd  which  reacted  so  vio¬ 
lently  against  Mrs.  Roosevelt’s  em¬ 
ployment  of  a  dancer  in  Civilian 
Defense.  The  same  group — that  is, 
the  parents  and  relatives  of  the  boys 
in  service — are  the  ones  who  are  the 


most  bitter  and  vocal  against  the 
war  profits  of  some  of  our  big  in¬ 
dustrial  organizations  and  the  re¬ 
puted  lack  of.  patriotism  of  these 
organizations. 

A  Hopeful  Situation 

The  fact  that  the  parents  and 
relatives  of  the  boys  in  the  service 
are  beginning  to  make  their  in¬ 
fluence  felt  is  a  most  hopeful  sign. 
They  alone,  of  all  the  groups  in  the 
country,  have  the  most  at  stake. 
They  are  not  primarily  interested 
in  social  reforms,  in  building  the 
power  of  labor  unions,  in  forty-hour 
weeks,  in  profits,  or  in  the  control 
of  patents. 

They  have  just  one  vital  concern 
at  heart.  Will  their  boys  come 
back  alive ? 

They  want  to  get  the  whole  nasty 
business  of  war  over  as  quickly 
as  possible.  They  are  ready  to 
turn ,  with  fury ,  on  any  group  — 
social,  political  or  economic, 
which  retards  the  war  effort. 

EXPEBT  OPIXIOX 

In  the  last  issue  of  this  page,  I  men¬ 
tioned  the  fact  that  I  was  thinking  of 
trying  to  make  some  silage  out  of 
ladino  clover  and  alfalfa  this  summer 
by  mixing  grain  of  some  kind  with  it. 
I  stated  that  I  was  considering  using 
some  of  the  surplus  commodity  wheat 
which  I  have  on  hand,  either  whole  or 
ground,  or  some  other  cheaper  starchy 
feed — also  that  I  would  not  pass  up  us¬ 
ing  a  good  grade  of  ground  screenings, 
if  I  could  get  them  cheaply  enough. 

I  then  promised  to  ask  expert  opin¬ 
ion  on  what  I  was  planning,  and  re¬ 
port  it  to  you.  Some  of  the  experts 
have  passed  judgment  on  the  idea 
and  to  the  limit  of  space  available  I 
am  reporting  their  opinions. 

NEW  JERSEY’S  BENDER 

Acknowledged  an  expert  on  silage, 
even  by  the  experts  themselves,  C.  B. 
Bender,  professor  of  dairy  husbandry 
at  the  New;  Jersey  Agricultural  Ex¬ 
periment  Station,  says: 

“Com,  wheat,  oats  or  barley  may  be 
used  as  a  preservative  for  legumes  and 
grasses.  The  addition  of  250-300  pounds 
per  ton  of  green  material  will  give 
excellent  preservation.  The  grains 
should  be  ground  or  crushed  and  ap¬ 
plied  by  hopper  feeding  at  the  throat 
of  the  chopper  for  best  incorporation 
with  the  legumes  or  grasses. 

“The  addition  of  the  ground  grains 
will  have  several  advantages.  They  will 
reduce  the  moisture  content  of  the  sil¬ 
age  which  should  prevent  seepage,  and 
secondly,  the  nutrient  content  of  the 
silage  will  be  increased.  An  added  ad¬ 
vantage  is  that  very  little  of  the  nu¬ 
trient  value  of  the  grains  will  be  lost 
so  that  the  actual  preservation  cost 
will  be  low. 

“We  are  going  to  fill  one  of  our  silos 
this  year  using  a  combination  of  1600 
pounds  of  green  alfalfa  with  400 
pounds  of  com  and  cob  meal.  This 
should  give  us  excellent  preservation 
and  at  the  same  time  according  to  cal¬ 
culations  should  give  us  a  silage  hav¬ 
ing  over  5  per  cent  protein  and  better 
than  25  per  cent  total  digestible  nu¬ 
trients.  Heavy  feeding  of  this  silage  and 
good  hay  should  reduce  supplemental 


grain  feeding  to  the  vanishing  point. 

“In  using  grains  as  a  preservative, 
care  must  be  taken  to  tramp  the  sil¬ 
age  thoroughly  because  the  moisture 
content  of  the  material  will  be  lower¬ 
ed.  'After  the  silo  is  refilled,  care  should 
be  taken  to  seal  it  off  to  prevent  ex¬ 
cessive  spoilage.  Have  the  silage  high 
in  the  middle  and  tramp  it  daily  for 
two  hours  at  a  time  for  a  period  of 
4  to  5  days.  If  sufficient  water  pres¬ 
sure  is  available,  the  silage  may  then 
be  wet  down  for  a  period  of  three  hours 
and  the  job  will  be  finished. 

“Another  type  of  seal  may  be  used 
after  the  top  is  thoroughly  tramped. 
Cover  it  with  tar  paper  and  then  ele¬ 
vate  wet  sawdust  through  the  blower 
until  the  paper  is  covered  to  a  depth 
of  six  or  eight  inches.” 

GRINDING  FAVORED 

Two  experts  —  Frank  Hamlin  of  the 
Papec  Machinery  Company,  Shorts- 
ville,  New  York,  and  F.  A.  McLellan, 
veteran  miller  with  the  G.L.F.— both 
vote  in  favor  of  grinding  wheat,  if  it 
is  used  to  make  silage. 

Mr.  Hamlin  says: 

“I  vote  for  grinding  your  wheat  be¬ 


fore  using  it  as  a  preservative  for  leg¬ 
ume  silage.  Probably  not  as  essential 
as  in  the  case  of  corn  but  still  well 
worth  the  cost.” 

Mr.  McLellan  draws  on  his  experi¬ 
ence  with  Cereals  and  writes: 

“Having  had  experience  in  treating, 
that  is,  cooking  whole  wheat  in  prep¬ 
aration  for  flaking  it  to  make  toasted 
wheat  cereals,  I  have  found  that  wheat 
will  not  break  down  in  cooking.  It  will 
swell,  or  expand,  but  it  will  shrink 
back  to  about  its  original  size  as  it 
dries  out. 

“Your  experience  with  whole  kernels 
of  corn  in  the  silo  may  give  another 
answer.  That  is,  whether  the  fermenta¬ 
tion  that  takes  place  in  the  silo  will  act 
on  whole  kernels  and  break  them  down; 
kernels  that  otherwise  would  not  be 
digestible  and  would  be  lost. 

“The  protective  bran  cover  of  wheat 
seems  to  expand,  then  to  shrink  back. 
Just  try  cooking  some  wheat  in  even 
boiling  water  and  notice  how  long  it 
takes  to  make  it  swell  up. 

“So,  my  advice  would  be  for  you  to 
coarse  grind  the  wheat.  You  will  not 
lose  any  of  it  in  this  way,  and  it  should 
act  well  in  fermenting  in  the  silo.” 


DOWN  MEXICO  WAY 


By  H.  E.  Babcock,  Jr. 


FOR  THE  first  time  in  this  new 
growing  season  we  will  work  on  a 
Sunday.  The  reason  is  to  conserve  as 
much  as  possible  of  the  moisture  which 
we  received  in^the  form  of  six  inches 
of  wet  heavy  snow  April  8.  This  is  the 
first  moisture  of  consequence  that  we 
Ijave  received  since  the  big  rains  of 
last  fall. 

Prior  to  the  snow,  we  were  moving 
ahead  as  fast  as  possible  with  our 
watering,  but  due  to  the  necessity  of' 
scheduling  irrigation  and  cotton  plant¬ 
ing  we  would  have  had  to  leave  the 
planting  of  one  field  of  Wheatland 
maize  until  after  cotton  planting  or  un¬ 
til  after  May  first.  The  snow  removed 
the  necessity  of  watering  this  one  field 
and  will  let  us  plant  it  right  away. 

By  pushing  along  for  the  next  seven 
days  we  will  have  130  acres  of  wheat- 
land  maize,  and  18  acres  of  strawber¬ 
ry  corn  planted.  This  will  put  us  on 
schedule  to  start  cotton  planting  April 
20.  April  20  is  a  compromise  we  have 
as  a  starting  date  for  planting  cotton 
between  the  early  planters  who  start 
about  April  15,  and  the  late  planters 
who  start  about  the  25th. 

LIVESTOCK 

Acting  on  experiences  in  past  years 
when  livestock  was  either  neglected  or 
took  up  too  much  of  our  time  during 
the  planting  season,  I  have  this  year 
cut  down  livestock  work  to  a  minimum. 
With  a  shortage  of  haywire  apparent, 
we  fenced  off  a  part  of  one  alfalfa  field 
and  have  turned  all  of  our  hog  herd 
not  ready  for  immediate  fattening  in¬ 
to  this  pasture.  Sows,  babies,  weaners, 
and  stockers  are  in  this  herd.  All  ex¬ 
cept  the  sows  have  access  to  a  creep 
self-feeder  filled  with  whole  maize  and 
whole  oats.  They  are  all  doing  excep¬ 
tionally  well  under  this  type  of  care.  * 

SHEEP 

Several  weeks  ago  we  shipped  a 
mixed  car  of  fat  ewes,  feeder  lambs, 
and  genuine  spring  lambs  to  market. 
The  return  on  the  spring  lambs  was 
gratifying.  The  seventy-one  pound 
average,  five  month  old  spring  lambs 
brought  $12.50  per  cwt  and  after  pay¬ 
ing  all  charges  netted  us  over  eight 
dollars  apiece. 

The  ewes  had  been  shorn  only  a  lit¬ 
tle  over  three  weeks  when  we  shipped 
them.  Their  pelts  as  a  result  graded 
low  which  caused  them,  averaging  126 
pounds,  to  sell  at  $4.75  per  cwt.  Pay¬ 
ing  all  charges  they  netted  $4.76 
apiece. 

These  ewes  were  bought  for  four 
dollars  and  sheared  ten  pounds  of  wool 
apiece  before  they  were  sold.  They 


have  received  no  feed  other  than  for  a 
day  or  two  when  weather  conditions 
made  it  desirable  to  take  them  off  the 
alfalfa  and  stubble  pasture  which  they 
used  this  winter. 

The  majority  of  the  flock  of  ewes 
bought  last  year  are  still  on  alfalfa 
pasture  with  nearly  a  100%  lamb  crop. 
They  will  sell  in  the  *next  two  weeks 
at  from  six  to  eight  dollars  a  pair. 
They  are  on  alfalfa  pasture  up  to  their 
knees  which  is  making  them  produce 
enough  milk  to  make  their  lambs  grow 
like  mushrooms. 

As  was  the  case  last  year,  we  have 
had  no  trouble  with  the  ewes  bloating 
on  alfalfa  even  on  days  such  g,s  we 
have  had  lately  when  the  temperature 
got  up  to  over  ninety  during  the  day. 
We  have  therefore  developed  a  theory 
that  if  sheep  are  well  fed  and  in  good 
condition  they  can  remain  on  alfalfa 
pasture  indefinitely.  Animals  which, 
due  to  one  cause  or  another,  need  to 
overeat  in  order  to  bring  their  bodies 
back  to  good  shape  will  bloat. 

HORSES 

One  of  the  biggest  disappointments 
we  have  known  on  the  farm  was  the 
loss  at  birth  of  one  of  twin  mule  colts. 
The  living  colt  is  the  third  bom  this 
year.  Several  more  mares  are  now 
playing  a  game  with  us  to  see  whether 
they  have  to  help  with  planting  or  are 
to  be  allowed  to  remain  in  the  ma¬ 
ternity  pasture. 

COTTON 

There  is  little  we  can  do  in  the  face 
of  rains-  such  as  we  experienced  last 
year  to  protect  the  quality  of  our  cot¬ 
ton.  Last  year’s  cotton  was,  in  the 
terms  of  the  trade,  “junky”.  It  has  not 
sold  well.  It  probably  will  not.  The 
majority  of  the  cotton  upon  which  the 
government  has  made  loans  for  the 
past  few  years  has  been  the  cull  cotton 
which  cotton  buyers  did  not  want.  This 
cotton  is  in  competition  with  the  poor 
cotton  which  we  have  been  unable  to 
sell  this  year.  Unfortunately  our  cot¬ 
ton,  as  a  whole,  grades  too  low  to  be 
taken  into  the  government  loan. 

In  the  past  two  weeks  I  have  been 
trying  a  little  harder  than  usual  to 
move  this  cotton  and  from  talks  with 
buyers  and  brokers  in  the  face  of  the 
above  it  gives  me  a  new  slant  on  the 
cotton  picture.  The  vast  reserve  of  cot¬ 
ton  which  even  now  equals  a  year’s 
crop  is  not  as  significant  a  factor  as  it 
might  be  since  it  apparently  represents 
the  poor  ends  of  the  crops  of  several 
years  past.  It  therefore  should  not 
materially  affect  the  demand  or  price 
for  good  cotton. 


American  Agriculturist,  April  25,  1942 


23  (277) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 


SCHOOL  MEETING  TIME 

The  first  Tuesday  in  May  is  the  time 
set  for  annual  meetings  of  common 
school  districts,  and  unless  the  meet¬ 
ing  and  place  have  been  fixed  by  vote 
at  a  previous  meeting,  it  is  held  at  the 
school  house  at  7:30  in  the  evening. 

The  law  requires  that  the  District 
Clerk  post  five  notices  in  five  con¬ 
spicuous  places  at  least  five  days  be¬ 
fore  the  meeting.  One  notice  must  be 
posted  on  the  front  door  of  the  school- 
house. 

Who  May  Vote 

In  recent  years,  many  questions  have 
come  up  relative  to  eligibility  of  vot¬ 
ers.  Here  are  the  requirements: 

A  voter  must  be  a  United  States 
citizen,  21  years  old,  and  a  resident  of 
the  district  for  at  least  thirty  days 
prior  to  the  meeting. 

In  addition,  each  voter  must  have 
ONE  of  the  following  qualifications: 

1.  Owns,  leases,  hires,  or  is  in  the 
possession  under  a  contract  of  pur¬ 
chase  of,  real  property  in  such  district 
liable  to  taxation  for  school  purposes; 
but  the  occupation  of  real  property  by 
a  person  as  lodger  or  boarder  shall 
not  entitle  such  person  to  vote.  (Un¬ 
der  the  first  clause  persons  who  hold 
a  joint  deed  or  joint  lease  may  each 
vote.) 

2.  Is  the  parent  of  a  child  or  chil¬ 
dren  of  school  age,  provided  such  child 
or  children  shall  have  attended  the 
district  school  in  the  district  in  which 
the  meeting  is  held  for  a  period  of  at 
least  eight  weeks  during  the  year  pre¬ 
ceding  such  school  meeting.  /Under 
this  provision  both  father  and  mother 
may  vote.) 

3.  Not  being  the  parent,  has  per¬ 
manently  residing  with  him  or  her  a 
child  or  children  of  school  age  who  shall 
have  attended  the  district  school  for 
a  period  of  at  least  eight  weeks  dur¬ 
ing  the  year  preceding  such  meeting. 
(Under  this  provision  but  one  person 
may  vote,  namely,  the  head  of  the 
household.) 

4.  Owns  any  personal  property  as¬ 
sessed  on  the  last  preceding  assess¬ 
ment  role  of  the  town  exceeding  $50 
in  value,  exclusive  of  such  as  is  ex¬ 
empt  from  execution. 

Qualified  voters  may  vote  on  any 
question  brought  before  any  annual  or 
special  school  meeting;  it  is  not  es- 


Farm  Service  Bulletins 
For  You 

IN  ORDER  to  make  available 
to  readers  more  information 
which  will  help  increase  profits, 
the  editors  of  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  have  prepared  several 
mimeographed  bulletins  on  time¬ 
ly  subjects.  These  are  available 
to  any  reader  without  cost  other 
than  3c  each  to  cover  mailing 
and  shipping  costs.  Bulletins  now 
available  are: 

□  No.  101— -HOW  TO  RAISE  BABY 
CH I CKS 

□  No.  102— PULLORUM  DISEASE  OF 
CHICKS. 

□  No.  103— HOW  TO  CONTROL 
MASTITIS. 

□  No.  104— HOW  TO  BUY  A  HERD 
SIRE. 

□  No.  105— HOW  TO  CONTROL 
WEEDS. 

□  No.  106— HOW  TO  COOL  AND 
PACK  EGGS. 

□  No.  107— HOW  TO  GROW  SOY 
BEANS. 

□  No.  108— HOW  T  O  MAINTAIN 
HUMUS  IN  THE  SOIL. 

Check  the  ones  you  want,  in¬ 
clude  mailing  cost,  and  return 
the  coupon  to  American  Agricul - 
turist.  Box  367-S,  Ithaca,  New 
York. 

From  time  to  time  we  plan  to 
make  additions  to  the  list  avail¬ 
able. 


sential  that  a  person  be  a  taxpayer  to 
vote  on  propositions  for  raising  money 
by  tax  on  the  district. 

Women  possessing  such  required 
qualifications  are  entitled  to  vote. 

The  chairman  of  a  meeting  has  the 
right  to  vote  on  any  proposition,  in¬ 
cluding  the  election  of  officers,  but  he 
must  vote  before  the  polls  are  clos¬ 
ed,  and  he  cannot  vote  to  break  a  tie 
after  the  result  has  been  announced. 

Challenging  Voters 

Any  voter  has  the  right  to  challenge 
the  vote  of  anyone  who  he  believes  is 
not  qualified.  The  one  challenged  is 
asked  to  make  the  following  declara¬ 
tion: 

“I  do  declare  and  affirm  that  I  am, 
and  have  been  for  thirty  days  last  past, 
an  actual  resident  of  this  school  dis¬ 
trict,  and  I  am  qualified  to  vote  at  this 
meeting.” 

If  he  makes  this  declaration,  his 
vote  must  be  accepted.  If  he  refuses 
to  make  it,  he  cannot  vote.  Anyone 
who  makes  a  false  declaration  is  guilty 
of  a  misdemeanor  and  is  liable  to  a  fine 
of  $10  to  be  sued  for  if  necessary  by 
the  Town  Supervisor. 

There  is  no  provision  in  the  law  al¬ 
lowing  a  Trustee  to  be  paid.  Those 
attending  the  school  meeting  cannot 
legally  vote  any  compensation  to  him. 

—  a.  a. — 

NO  ANSWER 

“I  ordered  some  dresses  from  Gail 
Foster,  Inc.,  of  New  York  City.  I  was 
not  satisfied,  and  I  returned  them  but  I 
never  received  a  refund.” 

We  made  inquiry  at  the  National 
Better  Business  Bureau.  They  tell  us 
that  this  company  answered  com¬ 
plaints  up  until  last  December,  but 
recently,  a  representative  of  the  New 
York  City  Better  Business  Bureau  call¬ 
ed  at  their  office,  and  found  that  the 
telephone  had  been  disconnected,  and 
the  name  taken  from  the  building  di¬ 
rectory.  There  was  no  one  on  the 
premises  that  they  could  contact. 
However,  there  are  indications  that 
checks  recently  sent  to  this  concern 
were  cashed. 


—  a. a. — 

SELLING  TIMBER 

Timber  is  a  crop  that  is  harvested 
about  once  in  a  lifetime.  Therefore, 
the  owner  of  a  farm  woodlot  has  but 
little  to*  guide  him  when  it  comes  to 
selling.  Many  timber  buyers  are  hon¬ 
est  and  square.  Others  need  watching. 
The  New  York  State  College  of  For¬ 
estry  at  Syracuse  University  have 
helped  a  great  many  people  in  the 
sale  of  timber.  A  similar  service  is 
given  by  the  Forestry  Department  of 
the  New  York  State  College  of  Agri¬ 
culture  at  Ithaca.  Often  a  private 
forester  recommended  by  Syracuse  or 
Cornell  will  save  you  a  lot  of  money. 

If  you  need  information,  write  to 
Raymond  J.  Hoyle,  New  York  State 
College  of  Forestry,  Syracuse,  New 
York;  or  to  J.  A.  Cope  or  J.  D.  Pond, 
Forestry  Department,  College  of  Agri¬ 
culture,  Ithaca,  New  York.  If  you 
prefer,  write  to  the  Service  Bureau, 
P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  New  York,  and 
we  will  forward  your  questions. 

—  a.  a.  — 

We  are  anxious  to  get  in  touch  with 
John  Lummika.  His  last  address  we 
know  of  was  Ithaca,  New  York,  or 
Newfield,  New  York.  We  understand 
that  he  is  now  working  in  a  shipyard 
in  New  Jersey.  If  any  reader  knows 
his  present  address,  we  would  very 
much  appreciate  having  it.  Address 
the  Service  Bureau,  American  Agricul¬ 
turist,  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


£ . . 


North  AMERicAidfekBE»«r  Insurance  Co. 

Oldest  and  Carpest  Exclusive  Cdeakh  and  Occident  Company  in  America  j 

I  ■  — - nniniiiimiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiininiimnuiiTfr - 


N. A. Assoclvtes  Department 
Hiiiniimiinmimiiiumiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiii1 
Poughkeepsie.  N.Y. 


Keep  tyoMA  Policy  Peetccued 


“VIC”  JORDAN,  agent,  North  American 
Accident  Insurance  Company,  at  Me¬ 
chanic  Falls,  Maine,  delivers  a  North 
American  check  for  $92.86  to  Wilfred  E. 
Doyan.  Mr.  Doyan  was  seriously  injured 
in  an  automobile  accident  while  on  a  trip 
to  Canada. 


Both  are  happy  -  -  happy  to  give 
--  happy  to  receive .  It  pays  to 
have  the  protection  of  our  low 
cost ,  dependable  travel  acci¬ 
dent  insurance  policy. 


For  weeks  now,  we  have  known  that  the  heroic  defenders  of  Bataan  were  doomed  to  defeat. 
We  have  known  that  an  unprepared  nation  could  not  go  to  their  rescue.  But  their  loss  shocks  us 
just  the  same. 


f  Bataan! 


It  is  a  national  disaster  with  a  moral  —  the  age-old,  melancholy  lesson  of  unpreparedness. 


We  farmers,  especially,  should  take  it  to  heart.  It  is  close  to  our  own  experience.  In  our  fight 
for  a  living  price  for  milk,  we  too  have  suffered  costly  defeats  because  we  were  unprepared* 
We  too  have  learned  the  wisdom  of  "in  time  of  peace,  prepare  for  war." 


Our  Cooperatives  Are  Our  Defense 

As  farmers,  our  best  preparedness  lies  in  our  cooperatives.  Our  greatest  strength  lies  in 
united  effort.  Our  solidest  security  lies  in  being  ready  for  guick  and  effective  action  at  any  time . 


We  know  that  the  only  strength  that  can  save  us  is  the  strength  we  have  at  our  weakest 
moment.  For  that  is  the  moment  when  our  enemies  will  attack.  We  know,  too,  that  the  only  pre¬ 
paredness  that  is  worth  a  nickel,  is  the  preparedness  that  is  ready  for  a  surprise  attack.  Nothing 
else  is  preparedness. 


.  Betteve 
end  upon  «'• 
o„d  Ifcot 

„  wiU  *in 


We  know  that  we  can't 
we'll  win  the  war."  For  that 


afford  to  excuse  defeat  by  saying,  "We'll  lose  the  first  battles,  but 
brings  no  dead  men  back.  As  farmers,  if  we  ever  lose  control  of  our 
industry  ...  if  we  ever  lose  the  right  to  set  a  price  on  milk 
and  the  fruits  of  our  own  labor  . .  .  we  are  lost  as  completely 
as  dead  men  are  lost.  For  other  generations  may  win  back 
the  rights  that  we  once  held,  but  we  won't  enjoy  them 
ever  again. 

So  let's  make  sure  that  we  are  too  strong  to  lose  them. 
Let's  prove  that  we  believe  in  A  LIVING  PRICE  FOR  MILK 
by  being  ready  to  defend  it  against  all  our  enemies. 


Published  by  THE  THOUSANDS  OF  FARMERS  WHO  OWN,  OPERATE  AND  CONTROL  THE  DAIRYMEN'S  LEAGUE 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


OUR  FAMILY  ACRES 


B y  JARED  VAN  WAGENEN,  Jr. 


"Jie  who  by  the  plow-  would  tli/Uo&r 
Jiitttiellj  mud!  eitlie/i  hold  04  dsUoe. rr 


HAVE  MADE  a  resolution — a  wise  one 
I  believe — to  run  for  the  “duration.” 
It  is  this:  Anything  I  write  for  the 
American  Agriculturist  from  now  on 
will  aim  to  stick  pretty  closely  to  farm 
affairs  and  be  concerned  with  the  problems 
of  making  a  living  on  a  dairy  farm  in  east- 
central  New  York. 

My  great-grandfather  assembled  this  farm 
out  of  three  parcels  very  soon  after  the  initial 
purchase  in  1800.  Its  boundaries  remained 
practically  unchanged  for  considerably  more 
than  a  century.  Then  about  twenty-five 
years  ago,  two  small  properties  that  were  al¬ 
most  surrounded  by  our  land  came  on  the 
market  and  we  added  them,  each  being 
about  eight  acres  in  extent.  The  original 
holdings,  according  to  the  old  deeds,  were 
213  acres.  In  1905  we  had  it  accurately  sur¬ 
veyed  for  the  purpose  of  making  a  farm  map, 
and  the  result  was  224  acres.  Without  ques¬ 
tion,  this  last  survey  is  approximately  cor¬ 
rect  and  it  seems  evident  that  the  early  sur¬ 
veyor  who  dragged  a  chain  around  it  gave 
the  buyer  the  benefit  when  in  doubt.  I  un¬ 
derstand  that  in  this  locality  most  old  time 
acreage  when  resurveyed  will  over-run. 

This  acreage  of  224,  together  with  the  more 
recent  acquisition  of  the  two  eight-acre  par¬ 
cels,  gives  us  the  240  acres  which  we  operate. 
It  may  be  classified  thus:  There  are  about 
150  acres  which  fall  distinctly  into  the  class 
of  tillable  crop  land.  Most  of  this  is  strongly 
rolling,  and  I  must  confess  that  some  of  it 
must  be  called  distinctly  hilly.  However, 
what  we  regard  as  “steep”  or  “hilly”  depends 
most  altogether  on  where  we  were  brought 
up.  A  knoll  which  in  parts  of  Erie  or  Jeffer¬ 
son  counties  or  on  the  coastal  plain  of  New 
Jersey  would  be  regarded  as  a  steep,  perhaps 
an  almost  dangerous,  hillside,  would  by  a 
farmer  in  the  Catskills  be  regarded  as  just  a 
“little  rise  of  ground.” 

We  have  one  hill  here  classed  as  crop  land 
which  is  steep  enough  to  scare  a  Corn  Belt 
farmer  if  he  were  sent  against  it  with  team 
and  wagon,  and  yet  it  will  grow  splendid 
alfalfa  and  forty  bushels  of  wheat  per  acre. 
Land  such  as  this  is  a  long  remove  from 
marginal,  and  yet  common  sense  decrees  that 
it  should  be  plowed  just  as  infrequently  as 
possible. 

There  then  remain  ninety  acres  not  to  be 


regarded  as  crop  land,  and  these  may  be  di¬ 
vided  into  forty-five  acres  of  permanent  pas¬ 
ture  and  an  equal  amount  of  woodland.  The 
pasture  is  in  the  region  we  call  “over  the 
crick.”  It  is  mainly  one  big  hillside  running 
half  way  up  the  high,  forest- crowned  hill 
which  in  every  day  farm  speech  is  always  re¬ 
ferred  to  as  “The  Mountain.”  It  is  pretty 
good  soil  and  not  too  stony,  but  much  of  it 
is  altogether  too  steep  for  habitual  cultiva¬ 
tion.  Of  course  it  can  be  plowed,  and  all  of 
it  has  been  broken  up  more  than  once  within 
my  memory  but  I  have  made  a  vow  that 
never  again  while  I  am  alive  will  the  plow  be 
put  into  that  hillside — a  decision  in  which 
my  son  fully  concurs. 

That  leaves  about  forty-five  acres  of  wood¬ 
land,  some  of  it  creek  bank*  and  gully  and 
open  grove,  but  according  to  the  map  there 
still  remains  thirty-five  acres  of  pretty  good 


“A  knoll,  which  in  parts  of  Erie  County,  N.  Y.,  or 
on  the  coastal  plain  of  New  Jersey  would  be  regard¬ 
ed  as  a  steep,  perhaps  an  almost  dangerous,  hillside, 
wTould,  by  a  farmer  in  the  Catskills,  be  regarded  as 
a  ‘little  rise  of  ground.’  ” 


forest.  This  is  dense  with  much  underbrush 
because  cattle  have  never  been  allowed  to 
run  in  it,  and  thrifty  becaue  it  occupies  good 
land.  In  my  boyhood  I  used  to  feel  that  our 
farm  forest  reserves  were  wholly  inexhaus¬ 
tible,  but  during  the  fifty  or  more  years  that 
I  remember  them,  the  cutting  of  fuel  for  three 
or  four  farm  families  and  of  lumber  for  farm 
use  has  thinned  this  woodland  a  great  deal. 
I  have  the  feeling  that  at  the  present  rate  of 
consumption  two  or  three  generations  more 
will  see  us  pretty  near  the  end  of  a  once  very 
abundant  supply. 

Sometimes  I  look  over  (Turn  to  Page  21) 


IN  THrc  iec|ip  FRUIT  FROM  BLOSSOMS,  Page  3;  WHO  SHALL  IT  BE  — YOU  OR  JOHN  L.  LEWIS?,  Page  6;  SAVE 
m  I  mo  IQJUC  THAT  MOTOR,  Page  8;  CO-OPS  REQUEST  REINSTATEMENT  OF  DIVERSION  PAYMENTS  ON 

SURPLUS  MILK,  Page  10;  HOW  DO  YOU  FEED  YOUR  HENS?,  Page  13;  HAVE  A  SEWING  CENTER,  Page  18. 


MAY 


9 


r 


19  4  2 


The  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative 
is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


Army  Needs  Nitrogen  —  Fertilizer  Plants  Get  No  More 

Less  Nitrogen  in  Mixed  Fertilizers  Is  One  Result 


On  Friday,  April  24,  the  War  Production 
Board  ordered  producers  to  discontinue 
deliveries  of  synthetic  nitrogen  to  fertilizer 
manufacturers. 

Nearly  all  nitrogen  used  in  mixed  ferti¬ 
lizers  is  synthetic.  Other  nitrogen  sources, 
like  nitrate  of  soda  and  sulphate  of  am¬ 
monia,  are  practically  unobtainable. 

Army  Needs  Nitrogen 

Food  is  the  second  great  essential  in  winning 
the  war.  Armament  is  the  first.  The  need  of  our 
armed  forces  for  nitrogen  to  make  explosives  is  so 
great  that  agriculture  must  get  along  on  short 
rations. 

Some  G.L.F.  patrons  already  have  their  fertil¬ 
izer.  There  is  some  on  hand  at  Service  Agencies 
and  some  on  the  way.  G.L.F.  fertilizer  plants 
have  limited  amounts  of  nitrogen  materials  still 
to  be  made  into  mixed  fertilizers. 

Making  It  Do 

The  total  supply  of  nitrogen  for  farmers  this 
year  is  less  than  last  year.  Exactly  how  much  less, 
nobody  can  say.  To  make  this  limited  supply  go 
as  far  as  possible  in  producing  crops  is  a  challenge 
to  every  farmer  and  to  his  cooperative. 

G.L.Fds  Job.  Immediately  after  the  govern¬ 
ment  order  was  received,  G.L.F.  fertilizer  plants 


were  instructed  to  stop  making  all  fertilizers  con¬ 
taining  more  than  3%  nitrogen.  For  the  remainder 
of  this  season,  only  the  following  analyses  will 
be  made: 

3-10-10  2-8-10  2-8-12  0-20-10 

3-12-6  2-12-6  0-20-20  0-15-15 

From  stocks  already  on  hand,  G.L.F.  Service 
Agencies  will  be  supplied  with  enough  fertilizer  to 
take  care  of  patrons  who  placed  early  orders  for 
other  analyses. 

Your  Part.  If  you  are  a  dairyman,  your  G.L.F. 
employees  respectfully  ask  you  not  to  use  any 
fertilizer  containing  nitrogen.  A  well-manured  ro¬ 
tation  can  get  along  with  superphosphate  alone, 
or  with  a  phosphorus-potash  mixture.  Heavy 
liming  of  meadows  and  pastures  this  year  will  en¬ 
courage  the  growth  of  legumes  which  make  nitro¬ 
gen  for  the  whole  rotation. 

Crop  growers  can  help  make  the  nitrogen  supply 
stretch  as  far  as  possible  by  using  one  of  the 
analyses  listed  above.  Careful  preparation  of  the 
soil,  selection  of  seed,  and  proper  liming  will 
partly  make  up  for  the  lack  of  nitrogen. 

Note :  In  some  communities,  competitive  dealers 
may  have  supplies  of  higher  nitrogen  fertilizers 
manufactured  before  the  government  order  came 
through. 


The  Farm 
Front  Today* 

★  ★  ★ 

Highlights  from  G.L.F.’s 
W eekly  Radio  Report 


Gasoline  rationing  will  start  May  15. 
More  important  than  the  amount  of 
gasoline  we  will  be  permitted  to  have, 
more  important  even  than  the  fact  of 
rationing  itself,  is  the  underlying  fact  that 
the  private  transportation  system  of  the 
nation  is  in  grave  danger  of  collapsing, 
unless  we  all,  individually  and  collectively, 
take  immediate  steps  to  preserve  and 
conserve  it. 

★  ★  ★ 

Every  dajr  our  vehicles  grow  older; 
tires  wear  down  a  little  more;  gas  supplies 
diminish  still  further.  And  every  day — 
unless  we  take  immediate  steps  to  check 
the  trend — the  time  draws  nearer  when 
we  will  have  no  transportation  left. 

The  first  and  greatest  step  is  for  every 
farmer,  every  villager,  and  every  city 
dweller  to  cut  his  own  driving  to  the  bone. 
That  means  cutting  out  all  unnecessary 
trips.  Most  of  all,  it  means  planning  your 
driving,  so  that  on  a  single  trip  to  town  a 
farm  truck  may  not  only  carry  your  milk 
to  the  plant  and  your  feed  back,  but  may 
also  carry  something  both  ways  for  two 
or  three  of  your  neighbors.  It  means  co¬ 
operating  with  your  G.L.F.  Service 
Agency,  and  with  the  merchants  in  town, 
by  ordering  ahead  so  that  they  can  plan 
their  deliveries  better. 

The  job  can  be  done,  and  will  be  done, 
by  the  ingenuity,  the  teamwork,  and  the 
patriotism  of  one  hundred  thirty  million 
average  citizens,  as  individuals  and  in 
voluntary  groups. 

*  *  ★ 

The  new  permanent  ceiling  order  on 
used  egg  cases  leaves  the  prices  a;t  Oct¬ 
ober  levels.  Were  it  not  for  this  order, 
prices  of  used  egg  cases  would  certainly 
be  sky-high,  because  of  the  great  scarcity. 
Some  new  egg  cases  are  now  available  in 
most  parts  of  G.L.F.  territory,  and  there 
is  even  a  supply  of  nails  to  put  them 
together  with. 

★  *  ★ 

A  temporary  freezing  order  has  been 
placed  on  plumbing  and  plumbing  fix¬ 
tures,  which  forbids  retailers  to  sell  any 
new  piece  of  equipment  costing  over  five 
dollars.  The  order  includes  not  only  bath¬ 
room,  kitchen,  and  laundry  plumbing 
fixtures,  but  also  furnaces  and  gas  cook 
stoves. 

★  ★  ★ 

Disciples  of  Izaak  Walton,  who  last  year 
spent  fifteen  million  dollars  on  rods,  reels, 
hooks,  baskets,  lines,  and  fancy  flies  to 
deceive  the  finny  denizens  of  the  deep, 
will  have  to  do  their  fishing  with  much 
simpler  supplies  hereafter.  The  War  Pro¬ 
duction  Board  has  ordered  the  manufac¬ 
ture  of  all  fishing  equipment  requiring 
metals,  plastics,  and  cork  to  be  discon¬ 
tinued  as  of  May  31.  Silk  fishing  lines 
passed  out  of  the  picture  when  we  went 
to  war  with  Japan.  The  War  Production 
Board,  however,  is  going  to  permit  the 
manufacture  of  fish  hooks  to  continue. 
So,  although  we  may  have  to  go  back  to 
the  bamboo  pole  and  a  cotton  line,  we 
will  not  have  to  return  to  the  bent  pin 
school  of  fishing  just  now. 


*The  Farm  Front  Today 


Every  MONDAY  on  these  Stations 


Watertown  WATN 
Rochester  WHAM 
Syracuse  WSYR 
Troy  WTRY 

Bridgeton  WSNJ 
Newburgh  WrGNY 
Scranton  WGBI 
Buffalo  WBEN 


12:05  P.M. 
7:12  A. Mi 
12:35  P.M. 
12:15  P.M. 
12:30  P.M. 
1:05  P.M. 
7:00  A.M; 
12:50  P.M. 


Also  G.L.F.  newscasts  over  Station 
WHCU,  Ithaca,  Dial  870,  every  day 
at  7:00  A.M.;  7:50  A.M.;  12:00 
Noon;  7 :30  P.M. 


COOPERATIVE  G.L.F.  EXCHANGE,  INC.,  ITHACA,  N.V 


Ar  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  9,  1942 


3 


(281) 


Fruits  From  Blossoms 

fiy  jHauttience  SoutluaicJz 

Massachusetts  State  College  of  Agriculture. 


THE  OUTSTANDING  requirements 
for  the  translation  of  flowers  to 
fruits  are  effective  pollination  and 
fertilization  of  blossoms.  The  transfer 
of  pollen  from  the  pollen-bearing  anth¬ 
ers  to  the  stigmas  of  flowers  is  polli¬ 
nation.  The  union  of  male  and  female 
reproductive  cells  is  fertilization.  Un¬ 
less  such  a  union  occurs,  fruit  develop¬ 
ment  usually  is  not  started.  Hence, 
the  process  of  fertilization  of  flowers 
is  fundamental. 

Some  fruits  are  set  as  a  result  of 
self-pollination.  For  instance,  Elberta 
peach  pollen  will  fertilize  Elberta 
ovules.  Other  fruits  require  cross¬ 
pollination,  that  is  the  transfer  of  pol¬ 
len  from  the  flower  of  one  variety  to 
a  flower  of  another  variety.  The  Mc¬ 
Intosh  apple,  for  example,  is  self¬ 
unfruitful  (needs  pollen  of  another  va¬ 
riety)  ,  whereas  the  Elberta  peach  is 
self -fruitful.  In  other  words,  the  term 
“self-fruitful”  refers  to  the  production 
of  a  full  commercial  crop  following 
self-pollination.  Self-unfruitful  is  the 
opposite,  and  whenever  a  self-unfruit¬ 
ful  variety  is  planted,  one  or  more  va¬ 
rieties  of  the  same  fruit  must  be  inter- 
planted  with  it  to  insure  fruiting.  An¬ 
other  factor  often  met  with  in  fruit 
plants  is  the  condition  known  as  cross¬ 
incompatibility.  This  term  describes 
the  situation  where  both  male  and  fe¬ 
male  reproductive  cells  are  normal 
and  yet  cross-pollination  does  not  re¬ 
sult  in  fruit  set.  In  this  case,  a  third 
variety  is  needed  to  pollinate  the  oth¬ 
er  two. 

The  following  paragraphs  aim  to 
present  as  briefly  as  possible  the  situa¬ 
tion  as  regards  pollination  and  fertili¬ 
zation  of  some  of  the  more  common  tree 
fruits. 

APPLES.- — All  apple  varieties  are 
considered  self-unfruitful,  although  a 
limited  few,  including  Baldwin,  have 
been  reported  self-fruitful  under  ideal 
conditions.  To  insure  consistently  full 
commercial  crops,  cross-pollination 
must  be  depended  upon. 

Some  varieties  produce  a  high  per¬ 
centage  of  pollen  that  won’t  grow  and 
are  useless  for  cross-pollination.  SuchJ 


varieties  are  mostly  “triploids”  with 
51  chromosomes.  Belonging  in  this 
group  are  Arkansas,  Baldwin,  Fall 
Pippin,  Gravenstein  and  its  red  sports, 
Rhode  Island  Greening,  Roxbury  Rus¬ 
set,  Stark,  Stayman,  Winesap  and  its 
red  sports,  Summer  Rambo,  King  and 
Turley.  The  varieties  which  are  effec¬ 
tive  in  cross-pollination  are  the  diploid 
(34  chromosomes)  varieties.  Winesap 
is  a  rare  example  of  a  diploid  with  non- 
viable,  or  very  poor,  pollen. 

Some  varieties  are  cross-incom¬ 
patible.  That  is,  the  pollen  and  egg 
cells  of  both  parents  are  functional  or 
normal,  yet  no  fruit  is  produced. 
Cross-incompatibility  is  due  largely  to 
close  relationship  between  varieties. 
Thus  McIntosh  or  any  variety  and  its 
red  bud  sports  or  strains  will  not  pol- 
linize  each  other.  Cortland  pollinated 
by  Early  McIntosh  and  Arkansas  by 
Grimes  Golden  are  likewise  non-fruit- 
ful. 

PEARS. — Most  common  pears  are 
self -unfruitful  and  two  or  more  varie¬ 
ties  should  be  interplanted  for  profit¬ 
able  production.  Some  reports  indi¬ 
cate  that  Bartlett,  Flemish  Beauty  and 
Beurre  Hardy  may  be  partially  self¬ 
fruitful,  but  even  with  these  varieties, 
cross  pollination  should  be  provided 
for  consistently  satisfactory  set  and 
high  yield. 

Some  varieties  are  known  to  be 
cross-incompatible,  including  Seckel  and 
Bartlett,  Bartlett  and  Louise,  and 
Seckel  and  Louise.  These  combina¬ 
tions  are  intersterile,  which  means  that 
they  are  unfruitful  no  matter  which 
way  the  cross  is  made. 

CHERRIES. — All  sweet  cherries  are 
self-unfruitful  and  require  cross-polli¬ 
nation  to  insure  adequate  set  of  fruit. 

Some  combinations,  more  or  less 
closely  related,  are  unfruitful.  The 
outstanding  example  is  the  unfruitful¬ 
ness  of  the  following  well-known  va¬ 
rieties  even  though  interplanted:  Bing, 
Napoleon,  Lambert,  and  Emperor 
Francis. 

Sweet  cherries  are  best  for  cross¬ 
pollination  of  sweet  cherries.  Sour 
( Continued  on  Page  15) 


POSSIBILITIES  WITH  BLITEBEHRIES 

Hif  Qeosuje,  JP.  Slate 


THE  HIGH-BUSH  blueberry  as  a 
cultivated  plant  has  had  an  inter¬ 
esting  history.  Thirty  years  ago  it 
was  a  wild  plant,  the  crop  of  which 
was  harvested  and  sold,  but  no  effort 
had  been  made  to  grow  it  as  a.  culti¬ 
vated  crop.  About  1909  Miss  Elizabeth 
White  of  Whitesbog,  N.  J.,  and  the 
late  Dr.  F.  V.  Coville  of  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture  be¬ 
came  interested  in  improving  the  blue¬ 
berry.  Prizes  were  offered  for  plants 
producing  unusually  large  berries. 

The  best  of  these  wild  selections  were 
propagated  and  grown  commercially. 
Hybrids  between  them  were  produced 
and  some  of  these  were  propagated 
and  planted.  These  varieties  have 

been  increased  to  the  point  where  in 

1939  there  were  over  1500  acres  grow¬ 
ing  in  the  United  States.  This  new 
and  promising  fruit  crop  is  based 

wholly  on  the  varieties  arising  from 
efforts  to  improve  the  blueberry  by 
scientific  methods. 

Another  interesting  feature  of  blue¬ 
berries  is  their  adaptability  to  soils  not 
suited  or  poorly  adapted  to  other  farm 
crops.  In  many  cases  what  is  virtu¬ 
ally  waste  land  has  been  cleared  and 
planted  to  a  crop  whose  income  pro¬ 
ducing  possibilities  compare  favorably 
with  any  farm  crop  in  the  Northeast¬ 
ern  states.  Sandy  acid  soils,  well  sup¬ 


plied  with  organic  matter  and  moist, 
but  well-drained  are  required  for  blue¬ 
berry  culture.  Persons  having  soils  of 
this  type  may  well  investigate  the  pos¬ 
sibilities  of  commercial  blueberry  grow¬ 
ing. 

Many  farm  soils,  originally  acid, 
have  been  limed  for  farm  crops. 
Where  the  texture  is  suitable  and  the 
soil  has  no  lime  reserve  it  may  be 
possible  to  increase  the  acidity  suffi¬ 
ciently  to  grow  blueberries.  This  can 
be  done  with  sulphur  at  a  cost  low 
enough  to  permit  its  use  on  a  com¬ 
mercial  scale.  For  those  desiring  to 
grow  blueberries  for  home  use  instruc¬ 
tions  for  acidifying  the  soil  may  be 
found  in  a  circular  on  blueberries  which 
may  be  had  free  from  the  Experiment 
Station,  Geneva,  N.  Y.  Persons  in¬ 
terested  in  planting  blueberries  com¬ 
mercially  should  contact  the  Experi¬ 
ment  Station  and  send  or  bring  soil 
samples  for  examination  before  start¬ 
ing  much  of  a  venture.  A  list  of  nurs¬ 
eries  specializing  in  the  production  of 
improved  blueberry  varieties  may  be 
had  from  the  Experiment  Station. 

The  features  of  blueberries,  or 
huckleberries  as  they  are  incorrectly 
known  in  many  places,  which  make 
them  worthwhile  as  a  crop  are  their 
profitableness  and  high  salability  on 
most  markets. 


/ 

HOW  TO  MAKE 


WORK  HARDER  and  LAST  LONGER 


THERE  is  no  time  this  year  for  tractors  to  break  downs 
There  is  no  place  for  tractor  engines  that  waste  power 
and  fuel.  Here  are  three  things  that  will  help  give  you  all 
the  power  of  your  tractor  all  the  time: 

1.  TUNE-UP  your  tractor  to  get  full  power  and  best  fuel  econ¬ 
omy.  Proper  adjustment  of  carburetor,  governor,  spark  plugs, 
valves  and  magneto  will  do  this.  See  your  dealer  and  send  for 
booklet  below. 

2.  PREVENTIVE  MAINTENANCE  for  all  running  parts,  clean  stor¬ 
age  and  handling  of  fuels  and  lubricants,  regular  lubrication, 
regular  service  attention  to  air  cleaner,  oil  filter,  battery,  cool¬ 
ing  system,  tire  pressures — these  are  some  of  the  things  that 
you  must  do  to  get  a  full  day’s  work  every  day  you  need  your 
tractor.  Nearly  all  tractors  need  this  maintenance  program; 
most  require  a  number  of  other  checks  and  inspections. 

3.  HIGH  COMPRESSION  your  present  tractor  if  it  needs  an  over¬ 
haul.  The  high  compression  overhaul  uses  little  or  no  more 
material  than  a  regular  overhaul  and  gives  you  more  power 
than  your  tractor  had  when  new— plus  substantial  savings  in 
time  per  acre — and  cost  per  acre — required  for  every  tractor 
operation. 

rnrr  send  for  your  copy 
NiCl  of  this  book  today 

This  large,  new  illustrated  hook  gives  the  information 
you  need  on  Tune-up,  Preventive  Maintenance,  and 
High  Compression.  It  also  contains  forms  for  tractor 
records.  A  complete  maintenance  chart  is  included. 


Ethyl  Corporation, 

Chrysler  Building,  New  York  City 

Gentlemen:  Please  send  me  a  free  copy  of  “WARTIME  TRACTORS — HOWTO 
MAKE  THEM  WORK  HARDER  AND  LAST  LONGER.”  This  does  not  obligate  me 
in  any  way. 

N  ame _ _ _ _ _ 

Address _ _ _ _ _ — — - 


AA5-9-42 


AUTOMOBILE  INSURANCE 


MERCH 

CASUA 


MUTUAL 
MPANY 


C.  W.  BROWN,  President 
. _  __  _  BUFFALO,  N.Y. 

ASK  OUR  AGENT  IN  YOUR  TOWN  ABOUT  SURE  PROTECTION, 
PROMPT  SETTLEMENTS,  AND  ECONOMY,  WITH  PERSONAL  SERVICE 


(282)  4 


Ai  leriean  Agriculturist,  May  9,  1942 


PAGE 


Address  all  mail  far  Editorial  or  Advertts- 
Inj  departments  te  American  Agriculturist, 
Savings  Bank  Building.  Ithaca,  New  York. 


The  miracle  of  the  resurrection  of  Spring 
is  with  us  again! 

SPRING  PLOWING 

HE  OTHERsday  son  Don  and  I  did  a  lit¬ 
tle  plowing. 

Whenever  I  walk  in  the  new  furrow,  and  get 
the  smell  of  fresh  earth,  I  think  of  the  pioneers 
who  cleared  the  forests  of  this  nation,  subdued 
the  sod  of  centuries,  and  produced  the  food 
which  made  possible  this  great  nation. 

THE  AMERICAN  FARM  FRONT 

N  THE  village  of  Delhi,  New  York,  the  other 
morning,  one  hundred  boys  left  In  one  con¬ 
tingent  to  join  the  armed  forces  of  the  country. 
The  very  next  morning  the  people  gathered  to 
see  another  group  off. 

These  groups  were  only  two  out  of  several 
contingents  of  young  men  who  have  already 
gone  to  fight  for  Uncle  Sam.  Delaware  County, 
from  where  these  boys  came,  is  strictly  a  farm 
county.  There  is  not  a  city  in  it.  Most  of  these 
boys  therefore  came  from  the  farms. 

Now,  that  may  be  all  right,  for  certainly  some 
of  our  boys  have  got  to  bear  arms  in  this  war. 
But  it  is  equally  important  that  the  soldiers  be 
fed,  and  every  farm  boy  should,  before  he  en¬ 
lists  or  before  he  is  drafted,  give  careful  thought 
to  where  he  can  best  serve  his  country,  whether 
on  the  War  Front,  the  Industrial  Front,  or  the 
Farm  Front.  That  is  a  matter  between  you  and 
your  conscience,  but  you  should  understand  be¬ 
fore  you  enlist  the  importance  of  food  in  this 
war,  and  it  may  be  that  your  training  as  a  farm 
worker  will  make  you  worth  far  more  to  your 
country  on  the  Farm  Front  than  on  the  War 
Front.  At  least  you  owe  it  to  yourself  to  get 
the  facts. 

This  information  about  the  American  Farm 
Front  will  be  furnished  farm  workers  or  farm 
employers  without  obligation  on  application  to 
American  Agriculturist,  Department  C,  Ithaca, 
New  York. 

SINGERS  WANTED 

AN  ARMY  officer  said  recently  that  be¬ 
sides  munitions  of  war  there  are  four  things 
necessary  for  the  success  of  any  army  —  food, 
clothing,  shelter,  and  music.  Another  officer 
said: 

“A  silent  army  never  wins  victories.” 

We  can  carry  that  thought  farther  and  say 
that  a  silent  nation  is  an  unhappy  one. 

Since  the  beginning  of  our  history,  music  has 
played  a  vital  part  in  both  war  and  peace.  The 
ragged  Continentals  of  our  Revolution  marched 
and  fought  to  stirring  tunes  like  The  White 
Cockade,  played  by  the  fife  and  drum  corps. 
Many  of  the  regiments  in  the  Civil  War,  both 
North  and  South,  had  their  bands,  and  the  folks 
left  at  home  played  and  sang  when  the  boys 
marched  away,  and  again  when  “Johnny  Came 
Marching  Home.” 

But  the  first  World  War  had  less  of  music, 
and  this  one  has  had  least  of  all  so  far.  One  rea¬ 
son  for  this  decline  in  singing  is  that  we  have 
so  much  “canned”  music.  But  people  need  to 
do  more  than  listen  to  music;  they  need  to  par¬ 
ticipate. 

War  at  best  is  a  dreary,  tragic  business  and 
we  need  the  inspiration  of  music  to  help  us  en¬ 
dure  it.  That’s  the  reason  why  some  time  ago  I 
suggested  a  Singing  to  Victory  campaign,  with 
more  and  better  new  songs,  and  a  revival  of  in¬ 
terest  and  enthusiasm  in  singing  the  old  ballads. 
My  suggestion  was  taken  up  by  the  New  York 


State  Federation  of  Music  Clubs,  by  Miss  Sarah 
Blanding,  Dean  of  the  New  York  State  College 
of  Home  Economics,  and  by  others,  with  the 
result  that  plans  are  under  way  for  a  great  cam¬ 
paign  for  a  revival  of  good  singing  in  every 
neighborhood,  and  by  everybody  at  meetings  in 
country  and  city  and  in  the  Army. 

If  you  are  interested  in  helping  to  carry  out 
these  plans,  either  as  a  song  leader  or  as  an 
officer  or  member  of  your  organization,  write 
American  Agriculturist,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

TIME  TO  STOP  FOOLING 

T  A  TIME  when  the  government  should 
bend  all  of  its  efforts  and  energy  to  winning 
the  war,  and  at  a  time  when  every  possible  cent 
raised  by  the  heaviest  taxation  the  people  have 
ever  paid  should  be  used  to  win  the  war,  it  is 
alarming  to  know  that  people  within  and  with¬ 
out  the  government  are  working  just  as  hard 
as  ever'  to  divert  government’s  attention  and 
taxes  from  the  war  job  to  social  and  other 
schemes  which  have  no  bearing  upon  the  war 
itself. 

Among  these  schemes  is  the  plan  to  take  mil¬ 
lions  of  dollars  to  broaden  the  coverage  of  the 
doubtful  benefits  of  social  security. 

All  non-war  spending  that  is  not  absolutely 
necessary  must  be  stopped.  Government  officials 
are  asking  the  people  to  center  everything  on 
winning  the  war.  The  people  are  responding  with 
determination,  but  are  demanding  in  return  that 
officials  practice  what  they  preach. 

9 

GETTING  STARTED  IN  FARMING 

AST  year  108  northeastern  farmers,  who 
had  previously  purchased  farms  on  con¬ 
tract  from  the  Federal  Land  Bank  at  Spring- 
field  with  a  small  cash  payment,  had  been  able 
to  make  payments  on  these  farms  until  they 
were  eligible  to  receive  deeds.  A  mortgage  was 
given  to  cover  unpaid  balance.  These  figures 
show  that  there  are  a  substantial  number  of 
farmers,  mostly  young,  who  were  able  to  buy 
farms  with  a  small  down  payment,  make  sub¬ 
stantial  improvements,  and  in  three  years  ob¬ 
tain  deeds  with  at  least  a  25%  equity. 

This  illustrates  one  of  the  principal  ways  by 
which  young  men  can  become  farm  owners. 
First,  they  must  have  a  small  amount  of  cash. 
This  may  be  obtained  by  working  as  a  hired 
man  and  in  various  other  ways.  The  cash  is 
necessary  to  buy  equipment  and  some  stock. 
The  other  qualifications  are  honesty,  hard  work, 
and  the  ability  for  good  management. 

GOOD  FUTURE  FOR  APPLES 

OME  years  ago  I  wrote  a  rather  pessimistic 
editorial  advising  my  fruit  growing  friends 
in  the  Northeast  to  go  slowly,  that  I  was  sure 
there  were  rough  years  ahead. 

My  pessimism  was  justified.  Recent  years 
have  been  rough  for  fruit  growers.  But  now  I 
am  on  the  other  side  of  the  fence.  I  think  the 
outlook  for  fruit,  particularly  for  apples,  is  ex¬ 
cellent.  I’ll  qualify  that  by  saying  that  it  will  be 
excellent  for  the  man  who  knows  his  business, 
and  who  has  the  right  varieties  on  the  right  soil. 
Here  are  a  few  reasons  why  apple  growing  is 
going  to  be  a  better  paying  business: 

1.  European  orchards  have  been  destroyed  by 
the  thousands.  Most  of  the  rest  of  them  are  be¬ 
ing  neglected.  It  will  take  many  long  years  to 
replace  those  orchards,  and  in  the  meantime 
Europe  will  need  great  quantities  of  protective 


foods  like  fruit,  and  the  United  States  will  be 
the  chief  source  of  supply. 

2.  On  the  other  hand,  we  may  not  have  too 
many  apples  here.  The  number  of  apple  trees 
has  declined  almost  half  in  the  last  ten  years, 
according  to  the  Census.  Young  trees  have  not 
been  planted  on  any  large  scale. 

The  consumer  is  more  alive  to  the  value  of 
a  good  apple  than  ever.  Marketing  methods  are 
improving,  and  organizations  like  the  New  York 
and  New  England  Apple  Institute  are  being  bet¬ 
ter  appreciated  by  growers. 

Speaking  of  security,  believe  me,  if  I  had  a 
good  orchard,  I’d  keep  it  and  improve  it. 

TRACTOR’S  LIFETIME 

NITED  STATES  Department  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  reports  that  85  out  of  every  100  trac¬ 
tors  now  on  farms  are  more  than  ten  years  old. 
How  well  that  speaks  for  the  way  those  tractors 
were  built.  Because  of  the  war  and  the  scarcity 
of  steel  and  rubber,  it  is  doubly  important  to 
take  extra  good  care  of  your  tractor  now.  The 
old  ones  can  be  made  to  continue  to  do  a  good 
job  if  they  are  properly  cleaned  up  and  ad¬ 
justed  and  kept  under  shelter. 

CAN  YOU  BEAT  THIS  RECORD? 

« 

FRIEND  of  mine  whom  I  have  known  all 
my  life,  Mr.  D.  A.  Millen  of  Newark  Valley, 
Tioga  County,  New  York,  has  been  Clerk  of  the 
village  for  48  years,  ever  since  the  village  was 
incorporated  in  1894.  He  is  a  country  lawyer, 
and  a  good  one.  What  splendid  testimony  his 
long  record  bears  to  what  Mr.  Millen’s  friends 
and  neighbors  think  of  him  and  of 'his  lifetime 
service  to  the  community.  It  would  be  interest¬ 
ing  to  know  of  any  village,  town,  or  county  offi¬ 
cial  in  the  northeastern  states  who  can  beat  Mr. 
Millen’s  record  of  continuous  service  for  48 
years.  If  you  know  of  anyone,  tell  us  about  it 
in  a  brief  letter. 

In  the  hearts  of  people  in  the  thousands  of 
small  towns  and  villages  across  the  land,  and 
in  the  hearts  of  the  men  who  have  guided  the 
destinies  of  these  small  units  of  government,  are 
the  principles  of  true  democracy.  Every  time 
we  do  away  with  some  local  power  of  govern¬ 
ment  which  has  been  long  exercised  and  admin¬ 
istered  by  the  people  and  their  local  officers,  and 
centralize  it  in  the  state  or  national  government, 
we  weaken  the  foundations  of  this  Republic. 

EASTMAN’S  CHESTNUT 

LMOST  every  time  I  take  a  trip  on  a  train 
or  bus  I  get  a  laugh  out  of  watching  people 
and  the  antics  of  some  of  them. 

The  other  day,  across  the  aisle  from  me  in  a 
bus  sat  a  crotchety  looking  middle-aged  man, 
with  the  corners  of  his  mouth  turned  perpetual¬ 
ly  down.  You  know  the  type.  Just  back  of  him 
was  a  young  fellow,  trying  to  read  a  magazine 
in  the  jiggly  bus. 

Suddenly  the  bus  hit  a  big  bump,  and  the 
man  in  front  turned  around  and  with  a  snarl 
said  to  the  young  man,  loudly  enough  so  every¬ 
one  in  the  bus  could  hear: 

“Young  man,  take  your  knees  out  of  my 
back!  !” 

A  ripple  of  merriment  went  through  the  bus 
at  the  young  man’s  embarrassment,  which  turn¬ 
ed  to  a  laugh  the  other  way  around  when  the 
boy  replied: 

“I  haven’t  had  my  knees  in  your  back.  I  sug¬ 
gest  you  see  a  doctor  about  your  liver  and  then 
stop  bellyaching!” 


AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  Constructive  and  Progressive  Since  1842.  Volume  139.  No.  10.  Published  every  other  Saturday  at  10  North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie.  N.  Y. — Editorial  and 
Advertising  offices  at  Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Advertising  Representatives,  The  Katz  Agency.— Entered  as  Second  Class  Matter,  December  3,  1927,  at  the  Post  Office  at  Poughkeepsie.  N.  Y.,  under  ^act 

of  March  6,  1879  —  Frank  E.  Gannett,  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors;  E.  R.  Eastman,  president  and  editor:  Hugh  L.  Cosiine,  associate  editor;  Fred  W.  Ohm,  production  manager;  Mrs.  Grace  Watkins  Huckett.  housemnu 

editor;  Al  Coleman,  art  editor;  Contributing  editors;  L.  B.  Skefflngton.  Jared  Van  Wagenen,  Jr..  Ed.  Mitchell.  Paul  Work,  L.  E.  Weaver.  J.  C.  Huttar;  I.  W.  Ingalls,  advertising  manager;  E.  C.  Weatherby.  secretary  auu 

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Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  9,  1942 


6  (283) 


A  Continued  Story  by 
c  E.  LADD  and  E.  R.  EASTMAN 


CHAPTER  XXXVII. 

How  We  Went  to  College 

THE  OTHER  DAY,  my  dear,  our 
old  friend  Bert  sent  me  the 
Teacher’s  Contracts  that  you 
and  I  signed  on  August  27,  1906, 
to  teach  the  graded  school  in  the  little 
town  where  I  was  principal  and  you 
were  the  primary  teacher.  I  don’t  need 
to  remind  you  that  that  was  the  happy 
year  when  you  and  I  started  house¬ 
keeping  in  three  little  rooms,  with 
secondhand  furniture. 

This  Teacher’s  Contract,  before  me 
as  I  write,  states  that  I  was  to  receive 
“a  weekly  compensation  of  $11.75  pay¬ 
able  at  the  end  of  each  thirty  days  dur¬ 
ing  the  term  of  such  employment.” 
That  was  75c  a  week  more  than  I  had 
received  in  the  same  school  the  year 
before,  and  I  considered  that  a  real 
promotion. 

Your  contract  promised  to  give  you 
$8  a  week.  That  made  a  little  less  than 
$20  a  week  for  both  of  us.  On  that 
sum  we  ran  a  home  and  saved  money 
to  go  to  college.  Our  friend  Bert  has 
kept  these  Teacher’s  Contracts  all 
these  years,  for  he  was  one  of  the 
trustees  of  the  school. 

Do  you  remember  the  fun  we  had 
that  year  putting  on  amateur  plays? 
Before  the  days  of  motion  pictures, 
folks  were  more  dependent  upon  en¬ 
tertainment  organized  in  their  own 
neighborhoods,  and  after  weeks  of  re¬ 
hearsals,  under  the  leadership  of  our 
friend  Bert  who  was  an  excellent  actor, 
we  used  to  pack  the  house  with  folks 
from  all  around  the  county.  It  was 
especially  nice  in  one  of  these  plays 
when  it  fell  to  my  lot,  in  the  role  of 
leading  man,  to  make  love  to  you  as 
leading  lady.  I  guess  I  was  pretty 
good  at  it.  I  ought  to  have  been  —  I 
had  had  practice  enough!  I  remem¬ 
ber,  however,  that  it  didn’t  set  quite 
so  well  with  you  in  another  one  of 
these  plays  when  I  was  the  leading 
man  with  a  different  leading  lady! 

Well,  our  first  year  together  rushed 
by,  as  all  happy  times  do,  and  when 
school  was  out  we  went  back  to  spend 
another  summer  with  our  folks,  help¬ 
ing  them  with  the  farm  work,  and 
looking  forward  to  another  school  year, 
not  to  teach  but  to  go  to  college,  a 
goal  to  which  I  had  looked  forward  from 
the  time  I  was  a  small  boy. 

That  little  college,  on  one  of  the 
beautiful  Finger  Lakes  in  western  New 
York,  is  not  so  far  away  today,  but 
in  the  Horse  and  Buggy  days,  and  to 
untravelled  and  unsophisticated  young 
people,  it  seemed  like  the  end  of  the 
world.  We  stored  our  furniture,  start¬ 
ed  early  in  the  morning,  and  travelled 
by  train  all  day,  with  long  waits  at 
railroad  junctions.  Never  will  I  for¬ 
get  the  afternoon  sun  shining  on  that 
beautiful  lake,  with  the  vineyards 
stretching  away  from  both  shores  as 
we  approached  the  little  college  which 
was  to  be  our  home. 

I  think  we  both  were  a  little  home¬ 
sick  that  night  as  we  thought  of  friends 
and  relatives  so  far  away,  and  won¬ 
dered  about  the  strange  duties  that 
lay  ahead.  The  next  morning,  how¬ 
ever,  our  time  was  immediately  so 
taken  up  with  work  that  we  had  little 
time  to  be  lonesome.  I  knew  that  the 
slender  funds  we  had  saved  would  not 


before  they  told  me  how  they  got 
them;  then,  of  course,  they  had  me.  I 
couldn’t  do  anything  about  it.  I  prob¬ 
ably  wouldn’t  have  anyway. 

As  I  remember  that  fall,  it  seems  as 
though  I  was  always  hungry.  That 
went  for  the  other  students,  too.  We 
ate  in  the  College  dining  room.  Every¬ 
body  was  poor  and  couldn’t  afford  to 
pay  much  for  board,  so  the  board 
probably  wasn’t  too  good.  Anyway, 
when  one  of  the  boys  on  my  floor  got 
a  whole  barrel  of  apples  from  his  home 
in  western  New  York,  believe  me,  we 
all  cultivated  that  boy.  He  was  the 
grandest  chap  in  the  world — while  the 
apples  lasted!  He  really  was  a  good 
fellow,  for  everybody  was  free  to  help 
themselves  until  the  apples  were  gone. 
Smart  too,  he  was,  for  later  he  became 
one  of  the  most  famous  men  in  the 
cooperative  marketing  of  fruit  in  the 
United  States. 

The  discipline  problem  on  my  floor 
wasn’t  too  tough,  although  some  of 
the  boys  did  keep  their  lights  on  late, 
and  there  were  stories  and  games  after 
the  rules  said  lights  out.  But  there 
was  one  young  fellow  who  was  a  bad 
actor.  He  just  naturally  had  a  streak 
of  meanness  in  him.  With  a  hard  luck 
story  he  borrowed  money  from  me, 
which  he  never  paid  back,  and  when  I 
checked  up  I  found  he  owed  most  of 
as  much  value  from  the  boys  on  the  floor,  none  of  whom 

had  any  money  to  spare.  This  is  the 
first  time,  my  dear,  you  have  ever 
heard  of  the  $5  I  loaned  that  fellow. 
I  was  ashamed  to  tell  you,  because  I 
knew  how  badly  we  needed  that  money. 
Remember  the  time  that  this  bad 
came  back  with  two  or  three  big  boxes  actor  picked  up  a  little  stray  dog,  took 
or  trays  of  beautiful  grapes  which  they  .  him  to  bis  room  on  the  fourth  floor 
had  stolen  from  the  nearby  vineyards,  of  the  dormitory,  put  a  rope  around  his 
Maybe  “stolen”  is  too  harsh  a  word,  neck,  and  swung  him  out  of  the  win- 
but  I  imagine  that’s  what  the  local  dow  in  front  of  the  window  of  a  room 
farmers  called  it  when  the  college  occupied  by  two  girls  directly  below? 
boys  got  into  their  vineyards.  Take  a  The  clumsily  knotted  rope  came  untied, 
young  fellow  raised  in  a  dairy  country,  and  the  poor  dog  fell  clear  to  the 
where  a  stem  of  grapes  was  a  great  stone  court  below,  where  its  piteous 
luxury  to  indulge  in  maybe  once  a  cries  aroused  the  whole  College.  You 
year,  apd  put  him  in  a  grape  country  know  what  happened  then.  The  boys 
where  they  grow  the  most  beautiful  didn’t  wait  for  the  slow  discipline  of 
grapes  you  ever  saw  by  the  bushel,  the  College  to  act.  They  collared  the 
and  you  can  see  what  a  temptation  young  devil  in  his  room,  carried  him 
these  grapes  were.  I  never  saw  any  bodily  down  the  wide  staircase,  rush- 
in  our  dormitory  but  once,  and  the  ed  him  down  across  the  long  walk 
boys  who  brought  them  in  were  smart  over  the  campus  to  the  dock  on  the 
enough  to  see  that  I  ate  some  of  them  lake,  and  threw  him,  clothes  and  all, 


last  long  if  I  didn’t  earn  some  of  our 
expenses,  so  before  we  arrived  I  had 
arranged  with  the  college  authorities 
to  do  this.  To  pay  tor  a  room  which 
we  shared,  I  was  supposed  to  maintain 
discipline  in  one  of  the  upper  floors  of 
the  college  dormitory.  To  earn  our 
board  I  taught  several  classes  in  the 
College  preparatory  school,  and  work¬ 
ed  at  odd  times  in  the  College  basket 
factory  making  grape  baskets.  This 
work  was,  of  course,  in  addition  to 
taking  a  tough  college  course  for  which 
I  was  not  too  well  prepared.  These 
various  jobs  kept  me  out  of  mischief 
from  early  morning  until  late  at  night. 
But  from  that  experience  I  am  sure 
that  a  boy  or  girl  who  can  earn  at 
least  a  part  of  his  or  her  college  ex¬ 
penses  receives 
the  experience  as  from  the  books  and 
lectures  themselves. 

It  was  a  busy  life,  but  a  lot  of  fun, 
with  some  adventures  thrown  *in. 
There  was  the  night,  for  example,  when 
a  bunch  of  the  boys  from  my  floor 


le^Son#  Q^the 


O 


iN  SUNDAYS  I  could  lie 
in  bed  and  rest  up  my 
old  bones  instead  of  doing  it 
my  neighbor’s  way,  he  vio¬ 
lates  the  Sabbath  day.  But 
if  I  should  try  sleeping  late, 
Mirandy  won’t  cooperate;  no 
sooner  does  a  rooster  crow 
than  kitchen  lights  begin  to 
glow,  and  pretty  soon  I  sleep 
no  more,  for  thru  the  crack 
beneath  my  door  comes  a 
sweet  smell  that  always 
makes  me  wide  awake,  it’s 
buckwheat  cakes.  Now  I 
have  read  of  marble  halls 
and  palaces  and  costume 
balls,  I’ve  heard  of  fancy 
queens  and  kings,  but  I  will 
gladly  give  these  things  and 
more  besides,  if  only  I  get 
buckwheat  cakes  until  I  die. 

Most  folks  will  worry 
’bout  the  price  of  corn,  to¬ 
bacco,  wheat  and  rice  and 
cotton,  too,  they  all  take 
pains  to  pamper  almost  all 
the  grains  there  are,  except 
the  best  of  all.  Buckwheat’s 
a  crop  that  may  be  small 
when  measured  by  the  bush¬ 
els  grpwn,  but  of  the  many  crops  that’s  sown  there  ain’t  a  single  one  will 
make  a  better  sight  upon  my  plate.  There’s  nothing  I  would  rather  do 
than  set  to  work  without  ado  upon  a  stack  of  buckwheat  cakes  about 
six  deep,  with  golden  flakes  of  butter  floating  o’er  the  top  in  maple  syrup. 
I  can’t  stop  when  I  have  had  enough  to  fill  me  up,  I  keep  right  on  until 
Mirandy  calls  a  halt  herself  and  puts  the  griddle  on  the  shelf.  Then 
there  ain’t  anything  for  me  to  do  but  go  to  bed,  by  gee,  where  I  can  moan 
in  pleasant  pain  until  it’s  time  to  eat  again. 


- - - 

PEACH  BLOWS 

By  Anne  Murry  Movius. 

Who  has  searched  for  heaven 
Will  find  it  orchard  bound, 

Petals  white  and  crimson 
Drifting  to  the  ground. 

Waves  of  fragrance  spilling, 
Dripping  silver  dew. 

Peach  blooms  will  bring  heaven 
Very  near  to  you. 

^  —  i - —  -  -  -  i  1 

into  the  icy  waters.  They  waited  to 
make  sure  that  he  would  get  out  of 
the  water  all  right,  and  then  left  him, 
wet,  cold,  and  bedraggled,  to  creep 
back  in  disgrace  to  his  room.  It  didn’t 
do  any  good,  however,  for  it  wasn’t 
long  before  he  was  in  another  scrape, 
and  this  time  the  College  authorities 
expelled  him. 

Well,  that  interesting  fall  moved 
along  fast,  and  Hallowe’en  came.  Dur¬ 
ing  the  years  I  taught  school  I  always 
hated  to  see  Hallowe’en  come,  for  so 
many  boys  thought  that  was  one  time 
in  the  year  when  they  could  get  away 
with  anything  —  and  they  often  did. 
You  will  recall  that  a  gang  of  the  Col¬ 
lege  boys  that  fall  tried  something  on 
Hallowe’en  night  that  they  didn’t  get 
away  with.  I  was  supposed  to  watch 
my  floor  in  the  dormitory,  but  I  knew 
deviltry  was  afoot,  that  it  wouldn’t  be 
anything  too  serious,  and  that  I 
couldn’t  do  anything  about  it  anyway, 
so  I  went  to  bed  early.  Next  morning 
when  I  opened  my  door  into  the  big 
hall  on  my  floor,  there  stood  a  piece 
of  familiar  architecture,  stolen  from 
some  farmer’s  back  yard  and  moved 
with  tremendous  toil  to  the  College, 
and  then  carried  bodily  up  four  flights 
of  stairs. 

That  was  too  much!  It  riled  the 
College  president,  and  he  immediately 
set  about  to  see  who  was  responsible 
for  the  outrage.  He  found  out — I  have 
forgotten  by  what  means,  if  I  ever 
knew — who  the  boys  were  who  had 
done  the  trick.  Then  he  lined  up  all 
the  other  students  who  had  had  no 
part  in  the  prank,  boys  and  girls,  like 
a  guard  of  honor,  on  each  side  of  the 
long  hall  that  led  from  the  foot  of  the 
stairway  to  the  double  doors.  Then 
the  President  made  those  boys  go  up 
the  stairs,  pick  up  the  building,  and 
carry  it  down  the  stairs  and  between 
the  lines  -of  the  whole  student  body, 
who  were  roaring  with  laughter.  Boy, 
were  those  young  fellows’  faces  red! 
To  this  day  they  have  never  lived  that 
adventure  down  with  any  of  their  Col¬ 
lege  mates.  I  am  glad  that  I  have  you 
to  prove,  my  dear,  that  I  had  no  part 
in  that  episode,  for  otherwise  my  part¬ 
ner  in  the  writing  of  those  stories 
would  be  sure  to  claim  that  I  did. 

It  must  have  been  around  Hallowe’en 
time,  too,  or  a  little  later  when  it  was 
bleak  and  cold,  that  one  of  my  friends 
proposed  that  we  go  across  the  lake 
in  a  rowboat.  Now,  I  was  and  am  a 
land  lubber.  Not  knowing  too  much 
about  boats,  I  am  afraid  of  them — 
that’s  the  way  to  be.  But  I  thought 
my  friend  knew  boats  or  he  wouldn’t 
have  proposed  the  fool  idea,  so  I  ac¬ 
cepted  and  we  got  started. 

All  went  well  for  a  while,  until  we 
got  away  from  the  west  shore  and  out 
where  the  wind  hit  us.  Then  I  found 
that  my  friend  didn’t  know  any  more 
about  boats  than  I  did,  and  that  a 
heavy  wind  was  blowing,  kicking  up 
some  real  whitecaps.  The  only  thing 
that  we  knew  enough  to  do  was  to 
keep  the  boat  head  on  into  the  waves. 
Once  let  it  get  turned  and  slapped 
sideways  by  a  big  wave,  and  we’d  have 
been  capsized.  I  was  never  so  scared 
in  my  life.  I  felt  exactly  like  that  fel¬ 
low  in  the  story  I  have  heard  you  tell 
about  sixteen  times  who  was  having 
( Continued  on  Page  21) 


4 


(284)  6 


Ar  erican  Agriculturist,  May  9,  1942 


A  NEW 

DE  LAVAL  MILKER 


IV/lt- 

INCREASE  PRODUCTION  —  through  best,  fastest  and 
cleanest  milking. 

SAVE  TIME  and  LABOR  — through  reducing  by  half  the 
manpower  required  to  milk  by  hand. 

IMPROVE  QUALITY— by  making  clean  milk  production 
quick,  easy  and  simple. 


TJt  IAVM  WUwNnfc 


NWIKIR 

WORLD’S  BEST 

method  of 

MILKING 


m2‘  “Mt  Sterling 

milker 

DE  UVAL 
PUAiiry  mhking 
AT 

lower  pr/ce 


GREAT  DE  LAVAL  MILKERS 

THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  COMPANY 

NEW  YORK  CHICAGO  SAN  FRANCISCO 

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Centrally  located  in  midtown 
New  York.  Near  Radio  City, 
theatres,  fine  shops.  Large  com¬ 
fortable  and  attractive 
ROOM  AND  BATH  from 
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Write  for  big.  free  1942  TRACTOR  PARTS  CATA¬ 
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HARDER  SILOS 

War  program  demands  more 
milk.  Highest  prices  assur¬ 
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essential  to  low  cost  pro¬ 
duction. 

Silos  are  scarce  — 
secure  yours  now. 

HARDER  SILO  COMPANY,  Inc. 

107  Grand  St.,  Cobleskill,  N.  Y. 


When  Writing  Advertisers  Be  Sure  to  Mention  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


The  car  on  the  farm  is  a  highly  important  unit  in  our  national  pro¬ 
duction. 

And  automobile  insurance  to  protect  against  the  risk  of  accidents 
causing  the  loss  of  driving  and  ownership  privileges  is  highly  im¬ 
portant,  too. 

Don’t  risk  the  disaster  of  losing  your  right  to  own  and  your  right 
to  drive  a  car. 

To  KEEP  ’EM  ROLLING,  KEEP  ’EM  INSURED. 

In  your  own  neighborhood,  there  is  a  local  man  representing  Utica 
Mutual  Insurance  Company,  who  can  furnish  you  with  sound  automobile 
insurance  protection  with  prompt  and  efficient  service  at  lower  net 
cost.  Send  us  the  coupon  and  we  will  send  you  his  name. 

And  don’t  forget  that  the  current  dividend  saving  on  Utica  Mutual 
Insurance  is  20%. 


ORGANIZED  1914—  HOME  OFFICE :  UTICA,  N.Y.<^*“ 

MAIL,  THIS  COUPON  TODAY  ! 


Utica  Mutual  Insurance  Co.,  Utica,  N.  Y.  AA-l 

Please  send  me  booklet  and  information  about  new  law  and  Utica  Mutual 
coverage. 

Make . . . . .  Year _ _  Model . 

Name  . . . . . . . — T — . 

Street . . . .  City - - -  State . 


Who  Will  II  Be- 

Ijou  oji  QoUn  Jl.  jHeutil  ? 


A  FARMER  discussing  milk  prices, 
the  milk  situation,  and  John  L. 
Lewis,  the  other  day  said  that  he 
would  think  twice  before  signing  up 
with  John  L.  Lewis  or  with  any  other 
organization  not  operated  by  farmers, 
because  he  might  very  easily  be  far 
worse  off  than  he  is  now. 

That  is  right.  To  be  sure,  milk 
prices  are  not  as  high  as  we  would 
like  to  see  them,  and  certainly  farm¬ 
ers  are  bothered  by  short  help  and  a 
thousand  and  one  other  problems.  But 
the  milk  marketing  problem  never  will 
be  entirely  settled.  It  is  too  compli¬ 
cated.  There  is  no  one  answer  to  it. 
However,  it  is  a  fact  that  most  farm¬ 
ers  are  making  more  money  than  they 
have  before  in  ten  or  fifteen  years, 
and  much  of  the  credit  for  the  progress 
that  has  been  made  goes  to  the  farm¬ 
ers’  own  organizations  and  coopera¬ 
tives.  These  have  made  plenty  of 
mistakes.  In  many  cases  they  have 
been  poorly  supported.  Farmers  them¬ 
selves  are  too  critical  of  their  own  co¬ 
operatives,  which  helps  to  weaken  their 
service.  But  nevertheless,  the  coopera¬ 
tive  movement,  led  by  farmers,  has 
made  progress  in  recent  years,  and  will 
continue  to  make  it  if  the  farmers 
themselves  support  it. 

On  Patriot’s  Day  in  Boston,  farmers 
from  all  over  New  England  gathered 
to  organize  against  John  L.  Lewis’ 
attempt  to  take  over  American  agricul¬ 
ture.  Now,  Patriot’s  Day  is  an  impor¬ 
tant  holiday  in  New  England.  It  com¬ 
memorates  the  historic  occasion  when 
embattled  farmers  of  Lexington  and 
Concord  (right  near  Boston)  stood 
their  ground  in  defense  of  their  homes 
and  their  rights,  and  thereby  played 
such  a  big  part  in  laying  the  frame¬ 
work  for  the  upbuilding  of  American 
democracy. 

Well,  in  1942,  the  Yankee  farmers 
met  again,  this  time  to  state  their  case 
for  farmer  cooperation  as  against  the 
nefarious  plans  of  John  L.  Lewis.  In 
reporting  this  meeting  for  American 
Agriculturist,  our  Massachusetts  edi¬ 
tor,  Walter  E.  Piper,  said: 

"Just  as  those  pioneers  on  Lexington 
Green  fought  to  be  independent,  so  did 
New  England  farmers  in  setting  up  their  ■ 
new  organization  affirm  their  belief  in 
their  right  to  run  their  own  business.  In 
the  words  of  several  key  speakers  at  the 
meeting,  the  newly  formed  Council  is  pro¬ 
farmer..  Farmers  believe 
that  the  farm  business  can 
best  be  operated  under 
farmer-owned  and  farmer- 
controlled  organization. 

‘‘The  big  job  of  the 
newly  organized  Agricul¬ 
tural  Council  of  New  Eng¬ 
land  will  be  to  make  clear 
to  farmers  the  benefits  of 
working  with  their  own 
cooperative  groups  as 
against  tying  up  with 
outside  selfish  interests.” 

Believing  that  all  agri¬ 
culture  is  affected  by 
the  present  emergency, 
the  Council  will  divide 
into  seven  divisions — 
dairying,  poultry,  fruit, 
crops,  purchasing  co¬ 
operatives,  general  farm 
organizations  like  the 
Grange  and  Farm  Bu¬ 
reau,  and  miscellaneous, 
such  as  livestock,  maple 
products,  etc.  Each  di¬ 
vision  will  have  two  di¬ 
rectors  in  the  Agricul¬ 
tural  Council  for  New 
England  and  the  officers 
are  prominent  represen¬ 
tative  New  England 


farmers. 

In  the  same  spirit,  and  speaking 
even  more  forcefully,  the  farmers  of 
New  Hampshire  have  rolled  up  their 
sleeves  and  warned  John  L.  Lewis 
against  any  invasion  of  the  New 
Hampshire  agricultural  field  by  his 
United  Mine  Workers.  Maine  farmers 
have  done  the  same.  In  fact,  in  every 
milk  shed  in  America  where  invasion 
by  Lewis  has  occurred  or  threatened, 
the  reaction  of  farmers  and  their  lead¬ 
ers  has  been  prompt  and  determined 
to  fight  Lewis  and  all  he  stands  for. 

In  the  New  York  milk  shed  the  farm 
organizations,  forgetting  all  minor  dis¬ 
agreements  and  bickerings  among 
themselves,  are  solidly  behind  Free 
Farmers,  Inc.,  in  its  work  to  prevent 
Lewis  from  taking  over  the  dairy  busi¬ 
ness  in  the  New  York  milk  shed. 
Pledges  signed  by  dairymen  are  pour¬ 
ing  into  the  office  of  Free  Farmers  by 
the  thousand.  These  are  simply  word¬ 
ed  agreements  by  dairymen  agreeing 
to  stand  together  in  the  New  York 
milk  shed  against  any  invasion  by 
John  Lewis  or  his  supporters.  Granges 
and  other  local  organizations  by  the 
dozen  are  discussing  this  subject,  and 
sending  in  resolutions  in  support  of 
Free  Farmers  and  against  the  plans  of 
Lewis  and  his  United  Mine  Workers. 
Literally  hundreds  of  local  conferences 
of  farmers  are  being  held,  and  steps 
taken  to  sign  the  pledges  of  Free 
Farmers  and  to  organize  to  protect  all 
farmers  who  wish  to  have  nothing  to 
do  with  Lewis  or  any  of  his  works. 

There  is  no  question  about  how  a 
very  large  majority  of  dairymen  will 
act  if  they  have  to. 

In  the  meantime,  the  C.I.O.  called  a 
strike  at  Johnstown,  Pennsylvania,  in 
a  plant  that  was  manufacturing  muni¬ 
tions  to  give  our  boys  on  the  firing  line 
something  to  fight  with,  something  to 
protect  their  own  lives,  and  something 
with  which  to  protect  the  liberties  of 
this  country  itself.  You  will  recall 
that  only  a  few  days  ago,  representa¬ 
tives  of  John  L.  Lewis  said  that  the 
United  Mine  Workers  of  course  would 
call  no  milk  strike  during  the  war. 

All  of  these  facts  add  up  to  some 
definite  conclusions: 

The  first  is  that  the  farm  organiza¬ 
tions  and  cooperatives  have  succeeded 
in  solving  some  of  the  milk  marketing 
( Continued  on  Page  17) 


TIN  THE  WRONG  PASTURE 


S-SOOK- 


PllHAM- 


J 


You  said  it,  son! . . .  We’re  all  in  this  fight 
together.  And  that’s  the  way  we’ll  WIN  it. 
Every  man  has  his  job  .  .  .  Take  me,  for 
example.  I  can’t  go  to  the  front,  but  I  caa 
help  by  producing  more  food  —  food  for 
you  boys  at  the  front  and  for  the  workers 
in  the  factory.  That’s  why  I’m  going  to  do 
the  best  job  of  raising  pullets  I’ve  ever  done; 
so  I  can  get  more  eggs  than  ever  before. 


In  this  battle  of  production  you,  too,  want 
to  do  the  best  job  you’ve  ever  done  with 
your  chicks  .  .  .  Purina  can  help  you  do  that 
kind  of  job.  This  year,  start  your  chicks  on 
Purina  Startena,  America’s  favorite  chick 
starter;  and  keep  ’em  growing  on  Purina 
growing  feed.  That’s  the  best  way  we  know 


of  to  grow  big,  vigorous  layers  —  the  kind 
America  needs  to  produce  more  "Food 
for  Victory!” 


PATRICK  HENRY 
Man-of-the-Month. 


Born  May  29,  1736 


PATRICK  HENRY  — “Give  me  Liberty,  or 
give  me  Death!” 

He  came  from  a  large  family  —  having 
eight  sisters.  His  father  was  a  Scotchman  from 
Aberdeen.  Patrick  went  to  common  school 
until  he  was  ten,  but  after  that  time  his 
father  tutored  him.  The  boy  was  fond  of 
mathematics,  but  intent  upon  history.  Noted 
for  his  keen  observation,  he  let  nothing  escape 
his  attention.  But,  like  most  normal  boys, 
he  wanted  a  good  time  in  all  sorts  of  out¬ 
door  fun,  going  barefoot  in  summer,  fighting, 
fishing,  and  hunting. 

At  16  his  father  set  him  up  in  a  store  — 
which  gave  young  Henry  a  knowledge  of  human 
nature,  but  not  much  profit.  A  customer,  find¬ 
ing  him  stretched  out  on  the  counter  with 
his  head  on  a  sack  of  salt,  listening  to  a  heated 
discussion  in  his  store,  inquired:  “Have  you 
any  salt?”  “Just  sold  the  last  peck,”  replied 
Patrick,  nuzzling  a  little  more  comfortably 
into  the  salt  pack,  intent  upon  missing  not 
a  word  of  the  discussion. 

The  store  was  not  a  success.  So  at  eighteen, 
Patrick  Henry  turned  to  farming  .  .  .  But 
fate  didn’t  intend  that  his  talents  be  used 
there  either.  Great  gain,  however,  came  from 
his  farming  experience.  Here  much  of  his 
sound  common  sense  was  developed.  Much 
of  his  later  popularity  with  the  plain  people 
was  due  to  the  fact  that  as  a  farmer  he  knew 
them,  understood  them,  entered  into  their 
feelings.  He  had  been  one  of  them. 

■  ■  ■  ■ 

JOHN  LEWIS,  a  neighboring  lawyer,  en¬ 
couraged  Patrick  Henry  to  study  law. 
The  spur  of  necessity  quickened  him. 
Here  was  his  field!  Here  his  great  genius  for 
eloquence  came  into  play.  An  old  farmer  once 
said  after  Henry  had  won  a  case,  “With  that 
voice  Patrick  could  make  love  in  a  corner,  or 
call  a  hound  a  mile  away.” 

Patrick  Henry’s  powers  ripened  with  matur¬ 
ity.  His  habits  were  simple.  He  was  always 
temperate  in  his  eating,  and  he  drank  only 
water.  He  had  a  cheerful  disposition  and  great 
sincerity.  He  championed  the  people,  becom¬ 
ing  so  popular  that  he  was  soon  elected  to  the 
House  of  Burgesses  of  Virginia. 

■  ■  ■  ■ 

INDIGNATION  about  taxation  was  rising 
against  the  King  and  Parliament  of  Eng¬ 
land,  but  no  one  seemed  to  say  “Resist”— 
until  Patrick  Henry  dared  to  raise  the  cry. 
On  the  morning  of  his  29th  birthday,  the 
29th  of  May,  1765,  Patrick  Henry  introduced 
a  series  of  tax  resolutions.  The  House  became 
an  uproar.  The  air  was  surcharged.  Cautious 
tongues  became  unbridled.  But  Henry  was 
equal  to  his  task.  He  grasped  his  subject  like 
a  giant.  In  a  tone  which  startled  his  hearers, 
he  said: 

“Tarquin  and  Caesar  had  each  his 
Brutus.  Charles  the  First  his  Cromwell, 
and  George  the  Third  — ,”  he  paused. 

“Treason!”  shouted  the  Speaker.  “Trea¬ 
son!  Treason!”  cried  many  Burgesses. 

Then  with  impressive  dignity,  growing  visi¬ 
bly  taller,  until  he  seemed  the  embodiment 
of  resolute  manhood,  Patrick  Henry  spoke  his 
final  words: 

“—  may  profit  by  their  example!  If  this 
be  treason,  make  the  most  of  it.” 

Woodrow  Wilson  wrote:  ‘Henry’s  words 
were  the  first  words  of  a  Revolution.” 


PURINA  MILLS 

Buffalo,  N.  Y.  •  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt.  •  Wilmington,  Del* 


\\w\\\, 


PURINA 

CHICK 

iTARTEHA 

JCOMPlptp  Al  I 


7  b 


Purina  STARTENA 


■  ■  ■  ■ 

PROBLEMS  increased*  The  times  became 
tense.  The  thirteen  states  were  weak  com¬ 
pared  to  the  strength  of  the  Crown.  Ten 
years  passed  as  Patrick  Henry’s  convictions 
became  clearer.  In  1775,  when  he  was  39,  he 
flashed  forth  a  message  in  a  convention  in 
Richmond  which  portrays  the  greatness  of 
Patrick  Henry: 

“They  tell  us.  Sir,  that  we  are  weak. 
Sir,  we  are  not  weak.  We  shall  not  fight 
our  battles  alone.  There  is  a  just  God  who 
presides  over  the  destinies  of  nations. 
War  is  inevitable.  And  let  it  come!  I  repeat 
it.  Sir;  let  it  come!  Is  life  so  dear,  or  peace 
so  sweet  as  to  be  purchased  at  the  price 
of  chains  and  slavery?  Forbid  it.  Almighty 
God !  I  know  not  what  course  others  may 
take,  but  as  for  me,  give  me  liberty,  or 
give  me  death!” 

.  .  .  Could  there  be  a  more  appropriate 
Man-of-the-Month  for  May,  1942? 

WM.  H.  DANFORTH 
Chairman,  Ralston  Purina  Company 

EXECUTIVE  OFFICES 
1800  Checkerboard  Square,  St.  Louis,  M®. 


(286)  8 


Ai  terican  Agriculturist,  May  9,  1942 


piimiiniiM 


For  real  success,  use  a 
HI-LINE  ELECTRIC  FENCE  controller 

PRIME 

is  the  safe.  Underwriter -approved  unit  that 

PACKS  A  PUNCH 


Only  the  HI-LINE  PRIME  gives  you  ALL  this: 

Ij  Exact  measurement  of 
shock  on  fence,  prevent¬ 
ing  trouble. 


Twice  the  “  kick”  of  other 
makes  —  with  true  alter¬ 
nating  current  (the  most 
effective  type)  on  the  fence. 


The  hi-line  controller 
approved  for  safety  by 
Underwriters’  Laborato¬ 
ries. 

Quick,  easy  erection  of 
new  fence  or  protection 
of  old  fence,  for  increased 
production  and  profit. 

Savings  of  posts  and  wire 
—  conserving  steel. 


0_  Accurate  adjustment  of 
shock  to  meet  all  soil 
conditions. 

Split-second  timing  of 
shock  for  safety. 

No  more  fence  worries. 

0  Nine-year  success  record 
—  on  thousands  of  farms. 


Also  battery  models  — wide  price  range.  See  your  Prime 
dealer  now.  The  Prime  Mfg.  Co.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 


Elmer 

the 

Bulhorg 

says: 


holds  all  livestock,  all 
the  time,  all  over  the 
farm.” 


©  1942 

The  Prime  Mf  g.  Co. 


— hoi;,  x  respect  only 
one  fence,  the  Prime 
—  because  Prime 


"I  m 
strong  as 
a  bull, 
big  as  a 
horse, 
slippery 
as  a  — 


Marietta,  the  “Greatest  Name  in  Silos,"  now  presents 
another  FIRST:  The  ‘’VICTORY"  Silo.  Designed  by  Mari¬ 
etta  and  Masonite  engineers,  collaborating.  Supplies 
dependable  Silo— at  very  low  cost— at  a  time  when  you 
need  it  more  than  ever:  to  help  feed  our  Nation  at  War! 

Strongly  built,  with  minimum  of  steel.  Solid  Oak  frame 
and  laminated  hoops — chemically  treated  against  decay. 
Masonite  Tempered  Presdwood  walls,  of  7,320  lbs.  per 
sq.  in.  tensile  strength.  Firmly  anchored  to  concrete  base. 
Doors  provide  safe  ladder.  With  choice  of  roof — or  with¬ 
out.  Orders  coming  fast.  Don't  delay,  if  you  want  new 
Silo  in  1942.  Write  TODAY  for  (free)  illustrated  folder. 


STRENGTH  TEST 

(Below)  New 
Marietta  "Vi  c- 
tory"  Silo  filled 
with  gravel  —  4 
times  "outward" 
pressure  of  ordi¬ 
nary  ensilage. 

wmm  i  m 


II  lj 

1  l[l] 

J  1 1  Ti  m 

■  1  »  1  WBBB 

iTh  (i]  itk 

m  mb 

mil  «  Hrm 

9 a  Cleveland 

THE  HOLLENDEN 

In  CtdunvluT 

THE  NEIL  HOUSE 

■In  /Vewn 

THE  MAYFLOWER 

In  JlancaAlesi,  0. 

THE  LANCASTER 

9n  Ccvmimj,  A.  If. 

THE  BARON  STEUBEN 

THEO.  DeWITT 


PRESIDENT 


CTOnt  new — used  tractor  parts  for  sale 
13 1  cheap.  Order  nearest  branch. 

Catalog  free. 


LARGE 


IRVING’S  TRACTOR  LUG  CO.,  Galesburg,  III. 


THE  FARRELL  HOIST 


FOR  UNLOADING  HAY  WITH  GAS 
ENGINE  HAS  QUICK  RETURN 
DRUM  ANb  BAND  BRAKE.  BOTH 
DRUMS  OPERATED  FROM  LOAD 
BY  ONE  ROPE-  SEND  FOR  CIRCU¬ 
LARS. 

JOHN  FARRELL  &.  SON 

NEWTON,  SUSSEX  CO..  N.J, 


JUICE 
TIGHT! 


Wood  is  the  proven, 
best  material  in  which 
to  cure  and  keep  silage. 

But  only  the  Unadilla  has 
the  patented  lock  dowell- 
ing  and  V-type  anchors  that 
tie  the  entire  silo  into  a  Juice- 
>  tight  —  windproof  —  enduring 
structure.  With  fair  care  it 
should  outlast  any  other  silo. 
Save  the  Juice!  It  contains  valu¬ 
able  body  and  bone  building 
mineral  food.  Sure-grip,  sure- 
step,  door-front  ladder  assures 
convenience  and  safety. 

Write  today  for  catalog  and  early- 
order  low  prices.  Unadilla  Silo  Co., 
Box  B,  Unadilla,  N.  Y. 

AGENTS  WANTED  —  for  Open  Territory. 


UNADILLA  SILOS 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
It  Hi  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


SAVE  THAT  MOTOR 

New  Ones  —  or  Repairs  —  Are  Hard  to  Get 


lly  H.  S.  Pringle. 


IT  IS  becoming  increasingly  difficult 
to  replace  or  repair  electric  motors 
that  have  burned  out.  On  many  farms 
it  would  be  very  serious  indeed  if  the 
motor  that  pumps  water,  milks  the 
cows  or  cools  the  milk  should  give  out. 

Wise  care  of  electric  motors  in¬ 
cludes  correct  routine  care  and  protec¬ 
tion  against  overheating.  Routine 
care  is  discussed  later  in  this  article. 
Overheating  may  completely  destroy 
the  motor  and  may  be  due  to  several 
different  causes,  all  of  which  are  avoid¬ 
able.  Two  main  causes  of  overheating 
are:  two  much  belted  load;  low  volt¬ 
age  at  the  motor. 

All  electric  motors  must  have  much 
more  than  their  normal  current  at 
starting  until  they  get  fully  up  to 
speed.  If  they  do  not  get  the  full 
amount  of  this  extra  current  at  start¬ 
ing  they  will  not  get  up  to  speed  but 
will,  instead,  continue  to  draw  more 
than  normal  current  from  the  line  and 
this  heavy  current  in  a  short  time 
will  overheat  the  motor. 

Protect  your  motors  from  this  dan¬ 
ger.  Fuses  of  the  proper  size  to  pro¬ 
tect  the  motor  will  “blow”  when  the 
motor  starts.  Larger  fuses  will  allow 
the  motor  to  start  but  will  not  pro¬ 
tect  it  while  it  is  running.  The  fuses 
protect  the  wiring  but  not  the  motor. 
There  are  many  makes  and  styles  of 
thermal  overload  protective  devices  on 
the  market  which  will  allow  temporary 
overloading  of  the  motor,  such  as  start¬ 
ing,  but  will  shut  it  off  if  the  motor 
continues  to  draw  enough  current  to 
overheat  it.  When  ordering  these  it 
is  necessary  to  specify  the  amperage 
and  the  voltage  of  the  motor. 

Probably  the  most  common  cause 
of  motor  failure  is  low  voltage  which 
may  be  caused  by  inadequate  wiring 
and  overloaded  circuits.  If  the  wires 
are  too  small  there  will  be  a  loss  of 
current  in  them  which  will  increase 
with  the  distance  from  the  meter  to 
the  motor.  This  causes  a  “oltage  drop 
at  the  motor.  The  voltage  may  be 
low  enough  to  cause  the  motor  to  draw 
twice  as  much  current  as  it  should. 
This  extra  current  passing  through  the 
motor  generates  an  excessive  amount 
of  heat  which  may  damage  or  even 
ruin  it.  The  following  table  shows  the 
wire  sizes  that  should  be  used  for  in¬ 
dividual  motors  at  various  distances 
using  115  voltes./ 


Motor 

Distance 

from  meter  to 

motor. 

H.P. 

Amperes 

50 

100 

150 

200  300 

400 

ft. 

ft. 

ft. 

ft. 

ft. 

ft. 

'/4 

4.8 

14 

12 

10 

8 

8 

8 

Vi 

7 

14 

10 

8 

8 

6 

4 

% 

9.4 

12 

8 

8 

6 

4 

2 

.  ' 

II 

12 

8 

6 

6 

4 

2 

If 

two  or 

more 

motors 

are 

to 

be 

running  at  the  same 

time 

and 

if 

the 

same  wires  furnish  electricity  for 
lights  and  other  equipment,  larger 
wires  must  be  used. 

If  the  voltage  is  low  at  the  barn 
because  of  small  wires  coming  from 
the  house,  it  would  be  well  to  run  only 
one  motor  at  a  time.  The  cooler  and 
pump  usually  have  automatic  switches. 
If  they  should  try  to  start  while  the 
milking  machine  motor  is  running 
they  might  be  damaged  if  the  voltage 
is  low.  To  avoid  this  danger  they 
could  be  turned  off  each  time  the 
milking  machine  is  used,  until  larger 
wires  can  be  installed. 

The  routine  care  of  an  electric  motor 
includes:  Cleaning,  lubrication,  and 
brush  inspection. 

Dirt  in  the  ventilating  holes  and 
channels  will  cause  a  motor  to  over¬ 
heat  and  also  may  become  a  fire  haz¬ 
ard.  It  is  sometimes  necessary  to  re¬ 
move  one  or  both  ends  of  the  frame 
and  the  rotor  in  order  to  clean  the 
ventilating  channels  with  a  stiff  bristle 
brush.  Cleaning  fluid  or  gasoline  on  a 


cloth  will  remove  grease  or  oil.  Do 
not  dip  the  motor  in  the  cleaning  fluid 
as  it  might  damage  the  varnish  coat¬ 
ing  of  the  windings.  While  the  motor 
is  apart,  it  is  a  good  idea  to  wash  out 
the  old  bearing  lubricant  and  put  in 
fresh  lubricant  of  the  proper  kind  for 
the  motor.  It  is  necessary  to  refer 
•to  the  instruction  book  concerning  the 
lubrication  of  the  motor  as  there  are 
many  types  of  lubrication  systems  us¬ 
ed  and  also  many  types  of  lubricants. 

If  the  mo|:or  uses  brushes,  it  is  a 
good  idea  to  inspect  them  and  the 
comutator  while  the  motor  is  apart. 
If  new  brushes  are  installed,  be  sure 
that  they  do  not  bind  in  their  holders. 
They  should  be  sanded  until  they  move 
freely.  In  order  to  fit  them  to  the 
comutator,  wrap  a  piece  of  sandpaper 
around  the  comutator  and  turn  the 
comutator  one  or  two  revolutions  while 
holding  the  sandpaper  in  place.  This 
is  usually  sufficient  to  sand  down  the 
brushes  until  they  conform  to  the 
curvature  of  the  comutator.  The 
comutator  ^nay  be  cleaned  with  a 
coarse  cloth  while  the  motor  is  run¬ 
ning.  Sometimes  it  is  necessary  to 
use  fine  sandpaper  on  it.  Emery  must 
never  be  used. 


Seeding  With  Soybeans 

By  R.  B.  CHILD. 

SINCE  1939,  Charles  Sherwood  and 
Son,  Sheds  Corners,  N.  Y.,  have 
been  making  all  their  meadow  seed- 
ings  with  soybeans  as  the  companion 
crop.  During  the  three  years  they 
have  seeded  about  20  acres  of  alfalfa 
and  timothy  this  way,  and  are  well 
enough  satisfied  with  the  results  that 
they  are  seeding  about  11  acres  with 
soybeans  this  spring. 

Their  usual  procedure  is  to  drill 
solid  half  a  bushel  of  Cayuga  soybeans 
about  June  10th.  The  alfalfa  and  tim¬ 
othy  seed  is  sowed  at  the  same  time 
through  the  seeding  attachment  of  the 
drill.  They  find  that  soybean  seed  is 
injured  if  drilled  directly  with  fertiliz¬ 
er,  so  the  application  of  400  pounds  of 
superphosphate  per  acre  goes  down 
through  a  separate  tube  from  the  seed. 

The  soils  on  the  Sherwood  farm  are 
sour,  and  enough  lime  for  alfalfa  is 
spread  on  every  field  before  seeding. 
Soybeans,  like  alfalfa,  are  legumes, 
and  they  also  do  better  where  the  lime 
requirement  is  taken  care  of. 

The  soybean  crop  is  cut  for  hay  in 
early  August.  It  is  slower  curing  than 
clover  or  alfalfa,  but  by  making  the 
swaths  small  with  a  side-delivery  rake, 
it  is  usually  ready  to  go  into  the  barn 
in  4  or  5  days.  Mr.  Sherwood  says 
the  “cows  are  crazy  for  the  hay”  and 
milk  well  on  it.  He  cuts  down  the 
protein  content  of  his  grain  mixture 
when  feeding  soybean  hay. 

Some  New  York  farmers  have  had 
seeding  failures  with  soybeans  as  a 
companion  crop.  MosL"  farmers  have 
an  occasional  seeding  failure  because 
of  drought — whether  with  or  without 
a  companion  crop. 

I  do  not  maintain  that  soybeans  are 
a  better  companion  crop  than  wheat, 
oats,  or  barley.  I  do  maintain  that 
the  Sherwoods’  successful  experience 
in  seeding  with  soybeans  for  the  past 
three  years,  two  of  them  severe 
drought  years,  is  worth  consideration. 


Protect  that  tractor! 


.u  are  a  behind -the -front  fighter 
is  a  weapon  of  war. 

.  Guard  it  by  the  very  best  1 
tion  from  the  weather  whei 
tough,  rugged,  full-bodied 
stand  high  operating  tempe: 

Gulflube  is  refined  from 
sol  process.  It's  a  real  farm  oil- 
priced.  Try  it.  You’ll  say  it’s  great 


your  tractor 


ubrication;  by  proper  protec - 

mot  in  use;  and  by  using  a 

oil  especially  made  to  with- 
xatures.  An  oil  like  Gulflube. 
special  crudes  by  Gulf’s  Multi- 
--1  and  it’s  moderately 


iNf 


wMmk 


HOW  TO  DO  IT 


FACTS  FOR  FARMERS— about  Gulf  Farm  Aids 


by  R.  J.  5.  Pigott 


milking  time  to  quiet  your  cows  and  make  milk¬ 
ing  easier  and  safer  .  .  .  What’s  more,  Gulf 
Livestock  Spray  is  safe  to  spray  twice  a  day 
and  it’s  economical  to  use  .  .  .  Every  gallon  is 
sold  on  the  basis  of  “satisfaction  guaranteed 
or  your  money  back.” 


Gulf  Research  and  Development  Division 


RUNNING  a  FARM  is  a  real  science  nowadays. 

And — like  all  sciences — its  success  depends 
largely  on  information — on  facts. 

So,  every  month,  Gulf  brings  you  this  in¬ 
formative  page.  Whether  you  buy  or  not,  you 
ought  to  know  the  facts  about  Gulf’s  widely 
used  farm  aids.  They’ve  all  been  thoroughly 
tested  in  laboratories  .  .  .  and  on  farms.  They’re 
designed  for  you — first  and  foremost! 


Gulf  Livestock  Spray 


Made  of  the  highly  effective  insect  killing  in¬ 
gredient,  pyrethrum,  and  a  mild,  light  oil  base, 
this  widely  used  product,  when  sprayed  as  di¬ 
rected  .  .  .  kills  flies,  lice,  and  ticks  .  .  .  repels 
stable  and  horn  flies,  thereby  helping  to  quiet 
cows  in  barn  and  pasture  .  .  .  Doesn’t  impart 
taste  or  odor  to  milk,  so  it  can  be  sprayed  at 


Here  are  a  few  hints  on  how  to  keep 
your  tractor  tires  in  good  condition: 


J  Be  careful  not  to  Have  too  much  or  too 
little  air  in  your  tractor  tires.  A  good 
pressure  for  four-ply  front  tires  is  around 
28  pounds;  for  six-ply,  around  36  pounds. 
In  four-ply  rear-tires,  use  12  pounds;  six- 
ply,  from  12  to  16  pounds.  (When  plowing, 
add  4  pounds  more  air  in  the  furrow 
wheel  tire.) 

2  Avoid  spinning  tires  on  stony  ground... 
too-quick  starting ..  .and  overloading. 

^  Don’t  let  grease,  kerosene,  oil,  or  gas¬ 
oline  get  on  your  tractor  tires. 


mm 


You’ll  find  extra  protection  for  the  lubri¬ 
cation  of  Transmissions,  Finals  Drives  and 
Power  take-offs  in  Gulf  Transgear  Lubri¬ 
cants  E.P.  These  Gulf  Farm  Aids  are  also 
suitable  for  use  in  truck  wheel  bearings  and 
truck  rollers  where  a  fluid  lubricant  is  nec¬ 
essary.  Gulf  Transgear  Lubricants  E.P.  are 
recommended  for  oil-type  steering  gears  and 
universal  joints,  too.  ^ 


Made  for  Small  Electric  Motors 

* 

More  and  more  electric-motor-driven  machines 

f 

and  home  appliances  are  being  rationed.  It’s 
up  to  you  to  keep  the  ones  you  have  operating 
for  the  duration.  Proper  lubrication  is  all-im¬ 
portant.  So  get  Gulf  Electric  Motor  Oil — a  fine, 
Alchlor-processed  oil  especially  packed  in  handy 
cans  for  small  motor  lubrication — and  do  this 
job  right! 


^  Oil  IS  AMMUNITION 


USE  IT  WISELY  ! 


Gulf  fuels  and  lubricants  are  available  at 
your  Good  Gulf  station  and  at  Gulf  dis¬ 
tributing  plants.  Gulfspray,  Gulf  Livestock 
Spray,  and  other  Gulf  products  for  home 
and  farm  are  sold  at  Gulf  stations,  grocery, 
drug,  hardware,  and  variety  stores  ...  at 
milk  gathering  stations  and  by  feed  stores. 


TOf> 


f  "THAT  N 
GOOD  GULF 
GASOLINE" 


GULF 

KEROSENE 


(288)  TO 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  9,  1942 


THE  FARM  NEWS 

Co-ops  Request  Reinstatement  of  Diversion 
Payments  on  Surplus  Milk 


As  reported  in  the  issue  of  April  25, 
representatives  of  dairy  cooperatives 
met  at  Utica  on  April  17  at  the  invita¬ 
tion  of  the  U.S.D.A.  Dr.  Gaumnitz 
told  that  group  that  it  was  up  to  the 
cooperatives  to  work  out  a  plan  for 
handling  surplus  milk  which  has  been 
causing  considerable  distress  in  the 
New  York  City  market.  A  committee 
was  appointed  as  follows :  Kenneth 
Shaul,  Cobleskill;  Clarence  Joslin,  Am¬ 
sterdam;  John  Snyder,  Poland;  Fred 
Sexauer,  Dairymen’s  League;  Casper 
Mellen,  Chateaugay;  William  Storie, 
Bovina  Center. 

Following  meeting  of  the  committee 
on  April  25  the  entire  group  was  again 
called  to  Utica  on  May  2nd  to  hear 
the  committee  report.  Representatives 
of  eleven  operating  cooperatives  and 
one  bargaining  cooperative  attended. 

The  committee  stated  that  in  its 
opinion  the  piling  up  of  surplus  milk 
and  selling  at  cut  prices  was  caused 
entirely  by  failure  to  include  diversion 
payments  for  surplus  milk  in  the 
amendments  to  the  Order  that  became 
effective  April  1.  They  recommended 
that  an  immediate  petition  be  made  to 
Secretary  Wickard  and  Commissioner 
Noyes  for  a  hearing  to  be  held  at  the 
earliest  possible  moment  to  consider 
reinstatement  of  the  diversion  pay¬ 
ments.  It  was  the  committee’s  opinion 
that  such  reinstatement  would  relieve 
the  surplus  milk  difficulties  that  have 
appeared  during  the  last  month.  They 
felt  that  there  were  sufficient  facili¬ 
ties  in  the  milk  shed  to  take  all  of  the 
surplus  but  that  the  cost  of  handling 
it  without  diversion  payments  had 
fallen  heavily  on  certain  groups. 

The  report  of  the  committee  was  ap¬ 
proved  and  a  request  for  such  a  hear¬ 
ing  was  put  in  the  mail  that  night, 
May  2nd. 

Fortunately,  the  situation  had  eased 
in  the  last  two  weeks.  Due  to  an  in¬ 
crease  in  the  price  of  butter  the  price 
of  Class  2  milk  is  up.  Dealers  are 
anxious  to  store  cream,  believing  that 
the  market  will  trend  upward.  Wheth¬ 
er  *or  not  the  situation  will  continue 
through  June  remains  to  be  seen. 

Another  evidence  of  improvement  is 
the  announcement  of  Administrator 


Cladakis  that  the  Government  con¬ 
tracts  with  cheese  making  concerns  in 
Syracuse,  LaFargeville  and  Cana.stota 
have  been  cancelled.  However,  the  Ad¬ 
ministrator  stated  that  the  Govern¬ 
ment  is  ready  to  go  back  into  business 
if  there  is  a  recurrence  of  the  distress 
milk  situation.  Under  Government 
supervision  400,000  pounds  of  cheese 
was  manufactured  and  converted  to 
Lend-Lease  for  the  Allies. 

A  delegate  meeting  of  the  Producer’s 
Bargaining  Agency  is  being  held  in 
Syracuse  on  Tuesday,  May  5.  It  seems 
probable  that  they  too  will  address  a 
petition  to  Secretary  Wickard  and 
Commissioner  Noyes  for  an  immediate 
hearing. 

— a.  a. — 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
FARMERS  ANALYZE 
LEWIS  MILK  PLAN 

Organized  agriculture  in  New  Hamp¬ 
shire  has  rolled  up  its  sleeves  and  ex¬ 
ecuted  a  verbal  swing  at  John  L.  Lewis 
in  a  warning  against  any  invasion  of 
the  New  Hampshire  agricultural  field 
by  his  United  Mine  Workers. 

In  a  statement  issued  by  organiza¬ 
tions  comprising  the  New  Hampshire 
Agricultural  Conference  they  stated 
that  they  intend  “to  run  their  own 
show”  and  that  the  “New  Hampshire 
farmer  will  not  tolerate  a  bull  ring  in 
his  nose  with  John  L.  Lewis  twisting 
the  staff.” 

The  red  hot  attitude  and  statement 
of  the  conference  has  the  backing  of 
the  N.  H.  Farm  Bureau  federation,  N. 
H.  State  Grange,  Granite  State  Dairy¬ 
men’s  Association,  N.  H.  Poultry  Grow¬ 
ers’  Association,  the  N.  H.  Horticultur¬ 
al  society  in  all  three  branches,  fruit 
growers,  potato  growers  and  vegetable 
gardeners;  the  N.  H.  Shet?fc  Breeders’ 
Association,  and  the  N.  H.  Beef  Pro¬ 
ducers’  Association. 

In  part,  the  statement  issued  says: 

“An  analysis  of  the  program  of  farm 
leadership  by  John  L.  Lewis’  United 
Mine  Workers  would  indicate  that: 

“1— The  A.  F.  of  L.  and  the  CIO,  the 
great  labor  organizations  that  have 


done  so  much  for  their  members,  are 
opposed  to  the  organization  of  farmers 
by  the  United  Mine  Workers. 

“2 — Any  benefits  to  farmers  would 
be  the  results  of  lifting  prices  of  food 
to  consumers,  the  United  Mine  Work¬ 
ers  themselves  included,  a  program  in 
which  the  farmers  hardly  could  ex¬ 
pect  them  to  be  sincere. 

“3— The  farmers  would  be  tied  to  a 
non-farmer  setup  in  which  he  would 
be  a  voiceless  minority,  whereby  he 
would  lose  his  right  to  speak  and  act 
for  himself. 

“4 — There  will  be  drained  from  the 
farmers  of  New  Hampshire,  thou¬ 
sands  of  dollars  yearly  that  would  be 
used  to  fill  the  coffers  of  John  L.  Lewis’ 
organizations. 

“5 — Bargaining  through  strikes 
would  be  employed  in  the  milk  indus¬ 
try.  Such  methods  constitute  a  serious 
threat  to  continued  high  consumption 
of  fluid  milk  in  the  northeast,  because 
it  drives  consumers  to  tin  can  milk 
during  the  strike  and  many  are  lost 
forever  as  fluid  milk  consumers. 

“6 — Commitments  for  food  made  by 
the  American  farmer  and  the  Ameri¬ 
can  people  to  supply  our  Allies  under 
the  lease-lend  program,  and  provide 
the  food  for  our  boys  across  the  sea, 
would  be  jeopardized  by  strikes  of 
the  ‘rule  or  ruin’  variety.” 

— a.  a. — 

STUDY  MILK 
EXCLUSION  THREAT 

For  some  time  New  York  dairymen 
have  been  threatened  with  the  exclusion 
of  some  milk  by  New  York  City  offi¬ 
cials.  New  York  has  been  claiming 
that  it  has  been  handling  more  than 
its  part  of  the  surplus,  and  has  threat¬ 
ened  either  to  exclude  certain  plants 
entirely  or  to  “shrink”  the  Milk  Shed. 

On  the  request  of  Roy  Hendrickson 
of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agricul¬ 
ture,  threatened  action  was  postponed, 
and  a  committee,  composed  of  E.  S. 
Strobeck,  A.  D.  Hakes,  George  Pelton, 
Edwin  Rice  and  Frank  Snyder,  has 
been  studying  the  problem  and  at¬ 
tempting  to  suggest  some  workable 
solution  which  would  injure  the  dairy 
industry  as  little  as  possible. 

The  last  meeting  of  the  committee 
was  in  New  York  City  on  May  1st. 

The  committee  \yilL  request  the  help 
of  several  men  and  groups  of  agricul¬ 
ture  in  the  Northeast.  These  men  will 
be  asked  to  suggest  something  along 
the  line  of  a  base  surplus  plan  where 
every  dairyman  will  get  the  surplus 
price  for  all  milk  produced  above  a 
quota;  or  a  plan  whereby  the  man  who 
produces  uniform  amounts  the  year 
around  would  get  a  premium.  The 
committee  will  meet  again  on  June  4. 

ESTIMATES  APRIL 
MILK  PRICE 

Administrator  N.  J.  Cladakis  esti¬ 
mates  that  the  April  uniform  milk 
price  will  be  $2.28.  Assuming  that 
this  is  approximately  right,  the  total 
value  of  the  pool  will  be  around 
$14,250,000  for  the  month.  It  is  ex¬ 
pected  that  the  volume  of  milk  in  the 
pool  for  April  will  be  8.3%  higher  than 
a  year  ago.  Last  April  the  uniform 
price  was  $1.87,  and  the  value  of  milk 
in  the  pool  was  $10,789,155.48  for  the 
month. 

— A.  A.— 

J.  A.  COULTER  RESIGNS 

J.  A.  Coulter  of  Watertown,  Jeffer¬ 
son  County,  Mew  York,  has  resigned 
as  Director  of  the  Dairymen’s  League 
Cooperative  Association.  In  making 
the  announcement,  Mr.  Coulter  stated 
that  he  felt  it  was  his  duty  in  order 
to  make  place  for  the  training  of  a 
younger  man. 

Mr.  Coulter  has  been  a  member  of  - 
the  League  Board  of  Directors  since 
June  15,  1922.  He  was  made  member 
of  the  Executive  Committee  in  1923; 


Secretary  in  1924;  Assistant  Treasurer 
in  1932;  and  Treasurer  in  1934. 

Mr.  Coulter  will  be  missed.  He  has 
long  been  recognized  as  an  able  fighter 
for  dairymen,  and  his  genial  smile  and 
courage  have  won  him  great  popular¬ 
ity  among  the  dairymen  in  the  New 
York  Milk  Shed. 

—  A.  A. — 

GAUMNITZ  MOVES 

At  the  Utica  meeting  of  dairymen 
to  consider  the  surplus  milk  situation, 
previously  reported  in  our  April  25 
issue,  it  was  rumored  that  Dr.  E.  W. 
Gaumnitz  of  the  Agricultural  Adjust¬ 
ment  Administration,  who  was  at  the 
meeting,  would  resign  soon.  The 
rumor  was  soon  confirmed. 

Dr.  Gaumnitz,  who  has  been  in  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  for  eleven 
years,  has  joined  the  staff  of  the  Board 
of  Economic  Warfare,  headed  by  Vice- 
President  Henry  A.  Wallace. 

— A.  a. — 

RURAL  LIFE  SUNDAY 

May  10  has  been  set  aside  this  year 
as  Rural  Life  Sunday.  On  that  date, 
rural  churches  all  over  the  country 
will  put  on  special  programs,  many  of 
them  with  speakers  who  have  special 
agricultural  training, 
t  The  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches 
of  Cha-ist  in  America,  297  Fourth 
Avenue,  New  York  City,  are  furnishing 
on  request  suggestions  for  the  ob¬ 
servance  of  the  day. 

Rural  Life  Sunday  has  become  an 
institution,  and  each  year  many  out¬ 
standing  programs  mark  its  observ¬ 
ance. 


£a£e&  toent\s 


Cattle  Sales 

May  9  Guy  B.  Robinson  Holstein  Dispersal,  Mon¬ 

trose,  Pa. 

May  9  Frank  G.  Elliott  Holstein  Dispersal,  New 

Paltz,  N.  Y. 

May  9  Breidablik  Farms  Guernsey  Auction  of  100 
head,  Wilmington,  Delaware. 

May  9  Burnup  Brown  Swiss  Auction,  Black  River, 

Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y. 

May  II  Annual  Eastern  Aberdeen-Angus  Breeders* 

^  Sale,  Sales  Pavilion.  Cornell,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

May  14  National  Ayrshire  Sale,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

May  19  New  Jersey  State  Holstein  Sale,  Tren¬ 

ton.  N.  J. 

May  20  Holstein  Consignment  Sale  at  Harold  R. 

Ziegler  Farm,  Breinigsville,  Pa. 

May  20  Frederick  County  Guernsey  Breeders  Ass’n. 

Annual  Sale,  Fair  Grounds,  Frederick,  Md. 

May  22  16th  Annual  Holstein  Consignment  Sale, 

Fair  Grounds,  Frederick,  Md. 

May  23  Guernsey  Consignment  Sale,  Fair  Grounds, 
Topsfleld,  Mass. 

May  25  Pennsylvania  State  Holstein  Sale  and 

Black  &  White  Show,  Allentown,  Pa. 

May  25  Kitchener  Farm  Guernsey  Dispersal,  Bil¬ 

lerica,  Mass. 

May  27  Annual  Canadian  National  Holstein  Sale, 

Brampton,  Ont. 

May  29  Eastern  Guernsey  Sale,  Doylestown,  Pa. 

May  30  Coventry  Guernsey  Sale,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

June  I  Clover  Hill  Guernsey  Sale,  Ira,  N.  Y'. 

June  8  Dunn’s  Tour  Second  Semi-annual  Guern¬ 

sey  Sale,  Dutchess  County  Fair  Grounds, 
Rhinebeck,  N.  Y. 

June  20  Annual  Sale  of  New  York  Jersey  Cattle 
Club,  Meridalc  Farms,  Meredith,  N.  Y. 

Aug.  12  4th  Annual  Consignment  Sale,  Lancaster 
County  Ayrshire  Breeders’  Ass'n.,  Lan¬ 
caster,  Pa. 

Coming  Events 

May  9  Rhode  Island  Ayrshire  Breeders  Ctob 
Spring  Show,  Lippitt  Farm,  Hope. 

May  II  Annual  Meeting  Delaware  County  Jersey 
Cattle  Club,  Meridale  Farms,  Meredith, 
N.  Y. 

May  13  67th  Annua!  Meeting  of  Ayrshire  Breed¬ 
ers’  Ass’n.,  York,  Pa. 

May  13  Annual  Meeting  of  The  American  Guernsey 
Cattle  Club,  Nicollett  Hotel,  Minneapolis, 
Minn. 

June  4  New  York  Ayrshire  Federation  Picnic, 
Strathbar  Farm,  Frankfort. 

June  10-12  National  Conference  of  National  Poultry 
Improvement  Plan,  Chicago,  III. 

June  18  Dairymen’s  League  Annual  Meeting,  Buf¬ 
falo.  N.  Y. 

June  18-19  Business  Management^Confcrence  for  Co¬ 
operatives,  Mass.  State  College,  Amherst. 

July  4-18  Summer  Institute  for  Social  Progress, 
Wellesley.  Mass. 

July  21-24  International  Baby  Chick  Ass’n.  Conven¬ 
tion,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

July  26-28  American  Poultry  Ass’n.  Convention,  Pitts¬ 
burgh,  Pa. 

Aug.  26-28  1942  Poultry  Industries  Exposition  of 

Northeastern  Poultry  Producers  Council, 
Hotel  New  Yorker,  New  York  City. 

Aug.  30- 

Sept.  7-10  Annual  Northeastern  Egg  Grading  and  Mar¬ 
keting  School,  University  of  Connecticut, 
Storrs. 

Nov.  11-19  National  Grange,  Spokane,  Washington. 


FRICK  -MM  TRACTORS 


FRICK  THRESHERS 
and  PEANUT  PICKERS 


The  Battle  for  Food  can 
only  be  won  with  engines  that 
fire  and  run  dependably,  and 
with  other  equipment  in  equal¬ 
ly  good  condition.  You  save 
time,  labor  and  money  with 
smooth-running  power  farm¬ 
ing  machinery. 

Get  in  touch  with  your  Frick 
Branch  or  Dealer:  they  will 
aid  you  in  keeping  your  equip¬ 
ment  in  fighting  trim,  and  in 
furnishing  new  equipment 
where  possible. 


FRICK  SAW  MILLS 


FRICK  BEARCAT  FEED 
MILLS,  FOX  SILO  TILL¬ 
ERS,  ANN  ARBOR  BALERS 


BRANCHES: 

Williamsport, 

Pa. 

Easton,  Pa. 


Frick  Co. 


BRANCHES: 
Canandaigua, 
N.  Y. 

Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


1  1  (289) 


Ai  terlcan  Agriculturist,  May  9,  1942 


WITH  THIS  DOUBLE-ACTING 

swmmm 


SEMESAN  JR.  works  two  ways — 
by  contact  and  effective  vapor  ac¬ 
tion — to  kill  certain  seed-borne  and 
soil-borne  corn  disease  organisms. 
Purchased  in  1-lb.  size,  costs  only 
7£  per  bushel  of  seed.  Generally 
saves  seed  by  reducing  seed  rot¬ 
ting,  seedling  blights;  permits  ear¬ 
lier  planting;  has  increased  average 
yield  4  bushels  an  acre  in  9-year 
tests  in  Iowa.  Wear  dry  mask 
when  treating.  Ask  dealer  for  free 
Corn  Pamphlet  or  write  Bayer- 
Semesan  Co.,  Wilmington,  Del. 


the  original  organic  mercurg 


SEED  DISINFECTANTS 

A  TREATMENT  FOR  EVERY  MAJOR  CROP 


CONNECTICUT 
APOTHECARIES  HALL  CO.. 

14-24  BENEDICT  ST.,  WATERBURY 

MASSACHUSETTS 

JOSEPH  BRECK  &  SONS  CORP., 

85  STATE  ST.,  BOSTON 

NEW  YORK 

HARVEY  SEED  CO.,  INC., 

65-69  ELLICOTT  ST.,  BUFFALO 
BAN  FI  ELD-JEN  Nl  NGS  CORP., 

222  N.  WATER  ST„  ELMIRA 
FAESY  &  BESTHOFF,  INC., 

22  E.  40th  ST.,  NEW  YORK 


PLANTS  FOR  SALE 


VEGETABLE  PLANTS:  150  £eaI!n.th,s 

CABBAGE:  Copenhagen  Market,  Goldenacre,  Flatduteh, 
Ballhead  and  Marion  Market  (All  seasons  Yellows  Re¬ 
sistant)  Prices:  500,  $1.25:  1000.  $2.00  prepaid;  10,000, 
$12.50  expressed  collect.  TOMATO:  Rutgers,  Marglobe, 
Stokesdale,  Master  Marglobe,  llonnybest.  Prices:  $2.00 
per  1000.  Sweetpotato  Plants:  Portorico,  Nancyhall, 
Cuban  Yanis  $2.00.  1000.  Pepper:  California  Wonder, 
Rubyking,  $3.50.  1000.  We  use  CERTIFIED  (treated) 
seeds,  cultivate  our  plants  in  rows  and  grade  them  be¬ 
fore  packing.  The  difference  you  pay  for  quality  plants 
will  be  more  than  regained  hy  increased  crop  produc¬ 
tion.  Our  30  years  experience  is  at  your  service.  De¬ 
scriptive  Mst  free. 

I.  P.  COUNCILL  CO..  FRANKLIN,  VIRGINIA. 


Write  for  prices  on  Schroer’s  Better  Vegetable  Plants. 

Cabbage,  leading  varieties:  Onion,  Broccoli.  Certified 
Tomatoes:  Gulf  State  Market  (Pink),  Pritchard,  Bonny 
Best,  Stokesdale,  Marglobe,  Rutger,  Brimmer,  Ponder- 
osa,  John  Baer,  and  Baltimore.  Pepper:  Ruby  Giant, 
World  Beater,  California  Wonder,  Pimento,  red  Cay¬ 
enne  and  Hungarian  Yellow  Wax.  Black  Beauty  egg¬ 
plant.  Porto  Rico  Yam  sweet  potato. 

SCHROER  PLANT  FARMS,  VALDOSTA,  GEORGIA 


Get  earlier  larger  yields  from  your  Victory  Gardens. 

Plant  our  fieldgrosvn  vegetable  plants.  Wakefield.  Gol¬ 
denacre,  Copenhagen,  Marionmarket  cabbage,  $1.00 
thousand.  Y'ellow  and  wax  Bermuda  onions.  $1.50 
thousand.  Marglobe,  Rutger,  Pritchard.  Stokesdale. 
Baltimore  tomatoes,  Portorico,  Nancyhall  sweet  pota¬ 
toes  $2.00  thousand.  Rubyking,  California  Wonder. 
Hungarian  pepper.  Blackbeauty  and  Highbush  egg  plants 
$2.25  thousand.  Shipped  C.O.D.  Mail  or  express  collect. 
OMEGA  PLANT  FARMS,  OMEGA,  GEORGIA 


Quality  Fieldgrown  Plants.  Tomato,  cabbage,  onion, 
beet,  75C-300,  $1.00-500,  $1.50-1000.  Pepper,  eggplant, 
broccoli,  $1.00-250,  $1.50-500,  $2.50-1000.  Collect. 

COLONIAL  PLANT  FARM,  REBECCA,  GEORGIA. 


2,000.000  SWEET  POTATO  PLANTS:  Nancy  Hall. 
Maryland  Golden  and  Big  Stem  $2.00  per  1000  prepaid, 
parcel  post.  9  kinds  of  Cannas,  $1.90,  100.  Express 
here.  C.  E.  BROWN,  BRIDGEVILLE,  DELAWARE. 


CERTIFIED  TOMATO  PLANTS.  Marglobe.  Bonnie. 
Rutger,  Pritchard,  Baltimore,  $1.60-1000:  $1.00-509. 

California  Wonder  Peppers,  $1.75-1,000:  Cabbage.  75c- 
1,000.  Prompt  shipment.  Sims  Plant  Co.,  Pembroke,  Ga. 


NIAGARA  FALLS 
INVITES  YOU  ! 

For  a  vacation  trip  —  or  enroute 

to  Canada - plan  to  spend  a  few 

days  in  the  wonderland  of  Am¬ 
erica. 

Your  stay  will  be  made  more 
pleasant  by  the  splendid  appoint¬ 
ments  of  Hotel  Niagara,  a  com¬ 
munity  owned  and  operated  hotel 
located  right  in 
the  heart  of 
everything. 

Write  for  Folder 
and  Rates. 


HOTEL 


1  •  *  *• 


KlAGARAfij^M 

Langford  H.  Vanderslice,  Mgr. 
NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 


SpAtiuj,  Gh&p,  cJii+ttk 


WEED  CONTROL 

“Several  years  ago  I  learned  a  lesson 
about  weed  control.  At  the  last  fitting 
of  a  field,  there  was  a  spot  where  the 
truck  had  packed  the  dirt  down  pretty 
solidly.  Thinking  that  it  should  be 
loosened,  I  set  the  drag  down  to  the 
last  notch  just  before  I  planted  the 
beans.  The  rest  of  the  field  was  pretty 
free  of  weeds,  but  the  strip  where  I 
harrowed  deep  just  before  I  planted 
had  a  wonderful  crop  of  pig  weed. 

“Since  that  time,  I  follow  this  prac¬ 
tice  :  I  harrow  a  field  several  times 
before  I  plant  a  crop.  I  start  the  har¬ 
row  deep,  and  every  time  I  go  over  it, 

I  raise  the  teeth  a  little  so  that  the 
last  harrowing  is  rather  shallow. 

“I  figure  it  out  this  way.  Weed 
seeds  that  are  in  the  ground  to  a  depth 
of  several  inches  do  not  sprout.  If 
you  harrow  deep  just  before  you  plant, 
you  bring  the  seeds  up  to  the  surface 
where  conditions  are  favorable  for 
germination. 

“This  bit  of  practical  experience  has 
been  a  great  help  to  me  in  controlling 
weeds  in  cultivated  crops." — R.  S. 

(Editor's  Note:  This  is  an  experience 
that  is  worth  money.  There  is  no  ques¬ 
tion  but  that  harrowing  several  times 
before  a  crop  is  planted  kills  a  lot  of 
weeds  that  have  germinated.  Making 
each  harrowing  shallower  than  the  previ¬ 
ous  one  not  only  kills  the  weeds  that  lie 
close  to  the  surface,  and  therefore  have 
sprouted,  but  others  are  left  in  the  soil 
at  depths  so  great  that  they  will  not 
sprout  during  that  season.) 

— a.  a. — 

ASPARAGUS 

If  a  crop  of  asparagus  could  be  har¬ 
vested  the  same  year  it  is  set  out, 
there  is  no  question  but  that  it  would 
be  more  common  in  farm  gardens. 
Even  so,  it  is  one  of  the  earliest  and 
best  vegetables.  Why  not  try  it?  You 
can  set  out  asparagus  by  digging  a 
trench  nine  inches  deep  and  putting 
the  plants  in  the  soil  at  that  depth. 
As  the  plants  grow,  the  trench  is  filled. 

Once  started,  asparagus  is  hardy, 
and  about  all  the  care  it  needs  is  ad¬ 
dition  of  manure,  or  fertilizer,  or  both, 
and  cultivation  enough  to  keep  the 
weeds  out.  If  you  set  out  100  plants 
now,  you  can  get  a  small  crop  in  the 
spring  of  1944  and  a  full  crop  there¬ 
after  for  from  15  to  20  years. 

— a.  a. — 

LIME  FOR  FLEA  REETLES 

Potato  flea  beetles  (those  little  black 
insects  that  eat  holes  in  the  vines) 
cause  serious  losses  and  are  hard  to 
control.  In  the  past,  Bordeaux  Mixture 
has  been  advised  as  a  repellent,  but 
results  were  by  no  means  perfect.  Re¬ 
cently  it  has  been  found  that  Bordeaux 
containing  a  high  content  of  lime  is 
much  more  effective.  It  is  recom¬ 
mended,  therefore,  that  where  potato 
flea  beetles  are  serious,  from  4  to  6 
lbs.  of  hydrated  lime  be  used  per  each 
50  gals,  of  Bordeaux  Mixture. 

— a.  a. — 


tional  precaution  is  to  treat  the  seed 
with  half  a  teaspoon  of  red  copper 
oxide  powder  for  each  pound  of  seed. 
The  seed  and  dust  can  be  put  in  a  tight 
can  and  shaken  for  about  5  minutes. 
This  treatment  prevents  seed  decay 
and  damping  off. 

As  a  protection  against  cucumber 
beetles  and  blight,  the  plants  can  be 
dusted  each  week  with  the  following 
dust:  6  lbs.  of  red  copper  oxide;  10  lbs. 
of  calcium  arsenate;  10  lbs.  of  flour; 
and  74  lbs.  of  talc. 

— a.  a. — 

SWEET  CORN  TIPS 

To  get  best  results  from  sweet  corn 
in  the  garden,  plant  three  or  four 
shorter  adjacent  rows  rather  than  one 
or  two  long  rows.  Pollination  will  be 
much  better. 

To  spread  out  the  sweet  corn  season, 
you  can  plant  several  varieties  of  dif¬ 
ferent  maturing  dates  at  the  same 
time,  or  make  several  plantings  at  dif¬ 
ferent  times.  In  this  connection,  there 
is  on  the  market  a  mixture  of  several 
varieties  of  sweet  corn.  You  can  make 
one  planting  and  still  have  a  rather 
long  harvesting  season.  This  mixture 
is  not  recommended  for  commercial 
planting — only  for  the  home  garden. 

— a.  a. — 

HILLS  OR  LEVEL? 

Will  you  please  help  us  solve  an  argu¬ 
ment?  A  farmer,  whose  grandfather  was 
a  very  successful  farmer  on  Long  Island, 
claims  that  sweet  corn  (and  yes  toma¬ 
toes)  should  be  planted  in  hills.  And  yes, 
I  mean  hills, — he  hoes  up  a  little  mound 
of  earth  and  then  puts  in  the  corn  seed. 
He  does  practically  the  same  thing  set¬ 
ting  out  tomato  plants.  I  claim  that  if 
a  slight  depression  is  made  for  the  seeds 
or  plants  it  is  better  because  I  believe 
that  way  the  moisture  is  retained  better 
and  later  “hill  up”  as  the  plants  grow. 
Also  I  believe  they  are  less  liable  to  be 
blown  over  by  wind. 

We  are  afraid  you  have  started  an 
argument  that  we  cannot  settle.  Frank¬ 
ly,  there  is  a  difference  of  opinion  and 
both  sides  are  willing  to  argue  at 
some  length.  Personally,  we  think  that 
the  type  of  soil  has  a  lot  to  do  with  it. 
It  has  always  seemed  to  us  that  where 
the  soil  is  heavy  it  is  likely  to  be  more 
friable  where  crops  are  planted  in  hills. 
However,  experiments  at  the  State 
College  on  potatoes  show  pretty  defin¬ 
itely  that  level  culture  will  give  you 
the  best  results.  There  is  another 
element  here,  namely  that  potatoes  are 
usually  hilled  up  after  they  have  start¬ 
ed  growth  and  the  hilling  process  cuts 
off  a  lot  of  feed  roots  which  the 
plant  needs. 

Out  in  the  West  they  put  corn  in 
with  listers.  This  leaves  the  com  in 
sort  of  a  shallow  trench  and  then  as 
it  is  cultivated,  the  ground  is  pulled 
around  the  corn.  That  is  partly  a 
method  of  weed  control  but  it  is  a 
system  that  works  pretty  good  especi¬ 
ally  on  corn  and  tomatoes. 

To  sum  up,  if  we  were  entering  into 
such  an  argument  we  would  be  on  your 
side. 


CUCUMBER  AND 
MELON  TROUBLES 

Several  diseases  of  cucumbers  and 
melons  are  seed-borne  and  can  be  con¬ 
trolled  by  soaking  the  seed,  which  has 
been  tied  loosely  in  a  cheesecloth  bag, 
in  a  solution  made  by  dissolving  one 
corrosive  sublimate  tablet  in  one  pint 
of  water;  or  one  ounce  of  the  powder 
in  7y2  gallons  of  water.  The  seed  is 
soaked  for  5  minutes  and  rinsed  and 
dried;  or,  if  so  desired,  it  can  be 
planted  when  still  wet.  Corrosive 
sublimate  is  poisonous,  and  should  be 
used  only  in  wood,  glass  or  earthen¬ 
ware  containers. 

As  soon  as  the  seed  is  dry,  an  addi¬ 


— a. a. — 

QUALITY  AND 
EARLY  TAPPING 

“Yes,  I  have  seen  pine  sap  piles, 
back  before  the  Horse  and  Buggy  Days. 
And  I  have  always  argued  that  with 
perfectly  clean  utensils  and  fresh  tap¬ 
ped  trees  you  could  make  just  as  good 
syrup  the  last  of  the  season  as  the 
forepart.  But  I  never  was  able  to 
make  many  people  believe  it.” — C.  O. 
Fuller,  Norwich,  N.  Y. 

The  scientists  say  that  it  makes  no 
difference  whether  you  tap  early  or 
late,  the  first  run  will  always  be  high 
quality.  Bacteria  in  the  utensils  re¬ 
duce  the  quality  of  the  syrup. 


New  Idea 


GOOD  hay  will  help  to  answer  the 
nation's  need  for  more  meat  and 
dairy  products.  The  labor  scarcity- 
means  that  your  success  in  hay  mak¬ 
ing  now  depends  more  than  ever  upon 
machine  equipment.  NEW  IDEA  Hay¬ 
ing  Machines  combine  time  saving 
speed  with  features  specially  de¬ 
signed  to  preserve  hay  quality. 

Dependable  NEW  IDEA  Mowers  operate 
steadier,  lay  a  more  even  swath.  Windrows 
built  by  NEW  IDEA  Rakes  promote  faster 
curing  with  better  retention  of  color. 
NEW  IDEA  Loaders  pick  up  cleanly,  build 
big  loads  speedily  and  easily.  See  your 
dealer,  or  write  NEW  IDEA,  Inc..  Dept.  773 
Coldwater,  Ohio. 


N  EW  Idea,  Inc.,  Factories, 
COLDWATER,  O.  —  SANDWICH,  ILL. 


STANLEY’S 

CROW 

REPELLENT 


PROTECTS  YOUR 
SEED  CORN 

from  Crows,  Pheasants,  Blackbirds, 
Larks,  and  all  other  corn-pulling  birds 


(1  Quart) enough  7*1 

for  4  bushels  seed  T  *  •  •  " 

(1  pint)  Enough  I  AO 
for  2  bushels  seed 

(2  pint)  Enough  cn 

for  1  bushel  seed 

If  your  hardware,  drug  or 
seed  store  does  not  have  it 
in  stock,  order  direct. 
“Money-Back”  guarantee. 


rfSKSife 


Manufactured  Only  By 

Cedar  Hill  Formulae  Co. 

Box  1129-M,  New  Britain,  Conn. 


/Nq,  fnt  not  ^ 
Head,  but  what 
1  if  that  stuff? 


let*  bet  him  out) 

kof  this  quick/  1C  — r— 


IRIS 


five  varieties  Red  Toned,  including  Red 
Flare,  thirty  cents.  Chrysanthemums. 


twelve  varieties  including  Lavender  Lady,  one  dollar. 


Plants  labeled  and  postpaid.  Flower  Stories.  Free. 

A.  B.  KATK AM IER,  ^ey°o°rnk 


It’s  the  only  way  that  insures  sanity  and  security  in  a  warring  world! 


THE  wars  and  class  struggles  that  disturb 
the  world  today  are  nothing  new.  They 
have  always  come  when  mankind  has 
turned  from  the  simplicity  and  sanity  of  the 
FARM  WAY  OF  LIFE  to  the  riches  and  corrup¬ 
tion  of  the  city. 

The  Bible  tells  us  that  Abraham,  the  farmer, 
stayed  in  the  hills  and  was  safe.  But  Lot,  his 
nephew,  sought  out  the  valley  of  the  wicked 
cities  and  was  forced  to  flee.  His  wife  was  turned 
into  a  pillar  of  salt  just  for  looking  back. 

For  the  dependence  and  dog-eat-dog  compe¬ 
tition  of  the  cities  makes  men  greedy,  grasping, 
cruel  and  conscienceless  .  .  .  plunderers  and 
exploiters  of  their  fellow  men  with  no  thought 
save  for  the  almighty  dollar. 


But  the  security  and  neighborliness  of  the  farm 
.  .  .  the  fearless  independence  of  farm  men  .  .  * 
their  wholesome  respect  for  others  .  .  .  and  their 
hard  manual  labor  ...  all  steadies  their  minds, 
strengthens  their  morals  and  brings  them  closer 
to  God. 

Farming  is  a  WAY  OF  LIFE  as  well  as  a  way  of 
making  a  living.  It  means  independent  thinking 
and  action  .  .  .  individual  freedom  .  .  .  ownership 
of  the  land  ...  a  permanent  address  .  .  .  and  a 
solid,  responsible  outlook  on  life. 

The  FARM  WAY  is  not  the  city  way  and  never 
will  be.  To  insure  farm  peace  and  a  security 
against  ruthlessness  and  corruption,  we  farmers 
must  look  to  the  farm  for  our  leadership  and 
strength.  We  must  look  to  men  who  know  the 
needs  of  the  farm  and  the  ways  of  its  seasons, 
weather,  animals  and  fields. 


Believe 


By  standing  together  in  our  farm  cooperatives,  we  are  strong 
enough  to  defy  the  city  schemers  who  would  rob  us  of  our 
independence,  our  security  and  our  LIVING  PRICE  FOR  MILK, 
By  realizing  that  cities  and  city  leaders  rise  and  fall,  but  the 
farm  always  survives,  we  will  see  our  way  more  clearly.  It 
is  a  straight  and  simple  way,  the  FARM  WAY.  And  only  by 
defending  the  FARM  WAY  against  all  comers  will  we  insure  peace 
and  prosperity  for  ourselves,  permanence  for  our  kind,  and 
national  strength  for  our  country. 


Published  by  THE  THOUSANDS  OF  FARMERS  WHO  OWN,  OPERATE  AND  CONTROL  THE  DAIRYMEN'S  LEAGUE 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  9,  1942 


13  (291) 


How  Do  Yon  Feed 
Your  HENS  i  s,g.  G.  Jiuttasi 


J.  C.  Huttar 


FOR  AT  LEAST  fifteen  years,  I’ve 
been  saying  that  there  is  only  one 
right  way  to  feed  chicks,  layers  or 
breeders.  To  raise  good  pullets  I  said 
you’d  have  to  feed  mash  only  for  the 
first  six  weeks  and  then  mash,  togeth¬ 
er  with  an  equal  amount  of  scratch 

feed  the  rest  of 
the  way.  In  feed¬ 
ing  layers  and 
breeders  you  had 
to  keep  mash  be¬ 
fore  them  all  the 
time  and  give  them 
scratch  night  and 
morning  so  that 
they  ate  mash  and 
scratch  on  about  a 
50-50  basis.  A  lit¬ 
tle  more  scratch 
in  winter  and  a  lit¬ 
tle  less  in  summer. 

Sounds  familiar, 
doesn’t  it?  I  think 
a  lot  of  my  read¬ 
ers  will  still  say 
that  these  instructions  represent  the 
only  right  way  to  feed  chicks,  layers 
and  breeders. 

I  don’t  say  it  any  more.  Too  many 
of  my  friends  and  acquaintances,  who 
have  made  a  good  living  out  of  the 
chicken  business  for  the  last  15  or  20 
years,'  are  taking  detours  and  short¬ 
cuts  in  and  around  these  systems. 

And  just  to  complete  the  bombard¬ 
ment  at  my  old  feeding  position  even 
the  college  experiment  stations  are 
coming  out  with  information  on  ex¬ 
periments  and  surveys  which  show  oth¬ 
er  systems  as  pretty  good. 

It’s  Not  the  System 
A  few  of  the  systems  which  I  have 
seen  used  on  successful  poultry  farms 
for  several  years  are  the  following: 
(and  I’ll  say  I’m  satisfied  that  they 
have  worked  well  on  the  farms  where 
they  are  used). 

RAISING  CHICKS: 

1.  Chick  grain  and  chick  grit  and  no 
mash  for  the  first  two  days;  then  mash 
alone  for  4  to  6  weeks.  After  that, 
mash  and  scratch. 

2.  With  a  succulent  green  clover  range, 
mash  enough  to  last  only  until  noon, 
scratch  in  hoppers  before  the  birds  at 
all  times.  This  only  after  birds  are 
old  enough  to  range. 

3.  After  birds  are  old  enough  to  range 
and  again  with  good  green  pasturage, 
corn  and  oats  in  hoppers;  no  mash  but 
1  pound  of  semi-solid  buttermilk  per 
100  birds  per  day. 

LAYERS  AND  BREEDERS: 

1 .  Using  a  20%  protein  mash,  putting 
both  scratch  and  mash  in  hoppers,  and 
letting  the  birds  decide  how  much  of 
each  they  want. 

2.  Again  using  a  20%  protein  mash 
and  free  choice  of  grain  and  mash  but 
separating  the  two  or  three  different 
grains  and  letting  the  birds  take  as 
much  of  each  as  they  want. 


j ve  talked  eggs,  dreamed  eggs,  and 
yrJf1  e9gs  until  I’m  beginning  to  feel 
we  maybe  I’m  little  cracked!” 


3.  On  a  few  farms  in  several  experi¬ 
ment  stations,  this  radical  system  has 
given  as  good  or  better  results  than 
any  other:  Using  a  34-40%  protein 
mash  plus  free  choice  of  two  or  more 
grains.  In  this  system  the  birds  eat 
two  or  three  times  as  much  scratch 
as  mash. 

At  least  three  good  poultrymen  have 
told  me  that  they  change  the  mash 
mixture  every  month  or  so  because 
their  birds  do  better  when  they  get  a 
little  variety. 

A  Few  Figures 

Prof.  C.  S.  Platt  and  Vincent  Durago 
of  the  New  Jersey  Agricultural  Ex¬ 
periment  Station  report  two  years’  re¬ 
sults  on  free  choiee  feeding  of  the  ex¬ 
periment  station  flock.  The  birds  av¬ 
eraged  192  eggs  each  for  the  year  with 
no  culling  and  the  feed  eaten  per  dozen 
eggs  produced  was  1.5  lbs.  of  mash, 
1.5  lbs.  of  corn,  and  2.2  lbs.  of  oats. 
The  total  5.2  lbs.  of  feed  per  dozen. 
The  mash  used  was  a  simple,  milkless, 
meatscrap  mash  containing  about  20% 
protein. 

Robertson,  Carver,  and  Cook  of  the 
Washington  Agricultural  Experiment 
Station  report  in  Bulletin  381  on  36 
weeks  of  production.  They  compared 
5  different  feeding  systems: 

1.  All  mash. 

2.  Mash  plus  restricted  grain  in  the 
litter. 

3.  Mash  plus  restricted  grain  in  the 
hoppers. 

4.  Same  as  2,  plus  pellets  at  noon. 

5.  Free  choice  of  40%  protein  mash 
plus  corn,  wheat  and  oats  in  separ¬ 
ate  hoppers. 

System  No.  5  gave  best  results  and 
No.  1  the  poorest.  Incidentally  the  No. 
5  hens  ate  4  parts  of  grains  to  1  of 
mash. 

Free  Choice 

A  recent  Cornell  report  on  a  Central 
New  York  commercial  poultry  flock 
gives  this  information:  The  900  or  so 
birds  in  this  flock  are  on  a  free  choice 
grain  and  mash  system.  The  mash 
used  is  a  20%  protein  meatscrap  mash 
without  milk. 

For  the  first  9  months  they  have 
averaged  140  eggs  per  bird  or  51% 
production.  To  do  this  they  have  eaten 
a  little  over  18  tons  of  scratch  grains 
and  a  little  under  10  tons  of  mash. 
They  ate  6%  lbs.  of  grain  and  mash 
for  each  dozen  eggs  they  produced. 

All  feed  was  bought  for  this  flock. 
It  cost  $1293.53,  or  a  little  over  14 
cents  for  each  dozen  eggs  laid.  The 
eggs  and  poultry  sold  in  these  9  months 
netted  $3066.78. 

As  a  result  of  all  this  I  have 
straightened  my  defense  line  and  I 
now  believe  that  any  system  of  feed¬ 
ing  is  good  that  will  do  three  things: 

1.  Give  every  bird  enough  to  eat. 

2.  Give  each  bird  enough  choice  so 
that  she  can  balance  her  ration  ac¬ 
cording  to  whether  she’s  growing 
or  not  and  whether  she’s  laying  7 
eggs  a  week  or  2. 

3.  The  feed  must  contain  enough  pro¬ 
tein,  minerals  and  vitamins  so  that, 
if  the  first  two  requirements  are 
satisfied,  each  bird  can  support  any 

production  level  and  be  healthy. 

/ 

*  *  * 

THE  EGG  PICTURE 
AT  A  GUAAUE 

Production  in  the  first  three  months 
of  1942  has  broken  all  existing  records. 
The  government  continues  to  absorb 
the  surplus  and  is  drying  it  for  ship¬ 
ments  out  of  the  country. 

Hatching  of  baby  chicks  is  still  run¬ 
ning  20-25%  heavier  than  last  year 
which  set  the  previous  high  record. 


Orders  for  late  chicks  are  not  as  heavy 
as  were  expected  but  may  still  de¬ 
velop. 

Total  storage  egg  holdings  for  the 
country  on  April  1,  were  65%  above 
the  average  for  that  date  in  the  last 
five  years. 

While  civilian  egg  consumption  is 
good,  there  would  be  a  heavy  surplus 
if  the  federal  government  quit  buying. 
There  is  no  indication  that  they  will. 

The  situation  is  not  weak  and  it  is 
not  strong. — J.  C.  Huttar. 

*  *  * 

MEAD  YOUR  FENCES 

As  a  director  of  the  Poultry  and  Egg 
National  Board,  I’d  like  to  make  a 
short  report. 

Homer  Huntington,  manager,  to¬ 
gether  with  his  small  staff,  are  con¬ 
tinuing  to  get  more  and  more  fre.e 


time  and  space  on  the  radio,  in  news¬ 
papers  and  magazines  and  in  cooking 
demonstrations  on  the  greater  uses  of 
poultry  and  eggs. 

Funds  are  not  forthcoming  as  yet 
to  dent  the  national  picture  very  deep¬ 
ly.  Many  branches  of  the  whole  poul¬ 
try  industry  are  doing  their  share. 
Some  are  not.  Producers,  except 
through  some  cooperative  marketing 
associations,  are  among  those  '  'ho  are 
not  giving  any  direct  help  to  the  work. 
On  at  least  two  occasions  in  this 
paper,  I  have  suggested  a  simple  and 
very  inexpensive  way  that  they  can  do 
their  part. 

If  you  still  want  to  know,  you  just 
need  to  write  to  the  wholesale  dealer 
who  handles  your  eggs  and  ask  him 
to  deduct  one-tenth  of  a  cent  per  case 
from  your  remittance  and  turn  it  over 
( Continued  on  Page  14) 


One  of  the  important 

Vs  for  VICTORY 

for  Poultrymen 

•  •  •  ■■I  Chicks  need  1500-1800  units  of  Vitamin  A  per  pound 
of  ration;  layers  require  up  to  2700  units.  The  growing  of  healthy 
and  vigorous  chicks  and  the  production  of  the  record  total  of 
eggs  asked  for  by  the  Government  to  meet  the  needs  of  war  cannot 
be  accomplished  unless  mashes  of  good  Vitamin  A  potency  are  fed. 

•  •  •  ■■  Not  many  ingredients  of  poultry  mashes  supply  Vita¬ 
min  A.  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL  is  one  that  does.  The  presence 
of  10%  of  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL  is  a  distinct  and  large  contri¬ 
bution  to  the  necessary  Vitamin  A  potency  of  a  poultry  ration. 

•  •  •  ■■  Because  of  its  content  of  xanthophyll,  CORN 
GLUTEN  MEAL  also  has  the  ability  to  produce  yellow  skin  color, 
an  important  market  factor  for  those  who  raise  broilers  or  turkeys. 

•  •  •  ■■  Be  sure  your  starting,  growing  and  laying  mashes 
contain  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL.  Look  for  it  on  the  list  of 
ingredients  on  the  tag  or  bag  of  the  mash  you  buy. 


CORN  PRODUCTS  SALES  CO. 
NEW  YORK  •  CHICAGO 

DISTRIBUTORS  OF 


DIAMOND 

OLDEST  AND  BIGGEST 
SELLING  BRAND  OF 


CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL 


(292)  14 


Ai  lencan  Agriculturist,  May  9,  1942 


1.  Checks  germ  growth  in  drinking 


water 

2.  Medicates  chick's  digestive  system 

•  Dr.  Salsbury's  double  duty  PHEN-O- 
SAL  is  non-oxidizing — stays  active 
longer!  Fights  baby  chick  bowel  trou¬ 
bles  (your  biggest  problem)  TWO  ways 
at  once! 


Do  as  large  flock  owners  do — use  Dr. 
Salsbury's  Phen-O-Sal  tablets  in  your 
chicks'  drinking  water  regularly!  Use 
in  any  container — even  metal!  Direc¬ 
tions  on  can. 


Buy  at  Dr.  Salsbury  dealers — hatcheries, 
drug  and  teed  stores — they  are  members 
of  Dr.  Salsbury's  Nation- 
Wide  Poultry  Health  Service! 

DR.  SALSBURY'S  LABORA¬ 
TORIES,  Charles  City,  Iowa. 

When  colds  threaten,  spray 
your  chicks  with  Dr.  Sals¬ 
bury's  CAN-PHO-SAL. 


_ TABLETS _ 

THE  DOUBLE  DUTY  DRINKING  WATER  MEDICINE  I 


Wonderful  Results 

Raising  Baby  Chicks 

Mrs.  Rhoades’  letter  will  no  doubt  be 
of  utmost  interest  to  poultry  raisers. 
Read  her  experience  in  her  own  words: 
“Dear  Sir :  I  think  I  must  be  one  of  the 
very  first  to  use  Walko  Tablets.  Some 
35  years  ago  when  I  started  raising 
chicks  I  saw  Walko  Tablets  advertised 
as  an  aid  in  preventing  the  spread  of 
disease  through  contaminated  drinking 
water.  I  tried  a  package  for  my  baby 
chicks  with  happiest  results.  I  have 
depended  upon  Walko  Tablets  ever 
since.” — Mrs.  Ethel  Rhoades,  Shenan¬ 
doah,  Iowa. 


You  Run  No  Risk 

Buy  a  package  of  Walko  Tablets  to¬ 
day  at  your  druggist  or  poultry  supply 
dealer.  Use  them  in  the  drinking  water 
to  aid  in  preventing  the  spread  of 
disease  through  contaminated  water. 
Satisfy  yourself  as  have  thousands  of 
others  who  depend  upon  Walko  Tablets 
year  after  year  in  raising  their  baby 
chicks.  You  buy  Walko  Tablets  at  our 
risk.  We  guarantee  to  refund  your 
money  promptly  if  you  are  not  entire¬ 
ly  satisfied  with  results.  The  Waterloo 
Savings  Bank,  the  oldest  and  strongest 
bank  in  Waterloo,  Iowa,  stands  back 
of  our  guarantee.  Sent  direct  postpaid 
if  your  dealer  cannot  supply  you.  Price 
50c  and  $1.00;  breeders  sizes  $2.50  and 
$4.00. 

Walker  Remedy  Company 
Dept.  402,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 


VVITH^  WENE  ucUkoVACCINES 

-Why  risk  loss  of  your  flock  and  egg 
i  income?  VACCINATE  at  proper 
,  age  with  Wene  Chick  Embryo  Origin 
Vaccines  (U.  S.  Veterinary  License 
No.  209).  Fowl  Tracheitis  Vaccine: 

100  doses,  $2.50;  500  doses,  $10. 

Fowl  Pox  Vaccine:  100  doses,  75c;  500  doses,  $3.  . 
BOOK  on  poultry  diseases  —  send  postcard.  Attractive 
proposition  for  dealers. 

Wene  Poultry  Laboratories,  Dept.  V-E4,  Vineland,  N.  J. 


-it-with 

Breed  s-q-u-a-b-s  to  make  money. 

Top  poultry  prices.  Why  breed 
for  smaller  profit  trade?  Squabs  marketed  when  only 
25  days  old.  City  marketmen  whose  names  we  give  you 
want  all  you  can  ship.  FREE  BOOK.  Write  today 
fo-  it  anrl  our  low  prices. 

RICE  FARM,  206  FI.  St.,  MELROSE,  MASS. 


( Continued  from  Page  13) 

to  the  treasurer  of  the  Board. 

We’re  going  to  need  the  Board  badly 
when  the  war  is  over.  We  need  to 
build  greater  consumer  demand. 

Many  chain  and  independent  retail 
stores  are  all  set  to  boost  eggs  in  a 
10-day  drive  beginning  April  30.  This 
drive  is  called  the  Springtime  Egg 
Festival  and  is  sponsored  and  financi¬ 
ally  backed  by  the  International  Baby 
Chick  Association.  •* 

In  previous  years  actual  records 
show  that  total  egg  sales  made  big 
jumps  during  the  Springtime  Egg 
Festival. 

If  we  can  keep  people  eating  more 
and  more  eggs,  they’ll  be  healthier  and 
we  won’t  appear  to  have  such  an  awful 
surplus  of  hens  when  the  war  is  over. 

Now’s  the  time  to  mend  the  fences. 

— J.  C.  Huttar 

— A.  A.— 

CHANGES 

The  government  order  “no  tires  for 
retailing”  is  greatly  changing  our  poul¬ 
try  industry.  Sixty-five  per  cent  of 
the  eggs  and  poultry  produced  in  Essex 
and  Middlesex  counties  in  Massachu¬ 
setts,  are  said  to  be  sold  at  retail,  and 
elsewhere  in  the  state  it  is  an  impor¬ 
tant  method  of  selling.  Extensive 
changes  are  ahead. 

Some  are  reorganizing  their  routes, 
dropping  distant  customers,  and  tak¬ 
ing  on  new  ones  nearby.  Some  are 
making  deliveries  every  second  week, 
and  some  have  given  up  routes  entire¬ 
ly.  Tires  on  hand  are  being  budgeted 
for  the  duration.  Roadside  stand  op¬ 
erators  are  also  affected  and  expect 
to  do  about  50  per  cent  of  their  normal 
business  this  summer. 

Poultrymen  feel  that  now  is  the  time 
to  make  adjustments.  Giving  up  re¬ 
tailing  may  mean  keeping  more  hens 
to  provide  a  family  living.  It  may 
mean  securing  a  part-time  job  or  it 
may  mean  going  out  of  the  business 
and  into  some  kind  of  defense  work 
for  the  duration.  It  is  being  accepted 
as  a  necessity,  and  poultrymen  are 
making  the  best  of  it. — G.  T.  Klein, 
Poultry  Department,  Massachusetts 
State  College  of  Agriculture. 

—  A.  A. — 

A  THEORY  ABOUT 
COCCIDIOSIS 

In  the  field  of  poultry  diseases  I  am 
a  rank  amateur.  I  want  to  make  clear 
that  what  I  am  about  to  say  is  just  a 
hunch  with  me.  I  doubt  if  I  could  find 
any  authority  who  would  support  the 
theory  without  reservation.  It  takes  a 
lot  of  evidence  to  prove  a  theory  and 
make  it  into  an  accepted  fact.  I  wish 
our  readers  would  keep  this  theory  in 
mind  this  spring  and  summer,  and  then 
send  me  any  additional  evidence  that 
might  help  to  prove  or  disprove  it. 

Here  is  the  theory  and  what  evidence 
I  already  have.  All  poultry  premises 
without  any  exception  are  infected  with 
the  oocysts  that  cause  coccidiosis,  but 
no  chick  will  take  the  disease  so  long 
as  the  chick  continues  to  make  a  nor¬ 
mal  uninterrupted  growth.  That  is  all 
there  is  to  the  theory,  but  it  means  a 
whole  lot.  Think  a  minute  about  the 
meaning  of  those  words,  “normal”  and 
“uninterrupted.” 

A  Personal  Experience 

Last  spring  Walter  Millard,  who  is 
one  of  my  neighbors,  had  ten  or  twelve 
brooder  houses  with  Leghorn  pullets 
started  in  January.  At  about  10  weeks 
of  age  Cecal  coccidiosis  suddenly  struck 
in  one  house,  killing  a  dozen  or  more 
birds  almost  overnight.  The  sulfur 
treatment  and  a  thorough  cleaning  rec¬ 
ommended  by  the  Veterinary  College 
quickly  brought  them  out  of  it.  But 
why  did  coccidiosis  appear  in  this  one 
house  and  in  none  of  the  others.  A 
check-up  revealed  that  in  this  one 
house  the  oil  brooder  had  gone  hay¬ 
wire  a  few  days  before  and  the  pullets 
had  been  badly  overheated.  That  could 


have  been  responsible  for  an  interrup¬ 
tion  of  normal  growth,  and  a  tempor¬ 
ary  lowering  of  resistance. 

Many  years  ago  when  the  first  stud¬ 
ies  were  made  at  Cornell  of  the  vita¬ 
min  needs  of  chicks  one  pen  that  had 
codliver  oil,  milk  and  green  alfalfa  in 
their  ration  outgrew  8  or  10  other  lots 
that  were  on  deficient  rations.  Only 
wire  partitions  separated  the  different 
lots,  yet  when  cecal  coccidiosis  struck 
it  was  only  in  the  pens  on  the  deficient 
diets  that  high  mortality  occurred.  The 
well-fed,  rapidly-growing  chicks  came 
through  unscathed. 

Professor  Knandel  has  reported  a 
similar  experience  at  the  Pennsylvania 
State  College.  Coccidiosis  is  often  asso¬ 
ciated  with  damp  and  dirty  brooding 
pens.  We  are  told  that  such  conditions 
encourage  the  development  of  massive 
dosages  of  oocysts,  and  no  doubt  that 
is  true.  However,  damp  brooder  houses 
usually  are  poorly  ventilated  houses.  I 
am  wondering  if  a  chronic  lack  of  fresh 
air  may  not  interrupt  the  normal 
growth  of  the  chicks  and  make  them 
easy  victims. 

Will  readers  please  watch  to  see  if 
outbreaks  of  coccidiosis  this  season 
may  not  be  preceded  by  irregular 
( Continued  on  opposite  page ) 

|  ,  WGY  Farm  j 

I  PROGRAMS  j 

Daily  except  Sunday,  12:30  p.  m.  Weath¬ 
er  Report. 

Daily  texcept  Sunday,  12:31  p.  m.,  N.  Y. 
State  Wholesale  Produce  Markets. 

Daily  exc.  Sat.  and  Sun.,  6:10  p.  m.,  N. 
Y.  City  Wholesale  Produce  Market. 

Monday  only,  12:34  p.  m.,  Metropolitan 
Milk  Market  Report. 

This  schedule  subject  to  change  without 
notice. 

Monday,  May  11th 

12:35 — “How  Cooperation  Pays  Divi¬ 
dends,”  Dr.  Whiton  Powell. 

12:45 — Parents  on  Trial,  “Why  Prepare 
for  College  or  Go  to  College?”  Dr.  Wil¬ 
liam  H.  Hartley. 

Tuesday,  May  12th 

12:35 — Dr.  Allen  A.  Stockdale,  National 
Association  of  Manufacturers. 

12:45 — Homemaker's  Council,  “Is  Food 
Waste  a  Really  Serious  Matter?”  Dela¬ 
ware  County  Home  Bureau. 

Wednesday,  May  13th 

12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“The  Farmer’s  Partner  in  Wartime,”  Ed 
W.  Mitchell. 

12:45 — Countryside  Talk,  Ray  F.  Pol¬ 
lard. 

Thursday,  May  14th 

12:35 — “Variety  in  the  Farm  Business,” 
J.  A.  McKee. 

Friday,  May  15th 

12:35 — “Crop  Prospects,”  Dr.  R.  L.  Gil- 
lett. 

12:45 — The  Home  Efficient,  “Corditis,” 
E.  J.  West. 

Saturday,  May  16th 

12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “I  Believe 
in  the  Work  of  the  Church,”  Mass.  State 
4-H  Club  Office. 

12:45 — Grange  Views  and  News,  “The 
Selfishness  of  Statesmen,”  Saratoga  Po¬ 
mona  Grange. 

3Ionday,  May  18th 

12:35 — “Good  Eggs  Sell  Themselves,” 
Prof.  Li.  M.  Hurd. 

12:45 — “Rural  Education  in  the  News,” 
Francis  E.  Griffin. 

Tuesday,  May  19th 

12:35 — “The  Agricultural  Front,”  A.  W. 
Manchester. 

12:45 — Homemaker’s  Council,  “To  Can 
or  Not  to  Can?”  Chenango  County  Home 
Bureau. 

Wednesday,  May  20th 

12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“The  Farmer’s  Partner  in  Wartime,”  Ed 
W.  Mitchell. 

12:45 — Countryside  Talk,  Prof.  Bristow 
Adams. 

Thursday,  May  21st 

12  :35— ‘ ‘Planting  Next  Winter’s  Food,” 
C.  C.  Du  Mond,  Jr. 

Friday,  May  22nd 

12:35 — “Farm  Produce  Prices  and  Why,” 
H.  D.  Phillips. 

12:45— The  Home  Efficient,  “A  Treat¬ 
ment  for  Heating  Devices,”  A.  J.  Van 
Schoick. 

Saturday,  May  23rd 

12:35 — WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  "I  Believe 
in  a  Better  Family  Spirit,  Fulton  Coun¬ 
ty  (N.  Y.)  4-H  Clubs. 

12:45 — Grange  Views  and  News,  “What 
Agricultural  Producers  Are  Doing  to 
Help,”  Vermont  State  Grange. 


Baby  ^  Chicks 


What  do  you  want 
in  a  chick? 


•  LOW  modality,  quick,  even  growth,  high 
egg  production — these  features  so  outstand¬ 
ing  in  Kerr's  Lively  Chicks  bring  bigger 
profits  in  shorter  time.  For  34  years  Kerr 
Chickeries  has  bred  chicks  helped  by  lat¬ 
est  breeding  knowledge.  120,000  breeders 
blood-tested  annually  by  the  slow^tube 
agglutination  method.  240-acre 
breeding  farm.  All  popular 
breeds,  crosses  and  sexed 
White  Leghorns.  Write  today 
for  free  literature  and  advance 
order  discount  offer. 

KERR  CHICKERIES 

21  RAILROAD  AYE.,  FRENCHTOWN,  N.  J. 
There’s  a  branch  office  near  you— call  today 

NEW  JERSEY:  Jamesburg,  Paterson,  Woodbury; 
NEW  YORK:  Binghamton,  Blue  Point,  L.  I.,  East 
Syracuse.  Kingston,  Middletown,  Schenectady: 
PENNSYLVANIA:  Dunmore,  Lancaster,  Lewistown; 
MASS.:  West  Springfield:  CONN.:  Danbury;  DEL- 


WKITE«0CK 


■  cssjio.  a> 

H.SA 


t 


EGGS  FOR 
HATCHING . 

Special  Price  on  LARGE  ORDERS 

All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100% 
State  Tested  (I5WD  free).  Tube  Asglut.  TOL- 
MAN’S  CHICKS  famous  for  RAPID  GROWTH. 
EARLY  MATURITY,  Profitable  EGG  YIELD, 
Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters  or 
market  eggs.  Send  for  FREE  Circular. 
f  Y  J  _TYT1  J  SPECIALIZE  ONE  BREED.  ONE 
GRADE  at  ONE  PRICE. 

"  - -  Dopt.  B. 

ROCKLAND 

MASS. 


TOLMAH 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


Hatches  Mon.-Tues. -Wed.-Thurs.  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ $9.00  $16.00  $1.50 

Black  or  White  Minoreas _  9.00  16.00  2.00 

B.  &  W.  Box,  R.  I.  Reds,  W.  Wy.  9.00  12.00  6.00 

Red-Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross—  9'.00  12.00  8.00 

Jersey  White  Giants _ 11.00  14.00  10.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAA  SUP.), 12.00  16.00  8.00 

Heavv  Mixed  $8.  HEAVY  BROILER  CKLS.  (OUR 
SELECTION)  $7.00.  Breeders  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D. 
100%  live  del.  Postage  Paid.  AMERICAN  SEXORS 
ONLY.  95%  Accuracy. 

C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


SHIRK’S  QUALITY  CHICKS 

From  Blood  Tested  Breeders.  Electric  Hatched. 
PULLETS  GUARANTEED  95%  Unsex.  Pul’ts  Ckls. 

Will  Ship  Cash  or  C  O. D.  100  100  100 

Large  Type  White  Leghorns - $9.50  $17.00  $2.00 

Bar.  &  Wh.  Rocks.  R.  I.  Reds _ 10.00  1  3.00  9.00 

Red-Rock  &  Rock-Red  Cross _ 10.00  13.00  9.00 

New  Hampshire  Reds  (Direct) - 12.00  17.00  9.00 

Heavv  Mixed  _  8.00  10.00  7.00 

We  specialize  in  one  grade  and  one  price  as  all  our 
breeders  are  bred  up  to  one  quality,  outstanding  size 
and  egg  production.  Order  direct  from  ad  or  write  for 
FREE  Catalog  giving  full  information  of  our  breeders 
and  hatchery.  All  chicks  shipped  prepaid.  Guar.  100% 
live  delivery.  Hatches  Tuesdays  and  Thursdays. 
SHIRK’S  HATCHERY, 

H.  C.  Shirk.  Prop.,  Box  AA,  Route  2,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


CAedteAs  yg/Ie^f  Cliix\ 


VI M-VIGOR-VITALITY 


C.O.D. 


Non-Sexed  Pullets  Ckls 


100 

$18.00 

16.00 

12.00 

13.00 

16.00 


1U0 


$2.00 

8.00 

8.00 

8.00 


’EC  I  AT,  MATING  HANSON  STR,  100 

C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS - $10.00 

,rge  English  S.  C.  Wh.  Leghorns  9.00 

ir.  &  Wh.  Rocks,  It.  I.  Reds -  9.00 

•d-Rock  Cross  &  Rock-Red  Cross  10.00 

jw  Hampshire  Reds  Special  AAA  12.00  - 

>avv  Mixed  $8.-100.  Heavy  Broiler  Ckls.  (our  selec- 
in)  $7.-100.  All  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Post-Paid, 
xing  guaranteed  95%  accurate.  Order  direct  from 
v.  or  write  for  FREE  actual  photo  catalog  giving  full 
formation  of  our  Breeders  and  Breeding  Program 
lester  Valley  Hatchery,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  ra. 


Shelter  berger’s  S.  C.  White  Leghorns 

Heavy  producers  of  large  White  eggs. 

Sired  Chicks— Sexed  Pullets.  95%  Sex  OuaranUe 
-Day  Old  Cockerels.  Write  for  prices  and  Catalog. 
C.  M.  SHELLENBERGER’S  POULTRY  FARM 
iox  37.  Richfield,  Pa. 


■■——■PRICES  SMASHED 

SUNNY  SLOPE  CHICKS 

PER 
100 


6. 


W.  Leg.,  w.  &  Bar.  Rocks,  W.  Wyand.  <R 
R  |.  &  N.  Hamp.  Reds,  Crosses.  I 

STRAIGHT  RUN  CHICKS  as  low  as  —  -  , 

IVe  specialize  in  sexing.  Write  for  prices  an 
Catalog.  We  pay  all  shipping  charges. 

sunny  Slope  Hatchery,  Box  A,  Thompsontown.  ra. 


AY  OLD  AND  STARTED  CHICKS.  Blondtesttd 
feeders.  Write  for  our  1942  prices.  Prompt  sWpm^ 

0SELAWN  CHICK  FARM,  Box  A,  McAlisteivilU,  Pa- 


Ai  ierican  Agriculturist,  May  9,  1942 


15  (  293) 


OUR  GUARANTEE.  You  need  have  no  hesitation  in  sending  money  to  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  baby  chick  advertisers.  If  they  fail  to  send  the  chicks  to  you, 
your  money  will  be  refunded.  We  require  every  advertiser  to  stand  back  of  statements  made  in  the  advertisement.  Obviously  no  one  can  guarantee  that  chicks  will 
live.  To  take  advantage  of  our  guarantee  it  is  necessary,  when  writing  advertisers,  to  say,  "I  saw  your  advertisement  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST.” 


Mass.  State  Pullorum  Tested  Breeders 

Prices  on  May  Chicks  Sharply  Reduced. 

Yes  sir!  You  can  buy  Redbird  Farm  specialty-bred 
Chicks  for  a  lot  less  money,  starting  May  15th.  Think 
of  getting  specialty-farm  quality  Chicks,  hatched 
from  eggs  produced  on  our  own  300 -acre  farm  at  a 
big  saving  in  cost.  Now  is  the  time  to  order! 

98%  Livability  Guaranteed  First  4  Weeks 
on  Champion,  Grade  A  and  Grade  B  Matings 
RHODE  ISLAND  REDS  NEW  HAMPSHIRES 
WHITE  LEGHORNS  BARRED  PL.  ROCKS 
ROCK-RED  Barred  Cross  RED-ROCK  Sex-Link  Cross 
Sexing  Service.  Write  for  Catalog  and  Reduced  Prices 

REDBIRD  FARM,  Route  11,  WRENTHAM,  MASS. 

World’s  Largest  R.  I.  Red  Breeding  Farm. 


CHICKS 


% 


Average  78.8 
Hatchability 

■SEND  FOR  THIS 

The  High  Hatch- £ 
ability  of  Hall’s  -4 

_  Chicks  is  a  sure  p 

sign  of  that  “EXTRA  PEP”  O 
which  means  EXTRA  PROFIT  for  the  C* 
poultryman.  Chicks  that  hatch  well —  z 
LIVE  WELL  — GROW  WELL— LAY  O 
WELL  and  make  more  money  for  you.  >S 

SEND  FOR  FREE  CATALOG 

It  is  straight  forward  and  honest — 
contains  much  useful  information 
on  profitable  egg  production  with 
Hall's  Chicks.  Send  for  your  copy 
today. 

HALL  BROS.  HATCHERY.  Inc. 

Box  59, _  Wallingford,  Conn. 


WELL  BRED  from  WELL  BREEDERS 


U.S.  New  Jersey 
APPROVEO 

1,800,000  Egg 
Hatching  Capacity 
Hatches  Every 
Week  Year  Around 

CREDIT  given 
if  desired 


FREE  REPLACEMENT  GUARANTEE 

Insured  thru  first  14-Day  Danger  Period 
—  any  loss  replaced  FULLY  without 
charge.  More  2-to-5-yr.-old  HEN 
BREEDERS  headed  by  pedigreed  males 
from  200-300-Egg  R.  O.  P.  Hens  than 
any  other  Eastern  plant.  BLOOD- 
TESTED.  Leading  pure  or  crossbreeds. 
Write  for  FREE  LITERATURE,  BAR¬ 
GAIN  SUMMER  PRICES. 


WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  Dept.  E-4,  Vineland.  N.J. 


— Better,  livability 
growth,  feathering  —  heavier  produc¬ 
tion  —  greater  profits  with  Mold's 
New  Hampshires  and  Crossbreds. 

15.000  Pullorum  Clean  breeders 
on  our  own  farms.  Catalog  free. 

MOUL’S  Brentwood  POULTRY  FARMS 

BOX  A,  EXETER.  N.  H. 


and 

SEXED  PULLETS 

R.  O.  P  SIRED 

Leghorns  -  New  Hampshires 
Rocks  -  Reds  -  Crossbreds 


Hatched  from  Pullorum  Clean  Breeders 


Guarantee  Protects  You.  Early  Order  Discount. 

Write  for  Catalog  and  Prices.' 
TAYLOR’S  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  LIBERTY,  N.  Y. 


from  high  record  trapnestod, 
bloodtested  stock;  imported  and 
bred  this  strain  for  27  years.  Sex- 
ed  or  Unsexed  chicks.  Free  circular. 
DAVID  M.  HAMMOND, 

Rt.  3,  Cortland.  N.  Y. 


ENGLISH  WHITE  LEGHORN 

PULLETS 

4  weeks  old.  35c;  COCKERELS,  same  breed  and 
age,  10c.  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  REDS,  4  weeks  old 
(we  do  not  sex  these)  24c.  All  chicks  from  healthy, 
well  paying  flocks.  Shipped  by  express  collect. 

A  10%  deposit  books  order. 

FAIRVIEW  HATCHERY,  THERESA.  N.  Y. 


OHIPK^  C.  White  Leghorns,  New  Hampshires 
and  parre(i  Hocks,  10c;  Corni-Rocks,  12c: 
bexed  Leghorn  Pullets,  15c.  Guar.  95%,  All  State 
Blood  Tested  and  Supervised  Flocks.  Circular  FREE. 

E.  L.  BEAVER,  Box  A,  McALISTERVI  LLE.  PA. 


Say  you  saw  n  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


( Continued  from  opposite  page ) 
brooding  temperatures,  overcrowded 
quarters,  insufficient  water  supply,  the 
presence  of  red  mites,  or  round  worms, 
or  both,  unbalanced  rations  or  other 
unfavorable  conditions,  and  send  me  a 
report?—  L.  E.  W. 

— A.  a. — 

CAREFUL  VACCINATION 

The  Department  of  Veterinary  Sci¬ 
ence  of  the  Massachusetts  College  of 
Agriculture  reports  that  some  poultry 
flocks  vaccinated  last  summer  later  de¬ 
veloped  fowl  pox.  It  is  evident  that 
some  step  in  the  vaccination  process 
was  faulty  and  the  department  recom¬ 
mends  that  flock  owners  examine  vac¬ 
cinated  birds  8  to  10  days  after  vac¬ 
cination  to  see  if  a  proper  “take”  was 
sectired. 

When  vaccinating  flocks,  the  direc¬ 
tions  that  accompany  the  vaccine 
should  be  followed  and  the  package 
should  be  checked  to  see  that  the  ex¬ 
piration  date  has  not  passed. 

— a.  a. — 

FIGHT  LICE  AND  MITES 

Hot  weather,  plus  a  little  neglect, 
gives  red  mites  an  opportunity  to  get 
established  in  poultry  houses.  Usually 
a  good  painting  of  the  roost  with  some 
coal  tar  product  twice  a  year  will 
handle  them,  but  it  will  do  no  harm 
to  investigate  around  the  roosts  and 
if  any  sign  of  red  mites  is  seen,  give 
them  an  extra  treatment. 

An  occasional  poultryman  is  still  un¬ 
certain  of  the  exact  difference  between 
lice  and  mites.  Mites  live  around  the 
roost  in  the  day  time  and  crawl  on 
the  hens  at  night,  while  lice  live  on  the 
hens  all  the  time.  One  good  method  of 
controlling  lice  is  to  paint  the  top  of 
the  roost  with  a  tobacco  product.  This 
will  vaporize  while  the  hens  are  on 
the  roost  at  night  and  kill  the  lice. 

—a.  a. — 

Fruits  From  Blossoms 

( Continued  from  Page  3) 
cherries  often  do  not  overlap  in  season 
of  bloom  sufficiently  to  give  reliable 
results  and  Duke  cherries  are  reported 
to  be  only  partially  successful  in  pol¬ 
linating  sweets. 

Duke  cherries,  which  are  hybrids 
from  crosses  between  sweet  and  sour 
varieties,  are  self-unfruitful,  and  must 
be  cross-pollinated  to  insure  com¬ 
mercial  yields.  Both  the  sweet  and 
the  sour  cherries  are  usually  effective 
in  pollinating  Dukes  provided,  of 
course,  that  the  blooming  seasons  over¬ 
lap.  The  sour  cherries,  Early  Rich¬ 
mond  and  Montmorency,  for  example, 
usually  bloom  before  some  of  the  sweet 
varieties  such  as  Windsor. 

PLUMS. — Many  European  plums  are 
self-unfruitful.  Others  are  self-fruit¬ 
ful  to  varying  degrees  under  varying 
conditions.  Of  the  more  common  va¬ 
rieties,  the  following  require  cross¬ 
pollination  :  Arch  Duke,  Bradshaw, 
Grand  Duke,  Italian  Prune,  Imperial 
Epineuse,  Imperial  Gage,  Reine  Claude 
and  Washington. 

Most  of  the  Japanese  plums  are  self¬ 
unfruitful,  and  all  of  them  benefit 
from  cross-pollination. 

PEACHES.  —  Most  varieties  of 
peaches  are  self-fruitful.  Among  the 
relatively  few  which  have  poor  pollen 
and  hence  are  self-unfruitful  are  the 
following:  Candoka,  Hal-berta,  J.  H. 
Hale,  Mikado,  Pacemaker  and  Vimy. 

QUINCES. — All  varieties  are  self¬ 
fruitful. 


ri 

CLEAR  SPRING  CHICKS 

Lli 

32  years  Breeding  experience.  We  have  been  satisfying  a  steady  growing 

1  list  of  prosperous  poultrymen  for  years.  All  Breeders  Blood  Tested,  j 

1  1942  CATALOG  FREE.  1 

Slj 

PULLETS  95%  GUARANTEED— 100%  LIVE  DELIVERY.  STR  —100  PLTS 

LARGE  TYPE  ENGLISH  LEGHORNS _ _ _  $9.00 

OUR  FAMOUS  HANSON  LEGHORNS  _  10  00 

RED-FACED  BLACK  SPANISH  MINORCAS  _ _ _  10.00 

BARRED  AND  WHITE  ROCKS,  R.  I.  REDS— _ _  10.00 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  REDS  AND  RED-ROCK  CROSS _  11.00 

CLEAR  SPRING  HATCHERY.  F.  B.  LEISTER,  Prop.  BOX  51, 


100  CKLS.— 100 


.$  9.00 

$16.00 

$2.00 

.  10.00 

18.00 

2.00 

.  10.00 

17.00 

4.00 

.  10.00 

12.00 

9.00 

.  11.00 

14.00 

9.00 

McALISTERVI  LLE,  PA. 


JUNIATA 

LEGHORNS 


Our  28th  year  of  breeding  for  larger  and  better  LEG¬ 
HORNS.  Our  Breeders  are  Large  Birds,  Blood  Tested 
and  perfectly  healthy.  Write  for  our  large  circular  show¬ 
ing  actual  photos  of  our  Farm  and  Stock.  IT  IS  FREE. 
Day  old  Chicks  and  Pullets  can  be  furnished  on  short 

notlce’  Per  100  Unsexed  Pullets 

SPECIAL  HOLLYWOOD  M  ATI  NGS__$8.50  $16.00 
LARGE  TOM  BARRON  MATINGS _ 9.00  17.00 


Juniata  Poultry  Farm 

Box  A,  RICHFIELD.  PA. 


-^lULSH  FARM!  CHICKJH 


All  Breeders  carefully  culled  &  fPAVfl 
Blood  Tested.  Order  direct  from 
ad.  or  write  for  our  new  catalog. 
Satisfaction  and  safe  arrival  guaranteed. 


Shipments  Mon.  &  Thurs. —  Unsex’d  Pul’ts  C’k’ls 

Will  Ship  C.O.D.  100  100  100 

White  or  Brown  Leghorns _ _ _ $9.00  $16.00  $1.50 

Black  or  Buff  Leg, ,  Anconas _  9.50  17.00  2.00 

Bar.  White  or  Buff  Rocks _  9.50  13.00  8.50 

Wh.  Wyand,  R.  I.  Reds.  N.  Hamps.  9.50  13.00  7.00 

Red-Rocks,  Rock-Red  Cross _  9.50  13.00  8.50 

SPECIAL  GRADE  A  MATINGS 

White  &  Black  Leghorns _ 12.00  20.00  4.50 

Bar.  Rocks  &  New  Hampshires _ 13.50  17.00  11.00 

Sexing  guaranteed  95%  correct.  Our  21st  year. 

ULSH  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A.  Port  Trevorton,  Pa. 


Your  Chictes  MUST  be  good  this  year! 
Don’t  take  chances.  Clauser  chicks  are  from 
large  size,  heavy  production  Barron  English  S.  C.  W. 
Leghorns.  Hens  weigh  up  to  7  lbs.  Mated  with  R.O.P. 
Pedigreed  Cockerels.  Extra  quality  chicks  from  Blood-test¬ 
ed.  healthy,  vigorous  selected  stock.  Straight  run,  sexed 
pullets  or  cockerels.  Write  for  price  list  and  catalog. 

Box  A, 

Kleinfeltersville,  Pa. 


Robert  L.  Clauser 


CHERRY  HILL  CHICKS 


Twenty-Five  years  of  Breeding  and  Hatching  Experi 
ence,  Assures  you  the  highest  quality.  Tested  for  B.W.E 
Postage  Paid.  Catalog  FREE.  lave  Delivery. 

Pullets  Guar.  95%  Accurate.  Per  100  100  10C 

BIG  R.O.P.  SIRED  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckl: 

WHITE  LEGHORNS  _ $7.50  $14.00  $2.0 

White  or  Barred  Rocks _  8.00  11.00  7  0 

New  Hamps.  or  S.  C.  R.  I.  Reds  9.00  13.00  6^0 

Less  than  100  add  lc  per  chick.  Also  Started  Chicki 
CHERRY  HILL  POULTRY  FARM. 

Wm.  Nace,  (Prop.)  Box  A,  McALISTERVI  LLE.  P4 


STONEY  RUN  CHICKS 


Cash  or  C.O.D.  100%  live 
Delivery  Guaranteed.  100  100 

English  White  Leghorns _ $  9.00  $16.00 

DIRECT  HANSON  WH.  LEGHORNS  11.00  18.00 

Bar.  Wh.  Rocks  &  R.  I.  Reds _ 10.00  12.00 

Special  N.  H.  Reds _  13.00  17.00 

Write  for  our  1942  Catalog  for  details  of  our  15  yrs. 
breeding  program  that  makes  more  money  for  our  large 
family  of  Poultry  Raisers.  All  Breeders  Bloodtested. 
RESERVE  Your  Chicks  Today. 

STONEY  RUN  HATCHERY, 

H.  M.  Leister,  Owner,  Box  A,  McALISTERVILLE.  PA. 


STR.  PLTS.  CKLS. 

100 
$2.00 
3.00 
8.00 
8.00 


a 


QUALITY  CHICKS 


Hatch Tue.  &Thur.  100%  L.  Del.  P.D.  Non-Sex  Pit’s  Ckl’s 
Pullets  95%  Accurate  guar.  100  100  100 

Large  Type  White  Leghorns - $  9.50  $17.00  $2.00 

B.  &W.  Rox,  R.  1.  Reds,  Rox-Red  Cr.  10.00  13.00  9.00 

Special  Bred  N.  H.  Reds _  13.00  17.00  9.00 

H.  Mix  $9-100.  All  Breeders  BLOOD  TESTED.  Antigen 
method.  Catalog  FREE.  Write.  McALISTERVILLE 
HATCHERY,  Box  20,  McALISTERVILLE.  PA. 


NACE’S  QUALITY  CHICKS 


We  pay  postage.  Safe  delivery  guaranteed. 

HANSON  OR  ENGLISH  LARGE  100  100  100 

TYPE  WHITE  LEGHORNS  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls 

R. O.P.  SIRED  - -$7.00  $14.00  $2.00 

S.  C.  Everpay  Br.  Leghorns _  7.00  14.00  2.00 

Bar.  and  White  Rocks _  8.00  12.00  7.00 

N.  H.  and  R.  1.  Reds _  8.00  12.00  6.00 

Heavy  Mixed  _ _ _  6.50  10.00  1 6.00 

From  Free  range  Flocks.  Sexed  Pullets  Guar.  95% 
accurate.  Order  from  ad  or  write  for  Catalog. 

J.  N.  NACE  POULTRY  FARM  &  HATCHERY. 
Box  A,  RICHFIELD,  PENNSYLVANIA. 


HELMS  Egg-Line  CHICKS 


Raise  200-332  egg  R.O.P.  Sired  Chicks.  U.  S. 
Approved,  pullorum  tested,  vitamin-fed  breeders. 
Leading  breeds.  _Two  new  World  Records,  U.  S. 
Egg  Laying  Contests.  Save  Money — Reasonable 
farmer  chick  prices.  Free  brooding  instructions. 
ILLINOIS  HATCHERY.  Box  125,  Metropolis.  Hi. 


ICTORY 
SELECTION 

Depend  on  a  big  hatchery  with  a  long-established 
record  of  fair  dealing  and  prompt  service  I  Hayes  Bros. 
Supreme  Chicks  guaranteed  100%  alive  arrival— 90% 
accuracy  in  sexing.  20  varieties  to  choose  from.  45,000 
chicks  hatched  daily.  Sexed  or  non-sexed.  Postpaid. 
Price  list  on  request.  Our  Victory  Selection  is  made 
from  day  to  day  to  even  up  the  distribution  of  regular 
orders.  You  get  whatever  it  is  convenient  to  send  vou 
according  to  the  day's  hatch —  Q  S5  Per 

for  otfly  _ v  *9  |  oo 

Hayes  Bros.  Hatchery,  HI  Hayes  Bldg.,  Decatur,  III. 


rm 

l  A  *  100%  del.  Cash  or  C.O.D.  UNSEX.  PLTS.  CKLS. 
(Pullets  Guar.  95%)  100  100  100 

Hanson  Special  Wh.  Leg.  $8.00  $16.00  $3.00 

Hanson  or  Eng.  Wh.  Leg _  7.50  15.00  2.50 

Bar.  &  Wh.  Rox.  R.  I.  Reds _  9.00  12.00  7.00 

H.  Mix  $7.  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Free  Cir.  Postpaid. 

NIEMOND’S  POULTRY  FARM  &  HATCHERY, 
Norman  Niemond,  Box  A,  McALISTERVILLE,  PA. 


DUCKS 


WHITE  RUNNER  DUCKS.  Winners.  Layers,  Real 
Quality.  Eggs  1 2-$ 1 .50.  Collie  Pups  $10.00.  $5.00. 

p.  McCullough,  mercer,  Pennsylvania. 


DUCKLINGS 


White  Runner  Ducklings.  Bred  to  lay.  $12.00-100 
prepaid.  GEORGE  ZETTS,  DRIFTING,  PENNA. 


PEKIN  DUCKLINGS 

largest  kind,  18c  at  hatchery;  shipments  by  mail  25a 
extra.  FAIRVIEW  HATCHERY,  THERESA.  N.  V. 


TURKEYS 


mini  ITV  pnill  TQ  5  Best  Breeds.  Blood  Testad 
'ItJrILI  *  $  *  UULIO  Breeders.  Priced  Reasonable. 
Circular.  SEI D  ELTON  FARMS,  Washingtonville.  Pa. 


To  profit  by  our  guarantee,  be  sure  to 
mention  American  Agriculturist  when  you 
write  to  advertisers. 


JOHN  E.  PRYOR. 


“During  the  past  four  years  it  has  been 
my  privilege  to  represent  the  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  and  offer  its  information  and 
services  to  the  people  of  Oneida  and  parts 
of  Herkimer  and  Madison  Counties  in  New 
York  State. 

“From  a  financial  standpoint  I  have  found 
it  very  profitable,  besides  it  has  been  a 
great  pleasure  to  be  associated  with  such  a 
great  organization.” 

JoriN  E.  Pryor, 
Chadwicks,  N.  Y. 


American  Agriculturist  is  dedicated  to 
help  win  this  war  by  helping  farmers  pro¬ 
duce  more  food — if  you  would  like  to  help 
by  explaining  our  services,  write: 

E.  C,  WEATHERBY,  Secretary, 
American  Agriculturist, 

Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


i 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  9,  1942 


NoAtke&it  Masiheti  fob At osdhecuU  P ta&uceM, 


cf American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page 


HOLSTEIN 


TRY  “WAIT  FARMS”  FIRST 

for  your  next  Herd  Sire.  We  specialize  on  Type  and 
Production.  2  Gold  Medal  Herd  Sires,  2  Silver  Medal. 
Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  THAEUB^£  Garyms' 
FOR  SALE:  At  Farmer’s  Prices, 

sons  of  excellent  type  from  our  4%  “Invincible”  daugh¬ 
ters  sired  by  Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

Orchard  Hill  Stock  Farm,  ^  puK V. 
Holstein  Bull  Calves,  for  sale  or  lease. 

sons  of  Commodore  Constance,  Dam  K.O.I.  Pauline 
made  1019  lbs.  fat,  28079  lbs.  milk;  was  N.  Y.  State 
Champion.  Out  of  high  producing,  excellent  type  dams 
backed  by  4%  test  dams.  At  farmers’  prices.  PAUL 
STERUSKY,  Sunnyhill  Dairy  Farm,  Little  Falls.  N.  Y. 


GUERNSEY 


TARBELL  FARMS  GUERNSEYS 

Federal  Accredited  —  360  HEAD  —  Negative 
YOUNG  BULLS  FOR  SALE.  CLOSELY  RELATED  TO 
Tarbell  Farms  Peerless  Margo  613193,  18501.4  lbs.  Milk, 
1013.3  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  3  Yr.  Old. 
Tarbell  Farms  Royal  Lenda  467961,  20508.9  lbs.  Milk, 
1109.0  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  4  Yr.  Old. 

TARBELL  FARMS 

Smithville  Flats,  New  York 

SELECT  GUERNSEY  BULL  — 

Age  6  months.  Dam  and  Sire’s  dam  have  five  records 
averaging  13,268  M.,  588.6  F.  Sired  by  McDonald 
Farms  Dauntless,  a  full  brother  to  McDonald  Farms 
Artist,  14,550  M.,  746.7  F.  Cl.  C  and  show  winner  at 
National  1938-39.  Dauntless  is  sired  by  Foremost  Pre¬ 
diction,  son  of  Valors  Faithful,  20,011  M.,  976.5  F. 
Cl.  A  and  Foremost  Bell  Buoy.  Write  for  pedigree 
and  prices. 

WYCHMERE  FARM 

Clifford  W.  Smith,  Mgr.,  Ontario,  N.  Y. 

For  Sale:  Registered  Guernsey  Bulls. 

READY  FOR  SERVICE,  FROM  600  LB.  DAMS. 
FEW  HEIFERS  UNDER  ONE  YEAR. 

Price  reasonable  (a  good  time  to  buy). 

Lake  Delaware  Farms,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 


Excellent  Guernsey  Bulls 

TWO  MONTHS  TO  SERVICEABLE  AGE. 
Heredity  of  Langwater  Valor  and  Saugerties  Royal 
Sequel  of  Production  and  Type.  For  sale  or  lease 
with  reliable  Farm  Bureau  reference.  . 

RATH  BROS., 

Stone  Rd.,  PITTSFORD,  N.  Y. 


ABERDEEN -ANGUS 
HEREFORD  —  ANGUS 

EVERYTHING  IN  REGISTERED  AND 
COMMERCIAL  BREEDING  STOCK. 

West  Acres  Farms,  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y. 

_ HEREFORDS _ 

YOUNG  COWS  AND  HEIFERS, 

THREE  WITH  CALVES  AT  SIDE,  THREE  BRED, 
TWO  HEIFERS  UNBRED.  BLOOD  TESTED. 
WILL  SELL  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES. 

Roland  D.  Fox,  Fonda,  N.  Y. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 

COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEI  NS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 


t  SWINE 

'  ■  ■ 

Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 


Quality  Poland  China  Breeding  Stock. 

Hardy  Herd— See  it.  Now  offering.  Rugged  250  pound 
fall  gilts,  BRED  to  world's  Premier  boar  “Glamour 
Boy.”  Reserve  Junior  Champion,  Iowa  State  Fair,  1941, 
for  late  summer  and  early  fall  litters. 
GREENFIELD  FARMS,  TIFFIN,  OHIO. 

RUGGED  PIGS! 

Chester  Whites,  Chester- Berkshire,  Yorkshire-Chester, 
Duroc  crosses,  6  weeks,  $6.00;  8  weeks,  $7.00;  9-10 
weeks,  $8.00.  Few  larger  at  $  1 0— $  1 2.  State  second 
choice.  Ship  C.O.D.,  check  or  money  order.  Crates 
free.  CARL  ANDERSON,  CONCORD.  MASS. 


SHEEP 

REGISTERED — Bred  Dorset  Ewes 

AND  BRED  DO  RSET- D  ELA 1 N  E  EWES 
due  to  lamb  in  March  and  April;  also  number  of 
Dorset-Delaine  Yearlings,  well  grown. 

Stony  Ford  Farms,  PSToNYMidFd0ietown.N'N.YY. 

HORSES 

Cornell  University  offers  annual  surplus 

OF  HORSES  FOR  SALE.  BE  LG  1 A  NS— PE  RCH  ERO  NS. 
Mares  and  stallions  of  all  ages.  Several  work  teams. 

Prices  low  for  immediate  sale. 

Contact,  R.  M.  WATT,  DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL 
HUSBANDRY,  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 

DOGS 

PUPPIES— FREE  DETAILS 

ST.  BERNARDS  — ALL  BREEDS— D  ETAI LS  FREE! 
Book  108  colored  pictures,  descriptions  recognized 
breeds  35c 

ROYAL  KENNELS,  R.  3,  Chazy,  N.  Y. 

NEWFOUNDLANDS— Dogs  &  Puppies 

The  Family  Guardian — all  purpose  dog.  Also  Cocker 
Spaniels.  Smooth  Haired  Fox  Terriers,  medium  and  toy. 
Collies  and  trained  stock  dogs,  ready  for  shipment. 
Write  or  visit  us  at 

ROBINSON  KENNELS,  TRUMANSBURG.  N.  Y. 

SLED  DOGS 

PUPS  $12.50  TO  $25.00  EACH. 

Send  $1.00  for  20  Post  Card  Views  of  our  Eskimo 
Dogs.  Pups,  and  Teams. 

Clarks  Sled  Dog  Farm, 

SEED  POTATOES 

Certified  Katahdin  SEED  POTATOES, 

high  yielding  strain,  . 
practically  disease  free. 

Appleton  Bros.,  Canandaigua,  N.  Y. 

SEEDS 

CORNELL  HYBRID  29-3 

West  Branch  Sweepstakes  and  Cornell  II  field  corn, 
Whipple’s  Yellow  Sweet  Corn,  Cayuga  and  Seneca 
Soybeans,  Cornellian  Oats,  Grass  Seeds. 

JERRY  A.  SMITH  &  SONS,  LUDLOWVILLE,  N.  Y. 
Tompkins  County.  Phone  Poplar  Ridge  3610. 

REGISTERED  — Certified  Seed  Corn 

Early  Cornell  No.  11  —  Germination  99% 

PAUL  A.  VANN,  R.D.  3,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

HAY 

BALED  HAY  AND  STRAW 

ALL  GRADES  MIXED  HAY  AND  ALFALFA. 
DELIVERED  BY  TRUCK  OR  CARLOAD. 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 

POULTRY 

Walter  Rich’s 

Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Pullorum  clean,  high  in  quality,  low  in  price. 
Write  for  information. 

Norton  Ingalls,  R.D.  1,  Greenville,  N.  Y. 

Are  You  Looking  For 
PROFITABLE  Producers? 

HANSON  LEGHORNS  AND  PARMENTER  REDS. 
HFAVY  PRODUCERS  OF  LARGE  EGGS.  FOR 

EXTRA  PROFITS  GET  SPRINGBROOK  PULLETS. 
CATALOG  ON  REQUEST. 

SPRINGBROOK  POULTRY  FARM 

WEBSTER  A.  J.  KUNEY  &  SON, 

Box  “A”,  SENECA  FALXS,  N.  Y. 

POULTRY 


DANISH  POULTRY  FARM 

Family  Tested  Leghorns  —  New  Hampshires 
Storrs,  Conn.,  Test  1940-1941,  13  Full  sisters 
av.  270  eggs  per  bird.  Harrisburg,  Penna. 
test,  13  Full  sisters  av.  240  eggs  per  bird. 

A.  E.  DANISH, 

Troy,  New  York 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS,  ROCK-RED 
CROSS.  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

LEGHORNS— NEW  HAMPSHIRES 

BARRED  ROCKS  —  CROSSES 
“BRED  TO  LAY  —  LAY  TO  PAY” 

Write  for  descriptive  catalog  and  prices. 

GLENWOOD  FARMS,  ,ThVca°;  n3’ v. 


BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  U.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
List  describing  our  Leghorns,  Reds,  and 
crossbreds. 

Eli  H.  Bodine,  Box  28,  Chemung,  N.  Y. 


mf?  McLoughlin  Leghorns 

Progeny-test  bred.  7-time  New  York 
R.O.P.  champions  with  average  produc- 
''JsSJy  tion  records  of  257.  253,  256,  258.  266, 

■&W  261  and  262  eggs.  U.S.  Pullorum  Clean. 

V  McLoughlin  Leghorn  Farm,  Chatham  Center. N.Y. 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 


Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAMPSHIRES, 
BARRED  ROCKS,  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  All  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
Folder  and  Prices. 

Box  A, 

Middletown,  N.  Y. 


WILLIAM  S.  MAPES, 


The  McGREGOR  FARM 


S.  C.  White  Leghorns  —50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 
THE  McGREGOR  FARM,  Box  A,  MAINE,  N.  Y. 


NEW  YORK  U.  S.  APPROVED 

NEW  HAMPSHIRES  &  LEGHORNS 

DESCRIPTIVE  CIRCULAR. 

The  Hiscock  Hatchery,  nevTyork. 


CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 


HUBER  POULTRY  FARM 

NAPLES.  NEW  YORK. 

New  Hampshire  Reds  (Christy  strain) 
ROCK-RED  CROSS  — S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 
ALL  BLOOD-TESTED  BREEDERS. 

Write  for  information. 


WHITE  LEGHORNS.  NEW  HAMPSHIRES. 
ROCK-RED  CROSSBREDS,  WHITE  ROCKS, 
CORNO  RED  CROSSBREDS. 

Commercial  and  foundation  stock,  pullets,  males.  AI! 
stock  bloodtested  with  no  reactors  found;  Pedigreed 
male  matings.  Write  for  circular  and  prices. 

SUSQUEHANNA  FARMS, 


ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS,  REDS,  ROCK-RED  CROSS. 

WHITE  ROCKS  — “They  Satisfy.” 

Pullorum  free,  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  details. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER.  Box  C,  GALLUPVILLE,  N.  Y. 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Officially  Pullorum  Passed.  N.  Y.  U.  S.  Approved 

BREEDING  COCKERELS 
Write  for  Folder 


E.  R.  Stone  and  Son 


Box  A. 
CLYDE.  N.  Y. 


Rich  Poultry  Farms 


9400 
LAYERS 


Leghorns  Trapnested  and 


Progeny  Tested 


Reds 


ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS. 

Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de 
scribes  our  method  of  growing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 


POULTRY 


EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

Hatching  Eggs  —  Started  Pullets 

James  E.  Rice  &  Sons, 


Box  A, 

Trumansburg,  N.  Y. 


5S2[!Vyck  Pedigree  S-C-W.  Leghorns 

B.W.D.  TESTED  PULLETS  AND  BREEDING  STOCK. 
Progeny  Tested  under  supervision  Cornell  University. 

Hartwick  Hatchery,  Inc.,  Hartwick,  N.Y. 


GEESE 


TOULOUSE  HATCHING  EGGS 

40c  each. 

CARL  ANDERSON,  C«T  mradss. 


GUINEAS 


MONEY  IN  GUINEAS!  Start  Now. 

SEND  FOB  FREE  FOLDER. 

TOTEM  FARM,  MERIDALE,  N.  Y. 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 


FARM  FOR  SALE  — 100  Acres, 

SEVEN  ROOM  HOUSE,  TWO  BARNS, 

75  acres  tillable,  15  acres  pasture,  10  acres  woodlot. 
3'/2  miles  from  Owego. 

Clysta  Barton,  R.D.,  Apalachin,  N.  Y. 


DANDY  FARMSTEAD;  Stock  &  Tools 

On  macadam  hway,  10  min.  to  depot  town;  40  acres 
cropland,  25  acres  fenced  pasture,  creek  and  springs, 
20  acres  wood;  Colonial-style  dwelling,  12  rooms,  fur¬ 
nace,  water  in  kitchen,  elec,  available,  fine  36x60  barn, 
pther  bldgs.;  unusual  opportunity  at  $5500,  part  down, 
including  12  cows,  horse,  truck,  machinery;,  pg.  34 
big  Free  catalog  1384  bargains  many  States. 

STROUT  REALTY 

255-R  4th  Ave.,  New  York  City 


OPPORTUNITY  to  create  large  income  from  this 

238  Acre  Dairy  &  Crop  Farm. 

ROUTE  No.  5,  9  MILES  FROM  SYRACUSE. 
Alfalfa,  clovers  and  cash  crops  successfully  grown 
here.  Reconditioned  farmstead.  Most  all  public  services 
available.  Ready  for  immediate  possession.  $11,000. 
Investigate  long  term  purchase  plan. 

FEDERAL  LAND  BANK 

SPRINGFIELD,  MASSACHUSETTS 


USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT 


For  Sale:  8  Case  “in-bottle”  Pasteurizer 

WITH  COOLER,  CONTROLS  AND  ALL  EQUIPMENT, 
COMPLETE,  INCLUDING  BOTTLES,  READY 
TO  GO  TO  WORK. 

D.  G.  ROSSMAN,  Worcester,  N.  Y. 


WANTED  TO  BUY  —  Second  hand  Surge  Milkers, 
any  age  or  condition.  Describe  Milker  fully  in  writ¬ 
ing,  giving  year  purchased  if  possible. 

R.  E.  BECKMAN, 

P.  O.  BOX  27,  WESTERN  SPRINGS,  ILLINOIS 


For  Sale — 16  Can  Milk  Cooler 

4 1 " x 1 1 4"x35"  high  (outside),  with  '/2.  H.P.  compressor 
and  control;  one  year  old,  good  condition.  Also  8  can 
milk  cooling  cabinet,  4l"xl  I4"x28"  high,  without  com¬ 
pressor.  Both  cabinets  4"  cork  lined. 

JOHN  MUEHL,  SCHENEVUS,  N.  Y. 


HELP  WANTED 


MAN  WANTED— Single,  Middle-Aged, 

clean,  good  habits,  now  living  in  Central  New  York, 
for  work  on  general  farm,  Finger  Lakes  Section. 
Reasonable  wages,  good  home. 

\  BOX  514-1,  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 
ITHACA,  NEW  YORK 


POSITION  WANTED 

YOUNG  MAN  WANTS  WORK 

ON  FARM  OR  IN  DAIRY.  EXPERIENCED. 

DO  NOT  DRINK  OR  SMOKE. 

Veachel  Adwell,  Cave  City,  Kentucky 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

Phis  classified  page  is  for  the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications: 
LIVESTOCK — Cattle,  Swine,  Sheep,  Horses,  Dogs,  Rabbits,  Goats,  Mink,  Ferrets;  FARM  PRODUCE — Field 
Seeds,  Hav  and  Straw,  Maple  Syrup,  Honey.  Pop  Com,  Miscellaneous;  POULTRY — Breeding  Stock.  Hatching  Eggs: 
EMPLOYMENT— Help  Wanted.  Situation  Wanted;  FARM  REAL  ESTATE— Farms  for  Sale.  Farms  Wanted' 
USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT— For  Sale.  Wanted. 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers'  classified  advertising  rates. 

advertising  space  units  are  offered  as  follows:  space  one  inoh  deep  one  column  wide  at  $6.00  per  'SSU6.? 
space  one-half  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.00  per  issue.  Copy  must  be  received  at  American  Agriculturist 
Advertising  Dept.,  Box  514,  Ithaca.  N.  Y.,  II  days  before  publication  date.  No  Baby  Chick  advertising  at 
cepted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows;  Jan.  3,  17,  31;  Feb.  14.  28;  Mar.  14,  28;  April 
May  9,  23;  June  6,  20;  July  4,  18;  Aug.  I.  15,  29;  Sept.  12,  26;  Oct.  10,  24;  Nov.  7,  21:  Dec.  5. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  9,  1942 


IT  (295) 


STOP 

WORK  GLOVE  DISCOMFORT 


WEAR 

WOLVERINE 

HORSEHIDE 

HANDS 


TAat  Pty  Soft;.  Sfay  Soft 


#  In  Wolverine  Horsehide  Hands,  com¬ 
fort  starts  the  very  instant  you  first  slip 
them  on.  They’re  soft  as  kidskin — no  trace 
of  stiffness  to  hamper  your  work  and  possi¬ 
bly  cause  accidents.  They’re  that  way  new 
and  never  change.  Get  them  soaking  wet, 
time  after  time,  and  they  dry  out  soft.  Just 
the  same.  Wolverines  are  plenty  tough  .  .  . 
cost  amazingly  little  to  wear.  See  your  local 
Wolverine  dealer  and  try  on  a  pair.  If  you 
can’t  find  a  dealer,  write  WOLVERINE 
SHOE  8b  TANNING  CORP.,  DEPT. 

A-542,  ROCKFORD,  MICH. 

WOLVERINE  mSmL, 


*  Z} it  JVutjlor's  * 

DIRENE 


Effective  medication  for  the 
prompt  relief  of  temporary 
hyperacidity  and  simple 

DIARRHEA  in  CALVES 

Direne  is  a  dependable 
antacid  and  intestinal  as¬ 
tringent  for  farm  animals. 

Price  75* 

Keep  a  box 
of  Direne 
on  hand. 


Mailed  postpaid  if 
your  feed  dealer 
or  druggist  cannot 
supply  you. 


'  H.  W.  NAYLOR  CO. 


MORRIS, 


NEW  YORK 


Big  Tioga  County  AUCTION  SALE 

TUESDAY,  MAY  12 

2  miles  from  Richford,  N.  Y., 

20  miles  south  of  Cortland,  N.  Y. 

80  HEAD  of  high  grade  HOLSTEIN 
Cattle  part  fresh,  balance  due  in  fail. 

4  HORSES  — FULL  LINE  OF'  MACHINERY 
FOR  TWO  FARMS  — 800  HENS. 

TWO  ADJOINING  FARMS  WITH  A  TOTAL 
OF  600  ACRES. 

Sale  will  start  at  10  A.  M.  sharp. 
Lunch  at  noon. 

i  more  details,  write  or  inquire  of 
Jay  Barrows,  Owner,  Richford,  N.  Y„  or 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 

iales  Manager  &  Auctioneer,  Mexico,  N.  Y. 


SWINE 


Walter  Lux,  Tel.  0086,  Woburn,  Mass 

&  CHFsici  rD£iLESTER  CR0SS  OR  BERKSHIR 

HP(l(.rw,TE|R  CROSS,  all  large  growthy  pigs  sold  a 

old  S7nn  ee<^;  6-7  weeks  old'  *6-7!>  ea-  8  week 
phwtS7'00  ea-  Will  ship  any  number  C.O.I).  or  sen 

Please  ve„mon?y  or<ler-  If  ir>  any  "'ay  they  do  nc 
P  ase  you,  return  them  at  my  expense. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  sa 
It  In  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


LIVESTOCK  and  price  control,  ceil¬ 
ings,  rationing,  and  all  the  rest  of 
it  are  definitely  a  part  of  the  future 
picture.  What  these  will  do,  and  how 
long  they  will  last,  are  just  two  of  the 
questions  every  livestock  man  is  not 
only  asking,  but  is  troubled  and  wor¬ 
ried  about.  He  is  willing  to  sacrifice 
and  to  take  his  chances  on  production 
and  price  from  a  supply  and  demand 
standpoint,  but  he  wonders,  with  un¬ 
controlled  costs,  if  he  can  be  forced  to 
sell  on  a  closed  market. 

Obviously,  no  one  can  answer  these 
questions,  or  the  ones  about  tires,  gas, 
goods  of  all  kinds,  and  many  foods. 
The  picture  is  black  with  a  long  war, 
so  let’s  look  at  it  from  an  optimistic 
angle. 

Lambs,  now  that  the  pelt  and  wool 
situation  has  been  cleared  up,  are  sell¬ 
ing  at  $14.25.  This  is  a  flat  $2.50  a 
hundred  higher  than  the  low  spot  this 
winter,  during  the  “freezing”  of  pulled 
wool  and  pelts.  Of  course,  this  in¬ 
creased  value  is  almost  entirely  re¬ 
flected  in  increased  pelt  values  with¬ 
out  any  material  increase  in  wool 
values.  Thus  the  power  of  Govern¬ 
ment  action  is  well  illustrated.  The 
bright  spot  is  that  now  lambs  are  up 
to  near  their  true  value. 

Cattle,  hogs,  and  calves  are  now  all 
selling  at  values" which,  if  “pegged”, 
“frozen”,  or  “ceilinged”  at  or  near 
present  prices,  would  enable  the  live¬ 
stock  industry  to  carry  on,  especially 
If  given  assurances  of  present  prices 
as  a  future  price  base.  This,  in  spite 
of  the  fact  that  hogs  continue  to  sell 
above  parity,  or  up  around  $15.25  now, 
with  some  few  cattle  also  above  or  up 
around  $17,  and  some  below. 

This  again  brings  out  the  difficulty 
of  handling  price  control  on  livestock 
without  grades,  and  without  definite 
retail  control.  Of  course,  it  also  brings 
out  the  fallacy  of  trying  to  control  food 
prices  without  labor  cost  control. 

— a.  a. — 

BELL  DISPERSAL  SALE 

An  event  in  Holstein  history  was  the 
complete  dispersal  sale  of  307  pure¬ 
bred  Holsteins  on  the  Bell  Farms  near 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  April  20  and  21.  This 
1,100-acre  farm  has  been  taken  over 
by  the  War  Department  for  a  defense 
airport.  Its  beautiful  barns  with 
hitches  for  500  cattle  and  18  dwellings 
will  all  be  razed  within  a  month.  How¬ 
ever,  the  45  years  of  breeding  head- 
work  by  its  owner,  E.  E.  Rieck,  can-, 
not  be  destroyed.  The  Holstein 
families  he  has  developed  are  simply 
moved  to  100  new  homes,  where  they 
will  continue  to  carry  on. 

This  sale  drew  a  crowd  of  2,000  peo¬ 
ple  and  its  results  are  given  below: 
175  perfect  cows  averaged  $313. 

15  defective  cows  averaged  $120. 

Six  bulls  sold  between  $300  and 

$1,000. 

67  open  heifers,  averaged  $192. 

28  bred  heifers  averaged  $280. 

19  bull  calves  averaged  $66. 

32  heifer  calves  averaged  $100. 

The  total  sale  was  $82,145. — John  R. 
Parsons. 

— a.  a. — 

VERMONT 
JERSEY  BREEDERS 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Vermont 
Jersey  Cattle  Club,  breeders  decided 
to  award  a  trophy  to  the  high  Jersey 
in  butterfat  in  Vermont  for  1942.  The 
trophy  will  be  awarded  to  the  winner 


at  the  Jersey  Banquet  at  Burlington 
next  January. 

The  Vermont  Club  summer  meeting 
will  be  held  on  August  15  at  Oak  Ledge 
Farm  owned  by  Otis  A.  Kenyon.  At 
that  meeting  Mr.  Kenyon’s  herd  will 
be  classified. 

The  Vermont  State  Jersey  Sale  will 
be  held  Tuesday,  September  29,  at  the 
Hartland  Fair  Grounds.  As  usual, 
there  will  be  a  show  at  10:00  in  the 
forenoon,  and  the  sale  will  start  at  1:00 
in  the  afternoon. — John  D.  Welch, 

—  a.  a. — 

WHO  WILL  IT  BE — YOU 
OR  JOHN  L.  LEWIS? 

( Continued  from  Page  6) 

problems  and  in  helping  to  get  the  best 
prices  that  the  dairy  farmers  have  had 
in  many  years.  These  organizations 
will  continue  to  do  a  better  job  in  pro¬ 
portion  to  the  support  you  give  them, 
and  it  is  just  plain  commonsense  that 
the  cooperatives  can  and  will  do  a  bet¬ 
ter  job  led  by  representatives  who  are 
themselves  farmers  than  they  can  if 
led  by  city  leaders  for  their  own  selfish 
purposes.  Rest  assured  that  if  you  join 
the  Mine  Workers  you  are  in  to  stay, 
and  city  men  not  farmers  will  direct 
your  business. 

The  second  conclusion  is,  this  coun¬ 
try  is  at  war,  with  everything  that  we 
hold  dear  at  stake.  There  are  millions 
of  our  best  young  men  in  the  Army 
and  Navy  now,  hundreds  of  thousands 
of  them  are  on  the  actual  firing  line. 
Those  boys  are  not  worrying  much 
now  about  their  small  wages  or  about 
time  and  a  half  for  overtime.  And 
they  are  not  engaged  in  any  strikes. 

So  the  American  farmers,  many  of 
whom  have  sons  now  in  the  ranks,  are 
not  going  to  tolerate  selfish  and  am¬ 
bitious  men  like  John  L.  Lewis  and 
his  associates  in  their  attempt  to  run 
the  business  and  lives  of  American 
farmers. 

—  a.  a. — 

UNW  ANTED  HELP 

Perl  Devendorf,  Chairman  of  the 
Jefferson  County,  N.  Y.,  Dairy  Farm¬ 
ers  Union,  states  that  Holland  Foster 
of  Owego,  General  Chairman  of  the 
United  Dairy  Farmers,  and  other  offi¬ 
cers  of  the  former  Dairy  Farmers 
Union  Association,  will  be  asked  to 
resign.  He  indicates  that  northern 
New  York  dairy  farmers  will  pull  out 
of  the  United  Dairy  Farmers  group 
unless  this  is  done.  The  charge  is 
made  that  Foster  and  his  committee, 
without  authorization  of  the  farmers, 
have:  (1)  changed  the  dues  of  the  or¬ 
ganization;  (2)  changed  the  name 
from  Dairy  Farmers  Union  to  United 
Dairy  Farmers;  (3)  affiliated  with  the 
United  Mine  Workers. 

It  is  claimed  that  less  than  2%  of 
Jefferson  County  Dairy  Farmers  Union 
members  voted  to  affiliate  with  John 
Lewis.  Mr.  Devendorf  also  expressed 
dissatisfaction  with  the  trip  of  Secre¬ 
tary  Harry  Carnal  of  Ogdensburg  to 
the  State  of  Washington.  “We  pay 
Secretary  Carnal  $250  a  month  to  work 
for  us,”  he  said.  “He  had  no  authori¬ 
zation  from  the  farmers  to  go  to 
Washington.  If  we  are  paying  for  this 
sort  of  thing,  we  are  entitled  to  know 
about  it.  If  John  L.  Lewis  is  paying 
for  it,  then  Mr.  Carnal  had  no  busi¬ 
ness  out  there.” 

Editor’s  Note:  In  the  meantime 
John  L.  Lewis’  plan  to  organize  dairy¬ 
men,  whether  they  want  his  help  or 
not,  goes  steadily  on.  The  biggest 
error  you  could  make  is  to  disregard 
the  danger.  Dairymen  have  a  fight  on 
their  hands  but  they  will  win  it! 

On  April  29  a  meeting  was  called  in 
Watertown  by  the  Dairy  Farmers 
Union,  attended  by  John  V.  Johnson  of 
the  Lewis  organization.  Twelve  dairy¬ 
men,  of  the  2,000  members  claimed  in 
Lewis  County,  attended.  , 


Increase  farm 
productivity 

by  building 
improvements 

with 

CONCRETE 


Farmers  today  are  stepping  up  produc¬ 
tion  of  dairy  products,  eggs,  livestock 
and  other  essential  foodstuffs.  One  way 
to  begin  the  job  is  to  build  concrete 
bam  floors,  stock  feeding  floors,  poultry 
house  floors,  manure  pits,  storage  cellars 
and  other  improvements  that  make  your 
farm  more  efficient  and  productive. 

All  you  need  are  a  few  sacks  of  port- 
land  cement,  sand,  gravel  or  stone,  and 
some  boards  for  forming.  Concrete  con¬ 
serves  critical  “ war  materials” ;  many 
farm  concrete  jobs  need  none! 

Economical,  life-time  concrete  im¬ 
provements  cost  surprisingly  little  to 
build.  You  can  do  the  work  yourself, 
or  ask  your  cement  dealer  for  names 
of  concrete  contractors. 

For  helpful  free  literature  on  “how  to 
do  it,”  check  list  below  and  mail  today, 

Potto  on  penny  postal  and  mail 

□  Dairy  barn  floors  □  Manure  pits 

□  Poultry  house  floors  □  Grain  storages 

□  Feeding  floors  □  Storage  cellars 

[H  Milk  houses  Q  Tanks,  troughs 

Q  Foundations  Q  Farm  repairs 

PORTLAND  CEMENT  ASSOCIATION 

Dept.  K5b-1,  347  Madison  Ave.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

SUPPORT  THE  RED  CROSS.. . 
BUY  DEFENSE  STAMPS  AND  BONDS 


Lameness,  Strains 

OFTEN  RELIEVED 


•  When  used  as  soon  as  injury  is  noticed 
farmers  know  Absorbine  may  keep  horse  at 
work.  Often,  this  time-tested  remedy  brings 
down  swelling  in  a  few  hours! 

Absorbine  works  fast  because  it  speeds  the 
flow  of  blood  to  the  injury  which  helps  carry 
off  the  congestion.  Many  leading  veterinariea 
have  used  Absorbine 
for  over  40  years. 

Absorbine  is  not  a 
“cure-all”  but  of 
proven  help  in  reliev¬ 
ing  fresh  bog  spavin, 
windgall,  collar  gall 
and  similar  conges¬ 
tive  troubles.  It  never 
blisters  or  removes 
hair. 

Only  $2.50  for  a 
LONG-LASTING 
BOTTLE.  At  all  drug¬ 
gists.  W.  F.  Young, 
Inc.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


H  ABSORBINE 


BLIZZARD 

ENSILAGE  CUTTER  -  HAY  CHOPPER 


LEAPS  FROM 
ALL  AZV&LES 


Saves  time,  labor,  money.  Handles  any  crop 
-  wet,  green,  dry  —  elevates  anywhere. 
You  need  no  extras.  Keep  your  Blizzard 
in  best  condition.  Check  up  —  order 
needed  repair  parts  early  from  your 
nearest  Blizzard  dealer  or  dis¬ 
tributor. 

BLIZZARD  MF6.  CO. 

Box  A, 

CANTON,  OHIO 


Mineral  compound 

HELPFUL  HORSE  TONIC  BLW 

IN  USE  62  YEARS 

Mineral  Remedy  Co,  Box  821,  Pittsburgh.  Pa. 


(296)  18 


Ai  .erican  Agriculturist,  May  9,  1942 


A 


Have  A 

by  Grace  Watkins  Huckett 


EEPING  up  the  family  wardrobe 
during  war  time  is  a  real  challenge. 
It  means  not  only  learning  what 
materials  are  available  for  making 
new  clothes,  but  also  it  means  find¬ 
ing  the  time  to  take  better  care  of  what  we  have. 

One  reason  why  clothes  do  not  get  better  care 
is  because  the  necessary  materials  for  mending 
are  often  scattered,  hit  or  miss,  throughout  the 
house.  If  they  were  all  kept  in  one  place,  it 
would  be  easy  to  repair  garments  in  a  minimum 
of  time.  Perhaps  you’re  one  of  those  efficient 
persons  who  already  have  a  convenient  and 
compact  sewing  center,  but  if  not,  why  not 
make  yourself  one? 

Several  good  types  of  homemade  sewing 
centers  were  on  display  at  the  New  York  State 
College  of  Home  Economics  during  Farm  and 
Home  Week  last  February.  Besides  the  portable 
sewing  screen  pictured  on  this  page,  there  was  a 
large  “dressmaking  screen’’  and  a  sewing  chest; 
also,  a  set  of  shelves  for  a  livingroom  sewing 
center.  The  dressmaking  screen  had  three  pan¬ 
els,  and  was  fitted  up  with  everything  from  a 
mirror  for  hanging  skirts,  to  pockets  for  fashion 
magazines.  The  chest  was  equipped  with  trays, 
and  was  large  enough  to  store  a  portable  sewing 
machine,  a  small  pressing  board  and  iron,  house¬ 
hold  mending,  yard  goods,  and  garments  wait- 


side  up  over  a  table  is  better  for  cutting  out 
garments  than  the  smooth,  hard  surfaced  table. 
Materials  do  not  slide  on  it  so  easily. 

(3)  Paper  weights,  glass  furniture  coasters  or 
smooth,  heavy  iron  nuts  are  good  for  holding 
down  patterns  when  pins  seem  undesirable. 

(4)  Tissue  paper  used  either  dry  or  dampened 
may  be  better  than  a  cloth  in  pressing  silks. 
Lay  the  paper  on  the  right  side,  dampen  with  a 
sponge  and  press  without  danger  of  iron  marks. 

(5)  A  small  sponge  in  a  shallow  dish  of  water 
is  better  than  a  wet  cloth  for  dampening  spots 
to  be  pressed. 

(6)  Sheer  thread  for  basting  is  less  apt  than 
coarser  thread  to  leave  a  pressing  mark  on  the 
material.  It  is  also  less  fuzzy. 

(7)  Darning  cotton  is  better  than  ordinary 
thread  for  making  tailor’s  tacks,  as  it  slips  less 
easily. 

(8)  Pinking  shears  are  time  and  labor  savers, 
especially  with  silks  and  woolens. 

(9)  Lapboard. 

Pressing  cloths  may  be  cheesecloth,  using  a 
single  thickness  over  silk,  two  or  three  thick¬ 
nesses  over  wool.  They  should  be  psed  just 
moist  enough  to  give  a  good  steam,  never  too 
wet.  It  is  the  steam  and  not  the  water  which 
is  needed. 

Pressing  pads  are  made  by  stuffing  sawdust 


Mending  Lesson  No.  5 

Stocking  Patch 


By 

MILDRED 

CARNEY 

Cornell 

Clothing 

Specialist 


T 

J.  HIS  PATCH  may  be  used  on  large  holes 
in  the  heels  or  in  the  knees  of  cotton  or 
woolen  stockings.  To  make  the  patch: 

1 .  Cut  away  the  worn  part  and  make  the 
hole  round  or  oblong. 

2.  Cut  a  patch  from  the  good  part  of  an¬ 
other  worn  stocking  the  exact  size  and 
shape  of  the  hole,  so  that  when  the  patch 
is  put  on  the  hole  the  edges  meet. 

3.  Baste  the  stocking  to  a  piece  of  firm 
paper. 

4.  Baste  the  patch  (o  the  same  piece  of 
paper,  being  sure  that  the  ribs  of  the 
patch  run  the  same  way  as  the  ribs  of 
the  stocking. 

5.  Lace  the  two  edges  of  the  stocking  and 
the  patch  together  with  the  baseball 
stitch  as  shown  in  the  illustration. 

6.  The  stitches  should  be  close  together 
and  should  extend  far  enough  into  the 
stocking  and  the  patch  to  be  strong  and 
firm. 

7.  Fine  wool  yarn  may  be  used  or  several 
thicknesses  of  darning  cotton. 

This  patch  is  smooth  and  eliminates  any 
hard  ridges.  When  well  done,  it  is  prac¬ 
tical  and  stands  hard  wear. 


ing  to  be  remodeled,  besides  all  the 
usual  darning  and  mending  supplies. 
An  old-fashioned  blanket  chest 
could  be  refinished  and  equipped  in 
the  same  wav. 

In  fact,  you  can  make  your  sew¬ 
ing  center  out  of  anything  you 
may  happen  to  have  for  the  purpose 
—  trunk,  closet,  chest  of  drawers, 
sewing  cabinet,  old  wardrobe,  cedar 
chest,  suitcase,  or  any  receptacle 
which  can  be  fitted  up  conveniently. 
Partitioned  bags,  similar  to  shoe 
bags,  can  be  tacked  inside  of  trunk 
or  chest,  or  onto  the  door  of  a  sew¬ 
ing  closet  or  screen.  They  help  to 
keep  articles  and  materials  sorted 
and,  when  labeled,  save  a  lot  of  time 
hunting  for  things.  There  should 
be  adequate  storage,  either  in  your 
sewing  center  or  close  by,  for  all  the 
necessary  tools  that  go  with  sewing 
and  mending  operations.  On  this 
list,  I  would  put  a  good  pair  of 
sharp  shears,  a  thimble  that  fits,  60- 
inch  tape  measure,  pins,  assortment 
of  needles  (No.  5  to  No.  10),  tape 
needles,  tailor’s  chalk,  tracing  wheel, 
yardstick  (a  square  also  is  desir¬ 
able),  a  lightweight  smooth  iron, 
ironing  board  well  padded,  and 
small  pads,  pressing  cloths  of  thick 
and  thin  materials,  sewing  machine 
with  attachments,  dress  form,  a  hair 
or  wool-filled  pin  cushion,  a  box  or 
basket  for  thread,  skirt  hanger,  a 
good  mirror. 

Other  helps  which  may  not  be 
absolute  necessities  are: 

(1)  A  basting  brick  saves  the  knee 
and  your  back.  Pad  and  cover  a 
plain  building  brick,  put  it  on  the 
sewing  table  and  pin  your  material 
to  it  when  doing  any  hand  work. 

(2)  A  piece  of  oilcloth  spread  wrong 


!)t'k  tyu+i  ta  Sew  rWUe*i  Sve/ufUtincj,  id  cJla+uhf 


This  sewing  screen,  designed  by  the  clothing  department  of  N.  Y.  State  College  of 
Home  Economics,  may  be  carried  easily  from  room  to  room  by  the  handles  on  top. 
Since  it  is  only  5  inches  deep  when  closed,  it  wall  stand  behind  a  door  w'hen  not 
in  use.  Screen  is  36  inches  high,  and  17  inches  wide  (closed).  Framework  is  wood. 
1%  yards  of  36  in.  material  will  be  sufficient  to  make  sides  and  pockets  if  a  heavy 
fabric  with  no  right  and  wrong  side  (such  as  monks  cloth)  is  used.  If  fabric  has 
a  right  and  wrong  side,  making  double  thickness  necessary,  2%  yards  will  be  need¬ 
ed.  Pockets  are  sewed  to  inside  piece  before  it  is  tacked  to  the  framework. 
Large  nails  with  heads  removed  or  finishing  nails  may  be  used  for  the  spool  pins. 


into  shaped  muslin  covers  which 
are  usually  round  at  one  end  and 
pointed  at  the  other.  They  may  be 
made  in  various  shapes  and  sizes. 
The  rounded  end  is  a  great  help  in 
pressing  armholes  and  seams  where 
a  flat  board  causes  wrinkling.  For 
ordinary  use,  cut  from  firm,  smooth 
canvas,  two  oval  shaped  pieces 
about  12  inches  long  and  graduat¬ 
ing  in  width  from  about  6  in.  to  2  ' 
in.  Stitch  together,  leaving  an  open¬ 
ing  large  enough  for  filling.  Stuff 
tight  with  sawdust  or  shredded 
scraps  of  cloth  and  close. 

A  press  roll  may  be  made  by  roll¬ 
ing  a  magazine  tightly,  then  wrap¬ 
ping  it  smoothly  with  muslin  that 
has  been  washed  free  of  starch.  Fold 
in  and  tack  firmly  at  ends  of  the 
roll.  If  a  very  small  roll  is  desired, 
pad  and  cover  a  small  section  of 
broom  or  mop  stick. 

In  addition  to  the  necessary  tools 
for  sewing  and  mending,  it  is  wise 
to  build  up  a  reserve  of  scraps  of 
material,  yarns,  darning  cottons, 
finishing  tapes  and — if  you  can  still 
get  them — hooks  and  eyes,  snaps, 
ordinary  buttons  and  narrow  elastic. 
It  hardly  seems  necessary  to  warn 
thrifty  people  to  cut  off  buttons  and 
fasteners  before  discarding  a  gar¬ 
ment!  Small  compartments  would 
help  to  keep  these  articles  in  order. 
Small  sturdy  cardboard  boxes, 
plainly  labeled,  will  serve  the  pur¬ 
pose. 

Wherever  or  whatever  your  sew¬ 
ing  center  may  be — closet,  screen, 
cedar  chest  or  chest  of  drawers — -a 
definite  part  should  be  planned  for 
holding  the  mending,  neatly  folded 
until  the  job  can  be  done. 


/ 


19  (297) 


Al  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  9,  1942 


DRESSES 


fio*.  feuj,  Zoestti 

Glamour  frock  no.  2569  lends 
youthful  charm  to  that  graduation 
or  simple  summer  dress;  both  lengths 
included  in  patterns.  Sizes  10  to  20. 
Size  16,  in  daytime  length,  3%  yards 
39-inch  or  4  yards  35-inch  fabric  with 
1%  yards  ruffling. 

For  the  young  graduate,  No.  2562 
has  dainty  touches  of  ruffling  on  a 
crepe  or  sheer  cotton.  For  general 
wear  this  design  is  equally  good  in 
sturdier  cottons.  Sizes  6  to  14.  Size 
8,  2  yards  39-inch  fabric. 

That  semi-soft,  daytime  dress  which 
gives  that  well  dressed  feeling  is  PAT¬ 
TERN  No.  3502.  Pattern  sizes  are  14 
to  20,  36  to  50.  Size  36,  3%  yards 
39-inch  fabric. 

Make  a  smart  costume  by  lining 
JACKET  No.  3503  to  match  DRESS 
No.  3502.  Or,  make  it  to  use  as  3; 
separate  jacket.  Spun  rayon,  wool 
jersey,  crepe,  pique,  or  novelty  cotton 
are  suggested  materials.  Pattern  sizes 
are  14  to  20,  36  to  50.  Size  36,  2% 
yards  39-inch  fabric  with  2  44  yards 


1 

517 

/ 


Does  the  man  who  is  fixing  the 

gutter  know  you  borrowed  his  lad¬ 
der?” 


39-inch  for  lining. 

Accessories  give  life  and  variety  to 
the  simplest  of  costumes.  PATTERN 
No.  2851  is  just  what  you  need  for  this 
purpose.  The  set  comes  in  one  size, 
easily  adaptable.  Pattern  gives  fabric 
requirements. 

For  that  smallster  in  your  family, 
sweetly  simple  little  DRESS  and 
CREEPER  No.  2618  is  a  very-best 
style,  being  well  cut  with  plenty  of 
room  for  action,  besides  being  easy  to 
make.  Sizes  6  mos.,  1,  2,  and  3  years. 
Size  2,  for  dress,  1  y2  yards  35-inch 
with  %  yard  35-inch  for  collar;  for 
creeper,  1%  yards  35-inch  fabric  with 
iy2  yards  ruffling. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address, 
pattern  size  and  number  clearly  and 
enclose  15c  in  stamps.  Address  Pat¬ 
tern  Dept.,  American  Agriculturist,  10 
North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 
Add  12c  for  a  copy  of  our  new  Sum¬ 
mer  Fashion  Book. 

‘  — A.  A. — 


How  to  Can  Fruit 
Without  Sugar 


By  LILLIAN  SHABEN. 

(Editor’s  Note:  in  the  March  28th  is¬ 
sue  of  American  Agriculturist,  we  print¬ 
ed  a  letter  from  Mrs.  C.  K.  F.  of  Ver¬ 
mont,  saying  that  she  cans  fruit  with¬ 
out  sugar.  Since  then,  hundreds  of 
women  have  written  in  to  find  out  how 
the  canning  of  fruit  without  sugar  is 
done,  so  we  have  asked  Miss  Shaben, 
Cornell  Foods  and  Nutrition  Specialist, 
to  give  you  the  facts. 


HOW  TO  can  fruit  with  less  sugar 
or  no  sugar  is  a  problem  which 
now  confronts  most  homemakers.  Ac¬ 
tually,  it  is  not  necessary  to  use  sugar 
to  make  the  canned  fruit  keep.  It  will 
keep  exactly  as  well  without  sugar.  It 
is  only  when  large  amounts  of  sugar 
are  used,  as  in  thick  “preserves”  that 
the  sugar  acts  as  a  preservative.  There¬ 
fore,  can  the  fruit  as  usual,  using  no 
sugar,  or  very  little  sugar. 

If  you  use  the  boiling  water  bath 
method,  pack  the  jars  with  the  fruit  as 
usual,  then  add  boiling  water  nearly  to 
fill  the  jars  instead  of  the  sugar  and 
water  syrup  you  have  used  in  the  past. 
The  jars  are  then  processed  as  usual. 
In  the  winter  when  the  jars  are  opened, 
turn  the  fruit  out  into  a  bowl,  add 
sugar,  and  let  stand  for  a  few  hours 
in  order  to  let  the  sugar  penetrate  the 
fruit.  Some  women  prefer  to  heat  the 
fruit  with  the  sugar  in  order  to  sweet¬ 
en  the  large  pieces  of  fruit  uniformly 
throughout. 

It  is  possible  to  use  corn  syrup  for 
sweetening,  instead  of  sugar,  when 
canning.  One  manufacturer  of  corn 
syrup  writes,  “Com  syrups  are  ordi¬ 
narily  about  one-third  as  sweet  as 
sugar.”  The  syrup,  or  diluted  syrup  is 
heated  to  boiling  and  poured  into  the 
jars,  as  directed  above  for  the  boiling- 
water.  This  means,  of  course,  that  if 
undiluted  corn  syrup  were  used,  the 
fruit  would  still  need  two-thirds  the  us¬ 
ual  amount  of  sugar  added  when  the 
jar  is  opened. 

Jellies  are  a  problem.  I  have  not 
heard  of  any  satisfactory  way  to  make 
jelly  with  sugar  substitutes.  Jams  are 
easier,  as  honey  may  be  used,  if  the 
flavor  is  not  objected  to.  The  amount 
of  sugar  in  honey  varies,  but  usually 
it  is  estimated  at  about  one  cup  honey 
equivalent  to  three-fourths  cup  sugar. 
If  the  honey  is  quite  thick,  it  is  used 
“cup  for  cup.”  But  there  is  always  the 
extra  liquid  to  be  considered.  That  re¬ 
quires  longer  cooking  to  cook  the  fruit 
until  thick.  We  know  that  long,  slow 
cooking  impairs  both  the  color  and  the 
flavor  of  the  jam  or  conserve.  There¬ 
fore,  the  conserve  should  be  cooked  as 
quickly  as  possible  until  thick. 

Reports  as  to  the  amounts  of  sugar 
to  be  available  for  canning  are  not 
definite.  It  looks  advisable  to  can  the 
fruit  the  family  needs  without  sugar, 
or  with  a  substitute,  and  sweeten  it 
when  opened,  as  the  rations  permit. 

It  may  be  just  as  well  for  us  to  learn 
to  enjoy  our  food  less  sweet! 


I  SHOULD  SAY  THERE  IS*  FLEISCHMANN.'s] 
IS  THE  ONLY  YEAST  WITH  ALL  THESE 
VITAMINS  —  A,  Bi.DAND  G.  WHAT'S 
MORE,  NOT  A  SINGLE  ONE  OF  THEM 
IS  APPRECIABLY  LOST  IN  THE  OVEN. 
THEY  ALL  GO  INTO  THE  BREAD  OR 
ROLLS  FOR  THE  EXTRA  VITAMINS 
n.  NO  OTHER  YEAST  CAN  GIVE.' 

V - J  ..  > 


ANOTHER  THING  MIGHTY  IMPORTANT  TO 
US  WOMEN  IS  THAT  THE  FLEISCHMANN'S 
WE  GET  TODAY  KEEPS  PERFECTLY  IN 
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WONDERFUL  NEW  RECIPE  BOOK, 
YOU  TWO  ARE  GOING  TO  BE  GETTING 
LOTS  OF  DELICIOUS  NEW  ROLLS 
AND  BREADS' 


FREE!  40-page,  full-color  book  with  over 
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Follow  label  directions.  Try  it! 


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I  enclose  10c  and  label  from  i 
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for  my  copy  of  Davis  Master  I 
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Name 

Street 

1 

City 

_  _  _  State 

1 

- 1 

(298  )  20 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  9,  1942 


Today  in  | 

Aunt  Janet’s  Garden  | 

Garden  Jobs  in  May 

Y  THIS  TIME,  most  perennials 
have  been  moved  and  the  annual 
seedlings  are  not  yet  ready  to  trans¬ 
plant.  So  it  is  an  excellent  opportunity 
to  get  rid  of  the  weeds  before  they 
establish  themselves. 

Soil  can  be  cultivated  lightly,  all 
through  the  perennial  border,  but  not 
enough  to  disturb  root  systems.  This 
practice  destroys  the  germinating  weed 
seeds.  Once  this  has  been  done,  later 
cultivation  serves  to  keep  the  soil  well 
loosened. 

And  don’t  forget  to  go  gunning  with 
sprays  and  dusts.  The  wise  gardener 
gets  there  first  and  thereby  heads  off 
a  lot  of  trouble  from  insects  and  fung¬ 
us  diseases.  Roses  like  sulphur  spray 
or  dust;  this  controls  black  spot  and 
mildew.  As  soon  as  insects  are  seen 
on  any  plants  they  should  be  sprayed 
or  dusted.  Otherwise  the  plant  may 
be  overrun. 

Bulb  foliage  is  at  the  ugly  stage 
now,  but  give  it  time  to  ripen  properly 
and  in  this  way  assure  yourself  of 
having  blossoms  next  year.  The  ter¬ 
ribly  tidy  gardener  who  cuts  the  foli¬ 
age  off  before  it  is  ready  sacrifices 
next  year’s  beauty.  I  admit  I  do  not 
particularly  enjoy  these  dead  and  dy¬ 
ing  objects,  but  I  twist  them  together 
and  poke  them  behind  other  plants 
until  they  are  ready  to  loosen  natur¬ 
ally. 

This  year  I  had  to  have  a  major 
moving  of  chrysanthemums.  For  the 
last  two  years,  things  had  happened 
to  prevent  my  moving  them  at  the 
right  stage.  But  this  year  I  did  a 
thorough  job.  I  lifted  all  the  old 


clumps,  took  off  a  few  vigorous  new 
shoots  from  the  edges  of  each  and 
planted  them  after  renewing  the  soil 
thoroughly  where  the  old  ones  had 
been.  This  ought  to  bring  vigorous, 
healthy  plants,  which  after  being 
pinched  back  two  or  three  times, 
should  form  compact,  bushy  growth 
with  a  fine  show  of  flowers  next  fall. 

The  chrysanthemums  need  spraying 
several  times  during  the  season.  In 
fact  I  find  that  it  is  good  routine  for 
my  garden  to  spray  chrysanthemums, 
lilies,  roses,  delphiniums,  and  hardy 
phlox  regularly  with  bordeaux.  The 
spray  may  be  unsightly  for  a  few  days, 
but  that  is  not  as  ugly  as  diseased 
plants. 

If  you  are  doing  some  transplanting, 
just  remember  that  the  plants  will  get 
off  to  a  better  start  if  the  little  roots 
are  in  good  contact  with  the  soil— in 
other  words  water  the  soil  thoroughly 
after  the  plant  is  in. 


PeMottcUPnoldemd 


Should  She  Leave  the 
Farm? 

Dear  Lucile: 

My  husband  died  a  few  months  ago  and 
left  me  with  four  children  whose  ages 
range  from  4  to  14  years.  We  have  a 
small  farm  and  sell  milk.  We  managed 
to  keep  clear  of  mortgage,  but  I  have 
other  bills  amounting  to  about  a  thou¬ 
sand  dollars  which  include  my  late  hus¬ 
band’s  hospital  and  funeral  expenses. 

So  far  my  Oldest  boy  and  I  take  care 
of  the  cows,  but  my  problem  is  what  to 
do  later  on.  You  see,  I  was  a  city  girl 
and  although  I  learned  to  milk,  pitch  hay, 
clean  stables  and  plant,  I  never  liked 
hoeing  or  other  work  in  the  garden  and 
sometimes  haying  got  pretty  awful,  too ; 
but  my  husband  liked  gardening  so  I  did 
other  things  for  him  while  he  did  the 


Your  Farm  Is  At  The 
World’s  Cross-Roads 

What  is  the  average  American  most  interested  in  when  he  sits 
down  to  listen  to  his  radio?  You’ve  guessed  it,  the  NEWS. 
Surveys  have  proven  that  news  is  radio’s  most  listened-to 
service. 

Station  WHAM  realizes  that  news  is  of  paramount  importance 
to  farm  and  city  folk  alike,  therefore  broadcasts  7  regular 
newscasts  each  weekday,  6  on  Sunday.  WHAM  news  is  gath¬ 
ered  by  the  world-famous  United  Press  whose  correspondents 
are  busy  night  and  day  on  the  newsfronts  of  the  world. 

NEWS  is  another  service  that  WHAM  presents  for  Mr.  Rural 
Listener.  Our  “clear  channel”  brings  you  night-time  recep¬ 
tion  free  from  interference.  WHAM  is  one  of  25  “clear  chan¬ 
nel”  stations  that  give  50,000,000  rural  and  small  town  Am¬ 
ericans  (living  across  80%  of  the  United  States)  interference- 
free  reception  during  night  time  hours. 

Tune  to  1180  or  118  on  your  radio  dial  and  hear  WHAM 
NEWS  at  2:00  a.  m.— 4:00  a.  m.— 7:00  a.  m.— 7:55  a.  m.— 
12:05  p.  m.— 6:00  p.  m.  and  11:00  p.  m.  On  Sundays  hear 
breakfast-time  news  at  9:00  a.m.  instead  of  7 :00  and  7  :55  a.m. 

Station  WHAM 


gardening. 

My  son  hates  farm  life.  My  brothers 
come  up  from  the  city  and  tell  what  big 
pay  they  get  for  little  work,  and  this 
son  has  had  vacations  there  every  year, 
so  he’s  just  looking  for  the  time  he  can 
get  out  of  school  and  go  down  there  with 
my  people. 

I  worked  as.  a  baker  before  my  mar¬ 
riage  and  as  I  am  only  31  years  old  now, 
I  can  still  go  back  to  where  I  worked, 
as  they  have  a  chain  of  stores  through 
the  city.  Here  I  have  the  problem  of 
caring  for  the  children,  cattle  and  build¬ 
ings  ;  there  it  would  only  be  myself  and 
children.  Our  land  is  now  in  good  shape. 
It  is  hard  to  get  help  and  harder  yet  to 
pay  them  if  you  can  get  them,  and  the 
spring  work  is  at  hand.  I  can’t  depend 
on  neighbors  always  as  they  have  their 
own  problems.  If  I  stay,  I’ll  have  to 
have  the  house  fixed  as  it  is  in  very  poor 
condition  and  also  will  have  to  paint  the 
barn.  My  husband  worked  hard  to  pay 
bills  and  I  did  my  best  and  just  as  things 
looked  brighter  he  had  to  go.  Now  I  don’t 
know  what  I  should  do.  Please  tell  me. 
—Widow. 

My  own  private  inclination  would  be 
to  stick  to  the  farm,  if  at  all  possible, 
for  I  think  it  is  such  a  good  place  to 
be  with  a  growing  family,  and  in  the 
next  years  the  war  should  insure  good 
prices  for  farm  products. 

However,  I  realize  that  help  is  a  big 
problem  and  you  couldn’t  do  the  work 
yourself,  or  depend  on  the  already  too- 
busy  neighbors.  I  suspect,  too,  that 
you  are  not  deeply  interested  in  farm 
life,  and  you  say  your  son  longs  to  get 
away.  In  view  of  those  facts,  you 
might  all  be  happier  to  go  to  the  city 
and  live  on  wages  from  your  jobs. 

I  would,  though,  make  sure  that  I 
could  keep  the  children  together  and 
provide  a  good  home  for  them  before 
I  left  the  security  of  the  farm. 


A  Question  of  Adoption 

Dear  Lucile:  I  have  been  married 
for  many  years  to  a  husband  who  loves 
and  respects  me,  and  whom  I  love  very 
dearly,  but  we  are  a  very  lonely,  child¬ 
less  couple. 

We  have  a  chance  to  adopt  a  baby 
girl  eight  months  old.  The  baby’s  moth¬ 
er  is  a  good  friend  of  mine.  Her  hus¬ 
band  left  her  for  another  woman  and 
my  friend  started  to  go  out  with  another 
man.  She  had  this  baby  and  I  know  the 
father,  who  is  a  married  man  with  a 
family.  The  baby’s  mother  is  unable  to 
support  it  and  wants  to  give  the  baby 
for  adoption  and  wants  us  to  have  it. 
Should  we  take  this  baby  and  make  our 
lives  happier  as  we  shall  never  have  a 
baby  of  our  own? 

Our  families  keep  on  telling  us  this 
child  will  some  day  disgrace  us.  We 
don’t  know  what  to  do.  Please  help  us 
with  this  problem. — Childless. 

My  personal  feeling  always  is  that 
environment  plays  a  much  greater  part 
in  forming  character  than  heredity, 
and  that  if  a  baby  is  put  into  a  good 
home  and  carefully  reared,  there  is  not 
much  to  be  feared  from  its  background 
of  family.  To  my  mind,  it  would  be 


Because  of  the  number  of  contributions 
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Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

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and  each  poem  submitted  for  this  corner 
must  be  original  and  the  work  of  an 
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following  publication. 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist,  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

THERE  IS  PEACE 

As  long  as  the  plough  breaks  open  the 
furrow, 

As  long  as  the  bud  turns  green  on  the 
bough, 

As  long  as  the  ewe  gives  birth  in  the 
darkness, 

As  long  as  the  cranes  fly  up  from  the 
slough, 

There  is  peace.  Yes,  there  is  peace. 

Though  man’s  dark  anger  breaks  like 
the  storm, 

Though  his  sharp  hatred  rains  without 
cease, 

As  long  as  the  Spring  returns  with  the 
swallow,  ' 

There  is  peace.  O,  yes,  there  is  peace. 

— Shirley  Evans, 

South  Hampton,  N.  H. 


a  wonderful  thing  for  you  and  your 
husband  to  take  this  little,  superfluous 
baby  and  give  it  a  happy  home  and 
the  love  of  parents. 

However,  with  the  facts  being  as 
you  have  told  them  to  me,  I  can  fore¬ 
see  some  trouble  ahead  when  this  child 
grows  up,  if  you  are  living  in  the 
same  community  where  its  real  parents 
may  reside — if,  that  is,  the  facts  of  its 
illegitimate  fathering  are  known.  It 
would  have,  you  see,  three  sets  of 
family,  really,  and  if  this  were  known, 
it  might  be  thrown  up  to  the  child 
and  thus  unhappiness  might  result.  If, 
however,  the  parties  involved  would 
move  away,  or  you  might  establish  a 
new  home,  the  facts  might  never  be 
learned.  In  many  ways  it  would  be 
better  to  adopt  a  baby  whose  parents 
are  unknown  to  you,  and  who,  in  turn, 
do  not  know  who  adopted  the  baby. 

Since  the  adoption  would  have  to  be 
handled  through  the  court,  anyway, 
why  not  discuss  the  matter  frankly 
with  your  county  judge  or  district  at¬ 
torney,  whose  advice,  I  believe,  would 
cost  you  nothing.  Also  talk  the  mat¬ 
ter  over  with  your  minister,  if  you 
have  one  on  whose  good  judgment  you 
depend  a  lot,  but  not  your  friends. 
Each  one  of  them  would  likely  have  a 
different  opinion,  and  after  all,  what 
you  and  your  husband  think  about  the 
matter  is  more  important. 

This  is  taking  for  granted,  of  course, 
that  the  child  has  inherited  good  health 
from  both  parents.  Given  that,  the 
character  would,  I  think,  be  up  to  you. 
However,  this  is  a  big  question  and  I 
don’t  want  you  to  base  your  decision 
on  what  I  may  say.  Get  another 
opinion,  as  I  have  suggested. 


"TTTLb  \ 


“Marthy,  if  I’m  drafted ,  then  you’ll  have  all  the  work  to  do.” 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  9,  1942 


21  (299) 


OLEAmnc; 


Charles  M.  Gardner 

Editor  of  the  National  Grange 
Monthly  and  High  Priest  of  De¬ 
meter  of  the  National  Grange. 


THE  VOTE  of  the  National  Grange, 
at  its  Worcester  session  last  No¬ 
vember,  to  hold  the  1942  convention  in 
the  state  of  Washington,  has  been  fol¬ 
lowed  by  the  decision  of  the  executive 
committee  to  make  Spokane  the  con¬ 
vention  city. 

*  *  * 

THE  ABANDONMENT  of  the  New 
York  State  Fair  at  Syracuse  this 
season  is  not  to  be  allowed  to  inter¬ 
fere  with  the  state-wide  singing  con¬ 
tests  among  Granges.  Announcement  is 
made  that  the  contests  will  be  con¬ 
tinued  as  usual  in  subordinate  and 
Pomona  Granges,  and  that  they  will 
be  carried  as  far  as  the  regional  or 
district  contests.  Suitable  awards  will 
be  provided  by  the  State  Grange  for 
the  regional  winners  and  the  four  high¬ 
est  of  these,  one  from  each  class  of 
singers,  will  be  chosen  to  sing  at  the 
State  Grange  session  next  December. 

*  *  * 

MORE  THAN  local  interest  attaches  to 
the  fact  that  in  a  class  of  candidates 
recently  initiated  by  West  Bath  Grange 
in  Maine  were  Governor  and  Mrs. 
Sumner  Sewall.  In  consequence  five 
New  England  Governors  are  now  listed 
on  the  Grange  roll,  and  four  of  them 
have  advanced  to  the  Seventh  Degree 
in  the  organization.  The  remaining 
non-Grange  Governor  is  the  New 
Hampshire  executive,  and  inasmuch  as 
most  Granite  State  Governors  have 
been  Grange  members,  high  hopes  are 
entertained  for  Governor  Blood. 

¥  ¥  ¥ 

JUVENILE  GRANGES  in  New  York 
State  are  making  a  strenuous  drive 
in  all  the  home  localities  for  the  col¬ 
lection  of  used  automobile  license 
plates,  which  they  can  salvage  for  use 
in  winning  the  war.  Already  they 
have  collected  and  turned  in  thousands 
of  such  plates  and  expect  to  do  even 
better  in  the  coming  months.  Juvenile 
Grange  work  in  the  Empire  State  is 
humming,  due  largely  to  the  energetic 
leadership  provided  by  the  State  Su¬ 
perintendent,  Mrs.  Isabelle  Harris  of 
Glens  Falls.  Meanwhile,  Connecticut 
Juveniles  are  hustling  harder  than  ever 
to  collect  tinfoil,  all  of  which  is  turn¬ 
ed  over  to  the  Simmers’  Hospital  at 
Springfield,  Mass. 

*  *  * 

A  RECORD  New  Hampshire  meeting 
was  recently  held  by  Scammell 
Grange  at  Durham,  because  when  the 
roll  of  visiting  Granges  was  called  68 
different  subordinates  responded!  This 
is  undoubtedly  a  record  for  the  year 
in  all  the  subordinate  Granges  of  the 
country  and  seems  almost  incredible, 
but  the  answer  is  easy:  State  Lecturer 
Charles  A.  Eastman  was  holding  his 
annual  state-wide  conference  of  New 
Hampshire  lecturers  at  Durham  that 
day,  and  in  the  evening  most  of  these 
workers  decided  to  attend  the  Scam- 
well  meeting  and  spring  a  surprise, 
which  they  certainly  did. 

*  *  * 

ARRANGEMENTS  are  being  made 
for  the  annual  state-wide  Church- 
Grange  service  in  Rhode  Island,  which 
always  brings  together  hundreds  of 
people  and  frequently  finds  representa¬ 
tives  present  from  every  subordinate 
in  the  state.  The  date  will  be  Sunday 
evening,  June  21,  and  as  usual  it  will 
be  held  at  the  Union  Church  in  Che- 


pachet,  whose  pastor,  Rev.  Elden  G. 
Buckfin,  is  chaplain  of  the  Rhode 
Island  State  Grange. 

*  *  * 

A  FINE  GESTURE  of  appreciation 
was  recently  made  by  Massachusetts 
Grange  lecturers  who  served  under 
Mrs.  Mary  J.  Schindler  of  Halifax,  who 
retired  from  that  position  November 
1st  after  having  filled  it  for  eight  suc¬ 
cessive  years.  A  purse  of  approxi¬ 
mately  $100  was  collected  and  was 
presented  to  Mrs.  Schindler  at  a  large 
Pomona  meeting  in  her  home  juris¬ 
diction. 

*  *  * 

A  SPLENDID  RECORD  in  organizing 
new  subordinate  Granges  in  the  state 
of  Virginia  has  been  made  by  Clifford 
E.  Rugg,  National  Deputy,  who  is 
widely  known  in  Grange  circles 
throughout  Washington,  Warren  and 
Saratoga  counties  in  New  York  State. 
Since  the  last  session  of  the  Virginia 
State  Grange,  Deputy  Rugg  has  or¬ 
ganized  eight  new  Granges  in  the  coun¬ 
ties  of  Halifax,  Charlotte,  Bucking¬ 
ham  and  Prince  Edward.  Three  of 
these  counties  had  no  previous  Granges 
and  all  have  been  given  an  excellent 
start. 

— A.  A.— 

HORSE  AND 
BUGGY  DAYS 

( Continued  from  Page  5) 
a  rough  time  on  the  sea  and  vowed 
that  if  he  ever  got  back  to  “terra 
cotta”  he’d  never  leave  it  again. 

It  seemed  like  hours  that  we  were 
working  across  the  lake,  but  probably 
it  wasn’t  that  long,  for  although  we 
were  not  rowing  much,  the  wind  was 
carrying  us  along  some.  Finally  we 
got  near  the  other  shore,  and  suddenly 
the  boat  turned  in  spite  of  us,  the 
waves  caught  her,  and  over  we  went. 
Fortunately  the  water  was  shallow  and 
after  a  time  we  succeeded  in  dragging 
ourselves  and  the  boat  up  on  the  shore. 
We  sat  down  to  let  the  trembling  get 
out  of  our  knees,  but  instantly  began 
to  shiver.  We  were  wet  through,  a 
cold  November  wind  was  blowing,  and 
we  were  far  from  home.  Near  us  were 
some  summer  cabins,  but  they  proved 
to  be  locked.  We  knew  better  than 
to  try  to  get  back  across  the  lake  with 
the  boat,  so  we  set  out  to  walk  four 
miles  to  the  town  at  the  foot  of  the 
lake,  and  from  there  another  four  miles 
more  up  the  lake  to  the  College  on 
the  other  side.  We  finally  got  back, 
and  I  remember  that  I  was  kinda  mad 
because  you  hadn’t  even  missed  me! 
After  that  episode,  horse  and  buggy 
transportation  was  good  enough  for 
me.  No  more  boats! 

(To  be  continued) 

— A.  a. — 

OUR  FAMILY  ACRES 

( Continued  from  Page  1) 
this  farm  and  make  a  mental  apprais¬ 
al  of  it,  and  try  to  see  it  through  the 
eyes  of  a  stranger  who  has  no  special 
ties  or  interest  in  it.  When  I  have  done 
this,  I  end  by  concluding  that  it  is  a 
very  good  —  perhaps  an  excellent  — 
farm.  Of  course,  I  can  suggest  im¬ 
provements.  If  I  were  a  good  fairy 
(which  I  am  not),  I  would  wave  my 
magic  wand  and  move  the  farm  two 
or  three  hundred  miles  south  and  a 
thousand  feet  nearer  sea-level.  That 
change  would  take  much  of  the  bite 
out  of  our  winters  and  leave  us  less 
snow  to  shovel.  Then  I  would  mould 
our  steep  hills  into  gently  rolling 
slopes  and  I  would  iron  out  some  of 
our  little  valleys,  but  I  would  surely 
keep  our  strong  limestone  land  which 
seems  to  just  fit  most  of  the  crops  of 
the  Milk  Shed.  All  in  all,  I  am  pretty 
well  satisfied  with  the  farm  where  I 
was  born,  where  I  have  always  lived 
and  where  I  expect  to  lay  me  down  at 
the  last. 

I  think  that  without  improper  ego¬ 


tism  I  may  say  that  throughout  its 
history  this  farm  has  had  good  care. 
By  this  I  mean  that  its  proprietors 
have  been  men  who  believed  in  it  and 
in  a  way  loved  it.  Not  one  of  them 
has  farmed,  hoping  meanwhile  that 
some  day  he  would  be  able  to  leave  it. 
No  one  of  them  has  ever  tried  to  be  a 
“gentleman-farmer,”  which  I  define  as 
an  alleged  agriculturist  who  always 
manages  to  keep  a  hired  man  between 
himself  and  the  milking-stool.  All  my 
people  have  been  hard-handed  men  who 
walked  between  their  own  plow- 
handles.  Years  ago  my  father  wanted 
a  sentiment  to  be  carved  on  one  of 
the  stone  posts  of  the  entrance  gate¬ 
way.  Finally  he  hit  on  this  old  rhyme: 

“He  who  by  the  plow  would  thrive, 
Himself  must  either  hold  or  drive  ” 

The  tradition  still  carries  on.  Al¬ 
ways,  always  when  at  home,  both  my 
son  and  myself  milk  cows  at  five 
o’clock  in  the  morning,  so  it  is  evident 
that  we  are  far  removed  from  gentle¬ 
man-farmers. 

Having  said  this  much  concerning 
the  farm,  perhaps  I  may  for  the  sake 
of  the  picture  say  a  Jittle  concerning 
the  family. 

I  suppose  that  by  virtue  of  seniority, 
I — along  with  my  wife — must  be  re¬ 
garded  as  the  head  of  the  family.  We 
have  three  daughters  out  in  the  world 
but  at  home  is  a  son,  Jared  III,  and 
his  wife  and  three  grandchildren — two 
girls  and  a  five-year-old  boy,  Jared  IV, 


.VICTORY 


BUY 

UNITED 
STATES 
SAVINGS 
^ONDS 
AND  SIAM  PS 


who  I  hope  will  some  day  be  the  mas¬ 
ter  of  the  family  acres. 

We  seven  live  in  one  house,  eat  at 
one  table  and  have  one  bank  account. 
I  think  it  may  fairly  be  called  a  closely 
knit  partnership.  I  say  with  entire 
sincerity  and  humility  that  I  am  afraid 
that  I  represent  the  low  point  between 
two  good  farmers. 

I  believe  my  son  to  be  a  better  farm¬ 
er  than  I  have  ever  been  and  I  know 
that  I  have  failed  to  measure  up  to 
the  standard  set  by  my  father.  At  this 
distance  from  him,  it  will  be  entirely 
proper  filial  pride  which  leads  me  to 
say  that  he  was  a  most  outstanding 
man  in  many  ways.  Had  the  Honor¬ 
able  Order  of  Master  Farmers  been 
in  existence  in  his  day,  I  feel  sure  he 
would  have  qualified.  As  a  farmer  he 
was  in  advance  of  his  time  and  he  was 
one  to  whom  the  smell  of  the  new- 
turned  earth  was  sweet.  Now  that  he 
is  gone,  we  who  come  after  him  must 
confess  that  we  fail  to  fill  his  place. 


We  see  it  on  the  farm  where  you  are  producing 
more  pork,  beef,  milk  and  eggs.  We  see  it  in  the  factory 
where  the  things  needed  in  this  war  are  being  made  and 
in  the  many  special  tasks  people  are  cheerfully  doing  in 
addition  to  their  regular  work.  We  know  frojn  the  extra 
telephone  calls  we’re  handling  that  every  one  is  on  the 
move.  Telephone  lines  are  carrying  a  lot  of  messages 
these  days,  hut,  as  always,  we  will  do  our  best  to  meet 
your  telephone  needs. 

BELL  TELEPHONE  SYSTEM 


(300)  22 


Ai  erican  Agriculturist,  May  9,  1942 


Kernels, 
Screenings 
and  Chaff 

By  H.  E.  BABCOCK 


1AM  WRITING  this  immediate¬ 
ly  after  listening  to  the  Presi¬ 
dent’s  fireside  chat  on  the  eve¬ 
ning  of  April  28.  I  am  going  to 
comment  on  only  one  of  the  points 
in  the  Seven  Point  Program  he  pre¬ 
sented  to  the  nation. 

The  Parity  Concept 

He  calls  for  ceilings  on  farm 
prices  at  100  per  cent  of  so-called 
parity  instead  of  at  110  per  cent  of 
parity.  Parity  prices  for  agricul¬ 
tural  products  may  be  defined  as 
those  prices  which  are  reasonably 
well  in  balance  with  farm  costs. 

Surely  farmers  to  a  man  will 
gladly  accept  such  prices  for  the 
period  of  the  war.  Even  though 
food  and  fibre  become  scarce ,  we 
want  no  war  profits  at  the  expense 
of  our  own  people  or  our  Allies. 

Editor's  Note:  Mr.  Babcock  is  right, 
of  course,  but  farmers  also  have  the 
right  to  expect  that  other  classes  be 
treated  similarly  and  make  similar 
sacrifices.  In  his  statement  to  Con¬ 
gress,  the  President  recommended 
what  may  amount  to  a  reduction  in 
farm  prices,  but  made  no  such  demand 
for  lower  wages.  On  the  contrary,  he 
insisted  that  the  forty-hour  week 
should  be  extended,  and  that  labor 
should  receive  time  and  a  half  for  over¬ 
time  beyond  forty  hours  a  week. 

Farmers  work  from  fifty  to  sixty 
hours  a  week,  and  were  they  to  charge 
even  a  fraction  per  hour  of  what  the 
laboring  man  receives,  food  prices 
would  be  beyond  the  reach  of  the  aver¬ 
age  consumer. — E.  R.  Eastman. 

New  Legislation 

Because  Congress  has  already 
voted  that  agricultural  price  ceilings 
shall  be  110  per  cent  of  parity,  the 
President’s  recommendation  of  par¬ 
ity  only,  requires  new  legislation. 

When  this  legislation  comes  up, 
there  comes  with  it  an  opportun¬ 
ity  to  correct  an  injustice  which 
the- poultry  men  and  dairymen  of 
many  sections  of  the  United  States 
have  suffered  whenever  the  parity 
formula  has  been  used  to  deter¬ 
mine  prices. 

This  injustice  arises  from  the  fact 
that  the  present  parity  formula,  due 
to  unusually  low  prices  for  eggs 
and  milk  during  the  base  period 
1910  to  1914  and  to  rapid  increases 
in  cash  farm  costs  in  certain  sec¬ 
tions  of  late,  results  in  price  ceilings 
for  these  products  which  are  consid¬ 
erably  below  comparable  price  ceil¬ 
ings  for  other  agricultural  products. 

Now  is  the  Time 

It  is  of  utmost  importance  to 
everyone  of  you  who  keeps  hens 
or  who  milks  cows  to  heed  this 
advice.  When  legislation  is  intro¬ 
duced  in  Congress  to  set  ceiling 
prices  at  parity,  we  must  demand 
and  get  a  new  formula  for  figur¬ 
ing  parity  which  will  include  the 


factor  of  industrial  wages  and  per¬ 
mit  egg  and  milk  price  ceilings 
comparable  to  the  price  ceilings  of 
other  agricultural  commodities. 

—  A.  A. — 

MORE  EXPERT  OPINION 

It  looks  as  though  we  would  have 
to  begin  filling  one  of  our  silos  at 
Sunnygables  by  at  least  May  25.  Our 
ladino  clover  should  be  ready  by  then 
and  even  if  it  isn’t,  there  are  a  lot  of 
weeds  which  should  be  cut  if  we  are 
to  put  them  into  the  silo  before  they 
mature  enough  to  scatter  seed. 

While  we  have  definitely  decided  to 
fill  two  silos  at  Larchmont  with  a  mix¬ 
ture  of  legume  hay  and  green  wheat, 
we  have  not  yet  decided  what  method 
we  shall  follow  in  making  our  legume 
and  grass  silage  at  Sunnygables. 

Last  issue  we  printed  Professor  Ben¬ 
der’s  ideas  about  the  making  of  legume 
silage  through  the  addition  of  grain. 
This  issue  we  have  the  opinions  of 
two  more  experts. 

NOT  FAVORABLE 

J.  S.  Owens,  Professor  of  Agronomy 
at  the  University  of  Connecticut, 
writes  as  follows: 

“The  case  for  mixing  grains  with 
legumes  and  immature  grasses  appears 
weak.  The  soluble  carbohydrates  are 
too  low  to  speed  up  the  formation  of 
lactic  and  acetic  acids  appreciably. 
The  observed  benefit  could  be  due  to 
the  decreased  moisture  content  result¬ 
ing  from  the  mixture.  By  adding  200 
pounds  of  corn  meal  to  1800  pounds  of 
fresh  cut  clover  ( 80  per  cent  mois¬ 
ture),  the  moisture  content  of  the  mix¬ 
ture  is  reduced  to  about  65  per  cent. 
This  is  the  difference  between  too 
much  moisture  for  good  preservation 
regardless  of  crop  or  addgd  ‘preserva¬ 
tive’  and  the  optimum,  or  a  condition 
which  generally  means  good  silage  re¬ 
gardless  of  crop  or  treatment.  Dry¬ 
ing  the  crop  until  wilted  will  achieve 
the  same  result.  It  is  clear  that  a 
considerable  portion  of  the  added  grain 
may  be  lost  in  the  fermentation,  a 
loss  which  can  be  avoided  by  dry  stor¬ 
age.” 

OPEN  MINDED 

Professor  E.  S.  Savage  of  Cornell 
University  partially  checks  with  Mr. 
Owens  but  seems  to  be  more  favorably 
inclined  toward  the  idea  of  mixing  in 
ground  grain  with  green  legumes  and 
grasses.  Professor  Savage  writes: 

“I  agree  with  you  that  we  now  have 
experience  enough  to  make  grass  silage 
without  either  molasses  or  phosphoric 
acid  unless  one  wishes  to  use  one  of 
these  preservatives  as  insurance. 

“Water  Content:  From  my  own  ex¬ 
perience  and  that  of  others,  my  con¬ 
clusion  is  that  the  water  content  of 
green  silage  material  should  be  66  to 
68  per  cent.  We  cannot  determine 
this  in  the  field  because  as  yet  we  have 
no  simple  moisture  tester,  so  we  must 
learn  to  wilt  our  material  to  this  stage 
just  as  we  have  learned  to  judge  when 
hay  is  dry  enough  to  get  in.  The  right 
water  content  is  one  of  the  important 
factors.  This  is  a  skill  farmers  must 
acquire. 

“Sugar  Content :  To  develop  the 
right  amount  of  acid  to  keep  well,  sil¬ 
age  material  must  have  3  to  4  per 
cent  sugar.  The  nearer  4  per  cent  the 
better.  Alfalfa,  one-half  bloom  stage 
has  2.2  per  cent,  ladino  clover  2.3  per 
cent,  red  clover  2.8  to  3  per  cent,  clov¬ 
er  and  timothy  3  per  cent.  Green 
wheat  has  4  to  5%  per  cent  sugar.  I 
know  one  farmer  in  northern  New 
York  who  had  been  making  good  grass 
silage  from  wilted  clover  and  timothy 
eight  years  before  there  was  any  pub¬ 
licity  put  out  on  this  method.  He 
used  no  preservative.  The  sugar  per¬ 
centage  above  shows  why. 

“Good  silage  can  without  any  doubt 
be  made  from  ladino  clover  or  alfalfa 
if  properly  mixed  with  green  wheat 


I  cannot  remember  whether  these 
crops  come  off  together  or  not.  I  am 
inclined  to  believe  that  the  ladino  and 
first  cutting  alfalfa  will  Ije  rather  early 
for  the  wheat.  This  season  will  tell. 

“ Grass  silage  made  with  ground 
wheat,  ground  corn  or  hominy’'.  Any 
cereal  grain  used  should  be  coarsely 
ground.  One  hundred  sixty  pounds  of 
wheat  mixed  with  2,000  pounds  of 
green  silage  material  would  yield  a 
feed  so  that  an  animal  would  get  4 
pounds  of  wheat  in  each  50  pounds  of 
silage  eaten.  I  do  not  advise  silage 
alone.  I  think  it  is  more  economical 
to  feed  some  hay.  Therefore,  I  advise 
200  pounds  of  wheat  or  other  grain 
with  each  2,000  pounds  of  green  ma¬ 
terial.  Silage  fed  alone  with  no  hay 
would  be  a  ration  probably  lacking  in 
Vitamin  D. 

“There  is  much  controversy  over  the 
question  whether  the  starch  in  the 
cereal  grain  yields  any  sugar  or  acid. 
I  make  no  comment.  These  three  facts 
are  probably  true:  (1)  the  amount  of 
sugar  derived  from  the  starch  of  the 
cereal  grain  is  very  small,  if  any; 
(2)  The  chief  advantage  is  probably 
derived  from  the  fact  that  the  addition 
of  the  cereal  increases  the  dry  matter 
content  of  the  silage  material  and, 
therefore,  brings  the  water  content  of 
the  silage  material  closer  to  the  ideal 


of  68  per  cent  water;  (3)  Very  little 
of  the  cereal  grain  is  destroyed  in  the 
silage  and  when  it  is  mixed  in,  is  in 
ideal  condition  to  be  eaten.” 

*  *  * 

Renewing  Sow  Herd 

On  April  6th  we  sent  to  market  six 
sows,  which  in  February  had  provide^ 
us  with  our  Spring  crop  of  fifty  head. 

My  report  from  the  Producers  Co- 
Operative  Commission  Assn.,  Inc., 
shows  that  the  six  sows  weighed  2,950 
lbs.  and  that  they  sold  at  $12.75  cwt., 
bringing  a  gross  price  of  $376.12.  Af¬ 
ter  deductions  of  $2.07  for  yardage  and 
feed,  lc  for  fire  insurance,  2c  for  ad¬ 
vertising  meat,  and  $1.50  commission, 
or  a  total  of  $3.60,  the  six  sows  netted 
$372.52,  or  slightly  over  $62.00  a  head. 

We  are  replacing  these  old  sows  with 
six  gilts  which  would  have  sold  at  the 
time  we  bred  them  for  about  $30.00 
apiece.  My  point  in  reporting  this  ex¬ 
perience  in  some  detail  is  this:  It 
seems  to  be  a  very  good  time  to  dis¬ 
pose  of  old  heavy  sows  and  to  replace! 
them  with  young  gilts.  Old  sows  are 
bringing  a  price  which  is  out  of  pro¬ 
portion  to  that  brought  by  200  lb. 
young  slaughter  hogs. 


The  two  purebred  Guernsey  heifers  shown  above  were  about  18  months  old  when 
the  pictures  were  taken.  They  had  just  been  turned  out  to  pasture  during  the  last 
week  of  April.  Both  are  bred  and  both  are  daughters  of  Monies  Major  of  Elm¬ 
wood,  214348,  one  of  the  very  highest  producing  Guernsey  bulls  of  all  time. 

What  I  hope  that  the  pictures  bring  out  is  the  superb  condition  of  the  heifers 
after  having  wintered^  on  one  feeding  a  day  of  legume  silage  made  with  phosphoric 
acid  and  chopped  alfalfa  hay  plus  a  very  little  grain. 

Discussing  the  other  day  the  use  of  legume  silage  made  with  phosphoric  acid  with 
T.  E.  Milliman  of  Hayfields  Farms,  near  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Mr.  Milliman  informed 
me  he  was  getting  the  best  production  ever  from  his  herd  of  grade  and  purebred 
Guernseys,  and  that  this  was  the  fifth  year  in  succession  that  they  had  been  fed 
substantial  quantities  of  legume  silage  made  with  phosphoric  acid. 

From  Mr.  Milliman’s  observation  and  our  own,  we  cannot  discover  any  accumu¬ 
lative  bad  effects  from  the  feeding  of  phosphoric  acid  silage,  and  we  think  that  this 
silage  has  some  distinctive  qualities  which  show  up  in  the  coats  and  condition  !#f 
the  animals  to  which  it  is  fed. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  9,  1942 


23  (  301) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 

By  otto  JB.  G&Uuie 


EXPENSIVE 

“My  wife  gave  a  picture  to  an  agent 
to  be  enlarged  and  paid  $2.98.  When  the 
enlargement  was  delivered,  it  was  in  a 
frame  and  the  agent  wanted  $11.98.  We 
did  not  have  the  money  and  the  agent 
took  the  picture.  We  wrote  the  company 
and  they  told  us  we  would  have  to  take 
the  frame.  The  picture  was  of  our  baby, 
and  it  is  the  only  one  we  have.  We 
would  like  to  get  it  back.” 

This  is  an  old  practice  of  picture 
enlargement  companies.  The  informa¬ 
tion  about  the  frame  is  usually  on  the 
order  but  it  is  such  fine  print  that  you 
have  to  have  a  magnifying  glass  to 
read  it.  Often,  the  picture  to  be  en¬ 
larged  is  the  only  copy  the  customer 
has,  and  to  get  it,  the  customer  will 
sometimes  pay  an  exorbitant  price  for 
the  frame.  In  this  case  we  are  de¬ 
manding  that  the  picture  be  returned 
to  its  owner.  It  is  our  conclusion  that 
the  best  way  to  get  an  enlargement 
is  to  take  the  picture  to  a  local  pho¬ 
tographer. 

— a.  a. — 

CHICK  RACKET 

Herman  Frank  of  Auburn,  and  Ed¬ 
ward  O'Neil  of  Rochester,  were  recent¬ 
ly  arrested  for  selling  cockerels  on 
the  claim  that  they  were  pullets.  Each 
of  the  men  was  fined  $25.00  and  sen¬ 
tenced  to  25  days  in  jail.  The  Genesee 
County  Sheriff  and  District  Attorney 
are  to  be  congratulated.  This  type  of 
racket  started  up  a  year  ago  and  we 
have  warned  our  subscribers  about  it 
several  titnes.  Don’t  take  chances  by 
buying  chicks  from  unknown  men 
who  call  at  your  farm.  District  At¬ 
torney  Kelley  states  that  the  men  ad¬ 
mitted  buying  cockerels  from  $1.65  to 
$2.00  a  hundred  and  seHing  them  for 
$8.00  a  hundred. 

— a.  a. — 

AMUSEMENT  TAX 

“I  understand  there  has  been  a  change 
in  the  regulations  about  amusement 
taxes.  Does  a  lodge  or  church  have  to 
pay  a  tax  when  admission  is  charged  for 
an  entertainment?  Do  we  have  to  pay 
a  tax  on  dinners  served  by  churches  or 
lodges?” 

Effective  October Y,  1941,  all  exemp¬ 
tions  to  the  Federal  Tax  on  amuse¬ 
ments  were  terminated.  You  must  col¬ 
lect  a  tax  from  the  person  to  whom 
the  ticket  is  sold,  of  lc  on  each  10c 
or  part  thereof  on  the  price  of  admis¬ 
sion.  The  price  and  the  amount  of  the 
tax  and  the  total  must  be  printed  on 
each  ticket.  Returns  are  made  to  your 
nearest  collector  of  internal  revenue. 
No  tax  is  required  on  dinners  if  no 
entertainment  is  furnished  in  connec¬ 
tion  with  them. 

— a.  a. — 

STALE  NEWS 

‘‘I  received  a  notice  from  a  clipping 
service  that  for  $1.00  they  will  send  me 
a  newspaper  article  in  which  my  name 
appears.  Is  this  a  racket?” 

We  do  not  think  you  would  be 
stretching  matters  too  much  to  call  it 
that.  .  Others  who,  through  curiosity 
have  parted  with  their  dollar,  have  re¬ 
ceived  clippings  from  their  local  paper. 
These  clipping  bureaus  subscribe  to 
papers  all  over  the  country  and  send 
out  these  cards  by  the  wholesale. 

— a.  a. — 

learning 

The  National  Home  Study  Council 
of  Washington,  D.  C„  tells  us  that 
there  are  350  correspondence  schools 
in  this  country.  Of  these,  the  Council 
has  approved  only  46. 

Correspondence  schools  are  an  excel¬ 


lent  method  of  getting  more  training 
if  certain  rules  are  followed.  First,  a 
student  must  be  willing  to  sacrifice  a 
regular  definite  amount  of  time  for 
study.  Second,  schools  are  most  help¬ 
ful  in  increasing  training  in  the  job 
you  now  have;  they  are  not  so  success¬ 
ful  in  training  you  for  some  new  voca¬ 
tion.  Third,  before  you  enroll  you 
should  be  certain  you  have  the  money 
to  pay  the  costs.  Most  schools  require 
a  contract  stating  that  you  must  pay 
for  the  entire  course  whether  or  not 
you  finish  it.  Fourth,  check  on  the 
reliability  of  the  school  before  you 
sign  a  contract.  The  Service  Bureau 
will  be  glad  to  do  this  for  you. 

— a.  a. — 

LICENSE  DIRECT  RUYERS 

When  the  New  York  State  Poultry 
Council  met  in  Ithaca  recently,  approv¬ 
al  was  given  to  a  proposed  amendment 
to  the  New  York  State  Agriculture  and 
Markets  Law  which  would  require 
licensing  and  bonding  of  dealers  who 
buy  eggs  direct  from  producers.  Since 
1922,  there  has  been  a  law  on  the  books 
requiring  all  buyers  of  farm  produce 
who  deal  on  a  commission  basis  to 
secure  licenses  and  post  bonds.  As  a 
result,  there  are  fewer  egg  buyers  who 
deal  on  a  commission  basis  and.,  more 
who  buy  on  a  net  return  basis. 

In  past  years  there  have  been  alto¬ 
gether  too  many  losses  in  the  way  of 
non-payment  for  eggs,  and  every  poul- 
tryman  will  approve  such  a  change  in 
the  law. 

— a.  a. — 

WHY  TAKE  CHANCES? 

“I  shipped  two  cases  of  eggs  to  a  deal¬ 
er  in  New  York  City^  I  got  a  check  for 
the  first  case,  but  it  was  returned  from 
the  bank  marked  ‘Account  closed’.  I 
have  not  heard  at  all  from  the  second 
case.  Can  you  collect  this  for  me?” 

We  will  do  our  best.  However,  we 
do  not  find  this  firm  listed  in  our  mar¬ 
ket  guide.  As  a  poultryman,  you  are 
taking  a  distinct  chance  when  you 
ship  eggs  to  any  buyer  until  you  have 
investigated  his  standing. 

— a.  a. — 

PREVENT  ACCIDENTS 

All  users  of  explosives  are  being 
asked  to  cooperate  in  the  movement 
to  protect  children  from  the  dangers 
of  playing  with  blasting  caps.  Al¬ 
though  warnings  against  allowing 
these  caps  to  fall  into  the  hands  of 
children  are  contained  in  each  box  of 
caps,  records  show  that  many  of  them 
are  left  lying  carelessly  about.  Those 
who  use  explosives  can  make  them¬ 
selves  the  most  important  factor  in  the 
movement  to  save  children  from  in¬ 
juries  and  sometimes  death  by  making 
sure  that  the  caps  are  carefully  stored 
away  where  boys  and  girls  cannot  get 
them. 

Accidents  to  children  from  playing 
with  blasting  caps  decreased  in  1941 
as  compared  with  1940.  The  desire 
this  year  is  to  eliminate  these  dangers 
as  completely  as  possible.  It  is  felt 
that  this  can.be  done  if  there  is  whole¬ 
hearted  cooperation  on  the  part  of  all. 

— a.  a. — 

NO  LETTERS 

“Our  church  group  ordered  some  hang¬ 
ers  from  Bowdean  Distributors  of  War¬ 
ren,  Pennsylvania.  We  received  an  ac¬ 
knowledgement  of  the  order,  but  the 
hangers  did  not  come,  and  further  letters 
have  been  ignored.” 

We  have  written  to  the  Bowdean 
Company,  two  letters  in  fact,  and  re¬ 
ceived  no  reply.  We  are  giving  you 
these  facts  for  your  guidance. 


ANOTHER  POLICYHOLDER’S  WRECKED  CAR 


CjlLES  WILLIAM  HILEY,  Smithboro,  N.  Y.,  was  killed  in 
stantly  near  Ithaca  when  his  car  left  the  road  and  crashed  into  i 
tree.  Reports  indicate  that  Mr.  Hiley  fell  asleep  and  his  car  struck 
one  tree  and  then  swung  around  and  crashed  broadside  into  an¬ 
other. 

Fortunately,  Mr.  Hiley  carried  one  of  our  Limited  Travel  Insur¬ 
ance  Policies,  for  which  he  paid  $2.00.  Because  he  had  that  policy, 
we  could  extend  a  helping  hand  to  Mrs.  Hiley  and  her  five  daugh¬ 
ters  and  three  sons  —  by  delivering  the  North  American  check 
for  $1000.00. 


BENEFITS  RECENTLY  PAID 


E.  Merrel  Tower,  R.  3,  Albion.  N.  Y _ $  10.00 

Auto  accident — burned  hand 
Frank  L.  Yates,  North  St..  Patterson,  N.Y.  112.86 

Hit  by  truck — frac.  leg 

John  Cowen,  R.  I,  Randolph.  N.  Y _  14.28 

Auto  accident — frac.  clavicle 

Mrs.  Emma  Duttweiler,  So.  Byron,  N.  Y...  128.57 

Auto  accident — cut  over  eye 

Rae  J.  Wilcox,  DeRuyter,  N.  Y _  71.43 

Sleigh  accident — frac.  leg 

Robert  L.  Wilson.  Bovina.  N.  Y _  130.00 

Auto  accident— broken  arm  and  cuts 

Charles  Simerson.  R  2,  Nichols,  N.  Y _ *  35.00 

Wagon  accident —sprained  ankle 

Anna  Reynolds.  Larchmont,  N.  Y _  51.43 

Auto  accident — frac.  finger,  bruised  knee 

Nelson  Bush.  R.  4,  Potsdam,  N.  Y _  3.57 

Sled  tipped  over — cut.  eye 


Charles  R.  Stacy,  R.  I.  Canton,  N.  Y _ *  20.00 

Sled  accident — bruised  back  and  chest 
Helen  M.  Hourihan,  No.  Lawrence.  N.  Y.  30.00 
Auto  accident — cut  knee,  sprained  ankle 

Melvin  P.  Fisher,  Syracuse,  N.  Y _  20.00 

Truck  accident — bruised  back  and  side 
Norman  Eick.  R.  2,  Middleport,  N.  Y.-_  48.57 

Auto  accident — frac.  wrist 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Landon,  R.  I,  Wayland,  N.Y.  85.71 

Auto  accident — dislocated  shoulder 


Daniel  Donovan,  Wales  Center,  N.  Y _  24.28 

Auto  accident — frac.  skull 

Grace  A.  Hatmaker,  Clifton  Springs.  N.  Y.  60.00 

Auto  accident — frac.  clavicle  and  nose 

Frank  Heise.  Hamlin,  N.  Y _  20.00 

Hit  by  auto — bruised  elbows 

Cecil  E.  Brewster,  Est.,  Houlton,  Me _ 1000.00 

Truck  struck  by  train — mortuary 
Ressa  Flewelling,  Colby  College,  Waterville, 

Me.  -  20.00 

Auto  accident — gash  on  knee,  sprained  ankle 

William  M.  Neil,  R.  2.  Wiscasset,  Me _  64.28 

Truck  accident — broken  ribs,  internal  injuries 
Frieda  S.  Bonney,  13  Goff  St.,  Auburn,  Me.  110.00 
Auto  accident^-laeerated  knee 

Mrs.  Lavina  Dicker,  Springfield,  Me _  14.28 

Truck  accident — bruised  leg  &  concussion 

John  J.  Donohue.  Est.,  Lewiston,  Me _ 1000.00 

Struck  by  auto — mortuary 


Mrs.  Bessie  J.  Wilbur,  Franklin,  Me _  12.86 

Auto  accident — bruised  back  and  shoulder 
Claude  R.  Boyington,  Kingman,  Me _  130.00 

Auto  accident — frac.  skull 

Ray  A.  Spaulding,  Strong,  Me _  20.00 

Auto  accident — cut  face,  bruised  chest 

Mrs.  Gladys  Alexander,  R.  I,  Bridgewater, 

Me.  - - - - -  40.00 

Auto  accident — cut  over  eye,  frac.  rib 

Thomas  D.  Mills,  St.  Albans,  Me _  30.00 

Auto  accident — frac.  shoulder 

Thomas  J.  O’Neil,  R.  2,  Richmond,  Vt.__  130.00 

Wagon  accident— frac.  arm 

Homer  H.  Tyler,  Essex  Junction,  Vt _  30.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  shoulder,  contusions 

Joseph  C.  Cota,  R.  I,  Grand  Isle,  Vt _  10.00 

Auto  accident — sprains 

Ray  B.  Godfrey,  E.  Corinth,  Vt _  64.28 

Hit  by  a  truck — bruised  shoulder,  arm 
Albert  Rathburn,  R.  2,  Marshfield,  Vt _  24.28 

Sled  accident — cut  hand 

Joseph  Prokulewicz,  Cavendish,  Vt _  110.00 

Auto  accident — fractured  skull 
Paul  T.  Doherty,  Main  St..  Wilton,  N.  H.  10.00 

Auto  accident — lacerated  face 
Herman  E.  Glines,  R.  2,  Wilton,  N.  H.__  10.00 

Auto  accident — cut  face,  bruised  head 
Mrs.  Blanche  Nelson,  R.  2,  Warner,  N.  H.*  40.00 
Auto  accident — cut  face  and  neck 

Fred  Gilbert,  R.  I,  Whitefield,  N.  H _ 37.14 

Sled  accident — bruised  shoulder 

Annuncia  M.  Hurley,  Manchester,  N.  H. _  70.00 

Auto  accident — sprained  shoulder,  inj.  hand 

Charles  Lenhoff,  R.  2.  Adams,  Mass _  51.43 

Auto  accident — frac.  collarbone 

Mrs.  Evelyn  Jarvis,  Greenfield,  Mass _  21.43 

Auto  accident — sprained  ankle 

Oliver  Therian.  Windsor  Locks,  Conn _  54.28 

Auto  accident — cuts  and  bruises 

Joseph  Romyns,  Franklin,  N.  J _  15.00 

Hit  by  truck — bruised  elbows,  knees 

Isabell  H.  Oborne,  Est.,  Rahway,  N.  J _ 1000.00 

Head  on  collision — mortuary 

James  W.  Evans,  R.  I,  Delmar,  Del _  121.43 

Auto  accident — frac.  humerus 
*  Over-age. 


$719,723.18 

has  been  paid  to  10,200  policyholders 


North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co 

Oldest  and  Carfest  Exclusive  JfeattH  and  Occident  Company  in  America 
N.  A. ASSOCIATES  DEPARTMENT  Poughkeepsie  N  Y. 


Farmers  Must  Act  Promptly  to  Keep  Their 

Cars  and  Trucks  on  the  Road 


THE  plain  facts  of  the  rubber  situation  are  these: 

No  new  tires  are  being  manufactured.  Barring  a 
miracle,  none  will  be  made  for  civilian  use  for  at  least  two 
years,  possibly  three.  The  nation’s  present  stock  of  tires 
will  not  even  take  care  of  all  those  who  have  first  call  on 
tires  under  the  rationing  program. 

Unless  farmers  themselves  take  action,  many  of  the 
275,000  farm  cars  and  trucks  that  haul  most  of  the  crops 
and  farm  supplies  in  G.L.F.  territory  will  be  out  of  tires 
and  off  the  road  inside  of  a  year. 

To  keep  cars  and  trucks  operating,  farmers  can  act — 

,,.as  individuals 

.  .  .  with  the  neighbors 

.  .  .  through  their  cooperatives 

Every  farmer  can  cut  his  own  mileage  way  down  by 
planning  trips  to  town  carefully.  He  can  cut  it  still  further 
by  doubling  up  with  one  or  two  of  the  neighbors.  Farmers 
together  can  use  their  G.L.F.  to  conserve  the  tire  supply 
of  the  whole  community. 

In  the  cooperative  machinery  they  have  set  up,  farmers 


have  an  ideal  means  of  dealing  with  transportation.  It  is 
simply  a  question  of  applying  farmer-owned  facilities  to  a 
new  farm  problem.  In  some  localities,  G.L.F.  Patrons’  Com¬ 
mittees  and  Alert  Area  groups  are  already  tackling  it. 

Many  G.L.F.  Service  Agencies  have  already  worked  out 
plans  for  handling  all  farm  deliveries  on  regular  routes  and 
on  regular  scheduled  days.  Some  have  arranged  with  an 
individual  patron  to  take  care  of  the  hauling  for  his 
neighborhood. 

The  problem  we  face  today  is  to  conserve  tires  by  cutting 
down  the  tire  mileage  of  the  entire  farm  community — the 
mileage  of  farm  cars  and  trucks,  of  G.L.F.  trucks,  of  private 
dealers’  trucks.  Special  deliveries,  cross-hauling,  long  trips 
with  a  half-empty  truck — these  must  be  cut  out. 

Use  your  G.L.F.  Service  Agency  as  a  center  for  working 
out  plans  to  keep  farm  transportation  rolling. 


Cooperative  G.L.F.  Exchange  Inc.,  Ithaca,  N.  fa 


SAVE  TIRES. 


SAVE 


KEEP  ’EM  ROLLING  LONGER. ..BY  WORKING  TOGETHER 


ftgsj®? 


N  THE  STRONG  limestone  soil  of 
Hillside  Farm  the  cereals  do  well, 
and  in  the  past  we  have  always  grown 
a  good  deal  of  grain.  Once  at  least, 
in  recent  years,  we  ran  our  small 
grain  area  up  above  fifty  acres,  which 
meant  some  fifty  tons  of  home-grown  grain. 
With  the  years  we  have  settled  down  to  sow¬ 
ing  a  mixture  of  oats  and  barley,  equal  parts 
by  measure,  not  by  weight.  The  resulting 
crop  should  weigh  well  above  forty  pounds 
to  the  struck-measure  bushel.  One  year  with 
another,  we  expect  to  grow  about  one  ton  per 
acre  of  this  oats-barlev  combination.  This 
is  not  at  all  a  noteworthy  yield  and  is  not  as 
good  as  other  men  report.  When  it  comes 
to  wheat,  we  do  better.  If  our  wheat  gives 
less  than  forty  bushels  per  acre  we  feel  that 
something  has  gone  wrong.  In  view  of  the 
fact  that  as  a  rule  we  get  more  pounds  of 
wheat  than  of  oats  and  barley  from  an  acre, 
it  would  seem  logical  to  lay  our  greatest  em¬ 
phasis  on  the  grain  which  we  used  to  think  of 
in  terms  of  bread  but  which  we  now  raise  to 
sell  for  seed  or  to  feed  the  hens  or  to  grind 
for  use  in  the  dairy  ration. 

I  may  say  that  in  growing  grain  we  have 
come  to  believe  that  the  combine  is  a  great 
forward  step  in  economical  harvesting.  In¬ 
deed,  we  feel  so  certain  about  this  that  we 
have  sold  a  very  modern  threshing  machine 
complete  with  wind-stacker,  self-feeder, 


By  jja/ieci  <mz*i  Wayenen,  U>i. 

weigher  and  bagger,  and  replaced  it  with  a 
combine  operated  by  a  separate  gasoline  en¬ 
gine  rather  than  the  more  usual  power-takeoff 
from  the  tractor.  We  have  used  the  combine 
in  dry  years  and  in  wet  years,  and  we  are 
persuaded  that  it  will  harvest  grain  with 
greater  economy  of  labor  and  with  less  loss 
of  grain  than  is  possible  in  any  other  way. 
I  get  a  genuine  thrill  when  I  see  my  son  driv¬ 
ing  the  tractor  and  an  elderly  man  riding  the 
combine  to  tie  and  drop  the  bags.  The  pair 
of  them  will  thresh  grain  about  as  fast  as 
two  other  men  with  a  truck  will  pick  up  the 
bags  and  dump  them  at  the  barn.  I  have 
known  them  to  thresh  a  hundred  bushels  of 
grain  while  the  rest  of  us  were  doing  the  eve¬ 
ning  milking.  Where  the  machine  has  failed 
to  give  satisfaction,  I  believe  it  has  been  due 
either  to  lack  of  skill  in  adjustment  or  to 
failure  to  wait  until  the  grain  was  “dead  ripe” 
and  all  dew  dried  off. 

These  limestone  hills  will  grow  excellent 
corn  but  the  crop  is  not  really  at  home  in  the 
way  it  is  on  the  lighter,  loamy,  alluvial  soils 
of  the  flats  or  flood  plains  that  lie  along  our 
larger  streams.  On  the  other  hand,  oats 
grown  on  our  hills  will  weigh  several  pounds 
heavier  to  the  measured  bushel.  In  fact,  to 


“I  have  never  needed  conversion  to  the  idea  that 
land  in  sod  is  the  very  best  of  all  soil  conservation 
measures.” 


me,  brought  up  on  this  farm,  oats  that  weigh 
only  thirty-two  "pounds  to  the  bushel  seem  a 
joke.  There  is  the  little  story  of  oats  so  light 
and  chaffy  that  if  a  horse  were  so  unfortun¬ 
ate  as  accidentally  to  sneeze  into  the  manger, 
his  dinner  was  gone. 

Now  it  happens  that  in  spite  of  being  well 
equipped  for  crop  farming,  we  are  neverthe¬ 
less  drifting  toward  grass  farming.  There 
are  two  reasons  why  we  seem  well  advanced 
in  that  direction.  First  is  the  fact  that  I  have 
never  needed  conversion  to  the  idea  that  land 
in  sod  is  the  very  best  of  all  soil  conservation 
measures.  Every  farmer  who  reads  and 
thinks  is  becoming  increasingly  conscious  of 
the  soil  erosion  problem,  and  I  have  seen  a 
hill-slope  cornfield  seriously  damaged  in  fif¬ 
teen  minutes  by  a  torrential  summer  thunder 
shower.  The  danger,  in  a  less  conspicuous 
degree,  menaces  plowed  land  whenever  there 
is  rain  or  melting  snow. 

Then  there  is  a  growing  appreciation  of 
what  a  heavy  growth  of  grass  means  in  terms 
of  food  per  acre.  Corn  gives  us  such  an 
enormous  tonnage  of  green  stuff  that  perhaps 
we  forget  what  a  big  percentage  of  water  it 
carries.  Measured  in  terms  of  dry  matter 
rather  than  gross  green  {Turn  to  Page  14) 


IN  THIS  ISSUE  A  NEW  HAY-MAKING  TOOL,  Page  3;  DAIRYMEN  HAVE  GOOD  JUDGMENT,  Page  6;  DRY  BEANS 
—  A  WAR-TIME  CROP,  Page  7;  PROFITABLE  GUERNSEYS,  Page  10;  GRASS  SILAGE  WITHOUT  PRE¬ 

SERVATIVES,  Page  13;  SUMMER  FASHIONS,  Page  20;  BACK  TO  BARTER,  Page,  22;  SERVICE  BUREAU,  Page  27. 


MAY 


* 


19  4  2 


2  3 


The  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative 
is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


Why  Nitrogen  is  Scarce 


...  and  what  Farmers  can  do  about  it 

r  / 

Every  time  a  gun  is  fired,  nitrogen  goes  up  in  smoke.  So  great  is  the  need  of  our 
army  and  navy  for  munitions  that  the  government  has  now  taken  control  of  the 
entire  nitrogen  supply  of  the  nation.  Liquid  nitrogen,  sulphate  of  ammonia,  nitrate 
of  soda,  uramorq  cyanamid — on  all  these  nitrogen  sources,  the  army  has  first  call. 


WHAT’S  LEFT 

* 

Farmers  have  had  almost  no  uramon  or  cyanamid 
this  year,  very  little  sulphate  or  nitrate.  Nitrogen 
solution  for  use  in  mixed  fertilizers  has  been  cut 
way  down.  Still  less  will  be  available  next  year. 
Our  government,  therefore,  asks  farmers  to  pur¬ 
chase  nitrogen  only  for  essential  vegetable  crops, 

and  to  use  less  nitrogen  even  on  those  crops. 

& 

This  is  the  recommended  program: 

Vegetables 

Use  one  of  the  new,  lower  nitrogen  fertilizers  like 
3-10-10.  These  fertilizers  will  give  good  results 
when  used  with  good  seed  on  well-limed,  well- 
fitted  soil.  Plan  now  to  grow  cover  crops  contain¬ 
ing  legumes  this  fall  to  plow  under  next  spring. 

Field  Beans 

The  need  of  nitrogen  on  field  beans,  is  question¬ 
able,  particularly  on  manured  ground  or  following 


FOR  FARMERS 


sod.  Use  superphosphate  on  manured  ground,  Dry 
Bean  Special  (0-20-10)  on  sod  ground. 

Corn 

No  purchased  nitrogen  should  be  used  in  the 
production  of  corn.  Corn  in  manured  ground  will 
do  well  with  superphosphate  only.  Corn  after 
sod,  particularly  a  legume  sod,  needs  only  phos¬ 
phorus  and  potash  or  0-20-10. 

Potatoes 

Use  3-10-10  (Emergency  Special)  for  potatoes. 
Many  growers  in  areas  where  potatoes  are  suc¬ 
cessfully  grown  have  changed  to  4-12-12  and 
similar  analyses  because  they  found  not  so  much 
nitrogen  was  needed.  The  3-10-10  is  recommended 
since  materials  of  high  enough  analyses  are  not 
available  to  make  4-12-12. 

Wheat 

Wheat  growers  should  plan  now  to  use  no  pur¬ 
chased  nitrogen  on  wheat  this  fall. 


Cooperative  G.L.F.  Exchange,  Inc^  Ithaca,  N.Y. 


F" 


THE  FARM  FRONT 


Highlights  from  G.L.F.’s 
Weekly  Radio  Report 


TRANSPORTATION  The  transportation 

shortage  which  has 
PROBLEM  GROWS  been  creeping  closer 
and  closer,  really  made  itself  felt  last  week 
when  gasoline  rationing  was  instituted  in 
many  areas  on  May  15th. 

The  terrific  demand  for  railroad  trans¬ 
portation  is  throwing  a  greater  load  on 
trucks.  But  no  trucks  and  no  truck  tires 
are  being  made.  Oil  is  growing  scarcer,  and 
gasoline  supplies  have  grown  so  short 
that  the  War  Production  Board  has 
ordered  deliveries  of  gasoline  in  the  East 
cut  to  fifty  percent  below  last  year’s 
consumption. 

So  critical  is  the  transportation  short¬ 
age  that  the  Office  of  Defense  Transporta¬ 
tion  has  been  given  the  power  to  make  any 
regulations  it  sees  fit  regarding  the  use  of 
cars  and  trucks — even  to  the  extent  of 
seizing  any  individual’s  car  or  truck  if  this 
becomes  necessary.  Most  of  the  regulations 
issued  so  far  haye  been  minor  ones  re¬ 
garding  special  deliveries,  duplication  of 
deliveries,  and  so  on.  But,  unless  the  in¬ 
dividual  truck  owner — whether  he  is  a 
farmer,  a  merchant,  a  G.L.F.  agent,  or 
whatnot — gets  together  with  his  neigh¬ 
bors  and  works  out  plans  for  making  very 
substantial  savings  in  mileage,  we  may 
expect  the  Oflice  of  Defense  Transporta¬ 
tion  to  take  some  very  drastic  steps  soon. 

This  situation  was  thoroughly  discussed 
in  a  recent  conference  of  G.L.F.  Executives 
and  District  Managers  meeting  in  Ithaca. 
The  District  Managers  will  present  these 
facts  to  G.L.F.  committees  and  Alert 
Area  groups  in  an  effort  to  work  out  a 
definite  plan  of  action  for  meeting  the 
transportation  shortage. 


NEW  BANS  ON  In  a  drastic  new  iron 
ml_  and  steel  order,  the 

IRON  AND  STEEL  War  Production 
Board  has  forbidden  the  use  of  these 
metals  for  over  four  hundred  products. 

After  ninety  days,  no  more  steel  fence 
posts  or  steel  poultry  feeders  may  be  made. 
No  stock  tanks,  no  corn  cribs,  no  gutters 
on  drain  spouts,  no  grass  shears.  Office 


*  ★  ★ 


MILK  MAY  BECOME  Lacquer  made 

_ _  _  from  milk  may  be 

TIN  SUBSTITUTE  substituted  for  tin 
on  dairy  utensils  and  other  food  containers 
according  to  Paul  D.  Watson,  USDA 
chemist.  The  lacquer,  made  largely  from 
lactic  acid,  has  been  tried  out  and  pre¬ 
liminary  tests  by  both  the  USDA  and  a 


*The  Farm  Front  Today 


Every  MONDAY  on  these  Stations 


Watertown 

Rochester 

Syracuse 

Troy 

Bridgeton 
Newburgh 
Scranton 
Buffalo 
Also  G.L.F. 


WATN  12:05  P.M. 
WHAM  7:12  A.M. 
WSYR  12:35  P.M. 
WTRY  12:15  P.M. 
WSNJ  12:30  P.M. 
WGNY  1:05  P.M. 
WGBI  7:00  A.M. 
WBEN  12:50  P.M. 
newscasts  over  Station 


WHCU,  Ithaca,  Dial  870,  every  day 
at  7:00  A.M.;  7:50  A.M.;  12:00 
Noon;  7 :30  P.M. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


3  (305) 


The  Sweep  Rake 

A  New  Hay  Making  Tool 


Hij  PAIJL  R.  IIOFF 

Department  of  Agricultural  Engineering, 


THE  SWEEP  rake  (also  known  as 
the  'buck  rake)  is  a  hay-making 
tool  that  is  new  to  many  Northeastern 
farmers.  It  has  been  in  use  on  a  few 
farms  in  the  area  during  the  past  two 
or  three  years,  .and  on  these' farms  it 
has  reduced  the  labor  and  time  requir¬ 
ed  for  making  hay.  The  rake  is  mount¬ 
ed  on  a  stripped  down  auto,  a  “doodle¬ 
bug”,  or  a  tractor,  and  travels  between 
the  field  and  the  barn  at  road  speed. 

ADVANTAGES 

1.  Labor  saving.  The  number  of  man¬ 
hours  per  ton  required  to  put  up  hay 
with  a  sweep  rake  is  less  than  the 
number  required  by  either  the  hay 


loader  and  wagon  or  by  the  pick-up 
baler.  Seven  hundred  to  one  thousand 
pounds  of  hay  can  be  picked  up  in  the 
field  by  the  sweep  rake  at  one  load  and 
transported  to  the  bam  at  a  higher 
speed  than  is  possible  on  a  wagon.  The 
return  trip  is  also  at  a  speed  that  is 
higher  than  wagon  travel.  The  time  re¬ 
quired  for  loading  is  but  a  fraction  of 
that  required  to  load  a  wagon. 

A  comparison  of  the  labor  require¬ 
ments  of  different  methods  of  hay 
making  is  shown  in  the  table  on  this 
page. 

2.  One  man  operation.  One  man  operat¬ 
ing  the  sweep  rake  can  pick  up  the 
load,  transport  it  to  the  bam  and  un¬ 
load  it  without  assistance.  Should  it  be 
impossible  to  get  a  second  man,  several 
loads  can  be  pulled  up  into  the  mow 
before  the  hay  is  mowed  away.  The 
efficiency  of  a  one  man  crew  is  higher 
with  a  sweep  rake  than  in  any  other 
method  of  haying. 

3.  Homemade.  Sweep  rakes  can  be  put 
together  by  anyone  who  is  handy  with 
tools.  Most  of  the  material  going  into 
the  construction  is  dimension  lumber 
(2”  x  4”  or  4”  x  4”),  which  is  not  criti¬ 
cal  war  material.  Several  pieces  of 
angle  and  channel  iron  are  used  and 
these  pieces  may  be  picked  up  at  a 


Cornell. 

junk  yard  or  welder’s  shop  if  they  can¬ 
not  be  found  on  the  farm.  The  lifting 
mechanism  can  be  made  from  the  rear 
axle  assembly  of  an  old  automobile. 

USING  THE  SWEEP  RAKE 

The  sweep  rake  can  be  used  effi¬ 
ciently  both  in  hay  making  and  in 
grain  harvesting.  In  haying,  the  most 
common  practice  is  to  use  the  sweep 
rake  in  connection  with  a  side-delivery 
rake  and  faster  loading  results  if  two 
windrows  are  thrown  together.  Hay  is 
sometimes  picked  up  directly  from  the 
swath,  but  this  is  a  slower  method. 

Slings  seem  to  be  the  most  satisfac¬ 
tory  for  getting  the  hay  into  the  mow, 
as  the  700  to  1,000  pound 
load  can  be  drawn  up  in 
one  sling  full.  If  the  barn 
will  not  accommodate 
slings,  the  four  prong 
grapple  hook  is  the  next 
best.  The  hay  usually  is 
too  loose  for  handling 
with  the  two  prong  har¬ 
poon  fork. 

In  the  grain  harvest, 
bringing  shocks  to  the 
threshing  machine  is  one 
job.  Several  shocks  can 
be  picked  up  at  a  time 
and  carried  to  the  ma¬ 
chine.  One  or  two  sweep 
rakes,  depending  on  the 
length  of  haul,  can  keep 
the  machine  busy  and  the 
labor  of  loading  the  wag¬ 
ons  is  eliminated.  Hand¬ 
ling  combined  straw  is 
another  chore  for  the 
sweep  rake.  Several  wind¬ 
rows  can  be  thrown  to¬ 
gether  with  the  side-de- 
livery  rake,  then  picked 
up  with  the  sweep  rake 
and  carried  to  the  barn  or  the  baler. 

Editor’s  Note:  You  can  get  a  folder 
containing  plans  by  writing  to  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agricultural  Engineering,  Col¬ 
lege  of  Agriculture,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  and 
asking  for  the  folder  “Buck  Rakes.” 

—  A.  A. — 

ONE  TON  SCRAP  — 

THREE  TONS  STEEL 

An  important  thing  to  be  borne  in 
mind  by  farmers  who  are  salvaging 
scrap  metal  is  that  every  ton  of  scrap 
makes  possible  the  production  of  three 
tons  of  steel.  The  reason  for  this  is 
that  scrap  is  an  essential  material  in 
steel  making.  Scrap  is  not  a  substi¬ 
tute.  In  normal  times  steel  makers 
use  25  to  35%  scrap  and  sometimes  as 
much  as  50%  in  their  steel  production, 
because  the  use  of  scrap  makes  better 
steel  than  straight  pig  iron  alone. 

In  peace  times  there  was  more  than 
enough  scrap  to  go  around.  Now  that 
war  times  require  a  greatly  increased 
manufacture  of  steel,  there  is  a  cor¬ 
responding  need  for  a  greatly  increased 
supply  of  scrap.  Therefore,  every 
pound  of  this  salvage  material  collect¬ 
ed  from  our  farms  will  provide  the 
basis  of  three  pounds  of  finished  steel. 


(Above)  An  “old-timer”  ready  for  hay  harvest,  and 
(below)  700  to  1000  pounds  of  hay  headed  for  the  barn 
at  road  speed. 


FIGURES  ON  HANDLING  HAY  BY  DIFFERENT  METHODS* 


METHOD 

No.  of 
farms  in 
Survey 

Aver,  tons 
hay  per 
farm 

Aver.  No. 
of  Men 
in  Crew 

Aver,  tons 
per  hr.  by 
Crew 

Aver.  Man 
hrs.  per 
ton 

Wagon  and  Hay  Loader 

26 

30 

3.4 

1.1 

3.1 

Auto  Sweep  Rake 

84 

41 

3.1 

1.8 

1.7 

Tractor  Sweep  Rake 

53 

35 

2.6 

1.3 

2.0 

Pick-up  Baler  . . . . 

23 

41 

3.2 

1.2 

2.7 

ff01?  iIillleosraph  Bulletin  No.  146,  "A  Study  ot'  the  Newer  Hay  Harvesting  Methods  on  Ohio 
,  y  *•  u  Monson,  Department  of  Rural  Economics,  Ohio  State  University.  Columbus,  Ohio. 


RIPER,  RICHER 
YET  MH.DF.R 


Yes,  sir! 

And  smokes  that 
are  COOLER¬ 
BURNING! 


TOO? 


RIPE,  RICH,  SMOOTH, 

MELLOW,  AND  COOL- 
BURNING.1  I  GUESS 
THAT  TELLS  ABOUT 
PRINCE  ALBERT. 

THE  SPECIAL 
NO-BITE  PROCESS 
IS  A  wonder! 


J.  E.  Arnold 


R.  J.  Reynolds  Tobacco  Co.,  Winston-Salem, 2L  CL 


In  recent  laboratory  “smoking  bowl”  tests, 
Prince  Albert  burned 


86  DEGREES  COOLER 


than  the  average  of  the  30  other  of  the 
largest-selling  brands  tested  . . .  coolest  of  all! 


50 


pipefuls  of  fragrant  tobacco  in  every 
handy  pocket  can  of  Prince  Albert 


THE  NATIONAL  JOY  SMOKE 


Buy  War  Savings  Bonds  and  Stamps 


(306)  4 


Ai  erican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


THE- 


PAG  E 


B  V  E .  R.  E  A  S  T/A/K  N 


Address  all  mail  for  Editorial  or  Advertis¬ 
ing  departments  to  American  Agriculturist, 
Savings  Bank  Building,  Ithaca.  New  York 


A  PROMISE  OF  PEACE 

THE  POEM  “Lilacs”  by  Bob  Adams,  is  re¬ 
printed  on  this  page  by  special  request. 
Decoration  Day,  the  30th  of  May,  was  always 
a  sacred  holiday  in  my  father’s  home,  and  later 
in  mine.  Father  was  a  four-years  veteran  of  the 
Civil  War.  He  knew  what  war  meant.  Millions 
of  us  are  learning  the  sad  lesson  all  over  again. 

But  just  as  lilacs  symbolize  the  resurrection 
of  Spring  after  the  long,  hard  winter,  so  are  they 
also  a  promise  that  all  the  blood  and  tears  and 
sacrifice  of  the  present  crisis  will  pass  away,  and 
peace  will  reign  again  upon  this  earth. 

TO  WAR-TIME  PARENTS 

TO  ALL  YOU  mothers* and  fathers  who  are 
worrying  about  your  boys  in  the  armed 
services  of  our  country,  I  bring  you  a  message 
of  good  cheer. 

Since  Pearl  Harbor  I  have  had  the  opportun¬ 
ity  while  travelling  to  talk  with  many  young 
men  in  uniform.  The  very  large  majority  of 
these  boys  tell  the  same  story,  that  is,  that  they 
like  the  service.  There  are  some  exceptions,  and 
apparently  conditions  in  the  camps  vary,  but 
on  the  whole  the  boys  report  good  food,  comfor¬ 
table  quarters,  officers  who  are  for  the  most  part 
reasonable,  and  they  say  they  don’t  mind  the 
hard  work  because  they  realize  it  is  a  necessity. 
Most  of  these  boys  look  upon  their  service  as 
an  adventure,  and  as  an  opportunity  and  a  priv¬ 
ilege  to  serve  their  country. 

The  story  was  different  before  Pearl  Harbor. 
It  took  time  for  the  Army  to  get  the  camps  or¬ 
ganized  and  running  on  an  efficient  and  com¬ 
fortable  basis.  As  a  result,  there  was  much  com¬ 
plaint  from  the  soldiers.  Before  the  United 
States  declared  war,  the  boys  saw  only  their 
careers  interrupted  by  what  they  considered  a 
lot  of  useless  work  for  nothing. 

But  the  attack  on  Pearl  Harbor  made  them  all 
feel  differently. 

All  of  the  boys,  of  course,  regret  their  inter¬ 
rupted  careers.  All  with  whom  I  have  talked  are 
outspoken  about  civilians  who  are  trying  to  in¬ 
crease  their  wages  or  profits  while  the  soldiers 
and  sailors  are  getting  only  a  few  dollars  a 
month.  The  boys,  of  course,  are  lonesome  to 
see  their  folks.  Those  who  are  having  the  worst 
time  are  the  ones  who  are  troubled  with  home¬ 
sickness.  But  most  of  those  get  over  this  as  soon 
as  they  get  acquainted  with  their  comrades  and 
interested  in  the  great  job  they  have  to  do.  One 
young  soldier  told  me  just  a  day  or  two  ago 
that  the  recreational  opportunities  through  good 
books  and  magazines,  the  radio,  and  other  en¬ 
tertainment  are  much  better  than  they  were  at 
first,  and  are  improving  all  the  time. 

Nothing  helps  so  much  as  a  letter  from  home, 
providing  that  the  letter  is  cheerful  and  is  not 
written  so  as  to  increase  the  boy’s  homesickness. 

Our  responsibilities  to  the  boys  and  to  the 
nation  are  to  keep  up  our  own  courage  and 
morale,  do  the  job  where  we  are,  maintain  the 
farm  front,  and  keep  the  home  fires  burning. 

THEY  NEED  YOUR  HELP 

IT  HAS  always  been  the  policy  of  American 
Agriculturist  since  1  have  been  its  editor  not 
to  urge  farmers  to  contribute  to  enterprises, 
however  worthy,  outside  of  the  farm  business. 

I  break  that  policy  now  to  urge  you  to  buy 
war  bonds.  Above  everything  else,  we  must  win 

this  war.  Thousands  of  our  boys  are  in  the  bat¬ 
tle  lines.  To  equip  and  protect  them,  the  gov¬ 
ernment  must  have  money  and  more  money. 


The  farmer’s  first  use  for  his  money  is  to  main¬ 
tain  the  Farm  Front,  the  Food  Front.  In  addi¬ 
tion,  no  matter  how  hard  up  we  are,  we  can  by 
sacrifices  spare  something  for  war  stamps  or 
war  bonds. 

PRACTICAL  PATRIOTISM 

THERE  is  a  great  shortage  of  scrap  iron  for 
munitions,  but  there  is  still  enough  left  on 
the  farms  of  America  to  make  a  tremendous 
difference,  maybe  enough  to  swing  the  scales  to 
victory. 

Take  time  out  to  look  through  your  buildings 
and  over  the  farm,  and  start  your  scrap  iron 
toward  the  munitions  factories.  This  is  realistic, 
practical  patriotism. 

FARMING  IS  A  GAMRLE 

I  HAVE  just  enough  personal  farm  experience 
every  summer  on  our  small  place  to  bring 
home  to  me  constantly  what  farmers  are  up 
against.  On  top  of  this  personal  experience, 
American  Agriculturist  editors  receive  thousands 
of  letters  from  farmers,  discussing  with  us  all 
of  the  hundreds  of  problems  that  farmers  have 
constantly  to  overcome. 

Last  night,  May  10,  realizing  how  cold  and 
clear  it  was,  I  spent  an  hour  covering  up  some 
early  sweet  corn  that  was  just  nicely  up.  This 
morning,  in  spite  of  the  cover,  every  stalk  was 
frozen  stiff.  That  made  me  personally  realize 
what  a  hard  freeze  like  that  of  last  night  means 
to  a  fruit  grower  whose  living  for  a  whole  sea¬ 
son  is  dependent  upon  a  good  set  of  fruit. 

•  Yesterday,  two  dogs  got  into  the  pasture 
where  we  had  five  fine  young  pigs.  Before  we 
could  drive  the  dogs  off  they  had  killed  one  of 
the  pigs  and  badly  injured  most  of  the  others. 
Fortunately,  the  owners  of  the  dogs  were  gentle¬ 
men.  They  arrived  on  the  spot  as  soon  as  they 
heard  about  it,  and  paid  for  the  damage,  so  far 


LILACS 

O  here  and  there,  on  poorer  lands, 

An  old  deserted  homestead  stands, 

In  patient  sadness  to  deplore 

The  guests  who  come  again  no  more. 

For  many  feet  that  used  to  go 
Across  its  threshold  to  and  fro, 

Far  roads  and  trails  have  learned  to  know, 
And  those  who  built  it  long  of  old 
Have  mingled  with  the  churchyard  mold. 

The  (human  brood  has  swarmed  and  gone, 

But  lilacs  in  the  yard  bloom  on, 

And  ever,  as  the  old  house  grieves, 

Are  pressing  upward  toward  its  eaves 
The  tender  green  hearts  of  their  leaves. 

The  mother’s  hands  were  rough  with  toil 
Who  set  that  lilac  in  the  soil. 

Thanks  be  to  God  who  gave  the  wife 
One  touch  of  beauty  in  her  life. 

The  father  worked  from  sun  to  sun; 

For  living  was  not  lightly  won. 

The  fields  where  he  was  wont  to  grub 
Are  overgrown  with  brush  and  scrub. 

His  walls  are  down,  their  mighty  stones 
Are  crushed  to  make  a  roadway’s  bones. 

Lost  are  his  labors  great  and  small, 

But  mother’s  bush  outlives  them  all. 

And  ever  with  the  warmth  of  May, 

What  time  we  keep  Memorial  Day, 

The  lilac  wakes  to  sudden  bloom 
And  wafts  a  message  to  her  tomb. 

Gone  are  the  sons  her  "pangs  gave  birth, 

Her  fires  are  dead  upon  the  hearth; 

Sunk  the  flames  and  black  the  embers, 

But  the  lilac  still  remembers. 

It  blooms  for  her  and  spreads  its  scent, 

The  incense  of  a  sacrament.  — BOB  ADAMS. 


as  anyone  ever  can  pay  for  the  destruction  of 
young  stock  which  you  expect  to  grow  through 
the  season.  But  again  from  personal  experience 
I  was  impressed  with  how  much  of  a  gamble 
farming  is,  a  constant  fight  against  disease,  bugs, 
bad  weather,  accidents,  and  an  inefficient  mar¬ 
keting  system  which  returns  all  too  small  prices 
for  the  farmer’s  products  after  he  finally  suc¬ 
ceeds  in  growing  them. 

RUSTY  TOOLS 

WHEN  I  was  young  I  was  impressed  with 
the  determination  of  my  older  brother, 
who  operated  most  of  our  farm  machinery, 
never  to  put  a  tool  away  until  it  was  shining 
clean,  and  if  it  was  to  be  put  up  for  the  season, 
he  always  oiled  it  carefully  to  prevent  rust. 

How  disagreeable  it  is  to  pick  up  a  hoe  or  to 
start  out  early  in  the  spring  with  a  plow  or  cul¬ 
tivator  whose  surfaces  are  rusted  and  covered 
with  a  coating  of  last  year’s  mud.  What  a  lot 
that  takes  out  of  the  efficiency,  usefulness,  and 
life  of  a  tool. 

For  the  next  several  years  it  is  going  to  be 
difficult  and  costly  to  secure  new  farm  equip¬ 
ment;  yet  you  must  have  more  and  more  of  that 
equipment  to  meet  the  labor  shortage.  One 
thing  that  will  help  a  lot  is  to  take  better  care 
of  the  tools  you  have,  keep  them  under  cover, 
make  small  repairs  and  adjustments  as  soon 
as  they  are  needed,  and  keep  them  clean. 

A  LETTER  FROM  A  HIRED  MAN 

“Enclosed  is  my  application  to  join  the  American 
Farm  Front.  I  am  a  member  of  the  Red  Cross 
Blood  Donor  Bank  in  our  vicinity  and  also  a  member 
of  the  Red  Cross.  Out  of  my  monthly  wages  I  buy 
a  war  bond  a  month. 

“I  am  opposed  to  the  Mine  Workers,  and  wish 
there  were  more  hired  men  who  felt  the  same  as  I 
do  about  the  union  doings.  We  can  never  win  this 
war  with  such  organizations.” — E.  B.,  N.  Y. 

■HIS  hired  man’s  application  to  join  the 
Farm  Front  showed  long  experience  as  a 
farm  worker.  In  answering  his  letter,  I  congrat¬ 
ulated  him  on  his  splendid  patriotic  attitude, 
and  his  realization  that  he  can  best  serve  his 
country  by  continuing  to  help  produce  food. 

If  you  are  of  draft  age  and  a  necessary  food 
producer,  you  can  join  the  Farm  Front  by  ap¬ 
plying  to  American  Agriculturist,  Department  C, 
Ithaca,  New  York.  The  certificate  and  button 
which  will  be  sent  you  free  are  not  a  draft  de¬ 
ferment,  but  they  will  prove  to  yourself  and  to 
others  that  you  are  doing  your  duty  as  a  war 
worker. 

*  I 

EASTMAN’S  CHESTNUT 


T 


I 


HAVE  HEARD  older  folks  speak  of  the 
two-hour  sermons  which  ministers  in  the 
“good  old  days”  used  to  preach.  Their  listen¬ 
ers  sat  through  it  on  hard  benches,  and  in  cold 
rooms.  That  was  real  heroism  —  on  the  part 
of  the  congregation.  Some  of  our  congressmen 
and  senators  must  be  descendents  of  those  long¬ 
distance  preachers. 

One  of  these  preachers  was  giving  a  sermon 
on  the  prophets.  He  brought  them  down  the 
line  for  over  an  hour,  when  he  got  his  second 
wind  and  said: 

“Now,  brethren,  where  will  we  place  Hosea. 

An  old  fellow  who  had  been  nodding  and  try¬ 
ing  to  keep  awake,  blinked  a  few  times,  picked 
up  his  hat  and  beckoning  to  the  preacher  he 
said : 

“Parson,  Hosea  can  have  my  place;  I’m  leav¬ 
ing.”  _ . 


AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  Constructive  and  Progressiva  Since  1842.  Volume  139.  No.  11.  every  other  nfflrp'  at  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. ,  under  did 

Advertising  offices  at  Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N,  Y.  Advertising  Representatives.  The  Katz  Agency.— Entered  as  Saond  Class  Matter,  (Lor/iirndurtion  manager-  Mrs  Grace  Watkins  Huckett. 

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editor;  Al  Coleman,  art  editor.  Contributing  editors:  I.,  B.  Skefflngton.  Jared  Van  Wagenen,  Jr.,  Ed.  Mitchell.  Paul  Work,  L.  E.  Weaver,  J.  C.  Huttar,  I.  W.  In „ dlls,  aav  isms 
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I 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


5  (307) 


CHAPTER  XXXVIII 

LIVING  OFF  THE 
COUNTRY 

URING  the  past  few  years, 
Partner,  you  and  I  have  been 
reading  much  about  subsistence 
farming  or  how  to  get  all  your 
living  from  a  few  acres  of  land.  Now 
we  are  just  getting  into  a  period  when 
well-intentioned  city  folks  tell  other 
city  folks  how  to  produce  food  on  a 
vacant  lot  or  other  ways  of  helping  the 
nation’s  food  supply  and  reducing  the 
grocery  bill.  A  few  years  ago  we  were 
urged  to  establish  little  homes  in  the 
country,  with  a  milch  goat  and  a  spin¬ 
ning  wheel.  Well,  all  these  are  well- 
intentioned,  and  some  people  might  fol¬ 
low  them;  but,  Partner,  if  your  mind 
isn’t  too  much  weakened  by  old  age 
or  your  memory  hasn’t  failed,  you  will 
remember  with  me  some  of  the  food 
that  we  used  to  gather  from  the  fields 
as  a  matter  of  course  in  Horse  and 
Buggy  Days.  And  I  mean  food,  not 
just  something  to  keep  your  ribs  apart. 
I  don’t  want  to  make  your  mouth 
water,  but  I’ll  risk  reminding  you  of 
them. 

Grandmother  was  an  expert  on 
greens,  spring  greens,  and  after  a  hard 
winter  without  too  many  vegetables, 
the  fresh  spring  greens  cooked  with 
salt  pork  seemed,  with  their  strong 
bitter  taste,  to  touch  a  special  spot  in 
our  stomachs  and  to  satisfy  a  partic¬ 
ular  craving.  First,  Grandmother  took 
me- out  to  the  fields  to  help  her  get 
"scurvy  grass”  or  smooth  mustard. 
Long  before  dandelions  were  large 
enough,  we  could  cut  these  little 
crowns  of  “scurvy  grass.”  I’ll  bet  most 
of  our  readers  never  ate  it,  but  it  was 
good — perhaps  because  it  was  first. 

Once  I  counted  up  all  the  different 
weeds  that  we  used  for  greens,  includ¬ 
ing  cowslips,  lamb’s  quarter,  pokeberry, 
nettles,  horseradish  leaves,  and  many 
others.  But  best  of  all  were  the  young 
succulent  sprouts  of  milkweed.  We 
traveled  miles  to  get  them,  and  some 
of  our  neighbors  canned  them  for  use 
during  the  next  winter.  During  the 
summer  when  I  was  picking  raspberries 
or  hunting  woodchucks,  I  used  to  note 
all  the  patches  of  tall  full-grown  milk¬ 
weed  so  that  I  could  go  back  and  look 
for  early  sprouts  the  next  spring. 

We  ate  a  large  number  of  other 
plants,  perhaps  not  for  their  food  value, 
but  because  they  had  a  pleasant  taste. 
Do  you  remember  beechnut  drops,  those 
succulent,  delicious  first  pairs  of  leaves 
sprouting  from  a  beechnut  ?  And 
groundnuts — I  can’t  even  recognize  the 
leaves  any  more,  so  don’t  know  where 
to  dig.  I  never  did  relish  leeks,  but 
they  had  considerable  nuisance  value 
if  you  really  wanted  to  be  sent  home 
from  school  on  a  good  day  for  trout 
fishing.  Of  course,  I  never  used  them 
that  way,  but  I  wouldn’t  put  it  beyond 
you,  Partner. 

Now  let  me  give  you  a  little  advice. 
You  know  the  fine  big  dignified  Jack- 
in-the-pulpit  whicjh  blossoms  so  proud¬ 
ly  in  late  May?  just  pull  one  up  care¬ 
fully  and  get  the  bulb  at  the  roots. 
Cut  off  a  thin  little  slice  with  your 
knife  and  taste  it.  If  you  ever  want 
to  make  one  of  your  strong  impassion¬ 
ed  speeches,  Partner,  I  don’t  know  of 
anything  better  to  start  you  off.  Tur¬ 
pentine  may  be  good  in  spots,  but 
uack-in-the-pulpit  on  your  tongue  is 


guaranteed  to  get  immediate  results. 
When  I  was  young  and  innocent,  I  tried 
it;  and  I  have  recommended  it  to  oth¬ 
ers,  but  always  departed  from  the  im¬ 
mediate  neighborhood  just  before  the 
results  came/ 

Late  in  June,  my  cousin  Jim  and  I 
took  our  two-quart  dinner  pails  and 
started  after  wild  strawberries.  Dad 
said  we  were  rushing  the  season,  but 
we  knew  some  gravelly  side  hills  where 
they  might  be  ripe.  Then  just  beyond 
was  the  one  place  where  they  always 
ripened  first — along  the  railroad  track. 
I  still  think  that  nothing  in  the  world 
is  so  delicious  as  wild  strawberry  short¬ 
cake  with  or  without  Jersey  cream. 

Jim  and  I  found  the  strawberries  all 
right  and  started  picking.  They  were 
pretty  small  on  that  dry  hillside,  but 
we  picked  them  on  the  stems  so  as  to 
fill  the  pail  faster  and  kept  at  it  for 
an  hour  until  we  had  the  pails  better 
than  half  full.  Then  we  had  the  place 
well  picked  over  and  started  for  the 
railroad  track. 

Before  we  could  find  any  strawber¬ 
ries,  Jim  shouted  that  he  saw  indica¬ 
tions  that  an  old  turtle  had  laid  her 
eggs,  so  we  dug  in  that  spot  with  a 
sharpened  stick  but  found  no  eggs. 
This  started  us  on  a  turtle  egg  hunt, 
and  we  tramped  up  and  down  the  track 
for  some  time,  digging  wherever  we 
saw  the  smoothed-off  spot  in  the  cin¬ 
ders  and  sand  that  ought  to  be  a  tur¬ 
tle’s  nest.  There  was  an  old  millpond 
on  one  side,  and  a  pond  of  backed-up 
stagnant  water  on  the  other,  We  knew 
that  turtles  would  travel  from  one 
pond  to  the  other,  and,  in  fact,  we 
found  one  that  had  been  crushed  by  a 
passing  train.  We  saw  dozens  of  turtles 
sunning  themselves  on  old  logs  or 
stumps  and,  of  course,  tried  to  catch 
or  stone  them  but  with  no  results  ex¬ 


cept  a  slow,  deliberate,  disdainful  dis¬ 
appearance  into  the  water  and  the  mud 
bottom. 

Maybe  the  eggs  had  all  hatched,  or 
maybe  they  weren’t  laid  yet.  We  didn’t 
know,  but  anyhow  we  had  no  luck;  so 
we  started  again  after  strawberries. 
On  a  cut-back,  not  far  from  the  rails, 
the  strawberries  were  thick  and  fairly 
large.  So  we  began  to  fill  our  pails.  The 
strawberries  were  plentiful,  but  Jim 
found  a  ground  bird’s  nest  with  three 
eggs  in  it  which  diverted  our  attention; 
and  then,  in  hope  of  finding  bigger  ber¬ 
ries,  we  wandered  back  towards  the 
railroad  track.  There  was  a  narrow 
break  between  the  hills  where  we 
climbed  the  fence  to  reach  the  railroad 
right-of-way.  Just  as  we  were  balanc¬ 
ed  uncertainly  on  top  of  the  worn  wire 
fence,  I  saw  a  sight  that  froze  me 
stiff. 

Shuffling  slowly  up  the  center  of  the 
track  was  a  large  black  bear.  Now, 
bears  had  completely  disappeared  from 
our  county  two  generations  before,  but 
I  could  see  this  one  with  my  own  eyes. 
My  shout  was  a  yell  as  I  tumbled 
hastily  back  on  the  other  side.  Jim 
didn’t  wait;  in  fact,  'he  passed  me  on 
the  way  back.  I  don’t  think  we  slowed 
until  we  reached  the  first  tree. 

Then  we  looked  behind.  The  bear 
was  still  ambling  along,  and  behind  him 
thirty  or  forty  feet  were  two  foreign 
looking  men,  one  with  a  long  stick  and 
the  other  with  some  kind  of  a  bundle. 
I  think  they  had  a  long  rope  on  the 
bear,  but  if  so,  it  was  slack  or  drag¬ 
ging  on  the  ground.  Jim  began  to 
laugh.  “It’s  a  dancing  bear,  and  the 
men  are  just  walking  from  one  town 
to  another  where  they  will  have  him 
dance  in  the  street  so  they  can  pass 
the  hat  for  pennies.” 

“Why  don’t  they  take  the  road?”  I 
asked. 

“Because  all  the  horses  would  be 
scared  to  death  and  run  away  if  they 
smelled  that  bear,”  said  Jim. 

We  both  felt  a  little  ashamed  as  we 
started  for  home.  The  adventure  was 
too  good  to  keep  to  ourselves,  but  our 
part  in  it  needed  a  little  build-up  if  we 
didn’t  want  to  be  laughed  at. 

On  the  way  through  John  Young’s 
woods,  I  found  a  very  small  young 
skunk  wandering  around  alone.  He 
was  so  pretty  that  I  couldn’t  resist 
picking  him  up  and  started  to  carry 
him  home.  Jim  protested  that  he  would 
“stink  me  up,”  but  I  said,  “Shucks,  he’s 


MY  NEIGHBOR  makes  an 
awful  cry  because  his 
taxes  are  so  high;  he  says 
they’ve  gone  up  ev’ry  year 
since  he  has  been  a-livin’ 
here.  They  tax  for  schools, 
they  tax  for  roads  that 
trucks  tear  up  with  heavy 
loads.  They  tax  the  kitten 
and  the  pup,  and  still  the 
taxes  go  on  up.  When  you 
have  paid  your  hired  man 
and  all  your  other  costs  you 
can  divide  what’s  left  with 
government,  he  says  that 
takes  your  last  red  cent. 
And  even  if,  there  ain’t  no 
doubt  at  all  some  bill  col¬ 
lector  comes  to  call  and 
starts  to  holler  that  you 
ought  to  pay  for  that  corn 
plow  you  bought. 

My  neighbor  should  not  be 
so  sad  about  the  money  that 
we  had  to  pay  the  treasurer 
in  tax  to  keep  the  sheriff  off 
our  backs.  If  he  would  sit 
around  like  me  and  not  work 
very  hard,  by  gee,  he 
wouldn’t  raise  so  big  a  crop 
and  then  it  wouldn’t  take  a 
cop  to  cart  his  taxes  all  away,  he  wouldn’t  have  so  much  to  pay.  The 
more  you  make  the  more  they  get,  so  what’s  the  use  to  work  and  sweat? 
If  he  would  take  things  as  they  come  he  would  not  have  so  large  a  sum 
for  tax  collectors  to  divide  or  fight  about  when  he  has  died.  This  is  the 
system  I  have  used  and  each  year  I  have  been  excused;  while  other  fel¬ 
lers  get  gray  hair  a-figurin’  their  tax,  no  care  besets  me  for  I  never 
make  enough  to  cause  a  tax  headache. 


Garden  Agreement 

By  Jessie  M.  Dowlin. 

While  the  butterflies  passed 
And  the  hummingbirds  flew, 
We  weeded  the  lettuce 
And  the  carrot  rows  too. 

There  were  gold  flower  cups 
On  the  cucumber  vine, 

And  two  robins  agreed 
That  the  garden  looked  fine. 


too  little  for  that,”  and  neither  of  us 
smelled  anything.  After  walking  a 
quarter  of  a  mile,  we  began  to  feel 
sorry  for  the  skunk. 

“Your  mother  won’t  let  you  keep 
him,”  said  Jim. 

I  was  beginning  to  be  doubtful  my¬ 
self.  So  after  debating  the  question  a 
while,  we  took  the  skunk  back  to  where 
we  had  found  him  in  hopes  that  he 
would  find  his  mother  and  the  remain¬ 
der  of  the  family. 

I  was  absolutely  sure  that  the  little 
skunk  hadn’t  scented  me  at  all,  but 
when  I  walked  into  our  kitchen,  Sister 
just  pinched  her  nose  and  shouted, 
“Skunk!”  Mother  came  sniffing  the  air 
and  looked  pretty  suspiciously  at  me. 
Dad  said,  “You’ve  been  too  near  a 
skunk.”  Well,  there  wasn’t  really  much 
of  it,  and  after  changing  my  shirt  and 
washing  my  hands,  the  family  stopped 
complaining. 

But  how  could  a  boy  tell  an  improb¬ 
able  bear  story  when  he  smelled  of 
skunk  ?  After  a  while  I  tried  it.  I 
know  now  that  the  family  believed  me 
all  right,  but  Dad  could  never  resist 
plaguing  us,  so  he  would  just  say, 
“Now,  let’s  see.  Did  you  carry  the  bear 
and  see  two  men  with  a  skunk,  or  did 
you  see  two  skunks  ?  I  can  smell  the 
skunk,  but  I  can’t  smell  any  bear  on 
you.”  I  took  a  lot  from  the  family  for 
the  next  few  days,  and  Jim'  got  about 
the  same  razzing  from  his,  but  it’s  that 
sort  of  thing  that  you  have  to  stand 
from  your  relations. 

Oh,  yes!  Mother  made  a  shortcake 
in  the  dripping-pan  and  cut  it  into 
great  big  square  slabs.  It  wasn’t  one 
of  these  modern  shortcakes  with  about 
three  berries  to  three  square  inches  of 
surface.  Mother  had  an  extra  bowl  of 
berries  and  just  ladled  them  over  each 
helping  until  every  forkful  of  cake  was 
covered  with  and  soaked  in  the  maxi¬ 
mum  amount  of  sweetened,  crushed 
wild  strawberries.  Partner,  if  you  ever 
ate  a  short-cake  like  that,  I  don’t  need 
to  say  any  more:  if  you  never  did,  then 
your  ignorance  is  too  great  to  be  en¬ 
lightened  by  any  words  of  mine. 

I  ate  three  pieces. 

(To  be  continued ) 


—  a.  a. — 

Join  the  American  Farm 
Front  Volunteers 

The  farm  help  situation  is  becoming 
increasingly  serious.  Three  things  are 
responsible — leaving  the  farm  for  de¬ 
fense  industries,  enlisting  in  the  armed 
forces,  and  the  Selective  Draft.  In  gen¬ 
eral,  Draft  Boards  have  deferred  es¬ 
sential  farm  workers  when  the  com¬ 
plete  facts  have  been  presented  to 
them. 

In  order  to  convince  young  men  on 
farms  that  they  can  serve  their  coun¬ 
try  best  by  producing  food,  American 
Agriculturist  organized  the  American 
Farm  Front  Volunteers.  This  in  no 
way  has  any  effect  on  deferment.  We 
do  urge  young  men  on  well-organized 
farms  to  stay  on  the  farm;  and,  when 
the  situation  warrants  it,  to  request 
deferment.  A  complete  story  about  the 
American  Farm  Front  Volunteers  ap¬ 
peared  on  page  1  of  the  April  25  issue 
of  American  Agriculturist.  If  you  have 
not  already  done  so,  read  it;  and  if  you 
are  eligible,  write  to  American  Agri¬ 
culturist,  Department  C,  Ithaca,  New 
York,  for  application  for  membership 
in  the  American  Farm  Front  Volun¬ 
teers. 


(308)  6 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


1  THERE’S  a  trained  army  more  than  a  million  strong  work¬ 
ing  to  back  up  the  men  in  uniform. 

It’s  the  army  of  railroad  men,  on  duty  day  and  night  in  every 
state  in  the  Union. 


For  more  than  twenty  years  —  ever  since  the  last  war  ended  — 
this  army  has  been  supplied  with  better  and  better  equipment. 
And  railroads,  military  authorities  and  shippers  have  worked 
out  plans  to  get  more  service  out  of  each  piece  of  equipment 

—  to  get  the  most  use  out  of  every  facility  of  the  world’s  greatest 
transportation  system. 

That’s  why  this  railroad  army  is  meeting  emergency  demands 

—  why,  for  every  minute  of  the  day  and  night,  it  is  moving  a 
million  tons  of  freight  a  mile  —  an  all-time  record  for  this  or 
any  other  transportation  system  in  the  world. 


All  this  veteran  army  needs,  to  meet  future  challenges,  is  a 
flow  of  new  equipment  great  enough  to  match  the  rising  tide 
of  America’s  war  production. 


ASSOCIATION  OF 

American  Railroads 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


Dairymen  Have 
Good  Judgment 

John  L.  Lewis’  Organizers  Meet  Cold  Reception 


ALL  MY  LIFE  it  has  been  my 
privilege  to  be  closely  associat¬ 
ed  with  farm  folks.  My  par¬ 
ents  and  nearly  all  of  my  rela¬ 
tives  were  farmers.  I  grew  up  on  a 
poor  hill  dairy  farm  and  learned  early 
in  life  \^hat  the  farmer’s  problems  are 
and  how  he  looks  at  things.  Since 
manhood  it  has  been  my  privilege  to 
do  what  I  could  to  help  the  farmer 
solve  his  problems. 

I  mention  these  personal  facts  now 
because  I  think  they  give  me  the  au¬ 
thority  to  say  that  the  judgment  and 

good  sense  of  farm  people  can  always 
be  trusted  when  they  have  the  facts. 

This  truth  has  just  been  proved  again 
by  the  indignant  and  emphatic  refusal 
of  the  dairymen  of  the  New  York  milk 
shed  to  join  up  with  John  L.  Lewis. 
It  was  my  good  fortune  to  learn  what 
Lewis’  plans  were  before  he  attempted 
to  start  his  organization  in  the  New 
York  milk  shed.  I  passed  those  plans 
on  to  farmers  and  to  all  of  the  farmers’ 
organizations,  with  the  result  that 
farmers  have  been  fully  informed  about 
the  real  plans  and  selfish  ambitions  of 
John  L.  Lewis  and  his  henchmen. 

As  a  result  of  this  information,  the 
farmers’  organizations,  all  of  them,  not 
only  in  the  New  York  milk  shed  but 
in  other  milk  sheds  and  nationally, 
went  to  work  on  this  problem  of  keep¬ 
ing  John  L.  Lewis  from  getting  his 
clutches  on  the  American  farmer  and 
strengthening  his  ambitions  to  become 
a  dictator.  In  the  New  York  milk 
shed,  the  farm  organizations  set  up  a 
temporary  organization  known  as  Free 
Farmers,  Inc.  This  organization,  un¬ 
der  the  leadership  of  Charles  L.  Dick¬ 
inson,  Executive  Secretary,  is  keeping 
farmers  informed  and  protecting  them 
against  loss  of  property  from  violence. 
Around  Free  Farmers  have  rallied  lit¬ 
erally  hundreds  of  volunteers  in  dairy 
communities  in  every  part  of  the  milk 
shed  who  are  working  to  sign  up  every 
dairy  farmer  in  a  pledge  to  stand  to¬ 
gether  with  one  another  against  the 
invasion  of  John  L.  Lewis,  and  to  pro¬ 
tect  one  another  locally  if  Lewis’  hard- 
boiled  organizers  want  to  start  some¬ 
thing. 

As  a  result  of  all  the  information 
that  has  been  given  farmers,  they  have 
rallied  against  this  danger  as  I  have 
never  seen  them  rally  before.  Farm 
organizations,  leaders  and  members 
have  forgotten  minor  differences  and 
bickerings,  and  united  for  the  common 
cause. 

Here  is  what  I  mean  by  my  state¬ 
ment  that  farmers  can  always  be  trust¬ 
ed  when  they  have  the  facts.  On  May 
6,  Mr.  Thomason,  Lewis’  crack  organ¬ 
izer,  went  to  Gouverneur,  St.  Lawrence 
County,  N.  Y.,  which  is  one  of  the 
greatest  dairy  sections  in  the  United 
States,  to  speak  at  a  meeting  which 
was  very  well  advertised.  Mr.  Thomas¬ 
on  was  bitterly  disappointed  because 
he  expected  that  hundreds  of  dairymen 
would  be  at  that  meeting.  There  were 
35.,  and  of  these  only  about  25  were 
dairymen,  and  of  the  25  only  a  very 
few  signed  the  union  agreement. 

The  next  night  at  Middlebury,  Ver- 
mont^  in  another  large  dairy  section. 
Thomason  spoke  at  another  well  ad¬ 
vertised  meeting.  Hundreds  were  ex¬ 
pected.  About  50  came.  Few  signed. 

Not  only  are  farmers  of  other  or¬ 
ganizations  refusing  to  have  anything 
to  do  with  the  United  Mine  Workers, 
but  even  a  large  number  of  the  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  Dairy  Farmers  Union  itself 
are  outspoken  against  John  Lewis  and 


all  his  works,  including  their  own  offi¬ 
cers  who  have  tried  to  get  them  into 
this  mess. 

Down  in  Tioga  County,  at  Catatonic, 
lives  Holland  R.  Foster,  State  Chair¬ 
man  of  the  Dairy  Farmers  Union. 
Speaking  the  other  night  at  a  local 
meeting,  Mr.  Foster  followed  the  usual 
plan  of  the  United  Mine  Workers 
of  attacking  every  one  of  the  farmers’ 
constructive!  organizations,  including 
the  Grange,  the  G.L.F.,  and  the  Farm 
Bureau.  Following  this  meeting,  which 
was  reported  by  the  local  paper,  the 
Owego  Times,  a  reporter  of  the  Times 
interviewed  11  local  farmers,  right  in 
Foster’s  own  and  neighboring  commun¬ 
ities,  as  to  what  they  thought  about 
John  L.  Lewis.  The  reporter  took  these 
farmers  as  they  came  without  trying  to 
pick  out  any  particular  ones.  Of  the  11 

farmers  interviewed,  10  were  emphatic¬ 
ally  opposed  to  Lewis’  plans  for  sign¬ 
ing  up  farmers,  and  the  one  exception 
said  he  had  not  reached  a  definite  con¬ 
clusion. 

Here  is  what  some  of  these  men  told 
the  Owego  Times  reporter: 

“I  am  not  a  member  of  the  Dairy¬ 
men’s  League,  and  I  am  not  in  favor 
of  the  farmer  and  the  C.I.O.  joining 
forces.” 

“I  can  tell  you  quick  we  don’t  want 
it.  I  am  a  former  union  man,  but  I 
have  no  use  for  John  L.  Lewis.” 

‘‘I  can  see  no  possible  good  in  it.” 

“I  have  worxea  m  the  Grange  with 
Mr.  Foster,  and  I  am  surprised  that  he 
would  go  with  the  C.I.O.” 

“John  L.  Lewis  cannot  serve  the 
dairymen  and  labor  at  the  same  time. 
Labor  wants  cheap  milk,  the  farmer  a 
reasonable  price.” 

“I  consider  it  the  worst  threat  that 
agriculture  has  ever  faced.” 

“I  have  called  on  24  farmers  in  this 
section,  just  as  they  came  regardless 
of  politics,  and  everyone  is  opposed  to 
it.” 

“I  have  no  hesitancy  in  denouncing 
the  proposed  C.I.O.  hookup  with  the 
eastern  dairy  farmers.  I  am  a  mem¬ 
ber  of  the  Free  Farmers,  Inc.,  which 
is  backed  by  several  State  and  national 
farm  organizations.  While  we  farmers 
have  no  quarrel  with  organized  labor, 
yet  when  they  try  to  include  dairy 
farmers  as  members  of  their  organiza¬ 
tions  we  will  fight  them  with  all  the 
power  we  possess.” 

If  you  want  any  further  evidence  as 
to  how  farmers  feel  about  John  L. 
Lewis,  I  refer  you  to  the  hundreds  of 
( Continued  on  Page  17) 


tain  Smith  is  an  Intelligence  Officer 
— he’s  not  an  intelligent  officer  ” 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


V  (309) 


DRY  BEANS - 

A  War-time  Crop 

fey  £.  V.  <J-fa>icile,*ihu'i(f, 

New  York  State  College  of  Agriculture. 

NEVER  BEFORE  in  the  history  of  cost-account  records,  by  farm  bureau 
this  country  have  our  farmers  variety  tests  and  by  inspection  of  seed 
been  called  on  to  do  so  big  a  job  of  fields  is  probably  not  significant.  In 
producing  so  much  food,  so  efficiently,  wet  years  and  in  years  of  early  killing 
so  quickly  and  of  the  best  quality  as  in  frosts,  the  damage  in  terms  of  “pick” 
this  year  1942.  Your  attention  is  call-  is  probably  higher  in  pea  and  other 
ed  to  an  important  food  crop  which  white  varieties.  On  the  other  hand,  the 


now,  as  in  the  past,  seems  particularly 
well  adapted  to  the  needs  of  wartime. 
Dry  beans  in  various  forms  are  grown 
and  eaten  by  every  country  now  at 
war.  Dry  beans  are  not  only  the 
cheapest  source  of  protein  food  avail¬ 
able,  but  also  about  the  easiest  and 
least  perishable  to  transport  long  dis¬ 
tances.  And,  too,  beans  contain  about 
the  same  percentage  of  protein,  pound 
for  pound,  as  lean  beef. 

During  World  War  I  the  demand  for 
beans  was  so  great  that  acreage,  pro¬ 
duction  and  price  increased  markedly 
and  remained  high  so  long  as  the  war 
lasted.  After  the  Armistice  in  1919, 
the  demand  lessened,  supplies  were  in 
excess  of  requirements  and  acreage 
and  prices  fell  sharply. 

More  Beans  Requested 

Now  in  the  “Food  for  Victory”  pro¬ 
gram,  the  federal  government  has  ask¬ 
ed  for  an  increased  production  over 
the  record  crop  of  1941.  The  1942  goal 
is  20,400.000  bags.  This  would  be  the 
largest  crop  in  the  history  of  this 
country,  representing  an  increase  of  9 
per  cent  over  last  year  and  44  per 
cent  over  the  5-year  average  for  1935- 
1939.  The  types  most  in  demand  in 
this  program  are  pea  and  medium 
beans,  Great  Northerns,  California 
Small  Whites,  Pinks  and  Pintoes.  The 
only  one  of  these  types  which  is  grown 
extensively  in  New  York  is  Pea  beans. 

No  minimum  price  support  in  pur¬ 
chases  made  by  the  Agricultural  Mar¬ 
keting  Administration  has  been  prom¬ 
ised  for  red  kidneys,  yelloweyes,  white 
marrows  and  white  kidneys.  However, 
negotiations  are  now  pending  as  a  re¬ 
sult  of  which  red  kidney  may  be  in¬ 
cluded.  Including  red  kidneys  would 
greatly  encourage  New  York  growers. 
Of  our  1941  acreage  of  167,000,  nearly 
one-half  was  of  this  variety. 

New  York  produces  about  two-thirds 
of  all  the  red  kidneys  grown  in  the 
United  States.  It  has  been  the  most 
profitable  variety  in  recent  years  and 
it  is  the  type  least  susceptible  to  wet 
weather  injury  on  our  heavier  soils. 
But,  unfortunately,  very  few  red  beans 
ever  have  been  exported  to  Europe. 
Under  the  present  lend-lease  program, 
only  white  beans  seem  to  be  in  demand. 
The  European  nations  have  not  yet 
learned  to  eat  red  beans. 

The  record  crop  of  red  kidneys  in 
1941  and  the  shortage  of  tin  for  can¬ 
ning  the  crop  has  resulted  in  a  serious 
slump  in  price.  New  York  growers  are 
at  the  moment  holding  a  large  portion 
of  last  year’s  crop  and  wondering 
when,  if  ever,  it  can  be  marketed  at  a 
price  that  will  return  cost  of  produc¬ 
tion.  All  these  factors  contribute  to  a 
situation  which  leaves  the  grower  of 
red  kidney  beans  in  doubt  whether  to 
maintain  or  increase  his  planting  of 
this  variety  or  whether  to  attempt  to 
grow  some  variety  of  white  beans. 

Variety  and  Seed 

Let  me  point  to  a  few  factors  to  be 
considered.  The  records  for  many 
years  show  that  the  market  price  or 
the  farm  value  of  red  kidney  beans 
generally  has  been  considerably  above 
that  for  pea  beans.  Even  now  the  dif¬ 
ferential  is  25  to  50  cents  a  hundred¬ 
weight.  Difference  in  average  yields 
between  these  two  types  as  judged  by 


red  kidney  crop  is  much  more  affected 
by  bacterial  blight.  The  cost  of  pro¬ 
ducing  red  kidneys  is  somewhat  higher 
than  that  of  pea  beans,  the  difference 
being  largely  a  matter  of  greater  seed 
cost. 

Allowing  for  the  fact  that  our  red 
kidney  seed  comes  from  California  and 
costs  a  premium  of  at  least  5  cents  a 
pound  over  the  farm  value  of  the  crop, 
the  difference  in  per  acre  cost  of  seed 
amounts  to  about  $4.25,  or  one-half 
cent  per  pound.  Considering  all  these 
facts,  we  suggest  caution  before  chang¬ 
ing  to  a  different  variety  of  beans  this 
year.  To  best  cooperate  in  the  govern¬ 
ment  program,  the  red  kidney  grower 
who  has  loamy,  well  drained  soil  may 
change  over  to  pea  beans  and  expect 
to  mature  and  cure  the  crop  satisfac¬ 
torily.  If  his  soil  is  on  the  heavy  or¬ 
der,  not  so  well  drained  and  conducive 
to  late  maturity  of  the  crop,  we  believe 
he  should  continue  to  grow  red  kid¬ 
neys.  However,  this  is  probably  not  a 
good  year  to  increase  the  acreage  of 
red  kidneys.  On  the  contrary  the  out¬ 
look  for  white  varieties,  particularly 
for  pea  beans,  is  very  promising. 

Whatever  variety  is  chosen,  the 
choice  of  seed  is  all-important.  The 
red  kidney  grower  should  insist  on 
California  grown  seed.  If  it  is  not 
available,  it  may  be  better  not  to  plant 
this  variety  at  all  because  of  the  dan¬ 
ger  of  blight.  Such  seed  is  selling  for 
about  10  cents  the  pound.  Use  about 
60  pounds  of  this  red  kidney  seed  to 
the  acre.  Seed  it  at  the  rate  of  4 
plants  to  the  foot  in  28-inch  rows  or  6 
plants  to  the  foot  in  36-inch  rows. 

The  grower  of  pea  beans  should  in¬ 
sist  on  either  the  Robust  or  the 
Michelite  variety.  There  is  little  choice 
between  them.  Pea  beans  should  be 
seeded  at  the  rate  of  35  pounds  to  the 
acre  or  4  plants  to  the  foot  in  28-inch 
rows.  Any  other  than  these  varieties 
of  pea  beans  is  not  recommended  be¬ 
cause  of  the  danger  of  loss  from  the 
mosaic  disease. 

Cost  Per  Acre  Low 

In  conclusion,  let  me  say  that  this 
should  be  a  good  year  to  grow  dry 
beans.  The  government  has  asked  for 
more.  The  war  program  demands 
more.  In  every  other  war,  beans  have 
played  a  big  role  in  food  production. 
Prices  have  usually  risen  to  a  level  to 
more  than  pay  the  increased  cost  of 
production.  No  other  cash  crop  avail¬ 
able  to  the  western  New  York  grower 
can  be  grown  at  lower  cost  per  acre, 
and  with  so  little  labor.  Few,  if  any, 
food  crops  can  contribute  so  much 
concentrated  food  value,  notably  pro¬ 
tein,  at  so  little  cost. 

Many  farmers  outside  of  the  bean 
belt  of  western  New  York  are  con-  j 
templating  this  crop  this  spring.  If  j 
located  more  than  50  miles  from  a : 
bean  elevator  or  processing  plant,  the  i 
question  of  how  to  dispose  of  the  crop  ' 
is  pertinent.  Up-to-date  information 
on  dry-bean  production  is  available  at 
the  Farm  Bureaus  and  from  the  New 
York  State  College  of  Agriculture. 
Ask  for  War  Emergency  Bulletin  No. 

8,  or  for  Experiment  Station  Bulletin 
776.  A  Farm  Bureau  Service  Letter 
on  the  grades  and  storage  of  dry-beans 
is  also  available. 


Some  day  Max  Guehler’s  beans 
may  help  a  Bomber 
get  to  Tokyo! 


Sure —soy  bean  plastics  help  “keep  ’em  flying,”  so  Max 
helps  keep  'em  growing!  He’s  a  two-tractor  farmer  from 
DeKalb  County,  Illinois.  And  with  corn,  oats,  alfalfa 
and  soy  beans  plus  cows,  sows,  and  ewes  to  worry 
about  he  s  not  risking  tractor  breakdowns.  He  figures 
none  but  the  best  tractor  oil  is  good  enough  today,  and 
3  years  have  convinced  him  that  means  150-Hour  Veedol 
for  gasoline-driven  tractors. 


Max  SayS!  “Veedol  makes  such 
a  tight  piston  seal,  I  get  max¬ 
imum  fuel  economy!”  And  with 
Veedol,  tractors  can  work  far 
longer  between  drains  than  is 
safe  with  a  second-rate  oil.  It’s 
made  from  the  world’s  toughest, 
most  heat-resistant  crude  — 
100%  Arad/ord-Pennsylvania! 
Tractors  need  such  protection 
for  their  wartime  assignment. 

NOTE:  Your  farm  implement 
dealer  is  eager  to  help  keep  your 
machinery  in  first-class  condition. 
Don’t  hesitate  to  enlist  his 
expert  assistance. 


5  IMPORTANT  VEEDOL  SAVING&  1.  Saves  fuel  by  reducing  power 
blow-by.  2.  Saves  oil—  more  hours  between  refills.  3.  Saves  time 
by  avoiding  breakdown  delays.  4.  Saves  repairs  through  greater 
heat-  and  wear -resistance.  5.  Saves  tractors ,*  assures  long,  eco¬ 
nomical  service.  150-Hour  Veedol  Tractor  Oil  comes  in  convenient 
containers  from  5-gallon  pails  to  55-gallon  drums.  Order  today! 


A  Product  of 
Tide  Water 
Associated 
Oil  Company 


150-M0R 

VEEDOL 

100%  Pennsylvania  • . . 

"A  Better  Tractor  Oil  by  the  Clock" 


OIL 


IS  AMMUNITION 


USE  IT  WISELY 


America’s  Secret  Weapon 


You  won’t  find  it  on  the  production  lines  at 
Rock  Island  or  Willow  Run. 

It  isn’t  guarded  at  the  Brooklyn  Navy  Yard, 
or  tested  at  Aberdeen. 

But  it’s  the  toughest  weapon  these  men  you 
are  looking  at  will  ever  take  into  battle.  It’s  the 
stuff  with  which  all  our  wars  are  won. 

The  boy  in  the  uniform  doesn’t  call  it  morale. 
That’s  a  cold  potatoes  word  for  something  John 
American  feels  deep  and  warm  inside. 

Perhaps  he  can’t  give  it  a  name.  But  he  can 
tell  you  what  it’s  made  of. 

It’s  made  of  the  thrill  he  gets  when  his  troop 
train  stops  at  a  junction  point  and  fifty  good- 
looking  girls  are  at  the  station  with  cigarettes. 

It’s  made  of  the  appreciation  he  feels  for  a 
bright  new  USO  clubhouse  where  he  and  his 


friends  can  go  for  a  few  hours’  rest  and  relaxation. 

It’s  made  of  laughter  and  music-when  Bob 
Hope  or  Lana  Turner  visits  his  camp  with  a 
USO  show. 

It’s  made  of  his  invitations  to  the  homes  of 
pleasant  strangers. 

It’s  even  made  of  a  cup  of  coffee  and  a  Yankee 
smile— at  some  lone  outpost  in  Alaska  or  in  the 
Caribbean. 

Maybe  it’s  just  a  feeling  of  kinship  with  this 
land  of  a  hundred  million  generous  people.  May¬ 
be  it’s  just  the  understanding  that  this  whole 
country  cares;  that  the  soldier  is  bone  of  our 
bone;  that  he  and  we  are  one. 

Name  it  if  you  can.  But  it’s  the  secret  weapon 
of  a  democratic  army— a  weapon  that  can  never 
be  ersatzed  in  Germany  or  Japan. 


What  can  you  do  to  sharpen  this  weapon? 
Give  to  the  USO.  This  great  national  service 
organization  that  overrides  race  and  creed  has 
been  entrusted  by  your  government  with  re¬ 
sponsibility  for  the  service  man’s  leisure  needs. 
With  maintaining  clubhouses  and  providing 
camp  shows,  with  a  hundred  thoughtful  services 
to  our  men  at  home  and  abroad. 

The  needs  of  USO  have  grown  as  enormously 
as  our  armed  forces  themselves.  This  Spring 
we  must  have  $32,000,000. 

Give  all  you  can— whether  it’s  a  lot  or  a  little. 

Send  your  contribution  to  your  local  chairman 
or  to  USO,  Empire  State  Building,  New  YorkCity. 

*  USO  * 


THIS  SPACE  IS  A  CONTRIBUTION  TO  NATIONAL  DEFENSE  BY 

CAYUGA  MOTORS  CORPORATION 

ITHACA,  NEW  YORK 


ROBERT  E.  TREMAN,  President. 


Ax  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


9  (311) 


Where  ^nes  in  *8* 

troi  U.  S.  mechanisms, 

sensitively  ba^sSo  product,  is  adj 

revolutionary  regardl 

to  assure  heat  to  ex 

changes  from  extr 

f  AH  America  nna%al  winteC  aS  in 
**&•£££*• added  * 

? 

SffJE?-*1- 

H  Sgh"Suo the  te.c 

w  5^-  ss,:r:t 

keeps  the  gun 

temperatures. 


battle  witn  a 
summer,  oils 
ork  just  right  to 

of  big  gunS- 

v  which  requires 

Of  discharge,  has 

cylinders  to 

,ne  in  the  oil 

all  operating 


unhid  si  mis 

jSO  PRODUCT'. 

„  CONIP^NV 


^  fiGHTS  DETTtR  T«« 
BttWSl  «i  W'‘  <  U 

oolonim-  beacon 


OIL  IS  AMMUNITION 
...USE  IT  WISELY ! 


Seasonal  Work  with 
SMALL  FRUITS 

By  Qeanye  Jl.  Slate 


THE  FRUITING  strawberry  bed 
will  need  one  hoeing  before  the 
berries  ripen.  This  should  not  be 
neglected  as  the  weeds  can  cause  much 
trouble  by  using  soil  moisture  needed 
by  the  berry  plants.  The  poor  air  cir¬ 
culation  caused  by  the  presence  of 
weeds  will  favor  the  development  of 
leaf  spot  and  cause  the  berries  to  rot 
in  wet  weather. 

During  this  hoeing  one  should  watch 
for  weak  plants  and  attempt  to  find 
out  what  injured  them.  A  common, 
but  often  unrecognized  cause  of  weak 
plants  is.  winter  injury.  This  usually 
occurs  to  plants  not  properly  mulched 
during  the  winter.  If  the  whole  bed 
was  not  mulched  all  the  plants  may  be 
weak.  The  mulch  may  have  been  ap¬ 
plied  too  late,  that  is,  after  tempera¬ 
tures  lower  than  18°  have  been  experi¬ 
enced.  If  only  scattered  plants  are 
weak  the  mulch  may  have  blown  off 
these  plants  or  they  were  skipped  when 
the  mulch  was  applied. 


with  black  raspberries,  and  24  to  30 
inches  with  purple  raspberries.  This 
should  be  done  as  soon  as  the  desired 
height  is  reached,  otherwise  much 
growth  will  be  wasted.  The  canes  thus 
checked  will  make  sturdy,  compact, 
well  branched  bushes.  Canes  allowed 
to  grow  unchecked  are  long,  sprawling 
and  difficult  to  manage.  Red  raspber¬ 
ries  should  not  be  tipped  back. 

— a.  a  — 

SETTING  RASPBERRIES 

How  close  should  raspberries  be  plant¬ 
ed,  and  how  should  they  be  pruned  when 
they  are  set  out? 

Raspberries  are  more  often  planted 
too  close  than  too  far  apart.  A  good 
distance  is  three  feet  apart  in  rows 
eight  feet  apart.  A  good  method  is  to 
lay  out  the  field  by  plowing  furrows 
about  four  inches  deep.  Set  the  plants 
in  the  bottom  of  the  furrow;  pull  about 
two  inches  of  soil  over  the  roots;  and 


* 

tramp  it  down  firmly.  The  remainder 
of  the  furrow  can  be  filled  in  as  new 
shoots  develop.  When  planted,  berry 
bushes  are  usually  cut  back  to  within 
a  few  inches  of  the  ground. 

Berries  grow  best  in  a  light,  quickly 
drained  soil  which  does  not  have  too 
heavy  a  sub-soil.  Berry  roots  will  go 
as  deep  as  two  feet  in  a  favorable 
soil.  After  the  berries  are  set  out, 
cultivate  them  frequently  but  not  too 
deeply. 

— a.  a. 

RABBITS 

Seems  up  in  Niagara  County  they 
have  “Jap”  rabbits  instead  of  jack 
rabbits.  They  are  natural  born  sabo¬ 
teurs,  aS  evidenced  by  this  expert  gird¬ 
ling  job  on  a  McIntosh  tree  in  the 
orchard  of  Alan  Flack  near  Sanborn. 
John  G.  Goodrich,  Niagara  County 
Farm  Bureau  fruit  expert,  who  is 
shown  here  examining  the  damage, 
declares  thfit  never  before  have  the 
ravages  of  the  rabbits  been  so  great 
as  during  the  past  winter.  Hundreds 
of  trees,  in  many  instances  entire 
orchards,  have  been  destroyed,  result¬ 
ing  in  a  damage  estimated  at  many 
thousands  of  dollars. 

This  situation  is  attributed  to  sev¬ 
eral  reasons.  One  is  that  Niagara 
County  has  a  Dec.  31  closing  date  on 


the  open  season  on  rabbits,  compared 
to  a  Jan.  31  -closing  date  in  the  other 
fruit  counties.  Another  reason  is  that 
sportsmen,  due  to  press  of  defense 
work,  have  not  done  as  much  rabbit 
him  ting  as  in  former  years.  Conse¬ 
quently,  the  rabbit  population  in  Ni¬ 
agara  County  has  grown  by  proverbial 
leaps  and  bounds. — LeRoy  Fess. 


To  determine  whether  the  plants  are 
winter  injured,  slice  the  crown,  or  solid 
center  of  the  plant,  lengthwise  and  ex¬ 
amine  the  exposed  tissue.  If  white,  it 
is  uninjured,  but  if  brown  it  has  been 
injured  by  low  temperatures  during 
the  winter.  The  amount  and  intensity 
of  the  browning  indicates  the  extent 
of  the  injury.  The  food  stored  in  this 
crown  has  been  destroyed,  and  is  not 
available  for  plant  growth.  Thus  we 
have  a  weak  plant.  All  that  can  be 
done  now  is  to  resolve  to  do  a  better 
job  of  mulching  next  November. 

If  weak  plants  are  found  in  wet 
spots  slice  the  roots  lengthwise  and 
examine  the  center.  If  reddish  brown 
the  red  stele  root  rot  disease  may  be 
present.  The  examination  should  be 
made  about  blooming  time  as  the  roots 
soon  rot  and  the  typical  symptoms 
vanish.  This  disease  is  controlled  by 
avoiding  poorly  drained  soils,  or  by 
planting  resistant  varieties  such  as 
Aberdeen. 

Growers  of  raspberries  who  wish  to 
sell  plants  next  fall  and  spring  must 
have  their  fields  inspected  by  the  State 
nursery  inspector  twice  during  the 
growing  season.  There  is  no  charge 
for  berry  inspection,  which  is  obtained 
by  writing  to  the  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture  and  Markets,  Albany,*  N.  Y. 
This  service  has  done  a  lot  to  improve 
the  health  of  berry  plantiqgs  in  New 
York  and  no  grower  should  take  a 
chance  with  uninspected  plants. 

During  early  June,  the  new  Shoots 
of  black  and  purple  raspberries  must 
be  tipped  or  pinched  off  to  induce 
branching.  The  tips  are  pinched  or 
cut  off  at  a  height  of  18  to  24  inches 


Nvi,  t ,  , 

m  ,i  /  .•  •'  >  <•  •• 

1IW>  «>  , 

•  •• 


*  j  ,1/  *i(y,«Xju  •’* 

,1  JU  x'ff 


C('e; 


O' 


“Why,  with  a  little  contour  plowing, 
you’ll  have  one  of  the  best  farms  in 
these  parts!13 


(312)  lO 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


CLEAN  RUBBER 

JlaAti  Jlo4tae>i! 

Butterfat  is  hard  on  rubber  and  rubber  is  scarce.  Keep 
your  Surge  inflations  clean  and  they  will  last  much  long¬ 
er.  It  has  always  paid  you  well  to  keep  Surge  inflations 
clean  .  .  .  now,  as  it  becomes  more  difficult  to  gel  rubber 
...  it  will  pay  you  EXTRA.  Follow  these  3  steps  to 
better  milk. 

✓  l 

1 .  Immediate  Rinsing  Is  imperative  beeause 
nobody  has  time  to  scour  away  milkstone.  Seconds  count ! 

2.  Thorough  Scrubbing  Is  necessary  to  pre¬ 
vent  bacteria  hiding  here  and  there  to  dodge  the  sterilizer. 

3.  Thorough  Sterilization  Completes  the 

job  . . .  KILLING  the  bacteria  not  rinsed  and  scrubbed  away. 

“It’s  easier  to  produce  clean  milk  with  the  Surge  Milker 
because  it’s  easier  to  keep  the  Surge  Milker  clean.’ 


-Surge 


DAI  RY/ FARM /EQUIPMENT, 

See  the  -Surge  Milk  the 

MERIDALE  HERD 

AT  THE  4th  ANNUAL  JERSEY  SALE 
AT  MEREDITH,  N.  Y.,  JUNE  19-20 

BABSON  BROS.  CO.  of  N.Y. 

Syracuse,  I\J.  Y. 


For  VICTORY 


UNITED 

STATES 

WAR 

BONDS 

and 

STAMPS 


IF  You  Are  Getting 

Less  Than  O  %  swa,?he 

W  7  US 

We  have  never  paid  less  than  3%  on  ALL 
ACCOUNTS,  large  or  small.  The  safety  of 
every  account  is  fully  insured  up  to  $5000. 
Accounts  may  be  opened  and  carried  on  by 
mail.  Write  to  Desk  E  for  signature  card 
and  information  folder. 

ASSETS  OVER  $6,000,000 

NATICK  fs^Fnr£! 

AND  LOAN  ASSOCIATION 

DESK  E  Founded  1886  NATICK,  MASS. 


AUTOMOBILE  INSURANCE 


MERCH 

CASUA 


MUTUAL 

lOMPANY 


C.  W.  BROWN,  President 

BUFFALO,  N.Y. 

ASK  OUR  AGENT  IN  YOUR  TOWN  ABOUT  SURE  PROTECTION, 
PROMPT  SETTLEMENTS,  AND  ECONOMY,  WITH  PERSONAL  SERVICE 


One  crop  of  purebred  replacements  from  the  twelve-cow  herd  of  Floyd  Somes, 

Memphis,  N.  Y. 

Purebred  Sires 

Ptd  Pn&jjii  in  Small  Herds 


AS  PROOF  that  even  the  small  herd 
owner  can’t  afford  to  breed  any¬ 
thing  but  purebreds,  Floyd  Somes  of 
Memphis,  New  York,  has  piled  up  an 
enviable  record  with  a  herd  of  from 
ten  to  twelve  purebred  Guernseys.  For 
two  years  his  small  herd  led  the  state 
Dairy  Herd  Improvement  Association 
honor  roll,  and  sales  of  surplus  animals 
last  year  added  an  average  of  $55  per 
month  to  his  income. 

Mr.  Somes  has  lived  pn  Circleview 
Farm  since  1921.  Alfalfa  was  the 
main  cash  crop  until  the  dairy  herd 
was  established.  Now  attention  is 
given  to  the  raising  of  other  crops  also, 
as  they  contribute  to  feeding  the 
milking  cows  and  young  stock. 

In  1934  Mr.  Somes  looked  around 
and  finally  selected  an  old  established 
nerd  that  had  the  type  and  production 
he  wanted.  It  was  from  the  late 
Charles  Hornburg  of  Ira,  New  York, 
that  he  purchased  six  head  as  a  foun¬ 
dation.  Within  a  year,  the  herd  was 
increased  to  ten  cows  and  placed  first 
in  the  Dairy  Herd  Improvement  As¬ 
sociation  honor  roll  with  an  average 
of  462  pounds  of  butterfat  on  twice 
daily  milking  and  ordinary  farm  care. 

This  herd  has  maintained  an  average 
of  over  400  pounds  of  butterfat  every 
year  except  one,  when  it  averaged  398, 
even  though  young  heifers  were  added 
to  the  milking  herd.  The  seven  year 
herd  average  is  430  pounds  of  fat. 
Last  year  this  twelve  cow  herd  again 
had  the  highest  average  in  the  state 
with  479  pounds  of  butterfat  per  ani¬ 
mal.  Any  Dairy  Herd  Improvement 
Association  tester  or  dairyman  will 
testify  that  this  is  a  profitable  level  of 
production. 

In  maintaining  a  small  herd,  Mr. 
Somes  has  found  a  ready  market  for 
his  stock.  Last  year  he  sold  four  heif¬ 
ers  and  four  young  bulls  for  $650. 
This  is  equal  to  the  addition  of  $55 
each  month  to  the  milk  check.  Any¬ 
one  that  works  for  a  salary  or  wages 
would  be  convinced  by  this  evidence 
that  purebreds  pay.  During  the  previ¬ 
ous  five  years,  fourteen  animals  were 
sold  for  a  total  of  $1500. 

A  mastitis  and  Bang’s  disease  con¬ 
trol  program  has  been  followed  re¬ 
ligiously.  The  herd  has  been  free  of 
Bang’s  disease  for  eight  years. 

Fourteen  animals  now  in  the  herd 
trace  to  one  of  the  original  foundation 
cows,  Rose  Lenora.  She  had  a  record 
Of  387.9  pounds  of  butterfat  made  in 
ten  months  on  twice  daily  milking. 
Her  two  daughters  made  seven  records 
that  average  437  pounds  of  butterfat. 
They  also  added  five  females  to  the 
milking  herd.  A  granddaughter  of  the 
old  cow  has  three  records  that  aver¬ 
age  10,662  pounds  of  milk  and  555.8 
pounds  of  butterfat.  She  is  the  dam 


of  Circleview  Sonny  Boy,  who  is  own¬ 
ed  by  the  New  York  State  Artificial 
Breeders’  Cooperative. 

Three  purebred  bulls  have  been  used 
by  Mr.  Somes  since  the  herd  was 
established.  The  first  sire  was  Lead¬ 
er’s  Duke.  He  sired  nine  cows  that 
were  added  to  the  herd.  Their  records 
averaged  410.3  pounds  of  butterfat. 

The  second  sire,  Hinsdale  Renown, 
was  purchased  as  a  calf  at  a  picnic 
in  Glenfoot,  New  York,  where  he  was 
auctioned  to  pay  a  4-H  Club  note.  This 
sire  made  an  excellent  showing  in  the 
Circleview  herd.  He  raised  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  his  ten  daughters  an  aver¬ 
age  of  1159  pounds  of  milk  and  19 
pounds  of  butterfat. 

Coronation  Flippant,  the  third  pure¬ 
bred  sire  now  being  used  in  Mr.  Somes 
breeding  program  has  several  daugh¬ 
ters  with  records  that  average  9,633 
pounds  of  milk  and  443  pounds  of  but¬ 
terfat. 

While  building  up  this  small  profit¬ 
able  purebred  herd,  Mr.  Somes  has 
found  time  to  be  an  active  leader  in 
local  affairs.  He  has  bred  several  cows 
artificially  and  been  a  member  of  the 
New  York  State  Artificial  Insemina¬ 
tion  Association’s  bull  committee.  For 
a  number  of  years  he  has  been  presi¬ 
dent  of  the  county  Guernsey  Breeders' 
Association. 

Mr.  Somes’ '  son,  Barton,  started 
breeding  Guernseys  through  his  4-H 
Club  work  with  the  same  enthusiasm 
and  diligence  exhibited  by  his  father. 
He  started  with  one  good  foundation 
cow  and  recently  had  the  grand  cham¬ 
pion  *4-H  Club  Guernsey  at  the  New 
York  State  Fair. 

Mr.  Somes  has  found  the  breeding  of 
purebred  Guernseys  both  fascinating 
and  profitable  even  though  he  main¬ 
tains  only  a  small  herd. 


“Heh!  Heh!  I  starched  it  on  her! 


t” 


THE  NEW  YORK  STATE  JERSEY  CATTLE  CLUB 


ANNOUNCES  THE 


Annual  Sale  of  Registered  Jerseys 


TO  BE  HELD  AT 


MERIDALE  FARMS,  MEREDITH,  DELAWARE  CO.,  N.  Y. 

SATURDAY,  JUNE  20th,  STARTING  AT  12  O’CLOCK 

OFFERING 

40  Head  from  New  York  State’s  Leading  Herds 


A  PERSONAL 
MESSAGE  FROM 
OUR  PRESIDENT 

ON  SATURDAY,  June  20th, 
we  are  going  to  have  a  grand 
Jersey  Day  at  Meridale 
Farms  in  Delaware  County, 
New  York. 

The  main  attraction  will 
he  the  Fourth  Annual  Sale 
of  the  New  York  State  Jersey 
Cattle  Cluh. 

Forty  head  will  be  offered 
and  included  among  them 
will  be  a  draft  of  top  individuals  from  the  leading  herds  of 
the  State.  They  are  individuals  with  production  backgrounds 
and  I  feel  quite  certain  that  several  of  them  will  do  big  things 
in  the  showring.  The  offering  will  also  include  some  mighty 
fine  performers  at  the  pail  and  some  excellent  brood  cows. 
All  cattle  from  TB  and  Bang’s  free  herds,  of  course. 

Jim  McCord  of  Nashville,  Tennessee,  will  be  the  auctioneer, 
assisted  by  John  Thompson.  Hugh  Hughes  will  handle  cattle 
in  the  ring.  The  sale  starts  at  12  o’clock. 


Pres. 


HARRY  C.  ANDREWS 
N.  Y.  State  Jersey  Cattle  Club. 


But  you’ll  want  to  be  there  long  before  that  —  in  fact  the 
day  before.  The  Club  is  giving  a  testimonial  dinner  in  honor 
of  Mrs.  Anna  Ayer  Fry,  mistress  of  Meridale,  at  Meredith  Inn 
on  Friday  evening  and  you’re  all  invited. 

On  Friday  morning  and  afternoon,  Professor  Fordyce  Ely 
of  Lexington,  Kentucky,  will  officially  classify  the  fine  Jerseys 
owned  by  Meridale  Farms. 

And  Saturday  morning  before  the  sale,  there  will  be  a  cattle 
show  and  the  animals  consigned  to  the  sale  will  be  judged. 
At  11:30  there  will  be  a  barbecue  for  every  one. 

So  remember  —  Meridale  Farms  on  Friday  and  all  day 
Saturday,  June  20,  for  two  big  Jersey  days  that  you  will  al¬ 
ways  remember.  If  you’d  like  more  information  about  the 
sale  or  if  you  would  like  to  make  reservations  for  the  ban¬ 
quet,  I  wish  you  would  write  to  our  Secretary,  Dr.  A.  C.  Dahl- 
berg.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Geneva,  New  York. 

There  are  excellent  roads  to  Meridale  Farms,  Meredith, 
New  York,  and  if  you  desire  to  come  by  train,  we  will  arrange 
to  meet  you  at  Binghamton,  Oneonta,  or  Albany.  You  can 
stay  at  Meredith  Inn  if  you  like  and  special  rates  are  being 
made  for  the  occasion. 

I’ll  be  looking  forward  to  seeing  you. 

G.  /IndsiewA, 

President,  New  York  State  Jersey  Cattle  Club. 


MEMBERS  NEW  YORK  STATE  JERSEY  CATTLE  CLUB 


ANDREWS,  H.  C.,  Waterloo,  N.  Y. 

*  ARMSTRONG,  J.  B.,  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y. 

BECKWITH,  EARL  A.,  Ludlowville,  N.  Y. 

*BLY,  FRANK,  Pine  City,  N.  Y. 

“BREE,  RONALD,  Meridale  Farms,  Meredith,  N  Y 

*BUTLER,  EDMOND,  Chester,  N.  Y. 

CASE,  GROVER,  R.D.  2,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

COLLINS,  F.  M.,  Mannsville,  N.  Y. 

®eP**  °f  Animal  Industry,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
DOMAN,  MR.  AND  MRS.  GEORGE  S„  Elbridge,  N.  Y. 

GAIL,  HARRY  S.,  East  Aurora,  N.  Y 

HENRY,  MR.  AND  MRS.  WM.,  North  Chili,  N.  Y. 

A’  °rchard  Home  Farms,  Kinderhook,  N.  Y. 
HYDE,  W.  W.,  Malone,  N.  Y. 

JENNINGS,  C.  H.,  East  Durham,  N.  Y. 

♦JOHNSON,  MR.  AND  MRS.  MICHAEL,  Meredith,  N.  Y. 


LIFE  MEMBERS 


KEITH,  J.  K.,  Oneonta,  N.  Y. 

*KENAN,  W.  R„  Lockport,  N.  Y. 

KIDD,  J.  HOWARD,  JR.,  Webster,  N.  Y. 

♦LUCHSINGER,  MR  AND  MRS.  JOHN,  R.  3,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

MIX,  WM.  P.,  Schoharie,  N.  Y. 

MOXEY,  EDWARD  L.,  Jamesville,  N.  Y. 

McALPIN,  K.  R.,  West  Berne,  N.  Y. 

NEW  YORK  STATE  AGR.  EXP.  STATION,  Dairy  Dept.,  Geneva,  N.  Y. 
*P AYNE,  IRA  G.,  EAST  Schodack,  N.  Y.  ’  '  T* * 

RICH,  GEORGE  T„  Hobart,  N.  Y. 

♦SISSON,  GEORGE  W.,  JR.,  Potsdam,  N.  Y. 

SMITH  AND  FULLER  JERSEY  FARMS,  Jamesville,  N.  Y. 

STOWELL,  THOS.  C„  Le  Roy,  N.  Y. 

*WAITE,  MR.  AND  MRS.  GEORGE,  Williamsville,  N.  Y. 

WALKER  BROTHERS,  West  Berne,  N.  Y. 

*  CONSIGNORS  TO  SALE  ON  SATURDAY,  JUNE  20 


.1.  BARTON  ARCHIBALD,  Treadwell. 

T.  I.  BELLE.  64  West  Main  St.,  Cortland. 
DONALD  BENNINGTON,  Norwich. 

MRS.  MARY  BLANKENBERG,  R.D.  2,  Stanley. 
♦DAN  BLY,  Corning. 

KATHLEEN  BOLLES,  Meredith. 

EARL  H.  BRATT,  Baldwinsville. 

DENA  BREE,  Meredith. 

STANLEY  BROWNELL,  108  Elmwood  Ave.,  Ithaca. 
M.  C.  and  A.  D.  CARPENTER.  So.  Kortright. 
WILLIAM  CASEY,  75  Cherry  St.,  Geneva. 

*LEE  CHAMBERLAIN,  Wyoming. 

COSMOS  HILL  FARM,  Cortland. 

DON  DAVIDSON,  Delancey. 

MR  AND  MRS.  V.  DIRVIN,  Meredith. 

DR.  D.  E.  DONOVAN,  Springwater. 

D.  E.  DONOVAN,  JR.,  Springwater. 

ARTHUR  DUNN,  Hornell. 

HARRY  ELLIOTT,  Greene. 

JOHN  A.  FAULRING,  Reinhart  Road,  Alden. 


MEMBERS  -  1942 

MR.  AND  MRS.  JOHN  FOSTER.  Plymouth. 
FRANK  HAMILTON,  Pine  City. 

C.  G.  HARRISON,  R.  D.  I,  Oneonta. 

LYNN  W.  HATHAWAY.  186  Main  St.,  Oneonta. 
CLYDE  HENDERSON,  R.  D.  I,  Tully. 

EARL  C.  HENRY,  Port  Henry. 

GEORGE  A.  HIGBY,  Constableville. 

JOSEPH  W.  HONEYWELL.  Walton. 

MRS.  ANNE  LOUISE  HOWARD.  Smyrna. 

WM.  HYZER  AND  SONS,  Franklin. 

FRANK  JAMES.  1081  Arsenal  St.,  Watertown, 
MICHAEL  JOHNSON,  Meridale. 

GUY  JOHNSTON,  R.  D.  2,  Tully. 

MILO  JURGENS,  Meridale. 

F.  B.  KIMMEY,  East  Greenbush. 

S.  L.  KNOX,  Wyoming. 

JOHN  MANDELL,  Honeoye  Falls. 

ERNEST  L.  MARKHAM,  Turin. 

JOHN  McMURRAY,  Wyoming. 

J.  S.  MEANS,  Meredith. 


CARL  MILLER,  Arcade. 

*DR.  H.  C.  MONTGOMERY.  Watertown. 

W.  W.  MOODY,  Delancey. 

N.  Y.  STATE  SCHOOL  OF  AGRICULTURE,  Delhi. 

OSBORN  BROTHERS,  Arkport. 

JOHN  C.  REAGAN,  Tully. 

♦REGALEM  FARM,  Howells. 

RAY  REYNOLDS.  Georgetown. 

HARRY  R.  SANFORD,  Savona. 

LA  VERNE  SHAUT,  Bath. 

♦ALBERTA  E.  SMITH,  Bath. 

JOHN  SMITH,  Kanona. 

HAYNES  SNYDER,  R.  2,  Fulton. 

GEORGE  STRING  AN,  Manlius. 

RUSSELL  G.  THOMPSON,  Delhi. 

A.  M.  THOMSON,  Walton. 

REGINALD  TODD.  Arkville. 

E.  M.  TWEEDIE,  Walton. 

♦WILLIAM  VAN  VALKENBURGH,  Trout  Creek. 

♦CONSIGNORS  TO  SALE  ON  SATURDAY,  JUNE  20. 


i 


(314)  12 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


You  get  an  economical  and  efficient  in¬ 
secticide  when  you  mix  lVi  teaspoonfuls 
of  "Black  Leaf  40”  with  a  gallon  of  water; 
add  a  little  soap.  It  is  effective  on  aphis, 
leaf  hoppers,  leaf  miners,  most  thrips, 
young  sucking  bugs  and  similar  insects. 

A  Little  Goes  a  Long  Way 

"Black  Leaf  40”  kills  by  contact  and  by 
fumes.  It  is  economical. 

Insist  on  Original  Factory  Sealed 
Packages  for  Full  Strength  4103 

Tobacco  By-Products 
&  Chemical  Corp., 

Incorporated 
Louisville,  Kentucky 

ggQGSSZHX 


PLANTS  FOR  SALE 


VEGETABLE  PLANTS:  150  ^llouJHls 

CABBAGE:  Copenhagen  Market,  G-oldenacre,  Flatdutch. 
Ballhead  and  Marion  Market  (All  seasons  Yellows  Re¬ 
sistant)  Prices:  500,  $1.25:  1000,  $2.00  prepaid;  10,000, 
$12.50  expressed  collect.  TOMATO:  Rutgers,  Marglobe, 
Stokesdale,  Master  Marglobe,  Bonnybest.  Prices:  $2.00 
per  1000.  Sweetpotato  Plants:  Portorieo,  Nancyhall, 
Cuban  Yams  $2.00,  1000.  Pepper:  California  Wonder, 
Ruby  king,  $3.50,  1000.  We  use  CERTIFIED  (treated) 
seeds,  cultivate  our  plants  in  rows  and  grade  them  be¬ 
fore  packing.  The  difference  you  pay  for  quality  plants 
will  be  more  than  regained  by  increased  crop  produc¬ 
tion.  Our  30  years  experience  is  at  your  service.  De¬ 
scriptive  list  f ree. 

J.  P.  COUNCILL  CO.,  FRANKLIN,  VIRGINIA. 


140 

m.i.'.nnjujMW 


Get  earlier  larger  yields  from  your  Victory  Gardens. 

Plant  our  fieldgrown  vegetable  plants.  Wakefield.  Gol- 
denacre,  Copenhagen.  Marionniarket  cabbage,  $1.00 
thousand.  Y'ellow  and  wax  Bermuda  onions.  $1.50 
thousand.  Marglobe,  Rutger,  Pritchard,  Stokesdale. 
Baltimore  tomatoes,  Portorieo,  Nancyhall  sweet  pota¬ 
toes  $2.00  thousand.  Rubyking,  California  Wonder. 
Hungarian  pepper,  Blackbeauty  and  Ilighbush  egg  plants 
$2.25  thousand.  Shipped  C.O.D.  Mail  or  express  collect. 
OMEGA  PLANT  FARMS,  OMEGA,  GEORGIA 


CABBAGE,  CAULIFLOWER.  BROCCOLI  and  TOMATO 
PLANTS.  Cauliflower:  Super,  Catskill  and  Holland  Er¬ 
furt,  IOOO-$4.75  ,  5000-$22.50.  Cabbage:  Golden  Acre. 
Early  and  Late  Copenhagen,  Glory,  Danish  Roundhead 
and  Ballhead,  Penn  State,  Bed,  Savoy,  etc.  Yellows 
Resistant  Copenhagen,  Marion  Market  and  Wisconsin 
Hollander,  I000-$2.00,  5000-$9.00.  Broccoli,  Sprouts  and 
Tomato  Plants  I000-$2.50,  5000-$!  1. 00.  Large  quantities. 
Re-Booted.  F.  W.  ROCHELLE  &  SONS,  Chester,  N.  J. 


Write  for  prices  on  Schroer’s  Better  Vegetable  Plants. 

Cabbage,  leading  varieties:  Onion,  Broccoli.  Certified 
Tomatoes:  Gulf  State  Market  (Pink),  Pritchard,  Bonny 
Best,  Stokesdale,  Marglobe,  Rutger,  Brimmer,  Ponder- 
osa,  John  Baer,  and  Baltimore.  Pepper:  Ruby  Giant, 
World  Beater,  California  Wonder,  Pimento,  red  Cay¬ 
enne  and  Hungarian  Yellow  Wax.  Black  Beauty  egg¬ 
plant.  Porto  Rico  Y'am  sweet  potato. 

SCHROER  PLANT  FARMS,  VALDOSTA,  GEORGIA 


2,000,000  SWEET  POTATO  PLANTS:  Nancy  Hall. 
Maryland  Golden  and  Big  Stem  $2.00  per  1000  prepaid, 
parcel  post.  9  kinds  of  C annas.  $1.90,  1 00.  Express 

here.  C.  E.  BROWN,  BRIDGEVILLE,  DELAWARE. 


CERTIFIED  TOMATO  PLANTS,  Marglobe.  Bonnie, 
Rutger,  Pritchard,  Baltimore,  $1.60-1000:  $1.00-500. 

California  Wonder  Peppers,  $1.75-1,000:  Cabbage.  75c- 
1.000.  Prompt  shipment.  Sims  Plant  Co.,  Pembroke.  Ga. 


The  Vegetable  Package 
Situation  /w 


GETTING  packages  for  marketing 
vegetables  is  going  to  offer  difficul¬ 
ties  this  season,  but  there  has  been 
little  evidence  so  far  that  the  packages 
used  or  the  practices  in  connection 
with  them  will  be  materially  changed. 

Prices  of  used  containers  have  risen 
much  more  than  the  prices  of  new  ones, 
partly  because,  at  least  in  certain 

regions,  some  used 
containers  former¬ 
ly  were  pretty 
cheap.  One  grow¬ 
er  reports  paying 
8V2c  for  baskets 
which  he  previous¬ 
ly  bought  for  3V2c. 
This  is  perhaps  a 
wider  range  than 
usual.  Both  new 
baskets  and  crates 
are  up  in  the 
neighborhood  of 
20%  to  30%. 

This  is  a  good 
time  to  make  full 
use  of  used  con¬ 
tainers  provided 
they  are  available 
at  reasonable  cost.  At  the  same  time, 
some  will  be  under  the  necessity  of 
using  new  packages  where  old  ones 
have  been  customary. 

After  all,  the  trend  from  bulk  mar¬ 
keting  to  packaging  and  from  old 
packages  to  new  has  been  sound  in 
cases  Where  the  results  justify  these 
extra  costs,  and  this  trend  has  prac¬ 
tically  taken  bulk  shipment  of  vege¬ 
tables  out  of  the  picture.  Also,  the 
general  trend  has  been  toward  new 
instead  of  used  containers,  especially 
where  shipment  for  a  material  distance 
is  involved.  This  tendency  has  been 
slower  on  local  markets,  and  in  many 
cases  there  would  be  little  justification 


Paul  Work 


for  it. 

Growers  of  vegetables  should  use 
their  influence  to  prevent  destruction 
of  packages  by  grocers,  retailers,  and 
other  handlers.  Care  should  be  exer¬ 
cised  to  keep  them  clean  and  in  order. 
Growers  are  wise  to  make  accumula¬ 
tions  and  to  keep  them  in  orderly 
fashion  and  classified.  Keep  them  un¬ 
der  protection  from  weathering  if  pos¬ 
sible. 

Priority  provisions  have  been  made 
for  weaving  of  cotton  for  bags  to  take 
the  place  of  burlap  which  is  out  of  the 
picture.  Paper  twine  mesh  and  solid 
paper  hags  are  available  at  some  in¬ 
crease  over  previous  costs.  One  com¬ 
pany  has  developed  a  50  pound,  three- 


ply  potato  bag  which  won  an  award 
in  a  national  packaging  contest. 

Scarcity  of  nails  has  affected  the 
making  of  boxes  and  crates,  but  this 
seems  to  be  on  the  way  to  adjustment. 
We  have  little  information  on  the  sup¬ 
ply  of  wire  for  wire-bound  containers. 
Limitation  on  the  making  of  baskets 
does  not  seem  to  be  at  all  general  and 
prices  are  up  perhaps  20%. 

*  *  * 

Starter  Solutions 

Starter  solution  materials  such  as 
have  been  previously  recommended  by 
Prof.  C.  B.  Sayre  of  the  Geneva  Ex¬ 
periment  Station  are  not  available  at 
the  present  time.  One  of  the  favorite 
mixtures  was  two  parts  of  ammophos, 
11-48-0  and  one  part  of  potasium  ni¬ 
trate,  13-0-14.  Another  mixture  con¬ 
sisted  of  uramon  sodium  nitrate,  am¬ 
mophos,  and  potasium  chloride  (muri¬ 
ate.) 

Prof.  Sayre’s  suggestion  for  this  year 
is  that  commercial  fertilizers  4-16-4, 
5-10-5,  or  5-10-10  be  used.  Experi¬ 
ments  last  year  indicated  very  satis¬ 
factory  results  from  these  fertilizers. 
In  using  these  it  is  suggested  that  stock 
solutions  be  made  up  on  the  basis  of 
one  pound  of  fertilizer  per  gallon  of 
water  and  then  a  gallon  of  this  can  be 
used  for  each  pound  of  material  desir¬ 
ed  in  the  mixture.  It  should  be  strain¬ 
ed  before  pouring  into  the  transplant¬ 
ing  machine  as  these  commercial  fer¬ 
tilizers  are  not  completely  soluble. 

It  is  necessary  to  use  larger  quan¬ 
tities  of  the  mixed  standard  fertilizers, 
ten  pounds  for  50  gallons  of  water  in¬ 
stead  of  the  four  pounds  for  50  gallons 
of  the  more  concentrated  materials 
that  were  available  last  year.  Experi¬ 
ments  showed  this  ten  pound  rate  bet¬ 
ter  than  the  five  pound  rate  and  also 
showed  no  signs  pf  injury.  This  solu¬ 
tion  would  be  used  at  the  rate  of  about 
one-half  pint  per  plant  which  would 
mean  that  a  50  gallon  tank  would  be 
good  for  800  plants. 

*  *  * 

Commercial  Growers  Con¬ 
cerned  About  Victory 
Gardens 

Some  commercial  growers  are  a  bit 
concerned  about  home  garden  competi¬ 
tion.  Well,  the  official  drive  is  for  farm 
vegetable  gardens.  Yes,  there  will  be 
more  and  bigger  town  gardens  too,  hut 
city  writers  are  urging  caution  against 
waste  and  failure,  caution  against 
( Continued  on  Page  25) 


A  WAR  MESSAGE  FROM 

THE  TREASURY  DEPARTMENT 

★  ★  ★ 


When  you  hear  that  bombing 
planes  cost  $335,000,  tanks  $75,- 
000,  antiaircraft  guns  $50,000 — 

And  when  you  hear,  too,  that 
America  needs  60,000  planes, 
45,000  tanks,  and  20,000  anti¬ 
aircraft  guns  at  once — 

IT  DOESN’T  take  much  figur¬ 
ing  to  see  that  winning  this 
war  calls  for  every  dollar  all  of  us 
can  scrape  together.  With  our 
freedom  at  stake — with  our  farms, 
families,  even  our  very  lives  de¬ 
pending  upon  the  outcome,  we’d 
gladly  give  this  money. 

But  we  aren’t  asked  to  do  that. 
Our  Government  asks  us  only  to 
lend  the  money — to  put  our  in¬ 
creased  earnings  into  U.  S.  Savings 
Bonds — month  after  month — 
until  this  war  is  won.  In  doing 
so,  we  save  for  our  own  security 
as  well.  For  we  get  back  $4  for 
every  $3  we  invest  when  the 
Bonds  are  held  10  years.  And  if 
we  need  money,  we  can  get  it 
all  back  any  time  after  60  days 
from  issue  date. 


A  Better  and  Cheaper  Botenoiie  Dust 

fiq,  /Ipfi 


Glenn  W.  Newton,  Quechee,  Vt. 


LIKE  the  early  bird  that  gets 
the  worm,  you’ll  get  the  bar¬ 
gains  if  you  answer  the  adver¬ 
tisements  in  AMERICAN  AGRI¬ 
CULTURIST  promptly.  Don’t  lay 
the  paper  aside  until  you  have  read 
them  thoroughly.  Ads.  in  AMERI¬ 
CAN  AGRICULTURIST  are  guar¬ 
anteed.  To  get  the  protection  of 
this  guarantee  you  must  say  you 
saw  the  ad.  in 

AMERICAS 

AGRICULTURIST 


ABETTER  rotenone  dust  at  less  cost 
is  available  to  growers  this  year. 
It  is  available  providing  they  buy  the 
rotenone  dusts  from  the  proper  sources. 
Only  a.  few  distributors  and  manufac¬ 
turers  will  have  the  material  unless  the 
growers  make  requests  immediately 
through  their  retailers  and  they,  in 
turn,  through  the  manufacturer. 

This  new  dust  is  more  toxic  than  the 
rotenone  dust  heretofore  used;  it  con¬ 
trols  a  larger  number  of  insects;  it  is 
more  adhesive,  sticks  better  to  the 
plants;  and  is  less  influenced  by  dif¬ 
ferent  variations  in  temperature.  It 
is  not  often  we  can  apply  all  of  these 
qualities  of  improvement  or  superiority 
to  a  new  dust. 

Lethane,  the  trade  name  of  the  new 
insecticide  which  is  used  with  derris 
root,  is  a  chemical  which  has  been  in 
the  process  of  development  for  a  good 
many  years.  It  has  been  used  in  fly 
sprays,  but  was  never  considered  satis¬ 


factory  for  plants  until  the  original 
form  of  lethane  was  modified. 

We  found  the  results  so  satisfactory 
in  our  first  tests  of  this  material  at 
Seabrook  Farms  early  in  1941  that  we 
used  it  exclusively  throughout  the  sea¬ 
son  with  better  insecticide  control  and 
at  a  saving  of  almost  half  the  amount 
of  derris  we  used  in  former  years.  The 
cost  of  the  added  Lethane  was  con¬ 
siderably  less  than  the  cost  of  the 
derris  had  we  used  the  three-quarters 
of  1%  instead  of  four-tenths  of  1%. 
In  addition,  the  Lethane  took  the  place 
of  an  adhesive  and  spreading  agent 
which  we  formerly  furnished  in  the 
form  of  vatsol.  In  this  manner,  the 
Lethane  furnished  us  an  insecticide,  an 
adhesive  or  spreading  and  sticking 
agent  and  a  synergist — all  three  in  one. 
This  is  a  very  unusual  combination  and 
particularly  important  at  this  time 
when  supplies  of  derris  root  are  less 
( Continued  on  opposite  page) 


This  is  the  American  way — the 
volunteer  way — to  raise  the  bil¬ 
lions  needed  for  Victory.  And 
the  money  can  .  .  .  will  .  .  . 
must  be  raised. 

So  let’s  show  them  that  the 
farmers  of  America  are  helping 
to  win  this  war  in  two  vitally 
important  ways — by  producing 
more  Food  for  Freedom  and  by 
saving  more  in  U.  S.  War  Bonds. 


This  space  is  a  contribution  to 
America’s  All-Out  War  Effort  by 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 


LARGE  STOCK  cheap.US°Or(ler  Ct°nean:st  branch, 

Catalog  free.  ... 

IRVING’S  TRACTOR  LUG  CO..  Galesburg,  » ■ 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  *aW 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


American  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


13  (315) 


( Continued  from  opposite  page) 
than  the  normal  requirements.  In 
1943  the  supplies  will  be  still  shorter. 

It  will  be  absolutely  necessary  that  we 
find  some  substitute  for  derris  or  re¬ 
duce  drastically  the  contents  of  the 
dust  made  from  derris  if  there  is  to  be 
sufficient  for  the  crop  needs. 

We  made  no  attempt  to  use  Lethane 
for  aphid  control  on  peas.  We  do  have 
a  system  of  pea  aphid  control  which  is 
less  expensive  and  more  reliable  than 
dust  of  any  kind.  However,  we  did 
use  it  for  the  control  of  bean  aphids 
in  some  of  the  growers’  fields  with  ex¬ 
cellent  success.  The  manufacturers  of 
this  particular  type  of  Lethane,  in  their 
research,  also  report  very  satisfactory 
pea  aphid  control.  Dr.  Harry  G.  Walk¬ 
er,  Entomologist,  Virginia  Truck  Ex¬ 
periment  Station,  tested  derris-Lethane 
dust  for  two  years  for  pea  aphid  con¬ 
trol  and  found  it  very  effective. 

Distributors,  however,  should  not  sell 
a  dust  of  this  type  as  a  general  in¬ 
secticide  which  will  control  all  kinds 
of  insects.  Like  rotenone  and  pyre- 
thrum,  a  dust  of  this  type  is  more  ef¬ 
fective  on  some  insects  than  others. 
Distributors  should  know  what  insects 
sfroould  be  included  and  how  much  dust 
should  be  used.  The  manufacturer  of 
this  material  does  not  manufacture  or 
distribute  dust,  but  only  chemicals. 
The  manufacturer  or  mixer  of  the  dust 
can  obtain  the  chemicals. 

— a.  a. — 

GRASS  SILAGE 

Without  Preservatives 

BECAUSE  molasses  is  high  and 
phosphoric  acid  unavailable,  much 
attention  is  being  given  to  making 
grass  silage  without  these  preserva¬ 
tives.  T.  E.  Woodward  of  the  Bureau 
of  Dairy  Industry  of  the  U.  S.  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  makes  these  sug¬ 
gestions  and  comments. 

Grass  silage  can  be  made  without 
preservatives  from  sorghum,  Sudan 
grass,  millet,  small  grains,  and  true 
grasses  such  as  timothy  and  orchard 
grass  if  they  are  harvested  at  the  blos¬ 
soming  stage  or  later. 

If  the  moisture  content  of  legumes 
is  down  to  68%  or  less,  there  will  be 
little  decay,  the  odor  will  be  good,  and 
the  palatability  will  be  high.  (Editor’s 
Note:  A  suggested  method  for  de¬ 
termining  moisture  content  was  given 
on  page  9  of  the  April  25  issue  of 
American  Agriculturist.) 

Hay,  when  cut  at  the  ordinary  stage, 
contains  about  75%  of  moisture.  On  a 
good  drying  day,  leaving  it  two  hours 
in  the  swath  will  reduce  the  moisture 
to  68%.  If  the  crop  gets  drier  than 
that,  it  can  still  be  put  in  the  silo;  but 
the  drier  it  is,  the  finer  it  should  be 
chopped  and  the  tighter  it  should  be 
packed. 

Suggested  materials  to  add  to  grass 
silage  include  chopped  hay,  ground 
com  and  cob  meal,  ground  com  or  oth¬ 
er  ground  grains,  and  salt.  These  ma¬ 
terials  apparently  help  in  two  ways — 
by  decreasing  the  percentage  of  mois¬ 
ture  in  the  silage  or  by  adding  carbo¬ 
hydrates  which  can  be  converted  into 
acid. 

If  dry  hay  is  added,  suggested  rate 
is  from  100  to  300  pounds  per  ton  of 
green  material.  Straw  is  not  recom¬ 
mended.  Ground  grains  are  added  at 
the  rate  of  from  100  to  250  pounds  per 
ton  of  green  material.  It  is  suspected 
that  the  advantage  here  is  more  in  the 
way  of  soaking  up  excess  moisture 
than  it  is  in  the  development  of  acid. 
The  addition  of  15  to  20  pounds  of 
salt  per  ton  where  the  moisture  is 
over  68%  improves  the  odor  and  pala¬ 
tability  of  the  silage.  It  does  not  seem 
to  improve  the  quality  of  silage  made 
from  low  moisture  legumes.  It  can  be 
added  by  sprinkling  over  the  crop  as 
it  is  run  through  the  cutter. 

Be  sure  to  read  Jared  van  Wagenen’s 
story  on  page  1  of  this  issue. 


i) 


eep  their 
Guns  Loaded 


A  $1000  BOND 


and  All-Expense  Trip  for  the 
Best  100  Word  Letter  on:  "Why 
Farmers  should  Buy  War  Bonds!" 

125 

PRIZES 


1st  PRIZE — $1000  U.  S.  War  Bond  plus  an 
all -expense  trip  for  the  winner  and  one 
other  member  of  the  family.  Tour  the  big 
Allis-Chalmers  factory  where  weapons  of 
victory  are  built;  visit  Great  Lakes  Naval 
Training  Station  and,  conditions  permitting, 
cruise  as  guest  of  honor  on  a  U.  S.  Warship. 

2nd  —  #1,000  War  Bond;  3rd  —  $500,  4th 
— $400, 5th — #375,  6th-$300,  7th-$250, 
8th — $200,  9th — $150,  10th— $100— all  in 
War  Stamps.  11th,  12th,  13th  —  #100  each; 
14th,  15th,  16th,  17th,  18th— £50  each;  19th, 
20th,  21st,  22nd,  23rd,  24th,  25th— #25  each 
— all  in  War  Bonds  (maturity  values).  100  ad¬ 
ditional  prizes  of  $10  each  in  War  Stamps. 

HOW  TO  ENTER — Anyone  living  on  a  farm  is 
eligible  —  except  Allis-Chalmers  employees  and 
dealers  and  their  families.  List  the  serial  number 
of  a  War  Bond  registered  in  your  name.  One 
entry  permitted  for  each  $25  bond  denomination. 
Obtain  entry  blank  with  complete  rules  and  help¬ 
ful  information  from  any  Allis-Chalmers  dealer  or 
branch,  or  write  the  address  below.  Entry  blank 
not  required  to  win.  Contest  closes  September  1 5. 


YOUR  IDEAS  ARE  NEEDED  —  Submit  entries 
to  Allis-Chalmers,  Dept.  34,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 


“Too  little,  too  late”  is  not  the  American 
way!  But  ...  it  takes  money — big  money 
—  to  fight  a  modern  war  and  Uncle  Sam 
offers  us  all  the  privilege  of  helping  out  by 
lending  him  our  dollars. 

Allis-Chalmers  believes  that  America  and 
our  way  of  life  is  the  best  investment  in  the 
world.  When  you  buy  War  Savings  Bonds 
.  >  .  Uncle  Sam  gives  you  a  demand  note, 
with  all  our  land  and  resources  as  your  col¬ 
lateral.  Because  there  is  no  other  investment 
as  safe  .  .  .  nor  as  important  to  our  country 
...we  are  proud  to  cooperate  with  the  Unit¬ 
ed  States  Treasury  Department  by  sponsor¬ 
ing  this  message  to  American  farm  families. 

Buy  War  Savings  Bonds  every  time  you 
sell  —  make  every  market  day  a  bond  day ! 
Help  sell  more  bonds  by  sending  your  ideas 
to  our  “Win-Tlie- War  Bond  Contest.” 
This  is  your  chance  to  speed  the  day  of 
Victory.  Do  it  NOW! 


THE  FARRELL  HOIST 


FOR  UNLOADING  HAY  WITH  GAS 
ENGINE  HAS  QUICK  RETURN 
DRUM  AND  BAND  BRAKE.  BOTH 
DRUMS  OPERATED  FROM  LOAD 
BY  ONE  ROPE.  SEND  FOR  CIRCU¬ 
LARS. 

JOHN  FARRELL  &  SON 

NEWTON.  SUSSEX  CO..  N.J. 


HOTEL  GREAT  NORTHERN 


entrally  located  in  midtown 
ew  York.  Near  Radio  City, 
leatres,  fine  shops.  Large  com- 
irtable  and  attractive 
OOM  AND  BATH  from... 

AA  Hotel.  Garage  ad- 
ins  our  111  West  56th 
entrance.  Folder 
a  WEST  57th  ST..  NEW  YORK 


*225 

per  day. 


WRITE  FOR  FREE  FOLDER  ★  GRANGE  SILO  CO.  DEPT.F-52,  RED  CREEK,  N.  Y. 


DEFEND  YOUR  CROPS  ★  DEFEAT  WASTE 

★  It’s  your  duty  to  preserve  carefully  all  your 
"crops-for-victory.  "Grange's  enduring  con¬ 
struction  gives  you  perfect  protection,  for  either 
corn  or  grass  silage.  Ask  your  Grange  repre¬ 
sentative  to  show  you  how  thousands  of  Dairy¬ 
men  are  doing  their  bit,  saving  time,  money  and 
crops  with  a  Grange  Silo.  Install  a  Grange  and 
increase  your  farm  profits.  Order  now  to  assure 


SILOS 


D.  S.  Peterson,  R.  I,  Chatham,  N.  Y. 


TIME  WELL  SPENT 

Time  taken  to  read  the  ad¬ 
vertisements  in  AMERICAN 
AGRICULTURIST  is  time 
well  spent — for  there  is  no 
better  way  to  keep  well  in¬ 
formed  on  new  things  on  the 
market,  what  to  buy  at  what 
price  and  where  to  go  to  get 
what  you  want.  When  you 
answer  an  “ad,”  be  sure  to 
mention  the  name  of 

Ahemcm 

Agriculturist 


(316)  14 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


MOW  WJJ* 

IfAAL  TR^CKS? 

f  V identify4 them 

;end  m  vour  ^;  |  | 

Whether  ne  u 

J* 

and  se‘  c  o  m-  . 

7  ?’P  3  Handbook  •  i 

pleteSmaU  B.°re 

Rifle  Shooting* 


monkey  o(  nim- 

_ Fnrs  can  sure  cover :  t  « 


cure  cover  the 
/^vLD  Long  Ear^Ca)^iaht  as  well  be 
O  ground  ' but  he  attempt  a 

dozing  in  rhe  ^^a-k-i-n-g 
eet-away  fr°m  ,  There’s  no 

bullet  of  a  this  1400* 

monkey  b“«“s ‘  slug!  When  « 

u  •^'there’sone  less  pest  on  the  prairie. 

t  speed  and  power  say 

When  you  wf  'oP  dealer-and 

“SUPE*;ie  accuracy  is  Pa'a”° 


wn  n  Y»  to  yoUr  deaicl  -  t 

“SUPER**  rcuracy  is  paramount 

Is^t^e-nXPBKt,, 


Wcy“to°  toot  pound*  o£ 
energy- 


l0HG  *»"Gt  ■n  ' 


IP'  E^ssffww*28^ 

l  17  leaflet,  and  the  v  _ 

l  nition  Handbook- 

1  N<zm«- 


State_ 


WKNE 

The  Real 


New  England 


Farm  Station 


ON  YOUR  DIAL 


Hillside  Farm  is  Drifting  Toward  Grass 

( Continued  from  Page  1) 

■ 


weight,  alfalfa,  at  its  best,  will  com¬ 
pare  very  favorably  with  the  biggest 
corn.  So  far  as  mineral  content,  pro¬ 
tein  and  those  rather  shadowy  and  lit¬ 
tle  understood  substances,  the  vitamins, 
are  concerned,  the  advantage  is  all  on 
the  side  of  the  alfalfa.  Of  course  some¬ 
body,  somewhere  in  the  world,  will 
have  to  raise  the  concentrates  for  the 
dairymen  but  as  for  this  farm,  I  think 
we  have  done  more  of  this  in  the  past 
than  is  likely  in  the  future. 

We  have  about  decided  that  if  we 
should  take  the  extra  tillage  and  seed¬ 
ing  costs  involved  in  growing  a  grain 
crop  and  invest  this  in  superphosphate 
and  apply  it  to  the  meadows,  and  keep 
this  up  consistently  through  the  years, 
we  should  presently  be  growing  such 
grass  as  we  never  grew  before.  I  have 
long  felt  that  grass,  including  of  course 
the  legumes,  was  our  one  neglected 
crop.  I  do  not  know  of  any  system  of 
management  by  which  we  could  hope 
greatly  to  increase  our  present  crops 
of  corn  and  oats  and  wheat,  but  we 
have  not  yet  begun  to  explore  the  pos¬ 
sibilities  of  meadows  and  pasture  if 
only  we  will  handle  them  according  to 
the  principles  which  we  are  just  be¬ 
ginning  to  understand. 

The  second  reason  why  we  seem  in  a 
fair  way  to  become  primarily  grass 
farmers  is  that  under  our  present  man¬ 
agement,  meadows  no  longer  seem  to 
require  frequent  breaking  up.  Not 
many  years  ago,  when  we  went  out  to 
look  over  the  farm  and  decide  what 
sod  needed  plowing,  there  was  always 
so  much  that  seemed  “run  out”  that 
all  we  could  do  was  to  decide  what 
fields  were  in  the  worst  need  of  reseed¬ 
ing  and  then  use  this  for  com.  Al¬ 
ways  there  was  more  than  enough. 
This  year,  when  my  son  and  I  went  to 
examine  our  meadows,  we  could  find 
only  six  acres  that  by  any  reasonable 
standard  seemed  to  need  reseeding. 

I  feel  certain  I  am  right  when  I  de¬ 
clare  that  in  dairy  farming  there  is 
almost  never  a  justification  for  putting 
the  plow  into  a  dense,  first  class  sod. 
This  change  in  farm  conditions  and 
farm  policies  has  resulted  in  one  hap¬ 
pening  that  has  never  before  occurred 
in  all  our  farm  history.  Wonderfiil  to 
tell,  this  year  we  are  buying  no  grass 
seed,  when  in  the  past  our  spring  pur¬ 
chase  of  seed  has  ranged  from  one 
hundred  to  two  hundred  dollars.  Take 
the  money  thus  saved  and  add  to  it 
the  gasoline  and  rubber  tires  used  in 
plowing  and  tillage,  and  it  will  buy  a 
lot  of  superphosphate. 

So  it  is  that  this  year  we  have  about 
one  hundred  acres  of  meadow,  all  of 
which  at  present  writing  promises  an 
excellent  crop.  To  get  this  acreage 
and  tonnage  into  the  barn  may  be 
conservatively  described  as  a  whale  of 


a  job,  and  we  have  less  help  available 
than  ever  before  in  our  experience.  We 
plan  to  put  a  considerable  part  of  it 
into  the  silo  but  there  is  this  “fly  in 
the  ointment.”  Molasses  is  quoted  at 
$43.00  per  ton  or  more  than  twice  the 
old-time  price.  To  us  this  seems  prac¬ 
tically  prohibitive,  although  last  year 
we  used  molasses  with  splendid  suc¬ 
cess.  Phosphoric  acid  is  said  to  be  un¬ 
obtainable.  The  only  thing  in  sight 
just  now  is  to  put  the  stuff  in  without 
a  preservative,  and  trust  the  resulting 
product  will  not  be  as  bad  as  we  have 
been  led  to  believe.  The  other  alterna¬ 
tive  is  to  add  a  liberal  amount  of  com 
meal  or  ground  wheat,  but  so  far  my 
inquiries  have  failed  to  bring  any  very 
decided  expression  of  opinion  from 
those  who  ought  to  know — that  is,  if 
any  one  really  does  know. 

There  is  one  other  possibility.  Re¬ 
cently  we  have  heard  of  a  mysterious 
acid  germ  culture.  I  cannot  remember 
that  I  have  met  with  the  idea  in  any 
journal  or  bulletin,  but  a  feed  sales¬ 
man  told  my  son  about  this  method. 
It  sounds  too  good  to  be  true.  All  you 
do  is  put  the  culture  in  water  in  a 
sprinkling  pot  and  sprinkle  the  freshly 
cut  grass  at  intervals  as  it  goes  in. 
In  addition,  you  sow  salt  over  the 
silage  at  the  rate  of  nine  pounds  per 
ton  of  grass.  We  had  faith  enough  to 
write  to  two  men  who  are  said  to  have 
used  the  method  last  year.  Only  one 
has  replied  and  he  is  almost  enthusi¬ 
astic  concerning  it.  I  can  only  wonder 
if  he  was  putting  in  true  grass  rather 
than  legumes  and  so  got  pretty  fair  re¬ 
sults  without  any  preservative.  Mean¬ 
while,  I  mean  to  keep  an  open  mind. 

I  shall  have  more  to  say  regarding 
this  meadow  silage. 

— a.  a. — 

HIDDEN  NAMES  AGAIN 

Some  months  ago,  American  Agri - 
culturist  had  a  “Hidden  Names  Con¬ 
test.”  In  each  issue  in  the  advertising 
columns  were  names  and  addresses  of 
several  subscribers.  These  names  and 
addresses  stood  alone  without  any  ref¬ 
erence  to  any  advertising  copy. 

Each  subscriber  who  found  his  name 
in  this  position  and  who  wrote  us  im¬ 
mediately,  saying,  “I  found  my  name 
in  American  Agriculturist,”  and  giving 
page  number  and  date  of  issue,  receiv¬ 
ed  a  check  for  $1.00  from  American 
Agriculturist. 

In  this  issue  we  are  reviving  the 
“Hidden  Names  Contest,”  and  will  con¬ 
tinue  it  until  further  notice.  Watch  the 
advertising  columns  for  your  name  and 
address,  and  write  us  promptly  if  you 
find  time,  addressing  American  Agri¬ 
culturist,  P.  O.  Box  367-HN,  Ithaca, 
New  York. 


Ai  terican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


15  *(317) 


Mrs.  Charles  Dana  Gibson,  chairman  of  the  Child  Placing-  and  Adoption  Committee 
of  the  State  Charities  Aid  Association,  with  four  children.  The  two  little  girls  have 
already  been  placed  in  good  adoption  homes.  The  two  little  boys  are  eagerly  wait¬ 
ing  for  a  father  and  mother  and  both  of_them  would  like  to  be  on  farms.  They  are 
healthy,  well-mannered  boys.  Address  of  the  Adoption  Committee  is  105  Cast  «-nd 

Street,  New  York  City. 

Do  Yon  Need 
A  Son  or  Daughter? 


The  car  on  the  farm  is  a  highly  important  unit  in  our  national  pro¬ 
duction. 

And  automobile  insurance  to  protect  against  the  risk  of  accidents 
causing  the  loss  of  driving  and  ownership  privileges  is  highly  im¬ 
portant,  too. 

Don’t  risk  the  disaster  of  losing  your  right  to  own  and  your  right 
to  drive  a  car. 

To  KEEP  ’EM  ROLLING,  KEEP  ’EM  INSURED. 

In  your  own  neighborhood,  there  is  a  local  man  representing  Utica 
Mutual  Insurance  Company,  who  can  furnish  you  with  sound  automobile 
insurance  protection  with  prompt  and  efficient  service  at  lower  net 
cost.  Send  us  the  coupon  and  we  will  send  you  his  name. 

And  don’t  forget  that  the  current  dividend  saving  on  Utica  Mutual 
Insurance  is  20%. 


ORGANIZED  1914  —  HOME  OFFICE  ■'  UTICA,  N.Y.  Cy~ 

MAIL  THIS  COUPON  TODAY  ! 


Utica  Mutual  Insurance  Co.,  Utica,  N.  Y.  AA-2 

Please  send  me  booklet  and  information  about  new  law  and  Utica  Mutual 
coverage. 


Make . .-. . 1 - - -  Year- 


Model.. 


A  LITTLE  BROTHER  and  sister 
are  happy  together  in  their  new 
home  because  of  an  article 
which  appeared  in  American 
Agriculturist  in  1941.  “We  Want 
Farm  Homes”  was  the  title  of  the 
article  and  it  told  of  children  who  were 
waiting  for  adoption,  children  who 
wanted  to  live  on  farms  and  who  were 
longing  for  mothers  and  fathers. 

Among  those  children  was  this  little 
brother  and  sister,  and  it  was  hoped 
by  both  American  Agriculturist  and  the 
adoption  agency  (the  New  York  State 
Child  Placing  and  Adoption  Commit¬ 
tee)  that  it  would  not  be  necessary  to 
separate  the  two  children.  It  wasn’t 
long  after  the  article  appeared  before 
the  agency  received  a  letter  from  a 
family  who  live  on  a  dairy  and  vege¬ 
table  farm  in  New  York  State.  They 
had  often  thought  of  adopting  a  child, 
and  when  they  read  the  article  in 
American  Agriculturist,  they  decided 
to  write  to  the  agency.  They  did 
write,  and  were  visited  by  one  of  the 
children’s  workers  who  discussed  adop¬ 
tion  plans  with  them  and  talked  with 
their  references.  She  reported  that 
they  were  warm-hearted  people  who 
would  make  kind  and  sensible  parents. 

Later,  these  people  were  sent  a  pic¬ 
ture  of  the  little  brother  and  sister  and 
some  facts  about  them.  They  were 
told  that  if  they  were  interested,  they 
would  probably  wish  to  see  the  chil¬ 
dren  and  come  to  New  York  City  for 
this  purpose.  They  came  to  New  York 
two  weeks  later  and  spent  most  of  a 
day  with  the  children,  becoming  ac¬ 
quainted  with  them.  In  the  afternoon, 
the  little  boy  came  running  back  to  the 
children’s  worker  and  said,  "Can  I  go 
to  live  with  them?”  His  eyes  sparkled 
and  it  was  easy  to  see  he  was  eager  to 
be  their  son.  His  little  sister,  who  is 
younger,  smiled  at  both  of  the  new 
parents  and  would  not  leave  them,  but 
kept  hold  of  her  new  mother’s  hand. 

A  happy  new  life  has  begun,  also, 
for  other  homeless  children  who  have 
found  parents  through  the  article  pub¬ 
lished  in  American  Agriculturist.  Be¬ 
cause  the  response  to  that  article  was 
so  productive,  the  adoption  agency  has 
asked  us  to  help  them  find  more  such 
good  homes  for  other  children  who  are 
Waiting  for  adoption,  and  whd  need 


fathers  and  mothers.  These  children 
are  of  various  ages,  little  girls  of  eight 
and  nine,  boys  of  the  same  age  and 
younger,  and  a  few  very  young  chil¬ 
dren. 

Among  those  who  should  have  farm 
homes  is  a  fine  little  lad  of  seven  years, 
with  beautiful  brown  eyes  and  a  sturdy 
body.  He  would  like  to  be  friends  with 
people,  but  does  not  know  how  and  he 
needs  parents  who  will  give  him  time 
to  get  accustomed  to  them  and  to  their 
way  of  life.  He  would  make  a  fine 
son  for  some  farm  family.  Another 
boy  of  nine  years  is  quite  different  in 
temperament.  He  is  out-going  and 
happy-go-lucky  and  careless  of  his 
clothes.  He  is  very  active  and  needs 
kindly  but  firm  direction  to  turn  his 
energy  into  the  right  channels.  He  al¬ 
so  needs  affection  and  motherly 
warmth. 

Another  of  these  children  who  should 
have  a  farm  home  is  an  eight-year-old 
girl,  Mary,  a  pretty,  healthy  child  who 
is  interested  in  things  that  go  on 
around  her  and  who  wants  to  live  on 
a  farm.  'She  has  brown  eyes  and  brown 
hair. 

Another  little  girl  of  about  the  same 
age  as  Mary  is  not  so  healthy  looking, 
being  rather  pale,  but  there  is  nothing 
wrong  with  her  and  good  fresh  milk 
and  fresh  air  would  work  wonders  for 
her.  She  would  make  a  nice  com¬ 
panionable  child  and  would  be  particu¬ 
larly  suitable  for  a  wholesome  farm 
home. 

There  are,  indeed,  many  youngsters 
in  this  group  of  children  six  to  eight 
years  who  would  make  families  happy. 
And  in  addition  there  are  some  very 
young  children. 

Since  such  good  farm  homes  were 
found  through  American  Agriculturist 
for  some  of  the  motherless  children  in 
charge  of  the  adoption  agency,  it  is 
hoped  by  the  agency  that  all  families 
who  received  applications  will  fill  them 
in  and  send  them  in  as  soon  as  pos¬ 
sible;  and  also  that  others  who  wish 
children  will  write  to  the  agency.  The 
name  and  address  are :  The  Child 
Placing  and  Adoption  Committee  of  the 
State  Charities  Aid  Association,  105 
East  Twenty-Second  Street,  New  York 
City. 


Name 

Street.. 


City.. 


State.. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw  it  in 
AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


WHAM’S  Farm  Front  NEWS 

VARIED  AND  ACCURATE 

Twice  daily,  Tom  Murray,  your  Farm  Front  reporter,  brings 
you  true,  authentic  news  and  market  reports.  The  reception 
of  this  last  minute,  vital  news  is  possible  through  the  “clear 
channel”  of  Station  WHAM.  Tom’s  facts  and  figures  are 
also  clear.  His  information  is  gathered  just  before  each  broad¬ 
cast,  up  to  the  minute,  not  hours  old,  from  the  most  reliable 
sources  in  the  farm  industry.  Look  at  this  list: 


Potato  Market  Report 


State  Department  of 
Agriculture  and  Markets 


Dry  Bean  Market  Report 


Rochester  Public  Market 


(  State  Department  of 
/  Agriculture  and  Markets 

’  The  Rochester  Office  of 
the  State  Department  of 
^  Agriculture  and  Markets 

Western  &  Central  N.  Y.  (Federal-State  Market 

Shipping  Point  Information  ( News  Service 

New  York  State*  Wheat  Market  — G.  L.  F. 

N.  Y..  Brooklyn  &  Upstate 
Egg  Market  Report 

Producers  Livestock  Co¬ 
operative  Comm.  Ass’n. 


G.  L.  F. 


Livestock  Market  Report 


The  Farm  News  comes  from  the  Farm  Bureau  Offices  in 
Western  New  York  Counties,  the  College  of  Agriculture  in 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  The  U.S.D.A.,  The  State  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture  and  Markets,  and  The  State  Experiment  Station  at 
Geneva,  N.  Y. 

For  complete  and  authentic  farm  news  and  prices  tune 
Farm  Bulletin  6:30  A.  M.  —  Farm  Front  News  12:15  P.  M. 
ROCHESTER’S  CLEAR  CHANNEL  STATION 

WHAM 


(318)  IQ 


Ai  .erican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


NosMie&it  ManJzeti  ia*.  /lantkeait  iJnaduceM. 


"American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page” 


HOLSTEIN 


TRY  “WAIT  FARMS”  FIRST 

for  your  next  Herd  Sire.  We  specialize  on  Type  and 
Production.  2  Gold  Medal  Herd  Sires,  2  Silver  Medal. 
Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  £»b»s. 

FOR  SALE:  At  Farmer’s  Prices, 

sons  of  excellent  type  from  our  4%  “Invincible”  daugh¬ 
ters  sired  by  Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

Orchard  Hill  Stock  Farm,  Fo'rt  piain!0NkV. 
Holstein  Bull  Calves,  for  sale  or  lease. 

sons  of  Commodore  Constance,  Dam  K.O.I.  Pauline 
made  Ity.i  lbs.  fat,  28079  lbs.  milk;  was  N.  Y.  State 
Champion.  Out  of  high  producing,  excellent  type  dams 
backed  by  4%  test  dams.  At  farmers’  prices.  PAUL 
STERUSKY,  Sunnyhill  Dairy  Farm,  Little  Falls.  N.  Y. 

For  Sale:  REGISTERED  HOLSTEINS 

Will  sell  30  head.  Your  cjioice  of  115.  Herd  average 
3.75%  fat  last  eighteen  months.  Many  splendid  fami¬ 
lies  that  combine  show  quality  with  high  production. 
Some  high  quality  young  bulls,  excellent  show  prospects. 
PAUL  SMITH,  NEWARK  VALLEY,  NEW  YORK. 


SWINE 


Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 


POULTRY 


POULTRY 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers |  l1*”*, **** 

James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  TrumanBs°burgA' n.  y. 


w. 


PIGS 


BULLS 


ALL  AGES,  BY  EXTRA 
WELL  BRED  SIRES,  FROM 
COWS  WITH  GOOD  C.T.A. 
RECORDS. 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 


Defend  your  family  meat  supply.  Invest  $20  or  $30  for 
4  or  5  pigs  now  to  provide  about  1000  lbs.  dressed 
pork  next  winter,  which  would  cost  about  $300.  at 
retail  meat  shops.  Feed  some  grain,  pasture,  skim, 
garbage,  cull  fruit  and  vegetables,  incubator  eggs.  etc. 
Pigs  six  weeks  $6.00;  8  weeks  $6.50;  10  weeks  $7.50: 
12  weeks  $8.50.  Crated,  castrated,  serum  vaccinated 
grain  fed  pigs.  Money  back  guaranteed  to  satisfy  on 
arrival.  Poland  Chinas,  Berkshires  or  Crosses.  Mail 
order  to — 

C.  STANLEY  SHORT,  CHESWOLD.  DELAWARE. 


Registered  POLAND  CHINAS 

BOARS,  READY.  $30.00  TO  $35.00. 

6  WEEKS  PIGS.  LARGE  STOCK. 

C.  W.  HILLMAN,  Vincentown,  N.  J. 


HORSES 


GUERNSEY 


TARBELL  FARMS  GUERNSEYS 

Federal  Accredited —  360  HEAD  —  Negative 
YOUNG  BULLS  FOR  SALE.  CLOSELY  RELATED  TO 
Tarbell  Farms  Peerless  Margo  613193,  18501.4  lbs.  Milk, 
1013.3  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  3  Yr.  Old. 
Tarbell  Farms  Royal  Lenda  467961,  20508.9  lbs.  Milk, 
1109.0  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  4  Yr.  Old. 

TARBELL  FARMS 

Smithville  Flats,  New  York 


SELECT  GUERNSEY  BULL  — 

Age  6  months.  Dam  and  Sire’s  dam  have  five  records 
averaging  13,268  M„  588.6  F.  Sired  by  McDonald 
Farms  Dauntless,  a  full  brother  to  McDonald  Farms 
Artist,  14,550  M.,  746.7  F.  Cl.  C  and  show  winner  at 
National  1938-39.  Dauntless  is  sired  by  Foremost  Pre¬ 
diction,  son  of  Valors  Faithful,  20,011  M.,  976.5  F. 
Cl.  A  and  Foremost  Bell  Buoy.  Write  for  pedigree 
and  prices. 

WYCHMERE  FARM 

Clifford  W.  Smith,  Mgr.,  Ontario,  N.  Y. 


For  Sale:  Registered  Guernsey  Bulls. 

READY  FOR  SERVICE,  FROM  600  LB.  DAMS. 
FEW  HEIFERS  UNDER  ONE  YEAR. 

Price  reasonable  (a  good  time  to  buy). 

Lake  Delaware  Farms,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 


Excellent  Guernsey  Bulls 

TWO  MONTHS  TO  SERVICEABLE  AGE. 
Heredity  of  Langwater  Valor  and  Saugerties  Royal 
Sequel  of  Production  and  Type.  For  sale  or  lease 
with  reliable  Farm  Bureau  reference. 

RATH  BROS., 

Stone  Rd„  PITTSFORD,  N.  Y. 


HEREFORDS 

HEREFORD  —  ANGUS 

EVERYTHING  IN  REGISTERED  AND 
COMMERCIAL  BREEDING  STOCK. 

West  Acres  Farms,  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y. 


HAIRY  CATTLE 
COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEINS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 

Choice  Dairy  Cows 

50  Early  Fall  big  breedy  Heifers,  Holsteins  &.  Guernseys- 
50  Early  Fall  cows,  Fancy  Grade  and  Reg.  Holsteins  &. 
Guernseys;  50  Fresh  cows  and  close  springers. 

O  J  WARD  &  SON  CANDOR,  N.  Y. 

O.  VV  2-YrVLy  OC  JUIf,  phone  3H  or  3Y 


SHEEP 


REGISTERED — Bred  Dorset  Ewes 

AND  BRED  DORSET-D  ELA I N  E  EWES 
due  to  lamb  in  March  and  April;  also  number  of 
Dorset-Delaine  Yearlings,  well  grown. 

Sionv  Ford  Farms  stony  ford.  n.  y„ 
L>iuuy  rora  rarms,  P  0  Mitldletown,  N  Y. 


rn&wnre1  rtf m  iS  t0r- the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications- 


Cornell  University  offers  annual  surplus 

OF  HORSES  FOR  SALE.  BELG 1 A  NS—  PERCH  E  RO  NS. 
Mares  and  stallions  of  all  ages.  Several  work  teams. 

Prices  low  for  immediate  sale. 

Contact,  R.  M.  WATT,  DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL 
HUSBANDRY,  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 

DOGS 

PUPPIES— FREE  DETAILS 

ST.  BERNARDS  — ALL  B  REEDS— D  ETA  1 LS  FREE! 
Book  108  colored  pictures,  descriptions  recognized 

hrpprlc 

ROYAL  KENNELS,  R.  3,  Chazy,  N.  Y. 

SLED  DOGS 

PUPS  $12.50  TO  $25.00  EACH. 

Send  $1.00  for  20  Post  Card  Views  of  our  Eskimo 
Dogs,  Pups,  and  Teams. 

Clarks  Sled  Dog  Farm,  X“  ■J!SSSt‘ 

SHEPHERDS  —  COLLIES 

TRAINED  CATTLE  DOGS  AND  PUPS 

HEEL  DRIVERS—  BEAUTIES. 

WILMOT,  East  Thetford,  Vt. 

A.K.C.  Puppies,  Cocker  Spaniels  and 
St.  Bernards  —  Persian  Kittens 
MRS.  EDNA  GLADSTONE,  Andes,  N.Y. 

FOR  SALE;  English  Shepherd  Pups, 

REAL  COW  AND  WATCH  DOGS. 

MALE  $8.00—  FEMALE  $5.00 

Alton  Pierson,  R.F.D.  1,  Perry,  N.  Y. 

SEED  POTATOES 

Certified  Katahdin  SEED  POTATOES, 

high  yielding  strain, 
practically  disease  free. 

Appleton  Bros.,  Canandaigua,  N.  Y. 

SEERS 

CORNELL  HYBRID  29-3 

West  Branch  Sweepstakes  and  Cornell  II  field  corn 
Whipple’s  Yellow  Sweet  Corn,  Cayuga  and  Seneca  ’ 
Soybeans,  Cornellian  Oats,  Grass  Seeds 

JERRY  A.  SMITH  &  SONS,  LUDLOWVILLE,  N  Y 
Tompkins  County.  Phone  Poplar  Ridge  3610. 

HONEY 

IIAUPV  BUCKWHEAT:  5  lbs.,  $1.10: 
MIINk  V  10  ,bs"  $2-00-  CLOVER.  5  lbs., 

nunt  1  51-25;  10  lbs..  $2.15. 

Postage  prepaid  to  fourth  zone. 

W.  Botsford,  Horseheads,  N.  Y. 

THERE  are  more  than  190,000 
readers  of  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  doing  what  you  are  doing 
— reading  this  advertisement. 

If  you  have  something  of  interest 
to  offer  them,  why  not  send 
your  advertisement  now? 

LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS,  ROCK-RED 
CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  1 00%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

LEGHORNS— NEW  HAMPSHIRES 

BARRED  ROCKS  —  CROSSES 
“BRED  TO  LAY  —  LAY  TO  PAY” 

Write  for  descriptive  catalog  and  prices. 

GLEN  WOOD  FARMS,  ,T„Vca° 

BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  U.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
Fist  describing  our  Leghorns,  Reds,  and 
crossbreds. 

Eli  H.  Bodine,  Box  28,  Chemung,  N.  Y. 


McLoughlin  Leghorns 

Progeny-test  bred.  7-time  New  York 
R.O.P.  champions  with  average  produc¬ 
tion  records  of  257,  253,  256,  258.  266, 
261  and  262  eggs.  U.S.  Pullorum  Clean. 


McLoughlin  Leghorn  Farm,  Chatham  Center.N.Y. 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

D.r,VKS,TE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAMPSHIRES. 
BARRED  ROCKS,  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  All  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
Folder  and  Prices. 

Box  A. 

Middletown,  N.  Y. 


■  uiu vi  auu  r  I  I 

WILLIAM  S.  MAPES, 


The  McGRECOR  FARM 


S«  C.  White  Leghorns— 50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 

the  McGregor  farm,  box  a,  maine,  n.  y. 

NEW  YORK  U.  S.  APPROVED 

NEW  HAMPSHIRES  &  LEGHORNS 

DESCRIPTIVE  CIRCULAR. 

L _ 

NEW  YORK, 


.  u  tauiu- 1  ivt  GIKCULA.. 

The  Hiscock  Hatchery,  Skaneateies, 


CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK 
ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 


^nHr.,TEDCkE(tH0RNS’  NEW  HAMPSHIRES. 
ROCK-RED  CROSSBREDS,  WHITE  ROCKS 
.  CORNO  RED  CROSSBREDS. 

Commercial  and  foundation  stock,  pullets,  males.  All 
stock  bloodtested  with  no  reactors  found;  Pedigreed 
male  matings.  Write  for  circular  and  prices. 

SUSQUEHANNA  FARMS,  M.n°- 
ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS,  REDS,  ROCK-RED  CROSS 
WHITE  ROCKS  — “They  Satisfy.” 

Pullorum  free,  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 

„  Write  for  details. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER,  Box  C,  GALLUPVILLE,  N.  Y. 


0 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Officially  Pullorum  Passed.  N.  Y.  U.  S.  Approved 

BREEDING  COCKERELS 
Write  for  Folder 

E.  R.  Stone  and  Son  CLYDBE0X  n  y 


Walter  Rich’s 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

?-rUR,„?IRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 

Are  You  Looking  For 

PROFITABLE  Producers? 

HANSON  LEGHORNS  AND  PARMENTER  REDS 
heavy  producers  OF  LARGE  EGGS.  FOR 
EXTRA  PROFITS  GET  SPRINGBROOK  PULLETS 
CATALOG  ON  REQUEST. 

SPRINGBROOK  POULTRY  FARM 

WEBSTER  A.  J.  KUNEY  &  SON 

Box  “A”, _ SENECA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

DANISH  POULTRY  FARM 

Family  Tested  Leghorns  —  New  Hampshires. 
Storrs,  Conn.,  Test  1940-1941,  13  Full  sisters 
av.  270  eggs  per  bird.  Harrisburg,  Penna., 
test,  13  Full  sisters  av.  240  eggs  per  bird. 

A.  E.  DANISH, 

Troy,  New  York 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 

FARM  FOR  SALE  — 100  Acres, 

7S  SEVEft,  ROOM  HOUSE,  TWO  BARNS, 

75  acres  tillable  15  acres  pasture,  10  acres  woodlot 
3(4  miles  from  Owego. 

Clysta  Barton,  R.D.,  Apalachin,  N.  Y. 
DANDY  DAIRY  FARM:  Equipped 

140  Acres,  about  half  tillage,  valuable  timber-  nnnd  a 

',0°  min  3^40  tbarnh'  I50'”'  hoSse ""other  bldgs.® 

10  nun.  to  city  short  walk  to  pretty  lake;  requires  im 
mediate  action.  $3850.  terms;  1 1  cows?  3  heifers  6 
calves,  hens,  ducks,  crops,  tools  included-  pg  26  big 
Free  catalog  1384  bargains  many  States.  '  9 

STROUT  REALTY 

255-R  4th  Ave.,  New  York  City 


USER  FARM  EQUIPMENT 

For  Sale:  8  Case  in-bottle”  Pasteurizer 

COOLER,  CONTROLS  AND  ALL  EQUIPMENT 
COMPLETE,  INCLUDING  BOTTLES  READY  ’ 
_  _  „  TO  GO  TO  WORK. 

D,  G.  ROSSMAN,  Worcester,  N.  Y. 
For  Sale — 16  Can  Milk  Cooler 

41  "xl  I4"x35"  high  (outside),  with  '/2  H.P.  compressor 
and  control;  one  year  old,  good  condition.  Also  8  can 
milk  cooling  cabinet,  4l"xll4"x28"  high,  without  com¬ 
pressor.  Both  cabinets  4"  cork  lined 
JOHN  MUEHL,  SCHENEVUS,  N.  Y. 


PONY  WANTED 


9400 

LAYERS 


Rich  Poultry  Farms 

Leghorns  Reds 


WANTED:  PONY  AND  CART 

LARGE  ENOUGH  FOR  ADULTS  USE. 

Send  full  particulars. 

T  E.  Kruglak,  R.R.  2,  Norwalk,  Conn. 


HELP  WANTED 

MAN  WANTED — Single,  Middle-Aged, 

clean,  good  habits,  now  living  in  Central  New  York 
for  work  on  general  farm,  Finger  Lakes  Section. 
Reasonable  wages,  good  home. 

B0X  514-1,  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST, 
ITHACA,  _ .  NEW  YORK 

HELP  WANTED  —  FEMALE 

Assistant  housemother,  Protestant  country  boarding 
school.  Dutchess  County.  Must  be  able  to  do  home- 
style  cooking.  Salary  and  full  maintenance. 

BOX  514-G,  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 
ITHACA,  N.  Y. 


ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS. 

Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de¬ 
scribes  our  method  of  growing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 


POSITION  WANTED 

YOUNG  MAN  WANTS  WORK 

ON  FARM  OR  IN  DAIRY.  EXPERIENCED 
DO  NOT  DRINK  OR  SMOKE. 

Veachel  Adwell,  Cave  City,  Kentucky 

When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  &£» 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 

adTerUsmgesSblXVhareaofferedgea^0ff^l?iw«?'  tyPe  advert.isinS  ,at  farmers’  classified  advertising  rates.  Two 
space  one”ha]f  inelwleen  mo  ti  „,Face  °ne  1!lt*  deep  one  0011111111  wide  at  $6.00  per  issue  or 

Advertising  Dent  T*otP*?14  m!^n  !£Lld®  at  per  issue.  Copy  must  be  received  at  American  Agriculturist, 

ceoted  on* rrp  Tqfo14,'^1^;  N'  Y*  days  b,efore  Publication  date.  No  Baby  Chick  advertising  ac- 
Mav  9  23-  l,.n«  fi  n.i l*  a  aie  as  3:  ,7’  31  :  Feb-  ,4’  28:  Mar.  14.  28;  April  II.  25: 

May  9,  23,  June  6,  20,  July  4,  18;  Aug.  I,  15,  29;  Sept.  12,  26;  Oct.  10,  24;  Nov.  7,  21:  Dec.  5,  19- 


QUALITY^  Pedigree  S.C.W.  Leghorns  I 

B.W.D.  TESTED  PULLETS  AND  BREEDING  STOCK 
Progeny  Tested  under  supervision  Cornell  University. 

Hartwick  Hatchery,  Inc.,  Hartwick,  N.Y. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


17  (319) 


DOWN  THE 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 

rE  ARE  HEARING  a  lot  about 
the  great  increase  in  cattle  num¬ 
bers  since  1939  —  reported  to  be  as 
much  as  20%  in  beef  cows,  29%  in 
heifers,  21%  in  steers.  Unquestion¬ 
ably,  there  are  more  heifers  now  on 
farms  in  the  Northeast  than  for  a 


2  horses  per  farm.  England’s  experi-  the  Free  Farmers. 

ence  should  be  a  lesson  to  us.  Just  one  more  thought.  Mr.  Thomas- 

When,  if  ever,  they  hand  a  “union”  on,  Mr.  Lewis’  organizer  and  mouth- 
card  to  a  livestock  man,  it  will  be  piece,  came  into  this  milk  shed  against 
tacked  up  on  a  certain  wall  out  back,  the  wishes  of  98  per  cent  of  the  dairy- 
and  that  is  almost  the  best  thing  he  men,  and  began  attacking  the  farmers’ 
could  do  with  it.  organizations  and  institutions,  like  the 

■ _ A  A _  .  Farm  Bureau,  the  State  College  of 

Agriculture,  the  Grange,  other  organi- 
DAIRYMEN  HAVE  zations,  and  American  Agriculturist. 

WE  ARE  HEARING  a  lot  about  GOOD  JUDGMENT  American  Agriculturist  is  one  hundred 

the  great  increase  in  cattle  num-  (Continued  from  Pane  61  yearS  °ld'  11  haS  been  throu£h  these 

( Continued  from  Page  b)  fights  befor6;  always  Gn  the  farmer’s 

letters  that  are  coming  in,  many  of  side,  and  it  is  still  here  working  for 

them  expressing  sentiments  against  farmers  and  it  is  going  to  continue  to 

Lewis  so  emphatically  that  the  sen-  WOrk  for  them  in  spite  of  Mr.  Lewis 

fences  fairly  burn  the  paper.  I  refer  and  all  his  gang.  American  Agricul- 

number  of  years,  but  how  many  of  you  to  the  pledges  of  the  farmers  who  turist  needs  no  defense.  And  that 

these  will  go  into  meat  in  the  next  ure  joining  Fr ee  Farmers,  which  are  goes  for  the  farmers’  organizations  like 

year  or  two,  no  one  knows.  Anyway,  pouring  into  the  Free  Farmers  ofh.ce  the  Farm  Bureau  and  the  Grange  and 

before  we  become  too  much  alarmed  ^  Ithaca  at  the  rate  of  se\eial  hun-  ap  the  rest  of  them.  We  didn  t  start 

about  the  “cyclical”  position  of  cattle  dred  per  day.  this  war  in  these  quiet  old  hills  and 

numbers,  we  should  see  what  has  hap-  Yes,  farmers  can  take  care  of  them-  valleys,  but  Mr.  Lewis  and  Mr. 

pened  since  the  drouth  of  1934,  and  selves  when  they  have  the  truth.  But  Thomason  and  Mr.  Foster  can  be  sure 

just  where  these  increased  cattle  are.  there  should  be  no  slackening  of  our  of  one  thing,  we  are  going  to  finish  it. 

The  great  plains  area  actually  has  offense,  for  that  would  be  the  time  We  are  not  going  to  take  these  attacks 

less  than  90%  as  many  cattle  as  it  had;  when  Lewis  would  come  in  with  his  lying  down.  We  are  not  going  to  go 

even  Texas  has  only  88.5%  as  many,  ruthless  organizers  in  force.  And  re-  on  the  defensive.  Instead,  we  are  go- 

The  states  bordering  on  the  Pacific  and  member,  he  doesn’t  have  to  have  many  ing  to  continue  on  the  offensive  to 

one  inland  state  are  the  only  really  signers  in  order  to  combine  them  in  clean  this  gang  out  of  these  old  coun- 

Western  States  that  have  any  increase  any  one  community  with  his  goon  try  districts,  and  what  is  more  impor 

at  all.  The  really  Southern  States,  as  squads  of  ruthless  city  organizers  and  tant,  prevent  Mr.  Lewis  from  violating 

a  whole,  show  a  decrease.  The  only  force  good  farmers  to  join  with  him.  the  fundamental  principles  of  liberty 

other  increases  are  the  states  border-  That  cannot  happen  as  long  as  you  re-  and  justice  upon  which  this  country 

ing  on  the  Missouri  and  Mississippi  main  vigilant  and  determined  to  go  was  founded.  His  is  the  pattern  of 

Rivers,  and,  in  the  East,  principally  the  to  the  aid  of  your  neighbors,  in  line  dictatorship,  but  the  design  will  never 

states  bordering  on'  the  Great  Lakes  with  the  pledge  which  you  signed  with  be  finished. 

and  the  Eastern  Seaboard,  and  above 


the  Mason  and  Dixon  Line.  In  other 
words,  the  increase  is  all  in  the  states 
nearest  the  greatest  centers  of  popula¬ 
tion  and  consumption.  The  way  cattle 
production  has  worked  towards  both 
Coasts  and  away  from  the  plains  in 
the  last  ten  years  again  proves  the 
economic  position  livestock  has  and 
will  continue  to  have  in  our  Northeast. 

In  the  past  two  weeks  or  so,  the 
Buffalo  Yards  have  handled  and  sold 
about  200  carloads  of  Canadian  cattle. 
Nevertheless,  their  quota  is  about  ex¬ 
hausted  unless  it  is  increased'  also,  the 


He  Likes  the  Black  Ones 

CLAYTON  C.  TAYLOR  of  Lawtons,  that  ever  sired  five  different  Interna 
Erie  County,  New  York,  raises  beef  tional  Grand  Champion  bulls, 
cattle,  hogs  and  grapes,  as  well  as  cer-  Mr.  Taylor  has  some  fifty  head  of 
tified  seed  oats  and  potatoes.  Chief  purebred  cattle,  preferring  to  have  few- 
among  these,  however,  are  the  beef  er  and  have  them  of  the  best  rather  ' 
cattle.  He  has  all  purebred  Aberdeen-  than  to  have  a  large  herd  of  poorer 
Angus  stock,  famous  for  their  high  stock.  In  1940  he  won  the  Premier 
dressing  percentage  and  superior  qual-  Breeders  Pennant  at  the  New  York 
ity  of  meat.  State  Fair.  This  is  given  to  the  breed- 

Mr.  Taylor  began  this  cattle  busi-  er  who  wins  the  most  prize  money  on 
ness  on  August  21,  1920,  on  that  day,  cattle  which  he  bred  and  raised  himself. 

He  has  concentrated  on  the  Aber- 


„  .  u  “  ’  ’  buying  four  Aberdeen- Angus  cows  and  He  has  concentrated  on  the  Aber- 

Mexican  quota.  With  the  increase  in  three  calveg  from  Harrison  Brothers,  deen- Angus  breed  because  of  their  ex- 
lend-lease  buying,  we  can  probably  gcio>  0bio>  Jn  1925  be  boug.ht  the  berd  ceptionally  fine  market  qualities  for 
use  this  stuff.  The  Government  has  the  late  Mr  clarence  Eckhardt,  Ar-  beef,  as  shown  by  their  winnings  in 
announced  a  greatly  increased  buying  m  N.  Y.  m  this  herd 
pohcy  taking  40%  of  al  the  pork  and  the  d  champion 

66%  of  the  lard.  This  alone  would  as-  6  .  .  .  ,  . , 

sure  a  saisfactory  livestock  situation  .  u  ’  v  e.S  ’  1.  p  J  , 

.  ,  J  international  Grand 

for  our  producers  on  all  kinds  of  live-  .  - 

stock  for  at  least  the  balance  of  this  . 


year.  Our  people  will  have  to  turn 
from  pork  to  other  meats. 

Threatened  and  reported  price  ceil¬ 
ings  on  meat  and  livestock  is  having 
a  very  unsettling  effect  on  our  mar¬ 
kets,  with  no  one  knowing  how  they 
can  be  applied.  But  the  demand  is 
there,  the  feed  ratio  is  there,  and  I  can 
see  nothing  ahead  to  become  at  all 
panicky  about. 

Electric  fencing  is  sure  to  come  into 
its  own  with  the  lack  of  wire  fencing 
materials.  A  little  education  in  the 
way  of  a  small  enclosure  before  turn¬ 
ing  out  in  large  numbers,  to  be  sure 


Bleaton.  In  1923  Evest, 
the  son  of  Evenest,  was 
the  grand  champion  bull 
at  the  Eastern  States  Ex¬ 
position  in  Springfield, 
Mass. 

In  1931  another  of  his 
bulls,  Barcap  Quality,  a 
son  of  the  International 
Grand  Champion,  Quality 
Marshall,  took  first  prize 
at  the  New  York  State 
Fair.  His  next  herd  sire 
was  Pridemere  of  Wheat- 


Dr.  Naylors 

MEDICATED 

i  Teat  Dilators 


Easy  to 
Insert — ■ 
Stay  in 
the  Teat 


Safe  and  Dependable  Treatment 
for  Spider  Teat,  Scab  Teats,  Cut 
and  Bruised  Teats,  Obstructions. 

Dr.  Naylor  Dilators  furnish  soft,  com¬ 
fortable  protection  to  the  injured 
lining  and  keep  teat  canal  open  in 
its  natural  shape  while  tissues  heal. 

They  have  a  deep,  yielding  sur¬ 
face  of  soft  absorbent  texture  which 
fits  either  large  or  small  teats  with¬ 
out  overstretching  or  tearing  and 
which  carries  the  medication  INTO 
teat  canal  to  seat  of  the  trouble. 

The  Only  Soft  Surface  Dilators 

Medicated — Packed  in 
Antiseptic  Ointment 

L Large  Pkg . $1.00 

Trial  Pkg . 50 


H.  W.  Naylor  Co.,  Morris,  N.Y. 

Dr.  Naylor  Products  will  be  mailed  postpaid  if 
your  local  feed  or  drug  store  cannot  supply  you. 


BLIZZARD 

ENSILAGE  GUTTER  -  HAY  CHOPPER 


LEAPS  FROM 
ALL  A  MOLES 


Saves  time,  labor,  money.  Handles  any  crop 
—  wet,  green,  dry  —  elevates  anywhere. 
You  need  no  extras.  Keep  your  Blizzard 
in  best  condition.  Check  up  —  order 
needed  repair  parts  early  from  your 
nearest  Blizzard  dealer  or  dis¬ 
tributor. 

BLIZZARD  NIFG.  CO. 

Box  A, 

CANTON,  OHIO 


THE  GREATEST  NAME 
lin  SILOS  fiSBK  ,ma?us1 


MTTA 


(tatHtl/  \stlos 


land  2nd,  who  was  a  first  .p|| 
u‘s  uuc  us  wigc  UU1UWU18,  w  uu  owe  jz  winner  at  Texas  - - - - - - 

that  every  animal  knows  the  results  of  „  ,  ISTew  York  RePeater  ot  Wheatland  9th  No.  544652,  owned  by  Clay¬ 
touching  that  Wire,  may  save  trouble.  “Q  ^  °  ton  Taylor.  This  bull  was  Grand  Champion  Aberdeen- 

Hnrqpq  in  England  are  at  a  nremium  State  Fairf-  Next  follow  Angus  bull  at  the  1941  New  York  State  Fair.  A  year 
.  °  .  ,,  ^  '  ed  Briarcliff  Mignot,  sec-  ago  he  was  champion  of  the  Kansas  and  Missouri 

A  recent  Percheron  sale  there  brought  Qnd  prize  winner  at  New  g  state  Fairs. 

more  than  ever  before.  This,  after  2%  York  State  Fair.  His  sire 

years  of  war.  Horses  in  our  Northeast,  and  dam  were  bo^b  Hew  York  State  the  carcass  classes  at  the  International 
at  least  in  New  Yoik,  are  now  down  to  jraij'  grand  champions.  Livestock  Expositions.  The  cattle  are 

less  than  2  to  a  farm.  According  to  In  194q  be  boUght  Repeater  of  naturally  hornless  and  so  require  less 
farm  economists,  this  is  too  few.  There  whea,tland  9th  (whose  picture  accom-  room  and  also  escape  the  setbacks  that 
always  will  be  a  real  use  for  at  least  pardes  tbjs  article)  from  J.  B.  Hoi-  sometimes  accompany  dehorning.  They 

-  .  i  ■■  '  ■■■-■ .  linger,  Chapman,  Kansas.  He  was  a  thrive  in  all  climates  and  on  all  types 

first  prize  winner  at  Iowa  State  Fair,  of  forage.  This  breed  suffers  a  mini- 
also  at  the  Indiana  State  Fair  and  at  mum  loss  in  calving  due  to  small  bones 
Fort  Worth,  Texas,  Exposition.  At  the  of  the  calves  at  birth. 

Missouri  and  Kansas  State  Fairs  in  The  defense  program  has  made  an 

1940  he  was  grand  champion  and  in  increased  demand  for  this  type  of  beef 

1941  was  grand  champion  at  the  New  cattle  on  the  part  of  both  breeders 
York  State  Fair.  His  sire,  Repeater  of  and  the  meat  consuming  public.  It  is 
Wheatland,  also  sired  Estamere,  Inter-  said  that  it  takes  only  a  sixth  as  much 
national  Grand  Champion  cow  in  1938.  time  in  labor  to  take  care  of  a  beef 
Repeater  9th’s  dam  was  Erica  Escora  cow  as  of  a  dairy  cow.  Aberdeen- 
2nd,  who  traces  several  times  in  her  Angus  cattle  are  blocky,  thickset, 
pedigree  to  one  of  the  greatest  of  short-legged  and  black  in  color.  —  E. 
Angus  bulls,  Earl  Marshall,  only  bull  Weller 


Just  to  Remind  YOU 

Marietta  Super-Construction  Con¬ 
crete  Silos  are  built  STRONGER 
to  last  longer.  .  .  .  Acid  resist¬ 
ing,  cement  sealed  and  special 
hooping — for  Grass  ensilage.  Al¬ 
so  strongest  for  Corn.  Redwood 
hinged  doors. 

Our  1942  “quota”  of  CONCRETE 
Silos  now  sold.  But  write  Mari¬ 
etta.  0.,  office  for  new  “Vic¬ 
tory”  Silo  folder. 


MARIETTA  CONCRETE  CORP. 

Marietta,  0.  (Dept  |JJ  Baltimore.  Met. 
Schenectady.  N.Y.  Lilesville.  N.C. 


Henry  M.  Anger,  R.  I,  Alstead,  N.  H. 


46  Guernsey  2-Yr-0lds 

SELLING  AT  PUBLIC  AUCTION  AT 
Myrtle  Dairy  Farm,  Smithville,  Ohio. 

JUNE  5,  1942 

12:30  E.  W.  T. 

36  of  these  beautiful  heifers  are  sired  by 
Dictator  of  Halfred  Farms,  dam  of  which  pro¬ 
duced  15927.7  lbs.  M.,  764.5  lbs.  F.  at  2  years. 
The  others  are  by  a  son  of  Langwater  Shah. 
All  are  fresh  or  close-up  springers. 
Eligible  for  shipment  into  New  York. 

AN  OPPORTUNITY  OF  A  LIFE  TIME. 
Catalog  upon  application  from 

The  Ohio  Guernsey  Breeders'  Ass’n. 

WOOSTER,  OHIO. 


_ SWINE _ 

Walter  Lux,  Tel.  0086,  Woburn,  Mass. 

YORKSHIRE  &  CHESTER  CROSS  OR  BERKSHIRE 
&  CHESTER  CROSS,  all  large  growthy  pigs  sold  as 
teeders  or  breeders,  6-7  weeks  old,  $6.75  ea.  8  weeks 
old  $7.00  ea.  Will  ship  anv  number  C.O.D.  or  send 
check  or  money  order.  If  in  any  way  they  do  not 
please  you,  return  them  at  my  expense. 


Dailey  Stock  Farm 

LEXINGTON,  MASS.  TEL.  1085. 

Top  Quality  Pigs 


BERKSHIRE  &  0.  I.  C.  —  CHESTER  AND  YORK¬ 
SHIRE  CROSSED.  5-6  WKS.  OLD,  $6.75  EACH. 
7-8  WKS.  OLD,  $7.00  EA.  9-10  WKS.  OLD,  $7.50  EA. 
SHIPPED  C.O.D. 

GUB  GUARANTEE:  A  square  deal  at  all  times. 


STRONGEST  WOOD  STAVE 
SILO  EVER  BUILT! 


Non-warping,  non-twisting, 
tight! — just  what  you  want 
for  the  extra  silage  you  will 
raise. .  .“24-SQUARE”  door 
frames,  steel  stabilizers.  It’s 
the  Craine  Wood  Stave  Silo ! 
For  FREE  FOLDER  — easy 
payment  terms,  write 
CRAINE.  INC. 

522  Pine  St.,  Norwich.  N.  Y. 


Bbuilt*  SILOS 


CRAINE 


AYRSHIRE  DISPERSAL 


The  entire  herd  of  36  Ayrshires,  owned  by 
GRASSY  BROOK  FARM.  Alder  Creek,  N.Y., 
will  sell  at  auction  WEDNESDAY,  JUNE 
3rd,  at  1:00  P.  M.  This  is  a  very  High' 
Testing  herd  —  rich  in  Pensh-urst  breeding. 
There  will  be  a  lot  of  good  “buys”  in  this  sale. 

- —  FOR  CATALOG  WRITE  - 


Ayrshire  Sales  Service,  Box  85,  Brandon.  Vt. 


When  writing  advertisers 


(320)  18 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


H, 


I  Ml 


2*0 


Vi 


9*1 


*t?ESTS  SHOW  THAT 
CHICKENS  TAKE  IO  TO 
IS  HOURS  TO  DIGEST 
WHOLE  ©RAINS -BUT 
ONLY  3 34  HOURS  ON 
THE  AVERAGE  WHEN 
FED  GROUND  FEEDS 


m 


JU 


QUESTION:  What  is  the  only  sure 
way  to  get  enough  Vitamin  A  in 
feeds  for  top  production? 


thtKUY  CHICKS  DIE  FROM 
ACUTE  VITAMIN ’A'  DEFICIENCY 
WITHOUT  SHOWING  VISUAL 
SYMPTOMS -WHICH  SOMETIMES 
DO  NOT  APPEAR.  BEFORE  THE 
THIRD  OR  FOURTH  WEEK/ 


ANSWER:  Use  feeds  which  supply  maximum 
true  Vitamin  A  from  fish  liver  oils,  such  as 
"Nopco"  Vitamin  A  &  D  oils,  plus  high  caro¬ 
tene  alfalfa  and  yellow  corn.  _  T  T  - 

BE  SURE  YOU  GET  A  ,  ^|)|  [Lij|g|lil{J 

WOECO '  O/L  IN  ALL  FEEDS  / 

ftlC.g-S.PAT.Off. 


NATIONAL  OIL  PRODUCTS  COMPANY  •  HARRISON,  N.  J, 


FARMERS ! 

Get  your  latest 

Local  Market  Report 

and 

Farm  News 

WBT  A 

12:07  p.  m.  (noon)  Mon.  thru  Friday. 
Sponsored  by 

DEANS 

Cut  Rate  Drugs,  84  Main  St.,Batavia,N.Y. 


'e* 


2\ 

\ 


Consider  the 
MAIL  BOX 


Did  you  ever  stop  to  figure  the 
number  of  door  bells  it  can  ring 
for  you  and  you  never  have  to 
take  a  step?  Did  you  ever  stop 
to  figure  that  the  “trade”  page 
in  American  Agriculturist 
NORTHEAST  MARKETS  FOR 
NORTHEAST  PRODUCERS 

carries  your  sales  talk  to  over 
190,000  mail  boxes  and  you  never 
need  leave  your  own  door  yard? 
American  Agriculturist  offers 
you  a  SALES  SERVICE  that  is 
unequalled  in  coverage  and  qual¬ 
ity.  For  detailed  information, 
write  the  Advertising  Dept,  of 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST, 

Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y 


"■  :  1  <• 


t^Tproof 

that  phen-o-sal  combats 
bowel  troubles  two  ways 

8  rter  Staining 

8  Phen-O-Sal  tablets  per  gal 

Ion)  was  given  tr>  g  , 
bird*  tu  y  ,  1  normal 
oirds.  Three  hours  later 

oTfetrs! 

•  CROP  •  gizzard 

I  CECA  *  DU°DENUM  and 

excretions 

erfhm‘ c‘h?i,S,ayS  activG  J°ng- 
drinking  wa,er  &°Xth 
chick's^ 9diKS;  S(Stemf1CateS 


•  Combat  chick  bowel  troubles  two  wavs 
right  from  the  start!  Use  Dr.  Salsburv'n 
PHEN-O-SAL,  the  double 
duty’  drinking  water  medi¬ 
cine! 

Buy  at  Dr.  Salsbury  dealers 
—hatcheries,  drug  &  feed  stores. 

DR.  SALSBURY'S  LABORA-  III 
TORIES,  Charles  City,  Iowa.  1/1 
■>  r  or  early  roundworm  control,  till],  Bjt 


w  Ay  luuuuwuna  CUIlLrO 

use  Dr.  Salsbury’s  AVI-T0N1 

db.salsburyTs 


*“««*  „ 


lA 


1 


TURKEYS 


filial  ITY  Pnill  TQ  5  Best  Breeds.  Blood  Tested 
1  ■  *  UUL  Breeders.  Priced  Reasonable 
Circular.  SEIDELTON  FARMS,  Washingtonville.  Pa. 

Big  full  breasted  BRONZE  TURKEYS.  Eggs  $4.00 
dozen.  Poults  60c.  T.  D.  Schofield,  Woodstock,  N.  H. 


, _ TABLETS 

l_THE  DOUBLE  DUTY  DRINKING  WATER  MEDICINE  1 

Ida  L.  Mirick,  Gilbertsville,  N.  Y. 


PROTECT  CHICKS  FOR  LIFE 


DUCKS 


WHITE  RUNNER  DUCKS.  Winners,  Layers.  Real 
Quality.  Eggs  I2-$I.50.  Collie  Pups  $10.00.  $5.00. 

p.  McCullough,  mercer,  Pennsylvania. 


DUCKLINGS 


Against  TRACHEITIS  &  FOWL  POX 

with  Wene  U.S.  Licensed  Vaccines. 

Cost  is  less  than  one  egg  per  bird.  No 

physical  setback.  Information  free.  _ _____ 

Wene  Poultry  Laboratories,  Dept.  V-E4,  Vineland,  N.  J. 


FREE  BOOK  ON 
POULTRY  DISEASES 


White  Runner  Ducklings.  Bred  to  lay.  $12.00-100 
prepaid.  GEORGE  ZETTS,  DRIFTING,  PENNA. 

PEKIN  DUCKLINGS 

largest  kind,  postpaid:  12,  $2.75:  25,  $5.50;  50,  $10.00; 
100,  $19.00. 

FAIRVIEW  HATCHERY,  THERESA,  NEW  YORK 

When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
It  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


Buy 
United 
States 
War  Bonds 
and  Stamps 


Ss:  PULLETS 

4  necks  old,  35c,  COCKERELS  same  breed  and  age 
10c.  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  REDS,  4  weeks  old  (we  do 
not  sex  these)  24c.  All  chicks  from  healthy,  well  nay  - 
ing  flocks.  Shipped  by  express  collect. 

A  10%  deposit  books  order. 

FAIRVIEW  HATCHERY.  THERESA,  NEW  YORK 


HENHOUSE  GOSSIP 


fey  Jfe.  £,  Wecutesi 

DIAGNOSING  DISEASES 


“I  have  lost  several  of  my  White  Leg¬ 
horn  pullets.  On  cutting  them  open, 
have  found  an  enlarged  liver.  These  liv¬ 
ers  weigh  on  an  average  of  y2  lb.  apiece. 
They  are  much  lighter  colored  than  they 
should  be,  and  have  spots  all  through 
them  which  are  almost  white  in  color 
and  about  the  size  of  the  lead  in  a  pencil. 
On  the^  outer  surface,  the  spots  are  a 
little  larger  than  a  pea  and  farther  apart, 
but  different  in  color  so  far  as  to  be  of 
a  yellowish  green.  The  livers  are  firm 
throughout.  The  hearts  are  smaller  than 
normal  and  the  kidneys  much  larger. 
Could  you  tell  me  whether  this  condition 
is  contagious  and  what  to  do  about  it?” 

It  is  apparent  from  your  letter  that 
some  disease  is  in  your  flock  of  pullets 
and  is  responsible  for  your  losses. 
Without  seeing  the  birds,  it  would  not 
be  safe  to  attempt  to  determine  the 
cause  or  possible  preventive. 

Enlarged  livers  could  indicate  tuber¬ 
culosis,  a  faulty  ration,  fowl  leucosis, 
or  perhaps  some  other  disorder.  It 
might  or  might  not  be  contagious. 
Since  you  live  in  New  York  State,  I 
would  say  that  the  first  thing  to  do  is 
to  send  several  of  the  birds  to  the  New 
York  State  Veterinary  College,  Ithaca, 
New  York,  for  examination.  There  is 
no  charge  for  this  service.  Send  sick 
birds  before  they  die,  if  possible.  Other¬ 
wise,  send  them  immediately  after 
death,  but  after  thorough  cooling.  Send 
them  in  lots  of  several  at  one  time  if 
possible,  or  singly  if  necessary. 

Write  a  letter  stating  the  extent  of 
your  losses,  size  of  the  flock,  and  your 
management  practices.  Ask  for  a  re¬ 
port,  giving  treatment  if  any. 

*  *  * 

CASH  PULLET  COST 

A  year  ago  Professor  H.  E.  Botsford 
purchased  1000  sexed  chicks.  Forty 
extra  chicks  were  included  by  the  sell¬ 
er.  Professor  Botsford  is  an  extension 
poultryman  and  is  away  from  home  a 
great  deal,  but  he  has  a  cooperative 
family  including  two  boys.  By  their 
combined  efforts  and  a  little  hired  labor 
they  made  a  rather  unusual  record  of 
pullets  growing.  A  careful  record  of 
costs  of  rearing  was  kept,  and  I  am 
giving  it  here.  Notice  that  the  cash 
cost  of  growing  a  pullet  was  81c.  If 
family  labor  had  been  charged  the  cost 
probably  would  have  been  .about  15  per 
cent  more,  or  close  to  one  dollar  for 
each  pullet. 

A  COMMERCIAL  FLOCK  IN  NEW  YORK  STATE 

Rearing  Record  —  1941 

CASH  COSTS  OF  REARING 


Chicks  (1040  sexed  p u  1  lets) _ _  _ _ 

-  $277.50 

Feed:  Mash — 11,100  lbs.  _ _ _  _ 

?fia  n? 

Grain — 11,600  lbs.  _ _ _ 

212.41 

Grit— 404  lbs.  _ _ _ 

3.44 

Delivery  charge  .  _ 

-  7.75 

Oil,  185  gallons  _ _  _ _ 

_  14.04 

Fencing  and  posts  _  _  _ _ 

_  31.90 

Equipment  _ _ _ _ 

_  6.46 

Litter  _ _  __  _ _ _  . 

.  .35 

Carbolineum  _  _  .  _ 

.50 

Labor,  oaid  and  estimated  tn  Oct.  1 

SR.7S 

(Includes  only  labor  actually  paid) 
Repairs  _  _ _  __  _ _ _ _ 

$879.22 

CREDITS 

Bags  _ $20.91 

Dividends  _  10.40 

Cockerels  sold  _  3.75 

Equipment  on  hand  _  6.00 

Fencing  _ 31.00 


72.06 


Net  cash  cost  _ $807.16 

Pullets  reared — 991. 

Cash  cost  per  pullet  —  $.814. 


SEXED  CHICKS 

Some  people  buy  sexed  pullet  chicks 
because,  they  say,  they  lose  money 
growing  cockerels  when  they  buy 
straight-run  chicks.  Others  say  that 
they  save  money  by  not  paying  the 
extra  price  for  sexed  chicks.  I  have 
never  been  able  to  decide  which  side 
was  correct,  but  at  last  I  have  found 
one  set  of  figures  that  gives  a  clue.  It 


does  not  settle  the  question  any  more 
than  one  swallow  makes  a  summer. 

In  1940  the  department  of  Agricul¬ 
tural  Economics  at  Cornell  had  reports 
from  41  farms  where  records  were  kept 
of  the  costs  of  raising  pullets.  The 
average  cost  was  $1.14  per  pullet.  The 
farms  were  then  divided  into  two 
groups,  those  that  had  purchased  sex¬ 
ed  chicks  and  those  with  straight-run 
chicks.  The  average  cost  per  pullet 
from  sexed  chicks  was  $1.32  and  from 
the  straight-run  chicks  was  only  $1.09. 

To  me  this  means  that  in  1940  the 
cockerels  were  sold  as  broilers  at  a 
profit,  and  this  profit  reduced  the  cost 
of  growing  the  pullets.  Of  course,  that 
might  not  happen  every  year. 


WORKIN  G  WITH  DULL 
TOOLS 

Edgar  Amidon  was  famous  in  our 
rural  community  for  his  ability  with 
an  ax.  A  powerful  man,  he  sficed 
through  3  inch  maple  saplings  with  a 
single  blow.  Edgar  never  went  into  the 
woods  until  he  had  taken  plenty  of 
time  at  the  grindstone  putting  a  keen 
edge  on  this  ax.  “Only  a  fool”,  said 
Edgar,  “will  work  with  dull  tools.  He 
makes  hard  work  for  himself,  and  an 
ax  that  won’t  hang  to  the  timber  is 
mighty  dangerous.” 

The  other  day  I  thought  of  Edgar 
when  I  saw  some  figures.  By  the  way, 
did  you  ever  wonder  how  much  feed 
a  hen  needs  to  make  a  dozen  eggs?  It 
depends  on  the  hen. 

In  a  flock  that  averaged  127  eggs 
each  in  12  months  5.96  pounds  of  feed 
were  needed  for  each  dozen  eggs  pro¬ 
duced.  But  a  flock  of  high  producers 
that  averaged  243  eggs  each  consumed 
only  4.2  pounds  of  feed  for  every  dozen 
eggs  laid.  Low  producers  waste  feed. 
They  are  “dull  tools.”  Why  not  get 
chicks  from  high-producing  flocks,  and 
quit  working  with  dull  tools? 


MOTHER  HEN 

One  sign  that  more  people  than  usual 
are  going  to  raise  a  few  chickens  this 
year  is  the  number  of  requests  for  in¬ 
structions  on  how  to  set  a  hen.  I  had 
almost  forgotten  that  one  could  get 
chicks  that  way.  It  has  been  years  and 
years  since  I  used  to  put  15  eggs  under 
the  Plymouth  Rock  hens,  and  only  13 
under  little  Betsy  because  that  was  all 
she  could  cover.  I  sorted  out  only  the 
blunt  egg-shaped  eggs  to  set,  leaving 
the  slim  and  pointed  ones  to  take  to 
the  store  because  they  would  hatch 
only  roosters.  The  fact  that  we  always 
had  plenty  of  roosters  in  spite  of  my 
efforts,  never  shook  my  faith.  Pullets 
came  from  the  short  eggs  with  round¬ 
ed  ends  because  grandma  said  so. 

Incubators  took  over  mother  hen’s 
job,  I  think,  before  automobiles  crowd¬ 
ed  the  horse  and  buggy  off  the  high- 


-  GRfVrWW 


‘You  take  him  a  while  now,  Harry V* 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


19  (321) 


Baby  ’CJ  Chicks 


REDBI RD 


Mass.  State  Pullorum  Tested  Breeders 

Prices  on  May  Chicks  Sharply  Reduced. 

Tes  sir !  You  can  buy  Redbird  Farm  specialty-bred 
Chicks  for  a  lot  less  money,  starting  May  15th.  Think 
of  getting  specialty-farm  quality  Chicks,  hatched 
from  eggs  produced  on  our  own  300 -acre  farm  at  a, 
big  saving  in  cost.  Now  is  the  time  to  order  I 

98%  Livability  Guaranteed  First  4  Weeks 
on  CHamp'on.  Grade  A  and  Grade  B  Matings 
RHODE  ISLAND  REDS  N EW  H  A M PSH  I R ES 
WHITE  LEGHORNS  BARRED  PL.  ROCKS 
ROCK-RED  Barred  Cross  RED-ROCK  Sex-Link  Cross 
Sexing  Service.  Write  lor  Catalog  and  lieduced  Prices 

REDBIRD  FPRM.  Route  11,  WRENTHAM,  MASS. 

World’s  Largest  R.  I.  Red  Breeding  Farm. 


REDUCED/**”*' PRICES 

§WEKE  R.O.P.  SIRED 
CHICKS,  PULLETS 

DAY-OLD  or  StarteckAlso  Sexed  Males 


ElMER  H  WENE 


U.S.  New  Jersey 
APPROVED 


FREE  REPLACEMENT  GUARANTEE 

Insured  thru  first  14-Day  Danger  Period 
ignnnnd  fan  — any  loss  replaced  FULLY  without 
1,800, UUU  tgg  charge  More  2-to-5-yr.-old  HEN 

Hatching  Capacity  BREEDERS  headed  by  pedigreed  males 
Hatches  Every  from  200-300-Egg  R.  O.  P.  H_ens_  than 


Week  Year  Around 


any  other  Eastern  plant.  BLOOD- 
TESTED.  Leading  pure  or  crossbreeds. 
Write  for  FREE  LITERATURE,  BAR¬ 
GAIN  SUMMER  PRICES. 


CREDIT  given 
if  desired 

WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  Dept.  E-4,  Vineland,  N.  J. 


WHIT*4t0CK 

BABY 

■  CHICKS 


I 

I 

I 

if 


no. 


PUL 

too 

EGGS  FOR  $  Z 
MATCHING.. :.f  O  •  f 00 

Special  Price  on  LARGE  ORDERS 
All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100% 
State  Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube  Agglut.  TOL- 
MAN'S  CHICKS  famous  for  RAPID  GROWTH. 
EARLY  MATURITY.  Profitable  EGG  YIELD. 
Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters  or 
market  eggs.  Send  for  FREE  Circular v. 
tl  JITJ  I  SPECIALIZE  ONE  BREED.  ONE 
> Kl  1  'J  1 1  GRADE  at  ONE  PRICE. 

,1  — — - -  Dent.  B. 

ROCKLAND 

MASS. 


TOLMAH 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


Hatches  Mon.-Tues. -Wed. -Thurs.  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerel* 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ $9.00  $16.00  $1.50 

Black  or  White  Minorcas _  9.00  16.00  2.00 

B.  &W.ROX.  R.  I.  Reds.  W.  Wy.  9.00  12.00  8.00 

Red  Rock  or  Rook-Red  Cross _  9.00  12.00  8.00 

Jersey  White  Giants _ 11.00  14.00  10.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAA  SUP.1-12.00  16.00  8.00 

Heav\  Mixed  $8.  HEAVY  BROILER  CKLS.  (OUR 
SELECTION)  $7.00.  Breeders  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D. 
100%  live  del.  Postage  Paid.  AMERICAN  SEXORS 
ONLY.  95%  Accuracy. 

C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  McAlisterville.  Pa. 


and 

SEXED  PULLETS 

R.  O.  P  SIRED 

Leghorns  -  New  Hampshires 
Rocks  -  Reds  -  Crossbreds 
Hatched  from  Pullorum  Clean  Breeders 


Guarantee  Protects  Ycu.  Early  Order  Discount. 

Write  for  Catalog  and  Prices. 
TAYLOR’S  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  LIBERTY.  N.  Y. 


English  Black  Leghorns 

FOR  PROFIT 

Healthiest  breed,  no  pick-outs — 
no  paralysis.  Great  layers  of  big 
white  eggs,  as  broilers  dress  yel¬ 
low.  3000  Breeders  up  to  six 
years  old.  Chicks  and  eggs. 

Catalog  free.  Est.  1910. 

The  Keystone  Farms 

Box  87,  Richfield,  Pa. 


ways.  And  now  I  am  walking-  to  work 
and  people  are  setting  hens  again. 

It  is  getting  rather  late  in  the  season 
to  be  putting  eggs  under  hens,  but  it 
occurs  to  me  that  perhaps  mother  hen 
is  the  best  brooder  for  chicks  started 
now.  If  you  don’t  own  a  broody  hen, 
try  borrowing  one.  Moved  at  night  and 
given  chicks  at  once  almost  any 
broody  hen  will  accept  them.  In  warm 
weather  a  good-sized  hen  can  hover  20 
chicks.  Hen  and  chicks  must  be  confin¬ 
ed,  at  least  until  the  chicks  are  large 
enough  to  run  through  tall  grass  and 
weeds  without  getting  lost,  and  left  be¬ 
hind.  Give  them  a  roomy  coop,  and 
move  it  often.  Cleanliness  is  as  neces¬ 
sary  for  the  health  of  baby  chicks  as 
for  human  babies. 

One  objection  to  mother  hen  is  that 
she  is  lousy  as  a  rule.  The  lice  get  on 
the  chicks  and  that  is  bad  indeed  for 
the  chicks.  The  way  out  is  to  give 
mother  hen  a  good  delousing  before  you 
give  her  the  chicks.  Use  a  good  louse 
powder.  One  of  the  best  is  sodium 
fluoride,  a  white  powder  that  all  drug¬ 
gists  should  have  in  stock.  It  is  also 
one  of  the  least  expensive  delousers. 

Feed  the  chicks  a  good  starting 
mash  just  as  you  would  in  a  brooder 
house,  and  add  whole  corn  for  mother 
hen.  Get  a  mason  jar  waterer  from  the 
store,  never  let  it  get  dry,  and  watch 
the  chicks  grow. — L.  E.  Weaver. 

— a.  a. — 

PUIXETS  ON  RANGE  ‘ 

A  good  way  to  change  pullets  from 
the  brooder  house  to  the  range  shelter 
is  to  pick  out  those  that  are  best  feath¬ 
ered,  and  fill  one  range  shelter  every 
few  days.  In  this  way,  the  tempera¬ 
ture  in  the  brooder  house  is  gradually 
reduced  as  there  are  fewer  birds  to 
warm  it  with  their  body  heat. 

Do  not  put  more  than  150  pullets  in 
a  9x10  range  shelter,  and  if  you  ex¬ 
pect  the  pullets  to  get  part  of  their 
living  from  the  grass,  two  of  these 
range  shelters  to  the  acre  are  enough. 

If  the  grass  grows  too  high  on  the 
range,  clipping  it  will  bring  on  new 
growth  which  is  palatable  and  high  in 
protein. 

— A.  a. — 

POULTRY  RATION 
RECOMMENDED 

Bushel  for  bushel,  wheat  is  the 
cheapest  ingredient  in  the  poultry  ra¬ 
tion  today,  and  more  and  more  poul- 
trymen  are  feeding  wheat  to  their 
flocks,  is  the  statement  of  Raymond 
T.  Parkhurst,  head  of  the  poultry  de¬ 
partment  at  Massachusetts  State  Col¬ 
lege. 

He  points  out  that  wheat  purchased 
from  the  government  in  lots  of  about 
1,500  bushels  in  bulk  shipments,  will 
show  a  saving  under  market  quota¬ 
tions  of  from  $10  to  $12  a  ton.  Grain 
companies  will  clean  and  bag  the 
wheat  and  pass  it  on  to  the  poultry- 


man  for  about  half  this  saving. 

Members  of  the  New  England  Feed 
Conference,  representing  all  New  Eng¬ 
land  state  colleges  and  universities, 
who  met  recently  to  decide  how  this 
wheat  could  be  used  by  New  England 
poultrymen,  recommend  the  follow¬ 
ing  scratch  feed  ration:  Wheat,  1000 
pounds;  No.  2  yellow  corn,  whole  or 
cracked,  500  pounds;  and  oats  or  bar¬ 
ley,  500  pounds. — W.  E.  P. 

— A.  a. — 

SIZE  AND  PRODUCTION 

Are  there  any  figures  to  show  that  a 
hen  which  lays  small  eggs  lays  a  greater 
number  of  eggs  in  a  year? 

No.  Egg  size  is  a  matter  of  inheri¬ 
tance.  Of  course,  pullets  lay  larger 
eggs  as  they  grow  older  up  to  the  time 
they  get  to  be  about  a  year  old,  but 
even  here  some  pullets  inherit/  a  ten¬ 
dency  to  produce  large  eggs  at  an 
early  age. 

— A.  a. — 

Poultry  Leader  Eugley  —  Recent  war¬ 
time  activity  of  Maurice  E.  Eugley  of 
North  Reading  in  dual  role  of  Chair¬ 
man  of  the  Defense  Committee  of  the 
Massachusetts  Federation  of  Poultry 
Associations  as  well  as  Federation 
president  has  brought  to  the  public  eye 
an  outstanding  figure  in  Bay  State 
poultrydom — one  who  combines  abil¬ 
ity  in  farm  organization  work  with  a 
practical  knowledge  of  the  poultry 
business. 

The  Eugley  farm  in  North  Reading 
carries  some  2,000  Rhode  Island  Red 
breeders  and  is  operated  along  thor¬ 
oughly  modern  lines.  Eggs  go  mostly 
into  incubators  on  the  farm,  for  baby 
chick  production,  and  the  chicks  are 
marketed  locally  within  convenient  de¬ 
livery  distance  of  the  plant. 

Mr.  Eugley  has  recently  completed 
a  new  double  decker  pedigree  house, 
containing  18  pens,  each  holding  about 
15  females  and  1  male.  Feature  of 
new  house  is  direction  of  pens,  run¬ 
ning  east  and  west,  in  contrast  to  usu¬ 
al  north  and  south  layouts.  Alley  runs 
down  center  of  each  floor,  and  hoppers 
and  water  containers  slide  out  from 
pens  into  the  alley  for  easy  filling. 

Range  shelters  on  Eugley  farm  are 
of  the  hip  roof  type,  with  galvanized 
sheet  roofing  about  8  feet  wide  by  10 
feet  deep.  This  roof  gives  a  little 
more  head  room  than  the  regular  A 
type,  and  is  not  so  heavy  as  the  con¬ 
ventional  pitch  roof.  M.  Eugley  is  a 
member  of  the  Metropolitan  Reading 
Poultry  Association,  vice-president  of 
the  Mass.  R.O.P.  Breeders’,  Associa¬ 
tion,  and  is  at  present  doing  war-time 
emergency  work  as  a  member  of  sev¬ 
eral  defense  groups.  Mrs.  Eugley  is 
an  active  partner  in  the  working  of 
the  plant,  taking  full  charge  of  incu¬ 
bators  and  keeping  the  many  necessary 
records  which  are  so  important  in 
poultry  breeding  operations. 

— Walter  E.  Piper. 


Use  this  handy  BABY  CHICK  order  form 

FILL  OUT  AND  PASTE  ON  GOVERNMENT  POST  CARD 

Q  Please  send  me  your  latest  price  list,  catalog  or  circular. 

□  Please  ship  C.O.D.  Q  Express  □  Parcel  Post 

Dio.  Description  ,  Each  Total 


HANSON  R.  O.  P.  gifio 

ft®  hatched  $8.-100.  Pullets  $16.-100.  Cockerels  $2. 
100.  White  Rocks  $9.-100.  Post  Paid. 

C.  M.  SHELLENBERGER’S  POULTRY  FARM, 
Box  37>  RICHFIELD, 


HAMPTON'S  BLACK  LEGHORN  CHICKS 

t*Te,  Lay.  Pay,  Healthy,  Hardy.  Heavy  Layers  of  Large 
White  Eggs.  Free  of  disease  and  cannibalism.  Circular 

tree.  A.  E.  HAMPTON,  Box  A.  PITTSTOWN.  N.  J. 


DAY  OLD  AND  STARTED  CHICKS.  Bloodtest 
Breeders.  Write  for  our  1942  prices.  Prompt  shipmei 

ROSE  LAWN  CHICK  FARM,  Box  A,  McAIUterville,  F 


I  understand  your  guarantee  is  as  per  your  recent  advertisement 
in  American  Agriculturist. 


Signed  . 

Address  . 

R.D.  or  St.  City  or  Town  State 


For  better 


egg-feed  ratio 


•  Heavy-laying  pullets  devel¬ 
oped  from  Kerr's  Lively  Chicks 
consume  no  more  feed  than  less 
productive  birds.  But  what  a 
difference  this  Kerr  productivity 
means  in  establishing  a  satisfactory  bal¬ 
ance  between  your  income  and  today's 
increased  cost  of  feed! 

Kerr  quality  is  the  result  of  no  miracle.  An¬ 
nually,  Kerr  experts  cull,  band, 
blood-test  120,000  breeders  in  a 
scientific  program  now  in  its 
34th  year.  100%  live  delivery 
guaranteed.  All  popular  breeds, 
crosses,  sexed  White  Leghorns. 

Write  today  for  free  literature, 
advance  order  discount  offer. 

v  ti  n  d  /iiri/ivrof  r 


21  RAILROAD  AVE.,  FRENCHTOWN.  N.  J. 
There's  a  branch  office  near  you— call  today 

NEW  JERSEY:  Jamesburg,  Paterson,  Woodbury: 
NEW  YORK:  Binghamton.  Blue  Point,  L.  I„  East 
Syracuse.  Kingston,  Middletown,  Schenectady; 
PENNSYLVANIA:  Dunmore,  Lancaster,  Lewistown; 
MASS.:  West  Springfield:  CONN.:  Danbury;  DEL¬ 
AWARE;  Selbyville.  (Address  Dept.2l) 


JUNIATA 

LEGHORNS 


Our  28th  year  of  breeding  for  larger  and  better  LEG¬ 
HORNS.  Our  Breeders  are  Large  Birds.  Blood  Tested 
and  perfectly  healthy.  Write  for  our  large  circular  show¬ 
ing  actual  photos  of  our  Farm  and  Stock.  IT  IS  FREE. 
Day  old  Chicks  and  Pullets  can  be  furnished  on  short 
notice.  Unsexed — 100  Pullets — 100 

Special  Hollywood  Matings  $8.50  $16.00 

Large  Tom  Barron  Matings  9.00  17.00 

JUNIATA  POULTRY  FARM 
BOX  A,  RICHFIELD,  PA. 


J£tULSH  FARM!  GHICKfS 


All  Breeders  carefully  culled  &  I' ft  A I 
Blood  Tested.  Order  direct  from 
(V|H  ad.  or  write  for  our  new  catalog. 

Satisfaction  and  safe  arrival  guaranteed. 

Shipments  Mon.  &  Thurs. —  Unsex’d  Pul’ts  C’k’ls 

Will  Ship  C.O.D.  100  100  100 

iYhite  or  Brown  Leghorns - $9.00  $16.00  $3.00 

Black  or  Buff  Leg.,  Anconas. .  9.50  17.00  4.00 

Bar.  White  or  Buff  Rocks -  9-50  3.00  8.50 

Wh.  Wyand.  R.  I.  Reds,  N.  Hamps.  9.50  13.00  7.00 

Red-Rocks,  Rock-Red  Cross -  9.50  13.00  8.50 

Sexing  guaranteed  95%  correct.  Our  21st  year 
ULSH  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A,  Port  Trevorton.  Pa. 


BUtROH  IfCHORH- 

CHICKS 


xour  Chicks  MUST  be  good  this  year  I 
Don't  take  chances.  Clauser  chicks  are  from 
large  size,  heavy  production  Barron  English  S.  C.  W. 
Leghorns.  Hens  weigh  up  to  7  lbs.  Mated  with  R.O.P. 
Pedigreed  Cockerels.  Extra  Quality  chicks  from  Blood-test¬ 
ed  healthy,  vigorous  selected  stock.  Straight  run.  sexed 
pullets  or  cockerels.  Write  for  price  list  and  catalog. 

m.4-  I  Plnncor . Box 


CHERRY  HILL  CHICKS 


Twenty-Five  years  ot  Bleeding  and  Hatching  Experi¬ 
ence,  Assures  you  the  highest  Quality.  Tested  for  B.W.D. 
Postage  Paid.  Catalog  FREE.  Lave  Delivery. 

Pullets  Guar.  95%  Accurate.  Per  100  100  100 

BIG  R.O.P.  SIRED  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckl*. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS  — . —$7.50  $14.00  $2.00 

White  or  Barred  Rocks -  8.00  11.00  7.00 

New  Hamps.  or  S.  C.  R.  I.  Reds  9.00  13.00  6.00 

Less  than  100  add  lc  tier  chick.  Also  Started  Chicks. 

CHERRY  HILL  POULTRY  FARM. 

Win.  Nace,  (Prop.)  Box  A,  McALISTERVILLE.  PA. 


Howard  J.  Stody,  R.  I,  Great  Valley,  N.  Y. 


STONEY  RUN  CHICKS 

Cash  or  C.O.D.  100%  live  STR.  PLTS.  CKLS. 

Delivery  Guaranteed.  100  100  100 

English  White  Leghorns - - -$  9.00  $16.00  $2.00 

DIRECT  HANSON  WH.  LEGHORNS  1 1.00  18.00  3.00 

Bar.  Wh.  Rocks  &  R.  I.  Reds _ 10.00  12.00  8.00 

Special  N.  H.  Reds -  13.00  17.00  8.00 


Write  for  our  1942  Catalog  for  details  of  our  15  yrs. 
breeding  program  that  makes  more  money  for  our  large 
family  of  Poultry  Raisers.  All  Breeders  Bloodtested. 
RESERVE  Your  Chicks  Today. 

STONEY  RUN  HATCHERY, 

H.  M.  Leister,  Owner,  Box  A,  MCALISTERVILLE,  PA. 


3 


fsa^uratssdrkpeu 


QUALITY  CHICKS 


Hatch  Tue.  &  Thur.  100%  L.  Del.  P.P.  Non-Sex  Pit's  Ckl's 


Pullets  95%  Accurate  guar.  100  100  100 

Large  Type  White  Leghorns - $  8.00  $16.00  $2.00 

B.&W.  Rox,  R.  I.  JReds  Rox-Red  Cr.  9.00  12.00  8.00 

Sreoial  Bred  N.  H.  Reds _  13.00  1  7.00  8.00 

H.  Mix  $8.-100,  All  Breeders  BLOOD  TESTED.  Antigen 
method.  Catalog  FREE.  Write.  MCALISTERVILLE 
HATCHERY,  Box  20,  MCALISTERVILLE,  PA. 


NACE'S  QUALITY  CHICKS 


We  pay  postage.  Safe  delivery  guaranteed. 

HANSON  OR  ENGLISH  LARGE  100  100  100 

TYPE  WHITE  LEGHORNS  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls, 

R.O.P.  SIRED  _ $7.00  $14.00  $2.00 

S  C.  Everpay  Br.  Leghorns -  7.00  14.00  2.00 

Bar.  and  White  Rocks -  8.00  12.00  7.00 

N.  H.  and  R.  I.  Reds _  8.00  12.00  6.00 

Heavy  Mixed  -  6.50  10.00  [6.00 

From  Free  range  Flocks.  Sexed  Pullets  Guar.  95% 

accurate.  Order  from  ad  or  write  for  Catalog. 

J  N.  NACE  POULTRY  FARM  &  HATCHERY, 
Box  A,  RICHFIELD,  PENNSYLVANIA. 


pnir']/ C  S.  C.  White  Leghorns,  New  Hampshires 
LuILIVd  anci  Barred  Rocks,  8c;  Corni-Rocks,  12a; 
Sexed  Leghorn  Pullets,  15c.  Guar.  95%.  All  State 
Blood  Tested  and  Supervised  Flocks.  Circular  FREE. 
E.  L.  BEAVER,  Box  A,  McALISTERVILLE,  PA. 


Ai  icrican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


Summed  1943. 


3529 


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3529  2  9  06  2  5  08  3  2  73 

CLOTHES  are  one  of  the  best 
morale  builders,  especially  when 
they  are  as  charming  and  prac¬ 
tical  as  the  summer  styles  pic¬ 
tured  here.  Choosing  suitable  materi¬ 
als  for  them  will  not  be  difficult,  even 
though  we  find  less  variety  in  the 
stores  than  before  the  war. 

For  play  clothes  (or  work  clothes 


if  you  want  to  use  them  that  way), 
look  for  fabrics  that  are  cool,  wash¬ 
able,  sunfast,  durable,  and  attractive. 
Materials  which  meet  those  require¬ 
ments  are  cotton  or  rayon  seersucker, 
pique,  chambray,  denim,  gingham, 
rayon,  sharkskin,  crash,  hopsacking, 
linene,  gabardine,  sailcloth  and  chintz. 

(Continued  on  opposite  page) 


PATTERN  SIZES  AND  REQUIREMENTS 

No.  oOll,  sizes  12  to  20.  Size  16,  2%  yards  35-inch  fabric  for  playsuit  and  4(4 
yards  35-inch  for  jumper. 

No.  2620,  sizes  10  to  20.  Size  16,  only  4  yards  of  39-inch  fabric  with  4(4  yards 
banding,  for  regulation  length:  or  5  yards  of  39-inch  fabric  for  evening  length. 
No.  3353,  sizes  10  to  20.  Size  16,  3%  yards  35-inch  fabric  with  4  yards  banding. 
No.  3500,  sizes  14  to  48.  Size  36,  3%  yards  39-inch  fabric. 

No.  3529,  sizes  10  to  20.  Size  16,  only  3 %  yards  of  35-inch  fabric  for  dress  and 
1%  yards  of  same  or  contrasting  fabric  for  the  bolero. 

No.  2906,  sizes  8  to  16.  Size  12,  2%  yards  of  35-inch  fabric  for  the  dress  and 
%  yard  35-inch  for  the  bolero. 

No.  3273,  sizes  8  to  16.  Size  12,  only  3  yards  of  39-inch  fabric. 

No.  4H-2508,  sizes  12  to  20.  Size  16,  3  yards  39-inch  fabric  with  %  yard  35-inch 
contrasting. 

No.  2954,  sizes  1  to  4.  Size  2,  for  the  sun-suit  and  bonnet,  1(4  yards  35-inch 
fabric  with  1%  yards  ruffling;  and  for  the  frock,  1(4  yards  35-inch  with  % 
ruffling. 

No.  3374,  sizes  6  to  14.  Size  8,  2(4  yards  of  35-inch  fabric  for  pinafore  and  1(4 
yards  35-inch  fabric  for  blouse  (included  in  pattern) A 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address,  pattern  size  and  number  clearly  and  en¬ 
close  15c  in  stamps.  Address  Pattern  Dept.,  American  Agriculturist ,  10  North 
Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  Add  12c  for  a  copy  of  our  full-color  Summer 
Fashion  Book,  our  “Victory”  issue  filled  with  new  smart  styles  which  fit  the 
needs  of  today. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


121  ( 323) 


0  |  —  "  —  ■■  ■  "  — ’ 

MISSED 

By  Edith  Shaw  Butler. 

She  had  a  way  with  flowers. 

They  flourished  at  her  touch; 

And  now  that  she  is  gone 
They  miss  her  much. 

This  spring  her  garden  waits 
For  her  to  plant  new  seeds; 

To  rake  up  last  year’s  leaves 
And  pull  the  weeds. 

I  hope  in  Heaven  there  may 
Be  flowers  needing  care, 

And  seeds  to  plant,  that  she’ll 
Be  happy  there. 

I—  rf-  ■  —  »— — ■  —  —  ■  -  ■  m0 

SUMMED  1»42 

( Continued  from  opposite  page) 

For  your  summer  street  dress  or  the 
children’s  summer  dressy  clothes,  both 
of  which  require  coolness  and  easy 
care,  look  among  the  chambrays,  cot¬ 
ton  laces,  shantung,  failles,  seersuck¬ 
ers,  linens,  crashes,  rayon  and  silk 
crepes,  dotted  Swisses,  piques  and  tis¬ 
sue  ginghams.  For  house  dresses  or 
for  the  children’s  playclothes,  your  best 
materials  are  percale,  pique,  seersuck¬ 
er,  chambray,  cotton  twill,  cotton  gab¬ 
ardine,  broadcloth,  longcloth  and  ging¬ 
ham. 

For  that  “best”  summer  frock  for 
yourself  or  the  children,  the  kind  that 
must  look  cool,  sheer  and  dainty,  the 
natural  choice  would  be  batiste,  rayon 
or  silk  crepe,  chiffon,  marquisette, 
voile,  organdy,  dotted  Swiss’  rayon 
seersucker  or  rayon  jersey. 

The  play  clothes  or  work  clothes  out¬ 
fit  is  ideally  combined  in  Pattern  No. 
3011.  For  garden  or  actual  farm 
work  or  for  beachwear,  the  jumper 
might  be  of  blue  denim,  with  a  bright 
red  or  candy-striped  percale  or  ging¬ 
ham  playsuit  underneath.  Also  seer¬ 
sucker,  chambray,  and  gingham  would 
make  attractive  outfits  for  this  very 
useful  combination. 

For  the  hours  of  being  a  gracious 
lady,  No.  2620  is  a  love  of  a  frock, 
with  basque  top,  full  skirt  and  sweet¬ 
heart  neckline.  The  pattern  allows  for 
both  regulation  and  floor  length  skirts 
- — convenient  for  graduation  or  June 
wedding  affairs. 

Bright  bandings  or  borders  are  a 
distinct  style  note  of  the  season.  They 
are  featured  on  plain  material  in  No. 
3353.  However,  this  design  is  also 
charming  if  worked  up  in  a  vibrant 
print. 

For  the  ampler  figure,  No.  3500 
gives  a  touch  of  softness  to  a  two- 
piece,  suit-looking  dress.  It  is  a  happy 
choice  for  prints,  for  heavy  sheers  or 
for  washables. 

Sun-back  frock  No.  3529  makes  it 
easy  to  look  your  best.  It  has  a  fitted 


“When  did  I  start  doing  this?  Let’s 
see  •  ...  I  believe  it  was  the  day  I 
told  my  wife  she  couldn’t  cook  worth 
a  darn.” 


midriff  and  gathered  skirt,  besides  a 
“cover-up”  bolero  which  makes  it  an 
all-purpose  costume. 

The  younger  girl  also  must  have  her 
sun-back  frock.  So  here  we  have  No. 
2906  with  its  comfortable  bolero.  A 
gay  small-figured  print  would  give  it 
a  real  vacation  touch. 

For  that  willowy  young  figure  the 
choice,  of  course,  would  be  a  long  torso 
dress  with  full,  billowy  skirt.  Pattern 
No.  3273  is  for  just  such  a  frock. 

The  smart  shirtwaist  frock,  No. 
4H-2508,  is  not  only  a  top-ranking 
style  for  everyone  but  is  also  the  new 
4-H  club  uniform.  Pastels  are  impor¬ 
tant  this  summer  and  and  would  en¬ 
hance  the  trim,  tailored  lines  of  this 
garment. 

For  the  very  young,  playclothes  are 
not  only  cunning  but  an  absolute 
necessity.  Outfit  No.  2954  includes 
sunsuit,  princess  dress  and  matching 
bonnet. 

A  pretty  pinafore  with  wings  is  pro¬ 
vided  for  ages  6  to  14.  No.  3374  made 
up  in  bright-colored  summer  cottons 
with  ruffles  set  in  the  armholes  would 
give  a  little  girl  something  to  remem¬ 
ber  when  she  is  older. 

—  a.  a.  — 

MENDING  LESSON  No.  6— 
Darning  with  Net 

By  MILDRED  CARNEY, 

Cornell  Clothing  Specialist 

Fine  net  may  be  used  to  reinforce 
thin  places  ,in  garments  or  places 
where  the  threads  have  slipped  out  of 
place  due  to  some  sudden  strain. 

1.  Push  the  threads  back  into  place 
and  press  to  hold  them  in  place 
while  they  are  being  reinforced. 

2.  Place  the  net  on  the  wrong  side, 
baste  into  place,  and  darn  down. 

3.  Use  a  fine  needle  and  ravelings  of 
the  garment  or  thread  of  the  same 
color.  If  the  -material  is  printed, 
use  thread  the  same  color  of  the 
predominating  color. 

Darn  so  that  the  stitches  which  show 
on  the  right  side  come  on  this  color. 
The  stitches  will  be  irregular  in  size 
and  longer  on  the  wrong  side  but  they 
will  show  less. 

Press  carefully. 

—  a.  a. — 

Money-Making;  Dolls 

I  have  found  the  making  of  bed  dolls 
an  interesting  and  profitable  way  of 
making  money. 

The  material  required  is  a  ten  cent 
celluloid  doll,  a  small  can  of  gilt  paint, 
and  two  rolls  of  crepe  paper.  Any  col¬ 
ors  may  be  used,  but  usually  that  de¬ 
pends  on  the  color  scheme  of  the  cus¬ 
tomer’s  bedroom. 

The  first  step  in  making  one  of  these 
dolls  is  to  sew  the  ends  of  the  two 
rolls  of  paper  together  to  form  the 
skirt.  Next  run  a  puckering  string 
through  one  entire  length  of  paper,  un¬ 
til  it  is  the  size  of  doll’s  waist.  Pin 
this  in  place  with  common  pins  stuck 
into  the  doll.  Then  turn  up  the  bottom 
edge  of  the  paper  about  four  inches, 
stretch  the  paper  with  the  thumb  and 
forefinger,  fluting  the  edge  of  the  en¬ 
tire  distance  around;  then  trim  with 
gilt  paint.  A  girdle  may  be  made  of  a 
strip  of  paper  about  two  inches  wide, 
and  have  streamers  attached.  These 
also  may  be  trimmed.  If  desired,  a 
small  hat  may  be  made  or  even  an  um¬ 
brella  may  be  used.  The  latter  requires 
a  sucker  stick,  half  a  dozen  tooth 
picks,  glue  and  more  crepe  paper. 
The  umbrella  may  be  secured  to  the 
hands  by  sewing  fast. 

The  finished  doll  is  very  attractive 
and  can  be  used  for  a  decoration,  or 
even  put  to  a  practical  use  by  keeping 
your  pajamas  or  nightgown  under  it 
during  the  daytime.  —  Olive  Flood, 
Milan,  Pa. 


/He  and  mom  ?  You  bet  were  for 
Swan!  It's  mild  as  the  finest 
imported  ca stiles!  And  suds  so 
fast  in  this  hard  water —its 
grand  for  everything! 


Good  brisk  lather— and 
plenty  of  it— even  in 
hard  water!  Gosh!  this 
is  a  man's  idea  of  a  bath! 


Imagine  a  soap  so  gentle  and  good  to  hands 
being  so  sudsy,  too  even  in  hard  water!  And, 
say _  those  Swan  suds  last  and  last-  do  more 
diBessfor  my  pennies  than  ^rntf**** 
old-style  floating  soaps!  ^r\ 


Two  convenient  sizes 
—  Large  and  Regular 


v  Guaranteed  by  r! 
Good  Housekeeping 

Jk.  ir  oir Ecnvt  ott  > 

S&8h^4oytBnstD 


the  baby -gentle l 
floating  soap  WM 
that’s  a  sudsin ’  whiz! 


Nm!  A  baby-gentle  floating  soap 


TUNE  IN:  GRACIE  ALLEN,  GEORGE  BURNS,  PAUL  WHITEMAN.  See  local  paper  for  time— station 


(324  )  22 


A)  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


Back  to  Barter 


By  Homey**  Besisuy 


THE  BEST  thing  to  do  with  a  per¬ 
sistently  broody  hen  is  to  swap 
with  a  neighbor  who  wants  a  broody 
hen.  The  best  way  to  get  along  on  a 
small  farm  when  prices  soar  beyond 
your  reach  is  to  get  along  without. 
The  price  of  an  article  is  of  small  con¬ 
sequence  if  you  don’t  buy  it  or  don’t 
sell  it. 

Those  profundities  are  not  offered 
for  the  acceptance  or  guidance  of  any¬ 
body  else.  They  are  set  down  merely 
to  indicate  the  direction  in  which  our 
economic  thought  is  trending  under 
the  stress  of  war,  shortages,  and 
scrambled  price  conditions. 

A  long  time  ago,  we  studied  political 
economy.  We  weren’t  much  good  in 
it  at  the  time,  and  have  since  forgotten 
most  of  the  things  we  were  taught. 
This  may  not  be  wholly  a  misfortune, 
for  most  of  the  principles  we  recall 
now  appear  to  be  of  dubious  authen¬ 
ticity  when  tested  against  conditions 
as  they  exist  up  our  road. 

There  are  a  great  many  different 
ways  in  which  to  run  a  farm,  including 
the  right  way.  But  most  farmers, 
even  when  they  know  what  the  right 
way  is,  have  to  run  the  place  the  best 
way  they  can  and  let  it  go  at  that. 

Our  farm  is  just  a  little  place — 65 
acres — not  big  enough  to  justify  capital 
outlay  for  mechanized  equipment.  In 
the  six  years  we’ve  been  on  the  place, 
my  wife  and  I  have  always  operated 
in  the  old-fashioned  way  with  horses, 
bare  hands,  and  a  yo-heave-ho,  with 
the  general  assumptions  that  we 
couldn’t  lose  much  money  if  we  never 
spent  any;  that  if  we  took  good  care 
of  a  good  farm  now,  the  farm  might 
some  day  take  good  care  of  us;  and 
that  while  crops  were  important,  the 
land  was  more  important.  Never  hav¬ 
ing  gone  up  very  high,  we’ve  never  had 
very  far  to  fall,  and  we’ve  traveled 
along,  so  far,  the  same  way  the  dog 


TWO  WEEKS 
IIV  CAMP! 

Leadership  Training  for 
One  A.  A.  Reader 

AST  SUMMER  Donald  Meyer 
of  Stanley,  New  York,  spent 
two  weeks  at  Camp  Miniwanca, 
Shelby,  Michigan,  as  the  guest  of 
American  Agriculturist.  Two 
years  ago  the  experience  was 
enjoyed  by  Arnold  Davis  of  East 
Corinth,  Maine.  The  same  trip, 
with  all  expenses  paid,  is  avail¬ 
able  to  some  young  man  in  the 
Northeast  again  this  year.  Here 
is  how  he  will  be  chosen. 

If  you  are  between  the  ages 
17  and  22,  live  on  a  farm  or  are 
interested  in  farming,  write  us  a 
letter  right  away.  Include  in 
your  letter  the  date  of  your 
birth,  your  present  school  status 
if  you  are  still  in  high  school  or 
college,  and  a  brief  account  of 
your  experience  in  community  ac¬ 
tivities  and  leadership.  A  few  of 
the  outstanding  letters  will  be 
selected  for  a  further  check  be¬ 
fore  the  winner  is  chosen  to  at¬ 
tend  Camp  Miniwanca  from  Aug¬ 
ust  17  to  30. 

Although  you  will  have  plenty 
of  fun  at  Camp  Miniwanca,  it  is 
not  primarily  a  vacation.  It  is 
rather  a  two  weeks’  training 
course  in  leadership.  That  is 
why  American  Agriculturist  Is 
interested  in  sending  one  of  its 
young  readers  and  that  is  why  the 
basis  for  selection  is  past  leader¬ 
ship  experience  and  participa¬ 
tion  in  rural  organizations. 


went  to  Dover  —  leg  over  leg  and  one 
step  at  a  time. 

In  our  operation,  the  common  pro¬ 
cedure  has  been  to  consult  the  college 
bulletins,  talk  to  the  County  Agent, 
read  American  Agriculturist ,  divide  by 
six,  and  then  spin  ourselves  to  see  if 
we  came  up  heads  or  tails.  As  the 
natural  outcome  of  that  practice,  we 
are  now  running  our  farm  more  nearly 
.  the  way  it  was  run  in  the  presidency 
of  Andrew  Jackson,  I  suppose,  than  it 
has  been  run  at  any  time  since.  If  we 
keep  on  at  our  current  rate  of  progress 
rearward,  it  looks  as  if  we’d  be  back 
to  Thomas  Jefferson  before  it’s  time  to 
cut  corn. 

And  there  are  Worse  ways  —  worse 
ways  for  us,  anyhow.  We  have  a  good 
woodlot,  but  no  tractor  or  buzz  saw. 
Our  neighbor  has  a  tractor  and  buzz 
saw,  but  no  woodlot.  As  in  the  days 
of  Andrew  Jackson,  both  of  us  now 
have  our  sheds  full  of  wood  without  a 
nickel  having  changed  hands.  When 
we  need  to  buy  a  new  piece  of  equip¬ 
ment,  we  mend  the  old  one.  Just  as 
our  predecessor  on  the  land  did  in-  the 
consulship  of  Jefferson,  we  take  our 
grist  to  the  mill  and  bring  it  home  as 
meal,  except  for  the  part  the  miller 
keeps  for  pay. 

All  winter  we’ve  been  talking  about 
fencing  off  a  piece  of  pasture  so  we 
could  turn  the  stock  from  one  part  to 
another  from  time  to  time  and  give 
the  grass  a  rest  now  and  then.  We 
fully  intended  to  do  that  right  up  to 
the  time  we  talked  to  the  man  at  the 
store  about  the  price  of  fencing  and 
wire  and  staples;  about  the  chances 
of  getting  some  at  any  price.  Then  we 
changed  our  mind,  and  built  a  pole 
fence,  cutting  the  poles  from  a  hedge 
row  we’d  intended  to  clean  out  last 
winter  (and  never  quite  got  around  to) 
and  fastening  them  to  the  posts  with 
pieces  of  old  baling  wire.  It’s  no  great 
shakes  of  a  fence,  and  probably  won’t 
last  more  than  three  or  four  years. 
But  it  does  the  business  and  it  didn’t 
cost  a  nickel.  And  perhaps  by  the 
time  it  has  to  be  replaced,  metal  will 
be  so  rare  that  we’ll  all  be  back  to 
splitting  rails  and  building  worm  fence, 
or  stake  and  rider. 

Two  years  ago  when  we  began  to 
see  clearly  the  direction  in  which  we 
were  drifting,  my  wife  and  I  talked 
it  over  and  decided  that  if  we  were 
really  put  to  it  in  a  pinch,  all  we’d 
have  to  do  to  get  along  without  any 
money  for  a  considerable  period  would 
be  to  learn  to  cut  each  other’s  hair,  stop 
smoking  cigarettes,  and  dicker  with  the 
man  down  to  the  corners  to  pay  for 
gasoline  with  potatoes.  That’s  the  way 
it  looked  two  years  ago.  But  now  it 
seems  probable  that  the  gasoline  ele¬ 
ment  may  depart  from  our  economic 
and  agricultural  problem  all  by  itself 
and  without  our  having  to  bother. 

When  the  car  has  to  be  put  up  for 
good,  I  guess  I  can  learn  to  ride  a 
horse  again  and  somehow  navigate 
him  to  the  mill  with  a  sack  of  grist  in 
front  and  another  behind.  It  is  true 
that  I  now  weigh  vastly  more  than  I 
did  on  the  previous  occasion  when  I 
last  rode  a  horse,  but  all  profound 
thinkers  on  the  farm  problems  of  the 
moment  will  see  instantly  that  the 
only  one  who  really  has  to  worry  about 
that  is  the  horse. 

It  is  a  fantastic  thing  that  under  the 
exigencies  of  war,  six  months  have 
sufficed  to  drive  us  back  a  full  century 
in  our  economic  thought  and  in  some 
of  our  farm  practice  —  back  from  a 
money  economy  to  a  barter  economy; 
from  automotive  transportation  to  heel 


and  toe;  from  gas  engines  to  hands 
and  horses. 

It  would  be  even  more  fantastic  if, 
in  the  chaos  that  is  being  thrust  upon 
us,  the  small  farmer  of  the  Northeast 
should  find  some  of  the  answers  to  the 
adverse  agrarian  conditions  against 
which  he  has  had  to  contend  for  dec¬ 
ades.  It  isn’t  too  likely  to  happen,  but 
it  might  —  it  might! 

Out  of  apparent  evil  sometimes 
springs  good.  Perhaps  conditions,  by 
no  means  of  our  own  choosing,  are 
forcing  us  to  do  what  we  should  have 
done  voluntarily  a  long  time  ago.  Per¬ 
haps  as  a  result  of  this  mess,  we’ll  see 
more  clearly  the  distinction  between 
money  and  wealth;  the  folly  of  buying 
in  a  retail  market  while  selling  in  a 
wholesale  one;  the  wisdom  of  getting 
along  without  and  never  buying  any¬ 
thing  for  money  that  we  could  raise 
ourselves  or  acquire  by  swapping  with 
the  neighbors. 

Nobody  really  knows  what  is  going 
to  happen  to  all  that  gold  buried  in  the 
soil  of  Kentucky — what  it  is  going  to 
be  worth — but  it  is  as  certain  as  any¬ 
thing  human  can  be  that  right  on  to 
the  end  of  time  ham  and  eggs,  sausage 
and  buckwheat  cakes,  bread  and  milk, 
chicken  and  biscuits  will  continue  to 
be  regarded  as  a  meal  of  victuals. 

— a.  a. — 

IS  THIS  A  SQUARE  DEAL? 

The  following  statement  on  the  un¬ 
fair  treatment  by  government  of  agri¬ 
culture  as  compared  to  labor  was  made 
by  Congressman  Clifford  R.  Hope  of 
Kansas,  and  printed  in  the  Congres¬ 
sional  Record  on  March  27.  It  is  a 
clear  and  fair  statement  of  an  unfair 
situation : 

“Mr.  Speaker,  what  is  sauce  for  the 
goose  ought  to  be  sauce  for  the  gander. 
Under  conditions  as  they  exist  today, 
prices  and  wages  in  this  country  are 
determined,  not  by  supply  and  demand 
but  by  governmental  action.  That  be¬ 
ing  true,  why  is  it  that  we  have  one 
policy  for  labor  and  another  for  agri¬ 
culture?  In  labor  governmental  poli¬ 
cies  are  along  the  line  of  increasing 
wages,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that 
every  such  increase  means  higher  costs 
for  our  war  effort  and  higher  taxes  for 
the  American  people.  In  agriculture 
the  policy  is  to  keep  prices  from  ad¬ 
vancing,  and  in  many  cases  to  reduce 
them.  In  the  case  of  labor,  if  a  man 
works  more  than  the  basic  40  hours  a 
week,  he  receives  an  increased  rate  of 
pay.  In  the  case  of  agriculture,  where 
the  basic  work  week  has  always  been 
70  or  80  hours,  if  a  farmer  works 
longer  and  harder  and  produces  more, 


The  Amateur  Poet’s 
Corner 


Because  of  the  number  of  contributions 
we  do  not  return  poems  not  published. 
Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

The  limit  in  length  is  sixteen  (16)  lines 
and  each  poem  submitted  for  this  corner 
must  be  original  and  tfie  work  of  an 
amateur  poet.  Therefore,  when  sending 
in  a  poem,  be  sure  to  state  whether  you 
are  the  author  of  it.  $2.00  will  be  paid 
for  each  one  printed.  Check  will  be  mail¬ 
ed  on  or  about  the  first  day  of  month 
following  publication. 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist,  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

M if  Little  Glass  Churn 

Swishing  away,  sloshing  away, 

Confusing  as  a  half-dreampt  dream; 
There’s  no  sound  more  melodic 
Than  spanking,  slapping  cream, 
Sloshing  away,  trying  to  say 
“My  music  sounds  like  the  sea." 
Cranking  away,  churning  away, 

Music  in  the  glass  chum  for  me. 
White  liquid  away!  There’s  gold  today! 

To  me,  science  will  never  utter 
More  profound  metamorphosis  than 
“Your  cream  has  turned  to  butter!" 

— Julia .  Cheney  Eddy, 

West  Brattleboro,  Vermont. 


his  prices  are  reduced. 

This  year,  with  the  farmer’s  whole 
family  working  longer  hours,  he  is 
producing  more  than  he  has  ever  pro¬ 
duced.  Why  are  farmers  doing  this? 
Because  their  Government  has  urged 
it  and  has  stated  that  greater  produc¬ 
tion  is  necessary  as  a  part  of  the  war 
effort,  yet  governmental  agencies  buy¬ 
ing  farm  products  are  reducing  the 
prices  paid,  and  almost  every  farm 
commodity  in  this  country  is  lower  to¬ 
day  than  it  was  when  the  Japs  made 
their  treacherous  attack  on  Pearl 
Harbor. 

“How  can  we  expect  to  have  unity 
in  this  country  when  the  Government 
itself  follows  the  policy  of  coddling 
labor  while  cracking  down  on  agricul¬ 
ture  ?  If  increased  pay  for  longer 
hours  is  a  good  thing  and  a  fair  thing 
for  industrial  labor,  why  is  it  not  a 
good  thing  and  a  fair  thing  for  farm¬ 
ers?  Why  should  not  agriculture  un¬ 
der  the  same  conditions,  be  given  the 
same  consideration?  We  all  know 
that  it  has  not  received  it.  Agricul¬ 
tural  prices  as  a  whole  have  not  reach¬ 
ed  parity.  Farmers  are  not  asking  to 
be  put  in  a  privileged  class.  They  do 
feel,  however,  that  there  should  be  no 
other  privileged  classes  in  times  like 
these." 


“Pa’s  gonna  have  to  move  a’fore  long.  One  stump  is  growing  faster  than 
t’other!” 


A.1  eriean  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


23  (  325) 


Aunt  tfanet’s  Favorite  Recipe 

OLD  FAVORITES  have  to  be  doctored  a  bit  these  days  in  order  to 
meet  the  sugar  shortage.  Since  rhubarb  is  rather  juicy,  the  addition 
of  corn  syrup  instead  of  sugar  calls  for  some  starchy  material  to  help 
absorb  the  juice.  If  honey  or  sugar  is  used,  the  bread  cubes  are  not 

necessary.  BAKED  RHUBARB—  (Old  Form) 

3  cups  rhubarb  cut  in  1"  lengths  —  1  cup  sugar 
(New  Form) 

3  cups  rhubarb  cut  in  1"  lengths 
%  cup  honey  OR  1  cup  corn  syrup  and  %  to  %  cup  sugar 
iy2  cups  lightly  toasted  bread  cubes  (optional) 

Wash  rhubarb  thoroughly,  cut  off  leaves  and  root  ends.  If  tender  do 
not  peel,  since  pink  skin  gives  delicate  pink  color  to  cooked  rhubarb. 
Line  casserole  with  toasted  bread  cubes:  add  rhubarb  mixed  with  the 
sweetening.  Bake,  covered,  in  a  moderate  oven  350°  F.  until  tender,  about 
45  minutes.  Three  or  four  minutes  before  removing  from  oven  take  off 
cover  to  brown  the  rhubarb  a  little.  Serve  hot  from  casserole. 

Variations:  (1)  Add  2  tablespoons  grated  orange  peel.  (2)  Add  juice, 
pulp  and  grated  rind  of  one  whole  orange,  %  teaspoon  of  cinnamon  and 
y2  teaspoon  of  mace.  Uncover  casserole  for  last  15  minutes  of  baking. 


Today  in 

Aunt  Janet's  Garden 


\ 


Early  Spring  Speeds 
Gardening 


MAY  ALWAYS  keeps  me  in  a  dith¬ 
er,  torn  between  the  desire  to  be 
outdoors  every  possible  minute  and  the 
dire  necessity  of  preparing  meals  or 
keeping  the  house  presentable. 

This  year’s  early  spring  gave  me  an 
extra  two  weeks  in  the  garden,  with 
the  result  that  the  whole  program  of 
planting  —  and  transplanting  — -  is  cor¬ 
respondingly  forward.  In  fact,  the 
perennials  are  all  set  to  go  with  the 
exception  of  the  new  seedlings  which 
are  still  in  flats  ready  for  their  last 
transplanting  outdoors  when  they  are 
large  enough.  The  young  delphiniums 
should  bloom  this  fall  if  they  do  not 
get  a  setback.  I  cannot  expect  bloom 
from  my  new  columbines  until  next 
spring. 

Any  transplanting  from  now  on 
probably  will  have  to  be  sheltered  from 
the  hot  sun  for  2  or  3  days,  especially 
in  the  middle  of  the  day.  For  this 
purpose  I  save  strawberry  baskets  for 
the  small  plants  and  peach  baskets  for 
the  larger  ones. 

A  thorough  watering  job  is  a  “must” 
when  plants  are  moved.  For  shrubs 
or  trees  the  water  supply  has  to  be 
watched  throughout  the  summer. 

One  of  the  garden  chores  which  I 
am  apt  to  skip  until  too  late  is  prun¬ 
ing  the  early  blooming  shrubs,  such  as 
lilacs  and  forsythias.  If  lilac  blooms 
are  used  for  cut  flowers,  this  is  a 
natural  way  of  pruning  the  bush,  if 
not,  the  old  flower  heads  should  be  re¬ 
moved  to  prevent  setting  seed — an  ex¬ 
hausting  business  for  next  year’s  flow¬ 
ers. 

In  the  case  of  forsythia  I  had  to  cut 
out  considerable  old  wood  clear  down 
to  the  ground.  This  is  easy  to  distin¬ 
guish  because  of  its  dark  color.  It  left 
some  ugly  gaps  at  first,  but  these 
plants  do  quite  a  little  filling  out  in  one 
season.  Next  year’s  flowers  will  be 
formed  on  this  year’s  wood,  and  if  the 
old  stuff  had  been  left  in  we  could  not 
expect  as  good  results  next  year. 

Now  that  the  ground  is  warm, 
dahlia  roots  may  be  set  out.  Each 
tuber  should  have  on  it  a  piece  of 
crown  with  a  bud.  The  buds  probably 
have  started  to  grow  by  now.  If  one 
wants  to  be  perfectly  sure  that  he  is 
not  planting  a  “dud,  ’  he  could  plant 
the  clumps  in  moist  sand  until  they 
show  indication  of  growth.  The  tubers 
should  be  planted  4  inches  deep  in  the 
garden  and  in  a  spot  where  they  will 
receive  plenty  of  sun.  Use  a  small 
amount  of  fertilizer  when  planting 
tubers,  then  give  them  more  about  the 
latter  part  of  July  or  the  first  of 


August,  at  the  time  when  they  need 
need  it  most. 

All  other  summer  bulbs  or  roots 
should  be  planted  soon,  gladioli  and 
some  of  the  less  familiar  ones  such  as 
summer  hyacinth,  Ismene  lily  or  Pe¬ 
ruvian  daffodil,  tigridia  and  mont- 
bretia.  A  few  new  things  to  watch 
for  each  year  add  a  lot  of  interest. 


Pe/i&otial  Pn,ablem& 


Should  Linda  Have  a 
Permanent? 

( Third  Letter  to  Linda) 

Dear  Lucile:  Thank  you  for  your  last 
letter  about  my  boy  friend  problems.  So 
far  I  haven’t  had  a  date  with  Carl,  but 
I’ve  found  out  that  he’s  a  sensible  town 
boy  without  any  feeling  of  superiority 
and  I  think  he’s  going  to  ask  me  to  be 
his  partner  at  our  next  dance.  If  he 
does,  I  think  I’ll  accept.  Not  that  I’m 
turning  against  Charles,  but  I  think  I 
should  have  a  date  with  Carl  if  I  want  to. 

Now  .  .  .  here’s  a  new  problem  that 
has. come  up.  This  dance  that  I  mention¬ 
ed  will  be  semi-formal,  and  my  mother 
and  I  disagree  about  my  clothes.  Of 
course,  I  realize  that  I’m  just  a  Fresh¬ 
man  and  can’t  dress  up  like  a  movie  star, 
but  I  do  want  a  permanent  wave  in  my 
hair  and  I  want  to  get  high  heeled  slip¬ 
pers.  Mother  says  “No”  to  these  things. 
The  other  girls  are  going  to  have  them. 
Don’t  you  think  Mother  is  old-fashioned? 
Shouldn’t  I  be  allowed  to  do  like  the 
other  girls? — Linda. 

I  wish  your  mother  had  written  me 
this  letter,  Linda,  for  I  could  have  said 
things  to  her  that  I  don’t  like  to  say 
to  you  to  say  to  her,  if  you  know  what 
I  mean. 

Yes  .  .  .1  think  you  should  have  a 
wave  in  your  hair,  and  high  heels. 
With  qualifications. 

I  know  how  all-important  it  is  for 
young  girls  to  “rvun  with  the  mob”  .  .  . 
that  is  dress  and  think  and  act  and 
talk  alike.  It’s  a  fate  worse  than  death 
to  any  young  teen-age  girl  to  have  to 
be  outside  the  charmed  circle  of  “alike- 
ness.”  (Later  on,  you’ll  see  the  value 
of  individuality,  but  just  now  the 


SUDDENLY 

By  Jesse  M.  Dowlin. 

A  broad  tone  drifted  all  around  — 
Looking,  I  saw  a  crow  had  found 
Our  pine  hill  once  again; 

From  the  nearby  pen 
Quite  throatily 

A  hen  and  chicks  now  talked  to  me. 


Neither  was  a  lovely  sound 
Like  bird  song,  but  the  ground 
Wore  a  golden  sunlight  shawl.  .  . 
And  suddenly 
I  heard  Spring  call! 


watchword  is  “Uniformity.”) 

A  mother  had  as  well  recognize  that 
fact  .  .  .  and  bowUo  it.  Her  child  actu¬ 
ally  suffers  and  is  often  cruelly  slight¬ 
ed  if  she  is  forced  by  strict  parental 
authority  to  be  “different.” 

On  the  permanent,  why  not  com¬ 
promise  on  an  end-curl?  This  can’t 
harm  your  hair  or  take  out  any  natural 
wave  that  you  may  have,  as  it  puts 
only  a  soft,  wide  wave  in  the  ends  and 
is,  in  fact,  very  becoming  to  girls  with 
long  shoulder  bobs. 

And  I  shouldn’t  advise  three-inch 
heels,  but  a  walking  or  military  height 
will  make  you  feel  inches  taller  after 
your  crepe-soled,  flat  saddle  shoes.  They 
make  very  pretty  dancing  sandals  in 
kid,  suede,  silver  and  gold  with  this 
type  of  heel.  In  fact,  many  grown¬ 
ups  wear  them  in  preference  to  the 
old,  uncomfortable  stilt-heels. 

I  don’t  like  to  back  a  girl  up  against 
the  opinions  expressed  by  her  mother, 
Linda,  but  in  all  fairness,  I  am  forced 
to  agree  with  you,  for  the  reasons  I 
have  given.  But,  now,  if  your  mother 
just  won’t  change  her  mind,  you  won’t 
let  it  make  you  bitter,  will  you?  Re¬ 
member,  we  can  always  be  bigger  than 
the  shoes  we  wear,  so  if  you  have  to  go 
to  the  dance  with  straight  hair  and 
flat  heels,  be  your  own  sparkling  self. 
Your  mother  is  so  fine  to  you  in  so 
many  other  ways  that  you  mustn’t 
take  this  too  seriously  to  heart. 

*  *  * 

Try  It  a  Bit  Longer 

Dear  Lucile :  I  have  been  married  a 
month  to  my  second  husband  and  we 
don’t  get  along.  He  finds  fault  with 
everything  I  do,  gets  mad  and  jealous. 

I  have  three  children  of  my  own ;  he  has 
two  still  at  home.  I  want  a  happy  home, 
but  don’t  believe  we  are  going  to  have 
one.  He  misrepresented  things  to  me  be¬ 
fore  we  were  married.  Could  I  have  the 
marriage  annulled  or  is  there  something 
I  can  do  to  make  our  home  happy — Wor¬ 
ried  Wife. 

I  do  not  believe  that  you  have  given 
your  marriage  a  long  enough  trial. 
You  say  you  have  been  married  only 
a  month.  Surely  that  is  not  long 
enough  to  get  adjusted  and  decide  past 
all  changing  that  you  want  to  call  the 
whole  thing  off. 

You  are  both  old  enough  to  be  able 
to  compromise,  where  necessary;  talk 
things  over  reasonably  and  try  to 
realize  the  happiness  and  satisfaction 
that  can  come  out  of  a  companionable 
marriage.  Surely,  if  you  try  hard, 
both  of  you,  you  can  bring  something 
out  of  what  now  may  look  like  a  mis¬ 
take.  Will  you  not  make  an  attempt 
before  you  break  up  your  home? 

Go  Where  They  Are 

Dear  Lucile :  I  am  26  years  old,  good- 
looking,  stylish,  .  .  and  lonesome.  I\ 
stay  home  nights  and  sew  to  amuse  my¬ 
self.  I  would  like  to  get  married.  I  want 
to  meet  someone  I  can  trust.  Should  I 
go  to  dances  ?  How  can  I  win  or  know 
other  people? — Lonesome. 

How  can  you  get  a  husband?  Well 
.  .  .  not  by  staying  home  every  night 
with  your  sewing.  In  order  to  catch 
fish,  you  must  go  where  there  are  fish, 
is  one  of  the  simplest  rules  to  ob¬ 
serve  if  you  are  a  fisherman.  The 
same  thing  is  true  of  husbands. 

Now  .  .  .  haven’t  you  any  girl  friend 
with  whom  you  can  go  to  dances  and 
parties?  At  26  you  are  old  enough 
to  know  how  to  act  and  wouldn’t  need 
a  chaperone.  If  you  went  around,  had 
a  good  time,  acted  pleasant  and  friend¬ 
ly,  along  with  your  good  looks  and 
style  (which  you  say  you  have)  young- 
men  would  surely  pay  you  attention. 
If  they  never  know  you’re  alive  .  .  . 
well,  what  can  you  expect? 


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7] 


DAVIS 

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for  my  copy  of  Davis  Master  | 
Pattern  Baking  Formulas, 

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State 


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S*  If  you  suffer  MONTHLY 

FEMALE  FAIN 

which  makes  you 

WEAK.GRJLNKY 

NerVOUS,  at  such  times,  when 
you’re  annoyed  by  backaches,  head¬ 
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periods  of  the  blues— due  to  func¬ 
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against  such  symptoms. 

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pecially  for  women.  Famous  for  over 
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When  writing  advertisers  he  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


ANY  MAN  MAY 
BE  PROUD  OF 
THIS  SERVICE 

TODAY,  more  than  ever,  the  insurance 
advisor  takes  an  important  place  in 
his  community.  The  uncertainty  of 
“after  war”  conditions  compels  every¬ 
one  to  give  deep  thought  to  the  pro¬ 
tection  of  their  family  and  loved  ones, 
and  it  is  here  that  the  help  of  an  in¬ 
surance  underwriter  is  urgently  needed. 

We  have  several  openings  in  our  or¬ 
ganization  for  men  between  the  ages  of 
25  and  45  who  are  interested  in  de¬ 
veloping  a  profitable  and  highly  re¬ 
spected  business  of  their  own.  Experi¬ 
ence  is  not  required.  However,  a  record 
of  success  in  farming  or  any  other 
enterprise  will  be  helpful. 

Write  us,  giving  your  age,  and  outlining 
your  past  experience.  Address 

MARTIN  W.  LAMMERS 

Supt .  of  Agencies. 

FARMERS  AND  TRADERS 
LIFE  INSURANCE  CO. 


(Editors  Note  :  Please  do  not  ask  us 
to  give  you  Lonesome’s  name  or  address 
or  forward  letters  to  her.  Personal 
Problems  does  not  do  this.) 


HOME  OFFICE— SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 

Organized  in  1912  Assets  $11,190,834 


(323)  24 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


L.  B. 
SKEFFinGTOn 


ENERALLY  the 


JKEFfJ 
nOTEBOOK 


outlook  is  for  ucts.  Citrus  fruits,  bananas,  pine- 
large  crops  of  tree  fruits  in  the  apples  or  southern  and  western  ship- 


Northeast  this  year.  I  got  this  im¬ 
pression  at  a  meeting  of  the  executive 
committee  of  the  New  York  and  New 
England  Apple  Institute  in  New  York. 
Due  to  the  spell  of  unseasonably  warm 
weather,  blossoming  in  most  sections 
was  far  advanced  and  there  still  was 
possibility  of  poor  set  or  frost  damage. 

I  heard  no  “grouching,”  but  most  of 
the  men  said  they  were  working  hard¬ 
er  than  ever  and  were  hard  pressed  to 
keep  up.  Generally  favorable  weather 
recently  enabled  them  to  put  in  long 
days  and  get  g  lot  of  work  done.  “We 
will  work  harder,  stay  at  home  more 
and  attend  fewer  meetings,”  said  Presi¬ 
dent  John  Chandler  of  Sterling  Junc¬ 
tion,  Mass.  In  accordance  with  this 
sentiment,  the  executive  committee  de¬ 
cided  to  skip  its  June  meeting  and  to 
urge  members  to  mail  in  their  mem¬ 
bership  pledges  to  eliminate  as  far  as 
possible  highway  travel  by  committee¬ 
men  and  employees. 

To  Meet  in  Albany 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  institute 
will  be  held  in  Albany  on  July  7,  the 
first  time  in  New  York  State.  Albany 
was  picked  as  being  easily  accessible 
frbm  all  points  by  rail.  It  will  be  a 
“round-the-clock”  meeting.  The  execu¬ 
tive  committee  will  meet  in  the  morn¬ 
ing,  the  annual  membership  meeting 
will  be  held  in  the  afternoon  and  there 
will  be  a  forum  in  the  evening.  The 
following  morning  the  directors  will 
meet,  elect  officers,  adopt  the  budget 
and  wind  up  at  fioon. 

Restrictions  on  canning  and  manu¬ 
facturing  are  expected  to  make  it 
necessary  to  market  a  larger  percent¬ 
age  of  apples  in  fresh  form,  which  to¬ 
gether  with  reduced  retail  deliveries 
will  throw  a  larger  burden  on  the  in¬ 
stitute  to  promote  the  sale  of  fresh 
fruit.  It  was  reported  .that  Washing¬ 
ton  State  plans  to  double  its  apple  ad¬ 
vertising  tax  this  year,  and  that  other 
competing  products  will  step  up  their 
marketing  efforts.  “However,  I  feel 
our  apple  institute  is  in  good  position 
to  meet  all  these  problems,”  said 
Chandler.  “For  some  months  we  have 
seen  the  changed  conditions  coming 
and  we  have  made  all  our  plans  ac¬ 
cordingly.  We  have  had  years  of  com- 
tact  with  the  trade  and  our  work  is 
accepted.  We  feel  that  we  have  only 
to  increase  our  effort  and  to  recognize 
changed  conditions  in  order  to  do  our 
job.  How  well  we  are  able  to  do  it 
will  depend  in  the  long  run  upon  the 
support  we  receive  from  growers.” 

Program  for  Northeast 

As  a  result  of  suggestions  made  at 
the  March  meeting  in  Springfield,  E. 
Stuart  Hubbard  of  Poughkeepsie,  chair¬ 
man  of  the  institute’s  educational  com¬ 
mittee,  has  invited  all  commodity 
groups  to  join  in  a  promotional  cam¬ 
paign  for  the  things  we  produce  in  the 
Northeast. 

Here  is  the  way  Hubbard  explains: 
“In  considering  food  supplies  that  may 
be  depended  upon  in  our  Eastern  states, 
it  is  obvious  that  the  staples  we  can 
produce  here  are  available.  These  in¬ 
clude  apples,  potatoes,  cabbage,  car¬ 
rots,  onions,  some  pears  for  fall  and 
winter  use,  the  summer  fruits  and 
vegetables,  dairy  and  poultry  prod- 


ped-in  lettuce,  tomatoes  and  other  win¬ 
ter-grown  fresh  vegetables  are  not 
produced  here.  There  is  growing  evi¬ 
dence  that  transportation  will  be  inade¬ 
quate  to  carry  the  freight  needed  for 
war  and  domestic  use. 

“It  may  be  helpful  from  this  angle 
to  plan  to  use  as  fully  as  possible  the 
foods  that  are  grown  at  home  and 
which  have  been  customarily  in  the 
past  shipped  into  other  sections,  from 
which  we  also  import  food.” 

*  *  * 

Noie  for  John  L.  Lewis 

I  asked  a  farmer  what  he  thought 
of  the  movement  to  unionize  dairymen 
undertaken  by  John  L.  Lewis  and  the 
United  Mine  Workers.  “I  have  been 
expecting  that  an  organizer  would  call 
upon  me,”  he  said,  “and  I  am  ready. 
My  answer  will  be  to  get  my  shotgun 
and  say  ‘there  is  the  road;  this  is 
private  property.’  What  happens  next 
will  be  up  to  the  organizer.” 

Another  man  told  me  that  he  had  a 
shotgun  and  two  hunting  rifles.  “My 
son  and  I  have  talked  it  over.  We  are 
working  hard  and  doing  everything  we 
can  to  help  win  this  war.  We  are 
agreed  that  Lewis  means  only  trouble 
for  farmers.  If  his  agents  come  near 
us  we  will  run  them  off  the  place.” 

I  asked  a  feed  dealer  to  whose  place 
come  a  lot  of  farmers  if  he  had  heard 
any  such  sentiments.  “Plenty,”  he 
said.  “Some  of  these  farmers  have 
boys  in  the  service  and  they  look  upon 
Lewis  and  his  crowd  as  unpatriotic. 

I  don’t  believe  they  will  have  much 
patience  with  what  they  consider  an 
attempt  to  sabotage  agriculture  and 
the  war.” 

Farmers  I  have  met  apparently  have 
made  up  their  minds  and  they  are 
quite  calm  about  it.  One  of  these  men 
is  an  “independent”  and  for  years  has 
been  antagonistic  toward  certain  dairy¬ 
men’s  organizations.  Now  that  the 
showdown  has  come,  or  may  be  ap¬ 
proaching,  he  said  “farmers  should 
stand  together  against  Lewis  and  his 
gang.” 

*  *  * 

Included  In  Milk  Pool 

The  Appellate  Division  of  the  Su¬ 
preme  Court  has  upheld  the  inclusion 
of  Rochester  area  producer-distributors 
in  the  equalization  fund  pool.  Since 
they  were  included  in  the  pool  some 
months  ago,  by  action  of  Commission¬ 
er  Noyes  and  a  market- wide  referen¬ 
dum,  deductions  on  milk  of  the  pro¬ 
ducer-distributors  has  been  held  in 
escrow.  Whether  or  not  there  will  be 
further  appeal  has  not  been  announced. 
The  case  sets  a  precedent,  and  pos¬ 
sibly  a  pattern  for  including  producer- 
distributors  in  other  markets. 

*  *  * 

Aii  Idea  for  Dairymen 

I  have  a  letter  from  Harry  E.  Hovey, 
president  of  the  Market  Basket  Cor¬ 
poration  of  Geneva,  which  operates 
about  250  retail  stores.  I  pass  it  on: 
“I  have  an  idea  in  which  I  think  you 
will  be  interested.  It  pertains  to  pos¬ 
sibilities  of  a  big  milk-drinking  cam¬ 
paign  which  would  be  a  “natural”  at 
the  present  time. 

“Our  allotment  of  tea  has  been  cut 


to  50  per  cent  of  the  1941  supply  and 
coffee  to  75  per  cent.  This  means  that 
part  of  the  time  during  each  month 
stores  will  be  out  of  these  items.  Soft 
drinks  will  be  very  short  of  supply  be¬ 
cause  of  lack  of  sugar.  What  an  op¬ 
portunity  to  start  a  big  campaign  on 
drinking  ice-cold  milk  at  home,  in  the 
hotels,  restaurants,  soda  bars,  and  all 
the  other  places  where  carbonated 
drinks  are  sold.  It  could  include  all 
the  drinks  made  from  milk.  Back  to 
the  greatest  and  most  healthful  drink 
of  all — milk!” 

It  seems  to  me  that  the  milk  inter¬ 
ests  should  go  to  town  on  this. 

*  *  * 

New  Era  for  Research  * 

Appointment  of  Dr.  A.  J.  Heinicke, 
head  of  the  pomology  department  at 
Cornell,  to  be  director  of  the  Geneva 
Experiment  Station  is  considered  a  di¬ 
rect  fruition  of  the  unity  and  coopera¬ 
tion  that  has  been  developing  between 
Cornell  and  Geneva.  The  retiring  di¬ 
rector,  Dr.  P.  J.  Parrott,  has  made  a 
notable  contribution  to  this  harmonious 
relationship. 

Some  years  ago  there  was  a  feeling 
of  rivalry  between  the  two  institutions 


DR.  A.  J.  HEINICKE 

and  each  had  its  backers  among  farm¬ 
ers.  There  was  some  resentment 
against  placing  the  Geneva  station  un¬ 
der  the  Cornell  board.  But  in  recent 
years  there  has  come  to  be  a  new  con¬ 
cept  of  the  farm  research  program, 
and  Dean  Carl  E.  Ladd  can  be  given  a 
large  measure  of  credit.  For  several 
years  there  have  been  appeals  from 
farm  groups  to  strengthen  and  unify 
the  whole  farm  research  program,  even 
to  the  extent  of  making  shifts  between 
Cornell  and  Geneva  to  eliminate  any 
possible  duplication  or  wasted  effort. 

After  a  study  of  several  years,  and 
consulting  with  hundreds  of  farmers 
and  farm  organization  groups,  Dean 
Ladd  recommended  Dr.  Heinicke  for 
the  post.  The  intimation  is  that  Gen¬ 
eva  is  to  be  developed  as  a  great  hor¬ 
ticultural  station,  specializing  in  fruit, 
vegetables,  food  processing,  crop  utili¬ 
zation,  etc.,  and  that  dairy  work  and 
possibly  some  other  activities  may  be 
concentrated  at  Cornell. 

*  *  * 

City  Help  for  Farms 

“Hand  for  Victory”  is  the  name  of  a 
new  organization  started  in  Rochester 
to  organize  city  business  men  to  assist, 
farmers  hard  pressed  for  labor.  Sixty 
service  clubs  and  organizations  par¬ 
ticipated  in  the  initial  meeting.  The 
matter  had  been  discussed  informally 
for  some  time  with  a  Farm  Bureau 
group  and  the  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

It  is  expected  to  carry  the  organiza¬ 
tion  to  other  parts  of  the  state  and  en¬ 
roll  perhaps  10,000  men.  The  idea  is 
that  members  would  close  their  offices 
early,  give  up  Saturdays  or  Sundays, 


as  well  as  their  vacations,  to  work  on 
farms.  It  would  be  considered  a  patri¬ 
otic  service,  rather  than  work  for  pay. 

The  idea  has  been  greeted  with  ap¬ 
plause  and  skepticism.  Some  think  the 
city  business  men  cannot  “take  it.” 
However,  many  of  them  came  from 
farms  and  have  an  idea  of  what  it  is 
all  about.  It  is  believed  that  the  re¬ 
cruiting  of  city  men  may  help  to  meet 
many  emergencies,  such  as  fruit  pick¬ 
ing.  Certainly  it  should  help  to  ac¬ 
quaint  members  with  farmers’  prob¬ 
lems,  and,  as  one  man  put  it,  “we  may 
as  well  begin  rehearsing  to  meet  even 
greater  needs  that  may  come.” 

*  *  * 

Youfli  and  the  Peace 

“Up  to  now  it  is  largely  old  men 
who  make  wars  and  make  peace,”  Dr. 
C.  B.  Smith,  former  4-H  leader  in  the 
U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  told 
a  20th  anniversary  celebration  of  4-H 
in  Monroe*  County.  “I  propose  that 
youth  which  fights  the  wars  should  be 
given  a  voice  in  the  peace.” 

Elmer  B.  Fuller,  country  club  lead¬ 
er  for  20  years  in  Monroe  County,  was 
the  honored  guest  and  was  presented 
with  a  mahogany  desk  for  his  home. 
The  club  members  who  had  represent¬ 
ed  the  county  in  state  and  national 
contests  and  demonstrations  during  the 
past  20  years  were  guests  of  the  Gan¬ 
nett  newspapers. 

—  A.  A. — 

MILK  RACKETEERS 
CONVICTED 

In  General  Sessions  Court  in  New 
York  City  on  May  1,  nine  men  were 
convicted  of  extorting  $157,000  from  in¬ 
dependent  milk  dealers  and  truckers. 
It  is  expected  that  Judge  Janies  Gar¬ 
rett  Wallace  will  impose  long  prison 
sentences  on  the  defendants. 

District  Attorney  Frank  Hogan  stat¬ 
ed  that  “the  verdict  ridded  the  state 
of  one  of  the  most  subtle  rackets  our 
office  has  ever  encountered.” 

— a.  a. — 

BARGAINING  AGENCY 
REQUESTS  HEARING 

In  the  May  9  issue  we  gave  you  a  re¬ 
port  of  the  meeting  of  dairy  coopera¬ 
tives  in  Utica.  At  that  meeting  a  re¬ 
quest  was  made  for  a  hearing  on  the 
New  York  City  Milk  Marketing  Order 
to  consider  reinstating  diversion  pay¬ 
ments. 

On  Tuesday,  May  5,  delegates  of  the 
Producers’  Bargaining  Agency  met  at 
Syracuse.  They  confirmed  the  action 
taken  at  Utica  by  cooperatives,  and 
also  sent  similar  hearing  requests  to 
Secretary  Wickard  and  Commissioner 
Noyes. 

—  A.  A. — 

DAIRYMEN’S  LEAGUE 
ANNUAL  MEETING 

The  23rd  Annual  Meeting  of  the 
Dairymen’s  League  Cooperative  Asso¬ 
ciation,  Inc.,  will  be  held  at  Buffalo  on 
June  18.  The  meeting  will  be  held  at 
Kleinhans  Music  Hall  at  Normal 
Avenue  and  Pennsylvania  Street. 

John  Brandt,  President  of  Land 
O’Lakes  Creamery,  Minneapolis,  Min¬ 
nesota,  will  be  the  guest  speaker.  Mr. 
Brandt  is  also  President  of  the  Na¬ 
tional  Cooperative  Milk  Producers’ 
Federation. 

This  will  be  a  one-day  meeting,  and 
the  usual  meeting  of  the  Home  Depart¬ 
ment,  held  the  previous  day,  will  be 
omitted.  Home  Department  reports  will 
be  made  at  the  regular  business  ses¬ 
sion  on  Thursday.  However,’  on  Wed¬ 
nesday  evening  there  will  be  a  dinner 
and  program  under  the  direction  of 
the  Young  Cooperators  of  the  League. 

The  last  meeting  of  the  1941-42 
Board  of  Directors  will  be  held  on  Wed¬ 
nesday,  the  day  before  the  meeting; 
and  the  new  Board  will  organize  for  its 
first  meeting  on  Friday  following  the 
annual  meeting. 


Ai  erican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


'AG  (327) 


*JAe  Market  lian&met&i 


APRIL  MILK  PRICES 

Administrator  Cladakis  has  announc¬ 
ed  the  April  uniform  milk  price  for  the 
New  York  area  as  $2.30  a  hundred. 
This  is  13c  below  the  March  price,  but 
43c  above  April,  1941.  The  volume  of 
milk  going  into  the  New  York  pool  was 
4.8%  above  April  last  year,  and  the 
total  value  of  the  pool  is  $14,437,520.09. 

Administrator  Lasher  of  the  Buffalo 
market  announces  the  April  uniform 
price  as  $2.46.  Producers  who  deliver 
direct  to  plants  get  an  additional  15c. 

Administrator  Clough  of  the  Ro¬ 
chester  milk  marketing  area  announces 
a  uniform  price  for  April  of  $2.52.  Pro¬ 
ducers  delivering  direct  to  plants  get 
an  additional  20c  a  hundred. 

— a.  a. — 

MILK  FIGURES 

Recently  J.  O.  Eastlack,  Vice-Presi¬ 
dent  of  Borden’s  Farm  Products,  talk¬ 
ed  to  a  class  in  milk  marketing  at  the 
New  York  State  College  of  Agricul¬ 
ture.  Here  are  a  few  of  the  facts  he 
mentioned: 

In  the  New  York  City  Milk  Shed 
about  100,000  dairymen  deliver  milk 
daily  to  481  country  plants  approved 
under  the  Milk  Marketing  Order.  In 
1941  average  daily  shipments  to  New 
York  City  were  106,329  40-quart  cans 
of  milk  and  3,977  40-quart  cans  of 
cream.  For  the  year,  total  volume  of 
milk  shipped  under  the  Federal-State 
Orders  was  6,090,833,895  lbs. 

Figures  show  that  one  of  the  prin¬ 
cipal  factors  in  the  cost  of  handling 
milk  at  country  plants  is  the  volume. 
One  plant  handling  376  cans  a  day, 
handled  milk  at  a  cost  of  $.124  a  hun¬ 
dred.  Another  plant  handling  175  cans 
found  that  it  cost  $.226  a  hundred. 

—  a.  a. — 

USED  EGG  CASE  PRICES 

The  Office  of  Price  Administrator  at 
Washington  has  issued  a  price  order 
on  used  egg  cases  which  became  effec¬ 
tive  April  23.  Previous  to  that  date,  a 
temporary  order  was  in  effect,  but  the 
general  impression  was  that  it  did  not 
work  too  well.  The  permanent  order 
will  be  enforced.  It  is  particularly  im¬ 
portant  that  .anyone  dealing  in  used 
egg  cases  understand  the  provisions  of 
the  order,  but  buyers  too  should  have 
a  general  understanding  of  it  and 
should  report  prices  which  they  believe 
are  violations  of  the  order  to  the  Office 
of  Price  Administration,  Washington, 
D.  C.,  or  to  the  nearest  field  or  region¬ 
al  office  of  the  Administration. 

Anyone  who  reconditions  and  sells 
used  egg  cases  or  parts  of  them  is  re¬ 
quired  to  attach  a  paper  label  to  the 
case  or  parts  stating  that  it  or  they 
have  been  reconditioned  and  giving  the 
name  and  location  of  the  person  who 
did  the  work. 

A  retailer  who  sells  used  egg  cases 
to  a  producer  in  the  Northeast  can 
charge  a  maximum  of  around  30c  for 
a  complete  reconditioned  case.  Jules 
Cherniak  of  the  New  York  State  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture  and  Markets 
at  Albany  has  issued  a  summary  of  the 
order,  and  will  be  glad  to  send  copies 
as  long  as  they  are  available. 

— A.  A.— 

EGGS  FOR  OUR  ALLIES 

The  1942  production  goal  for  eggs 
is  4,200,000,000  doz.,  an  increase  of 
13%  over  the  record  1941  production. 
There  seems  little  doubt  that  the  goal 
will  be  met  and  will  provide  ordinary 
consumers  with  about  the  same  num¬ 
ber  of  eggs  as  consumed  a  year  ago; 
will  give  more  eggs  to  armed  forces 
than  they  ate  when  at  home;  and  will 


allow  large  amounts  of  eggs  to  be  ship¬ 
ped  to  our  allies.  W 

Early  in  1941  there  were  16  egg¬ 
drying  plants  in  the  country,  producing 
less  than  10,000,000  lbs.  of  dried  eggs 
a  year.  By  putting  these  plants  on  a 
year-round  operation  for  22  hours  a 
day,  production  was  stepped  up  to  from 
45,000,000  tov  50,000,000  lbs.  In  addi¬ 
tion,  about  70  new  plants  have  started 
operations,  making  our  present  capa¬ 
city  around  225,000,000  lbs.  of  dried 
eggs  a  year. 

A  case  of  shell  eggs  for  export 
weighs  around  60  lbs.  Its  equivalent  in 
dried  eggs  weighs  only  11  lbs.  Recent 
developments  have  stepped  up  our  al¬ 
lies’  needs  for  eggs  to  the  equivalent 
of  from  600,000,000  to  700,000,000  doz. 
eggs. 

For  the  week  ending  May  7,  New 
York  poultrymen  found  that  it  aver¬ 
aged  to  take  7.8  doz.  eggs  to  purchase 
100  lbs.  of  feed.  A  year  ago  it  took 
8.8  cloz.;  two  years  ago,  10.8  doz.  At 
about  the  same  time,  top  wholesale 
price  of  eggs  in  New  York  City  was 
31c;  a  year  ago,  24- %c;  two  years  ago, 
19y2c. 

—  A.  A. — 

WHEAT  QUOTAS 
APPROVED 

Wheat  farmers  all  over  the  nation 
on  May  2  approved  the  idea  of  wheat 
marketing  quotas  for  the  next  crop 
year.  A  two-thirds  favorable  vote  was 
necessary  to  put  marketing  quotas  in¬ 
to  effect.  In  New  York  State  a  small 
majority  favored  the  idea,  but  the 
favorable  vote  was  less  than  two- 
thirds.  However,  on  a  national  basis, 
about  80%  of  those  who  voted  favored 
marketing  quotas  and  therefore  they 
will  be  in  effect  for  the  coming  mar¬ 
keting  year. 

— a.  a. — 

NEW  YORK  WHEAT 

In  1941,  New  York  State  grew  6,642,- 
000  bushels  of  wheat,  but  less  than 
3,500,000  bushels  were  sold.  There 
were  2,657,000  bushels  fed  to  livestock, 
596,000  bushels  used  for  seed,  and  50,- 
000  bushels  made  into  flour  for  home 
use. 

— A.  A.— 

APPLES  MANUFACTURED 

The  State  Department  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  and  Markets  reports  that  nearly 
7  V2  million  bushels  of  New  York  State 
apples  from  the  1941  crop  were  made 
into  cider  or  were  canned  or  evapo¬ 
rated. 

Among  the  products  made  were  over 
a  million  gallons  of  apple  juice  in  can¬ 
ning  factories,  nearly  3  million  gallons 
of  cider,  and  over  3  million  pounds  of 
dried  apples.  In  addition,  over  244  mil¬ 
lion  bushels  of  apples  were  canned  or 
made  into  applesauce.  About  %  of  the 
apples  manufactured  last  fall  came 
from  western  New  York. 

—a.  a- — - 

DAIRY  PRODUCTS  FOR 
ENGLAND 

The  1942  goal  of  125,000,000,000  lbs. 
of  milk  is  expected 'to  be  utilized  as 
follows.  40,000,1)00,000  lbs.  for  city 
population  for  use  as  milk,  cream  and 
ice  cream;  25,000,000,000  lbs.  for  farm 
use  as  fluid  milk,  cream,  farm  butter, 
and  feed  for  calves;  60,000,000,000  lbs. 
to  be  made  into  butter,  cheese  and 
evaporated  milk. 

Since  January  1,  1942,  the  Agricul¬ 
tural  Marketing  Administration  has 
made  weekly  purchases  averaging 
about  1,000,000  cases  of  evaporated 
milk  9,000,000  lbs.  of  American  cheese, 
and  5,000,000  lbs.  of  dry  skim  milk. 

In  December,  1941,  production  of 


evaporated  milk  in  this  country  was 
93%  higher  than  a  year  ago;  produc¬ 
tion  of  American  cheese  about  50% 
higher  than  December,  1940;  and  pro¬ 
duction  of  creamery  butter  about  10% 
lower. 

Storage  stocks  of  butter  have  been 
running  higher  than  a  year  ago,  but 
production  has  been  less. 

— a.  a.  — 

A.  A.  ON  THE  RADIO 

Five  radio  stations  in  the  Northeast 
are  now  carrying  regularly  news  of 
articles  appearing  in  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  and  the  services  which  the 
Farm  Paper  of  the  Northeast  is  per¬ 
forming.  Make  a  habit  of  listening  in 
regularly  to  the  station  nearest  you. 
Here  is  a  schedule: 

WHCU,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  at  870  on  your 
dial,  7:14  A.  M.,  daily  except 
Sunday. 

WHAM,  Rochester  N.  Y.,  at  1180  on  your 
dial,  6:45  A.  M.,  daily  except 
Sunday. 

WBTA,  Batavia,  N.  Y.,  at  1490  on  your 
dial,  8:20  A.  M.  and  12:05  P.  M., 
daily  except  Sunday. 

WKNE,  Keene,  N.  H.,  at  1290  on  your 
dial,  daily  except  Sunday 
WTRY,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  at  980  on  your  dial, 
daily  except  Sunday. 

— A.  A. — 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS  SALE 
AVERAGES  §393.75 

At  the  Sixth  Annual  Sale  of  the 
Eastern  Aberdeen- Angus  Breeders,  at 
the  College  of  Agriculture,  Ithaca,  on 
May  11,  sixty-four  animals  \yere  sold 
at  an  average  price  of  $393.75.  The 
average  of  last  year’s  sale  was  $384. 
Top  cow  was  Rolling  Ridge  Blackbird 
6th,  consigned  by  Rolling  Ridge  Farms 
of  Danboro,  Pa.,  and  purchased  by  E. 
L.  Volker  of  Buffalo  for  $1,350.  Be¬ 
fore  the  sale  all  of  the  animals  were 
placed,  and  this  cow  was  named  as 
Grand  Champion  Female  of  the  show. 

The  Reserve  Champion  Female  was 
Bethel  Glenda  2nd,  consigned  by  Bethel 
Farms  of  Pine  Plains,  N.  Y.,  and  she 
brought  $900. 

Two  bulls  brought  $1,000  each. 
Dunwalke  Ensign  2nd,  owned  by  Dun- 
walke  Farms  of  Far  Hills,  N.  J.,  was 
named  Grand  Champion  Bull  of  the 
show,  and  was  purchased  by  S.  H. 
Knox  of  East  Aurora,  N.  Y.  Rolling 
Ridge  Queener  2nd,  consigned  by  Roll¬ 
ing  Ridge  Farms,  was  purchased  by 
S.  B.  Hopps  of  Solebury,  Pa. 

The  bulls  in  the  sale  averaged  to 
bring  $660;  the  cows,  $371.  There  was 
a  large  number  of  young  heifers  in  the 
sale,  which  tended  to  bring  down  the 
average. 

A  large  crowd  attended,  and  there 
was  a  good  sprinkling  of  buyers. 


WGY  Farm 
PROGRAMS 


-A.A.- 


FOOD  COSTS 


In  March  of  this  year  the  city  con¬ 
sumer  averaged  to  spend  18%  of  his 
income  for  food.  In  1929  the  same  food 
would  have  cost  21%  of  his  income, 
and  in  1933,  24%,  showing  that  food 
costs  are  still  low  compared  to  1929. 

In  1942  the  farmer  received  about 
51%  of  the  consumer’s  dollar,  while  in 
1929  the  farmer  received  about  47  % 
of  the  consumer’s  dollar.  These,  of 
course,  are  average  figures.  The  price 
spread  between  the  producer  and  the 
consumer  is,  in  general,  largest  on 
perishable  commodities.  At  least  the 
figures  show  some  improvement  in  cut¬ 
ting  down  the  cost  of  marketing. 

—  A.  A.  —  x 

HELP  WANTED! 

It  is  unnecessary  to  tell  any  ■farm 
owner  that  help  is  scarce.  The  U.  S. 
Employment  Service  is  doing  its  part 
to  bring  available  workers  and  employ¬ 
ers  together.  Over  the  entire  country, 
they  have  1,500  full-time  offices  and 


Daily  except  Sunday,  12:30  p.  m.  Weath¬ 
er  Report. 

Daily  except  Sunday,  12:31  p.  rr>.,  N.  Y. 
State  Wholesale  Produce  Markets. 

Daily  exc.  Sat.  and  Sun.,  6:10  p.  m.,  N. 
Y.  City  Wholesale  Produce  Market. 

Monday  only,  12:34  p.  m.,  Metropolitan 
Milk  Market  Report. 

This  schedule  subject  to  change  without 
notice. 

Monday,  May  25th 

12:35 — “Some  Interesting  Facts  Disclos¬ 
ed  by  the  Census,”  Dr.  R.  A.  Poison. 

12:45 — “Public  Welfare  and  Farm 
Prices,”  Earl  B.  Clark. 

Tuesday,  May  26th 

12:35 — “Green  Carpets  Around  the 
House,”  S.  H.  Fogg. 

12:45 — Homemaker’s  Council.  To  be  an¬ 
nounced. 

Wednesday,  May  27th 

12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“The  Farmers  Partner  in  Wartime,”  Ed 
W.  Mitchell. 

12 :45 — Countryside  Talk,  K.  D.  Scott. 

Thursday,  May  28th 

12:35 — “An  Orchard  Mulch  May  Save  a 
Crop,”  A.  T.  Williams. 

12:45 — Agricultural  Adjustment,  Ad¬ 
ministration. 

Friday,  May  29th x 

12:35 — “The  Department  at  Work,”  Fos¬ 
ter  Potter. 

12:45— The  Home  Efficient,  “A  Drink  for 
the  Motor,”  S.  M.  Bishop. 

Saturday,  May  30th 

Holiday — No  Program. 


over  3,000  part-time  offices.  Your 
County  Agent  will  be  glad  to  tell  you 
the  location  of  the  nearest  office. 

Already  about  1,300  men  in  New 
York  City  with  actual  farm  experience 
have  indicated  their  willingness  to 
work  on  farms. 

Headquarters  for  New  York  State 
are  at  342  Madison  Avenue,  New  York 
City;  and  Richard  Brockway  is  Direc¬ 
tor  of  the  U.  S.  Employment  Service 
for  New  York  State. 

—  A.  A. — 

COMMERCIAL  GROWERS 
CONCERNED 

( Continued  from  Page  12) 

foolish  expansion.  Many  of  our  mar¬ 
ket  vegetable  producers  expect  the  ex¬ 
perience  of  World  War  I  to  be  repeat¬ 
ed.  Their  reaction  at  that  time  was 
that  the  War  Garden  urge  had  done 
little  harm  and  much  good,  and  this 
would  be  especially  true  as  the  drive 
is  being  conducted  today.  Here  are  the 
reasons : 

First,  it  is  country  gardens  that  are 
being  promoted  and  country  gardens 
do  not  materially  hurt  the  market. 

Second,  the  strong  emphasis  on  the 
nutritive  value  of  vegetables  and  on 
our  need  for  this  kind  of  food  is  power¬ 
ful  advertising  for  the  commercial 
growers  and  is  building  up  appreciation 
of  this  sort  of  food. 

Third,  when  city  people  gain  a  bit  of 
experience  in  growing  vegetables  they 
are  speedily  convinced  that  the  market 
offers  a  cheap  and  easy  way  to  get 
food. 

Fourth,  the  public  buying  power  is 
away  up.  This  always  results  in  in¬ 
creased  consumption  of  miscellaneous 
vegetables. 


So,  it  is  probable  that  commercial 
growers  will  face  competition  as  usual, 
that  there  will  be  some  over-supply  at 
they  peak  of  the  season,  but  that  they 
will  be  able  to  sell,  to  better  advantage 
than  usual,  most  of  the  vegetables  that 
they  can  find  labor  to  grow  and  har¬ 
vest. 

— A.  a. — 

BROWN  SWISS  COWS  AVERAGE 
$175  AT  BURNUP  SALE 

At  the  Robert  D.  Burnup  Brown 
Swiss  Sale,  held  at  Black  River  on  May 
9,  32  cows  sold  averaged  approximately 
$175.  The  top  cow  was  Althea  of  Green 
Meadows,  a  four  year  old  at  $245. 


(328)  26 


Kernels,  Screenings 
and  Chaff 

By  H.  E.  BABCOCK 


FOR  MONTHS  I  have  been 
warning  the  readers  of  this 
page  that  the  first  service  which 
would  break  down  in  a  war 
economy  would  be  transportation. 

Most  readers  have  assumed  that 
by  transportation,  I  meant  rail 
transportation.  I  did,  too,  when  I 


the  Northeast.  Personally,  I  feel  there 
is  too  much  risk  in  turning  out  15  cent 
steer  calves  or  14  cent  heifer  calves  on 
our  northeastern  pastures.  After  all, 
we  are  only  sure  of  two  months  of 
good  grazing,  then  we  are  in  the  hands 
of  the  weather. 

As  a  result  of  what  I  saw,  I  did  not 
buy  any  calves  for  our  farms  nor  do  I 


'-*'**»/  AWA  OUi  ACtJLJLllO  llVJi  UU  J. 

first  began  to  worry  about  the  prob-  feel  that  I  can  recommend  or  help  any 


lem  and  I  want  to  confess  right  here 
and  now  that  I  expected  it  to  crack 
before  this. 

( 

Tribute  to  Railroads 

Instead  of  breaking  down,  how¬ 
ever,  rail  transportation  has  if  any¬ 
thing  improved.  I  want  to  take  this 
means  of  paying  most  sincere  tribute 
to  the  management  and  men  of  our 
railroads  who  have  done  and  are 


readers  of  this  page  to  buy  range 
calves  this  spring. 

I  did  bargain  for  my  supply  of  calves 
next  fall  but  the  price  was  left  open. 
I  am  afraid  that  the  price  is  going  to 
be  so  high  that  it  will  make  me  gasp 
to  pay  it,  but  I  am  committing  my¬ 
self  to  take  on  at  least  a  carload. 

A.\  UNSUCCESSFUL 
EXPERIMENT 


Throughout  the  six  months  or  so 
that  we  have  been  feeding  our  Leg¬ 
horn  flocks  in  this  manner  our  results 
have  been  on  the  whole  unfavorable. 
During  periods  we  have  had  very 
satisfactory  production,  then  we  have 
had  slumps  and  birds  going  out  of 
production  for  long  periods. 

After  discounting  all  factors  but  the 
feed,  which  may  have  caused  uneven 
performance,  we  have  come  to  the  con¬ 
clusion  that  our  Leghorns  are  not  eat¬ 
ing  enough  feed  most  of  the  time  to 
sustain  heavy  egg  production.  We 
therefore  are  discontinuing  our  experi¬ 
ment  so  far  as  they  are  concerned 
and  returning  to  the  method  of  feed¬ 
ing  which  gave  us  such  good  results 
a  year  ago. 

This  method  consists  of  a  free  choice 
of  whole  corn,  wheat,  and  oats,  plus 
alfalfa  hay  and  the  free  choice  of  a 
mash  which  is  considerably  lower  in 
protein  than  the  high  powered  one 
with  which  we  have  been  experiment¬ 
ing.  We  are,  of  course,  interested  to 
see  how  our  birds  will  respond  to  this 
method  of  feeding  on  which  our  flocks 
did  so  well  last  year. 

Curiously  enough,  a  small  flock  of 
Rocks  has  done  and  is  doing  exceed¬ 
ingly  well  on  the  free  choice  of  grain 
and  the  high  powered  mash.  They  are, 


doing  today  a  marvelous  job  in  i  mm8\  e  months  I  have  however,  eating  more  of  the  mash  than 

handling  all  kinds  of  rail  transpor-  we^re^iX^6  ^  faCt  lhat  they  actually  require  to  balance  their 

.  &  r  we  are  giving  our  laymg  hens  a  free 

ration.  choice  of  whole  corn,  wheat,  and  oats 


Bnbber  and  Gas  First 


ration,  which  tends  to  take  the  edge 
.  „  ,  .  ,  ,  off  the  saving  in  expense  of  feeding 

.  0  a  Very  ^  protein  mash.  In  them  which  we  would  otherwise  make. 
_  ....  f.  1  1Cin’  w®.  ave  coljtinued  our  prac-  Sometime  later  I  will  report  again  on 

Despite  the  job  the  railroads  have  lce  0  efcm§'  °UI  lens  once  a  day  how-  the  Rocks  continue  to  do  on  the 
done,  transportation  is  breaking  &reen>  leafy  alfalfa  hay.  high  powered  mash>  because  if  we  get 

down,  and  of  course,  it’s  highway  The  mash  we  have  been  using  was  into  a  rigorous  war  economy  it  is  cer- 

transportation  which  is  the  first  to  so  hi&hly  concentrated  that  theoretic-  tainly  a  saving  to  have  to  grind  only 
show  the  strain.  alJy  the  birds  did  not  have  to  make  it  ten  per  cent  of  what  a  laying  hen  eats 

Readers  of  this  page  should  be-  f0^e.^an  ten  Per  cent  of  their  dairy  rather  than  from  30  to  50  per  cent  or 

--  -  1  -  food  intake  m  order  to  have  a  balanc¬ 

ed  ration. 


gin  immediately  to  buy  the  trans 
portation  they  will  need  next  win¬ 
ter.  This  means  providing  farm 
storage  for  such  items  as  coal,  lime, 
fertilizer,  and  feed  and  grain.  It 
means  filling  this  storage  now 
while  the  transportation  is  avail¬ 
able. 


in  those  instances  when  cracked  corn 
is  used,  75  to  80  per  cent. 


DOWN  MEXICO  WAY 

By  BL  E,  Babcock,  Jr. 


Weather  conditions  here  are  such 
that  the  natives  still  call  it  cold.  As  a 
matter  of  fact,  temperatures  during  the 
day  reach  above  ninety.  The  cold  fea¬ 
ture  lies  in  the  fact  that  we  have  not 
had  a  single  night  above  fifty  yet.  This 
makes  a  very  comfortable  climate  to 
live  in,  but  the  thing  that  we  are  most 
interested  in  is  getting  the  ground 
-  warm  so  that  our  crops  will  start  off 

and  gas,  to  say  nothing  of  tires,  can  better  than  they  have.  Cotton  and 
escape  serious  difficulties.  com,  slow  in  coming  up,  are  standing 

I  repeat ,  transportation  is  today  still  once  out  of  the  ground. 
and  will  continue  to  be  the  num -  COTTON 
her  one  war  problem  of  the  North- 

east.  From  all  that  I  can  discover  in  talks 

FEEDEB  CALVES 


A  Community  Problem 

I  expect  to  see  transportation  be¬ 
come  so  scarce,  particularly  high¬ 
way  transportation,  that  only  those 
communities  which  move  now  to 
provide  reserves  of  trucks  and  oil 


A  great  many  readers  of  this  page 
have  written  me  this  spring  asking 
that  I  help  them  to  locate  a  bunch  of 
thin,  young  beef  cattle  to  turn  out  on 
their  pastures. 

Despite  the  fact  that  I  have  been 
away  from  home  a  good  deal,  I  have 
tried  conscientiously  to  answer  all  of 
these  letters.  Some  of  them  may  have 
been  forwarded  to  me  and  not  yet  have 
reached  me. 

In  the  Southwest  I  saw  a  good  many 
bunches  of  feeder  calves  and  I  made 
careful  inquiry  about  their  availability. 
In  a  nutshell  the  situation  is  as  fol¬ 
lows  : 

There  is  plenty  of  feed  in  the  range 
states.  Such  calves  as  are  for  sale  are, 
generally  speaking,  in  good  condition 
and  heavy,  that  is,  they  will  weigh 
between  four  and  five  hundred  pounds. 
Cattle  raisers  are  not  interested  in  sell¬ 
ing  them.  Prices  on  the  better  quality 
calves  run  from  13  to  14  cents  for  steer 
calves  and  a  cent  less  for  heifer  calves 
from  which  the  better  type  individu¬ 
als  have  already  been  selected  for 
breeding  purposes. 

It  costs  about  a  cent  a  pound  to 


with  neighbors,  I  have  the  earliest 
stand  of  cotton  in  the  upper  end  of 


the  valley.  Everything  connected  with 
planting  the  crop  worked  out  accord¬ 
ing  to  schedule.  Half  of  the  cotton 
which  was  rained  on  before  it  came  up 
was  scratched  immediately  after  the 
ground  got  dry  enough  to  work,  which 
allowed  it  to  come  up  without  trouble. 
The  remainder,  planted  after  the  rain, 
has  beaten  neighbor’s  cotton  planted 
the  same  day.  In  nine  days  it  was  up 
enough  to  cultivate.  By  tonight,  all  of 
the  cotton  will  have  been  cultivated 
once. 

ALFALFA 

We  are  still  having  good  success 
pasturing  one  of  our  alfalfa  fields  with 
sheep  and  hogs.  At  the  present  time, 


What  with  tires  wearing  out  and  gasoline  rationed,  the  inquiry  for  light  horses  has 
begun  to  pick  up.  Recently  we  sold  the  young  saddle  mare  pictured  above  to  Mr. 


,  • _ _  ...  ,,  ° ~  1 -  J'wung  suuuie  mare  pictured  aoove  to  Mr. 

bring  a  calf  from  the  Southwest  into  and  Mrs.  Dick  Putney  of  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  She  is  suitable  for  either  riding  or  driving. 


Ai  ierican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 

the  alfalfa  has  been  eaten  off  so  close 
that  it  has  been  necessary  to  remove 
the  sheep  to  other  pasture  while  the 
alfalfa  is  being  watered  and  given  a 
chance  to  start.  If  we  continue  to  be 
able  to  pasture  this  field  without  bloat¬ 
ing,  it  will  change  our  decision  to  get 
rid  of  all  of  our  sheep  this  summer. 
The  old  ewes  bought  last  fall  have 
80%  lambs  which  with  their  mothers 
will  make  economical  use  of  the  alfalfa 
pasture  this  summer.  With  the  short¬ 
age  of  hay  wire  and  the  long  arm  of 
the  draft  now  reaching  into  farm  labor, 
I  believe  we  will  be  glad  that  this  50 
acres  of  hay  will  not  have  to  be  hand¬ 
led  in  the  conventional  manner. 

The  rest  of  our  alfalfa  will  be  ready 
to  cut  next  week.  We  are  still  unde¬ 
cided  between  baling  and  chopping 
this  hay.  There  is  some  hay  wire  avail¬ 
able. 

ERYSIPELAS 

Last  time  I  reported  that  our  hogs 
were  being  turned  on  alfalfa  pasture 
after  having  been  wormed.  For  a  few 
days  they  appeared  to  be  coming  along 
in  fine  shape  as  a  result  of  the  worm¬ 
ing,  and  we  began  to  believe  that  our 
worries  in  this  department  were  over. 
Several  days  later,  however,  we  dis¬ 
covered  among  our  fattening  hogs, 
three  of  those  nearing  marketing  shape 
dead.  The  night  before  there  had  been 
none  that  acted  out  of  line  in  any  way, 
so  we  immediately  suspected  some  kind 
of  poisoning.  Subsequently,  a  post  mor¬ 
tem  examination  revealed  all  of  the 
symptoms  of  acute  erysipelas.  A  fur¬ 
ther  study  into  the  disease  revealed 
that  the  condition  that  we  had  been 
treating  as  internal  parasites  was  in 
fact  a  symptom  of  the  chronic  phase 
of  the  disease. 

Before  we  could  obtain  serum  and 
vaccinate  the  hog  flock  we  lost  three 
more  180  pound  shoats.  Vaccination 
was  successful  in  stopping  death  losses 
and  for  about  two  weeks  all  of  the  hogs 
began  to  improve  in  condition,  so  much 
so  that  it  was  noticeable  from  day  to 
day.  Again  we  could  relax;  no  more 
worries  over  the  hogs. 

Then  three  days  ago  we  lost  the 
seventh  and  eighth  shoats.  This  morn¬ 
ing  we  again  vaccinated  the  hog  herd. 
On  the  advice  of  veterinarians  we 
doubled  the  dosage  advised  by  the 
serum  manufacturer.  This  time,  how¬ 
ever,  we  are  not  relaxing,  although 
there  will  be  little  that  we  can  tell  for 
several  weeks.  We  hope,  however,  that 
there  will  be  no  reappearance  of  the 
trouble. 

Last  year  it  seemed  as  if  I  was 
continually  writing  about  the  unusual 
weather  which  we  were  having  here, 
and  in  truth  we  were.  The  outbreak  of 
swine  erysipelas,  which  is  prevalent 
throughout  the  valley,  is  an  aftermath 
of  the  unusually  wet  season  which  we 
have  been  through.  As  a  rule  we  are 
not  greatly  troubled  by  disease  in  any 
type  of  livestock,  since  the  hot  drying 
sun  is  a  poor  companion  for  the  stage 
of  the  disease  in  the  soil.  The  humid 
season  just  past  apparently  allowed 
erysipelas,  and  perhaps  other  diseases, 
to  manifest  itself,  for  no  doubt  it  has 
been  present  here  waiting  for  condi¬ 
tions  which  would  allow  it  to  operate. 

I  have  made  up  my  mind  to  live  with 
the  disease  and  attempt  to  control  it 
rather  than  going  out  of  the  hog  busi¬ 
ness  which  has  always  been  a  part  of 
the  farm  operation. 

HORSES  AND  MULES 

Although  unfortunately  we  can’t 
prove  it,  this  year  we  have  had  two 
mares  present  us  with  twin  mules.  I 
reported  last  time  our  disappointment 
in  losing  one  of  the  first  pair,  and  it 
was  certainly  no  less  when  the  second 
pair  arrived  and  we  were  unable  to 
save  one.  Jerl,  the  boss  teamster,  lost 
a  night’s  sleep  and  some  tears  in  his 
efforts  to  have  at  least  one  set  of 
twins  to  his  credit  after  thirty  years 
of  raising  colts.  May  9,  19Jf2. 


1 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  May  23,  1942 


27  C329) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 

By  <#•  B.  Q&Utite. 


TO  CURB 

RECKLESS  DRIVERS 

AST  WINTER  we  gave  you  the 
facts  about  the  New  York  State 
Motor  Vehicle  Safety-Responsibility 
Law  which  went  into  effect  January  1. 
Less  has  been  said  about  this  law  in 
recent  months,  but  it  is  still  very  much 
on  the  books  and  every  motorist  should 
have  a  general  understanding  of  its 
provisions. 

The  most  important  point  to  remem¬ 
ber  is  this — if  you  are  involved  in  any 
accident  causing  at  least  $25  property 
damage  or  any  injury  to  occupants  of 
either  car,  it  should  be  reported  to  the 
Bureau  of  Motor  Vehicles  in  Albany 
on  Form  MV-104,  which  you  can  get 
from  your  insurance  agent. 

If  either  or  both  of  the  cars  are  not 
covered  by  liability  insurance,  the  law 
says  that  drivers'  licenses  and  car 
registrations  should  be  revoked  until 
the  drivers  show  that  they  can  settle 
any  damages  that  the  Courts  may  or¬ 
der  paid  and  have  an  insurance  policy 
or  bond  to  cover  possible  future  acci¬ 
dents.  If  your  car  was  insured,  that 
of  course  is  sufficient  evidence  of  this 
fact. 

No  longer  can  the  driver  of  an  un¬ 
insured  car  in  New  York  State  smash 
up  your  car  and  then  snap  his  fingers 
at  you  and  say,  “What  are  you  going 
to  do  about  it?”  Some  drivers  appar¬ 
ently  are  not  yet  aware  of  this  fact, 
but  the  revocation  of  one  license  in  a 
neighborhood  will  go  a  long  way  to¬ 
ward  convincing  them  that  this  law 
has  teeth. 

The  Bureau  of  Motor  Vehicles  in  Al¬ 
bany  will  be  glad  to  send  you  a  folder 
called  “You  and  the  New  Motor  Ve¬ 
hicle  Safety-Responsibility  Law.”  This 
gives  a  very  complete  summary  of  all 
of  the  provisions  of  the  law. 

—a.  a. — 

NO  LAW 

“I  was  out  on  the  road  recently  in  the 
car,  and  a  deer  jumped  in  front  of  the 
car  and  I  hit  it.  Some  damage  was  done 
the  car,  and  I  was  told  I  could  collect 
damage  from  the  State.” 

In  the  past,  there  has  been  some 
discussion  among  farmers  and  farm 
organizations  in  New  York  State  that 
a  law  should  be  passed  giving  in¬ 
demnity  to  drivers  whose  cars  are 
damaged  when  they  hit  deer.  How¬ 
ever,  no  such  law  has  been  passed  and 
there  is  no  way  of  collecting  damages 
for  your  car. 

— a.  a. — 

YOUR  NAME  IN  PRINT 

“I  received  a  letter  from  a  New  York 
City  concern  that  claims  that  they  pub¬ 
lish  books  of  poetry.  They  had  seen  one 
of  my  poems  in  print  and  wanted  me  to 
send  $3.50  for  printing  my  poem  in  the 
book.  I  wrote  saying  I  could  not  afford 
$3.50  and  that  I  knew  if  it  was  good 
enough  they  would  print  it  anyway. 
Needless  to  say,  I  did  not  hear  from  them 
again.  Some  other  readers  may  be  in¬ 
terested  in  a  word  of  warning  about  this 
type  of  business.” — Mrs.  E.  R.  L. 

Our  subscriber  was  wise.  We  do  not 
feel  that  it  is  worthwhile  to  spend 
money  just  to  see  your  name  in  print. 
If  your  writings  have  merit,  a  pub¬ 
lisher  will  be  glad  to  pay  you  for  them 
rather  than  charge  you  for  them. 

— a.  a. — 

NO! 

“I  saw  an  ad  in  several  papers  for  a 
man  in  the  South  that  wanted  a  job  on 
the  farm.  I  wrote  him  and  he  asked  me 
to  send  him  $12.00  for  carfare.  Should  I 
do  it?” 

By  all  means,  refuse  to  make  this 
loan.  If  the  man  does  not  show  up 


you  will  be  out  of  luck.  If  he  really 
wants  a  job,  he  should  be  able  to  bor¬ 
row  from  a  friend  or  relative,  or  hitch¬ 
hike  to  your  farm.  Of  course,  there 
is  a  chance  that  the  man  is  quite 
reliable,  but  what  is  to  prevent  him 
from  writing  to  20  different  men  and 
asking  each  of  them  to  forward  him 
carfare  ? 

- A.  A. - 

ANOTHER  FRAUD  ORDER 

A  Postal  Fraud  Order  has  been  issu¬ 
ed  against  Pandiculator  Co.  of  Cleve¬ 
land,  Ohio.  This  concern  sold  a  device 
which  they  claimed  would  increase 
one’s  height.  For  good  measure,  they 
indicated  that  the  device  would  pre¬ 
vent  or  cure  a  number  of  serious 
diseases. 

Before  the  Fraud  Order  was  issued, 
several  doctors  testified  that  the  device 
would  not  do  what  the  company  claim¬ 
ed.  Also,  it  was  stated  that  the  Post 
Office  Department  had  received  many 
complaints  from  customers  who  had 
ordered  this  gadget  and  had  not  re¬ 
ceived  it. 

Considerable  red  tape  has  to  be  un¬ 
wound  before  a  Fraud  Order  can  be 
issued  against  any  concern.  If  the 
general  public  were  more  skeptical 
about  unwarranted  claims,  many  of 
these  firms  would  go  out  of  business 
without  the  necessity  of  issuing  Fraud 
Orders! 

—  a.  a. — 

MOVED 

“I  am  enclosing  an  express  receipt  for 
two  cases  of  eggs  sent  to  Eagle  Rock 
Farm,  of  New  York  City.  I  never  re¬ 
ceived  pay  for  these  eggs.” 

We  wrote  Eagle  Rock  Farm,  and 
the  letter  came  back  marked,  “Moved, 
left  no  forwarding  address.”  Then  we 
made  inquiry  of  the  Packer  Produce 
Mercantile  Agency;  they  tell  us  that 
a  Mr.  Bender  is  supposed  to  be  the 
man  behind  this  concern,  but  that  they 
have  been  unable  to  locate  him,  al¬ 
though  they  have  heard  rumors  that  he 
is  buying  eggs  under  another  firm 
name.  The  reason  it  is  so  difficult  to 
trace  this  type  of  business  is  that  the 
man  behind  it  never  signed  any  letters. 

As  we  have  done  before,  we  point 
out  that  any  poultryman  is  taking  a 
distinct  chance  if  he  ships  to  any  new 
firm  without  checking  their  reliability. 
The  Service  Bureau  is  always  glad  to 
do  this  for  any  subscriber. 

— a.  a. — 

FOR  SUBSCRIBERS 

“Last  fall,  I  shipped  a  case  of  eggs 
which  never  arrived,  and  the  trucker 
claimed  that  the  truck  was  burned,  but 
that  it  was  insured.  I  wrote  the  com¬ 
pany  but  did  not  have  a  reply.  I  am 
not  a  subscriber  to  American  Agricultur¬ 
ist,  but  if  you  will  collect  this  money,  I 
will  be  glad  to  send  in  my  subscription.” 

The  Service  Bureau  is  intended  to 
help  American  Agriculturist  subscrib¬ 
ers  in  every  way  possible.  We  get  an 
enormous  number  of  letters,  and  we  do 
not  feel  that  it  is  quite  fair  to  extend 
this  service  to  friends  who  are  not  sub¬ 
scribers.  To  do  so  would  leave  less 
time  to  handle  requests  from  our  regu¬ 
lar  readers. 

—  a.  a. — 

We  are  anxious  to  locate  Mr.  Amidee 
Corriveau  who  formerly  resided  at  449 
Wentworth  Street,  Manchester,  New 
Hampshire.  If  any  subscriber  knows 
where  he  is  living  now,  we  would  ap¬ 
preciate  the  information. 

— a.  a. — 

“Thank  you  for  your  aid  in  collect¬ 
ing  the  $10.75  for  me.  We  received  the 
check  and  a  letter  of  apology.  We  wish 
that  we  had  asked  your  aid  sooner.” 


Car  in  which  policyholder,  Percy  Newton  of  Scott,  N.  Y lost  his  life. 


Flames  leaped  high  into  the  night  from  the  two  cars  which  crashed 
on  the  Scott- Homer  highway  on  the  night  of  January  30,  1942. 
Passersby  were  helpless  to  aid  the  men  trapped  in  the  burning  cars. 
Percy  Newton,  North  American  policyholder,  was  finally  rescued 
from  his  blazing  car  but  died  on  the  way  to  the  hospital.  His 
companion  was  killed  and  another  man  critically  injured. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Newton,  parents  of  the  victim,  promptly  received 
a  check  for  $1000.00  from  the  North  American  policy  held  by  their 
son.  Here  is  what  they  have  to  say: 

7 kc.  ,AArOuii 


7lu> 


4  / f  0  O  O 


JbcljV 

jOCvidM;. 


Tragedy  strikes  without  warning.  The  protection  of  a  North 
American  Accident  policy  with  its  prompt  payment  of  benefits  is 
invaluable  in  time  of  emergency.  Make  sure  every  member  of  your 
family  carries  this  low-cost  protection. 

Keep.  IjouA.  Policy  PeetecueA 


North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co 

Oldest  end  Carfest  <Sxclusive<Jfea/t/>  and  Occident  Company  in  America 


N.  A. associates  Department 


POUtiHKEEPSIE  N  Y 


BURNED  TO  DEATH 

Two  Cars  Crash  — 
Then  Burst  into  Flames 


r 


Co-operation  Builds  It.. Unity  Maintains 
It . .  Intelligent  Self-  Interest  Defends  It ! 


THE  Home  was  the  first  cooperative  associa¬ 
tion.  The  first  men  hunted,  the  first  women 
cared  for  the  children,  kept  the  fires  and 
cooked  the  food.  Cooperative  effort  made 
even  the  humblest  cave  more  than  a  shelter, 
more  than  a  place  of  food  and  warmth  and  rest, 
for  it  was  a  Home.  A  place  that  represented  the 
best  of  the  life  and  mind  and  effort  of  every 
person  in  it. 

As  a  going  institution  that  has  outlived  the 
ages,  the  Home  proves  the  economic  value  of 
cooperation.  As  a  rallying  point  of  hope  and 
courage  ...  a  haven  against  sickness  and 
troubles  ...  a  castle  of  strength  for  the  family 
unit  ...  it  proves  the  human  need  for  coopera¬ 
tive  effort. 


The  family  circle  in  the  Home  is  a  perfect  ex¬ 
ample  of  the  motto — " all  for  one ,  and  one  for 
all."  No  outsider  is  ever  admitted  to  the  intimate 
councils  of  that  fireside  group.  The  strength  of 
the  Home  lies  in  the  fact  that  it  takes  care  of  its 
own.  The  prodigal  son  comes  back,  and  the  wid¬ 
owed  daughter,  and  the  orphaned  grandchild. 
The  Home  takes  them  in,  cares  for  them  as 
though  they  had  never  left. 

True,  all  is  not  always  peace  and  quiet.  There 
are  both  smiles  and  grumblings.  But  as  a  co¬ 
operative  effort,  the  Home  accepts  these  and  is 
not  disturbed.  Members  of  the  Home  circle  don't 
hold  grudges,  don't  seek  revenge,  don't  stick 
obstinately  to  personal  whims  and  opinions. 
They  give  and  take.  They  cooperate.  They  cre¬ 
ate.  They  never  destroy. 


A  Perfect  Pattern  for 

Dairy  Cooperatives 


The  Home  is  the  most  perfect  pattern  that  our  dairy  cooperative  associations 
can  ever  follow.  For  these  cooperative  associations  also  need  the  strength 
of  "all  for  one,  and  one  for  all.'’  They  need  the  solidarity  of  fellowship,  the 
unity  of  interest,  the  unfailing  loyalty  that  knows  its  own  and  cares  for  them 
no  matter  how  far  the  separate  members  may  have  strayed.  They  need  the 
trust  in  each  other,  the  pride  in  group  effort,  and  the  determination  to  stick  it 
out  through  thick  and  thin.  Above  all,  they  need  the  intelligent  self-interest 
which  says:  "This  is  where  I  belong.  These  are  my  kind  of  people.  They'll 
stand  with  me.  1 11  stand  with  them.  Together  we'll  face  the  world  and  win. 
F or  the  Lord  helps  those  who  help  themselves.'  “ 


Published  by  THE  THOUSANDS  OF  FARMERS  WHO  OWN,  OPERATE  AND  CONTROL  THE  DAIRYMEN'S  LEAGUE 

_ _ 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 


JUNE  6,  1942 


American 


FOUNDED  1842 


HAY  •Tfe  fyo-undatiati  oi 


By  H.  L.  COSLINE 


A  DAIRY  RATION 


ONE  WAY  to  speed  up  haying  is  to 
wait  until  you  can  cut  the  hay  in  the 
morning  and  put  it  in  the  mow  in  the 
afternoon.  That  procedure  may  save 
some  time,  but  the  losses  in  quality  are  far 
too  great  to  make  it  acceptable.  The  trend  in 
recent  years  has  all  been  toward  early  cut¬ 
ting  and  for  a  very  good  reason.  Careful  ex¬ 
periments  have  shown  that  timothy  will  make 
the  best  hay  just  as 
bloom  first  shows;  alfalfa 
when  it  is  about  half  in 
bloom;  and  clover  when 
it  is  one-half  to  two- 
thirds  in  bloom. 

However,  if  you  wait 
until  the  hay  is  just  right 
before  you  start,  some  of 
the  hay  will  be  too  ma¬ 
ture  for  best  quality  by 
the  time  you  finish  hay¬ 
ing.  To  get  the  hay  in 
the  mow  with  the  best 
possible  quality,  start 
your  haying  from  a  week 
to  ten  days  before  the 
grass  reaches  the  right 
stage;  have  your  equip¬ 
ment  in  shape  so  that 
breakdowns  will  be  at  a 
minimum;  and  then  ar¬ 
range  with  the  weather 
man  to  hold  off  the  rain 
until  you  are  through. 

Speaking  of  weather, 
we  are  going  to  miss  weather 
forecasts.  Someone  has  thought  ■  — — 

up  a  clever  idea  that  you  can 
use.  Watch  the  sports  pages.  If 
baseball  games  in  Chicago.  St.  Louis  and 
Cleveland  are  played  on  schedule,  you  are 
likely  to  have  good  weather  for  a  couple  of 
days,  except  for  possible  local  showers.  If  the 
games  are  rained  out,  do  not  cut  down  too 
much  hay. 

All  things  considered,  it  is  probable  that 
the  man  who  keeps  enough  hay  cut  ahead, 
so  he  does  not  have  to  wait  for  hay  to  dry, 
will  get  as  much  hay  in  the  barn  without  rain 
as  will  the  fellow  who  tries  to  outguess  the 
weather.  Based  on  averages,  you  are  quite  as 
likely  to  get  good  hay  weather  in  June  as 
you  are  in  July.  The  fact  that  it  has  to  be 
left  in  the  field  longer  to  cure  in  June  may 


On  hilly  ground  this  type  of  rack  will  prevent  a  few  lost  loads. 


mean  that  it  gets  a  little  more  rain;  but  here 
again,  that  is  more  than  overbalanced  by 
higher  quality. 

In  recent  years,  three  new  methods  of 
handling  hay  have  been  tried  out — putting 
green  grass  in  the  silo,  chopping  hay  and 
blowing  it  into  the  mow,  and  baling  it  in  the 
field.  Having  a  silo  for  grass  is  a  grand  way 

An  electric  hay  hoist  is  a  time-saver. 


of  haying  during  bad  weather,  and  either 
chopping  or  baling  is  a  great  saver  of  storage 
space.  But  this  year,  as  in  the  past,  more  hay 
will  be  raked  with  a  side-delivery  rake,  load¬ 
ed  with  a  hay-loader,  and  unloaded  with  a 
hay-fork  than  is  handled  in  any  other  way. 

This  year,  more  than  ever,  any  methods 
that  will  save  labor  are  important.  Some  ex¬ 
periments  at  Cornell  show  that  in  most  cases 
hay  cut  early  in  the  morning  while  the  dew 
is  still  on  has  less  moisture  at  the  close  of  the 
day  than  where  cutting  is  delayed  until  the 
dew  has  dried.  Do  not  hesitate  to  cut  hay  in 
the  morning;  or  perhaps  you  prefer  to  double 
up  on  the  milking  and  have  one  man  mow 
a  field  after  supper. 

Leaves,  especially  clover  ( Turn  to  Page  13) 


HI  THIS!  ISSUE  YOU’  yOUR  FARM  AND  THE  WAR,  Page  3;  SEASON  OFF  TO  A  GODD  START,  Page  4;  IN  THE 
- MIN  UDUfc  WRONG  PASTURE,  Page  6;  KEEP  THEM  ON  THE  FARM,  Page  8;  CANNING  IN  WAR  TIME,  Page  18; 

JOHNNY  HUTTAR’S  POULTRY  COLUMNS,  Page  1£;  PAY  TAXES  ON  TIME,  Page  23. 


1  U  N  E 


6 


» 


19  4  2 


The  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative 
is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


Get  your  Gun... 

The  fight  against  crop  enemies  is  more  important  than 
ever  this  year.  Some  of  the  ammunition  will  be  different 


Time  to  Fill 
the 

Pantry  Shelves 


\ 


Cabbage  Aphis 


CORN 

European  Corn  Borer 


4%  Nicotine 


Spray  when  Aphis  appears.  Dust  when  70°  or  above. 


Dual  Fixed  Nicotine 


CUCUMBERS,  MELONS,  PUMPKINS,  SQUASH 


First  apply  as  eggs  begin  to  hatch.  Make  3  additional 
applications  at  5-day  intervals. 


Striped  and  Twelve-spotted 
Cucumber  Beetle 


Pyrocide  Dust  12)4 


Scab,  Anthracnose,  Bacterial  Wilt,  Leaf  Spot, 
Macrosporium,  Leaf  Blight,  Striped  and  Twelve- 
spotted  Cucumber  Beetle 


6-10  Cucumber  Melon 


First  apply  as  soon  as  beetles  appear.  Repeat  weekly.  Dust 

or  spray  entire  field  in  1  day. _ 

First  apply  soon  after  plants  emerge.  Repeat  weekly. 


Squash  Bug 


ONIONS 

Onion  Thrips 

PEAS 

Pea  Aphis 


Pyrocide  Dust  12)4 
Pyrocide  Dust  12)4 


Thoroughly  cover  colonies  of  young  bugs  wherever  present. 

Apply  weekly  as  injury  appears  for  3  or  5  weeks. 


POTATOES  and  EGG  PLANT 

Colorado  Potato  Beetle  (Potato  Bug) 
Blight  (early  and  late) 

Flea  Beetle  and  Colorado  Potato  Beetle 


4%  Nicotine 


Spray  or  dust  when  Aphis  appears.  Dust  when  70°  or  above. 


Pyrocide  Dust  12pg 
60-20-20  Lime-Copper- 
Calcium  Arsenate  Dust 


As  soon  as  beetles  begin  to  hatch.  Repeat  weekly  if  needed. 
When  plants  are  4-5  inches  high.  Repeat  weekly  for  7-10 
weeks. 


Leaf  Hoppers  and  Flea  Beetles 


TOMATOES 

Colorado  Potato  Beetle  and  Flea  Beetle 


Pyrocide  Dust  12p^ 


Pyrocide  Dust  12)4 

Cuprotrol  Dust  6 


Pyrocide  Dust  12)4 


Potato  Late  Blight  and  Leaf  Diseases _ 

Tomato  Worm 
Aphis 

Rate  of  Application — 1  lb.  of  dust  will  treat  approximately  a  400-ft.  row. 


To  underside  of  leaves  as  soon  as  nymphs  are  numerous. 

Apply  as  soon  as  beetles  appear.  Repeat  at  weekly  intervals. 
Apply  every  7-10  days.  When  blight  is  serious  on  potatoes. 
As  soon  as  small  worms  appear. 


4%  Nicotine 


Apply  as  soon  as  Aphis  appears.  Dust  when  70°  or  above. 


HOW  TO  CONTROL  GARDEN  INSECTS. 

Disease  or  Insect  Dust  Mixture 


BEANS 

Mexican  Bean  Beetle 
and  Flea  Beetle 


Time  to  Apply 


Pyrocide  Dust  12)4  or 
Organocide  Dust  R75 


As  soon  as  young  beetles  appear.  Repeat  at  weekly  inter¬ 
vals. 


CABBAGE,  CAULIFLOWER,  KALE,  BROCCOLI,  BRUSSELS  SPROUTS 

Imported  Cabbage  Worm 

Cab™age^Lu>op'er^°^  Pyrocide  Dust  12)4  As  soon  as  young  worms  appear.  Repeat  weekly  as  needed. 


Organocide  Dusts  Save  Rotenone.  Rotenone  is  made 
from  .tropical  roots — some  from  South  America,  some 
from  across  the  Pacific.  Virtually  none  is  coming  in 
now.  So,  the  War  Production  Board  has  ordered  that 
rotenone  may  be  used  only— 

1.  By  the  army  and  navy. 

2.  For  protecting  food  crops. 

Rotenone  may  not  be  used  on  sweet  corn,  onions, 
egg  plant,  peppers,  cucumbers,  melons,  squash,  pump¬ 
kins,  cranberries,  or  tobacco. 

To  conserve  rotenone,  your  cooperative  last  year 
started  to  develop  the  new  Organocide  dusts.  In  these 
dusts,  lethane  is  used  to  make  the  rotenone  go  further. 
But  these  dusts  are  not  plentiful  enough  to  kill  all  the 
bugs  that  rotenone  usually  takes  care  of. 

Pyrocide  for  Home  Gardens.  The  best  all-around 
dust  for  the  small  gardener  is  Pyrocide  12^.  It  costs  a 
little  more  than  rotenone,  but  it  will  kill  some  insects 
like  squash  bugs  and  cabbage  loopers,  which  rotenone 
won’t  control.  There  are  no  restrictions  on  the  use  of 
Pyrocide  dusts.  They  are  non-poisonous  to  humans. 

Supplies  of  Other  Dusts.  Cuprotrol  dusts  which  con¬ 
tain  yellow  cuprocide  are  scarce,  but  there  will  probably 
be  enough  to  take  care  of  the  needs  of  established  G.L.F. 
patrons.  The  same  is  true  of  Cucumber-Melon  Dust. 

Because  of  the  shortage  of  lead  arsenate,  some  fruit 
growers  will  be  using  Black  Leaf  155,  a  nicotine  prod¬ 
uct,  in  at  least  one  of  their  cover  sprays  for  codling  moth. 

Calcium  arsenate  is  tight.  Patrons  should  make  sure 
of  their  supplies  right  away. 


Cooperative  G.L.F.  Exchange,  Inc.#  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


For  the  past  two  years  G.L.F.  patrons 
have  saved  money  buying  G.L.F. 
canned  fruits  and  vegetables  in  case-lots  on 
an  advance  order  basis.  This  year  the  com¬ 
plete  G.L.F.  line  of  canned  foods  is  again 
available  on  the  same  basis. 

When  you  place  an  advance  order  for  a 
case  of  G.L.F.  Canned  Foods  you  are  not 
only  looking  after  your  own  requirements 
and  your  own  pocketbook  but  you  are 
helping  another  G.L.F.  patron  sell  his 
canning  crop  advantageously. 

If  you  will  need  to  buy  canned  foods 
next  winter  to  supplement  your  own  home- 
canned  foods  you  should  seriously  con¬ 
sider  placing  your  Advance  Order  now. 
This  year,  more  than  ever,  each  family 
must  do  its  best  to  stock  its  pantry  and 
assure  itself  of  an  adequate  food  supply. 

The  Food  Situation  Today 

Already  the  Government  has  forbidden 
the  use  of  tin  for  canning  certain  foods 
such  as  canned  pork  and  beans.  On  most 
of  the  essential  foods  which  must  be  pre¬ 
served  by  canning,  the  supply  of  tin  cans 
has  not  yet  been  seriously  curtailed. 

Foods  in  Glass 

Some  tin  restrictions,  however,  and  the 
possibility  of  still  further  restrictions,  have 
made  it  advisable  to  put  up  part  of  the 
G.L.F.  pack  in  glass  jars  for  the  first  time. 
Perhaps  next  year  a  substantial  amount 
of  foods  will  be  packed  in  glass  to  con¬ 
serve  tin  and  steel. 

The  average  glass  jar  for  peas  holds  one 
pound.  The  usual  tin  container  used  for 
peas  is  the  No.  2  size  which  contains  a 
pound  and  a  quarter.  However,  the  actual 
weight  of  the  drained  peas  in  both  con¬ 
tainers  is  about  the  same,  because  less 
water  is  used  when  packing  in  glass. 

Government  Requirements 

The  United  States  Government  has  al¬ 
ready  ordered  all  canners  to  set  aside  an 
average  of  30%  of  this  year’s  entire  pack 
of  essential  canned  foods.  These  foods,  as 
soon  as  packed,  are  inspected  by  the 
Quartermaster  Corps  and  immediately 
become  the  property  of  the  U.  S.  Govern¬ 
ment  for  the  use  of  our  Armed  Forces  at 
home  and  abroad. 

Sugar 

To  date,  canners  are  allowed  90%  of  the 
sugar  they  used  last  year  to  pack  fruits 
and  berries.  This  means  that  you  can  sup¬ 
plement  your  own  restricted  sugar  ration 
by  buying  commercially  canned  fruits  and 
berries  in  syrup. 

How  to  Place  Your  Advance  Order 

Below  is  a  list  of  G.L.F.  fruits  and  vege¬ 
tables  available  in  case-lots  at  minimum 
cost  on  an  advance  order  basis.  Your 
G.L.F.  Service  Agency  is  now  prepared  to 
take  your  advance  order  for  one  or  more 
cases.  Each  Service  Agency  has  an  ad¬ 
vance  order  chart  for  this  purpose  and 
complete  details  on  each  item  are  listed  on 
the  chart. 

Your  order  on  many  of  these  items  will 
be  taken  on  an  open-price  basis.  Patrons’ 
costs  on  each  item  will  be  announced  as 
soon  as  possible  and  .your  Service  Agency 
will  keep  you  informed. 


Cut  Green  Beans 

Spinach 

Cut  Wax  Beans 

Succotash 

Green  Lima  Beans 
Cut  Beets 

Tomatoes 

Diced  Beets 

Applesauce 

Shoestring  Beets 

Cherries  in  Syrup 
Cherries  in  Water 

Sliced  Beets 

Small  Whole  Beets 

Peaches  in  Syrup 

Diced  Carrots 

Pears  in  Syrup 

Shoestring  Carrots 

Black  Raspberries 

Sliced  Carrots 

Columbian  Raspberries 

Cream  Style  Corn 
Whole  Kernel  Corn 

Red  Raspberries 

Tender  Sweet  Peas 

Apple  Juice 

Pumpkin 

Tomato  Juice 

Sauerkraut 

Ketchup 

Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  June  6,  1942 


3 


(333) 


YOU**  YOUR  FARM 

astdlfo'  WAR??" 


'  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^ 


FARM  BUILDING 

The  lumber  situation  is  getting 
tighter.  Farmers  are  restricted  on  re¬ 
pairs  and  construction  of  dwellings  to 
a  maximum  of  $500  any  one  year  and 
to  $1,000  on  bams  and  out-buildings. 
A  permit  must  be  secured  if  totals  are 
higher.  See  your  County  War  Pro¬ 
duction  Board  if  you  have  a  problem. 

In  addition,  the  War  Production 
Board  has  frozen  mill  stocks  of  con¬ 
struction  lumber  during  sixty  days 
following  May  13  That  means  that 
no  soft  wood  construction  lumber  will 
be  delivered  to  retailers  during  that 
time  except  to  meet  Army  require¬ 
ments. 

One  bright  ray  of  light  is  that  mills 
producing  less  than  5,000  board  feet  of 
lumber  per  day  during  the  past  three 
months  are  not  affected.  You  will  be 
able  to  buy  some  lumber  from  small 
local  mills.  Also  not  affected  are 
small  dimensioned  lumber  for  boxes 
and  hard  wood  lumber. 

A  better  priority  rating  was  recent¬ 
ly  given  to  nails  and  wire  for  making 
wooden  boxes,  baskets  and  crates  to 
carry  fruits  and  vegetables. 

— a.  a. — 

LESS  STEEL 

The  use  of  iron  and  steel  for  domes¬ 
tic  use  is  being  rapidly  cut.  The  War 
Production  Board  issued  an  order  May 
1  gradually  tapering  off  the  use  of 
steel,  to  be  followed  by  total  stoppage 
of  the  manufacture  of  many  articles 
used  on  farms.  These  include  such 
things  as  iron  cattle  stanchions,  chicken 
crates,  feed  troughs,  metal  silos,  tanks, 
and  many  others.  The  order  does  not 
apply  to  screws,  nails,  rivets,  bolts,  and 
small  hardware  used  in  building  wooden 
equipment.  There  is,  however,  no  as¬ 
surance  that  you  can  get  them. 

— a.  a. — 

FERTILIZER 

Nitrogen  is  essential  in  the  manu¬ 
facture  of  explosives.  Therefore  the 
government  requests  these  changes  in 
the  usual  practices  in  applying  fertiliz¬ 
er  which  contains  nitrogen. 

1.  No  purchased  nitrogen  should  be 
used  on  corn.  Cow  manure,  plus  super¬ 
phosphate,  usually  does  the  trick,  or 
an  0-20-10  fertilizer  should  be  used. 

2.  The  same  revest  is  made  on  field 
beans. 

3.  Recommended  for  potato  growers 
is  a  3-10-10,  called  an  “emergency 
special.” 

4.  Vegetable  growers  can  add  nitro¬ 
gen  by  growing  a  leguminous  cover 
crop  this  fall  to  be  plowed  under  next 
spring. 

5.  Wheat  growers  should  not  use 
fertilizer  containing  nitrogen  on  wheat 
this  fall. 

If  these  requests  do  not  get  the  de¬ 
sired  results,  it  is  possible  that  a  defin¬ 
ite  order  restricting  the  use  of  fertiliz¬ 
er  may  come. 

— a.  a. — 

dependents 

We  have  had  several  letters  asking 
e  necessary  procedure  in  order  to  get 
a  discharge  from  the  Army  on  the 
basis  of  dependents.  Here,  briefly,  are 
the  facts:  .. 

It  is  possible  under  certain  excep- 
°ual  conditions  to  get  such  a  dis- 


|  charge  if  a  soldier  is  still  in  service 
in  this  country.  The  procedure  usu¬ 
ally  followed  is  for  the  soldier  to  apply 
to  his  Company  Commander,  telling 
him  the  facts,  which  the  Company 
Commander  in  turn  will  give  to  the 
Commanding  Officer  of  the  Regiment 
or  Post.  Discharges  are  given  only 
for  changes  in  the  situation  of  depend¬ 
ents,  and  only  for  dependents  in  the 
immediate  family  —  that  is,  wife,  chil¬ 
dren,  parents,  brothers  and  sisters,  or 
foster  parents.  A  soldier  may  be  dis¬ 
charged  for  dependency  which  results 
from  a  disease  of  a  member  of  his 
family  which  existed  at  the  time  he 
went  into  the  Army  but  which  has 
become  worse  since  that  time. 

It  is  only  fair  to  add  that  discharges 
for  dependency  are  rare,  and  then  are 
given  only  after  thorough  investiga¬ 
tion.  On  the  other  hand,  we  feel  that 
our  readers  should  know  of  this  pos¬ 
sibility  so  they  may  take  advantage  of 
it  when  the  situation  justifies  it. 

—  a.  A.— 

HORSESHOES 

In  spite  of  thousands  of  tractors, 
horses  are  still  essential  on  many 
farms.  The  Horse  and  Mule  Associa¬ 
tion  of  America  calls  attention  to 
trouble  ahead.  Present  supplies  of 
horseshoes  and  horseshoe  nails,  thej' 
say,  will  be  used  up  before  November 
1.  It  is  stated  that  the  War  Produc¬ 
tion  Board  takes  the  position  that  no 
increase  in  steel  for  horseshoes  and 
horseshoe  nails  will  be  considered  until 
farmers  inform  them  that  they  have 
animals  that  are  unable  to  work  be¬ 
cause  they  cannot  get  horseshoes  or 
horseshoe  nails. 

Keep  this  in  mind.  Do  not  wait  un¬ 
til  the  day  the  supply  is  exhausted. 
Write  this  summer  to  the  War  Produc¬ 
tion  Board,  Washington,  D.  C.  We  be¬ 
lieve  that  the  only  way  to  correct  the 
situation  is  for  a  sufficient  number  of 
farmers  to  make  their  wishes  known 
by  lettter.  It  is  estimated  that  if  noth¬ 
ing  is  done  until  shoes  and  nails  give 
out,  it  will  take  four  or  five  months  to 
produce  a  new  supply. 

— a.  a. — 

GASOLINE 

Gas  rationing  is  a  fact  in  most  parts 
of  American  Agriculturist  territory. 
Where  supplies  are  available,  rationing 
does  not  apply  to  the  farm  tractor  and 
truck.  It  does  apply  to  the  family  car. 

Chief  criticism  from  farmers  is  that 
the  family  car  is  not  a  pleasure  vehicle 
but  a  necessary  tool  in  the  farm  busi¬ 
ness.  Many  farmers  who  received  “A” 
cards  cannot  do  the  necessary  farm 
business  requiring  transportation  on 
three  gallons  of  gasoline  a  week.  In 
such  cases,  go  to  your  Rationing  Board 
and  ask  for  a  supplemental  supply. 

Chances  are  that  gas  rationing  will 
get  tighter  rather  than  more  liberal. 
We  might  as  well  make  plans  accord¬ 
ingly. 

— a.  a. — 

AIR  IS  CHEAP 

Recommended  inflation  rates  for 
tires  are  a  compromise  between  easy 
riding  and  long  wear.  You  will  get 
better  tire  mileage  if  you  carry  pres¬ 
sure  two  pounds  above  the  recommend¬ 
ed  rate.  Check  them  weekly. 


IT  WILL  take  the  full  power  and  efficiency  of  every  tractor  on 
every  farm  to  produce  the  vital  wartime  crops  needed  this 
year.  If  you  are  not  getting  full  power  and  efficiency  from  your 
tractor,  see  your  dealer.  Here  are  three  ways  in  which  your 
tractor  can  be  made  to  work  harder,  last  longer  and  save  fuel: 


TUNE-UP  for  full  power  and  best  fuel  economy.  This 
can  be  done  by  properly  adjusting  or  servicing  the  car¬ 
buretor,  governor,  spark  plugs,  valves  and  magneto. 

PREVENTIVE  MAINTENANCE  takes  little  time,  saves 
costly  repairs  and  avoids  breakdowns.  Preventive 
Maintenance  includes  regular  lubrication,  periodic  serv¬ 
icing  of  air  cleaner,  oil  filter,  battery,  tires,  radiator 
and  the  clean  storage  and  handling  of  fuels  and  lubri¬ 
cants.  All  tractors  need  a  regular  maintenance  pro¬ 
gram.  It  is  best  to  follow  the  procedure  recommended 
by  your  tractor  manufacturer  or  dealer. 


MODERNIZE  YOUR  TRACTOR  with  a  high  compression 
changeover  whenever  an  overhauling  job  is  necessary. 
The  installation  of  high  compression  (high  altitude) 
pistons,  cold  type  spark  plugs  and  setting  the  manifold 
to  the  cold  position  is  all  that  is  required.  A  tractor  con¬ 
verted  to  high  compression  will  give  more  power,  great¬ 
er  efficiency  and  more  production  per  tractor  hour. 


SEND  FOR  YOUR 

FREE  COPY 

OF  THIS  BOOK  NOW! 


" Wartime  Tractors — How  to 
Make  Them  Work  Harder  and 
Last  Longer ”  gives  up-to-date 
information  on  tune-up,  pre¬ 
ventive  maintenance  and  mod¬ 


ernizing  old  tractors.  It  contains  forms  to  help  you  keep 
tractor  cost  records  and  necessary  maintenance  data. 


Ethyl  Corporation 
Chrysler  Building,  New  York  City 

Gentlemen:  Please  send  me  a  free  copy  of  “WARTIME  TRACTORS— HOW 
TO  MAKE  THEM  WORK  HARDER  AND  LAST  LONGER.”  This  does  not  obli¬ 
gate  me  in  any  way. 

Name _ ~ 


Address. 


AA  6-6-42 


A MMU  Htt  I  OS I  ‘  IT  KWJ  S  E  LY" 


Chas.  Arnold,  R.  I,  Lisle,  N.  Y. 


(334)  4 


Ax  terican  Agriculturist,  June  6,  1942 


\ 


B  V  E .  R.  E  A  S  T/AA  N 


Address  all  mail  for  Editorial  or  Advert)*- 
log  departments  to  American  Agriculturist, 
Savings  Bank  Building,  Ithaca,  New  York. 


DIVIDE  AND  CONQUER 

ITLER’S  biggest  battles  were  won  before 
he  ever  started  his  armies  on  the  march. 
They  were  won  by  internal  bickerings  and  dis¬ 
sension  in  countries  before  they  were  conquered. 
The  sit-down  strikes  started  in  France.  The  na¬ 
tive  quislings  in  every  conquered  country  made 
Hitler’s  easy  victories  possible. 

For  25  years  I  have  watched  farm  organiza¬ 
tion  held  up  by  exactly  the  same  kind  of  tac¬ 
tics  —  whispering  campaigns  of  criticism  and 
slander,  often  started  by  the  enemies  of  farm¬ 
ers  but  circulated  by  farmers  themselves  against 
their  own  organizations.  Just  the  other  day  an 
excellent  farmer  whom  I  have  known  for  years 
got  me  aside  and  began  a  bitter  tirade  against 
a  farm  organization.  He  said  that  so-and-so  had 
told  him  so-and-so — just  plain  malicious  gossip, 
and  I  told  him  so. 

When  will  we  learn  that  the  farmer  himself 
who  peddles  gossip  and  criticism  about  his  own 
or  the  other  fellow’s  organization  is  the  greatest 
obstacle  to  farmers  receiving  living  prices  for 
their  products? 

SEASON  OFF  TO  A  GOOD  START 

RECENT  trip  across  the  Northeast  im¬ 
presses  me  again  with  the  fact  that  this 
North  Country  of  ours  comes  the  nearest  to 
Paradise  on  earth  of  any  section  I  have  ever 
visited.  Particularly  is  this  true  at  this  time  of 
year  and  for  this  year.  Plentiful  and  general 
rains,  following  years  of  more  or  less  dry  weath¬ 
er,  have  thoroughly  soaked  the  ground,  raised 
the  water  table,  and  given  us  the  best  pastures 
and  meadows  in  many  years.  In  fact,  pastures 
throughout  most  of  the  Northeast  were  at  least 
ten  days  early,  and  I  never  remember  seeing 
them  look  so  well. 

The  new  seedings  came  through  the  winter 
well,  although  some  got  a  poor  start  because  of 
the  dry  weather  last  fall.  But  the  first  crop  of 
alfalfa  is  about  ready  to  cut. 

NEW  LEGUMES 

Those  new  legumes,  birdsfoot  trefoil  and 
ladino  clover,  are  spreading  rapidly.  In  Maine 
and  in  some  other  sections  of  the  Northeast, 
ladino  has  become  an  outstanding  hay  and  pas¬ 
ture  legume.  One  company  alone  sold  266 
pounds  of  ladino  seed  in  1938,  and  8,638  pounds 
in  1941.  Only  a  small  amount  of  seeds  is  re¬ 
quired  per  acre. 

A  BAD  WEED 

One  big  problem  in  both  new  and  old  mead¬ 
ows  is  the  rapid  increase  of  that  weed  commonly 
known  as  yellow  rocket.  It  looks  something  like 
mustard,  belongs  to  the  mustard  family,  but 
is  a  thousand  times  worse  than  mustard  ever 
was.  The  meadows  in  some  whole  neighborhoods 
are  yellow  with  the  stuff  and  it  crowds  out  the 
good  grasses  and  legumes.  Yellow  rocket  is  diffi¬ 
cult  to  control.  Some  farmers  are  trying  to  meet 
the  problem  by  cutting  the  meadows  filled  with 
yellow  rocket  early  before  it  seeds,  and  running 
it  into  the  silo. 

The  rains  of  several  days’  duration  held  up 
farm  operations  temporarily,  but  planting  was 
pretty  well  along  owing  to  good  weather  earlier 
in  the  season.  The  labor  shortage  is  the  greatest 
farm  problem,  and  is  getting  worse. 

MILK  PRODUCTION  UP 

As  a  result  of  turning  the  cows  out  early  in  the 
luscious  pastures,  milk  production  has  rapidly 
increased,  and  promises  to  reach  a  record  before 
the  end  of  June.  Incidentally  June  is  “Dairy 
Month”  when  milk  organizations  put  on  a  well 


planned  campaign  to  increase  consumption. 

Men  are  paying  absurdly  high  prices  for  none- 
too-good  cows,  and  as  a  result  some  dairymen 
are  becoming  over-capitalized  in  cows,  and,  if 
they  don’t  watch  out,  will  face  trouble  later 
when  lower  prices  come. 

On  the  whole,  the  season  is  off  to  a  fine  start. 
Prices  of  dairy  and  poultry  products  are  good, 
and  no  doubt  there  will  be  good  returns  for 
other  crops  at  the  end  of  the  season  if  farmers 
can  get  them  harvested.  If  food  production  isn’t 
high,  it  certainly  won’t  be  the  fault  of  the  farm¬ 
er,  for  I  have  never  known  the  farmer  and  his 
entire  family  to  work  so  hard  or  for  such  long 
hours  as  they  are  now  working. 

WHY  CULTIVATE? 

OW  MAD  it  used  to  make  me  when  I  was 
working  at  home,  or  for  a  neighbor,  to  finish 
dragging  a  big  field  and  then  have  Dad  or  my 
employer  make  me  go  all  over  it  again!  They 
said  it  insured  a  perfect  seed  bed,  but  after  I 
had  followed  an  old  plug  team  all  day  long  I 
had  lost  my  enthusiasm  for  a  perfect  seed  bed 
or  anything  else. 

All  of  these  old  memories  came  flocking  back 
again  the  other  day  when  a  neighbor  loaned  me 
a  team  to  do  some  harrowing.  I  now  know  what 
Dad  meant  when  he  said  the  best  time  to  cul¬ 
tivate  a  crop  was  before  it  is  planted. 

The  next  best  time  is  to  get  the  cultivator 
running  just  the  moment  you  can  see  the  rows. 
A  weed  cut  off  before  it  gets  a  good  start  saves 
a  whole  lot  of  trouble  later,  and,  by  the  way, 
don’t  load  the  stones  on  the  cultivator  to  make 
it  plow  deep.  The  shallower  the  cultivation,  the 
less  you  disturb  or  destroy  the  fine  meshwork 
of  roots  that  feed  the  plant  you  want  to  grow. 

NOT  FOR  UNTRAINED  MEN 

GET  A  little  tired  of  the  large  number  of 
popular  books  telling  how  easy  it  is  to  make 
a  living  from  a  few  acres  of  land.  Such  books 
lead  hundreds  of  city  people  to  disaster. 

For  thousands  of  years  before  man  was 
anything  else,  he  was  a  farmer.  That’s  the 
reason  why  love  of  country  life  and  farming  are 
in  the  blood  of  so  many  city  men,  and  why  so 
many  are  always  dreaming  of  the  day  when 
they  can  leave  the  city  and  go  to  farming. 
What  they  don’t  know  is  that  farming  is  one  of 
the  most  highly  skilled  occupations  in  the  world, 
requiring  for  success  a  large  amount  of  capital 
and  more  wise  management  than  is  required  for 
success  in  almost  any  other  business. 

GRANDPA’S  HAYING 

RANDPA  cut  his  hay  with  a  scythe,  raked 
it  by  hand,  or  a  little  later  with  a  wooden 
horserake  which  he  followed  behind  and  dump¬ 
ed  by  hand.  It  took  him  all  summer  to  do  the 
haying. 

Then,  in  his  later  years,  Grandpa  got  one  of 
those  new-fangled  mowing  machines  with  a  four 
foot  cutter  bar,  and  he  thought  that  was  the 
last  word  in  haying. 

But  Grandpa  was  wrong,  for  there  is  no  last 
word  in  anything,  and  haying  methods  and  ma¬ 
chinery,  like  everything  else,  have  changed  al¬ 
most  every  year  since  Grandpa’s  first  mowing 
machine.  For  a  description  of  some  of  the  lat¬ 
est  and  best  haying  practices,  read  the  article 
on  Page  1. 

Strange  to  say,  it  still  takes  all  summer  to  do 
the  haying  on  many  farms,  because  of  the  great 
increase  in  alfalfa  acreage.  Perhaps  the  most 


important  progress  that  has  been  made  in  hay¬ 
ing  methods  is  the  knowledge  that  hay  must  be 
cut  very  early  for  best  quality.  Some  of  that 
stuff  that  Grandpa  mowed  by  hand  along  in 
late  August  on  the  tail  end  of  his  haying  had 
little  more  nutritive  value  than  oat  straw. 

DO  YOUR  JOR 

“To  do  my  duty  in  that  state  of  life  to  which 
it  has  pleased  God  to  call  me.” 

— From  the  Church  of  England  Prayer  Book. 

THAT  beautiful  thought  is  good  at  any  time, 
but  especially  good  in  this  great  crisis.  So 
many  people  wear  themselves  out  hating  their 
own  jobs  and  way  of  life,  and  longing  for  what 
looks  like  the  green  pastures  over  the  fence.  But 
once  they  make  all  sacrifices  to  break  through 
the  fence,  they  too  often  find  that  there  are  just 
as  many  roots  and  stones  in  the  other  fellow’s 
pasture  as  there  are  in  their  own. 

This  applies  to  farmers  right  now.  Like  all 
other  good  citizens,  farm  folks  are  wondering 
if  they  can’t  do  something  more  to  help  win  the 
war.  Food  is  as  necessary  as  guns.  No  citizens 
of  America  have  a  greater  responsibility  or  duty 
in  this  war  than  the  farmer  and  his  family. 

HOW  COOPERATIVES  OPERATE 

OR  MANY  years  I  have  maintained  that  it 
was  not  necessary  for  all  dairymen  to  belong 
to  one  big  organization.  But  it  is  necessary  for 
the  large  and  small  cooperatives  to  work  in 
harmony  together  on  the  common  cause  of  get¬ 
ting  a  living  price  for  milk  for  dairymen. 

It  was  real  progress  when  so  many  dairy  co¬ 
operatives  joined  the  Metropolitan  Milk  Bar¬ 
gaining  Agency  in  order  to  solve  common  prob¬ 
lems.  Another  splendid  example  of  how  coop¬ 
eratives  can  work  together  for  the  common  good 
is  the  action  of  the  Dairymen’s  League  Coop¬ 
erative  Association  this  spring  in  handling  dis¬ 
tressed  and  surplus  milk  owned  by  small  coop¬ 
eratives  without  manufacturing  facilities.  The 
League  started  by  handling  only  a  comparative¬ 
ly  few  cans  of  milk  a  day  for  other  cooperatives. 
This  rapidly  increased,  until  the  League  is  hand¬ 
ling  close  to  4,000  cans  of  distressed  milk  a  day, 
thus  relieving  the  pressure  on  the  whole  indus¬ 
try  and  helping  directly  hundreds  of  dairymen 
who  are  members  of  the  smaller  cooperatives, 
and  all  dairymen  indirectly,  by  stabilizing  the 
market. 

x  Eastman’s  Chestnut 

MY  FRIENDS  who  know  Australians  say 
that  in  temperament,  courage,  and  brains 
they  are  very  much  like  our  own  Americans. 
There  is  a  story  about  an  American  who  was 
visiting  Australian  friends,  and  they  were  on  a 
trip  through  the  Australian  bush  when  a  herd 
of  bullocks  made  their  appearance. 

“What  are  those?”  inquired  the  American. 
“Bullocks,  of  course,”  came  the  reply. 

“In  America  they  are  three  times  as  big,”  was 
the  comment. 

A  mob  (an  Australian  does  not  say  flock)  of 
sheep  followed,  and  again  the  visitor  asked 
what  they  wefe. 

“Sheep,  of  course,”  answered  the  Australian. 
“Thought  they  were  rabbits,”  said  the  Am¬ 
erican. 

At  last  three  kangaroos  hopped  along. 
“What  are  those?”  asked  the  American. 
“Grasshoppers,  of  course!”  said  the  Aus¬ 
tralian.  “Beat  that  one  if  you  can,  darn  ye!” 


editor;  A1  Coleman,  art  editor;  Contributing  editors:  L.  B.  Skeffington.  Jared  Van  Wagenen.  Jr.,  Ed.  Mitchell,  raid  Work,  L.  E.  Weaver#  J.  C.  Huttar;  I.  W.  Ingalls,  advertising  manager. 
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Ai  nrican  Agriculturist,  June  6,  1942 


5  (335) 


A  Continued  Story  by 
C.  E.  LADD  and  E.  R.  EASTMAN 


CHAPTER  XXXIX. 

HAYING  IN  "THE  RAINY 
YEAR" 


H 


AYING  seldom  started  before 
the  Fourth  of  July.  All  through 
June,  we  had  to  cultivate  corn 
and  potatoes.  Milking  took 
longer,  too,  for  the  cows  were  flush 
with  plenty  of  green  grass  and  June 
was  our  biggest  month  in  the  dairy. 

We  had  a  guilty  feeling  that  haying 
ought  to  start  on  the  first  of  July,  but 
there  would  be  a  celebration  on  the 
Fourth  that  would  break  it  up,  so  work 
couldn’t  start  in  earnest  until  about 
the  fifth.  Then  we  felt  rushed  until 
all  the  hay  was  in  the  barn  about  three 
weeks  later. 

We  had  no  daily  paper,  no  telephone, 
and  no  weather  reports  that  reached 
us  regularly;  so  we  guessed  by  the  di¬ 
rection  of  the  wind,  the  appearance  of 
the  clouds,  the  look  of  the  setting 
sun,  and  various  other  signs  that  were 
much  more  than  superstitions,  for  the 
older  men  were  pretty  wise  in  the 
weather. 

It  was  “the  rainy  year,”  but  we 
didn’t  know  it  yet.  Dad  planted  six 
acres  of  flint  corn  on  a  beautifully  fit¬ 
ted  field  early  in  May,  and  a  cold  rain, 
lasting  almost  two  weeks,  caused  the 
seed  to  rot  in  the  ground.  So,  some  time 
in  June,  we  harrowed  it  all  up  and 
drilled  in  buckwheat.  In  these  days  of 
silos,  we  would  have  risked  later  corn; 
but  when  you  were  after  corn  to  husk, 
it  couldn’t  be  risked  so  late. 

With  all  that  preparation  and  fer¬ 
tilization,  we  had  a  wonderful  crop  of 
buckwheat.  Some  of  the  corn,  how¬ 
ever,  refused  to  be  killed  by  weather 
or  harrowing,  and  with  single  stalks 
of  corn  sticking  up  through  the  buck¬ 
wheat,  the  field  looked  messy.  It  was 
right  near  the  road,  and  it  hurt  Dad’s 
pride;  so  finally  we  went  out  and  pulled 
the  coin  as  if  it  were  weeds. 

The  other  field  of  corn  came  all 
right  for  reasons  which  I  cannot  re¬ 
member,  so  we  weren’t  short.  The 
rain  hesitated  long  enough  so  that  we 
got  the  corn  cultivated  and  hoed.  Of 
course,  we  had  hopes  that  the  rainy 
weather  was  over  then.  Sometimes  it 
seems  as  if  a  farmer  has  more  hopes 
than  anything  else. 

After  the  Fourth,  we  started  mow¬ 
ing  and  cleaned  up  a  few  little  patches 
around  the  barn  and  a  little  field  or 
two  without  trouble.  On  the  north 
meadow  there  was  an  elegant  crop  of 
Mammoth  clover.  The  stand  was  good, 
the  land  was  rich,  it  had  been  fertilized 
the  year  before,  and  a  rainy  June  gave 
it  a  wonderful  chance. 

“Better  than  two  tons  to  the  acre,” 
said  Dad,  and  it  looked  it.  I  did  the 
mowing.  The  knives  were  sharp,  but 
I  had  to  watch  every  minute  or  some¬ 
thing  would  happen  to  start  “clogging 
up”  ahead  of  the  cutter-bar.  Again 
and  again,  I  got  off  and  pulled  grass 
out  of  the  knives  until  I  cleared  them. 
The  horses  sweat  badly,  so  at  the  cor¬ 
ners  I  would  occasionally  stop,  lift 
their  collars,  and  wipe  off  the  sweat. 
We  never  had  galled  horses  and  were 
proud  of  it. 

I  knew  every  fast  stone  that  project¬ 
ed  above  the  surface  and  could  avoid 
them  even  if  they  were  pretty  well 
hidden  by  grass;  but  the  flat  stones 


that  stood  on  edge  in  such  a  way  as 
to  get  between  the  sections  and  break 
a  knife  were  an  occasional  nuisance. 
When  that  happened,  I  cussed  the 
skunks,  for  we  all  knew  that  skunks 
turned  the  stones  up  on  edge  during 
the  fall  and  spring  to  get  the  grubs 
or  insects  underneath. 

I  mowed  half  the  field  and  then 
stopped.  After  a  few  hours,  we  went 
out  and  shook  out  or  turned  some  of 
the  thick  green  bunches  so  that  they 
would  dry  more  evenly.  Then  we  got 
out  the  old  dump  rake  and  raked  the 
hay  into  windrows.  It  was  so  thick 
and  heavy  that  we  had  to  trip  the 
dump  mechanism  just  about  as  fast  as 
it  could  work.  Even  then,  the  windrows 
looked  ragged  and  strung  together. 

Our  next  job  would  be  to  cock  up  the 
hay  and,  as  every  farmer  knows,  we 
now  were  in  the  most  vulnerable  posi¬ 
tion  with  eight  or  ten  tons  of  heavy 
clover  hay  in  the  windrow. 

Then  it  began  to  rain.  “D -  it,” 

said  Dad,  “now  we’ll  have  to  shake 
those  windrows  all  out  to  dry!” 

But  I  didn’t  worry  much.  We  had 
a  little  hay  in  the  barn,  so  I  decided  to 
take  a  good  sleep  on  the  new  warm 
hay.  We  all  talked  a  lot  about  sleep¬ 
ing  in  the  haymow  on  a  rainy  day  with 
the  rain  pattering  on  the  shingles  over¬ 
head.  There  is  something  relaxing  and 
restful  about  it.  After  you  are  partly 
“slept  out,”  there  are  plenty  of  an¬ 
noyances,  too.  The  sharp,  stubby  ends 
of  the  grass  pricked  my  skin  every 
time  I  turned  over.  Then  various  kinds 
of  bugs  began  to  crawl  down  my  n^eck. 
After  a  little  of  this,  I  decided  I  was 
rested  and  ought  to  see  if  I  could  catch 
a  trout  or  two.  It  took  quite  a  while 


to  get  a  tin  can  full  of  angleworms  and 
dirt  and  to  untangle  my  fishing  tackle. 
I  had  to  split  a  BB  shot  for  a  sinker, 
and  cut  a  pole  after  I  got  to  the  woods. 
It  was  still  raining,  and  I  got  two 
trout — one  eight  inches  and  one  ten. 
I  also  got  well  wet  through. 

When  I  got  home,  Dad  admired  the 

fish  and  then  said,  “D -  this  rain! 

That  clover  isn’t  improving  a  bit.” 

The  next  morning  the  sky  began  to 
’lear,  the  rain  stopped,  and  while  it 
was  drying  off,  I  went  strawberrying 
in  Jake’s  orchard  where  the  berries  in 
deep  grass  grew  as  big  as  the  end  of 
my  thumb.  I  picked  enough  so  that 
Mother  could  make  two  short-cakes — 
one  in  the  big  rectangular  dripping 
pan  and  an  extra  one  in  a  pie  tin.  On 
the  way  home  it  rained  again  and  wet 
the  clover  hay.  Dad  loved  shortcake, 
so  he  only  said  “Darn  this  rain!”  at 
supper  time. 

The  next  day  it  rained  most  of  the 
day,  and  the  fourth  and  fifth  days  it 
still  rained.  We  could  see  that  beau¬ 
tiful  clover  getting  soggier  and  sog¬ 
gier.  Dad  became  almost  frantic.  He 
loved  to  get  in  his  crops  in  a  clean-cut 
manner  and  in  good  condition.  I  re¬ 
member  well  how  on  the  sixth  or  sev¬ 
enth  day  he  went  out  into  the  yard, 
shook  his  fist  at  the  sky,  damned  all 
the  weather  in  the  world,  and  shouted 
for  it  to  stop. 

Still  it  rained.  Dad  got  cross  and 
silent.  Mother  looked  worried.  I  went 
berrying  to  get  away  from  the  house. 
Dad  would  hardly  talk,  but  he  ate 
plenty  of  shortcake,  and  Mother  said 
philosophically  that  as  long  as  a  man 
eats  well,  he  will  probably  survive  the 
worry.  Anyhow,  it  is  hardest  on  the 
woman  just  to  live  with  a  man  when 
he  is  going  through  one  of  these  blue 
spells! 

“Every  stalk  of  it  is  ruined.  It’s  as 
brown  as  berry  bushes  and  about  as 
much  good.  I’d  plow  it  under  if  I 
could,  but  I  can’t.  Ten  tons  of  the 
finest  clover  hay  in  the  world  all  spoil¬ 
ed.”  That  and  much  more  was  the 
tenor  of  Dad’s  remarks. 

Then  on  Sunday  it  stopped  raining. 
The  sun  shone  bright  and  dry.  It  look¬ 
ed  just  as  bright  and  satisfied  as  if 
there  had  never  been  any  rain.  Mon¬ 
day  we  went  to  work  with  forks  and 


'jr:  i 


ie„Song  of  the  Lazy  Yatjner,^ 


MY  NEIGHBOR’S  raisin’ 
cain  again,  he  says  I’m 
a  poor  citizen.  He  claims  it 
is  a  crime  for  me  to  rest  my 
bones  when  I  should  be  a- 
sweatin’  out  of  e’vry  pore  to 
help  the  country  win  this 
war.  But  he’s  too  quick  to 
criticize,  the  secret  is  that  I 
am  wise  on  how  to  get  my 
work  all  done  and  still  not 
labor  in  the  sun.  It’s  just  a 
trick  of  management  that 
shows  I  am  intelligent;  in¬ 
stead  of  workin’  ’til  I  drop, 
I  use  my  brain  to  plan  each 
crop.  By  sittin’  down  be¬ 
neath  a  tree  I  figger  out 
things  to  a  tee,  and  then 
when  ev’rything’s  been  plan¬ 
ned  it’s  easy  for  the  hired 
hand,  with  some  help  from 
my  better  half,  to  plow  the 
corn  and  feed  the  calf. 

The  actual  work  of  grow- 
in’  more  is  not  the  most  im¬ 
portant  chore;  if  you  have 
all  the  work  laid  out  before 
the  crops  begin  to  sprout,  it’s 
easy  to  get  things  done  right 
and  still  not  work  ’til  late  at 
night.  My  neighbor’s  trouble  is  that  he  ain’t  got  the  sense  to  plan,  by 
gee;  so  when  it’s  time  to  plant  or  thrash  he’s  got  to  hurry  up  and  dash 
from  here  to  there  and  back  again  like  some  decapitated  hen.  He  never 
knows  what’s  cornin’  next,  he  always  looks  ’bout  half  perplexed,  while  I 
have  found  out  how  to  make  my  work  just  like  ice  cream  and  cake.  But 
still  it  sometimes  is  a  strain  for  me  to  exercise  my  brain  so  that  things 
will  go  like  a  top  and  we  can  grow  a  bigger  crop.  So  I  conserve  my 
qualities  of  managin’  with  greatest  ease  by  restin’  u£  agin  a  tree  where 
I  can  think  the  best,  by  gee,  while  Mirandy  and  the  hired  man  are  work- 
in’  on  the  jobs  I  plan. 


•r.sSS' 


The  Amateur  Poet’s 
Corner 


Because  of  the  number  of  contributions 
we  do  not  return  poems  not  published. 
Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

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and  each  poem  submitted  for  this  corner 
must  be  original  and  the  work  of  an 
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in  a  poem,  be  sure  to  state  whether  you 
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following  publication. 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist,  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

REMEMBERED  GARDEN 

The  years  of  childhood  go  on  winged 
feet 

Leaving  each  day  a  staid  and  grown-up 
thing, 

And  one  forgets  the  joy  of  birds  a-wing 
Save  for  memory’s  voice  when  spring 
rains  beat 

A  soft  tattoo  along  the  eaves  and  sweet 
Old-fashioned  myrtle  hangs  a  trellis 
swing 

For  ruby  throated  robins,  and  breezes 
bring 

Scent  of  plowed  fields  to  make  the 
dream  complete. 

How  strange  it  is,  no  garden  ever  seems 
Fair  as  the  one  that  haunts  my  wist¬ 
ful  dreams. 

— Alma  Robison  Higbee, 

Kansas  City,  Missouri. 


tedder.  Every  cock  of  hay  was  shaken 
out  and  dried  so  thoroughly  that  we 
didn’t  know  whether  to  try  raking 
again  or  pitching  it  together.  Finally 
we  pitched  in  and  got  it  into  messy 
awkward-looking  bunches.  The  hay 
was  brown,  terribly  brown,  and  had 
lost  many  of  its  leaves.  Mammoth 
clover  is  always  course  and  these  stems 
were  large,  coarse  and  woody.  It 
bunched  up  until  the  cocks  looked  larg¬ 
er  than  their  weight. 

“I’ll  be  d - d  if  I’ll  put  that  be¬ 

draggled  bunch  of  stems  into  my  barn,” 
said  Dad,  so  we  started  stacking.  Well, 
it  took  us  more  than  a  day  to  get  it 
into  the  stack,  even  with  John  and  Dan 
to  help.  John  was  supposed  to  be  an 
expert  stacker.  I  was  the  boy  and  had 
to  be  favored  a  little,  so  my  job  was 
to  pitch  each  forkful  from  the  place 
where  it  landed  on  the  stack  to  a  spot 
just  in  front  of  John.  Round  and 
round  the  stack  he  went,  placing  every 
forkful  just  right  and  indicating  to 
me  where  he  wanted  the  next  forkful 
placed  so  that  he  would  only  need  to 
move  it  a  few  inches  to  its  final  posi¬ 
tion.  I  think  that  was  where  I  learned 
to  pitch  a  nice,  clean,  uniform  forkful. 

It  was  pretty  work  and  highly  skill¬ 
ed.  “Keep  the  middle  high,”  said 
John,  “then  you  won’t  get  any  spoil¬ 
age.”  And  he  did  keep  the  middle  high 
until  I  felt  as  if  I  was  working  on  a 
sloping  roof  all  the  time. 

First  we  laid  layer  after  layer  until, 
with  all  the  settling,  we  had  built 
straight  sides  up  for  about  six  feet  from 
the  ground.  “Now,  we’ll  begin  laying 
out,”  said  John,  and  he  extended  the 
next  layer  a  foot  or  so  beyond  the 
straight-sided  base.  We  laid  around 
the  whole  stack;  then  the  next  layer 
inside,  but  lapping  over  about  half  to 
bind  the  outer;  then  the  next  one  in¬ 
side  this,  and  finally  a  well-tramped 
center. 

The  next  outer  layer  was  again  ex¬ 
tended  beyond  the  first  one,  until  a 
decided  bulge  had  been  built  in  the 
stack.  After  building  up  several  feet 
in  this  way,  John  began  to  draw  in 
the  successive  layers  towards  a  peak. 

Of  course,  the  stack  was  settling  all 
the  time,  but  at  the  end  it  was  pretty 
high  pitching,  so  much  so  that  two 
men  on  precarious  footholds  along  the 
side  of  the  stack  relayed  the  hay  in 
very  small  forkfuls  to  John  who  was 
alone  on  the  top. 

( Continued  on  Page  14) 


(336)  6 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  June  6,  1942 


This  is  the  sol 
dier  who  has  t 
eat  to  fight  - 


This  is  the  farmer 
who  has  to  grow  the 
food— 


This  is  the  Sinclair 
man  who  can  help  the 
farmer.  How?  By 
supplying  Sinclair 
fuels  and  lubricants 
to  keep  farm  ma¬ 
chinery  running. 


WITH  new  farm  machinery  hard  to  get  — 
with  breakdowns  and  lay-ups  to  be 
avoided,  with  farm  labor  scarce  —  now, 
more  than  ever  before  —  phone  or  write 
your  local  Sinclair  Agent,  His  trucks 
deliver  a  complete  line  of  Sinclair 
products  direct  to  farms. 


^ _ 


OIL  IS  AMMUNITION -USE  IT  WISELY 


HOTEL  GREAT  NORTHERN 

III  Centrally  located  in  midtown  ■ 

II  New  York.  Near  Radio  City,  I 
1 1  theatres,  fine  shops.  Large  com-  g 
1 1  fortable  and  attractive 
II  ROOM  AND  BATH  from... 

I  AAA  Hotel.  Garage  ad- 
I  joins  our  111  West  56th 
I  St.  entrance.  Folder  Per  day. 

|  118  WEST  57th  ST.,  NEW  YORK 


VEGETABLE  PLANTS:  150  £™f0sN.TH,s 

CABBAGE:  Copenhagen  Market,  Goldenacre,  Flatdutch, 
Railhead  and  Marion  Market  (All  seasons  Yellows  Re¬ 
sistant)  Prices:  500,  $1.25:  1000,  $2.00  prepaid;  10,000, 
$12.50  expressed  collect.  TOMATO:  Rutgers,  Marglobe. 
Stokesdale,  Master  Marglobe,  Bonnybest.  Prices:  $2.00 
per  1000.  Sweetpotato  Plants:  Portorico,  Nancyhall, 
Cuban  Yams  $2.00,  1000.  Pepper:  California  Wonder. 
Rubyking,  $3.50,  1 000.  We  use  CERTIFIED  (treated) 
seeds,  cultivate  our  plants  in  rows  and  grade  them  be¬ 
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CABBAGE,  CAULIFLOWER.  BROCCOLI  and  TOMATO 
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and  Railhead,  Penn  State,  Red.  Savoy,  etc.  Yellows 
Resistant  Copenhagen,  Marion  Market  and  Wisconsin 
Hollander,  I000-$2.00  ,  5000-$9.00.  Broccoli,  Sprouts  and 
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Ke-Rooted.  F.  W.  ROCHELLE  &  SONS,  Chester,  N.  1. 


NIAGARA  FALLS 
INVITES  YOU  ! 

For  a  vacation  trip  —  or  enroute 
to  Canada  —  plan  to  spend  a  few 
days  in  the  wonderland  of  Am¬ 
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Write  for  Folder 
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Langford  H.  Vanderslice,  Mgr. 
NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 


In  the  Wrong  " 

—  “PASTURE” 

Dairymen  Repair  Fences  Against  John  L.  Lewis 


NEVER  BEFORE  have  dairy¬ 
men  united  so  wholeheartedly 
against  un-wanted  and  un-ask- 
ed  for  help  as  they  have  to  op¬ 
pose  the  John  Lewis  plan  to  swallow 
dairy  farmers  and  make  them  a  part 
of  United  Mine  Workers  No.  50.  What 
are  they  worrying  about?  Certainly 
they  have  no  fears  that  John  Lewis  or 
his  henchmen  can  persuade  them  to 
sign  away  their  rights.  What  they 
fear,  and  rightly  so,  is  that  they  will 
be  dragged  into  such  a  Union  against 
their  will! 

Yet  John  Lewis  boasts  that  he  was 
“invited”  into  the  Milk  Shed,  and  that 
his  help  was  earnestly  solicited.  We 

wonder  by  whom.  Certainly  not  by 

those  who  wrote  these  letters  and  pass¬ 
ed  these  resolutions.  For  example, 
here  is  one  from  a  Grange  in  Tompkins 
County,  New  York: 

“At  its  regular  meeting  Tuesday 
evening,  May  12,  Enfield  Valley  Grange 
No.  295  voted  to  go  on  record  as  en¬ 
dorsing  the  stand  taken  by  American 
Agriculturist  in  opposing  the  efforts  of 
John  L.  Lewis  to  persuade  the  dairy 
farmers  of  America  to  affiliate  with 
his  United  Mine  Workers  Union.” — 
L.  R.,  Secretary. 

“Utterly  Opposed” 

Certainly  there  is  no  question  in  the 
minds  of  the  Grangers  who  voted  “yes” 
on  the  following: 

“Montgomery  County,  New  York, 
Pomona  Grange  in  session  at  Haga- 
man,  April  18,  1942,  goes  on  record  as 
utterly  opposed  to  any  program  that 
proposes  to  affiliate  farmers  or  dairy¬ 
men  with  any  labor  organizations  or 
with  the  United  Mine  Workers  of 
America  in  particular,  and  resolves 
that  all  Grange  members  use  their  best 
endeavor  to  resist  this  movement  in 
every  way  possible.” 

The  Western  District  Federation  of 
Home  Bureaus  adopted  the  following 
resolution  at  their  meeting  at  James¬ 
town,  New  York,  on  May  19,  1942: 

“The  women  of  the  Western  District 
Federation  of  Home  Bureaus,  consist¬ 
ing  of  the  counties  of  Allegany,  Chau¬ 
tauqua,  Cattaraugus,  Erie,  Genesee, 
Monroe,  Niagara,  Orleans,  Ontario, 
Steuben,  Livingston,  Wayne,  and  Wy¬ 
oming,  and  the  City  of  Buffalo,  view 
with  alarm  the  proposed  encroachment 
of  the  United  Mine  Workers  on  the 
free  agricultural  industry  of  the  coun¬ 
try,  and  wish  to  go  on  record  as  being 
unalterably  opposed  to  the  plans  being 
carried  forward  by  John  L.  Lewis  and 
his  associates  to  organize  the  milk  in¬ 
dustry  as  a  branch  of  the  C.  I.  O.”— R. 
M.  K.,  Secretary. 

To  clinch  the  story,  here  are  two 
comments  from  individual  dairymen: 
Dear  Editor  Ed: 

I  was  in  the  middle  of  a  C.I.O.  fight 
five  years  ago  in  Auburn — in  fact,  we 
were  the  first  to  make  any  effort  to 
stop  it — and  I  know  only  too  well  what 
it  is  all  about  and  who  is  behind  it. 
Meanwhile,  more  power  to  you,  and 
good  luck. — E.  M.  B.,  Auburn,  Maine. 

Dear  Mr.  Eastman: 

I  am  much  concerned  at  the  attempt 
of  the  John  L.  Lewis  Mine  Workers  to 
exploit  the  farmers  by  trying  to  union¬ 
ize  them.  Your  article  in  this  week’s 
paper  was  a  fine  one,  and  I  wish  that 
every  farmer  in  the  country  might 
read  it.  I  feel  sure  that  if  they  had 
the  facts  they  would  not  “fall4’  for  this 
movement.  Are  any  funds  available 
that  there  might  be  a  reprint  of  this 
article  made  and  sent  to  farmers  over 


a  very  wide  area?  I  feel  that  if  the 
individual  farmers  could  know  the 
facts,  they  would  resist. — M.  S.  H., 
Springfield,  Mass. 

(EditoiFs  Note:  It  may  reassure  you  to 
know  that  effective  steps  are  being  taken 
by  dairymen  in  other  areas  to  resist  the 
John  L.  Lewis  plan  to  get  control  of  the 
country’s  food  supply.) 

Our  Own  Leaders 

From  Webster  Grange  in  western 
New  York  comes  this  resolution: 

“It  Is  Resolved,  That  Webster 
Grange  No.  436  oppose  the  organiza¬ 
tion  of  any  agricultural  group  by  any 
Labor  Union;  and 

“It  Is  Further  Resolved,  That  Web¬ 
ster  Grange  No.  436  has  confidence  in 
the  state  and  national  farm  leaders 
and  in  the  existing  farm  organizations 
including  the  New  York  State  Confer¬ 
ence  Board  of  Agricultural  Organiza¬ 
tions  in  their  work  on  behalf  of  agri¬ 
culture;  and 

“It  Is  Further  Resolved,  That  im¬ 
mediate  steps  be  taken  to  inform  farm¬ 
ers  concerning  the  real  motives  of 
John  L.  Lewis  and  the  Labor  Union 
groups  attempting  to  organize  farmers, 
and  that  adequate  publicity  be  given 
to  combat  such  Labor  Union  move¬ 
ments  in  agriculture,  and  to  build  up 
support  for  a  united  farm  organiza¬ 
tion.” 

On  Record 

When  the  Pomona  Grange  in  Onon¬ 
daga  County  met  recently,  this  is  the 
action  they  took: 

“Whereas,  There  is  a  movement  un¬ 
der  way  to  organize  New  York  dairy¬ 
men  in  labor  organizations  such  as 
United  Mine  Workers  of  America, 
C.I.O.,  and  A.  F.  of  L.;  and 

“Whereas,  Onondaga  County  Po¬ 
mona  Grange  members  feel  that  such 
organization  would  be  opposed  to  the 
best  interests  of  all  dairymen; 

“Be  It  Resolved,  That  Onondaga 
County  Pomona  Grange  go  on  record 
opposing  any  such  organization.” 

In  the  same  county,  the  County 
Farm  Bureau  Executive  Committee 
passed  the  following  resolution: 

“Whereas,  Farmers  now  have  their 
own  strong  organizations  through 
which  they  can  work  for  their  mutual 
interests;  and 

“Whereas,  There  is  a  movement  to 
organize  dairy  farmers  through  Dis¬ 
trict  No.  50,  United  Mine  Workers; 

“Resolved,  We  strongly  oppose  such 
action  and  urge  all  farmers  to  ignore 
efforts  to  enroll  them  with  organized 
labor,  and  as  such,  condemn  John  L. 
Lewis’  efforts  to  organize  dairy  farm¬ 
ers. 

“Resolved,  We  strongly  support  the 
efforts  of  Free  Farmers,  Inc.,  in  oppos¬ 
ing  this  movement  which  would  have 
a  disastrous  effect  upon  our  agriculture 
and  its  democratic  principles. 

“The  committee,  however,  believes  in 
the  right  of  labor  to  organize  to  pro¬ 
mote  through  lawful  and  legitimate 
methods  the  rightful  interests  of  the 
industrial  worker,  just  as  it  believes  in 
the  right  of  farmers  or  any  other 
group  of  citizens  to  organize  for  the 
purpose  of  promoting  in  a  lawful  and 
legitimate  manner  their  rightful  inter¬ 
ests.” 

“Undemocratic — Unpatriotic” 

When  eight  farmers,  who  are  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  Patrons’  Committee  of  the 
Kingston,  New  York,  Service  Agency, 
met  they  expressed  their  sentiments  in 
this  way: 

“We,  the  committee  and  patrons  of 
( Continued  on  Page  12) 


WITH  THESE  HIGH  MILK  PRICES,  I  figured  the 
producing  right  up  to  capacity.  Couldn’t  adi 
Better  feeding  looked  like  the  best  way. 

Mister,  a  better  feeding  and  management  plan 
Purina  Dairy  Cycle  Plan.  You  should  see  the  way 
less  bag,  breeding  or  calving  troubles,  either. 


best  way  to  make  good  profits  was  to  get  my  herd 
i  more  barn  room  and  didn’t  want  to  buy  cows. 

sure  did  the  trick!  I  put  my  whole  herd  on  the 
they’re  filling  up  the  pails!  Never  saw  them  with 


DRY  COWS.  I  started  the  dry  cows  off  on  the 
Purina  Plan,  and  I’ll  swear  I  never  had  cows 
come  in  in  better  condition.  They  calved  and 
cleaned  in  great  shape,  and  many  are  milking 
heavier  than  they  did  a  year  ago. 


CALVES.  To  have  more  milk  to  sell,  I  fed 
all  the  calves  on  Purina  Calf  Startena.  It’s  lots 
cheaper  to  feed  than  milk  today.  Easy  to  feed, 
too.  Just  pour  it  in  a  trough.  I  wish  you  could 
see  the  big,  husky  calves  I’m  raising! 


HEIFERS.  My  heifers  are  just  getting  a  good 
start  on  the  Purina  Plan,  but  they’re  way  ahead 
of  heifers  I  used  to  raise  on  hay 
and  grain.  I  sure  can  see  where 
they’re  going  to  make  me  some 
mighty  good  cows. 

PURINA  MILLS 

Buffalo,  N.  Y.  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt. 

Wilmington,  Dei. 


MILKING  COWS.  It’s  in  the  milking  herd 
where  you  see  the  biggest  difference.  Cows  in 
real  condition.  Licking  up  their  feed.  Soft 
hides.  Udders  in  good  shape.  No  need 
to  tell  you,  these  cows  are  filling  a  lot 
of  milk  cans. 

Mr.  Dairyman ,  it’s  worth  real  money  to 
you  to  get  capacity  production  from  your 
herd.  That’s  the  job  hundreds  of  dairymen 
are  doing  on  the  Purina  Dairy  Cycle  Plan. 
See  your  Purina  dealer  or  send  for  our  free 
book  giving  the  whole  Plan. 


Send  tor 'TAM,  Book  on  PURINA  DAIRY  CYCLE  PLAN 


Madame  Cliiang  Kai-Sliek 
Woman-of-tke-Montii 

IN  June  we  honor  Madame  Chiang,  wife 
of  Generalissimo  Chiang  Kai-Shek  of 
China.  She  has  earned  not  only  the  title 
the  First  Lady  of  China,  but  perhaps  the 
First  Lady  of  the  World,  through  her 
unstinted  devotion  to  her  country  and  to 
her  people. 

The  youngest  of  the  three  famous  Soong 
sisters,  Mayling,  was  born  June  5,  1897.  At 
the  age  of  nine  she  was  sent  to  America  to 
school  at  Wesleyan  College  in  Macon, 
Georgia.  The  bright-eyed  little  Chinese 
girl  never  dreamed  that  she  was  destined 
to  become  the  most  influential  woman  in 
the  world.  As  a  child  she  often  quarreled 
with  other  children.  One  day  her  teacher 
asked,  “Aren’t  you  ashamed  to  storm  about 
like  this?”  Mayling  replied,  “Teacher  I 
rather  enjoy  it!” 

In  1913  she  went  to  Wellesley  College, 
enrolling  as  a  freshman.  Here  “she  was 
always  questioning,  asking  the  nature  of 
ideas,  the  definitions  of  literature  and  of 
religion.”  Graduating  from  Wellesley  in 
1917,  Mayling  Soong  went  back  to  China, 
after  spending  ten  of  her  most  formative 
years  in  the  United  States. 

At  the  home  of  her  sister,  who  had  mar¬ 
ried  the  great  Dr.  Sun  Yat-sen,  Chiang 
Kai-Shek  first  saw  Mayling  Soong.  He  was 
deeply  impressed  and  determined  to  marry 
her.  But  Mayling  wasn’t  easily  won!  Ten 
years  he  waited  for  her  consent,  meeting 
serious  objection  from  her  mother  because 
he  was  not  a  Christian.  Finally  the  mother 
relented  when  Chiang  promised  to  study 
the  new  religion  with  an  open  mind  —  a 
promise  he  has  fulfilled  faithfully,  finally 
accepting  Christianity  as  his  own. 

After  her  marriage,  life  was  no  longer 
“easy  and  comfortable”  for  Mayhng.  Her 
whole  being  was  linked  with  her  husband’s 
activities  as  Commander-in-Chief.  She 
went  with  him  on  all  his  campaigns.  As  his 
chief  advisor,  she  became  a  vital  partner  in 
the  affairs  of  the  Government. 

Madame  initiated  social  reform  all  over 
China.  Just  as  her  husband  was  leading  the 
political,  economic  and  military  affairs  of 
the  nation,  she  was  leading  the  movement 
which  was  known  throughout  the  West  as 
“Spiritual  Mobilization.”  It  meant  the  un¬ 
romantic  hard  work  of  organizing  orphan¬ 
ages,  the  opening  of  work  relief  for  war 
widows  and  starving  women,  the  training 
classes  of  girls.  It  meant  mobilization  of  the 
entire  country  along  sacrificial  lines. 

Problems  were  tackled  by  Madame  Chiang 
Kai-Shek  from  every  conceivable  point  of 
view.  Then  she  proceeded  to  solve  them  by 
all  the  ways  and  means  of  her  disposal,  never 
losing  sight  of  the  ultimate  objective,  nor 
being  diverted  by  any  difficulty. 

Madame  Chiang  Kai-Shek  is  more  beau¬ 
tiful  than  she  appears  in  any  picture,  be¬ 
cause  pictures  lose  the  force  of  her  coloring, 
her  sleek  black  hair  and  perfect  skin.  She 
has  a  quick  sense  of  humor,  but  even  in  her 
cheerful  moods  one  detects  an  undertone  of 
seriousness.  Here  is  a  woman  who  not  only 
recognizes  the  needs  of  her  countiy,  but 
shoulders  the  burden  and  responsibilities 
of  filling  those  needs.  Ever  growing,  she 
explains  her  philosophy  in  simple  words: 

“Life  is  really  simple,  and  yet  how  con¬ 
fused  we  make  it.  In  old  Chinese  art,  there 
is  just  one  outstanding  object,  perhaps  a 
flower,  on  a  scroll.  Everything  else  in  the 
picture  is  subordinated  to  that  one  beautiful 
thing.  An  integrated  life  is  like  that.  What  is 
that  one  flower?  As  I  see  it  now,  it  is  the 
will  of  God.  But  to  know  His  will,  and  do 
it,  calls  for  absolute  sincerity,  absolute  hon¬ 
esty  with  one’s  self,  and  it  means  using 
one’s  mind  to  the  best  of  one’s  ability.” 

Indeed,  Mme.  Chiang  Kai-Shek  is  the 
Woman-of-the-Month  for  June. 

WM.  H.  DANFORTH,  Chairman , 
Ralston  Purina  Company ,  St.  Louis 3 


(338)  S 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  June  6,  1942 


DE  LAVAL  MILKERS 

ARE  HELPING 

WIN  THE  BATTLE  OF  MILK  PRODUCTION 


SAVE  HALF  YOUR 


MILKING  TIME 


^5n>t  LAVM  irruHEIIC 


MILKER 

WORLD'S  BEST 
method  OF 

MILKING 


CLEANER  MILK 

WITHOUT  REJECTIONS 


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milker 

De  laval 
Wality  milking 

AT 

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GREAT  DE  LAVAL  MILKERS 


THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  COMPANY 

NEW  YORK  CHICAGO  SAN  FRANCISCO 

165  Broadway  427  Randolph  St.  61  Beale  St. 


Smart,  thrifty  women  everywhere 
will  welcome  the  summer  edition 
of  our  Fashion  Book,  the  “Victory” 
issue.  it  is  full 
of  new,  smart 
styles  which  ex¬ 
actly  fit  the 
needs  of  the 
hour. 

So  many  who 
sew  want  to  do 
their  bit  for  the 
Red  Cross  —  a 
million  garments 
are  needed  by 
the  Red  Cross  this  year. 

To  order  this  Fashion  Book  send 
12c  in  stamps  or  coin  to  Pattern 
Department,  American  Agricultur¬ 
ist,  10  North  Cherry  Street,  Fough- 
keepsie  New  York. 


BLIZZARD 

ENSILAEE  CUTTER  -  HAY  CHOPPER 


11 


LEAPS  FROM 


K 


Your  Blizzard  is  more  valuable  than  ever !  It 
saves  labor,  time,  money.  Handles  any  cron 
wet,  green  or  dry  —  delivers  anywhere, 
any  angle.  Keep  your  Blizzard  in  tip-top 
Condition  .  .  .  check  up  now  and  order 
needed  repair  arts  from  your  nearest 
BLIZZARD  deal¬ 
er  or  distributor. 


BLIZZARD  MFG.  CO. 

Box  A, 

CANTON,  OHIO 


I  A  DfC  CTCICK  new— used  tractor  parts  for  sale 
LiBIvVJIj  0 1  V/V.IV  cheap.  Order  nearest  branch. 
Catalog  free. 

IRVING’S  TRACTOR  LUG  CO..  Galesburg.  Ill 


WTR  Y 

^Ihe  Qe&t  tf-tuesui 
the  tf-abme/i  ettai 


ON  YOUR  DIAL 


KEEPING  THEM  = 

W.  larni  OI|  j  ||<h  FARM 


WITH  factory  wheels  turning  twen¬ 
ty-four  hours  a  day,  seven  days 
a  week,  and  with  factory  employees 
“dragging  down”  fat  pay  envelopes, 
the  question  of  keeping  youngsters  on 
the  farm  has  dairy  farmers  scratch¬ 
ing  the  place  where  their  hair  used  to 
be.  But  study  the  accompanying  pic¬ 
ture  and  ask  yourself  this  question, 
“With  pets  like  these,  how  ya  gonna 
get  ’em  off  the  farm?” 

The  picture  shows  Alton  and  Helen 
Reed,  children  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry 
T.  Reed,  Ithaca,  New  York,  and  their 
neighbor  and  fellow  4-H  club  member, 
Gladys  Weibly. 

Though  he  doesn’t  look  it,  Alton  is 
now  15  and  has  been  in  4-H  club  work 
for  five  years.  He  and  his  sister, 
Helen,  have  been  competing  in  friend¬ 
ly  rivalry  with  their  4-H  Guernseys 
ever  since  Alton  was  big  enough  to 
hold  one  end  of  a  lead  rope. 

As  is,  in  the  writer’s  opinion,  per¬ 
fectly  proper,  both  Alton  and  Helen 
started  their  projects  with  what  was 
available  in  the  home  herd.  Like  all 
kids  they  enjoy  fitting  and  showing 
their  animals.  They  first  came  to  my 
attention  at  the  Tompkins  County  Fair 
in  1939,  where  they  were  showing  their 
heifers  and  calves.  It  would  have  been 
hard  to  find  a  better  fitted  and  trained 
group.  These  kids  had  done  a  swell 
job  with  what  they  had.  The  sire  of 
these  animals,  however,  had  a  batting 
average  of  100%  in  siring  everything 
that  a  judge  dislikes — pinched  muzzles, 
pinched  heart  girths,  shallow  middles, 
w’eak  hacks,  narrow  rumps,  crooked 
hind  legs,  and,  in  spite  of  being  well 
fed,  small  size. 

After  watching  Helen  and  Alton  do 
their  best  with  these  hopeless  crea¬ 
tures,  we  were  seized  with  a  solemn 
resolve  to  keep  our  eyes  open  for  some 
heifers,  which  they  could  buy,  that 
would  give  them  the  chance  that  their 
energies  deserved. 

Lucky  Lucy 

A  few  weeks  later  we  came  across 
a  yearling  heifer  that  exactly  filled  the 
bill.  We  inquired  as  to  her  availabil¬ 
ity,  found  she  could  be  bought  at  a 
most  reasonable  price,  and  hastened  to 
tell  the  Reed  family  about  her.  As  a 
result  the  heifer,  bearing  the  euphoni¬ 
ous  name  of  Locust  Lawn’s  Lucky 
Lucy,  carrying  service  to  one  of  the 
most  promising  young  bulls  in  the 
state,  was  purchased  as  an  addition  to 
Alton’s  4-H  herd. 

The  following  January  when  Lucy 
presented  her  youthful  owner  with  a 
beautiful  heifer  calf  there  was  much 
rejoicing  in  the  Reed  family.  Although 
she  was  only  two  years  and  one  month 
old  when  her  calf  was  born,  Lucy  im¬ 


mediately  began  to  astonish  her  ad¬ 
miring  family  by  her  excellent  produc¬ 
tion.  Let  it  be  said  right  here  that 
she  had  been  very  well  grown  and 
carefully  prepared  for  the  grinding 
ordeal  of  her  first  year’s  production. 

As  a  result  of  her  careful  develop¬ 
ment  before  freshening,  and  her  proper 
feeding  afterward,  this  beautiful  heifer 
pi’od  ed  8953  lbs.  milk  and  491  lbs. 
butterfat  in  335  days  on  strictly  twice- 
a-day  milking.  Even  though  her  sec¬ 
ond  calf  was  due  within  a  year  from 
the  birthday  of  her  first,  it  was  difficult 
to  get  Lucy  dry. 

Almost  a  year  to  a  day  after  her 
first  calf  was  born,  Lucy’s  second 
daughter,  Lucky  Lassy,  made  her  ap¬ 
pearance.  Immediately  thereafter  Lucy 
started  right  off  to  make  her  owner 
happy  with  her  generous  flow  of  rich 
golden  milk.  In  the  first  305  days  of 
this  second  lactation,  8253  lbs.  milk 
and  474  lbs.  of  fat  have  been  credited 
to  her. 

A  Show  Cow 

As  a  two-year-old,  Lucy  won  4-H 
and  open  class  grand  championships  at 
the  Tompkins  County  Fair.  Two 
weeks  later  she  annexed  the  4-H 
Guernsey  Championship  ribbon  at  the 
State  Fair.  Her  daughters  ‘promise  to 
equal  if  not  exceed  the  show  ring  and 
milk  pail  performance  of  their  lovely 
mother. 

Last  summer  a  thorough  search  was 
conducted  for  a  young  bull  with  which 
to  head  this  budding  herd  and  likewise 
the  herds  of  Alton’s  father  and  sister. 
The  result  of  the  search  was  the  pur¬ 
chase  of  the  roguish  looking  youngster 
in  the  picture,  Elmwood  Farms  Royal 
Rogue.  Certainly  if  ever  a  young  bull 
were  properly  named,  this  one  is. 

From  4-H  to  4-H 

Both  of  Lucy’s  daughters  are  sired 
by  a  grandson  of  both  of  Miss  Dorothy 
Onderdonk’s  foundation  4-H  heifers, 
King’s  Monie  of  Munroholm  and  Tar- 
bell  B’arms  Ultra  Patricia.  This  bull’s 
sire  has  an  index  based  on  21  dam- 
daughter  comparisons  of  10635  lbs. 
milk  and  517  lbs.  fat.  His  dam  has 
four  daughters  whose  records  average 
10504  lbs.  milk  and  515  lbs.  fat.  Two 
of  these  four  daughters  are  full  sisters 
to  this  bull.  Their  six  records  average 
11048  lbs.  milk  and  546  lbs.  fat. 

Alton  Likely  to  Stay  Down  on 
the  Farm 

Meet  Alton  anywhere  and  you  will 
soon  learn  of  the  accomplishments  and 
escapades  of  Lucy,  Lady,  Lassy  and 
Rogue.  To  say  he  is  interested  is  to 
put  it  mildly.  He  is  all  wrapped  up  in 
(Continued  on  Page  17) 


TRACTORS,  TRUCKS,  CARS,  PUMPS  l 


''a  I  H 


OIL  IS  AMMUNITION 


Making  sure  that  your  machinery  stays 
in  good  condition  is  one  of  the  biggest 
problems  on  a  farm  today. 

That’s  one  reason  why  thousands  of  farmers 
insist  on  Gulflube  Motor  Oil.  They’ve  found 
that  this  tough,  reasonably  priced  oil  does  a 
whale  of  a  lubrication  job  for  tractors,  cars, 
pumps,  trucks,  and  other  farm  machinery. 

Today,  give  your,  farm  equipment  the  pro¬ 
tection  it  needs  to  make  it  last  the  duration  .  . . 
change  to  Gulflube  .  .  .  and  change  your  Gulf- 
lube  regularly! 


HOW  TO  DO  IT 

by  R.  J.  S.  Pigott 

Gulf  Research  and  Development  Division 


Read  these  two  tips  on  tractor  care 


ITo  catch  water  and  dust 
■  before  they  get  into  the 
carburetor,  most  farm  tractors 
have  sediment  bulbs.  When 
you’re  operating  your  tractor, 
this  bulb  must  be  taken  out 
and  cleaned  .  .  .  often.  A  lot  of 
these  sediment  bulbs  have 
screens.  These  screens  should 
be  taken  out,  too,  and  then 
washed  with  kerosene. 


A  Good  Farmer  Doesn’t  Guess -He  Knows! 


MAYBE  there  used  to  be  a  time  when  a 
farmer  could  manage  his  farm  by  shrewd 
guesswork.  But — all  that  has  been  changed. 
Knowledge  is  a  farmer’s  biggest  advantage  in 
making  a  success  today! 

Because  this  is  true,  Gulf  regularly  publishes 
a  page  of  facts  about  our  Farm  Aids.  Whether 
you  buy  them  or  not  is  strictly  up  to  you.  But 
we  believe  every  farmer  should  know  something 
about  these  outstanding  Farm  Aids  .  .  .  and 
how  they  can  help  you  on  your  farm. 

So  here — in  streamlined  form — are  the  main 
facts  on  two  of  these  widely  used  products : 


Fly  Time  Is  Spray  Time 

Gulf  Livestock  Spray — made  of  pyrethrum,  the 
time-tested,  insect-killing-and-repelling  ingre¬ 
dient,  and  a  mild,  light  oil  base — does  two  im¬ 
portant  jobs.  It  kills  flies,  lice,  and  ticks  when 
you  spray  it  on  these  insects  .  .  .  And  it  repels 
stable  and  horn  Hies,  mosquitoes,  and  gnats  in 
the  barn  as  well  as  pasture.  This  helps  you  re¬ 
duce  that  insect  annoyance,  which  so  often  cuts 
milk  production.  Can  be  sprayed  at  milking 
time  (to  quiet  your  cows  for  milking)  without 
imparting  odor  or  taste  to  the  milk.  Sold  on  the 
basis  of  Satisfaction  Guaranteed  or  your  Money 
Back. 


2  Here’s  an  easy  job  —  but 

■  one  which  must  be  done 
daily:  Remove  the  cup  at  the 
bottom  of  the  air  cleaner,  wash 
it  with  kerosene,  and  then  fill 
it  to  the  mark  with  fresh,  light 
engine  oil.  This  keeps  trouble¬ 
making  dusty  air  from  getting 
into  the  engine. 


2.  You’ll  find  extra  protection  for  the  lubri¬ 
cation  of  Transmissions,  Final  Drives,  and  Pow¬ 
er  take-offs  in  Gulf  Transgear  Lubricants  E.P. 
These  Gulf  Farm  Aids  are  also  suitable  for  use 
in  truck  wheel  bearings  and  truck  rollers  where 
a  fluid  lubricant  is  necessary.  Gulf  Transgear 
Lubricants  E.P.  are  recommended  for  oil-type 
steering  gears  and  universal  joints,  too. 


1.  Gulf  lex  Chassis  Lubricants  S  and  W  are 

highly  stable  .  .  .  resistant  to  deterioration  by 
heat,  cold,  water,  or  extreme  pressure.  They  will 
remain  in  bearings  for  long  periods  without 
running  out.  They  are  designed  for  general 
chassis  lubrication  of  cars,  trucks,  and  tractors. 


iw 


Gulf  fuels  and  lubricants  are  available  at 
your  Good  Gulf  station  and  at  Gulf  dis¬ 
tributing  plants.  Gulf  spray.  Gulf  Livestock 
Spray,  and  other  Gulf  products  for  home 
and  farm  are  sold  at  Gulf  stations,  grocery, 
drug,  hardware,  and  variety  stores  ...  at 
milk  gathering  stations  and  by  feed  stores* 


60-page  Tractor  Manual 

FREE! 

This  book  is  a  complete,  non¬ 
technical  encyclopedia  on 
tractor  operation  and  main¬ 
tenance,  compiled  and  edited 
by  Gulf’s  experts.  It’s  a  book? 
you’d  have  to  pay  a  dollar  to 
buy.  But — we  meant  what  we 
said — it’sfree,in  limited  quan¬ 
tities,  to  tractor  operators 
only.  Send  a  postcard  to  Gulf  Farm  Aids, 
Room  3800,  Gulf  Building,  Pittsburgh, 
Pa., for  your  copy.  Please  state  the  type 
or  types  of  tractors  you  operate. 


Maybe  you  once  called  it  “junk!”  But,  at  present, 
old,  worn-out  farm  machines  are  calculated  to  yield 
millions  of  tons  of  steel  to  our  government.  So,  co¬ 
operate  with  local  salvage  work.  Release  the  scrap 
metal  you  can  spare  to  Uncle  Sam.  Put  all  the  ma¬ 
chines  you  have  to  work! 


(340)  IQ 


:ricaa  Agriculturist,  June  6,  1B42 


A.  A,  —  Grange 
Bread  Contest  News 


Pri  zcs  and  First  Winners 


WELL  UNDER  way  now  is  the 
State  Grange  bread  contest — the 
tenth  annual  baking  competition  to  be 
sponsored  jointly  by  the  Grange  and 
American  Agriculturist.  The  honor  of 
being  first  Subordinate  Grange  in  the 
State  to  hold  its  contest  and  report 
on  it  goes  to  Lake  Placid  Grange,  Es¬ 
sex  County,  with  Mrs.  Olive  Goff  of 
Lake  Placid  the  lucky  winner.  Names 
of  other  winners  received  to  date  are 
given  below. 

Enthusiastic  letters  are  coming  in 
from  many  Service  and  Hospitality 
Committee  chairmen,  who  have  charge 
of  the  local  contests.  Here  are  ex¬ 
cerpts  from  just  a  few  of  them : 

“Much  enthusiasm  was  shown  over  our 
bread  contest.  We  used  the  loaves  of 
fresh  bread  as  the  basis  of  our  refresh¬ 
ments.  Served  with  honey  and  different 
jams  and  jellies,  it  was  very  appetizing.1’ 
—Mrs.  Percy  Hardman,  Star  Grange,  Jef¬ 
ferson  County. 

“I  feel  that  our  large  number  of  con¬ 
testants  showed  wonderful  cooperation 
from  our  Grange.  Our  first  prize  winner, 
Mrs.  Spencer  Baker,  and  our  second  win¬ 
ner,  Mrs.  Ralph  Turner,  are  sisters.’’  — 
Mrs.  Robt.  McOmber,  Stillivat.er  Grange, 
Saratoga  County. 

“After  our  contest  was  over,  the  bread 
was  sold  and  brought  $1.50  for  the 
Grange.  Our  local  prizes  were  1st,  24%  lbs. 
cake  flour;  2nd,  pyrex  dish;  3rd,  set  of 
measuring  cups.’’ — Mrs.  Florence  IHbbard, 
Upper  Lisle  Grange,  Broome  Co. 

“We  all  enjoyed  our  contest.  We  serv¬ 
ed  the  fresh  bread  afterwards  with  jam 
and  milk  furnished  by  the  juveniles.  Af¬ 
ter  our  games,  we  all  stood  around  just 
as  we  would  at  home,  drinking  milk,  eat¬ 
ing  bread  and  jam,  munching  sand¬ 


wiches  and  cookies.  How  the  men  and 
children  enjoyed  it !” — Mrs.  Emery  Steph¬ 
ens,  North  Fenton  Grange,  Broome 
County. 

State  and  Pomona  Prizes 

Following  is  a  list  of  cash  and  mer¬ 
chandise  prizes  which  will  be  awarded 
to  Pomona  and  State  contest  winners 
by  American  Agriculturist  and  our  ad¬ 
vertisers.  In  addition  to  these,  prizes 
for  Subordinate  Grange  contests  have 
been  arranged  for  by  the  local  Service 
and  Hospitality  Committees;  also,  many 
Pomona  S.  &  H.  Committees  are  plan¬ 
ning  to  give  additional  prizes  for  the 
county  contests. 

From  American  Agriculturist: 

To  STATE  winners:  First  prize,  $25; 
second,  $10;  third,  $5;  fourth,  $3;  fifth, 
$2;  and  $1  each  to  next  fifteen  highest 
winners. 

From  Cooperative  G.L,.  F.  Farm  Froducts, 
Inc.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

To  each  of  10  highest  STATE  winners : 
5-lb.  pkg.  G.L.F.  Patrons’  Pancake 
Flour;  3%-lb.  pkg.  G.L.F.  Cake  Flour; 
5-lb.  pkg.  G.L.F.  Self-Rising  Flour;  1  case 
G.L.F.  Canned  Foods  to  consist  of  an 
assortment  of  24  No.  2  cans  of  products 
available  at  the  time  prize  is  awarded. 

To  POMONA  winners:  5-lb.  pkg.  G.L.E'. 
Vitafed  Enriched  Flour;  3%-lb.  pkg. 
G.L.F.  Cake  Flour. 

From  General  Foods  Sales  Co.,  Inc.,  New 
York  City : 

To  each  of  10  highest  STATE  winners  : 
$2.00  in  cash. 

To  POMONA  winners ;  Bottle  of  Certo. 

From  International  Salt  Co.,  Scranton, 
Fenna. : 

To  each  of  10  highest  STATE  winners: 


AS  ANOTHER  SCHOOL  YEAR 
DRAWS  TO  A  CLOSE 


is  happy  to  have  been  able  to  bring  the  “School 
of  the  Air”  to  450  rural  schools.  Thru  WHAM’S 
clear  channel  facilities  the  “little  red  school- 
house”  has  become  more  closely  associated  with 
the  educational  system  of  the  metropolis.  Schools 
as  far  as  130  miles  away  have  participated  in  the 
daily  courses. 

Next  year  WHAM  hopes  it  can  be  of  service  to 
many  more  of  the  schools  within  the  range  of 
its  50000  watts. 


WHAM  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


CLEAR  CHANNEL 


1180  on  the  Dial 


50,000  Watts 


One  10-lb.  can  Meat  Salt  ancf  a  butcher 
knife. 

To  POMONA  winners  :  2  pkgs.  of  Ster¬ 
ling  Salt;  3-oz.  pkg.  seasoning. 

From  Kalamazoo  Stove  and  Furnace  Co., 
Kalamazoo,  Michigan: 

A  Lexington  Coal  and  ‘Wood  Range  to 
STATE  winner. 

From  Russell  Miller  Milling  Co.,  Minne¬ 
apolis,  Minnesota: 

To  each  of  10  highest  STATE  winners  : 
One  49-lb.  sack  of  Occident  Flour. 

To  POMONA  winners:  One  12%-lb.  sack 
of  Occident  Flour. 

Subordinate  Grange  Winners 

Here  is  a  complete  list  of  Subordi¬ 
nate  Grange  winners  to  date: 


Du'Agcs 

Pawling 

Mrs.  Donald  -Rouse 

Pine  Plains 

Mrs.  Mabel  Tripp 

Waldo 

Mrs.  Edward  L.  Brush 

Essex 

Ausable  Valley 

Miss  Ruth  Hoag 

• 

Lake  Placid 

Mrs.  Olive  Goff 

Reber 

Mrs.  Maud  Dickerson 

Whallonsburg 

Mrs.  Bernice  Simpson 

Jefferson 

Star 

Mrs.  L.  N.  Mereand 

Livingston 

Lima 

Dorothy  Briggs 

Livonia 

Mrs.  Clarence  Krisher 

Oneida 

Camden 

Mrs.  Edward  Hughes 

Onondaga 

Lamson 

Mrs.  Myrtis  White 

Oneida 

Remsen 

Mrs.  Leona  Jones 

Otsego 

Westville 

Mrs.  Floyd  Kilts 

Saratoga 

Stillwater 

Mrs.  Spencer  Baker 

Schuyler 

Schuyler 

Mrs.  Tempa  Dill 

Tyrone 

Mrs.  Asa  Huey 

Sullivan 

Monticello 

Mrs.  A.  Rivas 

Tioga 

Apalaohin 

Mrs.  Daniel  Townc 

Westchester 

Cortlandt 

Mrs.  Edward  Ferris 

Yates 

Guyanoga  Valley 

Mrs.  Frances  A.  Conley 

COUNTY  GRANGE 

Allegany  Belfast 

Broome  Hawleyton 

North  Ferrton 
Twin  Valley 
Upper  Lisle 
Chautauqua  Gerry 


V/INNER 

Mrs.  S.  T.  Jennings 
Mrs.  Bernice  Van  Vorce 
Mrs.  Gertie  Ludington 
Mrs.  Florence  Phelps 
Mrs.  Dana  Jenks 
Edna  Hubbard 


Any  chairmen  of  Subordinate  Grange 
Service  and  Hospitality  Committee 
who  have  not  yet  received  instructions 
for  this  contest  may  get  them  from 
the  county  chairman,  or  by  writing  to 
Mrs.  Mabel  Hebei,  Bread  Contest  Edi¬ 
tor,  American  Agriculturist,  Ithaca, 
N.  Y. 


New  Laws  Affecting  Farmers 


GARBAGE  COOKING:  As  the  result 
of  a  Commission  to  study  trichinosis 
in  hogs,  a  bill  has  been  passed  and 
signed  by  the  Governor  requiring 
that  contracts  by  municipalities  or  in¬ 
stitutions  for  collection  of  garbage  to 
be  fed  to  hogs  specify  that  any  such 
garbage  must  be  boiled  for  at  least  half 
an  hour  before  being  fed.  The  purpose 
of  the  bill  is  to  control  trichinosis,  a 
parasite  which  gains  entrance  to  the 
flesh  and  affects  humans  in  cases  where 
pork  is  insufficiently  cooked. 

SCHOOL  LABOR:  A  new  law  permits 
the  excusing  from  school  for  farm 
work  of  boys  fourteen  years  old 
and  over  for  not  more  than  thirty 
days  during  the  year  without  loss  \of 
public  money  to  the  district.  The  school 
must  have  a  signed  statement  from 
the  County  Agricultural  Defense  Com¬ 
mittee  that  a  shortage  of  farm  labor 
exists  in  the  county.  The  Board  of  Re¬ 
gents  has  made  an  additional  ruling  to 
the  effect  that  boys  can  be  released 
from  school  for  not  more  than  fifteen 
days  during  any  three-month  period. 

CANNING  FACTORIES:  The  Con¬ 
ference  Board  of  Farm  Organiza¬ 
tions  asked  that  the  labor  law  be 
amended  to  permit  the  employment  of 
women  in  canning  factories  during 
night  shifts.  A  new  law  empowers  the 
State  Industrial  Commissioner,  Miss 
Freida  Miller,  to  overrule  laws  imped¬ 
ing  war  production;  and  farmers  have 
been  assured  that  under  this  law  wom¬ 
en  can  be  allowed  to  work  in  canning 
factories  in  night  shifts. 

RESEARCH:  An  appropriation  of 
$5,000  was  made  to  the  Geneva  Ex¬ 
periment  Station  to  study  better  con¬ 
trol  measures  for  the  European  corn 
borer. 

$10,000  was  appropriated  for  Cor¬ 
nell  or  Geneva  to  study  fruit  diversifi¬ 
cation  and  control  measures  for  the 
Oriental  fruit  moth. 

A  new  law  permits  County  Boards 
of  Supervisors  to  appropriate*  funds  to 
control  the  Japanese  beetle.  This  has 
been  a  serious  pest  in  some  areas,  and 
fruit  growers  in  areas  still  free  are 
vitally  concerned  in  keeping  it  out. 

$10,000  was  appropriated  for  Geneva 
or  Cornell  for  vegetable  research. 

$10,000  was  appropriated  for  the  de¬ 
velopment  of  better  pasture  and  forage 
crops. 

For  some  years  the  Governor’s  bud¬ 
get  has  carried  an  appropriation  of  a 
quarter  of  a  million  dollars  for  the 
test  and  slaughter  plan  for  control  of 
Bang  abortion.  Last  year  $50,000  was 
appropriated  to  start  a  calfhood  vac¬ 
cination  plan  under  state  control.  This 
year  the  appropriation  was  increased 
to  $100,000.  In  addition  some  County 
Boards  of  Supervisors  have  been  ap¬ 


propriating  additional  money  for  that 
purpose. 

Cornell  gets  an  appropriation  of 
$5,000  for  research  in  the  control  of 
rodents. 

Geneva  receives  an  appropriation  of 
$5,000  to  develop  new  uses  for  milk 
and  milk  products,  particularly  to 
study  better  methods  of  preserving 
cheese  and  methods  of  making  some 
of  the  fancier  cheeses  that  in  past 
years  have  been  imported. 

MACHINERY:  One  of  the  import¬ 
ant  appropriation  bills  passed  earlier 
in  the  session  was  that  which  pro¬ 
vided  funds  for  farm  machinery  schools 
and  clinics  under  the  direction  of  the 
State  College.  As  a  result,  thousands 
of  farmers  have  received  instruction  in 
putting  farm  tools  into  shape  to  run  a 
few  years  more.  In  view  of  the  short¬ 
age  of  new  machines,  this  was  espec¬ 
ially  important. 

MILK  ADVERTISING:  Milk  advertis¬ 
ing  is  to  be  continued  another  year 
with  an  appropriation  of  $310,000. 
Costs  of  advertising  are  paid  by  pro¬ 
ducers  and  dealers  in  the  form  of  an 
advertising  tax  which  goes  back  into 
the  State  Treasury. 

SHIPPING  POINT  INSPECTION: 

Many  growers  have  been  interested  in 
shipping  point  inspection.  Funds  for 
paying  inspectors  have  come  from  the 
general  funds  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture.  Now  they  are  definitely 
in  the  budget  on  what  is  known  as  a 
line-item  basis — that  is,  funds  are  def¬ 
initely  appropriated  for  that  purpose. 


A.  F.  F.  V. 

American  agricultur¬ 
ist  started  the  American 
Farm  Front  Volunteers  to  im¬ 
press  on  both  the  general  public 
and  farmers  the  importance  of 
food  production.  Any  farm  own¬ 
er,  tenant,  or  farm  worker  be¬ 
tween  the  ages  of  18  and  45  is 
eligible  to  apply  for  membership; 
and  on  acceptance,  is  sent  a  cer¬ 
tificate  suitable  for  framing  and 
a  button  which  he  can  wear  at 
all  times. 

Membership  has  no  effect  on 
deferment  of  draftees.  It  is  de¬ 
signed  as  an  encouragement  to 
remain  on  the  farm  rather  than 
to  accept  a  defense  job  in  indus¬ 
try  and  to  apply  for  deferment 
as  a  farm  worker  where  the  sit¬ 
uation  justifies  it. 

If  you  are  interested,  write 
American  Agriculturist ,  Depart¬ 
ment  C,  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca, 
New  York,  and  an  application 
blank  will  be  sent  you  by  return 
mail. 


Anerican  Agriculturist,  June  6,  1942 


11  (341) 


-  ~ 

2ue&ti04t  Qqjc 


PRUNING  GOOSEBERRIES 

How  should  gooseberries  be  pruned? 

Gooseberries  are  usually  trained  to 
bush  form.  The  best  fruit  is  borne  on 
one-,  two-  and  three-year  wood;  so 
wood  older  than  three  years  should  be 
taken  out  each  year  after  the  bearing 
season.  After  the  first  year’s  growth, 
leave  from  six  to  eight  good  strong 
shoots  per  plant;  after  the  second  year, 
thin  out  the  new  shoots,  leaving  three 
or  four;  and  after  the  third  year,  you 
can  leave  three  or  four  new  shoots  and 
thin  out  three  or  four  of  the  three- 
year  shoots. 

—  a.  a. — 

SOIL  FOR  RLUEBERRIES 

I  have  read  quite  a  bit  about  blueber¬ 
ries.  What  are  the  soil  requirements  to 
grow  this  crop  successfully? 

Contrary  to  a  rather  general  impres¬ 
sion,  blueberries  do  not  have  to  be 
grown  in  a  swamp.  To  grow  blueber¬ 
ries,  you  need  a  fertile,  acid  soil,  well 
supplied  with  organic  matter  and  with 
plenty  of  water.  While  blueberries 
will  not  tolerate  drought  even  for  a 
short  period,  neither  will  they  grow 
where  the  roots  have  to  stand  in  water 
all  of  the  time. 


would  take  no  more  than  3500  acres 
to  supply  all  of  the  country’s  needs  for 
drug  plants. 

The  best  detailed  information  we 
have  found  on  the  subject  is  in  the 
form  of  a  mimeographed  bulletin  call¬ 
ed  “Medicinal  Plants  —  Analysis  and 
Summary  of  Information  on  the  Crop 
Possibilities  of  Medicinal  Plants  of  Es¬ 
sential  Significance.”  This  is  available 
from  the  Division  of  Drug  and  Related 
Plants,  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  U.  S. 
Dept,  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

From  the  same  source  you  can  get 
a  mimeographed  bulletin  called  “Con¬ 
diment  Plants”  which  discusses  in 
considerable  detail  the  requirements 
for  growing  herbs. 

For  some  years  there  has  been  much 
interest  in  adding  these  condiment 
plants  to  the  home  garden  and  some 
consideration  of  their  possibilities  as 
an  income  producer.  In  some  cases 
it  may  be  possible  to  develop  a  local 
market,  and  there  is  a  possibility  that 
buyers  of  drug  plants  would  be  in  the 
market  for  them. 

If  you  are  at  all  interested  in  drug 
and  herb  plants,  be  sure  to  get  the  two 
mimeographed  bulletins  mentioned. 

— a.  a. — 


— a.  a. — 

OLD  ORCHARDS 

What  is  the  most  profitable  age  for  an 
orchard?  When  apple  trees  get  old,  should 
they  be  cut  down  or  should  we  attempt 
to  keep  them  in  production? 

The  best  information  we  can  get 
says  that  apple  trees  from  ten  to  thir¬ 
ty-five  years  old  are  most  profitable. 
Some  growers  will  state  that  before 
they  can  make  any  profit,  an  orchard 
must  produce  250  bushels  per  acre. 
Others  will  put  the  figure  down  to  200 
bushels  per  acre.  There  is  a  growing 
tendency  to  cut  down  the  old  orchards. 
Naturally,  to  keep  a  uniform  produc¬ 
tion  the  trees  cannot  all  be  cut  at  once. 
One  way  to  plan  this  is  to  replace  one- 
quarter  of  the  trees  every  ten  years. 
They  are  not  always  cut  out  by  blocks. 
Go  into  a  lot  of  orchards,  and  you  will 
see  where  a  few  trees  have  been  re¬ 
moved  and  young  ones  have  been  set 
in  their  place. 

—  a.  a.  — 

DRUG  AND  HERB  PLANTS 

Some  time  ago  you  mentioned  the  grow¬ 
ing  of  herbs  and  medicinal  plants.  Can 
you  give  me  any  more  information  on 
the  subject? 


POTATO  PRICES 

I  have  heard  that  the  government  plans 
to  support  potato  prices  this  fall.  How  is 
this  to  be  done? 

The  program  is  intended  to  encour¬ 
age  growers  to  plant  full  acreage  al¬ 
lotments.  Prices  will  be  supported  at 
approximately  $1.25  a  hundred  for  U.S. 
No.  1  potatoes  in  Maine,  $1.45  on  Long 
Island;  $1.35  to  $1.40  upstate,  and  $1.35 
in  New  Jersey.  Prices  will  be  support¬ 
ed  by  Agricultural  Marketing  Adminis¬ 
tration  purchases  for  relief,  probably 
to  the  extent  of  7,500,000  bushels;  by 
diverting  potatoes  to  starch,  livestock 
feed,  and  other  products;  by  loans  to 
growers;  and  by  purchases  by  the 
Commodity  Credit  Corporation.  These 
price  supporting  measures  are  avail¬ 
able  to  growers  who  plant  between 
80%  and  110%  of  their  acreage  allot¬ 
ments.  In  other  words,  if  you  are  in 
the  Agricultural  Conservation  Pro¬ 
gram,  you  can  increase  your  acreage 
by  10%  and  still  receive  your  conser¬ 
vation  payments  as  well  as  benefit 
from  the  price  supporting  measures. 

—  a.  a.  — 

CARRAGE  MAGGOTS 


The  reason  for  the  attention  now  be¬ 
ing  given  to  the  growing  of  medicinal 
plants  is  that  our  supplies,  formerly 
imported  from  European  countries, 
have  been  cut  off.  Under  normal  condi¬ 
tions,  they  can  grow  them  cheaper 
“over  there,”  but  the  shortage  has  re¬ 
sulted  in  rather  drastic  increases  in 
prices.  The  thing  to  keep  in  mind  is 
that  the  price  undoubtedly  will  slump 
again  when  the  war  is  over,  probably 
to  a  point  where  it  will  not  be  profit¬ 
able  to  grow  them  in  this  country. 
This  fact  would  indicate  caution  in  go¬ 
ing  into  the  growing  of  drugs  on  any 
considerable  scale. 

Some  drug  crops  are  of  a  tropical  or 
semi-tropical  nature  and  ,can  be  grown 
in  this  country,  only  in  Puerto  Rico  or 
some  of  our  island  possessions.  How¬ 
ever,  there  are  several  drug  crops  that 
can  be  grown  in  northern  states  with¬ 
out  any  difficulty.  Among  them  are 
aconite,  belladonna,  digitalis,  henbane, 
stramonium,  and  the  poppy.  Because 
morphine  and  its  derivatives  come 
from  poppies,  it  is  expected  that  some 
federal  or  state  restrictions  would  be 
put  on  its  growth  if  it  were  to  become 
a  commercial  crop. 

It  is  estimated  by  men  in  the  U.  S. 

Department  of  Agriculture  that  it 


How  can  we  control  cabbage  maggots 
in  the  garden? 

Perhaps  the  easiest  way  is  to  put  a 
circular  or  square  piece  of  roofing 
paper  (about  2 y2  or  3  inches  across) 
around  the  stem  at  soil  level.  A  small 
hole  is  put  in  the  center  of  the  paper 
for  the  stem  and  the  paper  is  split 
from  one  edge  to  the  hole  so  it  can 
be  placed  around  the  plant.  This  pre¬ 
vents  the  maggot  from  getting  fx‘om 
the  soil  onto  the  plant. 

—  a.  a. — 

HOW  MIJCTI  BONE? 

What  percentage  of  bone  will  there  be 
in  a  hind  quarter  of  beef?  What  percent¬ 
age  in  the  front  quarter? 

We  called  on  our  old  friend  Robert 
Hinman  at  the  New  York  State  Col¬ 
lege  of  Agriculture  for  the  answer  to 
this  one.  He  tells  us  that  the  carcass 
of  a  dairy  cow  may  run  as  high  as 
from  20  to  25%  bone.  In  such  a  cow, 
the  front  quarter  may  have  as  mtich 
as  28%  bone  and  the  hind  quarter 
about  20%.  The  percentage  of  bone  in 
the  carcass  of  a  prime  steer  may  be 
as  low  as  12  %  bone,  in  which  case,  the 
front  quarter  would  contain  about  14  % 
bone  and  the  hind  quarter  about  10%. 


A&P  and  Atlantic  Commission  Co.  report: 


GROWERS  &  SHIPPERS  GETTING 

MORE  OF  CONSUMER’S  DOLLAR 

★ 

New  Efficiencies,  Narrowing  Market  Spread, 
Help  Offset  Rising  Wartime  Costs 


DISTRIBUTION  OF  A&P  FRESH  FRUIT 
&  VEGETABLE  RETAIL  DOLLAR 

1937  1941 


TRANSPORTATION  FROM 
GROWER  &  SHIPPER  TO 
DISTRIBUTING  POINT 


&  CARTAGE 


DAMAGE  & 
SPOILAGE 

BUYING  &  RETAILING 
EXPENSES 


NET  PROFIT  2.lc 


1937  compared  with  1941 


Right  now,  when  agriculture  is  faced  with  many  wartime  problems  — 
including  rising  costs  —  A&P  and  Atlantic  Commission  Company  here 
present  graphic  evidence  of  the  marked  progress  being  made  in  returning 
to  growers  and  shippers  a  larger  share  of  the  consumer’s  dollar.  This, 
coupled  with  the  sharply  increasing  sale  of  their  products  through  our 
stores,  is  bringing  them  dual  benefits. 

Note  that  in  1941  growers  and  shippers  received  54.6c  of  each  consumer 
dollar  spent  at  A&P  Food  Stores  for  fresh  fruits  and  vegetables — contrast¬ 
ed  with  the  46.8c  received  only  four  years  ago.  Here  is  an  actual  gain  of 
7.8c  per  consumer  dollar !  This  increased  return  is  considerably  larger  than 
the  estimated  national  average  return  on  produce  marketed  through  all 
channels. 

Boosting  Farm  Income 

Year  by  year,  chain  store  distribution  is  increasing  farm  income  by  narrow¬ 
ing  the  market  spread.  For  example,  our  buying  and  retailing  expenses  have 
been  reduced  29%;  damage  and  spoilage  13%  ;  warehouse  and  cartage  ex¬ 
penses  17%.  And  this  has  been  realized  in  four  short  years!  These  real 
efficiencies  have  been  accomplished  by  modernizing  and  streamlining  dis¬ 
tribution-paring  extra  handling  charges- — -cutting  out  many  unnecessary 
in-between  expenses  .  .  .  doing  everything  possible  to  create  the  most  direct, 
most  economical  route  from  producer  to  consumer.  All  this,  plus  expand¬ 
ing  produce  sales  in  our  stores,  gives  growers  and  shippers  constantly  in¬ 
creased  income. 

Then,  too,  by  direct  routing,  fresh  fruits  and  vegetables  reach  A&P 
Food  Stores  hours  fresher — highly  attractive,  with  less  spoilage  and  re¬ 
taining  more  of  their  essential  vitamins,  minerals  and  natural  sugars.  This 
is  vital  because  it  means  important  economic  gains  for  producers ;  also 
economic  as  well  as  health  gains  for  consumers. 

Encouraging  the  Industry 

Thus  the  new  efficiencies  developed  by  A&P  and  the  Atlantic  Commission 
Company  bring  expanding  markets,  enlarged  returns  and  an  encouraging 
future  to  our  suppliers.  Such  efficiencies  also  serve  as  a  pattern  for  all 
distribution,  and  therefore,  all  growers  and  shippers  stand  to  benefit. 

This  year,  with  the  Government  urging  growers  to  increase  production 
and  calling  upon  American  consumers  to  eat  more  fresh  fruits  and  vege¬ 
tables  for  health  and  vigor,  efficient  distribution  becomes  more  vital  than 
ever.  Realizing  this  urgent  need — and  with  full  knowledge  of  the  many 
new  problems  that  wartime  is  bringing  to  agriculture  —  A&P  and  the 
Atlantic  Commission  Company  recognize  an  added  responsibility.  We 
have  set  ourselves  to  this  task  of  further  improving  distribution  by  gearing 
our  facilities  and  operations  to  the  needs  of  the  hour. 


ATLANTIC  COMMISSION  CO.,  Inc. 

Affiliate  of 

The  Great  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Tea  Company 


(342)  12 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  June  6,  1942 


*]Ue  ManJzet  Basi&ntetesi 


MILK  HEARINGS 
DEFERRED 

The  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture 
has  announced  that  action  on  the  pe¬ 
tition  for  hearings  on  the  New  York 
City  Milk  Marketing  Order  will  be  de¬ 
ferred  until  after  June  5.  On  that  date 
the  Committee,  which  has  been  work¬ 
ing  on  the  problem  of  surplus  milk  un¬ 
der  New  York  City  Board  of  Health 
inspection,  is  meeting  in  New  York 
City. 

Hearings  were  requested  by  the  Bar¬ 
gaining  Agency,  as  well  as  by  a  com¬ 
mittee  appointed  by  operating  coop¬ 
eratives,  to  consider  the  reinstatement 
of  diversion  payments  on  surplus  milk. 

— a.  a. — 

MILK  PRODUCTION 

Some  interesting  figures  are  just 
available  on  fluctuations  in  milk  pro¬ 
duction  in  various  New  York  State 
counties.  During  1941,  76,249  farmers 
delivered  6,538,725,000  lbs.  of  milk  and 
16,331,000  lbs.  of  cream  to  New  York 
State  plants.  Peak  receipts  for  the 
year  were  in  May,  although  in  most 
years  the  peak  comes  in  June.  June 
daily  average  milk  receipts  were  % 
above  those  in  January,  which  was  the 
low  month. 

St.  Lawrence  County  produced  a  lit¬ 
tle  over  three  times  as  much  milk  in 
June  as  it  did  in  January,  while  in  Or¬ 
ange  County  June  production  was  only 
5%  above  January. 

The  average  annual  price  to  produc¬ 
ers  of  milk  in  1941,  as  figured  by  the 
State  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
Markets,  was  $2.33.  In  1940,  this  fig¬ 
ure  was  $1.98;  in  1939,  $1.78;  in  1938, 
*1.77;  in  1936,  $1.93. 

League  Handles  Distress  Milk 

On  May  8,  the  Dairymen’s  League 
are  again  handling  distress  milk  own¬ 
ed  by  small  cooperatives  and  dealers 
without  manufacturing  facilities.  They 
started  out  with  300  cans  a  day,  and 
this  increased  steadily  to  3500  cans. 
President  Sexauer  stated  that  it  was 
for  just  such  emergencies  that  the 
Dairymen’s  League  members  have 
built  and  maintained  manufacturing 
facilities  to  serve  the  whole  industry. 
Without  an  outlet,  much  of  this  milk 
would  undoubtedly  be  shipped  to  New 
York  City,  where  it  would  contribute 
toward  a  breakdown  in  price. 

— a.  a.  — 

POULTRY  AND  EGGS 

According  to  the  State  Department 
of  Agriculture  and  Markets  it  took  7.9 
doz.  eggs  to  buy  100  lbs.  of  poultry 
feed  for  the  week  of  May  22.  A  month 
ago  it  took  7.6  doz.;  a  year  ago,  8.1 
doz.;  two  years  ago,  10.7.  Recent  top 
wholesale  price  of  white  eggs  in  New 
York  City  was  32c,  and  Grade  A  large 
white  eggs  have  been  retailing  in  New 
York  City  general  stores  at  from  45c 
to  _48c  a  dozen. 

For  the  month  of  April,  egg  produc¬ 
tion  in  New  York  State  was  17,000,000 
doz.,  about  5%  higher  than  April  last 
year.  Total  U.  S.  production  for  the 
first  four  months  of  the  year  was  16% 
ahead  of  last  year. 

On  May  1,  U.  S.  cold  storage  hold¬ 
ings  of  shell  eggs  totaled  4,650,000 
cases;  last  year,  3,031,000;  and  a  ten- 
year  average  of  3,468,000.  Frozen 
eggs  in  storage  were  equivalent  to 
4,245,000  cases  on  May  1  this  year, 
compared  to  2,654,000  a  year  ago.  The 
official  report  of  May  holdings  was  not 
quite  as  large  as  expected. 

On  May  1,  there  were  16%  more 
young  chickens  on  U.  S.  farms  than 


a  year  ago.  The  increase  in  the  North¬ 
east  was  2%. 

W.  Tern  Jen  of  the  Agricultural 
Marketing  Administration  states  that 
any  increase  in  the  egg  crop  over  1941 
production  will  be  purchased  by  the 
government.  Two  million  pounds  of 
dried  eggs  will  be  bought,  equivalent 
to  20,000,000  cases  of  shell  eggs. 

The  Northeastern  Poultry  Producers’ 
Council  have  been  working  to  correct 
the  short  egg  case  situation.  They  are 
now  handling  new  cases,  both  wooden 
and  corrugated,  and  state  that  either 
cooperatives  or  individual  producers 
can  buy  cases  by  writing  to  North¬ 
eastern  Poultry  Producers’  Council,  11 
West  State  St.,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

North  of  Virginia  and  east  of  Ohio 
29,000,000  cases  are  used  a  year,  while 
only  17,000,000  are  produced.  In  the 
past  the  others  have  come  from  eggs 
shipped  in  from  western  states.  On 
the  average,  an  egg  case  makes  about 
five  trips. 

—  A.  a.  — 

MAY  CROP  REPORT 

It  appears  that  U.  S.  acreage  of  late 
potatoes  will  be  about  3%  above  last 
year. 

With  one  exception,  U.  S.  acreage 
sown  to  winter  wheat  is  smallest  since 
1914.  However,  there  is  likely  to  be 
less  abandonment  of  wheat  acreage 
and  a  good  yield  per  acre.  Therefore, 
production  is  forecast  at  647,000,000 
bushels,  only  24,000,000  bushels  less 
than  the  large  crop  harvested  last  year. 

Fruit  prospects  for  the  year  look 
good,  (although  there  was  some  frost 
damage  to  buds,  mostly  in  non-com¬ 
mercial  areas. 

Total  acreage  planted  to  truck  crops 
is  forecast  at  20%  higher  than  last 
year.  Greatest  increase  was  in  toma¬ 
toes,  with  an  expected  29%  increase. 
Peas  come  second  with  26%. 

— a.  a. — 

OUTLOOK  FOR 
VEGETARLE  SEEDS 

For  two  years  now  vegetable  grow¬ 
ers,  both  home  and  commercial,  have 
been  much  concerned  about  the  sup¬ 
plies  of  vegetable  seeds,  particularly 
of  spinach  and  of  the  biennial  crops, 
beets,  carrots  and  onions.  For  all  of 
these  we  have  been  in  a  considerable 
degree  dependent  upon  foreign  sources, 
though  by  no  means  wholly.  Then 
two  bad.  winters  struck  the  California 
growers  and  supplies  were  short.  The 
seed  trade  is  apparently  making  a  good 
job  of  adjusting  to  new  conditions  and 
prospects  for  supplies  for  1943  planting 
are  favorable  at  the  present  time.  Of 
course,  some  crops  are  not  far  enough 
along  to  justify  a  verdict;  lots  of 
things  can  happen  between  now  and 
harvest. 

While  there  was  some  rainy  and 
otherwise  unfavorable  weather  in  Cali¬ 
fornia  for  beets,  carrots,  and  onions, 
resulting  in  some  losses  due  to  rotting 
of  bulbs  and  roots,  the  situation  has 
materially  improved  with  better  weath¬ 
er  which  reveals  the  losses  to  be  some¬ 
what  less  than  expected.  There  have 
also  been  some  replacements.  Reports 
from  the  Puget  Sound  section  of 
Washington  where  much  cabbage, 
spinach,  and  turnip  seed  is  grown,  are 
favorable  although  there  was  some  dif¬ 
ficulty  due  to  cold  weather. 

Idaho  has  long  been  heavy  in  the 
production  of  seed  beans  and  peas. 
More  recently  plantings  of  the  root 
crops  and  lettuce  have  increased  ma¬ 
terially.  The  seed  trade  is  undertaking 
to  spread  its  risks.  Seed  crop  condi¬ 


tions  in  Idaho  are  reported  to  be  good. 

A  recent  report  of  a  survey  of  vege¬ 
table  seed  production  from  the  Bureau 
of  Agricultural  Economics  at  Wash¬ 
ington  indicates  increases  in  acreage 
of  practically  all  seed  crops  and  in 
some  cases  these  run  up  to  100%  or 
more.  As  with  other  crops  yields  are 
dependent  upon  the  weather  from  now 
to  harvest,  but  even  with  good  crops 
to  harvest,  there  is  little  danger  of 
general  over-production.  Our  allies, 
together  with  increased  domestic  de¬ 
mand,  will  probably  absorb  the  crops. 

— Paul  Work. 

—  a.  a. — 

CANNING  PEAS 

It  is  estimated  that  New  York  State 
will  grow  10%  more  canning  peas  than 
last  year,  bringing  the  acreage  up  to 
46,000,  compared  to  42,000  a  year  ago 
and  a  ten-year  average  of  34,100.  On 
a  national  basis,  the  acreage  increase 
is  figured  at  25.7. 

It  is  expected  that  nearly  10%  of 
the  peas  in  the  country  will  be  frozen 
instead  of  canned. 


— a.  a. — 

MORE  MILKING 
MACHINES 

On  May  1  in  New  York  State,  51.3% 
of  the  cows  were  milked  by  machine, 
compared  to  39.7%  on  the  same  date  a 
year  ago.  Machine  milking  shows  a 
rather  steady  increase  since  1933,  when 
only  20.2%  were  machine  milked.  On 
May  1,  machine  milking  was  followed 
by  44.5%  of  New  York  dairy  farms, 
compared  with  32.8%  a  year  ago. 


CERTIFICATES 

OUTSTANDING 


CAMP  SCHOLARSHIP 

TN  THE  last  issue  on  page  22 

we  mentioned  the  American 
Agriculturist  scholarship  to  Camp 
Miniwanca  in  August.  American 
Agriculturist,  as  they  have  done 
for  some  years,  will  pay  all  the 
expenses  of  some  young  man  be¬ 
tween  the  ages  of  17  and  22  who 
will  attend  this  Camp  this  sum¬ 
mer. 

At  the  Camp,  the  young  man 
we  send  will  get  an  intensive  two- 
weeks  leadership  training  course. 
If  you  are  a  young  man  between 
the  ages  of  17  and  22,  live  on  a 
farm,  and  are  able  to  take  this 
trip  if  chosen,  write  immediately 
to  American  Agriculturist,  Post 
Office  Box  367-CM,  Ithaca,  New 
Y  ork. 

The  choice  will  be  made  on 
the  basis  of  leadership  ability  al¬ 
ready  shown.  After  we  hear 
from  you,  we  will  write  for 
further  information.  The  choice 
will  be  made  soon,  so  do  not 
delay. 


I 

I 

i 

1 


WCY  Farm  j 
PROGRAMS  j 

i 


Daily  except  Sunday,  12:30  p.  m.  Weath¬ 
er  Report. 

Daily  except  Sunday,  12:31  p.  m.,  N.  Y. 
State  Wholesale  Produce  Markets. 

Daily  exc.  Sat.  and  Sun.,  6:10  p.  m.,  N. 
Y.  City  Wholesale  Produce  Market. 

Monday  only,  12:34  p.  m..  Metropolitan 
Milk  Market  Report. 

This  schedule  subject  to  change  without 
notice. 


The  Dairymen’s  League  Cooperative 
Association  reminds  members  that 
there  are  still  some  $206,000  worth  of 
Series  ’44  end  ’45  in  the  hands  of  own¬ 
ers.  Both  these  series  were  called  in 
during  1940  and  1941,  and  owners 
should  turn  them  in.  No  interest  will 
accrue  on  certificates  of  either  of  those 
series  beyond  May  1,  1941. 

In  addition,  there  is  over  $600,000 
worth  of  Series  ’46  certificates  in  the 
hands  of  owners.  These  were  called  in 
for  payment  on  May  1,  1942,  beyond 
which  time  no  interest  will  be  paid. 

If  you  have  certificates,  send  them 
by  Registered  Mail  to  J.  A.  Coulter, 
Treasurer,  Dairymen’s  League  Cooper¬ 
ative  Association,  11  West  42nd  St., 
New  York  City. 

—  a.  a.  — 

IN  THE  WRONG 
"PASTURE” 

( Continued  from  Page  6) 
the  L.  C.  Dixon  &  Son  G.L.F.  Service 
Agency  of  Kingston,  New  York,  voice 
our  opinion  as  follows,  relative  to  the 
activities  of  the  John  L.  Lewis  move¬ 
ment  to  unionize  the  farmers.  We  con¬ 
sider  these  activities  undemocratic,  un¬ 
patriotic  and  detrimental  to  the  best 
interest  of  the  American  farmer.” 

For  good  measure,  here  are  just  a 
few  of  the  others  chosen  at  random: 

“At  the  last  meeting  of  Reed  Cor¬ 
ners  Grange  No.  363,  we  went  on  rec¬ 
ord  as  opposing  Mine  Workers  Union 
No.  50.” — K.  L.  W.,  Secretary. 

“Plattekill  Grange  No.  923  at  Platte- 
kill,  New  York,  wishes  to  go  on  record 
as  strongly  opposing  the  John  L.  Lewis 
attempt  to  unionize  dairy  farmers  or 
other  farmers.” — E.  H.  M.,  Chairman 
Legislative  Committee. 

“At  a  regular  meeting  of  the  Mo¬ 
hican  Grange  (New  York)  held  last 
evening,  May  7,  after  considerable  dis¬ 
cussion  on  the  subject  of  Unions  and 
farm  organizations,  a  motion  was  duly 
made,  seconded  and  carried  that  Mo¬ 
hican  Grange  as  an  organization  should 
join  the  organization  known  as  ‘Free 
Farmers,  Inc.’  ” — I.  H.,  Secretary . 


Monday,  June  8th 

12:35 — “Are  We  Adequately  Meeting  the 
Emergency?”  Dr.  V.  B.  Hart. 

12:45 — (Parents  on  Trial)  “Cigarettes 
and  Crinoline,”  Dr.  William  H.  Hartley. 

Tuesday,  June  9th 

12:35 — “We  Can’t  Afford  Feed  Fail¬ 
ures*’  R.  G.  Greig. 

12:45 — (Homemaker’s  Council)  “Sales 
Resistance,”  Mrs.  Charlotte  P.  Brooks. 

"Wednesday,  June  10th 

12:35-(Farm  Electrification  Mailbag) 
“The  Farmer’s  Partner  in  Wartime,”  Ed 
W.  Mitchell. 

12 :45 — (Countryside  Talk)  Ray  F.  Pol¬ 
lard. 

Thursday,  June  11th 

12:35— “Hold  That  Egg  Quality,”  H.  T. 
Huckle. 

12:45 — (Surplus  Marketing  Administra¬ 
tion). 

Friday,  June  12th 

12:35 — (Panel  Discussion)  “Will  the  U. 
S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture  Let  Us  Down?" 
(A. A. A.,  S.M.A.  and  B.A.E,) 

Saturday,  June  13th 

12:35— (WGY  4-H  Fellowship)  “I  Believe 
in  Respect  for  Proper  Authority,”  Ulster 
County,  (N  Y.)  4-H  Clubs. 

12:45 — (Grange  Views  and  News)  “To 
Secure  the  Blessings  of  Liberty,”  Greene 
Pomona  Grange. 

Monday,  June  15th 

12.35 — “Native  Music,”  Max  V.  Exner. 

12:45 — “Rural  Education  in  the  News,” 
Francis  E.  Griffin. 

Tuesday,  June  16th 

12:35 — “The  Agricultural  Front,”  A.  W. 
Manchester. 

12:45 — (Homemaker’s  Council)  “Food  on 
the  Home  Front,”  (Speaker  to  be  an¬ 
nounced)  Vt.  State  College  of  Agriculture. 

Wednesday,  June  17th 

12:35 — (Farm  Electrification  Mailbag) 
“The  Farmer’s  Partner  in  Wartime,”  Ed 
W.  Mitchell. 

12:45 — (Countryside  Talk)  Prof.  Bristow 
Adams. 

Thursday,  June  18th 

12:35 — “Before  You  Fill  Your  Barn,” 
Ray  Bender. 

12:45 — (Farm  Security  Administration). 

Friday,  June  19th 

12:35 — “New  Developments  in  Market¬ 
ing,”  W.  J.  Birdsall. 

12:45— (The  Home  Efficient)  “What 
Does  the  Refrigerator  Save?”  Dorothy 
Verdin. 

Saturday,  June  20th 

12  :35— (WGY  4-H  Fellowship)  “I  Believe 
in  Farming  as  a  Way  of  Life,”  Columbia 
County,  (N.  Y.)  4-H  Clubs. 

12:45 — (Grange  Views  and  News)  “The 
Incitement  to  Civil  Violence,”  Dutchess 
Pomona  Grange. 


At  xerican  Agriculturist,  June  6,  1942 


-J  3  (343) 


And  We’ll  Have  To 
Change  Some  More 

fey,  fj.  G.  cMuttaA. 


THE  production  of  eggs,  chicks, 
broilers  and  turkeys  cannot  be 
written  as  a  cut-and-dried  set  of  rules. 
Conditions  are  different  on  different 
farms,  breeds  and  strains  differ  and 
finally  hens  seem  to  have  more  indi¬ 
viduality  than  we  give  them  credit  for. 
Under  a  free  choice  system  I  have 
seen  one  flock  go 
heavy  for  oats,  an¬ 
other  heavy  for 
corn,  and  many 
others  heavy  for 
wheat.  Wheat 
seems  to  be  the 
most  common 
favorite  but  not 
with  every  flock.  I 
suppose,  if  we 
could  watch  each 
individual  bird  eat, 
we  would  see  some 
differences 
in  tastes  that  we 
might  not  be  able 
to  explain  on  the 
basis  of  production 

or  fleshing. 

Since  the  war  has  disrupted  our  feed 
supplies  somewhat,  we  know  that  some 
satisfactory  adjustments  have  already 
been  made,  and  others  will  be.  The 
record  shows  that,  so  far,  the  adjust¬ 
ments  haven’t  hurt  the  hens  any.  In 
fact  according  to  federal  government 
figures,  the  rate  of  production  per  hen 
is  setting  a  new  record  each  month. 

There  Are  Rules 

These  comments  together  with  my 
last  article  on  feeding  systems,  do  not 
mean  that  I  believe  there  are  no  basic 
rules  for  feeding  hens.  I  most  certainly 
do.  If  I  had  to  state  them  in  a  few 
simple  sentences  I  would  say, 

1.  Hens  or  growing  birds  must  have 
enough  to  eat. 

2.  They  must  get  enough  protein. 

3.  They  must  get  enough  minerals. 
I  would  only  concern  myself  about 
calcium,  phosphorus  and  man¬ 
ganese. 

4.  They  must  get  enough  vitamins.  I 


wouldn’t  worry  about  vitamins 
except  A.  D,  &  G,  (Riboflavin). 

What  the  War  Has  Done 

Taking  these  in  the  order  given 
above  the  situation  looks  about  like 
this.  _ 

The  protein  supply  for  our  feeds  has 
gone  up  in  price  rather  quickly  but 
otherwise  has  not  been  affected  much 
by  the  war. 

The  Minerals  —  Chickens  get  all  the 
phosphorus  they  need  out  of  the  meat- 
scraps,  fish  meal,  and  wheat  feeds 
found  in  most  rations. 

Manganese  must  be  added  to  the 
mash  whenever  the  birds  are  not  on 
range. 

Calcium  has  been  furnished  by  add¬ 
ing  ground  limestone  to  the  mash  and 
feeding  oyster  shells  or  a  soluble  cal¬ 
cium  grit  in  hoppers.  In  some  parts  of 
the  country  oyster  shells  are  not  al¬ 
ways  easy  to  get  and  they  have  gone 
up  in  price.  Poultrymen  in  these  areas 
are  using  a  calcium  grit  to  take  the 
place  of  both  oyster  shells  and  granite 
grit.  So  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  see, 
the  substitution  has  been  quite  satis¬ 
factory. 

Vitamins  —  We  have  depended  on 
green  grass,  fish  oils,  alfalfa  meal  and 
yellow  corn  to  give  birds  the  very  im¬ 
portant  vitamin  A.  We  still  have  a 
plentiful  supply  of  all  but  the  fish  oils. 
We  must  therefore  give  them  more  of 
the  other  things. 

For  laying  hens  a  total  ration  which 
contains  not  over  3V2%  alfalfa  meal 
(7%  of  the  mash)  and  not  over  40% 
yellow  corn  (in  mash  and  scratch)  will 
not  hurt  the  market  value  of  eggs  that 
have  been  properly  cared  for  on  the 
farm.  But  I  wouldn’t  suggest  going 
above  these  figures. 

Vitamin  D,  the  sunshine  vitamin,  has 
come  to  our  birds  mostly  in  fish  oils. 
These  are  definitely  scarce.  Substitutes 
in  the  form  of  animal  sterols  are  now 
on  the  market  and  apparently  plenti¬ 
ful.  These  have  had  plenty  of  Experi¬ 
ment  Station  testing  and  farm  use. 
Like  calcium  grits,  they  seem  to  be  do- 
( Continued  on  Page  14) 


J.  C.  Huttar 


er  can  put  hay  onto  this  sort  of  a  rack 
a  little  faster. 

It  is  a  great  help  to  train  a  team  to 
follow  a  windrow  at  the  proper  pace 
so  one  man  can  do  the  loading  alone. 

Leather-soled  shoes  get  pretty  slip¬ 
pery.  I  think  rubber-soled  shoes,  such 
as  basketball  shoes,  are  preferable. 
Some  claim  they  are  too  hot;  but  if  you 
will  put  a  cork  insole  in  them,  you  will 
find  them  comfortable;  and  when  walk¬ 
ing  up  a  grade,  you  won’t  have  to  slip 
back  one  step  for  every  two  you  take 
ahead. 

Hay  that  is  dropped  from  a  fork 
from  the  peak  of  the  barn  to  the  floor 
gets  packed  very  tightly.  In  the  inter¬ 
ests  of  saving  labor,  a  lot  of  hay  is  put 
in  without  too  much  mowing  away. 
Many  times  I  have  seen  a  long  pole 
put  under  the  hay  track  and  between 


For 

Victory 


Buy 
United 
States 
War  Bonds 
and  Stamps 


the  beams  in  the  barn.  When  the  fork 
is  tripped,  this  pole  takes  the  shock 
of  the  hay  and  tips  the  forkful  to  one 
side  or  the  other,  thus  saving  some 
time  in  mowing  away. 

Including  pasture,  the  dairy  cow 
gets  about  half  her  feed  from  roughage. 
Careful  trials  have  shown  furthermore, 
that  cows  will  only  eat  about  60%  as 
much  poor  hay  as  they  will  good  hay. 
These  facts  emphasize  the  importance 
of  getting  hay  in  the  barn  in  the  best 
possible  condition. 


One  of  the  important 

Vs  for  VICTORY 

for  Poultrymen 


•  •  •  Chicks  need  1500-1800  units  of  Vitamin  A  per  pound 

of  ration}  layers  require  up  to  2700  units.  The  growing  of  healthy 
and  vigorous  chicks  and  the  production  of  the  record  total  of 
eggs  asked  for  by  the  Government  to  meet  the  needs  of  war  cannot 
be  accomplished  unless  mashes  of  good  Vitamin  A  potency  are  fed. 


— 

Ilay— Tlie  Foundation  of  a  Dairy  Ration 

( Continued  from  Page  1) 


leaves,  contain  several  times  as  much 
protein  as  do  the  stalks,  and  any 
method  of  haying  that  causes  heavy 
shattering  of  leaves  is  wrong.The  best 
practice,  so  many  say,  is  to  allow  the 
hay  to  wilt  in  the  swath,  but  before 
the  leaves  are  dry  enough  to  shatter, 
to  rake  with  a  side-delivery  rake  which 
goes  in  the  same  direction  as  the 
mower — that  is,  clockwise  around  the 
field. 

When  hay  is  cut,  you  will  find  most 
of  the  leaves  on  top.  A  properly  de¬ 
signed  side-delivery  rake  throws  up  a 
loose  windrow  with  most  of  the  stalks 


U  herever  you  find  one  of  these 
Imngs,  you  most  always  find  good  food 


on  the  outside  and  most  of  the  leaves 
in  the  middle.  This  allows  the  sun  to 
get  at  the  stems  and  keeps  the  leaves 
partially  shaded.  Then  when  the  hay 
is  dry  on  top,  it  can  be  turned  half 
over  with  a  side-delivery  rake  or,  if 
you  agree  with  Seth  Savage  at  Cor¬ 
nell,  you  can  turn  it  over  with  a  fork. 
Seth  says  that  a  man  can  turn  a  wind¬ 
row  three-quarters  as  fast  as  a  rake 
and  can  do  a  better  job.  Meanwhile, 
another  man  can  be  doing  some  other 
job  with  the  team. 

It  would  be  a  great  help  if  someone 
could  devise  a  simple  rule  for  telling 
when  hay  is  ready  to  go  into  the  mow. 
So  far  it  is  a  trick  which  must  be  learn¬ 
ed  from  experience.  Hay  that  contains 
25  %  or  less  of  moisture  is  safe  to  store. 
If  it  is  much  above  that,  it  will  heat, 
there  will  be  some  damage,  and  there 
is  a  distinct  fire  hazard. 

There  are  a  few  tricks  in  making 
hay  just  as  there  are  in  every  trade. 
In  recent  years,  I  have  seen  an  in¬ 
crease  in  the  use  of  hay  racks  with 
front  and  back  built  up  to  the  full 
width  of  the  rack,  or  in  some  cases, 
with  slats  also  at  the  sides.  If  your 
fields  are  hilly,  such  a.  rig  will  save 
one  or  two  lost  loads,  with  consequent 
repitching,  and  I  think  that  the  load- 


•  •  •  ■■  Not  many  ingredients  of  poultry  mashes  supply  Vita¬ 
min  A.  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL  is  one  that  does.  The  presence 
of  10%  of  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL  is  a  distinct  and  large  contri¬ 
bution  to  the  necessary  Vitamin  A  potency  of  a  poultry  ration. 


•  •  •  ■■  Because  of  its  content  of  xanthophyll,  CORN 
GLUTEN  MEAL  also  has  the  ability  to  produce  yellow  skin  color, 
an  important  market  factor  for  those  who  raise  broilers  or  turkeys. 


•  •  •  ■■  Be  sure  your  starting,  growing  and  laying  mashes 
contain  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL.  Look  for  it  on  the  list  of 
ingredients  on  the  tag  or  bag  of  the  mash  you  buy. 


CORN  PRODUCTS  SALES  CO. 
NEW  YORK  •  CHICAGO 

DISTRIBUTORS  OF 

DIAMOND 

OLDEST  AND  BIGGEST 
SELLING  BRAND  OF 


CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL 


(344)  14 


Ai  ierican  Agriculturist,  June  6,  1942 


quick 


I  A/WLOW 
I  HEALTH 


II 


im. 


ink  enough  milk’ 

-  "t  e^y 

p  than  tnat,  e 

iar:tyv^ta' 

erate.  Next  tune  ^ 

rink  milk! 

,te  of  Newark  Says: 

fflK  MflK* 

PLANNER*  An 

amazing  combt 

9*  uation-cale 

,  rlailv  menus 

ist.pa..V„'rmK'.  Sugges- 


’J  ’mine'  Recipes-  * 

",h  yoU 

Iress  to: 

of  Milk  Publicity. 
Albany.  N-  Y- 

,eau  Of  THE  S™E 


And  We’II  Have 
to  Change  Some  More 

( Continued  from  Page  13) 
ing  the  trick  100%. 

And  then  don’t  forget  sunshine.  I’ve 
never  known  it  to  hurt  chickens.  From 
May  1  to  October  1,  growing  birds 
which  are  outdoors  can  get  all  the  vita¬ 
min  D  they  need  from  the  sun.  Open 
hen  house  windows  wide  on  all  clear 
winter  days,  if  it  isn’t  too  awful  cold. 

Vitamin  G  is  found  in  different 
amounts  in  a  lot  of  poultry  feeds  in¬ 
cluding  green  grass,  milk  products, 
brewers’  yeast,  liver  meal,  meat  scraps, 
alfalfa  meal,  wheat  feeds,  and  others. 
Green  feeds,  dried  skimmilk,  butter¬ 
milk  or  whey,  liver  meal,  and  brewers’ 
yeast  are  the  richest  sources.  Dried 
skimmilk  and  liver  meal  have  and  will 
continue  to  become  scarce  at  times. 
There  is  a  rumor  now  that  the  gov¬ 
ernment  may  take  all  of  the  brewers’ 
yeast  to  feed  soldiers  because  this  stuff 
is  especially  rich  in  vitamin  G. 

We'll  have  to  watch  it  but  I  think 
there’ll  always  be  enough  vitamin  G 
to  go  around.  We  just  have  to  take  it 
in  a  different  form  every  now  and  then. 
I’m  sure  the  hens  don’t  mind. 

A  Change  is  Good 

There  are  some  pretty  good  poultry- 
men  who  are  convinced  that  hens  and 
chicks  do  better  if  their  diets  are  oc¬ 
casionally  changed  a  little.  They  may 
be  right,  so  long  as  the  birds  get 
enough  to  eat  and  sufficient  minerals 
and  vitamins.  So  far  the  changes 
haven’t  hurt  and  there  are  more  com¬ 
ing,  no  doubt. 

Market  Marking  Time 

Far  too  many  eggs  are  now  produc¬ 
ed  for  ordinary  peace-time  needs.  Gov¬ 
ernment  buying  for  dried  eggs  shipped 
abroad  is  taking  the  surplus.  When  the 
government  slacks  up  in  its  buying,  all 
egg  markets  feel  it.  This  happened  in 


the  middle  of  May  and  could  continue 
into  the  summer. 

At  price  levels  in  the  middle  of  May, 
a  merchant  couldn’t  buy  eggs,  dry 
them,  and  sell  them  to  the  government 
at  a  profit.  So  the  egg  driers  say,  any¬ 
way,  and  they  definitely  slacked  their 
buying.  The  market  dropped  2  to  214 
cents. 

The  government  has  announced  the 
prices  it  would  pay  for  dried  eggs  per 
pound  each  month  for  the  balance  of 
1942.  Unless  it  increases  its  paying 
prices,  we  may  have  to  wait  for  hens 
to  start  molting  before  egg  prices  show 
much  gain.  This,  with  high  feed  prices 
doesn’t  look  so  good. 

Eggs  are  considered  such  an  impor¬ 
tant  war  food,  however,  that  I’m  sure 
the  government  men  are  watching  the 
situation  closely  and  will  probably 
raise  their  paying  prices  rather  than 
see  hens  sold  for  meat,  or  too  fast  a 
drop-off  in  this  spring’s  late  hatch. 

—  a.  a. — 

COCCIMOSIS 

Coccidiosis  will  again  take  a  big  toll 
of  chickens  this  spring.  It  always  has 
and  there  is  no  reason  to  doubt  that 
it  will  again,  except  on  those  farms 
where  poultrymen  have  worked  out  a 
plan  of  control.  Among  the  general 
recommendations  are  these: 

Keep  the  brooder  house  clean  and 
the  litter  dry  and  deep.  Keep  feeders 
and  water  fountains  on  raised  wire 
screens.  When  the  chicks  go  out  on 
range,  put  them  on  good  grass  leather 
than  on  bare  ground.  Use  every  pos¬ 
sible  care  to  prevent  carrying  infection 
from  the  laying  flock  to  the  chicks. 

Relatively  new  in  coccidiosis  control 
is  the  use  of  sulphur.  It  is  not  a  cure, 
but  some  good  results  have  been  noted 
where  it  is  used  as  a  preventative. 
Ordinarily  flowers  of  sulphur  are  mixed 
into  the  mash  at  the  rate  of  2  lbs.  to 
( Continued  on  opposite  page) 


Horse  and  Buggy  Days 

( Continued  from  Page  5) 


Finally  he  shouted  to  Dad,  “Go  get 
me  about  six  forkfuls  of  that  swampy 
grass  that  you  mowed  down  at  the  bot¬ 
tom,  and  I’ll  shingle  this  off  tight  as 
a  roof.”  We  did  just  that,  and  John 
slid  carefully  off  the  stack  to  the 
ground  with  two  of  us  catching  his  legs 
and  easing  him  down. 

Then  with  a  wooden-toothed  rake  we 
dressed  down  the  outside  of  the  stack. 
It  was  regular,  trim,  symmetrical  as 
could  be  and  a  work  of  art.  It  takes 
skill  to  build  a  stack  like  that,  and 
John  was  an  artist  who  took  pride  in 
his  work. 

A  few  days  later,  Dad  and  I  twisted 
some  hay  ropes  out  of  the  side  of  the 
stack,  threw  them  over  the  top,  and 
fastened  some  old  plow-points  or  stones 
at  the  ends.  This  weight  would  hold 
the  hay  down  when  the  fall  and  win¬ 
ter  winds  blew  hard. 

I  don’t  recall  that  we  had  any  more 
unusually  wet  weather  during  that 
haying,  but  ten  tons  of  beautiful  clover 
hay  lying  in  the  windrow  during  a 
week  of  rain  was  enough.  I  still  shud¬ 
der  a  little  when  I  think  of  the  terribly 
hard  way  that  Dad  took  it.  Perhaps 
he  should  have  been  more  philosophic¬ 
al,  but  philosophy  sort  of  breaks  down 
after  the  first  week  of  rain  in  haying. 
Perhaps  he  shouldn’t  have  sworn  so 
hard,  but  after  about  the  fifth  or  sixth 
day  of  rain  on  good  clover  hay,  a 
farmer  gets  to  the  point  where  he 
thinks  something  ought  to  be  said. 

We  sold  part  of  the  stack  to  a  neigh¬ 
bor  who  was  looking  for  cheap  hay; 
and  by  feeding  the  rest,  alternating 
with  better  hay,  we  got  out  of  it  pretty 
well.  The  stack  kept  well,  with  hardly 
a  bit  of  loss.  Dad  could  have  stacked 
it;  Dan  could  have  stacked  it;  but 
John  was  the  acknowledged  artist  of 
the  neighborhood  when  it  came  to 
stacking,  and  it  was  a  joy  to  see  him 


work.  I  wonder  how  many  neighbor¬ 
hoods  have  a  master  stacker  today. 

I  never  put  up  but  one  stack  of  hay 
in  my  life,  and  I’d  hate  to  tell  you 
what  mine  looked  like,  Partner.  I 
leaned  It  against  the  end  of  the  barn, 
and  then  it  wasn’t  a  good  stack.  The 
bottom  was1  too  big,  the  sides  sloped 
too  much,  and,  oh,  well,  I  was  just 
ashamed  of  it.  I’ll  bet  you  couldn’t 
have  done  any  better  though.  You 
may  be  a  master  of  some  things,  but 
you  just  aren’t  a  master  stacker. 

(To  be  continued ) 

— a.  a. — 

JERSEY  SALE  AT 
MERIDALE  FARMS 

June  19  and  20  will  be  two  big  days 
for  New  York  State  Jersey  breeders 
when  they  gather  at  Meridale  Farms, 
Meredith,  Delaware  County,  New  York. 
On  Friday,  some  of  the  outstanding 
animals  of  the  Meridale  herd  will  be 
officially  classified  for  show  type  by 
Fordyce  Ely  of  Lexington,  Kentucky. 
At  7:30  in  the  evening  a  testimonial 
dinner  will  be  given  Mrs.  Anna  Ayer 
Fry  of  Meridale  Farms.  This  is  the 
third  New  York  State  Club  dinner  at 
which  outstanding  Jersey  breeders  have 
been  recognized. 

At  9:30  Saturday  morning  the  ani¬ 
mals  consigned  to  the  sale  will  be 
judged,  and  the  Meridale  Farms  herd 
will  be  in  the  barns  where  visitors  can 
inspect  them.  A  little  later  there  will 
be  an  exhibition  of  a  team  of  Jersey 
oxen  and  a  band  concert  by  the  Delhi 
American  Legion  Band.  A  barbecue 
luncheon  will  be  served  at  11:30,  and 
promptly  at  12:00  Auctioneer  Jim  Mc¬ 
Cord  of  Nashville,  Tennessee,  assisted 
by  John  Thompson  of  the  American 
Jersey  Cattle  Club,  will  start  the  sale. 

Sale  catalogs  are  available  from  A. 

C.  Dahlberg,  Geneva,  New  York. 


•  See  your 
local  Dr.  Salsbury  dealer.  He'll 
suggest  a  prompt  defense  plan,  includ¬ 
ing  choice  of  Dr.  Salsbury' s  Phen-O-Sal 
or  Dr.  Salsbury' s  Rakos.  RAKOS  is 
mixed  with  the  feed.  PHEN-O-SAL  tab¬ 
lets  are  used  in  the  drinking  water. 


Use  Dr.  Salsbury 's  Par-O-San  to 
destroy  the  coccidia  in  the  litter. 


Buy  at  Dr.  Salsbury  dealers — hatch¬ 
eries,  drug  and  feed  stores — members 
of  Dr.  Salsbury 's  Nation-Wide  Poultry 
Health  Service!  DR.  SALSBURY'S 
LABORATORIES,  Charles  City,  Iowa. 


This  emblem  identifies  Dr.  Salsbury 
dealers.  Consult  them  with  confidence. 


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Try  Brookfield  plates — made  un¬ 
der  supervision  of  licensed  dentist.  Priced  to  fit  your 
poc-ketbook  ON  MONEY-BACK  GIIARANTE  .Writetoday 

CITlin  Aifl  MHIllEV  for  FREE  Impression 
wtllli  ilU  IflUnLI  Material,  and  information. 

BROOKFIELD  DENTAL  PLATE  CO. 


Dept.  65-H2 


Brookfield,  Mo. 


WANTED  TO  BUY  WALNUT  LOGS 

22  inches  up  diameter;  8  feet  up  Ions;  measure  with 
tape,  6  feet  from  sround  at  least  74  inches  around. 
Will  pay  $35.00  to  $65.00  per  1000  hoard  feet. 

JAY  WHITE,  54  Manchester  Road,  Tuckahoe,  N.  Y. 


BABY  CHICKS 


STONEY  RUN  CHICKS 


sm.  PLTS. 


CKLS. 

inn 

$2.00 

3.00 

7.00 

7.00 


Cash  or  C.O.D.  100%  live 
Delivery  Guaranteed.  ion  ]00 

English  White  Leshorns _ $  8.00  $15.00 

DIRECT  HANSON  WH.  LEGHORNS  10.00  17.00 

Bar.  Wh.  Rocks  &  R.  I.  Reds _  9.00  12.00 

Special  N.  H  Reds _ _ _ 12.00  17.00 

H.  Mix  $8.-100.  Write  for  our  1942  Catalog  for  details 
of  our  15  yrs.  breeding  program  that  makes  more  money 
for  our  large  family  of  Poultry  Raisers.  All  Breeders 
Bloodtested.  RESEBVE  Your  Chicks  Today. 

STONEY  RUN  HATCHERY. 

H.  M.  Leister,  Owner,  Box  A,  McALISTERVILLE,  PA. 


ENGLISH 

WHITE 

LEGHORN 


PULLETS 


4  weeks  old.  35c,  COCKERELS  same  breed  and  age 
10c.  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  REDS,  4  weeks  old  (we  do 
not  sex  these!  24c.  All  chicks  from  healthy,  well  pav¬ 
ing  flocks.  Shipped  by  express  collect. 

A  10%  deposit  books  order. 

FAIRVIEW  HATCHERY,  THERESA,  NEW  YORK 


SQUABS 


war  s-q-u-a-b-s  wanted 

Raised  in  25  days,  ton  poultry  prices.  Why  breed  for 
small  profit  trade?  City  marketmen  want  all  you  ran 
ship.  Free  hook  has  detailed  accounts  by  know  how 
breeders  Write  today  for  it  and  our  low  J  4 


TURKEYS 


QUALITY  POULTS  Breeders.  F’riced  Reasonable. 

Circular.  SEIDELTON  FARMS,  Washingtonville.  Pa. 


DUCKS 


WHITE  RUNNER  DUCKS.  Winners.  Layers.  Enqs 
I2-$I  .50.  Collie  Pups  $10,  $5.  P.  McCullough,  Mercer.  Pa. 


DUCKLINGS 

PEKIN  DUCKLINGS 

largest  kind,  postpaid:  12,  $2.75;  25.  $5.50;  50,  $10.00; 
100,  $19.00. 

FAIRVIEW  HATCHERY,  THERESA,  NEW  YORK 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  June  6,  1942 


15  (  345) 


mens 


It's  the  BREEDING 
that  counts  ! 


■SEND  FOR  THr$ 

© 

Good  breeding  ^ 
in  chicks  means 


GREATER  PROFIT  r 

for  the  poulti'yman.  Hall’s  Chicks  are  © 
“Well  Bred  from  Well  Breeders” — 
Profit  Bred  and  Profit  Bound.  Our  Z 
flocks  are  headed  by  males  from  2 
R.  O.  P.  and  Pedigree  sources  and  our  ? 
program  of  selective  breeding  of 
high  producers  results  in  PROFIT- 
PRODUCING  stock  for  our  cus¬ 
tomers.  Get  your  chicks  from  a 
source  of  profit-producing  chicks 
for  over  30  years.  Order  Now. 

HALL  BROS.  HATCHERY.  Inc. 

Box  59,  Wallingford,  Conn. 


WELL  BRED  from  WELL  BREEDERS 


WHIT*4t0CK 

BABY  tin  m 

CHICK... 7  III*  «K> 

§2?«588  J6.!S> 

Special  Price  on  LARGE  ORDERS 

All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100% 
State  Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube  Agglut.  TOE- 
MAN’S  CHICKS  famous  for  RAPID  GROWTH. 
EARLY  MATURITY.  Profitable  EGG  YIELD. 
Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters  or 
market  eggs.  Send  for  FREE  Circular. 

1  SPECIALIZE  ONE  BREED,  ONE 
GRADE  at  ONE  PRICE. 

Dept.  B. 

ROCKLAND 

MASS. 


a 

a 

a 


JOSEPH 


TOLMAH 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


KERB 

CHICKS 

LIVE 


fair  PJ,4  Of 

™  dealing  )nT 

Patehea,tisfactfon. 

CH»C aB 


«/JH  CERTAINLY  PROUD 

o”/«r  MOUL'S 

NEW  HAMPSHIRES" 


“T  have  ability  to  grow  quickly  and 
PRODUCE  heavily  —  thus  help  in  The 
Food  for  Freedom  Drive.”  Moul’s  New 
Hampshires  or  Crossbreds  —  best  for 
eggs  or  broilers.  15,000  Breeders.  100%  Pullorupi 
Clean.  Catalog. 

MOUL’S  BRENTWOOD  POULTRY  FARMS 

BOX  A,  EXETER,  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


and 

SEXED  PULLETS 

R.  O.  P  SIRED 

Leghorns  -  New  Hampshires 
Rocks  -  Reds  -  Crossbreds 
Hatched  from  Pullorum  Clean  Breeders 
Guarantee  Protects  You.  Early  Order  Discount. 

IVrife  for  Catalog  and  Prices. 
TAYLOR’S  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  LIBERTY,  N.  Y. 


English  Black  Leghorns 

FOR  PROFIT 

Healthiest  breed,  no  pick-outs — 
no  paralysis.  Great  layers  of  big 
white  eggs,  as  broilers  dress  yel- 
!ow.  3000  Breeders  up  to  six 
years  old.  Chicks  and  eggs. 
Catalog  free.  Est.  1910. 

The  Keystone  Farms 

Box  87,  Richfield,  Pa. 


KfpUCED  SUMMER  PRICES 

WENE^  CHICKS 


Hatfi^reEE^r0Ved- 

NE  CHICK  FARMS,  Box  F-4.  ,  VINELAND,  N.  J. 

HAMPTON’S  BLACK  LEGHORN  CHICKS 

White  Healthy-  Hardy,  Heavy  Layers  of  Large 

free  a"88!'  antI  cannibalism.  Circular 

»ree.  A.  E.  HAMPTON.  Box  A.  PITTSTOWN.  N.  J. 


Hatches  Mon.-Tues.-Wed.-Thurs.  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ $8.00  $14.00  $2.50 

Black  or  White  Minorcas _  8.00  14.00  3.00 

B.  &  W.  Rox,  R.  I.  Reds.  W.  Wy.  8.00  1  2.00  7.00 

Red-Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross _  8.00  12.00  7.00 

Jersey  White  Giants _ 10.00  12.00  9.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAA  SUP.)  J2.00  16.00  7.00 

Heavy  Mixed  $7;  HEAVY  BROILER  CHIX,  no  sex 
guarantee,  $6.75.  Breeders  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D.. 
100%  live  del.  Postage  Paid.  AMERICAN  SEXORS 
ONLY.  95%  Accuracy. 

C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


( Continued  from  opposite  page) 

98  lbs.  of  mash.  It  is  not  recommend¬ 
ed  that  this  mash  l^e  used  longer  than 
two  weeks  unless  the  chicks  are  out 
in  direct  sunshine.  Otherwise,  rickets 
may  develop.  Some  poultrymen  have 
used  this  mash  containing  sulphur  for 
about  a  week  before  the  chicks  leave 
the  brooder  house  to  run  outside. 

—  a.  a. — 

AVERAGE  PRODUCTION 

.  How  can  I  figure  average  egg  produc¬ 
tion?  I  usually  lose  a  few  birds  every 
month. 

The  accurate  way  is  to  figure  the 
number  of  hen  days  per  month.  You 
can  start  with  the  number  of  hens  you 
have  at  the  beginning  of  the  month, 
multiply  by  the  days  in  the  month,  and 
then  subtract  from  that  the  “hen 
days”  lost  by  death.  For  example,  if 
a  hen  dies  or  is  culled  out  on  the  10th 
day  of  January,  you  should  subtract 
21  (31-10)  hen  days  from  that  month. 

A  less  accurate,  but  fairly  satisfac¬ 
tory  method  is  to  average  the  number 
of  hens  you  had  at  the  beginning  and 
the  end  of  the  month.  For  example, 
if  you  had  100  hens  at  the  beginning 
of  the  month  and  90  at  the  end,  your 
average  would  be  95.  If  it  is  a  30-day 
month,  100%  production  would  total 
2,850  eggs.  If  your  hens  lay  1,310,  di¬ 
vide  2,850  into  1,310,  which  gives  you 
about  16%. 

_ A  A. _ 

BROILERS 

What  is  the  best  time  to  sell  broilers? 

In  general,  the  price  for  broilers 
trends  downward  as  the  season  prog¬ 
resses.  Therefore,  it  is  profitable  to 
sell  them  as  soon  as  you  can  rather  than 
to  hold  them  for  extra  gains.  Try  to 
get  them  off  to  market  when  they  are 
between  eight  and  twelve  weeks  old. 

— a.  a. — 

LACK  FEATHERS 

I  have  some  Barred  Rock  chickens,  and 
they  seem  to  be  feathering  very  poorly. 
Can  you  tell  me  what  is  wrong? 

One  common  cause  of  bare  backs  is 
overcrowding.  A  good  way  to  figure 
the  necessary  space  is  to  do  it  by  the 
weight  of  the  chickens  rather  than  by 
the  number.  If  you  have  more  than 
1  y2  lbs.  of  chicken  per  square  £oot  of 
floor  space,  they  do  not  have  enough 
room.  A  contributing  factor  is  lack  of 
hopper  space.  The  strongest  chicks 
get  the  food  and  the  others  are  push¬ 
ed  away. 

— a.  a. — 

ISOLATION 


I  have  read  that  it  is  wise  to  keep 
chickens  entirely  separate  from  old  stock. 
How  can  this  be  done  on  a  small  farm 
where  it  is  necessary  for  the  same  per¬ 
son  to  take  care  of  both  old  stock  and 
pullets? 

This  situation  does  raise  difficulties, 
but  there  are  a  few  things  that  can  be 
done.  One  simple  thing  that  will  help 
a  great  deal  is  to  keep  a  pair  of  rub¬ 
bers  in  the  brooder  house  and  put  them 
on  before  you  step  in.  If  at  all  pos¬ 
sible,  raise  the  chickens  in  a  separate 
building,  some  distance  from  the  hen¬ 
house. 

—  a.  a. — 

HIDDEN  NAMES 

If  you  find  your  name  and  address 
hidden  away  in  the  advertising  col¬ 
umns,  but  standing  alone  without  con¬ 
nection  with  any  advertisement,  do  not 
fbe  puzzled.  We  call  this  our  “Hidden 
Name^  Contest.” 

Write  us  promptly,  saying,  “I  sa^.  my 

name  on  page - -of  the - issue 

of  American  Agriculturist ,”  and  you 
will  receive  a  check  for  $1.00.  Address 
Amerioan  Agriculturist,  Box  367-HN, 
Ithaca,  New  York. 

— a.  a. —  ■ 

The  U.  S.  maple  sugar  crop  this  year 
was  40%  higher  than  last  year  and  6% 
above  the  ten-year  average. 

The  New  York  production  was 
933,000  gallons  of  syrup  and  177,000 
pounds  of  sugar. 


LL 


CLEAR  SPRING  CHICKS 


.-.2  years  Breeding  experience.  We  have  Been  satisfying  a  steadv  growing 
list  of  prosperous  poultrymen  for  years.  All  Breeders  Blood  Tested 

1942  CATALOG  FREE. 


PULLETS  95%  GUARANTEED— 100%  LIVE  DELIVERY 

LARGE  TYPE  ENGLISH  LEGHORNS _ _ _ 

OUR  FAMOUS  HANSON  LEGHORNS  . . .  “  —  — ’Jj’jjjj 

RED-FACED  BLACK  SPANISH  MINORCAS  . _  o'oo 

BARRED  AND  WHITE  ROCKS,  R.  I.  REDS.. . .  _  I" 'I ‘  9  00 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  REDS  AND  RED-ROCK  CROSS _  "I 

CLEAR  SPRING  HATCHERY,  F.  B.  LEISTER,  Prop.  BOX'sh" 


STTt.— 100  PLTS.— 100  CKLS.— 100 


$8.00 

$15.00 

$2.00 

9.00 

16.00 

2.00 

.  9.00 

16. CO 

2.00 

9.00 

12.00 

8.00 

10.00 

13.00 

8.00 

McAlisterville,  pa. 


JUNIATA 
LEGHORNS 

Our  28th  year  of  breeding  for  larger  and  better  LEG¬ 
HORNS.  Our  Breeders  are  Large  Birds,  Blood  Tested 
and  perfectly  healthy.  Write  for  our  large  circular  show¬ 
ing  actual  photos  of  our  Farm  and  Stock.  IT  IS  FREE. 
Day  old  Chicks  and  Pullets  can  be  furnished  on  short 
notice.  Unsexed — 100  Pullets — 100 

Special  Hollywood  Matings  $8.50  $16.00 

Large  Tom  Barron  Matings  9.00  17.00 

JUNIATA  POULTRY  FARM 
BOX  A,  RICHFIELD,  PA. 


^tULSHFARMfCHICKira 


rivayw; 

All  Breeders  carefully  culled  & 

...  _  Blood  Tested.  Order  direct  from  l«i!= 
pJH  ad.  or  write  for  our  new  catalog. 

Satisfaction  and  safe  arrival  guaranteed. 
Shipments  Mon.  &  Thurs. —  Unsex’d  Pul’ts  C’k’ls 

Will  Ship  C.O.D.  100  100  100 

White  or  Brown  Leghorns _ $9.00  $16.00  $3.00 

Black  or  Buff  Leg.,  Anconas _  9.50  17.00  4.00 

Bar.  White  or  Buff  Bocks -  9.50  13.00  8.50 

Wh.  Wvand,  II.  I.  Reds.  N.  Hamps.  9.50  13.00  ,7.00 

Bed-Rocks,  Bock-Red  Cross _  9.50  13.00  8.50 

Sexing  guaranteed  95%  correct.  Our  21st  year. 
ULSH  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A,  Port  Trevorton,  Pa. 


’S  BARMH  icchorh- 

CHICKS 


CAe&tesu  ycMe^f  CJxloc\ 


VIM-VIGOR-VITALITY 


CASH  OR  C.O.D. 


Non-Sexed  Pullets  Ckls. 


SPECIAL  MATING  HANSON  STR.  100  100  100 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS _ $9.00  $16.00  $2.00 

Large  English  S.  C.  Wh.  Leghorns  8.00  15.00  2.00 

Bar.  &  Wh.  Rocks,  U.  I.  Reds _  9.00  12.00  8.00 

Red-Rock  Cross  &  Rock-Red  Cross  10.00  13.00  8.00 

New  Hampshire  Reds  Special  AAA  12.00  16.00  8.00 

Heavy  Mixed  $8.-100.  Heavy  Broiler  Ckls.  (our  selec¬ 
tion)  $6.-100.  All  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Post-Paid. 
Sexing  guaranteed  95%  accurate.  Order  direct  from 
adv.  or  write  for  FREE  actual  photo  catalog  (riving  full 
information  of  our  Breeders  and  Breeding  Program. 
Chester  Valley  Hatchery,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


SHIRK’SQUALITY  CHICKS 

From  Blood  Tested  Breeders.  Electric  Hatched. 
PULLETS  GUARANTEED  95%  Unsex.  Pul’ts  Ckls. 

Will  Ship  Cash  or  C.O.D.  100  100  100 

Large  Type  White  Leghorns - $8.00  $16.00  $2.00 

Bar.  and  Wh.  Rocks,  R.  I.  Reds _  9.00  12.00  8.00 

Red-Rock  A-  Rock-Red  Cross _ 10.00  12.00  9.00 

New  Hampshire  Reds  (Direct) _ 12.00  17.00  8.00 

Heavy  Mixed  _  8.00  10.00  7.00 

We  specialize  in  one  grade  and  one  price  as  all  our 
breeders  are  bred  up  to  one  quality,  outstanding  size 
and  egg  production.  Order  direct  from  ad  or  write  for 
FREE  Catalog  giving  full  information  of  our  breeders 
and  hatchery.  All  chicks  shipped  prepaid.  Guar.  100% 
live  delivery.  Hatches  Tuesdays  and  Thursdays. 
SHIRK’S  HATCHERY. 

H.  C.  Shirk,  Prop.,  Box  AA,  Route  2,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


Your  Chicks  MUST  be  good  this'  year) 
___  Don't  take  chances.  Clauser  chicks  are  from 

large  size,  heavy  production  Barron  English  S.  C.  W. 
Leghorns.  Hens  weigh  up  to  7  lbs.  Mated  with  R.O.P. 
Pedigreed  Cockerels.  Extra  quality  chicks  from  Blood-test¬ 
ed.  healthy,  vigorous  selected  stock.  Straight  run,  sexed 
pullets  or  cockerels.  Write  for  price  list  and  catalog. 

Robert  L.  Clauser  Kieinfe?i^m..  Pa. 


CHERRY  HILL  CHICKS 


Twenty-Five  years  of  Breeding  and  Hatching  Experi¬ 
ence.  Assures  you  the  highest  quality.  Tested  for  B.W.D. 
Postage  Paid.  Catalog  FREE.  Live  Delivery. 

Pullets  Guar.  95%  Accurate.  Per  100  100'  100 

BIG  R.O.P.  SIRED  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS  _ $7.50  $14.00  $2.00 

White  or  Barred  Rocks _  8.00  11.00  7.00 

New  Hamps.  or  S.  C.  R,  I.  Reds  9.00  13.00  6.00 
Less  than  100  add  lc  Der  chick.  Also  Started  Chicks. 

CHERRY  HILL  POULTRY  FARM; 

Wm.  Nace,  (Prop.)  Box  A,  MCALISTERVILLE.  PA. 


IfMI 

vs 


C*MLA  r*t,VLI  C«+MV. 


QUALITY  CHICKS 


Hatch Tue.  &  Tiiur.  100%  L.  Del.  P.P.  Non-Sex  Pit’s  Ckl’s 
Pullets  95%  Accurate  guar.  100  100  100 

Large  Type  White  Leghorns _ $  8.00  $16.00  $2.00 

B.  &W.  Rox,  R.  I.  Reds  Rox-Hed  Cr.  9.00  12.00  8.00 

Special  Bred  N.  H.  Reds _  13.00  1  7.00  8. 00 

H.  Mix  $8.-100.  Ail  Breeders  BLOOD  TESTED,  Antigen 
method.  Catalog  FREE.  Write.  MCALISTERVILLE 
HATCHERY,  Box  20,  McALlSTERVI LLE.  PA. 


£r/. 


l W 

(AI  100%  del.  CashorC.O.D.  UNSEX.  PLTS.  CKLS 
(Pullets  Guar.  95%)  100  100  100 

Hanson  Special  Wh.  Leg.  $8.00  $16.00  $3.00 

Hanson  or  Eng.  Wh.  Leg _  7.50  15.00  2.50 

Bar.  &  Wh.  Rox,  R.  I.  Reds _  9.00  12.00  7.00 

H.  Mix  $7.  breeders  Blood  Tested.  Free  Cir.  Postpaid 
NIEMOND’S  POULTRY  FARM  &  HATCHERY. 
Norman  Niemond,  Box  A,  MCALISTERVILLE,  PA. 


ICTORY 
SELECTION 


Depend  on  a  big  hatchery  with  a  long-established 
record  of  fair  dealing  and  prompt  service!  Hayes  Bros. 
Supreme  Chicks  guaranteed  100%  alive  arrival — 90% 
accuracy  in  sexing.  20  varieties  to  choose  from.  45,000 
chicks  hatched  daily.  Sexed  or  non-sexed.  Postpaid. 
Price  list  on  request.  Our  Victory  Selection  is  made 
from  day  to  day  to  even  up  the  distribution  of  regular 
orders.  You  get  whatever  it  is  convenient  to  send  you 
according  to  the  day’s  hatch —  eS  IS  Per 

for  only  _ iqq 

Hayes  Bros.  Hatchery,  111  Hayes  Bldg.,  Decatur,  III. 


NACE’S  QUALITY  CHICKS 


We  pay  postage.  Safe  delivery  guaranteed. 
HANSON  OR  ENGLISH  LARGE  100  100  100 

TYPE  WHITE  LEGHORNS  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls 

R. O.P.  SIRED  - $7.00  $14.00  $2.00 

S.  C.  Everpay  Br.  Leghorns _  7.00  14.00  2.00 

Bar.  and  White  Rocks -  8.00  12.00  7.00 

N.  H.  and  R.  I.  Reds -  8.00  12.00  6.00 

Heavy  Mixed  -  6.50  10.00  |6.00 

From  Free  range  Flocks.  Sexed  Pullets  Guar.  95% 
accurate.  Order  from  ad  or  write  for  Catalog. 

J.  N.  NACE  POULTRY  FARM  &  HATCHERY. 
Box  A,  RICHFIELD.  PENNSYLVANIA. 


Mrs.  Anna  H.  Sheldon,  R.  I,  Rupert,  Vt. 

HANSON  R.  O.  P.  ?™;>s 

As  hatched  $8.-100.  Pullets  $16.-100.  Cockerels  $2.50- 
100.  White  Rocks  $9.-100.  Post  Paid. 

C.  M.  SHELLENBERGER’S  POULTRY  FARM, 
Box  37,  RICHFIELD,  PA. 


DAY  OLD  AND  STARTED  CHICKS.  Bloodtested 
Breeders.  Write  for  our  1942  prices.  Prompt  shipment 
ROSELAWN  CHICK  FARM.  Box  A,  McAlisterville.  Pa. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw  it  in 
AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 

Use  this  handy  BABY  CHICK  order  form 

FILL  OUT  AND  PASTE  ON  GOVERNMENT  POST  CARD 

CD  Please  send  me  your  latest  price  list,  catalog  or  circular. 

□  Please  ship  C.O.D.  □  Express  □  Parcel  Post 

No.  Description  Each  Total 


I  understand  your  guarantee  is  as  per  your  recent  advertisement 
in  American  Agriculturist. 


Signed  . 
Address 


R.D.  or  St. 


City  or  Town 


State 


(346)  16 


Ai  terican  Agriculturist,  June  6,  1942 


NotitkeoAt  MasJzeti  fpA,  ft ositkeoit  PnxiduceSiA 


"American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page 


99 


HOLSTEIN 


TRY  “WAIT  FARMS”  FIRST 

for  your  nelkt  Herd  Sire.  We  specialize  on  Type  and 
Production.  2  Gold  Medal  Herd  Sires,  2  Silver  Medal. 
Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  ™AEUB^T  5aryms' 

ORCHARD  HILL  STOCK  FARM 

offers  for  sale  Carnation  bred  bulls  of  excellent  type 
from  high  producing  dams  and  sired  by 
Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

M.  R.  Klock  &  Son,  Fort  Plain,  N.  Y. 
Holstein  Bull  Calves,  for  sale  or  lease. 

sons  of  Commodore  Constance,  Dam  K.O.I.  Pauline 
made  Ib.S  lbs.  fat,  28079  lbs.  milk:  was  N.  Y.  State 
Champion.  Out  of  high  producing,  excellent  type  dams 
backed  by  4%  test  dams.  At  farmers’  prices.  PAUL 
STERUSKY,  Sunnyhill  Dairy  Farm,  Little  Falls.  N.  Y. 

For  Sale:  REGISTERED  HOLSTEINS 

Will  sell  30  head.  Your  choice  of  IIS.  Herd  average 
3.75%  fat  last  eighteen  months.  Many  splendid  fami- 
lies  that  combine  show  quality  with  high  production 
Some  high  quality  young  bulls,  excellent  show  prospects 
PAUL  SMITH,  NEWARK  VALLEY,  NEW  YORK 


BULLS 


ALL  AGES,  BY  EXTRA 
WELL  BRED  SIRES,  FROM 
COWS  WITH  GOOD  C.T.A. 
RECORDS. 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 


GUERNSEY 


TARBELL  FARMS  GUERNSEYS 

Federal  Accredited  —  360  HEAD  —  Negative 
YOUNG  BULLS  FOR  SALE.  CLOSELY  RELATED  TO 
Tarbell  Farms  Peerless  Margo  613193,  18501.4  lbs.  Milk, 
1013.3  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  3  Yr.  Old. 
Tarbell  Farms  Royal  Lenda  467961,  20508.9  lbs.  Milk, 
1109.0  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  4  Yr.  Old. 

TARBELL  FARMS 

Smithville  Flats,  New  York 


SELECT  GUERNSEY  BULL  — 

Age  6  months.  Dam  and  Sire’s  dam  have  five  records 
averaging  13.268  M.,  588.6  F.  Sired  by  McDonald 

Farms  Dauntless,  a  full  brother  to  McDonald  Farms 
Artist,  14,550  M.,  746.7  F.  Cl.  C  and  show  winner  at 
National  I £18-39.  Dauntless  is  sired  by  Foremost  Pre¬ 
diction,  son  of  Valors  Faithful,  20,011  M.,  976.5  F. 

Cl.  A  and  Foremost  Bell  Buoy.  Write  for  pedigree 
and  prices. 

WYCHMERE  FARM 

Clifford  W.  Smith,  Mgr.,  Ontario,  N.  Y. 


For  Sale:  Registered  Guernsey  Bulls. 

READY  FOR  SERVICE,  FROM  600  LB.  DAMS. 
FEW  HEIFERS  UNDER  ONE  YEAR. 

Price  reasonable  (a  good  time  to  buy). 

Lake  Delaware  Farms,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 


Excellent  Guernsey  Bulls 

TWO  MONTHS  TO  SERVICEABLE  AGE. 
Heredity  of  Langwater  Valor  and  Saugerties  Royal 
Sequel  of  Production  and  Type.  For  sale  or  lease 
with  reliable  Farm  Bureau  reference. 

RATH  BROS., 

Stone  Rd.,  PITTSFORD,  N.  Y. 


John  Sfenzel,  R.  I,  Lebanon,  N.  J. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEINS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  »Y. 


Choice  Dairy  Cows 

50  Early  Fall  big  breedy  Heifers,  Holsteins  &  Guernseys; 
50  Early  Fall  cows.  Fancy  Grade  and  Reg.  Holsteins  &. 
Guernseys:  50  Fresh  cows  and  close  springers. 

O.  J.  WARD  &  SON,  cpAhr°3RH  oNr-3YY- 


ARERDEEN- ANGUS 


HEREFORD  —  ANGUS 

EVERYTHING  IN  REGISTERED  AND 
COMMERCIAL  BREEDING  STOCK. 

West  Acres  Farms,  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y. 


SHORTHORNS 


DUAL  PURPOSE  SHORTHORNS 

TWO  WELL  GROWN  RED  HEIFERS 
DUE  NOV.  25  AND  DEC.  21. 

CEDAR  FARM,  Box  125,  OVID,  N.  Y. 


£i>e*xjtAs 


June  20 
Aug.  5 
Aug.  12 

Oct.  3 

June  6 

June  10-12 
June  18 
June  18-19 
July  4-18 
July  21-24 
July  26-28 
July  28 
Aug.  15 

Aug.  20 

Aug.  21-22 

Aug.  26-28 


Cattle  Sales 

Annual  Sale  of  New  York  Jersey  Cattle 
Club,  Meridalc  Farms,  Meredith,  N.  Y. 
Finger  Lakes  Ayrshire  Club  Sale,  Cortland, 
New  York. 

4th  Annual  Consignment  Sale,  Lancaster 
County  Ayrshire  Breeders’  Ass’n.,  Lan¬ 
caster,  Pa. 

New  York  Federation  Ayrshire  Production 
Sale,  Cobleskill. 


Coming  Events 


Aug.  30- 
Sept.  7-10 


Maryland  Ayrshire  Field  Day  and  Picnic, 
William  Sharrer  Farm,  Westminster. 
Classification  of  Stone  House  herd. 

National  Conference  of  National  Poultry 
Improvement  Plan,  Chicago,  III. 

Dairymen’s  League  Annual  Meeting,  Buf¬ 
falo,  N.  Y. 

Business  Management  Conference  for  Co¬ 
operatives,  Mass.  State  College,  Amherst. 

Summer  Institute  for  Social  Progress, 
Wellesley,  Mass. 

International  Baby  Chick  Ass’n.  Conven¬ 
tion,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

American  Poultry  Ass’n.  Convention,  Pitts¬ 
burgh,  Pa. 

Adirondack  Ayrshire  Club  Picnic  and  Field 
Day. 

Summer  Meeting  Vermont  Jersey  Cattle 
Club  at  Oakridge  Farm,  owned  by  Otis  A. 
Kenyon,  Windsor. 

State  Jersey  Cattle  Club  Summer  Meeting 
and  Bull  Distribution,  The  Rooks,  Little¬ 
ton,  New  Hampshire. 

Classification  Sibley  Farms  Jersey  Herd, 
Aug.  21:  State  Club  Meeting  and  Bull 
Distribution,  Aug.  22,  Spencer,  Mass. 

1942  Poultry  Industries  Exposition  of 
Northeastern  Poultry  Producers  Council, 
Hotel  New  Yorker,  New  York  City. 

Annual  Northeastern  Egg  Grading  and  Mar¬ 
keting  School,  University  of  Connecticut, 
Storrs. 


Nov.  11-19  National  Grange,  Spokane,  Washington. 


_ SWINE _ 

Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 
Registered  POLAND  CHINAS 

BOARS.  READY.  $30.00  TO  $35.00. 

6  WEEKS  PIGS.  LARGE  STOCK. 

C.  W.  HILLMAN,  Vincentown,  N.  J. 
Quality  Poland  China  Breeding  Stock. 

Hardy  Herd — See  it.  Now  offering.  Rugged  250  pound 
fall  gilts,  BRED  t0  world’s  Premier  boar  “Glamour 
Boy.”  Reserve  Junior  Champion,  Iowa  State  Fair,  1941, 
for  late  summer  and  early  fall  litters. 
GREENFIELD  FARMS,  TIFFIN,  OHIO. 


PIGS 


Defend  your  family  meat  supply.  Invest  S20  or  $30  for 
4  or  5  pigs  now  to  provide  about  1000  lbs.  dressed 
pork  next  winter,  which  would  cost  about  $300.  at 
retail  meat  shops.  Feed  some  grain,  pasture,  skim, 
garbage,  cull  fruit  and  vegetables,  incubator  eggs,  etc. 
Pigs  six  weeks  $6.00:  8  weeks  $6.50:  10  weeks  $7.50: 
12  weeks  $8.50.  Crated,  castrated,  serum  vaccinated 
grain  fed  pigs.  Money  back  guaranteed  to  satisfy  on 
arrival.  Poland  Chinas.  Berkshires  or  Crosses.  Mail 
order  to — 

C.  STANLEY  SHORT.  CHESWOLD,  DELAWARE. 

RUGGED  PIGS! 

Chester  Whites,  Chester- Berkshire,  Yorkshire-Chester, 
Duroc  crosses.  5-6  weeks,  $6.50:  7  weeks,  $7.00:  8-9 
weeks,  $8.00.  Please  state  second  choice.  Boars,  bar- 
rows,  sows.  Crates  free.  Ship  C.O.D. 

CARL  ANDERSON.  Virginia  Rd.,  CONCORD,  MASS. 


FOR  SALE: 

Two  pure  bred  yearling  Berkshire  boars, 

READY  FOR  HEAVY  SERVICE. 

Cornell’s  Eventuation  and  Willow  Barron  breeding. 

Triangle  Farms,  Rock  Stream,  N.  Y. 


REGISTERED  BERKSHIRES 

Weanling  Pigs  $10.00. 

George  D.  Banta,  3rd,  Unadilla,  N.  Y. 

,W.W/UW.SWWWVWSAiWW 

When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 

JVV.V.W.W.%WW^.%V.VWV 


NORSES 


Cornell  University  offers  annual  surplus 

OF  HORSES  FOR  SALE.  BELG I A  NS— PERCH  ERO  NS. 
Mares  and  stallions  of  all  ages.  Several  work  teams. 

Prices  low  for  immediate  sale. 

Contact,  R.  M.  WATT,  DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL 
HUSBANDRY,  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 


DOGS 


SHEPHERDS  —  COLLIES 

TRAINED  CATTLE  DOGS  AND  PUPS. 

HEEL  DRIVERS  —  BEAUTIES. 

WILMOT,  East  Thetford,  Vt. 


FOR  SALE:  German  Shepherd  Puppy, 

FEMALE,  14  WEEKS  OLD. 

Cosalta  breeding,  distemper  inoculated.  $25.00. 

I.  W.  Ingalls,  R.D.  3,  Trumansburg,N.Y. 


FOR  SALE  —  Border  Collie  Puppies 

“Natural  born  drivers.” 


Mrs.  William  P.  Corrigan, 


R.D.  4, 

AUBURN,  N.Y. 


HONEY 


HONEY 


BUCKWHEAT:  5  lbs.,  $1.10: 
10  lbs.,  $2.00.  CLOVER,  5  lbs., 
$1.25;  10  lbs.,  $2.15. 
Postage  prepaid  to  fourth  zone. 

W.  Botsford,  Horseheads,  N.  Y. 


POULTRY 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS.  BARRED  ROCKS,  ROCK-RED 
CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


McLoughlin  Leghorns 

Progeny-test  bred.  7-time  New  York 
R.O.P.  champions  with  average  produc¬ 
tion  records  of  257.  253,  256,  258,  266, 
261  and  262  eggs.  U.S.  Pullorum  Clean. 


V  McLoughlin  Leghorn  Farm.  Chatham  Center.N.Y. 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

»  Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAM  PSH I  RES. 
BARRED  ROCKS,  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  All  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
Folder  and  Prices. 

WILLIAM  S.  MAPES,  MiddleBt°0xwnAv  Y. 


POULTRY 


The  McGREGOR  FARM 


S.  C.  White  Leghorns  —50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 
THE  McGREGOR  FARM,  Box  A,  MAINE.  N.  Y. 

CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 
ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS,  REDS,  ROCK-RED  CROSS. 

WHITE  ROCKS  — “They  Satisfy." 

Pullorum  free,  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  details. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER,  Box  C,  GALLUPVILLE,  N.  Y. 


THERE  are  more  than  190,000 
readers  of  Americdn  Agricul¬ 
turist  doing  what  you  are  doing 
— reading  this  advertisement. 

If  you  have  something  of  interest 
to  offer  them,  why  not  send 
your  advertisement  now? 


EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

Hatching  Eggs  —  Started  Pullets 

James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  Trumans°bXurgA' n.  y. 

Walter  Rich’s 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 

Are  You  Looking  For 

PROFITABLE  Producers? 

HANSON  LEGHORNS  AND  PARMENTER  REDS. 
HEAVY  PRODUCERS  OF  LARGE  EGGS.  FOR 
EXTRA  PROFITS  GET  SPRINGBROOK  PULLETS. 
CATALOG  ON  REQUEST. 

SPRINGBROOK  POULTRY  FARM 

WEBSTER  A.  J.  KUNEY  &  SON, 

Box  “A”,  SENECA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  U.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders-  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
Eist  describing  our  Eeghorns,  Reds,  and 
crossbreds. 

Eli  H.  Bodine,  Box  28,  Chemung,  N.  Y. 

Rich  Poultry  Farms 

Leghorns  Progeny  Tested  Reds 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS. 

Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de¬ 
scribes  our  method  of  growing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 


quality*  Pedigree  S.C.W.  Leghorns 

B.W.D.  TESTED  PULLETS  AND  BREEDING  STOCK. 
Progeny  Tested  under  supervision  Cornell  University. 

Hartwick  Hatchery,  Inc.,  Hartwick,  N.Y. 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 

Equipped  100  Acres;  Biz  Site 

On  heavily-traveled  highway,  close  to  lake  and  summer 
colony,  easy  drive  to  two  cities;  45  acres  for  strawber¬ 
ries,  potatoes,  corn,  etc.,  pasture,  brook,  woodlot:  marl 
bed  with  83%  lime:  7  rooms,  running  water,  elec.,  2 
barns,  other  buildings;  if  taken  now  $4300,  terms,  in¬ 
cluding  team,  15  cattle,  tools,  crops;  see  picture  pag* 
27  big  Free  catalog  1384  bargains  many  States. 

STROUT  REALTY 

255-R  4th  Ave.,  New  York  City 

Macadam  Highway  Combination  Large 

Dairy  Farm  and  Good  Home 

In  a  region  recognized  for  its  many  advantages  and 
top  yields  of  various  farm  commodities.  174  acres, 
60  tillage,  70  pasturage,  balance  in  woods.  10-room 
house.  80  ft.  barn.  silo.  Most  all  public  services. 
$6000.  Investigate  long-term  payment  plan. 

FEDERAL  LAND  BANK 

SPRINGFIELD,  MASSACHUSETTS 


PONY  WANTED 

- ^ 

WANTED:  PONY  AND  CART 

LARGE  ENOUGH  FOR  ADULTS  USE. 

Send  full  particulars. 

T.  E.  Kruglak,  R.R.  2,  Norwalk,  Conn. 


HELP  WANTED 

WORKING  MANAGER  AND  HERDSMAN  WANTED 
to  take  complete  charge  of  small  dairy  farm  located  90 
miles  from  Philadelphia.  This  is  a  miniature  show 
place  of  100  acres  with  new  modem  dairy  barn  with 
,20  head  pure  bred  Guernseys.  Must  have  thorough 
knowledge  of  milk  production,  breeding,  keeping  of 
records,  general  farming,  with  some  knowledge  of  hogs 
and  chickens.  This  farm  is  fully  equipped  with  all 
new  tractor  drawn  machinery.  Modern  brick  home  with 
all  conveniences,  including  steam  heat.  This  offers  an 
exceptional  opportunity  for  an  experienced,  ambitious 
hardworker  who  can  produce  results.  Give  complete 
details  as  to  experience,  references  and  salary  desired. 
ALPHA  MILLS,  INC.,  Schuylkill  Haven,  Pennsylvania. 


MAN  WANTED— Single,  Middle-Aged, 

clean,  good  habits,  now  living  in  Central  New  York, 
for  work  on  general  farm.  Finger  Lakes  Section. 
Reasonable  wages,  good  home. 

BOX  514-1,  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST, 
ITHACA,  NEW  YORK 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

This  classified  page  is  for  the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for ■  advertising  the  folldiving  classifications: 
LIVESTOCK — Cattle,  Swine.  Sheep,  Horses,  Dogs,  Rabbits,  Goats,  Mink,  Ferrets:  FARM  PRODUCE — Field 
Seeds,  Hay  and  Straw,  Maple  Syrup,  Honey,  Pop  Com,  Miscellaneous;  POULTRY — Breeding  Stock.  Hatching  Eggs: 
■EMPLOYMENT — Help  Wanted.  Situation  Wanted'  FARM  REAL  ESTATE—  Farms  for  Sale.  Farms  Wanted’ 
USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT— For  Sale.  Wanted. 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers'  classified  advertising  rates.  Two 

advertising  space  units  are  oifered  as  follows:  space  one  inch  deeD-^one  column  wide  at  $6.00  per  issue  or 
space  one-half  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.00  per  issue.  Copy  must  lie  received  at  American  Agriculturist. 
Advertising  Dept..  Box  514,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  11  days  before  publication  date.  No  Baby  Chick  advertising  ac¬ 
cepted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows:  lan.  3.  17,  31:  Feb.  14,  28:  Mar.  14,  28;  April  IL 
May  9,  23;  June  6,  20;  July  4,  18;  Aug.  I,  15,  29;  Sept.  12,  26;  Oct.  10,  24;  Nov.  7,  21:  Deo.  S. 


At  lerican  Agriculturist,  June  6,  1942 


17  (  347) 


savc  A  MAM 

ut  Htujittq  '7ttnr 


Two  men  and  this  Papec  will  put  up 
your  hay  faster  than  three  men  with  fork 
or  slings.  No  stops  for  bad  weather  because 
you  can  turn  uncured  hay  into  grass  silage. 
Chopped  hay  doubles  mow  capacity,  feeds 
out  easier,  is  cleaned  up  100%.  Stacks  shed 
water  like  a  duck’s  back. 

Papec,  with  its  man-saving  finger  feed, 
also  stores  straw  after  combining  or  direct 
from  thresher,  shreds  fodder,  elevates  feed 
grains.  Your  name  on  postal  will  bring  free 
booklet  on  how  to  handle  all  your  forage 
crops  with  less  help.  Papec  Machine  Co., 
396  S.  Main  St., 

Shortsville,  N.  Y. 


More  In  Use  Than  Any  Other  Make 


When  used  as  soon  as  swell- 
ingisnoticed,  Absorbine  often 
lets  you  keep  horses  working. 

Absorbine,  a  time-tested  rem¬ 
edy,  brings  fast  relief  to  the 
injury.  It  speeds  the  blood 
flow  to  the  swelling  to  help 
carry  off  the  congestion.  Often 
relieves  lameness  due  to  con¬ 
gestive  troubles  in  a  few  hours. 

Absorbine  is  not  a  “cure-all”  but  proven 
help  in  relieving  fresh  bog  spavin,  windgall, 
collar  gall  and  similar  congestive  troubles.  It 
won’t  blister  or  remove  hair.  Used  by  many 
veterinaries  for  over  40  years.  $2.50  for  a 
LONG-LASTING  BOTTLE  that  will  prove 
its  value  many  times!  At  all  druggists  or  post¬ 
paid.  W.  F.  Young,  Inc.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


L  '  ABSORBINE  J 


Harder  Silos 

War  program  demands  more 
milk.  Highest  prices  assur¬ 
ed.  Good  roughage  (Silage) 
essential  to  low  cost  pro¬ 
duction. 

Silos  are  scarce  — 
secure  yours  now. 

HARDER  SILO  COMPANY,  Inc. 

108  Grand  St.,  Cobleski II.  N.  Y. 


MovingO 

If  you  are,  you  I 

will  want  the  address  on 
your  paper  changed.  On 
a  postal  card  or  by  letter 
write  us  your  old  and  * 
your  new  address.  ' 


CIRCULATION  DEPARTMENT, 

10  North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


|  BUY  VICTORY  BONDS  j 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.}  ROBERTS 


CEILING  PRICES  and  their  effect 
upon  present  and  future  dollars  for 
our  livestock  are  of  importance,  inter¬ 
est  and  wonder  right  now.  Livestock 
prices  have  no  directly  applied  ceilings. 
We  can  sell  our  livestock  to  anyone  for 
as  much  as  we  can  get,  but  the  slaught¬ 
erer  cannot  sell  the  meat  or  any  part 
of  it,  or  the  by-product,  for  more  than 
he  received  from  his  high  sales  in 
March.  The  retailer  cannot  sell  any 
part  for  more  than  his  high  sales  in 
March. 

Accordingly,  if  a  slaughterer  sold  no 
dressed  calves  for  over  22c  in  March, 
he  cannot  sell  now  for  over  22c.  Yet, 
if  his  competitor  sold  any  calves  for 
28c  in  March,  he  can  now  sell  for  28c. 
If  the  retailer  bought  his  cattle  as  beef 
for  19c  and  sold  his  steaks,  roasts,  etc., 
on  that  basis,  he  cannot  now  sell  to  the 
consumer  for  more  than  he  charged  for 
steaks,  roasts,  etc.,  in  March.  Right 
now,  the  wholesaler  cannot  get  good 
calves  to  sell  at  22c  dressed,  or  good 
beef  to  sell  at  19c.  These  are  actual 
situations  existing  in  Buffalo  today. 
They  suggest  caution  to  any  of  you 
who  have  livestock  to  sell,  as  one  buy¬ 
er  may  not  be  able  to  pay  as  much 
as  another. 

The  wholesaler  or  the  retailer  whose 
ceiling  is  lower  than  his  competitors 
has  either  got  to  lose  money,  go  out 
of  business,  go  to  a  Government 
Board  for  a  Special  Higher  Permit,  or 
substitute  a  lower  grade.  This  latter 
is  what  is  being  done  quite  generally. 

“Ceilings”  will: 

1.  Increase  the  demand  for  meats  by 
holding  down  prices. 

2.  They  will  take  up  profit  slacks  be¬ 
tween  the  producer  and  the  con¬ 
sumer. 

3.  Grades  of  meat  and  live  animals  as 
we  have  known  them  will  largely 
lose  their  significance. 

4.  Eventually  they  will  tend  to  stabilize 
livestock  prices  at  prices  at  least 
as  high  as  any  present  “peak  price.” 
5.  Raise  the  price  of  medium,  grassy, 
and  poorer  classes  of  livestock. 
(This  is  already  here.) 

6.  Tend  to  eliminate  seasonal  price 
fluctuations  without  regard  to  sup¬ 
ply. 

7.  Bring  about  an  advantage  in  pas¬ 
ture  feeding  (cheap  gains)  and  fall 
marketing. 

8.  Stabilize  livestock  feeding  for  win¬ 
ter  and  spring  sales  with  a  com¬ 
paratively  known  future'  price. 

9.  Be  subject  to  change  at  any  time. 

Now  then,  with  such  a  new  situa¬ 
tion,  what  position  are  you  in  with 
livestock  ? 

CATTLE:  The  ineffectiveness  of  price 
ceilings  on  a  grade  basis  will  tend  to 
put  pasture  cattle,  as  well  as  our  cows 
and  heifers,  in  a  better  position  for 
meat  as  compared  to  present  prices  or 
top  prices.  This  gives  the  Northeast  a 
distinct  advantage.  Apparently,  the 
demand  for  beef  for  the  balance  of 
this  year  will  exceed  the  supply,  ex¬ 
cept  possibly  for  a  short  time  in  the 
late  fall. 

HOGS:  Hogs  are  still  short  of  demand, 
but  the  recent  price  situation  would 
indicate  they  are  more  definitely  tied 
to  ceilings.  They  have  been  under 
them  longer,  and  the  stabilizing  effect 
is  more  apparent.  Storage  stocks  of 
pork  are  being  reduced.  While  hog 
production  has  been  greatly  increased, 
so  many  sows  and  gilts  are  being  held 


back  on  farms  that  no  real  increase  in 
marketing  is  anticipated  this  summer. 

SHEEP  &  LAMBS:  The  lamb  market 
is  now  nearer  what  it  should  have  been 
all  winter.  Present  prices  are  well 
protected  by  the  1919-1929  average 
price  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  they  are 
over  $3  a  hundred  higher  than  they 
were  this  winter.  They  have  not  been 
placed  under  a  ceiling v  and  probably 
will  not  be,  unless  they  are  placed 
there  soon.  Nevertheless,  the  wool 
ceiling  and  the  ceiling  of  other  meats 
will  probably  pretty  nearly  hold  lamb 
and  mutton  prices  about  where  they 
are  now. 

HORSES:  Prices  are  lagging  again, 
but  I  do  not  believe  they  will  for  long. 
Large  city  users  of  truck  deliveries  are 
all  in  the  market  at  the  present  time 
for  horses  and  horse  equipment.  The 
newspaper  with  the  largest  circulation 
in  Buffalo  is  now  in  the  horse  market. 

— a.  a. — 

EQUIPMENT  FOR  DAIRY 
FARMERS 

Lacking  man-hours  in  the  form  of 
hired  help,  the  dairyman  must  turn  to 
labor-saving,  milk-producing  equip¬ 
ment.  Devices  like  milking  machines, 
cream  separators,  water  cups,  litter 
and  feed  carriers,  save  precious  hours 
each  day,  releasing  the  farmer  for  field 
and  other  important  work  on  the  farm. 
But  there’s  the  rub.  The  farm  equip¬ 
ment  dealer  is  finding  it  more  difficult 
by  the  hour  to  supply  many  of  these 
vitally  needed  tools  of  the  dairyman’s 
trade.  Priorities  and  allocations  on  steel 
have  drastically  reduced  the  ability  of 
manufacturers  to  produce  these  devices 
so  consequential  to  running  a  dairy 
business. 

The  statement  that  food  will  win  the 
war  and  write  the  peace  was  not  face¬ 
tiously  uttered  as  a  figure  of  speech. 
Nor  did  President  Roosevelt  seek  to 
mislead  anyone  when  he  stamped  food 
as  a  weapon  equally  as  potent  as  tanks 
and  planes  and  ships.  Therefore,  we 
can  well  place  the  production  of  food 
alongside  the  all-out  effort  to  build 
armaments.  Certainly  neither  can  win 
without  the  other. 

The  least  we  can  do  to  “keep  ’em 
milking”  is  to  provide  the  dairyman 
with  those  tools  he  so  sorely  needs  if 
he  is  to  measure  up  to  this  his  greatest 
assignment. — M.  C.  Goodrich. 


—a.  a. — 

KEEPING  THEM 
ON  THE  FARM 

( Continued  from  Page  8) 
these  wonderful  cattle.  He  lives  and 
breathes  for  them.  He  has  learned 
from  them  as  they  have  from  him.  Is 
he  looking  forward  to  the  time  when 
he  can  “get  away  from  it  all?”  His 
interest  in  and  love  of  these  animals 
give  him  something  to  work  for  at 
home.  Thus  his  every  energy  is  direct¬ 
ed  toward  developing  his  herd,  instead 
of  developing  his  heels  and  his  cue 
shot  at  the  nearby  dance  halls  and 
pool  rooms. 

As  is  usually  the  case  with  most 
successful  junior  projects,  Alton’s  par¬ 
ents  are  giving  him  all  the  help  and 
encouragement  they  can.  To  see  their 
eyes  light  up  at  the  successes  of  their 
children  is  to  see  parenthood  at  its 
best. 

In  this  way,  this  hard  working  couple 
are  building  for  the  security  of  their 
children.  At  the  same  time  they  are 
demonstrating  in  dramatic  fashion  the 
best  answer  to  the  question  of  “How 
Ya  Gonna  Keep  ’Em  Down  On  the 
Farm?” 

— a.  a. — 

CORRECTION 

In  the  advertisement  of  the  New 
York  State  Jersey  Cattle  Club  on  page 
11  of  the  last  issue,  the  name  and  ad¬ 
dress  of  Alberta  E.  Smith,  Bath,  should 
have  been  Albert  E.  Smith,  Worcester. 


\l'  Reduce 
Weighf  Of  Your 

-HOGS-POULTRY 

1  dependable 


CAPSULES 


for  the  dc^rortloo  *d4  eipeUlnq  e t 
«od  Hen*- 

worm*  from  C«u  tad  blact  Mil-arr 

roira  of  !  •(«<•  Kr«,4»oioii  from  Pool- 
U«dU.(  *w'a“*,b  * orm*  from  8bsa« 

Do* — M  di/Ktcd  br  the  Vcteiiu/mo. 
BEE  CIKCCLAR  ENCLOSED 


PARKE,  DAVIS  &  CO.  [ 


Free  Worm  Booklet 

Explains  how  to  use  Nemo  Worm 
Capsules  to  remove  stomach  worms 
in  sheep,  large  roundworms  in 
hogs  and  poultry,  and  hookworms 
in  other  animals . Write  to 


Animal  Industry  Dept.,  Desk  N-72-F 

PARKE,  DAVIS  &  CO.,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

Drug  Stores  Sell  Nema  Worm  Capsules 


Henry  W.  Wilson,  R.  I,  Ovid,  N.  Y. 


JUICE 
TIGHT! 


Wood  is  the  proven, 
best  material  in  which 
to  cure  and  keep  silage. 

But  only  the  Unadilla  has 
the  patented  lock  dowell- 
ing  and  V-type  anchors  that 
tie  the  entire  silo  into  a  Juice- 
)  tight  —  windproof  —  enduring 
structure.  With  fair  care  it 
should  outlast  any  other  silo. 
Save  the  Juice!  It  contains  valu¬ 
able  body  and  bone  building 
mineral  food.  Sure-grip,  sure- 
step,  door-front  ladder  assures 
convenience  and  safety. 

Write  today  for  catalog  and  early- 
order  low  prices.  Unadilla  Silo  Co., 
Box  B,  Unadilla,  N.  Y. 

A6INIS  WANTED  —  for  Open  Territory. 


UNADILLA  SILOS 


Don’t  Let  Your  Accident 

Insurance  Policy  Run  Out 

If  you  have  been  notified  that  your  policy  is  to  run  out 
soon,  renew  it  right  away  with  our  agent  or  direu. 
to  the  office. 

North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co. 

N.  A.  ASSOCIATES  DEPT. 

10  NORTH  CHERRY  ST.,  POUGHKEEPSIE.  N.  Y. 


SWINE 


Dailey  Stock  Farm 

LEXINGTON,  MASS.  TEL.  1085. 

Top  Quality  Pigs 

4-5  WEEKS,  $7.00  EACH;  6-7  WEEKS,  $7.25  EACH; 
8  WEEKS  EXTRAS,  $7.75  EACH. 

SHIPPED  C.O.D. 


Buy  Your  Pigs  Where  Quality  Prevails. 

We  are  now  prepared  to  supply  choice  stock  BERK¬ 
SHIRE  AND  CHESTER  crossed,  or  YORKSHIRE  AND 
CHESTER  crossed — 6-7  wks.  old  $6.50,  8  wks.  old  $6.75. 
A  few  Chester  Whites,  $7.00.  Will  ship  C.O.D.  Satis¬ 
faction  guaranteed.  A.  M.  LUX  FARM,  Woburn,  Mas*. 


/ 


A 


(348)  IS 


Ai  .erican  Agriculturist,  June  6,  1942 


—Photo  Courtesy 
Burpee  Can  Sealer  Company. 


G&H4U4U2,  9*t 

\\  ARTIME 


fey,  Qn&ce  WcMzinA  <Ji*AcJze>tt 


Peel  if  necessary  and  can  whole  or  in 
halves,  quarters  or  slices.  Berries  are 
washed  gently  in  running  water  or  put 
in  a  strainer  and  dipped  up  and  down 
in  cold  water.  Peaches  and  tomatoes 
may  be  scalded  and  peeled.  Tomatoes 
are  packed  whole  or  cut  up  and  press¬ 
ed  down  in  the  jar  in  order  to  get  juice 
to  fill  it.  For  tomato  juice,  the  toma¬ 
toes  are  crushed,  simmered  until  soft, 
pressed  through  fine  sieve,  re-heated  to 
simmering,  poured  into  hot  jars  and 
processed  5  minutes.  Allow  1  teaspoon 
salt  per  quart  of  juice. 

The  following  table  indicates  pro¬ 
cessing  time  for  pints  of  fruit,  cold- 
packed  and  processed  by  the  boiling 
water  bath  method: 


applesauce.. 

.15 

min. 

grapes  . 

.20 

min. 

apples  . 

.15 

if 

peaches  . ., 

.25 

♦  » 

apricots  .... 

.20 

»» 

tomato  juice 

5 

ft 

berries  . 

.18 

99 

pears  . 

.20 

99 

cherries  . 

.25 

ft 

plums  . 

.20 

ft 

fruit  juices 

20 

ft 

rhubarb  . 

.20 

99 

currants  .... 

.20 

f  i 

tomatoes  ... 

.35 

99 

gooseberries  20 

ft 

The  pressure  cooker  method  is  ad¬ 
vised  for  non-acid  vegetables: 


green  beans 
asparagus 
lima  beans 
broccoli 
cream  corn 


whole  kernel  corn 

greens 

peas 

pumpkin 

succotash 


TO  PREPARE  VEGETABLES 
FOR  CANNING 

Use  only  absolutely  fresh  vegetables 
immediately  after  picking.  Two  hours 
from  garden  to  can  is  a  good  rule. 
The  young,  slightly  immature  vege¬ 
tables  are  preferable  to  fully  mature 


For  all  non-acid  vegetables  the  pressure  canner  is  recommended  for  processing. 
Due  to  the  war,  cookers  now  are  of  steel  rather  than  of  aluminum.  Either  tin  cans 

or  glass  jars  may  be  used  as  containers. 


SUGAR  FOR  HOME  CANNING 


As  we  go  to  press,  it  is  announced  that  the  government  has 
increased  the  allowance  of  sugar  for  home  canning.  Home  can- 
ners  are  now  entitled  to  1  pound  of  sugar  for  every  four  quarts 
of  canned  fruit,  and  an  additional  pound  of  sugar  for  each 
member  of  the  family  for  the  making  of  jams,  jellies,  preserves 
and  fruit  butters. 

Application  for  a  supply  of  sugar  for  home  canning  should 
be  made  to  your  local  ration  board.  Applicants  will  be  re¬ 
quired  to  fill  out  a  special  form,  giving  names  of  all  persons  in 
the  family,  the  numbers  of  their  ration  books,  number  of  quarts 
of  fruit  packed  last  year,  the  amount  of  fruit  now  in  their  pos¬ 
session,  and  the  number  of  quarts  they  intend  to  can. 


BESIDES  the  worthy  aim  of  fill¬ 
ing  the  family  stomach,  this 
year’s  canning  takes  on  other 
equally  valuable  considerations: 

1.  Keep  food  values,  vitamins  par¬ 
ticularly,  in  the  canned  foods. 

2.  Give  the  family  a  varied  diet  and 
at  the  same  time  conserve  all  surplus 
foods,  fruits,  vegetables  and  meats. 

3.  Save  national  resources  by  saving 
food  dollars. 

SUGARLESS  CANNING 

Canning  with  little  or  no  sugar  is 
quite  possible;  fruits  will  keep  but 
most  of  them  require  sweetening  of 
some  kind,  either  when  canning  or 
when  taking  the  fruit  from  the  jars. 
Other  sweetening  materials  can  be  used 
when  available  to  make  canning  syrup. 
Honey,  maple  syrup,  corn  syrup  or 
molasses  have  been  used  successfully, 
although  they  do  not  give  exactly  the 
same  result  as  does  granulated  sugar. 

One  could  do  a  little  experimenting 
with  fresh  fruit  sauce  and  see  how  the 
family  takes  to  it.  Combine  y2  cup 
granulated  sugar  and  a  half  cup  of 
other  sweetener,  instead  of  each  cup 
of  granulated  sugar  called  for  by  the 
original  recipe.  The  real  national 
problem  now  is  to  save  sugar,  and  this 
necessity  should  be  regarded  as  a  real 
opportunity  for  doing  ourselves  a  good 
turn  nutritionally.  As  a  nation  we  eat 
far  more  sugar  than  is  good  for  us; 
the  dentists,  nutritionists,  the  doctors 
all  tell  us  so. 

However,  if  you  have  sweetening 
available  at  canning  time,  the  sweeter 
fruits  and  berries  require*  medium  or 
thin  syrup,  the  acid  ones  medium  or 
thick  syrup.  Canning  syrups  are :  Very 
thin — 1  cup  sugar  to  4  cups  liquid; 
thin — 1  cup  sugar  to  3  cups  liquid; 
medium^-l  cup  sugar  to  2  cups  liquid; 
thick — 1  cup  sugar  to  1  cup  liquid.  If 


using  substitutes,  this  would  be  a  sort 
of  guide. 

TO  CAN  FRUITS  AND  BERRIES 

Follow  one  of  the  following  methods : 

1.  Use  boiling  water  nearly  to  fill 
the  jars,  instead  of  sugar  and  water 
syrup  which  you  used  in  the  past  to 
cover  the  packed  fruit.  Process  in  hot 
water  bath  as  usual. 

2.  Can  fruits  in  their  own  juices. 
Under-ripe  apples,  gooseberries,  blue¬ 
berries,  raspberries,  and  other  berries, 
sweet  varieties  of  plums  and  cherries 
may  be  packed  into  the  jars,  no  liquid 
added,  then  processed  in  hot  water 
bath  as  usual. 

3.  Pack  prepared  fruits  or  berries  in 
jars;  fill  jar  with  strained  juice  made 
by  cooking  broken  and  very  ripe  fruit 
with  little  or  no  water  added.  Process 
in  hot  water  bath  as  usual.  This  util¬ 
izes  all  the  fruit  besides  giving  a  rich, 
full-flavored  product. 

4.  The  open  kettle  method:  cook 
fruit  until  tender  and  juice  is  thick 
enough  for  table  use,  then  pour  hot 
fruit  sauce  into  sterile  jars  and  seal. 
There  is  more  danger  from  molds  and 
spoilage  by  this  method  because  of 
possible  contamination  when  transfer¬ 
ring  from  kettle  to  jar. 

5.  Combine  open  kettle  and  hot 
water  bath  method;  boil  fruit  or  ber¬ 
ries  5  minutes  with  very  little  water 
(sugar  or  syrup  if  you  are  canning 
with  sweetening),  pack  hot,  fill  with 
boiling  juice  and  process  5  minutes  in 
hot  water  bath.  This  is  especially 
good  for  harder  fruits  such  as  apples, 
peaches,  pears — and  rhubarb. 

GET  EQUIPMENT  READY 

Equipment  is  precious  these  days 
and  should  be  used  wisely.  The  day 
before  canning,  check  over  jars  for 
nicks  or  leaks,  assemble  everything 
needed,  rubbers,  colander,  ladle,  long- 
handled  spoon,  funnels,  processing  ket¬ 
tles  or  pressure  canner.  For  hot  water 


bath,  a  wash  boiler  or  large  pail  or 
kettle  with  a  lid  may  be  used.  A  rack 
is  needed  to  lift  the  jars  off  the  bottom. 
The  bath  should  reach  1  to  2  inches 
above  containers  when  they  are  in 
place  on  the  rack. 

While  processing,  non-vent  screw- 
top  jars  should  be  turned  back  %  of  a 
turn  and  screwed  tight  when  removed 
from  bath;  vacuum-sealed  .jars  may 
be  sealed  completely  before  being 
processed  and  should  not  be  screwed 
at  all  afterwards.  Glass  top  jars 
should  have  the  top  bail  in  position; 
the  side  bail  is  snapped  down  after 
processing. 

The  pressure  cooker  is  recommended 
for  all  non-acid  vegetables.  Before  us¬ 
ing  it,  be  sure  that  it  is  in  order.  Use 
enough  boiling  water  nearly  to  cover 
rack.  Leave  pet  cock  open  for  first  7 
minutes  of  processing.  Close  and  begin 
counting  processing  time  when  pres¬ 
sure  reaches  recommended  number  of 
pounds.  All  ordinary  vegetables  are 
processed  at  10  pounds  pressure,  ex¬ 
cept  sweet  corn,  pumpkin,  squash  or 
succotash  which  require  15  pounds. 

TO  PREPARE  FRUITS  FOR  CANNING 

Use  fully  ripe  fruit,  except  pears 
and  apples.  Can  quickly  after  picking. 


ones.  Allow  1  teaspoon  salt  per  quart 
of  vegetable. 

Beans,  both  string  and  shell,  and 
green  peas  are  prepared,  then  dropped 
into  boiling  salted  water,  kept  boiling 
for  3  minutes,  packed  loosely  while 
hot,  then  covered  with  the  boiling 
liquid.  The  lids  are  adjusted  and  jars 
placed  immediately  in  the  cooker.  It 
is  important  that  no  time  be  lost  at 
this  stage.  Vegetables,  too,  vary  in 
length  of  time  for  processing.  The 
table  on  page  21  is  the  guide  to  follow. 

Asparagus,  after  being  scrubbed  and 
undesirable  parts  cut  away,  is  tied  to¬ 
gether  in  bundles  and  boiled  3  minutes 
in  salted  water  in  a  standing  position; 
then  it  is  tipped  over  and  boiled  a  half 
minute  longer.  Short  pieces  of  aspara¬ 
gus  are  boiled  for  the  usual  3  minutes, 
packed  hot  and  covered  with  boiling 
liquid. 

Baby  beets  are  steamed  or  boiled  un¬ 
til  the  skins  slip  easily,  then  they  are 
skinned,  packed  and  covered  with  boil* 
ing  unsalted  water. 

Broccoli  is  cut  into  1-inch  pieces, 
boiled  for  3  minutes  in  salted  water  to 
cover,  packed  hot  and  covered  with 
boiling  liquid. 

Greens  are  boiled  until  wilted  in 
( Continued  on  Page  21) 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  June  6,  1942 


19  (349) 


EASY  TO  MAKE 

ALTER-NECK  playsuit  and  separ¬ 
ate  skirt  make  PLAY  OUTFIT  No. 
3518.  The  skirt  buttons  over  the  play- 
suit  in  the  wink  of  an  eye,  yet  would 
pair  off  nicely  with  your  pet  blouse. 
Gabardine,  pique,  seersucker,  or  spun 
rayon  suiting-  materials  lend  them¬ 
selves  well  to  this  type  of  garment. 
Pattern  sizes  10  to  20.  Size  16,  2  yards 
35-inch  fabric  for  playsuit;  2y$  yards 
for  skirt. 

Full-skirted  FROCK  No.  2537,  pat¬ 
tern  including  applique  for  a  big,  gay 
flower  at  the  waist,  makes  little  sister 
look  as  fresh  as  a  daisy.  Get  a  sheer, 
dainty,  small-figured  material  or  a 
pretty  pastel  for  making  up  this  sweet 
pattern.  Pattern  sizes  2  to  8.  Size  4, 
iy2  yards  35-inch  fabric,  y2  yard  con¬ 
trasting,  114  yards  ruffling. 

That  all-important,  all-occasion  dress 


is  represented  in  Pattern  2521.  The 
smooth-lying  skirt  and  softly  becoming 
bodice  make  it  rate  very  high.  A  cool 
mesh,  embroidered  marquisette,  sheer 
in  colorful  prints,  spun  rayon,  tissue 
gingham  or  fine  chambray  would  be 
excellent  materials  for  this  design. 
Pattern  sizes  36  to  50.  Size  36,  3% 
yards  35-inch  fabric,  y2  yard  contrast¬ 
ing. 

HEART  POCKET  JUMPER  No.  2586 
fits  into  the  mode  if  worn  with  a  bright 
figured  blouse  or  it  may  be  worn  by 
itself  as  a  cool  sunback.  Pattern  sizes 
10  to  20.  Size  16,  1%  yards  35-inch 
fabric  for  blouse;  2%  yards  for  jumper. 

TO  ORDER:  Wri^e  name,  address, 
pattern  size  and  number  clearly  and 
enclose  15c  in  stamps.  Address  ,  Pat¬ 
tern  Dept.,  American  Agriculturist,  10 
North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 
Add  12c  for  a  copy  of  the  new  Sum¬ 
mer  Fashion  Book. 


MENDING  LESSON  No.  7—  Darning  Stockings 

B y  MILDRED  CARNEY,  Cornell  Clothing  Specialist. 


Cut  off  uneven  and  rough  edges. 
Use  strands  of  darning  cotton  in  keep¬ 
ing  with  texture  and  color  of  the 
article.  It  it  is  too  thick,  it  will  tear 
out  the  thin  part  around  the  darn;  if 
too  thin,  it  will  not  wear.  A  darner 
helps  keep  the  darn  flat. 

Make  the  darn  in  the  shape  of  a 
diamond.  In  this  way  the  longest  warp 
and  filling  threads  are  placed  through 
the  center  of  the  hole  and  the  worn 
part  is  reinforced  an  even  distance 
from  the  hole.  This  distributes  the 
strain.  Begin  at  the  right  far  enough 
from  the  edge  of  the  hole  to  be  sure 
of  reinforcing  the  weakened  material. 
The  stitch  used  for  darning  is  the  run¬ 
ning  stitch.  Pick  up  the  loops  on  the 
stockings  as  you  darn.  Leave  a  loop 
of  the  darning  cotton  at  each  end  to 


allow  for  shrinkage.  Strand  across  the 
hole.  Catch  the  loops  at  the  end  of 
the  hole.  Then  weave  in  the  filling- 
stitches  close  enough  to  fill  in  the 
spaces.  They  do  not  necessarily  need 
to  extend  as  far  from  the  edge  of  the 
hole  as  the  warp. 

Darn  stockings  on  the  right  side  to 
keep  a  smooth  surface  for  the  foot. 
In  mending,  the  stitches  should  always 
catch  the  edges  of  the  hole  or  tear. 

The  finish  should  be  flat  and  smooth 
and  should  not  draw  the  material  out 
of  shape. 

Reinforcing  a  Thin  Place  in  Stockings 

Watch  stockings  and  when  a  thin 
place  appears  reinforce  it  to  prevent  a 
hole.  On  the  wrong  side  of  the  stock¬ 
ing  with  a  fine  needle  and  fine  thread 
make  rows  of  running  stitches  parallel 
to  the  lengthwise  rows  very  close  to¬ 
gether  and  well  beyond  the  worn  place. 
If  the  spot  is  thin,  fill  in  with  cross¬ 
wise  threads,  also. 


MAKE  YOUR  SUGAR 
GO  HALF  AGAIN  TO 
TWICE  AS  FAR 


When  You  Jell  Fruit  Juices  This 


.  .  .  Says  JELLY-CHAMPION  MRS. 
OSCAR  VIK,  who  won  33  firsts  at 
three  1941  Iowa  fairs  for  sweet 
spreads  made  with  Certo — 5  for 
jelly  alone  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair! 


Smart  women  everywhere 
are  doing  it! 

Jelly-maker^,  here’s  a  way  to 
make  your  sugar  go  up  to  twice 
as  far  in  jelly-making,  with  fa¬ 
mous  Certo!  Already  thousands 
of  up-to-the-minute  women  are 
using  this  new  plan  successfully 
-^-and  you  can,  too! 

Easy  as  1-2-3,  this  way  •  •  • 

Simply  substitute  light  corn 
syrup,  such  as  Karo  (Red  Label) , 
for  two  of  the  cups  of  sugar— 
and  no  more— in  any  Certo  rec¬ 
ipe.  Just  think  of  how  much 
farther  your  sugar  will  go ! 


Use  Certo,  the  pectin  choice 
of  jelly  champions! 

But  remember,  this  clever  sugar¬ 
saving  plan  calls  for  the  use  of 
Certo.  For  with  Certo’s  half¬ 
minute  boil  for  jellies,  a  minute 
or  so  for  jams,  all  the  good  ripe 
fruit  with  all  its  lovely  flavor 
and  color  stays  right  in  the  pot 
for  jelly — doesn’t  have  time  to 
boil  away  in  steam! 


For  instance,  in  popular  straw¬ 
berry  jam,  you’d  ordinarily  use 
7  cups  of  sugar— and  get  10 
glasses  of  finished  jam,  simply 
by  using  Certo.  And  now  we  have 
discovered  that  under  this  mar¬ 
velous  Certo  plan  for  saving 
sugar,  you  use  only  5  cups  of 
sugar,  plus  the  2  cups  of  corn 
syrup— and  get  12  glasses  of 
rich,  delicious  jam!  That’s  two- 
thirds  more  glasses  per  cup  of 
precious  sugar.  In  fact,  with  all 
Certo  recipes,  this  plan  makes 
your  sugar  go  half  again  to 
twice  as  far. 


80  tested  Certo  recipes 
on  every  bottle 

So  you’ll  know  how  to  handle 
each  individual  fruit  just  right, 
every  Certo  bottle  brings  you  a 
handy- booklet  that  contains  80 
separate,  tested  jam  and  jelly¬ 
making  recipes.  The  substitu¬ 
tion  of  2  cups  of  light  corn  syrup 
will  work  with  any  one  of  them. 
Just  make  sure 
Certo  is  the  pec¬ 
tin  you  use!  Get 
Certo  at  your 
grocer’s  now. 


THANK  yOU,  *  soW 
HIS  NtW  M  and  mgiNNZRS 
my  ^UGAR,  NUILZ 

JO  SAM  !7!iheNpANTRltS  NITH 

ST0CMcm?m' 

A  Product  of  General  Foods 


(350)  20 


AMERICAN 
AGRICULTURIST 


r  a 


OLD  TIMER  Mr.  E.  L.  Mason, 

known  and  respect¬ 
ed  throughout  the  farm  implement  trade, 
has  resigned  his  position  of  sales  man¬ 
ager  of  tne  LE  ROY  PLOW  COMPANY, 
INC.,  Le  Roy,  N.  Y.,  and  has  retired 
from  active  business.  Mr.  Mason  has 
devoted  fifty-seven  years  of  his  life  to 
the  farm  implement  business.  During 
that  long  period  he  was  associated  with 
only  three  different  companies,  having  in 
April  completed  twenty-five  years  of 
service  with  the  Le  Roy  Plow  Company. 

As  sales  manager  at  Le  Roy  he 
traveled  from  coast  to  coast  and  his 
many  friends  will  recall  his  ready  smile 
and  dry  humor  that  made  him  welcome 
everywhere.  A  gentleman  of  the  old 
school,  he  yet  kept  pace  with  changing 
times  and  conditions  and  now  retires 
with  the  best  wishes  of  all  who  were 
privileged  to  know  him. 


CONSERVE:  Sixteen  pages  of  sug- 

gestions  for  making 
farm  equipment  last  longer  are  available 
from  the  Republic  fence  and  roofing  deal¬ 
ers,  or  you  can  get  this  booklet  by  writ¬ 
ing  direct  to  the  Agricultural  Extension 
Bureau,  REPUBLIC  STEEL  CORPORA¬ 
TION,  Cleveland,  Ohio.  As  never  before, 
everyone,  including  farmers,  must  make 
equipment  last  longer.  You  are  sure  to 
find  a  number  of  suggestions  in  this 
booklet  that  will  not  only  save  you 
money,  but  keep  your  equipment  in  work¬ 
ing  condition. 

PHOSPHORUS:  °f  sPecial  helP t0 

County  Agents 
and  Agricultural  Teachers  is  a  new  book¬ 
let  called  “A  Manual  on  Phosphates,” 
published  by  the  DAVISON  CHEMICAL 
CORPORATION,  Baltimore,  Maryland. 
It  is  a  real  textbook  on  the  use  of  phos¬ 
phorus  to  increase  crop  yields. 


BOUGHT: 


The  NEW  HOLLAND 
MACHINE  COMPANY  of 
New  Holland,  Pa.,  have  purchased  the 
manufacturing  and  selling  rights  for  the 
Stover  limestone  pulverizer,  tractor  saw, 
attachments,  saw  frames,  tank  heaters, 
ensilage  cutters,  and  other  products.  This 
is  the  second  expansion  of  the  Holland 
line  in  the  past  year — the  first  being  the 
purchase  of  rights  from  the  Dellinger 
Manufacturing  Company. 


The  booklet  points  out  that  if  the  life  of 
every  piece  of  rope  could  be  increased 
by  10%,  it  would  be  equal  to  adding  15,000- 
00C  pounds  of  rope  to  our  supply  each 
year. 

RONDS:  a  l  l  i  s-c  h  a  l  m  e  r  s, 

mmmmmKmaammm  Tractor  Division,  Milwau¬ 
kee,  Wisconsin,  is  conducting  a  win-the- 
war  bond  contest  in  cooperation  with  the 
U.  S.  Treasury  Department.  125  prizes  are 
offered.  First  prize  is  a  $1,000  War  Bond, 
plus  an  all-expense  tour  to  the  Allis-Chal- 
mers  factory  in  Milwaukee.  Second  prize 
is  a  $1,000  War  Bond,  third  is  $500  in  War 
Stamps,  and  122  offier  prizes  range  from 
$400  down  to  $10  in  bonds  and  stamps. 

Contestants  will  write  letters  of  100 
words  or  less  on  the  subject  ‘‘Why  Farm¬ 
ers  Should  Buy  War  Bonds.”  Anyone 
living  on  a  farm  is  eligible.  However, 
when  he  enters  he  must  list ‘the  serial 
number  of  a  War  Bond  registered  in  his 
name.  Each  $25  bond  permits  one  entry. 
The  contest  closes  at  midnight,  Septem¬ 
ber  15.  Complete  rules  and  entry  blanks 
are  available  at  Allis-Chalmers  dealers  or 
from  the  head  office  in  Milwaukee. 

NEW  MEMBERS:  At  a  recent 

meeting  of  the 
Board  of  Directors  of  the  NEW  YORK 
FARM  EQUIPMENT  DEALERS’  ASSO¬ 
CIATION,  Harold  Rusho  of  Watertown, 
N.  Y.,  was  elected  director  to  fill  a 
vacancy  on  the  Board.  In  the  past  three 
months,  the  Association  has  gained  191 
dealer  members  and  173  associate  mem¬ 
bers.  Following  are  a  number  of  new 
members  from  the  Empire  State : 

Burton  &  Christie,  Vernon;  C.  J.  Mc- 
Cully,  Manlius;  David  Palmer,  Dundee; 
Red  Creek  Farm  Supply  Co.,  Red  Creek; 
E.  B.  Boulds,  Nicholville;  R.  A.  Van 
Wagner,  Norwich;  H.  H.  Pratt,  Harpurs- 
ville ;  Edward  J.  Dickenson,  Fancher ; 
Margaret  Boehmler,  Port  Jervis;  George 
Stuart,  Lindley;  Thomas  Abbott,  Cha- 
teaugay;  Donald  Coffee,  Schenectady;  H. 
C.  Osterhout  &  Son,  Ravena;  H.  C.  Fuhr- 
man,  New  Baltimore;  H.  M.  Burnett, 
Hudson;  J.  W.  Simons.  Strykersville ; 
Owego  Murray  Co.,  Owego;  Barnes  & 
Wightman,  Avoca ;  D.  E.  Mixter,  Nellis- 
ton;  C.  V.  Pierce  Co.,  Inc.,  Pleasantville ; 
J.  T.  Ryan,  Saranac;  Chellis  Bros., 
Plattsburg. 


ROPE:  The  PLYMOUTH  CORDAGE 
mmhbh  COMPANY,  North  Plymouth, 
Massachusetts,  has  published  a  special 
booklet  called  “Making  Rope  Last  Long¬ 
er.”  As  a  contribution  to  the  defense 
effort,  it  is  being  distributed  without  cost. 


This  is  a  reproduction  of  the  poster  being 
put  out  by  the  National  Dairy  Council  as 
its  contribution  to  June  Dairy  Month.  The 
efforts  by  the  dairy  industry  to  stimulate 
the  consumption  of  dairy  products  during 
June  have  met  with  excellent  results  in 
other  years. 


TRACTORETTES:  The  INTER- 

-  NATIONAL 

HARVESTER  COMPANY,  Chicago,  Illi¬ 
nois,  through  the  cooperation  of  its  deal¬ 
ers,  has  launched  a  nation-wide  program 
to  train  thousands  of  farm  women  and 
farm  girls  to  operate  tractors  and  other 
farm  machines.  To  help  dealers  in  this 
training  program,  the  International  Har¬ 
vester  Company  has  prepared  a  teaching 
manual,  and  will  furnish  slide  films, 
special  pamphlets,  mechanical  diagrams, 
service  booklets,  and  other  material. 
The  course  will  require  ,  a  minimum  of 
eight  lessons  and  may  run  as  high  as 
sixteen. 

R.  R.  «TOR:  In  Peace  times  rai1’ 

roads  have  an  impor¬ 
tant  job  to  do.  In  times  of  national 
emergency  railroads  must  step  up  their 
activities  to  meet  the  situation.  In  1941 
railroads  handled  more  traffic  than  in  the 
busiest  year  during  the  first  World  War, 
more  traffic  than  in  the  boom  year  of; 
1929.  The  ASSOCIATION  OF  AMERI¬ 
CAN  RAILROADS,  Washington,  D.  C.,  is 
confident  that  in  coming  years  railroads 
will  meet  the  demands  put  on  them  with¬ 
out  tie-ups. 

DERTS:  Farm  economists  are  recom- 
mending  that  farmers  get 
their  long-time  debts  on  an  amortized 
basis.  The  term  “amortized”  means  that 
definite  equal  payments  are  made  which, 
in  a  specified  term,  will  pay  up  both  in¬ 
terest  and  principal.  For  details  about 
Land  Bank  financing,  which  is  handled 
on  the  amortization  basis,  write  the  FED¬ 
ERAL  LAND  BANK,  Springfield,  Massa- 
chusetts. 


GLEnnmGf 

Charles  M.  Gardner 


Editor  of  the  National  Grange 
Monthly  and  High  Priest  of  De- 
meter  of  the  National  Grange. 


GRANGE  HALLS  in  several  states 
are  the  scene  of  lively  meetings  of 
farmers  these  days,  as  they  gather  to 
express  vigorous  protests  against  the 
move  to  unionize  the  dairymen,  a  la 
John  L.  Lewis.  In  every  instance  such 
a  meeting  crystalizes  in  the  formation 
of  a  strong  opposition  committee,  and 
in  the  personnel  of  these  committees 
the  names  of  Grange  leaders  in  the  re¬ 
spective  communities  are  conspicuous. 
Moreover,  many  subordinate  and  Po¬ 
mona  Granges  are  discussing  the  same 
question  and  without  exception  adopt 
forceful  resolutions  against  any  farm 
affiliation  with  Lewis  and  his  mine- 

workers’  Union. 

*  *  * 

AT  MENDON,  Massachusetts,  the 
Home  and  Community  Service  Com¬ 
mittee  of  the  Grange  has  just  finished 
fitting  up  a  thoroughly  equipped  first 
aid  room  in  the  town  hall,  in  readiness 
for  Axis  bombers  or  anything  else  (de¬ 
structive  that  comes  along  where  im¬ 
mediate  aid  will  be  needed.  Several 
cots  have  been  provided  and  all  neces¬ 
sary  first  aid  equipment,  with  a  com¬ 
petent  corps  of  qualified  workers. 

*  *  * 

PROBABLY  THE  OLDEST  Grange 
member  in  New  England  at  the  pres¬ 
ent  time  is  Mrs.  Sylvia  Ann  Tibbets, 
affiliated  with  Salem  Grange,  No.  166, 
in  New  London  county,  Connecticut, 
who  has  just  celebrated  her  100th 
birthday.  She  still  enjoys  good  health, 
occasionally  attends  Grange  meetings. 
*  *  * 

WEBSTER  GRANGE,  just  outside  the 
city  of  Rochester,  New  York,  recent¬ 
ly  celebrated  its  62nd  anniversary,  with 
a  gala  event  starting  with  a  six  o’clock 
dinner  and  followed  by  a  regular  meet¬ 
ing  and  choice  anniversary  program. 
Webster  Grange  has  two  noteworthy 
distinctions:  (1)  That  it  is  the  largest 
subordinate  Grange  in  the  world,  with 
a  membership  exceeding  1,000;  and  (2) 
That  one  of  its  charter  members,  Mrs. 
Mary  A.  Spencer,  is  still  living  and 
quite  active  in  Grange  affairs.  She  is 
in  her  93rd  year,  but  was  on  hand  at 
the  anniversary  occasion  and  was  pre¬ 
sented  with  a  beautiful  bouquet. 

*  *  * 

ANOTHER  BEAUTIFUL  Grange  hall 
has  been  added  to  the  list  in  Rhode 
Island  by  the  dedication  of  the  new 
heme  of  Rocky  Hill  Grange,  which  lost 
its  previous  hall  by  a  mysterious  fire 
two  years  ago.  The  new  home  is  much 
more  attractive  and  far  better  equipped 
than  its  predecessor  and  easily  ranks 
as  one  of  the  best  in  New  England. 

H* 

TWO  NEW  GRANGES  have  been  added 
to  the  roll  in  Massachusetts.  These 
new  subordinates  are  located  at  Little¬ 
ton  in  Middlesex  county  and  at  Lynn- 
field  in  Essex  county,  and  each  has  a 
very  promising  start. 

*  *  * 

THE  RECENT  announcement  that 
Governor  and  Mrs.  Sumner  Sewall 
of  Maine  had  become  members  of  Bath 
Grange,  is  followed  by  the  pleasing 
news  that  both  have  become  members 
of  Sagadahoc  Pomona,  No.  9,  at  the 
last  meeting  ofthat  Pomona  with  En¬ 
terprise  Grange.  Fully  350  Pomona 
members  were  present  to  join  in  a 
hearty  welcome  to  the  chief  executive 
and  his  wife.  Following  the  degree 
Governor  Sewall  made  an  earnest  ad¬ 
dress,  in  which  he  linked  up  the  Grange 
with  numerous  public-spirited  move- 


Ar  .erican  Agriculturist,  ^lune  6,  1942 

ments  in  Maine  of  particular  benefit 
to  agriculture. 

*  *  * 

THE  VETERAN  secretary  of  the  Con¬ 
necticut  State  Grange,  Ard  Welton 
of  Plymouth,  is  slowly  recovering  from 
a  severe  attack  of  pneumonia.  Secre¬ 
tary  Welton  has  passed  the  four-score 
year  mark  in  age  and  enjoys  the  uni¬ 
que  distinction  of  having  attended, 
without  a  break,  52  annual  sessions  of 
the  Connecticut  State  Grange. 

*  *  * 

THREE  NEW  Grange  halls  have  been 
dedicated  in  New  York  recently. 

They  are:  Macomb,  No.  768,  in  St.  Law¬ 
rence  county;  Portland,  No.  2,  in  Chau¬ 
tauqua  county;  and  Cayuta,  No.  1355, 
in  Schuyler  county.  Portland  is  out¬ 
ranked  in  age  in  New  York  only  by 
Fredonia,  No.  1,  likewise  in  Chautau¬ 
qua  County. 

— a.  a. — 

LOOKING  FOR  GOOD 

ONE-ACT  PLAYS? 

American  Agriculturist  has  the  fol¬ 
lowing  amusing,  rural-life  comedies  for 
sale.  All  are  one-act  plays  and  easy 
to  produce.  They  are  bnly  20  cents 
each,  and  are  royalty  free. 

THE  SHAKE-DP,  by  Grace  Smith  Beers. 
A  domineering  mother  has  a  real  change 
of  heart.  A  touching  play,  with  some 
thrills  in  it.  4  women.  Scene,  farm  liv¬ 
ing-room. 

CASH  ON  HAND,  by  Grace  Smith  Beers. 
The  Browns  are  an  easy-going  farm  fami¬ 
ly,  but  they  have  an  exciting  evening 
keeping  track  of  the  $200  which  Mr. 
Brown  got  for  a  cow  he  sold.  2  men,  3 
women.  Scene,  farm  living-room.  Amus¬ 
ing  comedy  with  a  bit  of  mystery. 

OH,  DOCTOR!,  by  M.  F.  Partridge.  A 
meddlesome  old  maid  neighbor  steps  in 
to  take  charge  of  the  Smiths,  with  sur¬ 
prising  results.  Lots  of  laughs  in  this 
one.  3  women,  4  men.  Scene,  farm  living- 
room. 

THE  ELECTRIC  FENCE,  by  M.  F.  Part¬ 
ridge.  Short,  very  funny,  easy  to  produce. 
4  men,  2  women. 

LET’S  GET  ON  WITH  THE  MARRYIN’, 

by  Robt.  Gard.  Hilarious  comedy  about 
a  wedding  that  almost  didn’t  come  off. 
3  women,  4  men. 

RAISIN’  THE  DEVIL,  by  Robt.  Gard. 
A  traveling  preacher  has  a  hard  time 
making  two  converts.  1  woman,  3  men. 
NOTHING  DOING,  by  Grace  Beers. 
About  an  attractive  farm  woman  and  her 
city  suitor.  4  women,  2  men. 

FISHIN’  WEATHER,  by  Samuel  S.  Hale. 
Amusing  comedy  about  city  folks  coming 
to  the  country  looking  for  antiques.  4 
women,  5  men. 

WHO  IS  WELLINGTON?  by  Carrie  Ladd. 
A  new  minister  and  mystery  in  the  par¬ 
sonage.  6  women,  1  man. 

A  DAY  IN  THE  VINEYARD,  by  E.  Irene 
Baker  and  A.  M.  Drummond.  Modern 
folk  comedy,  with  some  simple  songs  and 
music.  8  women,  2  men. 

TO  ORDER  PLAYS:  Send  20  cents 
for  each  play  wanted  (in  coins,  money 
order,  or  check)  to  American  Agricul¬ 
turist,  Play  Dep’t.,  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N. 
Y.  Please  do  not  ask  to  have  plays 
sent  free  for  examination.  All  have 
been  carefully  selected  and  will  be 
found  suitable  for  amateur  groups. 


RECRUITING 

STATION 


‘My  son  forgot  his  fishing  tackle" 


Ar  lerican  Agriculturist,  June  6,  1942 


21  (351) 


AIJNT  JANET’S 
fyavdUe.  PetUfue 

SUGAR  rationing  looms  large 
during  fresh  strawberry  sea¬ 
son  hut  most  fruits  are  delicious 
when  sweetened  with  honey.  You 
need  not  miss  your  strawberry 
shortcake  if  you  sweeten  your 
berries  in  this  way. 

Strawberry  Shortcake 

Stem  and  wash  the  berries. 
Slice  or  crush  slightly.  Five  to 
10  minutes  before  serving,  “honey 
drizzle”  the  fruit,  using  y2  to  1 
teaspoon  less  per  serving  than 
the  usual  amount  of  sugar  used. 
This  will  depend  upon  the  variety 
of  berries  used  and  the  family’s 
sweet  tooth.  Ordinarily  1  cup  of 
sugar  per  quart  of  berries  is 
figured. 

To  drizzle  honey,  pour  warm  < 
honey  from  a  sharp  pointed 
pitcher  or  glass.  Set  the  pitcher 
in  warm  water  —  not  hot  —  for 
about  10  minutes  before  using. 

Other  fresh  fruit,  peaches,  rasp¬ 
berries,  blackberries,  and  sliced 
bananas  may  be  sweetened  in 
this  manner.  Serve  the  fruit  on 
freshly-made,  rich  baking  pow¬ 
der  biscuits  and  serve  with  whip¬ 
ped  or  plain  cream. 

PeSiAxwuil  PnaLUmb 

HOW  I.ATE  IS  LATE? 

( Fourth  Letter  to  Linda ) 

Dear  Lmcile:  Now  that  I’m  sort  of 
launched  on  a  career  of  fun  and  popu¬ 
larity  in  high  school,  a  big  thing  has 
risen  thgt  threatens  my  standing  with 
the  gang,  and  causes  a  lot  of  trouble  at 
my  home.  My  mother  makes  me  be  home 
by  11  o’clock,  and  you  know  the  fun’s 
just  getting  underway  by  then.  The  boy 
I  date  doesn’t  like  to  leave  so  early;  I 
throw  a  wet  blanket  on  the  whole  party 
when  I  have  to  break  away  so  soon  and 
I  feel  like  a  green  little  kid  who  can’t 
be  trusted. 

I’ve  tried  to  argue  with  my  mother, 
but  she  won’t  change.  Cari  you  tell  me 
anything  that  might  help  convince  her 
that  this  is  too  early  to  have  to  come 
home? — Linda. 

The  old,  old  struggle.  It’s  gone  on, 
Linda,  probably  ever  since  there  were 
mothers  and  daughters  .  .  .  and  dates. 
And  while  you  resent  your  mother’s 
stand,  isn’t  it  nice  to  have  someone  so 
interested  in  your  health  and  good 
looks  and  well-being?  Suppose  you 
had  a  mother  who  didn’t  care  where 
you  went,  who  you  went  with,  or  how 
late  you  stayed. 

Now  .  .  .  that’s  the  sermon  for  to¬ 
day.  We’ll  get  down  to  facts.  Yes,  I 
agree  that  11:00  o’clock  is  rather  early 
to  have  to  be  home,  except  on  school 
nights.  Does  your  mother  make  ex¬ 
ception  for  week-ends  ?  I  think  she 
might  move  the  hour  up  till  12  or  even 
12:30  on  Friday  or  Saturday  nights,  if 
she  knew  who  you  were  with,  and  that 
you  were  trustworthy,  which  of  course 
you  are.  But  on  scljool  nights,  I  think 
11:00  is  not  too  early.  Mostly  it’s  jus* 
movies  or  a  concert  at  the  school  or  a 


If  you  have  a  problem,  write  to 
Lucile,  Personal  Problems  Editor, 
American  Agriculturist,  Box  367, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Be  sure  to  sign  your 
name  and  give  your  address,  as  un¬ 
signed  letters  will  not  be  answered. 
Your  name  will  be  kept  entirely 
confidential,  and  if  your  letter  is 
printed  in  these  columns,  your 
identity  will  be  carefully  disguised. 
Please  enclose  a  self-addressed, 
stamped  envelope  if  you  wish  a  per¬ 
sonal  reply  by  mail. 


school  play  or  a  basketball  game,  and 
that  should  be  over  in  time  for  you  to 
get  home,  easily,  by  that  hour.  School 
nights  you  need  your  beauty-sleep,  so 
you’ll  be  clear-headed  the  next  day  to 
cope  with  algebra  and  the  conquests 
of  Caesar,  you  know. 

In  these  days  of  taverns,  and  auto¬ 
mobile  accidents  and  daring  on  the  part 
of  young  people,  I  can  understand  why 
mothers  worry,  but  I  also  think  they 
make  a  mistake  when  they  repose  no 
trust  whatsoever  in  their  daughters. 
If  the  guide  posts  to  good  behavior 
have  been  plainly  marked  along  the 
way,  as  the  girl  grew  up,  she  isn’t  go¬ 
ing  to  sail  right  by  them  into  trouble 
when  she  gets  out  on  her  own. 

Of  course,  I  think  the  matter  of  trust 
or  distrust  between  you  and  your  moth¬ 
er  is  all  straight.  Her  points  are  prob¬ 
ably  those  of  your  good  health.  So, 
try  to  be  understanding,  each  with  the 
other,  and  maybe  you  can  work  a 
compromise:  11:00  occasionally  for 
school  nights;  midnight  or  half-past 
for  week-ends.  Let  me  know  what  you 
arrive  at. — Lncile. 

— a.  a. — 

Don’t  Make  Promises 

Dear  Lucile:  A  boy  that  I  have  gone 
with  for  a  year  is  going  to  the  army. 
He  wants  to  give  me  a  ring.  Before  we 
met  he  had  given  another  girl  a  wedding 
and  engagement  ring.  They  had  their 
license  to  marry.  As  soon  as  he  met  me, 
he  told  this  girl  he  did  not  love  her.  I 
don’t  feel  quite  right  about  her  having 
had  rings  from  him.  Should  I  trust  him, 
or  isn’t  that  any  of  my  affair,  about  the 
other  girl? — Dora. 

Unless  this  young  man  had  some 
good  and  sufficient  reason  for  break¬ 
ing  his  engagement  with  this  other 
girl,  I  don’t  believe  I  would  put  much 
faith  in  him.  If  he  had  gone  so  far 
as  to  get  the  marriage  license  and 
then  quit  her  because  he  met  you,  he 
certainly  is  a  person  of  very  light  af¬ 
fections. 

— a.  a. — 

CANNING  IN  WARTIME 

( Continued  from  Page  18) 
small  quantity  of  salteck  water,  packed 
hot,  not  too  solidly,  cut  crosswise  to 
bottom  of  jars  with  sharp  knife,  cover¬ 
ed  with  boiling  liquid. 

Corn  is  cut  off  the  cob  without  pre¬ 
cooking,  covered  with  boiling  salted 
water  and  brought  to  boiling  point  then 
packed  loosely  to  within  y2  inch  of 
top  of  jar.  Only  pints  should  be  used, 
since  corn  is  a  dense  mass.  Cream 
style  corn  is  first  split  down  each  row 
of  kernels,  then  the  pulp  pressed  out 
with  dull  side  of  knife. 

Pumpkin  or  squash  should  be  steam¬ 
ed  or  baked  until  tender,  removed  from 
shell  and  packed  into  jars;  or  it  may 
be  peeled,  cubed  and  boiled  in  salted 
water  until  tender  and  then  packed  hot 
within  14  inch  of  top. 


PROCESS  VEGETABLES  IN 
PRESSURE  COOKER 

At  10  lbs.  Pressure. 


pints 

quarts 

Asparagus  . 

30  min. 

35  min. 

Beans,  string  and  shell—. 

30  ” 

35  ” 

Green  beans  or  limas . 

50  ” 

55  ” 

Green  peas  . 

45  ” 

Baby  beets  . 

30  ” 

35  ” 

Broccoli  . 

55  ” 

60  ” 

At  15  lbs.  Pressure 

pints 

quarts 

Corn,  kernel  . 

60  min,. 

cream  style  . 

.  75  ” 

Pumpkin  or  squash  - 

60  ” 

75  ” 

Succotash  . 

.  75  ” 

Other  Ways  to  Conserve  Food 

Most  fruits,  shell  beans  and  sweet 
com  lend  themselves  to  drying.  String 
beans  and  sweet  corn  can  be  brined 
satisfactorily.  Root  crops  should  be 
stored.  By  using  these  other  means  of 
saving  foods,  the  jars  and  rubber  sup¬ 
ply  can  be  utilized  for  those  foods 
which  keep  best  only  when  canned. 


00V.1  THESE  CINNAMON  BUNS  ARE 
MARVELOUS,  MARY!  SURE 
WOULD  LIKE  ANOTHER,  y  SILLY.1 

YOU  GO  RIGHT 


what:  never  heard  of  extra  VITAMINS 
IN  BUNS  BEFORE.  WHAT  KIND  OF 
MAGIC  IS  THAT? 


NO  MAGIC  AT  ALL' 
I  JUST  BAKED  THEM 


YES  INDEED,  FLEISCHMANN'S  IS  THE  ONLY 
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your  family  and 

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With  a  Greater  Home  Canning  Program 

The  Burpee  Company  can  supply  canning 
equipment  this  year.  We  can  also  furnish 
replacement  parts,  or  we  can  service 
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Write  for  Special  Service  Offer. 

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for  my  copy  of  Davis  Master 
Pattern  Baking  Formulas. 


State 


(352)  22 


Ai  ierican  Agriculturist,  June  6,  1942 


Not  a  Chance 


of  small  grain,  it  is  important  to  get 
at  the  job  as  early  as  possible  and  to 
keep  at  it  every  day  regardless  of 
weather.  The  big  advantage  of  grass 
silage-  is  that  it  can  be  put  up  on  a 
good  many  days  when  other  haying  is 
impossible. 

After  canvassing  all  the  experts, 
publishing  their  opinions  on  this  page, 
and  hearing  from  a  lot  of  farmers,  we 
have  decided  on  the  following  schedule 
for  making  silage. 

We  will  fill  one  silo  at  Larchmont 
with  weedy  new  seedings  of  ladino 
clover  mixed  with  about  25  per  cent 
wheat  in  the  milk  and  dough  stage.  We 
will  fill  the  other  silo  on  this  farm  with 
good  clean  legume  hay  which  we  are 
going  to  attempt  to  wilt  to  the  point 
where  the  experts  tell  us  good  silage 
can  be  made  without  the  addition  of 
anything  to  the  chopped  up  legume 
hay. 

Son  John  has  drawn  the  assignment 
of  presiding  at  the  cutter  box  for  the 
filling  of  both  of  these  silos,  and,  as 
he  is  just  fresh  from  a  good  Cornell 
Chemistry  course,  we  are  going  to  use 
him  to  try  out  two  or  three  methods  of 
quick  moisture  determination  on  the 
material  which  he  is  to  shove  through 
the  chopper.  Within  the  next  few  weeks 
we  plan  to  show  you  pictures  of  him 
making  some  of  these  tests  and  per¬ 
haps  print  here  on  the  page  some  of 
the  moisture  readings  he  makes  on 


What  all  of  us,  I  am  afraid,  have 
failed  to  realize  is  that  a  war  of  the 
magnitude  of  the  present  one  can¬ 
not  be  waged  except  at  the  expense 
of  the  standard  of  living  of  each 
and  everyone  of  us. 

I  am  thoroughly  in  accord  with 
the  attempts  to  delay  inflation.  I 
believe  that  some  of  it  will  come 
anyway.  I  like  the  democratic  way 
in  which  men  have  been  drafted 
and  sugar  rationed.  I  wish  I  could 
say  as  much  for  gasoline  rationing. 

I  also  realize,  and  I  hope  the  read¬ 
ers  of  this  page  will  realize,  that 
there  is  no  prosperity  in  war  for 
anyone,  farmer,  laboring  man  or 
capitalist.  War  is  a  nasty ,  expen¬ 
sive  business  and  the  sooner  ive 
get  it  over  with ,  the  better. 

—  A.  A. — 

TALL  PASTURES 

Slowly,  and  through  painful  experi¬ 
ence,  I  have  arrived  at  the  conclusion 
that  there  are  two  types  of  pastures 
for  the  Northeast,  both  desirable. 

One  of  these  pastures  I  call  a  “tall” 
pasture.  It  is  the  kind  of  a  pasture 
which  is  seeded  with  ladino  clover  and 
such  tall  grasses  as  orchard  grass, 
timothy,  brome  grass  and  some  of  the 
fescues.  We  have  at  Sunnygables  this 
spring  three  separate  pastures  seeded 
to  such  mixtures.  We  were  able  to  turn 
on  them  the  twenty-fourth  of  April. 

Despite  putting  as  many  ^is  three 
matured  head  to  the  acre,  we  had  to 
clip  those  we  grazed  by  the  middle 
of  May  and  by  the  first  of  June  they 
must  be  clipped  again.  One  of  them 
is  being  allowed  to  grow  a  crop  of 
grass  silage  which  will  be  cut  about 
June  first  and  put  into  the  silo  just  as 
it  comes  from  the  field.  We  do  not  plan 
on  adding  any  dope  whatsoever  because 
we  have  the  feeling  that  there  is 
enough  grass  in  the  clover  to  make 


fresh  cut  hay  and  hay  which  has  been 
wilted  over  various  periods  of  time. 

At  Sunnygables  we  are  going  to  fill 
one  silo  with  what  is  practically 
straight  first-cutting  alfalfa  and  into 
this  silo  we  are  going  to  run  ten  per 
cent  wheat  dust.  Wheat  dust  is  the 
small  particles  of  wheat  kernels  which 
are  chipped  off  in  elevators  when  the 
wheat  is  moved  around.  It  will  cost 
about  1.3  cents  a  pound  at  Ithaca  and 
is  going  to  make  the  filling  of  this  par¬ 
ticular  silo  a  rather  expensive  job. 

We  are  proceeding  on  the  theory  that 
when  the  silo  is  full  of  straight  alf¬ 
alfa  hay  plus  ten  per  cent  wheat  dust, 
which  is  about  the  equivalent  of  mid¬ 
dlings  in  feeding  value,  we  will  have  a 
big  can  of  rich  silage  on  which  all 
kinds  of  stock  will  winter  well  if  it  is 
merely  supplemented  with  a  little  good 
second-cutting  alfalfa. 

RANGE  CLIPPINGS 

A  good  poultry  grass  range  has  to 
be  sweet  and  very  fertile.  Provided 
such  a  range  is  thickly  seeded  with 
wild  white  or  ladino  clover  and  soft 
fine  grasses,  it  will  produce  when 
weather  conditions  are  favorable  at  an 
extremely  heavy  rate. 

In  our  experience  with  such  ranges 


In  the  fall  of  ’40  we  bought  a  pair  of 
four  year  old  sorrel  geldings.  They  have 
grown  ever  since  we  got  them,  and  this 
spring  the  pair  weighed  4040.  This  team 
will  be  used  by  Harold  Howell  this  sum¬ 
mer  to  pick  up  on  our  converted  dump 
trailer  the  yield  of  hay  and  straw  on  200 
acres  of  land.  Much  of  the  hay  acreage 
will  make  at  least  two  cuttings.  Harold 
has  trained  the  team  to  follow  windrows 
while  he  builds  the  load.  Handled  in  this 
way  they  have  it  on  any  tractor  yet  built. 


drums.  These  clippings  were  gathered 
up  as  soon  as  they  were  cut,  and  as 
they  were  packed  into  the  drums  ten 
per  cent  cracked  com  was  mixed  with 
the  clippings  in  one  drum  and  ten  per 
cent  wheat  dust  in  the  other.  Then  the 
drums  were  fitted  with  tight  covers 
which  could  be  forced  down  inside  them 
and  heavy  weights  put  on  the  covers. 

Some  time  in  July  or  August  when 
our  poultry  ranges  are  dry  and  dead 
we  are  going  to  open  up  our  drums  and 
see  if  we  have  any  good  poultry  silage. 
If  we  have,  we’ll  feed  it  right  on  the 
range. 

It  is  especially  important  that  we  do 
have  some  good  silage  for  at  least  one 
bunch  of  chicks  during  the  period 
ranges  are  dormant.  We  are  attempt¬ 
ing  to  raise  this  bunch  of  chicks  on 
nothing  but  sunshine,  grass  range  and 
wheat. 


By  II.  E.  BABCOCK 


it  is  hard  to  keep  them  in  hand  during 
May  and  June  without  constantly  clip¬ 
ping  them.  Then  as  the  temperature 
rises  they  tend  to  go  into  a  dormant 
stage  during  July  and  August,  which 
oftentimes  is  just  when  the  birds  on 
th-  range  are  at  a  stage  when  they 
need  lots  of  grass. 

In  an  endeavor  to  deal  with  this  sit¬ 
uation  in  as  practical  a  manner  as  pos¬ 
sible,  I  have  become  interested  in  sav¬ 
ing  the  clippings  from  our  good  poul¬ 
try  ranges  to  feed  when  the  ranges  are 
not  producing  enough  grass  to  furnish 
the  birds  on  them  with  what  they 
ought  to  have.  This  has  led  me  into  a 
partnership  experiment  with  Johnny 
Huttar  which  we  think  may  have  some 
possibilities. 

We  have  packed  the  first  clippings 
from  what  would  be  the  equivalent  of 
a  good  poultry  range  in  two  steel 


enough  during  May  so  that  the  wild 
white  clover  won’t  be  smothered  out. 

In  addition  to  “tall”  and  “short” 
pastures,  I  also  believe  that  “wild”  or 
natural  pastures  have  a  place  on  a 
farm.  Just  as  cattle  will  turn  to  tim¬ 
othy  hay  and  straw  from  the  best  alf¬ 
alfa  and  silage  so,  according  to  our 
observation,  cattle  will  leave  rich, 
strong  growing,  improved  pastures  to 
graze  on  “wild”  pastures.  Maybe  they 
find  something  in  these  pastures  which 
we  have  not  yet  learned  to  include  in 
our  program  of  pasture  improvement. 

SILO  FILLING  STARTS 

This  year  we  are  beginning  our  silo 
filling  the  last  week  in  May  which  is 
the  earliest  we  have  undertaken  the 
job. 

Were  it  not  for  the  fact  that  we 
use  grass  silage  as  a  means  of  weed 
control,  as  well  as  a  means  of  length¬ 
ening  the  season  of  harvesting  hay, 
we  would  not  begin  quite  so  early. 

In  the  case  of  the  weedy  fields  which 
we  shall  cut  first,  however,  now  that 
we  have  had  some  good  rains  we  are 
almost  sure  of  a  nice  clean  second  cut¬ 
ting  of  alfalfa  and  ladino  clover.  With 
but  three  men  to  fill  the  big  silos, 
several  hay  mows,  and  harvest  60  acres 


THERE  still  persists  among 
many  of  my  friends  the  idea 
that  this  war  is  a  time  when 
they  are  going  to  make  some 
money.  I  am  afraid  that  they  are 
in  for  disillusionment. 

A  Seller’s  Market 

After  long  experience  in  a  buy¬ 
er’s  market,  it  is  but  natural  that 
we  farmers,  now  that  we  have  a 
ready  demand  for  everything  we 
raise,  should  feel  that  better  days 
are  here.  It  is  also  but  natural  that 
laboring  men  who  for  years  worked 
intermittently,  or  even  were  on  re¬ 
lief  should  regard  their  present  sub¬ 
stantial  rates  per  hour  as  an  im¬ 
provement  over  their  former  condi¬ 
tion.  I  even  know  representatives  of 
the  vanishing  race  of  small  capita¬ 
lists  who  think  that  they  are  going 
to  be  able  to  pay  for  their  plants 
if  only  the  war  lasts  long  enough. 


good  silage. 

Because  “tall”  pastures  come  early, 
can  be  grazed  and  clipped,  or  allowed 
to  make  a  crop  of  grass  silage,  we  at 
Sunnygables  are  inclining  to  favor 
them. 

The  other  kind  of  a  pasture  which 
seems  to  fit  in  the  Northeast  is  a 
“short”  pasture  in  which  wild  white 
clover  and  the  blue  grasses  predomi¬ 
nate.  With  us  this  sort  of  a  pasture 
does  not  seem  to  start  quite  as  soon 
as  our  “tall”  pastures  but  once  it  does 
get  under  way  it  puts  out  a  lot  of 
grazing.  It  makes  good  poultry  range 
too. 

i 

In  our  practice  we  are  not  attempt¬ 
ing  to  clip  our  “short”  pastures  but 
rather  have  followed  the  practice  this 
spring  of  concentrating  enough  stock 
on  them  to  graze  them  down.  On  our 
best  “short”  pasture,  it  has  taken  be¬ 
tween  four  and  five  head  of  cattle  to 
the  acre  to  keep  it  grazed  closely 


Kernels,  Screenings 
a*td  Chaff 


Ai  .erican  Agriculturist.  June  6,  1942 


23  (  353) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 

It  is  an  Expense  to  Pay  Taxes  Late 

fey  C \  /J.  fetiatto-n 


INTEREST  and  penalty  charges  on 
delinquent  taxes  make  it  costly  not 
to  pay  your  taxes  when  they  are  due. 
A  calendar  of  tax  payments  and  penal¬ 
ties  for  town  and  county  taxes  in  New 
York  State  looks  like  this.  (Excep¬ 
tions  apply  to  certain  counties)  : 


TOWN  AND 
January  I 
January 
February  I 
April  i 


August  I 
October 

June  (next  year) 
October  (next  year) 


COUNTY  TAX  CALENDAR 
Tax  notices  mailed — taxes  due. 

Pay  taxes  to  collector  at  1%  fee. 
Collector  increases  fee  to  5%.  \ 

Unpaid  taxes  returned  to  county 
treasurer;  5%  flat  penalty  and  10% 
interest  charge  added. 

Unpaid  taxes  advertised  in  news¬ 
paper  (costs  $2  to  $4  pei  property.) 
Properties  sold  at  tax  sale. 
Redemption  advertising  (costs  $2 
to  $4  per  property.) 

20%  penalty  becomes  effective. 


Town  and  county  property  taxes  in 
New  York  are  due  in  January  or  Feb¬ 
ruary.  The  supervisors  in  most  coun¬ 
ties  turn  the  tax  rolls  over  to  the  tax 
collectors  in  December.  The  tax  col¬ 
lectors  then  begin  to  receive  taxes  soon 
after  January  1.  In  a  few  counties, 
however,  the  taxes  are  not  due  until 
February  1. 

Tax  notices  are  required  by  law  to  be 
sent  to  every  property  owner.  Col¬ 
lectors  send  these  notices  as  soon  as 
possible  after  they  receive  the  tax  rolls. 
Any  property  owner  who  fails  to  re¬ 
ceive  a  notice  can  see  his  local  col¬ 
lector  or  the  supervisor  to  make  cer¬ 
tain  that  he  receives  future  notices. 

An  elected  tax  collector  receives  the 
taxes  in  most  rural  New  York  towns. 
Under  the  optional  provisions  of  the 
Town  Law,  however,  about  100  towns 
in  the  State  have  transferred  the  job  of 
receiving  taxes  to  the  town  clerk. 


lars  per  property.  This  cost  must  be 
paid  by  the  owner  if  he  pays  his  taxes 
after  they  have  been  advertised. 

A  tax  sale  is  held  in  the  late  fall 
and  all  properties  on  which  the  taxes 
have  not  been  paid  are  offered  for  sale. 
The  property  is  not  sold  outright  as 
many  people  believe,  but  a  certificate 
or  lien  against  the  property  is  sold. 
Tax  sale  certificates  are  first  liens 
^gainst  property,  and  if  the  tax  is  not 
redeemed  eventually  the  owner  loses 
possession  of  his  property.  The  owner 
still  can  redeem  after  the  certificate 
is  sold;  but  he  must  pay  interest  at  the 
rate  of  10  per  cent  on  the  “tax  sale 
price”  (which  is  the  total  of  the  tax 
plus  interest,  penalties,  and  costs)  from 
the  date  of  the  sale  to  the  time  of  re¬ 
demption. 

Nine  months  after  the  tax  sale,  the 
property  is  advertised  for  redemption 
in  the  newspapers  for  six  successive 
weeks.  This  serves  as  a  public  notice 
that  the  owner  is  delinquent  in  his  tax 
payments.  Another  advertising  charge 
of  two  to  four  dollars  per  parcel  is 
added  to  the  tax.  If  the  taxes  are  paid 
later  than  one  year  after  the  tax  sale, 
a  flat  20  per  cent  interest  charge  is 
made  on  the  tax  sale  price.  Additional 
minor  charges  for  the  tax  deed  and 
costs  may  also  be  added  one  year  after 
the  tax  sale. 

A  property  owner  can  pay  his  taxes 
plus  the  penalties,  interest  and  costs, 
until  the  purchaser  of  the  tax  sale  lien 
takes  action  to  get  possession.  The 
earliest  date  such  action  can  be  taken 
where  property  is  occupied  is  18 
months  after  the  tax  sale. 


Fees  Increase  February  1 

During  the  first  thirty  days  the  tax 
collector  is  entitled  by  law  to  a  one 
per  cent  fee  as  pay  for  his  work.  Af¬ 
ter  the  first  thirty  days  he  can  charge 
a  five  per  cent  fee.  This  fee  is  added 
to  the  amount  of  the  tax.  In  towns 
where  the  town  clerk  collects  the  taxes 
no  fee  is  charged  during  the  first  thir¬ 
ty  days,  but  a  small  penalty  is  usually 
added  after  thirty  days.  The  town 
clerk  does  not  receive  any  fees  for  tax 
collection,  since  he  is  paid  a  straight 
salary. 

Taxes  can  be  paid  to  the  collector, 
or  in  towns  where  there  is  no  collector, 
to  the  town  clerk,  until  April  1.  Many 
counties  extend  this  period  for  the  col¬ 
lector  to  receive  taxes  until  May  1  or 
June  1. 

At  the  end  of  the  collection  period 
the  tax  collector  must  turn  in  a  list  of 
all  unpaid  taxes  to  the  county  treasur¬ 
er.  The  collector  receives  no  fees  on 
these  unpaid  taxes.  A  fiat  five  per 
cent  penalty  is  added  to  the  tax  when 
the  treasurer  receives  the  unpaid  list. 
It  then  becomes  the  county  treasurer’s 
responsibility  to  collect  the  tax. 

Treasurer  Collects  “Returned  Taxes” 

“Returned  taxes,”  that  is  unpaid 
taxes  which  are  turned  over  to  the 
treasurer,  can  be  paid  to  the  county 
treasurer  at  any  time,  but  certain  ad¬ 
ditional  charges  are  made.  First  the 
five  per  cent  flat  penalty  is  added.  In¬ 
terest  at  the  rate  of  10  per  cent  per 
annum,  figured  from  February  1  to  the 
date  of  payment,  is  added  when  the 
taxes  are  paid  to  the  treasurer.  A  few 
counties,  however,  have  taken  action 
to  reduce  the  interest  rate  to  5  or  6 
Per  cent  per  annum. 

After  August  1  all  properties  on 
which  taxes  are  still  unpaid,  must  be 
advertised  in  two  local  newspapers 
once  each  week  for  six  successive 
weeks.  The  cost  of  this  advertising 
varies  usually  from  two  to  four  dol- 


Costs  Pile  Up  Rapidly 

Specific  steps  are  taken  if  taxes  are 
not  paid  to  the  collector.  Penalties,  in¬ 
terest  and  costs  increase  as  the  time 
of  payment  of  the  tax  is  delayed.  A 
tax  of  $100,  which  was  due  January  1, 
1942,  will  cost  about  $118  if  paid  one 
year  late — January  1,  1943 — or  about 
$142  if  paid  two  years  late.  The  cost 
when  the  tax  is  paid  late  is  illustrated 
below: 

IF  PAID  I  YEAR  LATE  IF  PAID  2  YEARS  LATE 
$100  original  tax  $116— tax  sale  price  (Oct.) 

5 — 5%  penally  3 — redemption  advertising 

3 — advertising  cost  23 — 20%  penalty 

10 — interest  <§>  10%  - 

-  $152  (Jan.  1944) 

$118  (Jan.  1943) 

It  is  expensive  to  allow  taxes  to  go 
unpaid.  The  costs  added  if  the  tax 
is  paid  one  year  late  amount  to  18  per 
cent  of  the  tax.  When  paid  two  years 
late  the  added  costs  amount  to  42  per 
cent  or  20  per  cent  per  year.  With 
the  present  low  interest  rates  it  would 
cost  much  less  to  borrow  the  money, 
if  necessary,  and  pay  the  taxes  when 
they  are  due.  Paying  taxes  on  time  is 
both  economical  and  a  good  business 
practice. 

— a.  a. — 

INITIATIVE 

My  little  boy,  who  is  ten  years  old, 
wants  a  Victory  Garden  and  chickens. 
Would  he  need  a  license  to  sell  vegetables 
and  eggs?  He  wants  to  make  money  for 
War  Savings  Stamps  and  Bonds. 

No  state  license  is  required  to  sell 
vegetables  or  poultry  products  which 
are  produced  by  the  person  who  sells 
them.  In  some  cases  villages  and  cities 
have  local  ordinances  relative  to  house- 
to-house  selling.  I  am  sure  if  he  will  see 
the  Village  or  City  Clerk,  your  son 
will  have  no  difficulty. 

—  a.  a. — 

We  would  like  to  know  the  present 
address  of  W.  Delaney.  Formerly,  he 
was  in  business  in  the  Parkway  Nurs¬ 
eries  of  Danbury,  Connecticut. 


Blinded  by  Lights— 

CAR  STRIKES  TREE 


In  this  car  Gordon  Betters,  Oakfield,  N.  Y was  seriously  injured. 
Just  look  at  the  way  that  front  end  is  pushed  up.  It’s  a  wonder 

he  wasn’t  killed. 


Y 

JL  OU  don’t  have  to  be  killed  to  draw  benefits  on  our  low-cost 
Travel  Accident  Policy.  Mr.  Betters  received  $117.14  in  weekly  pay¬ 
ments.  After  receiving  his  check  he  wrote  us  saying: 

“I  was  injured  in  an  auto  accident  and  was  in  the  Batavia  Hos¬ 
pital  11  days,  also  16  days  at  the  Strong  Memorial  Hospital  in 
Rochester.  You  can  imagine  the  amount  of  my  bills  as  I  received  a 
fractured  skull,  two  fractures  of  the  jaw,  and  bad  cuts  and  bruises. 

“My  parents  and  I  thank  you  very  kindly  for  your  prompt  and 
courteous  settlement.  Six  members  of  our  family  are  covered  by 
your  Travel  Accident  Policy  and  we  feel  we  could  not  be  without  it. 
I  truthfully  encourage  any  one  to  inquire  about  your  policy.” 


BENEFITS  RECENTLY  PAID 


Mrs.  Rosa  M.  Mueller.  R.  I,  Sanborn,  N.Y. -$  60.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  head,  ribs  &  chest 

Mrs.  Kathryn  Smith,  Campbell,  N.  Y._' —  58.57 

Auto  accident — sprained  shoulder,  knee 

Leon  Brown.  40  Hess  Ave.,  I  lion .  N.  Y — *  65.00 

Auto  accident — frac.  nose  and  cut  kn^e 

Mrs.  Nettie  Johnson,  Marion,  N.  Y -  67.14 

Auto  accident — dislocated  knee 

William  G.  Ryan,  R.  6,  Auburn,  N.  Y -  17.14 

Auto  accident — bruised  head  and  knee 
Mrs.  Gladys  L.  Wilcox.  Cazenovia,  N.  Y.„  42.86 

Aut-o  accident — bruised  hand  and  back 

Carro  L.  Newcomb.  So.  Byron,  N.  Y. -  130.00 

Auto  accident — frac  skull,  ribs,  femur 

Lu'e  Cook.  R.  2,  LaFayette,  N.  Y - *  16.43 

Sleigh  accident — bruised  hand 

John  Hilliard,  R.  2,  Holcomb,  N.  Y -  40.00 

Auto  accident — frac.  ankle 

Mrs.  Fanny  P.  Reed  Honeoye,  N.  Y - *  65.00 

Auto  accident — frac.  vertebra 
Frederick  R.  Beaucage,  112  Gates  St.,  Pal¬ 
myra.  N.  Y.  _  64.28 

Auto  accident — head  injuries,  cuts 

Bertha  Coveil,  R.  2,  Sherburne.  N.  Y -  50.00 

Auto  accident — cerebral  concussion 

Don  E.  Crossman,  R.  2,  Canton,  N.  Y -  92.86 

Auto  accident — injury  to  ankle 
Ruth  V.  Frantz,  188  E.  Jefferson,  Syracuse, 

N.  Y.  _  68.57 

Struck  by  auto — injuries 

James  R.  Schultz,  Est..  R.  2.  Altamont,  N.Y.  1000.00 

Struck  by  car — mortuary 

John  L.  Bushaw,  Pyrites,  N.  Y _  61.43 

Truck  accident — frac.  hand 
Harold  M.  Casey,  R.  3,  Canton,  N.  Y -  27.14 

Hit  by  auto — bruised  arm  and  shoulder 


Leonard  R.  Pillmore,  Westernvilie,  N.  Y. —  93.75 

Auto  accident — compound  fracture  of  leg 

Mrs.  Rose  Smaldone,  Litttle  Falls,  N.  Y. —  10.00 

Auto  accident — frac.  ribs 

Vera  Cleveland,  R.  2,  Nassau,  N.  Y -  41.43 

Bus  accident — cut  head  and  bruises 

John  Lyszczarz,  R.  I,  Deansboro,  N.  Y -  500.00 

Auto  hit  tree — loss  of  eye 

Abe  Choquette,  Littleton,  N.  H - *  15.00 

Auto  accident — cut  face  and  bruises 
Mrs.  Bessie  Swain,  92  Main  St.,  Exeter, 

N.  H.  _  32.86 

Auto  accident- — sprained  ankle 

Francis  T.  Clarke,  Adams,  Mass -  10.00 

Auto  accident— inj.  head  and  shoulder 

Marvin  N.  Thompson.  Wendell,  Mass -  102.86 

Auto  accident — frac.  fingers  &  amputation 

Russell  Poquette,  Grand  Isle,  Vt _  7.14 

Auto  accident — inj.  shoulder  and  bruises 

Paul  Poquette,  Grand  Isle,  Vt -  22.86 

Auto  accident — cut  face  and  legs 

Wendell  H.  Savery,  Williamstown,  Vt. _  10.00 

Sled  accident — bruised  finger 

Floyd  E.  Stevens,  Paris,  Me _  60.00 

Sled  accident — sprained  shoulder 
Mrs.  Dorothy  Robinson,  R.  3,  Bangor,  Me.  30. 0C 

Auto  accident — bruises 
Phyllis  A.  Wren,  68  Division  St.,  Bangor, 

Me.  _  20.00 

Auto  accident— sprained  ankle 
Truman  D.  Thurston,  R.  I,  Bryant  Pond, 

Me.  _  40.00 

Auto  accident— bruised  chest,  cut  legs 


I.  A.  Rockwell,  R.  3,  Troy,  Pa - *  20.71 

Sled  accident — frac.  ribs 

*  Over-age. 


$720,771.03 

has  been  paid  to  10,224  policyholders 
Keep,  y ansi  Policy  Penewea 


North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co 

Oldest  and  Carpest  Sxrfusive  JCeaftf  vd {Acc’den*  Company  in  America 

N. A. Associates  Department  Poughkeepsie,  n.y 


GEORGE  WASHINGTON 


told  American  Farmers  159  Years  Ago! 


Back  in  1793  America  was  largely  a  nation  of 
farmers.  The  Revolutionary  War  was  almost  over. 
The  country  was  in  bad  shape.  It  couldn’t  pay  or 
feed  its  soldiers.  Congress  argued  and  quarreled 
but  only  passed  resolutions  condemning  dancing 
and  profane  language.  Everybody  was  dissatisfied. 
And  army  officers  tried  to  start  a  dictatorship. 

Alexander  Hamilton  and  Gouverneur  Morris — 
both  brilliant  politicians  and  both  fated  to  play 


important  roles  in  the  establishment  of  a  strong 
American  government — called  a  meeting  of  army 
officers,  intending  to  start  a  dictatorship.  Washing¬ 
ton  headed  them  off.  He  made  a  masterful  speech. 
He  pointed  out  the  dangers  of  dictatorship.  He 
painted  the  benefits  of  cooperation.  Maintain  your 
unity,  he  urged.  Avoid  the  spirit  of  strife.  Keep 
order.  Build  a  strong  central  government.  The 
soldiers  cheered.  The  nation  was  saved. 


The  Same  Advice  is  NEEDED  TODAY! 


Washington’s  words  of  advice  apply  with  equal  strength  to  today’s 
farmers.  Some  are  dissatisfied.  Some  think  the  government  is  slow  in  acting 
to  help  farmers.  But  unity  and  cooperation  will  work  today  as  they  always 
have.  Only  the  spirit  of  strife  is  dangerous.  Only  quarrels  among  ourselves 
will  defeat  us.  Even  those  who  have  advocated  dictatorship  and  change  have 
a  place  in  the  constructive  work  that  has  to  be  done.  Nobody  is  barred.  And 
nobody  denies  the  sincerity  of  those  who  are  dissatisfied.  They  too  can 
build  important  posts  of  high  service  and  honor  in  cooperative  organiza¬ 
tions — just  as  Alexander  Hamilton  and  Gouverneur  Morris  did. 

The  only  important  point  for  all  of  us  to  remember  is  that  cooperation 
did  it  before,  and  cooperation  will  do  it  again.  Let’s  get  together.  Let’s  stick 
together.  Let  no  one  or  no  quarrel  divide  us.  United  we  win  both  our  own 
battles  and  the  battles  of  our  country. 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


American 


SuMxmif  Walk 

AROU1VR  THE  FARM 


fiy  Rom&yet  QeVui, 


FUNDAY  AFTERNOONS  we’re  apt 
to  walk  around  the  place  just  to 
see  how  things  are  making  out  — 
whether  the  young  stock  in  the 
bacK  pasture  have  enough  salt  and  water, 
how  the  oats  are  filling,  if  any  sudden  pesti¬ 
lence  has,  descended  upon  the  potatoes,  or 
threatens  to.  Always  it’s  possible  to  find 
something  to  be  pleased  about,  and  invari¬ 
ably  we  discover  unsuspected  situations  that 
must  be  straightened  out  right  away  or 
there’ll  be  trouble. 

Ours  is  just  a  little  place  —  only  65  acres 
—  but  by  the  time  you’ve  followed  all  the 
fences,  interior  as  well  as  party  line,  you  dis¬ 
cover  that  your  feet  and  legs  aren’t  as  young 
as  they  used  to  be,  and  you’re  glad  enough 
to  sit  down  and  check  up. 

Take  last  Sunday!  Take  the  bad  things 
first!  We’ve  got  woodchucks  again.  The 
farm  crawled  with  them  when  we  moved  on 
in  1936,  but  through  the  combined  efforts  of 
cyanide  gas  and  of  Hurry,  our  Springer 
Spaniel,  who  turned  out  to  be  a  woodchuck 
dog  of  parts,  we  first  reduced  their  number 
and  then  got  rid  of  woodchucks  entirely. 
But  they’re  coming  back;  that  was  obvious 
on  Sunday.  Perhaps  Hurry  is  losing  his  vim. 
Mebbe  we’d  better  get  him  a  youthful  ap¬ 
prentice  to  help  out  with  the  work  while 
learning  the  business. 

Then,  too,  the  hedge  rows  and  the  pastures, 
so  laboriously  cleaned  out  just  a  little  while 
ago,  are  growing  up  again  with  wild  roses 
and  black  caps.  Not  that  we’re  in  any  way 
astonished.  You  may  stop  a  farm  job,  but 
you  never  finish  it.  The  pasture  and  the 
hedge  row  and  the  woodchucks  won’t  stay 
put  any  more  than  will  the  dooryard  grass  in 
a  wet  May.  The  minute  you  finish  pushing 
a  lawn  mower  over  it,  you  might  just  as  well 
go  back  to  where  you  started  and  begin  again. 

There  you  have  the  bad  things  that  we 
discovered  on  our  Sunday  walk  around  a 
farm  knee-deep  in  June.  But  the  good 
things  far  outweighed  them.  The  place  was 
just  bursting  with  fatness  last  Sunday  —  the 
alfalfa  turning  green  again  after  its  first  visit 


to  the  barber  shop,  the  clover  pink  with 
bloom,  the  corn  and  potatoes  clean  and  com¬ 
ing  along  ahead  of  schedule,  the  wheat  heavi¬ 
ly  headed  and  swinging  in  the  breeze  on 
sturdy  straw.  We’d  like  to  tell  you  (and  be¬ 
lieve  ourselves)  that  all  this  came  from  our 
conscientious  stewardship  of  the  little  patch 
of  good  earth  that  is  our  own;  from  good 
tillage  and  a  prodigal  hand  with  lime  and 
barnyard  manure  and  commercial  fertilizer. 
But  we  know  better,  and  the  knowledge 
makes  us  humble.  We’ve  done  before  all 
those  things  which  we  ought  to  have  done, 
and  with  no  such  opulent  results. 

But  this  year  the  rains  came  at  the  right 
time,  and  in  just  the  right  quantities.  That’s 
the  difference  —  just  luck!  But  as  long  as 
a  farmer  must  absorb  the  grief  that  comes  of 
weather  not  of  his  choosing,  it’s  only  fair  to 
let  him  brag  a  little  on  the  rare  occasions 
when  his  good  husbandry  has  been  coupled 
with  propitious  showers  to  turn  his  holding 
—  for  a  week  at  least  —  into  an  explosion 
of  vegetation.  * 

On  Sunday  we  lingered  longest,  perhaps, 
around  the  gardens.  There  wasn’t  much  we 
could  do  this  year  to  change  the  general 
scheme  of  our  farming  to  meet  the  exigencies 
of  war.  We  weren’t  adapted  to  peanuts.  We 
couldn’t  increase  our  stock  without  letting  out 
the  buildings  at  the  seams.  We  were  timid 
of  soybeans.  But  we  doubled  the  size  of 
the  garden  and  knocked  together  an  outdoor 
summer  kitchen  in  which  to  can  fruit  and 
vegetables  in  prodigious  quantities  (for  us) 
and  without  cooking  the  cook. 


A  June  garden  after  a  wet  May  is  a  hand¬ 
some  sight,  and  one  to  linger  over  in  a  Sun¬ 
day  walk  around  the  farm.  Right  now,  in  a 
world  at  war,  it’s  easy  to  see  a  division  of 
fresh,  well-drilled,  smartly-uniformed  troops 
in  the  regiments  of  corn  and  beans  and  peas 
and  cabbages;  in  the  battalions  of  straw¬ 
berries,  tomatoes,  beets  and  onions  stretching 
in  perfect  lines  and  columns  across  a  choco¬ 
late  parade  ground  of  well-cultivated  earth. 

Such  perfection  of  appearance  won’t  last 
long,  we  know,  once  the  efficiency  of  prep¬ 
aration  is  tested  in  the  crucible  of  combat. 
By  August  the  garden  will  look  dry  and 
weedy  and  yellow  and  full  of  gaps.  And  so 
will  the  division.  But  that’s  when  both  will 
have  achieved  the  peak  of  their  effectiveness, 
if  all  goes  well.  Nobody  knows  where  the 
division  will  be  or  what  it  will  be  doing,  but 
it’s  reasonable  to  suppose  that  the  battered 
ranks  of  the  garden  will  be  shooting  tomatoes 
and  onions  and  green  peppers  into  the  out¬ 
door  summer  kitchen  with  a  persistence  that 
can  scarcely  be  coped  with  by  any  number 
of  tight-lipped  women  battling  bravely  with 
stone  crocks  and  glass  (Turn  to  Page  17) 


IN  THIS  ISSUE  BABY  ™OSE  T|RES,  Pase  3;  A  LETTER  TO  DRAFT  BOARDS,  Page  4;  FARMERS  CARRYING  FIGHT 

"■  . — > — -  TO  LEWIS,  Page  6;  RAT  SABOTEURS,  Page  9;  KNOTTER  TROUBLES,  Page  13;  SUMMER  POULTRY 

PROBLEMS,  Page  14;  BREAD  MAKING  LESSON,  Page  18;  GRASS  SILAGE,  Page  22. 


I  0  N  E 


19  4  2 


2  0 , 


The  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative 
is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


Back  to 

*  ~ 

Nature 

Nature’s  own  Sunshine  and 
Grass  give  pullets  vitamins 
that  save  on  feed 


Green  grass,  sunshine,  and  a  chance  to  stretch 
their  legs — all  help  pullets  to  grow  strong  and 
healthy.  If  the  grass  is  thick  and  tender,  the 
pullets  will  eat  less  mash  and  you  can  feed  them 
a  less  expensive  mash. 

Savings  on  Feed.  When  the  growing  birds  can 
get  some  of  their  vitamins  from  sunshine  and 
grass,  there  is  no  need  to  pay  good  money  for  the 
same  vitamins  in  the  mash.  On  good  grass  range, 
you  can  safely  feed  G.L.F.  Green  Pasture  Grow¬ 
ing  Mash  at  a  saving  of  several  dollars  a  ton. 

Your  G.L.F.  can,  of  course,  supply  a  mash 
which  furnishes  plenty  of  all  the  vitamins-  and 
nutrients  growing  pullets  need — G.L.F.  Starting 
&  Growing  Mash.  But  birds  on  good  grass  will 
do  just  as  well  on  the  less  expensive  Green 
Pasture  Growing  Mash. 

Keep  Grass  Clipped.  Chickens  don’t  like  tall 
grass.  It’s  hard  for  them  to  eat,  it  isn’t  as  tender, 
and  it  just  isn’t  very  good  feed.  Keep  it  clipped  to 
about  four  inches  high.  The  clippings  make  good 
cow  feed.  Or  you  can  leave  them  right  in  the  field 
for  the  chickens  to  pick  at. 

A  special  poultry  pasture  is  best,  but  any 
pasture  that  is  kept  trimmed  will  give  the  pullets 
some  feed.  However,  you  can’t  expect  real  savings 
on  mash  consumption  unless  there  is  a  dense, 
tender,  leafy  growth. 

Range  Suggestions.  The  pullets  like  to  spend  a 
good  share  of  the  day  near  the  range  shelter 


where  they  can  get  into  the  shade  when  the  sun 
gets  hot.  To  get  them  out  into  the  grass,  some 
poultrymen  put  the  feed  and  water  a  little  dis¬ 
tance  from  the  shelter. 

If  the  shelters  are  portable,  it’s  a  good  idea  to 
move  them  once  or  twice  during  the  season. 

Try  not  to  run  chickens  on  the  same  range  two 
years  in  a  row.  Disease  is  often  spread  this  way. 

When  the  pullets  begin  to  comb  up,  start  feed¬ 
ing  them  some  extra  calcium  to  get  ready  to 
make  egg  shells.  Either  G.L.F.  Shellmaker  or 
oyster  shells  will  do  exactly  the  same  job.  Shell- 
maker  costs  about  $3.00  a  ton  less. 

G.L.F.  Green  Pasture  Growing  Mash  may  be  fed 
right  up  to  the  time  the  pullets  go  into  laying  quar¬ 
ters.  Then  they  should  be  changed  over  gradually 
to  one  of  the  G.L.F.  laying  mashes. 


Patrons’  Retail  Costs  on  G.L.F.  Canned  Foods 


For  the  third  year  G.L.F.  patrons  can  save  money  by  buying  their 
canned  foods  through  their  G.L.F.  Service  Agency  on  an  Advance 
Order  basis.  The  following  quotations  are  your  maximum  costs  on 
Advance  Orders  placed  by  August  1.  Your  Service  Agency  is  now 
taking  patrons’  orders. 


Cut  Green  Beans,  24 /#2  jars . 3.45 

Cut  Green  Beans,  24/#2  cans . 3.15 

Cut  Wax  Beans,  24/#2  jars . 3.45 

Cut  Wax  Beans,  24/#2  cans . 3.15 

Green  Lima  Beans,  24 / #2  cans.  .  .  .4.05 
Green  &  White  Limas,  24/#2  cans. 3. 30 

Cut  Beets,  24/#2  jars . 2.75 

Cut  Beets,  24/#2  cans . 2.45 

Diced  Beets,  24/#2  jars . 2.75 

Diced  Beets,  24/#2  cans . 2.45 

Shoestring  Beets,  24/#2  jars . 2.80 

Shoestring  Beets,  24/#2  cans . 2,50 

Sliced  Beets,  24/#2  jars . 2.85 

Sliced  Beets,  24 /#2  cans . 2.55 

Whole  Beets,  24,/#2  jars . 3.35 

Whole  Beets,  24/#2  cans . 3.05 

Diced  Carrots,  24/#2  jars . 2.80 

Shoestring  Carrots,  24/#2  jars.  .  .  .2.90 

Sliced  Carrots,  24/#2  jars . 2.80 

Cream  Style  Corn,  24/#2  cans.  .  .  .2.90 


Whole  Kernel  Corn,  24/#2  cans.  .  .2.90 
Tender  Sweet  Peas,  24/#2  jars.  . .  .3.35 


Tender  Sweet  Peas,  24  /#2  cans .  . .  3.05 

Pumpkin,  24/jf2J^  cans . 2.70 

Sauerkraut,  24/jf2j4  cans . 2.85 

Spinach,  24 /#2  cans . Open 

Succotash,  24/#2  cans . Open 

Tomatoes,  12/#2j^  jars . 2.25 

Tomatoes,  24/#2)4  cans . 3.65 

Applesauce,  24 /#2  cans . 2.65 

Cherries  in  Syrup,  24 /#2  jars . Open 

Cherries  in  Syrup,  24 /#2  cans.  .  .  .Open 
Cherries  in  Water,  24  #2  jars.  .  r.  .Open 
Peaches  in  Syrup,  24 /#2L£  cans.  .  .5.55 
Pears  in  Syrup,  24/'fr23-4  cans.  .  .  .  .5.60 
Black  Raspberries,  24/ #2  jars.  .  .  .Open 
Columbian  Raspberries,  24  / #2  j ars  Open 

Red  Raspberries,  24  /#2  j  ars . Open 

Apple  Juice,  24/20-oz . 2.45 

Apple  Juice,  12/46-oz . 2.55 

Tomato  Juice,  24/20-oz . 2.25 

Tomato  Juice,  24/24-oz . 2.35 

Tomato  Juice,  12/46-oz . .  . . .  .2.40 

Ketchup,  24/14-oz . 3.20 


Cooperative  G.L.F.  Exchange,  Inc.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


THE  FARM  FRONT 


'£ 


Highlights  from  G.L.F. ’s 
Weekly  Radio  Report 


WINTER  GRAIN  FOR  Grain  harvest 
ALCOHOL  AND  RUBBER  wheat  growing 

areas  of  the  Midwest  is  about  to  begin,  and 
it  looks  like  another  bumper  crop. 

A  lot  of  this  grain  will  be  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  alcohol.  Making  alcohol 
out  of  grain  is  not  just  a  way  of  using  up 
a  crop  surplus.  Alcohol  is  not  only  one  of 
the  principal  ingredients  in  smokeless 
powder,  but  it  can  also  be  converted  into 
butadiene,  which  is  the  basis  of  one  type 
of  synthetic  rubber.  Two  hundred  million 
gallons  of  alcohol,  produced  largely  from 
grain,  will  go  into  butadiene  next  year. 

Every  time  we  hear  the  word  “syn¬ 
thetic  rubber’’  we  naturally  begin  to 
wonder  whether  that  means  that  tires  for 
our  cars  are  just  around  the  corner.  They 
aren’t.  All  the  natural  rubber,  reclaimed 
rubber,  and  synthetic  rubber  produced, 
planned,  or  even  contemplated,  will  just 
barely  be  enough  to  take  care  of  absolutely 
essential  war  requirements  for  at  least 
the  next  two  years. 

★  ★  ★ 


PLANS  FOR  SAVING  To  save  gasoline, 

TRANSPORTATION  “  wS  “d 

tear  on  trucks,  which  perhaps  cannot  be 
A  replaced  for  two  years  or  more,  the  Office 
of  Defense  Transportation  has  ordered  all 
truck  operators  to  cut  their  mileage  in 
certain  specific  ways.  Beginning  July  first, 
truckers  in  over-the-road  operation  must 
carry  loads  both  ways  on  every  trip. 
Trucks  used  in  making  retail  deliveries 
may  not  make  more  than  one  delivery  a 
day  to  any  one  person.  They  may  make 
no  special  deliveries. 

In  many  communities  great  strides  have 
been  made  in  cutting  down  delivery  mile¬ 
age.  Some  G.L.F.  Service  Agencies  have 
scheduled  regular  delivery  routes  on  cer¬ 
tain  days  of  the  week  to  different  com¬ 
munities  within  their  trading  area.  In  some 
localities,  milk  deliveries  are  being  made 
every  other  day,  instead  of  daily; 


*  ★  ★ 


ARMY'S  NEED  FOR  M  etal — particu- 

STEEL  INCREASES  k’F  “thcL/T 

mous  appetites  of  our  war  production 
plants,  continues  to  be  one  of  the  urgent 
problems  facing  the  nation.  The  farm 
scrap  program  brought  in  great  quantities 
of  steel  and  other  metals.  A  tremendous 
tonnage  has  been  collected  from  auto 
graveyards. 

The  collection  of  old  wrecks  you  saw 
last  month  is  not  the  same  as  the  collec¬ 
tion  which  is  there  today.  The  cars  come 
in — usable  parts  are  stripped  off — a  reason¬ 
able  number  of  cars  are  assembled,  and 
then  they  are  shipped  on  to  be  converted 
into  scrap.  In  April,  350  thousand  tons  of 
metal  were  taken  in  from  auto  graveyards. 

Yet,  more  and  more  steel  is  needed;  a,nd 
as  the  need  grows,  the  War  Production 
Board  is  forced  to  cut  down  more  and 
more  on  the  amount  of  steel  that  can  be 
made  available  for  civilian  use.  A  cut  in 
the  steel  available  for  farm  machinery 
now  appears  certain.  Look  for  rationing  of 
farm  machinery  in  1943; 


*The  Farm  Front  Today 


Every  MONDAY  on  these  Stations 


Watertown  WATN 
Rochester  WHAM 
Syracuse  WSYR 
Troy  WTItY 

Bridgeton  W  SN  J 
Newburgh  WGNY 
Scranton  WGBI 
Buffalo  WBEN 


12:05  P.M. 
7:12  A.M. 
12:35  P.M. 
12:15  P.M. 
12:30  P.M. 
1:05  P.M. 
7:00  A.M. 
12:50  P.M. 


Also  G.L.F.  newscasts  over  Station 
WHCU,  Ithaca,  Dial  870,  every  day 
at  7:00  A.M.;  7:50  A.M.;  12:00 
Noon;  7 :30  P.M. 


f 


i 


American  Agriculturist,  June  20,  1912 


3  (357) 


YOU**  YOUR 


FARM  - 


tfo  WA 


J 


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Baby  Those  Tires 

TOO  MANY  of  us  are  shutting  our 
eyes  and  ears  and  refusing  to  wor¬ 
ry  about  rubber.  We  say:  “Yankee  in¬ 
genuity  will  figure  out  a  substitute.” 
“The  Southwest  can  grow  the  Guayule 
bush,  and  we  will  make  our  own  rub¬ 
ber.”  “There  is  a  lot  of  rubber  in 
Brazil.” 

If  you  have  listened  to  and  believed 
such  wishful  thinking,  forget  it.  Let’s 
look  the  facts  in  the  face  and  act  ac¬ 
cordingly. 

In  1940,  before  rearmament  really 
started,  this  country  used  638,000  tons 
of  rubber.  Most  of  it  came  from  the 
West  Indies,  now  under  Jap  control. 
This  year’s  requirements  for  arma¬ 
ments  are  approaching  astronomical 
figures,  and  they  will  be  larger  next 
year.  Most  of  you  may  as  well  face 
the  fact  that  there  will  be  no  new  tires 
for  your  car  or  truck  until  the  war  is 
over. 

What  about  the  Guayule  plant?  It 
may  give  us  28,000  tons  of  rubber  this 
year,  but  there  aren’t  enough  seeds  in 
the  world  to  plant  the  Guayule  acre¬ 
age  that  would  meet  our  needs.  Acre¬ 
age  will  be  increased,  and  in  three  or 
four  years  it  may  give  us  production 
worth  talking  about. 

What  about  Brazil  ?  Rubber  trees 
there  are  not  in  plantations.  They  are 
in  a  roadless  wilderness.  We  may  be 
able  to  import  as  much  as  41,000  tons 
this  year;  maybe  more  next. 

What  about  synthetic  rubber?  This 
country  may  manufacture  28,000  tons 
this  year.  By  1943  this  may  be  stepped 
up  to  350,000  toi$s,  most  -of  which  will 
go  to  the  Army. 

The  outlook  is  discouraging?  Sure 
it  is,  but  there  is  another,  and  very 
important,  rubber  supply  —  the  tires 
that  are  on  your  cars  and  trucks  right 
now.  It  was  figured  on  April  15  that 
the  average  tire  now  in  use  would  give 
about  9,000  miles  of  service.  You  may 
be  lucky  enough  to  have  better  than 
average  tires,  or  yours  may  be  right 
on  the  verge  of  “blowing”.  The  import¬ 
ant  thing  is  that  proper  care  can  and 
must  increase  that  9,000  miles  to 
14,000.  The  only  other  means  of  in¬ 
creasing  the  life  of  your  tires  is  to  do 
less  driving.  Double  up  with  neighbors, 
both  in  necessary  travel  and  in  hauling 
produce  and  farm  supplies. 

Those  are  the  possibilities.  The  alter¬ 
native  is  to  use  your  tires  now  and 
walk  later.  You  may  even  say,  “All 
right,  when  I  have  to  do  it,  I  will  walk, 
but  not  now.”  The  problem  isn’t  that 
simple.  Rubber  tires  are  essential.  They 
must  take  workers  to  munition  fac¬ 
tories  and  food  to  consumers.  Rail¬ 
roads  and  buses  cannot  handle  this 
traffic,  and  there  is  neither  time  nor 
material  to  build  them  up.  Tires  must 
be  conserved. 

You  may  know  all  the  answers  to 
questions  about  saving  tires,  but  no 
tire  miles  will  be  saved  unless  you  ap¬ 
ply  them.  So  let’s  review  the  rules 
and  check  to  see  where  we  are  slipping. 

HEAT  —  About  one-half  the  annual 
wear  on  a  tire  comes  in  hot  weather 
between  June  15  and  September  15. 
Tires  wear  out  twice  as  fast  when  the 
temperature  is  90°  F.  as  at  60°,  and 
five  times  as  fast  at  100°  as  they  do 
at  40°.  What  can  you  do?  Keep  your 
driving  to  a  minimum  in  hot  weather 
and  drive  slowly. 

SPEED — At  60  miles  an  hour,  a  tire 
will  give  about  half  the  mileage  that 


it  will  if  driven  at  40. 

Speed  and  heat  are  the  two  tire 
wreckers.  Speed,  when  it  is  hot,  and 
particularly  when  the  road  is  rough, 
wears  off  miles  at  an  astonishing  rate. 

AIR — Too  much  air;  too  little  air  — - 
both  are  bad.  Twenty  per  cent  too  lit¬ 
tle  air  cuts  fifteen  per  cent  off  the 
tire’s  usefulness.  Thirty  per  cent  too 
little  air  will  cut  its  life  just  a  quarter. 
The  only  place  over-inflation  is  excus¬ 
able  is  when  a  truck  is  overloaded. 
Even  then,  it  is  not  the  right  remedy. 
The  cure  is  to  avoid  overloading.  A 
tire  habitually  run  with  a  twenty  per 
cent  overload  will  give  you  just  seventy 
per  cent  of  its  normal  mileage.  A  forty 
per  cent  overload  robs  you  of  forty- 
nine  per  cent  of  the  mileage  that  was 
built  into  the  tire. 

What  Can  Be  Done? 

PRESSURE — Check  tire  pressure  once 
a  week;  use  valve  caps  unless  tubes 
are  especially  designed  to  be  used 
without  them;  be  sure  the  pressure 
gauge  is  accurate  (check  it). 

WHEEL  ALIGNMENT  —  A  wheel  out 
of  alignment  drags  a  tire  sideways. 
That  is  bad.  Have  the  wheel  alignment 
checked  every  six  months;  immediate¬ 
ly,  if  your  car  has  been  in  an  accident, 
or  if  any  tires  show  irregular  wear. 
Having  tires  inspected  frequently  will 
show  tread  cuts  that  may  be  vulcaniz¬ 
ed  before  serious  damage  is  done. 
Blow-out  patches  are  bad.  The  fabric 
of  the  tire  is  chafed  and  soon  ruined. 

BRAKES  —  Except  jn  an  emergency, 
there  is  no  sense  in  jamming  on  your 
brakes  and  stopping  on  a  dime.  It  is 
bad  for  tires,  and  it  wastes  gas.  Take 
your  foot  off  the  accelerator  a  second 
earlier  and  go  easy  on  the  brakes. 

Those  are  the  most  important  things 
to  remember  and  to  put  into  practice, 
but  if  you  are  still  skeptical  about  the 
truth  of  some  of  these  statements, 
read  the  booklet  “America’s  Trucks — 
Keep  ’em  Rolling.”  The  Office  of  De¬ 
fense  Transportation  is  writing  it,  and 
if  you  are  a  truck  owner,  your  mail¬ 
man  will  bring  you  a  copy  about  the 
first  of  July. 

—a.  a. — 

REGISTRATION  AGAIN 

June  30  is  the  date  set  for  the  fifth 
Draft  Registration  for  young  men  18 
to  20  years  old.  It  is  estimated  that 
600,000  of  the  3,100,000  who  will 
register  will  be  20  years  old  and  there¬ 
fore  eligible  for  immediate  military 
service.  At  present,  men  18  and  19 
are  exempt  from  compulsory  military 
service,  but  Congress  may  act  to  re¬ 
move  this  restriction. 

—  A.  A.  — 

BOMB  WOODCHUCKS 

Add  woodchucks  to  the  group  of 
Fifth  Columnists  that  need  discourag¬ 
ing.  One  of  the  easiest  ways  is  by  use 
of  woodchuck  bombs,  available  at  low 
cost  at  County  Farm  Bureau  offices. 
These  bombs  cannot  be  sent  through 
the  mail,  but  can  be  picked  up  at  the 
Farm  Bureau  office. 

The  procedure  is  to  close  all  but  one 
outlet  to  the  woodchuck  burrow,  and 
then  to  touch  a  match  to  the  fuse,  put 
the  borpb  in  the  hole,  and  cover  the 
hole  with  solid  dirt. 

Bombs  do  not  explode.  They  merely 
give  off  a  gas  which  takes  care  of  the 
woodchucks. 


news!  milder  smokes 

TASTE  RICHER! 


DOES  IT! 


■  IS  PRINCE  ALBERT 
EASy  ON  THE  TONGUE  ? 

ITS  THE  COOLEST,  SMOOTHEST, 
YET  TASTIEST  SMOKE 
A  MAN  EVER  PUTIN  HIS 
FAVORITE 

k  pipe/  dSBlilHi 


R.  J.  Reynolds  Tobacco  Co.,  Winston-Salem.  N.  C. 


In  recent  laboratory  “smoking 
bowl”  tests,  Prince  Albert  burned 


pipefuls  of  fra- 


bacco  in  ev- 


DEGREES 

COOLER 


pocket  can 


of  Prince 


than  the  average  of  the  30  other 
of  the  largest -selling  brands 
tested. ..coolest  of  all! 


THE  NATIONAL  JOY  SMOKE 


Buy  War  Savings  Bonds  and  Stamps 


(858)  4- 


American  Agriculturist,  June  20,  1942 


Til  It 


PAGE 


B  V  E .  R.  E  A  S  T/AA  N 


Address  all  mail  for  Editorial  or  Advertis¬ 
ing  departments  to  American  Agriculturist, 
Savings  Bank  Building.  Ithaca.  New  York 


BY  FIRE  A  YD  SWORD 

HE  JUNE  11  morning  papers  carried  the 
announcement  from  a  German  radio  that 
the  Nazis  had  wiped  out  the  Czech  village  of 
Lidice  with  a  population  of  1,200.  All  of  the 
men  in  the  village  wer&-shot.  The  women  were 
put  in  concentration  camps  and  the  children  in 
institutions.  Then  the  village  was  razed. 

All  of  this  was  in  revenge  for  the  shooting  of 
Hitler’s  hangman,  Reinhard  Heydrich.  It  was 
suspected,  but  never  proved,  that  the  men  who 
killed  Heydrich  had  been  harbored  in  Lidice. 

In  addition  to  this,  the  Germans  have  shot 
306  other  innocent  people  to  date  in  revenge  for 
the  assassination  of  Heydrich. 

Nothing  in  all  the  history  of  modern  civiliza¬ 
tion  equals  these  German  massacres  and  atroci¬ 
ties.  We  still  condemn  our  American  Indians 
for  massacres  like  the  one  at  Cherry  Valley  dur¬ 
ing  the  Revolution.  Yet  these  Indians  were 
savages,  and  they  had  been  deprived  of  their 
lands,  while  the  contrary  is  true  with  the  Ger¬ 
mans,  for  they  are  the  aggressors  against  the 
Czechs  and  the  other  conquered  countries. 

This  horrible  situation,  beyond  even  the 
imagination  of  decent  people,  emphasizes  again 
what  has  been  said  in  these  columns  before,  chat 
“Those  who  live  by  'the  sword  must  die  by  it.” 
German  boys  are  being  raised  on  the  belief  that 
“Might  makes  Right.”  They  must  learn  the 
hard  way  how  wrong  is  that  philosophy. 

The  .victory  of  the  first  World  War  was  nulli¬ 
fied  because  foolish,  soft-headed,  unwise  people 
would  not  permit  the  Allies  to  carry  the  war 
into  Germany  itself.  This  time  we  must  not 
make  the  same  mistake.  There  can  be  no  safe¬ 
ty,  no  permanent  peace  for  our  children  or  their 
children’s  children  until  the  hellish  Nazi  doc¬ 
trine  has  been  trampled  out  in  Germany  itself 
by  fire  and  the  sword. 

AN  OPEN  LETTER  TO 
MEMBERS  OF  DRAFT  BOARDS 

HIS  LETTER,  Gentlemen,  is  in  no  sense 
a  criticism  of  the  patriotic  work  you  are 
doing.  With  other  citizens,  I  recognize  how 
hard  your  job  is.  We  know  you  have  quotas 
which  you  are  ordered  to  fill,  and  that  you  can¬ 
not  make  many  deferments  and  still  meet  those 
quotas.  We  know  also  that  you  are  doing  your 
difficult  job  well  indeed. 

But  in  the  interests  of  America  itself  I  want 
to  bring  to  your  attention  some  fundamental 
facts  about  the  Farm  Front,  for  there  is  no 
doubt  that  there  is  more  than  one  Front  in  this 
war,  and  that  the  Farm  Front  is  highly  im¬ 
portant. 

We  know  that  food,  or  the  lack  of  it,  will  win 
or  lose  the  war.  Bataan  finally  fell  to  our 
enemies  not  from  any  lack  of  bravery  on  the 
part  of  our  soldiers,  but  because  we  could  no 
longer  get  food  to  them.  We  know  that  the 
United  States  government,  recognizing  the  neces¬ 
sity  of  food,  has  asked  American  farmers  to 
step  up  their  production  of  almost  all  food  sup¬ 
plies,  in  some  cases  as  much  as  25  per  cent 
more  than  was  produced  last  year.  And  farm¬ 
ers,  yielding  to  no  one  in  their  patriotism,  will 
do  their  best  to  meet  this  demand. 

But  farmers  cannot  do  the  impossible.  There 
are  only  six  million  farmers  in  these  United 
States.  On  their  shoulders  rests  the  responsi¬ 
bility  of  producing  food  for  our  own  one  hun¬ 
dred  and  thirty  million  people,  plus  food  for 
all  our  allies.  To  do  this  stupendous  job,  farm¬ 


ers  have  less  help  than  ever  before  in  the  his¬ 
tory  of  agriculture.  On  May  1,  there  were 
26,000  fewer  hired  men  on  farms  in  the  United 
States  than  a  year  ago.  The  supply  of  farm 
labor  in  New  York  and  in  nearby  states  is  only 
about  53  per  cent  of  normal.  Monthly  wages 
have  increased  from  30  to  35  per  cent  in  just 
one  year. 

Government  agencies  are  doing  what  they 
can  to  supply  substitute  farm  labor.  But  any 
farmer  will  tell  you,  with  considerable  emphasis, 
that  farming  is  a  skilled  occupation,  requiring 
years  of  education  and  practice,  and  that  un¬ 
skilled  farm  labor  is  of  little  value. 

To  meet  their  difficult  situation  farmers  have 
tried  to  buy  more  farm  machinery.  But  here 
again  priorities  interfered. 

In  a  farm  county  in  New  York  State  this 
spring,  a  county  without  a  city  in  it,  a  thousand 
boys  left  for  the  Army  in  one  contingent.  Hun¬ 
dreds  of  pathetic  letters  have  been  received  by 
American  Agriculturist  from  middle-aged  and 
old  men  trying  to  carry  on  the  farm  work  with¬ 
out  their  sons  or  hired  men.  Besides  being 
pathetic,  these  letters  indicate  a  dangerous 
situation,  for  should  we  get  a  series  of  bad  crop 
years  the  shortage  of  food  resulting  from  the 
combination  of  circumstances  might  well  be  dis¬ 
astrous  to  America  and  to  our  allies. 

We  recognize,  as  some  draft  boards  have 
pointed  out  to  us,  that  more  farm  boys  are 
volunteering  than  are  being  drafted.  That’s  the 
reason  why  authorities  ought  to  make  it  plain 
to  young  farmers  that  they  are  doing  their  duty 
by  staying  on  the  farm  to  produce  food.  That’s 
the  reason  why  American  Agriculturist  has  or¬ 
ganized  the  American  Farm  Front,  to  help  con¬ 
vince  patriotic  young  men  skilled  in  farm  jobs 
that  they  had  better  think  the  matter  over  care¬ 
fully  before  enlisting. 

In  view  of  these  facts,  therefore,  Gentlemen, 
I  respectfully  suggest  that  extreme  care  be  taken 
by  all  Selective  Service  officials  not  only  to  de¬ 
fer  essential  farm  workers,  but  to  cooperate  with 
the  rest  of  us  to  make  these  young  men  feel  the 
importance  of  the  Farm  Front. 

Sincerely  yours, 

E.  R.  EASTMAN, 
President  and  Editor. 

MARK  GRAVES 

HE  PASSING  of  my  friend,  Mark  Qraves, 
for  many  years  Tax  Commissioner  for  the 
State  of  New  York,  brings  grief  and  a  deep 
sense  of  loss  to  all  of  us  who  knew  him. 

Mark’s  job  as  Tax  Commissioner  was  a  par¬ 
ticularly  difficult  one,  but  in  this  and  in  other 
positions  which  he  held  as  he  climbed  the  ladder 
of  success,  he  won  the  respect  and  affection  of 
everyone  by  his  ability  and  his  understanding  of 
and  sympathy  with  people. 

I  was  particularly  saddened  by  Mark’s  death, 
because  he  was  not  privileged  to  live  to  carry 
out  a  dream  which  he  had  had  for  many  years. 
That  dream  was  to  return  after  retirement  to 
the  scenes  of  his  boyhood  in  Allegany  County, 
New  York,  and  there  relive  the  experiences  of 
his  youth.  It  was  only  a  year  ago  that  he 
wrote  me : 

“You  are  fortunate  in  having  a  country  place  near 
at  hand.  I  have  reached  the  conclusion  that  just 
having  a  place  in  the  country  near  Albany  would 
not  interest  me.  For  the  old  place  in  Allegany,  I 
have  a  sentimental  interest  —  the  old  home  where 
I  once  lived  and  all  the  memories  it  brings  back; 
and  then  just  a  few  rods  away,  the  old  schoolhouse 
where  I  went  to  school  until  I  was  fourteen  and  in 


Pn&yesi  jp*  g*i  Old  QciSide+teA. 

By  Cecil  Roberts. 

Lord  God  of  Gardens,  if  you  please, 

Allow  old  Reuben  Pace  his  ease: 

The  lawns  are  swept,  the  apples  stored, 

New  beds  are  made;  but  one,  O  Lord, 

He  wishes  for  himself  to  keep 
And  lie  there  in  unbroken  sleep. 

For  ninety  years  he’s  risen  early 
To  tend  the  things  he  loved  so  dearly. 

Spring,  Summer,  Autumn,  Winter  never 
Escaped  an  eye  and  hand  so  clever 
With  plants  there  in  the  potting  shed: 

But  now  he  wants  to  lie  abed. 

“I’m  tired,”  he  said,  “and  plants  keep  growing, 
And  proper  gardeners  must  keep  hoeing: 

My  back  aches  awful,  my  poor  old  knees 
Give  way  beneath  me.”  So,  Lord,  please 
Allow  old  Reuben  Pace  to  sleep, 

Blind  to  the  weeds  that  o’er  him  creep. 


which  I  later  taught  for  two  years. 

“There  is  no  place  like  the  country  for  relaxation 
and  rest,  and  I  am  happy  that  you  are  so  fortun¬ 
ately  situated.  Somehow  the  hectic  lives  we  have 
to  live  when  we  are  on  duty  seem  more  remote  when 
we  get  away  from  it  all  and  rest  in  the  country. 
I  know  that  is  mj^  case.  Things  that  would  seem 
tremendously  important  if  I  were  on  duty,  seem 
quite  remote  and  of  very  much  less  significance.” 

There  is  a  lesson  in  Mark’s  experience  for  all 
of  us,  and  that  is  to  get  all  of  the  happiness  out 
of  life  that  we  can  from  day  to  day.  It  is  all 
right  to  make  plans  as  if  we  were  to  live  for¬ 
ever,  if  we  remember  to  live  all  we  can  as  we 
go  along. 

PIGS  IS  PIGS! 

N  ORDER  to  help  beat  the  H.  C.  of  L.  we 
are  growing  four  pigs  this  summer.  It  took 
only  about  one  day’s  acquaintance  with  them  to 
recall  their  mean  tricks  which  I  knew  so  well  as 
a  boy.  Father,  when  trying  to  get  swill  into  a 
trough  without  letting  a  bunch  of  hungry  pigs 
make  him  spill  it  around,  used  to  say,  “A  hog 
is  a  hog!” 

The  fact  is,  pigs  are  so  darn  mean  that  they 
are  interesting.  Our  whole  family  goes  out  to 
watch  them  while  they  hog  down  their  food. 
Pigs  are  smart,  too,  in  a  mean  sort  of  a  way. 
One  of  ours  will  eat  till  he  can  hold  no  more, 
then  stretch  out  in  front  of  the  trough  so  as  to 
keep  the  others  from  it.  Another  loves  to  get 
into  the  trough  and  lie  down  in  it  so  as  to  keep 
the  others  out. 

But,  boy,  how  they  grow!  I  have  them  on 
pasture,  supplemented  with  a  little  fresh  alfalfa 
which  I  cut  for  them  every  day  or  so,  and  they 
get  a  well  balanced  hog  growing  ration. 

There  was  a  time,  when  skim  milk  was  avail¬ 
able,  that  hogs  were  to  be  found  on  every  east¬ 
ern  farm.  After  farmers  began  to  ship  fluid 
milk,  most  eastern  farmers  seemed  to  think 
that  hogs  couldn’t  be  raised  without  milk.  But 
of  course  hogs  raised  in  the  West  never  see  any 
milk.  They  do  get  good  pasture. 

Eastman’s  Chestnut 

Curry  Weatherby:  “Gee,  I  miss  the  old 
cuspidor  since  it’s  gone!” 

Winifred:  “You  missed  it  before.  That’s 
why  it’s  gone!” 


AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  Constructive  and  Progressive  Since  184 2.  Volume  139.  No.  T\3.  Published  every  other  Saturday  at  10  North  Cherry  St..  Poughkeepsie.  N.  T.— Editorial  and 

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American  Agriculturist,  June  20,  1942 


B  (359) 


CHAPTER  XL. 

THE  FIRST  BABY 

Y  DEAR,  I  think  you  will 
agree  with  me  that  there  are 
three  times  in  the  lives  of 
most  of  us,  thatN  stand  out 
above  all  others  in  importance  and  in 
happiness.  The  first  is  the  graduation 
from  high  school  or  college  and  the 
securing  of  the  first  important  job. 
The  second  is  when  a  boy  and  girl, 
head  over  heels  in  love,  finally  unite  in 
marriage,  that  greatest  of  all  coopera¬ 
tive  enterprises.  And  the  third  is  the 
arrival  of  the  first  baby. 

You  and  I  both  knew,  of  course,  that 
happy  Autumn  day  back  in  the  Horse 
and  Buggy  Days  when  we  started  in 
to  college  at  Keuka,  that  you  would 
not  be  able  to  continue  there  the  whole 
year,  but  we  were  determined  to  be 
together  as  long  as  we  could,  and  most 
young  people  have  a  good  habit  of  not 
crossing  their  bridges  until  they  come 
to  them.  But  the  time  finally  came 
when  you  told  me  that  it  would  be 
necessary  for  you  to  go  back  to  your 
father  and  mother,  and  await  the  great 
event.  I  had  to  stay  on  in  college. 

That  parting,  our  first  one,  was  a 
sad  one.  I  was  homesick  and  lone¬ 
some.  But  what  had  to  be  had  to  be, 
so  after  you  had  gone  I  went  on  with 
my  work  as  best  I  could.  A  great  help 
to  me  during  that  lonesome  period  was 
an  older  student  by  the  name  of  Boyd 
Blatchley  —  “Blatch”  to  his  friends. 
After  you  had  gene,  he  moved  into  the 
same  room  with  me,  and  we  formed 
then  a  friendship  which  lasted  until 
Blatch’s  untimely  death  in  an  automo¬ 
bile  accident  in  1940. 

Following  graduation,  Blatch  became 
one  of  the  first  high  school  teachers  of 


be  any  more.  What  injustice!  Fath¬ 
ers  really  do  suffer  when  the  babies 
come.  Believe  me,  I  know! 

All  of  our  babies  except  the  last 
one  were  born  in  the  home,  and  in 
many  respects  it  seems  to  me  that 
home  is  the  place  for  sick  folks.  The 
hospitals  are  sanitary  and  efficient,  but 
the  hard-boiled,  hurried  atmosphere  of 
most  of  them,  coupled  with  all  the  dis¬ 
turbing  noises  of  sick  and  suffering 
people  often  offset  the  advantages. 
Give  me  the  friendly  family  doctor, 
whose  kindly  cheerful  presence  is  often 
worth  more  than  his  pills.  I  recall 
the  prescription  of  a  famous  baby  doc¬ 
tor  for  a  baby  that  wasn’t  coming 
along  very  well:  “This  baby  is  to  be 
loved  every  three  hours.”  No  time  for 
that  in  hospitals. 

Handicapped  by  lack  of  money,  it 
was  all  we  could  do  to~ pay  the  doctor. 
We  couldn’t  hire  a  nurse,  and  it  was  up 
to  me  to  be  chief  cook,  bottle  washer, 
and  nurse  until  you  got  well.  Remem¬ 
ber  how  I  used  to  shut  up  that  little 
living  room  airtight,  get  the  old  stove 
blazing  red  hot,  and  then  give  the 
baby  a  bath?  I  was  deathly  afraid  he 
would  catch  cold,  but  it’s  a  wonder 
either  of  us  survived  the  ordeal.  When 
I  got  through,  the  baby  was  worn  out. 
So  was  I! 

One  thing  I  am  sure  of,  however.  Ex¬ 
perience  with  that  boy  and  with  the 
later  ones  make  me  confident  that  I 
could  still  put  a  diaper  on  a  baby  to 
beat  half  the  young  mothers. 

Well,  you  got  back  on  your  feet 
again,  and  there  was  no  excuse  for  my 
staying  away  from  college  longer.  So 
back  I  went  to  Keuka,  but  I  was  in 
trouble.  I  had  to  quit  college!  My 
smart  partner  who  is  writing  these 
tales  with  me  will  immediately  claim 


that  I  was  expelled — but  such  was  not 
the  case.  I  had  nothing  left  to  use  for 
money.  The  arrival  of  the  baby  had 
taken  almost  the  last  cent.  I  had  to 
get  a  job — and  quickly.  So  I  wrote  to 
my  old  friend,  J.  S.  Kingsley,  the 
school  principal  in  my  home  town  to 
whom  I  have  paid  tribute  in  these 
pages  before,  and  told  him  that  I  must 
go  back  to  teaching.  It  so  happened 
that  the  vice-principal  in  this  old 
friend’s  school  was  sick,  and  I  received 
a  telegram  telling  me  to  report  im¬ 
mediately  to  my  home  town  high 
school  to  begin  teaching  as  vice¬ 
principal.  Two  momentous  events  in 
a  young  fellow’s  life  in  one  year — the 
birth  of  a  baby  and  the  securing  of 
what  seemed  then  a  big  job!  But  it 
did  mean  leaving  college  before  I  had 
graduated.  It  didn’t  take  me  long  to 
pack  up,  rejoin  you  and  our  young  son, 
and  return  to  my  home  town.  I  left 
Keuka  on  a  Friday,  and  on  Monday 
morning  I  walked  into  my  old  high 
school,  not  as  a  student  but  as  its  vice¬ 
principal. 

Do  you  remember  our  first  boarding 
place,  with  the  young  doctor  and  his 
wife  and  their  son?  Remember  that 
long  flight  of  steps  up  and  down  which 
we  used  to  push  the  baby  carriage? 
When  I  look  at  our  eldest  son  now, 
with  children  of  his  own,  I  often  re¬ 
member  how  he  used  to  squawl,  how 
night  after  night  I’d  walk  the  floor 
with  him,  and  between  spells  try  to 
keep  ahead  of  my  classes  in  the  high 
school.  I  think,  my  dear,  that  that 
was  the  most  difficult  year  of  all  my 
life.  I  certainly  would  never  advise  a 
young  man  or  woman  to  preach  or  to 
teach  in  their  own  town,  particularly 
when,  as  was  in  the  case  with  me, 
there  are  students  still  in  school  who 
were  there  when  he  or  she  was  a  stu¬ 
dent. 

Another  thing  that  made  the  diffi¬ 
culty  greater  was  that  my  predecessor 
had  been  taken  ill  in  the  middle  of 
the  term.  I  had  to  take  up  his  classes 
where  he  had  left  off,  and  it  was  years 
since  I  had  studied  some  of  those 
subjects.  That  meant  burning  the 
midnight  oil.  The  boys  and  girls  were 
good.  Some  of  them  couldn’t  get  over 
their  old  habit  of  calling  me  by  my 
first  name,  and  some  of  them  natur¬ 
ally  wanted  to  try  out  my  discipline. 
But  I  waded  through,  and  most  of  my 


agriculture.  He  went  from  teaching 
into  county  agent  work  in  Tompkins 
County,  New  York,  where  he  used  to 
amuse  and  worry  his  friends  by  oc¬ 
casionally  running  his  car  off  the  steep 
cliffs  of  the  Ithaca  country.  Blatch 
was  best  known  in  his  long  years  of 
service  to  farmers  of  New  York  in  the 
employ  of  the  G.L.F.  He  was  a  big  fel¬ 
low,  slow  of  movement,  slow  of  speech, 
but  when  he  said  something  it  counted, 
and  he  had  a  heart  even  bigger  than 
he  was.  In  the  more  than  thirty  years 
that  he  and  I  were  close  friends,  I 
never  knew  Blatch  to  do  a  mean  thing. 
I  never  knew  him  to  have  an  enemy, 
and  everyone  who  knew  him  respected 
and  loved  him.  v 

The  weeks  at  Keuka  rolled  along 
slowly  without  you,  dear,  and  with¬ 
out  very  many  letters  from  you.  You 
know  you  never  would  write  letters. 
But  finally  I  did  get  one  from  you  say¬ 
ing  that  I  had  better  come  right  home. 
I  made  the  long  trip  with  great  an¬ 
ticipation  mixed  with  worry,  arriving 
in  time  to  be  present  at  another  ar¬ 
rival,  that  of  my  oldest  son.  Boy!  was 
that  a  great  time.  Never  can  I  forget 
that  night,  while  I  waited  for  that  boy 
to  come.  That’s  where  I  got  my  first 
three  gray  hairs.  I  paced  the  village 
streets  or  just  sat  and  waited  dismally 
by  the  old  sitting  room  stove.  Your 
business-like  aunt,  bustling  in  and  out 
of  the  bedroom,  was  not  very  sym¬ 
pathetic  with  my  suffering.  She  claim¬ 
ed  you  were  having  all  the  grief,  and 
then  rubbed  it  in  by  saying  that  if  men 
had  to  have  the  babies  there  wouldn’t 


ItSong  of  the  Lazy 


IF  I  CAN  get  my  mortgage 
paid  and  get  some  extra 
money  made,  I’ll  show  the 
folks  that  I’m  still  spry,  I’ll 
go  right  out  and  learn  to  fly. 
My  neighbor’d  be  inclined  to 
scold,  but  that’s  because  he’s 
gittin’  old;  Mirandy’s  used 
to  me,  by  jing,  so  I  don’t 
think  she’d  say  a  thing  if  I 
neglect  my  stock  and  grain 
and  spend  my  time  up  in  a 
plane.  The  county’s  agent’s 
fav’rite  plea  is  that  more 
acres  ought  to  be  doctored 
up  with  a  load  of  lime  and 
kept  in  grass  most  all  the 
time,  so  I  will  keep  one  patch 
cut  short  and  use  it  for  my 
own  airport. 

Then  when  the  weather 
gets  so  hot  that  even  my 
poor  neighbor’s  got  to  sit 
down  in  the  cooling  shade, 
I’ll  find  my  weather  ready¬ 
made  by  takin’  off  and  climb¬ 
in’  high  up  in  the  air-condi¬ 
tioned  sky.  I’ll  soar  around 
away  up  there  a  long  way 
from  all  fret  and  care;  while 
neighbor  cleans  his  chicken 
coop,  then  I  will  do  a  ldop-the-loop.  Instead  of  workin’  up  a  sweat  and 
reachin’  down  my  neck  to  get  the  barley  beards  from  off  my  skin,  I’ll  put 
my  ship  into  a  spin  and  then  a  barrel-roll  or  two  so  I  can  get  a  better 
view  of  neighbor  ’way  down  on  the  earth  a-sweatin’  there  for  all  he’s 
worth.  Whenever  the  familiar  scene  of  corn  and  oats  and  wheat  and 
beans  gets  tiresome  I  will  pack  up  my  old  fishin’  pole  and  then  I’ll  fly  up 
where  the  big  fish  lurk  and  no  one  bothers  about  work. 


The  Amateur  Poet’s 
Corner 


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MIRACLE 

Seeing  the  utter  loveliness 
Of  Spring, 

I  wonder  why  we  fear 
What  Life  may  bring? 

When  earth  wears  garments 
Of  a  varied  hue, 

Why  do  we  ever  doubt 
What  God  can  do? 

Of  all  our  problems, 

Never  one  so  big 
As  growing-  leaves  from  out 
A  bare  brown  twig. 

— Mrs.  R.  C.  Spratford, 

Cranbury,  New  Jersey. 

students  passed  their  Regents  examina¬ 
tions.  That  I  succeeded  at  all  was  due 
in  large  part  to  the  wisdom  of  the 
principal,  my  friend  and  counsellor, 
J.  S.  Kingsley,  who  stayed  away  from 
my  classrooms,  never  interfering.  But 
I  knew  that  he  was  always  there,  his 
great  wisdom  and  experience  always  to 
be  relied  upon. 

It  was  in  that  little  village,  my  dear, 
you  will  remember  that  we  bought  our 
first  home,  another  momentous  event 
in  any  young  couple’s  life.  Of  course, 
we  didn’t  pay  cash  for  it,  and  we  were 
only  able  to  buy  it  at  all  through  the 
sympathetic  understanding  and  back¬ 
ing  of  an  old  doctor  friend,  who  en¬ 
couraged  and  helped  us  to  acquire  our 
first  real  estate.  It  was  a  little  house. 
We  paid  only  $750  for  it,  but  to  us  it 
was  home — and  a  palace. 

It  was  to  that  little  home  that  our 
second  baby  came — another  milestone. 
It  was  there  that  he  died,  consecrating 
the  home  as  a  million  other  homes 
have  been  consecrated  with  the  joys 
and  sorrows  of  the  human  race. 

It  was  to  that  little  home  also  that 
Father  came  to  visit  us  from  the  old 
farm  over  the  hill  in  the  other  valley. 
That  was  an  event  too,  for  it  took  al¬ 
most  an  earthquake  to  get  Dad  away 
from  home.  But  he  had  a  good  time 
with  us.  He  loved  the  babies.  Re¬ 
member  how  he  used  to  put  a  blanket 
on  the  grass  in  the  yard,  put  the  baby 
in  the  middle  of  the  blanket,  and  then 
get  down  so  that  the  baby  could  pull 
his  hair?  From  such  experiences  and 
memories  is  the  tapestry  of  life  woven. 

Well,  June  came,  and  with  it  the 
dreaded  Regents  examinations.  As  a 
teacher  I  never  forgot  the  feelings  of 
a  boy  or  girl  when  taking  a  Regent 
examination.  Listening  to  the  stem 
rules  read  by  the  teacher  at  the  open¬ 
ing  of  the  examination  had  always  up¬ 
set  me,  and  made  it  difficult  for  me  to 
concentrate  on  aswering  the  questions. 
Many  a  child  has  failed  his  Regents 
not  from  any  lack  of  knowledge  but 
from  nervousness  and  fear. 

The  examinations  over,  and  the 
senior  class  launched  into  Life’s  com¬ 
mencement,  we  were  ready  for  the  long 
vacation.  You  will  recall  how  we  clos¬ 
ed  up  our  little  house  for  the  summer, 
and  moved  over  the  hill  and  rented  a 
vacant  farmhouse  next  door  to  our  old 
home  farm.  There  I  got  up  to  my 
neck  in  haying  and  other  farm  work. 

You  and  I,  my  dear,  will  never  forget 
that  rickety,  gloomy  old  farmhouse  in 
which  we  spent  that  summer.  There 
must  have  been  at  least  fifteen  rooms 
( Continued  on  Page  20) 


(360)  6 


American  Agriculturist,  June  20,  1942 


REPAIR  ***** 

*  *  CONSERVE  *  * 

*  *  *  *  *  SAVE  ! 


Our  Government  asks  all  of  us  to  contribute  in  every  possi¬ 
ble  way  towards  Victory  and  we  can  help  by  repairing  and 
using  our  present  heating  equipment  and  conserving  fuel. 
The  Utica  Radiator  Corporation  endorses  fully  this  Govern¬ 
ment  program. 


★  Repair  for  Victory 

Now  is  the  time  to  repair  your  present  heating 
system  and  put  it  in  good  working  order  for 
next  year.  Your  local  dealer,  who  is  our  repre¬ 
sentative,  will  be  glad  to  inspect  your  heating 
plant  and  give  you  a  free  estimate  on  the  cost 
of  necessary  repairs. 

★  Conserve  Fuel 

Make  your  heating  plant  efficient  in  order  to 
save  fuel  next  year  and  plan  to  use  as  little  fuel 
as  possible. 

★  Buy  War  Bonds  and  Stamps 


UTICA  Boilers  and 
Radiators  are  efficient 
and  economical. 


Above  all,  we  urge  you  to  save  money,  as  well 
as  fuel,  and  to  buy  the  largest  possible  amount 
of  War  Savings  Bonds  and  Stamps.  We  will  be 
glad  to  send  you  a  special  historical  War  Savings 
Stamp  booket  upon  request.  Just  mail  us  a  post 
card  asking  for  it. 

UTICA  RADIATOR 

CORPORATION 
UTICA,  N.  Y. 


HOTEL  GREAT  NORTHERN 


Centrally  located  in  midtown 
New  York.  Near  Radio  City, 
theatres,  fine  shops.  Large  com¬ 
fortable  and  attractive 
ROOM  AND  BATH  from... 

AAA  Hotel.  Garage  ad¬ 
joins  our  til  West  56th 
St.  entrance.  Folder  Per  day. 
118  WEST  57th  ST..  NEW  YORK 


I 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


Glenn  Wilson,  R.  I,  Madrid.  N.  Y. 


NEW  SILO  FOR  OLD  •  •  • 

AT  1/2  THE  COST  / 


Save  Materials  1 


Rebuild  that  old,  leaky,  collapsed 
wood  stave  silo!  Save  old  staves, 
cover  with  Silafelt  for  warmth 
—  Crainelox  Spiral  Binding  for 
strength — and  you  have  a  famous 
Triple -Wall  Silo!  For  FREE 
FOLDER  and  easy  terms,  write 

CRAINE,  INC. 

622  Pine  St.,  Norwich,  N.  Y. 


CRAINE  bbe™  SILOS 


O  N 

WKNE 

The  New  England 
Barn  Dance 

Every  Wednesday  evening 

1290 

ON  YOUR  DIAL 


Farmers  Carrying 
Fight  to  Lewis 


Membership  pledges  signed 
by  farmers  of  the  New  York 
milk  shed  are  rolling  into  the 
Free  Farmers  headquarters  at 
Ithaca  at  the  rate  of  more  than  3,000 
a  week.  In  spite  of  the  fact  that 
Free  Farmers  Inc.  has  been  accepting 
these  memberships  for  only  a  short 
time,  over  25,000  farmers  in  this  milk 
shed  have  already  signed  up. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  these 
pledges  come  not  only  from  dairymen 
but  from  all  kinds  of  farmers  —  poul- 
trymen,  vegetable  and  fruit  growers  — 
many  of  whom  are  seriously  concerned 
over  the  Lewis  attempt  at  invasion. 
They  realize  that  if  Lewis  succeeds 
with  dairymen  he  will  not  stop  until  he 
has  control  of  all  farmers. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  also  that  the 
dairymen  who  sign  the  pledges  belong 
to  all  the  different  kinds  of  dairy  mar¬ 
keting  cooperatives,  large  and  small, 
and  there  are  even  many  pledges  from 
dairymen  who  belong  to  no  cooperative. 

They  Stand  Together 

The  Free  Farmers  pledge,  as  you 
know,  is  an  agreement  on  the  part  of 
the  farmer  to  join  with  his  neighbors 
to  protect  his  own  rights  and  to  pre¬ 
vent  the  domination  of  American  farm¬ 
ers  by  John  L.  Lewis  and  his  United 
Mine  Workers. 

Free  Farmers  Inc.,  backed  by  all  of 
the  constructive  farm  organizations, 
including  the  Grange  and  Farm  Bu¬ 
reau,  is  just  another  example  of  the  in¬ 
creasing  ability  of  farm  organizations 
to  work  together  to  protect  farmers’ 
rights,  to  market  farmers’  products, 
and,  in  general,  to  promote  the  welfare 
of  farm  folks. 

Following  the  example  of  farm  or¬ 
ganizations  of  the  New  York  milk 
shed,  farmers  and  their  organizations 
in  many  other  sections  are  getting  to¬ 
gether  for  two  purposes;  first,  to  pre¬ 
vent  John  L.  Lewis  from  taking  over 
the  American  farmer,  and,  second,  to 
work  together  more  closely  on  perma¬ 
nent  programs  to  help  agriculture.  For 
example,  in  New  England  the  menace 
from  John  L.  Lewis  and  his  Mine 
Workers  has  had  the  good  result  of 
getting  the  farm  organizations  of  New 
England  and  their  memberships  to¬ 
gether  in  an  overhead  organization 
called  the  Agricultural  Council  of  New 
England,  whose  purpose  not  only  is  to 
keep  the  United  Mine  Workers  out  of 
New  England,  but  also  to  build  a  more 
permanent  program  for  farms  and 
farming  backed  by  New  England  farm¬ 
ers  and  farm  organizations. 

Maryland  Joins  Fight 

In  Maryland  a  couple  of  weeks  ago, 
representatives  of  farmers  and  their 
organizations  from  Pennsylvania,  Dela¬ 
ware,  Maryland,  Virginia  and  West 


Virginia  met  and  set  up  a  similar  or¬ 
ganization  for  the  same  purposes;  that 
is,  first,  to  keep  the  United  Mine  Work¬ 
ers  out  of  these  states,  and,  second,  to 
promote  measures  and  policies  to  im¬ 
prove  the  economic  and  social  life  of 
farmers. 

As  we  write  this,  Mr.  Herbert  Voor- 
hees,  President  of  the  Farm  Bureau 
Federation  of  New  Jersey  and  Presi¬ 
dent  of  Free  Farmers,  Inc.,  is  speak¬ 
ing  at  a  meeting  of  farm  leaders  in 
Wisconsin,  at  their  invitation,  to  help 
set  up  an  organization  in  Wisconsin 
similar  to  Free  Farmers  or  to  organi¬ 
zations  in  New  England  and  the  Mid¬ 
dle  Atlantic  States. 

In  short,  farmers  alive  to  the  dan¬ 
gers  of  an  invasion  led  by  John  L. 
Lewis  are  organizing  to  meet  this 
threat,  and  then  are  going  still  farther 
by  establishing  overhead  federations 
representing  all  organizations  and  all 
farmers  to  work  for  the  permanent 
good  of  agriculture.  Thus,  out  of  this 
danger  from  Lewis  is  coming  a  per¬ 
manent  program,  supported  by  farmers 
themselves,  which  will  result  in  great 
good.  Free  Farmers,  Inc.,  unlike  the 
organizations  just  set  up  in  New  Eng¬ 
land  and  in  Maryland,  is  not  a  perma¬ 
nent  organization,  because  in  New 
York  State  farm  organizations  have 
worked  together  for  many  years  in  the 
New  York  State  Conference  Board  of 
Farm  Organizations. 

No  Common  Interest 

A  reporter  representing  the  Owego 
Times,  a  weekly  newspaper  published 
in  Tioga  County,  New  York,  has  per¬ 
sonally  called  on  many  dairymen  in 
every  one  of  the  nine  towns  of  Tioga 
County.  This  county,  by  the  way,  is 
the  home  of  Mr.  Foster,  President  of 
the  Dairy  Farmers  Union,  and  an  ar¬ 
dent  supporter  of  the  United  Mine 
Workers.  Of  all  the  farmers  whom 
this  reporter  has  visited,  there  have 
been  only  one  or  two  in  each  group  or 
town  who  have  favored  the  Lewis  in¬ 
vasion.  On  the  contrary,  a  large  ma¬ 
jority  of  these  dairymen  have  been  out¬ 
spoken  to  this  reporter  against  the  in¬ 
vasion,  and  many  of  these  men  pointed 
out  emphatically  time  and  again  that 
the  interests  of  consumers,  as  repre¬ 
sented  by  labor  unions,  and  the  inter¬ 
ests  of  dairymen  are  utterly  opposed. 

An  example"  of  the  fact  that  dairy¬ 
men  and  consumers  cannot  belong  to 
the  same  organization  is  what  is  hap¬ 
pening  in  the  case  of  the  Chicago  milk 
drivers.  These  milk  drivers,  already 
very  highly  paid,  struck  for  wages 
which,  for  those  working  for  one  deal¬ 
er,  would  mean  approximately  $10,000 
a  year  apiece.  How  do  you  suppose 
this  demand  “sets”  with  dairymen  in 
the  Chicago  area,  many  of  whom,  with 
( Continued  on  Page  15) 


Take  Care  of  It  and  Make  It  Do ! 


EVERY  farmer  knows  the  vital  im¬ 
portance  of  farm  machines  in  the 
winning  of  this  war.  The  need  for 
increased  food  production  is  urgent.  So 
is  the  demand  for  machines  to  help 
plant,  cultivate,  and  harvest  your  crops. 

But  because  of  the  urgent  demands  of  war  production, 
new  farm  machines  are  going  to  be  harder  to  get. 

This  simply  means  that  farmers  must  take  the  best  care 
of  the  farm  machines  they  have.  They  must  make  their 
present  equipment  last  longer.  They  must  take  care  of 
everything  until  we  win  the  Victory. 

Now,  more  than  ever,  it  is  good  business  to  conserve 
your  equipment.  More  than  that,  it  is  your  patriotic  dtity. 
Every  machine  you  keep  in  working  condition  means  that 
much  more  material  and  manpower  available  to  make 
urgently  needed  guns,  ships,  planes,  tanks,  and  ammuni¬ 
tion.  The  money  you  save  by  keeping  your  equipment  on 


mm  •* 

S 


slWW1- 


45;  PA  RTS 

Ask  the  Dealer  About  Equipment 
You  HAVE  to  Have-Now 

If  you  are  "up  against  it”  and  really  need  new  equipment  for 
summer  and  fall,  ask  the  International  Harvester  dealer  to 
help  you.  He  may  have  just  what  you  want,  or  he  may  suggest 
a  used  machine.  His  reconditioned  McCormick-Deering  equip¬ 
ment  has  been  carefully  repaired  and  put  in  A-l  shape  with 
Genuine  IHC  Parts  and  Service.  As  wise  farmers  have  alivays 
known,  you  get  full  value  when  you  buy  new  or  used 
McCormick-Deering  Tractors  and  Farm  Machines. 


the  job  is  money  to  lend  to  Uncle  Sam— 
money  to  buy  war  savings  bonds.  That 
investment  will  do  a  job  for  your  coun¬ 
try  today.  Then,  when  the  war  is  over 
and  we  return  to  the  paths  of  peace,  you 
will  be  in  position  to  get  the  tractors  and 
machines  you’d  like  to  buy  now. 

What  can  you  do  to  make  your  equipment  last  longer? 
International  Harvester  answers  that  question  in  a  very 
useful  booklet,  Your  Farm  Equipment— Take  Care  of  It 
and  Make  It  Do.  It  contains  helpful  information  and 
suggestions  on  the  care  and  maintenance  of  all  farm 
machines.  Write  for  your  copy  today,  and  use  it  often! 

IN  WARTIME,  KEEP  AN  EYE 
ON  EVERYTHING! 

Know  about  lubrication  and  greasing;  periodic  inspections  and  ad¬ 
justments;  repainting;  keeping  bolts  and  rivets  tight;  replacement 
of  worn  parts.  .  .  .  Protection  against  corrosion,  warping,  rotting, 
rodents,  moisture,  drying  out.  .  .  .  Care  of  sheet  metal  and  wooden 
parts.  .  . .  Care  of  canvases  and  cutter  bars. .  . .  Care  of  belts,  chains, 
clutches,  springs,  bearings. . .  .  Care  and  proper  inflation  of  rubber 
tires.  .  .  .  Seasonal  check-ups  and  storage,  efficient  housing  of  ma¬ 
chines.  .  .  .  Over-night  protection.  .  .  .  Use  of  owner’s  manuals  and 
instruction  books.  .  .  .  Safety  precautions.  .  .  .  The  book  offered  you  in 
the  coupon  below  will  help  you  keep  an  eye  on  everything.  Keep  it  handy  + 
all  year.  Write  for  your  copy  today! 

International  Harvester  Company 

180  North  Michigan  Avenue  Chicago,  Illinois 

BUY  U.  S.  WAR  BONDS  AND  STAMPS 


FREE! 


International  Harvester  Company 
180  North  Michigan  Avenue,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Please  send  me  a  copy  of  your  free  booklet: 
"Your  Farm  Equipment  —Take  Care  of  It 
and  Make  It  Do.” 

Name _ 


R.  R ._ 
City ... 


_ State . 


a.a. 


INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER 


(362)  S 


American  Agriculturist,  June  20,  1942 


We’ll  help  you  “Keep  ’em  Humming ” 


With  Genuine 


Ig_£oy 


Replacement  Parts 


This  grim  business  of  war  makes 
it  increasingly  difficult  for  us 
to  supply  you  with  new  farm  im¬ 
plements — much  as  we’d  like  to. 
But  we  can  cooperate  to  the  fullest 
extent  by  rushing  you  any  parts  you 
need  for  replacement  on  your  pres¬ 
ent  Le  Roy  equipment. 

Furthermore,  we  are  at  your  serv¬ 


ice  to  assist  in  the  care  and  main¬ 
tenance  of  all  Le  Roy  products.  Do 
not  hesitate  to  call  upon  us  for  ad¬ 
vice  or  technical  data  to  help  you 
step  up  and  prolong  the  efficiency 
of  your  Le  Roy  farm  machines. 
There  is  no  charge  or  obligation 
for  this  expert  advisory  service,  so 
please  make  the  most  of  it. 


LE  ROY  PLOW  COMPANY,  Le  Roy,  New  York 

SERVING  THE  FARMER  FOR  OVER  60  YEARS 


BLIZZARD 

ENSILAGE  GUTTER  -  HAY  CHOPPER 


LEAPS'  FROM 
ALL  A/V&LES 


Your  Blizzard  is  more  valuable  than  ever !  It 
saves  labor,  time,  money.  Handles  any  crop 
wet,  green  or  dry  —  delivers  anywhere, 
any  angle.  Keep  your  Blizzard  in  tip-top 
condition  .  .  .  check  up  now  and  order 
needed  repair  arts  from  your  nearest 
BLIZZARD  deal¬ 
er  or  distributor. 


BLIZZARD  MFG.  CO. 


Box  A, 


CANTON,  OHIO 


C.  M.  Zimmerman,  R.  I,  Walkersville,  Md. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


Radio  is  playing  a  huge  part  in  this 
all-out  effort  to  beat  the  Axis 9  and 


is  trying  to  keep  everyone,  within  range  of  its 
50,000  watt  radius,  posted  on  the  latest  happen¬ 
ings  in  this  world  of  today.  News,  Farm  news 
and  prices,  music  and  variety  shows,  are  neces¬ 
sary  to  our  way  of  living.  Morale,  as  well  as  all- 
out  production,  is  vital  to  this  effort. 

We  believe,  through  our  Clear  Channel  Broad¬ 
casting  System,  you  are  able  to  keep  abreast  of 
the  news,  and  we  hope  you  are  finding  inspira¬ 
tion  to  join  us  in  the  nation’s  effort  to  retain  our 
“way  of  life.” 


Station  WHAM  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


1180  on  your  dial 


GARDEN  GOSSIP 


fey  Paul  WqaJz 


PEOPLE  who  write,  as  well  as  some 
others,  are  rather  lacking  in  the 
conveniences  for  getting  around  to  see 
gardens  and  to  gather  the  home  garden 
news.  Ora  Smith,  whose  early  planting 
was  reported  a  few  weeks  ago,  had 
peas  in  bloom  on  May  14th  and  asso¬ 
ciate  editor,  Hugh  Cosline,  broke  the 

tape  on  May  16th.'’ 
In  my  own  garden 
the  date  was  the 
18th  and  Bruce 
Millard  had  com¬ 
mercial  plantings 
in  bloom  about  the 
15th.  Editor  Ed 
planted  peas  the 
last  of  March,  but 
his  place  is  quite 
a  way  back  from 
the  lake  valley  and 
very  early  matur¬ 
ity  is  hardly  to  be 
expected,  so  with 
this  understanding 
we  think  he  will 

Paul  Work  be  able  t0  Carry 

the  blow.  It  ordi¬ 
narily  takes  about  three  weeks  for 
peas  to  mature  from  bloom. 


(The  blow  hasn’t  fallen  yet,  Paul. 
The  proof  of  the  pudding  is  in  the  eat¬ 
ing.  It  would  surprise  you,  wouldn’t 
it,  if  I  were  to  get  peas  before  you  do? 
By  the  way,  no  fair  harvesting  them 
until  they  get  at  least  as  big  as  buck¬ 
shot. — Editor  Ed.) 

(I  have  my  bit  to  add  to  this  story. 
Paul  tells  me  that  Ora  Smith  had  peas 
for  dinner  on  June  3  and  Bruce  Mil¬ 
lard  tells  me  that  he  had  peas  for  sup¬ 
per  June  9.  When  I  asked  Editor  Ed 
when  his  would  be  ready  to  cook,  he 
said  “pretty  soon,”  and  Paul  gave  me 
the  same  answer  about  his;  so  I  think 
they  are  still  neck  and  neck.  I  am 
hoping  to  get  under  the  wire  ahead  of 
both  of  them.  If  any  of  you  beat  Ora 
Smith’s  record,  be  sure  and  let  us 
know. — H.  L.  C.) 


The  students  gardens  at  East  Ithaca 
had  half  pound  heads  of  leaf  lettuce, 
Black  Seeded  Simpson,  ready  by  May 
20th.  These  plants  had  grown  for 
about  six  weeks  in  greenhouse  and 
coldframe  and  were  four  or  five  inches 
high  when  set  out  the  14th  of  April. 
Radishes  sown  in  the  open  ground 
were  also  ready  at  that  time. 

The  frost  of  May  11th  was  very  in¬ 
teresting  in  this  neck  of  the  woods; 
plants  hardly  knew  whether  to  succumb 
to  it  or  not.  A  neighbor  of  mine  had 
25  or  30  tomato  plants  out  and  about 
half  of  them  were  killed,  the  other 
half  not.  Who  can  tell  why?  Probably 
there  was  some  slight  difference  in 
hardening  and  if  the  temperature  had 
gone  a  degree  or  two  lower  they  would 
probably  all  have  been  killed.  The 
same  thing  was  true  for  beans.  The 
official  temperature  at  Ithaca  was  30° 
and  three  or  four  miles  from  town  it 
reached  25°. 

Upstate  New  York  was  pretty  well 
soaked  up  the  week  of  May  18th.  This 
was  a  God-send,  for  many  sections  had 
become  very  dry.  At  Ithaca,  April  rain¬ 
fall  was  an  inch  below  normal  and  most 
of  that  rain  fell  in  the  first  half  of 
the  month.  The  normal  of  2 y2”  is  hard¬ 
ly  enough  for  optimum  growth  unless 
the  soil  was  very  well  soaked  up  pre¬ 
viously. 

The  week  of  May  25th  was  tomato 
setting  week  for  much  of  upstate.  The 
good  rains  had  put  the  soil  in  splendid 
condition  and  the  tomatoes  got  away 
to  an  excellent  start. 

We  used  a  little  Blue  Hubbard  squash 
in  May  that  had  been  kept  in  a  cellar 
since  last  fall.  This  squash  was  per¬ 
fectly  sound  and  full  of  good  yellow 
color  which  bespeaks  carotene  pig¬ 


ment,  or  vitamin  A.  A  good  deal  of 
emphasis  has  been  placed  recently  upon 
the  importance  of  winter  squash  as  a 
source  of  this  important  vitamin.  With 
a  little  care  about  striped  beetles  when 
they  first  come  up  and  a  little  watch¬ 
ing  for  squash  bugs  later,  it  is  not  hard 
to  have  an  adequate  supply  of  winter 
squash  for  home  use.  County  agents 
have  a  “mimeo”  on  these  enemies. 

Indications  are  that  the  town  and 
village  people  have  responded  more 
generally  to  the  appeal  for  Victory 
Gardens  than  the  people  on  farms  and 
it  is  on  farms  that  gardens  are  most 
needed. 

We  sometimes  make  fun  of  the  peo¬ 
ple  who  wait  until  Memorial  Day  to 
start  their  gardens,  but  early  June  is 
not  too  late.  One  only  misses  the  vege¬ 
tables  that  would  be  available  in  June 
and  July. 

The  Victory  Garden  leaflets  which 
are  available  from  the  County  Victory 
Garden  Coordinators,  who  are  usually 
the  4-H  Club  Agents  in  the  various 
New  York  counties,  have  met  with  a 
very  favorable  response.  As  these  leaf¬ 
lets  are  printed,  they  are  mailed  out 
to  all  who  request  them.  It  is  import¬ 
ant  that  these  leaflets  be  kept  and  re¬ 
ferred  to  again  and  again.  A  person 
cannot  remember  the  whole  story  at 
one  reading  and  the  answers  to  most 
of  the  ordinary  questions  are  to  be 
found  in  them.  So,  save  the  leaflets 
and  look  them  up  again. 

—  A.  A. — 

NITROGEN 
FOR  ORCHARDS 

Apple  growers  are  faced  with  a 
shortage  of  nitrogen-carrying  fertiliz¬ 
ers.  The  only  nitrogen  carriers  avail¬ 
able  are  limited  amounts  of  nitrate  of 
soda  (with  no  certainty  that  these 
supplies  will  continue)  and  some  sup¬ 
plies  of  sulphate  of  ammonia. 

There  is  a  better  supply  of  complete 
fertilizers,  and  some  fruit  growers  are 
using  these.  It  is  not  sufficient,  how¬ 
ever,  to  apply  the  usual  amounts  of  a 
complete  fertilizer,  for  example  5-10-5 
If  complete  fertilizer  is  used,  enough 
should  be  added  to  give  approximately 
the  same  amount  of  nitrogen  as 
though  you  were  applying  a  nitrogen 
carrier  only. 

In  some  cases,  it  may  be  advisable 
to  follow  a  modified  tillage  of  the 
orchard.  It  is  suggested,  for  example, 
that  sod  orchards  be  disced  once  or 
twice  this  spring,  but  not  enough  to 
destroy  the  sod  completely  If  the 
trees  are  not  too  large,  the  land  may 
be  plowed  and  a  legume  crop  grown 
as  a  cover  crop. 

Clean  cultivation,  if  the  soil  is  well 
supplied  with  organic  matter,  will 
furnish  nitrogen  for  a  year  or  two; 
but  steps  must  be  taken  to  prevent  the 
burning  out  of  organic  matter  which 
will  occur  if  nothing  is  done  to  main¬ 
tain  humus.  Where  it  is  possible,  a 
heavy  mulch  of  legume  material  will 
provide  a  lot  of  nitrogen.  Non-legume 
mulches  do  not  supply  much  nitrogen 
for  the  first  two  years. 


— a.  a. — 

New  Rook  on  "Vegetables 

Two  new  books,  on  vegetables  have 
just  come  to  our  attention.  One  is 
“The  Tomato,”  by  Paul  Work,  Profes¬ 
sor  of  Vegetable  Gardening  at  the  New 
York  State  College  of  Agriculture. 
The  other  is  “Asparagus  Production,” 
by  Homer  C.  Thompson  of  the  same 
Department.  These  books  are  both 
published  by  the  Orange  Judd  Publish¬ 
ing  Co.,  15  East  26th  St.,  New  York 
City.  The  price  of  each  is  $1.25. 


American  Agriculturist,  June  20,  1942 


9  (363) 


Rats 

* 

attd  the  fWa>i 


These  34  rats  were  killed  in 
a  poultry  house  in  ten  min¬ 
utes  by  blocking.  They  were 
eating  as  much  feed  as  the 
hens. 


It  is  argued,  dnd  with 
some  reason,  that  a  dead 
rat  in  the  house  is  a 
greater  problem  than 
the  same  rat  alive. 


TRAPS  —  Practically 
every  farm  is  provided 
with  a  number  of  rat 
traps,  but  sadly  enough, 
these  are  allowed  to 
gather  dust  and  seldom 
are  ever  put  to  use. 
Traps  are  most  effective 
if  properly  set,  and  large 
numbers  set  in  places 
frequented  by  these 
pests  are  instrumental 
in  catching  considerable 
numbers. 

Steel  traps,  such  as 
those  used  in  taking 
muskrats  and  skunks,  are  most  ef¬ 
fective.  If  these  are  placed  behind 
boards  leaned  against  the  walls  of  the 
henhouse,  or  placed  in  runways  in  the 
fruit  cellar  or  cowyard,  they  will  prove 
most  efficient.  After  most  of  the  rats 


By  W.  J.  HAMILTON,  Jr., 


on  the  premises  have  been  destroyed, 
traps  should  be  set  where  new  invaders 
will  be  caught.  No  matter  how  effici¬ 
ently  rats  are  destroyed,  it  is  not  long 
before  newcomers  will  reinvade  the 
farm.  These  individuals  accept  traps 
as  part  of  the  farm,  and  are  usually 
taken  without  difficulty. 

BLOCKING — Blocking  is  a  method 
of  rat  control,  too  seldom  used.  It  can 
best  be  accomplished  in  a  large  feed 
room  or  poultry  house.  All  but  two  or 
three  of  the  main  rat  entrances  to  the 
room  or  house  are  securely  blocked, 
and  the  remaining  ones  made  ready  so 
that  they  can  be  effectively  closed  in 
a  few  moments.  This  can  be  done  by 
having  on  hand  a  sack  of  sand  or  sev¬ 
eral  bricks  with  which  to  close  the 
hole.  The  premises  are  prebaited  with 
grain  or  mash,  well  removed  from  the 
rat  holes,  for  a  week  or  two,  until  all 
food  is  being  removed.  When  the  rats 
are  accustomed  to  the  premises,  and 
the  food  is  being  eaten  nightly,  the 
time  is  ripe  for  the  slaughter.  An  hour 
after  dark,  one  should  enter  the  room, 
quickly  close  all  exits  and  proceed  to 
deal  with  the  rats.  I  have  destroyed  37 
rats  in  ten  minutes  in  such  fashion. 

GAS — Occasionally  rats  will  tunnel 


or  burrow  in  the  fields,  particularly 
along  rank  hedgerows  or  the  banks  of 
slow  streams  which  border  fields  of 
com  or  vegetables.  A  single  rat  in  such 
situations  can  cause  considerable  dam¬ 
age  to  melons,  tomatoes,  corn,  or  other 
crops.  Such  rats  are  best  destroyed  by 
gas.  If  all  but  a  single  burrow  are 
carefully  plugged  with  sod,  and  a  table¬ 
spoonful  of  calcium  cyanide  piled  with¬ 
in  the  entrance,  this  being  closed  with 
an  inverted  piece  of  sod,  the  resulting 
poisonous  gas  will  soon  kill  the  occu¬ 
pant  of  the  burrow.  A  small  wad  of 
cotton  or  waste  soaked  in  carbon  bi¬ 
sulphate  will  also  prove  effective. 

DOGS  OK  CATS — We  must  not  lose 
sight  of  the  value  of  the  dog  and  cat 
about  the  farm.  If  rats  are  particularly 
bad  in  a  storage  room  or  fruit  cellar, 
a  dog  or  cat  placed  in  the  room  on  al¬ 
ternate  nights  for  a  week  or  so  will 
often  intimidate  the  rodents  so  that 
they  will  leave.  Obviously,  during  the 
day  or  night  Towzer  or  Tabby  is  ever 
on  the  alert?  f?r  a  stray  rodent. 

The  time  to  destroy  rats  is  now.  Re¬ 
member  that  on  a  badly  infested  farm, 
rats  are  eating  or  wasting  foodstuffs 
equivalent  to  the  yearly  taxes  of  the 
farmer. 


Zoology  Dept.,  Cornell. 

THE  RAT  is  the  worst  pest  known 
to  man.  It  harbors  disease,  spreads 
filth,  destroys  millions  upon  millions  of 
dollars  worth  of  food  stuffs  yearly,  and 
through  its  destruction  of  poultry  and 
other  small  livestock,  causes  an  unpar- 
alled  and  altogether  unnecessary  loss 
to  rural  citizens. 

Now,  as  never  before,  we  are  called 
upon  to  produce  to  our  utmost  that 
the  United  Nations  can  be  sufficient¬ 
ly  supplied  with  food.  Every  farmer 
can  help  in  this  effort  and  profit  him¬ 
self  by  suppressing  rats  on  his  prem¬ 
ises. 

COST  —  Few  realize  the  enormous 
toll  taken  by  rats,  very  few  are  aware 
of  the  cost- of  maintaining  these  vicious 
pests.  Two  rats  will  often  eat,  waste 
or  foul  sufficient  mash  or  grain  to  feed 
a  laying  hen. 

The  total  elimination  of  rats  on  a 
badly  infested  farm  is  difficult  but  their 
numbers  can  be  greatly  reduced  if  cer¬ 
tain  precautionary  measures  are  con¬ 
sidered.  Rats  can  be  completely  eradi¬ 
cated  if  food  and  shelter  are  made 
unavailable  to  them.  The  surest  meth¬ 
od  of  rat  repression  is  rat-proofing  the 
premises. 

Rat-proofing,  by  the  liberal  and 
judicious  use  of  cement,  metal  sheet¬ 
ing  and  hardware  cloth  is  most  effec¬ 
tive  but  often  too  expensive.  If  the 
cost  of  such  practices  appears  prohibi¬ 
tive,  food  should  be  stored  in  metal 
containers  where  rats  cannot  get  it. 

POISON  —  If  rat  proofing  is  not 
practicable,  poisons  and  traps  are  use¬ 
ful  in  destroying  rats.  Poisons  are  us¬ 
ually  not  selective,  so  great  care  should 
be  exercised  to  place  poisoned  baits 
where  rats  alone  can  get  them.  Special 
boxes,  so  prepared  that  only  rats  and 
mice  may  gain  entrance  can  be  pre¬ 
baited  with  non-poisoned  baits  for  a 
fortnight  previous  to  the  distribution 
of  poisoned  baits.  Such  a  practice  will 
entice  many  rats  to  their  death.  Red 
squill,  of  which  a  good  grade  is  now 
difficult  to  secure,  has  been  most  wide¬ 
ly  used  in  recent  years.  It  is  a  specific 
rat  poison  and  usually  not  fatal  to 
other  animals. 

Rats  are  very  suspicious  animals, 
and  are  loathe  to  eat  any  unfamiliar 
food,  particularly  if  such  has  been  ob¬ 
viously  tampered  with.  Under  most 
circumstances,  it  is  wiser  to  prepare 
the  death  feast  from  some  food  that 
the  rats  are  already  eating  in  quantity. 
<  In  spite  of  its  proved  value  as  a  rat¬ 
tler,  many  people  refuse  to  use  poison 
on  the  basis  that  the  rats,  accepting 
the  bait,  crawl  into  the  partitions  or 
remote  corners  of  the  dwelling  to  die. 


THIS  WILL  CURE 


Best  letters 
of  100  Words  or  less 
on  "WHY  FARMERS 
SHOULD  BUY 
L  WAR  BONDS"  J 


THE  FfNCf -JUMPERS 


YOUR 

CHANCE  TO  WIN  ONE 

OF  THE  125  PRIZES  IN  THE 

"'ll/ tii  -  the  -  'll/an" 

BOND  CONTEST 

1st  PRIZE 

$1,000  WAR  BOND, 

plus  a  tour  for  the  winner  and  one 
other  member  of  his  family,  all  ex¬ 
penses  paid.  See  the  big  Allis-Chal- 
mers  factory  where  weapons  of  victory 
are  made.  Visit  Great  Lakes  Naval 
Training  Station  and,  war  conditions 
permitting,  cruise  as  guest  of  honor 
aboard  a  U.  S.  navy  boat! 

2nd  PRIZE  —  $1,000  War  Bond. 

3rd  PRIZE  —  $500  in  War  Stamps. 
122  other  prizes  from  $400  to  $10 
in  bonds  and  stamps. 

HERE'S  HOW  TO  ENTER 

Anyone  living  on  a  farm  is  eligible  except 
Allis-Chalmers  employees  and  dealers  and 
their  families.  List  the  serial  number  of  a 
War  Bond  registered  in  your  name.  Obtain 
entry  blank  from  your  Allis-Chalmers  dealer, 
or  write  factory  address  below.  Entry  blank 
not  required  to  win.  Contest  closes  Sep¬ 
tember  15.  Submit  entries  to  Allis-Chalmers, 
Department  34,  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin. 


It’s  time  to  take  the  bull  by 
the  horns  and  grab  the  hog 
by  the  hind  leg.  There’s 
a  ringing  job  to  do,  and  if 
American  farmers  get  to¬ 
gether  they  can  finish  it 
in  a  hurry. 

Fourteen  billion  dollars  is  the  U.  S. 
farm  income  forecast  for  1942.  That’s 
powerful  money,  enough  to  make  Uncle 
Sam’s  big  stick  a  much  bigger  stick. 

Allis-Chalmers  has  faith  in  farmers  .  .  . 
and  an  equal  faith  in  Uncle  Sam.  Both 
have  the  integrity  it  takes  to  make  a  suc¬ 
cessful  partnership.  WAR  BONDS  offer 
a  golden  opportunity  for  them  to  get 
together.  Paying  a  good  rate  of  interest, 
with  a  money-back  guarantee,  there  never 
was  a  better  farm  investment.  It’s  Ameri¬ 
can  farmers’  chance  now  to  choose  secur¬ 
ity,  instead  of  slavery  under  the  Axis  whip. 
Allis-Chalmers  is  proud  to  sponsor  this 
"Win-the-War  Bond  Contest”  exclusively 
for  farm  folks,  in  cooperation  with  the 
U.  S.  Treasury  Dept.  Send  in  your  ideas 
.  .  .  they’ll  help  with  that  ringing  job! 


(361)  lO 


American  Agriculturist,  June  20,  1942 


.  B. 

SKEFFinGTOn 


»}Kffi; 

nOTCBOOK 


Encouraged  by  its  success  in 

moving-  the  crop  last  year,  the 
Western  New  York  Peach  Marketing 
Committee  is  swinging  into  action. 
Reports  from  the  South  indicate  a 
large  crop,  and  at  least  an  average 
yield  is  indicated  in  this  state.  An¬ 
other  factor  this  year  is  how  restric¬ 
tions  on  tin  and  sugar  for  canning  will 
affect  demand. 

“It  would  be  premature  to  say  we 
have  the  situation  well  in  hand,”  said 
Frank  W.  Beneway,  committee  chair¬ 
man,  “but  we  have  a  pretty  definite 
idea  that  we  can  sell  peaches.  Already 
we  have  had  a  meeting  of  growers 
from  the  various  counties  and  are  pre¬ 
pared  for  action.  Because  of  the  work 
the  committee  was  able  to  do  in  the 
past  three  years,  and  especially  last 
year,  we  expect  the  program  will  be 
better  supported  financially  by  grow¬ 
ers  than  ever  before. 

“The  main  thing  we  learned — and  I 
guess  we  had  to  learn  it  the  hard  way 
— is  that  no  one  else  has  the  same  in¬ 
terest  in  our  peaches  that  we  have. 
The  first  year  our  committee  did  a 
good  job  and  the  results  were  good. 
The  second  year  we  were  a  little  bit 
too  confident  and  weather  factors  were 
against  us,  the  result  was  nothing  to 
be  proud  of.  Last  year  we  tightened 
our  belts.  When  some  of  the  pessi¬ 
mists  said  it  couldn’t  be  done,  we  made 
them  eat  their  words,  and  from  a 
weak  start  the  peach  market  climbed 
steadily  to  a  grand  climax.” 

Model  for  National  Body 

As  may  be  remembered,  the  southern 
peach  deal  was  a  failure  last  year  and 
peaches  shipped  into  New  York  barely 
paid  freight.  There  was  a  large  crop 
and  almost  anything  was  shipped, 


without  any  program  to  stimulate  the 
demand.  In  past  years  New  York 
growers  usually  found  that  after  gen¬ 
eral  public  dissatisfaction  with  early 
peaches  their  chances  of  good  mar¬ 
kets  and  good  prices  were  slim. 

But  last  year  the  organized  promo¬ 
tion  for  New  York  peaches  was  able  to 
offset  this.  One  result  was  that  peach 
growers  in  all  the  southern  states  de¬ 
cided  to  try  something  of  that  sort. 
Beneway  went  to  Richmond,  Va.,  and 
explained  the  plan,  resulting  in  setting 
up  the  National  Peach  Marketing 
Council.  The  New  York  committee  has 
offered  its  cooperation  to  the  new 
body,  but  is  not  joining  in  financing 
it.' That  is  something  to  be  determined 
later. 

It  is  to  the  advantage  of  New  York 
growers  to  have  the  southern  crop 
moved  early.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
committee  feels  this  is  largely  a  prob¬ 
lem  of  southern  growers  and  it  prefers 
to  see  what  the  southerners  do  about 
it  this  year. 

One  of  the  angles  which  will  be 
stressed  on  peaches  this  year  is  their 
high  vitamin  content,  especially  when 
eaten  raw,  and  the  fact  that  they  re¬ 
quire  very  little  sugar.  Great  em¬ 
phasis  will  be  placed  on  sales  in  local 
markets. 

0 

*  *  * 

Want  "Reds”  in  Program 

The  red  kidney  bean  situation  re¬ 
mains  unsatisfactory.  There  are  a  lot 
of  the  reds  in  storage.  Normally  they 
command  a  considerably  higher  price 
than  other  dry  beans.  Today  the  bean 
market  is  depressed  and  reds  are 
bringing  less  than  half  of  the  prices 
offered  earlier  in  the  season.  The 
Agricultural  Marketing  Administration 


National  Farm  Organizations 
Are  Pulling  Together 


Recognizing  how  serious  the 
farm  labor  situation  is,  the  Presi¬ 
dents  of  the  four  great  national  farm 
organizations  joined  in  writing  the  fol¬ 
lowing  letter  to  Mr.  Paul  V.  McNutt, 
Chairman  of  the  War  Manpower  Com¬ 
mission.  Mr.  McNutt  has  the  tremend¬ 
ous  responsibility  of  assigning  work¬ 
ers  of  America  to  the  jobs  where  they 
can  do  the  most  in  helping  to  win  the 
war. 

Attention  should  be  called  to  the  fact 
also  that  these  four  farm  organiza¬ 
tions,  comprising  in  their  membership 
most  of  the  farm  folks  of  America,  are 
working  together  cooperatively  to  help 
agriculture  and  to  help  America. 

Farmers  can  accomplish  almost  any 
worthwhile  purpose  when  they  stand 
together  as  they  have  in  this  instance. 
Note  that  Mr.  H.  E.  Babcock,  author  of 
Kernels,  Screenings,  and  Chaff,  is 

President  National  Cooperative  Coun¬ 
cil  and  one  of  the  signers  of  the  letter. 
Here  is  the  letter: 

Mr.  Paul  V.  McNutt,  Chairman 
War  Manpower  Commission 
Social  Security  Building 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Dear  Mr.  McNutt: 

The  farm  labor  situation  is  daily  grow¬ 
ing  more  serious.  It  is  becoming  a  defin¬ 
ite  threat  to  war  food  and  fiber  produc¬ 
tion. 


Immediate  action  is  necessary  to  keep 
essential  labor  on  farms  and  in  agricul¬ 
tural  processing  industries.  It  is  also 
necessary  to  make  agricultural  labor 
available  in  areas  where  it  has  been 
drained  away  by  the  higher  wage  rates 
offered  by  industry  and  by  the  require¬ 
ments  of  military  service.  . 

Because  we  recognize  the  difficult  job 
before  your  Commission  of  reconciling 
the  needs  of  agriculture,  industry  and  our 
military  forces  for  manpower,  and  be¬ 
cause  we  wish  to  offer  you  our  fullest 
support,  we,  as  Presidents  of  the  under¬ 
signed  national  farm  organizations,  have 
established  a  standing  manpower  com¬ 
mittee. 

This  committee  is  made  up  of  our 
Washington  representatives  and  is  avail¬ 
able  at  all  times  on  short  notice.  We  be¬ 
lieve  that  it  can  be  of  aid  to  you  in  de¬ 
termining  the  essential  needs  of  agricul¬ 
ture  and  of  agricultural  processing  in¬ 
dustries  for  labor.  We  hope  that  you  and 
your  representatives  will  call  on  our  com¬ 
mittee  for  consultation  and  for  aid  in 
establishing  manpower  policies  which  af¬ 
fect  labor  in  agriculture  and  agricultural 
industries. 

Respectfully  yours, 

National  Grange  Patrons  of  Husbandry, 

— Albert  S.  Goss ,  Master. 

National  Council  of  Farmer  Cooperatives, 
— H.  E.  Babcock,  President. 

National  Farmers  Union, 

— James  G.  Patton,  President. 

American  Farm  Bureau  Federation, 

— Edward  A.  O’Neal ,  President. 


has  offered  to  buy  beans  at  $5  per  100 
pounds  at  seaboard,  but  growers  of 
reds  can’t  see  that. 

Also  they  object  to  the  fact  that  red 
kidneys  are  not  included  in  the  AMA 
marketing  program  for  next  season. 
The  government  offers  to  buy  beans 
at  $4.75  F.O.B.,  but  reds  are  not  in¬ 
cluded.  Growers  insist  that  the  red 
beans  be  placed  in  the  program.  One 
result  of  failure  to  include  the  reds 
is  that  a  number  of  growers  who  plan¬ 
ned  to  grow  them  have  returned  seed 
which  they  intended  to  plant  this  year. 
It  is  argued  that  there  will  be  a  de¬ 
mand  for  reds  to  ship  to  Russia  and 
the  Carribbean. 

Growers  have  been  told  that  if  there 
is  a  demand  for  red  beans  the  Pinto 
type  from  the  West  can  be  supplied. 
The  $5  F.O.B.  price  also  is  considered 
unfair,  because  normally  New  York 
beans  have  commanded  a  pi'emium  to 
the  extent  of  the  freight  differential, 
which  would  be  about  15  cents  over 
Michigan  and  considerably  more  over 
Idaho.  The  uniform  F.O.B.  price  is  ex¬ 
pected  to  result  in  much  greater  acre¬ 
age  in  the  West  and  possibly  have  a 
deterimental  effect  upon  the  eastern 
bean  industry. 

*  *  * 

No  Horticultural  Meeting 

Roy  P.  McPherson,  secretary  of  the 
State  Horticultural  Society,  says  it  is 
not  likely  that  the  society  will  have  a 
summer  meeting  this  year.  Earlier  in 
the  season  it  had  been  suggested  that 
the  meeting  be  held  at  the  Geneva  Ex¬ 
periment  Station.  Shortage  of  tires 
and  gasoline,  together  with  the  fact 
that  most  growers  are  very  busy,  led 
McPherson  to  predict  that  the  summer 
meeting  would  be  abandoned. 

Present  plans  are  to  go  ahead  with 


the  winter  meetings  next  January.  Mc¬ 
Pherson  said  conditions  may  make  it 
necessary  to  curtail  the  exhibits,  and 
possibly  to  shorten  the  meetings,  but 
he  was  hopeful  they  they  would  be 
held. 

The  summer  meeting  and  field  day 
of  the  Empire  State  Potato  Club, 
scheduled  for  Steuben  County,  has  been 
called  off.  In  recent  years  the  potato 
gatherings  have  been  the  largest  farm 
meetings  in  the  state,  attracting  about 
10,000  persons. 

Present  plans  are  that  the  State 
Farm  Bureau  Federation  will  have  its 
annual  meeting  of  delegates  in  the  fall. 
Many  farmers  have  expressed  the 
opinion  that  while  it  is  necessary  to 
stay  home  and  work  more,  it  would  be 
a  mistake  not  to  keep  up  the  work  of 
their  organizations. 

*  *  * 

Weather  Not  So  Good 

Upstate  weather  has  not  been  too 
good  for  some  crops  and  some  farm 
operations.  Frequently  rains  and  lack 
of  sunshine  have  retarded  growth  of 
some  crops,  but  spinach  and  pastures 
have  been  thriving.  The  season  has 
been  very  poor  for  asparagus  because 
of  low  temperatures  and  cut  worms 
have  been  an  unusually  severe  pest 
in  many  gardens.  When  weather  has 
been  good  farmers  have  been  working 
long  hours  getting  land  fitted  and 
planted.  It  has  not  been  unusual  to 
hear  the  tractors  going  until  after  9 
o’clock  at  night. 

A  number  of  farmers  tell  me  that 
roadside  business  has  been  very  poor. 
Some  others  who  have  had  routes  in 
cities  have  cut  them  out  because  of 
tire  and  gasoline  restrictions.  Also 
there  is  the  factor  of  being  too  busy 
on  the  farm  to  take  time  out. 


A.A.-Grange  Bread  Contest  News 


DID  YOU  ever  make  bread  with 
goat’s  milk?  One  of  the  contest¬ 
ants  who  took  part  in  the  bread  con¬ 
test  held  by  East  Lansing  Grange, 
Tompkins  County,  did  so  and  Chair¬ 
man  Mrs.  Morris  Halladay,  who  had 
charge  of  the  contest,  writes  that  “It 
certainly  was  interesting  to  hear  the 
judges  try  to  guess  which  one  it  was. 
No  one  guessed  right.  It  turned  out  to 
be  our  second  prize  loaf.” 

Mrs.  Halladay  adds,  “Our  contest 
was  a  big  success  and  was  held  on  a 
night  when  we  were  visited  by  our 
State  Deputy  Master  and  his  wife,  and 


Mrs— Charles  Fuhr- 
man,  of  Buffalo,  N. 
Y.,  who  won  first 
prize  in  the  bread 
baking  contest  held 
by  Hamburg  Grange, 
Erie  County. 

when  the  1st  and  2nd  degrees  were 
conferred  on  a  fine  class  of  candidates. 
Hamburgers,  with  all  of  the  trimmings, 
and  chocolate  milk  were  served  after 
the  meeting,  all  prepared  and  planned 
entirely  by  about  five  of  our  young- 
boys.” 

Here  are  some  more  interesting  news 
items  from  other  Grange  chairmen: 

Mrs.  George  M.  Clegg,  Sylvan  Grange, 
Dutches^  Co. :  “After  the  judges  had 
picked  the  winners,  we  auctioned  off  the 
eleven  loaves  cf  bread  entered  in  our  con¬ 
test.  The  auction  was  amusing  and 
brought  in  $4.65.  The  prize  loaf  went  for 
75  cents.” 

Mrs.  Carrie  Thompson,  Philadelphia 
Grange,  Jefferson  Co.:  “One  of  our 
judges  gave  a  splendid  talk  on  baking 
bread,  pointing  out  all  of  the  interesting 
things  about  it.  We  served  the  bread, 
baked  beafts,  salad,  relish,  and  coffee, 


•  and  took  up  a  silver  collection  to  pay  for 
the  prize,  a  pyrex  bake  dish.  Seyen  took 
part  in  the  contest,  and  all  of  the  bread 
was  of  splendid  quality.” 

Mrs.  Willard  Brown,  Belmont  Grange, 
Allegany  Co. :  “Our  third  prize  winner 
used  honey  to  sweeten  her  bread.  The 
judges  couldn’t  tell  the  difference  when 
judging  the  bread.” 

Mrs.  Charles  P.  Leasure,  Nichols 
Grange,  Tioga  Co.:  “Our  contest  was 
very  successful.  At  the  close  of  it,  our 
Home  Demonstration  Agent  gave  a  talk 
on  nutrition.  We  served  bread  and  jam 
and  milk  to  the  members  of  our  Grange, 
and  they  all  enjoyed  it.  Our  local 
merchants  donated  the  prizes  for  the 
contest.” 

Following  is  a  list  of  winners  whose 
names  have  been  reported  to  us  dur¬ 
ing  the  past  two  weeks: 

Subordinate  Grange  Winners 


COUNTY 

GRANGE 

WINNER 

Allegany 

Belmont 

Mrs.  Dallas  Lanphier 

Broome 

Castle  Creek 

Mrs.  Claude  Conrad 

Progressive 

Mrs.  Carol  Tiffany 

Cattaraugus 

West_Valley 

Mrs.  Lorena  Smith 

Dutchess 

Mt.  Hope 

Mrs.  John  B.  Neilson 

Poughkeepsie 

Mrs.  Russell  Hargrave 

Sylvan 

Mrs.  Eric  V.  Andrews 

Erie 

Akron 

Mrs.  William  Higgins 

Bowmansville 

Mrs.  Margaret  Lang 

Collins  Center 

Mrs.  Henry  Lang  less 

Hamburg 

Mrs.  Charles  Fuhrman 

Greene 

Catsklll  Valley 

Mrs.  Ina  Chadderdon 

Greene  Valley 

Mrs.  Bruce  Scudder 

Jewett 

Mrs.  Alphus  Tuttle 

Herkimer 

Paines  Hollow 

Mrs.  John  Vrooman 

Jefferson 

Kirkland 

Mrs.  Elma  Spies 

Lorraine 

Mrs.  Florence  Van  Camp 

Philadelphia 

Mrs.  Lila  Miller 

Plessis 

Mrs.  Howard  Ripley 

Livingston 

West  Sparta 

Mrs.  Ivah  L.  Miller 

Montgomery 

Otsquago 

Mrs.  Clarence  H.  Brookman 

Oneida 

Westmoreland 

Mrs.  Ida  Philips 

Otsego 

Hartwick 

Mrs.  Ethel  Chase 

Putnam 

Putnam  Valley 

Margaret  Clark 

Saratoga 

Bemis  Heights 

Mrs.  1 1  ah  D.  Kellogg 

Saratoga 

Mary  Hathaway 

Seneca 

Rose  Hill 

Mrs.  Orville  Covert 

Steuben 

Avoca 

Mrs.  Charles  Newman 

Cohocton 

Mrs.  Samuel  Sick 

Sullivan 

Fosterdale 

Mrs.  William  Kabat 

Midland 

Mrs.  Edna  Yaple 

Tioga 

Nichols 

Mrs.  George  Segar 

Tompkins 

Dryden 

Mrs.  Ida  Carpenter 

East  Lansing 

Mrs.  Laurence  Holden 

Lansingville 

Mrs.  Lila  Stout 

Ulster 

Milton 

Lulu  Clarke 

Rosendale 

Mrs.  Charles  Zaengle 

Stone  Ridge 

Mrs.  Cornelius  Hardenberglt 

Warren 

Lake  Luzerne 

Mrs.  Lula  Hawks 

Mohican 

Mrs.  Jane  Sleight 

Washington 

Cambridge  Valley  Florence  Flynn 

Yates 

Guyanoga  Valley 

Frances  A.  Conley 

11  (365) 


American  Agriculturist,  June  20,  1942 


LICENSE  FOB  TRACTOR 

“I  live  in  New  York  State  and  do  a 
considerable  amount  of  custom  work  for 
other  farmers,  such  as  plowing,  harrow¬ 
ing,  harvesting  corn,  and  combining 
grain.  I  have  a  rubber-tired  tractor  and 
use  a  trailer  to  carry  machines  from  one 
farm  to  another.  Can  I  do  this  without 
securing  from  the  Bureau  of  Motor  Ve¬ 
hicles  a  license  for  the  tractor  or  trailer?’’ 

We  referred  this  to  the  Department 
of  Taxation  and  Finance  at  Albany. 
They  point  out  that  the  law  specifically 
exempts  agricultural  tractors  from 
registration.  However,  at  the  time  the 
law  was  enacted,  tractors  had  steel 
wheels  and  were  used  on  the  highway 
only  for  incidental  hauling  of  farm 
tools  from  one  farm  to  another. 

It  is  the  opinion  of  the  Commis¬ 
sioner  of  Motor  Vehicles  that  farmers 
using  tractor.s  and  trailers  to  take  farm 
produce  to  market  or  to  haul  home 
farm  supplies  should  have  them  regis¬ 
tered.  However,  there  has  been  no 
intent  to  treat  a  tractor  as  a  motor 
vehicle  so  long  as  it  is  used  in  connec¬ 
tion  with  production  or  harvesting  of 
crops.  Under  the  conditions  outlined 
by  our  reader,  the  Commissioner  of 
Motor  Vehicles  holds  that  the  tractor 
and  trailer  are  used  for  agricultural 
purposes,  and  therefore  that  licenses 
are  not  required.  This  policy  will  hold 
unless  some  court  should  make  a  con¬ 
trary  decision. 

— a.  a. — 

ALFALFA 

Will  I  get  more  hay  from  alfalfa  by  i 
making  three  cuttings  a  year  or  two? 

In  most  parts  of  the  Northeast,  three 
cuttings  a  year  shorten  the  life  of  the 
stand.  You  would  probably  get  a  little 
more  hay  this  year  from  three  cuttings, 
but  the  tendency  seems  to  be  toward 
being  satisfied  with  two.  Also,  it  has 
been  found  that  two  cuttings,  both 
made  in  the  early  bloom  stage,  shorten 
the  life  of  the  stand.  It  is  better  to 
allow  alfalfa  to  get  to  the  full  bloom 
stage  each  summer. 

We  suggest  that  you  cut  old  stands 
of  alfalfa  first  and  new  seedings  last. 

—a.  a. — 

HILLING  POTATOES 

Will  potatoes  produce  more  when  they 
are  hilled  up  or  where  level  culture  is 
practiced? 

Experiments  (some  running  back  a 
number  of  years)  show  that  yields  are 
usually  better  with  level  culture.  How¬ 
ever,  there  are  some  advantages  of 
ridging.  The  potatoes  are  easier  to 
dig;  it  helps  some  in  weed  control; 
and  there  is  less  danger  of  sunburn. 
Incidentally,  sunburn  can  largely  be 
prevented  by  deep  planting. 

Probably  the  chief  damage  done  by 
ridging  is  that  in  the  process  a  good 
many  feeding  roots  are  cut  off.  In 
heavy  soil  where  it  seems  advisable  to 
practice  ridging,  it  is  suggested  that 
a  low,  broad  ridge  is  much  better  than 
a  high,  peaked  one. 

—  a.  a. — 

transplanting 

What  is  meant  by  “blocking  out”  plants 
grown  in  flats? 

This  is  a  term  used  by  market  gar¬ 
deners  when  they  cut  the  soil  between 
the  rows  in  a  flat.  It  cannot  be  done 
unless  the  plants  are  properly  spaced 
in  the  flat,  usually  by  transplanting 
from  the  original  flat  into  a  second 
°ne.  If  done  some  days  before  the  final 
transplanting,  blocking  out  is  believed 
to  cause  some  development  of  roots 
within  the  block  of  soil  cut  off  for  each 
plant.  Then  if  the  soil  in  the  flat  is 
thoroughly  soaked  an  hour  or  two  be¬ 
fore  transplanting,  you  can  lift  out  the 
block  of  soil  attached  to  the  roots  so 


that  the  plant  will  get  as  little  shock 
as  possible  when  it  is  put  out  into  the 
garden. 

— a.  a. — 

BUTTERMILK 

How  much  could  I  afford  to  pay  for 
buttermilk  to  feed  to  pigs? 

When  about  a  gallon  of  buttermilk 
is  fed  daily  to  pigs  that  are  kept  in 
dry  lot,  or  about  three  quarts  per  pig 
daily  to  swine  that  have  access  to 
good  pasture  in  addition  to  all  the  corn 
or  barley  the  pigs  will  eat,  buttermilk 
has  a  high  value.  I  believe  one  could 


afford  at  present  pork  prices  to  pay 
35c  co  40c  per  hundred  pounds  for 
buttermilk.  Of  course,  you  could  not 
afford  to  pay  this  price  if  you  had  to 
transport  it  a  great  distance.— J.  Will- 
mar. 

— a.  a.  — 

FARM  DEFERMENT 

What  is  the  status  of  a  man  who  was 
drafted,  served  his  time  in  the  Army,  and 
was  discharged  prior  to  declaration  of 
war?  Can  he  ask  for  deferment  as  a 
farm  worker? 

Yes,  it  is  possible  for  a  man  in  this 


situation  to  get  deferment.  He  should 
keep  his  local  Draft  Board  informed 
of  any  change  in  situation,  and  he  has 
the  same  chance  for  deferment  (either 
for  farm  work  or  for  dependents)  as 
any  other  registrant.  In  such  a  case, 
just  as  with  any  registrant,  it  is  im¬ 
portant  to  know  the  right  procedure 
to  take  and  to  request  deferment  be¬ 
fore  actually  called  into  the  service. 
Likewise,  if  second  deferment  is  wish¬ 
ed,  the  registrant  should  get  in  touch 
with  the  Draft  Board  at  least  three 
weeks  before  his  first  deferment  ex¬ 
pires. 


■.'.■vs/s/Av.- 


Basic  ingredient  of  the  high  explo¬ 
sive  TNT  is  toluol.  In  the  last  war, 
toluol  came  from  coal  tar.  For  this 
war,  the  United  Nations  need 
many  times  as  much  as  the  coal  tar 
industry  can  produce.  Fortunately, 
in  1935  Esso  research  workers,  in 
cooperation  with  the  U.  S.  Army, 
found  a  way  to  make  toluol  syn¬ 
thetically  from  petroleum.  Con¬ 
struction  of  a  large  commercial 
plant  for  the  Army  Ordnance  De¬ 
partment  was  completed  in  Octo¬ 
ber,  1941.  This  plant  more  than 
doubled  America’s  TNT  output. 
This  process  was  also  shared  with 
other  refiners,  so  that  3  out  of  5 
bombs  will  be  filled  with  war 
TNT  derived  from  ESSO-devel- 
oped  toluol. 


OIL  IS  AMMUNITION  •  USE  IT  WISELY • 


(366)  12 


American  Agriculturist,  June  20,  1942 


Market  BaA&metesi 


PRICE  CEILINGS 

The  O.P.A.  recently  announced  an 
increase  in  the  ceiling  on  canned  vege¬ 
tables.  Canners  are  allowed  to  up 
prices  8%  to  cover  increased  manufac¬ 
turing  costs,  plus  any  increased 
amount  paid  to  growers. 

Retail  price  ceilings  are  not  increas¬ 
ed  accordingly.  There  has  been  some 
suggestion  out  of  Washington  that 
some  subsidy  may  be  provided  for  vari¬ 
ous  groups  of  retailers  who  get  squeez¬ 
ed  between  ceiling  prices  on  one  hand 
and  increased  costs  on  the  other! 

— a.  a. — 

POTATO  ACREAGE 

Figures  on  acreage  of  early  potatoes, 
including  fall,  early,  second-early,  and 
intermediate,  show  plantings  about 
5%  less  than  last  year,  but  above  av¬ 
erage. 

New  Jersey  reports  an  acreage  of 
50,500,  compared  to  47,000  last  year. 

Total  U.  S.  acreage  of  early  potatoes 
is  given  as  324,900,  compared  to  342,- 
900  last  year.  Late  potatoes  probably 
will  show  some  small  increase  in  acre¬ 
age.  Goal  has  been  set  for  a  10% 
increase  in  the  total  U.  S.  acreage 
which,  with  normal  weather,  should 
produce  365,000,000  bushels. 

— a.  a. —  * 

RED  KIDNEY  ACREAGE 
DOWN 

There  is  good  evidence  that  the  acre¬ 
age  of  red  kidney  beans  in  New  York 
State  is  considerably  less  than  a  year 
ago.  Some  growers  who  shifted  from 


white  beans  to  red  kidneys  have  re 
cently  shifted  back  to  growing  whites 
and  in  some  western  New  York  areas, 
there  has  also  been  a  big  increase  ir 
soybean  acreage. 

—  a  a. — 

STRAWBERRIES  HIGHER 

This  week  is  likely  to  be  peak  week 
for  New  York  State  strawberries. 
Prices  to  growers  are  reported  a  little 
better  than  last  year,  starting  out  on 
the  Syracuse  Market  at  $6.50  a  crate. 

Chief  difficulty  of  growers  is  to  get 
pickers.  The  government  has  an¬ 
nounced  that  it  is  ready  to  buy  straw¬ 
berries  at  9c  a  quart  under  Lend-Lease, 
to  be  processed  and  shipped  to  Eng¬ 
land. 

—  a.  a.  — 

FARM  PRICES 

New  York  State  farmers  in  May  re¬ 
ceived  prices  for  farm  products  aver¬ 
aging  44%  above  the  corresponding 
months  in  1910-14.  This  was  a  drop 
of  two  points  from  April,  but  a  con¬ 
siderable  increase  over  a  year  ago, 
when  the  index  was  113.  In  recent 
years,  the  highest  prices  were  in  the 
year  1920,  when  the  index  was  217; 
lowest  were  in  1932,  when  the  index 
was  74. 

In  May,  wool  was  bringing  highest 
comparative  price,  with  an  index  of 
225.  In  general,  animals  and  animal 
products  were  above  average.  Excep¬ 
tions  were  horses,  old  sheep,  farm  but¬ 
ter,  and  eggs.  In  general,  crops  were 
below  average. 

The  index  of  weekly  earnings  of  in¬ 


dustrial  workers  in  New  York  State 
stood  at  305  in  April,  compared  with 
257  in  May  a  year  ago. 

The  prices  farmers  pay  are  quite  as 
important  as  the  prices  They  receive. 
In  May,  the  index  for  supplies  purchas¬ 
ed  stood  at  152,  compared  with  1910- 
14,  a  considerable  rise  from  May  when 
the  index  was  125.  In  other  words, 
farmers’  costs  have  been  rising  more 
rapidly  than  their  incomes. 

— a.  a. — 

DAIRY  MONTH 

June  is  Dairy  Month,  a  period  when 
dairy  associations  cooperate  to  spread 
the  gospel  of  more  milk  for  health. 
Consumption  of  milk  and  milk  products 
on  dairy  farms  is  quite  as  important 
as  in  cities.  In  the  first  place,  it  is  one 
of  the  cheapest  foods  a  farm  family 
can  use.  If  it  is  an  economical  food 
for  city  families  at  retail  prices,  cer¬ 
tainly  farm  families  should  use  it  to 
the  limit. 

In  war-time,  some  emphasis  is  given 
to  the  idea  that  food  should  be  con¬ 
sumed  as  close  to  the  point  of  produc¬ 
tion  as  possible,  and  here  again  milk 
fits  right  into  the  picture.  Drink  more 
milk;-  eat  less  foods  that  must  be 
transported  long  distances. 

Last,  but  by  no  means  least,  is  the 
health  angle.  There  is  no  better  source 
of  minerals,  vitamins  and  energy  than 
milk.  Farmers  are  working  even  longer 
hours  than  normally.  A  good  drink  of 
milk  in  the  middle  of  the  morning  and 
again  in  the  afternoon  will  refresh  you 
and  boost  your  energy. 

— a.  a. — 

TRUCK  REGULATIONS 

The  O.T.D.  regulation  (which  has 
been  postponed  until  July  1)  requiring 
contract  truck  haulers  to  secure  at 
least  a  75%  load  on  return  trips  is 
likely  to  cause  confusion  unless  chang¬ 
ed.  (Regulation  does  not  apply  to 
farmer’s  own  truck.) 

New  York  growers  and  farm  leaders 
are  pointing  out  to  Washington  that 
any  big  shift  from  truck  transporta¬ 
tion  of  fruits  and  vegetables  to  rail 
will  work  hardships.  Effort  is  being 
made  to  get  trucks  to  pick  up  and 
bring  back  used  packages.  The  diffi¬ 
culty  there  is  that  a  good  many  fruit 
and  vegetable  growers  have  packages 
on  hand  for  the  coming  season. 

— a.  a. — 

VACCINATION  IN  "BANG- 
FREE”  HERDS 

New  York  State  dairymen  may  now 
add  vaccinated  animals  to  Bang’s- 
disease-free  herds  under  new  instruc¬ 
tions  and  directions  relating  to  added 
cattle  issued  by  the’ New  York  State 
Department  of  Agriculture  and  Mar¬ 
kets.  Since  September,  1941,  more 
than  10,900  calves  have  been  officially 
vaccinated  in  nearly  2700  herds,  while 
applications  are  pending  for  about  500 
more  herds.  The  new  directions  will 
permit  hundreds  of  disease-free  herds 
to  retain  their  classifications  and  take 
advantage  of  the  protection  offered  by 
vaccination. 

Under  the  test  and  slaughter  plan, 
calves  must  pass  two  negative  blood 
tests  at  least  60  days  apart  and  other¬ 
wise  conform  to  requirements  for  add¬ 
ed  cattle  before  being  added  to  a  herd 
operating  under  the  indemnity  plan. 
No  animals  are  eligible  for  indemnity 
if  vaccinated  after  they  have  passed 
eight  months  of  age,  and  18  months 
must  elapse  before  vaccinated  animals 
are  eligible  for  indemnity. 

Under  the  Recorded  and  Approved 
Plan,  vaccinated  calves  should  not  be 
added  to  an  approved  herd  until  they 
have  passed  two  negative  blood  tests 
at  least  60  days  apart  and  otherwise 
conform  to  requirements  for  added 
cattle  under  this  plan. 

Under  the  state  plan  of  calfhood 
vaccination,  vaccinated  calves  may  be 


A.  A.  ON  THE  AIR 

American  Agriculturist  is  on  the  air 
each  day  except  Sunday  over  the  fol¬ 
lowing  stations.  Plan  to  tune  in  to  the 
station  nearest  you. 

WHCU,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  at  870  on  your 
dial,  7:14  A.  M.,  daily  except 
Sunday. 

WHAM,  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  at  1180  on  your 
dial,  6:45  A.  M.,  daily  except 
Sunday. 

WBTA,  Batavia,  N.  Y.,  at  1490  on  your 
dial,  8:20  A.  M.  and  12:05  P.  M., 
daily  except  Sunday. 

WKNE,  Keene,  N.  H.,  at  1290  on  your 
dial,  6:50  A.  M.,  daily  except 
Sunday. 

WTRY,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  at  980  on  your  dial, 
6:30  A.  M.,  daily  except  Sunday. 


brought  upon  the  premises  where  the 
herd  is  being  operated  under  the  plan 
but  may  not  be  added  to  an  approved 
herd  until  the  vaccinated  animals  have 
passed  two  negative  blood  tests  at  least 
60  days  apart. 

Copies  of  the  complete  instructions 
are  available  on  request  to  the  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry,  Department  of 
Agriculture  and  Markets  at  Albany. 

— a.  a. — 

DAIRYMEN’S  LEAGUE 
MEETS 

This  is  the  week  for  the  Annual 
Dairymen’s  League  meeting,  which  is 
being  held  in  Buffalo  on  June  18.  This 
meeting  is  one  of  the  big  farm  meet¬ 
ings  of  the  year. 

The  chief  speaker  is  John  Brandt, 
head  of  Land  O’Lakes  Creameries, 
Minneapolis,  Minnesota,  and  last  year 
President  of  the  National  Cooperative 
Milk  Producers’  Federation. 

Three  League  Directors  are  retiring 
this  year,  namely,  J.  A.  Coulter  of 
the  Jefferson-Lewis  Counties  District; 
H.  J.  Kershaw  of  the  Chenango  Coun¬ 
ty  District,  and  John  Horner  of  the 
Madison-Onondaga  Counties  District. 
These  men  have  given  years  of  service. 
Mr.  Coulter  has  served  continuously  on 
the  Board  since  1922;  Mr.  Kershaw 
since  be  became  a  Director  of  the 
League  in  1914;  and  Mr.  Horner  has 
been  a  member  of  the  Board  since  1935. 

On  June  4,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Coulter 
were  guests  of  honor  at  a  dinner  given 
in  Watertown  by  200  Dairymen’s 
League  members  in  recognition  of  his 
long  service. 

—a.  a. — 

HENS  AT  WAR 

U.  S.  hens  broke  the  record  again 
during  April  with  a  total  output  of 
16,644,443  cases  of  eggs,  which  was 
17%  above  last  year  and  21%  above 
the  ten-year  average. 

The  number  of  hens  on  U.  S.  farms 
in  April  was  14  %  higher  than  the  same 
month  last  year,  and  eggs  laid  per  hen 
also  made  a  new  high. 

During  April,  commercial  hatcheries 
put  out  over  283,000,000  chicks,  the 
largest  output  of  any  month  on  record 
and  19%  above  April  last  year. 

Estimated  output  of  dried  eggs  dur¬ 
ing  April  was  21,700,000  lbs.,  an 
equivalent  of  2,200,000  cases  of  shell 
eggs. 

The  Produce  News,  New  York  City 
trade  paper,  reports  the  egg  situation 
steadier  during  the  first  week  of  June, 
based  largely  on  the  government’s  pur¬ 
chasing  program  for  dried  eggs. 

For  the  week  ending  June  4,  State 
Department  of  Agriculture  and  Mar¬ 
kets  reports  the  egg-feed  ratio  as  7.5. 
This  means  that  at  that  time  it  took 
7  y2  doz.  eggs  to  buy  100  lbs.  of  poultry 
ration.  A  year  ago  it  took  8.1  doz.; 
two  years  ago,  10.8  doz. 

The  Department  reports  the  top 
wholesale  price  for  eggs  in  New  York 
City  during  that  week  as  33c,  com¬ 
pared  to  27c  a  year  ago  and  19c  two 
years  ago. 


IT  TAKES 

More  than  Good  Soil 

TO  MAKE  A  GOOD  FARM 

Yes  —  proper  management  —  careful 
planning  and  plenty  of  hard  work  at 
the  right  time  go  to  make  a  good  farm. 

AND  IT  TAKES 

More  than  POWER 

TO  MAKE  A  GOOD  RADIO  STATION 

WE  HAVE  THE  POWER  BUT  —  it  is 
the  never  ending  effort  on  the  part  of 
its  management  and  agricultural  staff 
that  provides  the  most  complete,  most 
timely  and  most  authentic  agricultural 
programs  OF  ANY  STATION  IN  THE 
EAST. 

WHCU 


870 

ON  YOUR  DIAL 


ITHACA,  N.  Y. 

THE  LEADING  AGRICULTURAL  STATION  OF  THE  EAST 


COLUMBIA 

BROADCASTING 

SYSTEM 


Control  and  Prevent  Disease 


Feed 

(or 

Health 


House 

for 

Health 


We  strive  to  keep  this  herd  healthy. 

Please  Do  Not 
Walk  In  Front 
Of  These  Cows 

We  are  cooperating  under  the  dairy  cattle  health  program  ot  the 
farm  bureau  and  animal  husbandry  extension  service. 


Owner 


Manage 

for 

Health 


Breed 

for 

Health 


Practice  Sanitation  for  Health 


Prrpittd  hy  C  G  firadr  I'M,’ 


American  Agriculturist,  June  20,  1942 

KNOTTER 

TROUBLES 

THE  BIGGEST  single  source  of 
trouble  in  a  grain  binder  is  the 
almost  human  mechanism  which  ties 
the  knot.  The  condition  of  the  bundle 
and  the  twine,  where  a  knot  is  not 
tied,  gives  clues  as  to  what  is  the 
trouble.  In  all  of  the  following  ad¬ 
justments,  proceed  cautiously.  It  usu¬ 
ally  takes  only  a  little  change  to  cor¬ 
rect  the  trouble. 

1.  If  the  band  is  found  clinging  to 
the  knotter  bills,  with  both  ends  cut 
off  square,  you  usually  find  that  the 
twine  disc  is  too  loose  or  the  twine 
tension  too  tight.  Loosen  the  twine 
tension;  and  if  this  doesn’t  correct  the 
trouble,  tighten  the  disc  spring  slight¬ 
ly- 

2.  If  the  broken  band  is  found  on 
the  knotter  bills  with  the  free  end  rag¬ 
ged  or  crushed,  loosen  the  twine  ten¬ 
sion  and  loosen  the  disc  spring  slight¬ 
ly.  If  such  a  band  is  found  with  the 
bundle,  loosen  the  disc  string. 

3.  If  the  band  is  found  with  the 
bundle  with  both  ends  straight  and  free 
from  knots,  but  both  ragged  and 
crushed,  the  tension  it  all  right  but  the 
disc  spring  is  very  tight.  Loosen  it. 

4.  If  the  band  is  found  with  the 
bundle  with  both  ends  bent,  showing 
that  the  knot  was  formed  but  not  com¬ 
pleted,  examine  the  knotter  bills.  The 
spring  which  holds  them  together  may 
be  too  loose  or  the  bills  may  be  worn, 
in  which  case  it  may  be  necessary  to 
replace  them. 

5.  If  the  band  is  found  with  the 
bundle  or  clinging  to  the  bills,  with  the 
knot  perfectly  formed  but  the  band 
broken,  the  bill  spring  is  probably  too 
tight  so  that  the  knot  was  not  releas¬ 
ed  after  it  was  formed.  You  may  find 
the  bills  very  rusty  or  rough,  in  which 
case  they  may  be  smoothed  down  with 
emery  paper. 

6.  If  the  bundle  is  tied  with  a  slip 
noose,  with  the  twine  extending  from 
the  discharged  bundle  to  the  needle 
eye,  you  will  find  that  the  needle  fail¬ 
ed  to  place  the  twine  in  the  disc  holder. 
It  may  have  become  bent  or  it  may 
have  excessive  wear,  in  which  case  a 
new  one  will  need  to  be  put  in. 

The  purpose  of  the  twine  tension  is 
to  take  up  the  slack  as  the  needle  pulls 
the  twine  from  the  box.  The  tension  is 
not  for  the  purpose  of  making  a  tighter 
bundle.  The  tightness  of  the  bundle  is 
regulated  by  adjusting  the  trip  spring 
which  determines  when  the  bundle  is 
discharged.  Larger  or  smaller  bundles^ 
are  made  by  moving  the  compressor 
arm  forward  or  backward.  A  large 
bundle  weighs  heavily  on  the  trip  and, 
therefore,  it  is  usually  necessary  to 
tighten  the  trip  spring  if  you  want 
larger  bundles. 

Cut  out  these  directions  and  put 
them  where  you  can  find  them  when 
harvest  time  comes. 

— a.  a. —  « 

keep  your  cows 

HEALTHY  By  C.  G.  BRADT 

A  SHORT  time  ago,  I  visited  a  dairy 
farmer  in  Cayuga  County  who  at 
once  took  me  down  to  the  barn  to  see 
his  herd.  As  I  entered  the  stable,  I  was 
immediately  greeted  by  a  sign  tacked 
to  a  post  at  the  feed  alley  entrance 
which  said  in  bold,  black  type; 
“PLEASE  DO  NOT  WALK  IN  FRONT 
OF  THESE  COWS”.  It  was  a  warning 
all  right  and  from  the  size  of  the  print, 
there  was  no  mistake  in  my  mind  that 
it  meant  business.  Nearing  the  sign,  I 
J’ead  in  smaller  type,  “We  strive  to 
keep  this  herd  healthy,”  and  “We  are 
cooperating  under  the  dairy  cattle 
wealth  program  of  the  Farm  Bureau 
and  the  Animal  Husbandry  Extension 
ervice.”  I  did  not  walk  in  front  of  his 
cows  and  I  do  not  believe  many  will 


when  they  read  that 
sign. 

Here  was  a  dairyman 
who  had  an  appreciation 
of  the  value  of  a  healthy 
herd.  He  told  me  his 
herd  was  accredited  for 
tuberculosis,  blood  test¬ 
ed  and  free  of  Bang’s 
disease.  Mastitis  and 
other  miscellaneous  ail¬ 
ments  were  not  trouble¬ 
some.  “I  am  not  tak¬ 
ing  any  unnecessary 
chances,”  he  said,  “of 
permitting  strangers  to 
walk  in  front  of  my 
cows  and  perhaps  bring 
some  harmful  disease 
germs  where  my  cattle 
can  get  them  in  their 
mouths.”  This  sign  he  pointed  out, 
was  obtained  from  his  Farm  Bureau. 

This  sign  which  I  saw  in  this  barn 
naturally  led  us  to  talking  about  herd 
health.'  I  said,  your  dairy  has  a  pretty 
good  health  record;  no  TB,  no  Bang’s 
disease  and  little  or  no  mastitis.  How 
do  you  do  it? 

“Well”,  he  remarked,  “there  are 


many  angles  to  that  question  of  how 
to  keep  a  herd  healthy.  Most  folks 
think  that  health  is  a  matter  of  curing 
disease  after  it  strikes  a  herd,  but  my 
theory  is  to  work  on  the  other  end  of 
the  problem,  the  prevention  side.  Don’t 
let  the  disease  strike  in  the  first  place; 
that  is,  if  you  can  help  it.  Many  peo¬ 
ple  get  careless  when  things  are  going 


13  (  367) 

well  but  they  get  all  ‘het-up’  when 
things  turn  against  them;  when  cows 
begin  to  abort  and  udders  go  bad.  Then, 
it  is  usually  too  late  to  do  much  about 
it.  I  try  to  keep  ahead  of  the  disease 
by  just  following  sound  common  sense 
methods  of  herd  management  all  the 
time,  not  just  once  in  a  while.” 

He  stopped  and  pointed  to  that  sign 
again. 

“There  is  a  sound  herd  health  pro¬ 
gram.  See  what  it  says  around  the 
edges  of  that  poster.” 

I  looked  carefully.  Here  is  what  I 
read:  “Control  and  Prevent  Disease”, 
“Feed  for  Health”,  “Breed  for  Health”, 
“House  for  Health”,  “Manage  for 
Health”,  and  “Practice  Sanitation  for 
Health.” 

Those  are  the  things  that  count 
most,  that  dairyman  told  me.  A  well- 
rounded  program  of  herd  health  on  the 
dairy  farm;  all  the  time.  That  is  the 
way,  he  said,  to  keep  a  herd  healthy 
and  in  the  pink  of  producing  condition. 
I  did  not  argue  the  point.  I  knew  he 
was  right. 

I  have  told  you  this  little  story  of 
( Continued  on  Page  17) 


// 


■  *  “vX;!;.;., 

,<  X-’-XiIjs 

*$<c- 

>•  «? 

>- 

J 


> 


/ 


For  Victory, 
Buy  United  States 
War  Bonds! 


r  SINCE  OCTOBER,  1941 

OLDSMOBILE  HAS  TURNED  OUT 
%  THOUSANDS  UPON  THOUSANDS  OF 
:  AUTOMATIC  AIRPLANE  CANNON! 

FILLING  the  skies  with  swarms  of  deadly 

flying  cannon”.  .  .  helping  to  give  the  forces 
Qf  preecJom  invincible  control  of  the  air  .  .  . 
that  s  Oldsmobile’s  job!  And  it’s  a  job  that’s  going  forward 
full  speed  ahead — 24  hours  every  day,  7  days  every  week.  Thou¬ 
sands  of  automatic  airplane  cannon  already  have  rolled  off 
the  lines.  Other  untold  thousands  will  come.  And  in  addition, 
high-caliber  shell  by  the  millions  have  been  produced.  The 
men  and  women  of  Oldsmobile  realize  how  much  depends  on 
them  —  their  speed,  their  accuracy,  their  skill  at  their  tasks. 
“Keep  ’Em  Firing!”  is  their  war-cry.  Victory  is  their  goal! 


OLDSMOBILE 


GENERAL  MOTORS 


DIVISION  i 
OF 

★  VOLUME  PRODUCER  OF  “FIRE-POWER”  FOR  THE  U.  S.  A.  * 


/ 


(36S)  14 


American  Agriculturist,  June  20,  1942 


Kilborne  Brothers,  International  Harvester  Dealers  at  Moravia,  New  York,  have 
been  doing  their  bit  in  the  International  Harvester  scrap  metal  program.  Farmers 
received  more  than  $2,000  for  the  205  tons  of  scrap  shown  in  this  picture. 


REPAIRS:  Farmers  of  the  North- 

east  have  done'  wonders 
this  year  in  putting  available  farm  ma¬ 
chinery  in  shape.  Farm  equipment  com¬ 
panies  have  done  their  share  by  furnish¬ 
ing  much  detailed  information.  For  ex¬ 
ample,  there  is  the  booklet  “Your  Farm 
Equipment — Take  Care  of  It  and  Make  It 
Do.”  This  booklet  is  available  without 
cost  from  the  INTERNATIONAL  HAR¬ 
VESTER  COMPANY,  180  North  Michi¬ 
gan  Ave.,  Chicago,  Illinois.  An  easy  way 
to  get  it  is  to  clip  the  coupon  which  you 
will  find  on  page  7  of  this  issue. 

RAY  COSTS:  The  J-  L  CASE  COM~ 

PANY  have  assem¬ 
bled  some  figures  on  the  cost  of  making 
hay  by  various  methods.  These  figures 
have  been  published  in  a  little  booklet 
called  “What  Does  It  Cost  to  Make 
Hay?”  They  are  particularly  interesting 
this  year  inasmuch  as  every  farmer  is 


'MAPS  WIEL  QUIT 
REFORE  I  DO” 

When  he  gets  old,  Isaac  Lewis,  age  82, 
“may  think  about  retirement,”  but  not 
while  there’s  a  war  going  on  and  when 
he  holds  such  an  important’  place  in  the 
production  of  war  materials  in  the  plants 
of  THE  FIRESTONE  TIRE  &  RUBBER 
COMPANY.  “Ike,”  as  he  is  affectionate¬ 
ly  and  respectfully  called  by  his  fellow 
war  workers,  puts  in  eight  hours  of  first- 
class  work,  seven  days  a  week,  sharpen¬ 
ing  the  cutting  edges  of  precision  machine 
tools  used  in  the  manufacturing  of  Bofors 
anti-aircraft  guns  and  other  war  equip¬ 
ment  being  turned  out  in  mass  produc¬ 
tion  quantities  by  Firestone.  In  1911, 
when  he  was  a  young  man  of  51  years, 
the  octogenarian  started  to  work  for 
Firestone.  “And  I’m  going  to  keep  work¬ 
ing,”  Ike  says,  “as  long  as  I  have  such 
good  eyesight  and  health.  Those  Japs 
and  Nazis  are  going  to  give  up  long  be¬ 
fore  I  do.” 


trying  to  keep  costs  and  labor  down  to 
a  minimum.  You  can  get  a  copy  of  the 
booklet  by  writing  to  the  J.  I.  Case  Co., 
360  West  Jefferson  St.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

VITAMINS:  A  lack  of  Vitamin  A 

in  poultry  rations 

produces  a  long  list  of  symptoms,  in¬ 
cluding  loss  of  appetite,  diarrhea,  loss  of 
weight,  and  many  others.  NATIONAL 

OIL  PRODUCTS,  First  and  Essex 

Streets,  Harrison,  N.  J.,  make  this  recom¬ 
mendation  : 

“Make  sure  every  pound  of  poultry  feed 
you  use  contains  the  maximum  amount 
of  true  Vitamin  A  from  fish  liver  oils 
permitted  by  government  regulations. 
PLUS  alfalfa  and  yellow  corn  of  the 

highest  possible  carotene  (pro-Vitamin  A) 
content.” 


TRACTORS:  A  post  card  to  GULF 
FARM  AIDS,  Room 
3800,  Gulf  Building,  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  will 
bring  you  the  “Gulf  Farm  Tractor  Guide,” 
a  60-page  manual  that  will  help  you  save 
repairs  and  get  longer  life  from  your 
tractor. 

“WARTIME  TRACTORS  —  How  to 
Make  Them  Work  Harder  and  Last  Long¬ 
er,”  is  the  subject  of  a  new  book  which 
the  ETHYL  CORPORATION,  Chrysler 
Building,  New  York  City,  will  be  glad  to 
send  you  on  request. 


PROFITS: 


PURINA  MILLS  of  Buf¬ 
falo,  N.  Y.,  St.  Johns- 
bury,  Vt,,  and  Wilmington,  Del.,  have 
developed  the  Purina  Dairy  Cycle  Plan. 
Included  are  directions  for  feeding  dry 
cows,  raising  heifers,  and  feeding  the 
milking  herd.  A  book  outlining  the  plan 
is  available  either  from  your  Purina  deal¬ 
er  or  from  Purina  Mills. 


HENS:  Northeastern  dairymen  have 
accepted  Limeroll,  a  new 
poultry  feed  supplement  combining  the 
functions  of  shell  and  grit,  with  enthusi¬ 
asm.  The  product  is  made  by  ALLIED 
MINERALS,  INC.,  West  Chelmsford, 
Mass.  Pl^,ns  are  being  made  to  supply 
the  unusually  heavy  demand  at  the  earli¬ 
est  possible  moment. 

RUG  YEAR:  Reports  from  farmers 
indicate  that  bugs  are 
unusually  plentiful  and  all  set  to  help  Hit¬ 
ler,  Mussolini,  and  Hirohito  by  devouring 
food  crops.  The  COOPERATIVE  G.L.F., 
on  page  2  of  the  June  6  issue,  gives  a 
timely,  helpful  table  showing  control 
methods  for  insects  on  gardens  and  crops. 
Keep  it  where  you  can  refer  to  it  as  you 
need  it 

PLANS:  The  celotex  corpora- 

TION,  919  N.  Michigan 
Ave.,  Chicago,  Ill.,  have  prepared  a  series 
of  twelve  plans  for  farm  buildings  and 
remodeling  farm  buildings.  These  are 
available  at  retail  lumber  dealers  in  most 
farm  communities. 


Summer  Poultry 
Problems  /??  2.  e. 


Insulate  Against  Summer 
Heat 

INSULATION  is  working  wonders  in 
poultry  houses.  The  litter  is  drier, 
the  pens  more  comfortable  in  winter. 
Egg  production  is  steadier.  Ventila¬ 
tion  is  better.  There  is  less  freezing 
of  water  lines.  Perhaps  you  are  one 
of  the  many  who  have  determined  to 
insulate  at  least  the  ceiling  of  the  poul¬ 
try  house  before  another  winter.  En¬ 
gineers  tell  us  that  about  75  per  cent 
of  the  heat  loss  from  a  room  is  through 
the  ceiling.  Obviously  that  is  the 
place  to  start. 

But  why  wait  until  fall  to  do  the 
insulating?  As  long  as  you  are  going 
to  do  it  eventually,  why  not  now,  and 
get  double  the  benefit?  Insulation 
helps  to  keep  out  the  heat  in  summer. 
Cooler  laying  pens  are  more  comfort¬ 
able  for  the  layers.  You  will  get  more 
eggs  per  day,  and  more  of  the  hens 
will  continue  to  lay  late  into  next  fall. 

Cornell  has  a  bulletin,  HOMES  FOR 
LAYING  HENS,  that  tells  how  to  in¬ 
sulate,  and  what  materials  to  use. 
Your  county  agricultural  agent  has  one 
for  you,  or  you  can  write  to  the  col¬ 
lege  for  it. 

— a.  a. — 

Coxy  is  Different 

Where  there’s  chicks  there’s  cocci- 
diosis.  You  may  not  see  it.  It  may 
not  harm  the  chicks.  But  it’s  always 
there,  ready  to  start  trouble  the  minute 
the  guards  are  down. 

You  can  control  most  diseases  by 
keeping  out  all  infection.  That’s  true 
of  pullorum  disease,  bronchitis,  also 
round  worms  and  tape  worms.  Not  so 
with  “coxy.”  No  matter  how  much 
you  scrape  and  scrub  and  spray  you 
can  be  sure  that  some  of  the  “oocysts” 
are  still  around.  Or  they  soon  will  be 
there. 

Hens  a  year  old  or  more  ne^er  have 
coxy.  Why?  It  is  not  because  of 
their  age.  That  has  been  proven.  It 
is  because  their  bodies  have  built  up 
immunity  against  the  disease.  It  is  as 
though  they  had  vaccinated  themselves 
against  coxy.  This  is  the  way  it  hap¬ 
pens. 

A  few  at  a  time  the  oocysts  get  into 
the  chick’s  digestive  tract.  The  chick 
is  vigorous  and  growing  and  eating 
well.  It  quickly  overcomes  the  invad¬ 
ers  and  drives  them  out.  Another  de¬ 
tachment  enters  and  makes  its  attack. 
That  “salient  is  pinched  off”  as  the 
first  one  was.  Thus  little  by  little  the 
chick’s  defenses  against  coxy  are  built 
up  to  where  they  are  impregnable. 

The  lesson  in  all  this  is  that  to  pro¬ 
tect  your  chicks  against  coxy,  and  to 
help  them  build  up  resistance  to  it,  you 
must  do  two  things;  keep  the  chicks 
in  a  vigorous,  active  condition,  and 
keep  the  numbers  of  invading  organ¬ 
isms  down.  Deep,  dry  litter,  sanitary 
conditions  on  the  range,  good  feed  and 
plenty  of  it,  roomy  quarters,  protec¬ 
tion  from  extremes  of  temperature, 
these  are  the  munitions  in  the  war 
against  coxy. 

—  A.  A. — 

Dead  Hens  Are  Not 
Geraniums 

Why  do  poultrymen  leave  dead  birds 
exposed  to  public  gaze?  If  there  is 
any  one  thing  that  gives  an  unfavor¬ 
able  impression  of  a  poultry  plant  and 
its  owner  it  is  dead  hens  scattered 
about  the  premises.  Sometimes  they 
are  in  the  feed  room.  Often  on  the 
manure  pile.  Recently  I  saw  a  dead 
bird  on  the  lawn  where  the  dog  had 
dragged  it. 

Unsightly?  Yes,  and  a  little  dis¬ 
gusting.  But  worse  than  that,  dead 
birds  may  be  disease  hazards.  And  it 


is  all  quite  unnecessary  and  inexcus¬ 
able.  It  is  not  so  difficult  as  most  peo¬ 
ple  think  to  master  this  situation. 

The  old  recommendation  has  been  to 
“burn  or  bury  all  dead  birds.”  You 
can  burn  dead  chicks  easily  enough — 
if  you  are  using  a  coal  brooder.  Burn¬ 
ing  adult  birds  is  not  so  easy.  Oil 
drum  incinerators  are  used,  but  they 
are  far  from  satisfactory.  The  most 
practical  suggestion,  it  seems  to  me,  is 
made  by  the  Department  of  Agricul¬ 
tural  Engineering  at  Cornell.  Dig  a 
good  sized  hole  at  the  edge  of  the  gar¬ 
den  or  some  other  spot  not  too  far 
from  the  poultry  house,  and  cover  it 
with  a  platform.  Leave  one  plank 
loose  so  that  dead  birds  can  be  thrown 
in  easily.  Lime  liberally  dusted  over 
the  carcasses  will  keep  down  the  odor. 
When  the  grave  is  partly  filled  shovel 
in  the  dirt  and  dig  a  new  one. 

—  a.  a. — 

Too  Many  Brooder  House 
Fires 

Said  my  wise-cracking  friend  to  me, 
“Do  you  know  Fat  Bums  over  on  West 
Hill?”  “No,”  said  I.  “Oh,  yes,”  said 
Bill,  “fat  will  burn  anywhere.”  It  is 
just  the  same  with  brooder  houses. 
Not  many  persons  have  been  in  the 
poultry  business  10  years  without  at 
least  one  brooder  house  fire. 

As  I  walked  down  the  line  between 
Alan  Bulkley’s  two  long  rows  of  brood¬ 
er  houses,  each  with  its  sunporch,  he 
pointed  to  a  vacancy.  A  fire  had  left 
only  charred  evidence  of  where  a  lot 
of  chicks  had  perished.  A  few  years 
ago  I  went  to  an  evening  meeting  in 
Cortland.  A  strong  wind  came  up  and 
I  thought  of  the  coal  brooder  at  home 
with  no  draft  regulator.  All  the  way 
back  to  Ithaca  I  worried.  As  I  got 
nearer  home  I  watched  for  the  glow 
that  would  tell  me  that  I  was  too  late. 
Fortunately  the  peat  moss  litter  was 
damp.  The  stove  still  stood  upright, 
but  it  rested  on  the  ground.  A  big 
hole  in  the  floor  was  outlined  in  the 
dark  by  a  glowing  ring.  It  never  did 
get  a  chance  to  break  into  a  blaze. 
A  hatchery  owner  tells  me  that  care¬ 
less  people  lose  their  brooder  houses 
because  they  let  too  much  litter  get 
packed  under  and  around  oil  brooders. 
I  suppose  that  a  faulty  bit  of  wiring  or 
loose  connection  might  make  a  fire 
hazard  of  even  an  electric  brooder. 

Most  fires  are  preventable.  Preven¬ 
tion  is  a  matter  of  care,  forethought 
and  alertness. 

—  A.  A.— 

Deeper  Litter 

Deep,  built-up  litter  has  become  an 
accepted  rule  for  laying  houses.  Do 
you  realize  that  deep  litter  is  just  as 
significant  in  a  brooder  house?  The 
idea  is  not  new.  Many  people  have 
( Continued  on  opposite  page) 


American  Agriculturist,  June  20,  1942 


16  (369) 


Baby  Chicks 


WHITLOCK 

BABY  $  1  A 

I"  CHICKS.../  1.U#  100 

EGGS  FOR  $  /  per 
MATCHING ....  O  ©  K)0 

Special  Priqe  on  LARGE  ORDERS 

I  AH  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100% 

■  State  Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube  Agglut.  TOL- 
MAN’S  CHICKS  famous  for  RAPID  GROWTH. 
EARLY  MATURITY,  Profitable  EGG  YIELD. 
_  Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters  or 
I  market  eggs.  Send  for  FREE  Circular. 


JOSEPH 


I  SPECIALIZE  ONE  BREED,  ONE 
GRADE  at  ONE  PRICE. 


TOLMAN 


Dept.  B, 

ROCKLAND 

MASS. 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


Hatches  Mon.-Tues.-Wed.-Thurs.  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ $8.00  $14.00  $2.50 

Black  or  White  Minorcas _  8.00  14.00  3.00 

B.  &W.  Rox,  R.  I.  Reds,  W.  Wy.  8.00  12.00  7.00 

Red-Roek  or  Rock-Red  Cross..  8.00  12.00  7.00 

Jersey  White  Giants _ 10.00  12.00  3.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAA  SUP.1_I2.00  lfi.00  7.00 

H  Mix  $7;  HEAVY  BROILER  CHIX,  no  sex  guar., 
$6.75:  STARTED  LEG.  PLTS.,  3  to  6  wks.  old.  Breed¬ 
ers  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D.,  100%  live  del.  Postage 
Paid.  AMERICAN  SEXORS  ONLY."  95%  Accuracy. 

C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


Chicks  That  Live 


Our  34  years  of  fair  dealing  insure 
satisfaction.  Hatches  every  week. 
Write  for  prices. 

KERR  CHICKERIES,  Inc. 

21  Railroad  Ave.  Frenchtown,  N.  J. 


NACE’S  QUALITY  CHICKS 


We  pay  postage.  Safe  delivery  guaranteed. 
HANSON  OR  ENGLISH  LARGE  100  100  100 

TYPE  WHITE  LEGHORNS  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls 

R. O.P.  SIRED  - - $7.00  $14.00  $2.00 

S.  C.  Everpay  Br.  Leghorns _  7.00  14.00  2.00 

Bar.  and  White  Rocks _  8.00  12.00  7.00 

N.  H.  and  R.  I.  Reds -  8.00  12.00  6.00 

Heavy  Mixed  -  6.50  10.00  16.00 

From  Free  range  Flocks.  Sexed  Pullets  Guar.  95% 

accurate.  Order  from  ad  or  write  for  Catalog 

J.  N.  NACE  POULTRY  FARM  &  HATCHERY. 
Box  A.  RICHFIELD.  PENNSYLVANIA. 


STONEY  RUN  CHICKS 

Cash  or  C.O.D.  100%  live  STR.  PLTS.  CKLS. 

Delivery  Guaranteed  100  100  100 

English  White  Leghorns _ $  8.00  $15.00  $2  00 

DIRECT  HANSON  WH  LEGHORNS  10.00  17.00  3.00 

Bar.  Wh.  Rocks  &  R.  I.  Reds _  9.00  12.00  7.00 

Special  N.  H.  Reds -  12.00  17.00  7.00 

H.  Mix  $8.-100.  Write  for  our  1942  Catalog  for  details 


of  our  15  yrs.  breeding  program  that  makes  more  money 
for  our  large  family  of  Poultry  Raisers.  All  Breeders 
Bloodtested.  RESERVE  Your  Chicks  Today. 

STONEY  RUN  HATCHERY, 

H.  M.  Leister.  Owner,  Box  A.  McALISTERVILLE.  PA. 


CHERRY  HILL  CHICKS 


Twenty-Five  year's  of  Breeding  and  Hatching  Experi¬ 
ence,  Assures  you  the  highest  quality.  Tested  for  B.W.D. 
Postage  Paid.  Catalog  FREE.  Live  Delivery. 

Pullets  Guar.  95%  Accurate.  Per  100  100  100 

BIG  R.O.P.  SIRED  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS  . ..$7.50  $14.00  $2.00 

White  or  Barred  Rocks _  8.00  11.00  7.00 

New  Hamps.  or  S.  C.  R.  I.  Reds  9.00  13.00  6.00 

Less  than  100  add  1c  ner  chick.  Also  Started  Chicks 
„  CHERRY  HILL  POULTRY  FARM. 

Wm.  Nace,  (Prop.)  Box  A,  McALISTERVI  LLE.  PA. 


ENGLISH 

WHITE 

LEGHORN 


PULLETS 


f  weeks  old,  35c,  COCKERELS  same  breed  and  age 
10c.  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  REDS,  4  weeks  old  (we  do 
not  sex  these)  24c.  All  chicks  from  healthy,  well  pay- 
mg  flocks.  Shipped  by  express  collect. 

A  10%  deposit  books  order. 

FAIRVIEW  HATCHERY.  THERESA,  NEW  YORK 


REDUCED  SUMMER  PRICES 

WENE^T  CHICKS 


Leading  pure  or  crossbreeds.  Sexed.  U.  S.  N.  J.  Approved.  Blood- 
«Mea.  Batches  weekly  year  around.  Literature  FREE. 

WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  Box  F-4  ,  VINELAND,  N.  J. 


SPECIAL  PRICED  CHICKS 


FEW  WEEKS  ONLY.  UNSEXED  PLTS. 

Pullorum  Tested  Breeders.  100  100 

Wh.,  Bl.  &  Buff  Leghorns _  $7.00  $13.00 

Barred.  Wh.  &  Buff  Rocks _  7.50  12.00 

Red  -  Rock  Cross,  New  Hamps..  7.75  12.50 

i i1iV?leciiate  Shipment.  C.O.D.  Postage  Paid. 
LtVAN’S  CHICKERY,  Box  A,  Bloomsburg,  R.  I, 


CKI.! 
10< 
$3.1 
6.! 
7.1 


( Continued  from  opposite  page) 
discovered  that  with  deeper  litter  it  is 
easier  to  keep  the  brooder  house  dry. 
There  is  less  trouble  with  coccidiosis. 
Yet  I  see  brooder  houses  with  so  little 
litter  on  the  floor  you  would  think  that 
it  costs  a  fortune  and  must  be  used 
very,  very  sparingly. 

On  such  floors  the  droppings  have 
almost  no  chance  to  roll  up  and  dis¬ 
appear.  When  you  walk  across  the 
floor  you  think  of  a  skating  rink,  and 
pray  that  this  time  your  feet  don’t  fly 
out  from  under  you.  And  what  a  floor 
that  will  be  to  clean! 

— A.  a. — 

BRUCKNER  HEADS 
POULTRY  DEPARTMENT 

New  Head  of  the  Poultry  Depart¬ 
ment  at  the  New  York  State  College 
of  Agriculture  at  Ithaca  is  Dr.  J.  H. 
Bruckner,  who  for  the  past  two  years 
has  been  Acting  Head  of  the  Depart¬ 
ment.  He  is  the  third  man  to  hold  the 
position,  the  first  being  Professor 
James  E.  Rice,  now  retired  and  living 
at  Mexico,  New  York,  and  the  second 
Professor  F.  B.  Hutt,  who  is  now  con¬ 
nected  with  zoology  and  animal  gen¬ 
etics  at  Cornell. 

Dr.  Bruckner,  a  native  of  Montana, 
graduated  from  Purdue  University  in 
Indiana  in  1930  and  earned  his  Doctor’s 
Degree  at  Cornell  in  1935.  He  has  been 
a  member  of  the  College  Extension 
staff,  an  inspector  for  the  State  Offi¬ 
cial  Poultry  Breeders’  Cooperative,  was 
in  charge  of  the  State  Conservation 
Department’s  Game  Farm  for  three 
years,  and  operated  a  poultry  farm 
with  3,000  layers  for  a  year. 

Dr.  Bruckner  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Association  for  the  Advance¬ 
ment  of  Science,  the  American  Genetic 
Association,  the  Poultry  Science  Asso¬ 
ciation,  Sigma  Xi,  the  Genetics  So¬ 
ciety  of  America,  and  others. 

— A.  a. — 

PULLORUM  CONTROL 

Governor  Lehman  recently  signed  a 
bill  appropriating  $5,000  to  set  up  a 
new  program  for  controlling  pullorum 
disease  in  New  York  State  chickens. 
Appropriation  will  cover  part  of  the 
cost  of  testing.  Total  cost  to  poultry- 
men  who  enroll  in  the  program  is  esti¬ 
mated  at  less  than  2c  a  bird. 

The  program  will  be  under  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  the  State  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture  and  Markets.  Complete  de¬ 
tails  of  the  plan  will  be  available  about 
July  -1.  It  is  pointed  out  that  disease- 

— A  A.— 

SULPHUR 

There  has  been  considerable  discus¬ 
sion  recently  of  the  use  of  sulphur  as 
a  weapon  against  coccidiosis.  One 
recommendation  is  to  feed  this  in  the 
mash,  but  the  use  of  sulphur  around 
the  brooder  house  has  also  given  good 
results  in  some  cases.  Here  is  how  it 
is  done: 

Ground  commercial  flowers  of  sul¬ 
phur  are  used  at  the  rate  of  1  lb.  per 
100  sq.  ft.  This  is  sifted  on  the  ground 
just  before  a  rain,  or  the  sulphur  is 
washed  into  the  ground  by  use  of  a 
hose.  This  sulphur  creates  an  acid 
condition  in  the  soil  which  seems  to  be 
unfavorable  for  the  development  of 
coccidia  as  well  as  the  slugs  whicft  are 
intermediate  hosts  of  tape  worms. 

If  you  want  to  grow  a  crop  on  this 
ground  later,  it  is  necessary  to  add 
about  3  lbs.  of  ground  limestone  for 
every  pound  of  sulphur  you  added. 


DAY  OLD  AND  STARTED  CHICKS.  Bloudtest. 
Breeders.  Write  for  our  1942  prices.  Prompt  shipmer 

ROSELAWN  CHICK  FARM,  Box  A.  McAlisterville.  P 

CHICKS _ Catalog  FREE.  Write:  McAlistervil 

Poultry  Farm,  McAlisterville.  P 

James  P.  Monaghan,  Sussex,  N.  J. 


BFRrrDC,?ICKS'  Free  Catalog.  C.  M.  SHELLE 
RERGERS  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  37,  Richfield, 


POm^w  IC-KS-  Catalog  FREE.  Write:  JUNIA 
POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A,  RICHFIELD,  PENI 


—  A.  A. — 

COCCIDIOSIS 

CORRECTION 

There  was  an  error  in  the  statement 
on  page  14  of  the  June  6  issue  relative 
to  coccidiosis.  Instead  of  2  lbs.  of  flow¬ 
ers  of  sulphur  per  100  lbs.  of  mash,  the 
Cornell  'Veterinary  College  recom¬ 
mends  5  lbs.  to  95  lbs.  of  mash. 


The  Louisiana  State  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tion  found  that  2  lbs.  of  flowers  of  sul¬ 
phur  plus  5  lbs.  of  charcoal  were  equal¬ 
ly  effective. 

— A.  A. 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Soon  New  York  City’s  new  half- 
million-dollar  live  poultry  terminal,  lo¬ 
cated  in  Long  Island  City,  will  open 
for  business.  For  years  charges  have 
been  made,  backed  by  considerable  evi¬ 
dence,  that  there  has  been  much 
racketeering  in  the  handling  of  live 
poultry  in  New  York  City. 

In  an  attempt  to  correct  this  situa¬ 
tion,  the  New  York  City  Council  is 
considering,  and  will  probably  enact, 
new  regulations.  The  most  important 
of  these  are: 

Live  poultry  buyers  will  not  be 
licensed  both  as  commission  men  and 
as  direct  buyers.  They  must  do  all 
business  either  one  way  or  the  other. 

Weighmasters,  who  are  now  Union 
men  employed  by  buyers,  will  become 
City  Civil  Service  employees. 

Poultry  sold  at  wholesale  at  the  new 
terminal  will  be  sold  only  by  grade, 
and  graders  will  be  employees  of  the 
U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture. 

—  A.  A. — 

Farmers  Carrying 
Fight  to  Lewis 

( Continued  from  Page  6) 

an  investment  of  $20,000  or  more,  will 
be  lucky  if  they  can  show  a  return  of 
one-third  of  that  in  a  year?  Demands 
of  these  Chicago  drivers  sound  in¬ 
credible,  but  those  are  the  facts. 

That  one  item  of  milk  drivers’  sal¬ 
aries  alone  is  one  of  the  main  reasons 
for  the  big  spread  between  what  the 
dairyman  gets  and  what  the  consumer 
pays.  Yet  those  same  milk  drivers, 
their  wives,  and  members  of  every  city 
labor  union  insist  that  the  retail  price 
of  milk  must  be  low.  If  the  retail  price 
is  low,  and  the  dealers  and  the  labor 
union  members  take  out  their  wages 
and  profits,  how  much  will  be  left  for 
the  dairymen? 

Another  example  which  shows  why 
the  interests  of  labor  unions  and  farm¬ 
ers  conflict  is  what  happened  with  the 
milk  drivers  in  New  York  City  just  re¬ 
cently.  The  milk  distributors,  backed 
by  strong  public  sentiment,  were  con¬ 
sidering  the  possibility  of  distributing 
fluid  milk  every  other  day.  Obviously 
this  would  have  cut  the  cost  of  distri¬ 
bution  materially  and  saved  gas  and 
tires.  But  the  milk  drivers,  through 
their  labor  unions,  got  together,  and 
with  the  help  of  politicians  forced  the 
milk  distributors  to  continue  their 
present  policy  of  delivering  every  day. 

Owing  to  the  active  and  united  op¬ 
position  of  all  the  farm  organizations, 
both  in  the  New  York  milk  shed  and 
across  the  country,  the  United  Mine 
Workers  have  so  far  made  little 
progress  in  signing  up  farmers.  Meet¬ 
ings  of  organizers  of  the  United  Mine 
Workers  in  this  territory  have  been  a 
flop,  with  small  attendance  and  with 
bitter  personal  attacks  on  farm  lead¬ 
ers  and  farm  organizations.  No  con¬ 
structive  suggestions  for  raising  the 
price  of  milk  have  been  put  forward, 
and,  as  a  result,  few  dairymen  have 
signed  the  United  Mine  Workers  agree¬ 
ment.  Some  who  did  sign  have  writ¬ 
ten  to  Free  Farmers  saying  that  they 
made  a  mistake,  didn’t  know  the  facts, 
and  asking  how  they  can  withdraw. 

All  of  which  bears  out  the  statement 
made  time  and  again  by  those  who 
know  and  respect  farmers,  that  when 

farmers  have  the  facts  their  judgment 
can  be  relied  upon. 

But  “The  price  of  liberty  is  eternal 
vigilance.”  The  fact  that  Lewis  and 
his  Mine  Workers  have  been  stopped 
temporarily  may  be  dangerous  unless 
we  keep  watch  of  the  situation  and  are 
organized  to  act  when  the  need  comes. 


Baby  Chicks 


"Mack 
Leaf  40 


=  OUR  " 


JUST  A 


"Cap-Brush"  Applicator 
makes  "BLACK  LEAF  40" 

GO  MUCH  FARTHER 


DASH  IN  FEATHERS.. 


OR  SPREAD  ON  ROOSTS 


r~) 

4 


PROTECT  CHICKS  FOR  LIFE 


Against  TRACHEITIS  &  FOWL 

with  Wen©  U.S.  Licensed  Vaccines. 

Cost  is  less  than  one  egg  per  bird.  No 
physical  setback.  Information  free. 


POX 


FREE  book  oh 

POULTRY  DISEASES 


Wens  Poultry  Laboratories,  Dept. /-F4, Vineland,  N.  J. 


ULSH  FARMS  CHICKS 

All  Breeders  carefully  culled  and  Bloodtested.  Order 
direct.  Satisfaction  and  safe  arrival  Guar.  Cat,1  Free. 
Shipments  Mon.  &  Tliurs.  —  Unsexed,  Pullets,  Cock’ls 
Postage  Paid.  Will  Ship  C.O.D.  per  100  per  100  per  100 
Large  White  or  Brown  Leghoms_$8.00  $14.00  $3.00 

Black  Leghorns  or  Anconas _  8.50  15.00  4.00 

Barred,  White  &  Buff  Rocks _  8.50  12.00  8.00 

K.  I.  Reds— New  Hampshires _  8.50  12.50  7.50 

Red-Rocks  or  Rock-Red  Cross _  8.50  12.00  8.00 

Heavy  or  Light  Assorted _  6.00  12.00  5.00 

IMMEDIATE  DEL.  Sexing  95%.  Our  21st  year. 
ULSH  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A.  Port  Trevorton,  Pa. 


SQUABS 


war  s-q-u-a-b-s  wanted 

Raised  in  25  days,  top  poultry  prices.  Why  breed  for 
small  profit  trade?  City  marketmen  want  all  you  can 
ship.  Free  book  has  detailed  accounts  by  know-how 
breeders.  Write  today  for  it  and  our  low 
prices  for  easily-raised  war-time  food. 

RICE  FARM,  206  How.  St.,  Melrose,  Mass. 


TURKEYS 


QUALITY  POULTS— 5  BEST  BREEDS.  Write  for 
Circular.  SEIDELTON  FARMS,  Washingtonville,  Pa. 


DUCKLINGS 


PEKIN  DUCKLINGS 

largest  kind,  postpaid:  12,  $2.75:  25,  $5.50;  50,  $10.00; 
100.  $19.00. 

FAIRVIEW  HATCHERY,  THERESA,  NEW  YORK 


DUCKS 


WHITE  RUNNER  DUCKS.  Winners,  Layers.  Eggs 
|2-$I.50.  Collie  Pups  $10,  $5.  P.  McCullough,  Mercer,  Pa. 


Back  Up  Your  Boys 

tBUY  WAR  BONDS 
AND  STAMPS 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


A  WATCHDOG 
Every  40  Rods 


That  is  what  our  “No  Trespass¬ 
ing”  signs  are.  When  a  fellow  sees 
one  of  them  he  knows  he’s  in  the 
wrong  if  he’s  caught  —  so  he 
thinks  twice  before  he  barges  in. 

Post  Your  Farm 

with  onr  “NO  TRESPASSING ”  signs 

to  keep  off  those  fellows  who 
make  a  nuisance  of  themselves. 

Our  signs  are  printed  on  heavy 
fabric  that  withstands  wind  and 
weather,  are  easy  to  see  and 
read,  and  meet  legal  require¬ 
ments.  Write  us  for  prices  in 
large  or  small  quantities. 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 

10  N.  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


(370)  16 


American  Agriculturist,  June  20,  1942 


NontUe&it  Madieti  jpsi  Al ositkeadt  PnxxSUtceM. 


" American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page 


99 


HOLSTEIN 


TRY  “WAIT  FARMS”  FIRST 

for  your  next  Herd  Sire.  We  specialize  on  Type  and 
Production.  2  Gold  Medal  Herd  Sires,  2  Silver  Medal. 
Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  THAEUB^£  5A\MS- 


ORCHARD  HILL  STOCK  FARM 

offers  for  sale  Carnation  bred  bulls  of  excellent  type 
from  high  producing  dams  and  sired  by 
Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

M.  R.  Klock  &  Son,  Fort  Plain,  N.  Y. 
Holstein  Bull  Calves,  for  sale  or  lease. 

sons  of  Commodore  Constance.  Dam  K.O.I.  Pauline 
made  lb. 8  lbs.  fat,  23079  lbs.  milk:  was  N.  Y.  State 
Champion.  Out  of  high  producing,  excellent  type  dams 
backed  by  4%  test  dams.  At  farmers’  prices.  PAUL 
STERUSKY,  Sunnyhill  Dairy  Farm.  Little  Falls.  N.  Y. 


For  Sale:  REGISTERED  HOLSTEINS 

Will  sell  30  head.  Your  choice  of  115.  Herd  average 
3.75%  fat  last  eighteen  months.  Many  splendid  fami¬ 
lies  that  combine  show  quality  with  high  production. 
Some  high  quality  young  bulls,  excellent  show  prospects. 
PAUL  SMITH,  NEWARK  VALLEY,  NEW  YORK. 


ALL  AGES,  BY  EXTRA 
WELL  BRED  SIRES,  FROM 
COWS  WITH  GOOD  C.T.A. 
RECORDS. 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 


GUERNSEY 


TARBELL  FARMS  GUERNSEYS 

Federal  Accredited  —  360  HEAD  —  Negative 
YOUNG  BULLS  FOR  SALE.  CLOSELY  RELATED  TO 
Tarbell  Farms  Peerless  Margo  613193.  18501.4  lbs.  Milk, 
1013.3  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  3  Yr.  Old. 
Tarbell  Farms  Royal  Lenda  467961,  20508.9  lbs.  Milk, 
1109.0  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  4  Yr.  Old. 

TARBELL  FARMS 

SmithviMe  Flats,  New  York 


SELECT  GUERNSEY  BULL  — 

Age  6  months.  Dam  and  Sire’s  dam  have  five  records 
averaging  13,268  M.,  588.6  F.  Sired  by  McDonald 
Farms  Dauntless,  a  full  brother  to  McDonald  Farms 
Artist,  14,550  M.,  746.7  F.  Cl.  C  and  show  winner  at 
National  1938-39.  Dauntless  is  sired  by  Foremost  Pre¬ 
diction,  son  of  Valors  Faithful,  20,011  M.,  976.5  F. 

Cl.  A  and  Foremost  Bell  Buoy.  Write  for  pedigree 
and  prices. 

WYCHMERE  FARM 

Clifford  W.  Smith,  Mgr.,  Ontario,  N.  Y. 


For  Sale:  Registered  Guernsey  Bulls. 

READY  FOR  SERVICE.  FROM  600  LB.  DAMS. 
FEW  HEIFERS  UNDER  ONE  YEAR. 

Price  reasonable  (a  good  time  to  buy). 

Lake  Delaware  Farms,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 


Excellent  Guernsey  Bulls 

TWO  MONTHS  TO  SERVICEABLE  AGE. 
Heredity  of  Langwater  Valor  afrtt  Saugerties  Royal 
Sequel  of  Production  and  Type.  For  sale  or  lease 
with  reliable  Farm  Bureau  reference. 

RATH  BROS., 

Stone  Rd„  PITTSFORD,  N.  Y. 


Alma  B.  Emery,  Bar  Harbor.  Me. 


JERSEYS 

For  Sale — JERSEYS — Fresh  Cows. 

ACCREDITED  HERD. 

J.  F.  GODDARD, 

N.  TRIPHAMMER  RD.,  R.D.  No.  I,  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 


SERVICE  BULLS 

Three  Grandsons  of  Vermont  Progress, 
20  to  23  months  old,  and  eight  younger 
bulls  out  of  high  production  dams  by 
“Superior  Sire,’’  Killingly  Owl  Sigma  Son. 
Seven  Ton  of  Gold  Awards 
Ten  Gold  Medals 
Thirteen  Silver  Medals 

Herd  Improvement  Record  average  for 
last  4  years  465  lbs.  fat  for  over  40  cows. 
Farmers’  Prices. 

Pedigree  and  prices  upon  request. 

P.  D.  VAN  MATER  &  SONS, 

Accredited  Herd  —  Bangs  &  T.B.  —  Herd  Classified. 

JOCEDA  FARMS 

MARLBORO,  NEW  JERSEY. 


cMi  CventAs 


Cattle  Sales 

June  20  Annual  Sale  of  New  York  Jersey  Cattle 
Club,  Meridalo  Farms,  Meredith.  N.  Y. 

June  25  144th  Earlville  Sale,  Earlville,  N.  Y. 

June  27  Oneida  County  Farm  Holstein  Dispersal, 
Rome,  N.  Y. 

Aug.  5  Finger  Lakes  Ayrshire  Club  Sale,  Cortland, 
New  York. 

Aug.  12  4th  Annual  Consignment  Sale,  Lancaster 
County  Ayrshire  Breeders’  Ass’n.,  Lan¬ 
caster.  Pa. 

Sept.  30  llth  Maryland  Fall  Holstein  Sale,  Mc- 

Donogh  School,  McDonogh,  Md. 

Oct.  3  New  York  Federation  Ayrshire  Production 

Sale,  Cobleskill. 

Oct.  22  Annual  Fall  Holstein  Sale,  New  England 
Holstein- Friesian  Association,  Northampton, 
Mass. 

Coming  Events 

July  4-18  Summer  Institute  for  Social  Progress. 
Wellesley,  Mass. 

July  21-24  International  Baby  Chick  Ass’n.  Conven¬ 
tion,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

July  26-28  American  Poultry  Ass’n.  Convention.  Pitts¬ 
burgh,  Pa. 

July  28  Adirondack  Ayrshire  Club  Picnic  and  Field 
Day. 

Aug.  15  Summer  Meeting  Vermont  Jersey  Cattle 
Club  at  Oakridge  Farm,  owned  by  Otis  A. 
Kenyon,  Windsor. 

Aug.  20  State  Jersey  Cattle  Club  Summer  Meeting 
and  Bull  Distribution.  The  Rocks,  Little¬ 
ton,  New  Hampshire. 

Aug.  21-22  Classification  Sibley  Farms  Jersey  Herd, 
Aug.  21:  State  Club  Meeting  and  Bull 
Distribution,  Aug.  22,  Spencer,  Mass. 

Aug.  26-23  1942  Poultry  Industries  Exposition  of 

Northeastern  Poultry  Producers  Council, 
Hotel  New  Yorker,  New  York  City. 

Aug.  30- 

Sept.  7-10  Annual  Northeastern  Egg  Grading  and  Mar¬ 
keting  School.  University  of  Connecticut, 
Storrs. 

Aug.  31-  Cortland  County  Fair  and  New  York  State 

Sept.  7  Junior  Fair,  Cortland,  N.  Y. 

Sept.  20-26  Eastern  States  Exposition,  Springfield,  Mass. 

Nov.  11-19  National  Grange,  Spokane,  Washington. 


HEREFOROS 


3  Reg.  Yearling  Hereford  Bulls. 

DOMINO,  WINDSOR  BRAE  BREEDING. 

ALSO  A  FEW  CHOICE  FEMALES. 

“ROAD’S  END,” 

CHERRY  PLAIN,  Renss.  Co.,  N.  Y.  Tel.  Berlin  25FI5 


HAIRY  CATTLE 


SHEEP 


Registered  Dorset  Rams  and  Ewes. 

$15  TO  $25  EACH.  SHIPPED  ON  APPROVAL. 
SEND  FOR  PHOTOS. 

ALSO  ABERDEEN  ANGUS  BULLS. 

James  S.  Morse,  Levanna,  N.  Y. 


For  Sale:  Registered  Hampshire  Sheep 

26  EWES,  II  YEARLING  EWES, 

19  LAMBS,  2  RAMS. 

E.  E.  BARNUM,  ALBION,  N.  Y. 


DOGS 


SHEPHERDS  —  COLLIES 

TRAINED  CATTLE  DOGS  AND  PUPS. 

HEEL  DRIVERS— BEAUTIES. 

WILMOT,  East  Thetford,  Vt. 


FOR  SALE:  German  Shepherd  Puppy, 

FEMALE,  14  WEEKS  OLD. 

Cosalta  breeding,  distemper  inoculated.  $25.00. 

I.  W.  Ingalls,  R.D.  3,  Trumansburg,N.Y. 

A.K.C.  Puppies,  Cocker  Spaniels  and 
St.  Bernards  —  Persian  Kittens 
MRS.  EDNA  GLADSTONE,  Andes,  N.Y. 


HONEY 


BUCKWHEAT:  5  lbs..  $1.10: 
10  lbs..  $2.00.  CLOVER,  5  lbs., 
$1.25;  10  lbs.,  $2.15. 
Postage  prepaid  to  fourth  zone. 

W.  Botsford,  Horseheads,  N.  Y. 

60  lbs.  best  clover 
$8.40  not  prepaid. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed 

F.  W.  Lesser,  Fayetteville,  N.  Y. 


In  writing  advertisers , 
be  sure  to  say  you  saw 
it  in  the 

American  Agriculturist 


POULTRY 


POULTRY 


EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

Hatching  Eggs  —  Started  Pullets 
James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  Trumans°bXurgA' n.  y 

Walter  Rich’s 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 


Are  You  Looking  For 
PROFITABLE  Producers? 

HANSON  LEGHORNS  AND  PARMENTER  REDS. 
HEAVY  PRODUCERS  OF  LARGE  EGGS.  FOR 
EXTRA  PROFITS  GET  SPRINGBROOK  PULLETS. 
CATALOG  ON  REQUEST. 

SPRINGBROOK  POULTRY  FARM 

WEBSTER  A.  J.  KUNEY  &  SON. 

Box  “A”,  SENECA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 


BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  U.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
List  describing  our  Leghorns,  Reds,  and 
crossbreds. 

Eli  H.  Bodine,  Box  28,  Chemung,  N.  Y. 

Rich  Poultry  Farms  rs 

Leghorns  Prngeny  Tested  Reds 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE'S  OLDEST  AND 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS. 

Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de¬ 
scribes  our  method  of  growing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 


^[iVY™  Pedigree  S.C.W.  Leghorns 

B.W.D.  TESTED  PULLETS  AND  BREEDING  STOCK. 
Progeny  Tested  under  supervision  Cornell  University. 

Hartwick  Hatchery,  Inc.,  Hartwick,  N.Y. 


C.  &  G.  FARMS, 

Breeders  of  Progeny  Tested  R.  I.  Reds  (Parmenter) 
and  Red-Rock-Cross  Red  Pedigree  breeding  Cockerels 
250  to  340  egg  dams.  Breeding  counts. 

C.  &  G.  FARMS,  Ballston  BLake5,’  N.  Y. 


COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEINS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 


Choice  Dairy  Cows 

50  Early  Fall  big  breedy  Heifers,  Holsteins  &  Guernseys; 
50  Early  Fall  cows,  Fancy  Grade  and  Reg.  Holsteins  & 
Guernseys:  50  Fresh  cows  and  close  springers. 

O.  J.  WARD  &  SON,  cPAr.°3RH  oNr-3YY- 


swine: 


Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 


Vista  Or  ramie  Douglas  Lois,  top  selling 
entry  in  the  National  Ayrshire  Sale,  from 
the  Vista  Grande  herd  of  C.  M.  Rodri¬ 
guez,  Cropseyville,  N.  Y.,  and  purchased 
for  $1000  by  C.  K.  Etherington,  Benmorc 
Farm,  New  Milford,  Conn. 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS,  R.  I.  REDS.  NEW 
HAMPSH  IRES,  BARRED  CROSS.  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


McLoughlin  Leghorns 

Progeny-test  bred.  7-time  New  York 
R.O.P.  champions  with  average  produc¬ 
tion  records  of  257,  253,  256.  258.  286 
261  and  262  eggs.  U.S.  Pullorum  Clean 
McLoughlin  Leghorn  Farm,  Chatham  Center. N.Y 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAM PSH  IRES. 
BARRED  ROCKS,  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  All  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
Folder  and  Prices. 

WILLIAM  S.  MAPES,  Middlftown^N.  Y 


The  McGREGOR  FARM 


S.  C.  White  Leghorns  — 50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 
THE  McGREGOR  FARM,  Box  A,  MAINE.  N.  Y. 


CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 


ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS.  REDS.  ROCK-RED  CROSS. 

WHITE  ROCKS—  "They  Satisfy." 

Pullorum  free.  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  details. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER,  Box  C.  GALLUPVILLE.  N.  Y. 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 


DANVILLE,  ILL.,  iy2  Acres, 

2  HOUSES.  8  AND  4  ROOMS:  ELECTRICITY. 
WATER;  NEAR  SCHOOL,  STREET  CAR.  BARGAIN. 

Rr  n  AVK  004  E.  JOHNSON  STREET, 
.  L*.  DAV13,  DANVILLE,  ILLINOIS. 


100  Acres,  Good  Bldgs;  Eqpd. 

35  acres  fertile  tillage,  stream -watered  10-cow  pas¬ 
ture.  wood;  7-room  house,  barns  30x40  and  20x40, 
other  buildings:  6  miles  to  famous  resort  city; 
"giveaway”  by  aged  owner  at  $2000:  horse,  2  cows, 

2  heifers,  tools  thrown  in;  page  28  big  Free  cata¬ 
log  1384  bargains  many  States. 

STROUT  REALTY 

255-R  4th  Ave.,  New  York  City 


HELP  WANTED 


POULTRYMAN  WANTED  —  Married. 

WIFE  OR  SON  TO  HELP  IF  POSSIBLE. 
GOOD  HOUSE,  TWO  MILES  FROM  TOWN. 

WHITE  LEGHORN  BREEDING  FARM 


WARREN  HAWLEY,  BATAVIA,  N.  Y. 


POSITION  WANTED 


WANT  FARM  TO  RENT  OR  SHARE, 

Preferably  stocked  and  equipped:  by  young  married 
farmer.  Excellent  references  of  proven  ability  as  *n 
efficient  manager.  Have  had  college  training  ana  have 
attended  Graham  Breeding  School.  Would  like  to  work 
with  Guernseys  or  Holsteins:  Hogs  and  Poultry  as 
specialty.  Any  size  business  considered  if  Pr(>s,,e”;: 
favorable.  Would  take  charge  in  30  days,  first  of  yw 
or  April  first,  '43.  A  managership  considered  but  am 
not  ready  to  purchase  a  farm  at  present. _ 

Box  514-N,  American  Agriculturist, 

ITHACA,  NEW  YORK. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
It  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

This  classified  page  is  for  the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications: 
LIVESTOCK — Cattle.  Swine,  Sheep.  Horses,  Dogs,  Rabbits,  Goats.  Mink,  Ferrets:  FARM  PRODUCE — Field 
(Seeds,  Hay  and  Straw,  Maple  Syrup,  Ilonpy.  Pop  Corn,  Miscellaneous;  POULTRY — Breeding  S’ock.  Hatching  Eggs 
EMPLOYMENT — Help  Wanted.  Situation  Wanted:  FARM  REAL  ESTATE — Farms  for  Sale.  Karma  Wanted- 
DSHD  FARM  EQUIPMENT— For  Sale.  Wanted. 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers’  classified  advertising  rates.  Two 

vertising  space  units  are  ottered  as  follows:  space  one  inch  deeo  one  column  wide  at  J  P  miturist 
ice  one-half  inch' deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.00  per  issue.  Cop\  must  be  received  at  A2)Jf.rlf ar*  Hcertisin"  ac- 
vertising  Dept..  Box  514,  Ithaca.  N.  Y..  11  days  before  publication  date  No  ISaby  Chick  advemsm  ^ 
pted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows:  Jan.  3.  17.  31:  Feb.  '4- n  28, Mar-  14,  28.  P"  s  19. 
iy  9,  23;  June  6.  20;  July  4,  18;  Aug.  I,  15,  29;  Sect.  12,  26;  Oct.  10,  24:  Nov.  7.  21.  Dec. 


American  Agriculturist,  June  20,  1942 


IT  (371) 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


THERE  is  an  optimistic  livestock 
angle  for  our  Northeast  in  the 
present  and  future  transportation  situa¬ 
tion.  Government  orders  are  being 
sent  out  which  will  restrict  such  things 
as  Idaho  potatoes  hauled  into  Michi¬ 
gan,  then  Michigan  potatoes  hauled 
into  the  Northeast,  then  Northeast  po¬ 
tatoes  hauled  into  Virginia.  Meat  and 
livestock  distribution  has  been  even 
more  “screw-bally”  than  this.  Many 
sections  have  been  receiving  practic¬ 
ally  100%  of  their  meat  from  a  dis¬ 
tance  of  1,000  or  more  miles,  and  yet 
are  hauling  out  of  these  same  com¬ 
munities  many  times  the  amount  of 
livestock  for  meat  that  they  consume. 
Government  orders  will  tend  to  force 
local  or  near-local  consumption  of  local 
production. 

Now,  then,  if  the  Northeast  can  have 
the  market  that  is  at  its  door,  it  is 
just  all  set.  Also,  once  we  have  again 
regained  our  own  consumer  markets, 
we  will  fight  to  keep  them.  Of  course, 
that  will  be  just  as  true  with  other 
sections  and  will  tend  to  change  our 
whole  marketing  and  distribution  sys¬ 
tem  not  only  for  the  duration,  but  per¬ 
manently.  The  Northeast  is  in  just 
the  right  spot  for  such  a  change.  How 
I  hope  its  farmers,  its  agricultural 
leadership  and  its  organizations  will 
get  in  ahead  of  it  and  stay  ahead. 

Well,  a  bountiful  hay  crop  is  here. 
Probably,  it  will  not  be  as  good  qual¬ 
ity  as  in  some  years,  particularly  if  not 
cut  early.  I  wish  all  first  cutting  were 
now  in  the  barn.  If  you  have  had  the 
rains  that  have  been  general  all  over 
this  country,  you  have  not  been  able 
to  get  this  done.  Nevertheless,  there 
is  no  harm  in  “wishing.” 

Lots  of  livestock  and  lots  of  hay  are 
as  inseparable  as  ham  and  eggs.  The 
question  now  arising  is  how  to  main¬ 
tain  or  increase  livestock  inventories 
for  war  needs,  get  the  greatest  use 
from  this  season’s  abundance,  and  still 
be  operating  on  a  sound  program. 

Present  prices  for  replacement  live¬ 
stock  would  not  warrant  purchases  for 
a  long  haul,  such  as  beef  heifer  calves 
to  grow  into  a  cow  breeding  herd,  and 
a  few  other  such  examples.  There  are, 
however,  many  other  opportunities. 
Yearling  ewes  at  $13  or  $14  a  head 
will  have  a  crop  of  wool  and  a  lamb 
in  a  year,  and  therefore  should  nearly 
pay  for  themselves  within  a  year. 
Good  bred  beef  steer  calves  weighing 
400  pounds  have  been  costing  about 
15c  a  pound  or  $60  a  head,  delivered  on 
your  farms.  With  cheap  hay,  lots  of 
pasture,  and  even  high  grain,  they 
should  gain  300  pounds  in  200  days,  at 
a  cost  of  not  over  7c  a  pound.  Then, 


“I’ve  been  giving  him  feed  a 
tised  in  American  Agriculturist 


you  have  an  animal  weighing  700 
pounds  costing  $81,  or  11  ^c  a  pound, 
and  I  saw  bulls  and  cows  sell  this  week 
at  that  price.  These  are  just  two  ex¬ 
amples — there  are  many,  but  you  will 
notice  that  I  am  stressing  the  short 
operation. 

Reports  show  there  were  more 
pounds  of  pork  sold  last  month  than  in 
any  May  on  record.  Yet  hog  market 
prices  continue  favorable  to  the  pro¬ 
ducer.  Two  things:  Our  production  of 
livestock  is  keeping  pace  and  the  de¬ 
mand  is  tremendous.  Both  can  be 
causes  of  worry  in  our  present  situa¬ 
tion,  to  future-minded  livestock  pro¬ 
ducers.  You  know  that  I  cannot  an¬ 
swer  that  one,  but  there  is  an  old 
stockyard  saying,  “No  packer  ever 
made  any  money  on  what  the  other 
packer  bought.” 

—  a.  a. — 

SUNDAY"  WALKS 
AROUND  THE  FARM 

( Continued  from  Page  1) 
jars,  with  kettles  and  pressure  cookers. 

So  far,  so  good!  That’s  as  far  as 
we're  prepared  to  go  here  in  the  mid¬ 
dle  of  June  with  most  of  the  growing 
season  still  ahead  of  us  and  lots  of 
time  for  bugs  and  slugs  and  creeping 
things,  to  say  nothing  of  the  pestilence 
that  walketh  at  noonday.  But  the  more 
acute  dangers  of  drought  seem  safely 
past,  here  in  our  country,  with  the 
fountains  of  the  earth  charged  to 
bursting  with  May  rains  and  the  pas¬ 
tures  knee-deep  in  grass. 

Never  mind  the  woodchucks  and  the 
hedge  rows.  We  need  a  little  trouble 
and  chastening  for  our  souls’  good.  In 
a  world  on  fire,  it  would  not  seem  fair 
or  safe  for  us  to  be  unharassed  —  at 
least  by  woodchucks  and  wild  roses. 

Down  at  the  far  end  of  our  back  pas¬ 
ture  there  is  a  little  rise  - —  scarcely 
worthy  of  the  name  of  “hill”.  We’re 
pretty  apt  to  sit  down  there  at  some 
time  in  our  Sunday  walk  and  look  off 
miles  and  miles  across  a  sea  whose 
rolling  billows  arc  the  hills  and  val¬ 
leys.  It  seems  a  peaceful  landscape, 
but  it  isn’t.  It  has  been  associated  with 
conflict  from  the  start  of  time.  The 
hills  were  carved,  the  valleys  cut  by 
the  impact  of  the  glacier.  It  has  echoed 
to  the  screams  of  Indian  attack.  It  was 
surveyed  and  set  aside  in  land  grants 
to  soldiers  of  the  Revolution.  Their  sons 
have  left  the  land  to  share  in  every 
intervening  war.  Each  overgrown 
graveyard  along  the  country  roads  blos¬ 
soms  with  fresh  flags  after  every  Dec¬ 
oration  Day. 

There  is  no  such  thing  as  “security”, 
and  never  was — certainly  not  for  men 
and  women  who  are  dependent  for  their 
living  on  the  soil,  the  sunshine,  and  the 
bounty  of  rain  clouds.  Conflict  and 
struggle  are  the  lot  of  mankind,  and 
the  reward  comes  from  meeting  and 
overcoming  danger — not  in  avoiding  it. 
But  on  the  seventh  day  of  the  week, 
one  is  permitted  to  rest  and  walk 
about  the  farm  and  take  comfort  in  a 
soft  June  Sunday  after  rain. 

— a.  a. — 

KEEP  Y  OUR  UOWS 
HEALTHY" 

(Continued  from  Page  13) 
what  one  dairyman  is  doing  to  keep 
up  his  production  during  this  time  of 
war.  Dairj’’  products  are  needed  and 
my  guess  is  that  as  the  war  continues, 
the  demand  for  more  and  more  food 
will  arise;  milk  and  dairy  products  in 
particular.  We  have  sugar  rationing 
now,  but  sugar  is  not  vital.  We  can 
get  along  with  less,  without  difficulty. 
We  have  gasoline  rationing.  But  no 
one  wants  to  see  milk  doled  out  as  it 
is  in  Britain.  I  do  not  believe  it  will 
be;  not  in  this  country  as  long  as  our 
dairy  herds  are  kept  healthy  and  pro¬ 
ducing.'  Guard  and  protect  the  health 
of  your  herd  as  never  before.  Health 
is  priceless,  in  cattle  as  well  as  in  hu¬ 
mans. 


Jdarietta 

Masonite 

“Victory'" 

~  p|r~ 

•«weoe»:- 

( Patents 
Applied 
For) 


Scores  3-Way 
Offensive 


QJIIIFQ  ^eed  Crops- 
vHICO  Steel-Money 


Announced  in  May,  the  instant  demand  for  Marietta's 
"VICTORY"  Silo  exceeds  all  predictions.  Designed  by  Mari- 
etto  and  Masonite  engineers,  as  a  dependable  Silo  —  at  low 
cost  and  with  minimum  steel  —  it  meets  today's  urgent  need: 
to  help  farmers  feed  their  nation  at  war! 

Strongly  built.  Solid  Oak  frame  and  laminated  hoops— chem¬ 
ically  treated  against  decay.  Tempered  Presdwood  walls,  of 
7,320  lbs.  per  sq.  in.  tensile  strength.  Firmly  anchored  to 
concrete  base.  .  .  .  Ladder-type  doors.  Choice  of  roof  or 
without.  .  .  .  Don't  delay.  Write  TODAY  for  (free)  literature. 


THE  MARIETTA  CONCRETE  CORP. 

Marietta,  Ohio  Write  Marietta,  O.  Baltimore,  Md. 
Schenectady,  N.Y.  Office,  Dept.  Lilesville,  N.C. 


Manufacturers  of  Famous  Marietta  Super-Concrete  Stave 
Silo.  (1942  output  now  oversold.)  Also  Oregon  Fir  Silos. 


STRENGTH  TEST 

Marietta  "Vic¬ 
tory"  Silo  filled 
with  gravel  —4 
times  "outward" 
pressure  of  ord  i- 
nary  ensilage. 


Marietta  Super-Wood  Silo  —  Special  Hooped  for  Hay- 
Available  in  Limited  Output  for  Prompt  Delivery. 


But  Don’t  Delay  !  Order  TODAY  ! 


CATTLE 


144th  Earlville  Sale 

THURSDAY ,  JUNE  25 

EARLVILLE,  MADISON  CO.,  N.  T. 


125  Registered  Holsteins 

Healthy  on  all  tests,  majority  eligible  to 
go  anywhere. 

I-'resh  cows,  close  springers,  fall  cows  and 
heifers,  heifer  calves,  service  age  bulls. 
Consignments  from  many  nationally 
known  Holstein  herds. 

Buy  with  confidence  at  this,  the  oldest 
established  Registered  Holstein  sale 
market  in  the  world. 

Send  for  catalog  and  details  about  pur¬ 
chasing  by  mail  in  case  you  are  unable 
to  attend  in  person. 


R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 


SALES  MANAGER 
MEXICO,  N.  Y. 


Fay  Palmateer,  R.  I,  Hilton,  N.  Y. 


ONEIDA  COUNTY  FARM  DISPERSAL  SALE 

AT  CITY  LIMITS,  ROME,  N.  Y.,  ON  ROUTE  46A. 
JUNE  27,  STARTING  AT  9:00  A.  M. 


65  REGISTERED 
HOLSTEINS 


BLOOD  TESTED. 
The  two-year-olds  and 
yearlings  are  vaccinated. 


4  horses,  50  pigs  including  50  brood  sows  and  a 
yearling  spotted  Poland  Boar. 

Send  for  catalog.  Farm  taken  by  government. 


R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 

Sales  Manager  and  Auctioneer,  MEXICO.  N.  Y. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


SWINE 


Dailey  Stock  Farm 

LEXINGTON,  MASS.  TEL.  1085. 

Top  Quality  Pigs 

4-5  WEEKS.  $7.00  EACH:  6-7  WEEKS,  $7.25  EACH; 
8  WEEKS  EXTRAS,  $7.75  EACH. 

SHIPPED  C.O.D. 


Walter  Lux,  Tel.  0086,  Woburn,  Mass. 

Chester- Whites,  Chester-Berkshire,  Yorkshire-Chester. 
6-7  weeks  old  $7.  each;  good  8-9  weeks  old.  $8.  each. 
All  large  growthy  pigs.  Ship  C.O.D.  or  check  or  money 
order.  They  will  please,  if  not,  return  them. 


LARGE  STOCK 

Catalog  free. 


new — used  tractor  parts  for  sale 
cheap.  Order  nearest  branch. 


IRVING’S  TRACTOR  LUG  CO..  Galesburg,  III 


For  VICTORY  and  PEACE 


BUY 


War  Bonds  and  Stamps 


AT  LAST !  A  FLASHLIGHT  THAT  GIVES  YOU 


FREE  USE  OF  BOTH  HANDS! 


Flashlight  Company  of  America 

Jersey  City,  New  Jersey 


The  amazing  new 


98* 

Complete  with  Batteries 


THE  MOST  PRACTICAL  FLASHLIGHT 
IDEA  IN  20  YEARS  .  .  .  there’s  no 
other  flashlight  like  Rex  Ristlite! 
No  struggle.  No  juggle.  Never 
before  such  convenience.  It’s  also 
the  perfect  gift  for  boys  in  Service. 

•  Madeof  smart,  zephyr-weight  plastic! 

•  General  Electric  pre-focused  bulb! 

•  500-foot  light  beam! 

•  Unbreakable  lens! 


Imagine  a  flashlight  you 
never  have  to  hold”  ...  a 
flashlight  that  throws  a 
500 -foot  beam  right  where 
you  want  it;  yet  gives  you 
both  hands  free  for  work. 
The  new  Rex  Ristlite  snaps  on  your 
vrist  like  a  wristwatch!  It’s  a  real 
>lessing  around  the  farm  and  in  the  house! 
IRDER  NOW!  Use  the  Coupon.  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 


Flashlight  Company  of  America 
Dept.  A-6,  Jersey  City,  New  Jersey 


Please  send. 


.  Rex  Ristlites  at  98c  each. 


complete  with  batteries : 

Check  (  £]  Money  order  enclosed,  ship  prepaid 
one  \ 

desired  (  □  Send  C.  O.  D.,  plus  postage  charges 
N  ame_ _  ■  ,  ...  ..  .  —  .  ■  . 


Address- 
Town _ 


-State. 


(372)  18 


American  Agriculturist,  June  20,  1942 


LESSON 


Standard  Bread  Recipe 

Straight  Dough  Method  for  Four  1-pound  Loaves. 

2  cups  milk  1  cake  fresh  yeast  dissolved  in  }4 

*4  cup  sugar  cup  lukewarm  water  OR 

4  teaspoons  salt  1  package  granular  yeast  dissolved  in 

2  tablespoons  shortening  1  cup  of  the  water  (tepid)  with  1 

2  cups  water  teaspoon  sugar  added 

12  cups  sifted  flour  (about) 


BY  MRS.  GRACE  WATKINS  HUCKETT 


Measure  most  of  the  sifted  flour  (about  9  cups) 
into  a  mixing  bowl,  reserving  the  remainder  of  the 
flour.  Make  a  “well”  in  the  flour  in  the  bowl;  pour  in 
the  softened  yeast  and  remaining  liquid,  in  which  salt 
and  sugar  have  been  dissolved.  Add  softened  shorten¬ 
ing  last.  Add  enough  of  the  remaining  flour  to  make  a 
dough  which  will  not  stick  to  the  bowl. 

Another  common  way  of  mixing  bread  is  to  add  salt, 
sugar,  and  water  to  scalded  milk  in  mixing  bowl.  The 
dissolved  yeast  and  flour  are  then  added  to  this  mix¬ 
ture,  and  finally  the  melted  shortening. 

Turn  onto  a  floured  board.  Fold  dough  from 
outside  toward  you,  then  push  away  lightly  with 
the  “heel”  of  your  palms.  Add  flour  as  needed,  but  not 
too  much;  knead  until  dough  is  smooth,  satiny  and 
elastic,  about  8  to  10  minutes.  Hard  wheat  flours  re¬ 
quire  more  kneading,  soft  wheat  flours  less.  Test  for 
proper  stiffness  by  holding  the  hand  on  the  dough  while 
counting  30.  If  it  does  not  stick  to  the  hand,  it  is 
ready  to  set  to  rise. 

Round  dough  into  a  ball  and  put  into  a  well- 
greased  bowl  to  rise,  at  80  to  85°  F.,  away  from 
drafts.  Roll  the  dough  over  in  the  greased  bowl  to  pre¬ 
vent  a  dry  surface  on  the  dough  which  might  cause 
streaks  in  the  finished  loaf. 

4,^  Dough  should  double  its  bulk  if  made  with  hard 
wheat  flour;  soft  wheat  flour  doughs  are  “ready” 
before  doubling  their  bulk.  Allow  about  2  hours.  If 
it  holds  a  dent  made  by  pressing  with  one  finger,  it 
has  risen  enough. 

CJ  Folding  down  the  dough  takes  the  place  of  a 
second  kneading.  Fold  down  by  spreading  the 
dough  and  patting  out  gas  bubbles.  Dough  is  then  fold¬ 
ed  in  half  lengthwise,  then  both  ends  are  folded  up, 
overlapped  and  pressed  down,  the  dough  rounded  into 
a  ball  and  let  rise  again  in  the  bowl.  If  soft  wheat  flour 
is  used,  the  second  rising  is  omitted  and  dough  is  shap¬ 
ed  into  loaves  after  folding  down. 

g  When  light,  divide  dough  into  four  equal  por¬ 
tions,  round  up  each  portion  into  a  smooth  ball, 
cover  well  and  let  rest  10  to  15  minutes.  You  may  omit 
the  rest  period,  but  dough  works  better  with  it. 

7  Flatten  out  each  ball  of  dough,  fold  in  half,  pat 
to  remove  any  remaining  bubbles.  Stretch  the 
folded  dough  lengthwise. 

Fold  both  ends  of  stretched  dough  toward  center 
so  that  ends  overlap  and  press  after  each  fold. 
Fold  lengthwise  and  lengthwise  again  and  roll  up  al¬ 
most  like  a  jelly  roll. 

Q  With  the  side  of  your  hand  seal  the  end  of 
the  roll. 

10.  Place  smooth  side  up  in  a  lightly  greased  baking 
pan.  The  loaf  should  reach  about  halfway  up 

the  sides  of  the  pan.  Let  rise  until  about  double  its  bulk. 

11.  Bake  in  a  moderately  hot  oven  at  about  400°  F. 
for  40  to  45  minutes.  Bread  is  done  when  it 

shrinks  slightly  from  the  sides  of  the  pan  and  sounds 
hollow  when  thumped  lightly. 

12.  Remove  bread  from  pan  as  soon  as  taken  from 
oven.  Place  uncovered  on  cooling  rack  or  across 

edges  of  bread  pans  to  allow  free  circulation.  Avoid 
drafts.  Brushing  hot  loaves  with  fat  helps  to  keep  them 
from  becoming  dry.  Store  thoroughly  cooled  bread  in 
bread  box  or  large  crock. 


— Photos  courtesy  Northwestern  Yeast  Company. 


American  Agriculturist,  June  20.  1942 


19  (373) 


1 


A 


MENDING  LESSON  No.  8- 

Ovcrall  Patch  i 

By  MILDRED  CARNEY, 

Cornell  Clothing  Specialist. 

This  is  a  quick  and  easy  way  to 
patch  overalls  and  other  articles.  The 
patch  should  be  about  2  inches  larger 
than  the  hole  all  around. 

1.  Cut  away  the  worn  or  tom  parts, 
making  the  hole  square  or  oblong. 

2.  Clip  the  corners  of  the  hole  diagon¬ 


ally  from  y2  to  %  of  an  inch  de¬ 
pending  on  the  material. 

3.  Fold  back  the  material  on  a  thread 
of  the  goods.  This  leaves  each  of  the 
four  corners  with  a  raw  edge  and 
these  corners  should  be  reinforced 
in  order  to  make  them  strong  and  to 
give  something  to  stitch  on. 

4.  To  reinforce  this  raw  edge  take  a 
small  piece  of  the  same  material, 
using  the  selvage  edge.  Overhand 
the  selvage  edge  to  the  raw  edge  of 
the  seam.  Trim  off  the  extra  to  fol¬ 
low  the  edges  of  the  seam  if  desired. 
(See  Fig.  A). 

5.  Place  the  patch  over  the  hole  on  the 


B. 


wrong  side,  with  the  lengthwise 
threads  of  the  patch  running  the 
same  way  as  in  the  garment. 

6.  Then  without  basting,  stitch  the 
patch  and  the  crease  of  the  garment 
(where  folded  back)  together  across 


DESERTED  GARDEN 

By  Selina  B.  Avery. 

Solitary  primrose  grows 
In  a  patch  of  weed, 

And  some  pods  are  on  a  stalk  — 

Iris  gone  to  seed. 

Grass  grown  stepping-stones  lead  down 
To  an  empty  pool 
Where  spiraea  in  lacy  gown 
Waits  for  water  cool. 

Some  one  loved  this  garden  so, 
Long-forgotten  flowers  still  grow. 


the  top  from  one  reinforced  corner 
to  the  other.  (See  Fig.  B).  Then 
without  breaking  the  thread,  stitch 
down  one  side,  across  the  bottom 
and  up  the  other  side. 

7.  Then  stitch  the  patch  to  the  gar¬ 
ment  without  turning  in  raw  edges. 


Sow  New  Delphinium  Seeds 


EVERY  2  or  3  year§  I  have  to  make 
a  real  business  of  renewing  colum¬ 
bines  and  delphinium  plants.  That 
seems  to  be  just  about  their  span  of 
life.  Cuttings  can  be  made  from  del¬ 
phiniums  and  the  clumps  can  be  divid¬ 
ed  but  after  a  few  years  the  quality 
of  the  flowers  deteriorates.  Colum¬ 
bines,  having  ope  main  tap  root,  are 
not  so  easy  to  separate. 

So,  as  soon  as  the  seeds  mature,  the 
delphiniums  should  be  planted  for  the 
new  crop.  For  some  reason  their  seed 
loses  vitality  very  quickly  and  best 
results  are  obtained  by  sowing  abso¬ 
lutely  fresh  seed.  This  can  be  done  in 
flats  which  can  be  moved  around  for 
protection  during  the  hottest  part  of 
the  day  or  in  a  coldframe  with  a  lath 
cover.  Then  the  new  plants  should  be 
large  enough  to  be  transplanted  and 
become  fii’mly  established  before  cold 
weather. 

I  have  started  new  columbine  plants 
by  the  simple  method  of  breaking  up 
the  seed  pods  and  laying  them  in  the 
border  beside  the  mother  plant.  The 
larger  plants  give  the  younger  ones  a 
certain  amount  of  shelter  from  the 
heat.  Then  in  the  fall  the  seedlings 
are  transplanted  into  their  permanent 
locations  and  probably  will  have  a 
small  crop  of  flowers  in  the  spring. 
However,  they  will  be  better  the  fol¬ 
lowing  year.  Columbines  bloom  once 
but  delphiniums  often  bloom  twice 
yearly. 

Another  early  blooming  perennial 
which  may  need  attention  right  now  is 
the  painted  daisy  or  pyrethrum.  It  is 
hard  to  believe  that  summer  is  a  good 
time  for  separating  clumps  but  it  is 
true  that  the  pyrethrum  is  dormant 
after  the  blooming  period  is  over  and 
before  it  begins  new  growth  in  the 
fall.  Therefore,  less  damage  is  done  at 
this  time.  Yet  it  does  require  care  in 
watering  and  protection  from  hot  sun 
until  the  plant  has  revived. 

Another  plant  that  takes  hot  weath¬ 
er  for  its  moving  day  is  the  bearded 
or  German  iris.  As  soon  as  the  bloom¬ 
ing  period  is  over,  crowded  clumps 
may  be  lifted  and  separated  into  natur¬ 
al  divisions.  The  ideal  division  is  a 
piece  of  main  root  and  2  branching 
offsets,  the  whole  forming  a  sort  of 
triangle.  Cut  down  the  foliage  to  half 
its  height.  Plant  these  “fans”  just 
deeply  enough  to  cover  the  roots.  If 
you  notice  the  way  an  old  clump 
grows,  you  will  see  a  good  portion  of 
rhizome  exposed  so  that  it  gets  the  sun 
and  the  air  on  its  back.  This  seems 
to  be  the  way  they  like  it.  Moving 
iris  should  not  be  delayed  too  long  or 
next  spring’s  blossoms  will  be  disap¬ 
pointing.  Allow  12  to  18  inches  be¬ 
tween  clumps.  The  Japanese  and 
Siberian  irises  are  not  ready  to  move 
until  late  August  or  early  September. 

Meanwhile,  keep  after  the  weeds.  If 
a  good  job  is  done  up  to  July  first,  it 
is  not  so  difficult  after  that.  A  good 
scratching  of  the  surface  with  a  rake 
is  better  than  deep  digging  with  a  hoe 
which  might  destroy  much  needed  feed¬ 
ing  roots.  Also  the  garden  will  be 
much  happier  if  it  gets  regular  treat¬ 
ment  of  spraying  or  dusting.  Other¬ 
wise  disease  and  insects  make  it  a 
sorry  sight  during  the  hot  days  of  July 
and  August. 


SIMPLE  .  .  .  ECONOMICAL  .  .  .  WHOLESOME 


THtS 


r  JMhm  au- 

^  advertised  brands,  when  advertisement 


using  nationally 
was  prepared. 


MADE  ALL  AT  ONCE- 
BAKED  FRESH  ON 
SEPARATE  DAYS 

•  Bake  part  at  a  time- 
keep  balance  of  dough  in 
refrigerator.  Complete 
recipe  and  method  sent 
free.  Write:  Northwest- 
ern  Yeast  Company,  Dept. 
10-6,  1750  N.  Ashland 
Avenue,  Chicago,  Illinois. 


Here’s  some  of  the  most  exciting  and 
timely  news  you’ve  heard  in  months! 
A  way  to  save  money— not  just  pennies— 
but  real  money.  It’s  a  way  to  add  sparkling 
new  variety  to  your  meals.  And  it’s  simple 
as  A.  B.  C. 


Granular 
1/1  Fast-Acting 


This  enticing  array  of  breads  costs  just 
36c!  Breads  to  tempt  the  palate  and  re¬ 
store  jaded  appetites.  Breads  so  delicious 
they  give  any  meal  a  "lift”.  Crunchy  bread 
Sticks!  Delectable  honey  covered  cinna¬ 
mon  buns !  Plain  bread  and  raisin  bread 
and  fluffy  pan  rolls!  And  even  an  "ama¬ 
teur”  can  make  them  with  Hi-Speed  Maca 
Yeast.  Try  it !  Surprise  yourself  and  thrill 
your  family. 

Hi-Speed  Maca  Yeast  eliminates  old- 
time  fuss  and  bother  from  home  baking. 
Maca  works  fast  —  and  it  keeps  without 
refrigeration !  You  can  keep  a  handy  sup¬ 


ply  on  your  pantry  shelf— bake  any  time 
you  wish!  And  Maca  gives  bakings  the 
glorious  old  -  fashioned  flavor  everyone 
loves  —  adds  distinctive  deliciousness  to 
the  rich  "substance”  so  characteristic  of 
home-baked  breads. 

Adopt  this  money-saving  idea  in  your 
home.  Send  for  the  recipe  and  method 
offered  above.  Use  it  soon.  Let  Maca  Yeast 
lead  you  to  a  real  baking  triumph.  NOTE: 
Recipe  offered  above  used  Honey  as 
sweetening  instead  of  sugar  —  a  smart 
trick  to  know  in  these  days  of  rationing. 


ASK  A  ^  M  The  Fast-Acting ,  Quick-Rising,  Granular  Yeast 

FOR  IYIA\V/4  IT  KEEPS  WITHOUT  REFRIGERATION 


TWO  BEAUTIFUL 
DOUBLE  WEIGHT 
PROFESSIONAL 
Enlargements,  8  Never  Fade  Deckle  Edge  Prints.  25c. 
CENTURY  PHOTO  SERVICE,  Dept.  20,  LaCrosse.  Wis. 


Rose  Leonard,  ’  R.  I,  Marathon,  N.  Y. 


now- 

Bounces  tOf, 

IZ  ounces  ISF' 

2&  ounces 


»  New  Davis  Cook 
look  makes  baking 
,ure  and  simple  with 
!1  Master  Pattern 
laking  Formulas. 
50 pages  beautifully 
llustrated.  Yours 
:or  10c  and  a  label 
:rom  a  can  of  Davis 
laking  Powder. 


DAVIS 

COOK  BOOKI 

R.  B.  Davis  Co.,  Hoboken,  N.J.  | 
1  enclose  10c  and  label  from  | 
a  can  of  Davis  Baking  Powder  I 
for  my  copy  of  Davis  Master  I 
Pattern  Baking  Formulas. 

I 


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When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


(374)  20 


American  Agriculturist,  June  20,  1942 


jt0A 

S  \ 


r  Work  and  Play 


SUIT  No.  3217  can  “take  it”  when 
made  in  poplin,  twill  or  denim,  for 
outdoor  work  or  defense  duties.  Sizes 
14  to  44.  Size  36,  4%  yds.  35-in.  fabric. 
(An  overall  and  jacket  ensemble,  not 
illustrated,  is  Pattern  No.  3215,  in 
sizes  14  to  44.) 

For  gardening,  bicycling,  any  out¬ 


door  work  or  play,  CULOTTE  or 
PLAYSUIT  No.  3325,  is  extremely  prac¬ 
tical.  Seersucker,  gingham,  poplin  or 
chambray  would  be  sturdy  enough 
without  being  too  heavy.  Sizes  14  to 
48.  Size  36,  3%  yds.  35-in.  fabric. 

For  that  willowy  look  get  PRINCESS 
FROCK  PATTERN  No.  3513.  Spun 
rayon,  rayon  crepe,  poplin,  shantung 
or  some  of  the  cool  sheers  would  inter¬ 
pret  nicely  this  design.  Pattern  sizes 
12  to  42.  Size  36,  4%  yds.  35-in.  fabric. 

For  that  soft,  dressed-up  look,  use 
LONG-TORSO  FROCK  No.  3522.  Make 
it  up  in  summer  prints  of  rayon  or  cot¬ 
ton.  Sizes  12  to  40.  Size  16,  only  3 
yds.  35-in.  or  39-in.  fabric. 

That  cool  and  comfortable  sheer 
which  gives  a  gracious  air  to  all  sum¬ 
mer  occasions  is  portrayed  in  PAT¬ 
TERN  No.  3527.  A  bit  of  lace  or  em¬ 
broidered  edging  makes  it  all  the  more 


dainty.  Sizes  12  to  46.  Size  36,  3V2 
yds.  35-in.  fabric  with  1  y2  yds.  edging. 

SUNBACK  DRESS  or  JUMPER  No. 
3181,  a  basque  fashion,  adapts  itself  to 
wearing  with  or  without  blouse,  as  you 
choose.  Pique,  gingham,  seersucker, 
chambray,  or  one  of  the  new  South 
American  inspired  prints  would  be 
summery  fabrics.  Pattern  sizes  10  to 
20.  Size  16,  for  jumper,  2%  yds.  35-in. 
fabric;  for  blouse,  1%  yds.  35-in. 

DAINTY  APRON  No.  3415  can  be 
made  from  a  yard  of  36-in.  fabric  with 
3  yards  edging.  Pattern  comes  in  one 
size. 

For  that  comfortable,  low-backed, 
sleeveless  dress,  PATTERN  No.  3055 
is  most  satisfactory.  A  bolero  also  is 
included.  Narrow  wale  piques,  pastel 
chambrays  or  linen-weave  spun  rayons 
offer  choice  of  material.  Pattern  sizes 
36  to  48.  Size  36,  3  yds.  39-in.  fabric 


for  dress;  for  bolero,  1%  yds.  39-m. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address, 
pattern  size  and  number  clearly  and 
inclose  15c  in  stamps.  Address  Pat¬ 
tern  Dept.,  American  Agriculturist,  10 
North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  New 
York.  Add  12c  for  a  copy  of  the  new 
summer  fashion  book. 


Horse  and  Buggy  Days 

( Continued  from  Page  5) 


in  it,  and  we  only  used  three  or  four. 
The  others  were  closed,  and  always 
filled  with  ghostly  noises.  You  have 
never  let  me  forget  that  night  when 
you  heard  strange  noises  down  in  that 
big  cellar.  We  got  up  to  investigate, 
and  you  have  always  claimed  —  of 
course  it’s  a  libel — that  I  made  you  go 
ahead  with  a  light  while  I  came  safely 
behind  you  with  a  big  stick. 

That  house,  like  thousands  of  others 
up  and  down  the  farm  country  now 
gone,  had  once  been  filled  with  love  and 
laughter,  the  joyous  shouts  of  children, 
and  all  the  activities  of  a  farm  home. 

The  summer  passed  all  too  quickly, 
and  we  went  back  over  the  hill  to  our 
little  home  to  resume  teaching,  this 
time  at  a  little  advance  in  salary.  My 
old  friend,  Mr.  Kingsley,  had  resigned 
to  accept  a  better  position.  He  was 
succeeded  by  another  principal,  and 
he  and  I  became  great  friends.  Both 
of  us  wanted  a  horse  and  buggy,  so  I 
agreed  to  furnish  the  horse  if  my 
friend  would  take  care  of  him.  He  had 
a  barn  and  I  didn’t.  That  arrange¬ 
ment  worked  out  very  well  until  one 
fall  day  he  and  I  went  over  to  my  old 
home  farm  with  the  horse  hitched  to  a 
one-horse  wagon,  to  pick  and  bring 
home  a  load  of  apples  which  my  folks 
had  given  us.  We  worked  hard  all 
day,  and  piled  on  such  a  load  that  we 
knew  the  horse  couldn’t  pull  it  over 


the  high  hill.  So  we  went  the  eight 
miles  around  the  hill  on  the  level  road 
until  we  got  within  three  miles  of 
home.  Then  the  horse,  tired  and  dis¬ 
gusted,  and  not  much  good  anyway, 
stopped.  No  amount  of  persuasion 
that  we  could  muster  could  induce  him 
to  move  a  single  step. 

After  pleading  and  arguing  with  that 
horse  for  hours,  until  the  short  au¬ 
tumn  day  drew  to  a  close  and  darkness 
fell,  we  finally  were  forced  to  unload 
every  bushel  of  apples  from  that 
wagon.  Only  then  did  that  perverse 
animal  consent  to  move,  and  we  went 
home  leaving  the  apples  behind.  In¬ 
cidentally,  anyone  standing  around  to¬ 
ward  the  close  of  that  little  adventure 
would  have  been  treated  to  some  lan¬ 
guage  not  heard  in  the  schoolroom! 
I  might  add  that  both  of  us  had  been 
farm  boys  and  knew  the  vocabulary. 
Sometimes  when  I  look  back  on  the 
horse  and  buggy  days,  I  think  of  that 
horse  and  other  like  him  with  which 
I  was  well  acquainted  in  my  younger 
days,  and  don’t  regret  too  much  the 
coming  of  the  gasoline  age. 

But,  my  dear,  I  wasn’t  satisfied  with 
our  lot  in  life.  I  liked  to  teach,  but 
since  a  small  boy  I  had  loved  the  soil 
and  all  things  that  pertain  thereto.  I 
wanted  to  farm.  I  w’anted  to  work 
and  manage  a  farm  myself,  and,  as  al¬ 
ways,  you  wanted  to  do  whatever 


would  make  me  the  happiest.  So,  at 
the  beginning  of  the  new  year,  I  re¬ 
signed  from  my  teaching  job  and  took 
a  large  farm  with  a  forty-cow  dairy  to 
work  on  shares.  Gee!  I  can  still  get 


AUNT  JANET’S 
fyoMPute  Recipe 

WHILE  strawberries  are  plen¬ 
tiful,  be  sure  to  find  enough 
tim$  to  make  a  fresh  strawberry 
pie.  It  is  fine  for  company  des¬ 
sert  and  the  family  just  loves  it! 

Fresh  Strawberry  Pie 

I  quart  fresh  straw-  3  tablespoons  corn- 
berries  starch 

I  cup  granulated  V*  teaspoon  salt 
sugar  or  V3  cup  I  teaspoon  butter 
honey  and  '/2  cuo  I  baked  pastry  shell 
sugar  (  cup  whipping  cream 

Va  cup  water  (optional) 

Line  the  baked,  cooled  pie  shell 
with  2  cups  of  large,  uncooked 
berries.  Make  a  sauce  of  2  cups 
of  the  berries  cut  up  and  cooked 
until  thick  with  the  sweetening, 
water,  cornstarch  and  salt,  which 
have  been  mixed  together.  Re¬ 
move  from  fire,  add  butter  and 
stir  well.  Cool  and  pour  over  the 
berries  in  the  pastry  shell,  then 
put  into  the  ice  box  until  ready 
to  serve.  Spread  with  a  thick 
coating  of  whipped  cream. 


a  thrill  out  of  thinking  of  the  pride  I 
had  when  I  bought  my  first  team  of 
horses  and  brought  them  home.  I  can 
still  look  down  that  long  line  of  cows, 
and  dream  of  all  the  hopes  and  am¬ 
bitions  I  had  of  making  those  cows  do 
their  best  to  make  our  fortune.  I 
should  have  known  from  boyhood  ex¬ 
perience  that  no  one  ever  gets  rich  at 
farming,  but,  thank  God,  it  is  the 
way  of  youth  to  dream  and  to  hope. 

Never  does  a  springtime  roll  around 
that  I  don’t  think  of  that  great  maple 
grove,  and  the  big  run  of  sap  that 
spring,  and  of  boiling  sap  in  the  old 
sap  house  all  night.  Remember  the 
great  field  of  corn  we  grew  that  year? 
As  memory  works  always,  I  have  for¬ 
gotten  the  hard  work  and  the  worry  of 
those  farming  years,  and  I  remember 
only  the  joy  of  raising  good  crops  and 
of  handling  a  good  dairy. 

*  *  * 

So,  Partner,  with  just  one  more 
chapter  to  follow  this,  we  will  bring 
to  a  close  our  tales  of  the  horse  and 
buggy  days.  They  were  great  days, 
were  they  not,  Partner?  But  in  turn¬ 
ing  our  faces  back,  let  us  not  forget 
to  turn  around  again  and  face  forward, 
for  there  are  great  days  to  come,  I’ll 
wager  that  boys  and  girls  privileged 
to  live  during  the  next  fifty  years,  if 
their  hearts  and  their  hopes  are  right, 
will  get  even  more  out  of  life  than  we 
cf  our  generation  have.  And  that  has 
been  plenty!  (To  Concluded) 


21  (375) 


American  Apr  June  20,  1942 


Th 


.he  movie  colony  has  had 
an  unusual  opportunity  to  see 
and  appreciate  how  fine  a  job 
the  USO  is  doing  for  our  men 
in  the  army  and  navy— through 
USO  clubhouses,  camp  shows 
and  many  other  services  that 
make  the  life  of  service  men 
easier  and  brighter. 

Because  we  know  this  and  be¬ 
lieve  in  it  so  strongly,  all  of  us 
in  Hollywood  are  giving  every¬ 
thing  we  can  to  support  this 
great  undertaking. 

Won’t  you  join  us?  Whatever 
you  can  give  will  help. 


Send  your  contribution  to  your  local 
USO  chairman  or  to  National  Head¬ 
quarters,  USO,  Empire  State  Building, 
New  York  City. 


FASHION  BOOK! 

5n 


Smart,  thrifty  women  everywhere 
will  welcome  the  summer  edition  of 
our  Fashion  Book,  the  “Victory”  is¬ 
sue.  It  is  full  of  new,  smart  styles 
which  exactly  fit  the  needs  of  the  hour. 

Many  who  sew  want  to  do  their  bit 
for  the  Red  Cross.  The  new  Fashion 
Book  contains  an  important  section  of 
officially  approved  Red  Cross  sewing 
designs. 

Every  page  of  this  interesting  and 
helpful  book  is  printed  in  full  color. 
Vou’ll  find  the  fabric  suggestions  a 
real  aid,  too.  Send  for  your  copy  now. 
1942  is  the  year  to  “Sew  and  Save.” 

order  this  Fashion  Book  send 
12c  in  stamps  or  coin  to  Pattern  De¬ 
partment,  American  Agriculturist,  10 
North  Cherry  Street,  Poughkeepsie, 
New  York. 


PeMxuuU  PtoldemA, 


SOMETIMES  HEROES 
STAY  HOME 

Dear  Lucile :  Your  letters  have  helped 
me  out  on  different  problems  I’ve  had 
and  I  wonder  what  your  answer  will  be 
to  this :  My  draft  number  is  coming  up 
soon,  and  my  parents  want  me  to  apply 
for  deferment  because  they  need  me  on 
the  farm. 

Is  this ^ fair?  I  want  to  go;  I  don’t 
want  to  be  stuck  out  here  in  the  country 
while  a  big  war  goes  on  around  me.  In 
years  to  come,  I’ll  have  to  sit  on  a  back 
seat  when  men  are  talking  over  their  war 
experiences.  And  I’m  afraid  the  neigh¬ 
bors  will  think  I’m  a  slacker.  It  is  true 
that  we’re  short  of  help,  but  I  think  they 
could  get  along  someway. 

I’m  terribly  unhappy  about  this.  What 
do  you  think? — Jack. 

I  can  understand  your  viewpoint  per¬ 
fectly,  Jack  ....  it’s  the  natural  one 
of  any  young,  strong  American  boy, 
and  we’d  all  feel  pretty  sunk  if  you 
didn’t  feel  just  the  way  you  do.  How¬ 
ever,  let’s  think  together  for  a  moment 
and  see  if  maybe  you’re  not  a  little 
mixed  up  on  your  heroes. 

You  want  to  be  a  hero,  don’t  you? 
That’s  the  real  reason  you’re  rebelling 
so  much  about  asking  for  a  deferment. 
When  you  see  yourself  in  the  war,  you 
don’t  see  trenches  ...  or  mud  ...  or 
men  shot  to  pieces  ...  or  dull,  routine 
days  of  drill  and  discipline,  do  you? 
You  see  bands  marching  and  flags 
waving  and  a  fine  figure  of  a  young 
man,  named  Jack  having  a  medal  pin¬ 
ned  on  his  chest  for  extreme  bravery 
under  fire. 

That’s  a  boy’s  conception  of  war  and 
heroes  .  .  .  but  it’s  not  altogether  that 
rosy,  Jack.  So  forget  the  “big-shot” 
ideas  for  a  moment  and  look  at  the  fine 
opportunity  right  at  hand  for  you  to 
be  a  hero. 

Picture  yourself  sticking  to  the  seat 
of  the  tractor  when  it’s  90  in  the  shade 
.  .  .  and  no  shade  .  .  .  plowing  corn 
that  soldiers  may  have  cereal,  perhaps. 
Picture  yourself  forcing  your  sleepy 
eyes  open  at  4  A.  M.  this  summer, 
stumbling  out  to  see  that  Jenny  and 
Rose  get  milked  so  that  a  hungry  child 
over  the  sea  may  have  a  piece  of 
cheese  to-  eat,  or  a  glass  of  milk  to 
drink.  Picture  yourself  helping  Moth¬ 
er  hoe  the  garden  so  that  the  family 
will  be  able  to  “eat  for  victory"  on 
good  home-grown  vegetables  .  .  .  worth 
a  king’s  ransom  in  many  European 
nations  crushed  beneath  the  heavy  heel 
of  their  temporary  (we  hope)  conquer¬ 
ors. 

It’s  easy  to  see  such  a  picture  as 
that,  isn’t  it,  for  that’s  just  what 
you’ve  done  every  summer  since  you 
were  a  small  boy.  But  there’s  special 
significance  to  it  this  year,  and  the 
man  who  drives  the  tractor  is  just  as 
much  a  hero  as  the  brave  man  who 
flies  over  Tokyo.  Stumbling  out  early 
to  milk  the  cows  is  just  as  much  a 
part  of  the  strategy  of  war  as  a  dawn 
attack  on  the  enemy. 


Don’t  Let  Your  Accident 

Insurance  Policy  Run  Out 

eLn011  rono6  b?en  .n°tifiecl  that  your  policy  is  to  run  out 
•  renew  it  right  away  with  our  agent  or  dirm, 
to  the  office. 

orth  American  Accident  Insurance  Co. 

,  N-  A.  ASSOCIATES  DEPT. 

,c  N0RTH  CHERRY  ST..  POUGHKEEPSIE.  N.  Y. 


If  you  have  a  problem,  write  to 
Eucile,  Personal  Problems  Editor, 
American  Agriculturist,  Box  367, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Be  sure  to  sign  your 
name  and  give  your  address,  as  un¬ 
signed  letters  will  not  be  answered. 
Your  name  will  be  kept  entirely 
confidential,  and  if  your  letter  is 
printed  in  these  columns,  your 
identity  will  be  carefully  disguised. 
Please  enclose  a  self-addressed, 
stamped  envelope  if  you  wish  a  per¬ 
sonal  reply  by  mail. 


“Well,  I’m  afraid  we’re  out  of  gas!” 


The  final  peace  may  be  written  down 
in  terms  of  potatoes,  Jack  .  .  .  and  you 
will  then  feel  that  you  not  only  fought 
to  win  the  war  .  .  .  but  to  win  the  peace 
as  well.  If  Dad  needs  you  at  home, 
stick  with  him.  Your  draft  board 
won’t  defer  you  anyway  unless  they 
decide  you  are  really  needed,  and  your 
neighbors  will  be  a  pretty  poor  sort  if, 
after  such  a  decision,  they  think  you 
are  a  slacker.  I’m  sure  they’ll  have 
no  such  thoughts. 

As  for  taking  a  back  seat  in  com¬ 
ing  years  while  men  talk  over  their 
war  experiences  .  .  .  don’t  let  that 
worry  you.  Men  don’t  talk  about 
them.  Their  only  wish  is  to  forget 
them  as  soon  as  possible. 

— a.  a.  — 

FORGET  HIM 

Dear  Lucile :  There  is  a  boy  in  high 
school  that  I  like  very  much,  but  just 
can’t  make  a  hit  with  him.  I  have  ask¬ 
ed  him  on  parties  and  picnics  and  he  will 
say  he  will  go,  but  the  time  comes  and 
he  doesn’t  show  up  and  never  gives  me 
a  word  of  explanation.  Sometimes  he 
doesn’t  even  bother  to  speak  to  me  after¬ 
wards,  He  has  been  paying^  attention 
to  another  girl,  but  says  he  doesn’t  like" 
her.  My  friends  tell  him  how  I  like  him, 
but  it  doesn’t  do  any  good.  What  should 
I  do? — Worried. 

Be  a  sensible  girl  and  don’t  eat  your 
heart  out  for  this  boy.  Surely  your 
good  common  sense  tells  you  that  he 
has  no  interest  in  you.  You’ve  tried 
too  hard;  he  has  broken  engagements 
and  not  even  said  “hello”  the  next  time 
he  saw  you;  he  likes  another  girl,  or 
is  at  least  attentive  to  her.  I  should 
think  that’s  proof  conclusive  that 
you’re  wasting  your  time.  Forget 
about  him  and  get  acquainted  with 
somebody  who  will  return  your  in¬ 
terest. 

—a.  a. —  _ 

HE  WON’T  CHANGE 

Dear  Lucile:  I  go  with  a  boy  that  I 
am  very  fond  of,  except  when  he  drinks 
and  becomes  unreasonable.  We  go  to 
dances  and  he  doesn’t  dance.  Instead  he 
goes  outside  with  the  fellows  and  drinks. 
By  the  time  the  evening  is  over,  he  is 
in  an  ugly  mood.  I’ve  tried  to  overcome 
this  by  saying  we  won’t  go  to  any  more 
dances,  but  he  thinks  I’m  trying  to  boss 
him  and  he  won’t  tolerate  that. 

He  is  generous  and  considerate  other¬ 
wise,  but  we  do  have  terrible  times  about 
this  drinking.  I  cry  and  plead  with  him 
to  give  it  up,  but  to  no  avail.  Nobody  is 
going  to  boss  him,  he  says.  What  do  you 
think  I  should  do? — Troubled  Tess. 

The  best  thing  you  could  do  would 
be  to  break  up  with  this  boy  who 
drinks  heavily  and  refuses  to  be  reason¬ 
able.  The  type  of  man  who  boasts 
that  “nobody  is  going  to  boss  him” 
makes  a  very  unsatisfactory  husband, 
for  he  is  usually  headstrong  and 
troublesome.  Not  that  you  get  mar¬ 
ried  with  the  thought  in  mind  of  “boss¬ 
ing,”  but  you  do  have  to  have  co¬ 
operation. 

I  realize  that  you  probably  care  for 
him  and  the  idea  of  being  sensible 
won’t  appeal  to  you  .  .  .  but  it’s  really 
the  best  policy.  Look  ahead  and  see 
if  you  really  feel  you  two  could  make 
any  kind  of  a  happy  life  together. 
Men  don’t  change  very  much  with 
marriage,  remember. 


A  WAR  MESSAGE  FROM  THE 
U.  S.  TREASURY  DEPARTMENT 


WINNING 
WAR 


on  the  farm 

IT’S  TRUE  that  no  planes 
roar  down  upon  your  home  .  .  . 
no  shells  plow  up  your  fields 
...  no  armies  trample  your  crops 
and  fields.  Yet  in  this  war,  vic¬ 
tory  begins  on  the  farm — by 
producing  more  Food  for  Free¬ 
dom — and  by  saving  more  in 
U.  S.  Bonds  and  Stamps! 

Here  indeed  is  an  opportunity 
every  American  will  welcome. 
For  by  saving  your  money,  you 
help  save  for  yourself  as  well  as 
your  country.  What’s  more, 
your  money  invested  in  U.  S. 
Bonds  helps  keep  down  the  prices 
of  the  things  you  buy;  helps 
make  the  money  you  spend  go 
further — now.  And  after  the  war 
you  will  want  a  lot  of  things  you 
probably  can’t  get  today,  any¬ 
way — new  equipment,  electric 
home  fixtures,  new  tires,  a  new 
car,  perhaps  a  modern  new  house 
or  barn.  By  putting  the  money 
you  would  otherwise  spend  for 
them  into  U.  S.  Bonds  and  keep¬ 
ing  it  up  regularly,  month  after 
month,  you  will  be  sure  of  having 
the  money  when  you  can  use  it 
best.  And  if  you  need  the  money 
before  then,  you  can  get  it  back — 
all  of  it — at  any  time  after  60  days 
from  issue  date.  Also,  the  Bonds 
are  yours — no  one  can  cash  them 
but  you. 

Don’t  delay — your  “fighting  dol¬ 
lars”  are  needed  now.  Go  to 
your  bank  or  post  office  for  full 
details. 


III 

BUY  U.S.  WAB 

' 


This  space  is  a  contribution  to  America’s 
all-out  war  program  by 


American  Agriculturist 


Steve  Brusko,  R.  I,  Hampton,  Conn. 

When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 

AVW.VAV^V.VVWWVV.VWW 


(376)  22 


American  Agriculturist,  June  20,  1942 


Kernels,  Screenings 
and  Chaff 

By  H.  E.  BABCOCK 


THIS  is  an  attempt  to  simplify 
the  directions  for  making  grass 
silage  without  the  use  of  pur¬ 
chased  molasses,  grain  prod¬ 
ucts  or  phosphoric  acid.  My  rea¬ 
son  for  doing  this  is  to  answer  in 
advance  some  of  the  questions 
about  grass  silage  which  keep 
pouring  in  to  me  from  readers  of 
this  page. 

Weedy  Hay 

More  and  more  farmers  are  com¬ 
ing  to  the  conclusion  that  the  only 
practical  way  to  deal  with  weedy 
hay  fields,  especially  fields  heavily 
infested  with  yellow  rocket,  is  to  cut 
the  crop  before  the  weeds  go  to  seed 
and  put  it  in  a  silo.  I  have  checked 
the  chemical  content  of  yellow 
rocket  when  it  is  in  bloom  and  find 
that  it  only  carries  enough  sugar  to 
take  care  of  itself  in  the  silo.  I  be¬ 
lieve  that  this  is  true  of  most  weeds. 
Ensiled  common  weeds  like  our 
common  grasses  do  not  contribute 
much  in  the  form  of  acid-making 
sugars  to  the  preservation  of  the 
clover  or  alfalfa  with  which  they 
may  be  groiving  but  they  do  take 
care  of  themselves. 

Legume  Stands 

There  are  few  pure  stands  of  clov¬ 
er  or  alfalfa  on  northeastern  farms. 
The  percentage  by  weight  of  weeds 
and  grasses  in  the  average  field  of 
clover  or  alfalfa  is  higher  than  most 
of  us  realize.  On  our  Larchmont 
Farm  we  took  100  pounds  of  green 
hay  out  of  the  swath  on  a  piece  of 
reasonably  clean  clover  new  seeding 
and  separated  by  hand  the  weeds 
and  grasses  from  the  clover.  They 
accounted  for  32%  of  the  100 
pounds  of  hay.  In  putting  up 
grass  silage  we  seldom  work  with 
100%  legumes. 

Windrowing 

We  cut  all  of  our  hay  for  grass  sil¬ 
age  with  a  windrower  attached  to 
the  mowing  machine.  So  far  as  I  can 
determine,  most  directions  for  wilt¬ 
ing  hay  are  based  on  hay  in  the 
swath.  It  takes  two  or  three  times 
as  long  to  wilt  green  hay  in  a  wind¬ 
row  as  it  does  when  it  is  in  the 
swath. 

On  muggy  days  it  has  taken 
heavy  stands  of  mixed  grasses,  clov¬ 
er  and  alfalfa  as  much  as  all  day  to 
drop  from  a  moisture  content  of 
over  80  to  around  67. 

When  it  comes  to  determining 
whether  hay  carries  more  than  67% 
moisture,  we  have  found  the  home¬ 
made  tester  pictured  on  this  page 
reliable.  We  safeguard  running 
the  moisture  down  too  low  by  ob¬ 
serving  the  way  the  chopped  ma¬ 
terial  packs  in  the  silo. 

Son  John,  after  having  run  be¬ 


tween  one  and  two  hundred  loads  of 
green  hay  through  the  chopper  and 
made  a  dozen  or  so  moisture  tests, 
is  beginning  to  think  that  he  can 
tell  when  green  hay  has  been  wilted 
about  right  by  feeling  of  it.  This  is 
an  art  which  all  grass  silage  mak¬ 
ers  may  have  to  master ,  just  as  ive 
all  had  to  learn  by  observation 
when  hay  is  dry  enough  to  go  in 
the  barn. 

Wilting 

Professor  J.  K.  Wilson  of  Cornell 
University  says  that  when  green  hay 
wilts  the  sugar  content  rises.  Since 
it  is  the  sugar  content  of  ensiled 
material  which  ferments  and  forms 
the  acids  which  pickle  the  silage, 
the  reason  for  wilting  legume  hay 
before  putting  it  into  the  silo  be¬ 
comes  apparent. 

In  addition,  I  favor  wilting  be¬ 
cause  our  moisture  tests  show  that 
our  fresh  cut  hay  contains  over 
80%  moisture  while  around  67%  is 
considered  ideal  for  making  silage. 
I  can  see  no  point  in  hauling  10 
or  15%  more  tonnage  than  is 
necessary  just  to  have  it  run  out 
of  the  silo  in  the  form  of  stinkir 
juice  which  may  also  be  carrying 
out  with  it  a  good  deal  of  valuable 
food  and  preserving  materials. 

Mixtures 

Of  the  farm  grown  green  mater¬ 
ials  which  may  be  mixed  in  with 
pure  legumes  to  furnish  some  extra 
sugar  to  preserve  them,  I  feel  sure 
winter  barley  is  at  the  top  of  the 
list.  It  seems  to  be  carrying  its  max¬ 
imum  sugar  content  just  when  clov¬ 
er  and  alfalfa  should  be  cut. 

Next  in  value,  in  my  opinion, 
comes  winter  wheat.  As  I  have  re¬ 
ported,  we  have  made  excellent  sil¬ 
age  out  of  clover  and  alfalfa  by  mix¬ 
ing  in  both  winter  barley  and  wheat. 

TSow  that  the  wilting  technique 
has  come  along ,  /  am  inclined  to 
rely  on  the  grasses  and  weeds  tak¬ 
ing  care  of  themselves  in  our  silos 
and  on  wilting  the  legumes  to  be¬ 
tween  65  and  70%  moisture. 

Of  all  natural  seeding  mixtures 
for  grass  silage  and  pastures  I  am 
inclined  to  favor  orchard  grass  and 
ladino  clover. 

Plugging  the  Silo 

It  is  our  experience  and  the  ex¬ 
perience  of  others  that  it  is  good 
practice  to  have  the  last  10%  of  the 
material  which  goes  into  a  silo  car¬ 
ry  as  much  moisture  as  possible.  In 
the  case  of  grass  this  means  freshly 
cut  stuff.  Treading  of  the  top  of  a 
silo  and  sprinkling  it,  when  water  is 
available,  for  as  much  as  10  days 
after  the  silo  is  filled  will  cut  down 
materially  on  wastage. 


We  pack  samples  of  the  chopped  material  in  the  pipe  which  is  perforated  with  4  rows 
of  3/16  inch  holes  %  inch  apart  on  center,  10  holes  in  each  row  starting  y2  inch  from 
the  bottom  of  the  pipe.  Then  the  plunger  is  inserted  as  shown  in  the  picture  and  the 
2x4  placed  in  position  as  a  lever  to  force  the  plunger  into  the  pipe.  A  prescribed 
weight  is  hung  on  the  2x4  for  a  full  minute.  If  during  this  period  juice  is  forced  out 
through  the  holes  in  the  pipe,  silage  will  contain  more  than  68%  moisture. 


To  determine  when  the  grass  we  are  putting  in  our  silo  contains  more  than  68% 
moisture,  we  are  using  the  homemade  moisture  tester  shown  above.  It  consists  of  a 
10  inch  piece  of  2  inch  pipe  open  at  each  end,  a  hard  wood  plunger  12  inches  long' 
pointed  at  one  end  and  flat  on  the  other  which  fits  the  pipe  snugly,  and  a  piece  of 

2x4  about  5  feet  long. 


To  check  the  accuracy  of  the  homemade  moisture  tester  we  arranged  for  the  use  of 
the  scales  showrn  above  which  determine  moisture  content  by  a  chemical  test.  " 6 
then  put  the  problem  up  to  the  boys  on  the  farm  to  run  enough  chemical  moisture 
tests  so  as  to  be  sure  of  the  accuracy  of  their  homemade  tester  and  to  learn  to  judge 
by  feel  w'hen  green  material  contained  from  65^to  70%  moisture,  which  is  said  to  b® 

ideal  for  grass  silage. 

Detailed  drawing  and  instructions  for  making  and  operating  the  homemade  moisture 

tester  will  be  gladly  sent  on  request. 


American  Agriculturist,  June  20,  1942 


23  (377) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 

By  Jl.  Jt .  Godlisie 


roosters  again 

“We  saw  the  article  in  the  Service  Bu¬ 
reau  Department  concerning  the  chick 
racket,  so  thought  I  would  tell  you  of 
my  experience.  On  March  30,  1942,  two 
men  stopped  here  just  as  we  had  finished 
lunch  and  wanted  to  know  if  we  would  be 
interested  in  buying  some  White  Leghorn 
chicks ;  said  they  had  brought  them  to  a 
certain  party  and  they  were  not  at  home, 
so  they  were  trying  to  sell  them  before 
returning  home  because  their  hatcheries 
were  full.  They  asked  10c  for  them.  We 
had  planned  to  get  white  chicks  this  year 
but  weren’t  quite  ready  yet;  he  kept 
dropping  the  price  and  it  was  quite  an 
inducement. 

“There  were  400  chicks,  and  we  finally 
f  decided  to  take  them  for  $26.00.  They  are 
a  fine  bunch  of  roosters  seven  weeks  old 
1  today.  There  may  be  25  or  30  pullets 
among  them.  Only  one  man  came  in;  he 
was  tall,  quite  dark  complexioned.  The 
other  man  was  fleshy.  These  two  men 
came  in  a  nice  looking  green  car. 

“We  paid  cash  for  these  chicks  and 
never  got  a  bill  or  receipt.  After  they 
had  gone  we  began  to  wonder  if  there 
might  be  something  crooked  about  it, 
maybe  they  were  stolen  or  something. 
They  had  tried  to  sell  several  places  be¬ 
fore  they  got  here,  we  have  learnd.” 

Again,  we  urge  our  subscribers  never 
to  buy  chicks  from  peddlers  who  are 
unknown  to  them.  In  spite  of  the  fact 
that  an  occasional  man  who  tries  this 
stunt  is  caught,  the  racket  is  still  be¬ 
ing  worked.  If  anyone  comes  to  your 
place  with  a  similar  story,  get  the 
license  number  of  the  car,  and  notify 
the  State  Troopers  at  once.  In  doing 
so,  you  may  be  saving  some  money 
for  your  neighbor. 

—W.  R.,  New  York. 

—  A.  A. — 

BARN  TROI  RI.ES 

“We  recently  had  a  barn  built  under 
contract.  Although  it  was  not  absolutely 
finished,  it  was  nearly  completed  when 
the  contractor  went  into  bankruptcy. 
Now  a  man  who  furnished  some  material 
to  the  contractor  has  put  a  lien  on  the 
barn  in  an  attempt  to  get  his  pay.  Can 
he  do  this,  and  what  can  we  do  for  our 
own  protection?” 

This  subscriber  is  in  an  uncomfort¬ 
able  situation,  and  the  facts  back  of 
that  situation  should  be  known  by 
farmers  for  their  own  protection.  In 
this  case,  if  the  contract  was  let  for  a 
definite  specified  price  and  the  full 
amount  of  the  contract  was  not  paid 
to  the  contractor,  dealers  who  furnish 
material  for  the  barn  can  undoubtedly 
protect  themselves  by  putting  in  a 
claim  for  the  balance  on  the  contract 
not  paid  to  the  contractor  but  due  him 
when  he  quit.  If  the  contract  was  let 
on  a  cost  plus  basis,  there  is  a  distinct 


Claims  Recently 

Settled 

by  the  Service  Bureau 

NEW  YORK 

Mrs-  F.  J.  Burnett,  Webster  _  _ 

_ $  44.00 

(Settlement  on  nursery  stock) 

Clarence  Bennett,  Mattituck  _ 

_  8.00 

(Claim  settled) 

Frank  Youmans,  McLean  _ 

.  106.55 

(Pay  for  cabbage) 

Mrs.  Merlyn  Edinger,  Tully  _ 

_  3.50 

(Adjustment  on  dogs) 

Raymond  Shipman,  Franklinville 

.  5.95 

(Adjustment  on  money  order) 

G-  A.  Woodworth,  Canandaigua _ 

_  5.00 

(Payment  on  account) 

Mrs.  Ralph  Stevens,  Altamont  _ 

_  3.10 

(Settlement  on  mail  order) 

Benjamin  Morse,  Monticello  _ 

. .  8.14 

(Settlement  on  a  milk  bill) 

Mrs.  Anna  Ba.ley,  Ashland  __  _ 

_  7.00 

(Claim  settled) 

Mrs.  Alvene  Rathbun,  Alpine  _ 

.  6.93 

(Pay  for  eggs) 

Miss  Marion  Peck.  Constantia  _ 

_  3.75 

(Claim  settled) 

Donald  Tall,  Martville  _ _ 

_  22.43 

(Claim  settled) 

_.  .  NEW  JERSEY 

Edwin  L.  Smith.  Sergeantsville _ 

_  27.01 

(Settlement  on  tomatoes) 

_.  ,  VERMONT 

Stanley  Lareau.  Swanton 

.  97.00 

(Settlement  on  gravel) 

MASSACHUSETTS 
William  E.  Dennett,  Williamstown-- 

_  25.00 

(Claim  adjusted) 

TOTAL _ 

_ $373.36 

possibility  that  firms  that  supplied  ma¬ 
terials  could  put  a  lien  on  the  barn 
and  collect  the  full  price  of  materials 
furnished. 

The  possibilities  back  of  this  situa¬ 
tion  show  the  importance,  first,  of 
knowing  something  of  the  financial 
condition  of  the  contractor,  and  second, 
of  having  a  lawyer  look  over  the  con¬ 
tract  before  it  is  signed  to  be  sure 
that  the  risks  involved  are  kept  at  a 
minimum. 

—a.  a. — 

SOLD! 

“Yesterday  a  man  called  here  and  said 
he  was  selling  rugs  that  were  supposed 
to  be  given  as  a  bonus  to  stores  that 
were  handling  them.  He  had  a  rug  that 
was  a  genuine  Sarouk  made  in  Persia. 

I  expressed  some  disbelief,  but  he  said 
over  and  oVer  that  it  was  a  genuine  im¬ 
ported  rug.  I  gave  him  $80.00  for  it.  Af¬ 
ter  he  had  the  money,  he  seemed  in  a 
hurry  to  get  away,  which  aroused  my 
suspicions.  I  have  found  the  same  rug 
can  be  bought  in  a  local  department  store 
for  less  than  $25.00.  What  can  be  done?” 

Inasmuch  as  the  license  number  of 
the  car  was  not  taken,  it  is  doubtful 
that  this  man  can  be  located.  The  sub¬ 
scriber  who  wrote  the  letter  conies 
from  Western  New  York.  If  you  have 
a  call  from  a  man  who  follows  the 
tactics  described  here,  inform  your 
nearest  State  Trooper  at  once. 

The  fact  that  this  man  admitted 
that  these  rugs  were  supposed  to  go 
as  bonuses  to  dealers  was  sufficient 
grounds  for  refusing  to  deal  with  him. 

— a.  a.  — 

SMALL  RUT  IMPORTANT 

“About  a  month  ago,  I  received  a  card 
from  Pike  Brothers,  Growers,  of  St. 
Charles,  Illinois.  They  asked  me  to  send 
them  6  post  cards  addressed  to  friends  of 
mine,  and  10c.  They  said  they  would 
send  us  rose  bushes  for  our  trouble.  I 
sent  the  cards  and  the  10c  but  never 
heard  a  word  from  them.  It’s  a  small 
sum  but  I  object  to  being  ‘gypped.’  ” 

This  spring  we  have  had  many  simi¬ 
lar  letters.  An  adjustment  has  been 
made  when  called  to  the  attention  of 
Pike  Brothers,  but  we  always  wonder 
how  many  readers  never  bother  to 
complain  about  so  small  a  matter,  and 
therefore  are  “out”  16  cents  and  their 
time.  The  Service  Bureau  does  not 
approve  of  “chain  selling.” 

—  A.  A.— 

PROMISES 

“About  a  month  ago,  a  pqultry  buyer 
from  Jersey  City,  New  Jersey,  called  on 
a  neighbor  of  mine.  He  bought  some 
hens  and  in  pay  for  them  promised  to 
bring  some  five-month-old  pullets.  He 
was  to  bring  them  in  a  day  or  two,  but 
as  yet  nothing  has  been  seen  of  him.  I 
hope  this  account  will  save  some  other 
poultryman  from  a  similar  loss.” 

Any  person  who  extends  credit  to  a 
poultry  buyer  is  taking  a  definite  risk. 
Certainly  in  all  cases,  even  though  pay¬ 
ment  is  made  either  by  check  or  by 
cash,  a  record  should  be  kept  of  the 
license  number  so  the  man  can  be  lo¬ 
cated  if  you  want  to  get  in  touch  with 
him  later. 

—  A.  A. — 

AUTO  TAX 

On  July  1  a  $5  Use  Tax  Stamp  must 
be  purchased  and  displayed  on  auto¬ 
mobiles  and  trucks.  The  Treasury  De¬ 
partment  has  ruled  that  such  stamps 
are  not  required  on  New  York  State 
farm  trucks  which  carry  a  $1  farm 
license. 

—  a.  a. — 

“Many  thanks  for  your  help.  You 
ire  doing  a  wonderful  service  for  peo¬ 
ple  like  myself  who  can’t  afford  to  lose 
even  so  small  a  sum.  By  the  way,  the 
amount  is  going  toward  a  war  bond.” 


Mr.  John  Lyszczarz,  Deansboro,  N.  Y.,  is  shown  receiving  his  two 
$500.00  checks  from  our  agent,  John  Pryor  of  Chadwicks,  New  York. 


Mr.  Lyszczarz  Tells  About  His  Accident 


“It  happened  in  the  late  afternoon 
up  by  Marten’s  place,  you  know 
where  that  bend  in  the  hill  is.  I  had 
just  been  in  town  delivering  the  eggs 
and  was  on  my  way  home.  I  was 
coming  down  the  hill  and  had  just 
thrown  the  car  into  gear  when  she 
started  to  get  away  from  me.  I  put 
on  the  brakes,  but  the  road  was  too 
icy.  You  remember  that  cold  rain  we 
hat)  just  a  little  before.  It  was 
frozen  all  over. 

“The  car  smashed  into  a  tree,  and 
my  head  smacked  into  the  electric 
fan  on  the  windshield.  I  didn’t  feel 
nothing.  It’s  a  funny  thing  that  I 
wasn’t  knocked  out. 


“Then  I  noticed  my  forehead  was 
bleeding  so  I  took  out  my  handker¬ 
chief  and  put  it  up  to  my  eye.  I 
didn’t  know  that  it  was  bad.  I  climb¬ 
ed  out  of  the  wrecked  car  and  went 
up  to  Martens.  They  called  my  boy, 
and  then  we  went  to  the  doctor. 

“I  didn’t  know  my  eye  was  gone  un¬ 
til  they  took  me  to  the  hospital  in 
Utica.  I  hadn’t  had  an  accident  for 
eleven  years  and  then  this  happened 
— and  I  was  only  about  a  mile  an’  a 
half  from  home. 

“I  wouldn’t  take  $5000.00  for  my 
eye,  but  these  two  $500.00  checks  will 
certainly  be  a  big  help.” 


A  Big  Return  from  a  Small  Investment 


—were  received  by  Mr.  Lyszczarz  on  his  two 
low  cost  Travel  accident  policies. 

Keep.  'Ijou'i  Policy  Renewed 


North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co 

Oldest  and  Cargest  Exclusive  ’’Jfeahft  and  Occident  Company  in  America 

N.  A. Associates  Department  Poughkeepsie,  ny. 


That's  what  made  the  Big  Difference 

between  Pearl  Harbor  and  Midway  Islands 


WHEN  the  Japanese  struck  at  Pearl  Harbor 
they  found  the  garrison  and  naval  station 
unprepared  because  the  nation  was  unpre¬ 
pared.  The  reasons  why  don't  count  now.  But 
the  fact  is  that  the  people  of  this  nation  were 
not  of  one  mind  concerning  the  reality  of  the 
Axis  threat  to  these  shores.  The  fact  is  that 
this  nation  was  not  united  and  that  many  bit¬ 
ter  and  ambitious  people  were  willing  to  risk 
national  disaster  rather  than  to  admit  that 
their  opinions  were  wrong. 


Six  months  of  war  have  changed  all  that.  . 
The  army,  the  navy  and  the  nation  were  all 
working  together  at  Midway  Islands.  They 
knew  the  Japanese  were  coming  before  they 
started.  American  bombers  were  ready  and 
waiting.  American  ships  and  guns  were 
ready.  American  industry  and  munitions 
were  ready.  America  did  at  Midway  Islands 
what  America  could  have  done  at  Pearl  Har¬ 
bor  had  all  Americans  been  thinking  and 
acting  as  one. 


The  RIGHT  TO  DISAGREE  is  a  PRECIOUS  PRIVILEGE, 

But  Voluntary  Cooperation  Gets  More  Work  Done 


We  who  live  on  farms  and  whose  roots  reach  deep  into  the  free  soil  of  in¬ 
dependent  thought  and  action,  value  highly  our  Constitutional  right  to  free 
speech.  It's  our  right  to  disagree  whenever  we  want  to.  We  wouldn't  let 
anyone  take  it  away  from  us.  But  we,  also,  know  that  talk  is  cheap,  and 
that  a  lot  of  hands  working  together  will  put  more  hay  in  the  barn  than  all 
the  arguments  and  speeches  ever  made. 

In  all  our  farm  efforts  to  get  together  and  to  work  together  for  the 
common  good,  many  of  us  have  talked  too  much  and  worked  too  little.  But 
we'd  all  be  better  off  if  we'd  just  jump  in  and  lend  a  hand,  instead  of  trying 
to  prove  that  we  are  right  and  our  neighbor  is  wrong.  We  can't  all  be  right 
all  the  time.  But  we  can  work  together  all  the  time.  And  that's  what  wins 
the  battles  whether  at  Midway  Islands,  or  in  this  milkshed.  So  let's  not 
ask,  "why  don't  you  do  it  my  way?"  Let's  ask  instead,  "why  can't  we  all 
do  it  better?"  And  let's  mean  it.  Go  to  your  next  cooperative  meeting  and 
say,  "let  me  help."  You'll  get  a  hearty  welcome  and  plenty  of  work  to  do. 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 


IN  THIS  ISSUE  RENTAL  RATES  FOR  FARM  MACHINERY,  Page  3;  LEWIS  OR  LIBERTY,  Page  7;  RULES  FOR  DIS- 

PLAYING  THE  FLAG,  Page  7;  A  PIECE  OF  WIRE  KILLED  HER,  Page  12;  VEGETABLE  COOKING, 
r«ge  18;  STRETCH  YOUR  CANNING  SUGAR,  Page  19;  KERNELS,  SCREENINGS  AND  CHAFF,  Page  22. 


'•'V; 


-M.. 


19  4  2 


JULY  4  , 

The  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative 
is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


SUM  PICKINGS 

Grass  Grows  Slow  W  hen  It  s  90  in  the  Shade 


This  picture  shows  why  cows  often  drop  way 
off  in  production  in  July.  The  pasture  starts 
out  good — there’s  lots  of  moisture — then  hot 
weather  comes  along,  and  the  grass  stands  still. 

On  lush  pasture,  a  pretty  good  cow  can  some¬ 
times  get  by  with  no  other  feed;  a  real  good  cow 
can’t  quite  hold  her  own.  On  midsummer  pasture, 
any  cow  that’s  making  20  pounds  of  milk  needs 
some  grain.  She  just  can’t  harvest  enough  grass  to 
keep  her  going. 

One  to  Four.  A  pound  of  grain  to  four  or  five  of 
milk  is  about  average  for  cows  on  fair  pasture.* 
A  16%  to  20%  protein  feed  that  includes  minerals 
is  best.  G.L.F.  18%  Legume  Dairy  or  20%  Ex¬ 
change  Dairy  are  the  standbys  for  cows  on 
pasture.  A  newer  feed,  and  a  good  one,  is  G.L.F. 
War  Ration,  guaranteed  16%  protein  but  actually 
running  considerably  higher.  Shipped  in  second¬ 
hand  bags,  and  made  up  of  the  best  buys  on  the 
ingredient  market,  War  Ration  provides  di¬ 


gestible  nutrients  about  as  cheaply  as  they  can 
be  bought. 

Fall  Cows.  Cows  that  are  dry  or  soon  will  be, 
will  pay  off  in  extra  milk  next  winter  for  the  grain 
they  get  this  summer.  Feed  them  some  home¬ 
grown  grain  plus  minerals,  or  G.L.F.  Fitting 
Rati  op,  to  bring  them  through  the  summer  in 
good  flesh. 

Extra  Pasture.  When  pastures  dry  up,  tem¬ 
porary  pasture  can  be  quickly  provided  by  fencing 
an  early-cut  meadow  with  a  one-wire  electric 
fence.  Your  G.L.F.  Service  Agency  can  provide 
electric  fence  controllers  that  will  run  on  either 
batteries  or  high-line  power.  They  don’t  cost 
much,  and  they  use  so  little  juice  that  you  can 
hardly  tell  it  on  your  electric  bill. 

*Your  G.L.F.  Service  Agency  can  give  you  a  chart  showing 
how  much  grain  each  cow  should  have,  according  to  the 
amount  of  milk  she  produces. 


O rder  ahead  on  your  food  supplies  .  .  . 


Last  year  thousands  of  farm  families 
signed  up  in  advance  for  the  G.L.F. 
canned  items  to  supplement  those 
things  they  figured  on  canning  at  home. 

Having  these  orders  in  advance  made 
it  possible  to  move  many  products  in 
case  lots  at  the  time  of  harvest  direct  to 
the  folks  who  used  them.  In  this  way 
savings  were  made  by  the  G.L.F. 
patron  who  grew  these  products  as 
well  as  the  G.L.F.  patron  user. 

This  year,  there  is  an  added  reason  to 
put  in  your  advance  order  just  as  soon 
as  you  can. 

That  is  that  Uncle  Sam  has  first  call 
on  all  foodstuffs.  Our  government  has 


already  placed  its  advance  order  for 
about  30%  of  this  year’s  production. 

Tin  is  short,  too.  Part  of  the  G.L.F. 
pack  is  in  glass  jars  this  year.  Perhaps 
you  will  have  to  take  some  of  your  re¬ 
quirements  packed  in  glass.  Every¬ 
thing  for  the  government  must  be 
packed  in  tin. 

How  to  Order 

Your  G.L.F.  Service  Agency  has  a 
chart  with  the  items  for  you  to  check 
and  a  place  to  write  your  name. 

Note:  Regardless  of  date  of  delivery, 
lowest  prices  apply  if  you  order  before 
August  1. 


Here  are  the  items  that  you  can  get 
this  year  in  case-lots  at  minimum  costs: 


Cut  Green  Beans 
Cut  Wax  Beans 
Green  Lima  Beans 
Cut  Beets 
Diced  Beets 
Shoestring  Beets 
Sliced  Beets 
Small  Whole  Beets 
Diced  Carrots 
Shoestring  Carrots 
Sliced  Carrots 
Cream  Style  Corn 
Whole  Kernel  Corn 
Tender  Sweet  Peas 
Pumpkin 


Sauerkraut 

Spinach 

Succotash 

Tomatoes 

Applesauce 

Cherries  in  Syrup 

Cherries  in  Water 

Peaches  in  Syrup 

Pears  in  Syrup 

Black  Raspberries 

Columbian  Raspberries 

Red  Raspberries 

Apple  Juice 

Tomato  Juice 

Ketchup 


Coop6i dtivc  G.L.F.  Exchange,  Inc.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

•  ^ 


THE  FARM  FRONT 


Highlights  from  G.L.F.’s 
Weekly  Radio  Report 


FARM  PROBLEM  Gasoline  rationing 
and  the  scrap  rubber 
NUMBER  ONE  drive  are  two  evi¬ 
dences  of  the  trans¬ 
portation  problefn  wThich  became  one  of 
the  most  serious  of  all  our  war  problems 
almost  the  moment  war  was  declared.  It  is 
the  problem  of  getting  war  workers  to  their 
jobs,  of  getting  raw  materials  to  the  plants 
and  the  finished  products  to  the  place 
where  they  are  to  be  used.  It  is  the  problem 
of  delivering  feed  and  other  farm  supplies 
to  farmers,  and  of  getting  milk  and  eggs, 
grain  and  vegetables  to  war  workers,  and 
to  soldiers  and  sailors.  A  great  share  of  the 
burden  of  keeping  all  these  things  moving 
falls  on  cars  and  trucks  which  are  getting 
older  every  day,  and  on  tires  which  can 
never  be  replaced. 

To  take  just  one  example — most  of  the 
country’s  milk  trucks  will  be  off  the  road 
in  less  than  two  years  unless  some  means 
of  saving  tires  are  put  into  effect  im¬ 
mediately. 

Every-other-day  deliveries,  elimination  of 
Sunday  deliveries,  making  collections  and 
deliveries  on  the  same  trip,  are  among  the 
methods  that  the  distributors  are  using 
to  conserve  their  tires.  Even  so,  inside  of 
two  years  many  of  these  distributors  will 
be  delivering  by  horse  and  wagon,  if  at  all. 


ORDER  AHEAD  ON  But  the  transporta¬ 
tion  problem  is  not 
WHAT  YOU  NEED  merely  one  of  con¬ 
serving  our  own 
tires.  It  is  one  of  making  the  best  possible 
use  of  all  the  transportation  facilities  of 
the  country. 

One  of  the  biggest  ways  a  farmer  can 
help  is  by  ordering  the  things  he  will  need 
well  in  advance  and  taking  them  when¬ 
ever  he  can  get  them.  This  does  not  mean 
hoarding — it  means  planned  buying.  Coal 
is  one  of  the  things  that  Uncle  Sam  would 
like  to  have  everyone  order  now  and  take 
now  instead  of  waiting  until  fall.  Almost 
anything  that  will  be  needed  next  fall  or 
winter  might  well  be  ordered  now.  Anti¬ 
freeze  is  an  example.  Lime  is  another  one; 
Lime  can  even  be  taken  and  spread  on  the 
farm  any  time  of  the  year.  Remember  that 
every  essential  supply  that  you  get  onto 
your  farm  this  summer  will  help  to  relieve 
the  transportation  peak  next  fall. 


MACHINERY  To  make  sure  that  farm 
machines  are  used  for 
AND  SUGAR  farming  onhj  is  the  object 
of  the  new  supplement  to 
the  Farm  Machinery  Limitation  Order. 
Under  this  Order,  no  one  may  sell  farm 
machinery,  or  equipment,  or  attachments, 
except  for  use  in  producing  farm  crops. 

Coupons  5  and  6  in  the  sugar  ration 
books  will  be  valid  for  4  weeks  instead  of 
two,  as  a  convenience  to  the  public,  the 
Office  of  Price  Administration  has  an¬ 
nounced.  The  individual  allowance  of  a 
half  pound  a  week  will  remain  unchanged. 
Under  this  plan,  Stamp  Number  5,  good 
for  the  purchase  of  two  pounds,  instead 
of  one,  as  was  the  case  with  the  first  four 
stamps,  will  be  good  between  June  28  and 
midnight  July  25.  Stamp  6  will  be  valid 
from  July  26  to  midnight  August  22. 


*The  Farm  Front  Today 

Every  MONDAY  on  these  Stations 

Watertown 
Rochester 
Syracuse 
Troy 
Bridgeton 
Newburgh 
Scranton 
Buffalo 

Also  G.L.F.  newscasts  over  Station 
WHCU,  Ithaca,  Dial  870,  every  day 
at  7:00  A.M.;  7:50  A.M.;  12:00 
Noon;  7:30  P.M. 


WATN 

12:05 

P.M. 

WHAM 

7:12 

A.M. 

WSYR 

12:35 

P.M. 

WTRY 

12:15 

P.M. 

WSNJ 

12:30 

P.M. 

WGNY 

1:05 

P.M. 

WGBI 

7:00 

A.M. 

WBEN 

12:50 

P.M. 

Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  July  4,  1942 


3  (381) 


YOU  **  YOUR  FARM 

a/ud  tfte  WA 


J 


HIRING  FARM  TOOLS 

One  way  to  get  more  service  from 
farm  machines  is  either  to  trade  work 
with  your  neighbor  or  to  rent  machines 
from  him.  One  problem  in  the  past 
has  been  how  much  rent  to  charge. 
H.  W.  Riley  and  V.  B.  Hart  of  the  New 
York  State  College  of  Agriculture 
make  the  following  rental  rate  sugges¬ 
tions,  based  on  the  cost  of  the  machine 
and  the  average  life  of  it: 

Two-way  sulky  plow  . $  .50  per  acre 

Tractor  plow,  2  bottom . . 75  per  acre 

Spring-tooth  harrow . 10  per  acre 

Disc  harrow  . 12  per  acre 

Spike-tooth  harrow  . 05  p'er  acre 

Land  roller  . 05  per  acre 

Corrugated  roller  pulverizer  .20  per  acre 

Corn  planter,  2  row  . 35  per  acre 

Potato  planter  . 75  per  acre 

Grain  drill  . 35  per  acre 

Cabbage  setter  . .50  per  acre 

Riding  cultivator,  team . , . .20  per  acre 

Weeder  . .10  per  acre 

Mower  . 30  per  acre 

Side  delivery  rake  . 30  per  acre 

Potato  digger  . 2.00  per  acre 

Grain  binder  . 75  per  acre 

Corn  binder  .  1.50  per  acre 

Lime  sower  . 25  per  acre 

Hay  loader  . 10  per  load 

Manure  spreader  . 10  per  load 

Ensilage  cutter  . 20  per  ton 

—  A.  A. — 

GAS  RATIONING 
OVERHAULED 

Permanent  gas  rationing,  originally 
scheduled  for  July  35,  is  postponed  un¬ 
til  July  22.  Up  to  July  15,  value  of 
units  will  be  doubled  from  three  to  six 
gallons.  From  the  15th  to  the  22nd, 
seal  in  upper  lefthand  corner  will  be 
punched  for  gas.  Three  gallons  will  be 
allowed  for  “A”  cards,  four  for  “B-l”, 
five  for  “B-2”,  and  six  for  “B-3.” 

Permanent  books  will  be  issued  July 
9,  10  and  11.  Everybody  will  get  an 
“A”  book  containing  six  sheets  of  eight 
coupons  3ach,  representing  a  year’s 
supply  of  gasoline  to  the  holder.  Gos¬ 
sip  says  that  each  coupon  will  be  worth 
about  four  gallons,  but  that  isn’t  cer¬ 
tain. 

If  you  can  prove  that  an  “A”  book 
will  not  meet  your  needs,  you  can  ap¬ 
ply  to  the  Rationing  Board  for  a  sup¬ 
plemental  “B”  or  “C”  book.  The  “B” 
book  will  contain  sixteen  coupons,  or 
less  (some  may  be  torn  out  by  Ration¬ 
ing  Board),  which  must  last  for  at  least 
three  months.  “C”  books  will  be  issued 
where  a  maximum  “B”  allowance  is 
insufficient  and  where  driver  performs 
essential  services  such  as  medical  care, 
maintenance  of  public  utilities,  trans¬ 
porting  farm  labor,  giving  religious 
comfort  or  assistance,  or  making  offi¬ 
cial  trips  on  government  business. 

Take  all  talk  about  pipelines  for  gas 
and  oil,  rubber  salvage  campaign,  and 
other  optimistic  statements  with  a 
grain  of  salt.  Gas  rationing,  we  think, 
is  here  for  the  duration. 

—a.  a. — 

EGG  CASES  SHORT 

Shortage  of  used  egg  cases  is  caus¬ 
ing  poultrymen  some  headaches.  Situa¬ 
tion  should  ease  because  peak  of  egg 
production  for  year  is  now  past.  Short¬ 
age  resulted  because  shipment  of  new 
cases  into  the  Northeast  from  Mid¬ 
west  and  Pacific  Coast  has  been  less 
han  normal.  Conclusion  is  that  poul- 
iyrnen  must  buy  some  new  cases  to 
meet  situation. 

New  cases  are  available  from  North¬ 


eastern  Poultry  Producers  Council,  11 
West  State  St.,  Trenton,  N.  J.  Also 
the  Express  Containers  Corp.,  227 
West  61st  St.,  New  York  City,  has 
new  corrugated  fibreboard  egg  cases 
for  sale.  For  local  markets,  orange 
crates  can  be  used,  although  not  ac¬ 
ceptable  for  shipment  to  New  York 
City. 

The  New  York  State  Department  of 
Agriculture  and  Markets  is  constantly 
assembling  information  about  sources 
of  new  and  used  cases,  as  well  as  other 
used  containers.  Write  Jules  Cherniak, 
Department  of  Agriculture  and  Mar¬ 
kets,  Albany,  New  York. 

Story  that  Army  camps  are  burning 
egg  cases  is  no  longer  true.  Practice 
has  been  stopped. 

— a.  a. — 

FARM  HELP  AND 
DEFERMENT 

Local  Draft  Boards  usually  check 
with  the  U.  S.  Employment  Service 
Office  in  the  county  relative  to  the  sup¬ 
ply  of  farm  labor  available.  For  this 
reason,  it  is  important  that  farmers 
make  their  needs  for  farm  help  known 
to  the  U.  S.  Employment  Service. 

It  works  out  this  way.  If  the  U.  S. 
Employment  Office  knows  that  the  de¬ 
mand  for  farm  labor  far  exceeds  the 
supply,  the  information  is  passed  on 
to  the  Draft  Boards,  and  they  are  more 
likely  to  defer  essential  farm  workers. 

— a.  a.  — 

SOLDIERS  PAY  "UPPED” 

New  law  signed  June  17  boosts  mini¬ 
mum  pay  for  soldiers  and  sailors  to 
$50  a  month  ($60  for  foreign  service), 
making  our  armed  forces  the  best  paid 
of  any  in  the  world.  Increase  covers 
those  up  to  and  including  Second  Lieu¬ 
tenants  in  the  Army  and  Ensigns  in 
the  Navy,  increasing  pay  of  these  offi¬ 
cers  from  $1500  to  $1800  a  year. 

Now  being  considered  is  a  bill  pro¬ 
viding  for  financial  assistance  by  gov¬ 
ernment  for  dependents  of  soldiers  and 
sailors. 

— a.  a. — 

SUPPLIES 

TIN — Effective  July  1,  there  will  be  a 
further  10%  cut  in  the  use  of  tin  for 
unnecessary  civilian  use. 

BEDS — Use  of  iron  and  steel  in  the 
production  of  “inner  spring”  mattresses 
or  pads  prohibited  after  September  1. 

BUILDING —  War  Production  Board 
announces  that  cost  limits  on  new  con¬ 
struction  do  not  include  cost  of  used 
material  that  does  not  change  owner¬ 
ship,  or  cost  of  ditch  digging  and 
grading. 

PAILS — Restrictions  have  been  remov¬ 
ed  on  the  use  of  metal  to  make  wooden 
pails  and  tubs  where  metal  does  not 
exceed  15%  of  the  weight  of  the  prod¬ 
uct  . 

FEED  —  Western  Congressmen  are 
fighting  idea  of  selling  government- 
owned  grain  below  parity,  but  best 
guess  is  that  program  will  continue, 
tending  to  hold  down  feed  prices  in 
the  Northeast. 

FARM  TOOLS — War  Production  Board 
finds  that,  some  farm  equipment,  such 
as  water  systems  and  garden  tractors, 
has  been  diverted  to  non-agricultural 
uses,  and  has  issued  orders  prohibiting 
this  practice.  Equipment  made  under 
WPB  farm  machinery  program  must 
actually  reach  the  farm. 


ESPECIALLY  POPULAR  AMONG  POTATO  AND  TOMATO  GROWERS 


Protect  your  crops  with  SYNTONE  _  the  insect  spray  which  re¬ 
leases  the  full  killing  power  of  Rotenone  and  "stays  put”  longer 
under  sunlight  and  air  exposure.  It  mixes  readily  with  Bordeaux 
and  other  fungicides.  Cuts  spray  work  in  half  hy  making  one  spray 
operation  do  the  whole  job. 

KILLS  —  both  chewing  and  sucking  insects  and 
their  larvae,  nymphs  and  eggs. 

EASY  TO  USE  —  Gives  a  perfect  emulsion  in 
water  —  won’t  clog  nozzle  or  corrode  spray  tank. 

SAFER  —  for  plants,  fruit,  animals  and  man. 


Because  Rotenone  has  been  restricted  by 
the  Government  for  use  onessential  crops, 
you  should  use  SYNTONE,  the  insecticide 
which  releases  the  full  killing  power  of 


Rotenone  and  retains  its  strength  longer. 
It  is  a  conta’ct  insecticide,  stomach  poison, 
insect  repellent,  larvacide  and  ovicide. 
SYNTONE  is  also  economical  to  use. 


It  means  sure  death  to 

POTATO  APHID  .  COLORADO  POTATO  BEETLE  •  POTATO  FLEA  BEETLE 
LEAFHOPPER  •  MEXICAN  BEAN  BEETLE  •  RED  SPIDER  •  THRIPS  •  APHIDS 

And  many  other  pests 


Ask  your  insecticide  dealer  about  SYNTONE  or  write  to: 


UNITED  STATES  RUBBER  COMPANY 

NAUGATUCK  CHEMICAL  DIVISION  •  1230  Sixth  Ave.,  Rockefeller  Center  •  New  York 
 Karl  Williams,  R.  I,  Perry.  N.  Y.  |  Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


ON 

WTRY 

“The  Farmer’s  Almanac” 


6  to  6:30  a.  m. 

daily  except  Sunday 


ON  YOUR  RADIO 


(382)  4 


Ai  icrican  Agriculturist,  July  4,  1942 


PAGE 


Address  all  mail  for  Editorial  or  Advertis¬ 
ing  departments  to  American  Agriculturist, 
Savings  Bank  Building,  Ithaca.  New  York 


STILL,  MARCHES' G  ON 

“My  father  was  40  years  Commander  of  Gen.  Lyon 
Post  266.  He  died  18  years  ago  on  Memorial  Day. 
I  have  3  sons  in  camps.  Their  father  died  when  the 
boys  were  little,  so  I  have  no  family  except  my 
sons,  and  I  am  wearing  3  stars  on  the  front  of  my 
dress. 

“At  our  G.  A.  R.  campfire  were  7  “Boys  in  Blue”, 
aged  94,  95,  96,  97,  98,  99,  and  100  respectively. 
Commander  James  Hart  of  Rochester  will  be  101, 
July  15.  In  the  State  of  New  York  there  are  now 
only  26  “Boys  in  Blue.”  Thought  maybe  you  would 
like  to  know.” 

— ilfrs.  Emma  W.  Cleghorn,  Middletown,  N.  Y. 

THIS  letter  from  Mrs.  Cleghorn  stirred  me 
more  than  anything  that  has  happened  in 
a  long  time.  My  own  father  saw  four  years  of 
active  fighting  in  the  Civil  War,  and  had  he 
lived  he  would  be  just  a  hundred  years  old  this 
year,  the  same  age  as  American  Agriculturist. 

As  I  read  Mrs.  Cleghorn’s  letter,  I  remember¬ 
ed  the  most  wonderful  letter  of  sympathy  ever 
written.  As  you  might  know,  the  author  was 
Abraham  Lincoln,  and  the  letter  was  written  to 
Mrs.  Bixby  of  Boston,  who  had  lost  five  sons  in 
the  Civil  War.  The  letter  read: 

“Dear  Madam:  I  have  been  shown,  in  the  files  of 
the  War  Department,  a  statement  of  the  Adjutant- 
General  of  Massachusetts,  that  you  are  the  mother 
of  five  sons  who  have  died  gloriously  on  the  field  of 
battle.  I  feel  how  weak  and  fruitless  must  be  any 
words  of  mine  which  should  attempt  to  beguile  you 
from  a  loss  so  overwhelming.  But  I  cannot  refrain 
from  tendering  to  you  the  consolation  that  may  be 
found  in  the  thanks  of  the  Republic  that  they  have 
died  to  save.  I  pray  that  our  Heavenly  Father  may 
assuage  the  anguish  of  your  bereavement,  and  leave 
you  only  the  cherished  memory  of  the  loved  and  lost 
and  the  solemn  pride  that  must  be  yours  to  have 
laid  so  costly  a  sacrifice  upon  the  altar  of  freedom. 
“Yours  very  sincerely  and  respectfully, 
Abraham  Lincoln.” 

Sacrifices  like  those  made  by  Mrs.  Bixby  and 
Mrs.  Cleghorn  and  by  thousands  of  others,  em¬ 
phasize  again  at  this  Fourth  of  July  time  what 
America  is  and  what  it  means,  and  make  all  of 
us  grit  our  teeth  in  renewed  determination  that 
the  enemies  of  liberty  and  justice  shall  be 
stamped  out,  whatever  the  cost. 

A  short  time  ago  I  wrote  a  little  note  on  this 
page,  asking  for  the  names  of  Civil  War  veter¬ 
ans  who  still  lived,  with  the  thought  that  1  might 
publish  them  here  in  an  honor  roll.  Several 
names  have  been  sent  in,  and  I  am  printing 
these  here,  with  such  information  about  each 
as  was  sent: 

CIVIL  WAR  HONOR  ROLL 

THOMAS  A.  CORSON,  37  Buffum  Street,  Salem, 
Mass.  Born  1841.  Enlisted  from  Lynn,  Massachu¬ 
setts,  August  22,  1862  in  Co.  E,  38th  Mass.  Infan¬ 
try.  Wounded  1864  and  discharged  for  wounds 
D  ec.  1864  as  Corporal.  Last  surviving  member  of 
Post  5,  G.A.R.  Lynn,  and  Commander  of  the  Post. 

HENRY  LILLIE,  1422  Chili  Avenue,  Rochester, 
N.  Y.  100  years  old.  Past  Department  Commander 

G.A.R. 

THOMAS  STRUCK,  1203  36th  Street,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  Past  Department  Commander,  G.A.R. 

ROBERT  SUMMERS,  86  Herkimer  Street,  Brook¬ 
lyn,  N.  Y. 

JESSE  TOMPKINS,  30  South  Street,  Middletown, 
N.  Y.  Was  member  of  Gen.  Lyon  Post  266,  Middle- 
town,  N.  Y.  Last  living  member.  95  years  old  June 
13,  1942. 

EDWIN  MORRIS,  356  Walnut  Street,  Elmira,  N.  Y. 
Department  Commander. 

GEORGE  T.  BENSON.  Born  April  17,  1841.  En¬ 
listed  April  30,  1861,  in  Co.  G,  Third  Maine  Reg. 
Discharged  for  sickness  December  1862.  Now  serv¬ 


ing  as  Chaplain  of  Maine  Department  G.A.R.  Only 
Civil  War  veteran  in  Maine. 

ROBERT  M.  ROWNED,  G.A.R.  Headquarters,  The 
Capitol,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

THOMAS  PENNY,  Walden,  N.  Y.  Age  97  years. 
Was  only  Civil  War  veteran  in  Memorial  Day 
parade,  May  30,  1942. 


GOOD  JERSEYS  IN  A 
GREAT  COUNTY7 


WENT  down  to  Meridale  Farms  in  good 
old  Delaware  County,  New  York,  on  June 
20,  to  attend  a  purebred  Jersey  cattle  sale,  under 
the  auspices  of  the  New  York  State  Jersey  Cat¬ 
tle  Club. 

In  1916  I  was  a  Farm  Bureau  Manager  in 
Delaware  County,  back  in  the  pioneer  days  of 
Farm  Bureau  work.  As  long  as  I  live,  I’ll  never 
forget  the  kindly  farm  folks  of  Delaware  Coun¬ 
ty,  who  laughed  off  my  mistakes  and  backed 
me  up  in  what  I  was  trying  to  do  for  farmers. 
It  has  been  a  long  time  since  I  worked  in  Dela¬ 
ware  County,  much  water  has  run  under  the 
bridge,  but  it  still  seems  like  returning  home  to 
go  back  for  a  visit. 

Delaware  is  one  of  the  greatest  dairy  coun¬ 
ties  in  the  United  States.  When  a  stranger  rides 
through  the  county,  he  wonders  how  farmers 
can  keep  so  many  cows  in  such  mountainous 
country  .The  secret  is  water.  The  rainfall  is 
much  above  average,  and  the  springs  in  the 
Delaware  hills  are  the  most  numerous  and  the 
finest  I  have  ever  known.  So  the  hay  grows 
heavily  on  the  meadows,  and  the  pastures  — 
even  among  the  big  rocks — are  excellent. 

Delaware  is  a  great  Jersey  county,  and  it  was 
fitting  that  the  annual  Jersey  sale  should  be  held 
on  what  is  perhaps  the  most  remarkable  Jersey 
farm  in  the  world,  Meridale  Farms.  The  great 
Meridale  Jersey  herd  has  had  big  influence  in 
building  up  the  interest  in  and  the  quality  of 
Jersey  cattle  in  America. 

Over  500  people  attended  the  sale  of  some  32 
head  of  stock  of  various  ages,  from  young  bred 
heifers  to  older  cows,  contributed  by  Meridale 
Farms  and  by  various  other  breeders.  The  stock 
went  well  up  in  price.  $237  was  the  average  paid 
per  head.  Four-year-old  Dreaming  Coronation 
Ella,  consigned  by  Rose  M.  Luchsinger  of  Syra¬ 
cuse,  New  York,  topped  the  sale  at  $410. 


HAY  AND  OTHER  CROP  NOTES 

HAY —  I  cannot  remember  when  I  have  seen  so 
much  hay  as  there  is  this  year.  The  quality,  too, 
averages  good.  The  big  problem  is  in  getting  it 
into  the  barn.  Help  is  scarce,  and  so  far  there 
has  been  little  real  haying  .weather.  New  hay¬ 
ing  methods  are  helping  on  some  farms.  Grass 
silage  is  one  solution. 

It  is  fortunate  that  the  hay  crop  is  good  this 
year,  because  there  is  little  old  hay  left.  I  hope 
it  will  be  big  enough  so  that  farmers  can  pile 
up  a  carry-over  reserve. 

PASTURES —  Pastures,  also,  are  the  best  they 
have  been  in  many  years.  In  fact,  they  are  al¬ 
most  too  good,  because  many  of  them  have 
grown  faster  than  cattle  can  keep  the  grass 
down. 

Many  farmers  in  recent  years  have  followed 
the  excellent  practice  of  mowing  their  pastures. 
That  is  especially  necessary  this  year,  but  it  is 
difficult  to  get  the  time  or  help  to  do  it.  Mow¬ 
ing,  if  not  done  too  late  in  the  summer,  helps  to 
control  the  weeds  and  to  keep  the  grass  from 
crowding  out  the  wild  white  clover.  Mowing 
helps  the  pasture  to  produce  more  feed  in  late 


midsummer  when  it  is  most  needed.  Just  when 
the  grass  is  heading  out  is  time  to  mow. 

MILK  PRODUCTION —  Production  of  milk 
has  reached  an  all-time  high.  Milk  prices,  too, 
are  good,  and  for  the  first  time  in  years  many 
farmers  are  making  a  little  money,  at  least 
enough  to  pay  off  their  debts.  That  is  good,  be¬ 
cause  there  are  bad  times  ahead. 

CORN  AND  POTATOES—  These  crops  look 
good  on  the  whole  across  the  Northeast,  but 
the  wet  season  has  also  produced  a  heavy  crop 
of  weeds,  and  some  pieces  are  pretty  dirty. 

HARD  WORK—  I  don’t  think  farmers  have 
ever  worked  harder  than  they  have  this  spring. 
Men  change  off  to  keep  the  tractor  going  through 
mealtimes,  and  as  long  as  they  can  see  at  night. 

I  have  often  wondered  what  the  cost  of  food  to 
city  folks  would  be  if  the  farmer  got  time  and 
a  half  for  overtime. 

GARDEN  NOTES —  We  have  already  stepped 
up  the  family  meals  by  several  early  vegetables 
from  the  garden,  and  from  now  on  we  will  de¬ 
pend  less  and  less  on  the  store  and  more  and 
more  on  the  garden.  This  year  I  have  some  26 
different  kinds  of  vegetables  in  the  garden,  with¬ 
out  counting  different  varieties  or  second  plant¬ 
ings. 

There  is  trouble  enough  even  in  a  garden  to 
remind  one  constantly  of  the  daily  problems 
farmers  have  to  meet  and  solve.  The  blackbirds  • 
and  crows  pull  up  the  sweet  corn  just  as  it  peeps 
out  of  the  ground:  rabbits  pass  up  a  field  of 
perfectly  good  clover  in  order  to  ruin  the  garden 
vegetables.  Fine  healthy  looking  tomato  plants 
suddenly  start  to  wilt  and  die  before  you  can 
do  anything  about  it. 

But  that’s  the  way  it  goes.  Gardens  and  farm¬ 
ing  are  what  someone  said  about  life:  “Just  one 
darn  thing  after  another.” 

NO  RURRER ! ! 

BECAUSE  food  production  is  so  important, 
farmers  have  been  given  priorities  on  tires  for 
trucks  and  tractors.  They  may  not  realize,  there¬ 
fore,  as  much  as  some  of  the  rest  of  us  who  can¬ 
not  get  tires,  how  scarce  rubber  is.  If  this  war 
goes  on,  no  one  will  be  able  to  get  rubber. 

The  only  solution  is  to  save  what  rubber  we 
have  and  count  on  making  it  last  for  the  dura¬ 
tion.  The  truck  never  should  move  unless  it  is 
absolutely  necessary.  It  should  be  loaded  both 
ways  whenever  possible,  and  every  effort  should 
be  made  to  double  up  loads  with  neighbors  and 
save  extra  trips.  • 


DETERMINED  ! 


THE  SPIRIT  of  the  23rd  annual  meeting  of 
the  Dairymen’s  League  Cooperative  Asso¬ 
ciation,  held  in  Buffalo  on  June  18,  was  in  keep¬ 
ing  with  the  critical  times.  Not  a  single  sour 
note  marred  the  harmony  of  the  whole  session. 
Instead,  the  determination  of  farmers  to  do  their 
part  to  win  the  war  was  the  keynote.  All  other 
problems,  however  irritating,  are  secondary. 


EASTMAN’S  CHESTNUT 

BELIEVE,”  said  the  fool  optimist,  “that 
JL  for  every  single  thing  you  give  away  two 
come  back  to  you.” 

“That’s  my  experience,”  the  pessimist  said. 
“Last  February  I  gave  away  my  daughter,  and 
she  and  her  husband  both  came  back  in 
August.” 


AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  Constructive  and  Progressive  Since  1842.  Volume  139.  No.  14.  Published  every  other  Saturday  at  10  North  Cherry  St..  Poughkeepsie.  N.  T.-Editorlal  and 

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took  after  me,  and  I  had  my  second 


CHAPTER  XLI 

GROWING  UP 
WITH  FATHER 

AD’S  FOLKS  were  New  Hamp- 
shiremen.  There  was  some¬ 
thing  about  that  hard  New 
England  environment  of  the 
early  years  that  made  men  and  women 
of  steel.  They  were  dignified,  unbend¬ 
ing,  stern.  I  dimly  remember  my 
Father’s  mother  —  a  sad,  grave  face, 
on  it  written  the  tale  of  privations, 
sickness,  and  death  that  marked  the 
history  of  almost  all  the  large  families 
growing  up  when  the  country  was 
young.  Dig  out  any  old  family  album 
and  look  at  the  strong  but  sad  faces  of 
the  men  and  women,  particularly  the 
women. 

The  Yankees  were  not  a  demonstra¬ 
tive  people.  They  hid  their  feelings. 
In  all  of  my  years  with  Father  I  never 
saw  him  kiss  Mother,  and  I  remember 
only  one  demonstration  of  affection  to¬ 
ward  me.  When  I  was  a  very  little 
boy  I  slept  with  Father,  and  occasion¬ 
ally  as  I  was  going  off  to  sleep  —  per¬ 
haps  after  he  thought  I  was  asleep  — 
he  would  rub  his  foot  against  my  leg. 

Yet  affection  burned  deep  in  him  for 
his  own,  more  so  perhaps  than  it  does 
in  those  who  carry  their  hearts  on 
their  sleeves.  There  was  that  time,  for 
example,  when  they  brought  the  body 
of  my  oldest  brother  home  from  a  far¬ 
away  city.  Father  wouldn’t  go  to  bed. 
Mother  said  to  him:  “Come  on,  Pa, 
you  must  get  your  rest.”  “No,”  he  re¬ 
plied,  “I  sat  up  with  him  all  of  his 
first  night  on  earth,  and  I  will  to¬ 
night!”  It  was  then  that  I  came  closer 
to  understanding  Father  and  those  oth¬ 
er  silent  millions  like  him  who  feel 
deeply  but  do  not  talk  about  it. 


race  around  and  around  that  table,  try¬ 
ing  to  clear  the  broken  dishes  with 
every  jump.  Finally,  watching  my 
chance,  I  dodged  out  of  the  door  and 
ran  for  my  life  for  the  distant  woods. 
Along  towards  dusk,  after  supper  was 
over  and  the  chores  done,  I  came  sneak¬ 
ing  back,  quietly  got  myself  some  bread 
and  milk,  and  crept  up  the  back  stairs 
to  my  bedroom.  Nothing  more  was 
ever  said  about  the  incident,  but  next 
day  I  sort  of  imagined  a  quizzical 
twinkle  in  Dad’s  eye  every  time  I  came 
near  him. 

He  himself  knew  what  it  was  to  get 
a  good  tanning  though,  for  on  one  of 
those  rare  moments  when  he  opened 
up  and  began  to  tell  stories  of  a  long, 
adventurous  life,  he  told  of  one  time 
when  he  had  been  up  to  some  deviltry 
and  his  father  had  caught  him  at  it. 
Those  were  the  days  when  parents  be¬ 
lieved  that  you  spoiled  the  child  when 
you  spared  the  rod,  so  Dad  was  order¬ 
ed  to  the  barn  and  told  that  his  father 
would  be  there  “to  attend  to  his  case” 
shortly.  When  Grandfather  finally  did 
arrive  at  the  barn  he  was  astonished 
to  see  that  his  son  was  about  twice  his 
usual  size.  Dad  had  made  the  most  of 
his  minutes  and  had  thoroughly  padded 
his  clothes,  particularly  his  pants,  with 
straw.  It  was  to  no  avail,  however, 
for,  suppressing  a  grin,  Grandfather 
made  him  take  off  his  clothes,  take 
the  straw  out,  and  then  before  he  got 
his  pants  back  on  Dad  got  his  licking! 

Last  summer  I  drove  down  by  the 
old  farm  where  we  used  to  live,  and 
then  turned  and  went  up  the  long  hill 
by  the  pasture  and  the  back  woods. 
Parking  the  car  in  the  woods  road,  I 
made  my  way  through  the  brush  till  I 


came  to  the  fence  that  marked  the 
back  line  of  the  pasture.  I  wanted  to 
see  if  the  fence  was  still  there  that  Dad 
and  I  built  together  more  than  forty 
years  ago.  It  was!  Although  the 
brush  had  grown  high  on  both  sides, 
the  fence  ran  straight  and  true  to  the 
corners.  As  I  walked  back  down 
through;  the  woodlot,  I  remembered 
how  on  nearly  every  winter  Saturday, 
Father  ,and  I  would  cut  the  beech  and 
maple  trees  that  were  beyond  their 
prime  and  work  them  up  into  stove 
wood.  Gosh,  Partner,  how  those  old 
“settin’-room”  stoves  used  to  eat 
wood!  They  were  kind  of  nice  on  a 
cold  winter  morning,  but  I  didn’t  like 
’em  much  nevertheless.  Remember 
how  farm  boys  used  to  lug  in  the  wood 
by  the  armful  and  pile  it  up  back  of 
the  stove  for  the  night’s  supply?  And 
how  every  Saturday  and  holiday  was 
spent  on  the  end  of  a  cross-cut  saw 
preparing  fodder  for  “settin’-room” 
stoves?  They  were  bottomless  pits! 
Brother  and  I  used  to  get  into  fights 
when  sawing  with  a  cross-cut  saw. 
Each  claimed  the  other  dragged  his 
feet.  We  were  like  the  two  Irishmen 
fresh  from  the  Old  Country.  The  farm¬ 
er  gave  them  a  cross-cut  and  a  skid¬ 
way  of  logs.  At  noon  the  farmer  was 
astonished  to  see  that  his  new  men 
had  accomplished  exactly  nothing. 
When  he  expostulated,  the  Irishmen 
told  him  that  they  were  too  near  of  a 
strength! 

But  it  was  easy  to  work  wood  with 
Dad.  He  was  a  woodsman.  Coming 
back  from  the  Civil  War  he  continued 
his  adventures,  rafting  logs  down  the 
roaring  Susquehanna  in  the  days  when 
almost  every  northern  river  was  filled 
with  logs  from  shore  to  shore  in  the 
spring  freshets.  Later,  Dad  worked 
summers  in  the  woods  peeling  bark  for 
the  tanneries.  He  would  fall  a  tree 
exactly  where  he  wanted  it.  Straight 
and  true  fell  every  stroke  of  his  razor- 
edged  axe.  Although  I  have  done 
considerable  chopping  in  my  time,  I’d 
be  ashamed  to  compare  it  with  Dad’s 
work,  or  with  that  of  any  of  the  other 
old  axe  men. 

The  typical  northeastern  Yankee  had 
a  high  sense  of  humor,  dry  and  subtle 
When  Dad  joked  he  had  to  be  watched 
carefully  to  know  whether  he  was 
joking  or  not,  the  only  indication  usu¬ 
ally  being  a  little  twinkle  in  his  eye. 


How  easy  it  was  for  Dad  with  his 
stem  aspect  to  maintain  discipline. 
All  he  had  to  do  was  to  look  at  us.  He 
never  punished  me  in  his  life,  for  one 
reason  because  I  usually  made  sure  I 
didn’t  need  it  when  he  was  around. 
The  nearest  he  came  to  it  was  the  time 
when,  bored  and  restless  by  a  long 
farm  Sunday  afternoon,  I  began  to  pick 
on  an  older  brother.  This  brother 
stood  it  as  long  as  he  could,  and  then 
began  to  chase  me  around  and  around 
the  diningroom  table. 

You  remember  the  old  diningroom 
table  of  the  Horse  and  Buggy  Days, 
don’t  you,  Partner?  It  was  always  set 
for  the  next  meal.  In  the  middle  was 
a  great  big  revolving  castor  set,  filled 
with  bottles.  All  the  cups  and  saucers, 
knives  and  forks,  were  in  their  proper 
places,  and  over  the  top  was  thrown 
either  a  mosquito  netting  or  a  light 
cloth. 

Well,  in  our  race  around  the  table 
(hat  day,  one  or  the  other  of  us  got  our 
feet  entangled  either  in  that  top  cloth 
or  k*  the  tablecloth  underneath,  and 
down  we  went,  pulling  everything  off 
he  table  onto  the  floor  with  a  great 
Clash  of  broken  crockery.  Father, 
leading  in  the  next  room,  heard  the 
crash  and  came  rushing  out.  As  usual, 
|iiy  older  brother,  anticipating  trouble, 
ad  made  himself  scarce,  but  when  I 
got  up  out  of  the  mess  there  stood 
bather,  newspaper  in  one  hand,  read- 
mg  sPecs  way  down  on  his  nose,  look- 
like  a  great  black  thundercloud, 
(hat  was  only  for  a  second,  then  he 


I  OVERHEARD  my  neigh¬ 
bor  say  that  he  would 
work  next  Saturday;  July 
the  Fourth  to  him,  by  jing, 
apparently  don’t  mean  a 
thing,  he  says  that  he  can’t 
celebrate  when  he’s  got  work 
that  will  not  wait.  But  I 
don’t  care  if  I  have  got  a  lot 
of  work,  or  not  a  jot,  there’s 
one  thing  I  will  never  do  and 
that  is  overlook  the  few 
brave  men  like  those  at  Lex¬ 
ington  who  battled  till  our 
land  was  won.  But  even 
more  important  yet  is  that  I 
don’t  like  to  forget  the  things 
that  we  were  brought  up  on 
like  apples  cooked  with  cin¬ 
namon,  or  Hallowe’en  and 
punkin  pie,  Thanksgiving  or 
a  big  fish-fry  —  they’re  all 
part  of  the  U.  S.  A.,  and  so 
is  Independence  Day. 

So  when  the  picnic  is  be¬ 
gun  I  will  arrive  upon  the 
run,  with  basket  full  of  pies 
homemade  and  a  big  jug  of 
lemonade.  Perhaps  I’ll  pitch 
horse-shoes  a  bit,  or  maybe 
find  a  crowd  and  sit  a-talkin’ 
about  world  events  until  the  argument  gets  dense.  Then  I  will  wander 
over  where  the  speaker’s  givin’  off  hot  air  about  how  he  would  like  to  be 
out  with  the  doughboys  or  at  sea,  when  actually,  of  course,  he’d  run  if 
some  one  shot  off  a  pop-gun.  No  doubt  there’ll  be  a  baseball  game  in 
which  I’d  play  if  I  wan’t  lame,  and  after  that  I’ll  doff  my  shoes  and  take 
myself  a  little  snooze,  until  Mirandy  stops  my  snores,  then  we’ll  go  home 
and  do  the  chores.  But  even  though  it  ends  too  quick,  July  the  Fourth 
gives  me  a  kick. 


GOOD-BYE  TO  HORSE 
AND  BUGGY  STORIES 

TT  IS  WITH  regret  that  we  bring 
A  to  a  close  with  this  chapter 
these  stories  of  “Growing  Up  in 
the  Horse  and  Buggy  Days.”  It 
has  been  fun  to  write  them,  and 
to  relive  old  times.  It  has  been 
nice  to  read  the  hundreds  of  let¬ 
ters  that  have  come  from  you 
folks  and  the  tales  of  your  own 
experiences  that  these  stories  of 
ours  apparently  helped  you  to 
recall. 

At  the  beginning  of  this  series 
we  announced  that  prizes  would 
be  paid  for  the  best  letters  giving 
your  experiences  in  the  Horse 
and  Buggy  Days,  or  in  more  re¬ 
cent  years.  For  the  best  letter 
we  agreed  to  pay  $15,  for  the 
second  best  $5,  and  $1  apiece 
for  the  next  five  best.  In  an 
early  issue,  the  best  letters  or 
stories,  in  the  opinion  of  the 
judges,  will  be  published,  and 
prize  winners  will  be  announced. 

Y  ou  will  be  interested  to  know 
also  that  “Growing  Up  in  the 
Horse  and  Buggy  Days”  is  to  be 
published  in  book  form  and  will 
be  on  the  market  this  fall. 


Like  most  folks,  also,  he  enjoyed  a  joke 
better  on  somebody  else  than  he  did  on 
himself.  I  remember  one  that  he  didn’t 
appreciate.  That  was  the  time  my 
brother  shot  a  woodchuck  not  far  from 
the  house,  and  then  propped  him  up 
carefully  to  look  like  a  live  chuck  sit¬ 
ting  up  on  the  edge  of  his  hole.  This 
done,  Brother  went  into  the  house  and 
said,  “Pa,  come  quick  and  try  your 
luck  on  this  woodchuck  out  here.” 

Father  grabbed  a  gun  and  ran  out. 
Seeing  the  chuck,  he  dropped  care¬ 
fully  and  quietly  on  all  fours  and 
crawled  painstakingly  a  couple  of  rods 
across  the  yard  to  the  fence.  Then, 
taking  very  careful  aim,  he  fired.  The 
woodchuck  gave  a  slight  jump  but  still 
sat  there.  That  seemed  strange  indeed 
to  Dad,  who  after  four  years  in  the 
Army  was  a  dead  shot.  Reloading,  he 
popped  away  for  a  second  time,  and 
the  woodchuck  gave  another  jump. 
Then,  realizing  what  had  happened, 
Father  slammed  his  gun  down  on  the 
ground,  turned  and  with  great  dignity 
stalked  back  into  the  house.  Later  we 
worked  the  same  stunt  on  my  brother. 
He  liked  it  much  better  when  it  was 
on  Dad! 

Father  used  to  tickle  the  family  by 
the  way  he  was  afflicted  by  his  own 
courtesy  and  hospitality.  We  had  a 
neighbor  whom  for  the  purpose  of  this 
story  I  will  call  John.  He  was  an 
everlasting  nuisance  because  of  his 
frequent,  almost  daily,  calls.  Almost 
every  night  after  chores  and  on  Sun¬ 
days,  old  John  would  waddle  down  the 
road  to  our  place,  and  then  he’d  stay 
and  stay,  with  Dad  getting  more  un¬ 
easy  every  minute  and  yet  treating 
him  with  perfect  courtesy.  Most  of 
the  old  timers  were  more  courteous  I 
think  than  is  our  own  generation. 

Dad  used  to  like  to  sit  in  the  bay 
window  - —  I  can  see  him  yet  —  with 
one  foot  on  the  floor  and  the  other  foot 
hooked  back  of  it.  He’d  sit  in  a  rock¬ 
ing  chair,  and  the  more  interesting  his 
book  the  faster  he’d  rock.  Sometimes 
he’d  chase  the  rocker  halfway  around 
the  room.  I,  too,  like  a  rocker.  None 
of  these  darn  Morris  chairs  for  me, 
Partner!  Well,  maybe  right  in  the 
middle  of  a  most  interesting  story,  Dad 
would  happen  to  glance  up.  From  his 
bay  window  he  could  see  way  up  the 
road,  and  there  would  be  old  John 
coming  down  it  for  a  visit.  Jumping 
up,  Dad  would  begin  to  splutter,  but 
not  very  effectively  until  he  had  run 
to  the  door  and  got  rid  of  his  tobacco. 
Then  he’d  keep  up  a  high  running 
mutter  of  fierce  complaint,  till  finally, 
when  old  John  had  come  on  to  the 
( Continued  on  Page  20) 


What's  the  biggest  step  toward  longer  tractor  life? 


vv  *  i 


®  TRAcTOB*'  *br;ca ti°n  is 

L  sta«d  UP  tetnperatutes. 

£££&  **datty  se 
WIultvsol  P«,““  our  tracton 

^X^uamyoUatat^ 

etc.  It  s  ^  h 


WHO 

them,  agre< 

Dortant  sin? 

=r  tractor  P1 
*'x  r 

this,  «e  °r 
■one  that  w 

rro  •  •  •  reslSt 
■  be  Motor 

les  by  Gn«  8 

derated  P«c' 
rs,  pumps- 


FACTS  are  a  Fanner's  Best  Equipment 


HOW  TO  DO  IT 

by  R.  J.  S.  Pigott 

Gulf  Research  and  Development  Division 


AS  IMPORTANT  as  your  tractors,  trucks,  etc., 
J  \  is  a  knowledge  of  farm  facts,  the  “know 
how.”  For  without  information,  without  knowl¬ 
edge,  a  farmer  can  have  the  best  equipment,  and 
still  not  make  the  most  of  his  farm. 

This  is  a  page  of  facts— facts  about  some 
Farm  Aids  that  have  proved  their  merit.  We 
feel  you,  as  a  modern  farmer,  will  be  interested 
in  learning  more  about  them. 

For  instance,  we  think  you’ll  like  to  know  why 
Gulf  Livestock  Spray  is  so  popular. 

An  Effective  Livestock  Spray... 

Made  with  pyrethrum— the  time-tested  insect- 
killing-and-repelling  ingredient,  and  a  spe- 


Gulf  fuels  and  lubricants  are  available  at 
your  Good  Gulf  station  and  at  Gulf  dis¬ 
tributing  plants.  Gulfspray,  Gulf  Livestock 
Spray,  and  other  Gulf  products  for  home 
and  farm  are  sold  at  Gulf  stations,  grocery, 
drug,  hardware,  and  variety  stores  ...  at 
milk  gathering  stations  and  by  feed  stores. 


TUNE  IN —“We,  the  People”!— Sunday  night 
at  7:30  Eastern  War  Time— Columbia  Network 


When  you  store  tractor  fuels, remember... 

1.  To  guard  against  evaporation,  fuels  stored  above 
ground  should  be  protected  from  the  direct 
rays  of  the  sun. 

2.  Any  shelter  used  for  gasoline  must  allow  free 
circulation  of  air  to  carry  off  fumes  .  .  .  prevent  ( 
a  dangerous  accumulation  of  them. 

3.  It’s  wise  to  keefi'storage  tanks  filled.  This  helps 
to  keep  moisture  from  condensing  in  the  por¬ 
tion  above  the  fuel  .  .  .  guards  against  excessive 
oxidation. 

4.  When  underground  tanks  are  used ,  it  may  some¬ 
times  be  necessary  to  remove  condensed  moist¬ 
ure  with  a  small  suction  pump. 

5.  Suction  lines  on  underground  tanks  should 
stop  3  or  4  inches  above  the  bottom  of  the  tank. 
This  acts  to  keep  moisture  from  being  drawn 
out  with  the  gasoline. 


Gulfoil  is  just-right  for  .  .  . 

SEWING  MACHINES,  door  hinges,  sharpening 
stones,  and  small  sliding  and  revolving  mechan¬ 
isms,  that  need  a  fine,  light  oil.  Gulfoil — with 
its  high  rust-retarding  qualities  and  quick  pene¬ 
tration-will  do  a  thorough  lubricating  job  on 
such  farm  and  home  stand-bys.  And  Gulfoil 
doesn’t  make  the  tiny  parts  gummy  or  sticky. 


FREE — 60-Page  Tractor  Manual.  Just  off  the  press! 
A  complete,  authoritative,  non-technical  ency¬ 
clopedia  on  tractor  operation  and  maintenance. 
A  book  you’d  have  to  pay  a  dollar  to  buy — if  it 
were  for  sale.  Compiled  and  edited  by  Gulf  en¬ 
gineers.  Limited  supply  available  to  tractor 
operators  only.  Send  a  postcard  to  Gulf  Farm 
Aids,  Room  3800,  Gulf  Building,  Pittsburgh, 
Pa.,  for  your  copy,  stating  type  or  types  of 
tractors  you  operate. 


cially  processed  neutral  oil  base,  Gulf  Livestock 
Spray  does  two  good  turns: 

1.  It  kills  flies,  lice,  and  ticks  when  you  spray  it 
on  them. 

2.  It  repels  stable  and  horn  flies,  mosquitoes,  and 
gnats  in  the  barn  and  in  pasture.  This  helps 
you  reduce  the  insect  annoyance  that  often 
cuts  milk  production  during  the  fly  season. 

In  addition,  Gulf  Livestock  Spray  can  be  sprayed 
at  milking  time  to  quiet  your  cows,  without  im¬ 
parting  taste  or  odor  to  the  milk.  It’s  sold  on  the 
basis  of  Satisfaction  Guaranteed  or  your  Money 
Back. 


OIL  IS  AMMUNITION 


USE  IT  WISELY  !  hr. 


Ar  lerican  Agriculturist,  July  4,  1942 


7  (385) 


LEWIS  a*  LIBERTY? 


IN  A  RECENT  issue  of  the  Chenango- 
American,  published  at  Greene,  New 
York,  Mr.  Norman  O.  Westcott,  the 
Publisher  and  Editor,  has  an  editorial 
on  John  L.  Lewis’  attempt  to  invade 
the  New  York  milk  shed  with  his  Unit¬ 
ed  Mine  Workers.  This  editorial  is 
fair,  well  written,  and  its  arguments 
are  unanswerable,  so  we  are  taking 
the  privilege  of  passing  on  as  much  of 
it  as  space’ permits  to  our  200,000  farm 
families : 

THINK! 

“We  are  not  opposed  to  organized 
labor  or  organization  of  the  dairy  farm¬ 
ers,  if  carried  out  in  the  American 
style  on  the  basis  of  fair  play.  We  are 
opposed  to  racketeering,  compulsory 
unionization  and  violence,  of  which 
there  has  been  too  much  evidence  in 
the  conduct  of  the  labor  unions.  We 
are  opposed  to  the 
extension  of  these 
methods  to  the 
-  farms.  We  are  op¬ 
posed  to  dictator¬ 
ships,  little  and 
big.  We  believe 
that  the  maximum 
amount  of  indi¬ 
vidual  liberty 
which  will  permit 
one  to  live  in  peace 
with  his  neighbors 
is  worth  more  than 
the  40-hour  week, 
double  time  for 
Sundays  and  holi¬ 
days,  or  $4.00  per 
hundred  for  milk. 

And  we  would  like 
to  bet  that  millions 
of  people  in  France 
and  other  coun¬ 
tries  of  Europe 
and  Asia  will 
agree.  .  .  . 

“To  the  twenty- 
seven  million  dol¬ 
lars  Lewis  would 
get  annually  from 
the  dairy  farmers,  doubtless  there 
could  be  added  several  more  millions 
from  city  unions.  Such  an  annual 
‘take’  would  be  likely  to  put  ideas  into 
the  head  of  a  pretty  conservative  man. 
What  do  you  suppose  it  would  do  to  a 
man  with  Mr.  Lewis’  ambitions? 

“It'  is  probably  safe  to  say  that  if 
Mr.  Lewis  could  sign  up  three  million 
dairy  farmers,  he  would  have  pretty 
good  control  of  the  milk  supply  of  the 
country.  Add  to  that  the  fact  that  he 
does  control  the  fuel  supply  of  most  of 
the  country  and  you  have  an  unpleas¬ 
ant  picture.  With  the  control  of  those 
two  commodities,  he  could  squeeze  the 
people  of  the  country  'pretty  hard.  .  ,  . 


“Mr.  Holland  R.  Foster,  Chairman  of 
the  Dairy  Farmers’  Union,  has  outlined 
a  broad  program  for  unionization  of 
the  milk  industry  along  the  lines  of  a 
closed  shop  in  industrial  fields  with  de¬ 
livery  of  milk  under  a  union  label  as 
the  goal  of  the  new  organization.  He 
said  that  milk  ‘can  only  be  sold  under 
a  union  label  when  it  is  produced  by 
union  farmers,  handled  exclusively  by 
union  labor  at  the  receiving  and  pas¬ 
teurizing  plants,  and  delivered  by  union 
drivers.’  If  Mr.  Foster’s  statement 
means  anything,  it  means  that  the  new 
organization  will  attempt  to  organize 
all  those  who  work  in  receiving  plants, 
those  who  drive  the  trucks,  and  those 
who  work  on  the  farms,  along  with 
the  owners  of  the  farms. 

“That  brings  us  back  to  the  state¬ 
ment  made  by  Mr.  Thomason,  under 

whose  direction  the 
organization  work 
is  to  be  carried  on, 
that  a  farmer  may 
leave  the  union  at 
any  time.  Suppose 
this  set-up  is  com¬ 
pleted  as  Mr.  Lewis 
and  his  organizers 
contemplate.  If  the 
hired  man  refused 
to  milk  the  cows, 
the  truck  driver 
refused  to  take  the 
milk  to  the  receiv-  ’ 
ing  plant,  if  the 
employees  at  the 
receiving  plant  re¬ 
fused  to  handle  the 
milk,  and  if  the 
drivers  of  the  deliv¬ 
ery  trucks  in  the 
city  refused  to  de¬ 
liver  the  milk,  just 
how  would  the 
dairy  farmer  with¬ 
draw  from  the 
union  ? 

“Unless  our  rep- 
resentatives  in 
Washington  realize  and  decide  to  do 
something  about  the  fact  that  ‘union 
labor  has  become  drunk  with  power,’ 
almost  anything  can  happen.  .  .  . 

“It  is  no  time  to  let  your  emotions 
side-track  your  reason-.  The  question 
is,  will  you,  your  children,  and  your 
children’s  children,  will  the  country  of 
which  you  are  an  inescapable  part,  and 
for  which  your  sons  and  your  neigh¬ 
bor’s  sons  have  gone  to  fight,  be  better 
off  if  you  help  a  man  of  Mr.  Lewis’ 
record  to  get  control  of  the  food  and 
fuel  supply  of  the  country,  along  with 
a  fund  of  twenty-seven  million  dollars 
annually,  to  use  as  he  sees  fit? 

“THINK!” 


THIRTY  THOUSAND 
STRONG 

MORE  than  30,000  farmers  in 
the  New'York  milk  shed  have 
signed  the  pledge  of  Free  Farm¬ 
ers,  Inc.,  to  stand  by  one  another 
to  resist  the  invasion  of  John  L. 
Lewis  and  his  United  Mine 
Workers.  Every  day,  pledges  are 
pouring  in  by  the  hundreds. 

In  other  milk  sheds  of  the 
country,  also,  individual  farmers 
and  their  organizations  have  or¬ 
ganized  to  prevent  the  United 
Mine  Workers  or  similar  groups 
from  invading  the  field  of  agri¬ 
culture.  The  result  is  that,  so  far 
at  least,  Lewis’  invasion  has 
completely  bogged  down.  When 
farmers  got  the  real  facts,  they 
realized  that  there  was  no  use 
in  spending  billions  of  dollars 
and  the  life  blood  of  our  boys  to 
fight  for  freedom  somewhere  else 
in  the  world  and  lose  it  right  here 
in  America. 


Rules  For  Displaying  The  Flag 


1 .  In  a  procession  with  another  flag, 
the  United  States  Flag  is  on  the  march¬ 
ing  right. 

2.  In  a  procession  with  a  line  of  oth¬ 
er  flags,  the  United  States  Flag  is  in 
front  of  the  center  of  the  line. 

3.  With  another  flag  against  a  wall, 
staffs  crossed,  the  United  States  Flag  is 
on  the  observer’s  left,  and  its  staff  in 
front  of  the  staff  of  the  other  flag. 


where,  the  blue  field  is  uppermost  and 
to  the  observer’s  left. 

5.  When  flown  on  the  same  halyard 
with  flags  of  states,  cities  or  societies, 
the  United  States  Flag  is  at  the  peak. 

6.  When  the  United  States  Flag  and 
flags  of  other  nations,  states,  cities  or 
societies  are  flown  from  adjacent  staffs, 
the  United  States  Flag  is  on  the  left 
as  seen  by  the  observer. 


4.  When  displayed  either  horizontally 
or  vertically  against  a  wall,  or  else- 


Editor  Ed  on  WGY 
Farm  Forum 

Tune  in  Station  WGY  (810  on 
your  dial)  at  6:30  P.  M.  on  July 
3.  At  that  time,  E.  R.  Eastman, 
Editor  of  American  Agriculturist, 
■will  appear  on  the  weekly  Farm 
Forum,  discussing  the  subject 
Where  Do  We  Go  From  H  ere?’’ 


7.  When  displayed  on  an  automobile, 
the  best  way  is  on  a  flagstaff  fastened 
to  bumper  bracket.  This  is  the  way 
the  Flag  is  attached  to  car  of  Presi¬ 
dent  of  United  States.  Other  ways 
are:  small  flagstaff  fastened  to  radi¬ 
ator  ornament;  small  flagstaff  fastened 
to  grill  work  in  front  of  car;  very 
small  Flag  fastened  to  top  of  aerial. 

8.  When  used  on  a  speaker’s  platform: 
if  displayed  flat,  the  Flag  is  above  and 
behind  the  speaker;  if  flown  from  a 
staff,  the  Flag  is  jn  the  position  of 
honor,  at  the  speaker’s  right. 


Both  Kinds  of  Eggs 
will  help  beat  Hitler 


. . .  the  kind  our  bombers  lay  on  enemy  objectives  and  the 
kind  your  hens  produce  as  part  of  the  Government's  food 
program  for  victory. 

One  way  you  can  worry  Hitler  is  to  keep  your  laying  flock 
from  getting  into  a  midsummer  slump  in  egg  production.  Hens 
that  have  produced  well  during  the  Spring  and  early  Summer 
can  go  into  a  marked  decline  with  the  advent  of  hot  weather 
unless  careful  feeding  is  maintained. 

A  good  laying  mash,  fed  to  good  hens,  will  hold  egg  pro¬ 
duction  at  high  levels.  One  important  ingredient  of  good 
laying  mashes  is  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL.  High  protein  (41%) 
and  a  good  vitamin  A  potency,  two  big  factors  in  egg  pro¬ 
duction,  are  combined  in  this  one  ingredient.  In  addition, 
CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL  contains  the  pigmentation  producing 
substance,  xanthophyll,  important  in  rations  for  broilers.  In  a 
word,  a  triple-threat  (to  Hitler)  feedstuff. 

Look  for  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL  on  the  list  of  ingredients  on 
the  tag  or  bag  of  the  mash  you  buy. 


CORN  PRODUCTS  SALES  CO. 

NEW  YORK  •  CHICAGO 

DISTRIBUTORS  OF 

DIAMOND 

OLDEST  AND  BIGGEST 
SELLING  BRAND  OF 


CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL 


-----  - 1 -  ■  ■  -  —  ■  —  .  ■  ■  —  . -  ■■■■■■  —————— 

Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST.  |  Leslie  B.  Vail,  Hamburg,  N.  J. 


MARIETTA  —  the  Greatest 
Name  in  Silos  —  Reporting  on 
1942  Output  .... 


Super-Concrete 
Stave  Silo 

Marietta’s  famous 
Super-Construction 
concrete  stave  silo 
—  the  world’s  saf¬ 
est  in  any  climate 
and  ensiling  service : 
1942  quota  SOLD. 

Super-Wood 
Silo  >4 

America’s  No.  1 
Silo  of  Oregon  Fir. 
Pressure-tested, 
special  hooping  — 
for  HAY.  Redwood, 
hinged  doors.  1942 
Orders  can  be  ac¬ 
cepted  for  next  30 
days. 


" Defense "  All-Wood 

Ciln 


Saves  vital  war  ma¬ 
terials.  All-Wood 
Construction.  Fir 
staves.  Oak  hoops. 
Presdwood  doors. 
Can  supply  for 
limited  time  only. 


Masonite  i 


"Victory"  Silo 


A  sensation/  Marietta-Masonite 
exclusive  Presdwood  creation.  Low 
cost  feed  crop  protection.  1942 
Orders  STILL  accepted  —  but 
HURRY! 


THE  MARIETTA  CONCRETE  C0RP. 


MARIETTA,  OHIO,  Dept.r 


Baltimore,  Md.  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 


Lilesvitle,  N.  C. 


(386)  8 


Ax  lencan  Agriculturist,  July  4,  1942 


Your  planting  starts 

railroad  planning ! 

YOU  don’t  have  to  think  much  about  getting  your  crops  to 
market  until  harvest  time  comes  around — 

For  you  know  that  from  the  day  planting  began  the  railroads  have 
kept  track  of  the  acreage  planted,  of  crop  conditions  and  of 
marketing  situations. 


HELPLESS  *  “  **** 


EVERY  time  I  read  Ed  Babcock’s 
page  of  “Kernels”,  I  think  what  a 
lot  of  fun  he  has  farming.  Whenever 
I  am  so  fortunate  as  to  have  a  little 
visit  with  him,  I  come  away  with  a  lot 
of  new  ideas  and.  refreshed  determina¬ 
tion  to  try  them.  Last  time,  we  dis¬ 
cussed  running  a  one-horse  farm,  and 
now  I  am  all  steamed  up  on  making 
mine  a  one-man  farm  to  boot. 

That  is  not  as  difficult  as  it  may 
sound,  and  I  know  lots  of  farmers  who 
are  doing  pretty  well  at  farming  prac¬ 
tically  alone.  Think  back  a  minute  to 
the  tremendous  loads  carried  on  one 
horse  carts  abroad  and  in  brick  and 
coal  yards  in  this  country,  reflect  on 
the  lessened  draft  when  rubber  tires 
and  ball  bearings  are  used,  and  you  can 
see  the  possibilities  in  this  idea.  The 
secret  is  in  balancing  the  load  so  the 
horse  carries  enough  weight  on  his 
back  to  give  him  good  traction,  just 
like  we  put  weights  on  tractor  wheels. 

Where  one  horse  and  a  two-wheeled 
cart  are  commonly  used,  a  heavy  sad¬ 
dle  is  the  important  part  of  the  har¬ 
ness.  Some  of  these  are  still  in  exis¬ 
tence  around  coal  and  brick  yards. 
Anyone  can  make  a  good  cart  out  of 
an  old  auto.  A  1500  pound  horse  can 
carry  300  pounds  without  inconven¬ 
ience,  and  pull  a  ton  in  ordinary  going. 
Such  a  rig  would  be  fine  for  picking  up 
brush  and  wood,  spraying,  dusting  and 
for  many  of  the  jobs  on  most  of  our 
farms. 

The  One  Man  Farm 

Now  give  a  thought  to  the  idea  of  a 
one-man  farm.  It  always  seemed  to  me 
that  if  the  work  and  machinery  could 
be  arranged  so  that  one  man  could  do 
all  or  most  of  the  work,  and  a  fellow 
had  a  good  hired  man  to  do  it,  farming 
would  be  a  nice  business.  Now  that 
help  is  scarce  and  getting  scarcer,  it 
may  be  a  necessity  even  though  we 
have  to  do  the  work  ourselves,  which 
isn’t  so  nice.  With  good,  modern  spray¬ 
ers  and  dusters,  the  peak  load  of  work 
on  a  fruit  farm,  the  spraying  and  dust¬ 
ing,  can  be  done  by  one  good  man  plus 
a  driver;  but  if  a  horse  or  horses  are 
used  instead  of  a  tractor,  or  the  rig 
can  be  turned  around  and  adjusted  so 
it  can  be  operated  from  the  tractor 
seat  while  driving,  then  one  man  can 
do  the  job.  Some  men  are  doing  this, 
which  proves  it  can  be  done.  Eventual¬ 
ly,  someone  will  fix  up  a  rig  built  for 
this  particular  job. 

That  brings  us  around  to  another 


way  that  a  fruit  grower  can  take  out 
a  little  insurance  against  labor  short¬ 
age  in  a  time  like  this.  It  is  by  having 
a  cold  storage  right  on  the  farm.  It’s 
a  little  late  now  to  get  equipment  and 
get  the  work  done,  but  so  many  men 
have  converted  old  and  obsolete  barns 
and  buildings  into  a  cold  storage  with 
such  good  results,  that  it  is  worth  try¬ 
ing. 

These  past  few  years,  there  has  been 
a  great  advance  in  the  design  and 
manufacture  of  refrigerating  machin¬ 
ery.  It  was  done  largely  for  air  condi¬ 
tioning  for  industry,  but  agriculture 
can  get  the  benefits  just  the  same.  One 
or  more  of  these  small,  automatic, 
electric  air-conditioning  outfits  will 
cool  apples  just  as  well  as  it  will  cool 
people  in  theatres,  trains  and  restau¬ 
rants;  and  installation  and  operating 
costs  are  not  at  all  high  for  the  ser¬ 
vice  they  perform.  With  help  and  pack¬ 
ages  both  short  and  hard  to  get,  and 
transportation  doubtful,  no  one  wants 
to  be  helpless  when  it  comes  to  a  pinch. 
Reai-ranging  machinery  and  buildings 
may  help  us  to  do  our  part  better  to 
help  win  this  war. 

— a.  a. — 

FIRE  PREVENTION 
ESSAY  CONTEST 

Again  this  year  the  ^  New  York  State 
Central  Organization  of  Cooperative 
Fire  Insurance  is  conducting  a  Fire 
Prevention  Essay  Contest  for  young 
people.  The  Springfield  Bank  for  Coop¬ 
eratives  is  appropriating  $100  for  state 
prizes,  to  be  awarded  at  the  Annual 
Meeting  of  the  cooperative  fire  insur¬ 
ance  companies  next  winter. 

Boys  and  girls  under  21  are  eligible. 
High  School  Departments  of  Vocation¬ 
al  Agriculture,  4-H  Clubs,  Subordinate 
Granges,  and  Scoutmasters  are  calling 
this  to  the  attention  of  members;  but 
participation  is  in  no  way  restricted 
to  members  of  these  organizations. 

Contestants  must:  (1)  Check  and  fill 
out  blanks  showing  fire  protection  for 
three  sets  of  farm  buildings..  (2)  Write 
an  essay  of  between  300  and  500  words 
on  the  subject  “What  I  Have  Learned 
About  Farm  Fire  Protection.”  (3)  Give 
suggestions  for  removal  of  fire  hazards 
found. 

Winners  in  county  contests  must  be 
sent  to  R.  M.  Stanton,  Greenville,  New 
York,  by  December  1,  1942.  County 
winners  will  be  eligible  for  state  prizes. 


Today  this  railroad  foresight  is  more  than  ever  important.  For 
today  wartime  demands  on  cars  and  locomotives,  plus  the  diver¬ 
sion  of  ships  and  shortage  of  rubber,  add  up  to  the  biggest  railroad 
job  in  history. 

The  problem  is  even  tougher  than  that.  Right  now,  for  instance, 
another  big  crop  of  winter  wheat  is  being  harvested  —  while  a 
carry-over  of  some  600  million  bushels  of  last  year’s  wheat  leaves 
but  20%  of  the  elevators’  capacity  for  the  new  crop’s  storage. 

But  the  railroads  have  been  cooperating  with  the  growers,  the 
State  and  Federal  authorities  ever  since  the  seed  w  as  sown. 

They  know,  almost  to  the  day,  when  cars  will  be  needed,  and 
where,  and  how  many.  And  the  railroads  will  see  that  these  cars 
are  assembled  in  advance  to  pick  up  and  speed  to  destination  all 
the  wheat  which  can  be  unloaded  promptly  when  it  gets  there. 


ASSOCIATION  OF 

American 


Railroads 

WASHINGTON,  D  C 


✓ 


A  group  of  boys  in  the  Department  of  Vocational  Agriculture  at  Ludlowville,  New 
York,  High  School  repairing  and  adjusting  farm  machinery.  All  over  the  Northeast 
these  students  in  Vocational  Agriculture  have  been  doing  an  outstanding  job.  The 
boys  bring  in  the  equipment  from  the  farms,  put  it  in  shape,  and  in  addition  some 
Departments  have  held  schools  where  young  men  out  of  school  could  come  and  get 

the  information  and  help  they  needed. 


All  hands  join  in  to  collect  scrap  to  make  steel  to  scuttle 
the  Axis!  Farmers  haul  their  scrap  to  the  central  “depot” 
provided  by  the  International  Harvester  dealer.  All  pro¬ 
ceeds  are  turned  over  to  the  farmers.  .  .  .  Keep  the  scrap 
coming  —  keep  it  moving  —  all  year! 


Thanks  for  a  Million 
Tons  of  Scrap  ^MiRaiS 


■“  but  Don't  Stop  Now!  Keep  the  Scrap 
Moving  Till  Victory  is  Won! 


ALL  AMERICA  is  watching  the  mag- 
L  nificent  salvage  job  of  the  farmers. 
Already  they  have  rounded  up  more  than 
a  million  tons  of  scrap— yes,  close  to  a 
million  and  a  halj! 

Right  there  on  all  your  farms  was  the 
War  Production  Board’s  toughest  salv¬ 
age  problem.  Industrial  scrap  flows  in 
regular  channels,  but  how  about  the 
dead  metals  of  Agriculture,  scattered  all 
over  rural  America— the  greatest  un¬ 
touched  reservoir  of  all  ?  How  could  all 
this  precious  metal  come  alive  and  move 
to  the  hungry  steel  mills— for  War ? 

Well,  the  farmers  and  their  friends, 
the  farm  equipment  dealers,  tackled  that 
tough  job.  They  had  used  this  metal  in 
the  building  of  Agriculture— they  had 


laid  it  aside  when  it  was  worn  out.  And 
now  they  have  demonstrated  that,  by 
George,  they  could  send  it  back! 

★  ★  ★ 

We  thank  all  our  farm  customers  every¬ 
where  for  rallying  to  this  urgent  call  of 
Uncle  Sam.  We  thank  the  thousands  of 
International  Harvester  dealers  who  are 
giving  so  much  time  and  work  without 
a  penny  of  profit  to  themselves  because 
the  Government  asked  Harvester  to  help 

get  the  scrap  off  the  farms. 

% 

And  we  give  full  recognition  to  all 
those  who  contribute  their  fine  support 
to  the  farmers  in  this  harvest  of  the 
metal  crop  — the  schools,  the  churches, 
the  clubs,  the  farm  press  and  the  news¬ 
papers,  the  countless  patriots  of  ten 


thousand  rural  communities.  Their’s 
is  a  crusade  — with  Victory  as  the  goal! 

KEEP  SCRAP  MOVING! 

A  million  and  a  half  tons— but  don’t 
stop  now!  Never,  while  the  liberty  of 
your  Nation  and  the  lives  of  your  sons 
are  at  stake!  Just  as  a  man  needs  food 
each  day,  the  mills  need  scrap  to  build 
the  weapons  of  Victory. 

Keep  the  scrap  moving  off  your  farm, 
keep  the  mills  at  work.  Collect  your  old 
iron  and  steel,  and  rubber,  too,  and  call 
up  your  farm  implement  dealer.  Salvage 
cooperation  is  one  of  his  extra  services, 
and  will  be  until  peace  is  here. 

International  Harvester  Company 

180  North  Michigan  Avenue  Chicago,  Illinois 


BUY  U.  S.  WAR  BONDS  AND  STAMPS 


INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER 


(388)  1© 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  July  4,  1942 


''Produce”,  Says  John  Brandt,  at 
Dairymen’s  League  Meeting 


WITH  BUSINESS  sessions  confin¬ 
ed  to  one  day  and  attendance  re¬ 
duced  to  about  1,000  because  of  war, 
the  23rd  annual  meeting  of  the  Dairy¬ 
men’s  League  Cooperative  Association 
was  marked  by  harmony  and  determi¬ 
nation  to  carry  on. 

Time  after  time  the  annual  address 
of  President  Fred  H.  Sexauer  was  in- 
terupted  by  applause  as  he  voiced  the 
principles  for  which  the  League  fights, 
and  pledged  all-out  effort  to  win  the 
war.  “The  Dairymen’s  League  did  not 
need  war  to  make  it  patriotic,”  he  said. 
“It  s  members’  faith  in  God  and  dem¬ 
ocratic  ideals  are  so  deep-rooted  that 


Pearl  Harbor  •  1941 


TYlctie,  thcvro 

Four  Wars  Ago 


Manila  Bay  •  1898 
Meuse-Argonne  •  1918 


Gettysburg  •  1863 


FRICK  STEAM 
ENGINE  OF  THE 
FIFTIES 


FRICK  STEEL 
THRESHER 


In  1850,  to  be  exact, 
a  millwright  named 
George  Frick  built  his 
first  steam  engine,  and 
began  the  work  which 
now  means  so  much 
to  the  Victory  program. 

By  1860  the  Frick 
shops  at  Waynesboro 
were  producing  hun¬ 
dreds  of  engines. 

(General  Lee’s  men, 
during  the  return  from  Gettysburg,  took 
the  belting  from  the  plant,  for  use  as 
shoe  leather.) 

By  the  time  of  the  Spanish-American 
War,  Frick  steam  traction  engines, 
threshers,  saw  mills,  and  similar  machin¬ 
ery  were  playing  a  vital  part  in  feeding 
and  equipping  the  na¬ 
tion. 

In  the  World  War  of 
1914-18  Frick  ma¬ 
chines  were  used  in 
the  fields  and  forests 
in  still  greater  num¬ 
bers.  They  helped  feed 
many  of  the  Allied 

Nations,  which  depended  heavily  on  Am¬ 
erica  for  food.  They  sawed  lumber  for 
use  in  shipbuilding,  army  camps,  muni¬ 
tions  plants,  and  other  important  work. 

The  present  conflict  finds  the  Frick 
line  of  machinery  much  more  complete, 
and  more  essential  than  ever  to  Victory. 
Frick  combines,  threshers,  peanut  pick¬ 
ers,  tractors,  feed  mills,  silo  fillers,  bal¬ 
ers,  saw  mills  and  en¬ 
gines  are  used  on  es¬ 
sential  work  by  thou¬ 
sands  of  farmers  and 
lumbermen. 

Get  in  touch  with 
the  nearest  Frick  Branch  or  Dealer.  They 
can  aid  you  in  applying  the  machinery 
available  to  your  needs  with  the  best 
results. 

FRICK  Co. 

WAYNESBORO,  PA. 


FRICK  SAW  MILL 


if  was  as  natural  as  breathing  foi 
League  members  to  open  or  close  a 
meeting  with  a  patriotic  song.  The 
League  does  not  have  the  advantage  of 
being  a  war  industry.  It  does  not 
have  its  costs  guaranteed  by  the  gov¬ 
ernment.  It  cannot  raise  the  wages 
and  salaries  of  employees  and  collect 
from  government  contracts.  It  does 
not  have  automatic  deferment  for  em¬ 
ployees.  As  a  result  it  has  lost  more 
than  its  share  of  employees  to  the 
army  and  defense  industries.” 

Sexauer  said  few  persons  realized 
the  “bigness”  of  the  League’s  opera¬ 
tions.  It  is  the  largest  organization 
of  fluid  milk  producers  in  the  country, 
with  approximately  30,000  members. 
The  next  organization  in  size  is  the 
Pure  Milk  Association,  with  16,000. 
Receipts  during  the  past  fiscal  year 
were  $74,511,000,  an  increase  of  14  per 
cent  over  the  previous  year.  Members 
received  approximately  a  cent  a  quart 
more  for  their  milk  than  in  the  previ¬ 
ous  year. 

Sexauer  said  the  League,  the  largest 
organization  in  the  milkshed,  has  tried 
to  share  responsibilities  and  credit  for 
accomplishments  with  all  other  groups, 
through  the  medium  of  bargaining 
agencies.  “The  result  has  not  been  en¬ 
tirely  satisfactory,”  he  continued. 
“Some  have  accepted  the  prestige 
which  came  with  membership  in  the 
bargaining  agency,  but  refused  respon¬ 
sibility  and  later  withdrew. 

“We  tried  to  share  responsibility 
with  all  dairy  organizations  through 
the  Young  committee.  Owen  D.  Young 
exercised  magnificent  leadership  in  a 
difficult  situation.  Here,  too,  many  or¬ 
ganizations  refused  or  were  unable  to 
face  the  responsibilities  which  fell  up¬ 
on  them  when  working  with  other 
dairy  groups.  The  time  came  when  if 
progress  was  to  be  made  the  League 
had  to  step  out  alone,  unable  to  brook 
the  dilatory  tactics  of  one  or  two  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  Young  committee.  When 
one  or  two  refused  to  move,  the  effec¬ 
tiveness  of  Mr.  Young’s  effort  was 
sabotaged.” 

April  1  amendments  to  the  milk 
marketing  order  were  unsatisfactory, 
Sexauer  said,  making  diversion  pay¬ 
ments  available  only  on  evaporated 
milk  and  cheese.  This,  he  said,  gave 
“great  financial  advantage  to  manu¬ 
facturers  and  handlers.  .  .  .  As  a  result, 
since  April  1  the  industry  has  been  in 
a  chaotic  condition.”  In  order  to  pro¬ 
tect  the  market,  he  said,  the  League 
has  handled  about  10  million  pounds  of 
milk  of  other  cooperatives.  Without 
this  aid,  he  said,  producers  would  be 
without  markets  or  at  the  bargaining 
mercy  of  dealers.” 

New  Officers 

Following  the  membership  meeting 
directors  re-elected  Sexauer  as  presi¬ 
dent;  Henry  H.  Rathbun  of  New  Hart¬ 
ford,  N.  Y.,  as  first  vice-president,  and 
L.  M.  Hardin  of  Sussex,  N.  J.,  as  sec¬ 
ond  vice-president.  J.  A.  Coulter  de¬ 
clined  re-election  as  a  director  and 
treasurer.  He  had  served  the  League 
in  one  capacity  or  another  for  20  years, 


during  the  past  eight  as  treasurer. 

Leon  A.  Chapin  of  North  Bangor, 
secretary  for  several  years,  was  named 
treasurer,  and  Ernest  C.  Strobeck  of 
Macedon  succeeds  Chapin  as  secretary. 
Sexauer,  Rathbun,  Chapin  and  Stro¬ 
beck  continue  on  the  executive  com¬ 
mittee,  with  Ernest  M.  Dann  of  Ham¬ 
den,  Delaware  County,  elected  as  the 
fifth  member  in  place  of  Coulter. 
George  R.  Fitts  of  Cortland  was  con¬ 
tinued  as  executive  assistant  and  Miss 
Priscilla  M.  Rowe  of  New  York  as  as¬ 
sistant  secretary. 

The  Free  Farmers’  fight  against  or¬ 
ganizing  of  dairy  farmers  in  the  Unit¬ 
ed  Mine  Workers  was  given  vigorous 
support.  A  report  of  the  resolutions 
committee,  which  was  adopted  unani¬ 
mously,  placed  the  League  on  record 
as  “recognizing  the  right  of  labor  to 
organize  to  protect  its  rights,  and  even 
to  strike  if  necessary.”  But  it  also 
pointed  out  that  “certain  labor  leaders 
do  not  have,  and  cannot  at  any  future 
time  have  anything  in  common  with 
farmers.” 

Another  resolution  pointed  out  that 
consumers  incomes  have  increased  much 
more  rapidly  than  farmers’  prices.  In 
spite  of  this,  it  said,  there  is  opposition 
to  giving  farmers  prices  which  will  en¬ 
able  them  to  produce  at  a  high  level 
and  pay  their  costs.  It  said  that  if 
production  is  to  be  continued  at  this 
level  it  will  be  necessary  for  farm 
prices  to  rise  and  it  urged  that  the 
League  undertake  to  acquaint  the  gen¬ 
eral  public  with  the  true  economics  of 
the  situation. 

Urges  Plenty 

John  Brandt,  president  of  the  Na¬ 
tional  Cooperative  Milk  Producers’ 
Federation,  appearing  as  a  guest 
speaker,  said  prosperity  depends  upon 
a  production  of  plenty  rather  than  “a 
philosophy  of  prosperity  based  on 
scarcity.”  Scarcity  never  brings  pros¬ 
perity,  he  said.  “Real  prosperity  will 
come  only  when  all  groups  produce  too 
much  and  are  in  position  to  trade  with 
each  other.  Then  we  will  get  a  lot  for 
a  little.” 

Brandt  also  is  president  of  Land 
O’Lakes  Creameries,  one  of  the  largest 
cooperative  dairy  manufacturing  con¬ 
cerns  in  the  country.  While  manpow¬ 
er  in  the  cities  is  used  only  40  hours 
a  week,  he  said,  “farmers  are  working 
70  hours  and  industry  is  drawing  off 
our  manpower.”  This  drain  on  farm 
manpower  is  becoming  more  and  more 
serious,  he  said,  “but  in  spite  of  this, 
we  farmers  are  going  to  produce  to 
our  utmost  for  the  needs  of  the  na¬ 
tion.” 


Mrs.  Frank  Hastings,  of  Stony 
Creek,  N.  Y.,  winner  of  bread  contest 
held  by  Stony  Creek  Grange,  War¬ 
ren  Co.  Mrs.  Hastings  is  now  eligible 
to  compete  later  in  the  county  con¬ 
test.  This  statewide  bread-baking 
competition  is  being  sponsored  joint¬ 
ly  by  New  York  State  Grange  and 
AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 


JOIN  THE  A.F.F.V. 

It  is  going  to  take  plenty  of 
airplanes,  tanks  and  ammunition, 
plenty  of  soldiers  and  sailors  to 
win  this  war.  It  is  going  to  take 
plenty  of  food,  too;  and  it  takes 
just  as  much  skill  to  work  on  a 
farm  as  it  does  to  work  in  a  fac¬ 
tory.  That  is  why  AMERICAN 
AGRICULTURIST  is  urging 
young  men  on  farms  to  stay 
there  rather  than  to  accept  jobs 
in  factories,  and  to  request  de¬ 
ferment  as  farm  workers  where- 
ever  the  situation  warrants  it. 

To  encourage  them,  we  are  giv¬ 
ing  many  of  them  an  American 
Farm  Front  Volunteers  Certifi¬ 
cate.  If  you  are  between  the  ages 
of  18  and  45  and  are  doing  your 
part  to  win  this  war  on  the  Farm 
Front,  write  AMERICAN  AGRI¬ 
CULTURIST,  Department  C,  P. 
O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  New’  York, 
for  an  American  Farm  Front 
Volunteers  application. 


AG.  COLLEGE  PLANS 
"WINTER  TERM” 

The  New  York  State  College  of 
Agriculture  at  Cornell  is  making  it 
possible  for  students  Jto  get  training 
in  agriculture  and,  at  the  same  time, 
work  during  the  eight  most  productive 
months  of  the  year  on  the  farm.  Start¬ 
ing  next  November  16  and  ending 
March  13,  the  State  College  of  Agri¬ 
culture  will  provide  a  winter  term. 
This  is  not  the  usual  short  course  in 
agriculture  which  has  been  available 
at  Cornell,  but  is  fully  equivalent  to 
one  term  of  the  regular  two-year 
course  in  agriculture  at  Cornell.  Work 
done  will  give  credit  toward  a  two- 
year  certificate,  and  if  the  work  is 
satisfactory,  it  may  later  count  toward 
a  degree.  The  usual  two  terms  will 
be  provided  for  most  students. 

— a.  a. — 

A.  A.  ON  THE  AIR 

American  Agriculturist  is  on  the  air 
each  day  except  Sunday  over  the  fol¬ 
lowing  stations.  Plan  to  tune  in  to  the 
station  nearest  you. 

WHCU,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  at  870  on  your 
dial,  7:14  A.  M.,  daily  except 
Sunday. 

WHAM,  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  at  1180  on  your 
dial,  6:45  A.  M.,  daily  except 
Sunday. 

WBTA,  Batavia,  N.  Y.,  at  1490  on  your 
dial,  8:20  A.  M.  and  12:05  P.  M., 
daily  except  Sunday. 

WKNE,  Keene,  N.  H.,  at  1290  on  your 
dial,  6:50  A.  M.,  daily  except 
Sunday. 

WTRY,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  at  980  on  your  dial, 
6:30  A.  M.,  daily  except  Sunday. 

— A.  a. — 

Two  New  York  State  Holstein  herds 
have  made  records  worthy  of  mention. 
The  herd  of  John  Holser  of  Troy,  New 
York,  recently  completed  its  first  year 
of  Herd  Improvement  Registry  Test 
and  placed  second  in  the  nation.  This 
is  a  small  herd  of  six  cows,  but  aver¬ 
age  production  was  15,398  pounds  of 
milk  and  537.6  pounds  of  butterfat. 

The  Holstein  herd  of  H.  R.  Wait  of 
Auburn,  New  York,  was  recently 
classified  for  type.  Of  the  103  ani¬ 
mals,  8  were  listed  as  “excellent,”  28 
“very  good,”  38  “good  plus,”  27  “good,” 
and  2  “fair.”  Under  herd  classifica¬ 
tion,  each  animal  is  scored  according 
to  an  official  score  card.  Animals 
classified  as  “poor”  have  their  registry 
certificates  cancelled,  thereby  barring 
future  offspring  from  being  registered. 
Bull  calves  from  cows  classified  as 
“fair”  cannot  be  registered. 

{  BUY  VICTORY  BONDS  j 


/ 


Ai.  .erican  Agriculturist,  July  4,  1942 


1  1  (389) 


<7 <4e  Market  Hanxwiete/i 


MILK  PRICES 

NEW  YORK. — For  the  month  of  May, 
milk  producers  in  the  New  York  City 
Milk  Shed  received  a  uniform  price  of 
$2.34  a  hundred,  51c  above  May  a  year 
ago.  Volume  of  milk  during  the  month 
was  the  largest  for  any  month  since 
the  Federal-State  Orders  were  estab¬ 
lished  in  1938.  Previous  record  was 
May  a  year  ago,  and  this  year’s  record 
topped  that  by  3.6%.  Total  value  of 
the  milk  in  the  pool  was  over  $17,- 
800,000. 

ROCHESTER. — According  to  Adminis¬ 
trator  Clough,  the  uniform  milk  price 
for  May  in  the  Rochester  area  is  $2.65. 
Total  milk  in  the  pool  was  17,045,809 
lbs.,  and  the  total  value  of  the  pool  was 
$461,233.45. 

BUFFALO. — Administrator  Lasher  an¬ 
nounces  the  uniform  price  in  the  Buf¬ 
falo  area  for  the  month  of  May  at 
$2.41.  Producers  delivering  direct  to 
dealers  will  receive  an  additional  15c. 
Amount  of  milk  in  the  pool  was 
40,413,225  lbs.,  and  the  total  value 
$1,000,083.37.  The  Buffalo  price  in 
May  last  year  was  $1.92. 

— a.  a. — 

MILK  PRODUCTION 
PEAK  PASSED 

Last  week  in  May  was  the  high 
point  in  milk  production  in  New  York 
State  for  the  year.  Production  for  the 
month  was  6%  over  a  year  ago  and 
highest  for  any  month  since  monthly 
records  were  available  in  1922.  Reasons 
are:  a  few  more  cows  on  farms,  a 
little  higher  rate  of  spring  freshening, 
continued  heavy  feeding  of  concen¬ 
trates,  and  excellent  pastures.  U.  S 
production  for  May  was  about  4% 
above  last  year. 

Ninety-eight  per  cent  of  New 
York  dairy  farmers  used  motor  ve¬ 
hicles  for  hauling  milk.  Eighty-four 
per  cent  use  motor  trucks,  and  twelve 
per  cent  use  passenger  cars.  Two  per 
cent  reported  use  of  both  cars  and 
trucks.  Thirty-two  per  cent  of  dairy 
farmers  reported  use  of  passenger  cars 
to  haul  feed  and  other  supplies. 

— a.  a. — 

CROP  PROSPECTS 

FRUIT 

APPLES. — Although  New  York  orch- 
ardists  have  found  it  difficult  to  keep 
up  with  the  spray  program,  conditions 
are  reported  somewhat  better  than  last 
year  and  above  average  for  the  entire 
country. 

PEACHES. — U.  S.  peach  crop  is  fore¬ 
cast  at  67,418,000  bushels.  Last  year’s 
crop  was  74,170,000  bushels,  and  the 
average  for  the  years  1930-39  was 
54,706,000  bushels.  By  states,  the  New 
England  crop  (with  the  exception  of 
Connecticut)  is  lighter;  New  York 
State  90%  of  last  year  and  about  equal 
to  the  ten-year  average  of  1,470,000 
bushels;  New  Jersey  slightly  under  last 
year  and  somewhat  larger  than  the 


EGGS 

RECEIVE  all  grades  —  paying  extra  for 
FANCY  WHITE  AND  BROWN. 

A  direct  outlet  for  your  eggs  to  retail  trade. 
MAKE  PROMPT  RETURNS. 

CARL  AHLERS,  Inc. 

168  DUANE  STREET,  NEW  YORK.  N.  Y. 

Established  1898. 


SHIP  US  YOUR  EGGS 

Brown  eggs  bring  top  prices  in  the  Boston  Market, 
white  also  in  demand  Fair  trealment  and  prompt 
Payment.  Free  market  information  upon  request. 

NORMAN  B.  SMALL  CO. 

I  FANEUIL  HALL  MARKET,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


ten-year  average  of  1,106,000  bushels; 
Pennsylvania  1,720,000  bushels,  about 
125,000  bushels  less  than  last  year  but 
slightly  above  the  ten-year  average; 
Delaware  and  Maryland  lighter  than 
last  year;  Virginia  slightly  above. 

PEARS. — The  estimated  New  York 
pear  crop  is  963,000  bushels,  compared 
with  848,000  last  year.  U.  S.  crop  is 
about  the  same  as  last  year,  but  7% 
above  the  ten-year  average. 

CHERRIES.— New  York  State  sweet 
cherry  crop  this  year  is  estimated  at 
2,500  tons,  about  the  same  as  last  year. 
Sour  cherry  crop  is  estimated  at 
23,000  tons,  compared  with  last  year’s 
light  crop  of  14,500  tons.  Eleven  im¬ 
portant  sour  cherry  states  expect  a 
crop  of  90,820  tons,  compared  with 
last  year’s  crop  of  82,400  tons. 

GRAIN 

WHEAT.— Estimated  U.  S.  wheat  crop 
of  868,059,000  bushels  is  8%  less  than 
last  year’s  crop,  but  substantially 
above  the  ten-year  average.  New 
York  State’s  estimated  winter  wheat 


WGY  Farm  | 
PROGRAMS 

C 

I 


Daily  except  Sunday,  12:30  p.  m.  Weath¬ 
er  Report. 

Daily  except  Sunday,  12:31  p.  m.,  N.  Y. 
State  Wholesale  Produce  Markets. 

Daily  exc.  Sat.  and  Sun.,  6:10  p.  m.,  N. 
Y.  City  Wholesale  Produce  Market. 

Monday  only,  12:34  p.  m..  Metropolitan 
Milk  Market  Report. 

This  schedule  subject  to  change  without 
notice. 

Monday,  July  6th 

12:35 — ‘‘The  Agricultural  Fron,t.” 

12:45 — “A  Fire  in  the  Night,'*’  Future 
Farmers,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 

Tuesday,  July  7th 

12:35 — “Let’s  Do  a  Better  Job  with  the 
New  Pullets,”  E.  I.  Robertson. 

12:45 — Homemaker’s  Council,  “Tighten 
Up  on  the  Loose  Talk.” 

Wednesday,  July  8th 

12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“The  Last  Word  on  New  Electrical 
Equipments,”  Ed  W.  Mitchell. 

12:45 — Countryside  Talk,  Ray  F.  Pol¬ 
lard. 

Thursday,  July  9th 

12:35 — “Streamlining  Milk  Collection 
and  Delivery,”  Dr.  M.  A.  Collins. 

12:45 — “Van  Aernam’s  Scrapbook,”  J. 
H.  Van  Aernam. 

Friday,  July  10th 

12:35 — Panel  Discussion — SCS. 

Saturday,  July  11th 

12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “With  the 
Victory  Garden  Battle  Half  Won,”  Rens¬ 
selaer  County  (N.  Y.)  4-H  Clubs. 

12:45 — A  Primer  of  Good  Government, 
“The  Citizen,”  Prof.  H.  F.  Sylvester. 


Monday.  July  13th 

12:35 — “The  Lord  Helps  Churches  that 
Help  Themselves,”  Rev.  Harry  E.  Titus. 

12:45 — Parents  on  Trial,  “Don’t  Be 
Afraid,”  Dr.  R.  W.  Frederick. 

Tuesday,  July  15th 

12:35 — “Fighting  the  Foe  with  Food,” 
T.  N.  Hurd. 

12:45 — Homemaker’s  Council,  “Share 
and  Share  Alike.” 

Wednesday,  July  15th 

12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“The  Last  Word  on  Electrical  Repair 
Parts,”  Ed  W.  Mitchell. 

12:45  —  Countryside  Talk,  Bristow 
Adams. 

Thursday,  July  16th 

12:35 — “Keeping  Our  Flocks  on  Their 
Toes.”  E.  G.  Brougham. 

12:45 — “Van  Aernam’s  Scrapbook,”  J. 
H.  Van  Aernam. 

Friday,  July  17th 

12:35— A.  A.  A. 

12:45 — “What  to  Do  About  Pullorum 
Disease,”  Dr.  A.  L.  Brown. 

Saturday,  July  18th 

12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “A  Fifth 
4-H  for  4-H  People,”  Bennington  County 
(Vt.)  4-H  Clubs. 

12 :45 — A  Primer  of  Good  Government, 
‘  The  Town  Committeeman,”  Washington 
Pomona  Grange. 


crop  is  7,098,000  bushels,  6%  more  than 
last  year  despite  a  7%  reduction  in 
acreage. 

OATS. — Estimated  U.  S.  oat  crop  is 
1,252,380,000  bushels.  Last  year’s  crop 
totaled  1,176,107,000  bushels,  and  the 
ten-year  average  was  1,007,141,000 
bushels.  New  York  State  crop  is  esti¬ 
mated  at  30,835,000  bushels,  compared 
with  a  ten-year  average  of  23,817,000 
bushels. 

BARLEY. — U.  S.  crop  is  estimated  at 
12%  above  1941. 

—  A.  A. — 

BUSY  "SHELL  OUT” 

U.  S.  commercial  hatcheries  turned 
out  911,000,000  chicks  during  the  first 
five  months  of  1942,  an  increase  of  6% 
over  the  same  period  in  1941.  The 
number  of  young  chickens  in  U.  S. 
farm  flocks  on  June  1  was  12%  above 
June  1  last,  the  highest  since  1930. 

New  York  State  hens  produced 
203,000,000  eggs  in  May,  2%  over  May 
last  year;  while  the  U.  S.  May  produc¬ 
tion  was  16%  above  May  last  year  and 
21%  above  the  ten-year  average. 

Commercial  stocks  of  shell  eggs  in 
storage  on  June  1  were  38%  above  last 
June,  but  only  16%  above  the  five- 
year  average.  A  combination  of  frozen 
and  shell  eggs  in  storage,  including 
government  holdings,  were  equivalent 
to  12,859,000  cases,  which,  in  view  of 
the  needs  of  our  armed  forces,  are  not 
considered  burdensome. 

— a.  a.  — 

The  Wrong  Approach 

Recently  the  Governor  signed  a  num¬ 
ber  of  bills  passed  by  the  Legislature 
providing  supplementary  funds  for 
agricultural  research.  A  group  of 
farmers  attended  a  hearing  on  the  bills 
in  his  office.  One  of  the  farmers  re¬ 
turned  home  very  much  depressed, 
fearing  that  one  of  the  major  points  in 
favor  of  the  bills  had  not  been  gotten 
over  to  the  Governor.  He  sat  down 
and  wrote  a  letter  to  the  Governor. 
He  told  him  that  for  25  years  he  had 
been  a  farmer,  that  the  biggest  thing 
he  had  done  was  to  provide  cheap  food 
for  the  cities,  and  that  he  had  been 
able  to  do  this  only  because  of  re¬ 
search. 

For  a  long  time  I  have  had  a  dis¬ 
tinct  feeling  that  we  have  been  selling 
agricultural  research  on  the  wrong 
basis — or,  more  properly,  we  have  fail¬ 
ed  to  sell  it.  Too  often  funds  are  ask¬ 
ed  “for  agricultural  research.”  Public 
officials  and  taxpayers  are  not  sym¬ 
pathetic,  because  they  do  not  under¬ 
stand. 

They  are  more  or  less  fed  up  with 
reading  about  110  per  cent  of  parity, 
AAA  payments,  subsidies  and  “farm 
relief”  of  one  kind  or  another.  These 
requests  for  research  funds  may  sound 
to  them  like  just  another  handout  for 
the  farmers.  Some  of  them  have  told 
me  that  if  farmers  want  a  lot  of 
money  for  research  they  should  pro¬ 
vide  it  themselves. 

I  think  we  have  failed  almost  en¬ 
tirely  to  show  that  agricultural  re¬ 
search  is  not  so  much  for  the  benefit 
of  the  farmer  as  it  is  for  general  pub¬ 
lic  welfare.  It  seems  to  me  strange 
for  farmers  alone  to  carry  the  ball  on 
something  that  is  for  the  general  pub¬ 
lic  good.  I  suggest  that  hereafter 
when  we  go  after  public  funds  fox- 
sound  research  we  invite  representa¬ 
tives  of  consumer  groups  to  go  along. 

It  has  been  my  experience  that  con¬ 
sumer  groups  do  not  know  about  farm 
x-esearch,  and  that  when  they  are  edu¬ 
cated  on  the  subject  they  are  intense¬ 
ly  interested.  It  seems  to  me  the 
greatest  contribution  the  farm  groups 
could  make  to  the  advancement  of 
agricultural  research  would  be  to  edu¬ 
cate  and  interest  consumer  groups  in 
this  great  field  of  activity  for  the  bene¬ 
fit  of  producers  and  consumers  alike. 

— Skeff . 


WAR  MESSAGE  FROM 
THE  U.  S.  TREASURY 
DEPARTMENT 


MINUTE  MAN 


It  is  not  by  chance  that  the 
symbol  of  America’s  War 
Bond  drive  .  .  .  the  “Minute 
Man”  shown  here  ...  is  a 
farmer.  It  was  the  farmers 
of  Concord  and  Lexington 
who  fired  “the  shot  heard 
round  the  world”  and  gave 
this  country  the  liberty  it 
fights  to  preserve  today 

Now  again  the  farmers  of 
America  are  rallying  to  their 
country’s  call- — by  feeding 
the  Army,  Navy,  and  Marine 
Corps  and  by  buying  U.  S. 
War  Savings  Bonds  to  the 
limit  of  their  powers. 

Are  you  putting  your  in¬ 
creased  earnings  to  work  for 
you  —and  for  your  country? 
It’s  a  sure  way  to  save  up  for 
the  things  you’ll  need  when 
victory  is  ours.  Your  money 
will  be  safe,  it  will  grow  in 
value,  and  you  can  get  it 
back — all  of  it — any  time 
after  60  days  from  issue 
date.  Go  to  your  bank  or 
post  office,  start  buying  U.  S. 
War  Savings  Bonds  now! 

Why  Farmers  Everywhere  Are 
Buying'U.  S.  War  Savings  Bonds 

To  help  buy  the  guns,  tanks, 
planes,  and  ships  America  needs 
to  win  the  war. 

To  provide  an  easily  cashable  re¬ 
serve  for  future  years. 

To  build  a  fund  to  put  a  boy  or 
girl  through  school. 


This  Space  Is  a  Contribution  to  America’s 
All-Out  War  Program  by 

American 

AGRICULTURIST 


(390)  12 


Ai  terican  Agriculturist,  July  4,  1942 


l/Ui/ie 
Killed  <Jle>i 


Iti|  Virginia  Pcndergast 

Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y 4-H  Club  Member 


CLEAN  UP  your  old  rusty  wire. 

Plow  under  the  fences  that  are 
breaking  off  in  sharp,  short  pieces. 
Open  your  baled  hay  and  straw  with 
care. 

Why?  We’ve  learned  a  tragic  and 
expensive  lesson  on  our  farm,  and  we 
hope  you  will  benefit  from  it.  On  May 
31,  one  of  our  most  valuable  4-H  ani¬ 
mals  died  —  the  end  of  a  heroic  strug¬ 
gle  against  peritonitus  caused  by  a 
piece  of  rusty  wire  in  her  stomach. 

We  raised  “Belle”  —  the  daughter  of 
one  of  our  finest  show  cows  and  pro¬ 
ducers.  She  freshened  for  the  first 
time  last  September,  and  proving  that 
she  was  not  just  a  “show  cow,”  Belle 
made  290  lbs.  of  fat  before  she  died, 
and  was  seriously  sick  the  last  three 
months  she  was  on  test. 

One  day  in  early  November,  Dad 
remarked  that  Belle  did  not  look  too 
healthy.  Her  hide  was  rough,  and  she 
seemed  to  breathe  rapidly.  (Please 
note  that  this  was  our  first  warning. 
If  only  we  had  had  her  thoroughly  ex¬ 
amined  by  a  good  veterinarian  then.) 
We  thought  it  was  a  bit  of  indigestion. 
She  was  milking  heavy,  and  seemed  to 
have  a  good  appetite. 

All  seemed  well  until  February,  and 
then  she  went  off  feed  completely.  We 
found  her  very  bloated  and  uncomfort¬ 
able,  standing  with  her  back  arched 
and  her  head  low.  Thinking  the  bloat 
was  caused  by  constipation,  we  poured 
molasses  and  lard  down  her.  That 
helped  a  little,  but  she  did  not  eat. 
The  evening  of  February  21,  we  about 
gave  up  hope.  Belle  was  very  low. 
We  vowed  that  if  she  was  alive  the 
next  morning,  we  would  have  her  ex¬ 
amined  by  a  veterinarian.  Unfortun¬ 
ate  for  us  all,  she  was  so  much  better 
the  next  morning  that  we  thought  it 
unnecessary  to  call.  She  regained  her 
appetite  and  came  back  up  on  her  milk 
considerably. 

On  April  27,  she  had  another  at¬ 
tack  of  bloat,  constipation  and  loss  of 
appetite.  We  stopped  at  the  Vet  Col¬ 
lege  at  Cornell  to  ask  their  advice. 
We  were  pretty  sure  by  now  that  it 
was  a  foreign  body.  They  recommend¬ 
ed  a  veterinarian  who  lived  near  us 
and  who  had  had  a  great  deal  of  ex¬ 
perience  in  operating.  We  talked  the 
case  over  with  him,  with  the  result 
that  he  came  up  the  next  day  to  ex¬ 
amine  her. 

She  was  not  eating  much  of  anything 
and  was  so  rundown  that  he  decided 
to  wait  two  weeks  before  operating  in 
order  to  give  her  time  to  regain  her 
strength. 

The  two  weeks  went  by  without 
showing  much  improvement.  As  the 
veterinarian  made  the  incision,  a 
strange  look  came  over  his  face,  and 
he  called  to  his  assistant  to  look.  Then 
he  explained  to  us  that  peritonitus  had 
set  in  very  badly.  He  showed  where 
adhesions  had  been  and  how  serious  a 
case  of  infection  she  had.  He  got  the 
wire — a  piece  about  five  inches  long — 
that  was  embedded  deep  in  her  stom¬ 
ach.  He  sprayed  the  infected  tissues 
thoroughly  with  a  powder  to  counter¬ 
act  the  peritonitus,  and  sewed  her  up. 
He  gave  us  minute  instructions  as  to 
how  to  take  care  of  her,  but  he  gave 
us  very  little  hope.  “I’ve  seen  more 
of  them  die  than  live  when  they  have 
as  much  infection  as  that,”  he  said. 
Belle  spent  an  uncomfortable  night. 


She  could  have  nothing  to  eat  for  48 
hours,  and  had  to  be  muzzled,  lest  she 
eat  her  bedding.  The  next  few  days 
found  her  as  bright  as  she  had  been 
for  a  long  time.  We  gave  her  doses  of 
sulfanilimide  regularly  in  a  handful  of 
moist  beet  pulp,  and  how  she  would 
lick  out  the  bucket!  The  incision  heal¬ 
ed  without  a  bit  of  drainage.  Our 
hopes  began  to  rise. 

But  about  a  week  and  a  half  after 
the  operation,  Belle  began  to  lose  her 
appetite  and  to  scour.  The  veterinari¬ 
an  came  Saturday  and  checked  her 
over.  He  gave  her  several  injections, 
but  shook  his  head  when  he  left.  Sat¬ 
urday  afternoon,  Belle  tried  to  get  up 


MOWING  PASTURES 

When  should  pastures  be  mowed? 
Should  the  clippings  be  left  on  the  pas¬ 
ture  or  raked  off? 

A  good  time  to  mow  pastures  is  just 
as  the  grass  is  heading  out.  It  is  rec¬ 
ommended  as  one  of  the  best  pasture 
management  practices  that  can  be  fol¬ 
lowed  at  low  cost,  but  of  course  it  can¬ 
not  be  followed  unless  pastures  are 
reasonably  level.  Failure  to  clip  pas¬ 
tures  tends  to  crowd  out  the  white 
clover.  Besides  that,  the  tall  grass  is 
lower  in  protein  and  less  palatable  to 
stock. 


THE  EGG  COOLER  shown  above 
was  constructed  in  less  than  30 
minutes,  cost  only  a  dollar,  and  has 
already  helped  two  poultrymen  get 
more  money  for  their  eggs. 

All  one  has  to  do  is  to  turn  an  or¬ 
ange  crate  bottom  side  up  and  cut  a 
hole  in  one  end  and  another  in  the 
top.  Then  fasten  an  electric  fan  (cost 
$1.00)  so  that  it  will  blow  a  blast  of 
air  into  the  end  of  the  crate.  Set  the 
pail  of  eggs  over  the  hole  in  the  top 
and  let  them  cool. 

The  wire  basket  shown  has  a  ring 
of  cardboard  to  keep  the  air  from 
escaping  through  the  sides;  but  any 


and  couldn’t,  and  in  the  wee  hours  of 
the  next  morning,  our  prize  two-year- 
old  died.  \ 

All  we  can  do  now  is  to  wish  we 
had  had  her  examined  last  fall  or  even 
in  February.  Cows  like  Belle  can’t  be 
replaced  for  $40  or  $50,  nor  anywhere 
near  that  amount.  She  was  from  an 
extra  good  cow,  showed  promise  of 
being  a  high  producer  herself,  and  was 
bred  to  a  son  of  our  1,000  lb.  fat  cow, 
Aaggie.  We  figured  the  operation  was 
worth  the  risk.  It  was  a  gamble,  and 
we  lost — not  because  we  operated,  but 
because  we  didn’t  operate  in  time. 

I  plead  with  all  farmers  and  4-H 
members  not  to  pour  lard  and  molasses 
or  stimulant  down  a  cow  that  is  off 
feed  until  they  know  what  is  wrong 
with  her.  Fathers  of  4-H  dairy  club 
members  who  show  at  fairs,  when  you 
give  your  boy  or  girl  last  minute  in¬ 
structions  on  care  and  feeding,  include 
some  advice  on  the  opening  of  baled 
hay  and  straw  and  the  general  care  of 
haywire.  Many  times  those  boys  and 
girls  take  with  them  the  best  repre¬ 
sentatives  of  your  herd.  Don’t  feed 
them  haywire.  Haywire  and  old  fence 
wire  are  robbing  the  herds  in  this 
country  every  year.  It’s  time  some¬ 
thing  was  done  about  it. 


It  is  a  peculiar  thing,  but  cattle  will 
eat  a  lot  of  these  clippings  after  they 
are  dry.  However,  if  the  growth  is  at 
all  heavy,  many  dairymen  rake  the  clip¬ 
pings  and  store  them  for  calf  hay. 
They  make  excellent  hay. 

— a.  a. — 

MAKING  SOIL  ACID 

I  am  told  that  blueberries  need  an  acid 
soil.  Is  there  anything  that  can  be  added 
to  soil  to  make  it  acid  enough  for  blue¬ 
berries  to  grow? 

Soils  that  are  well  supplied  with  lime 
and  that  are  underlaid  with  limestone 


pail  with  porous  bottom  and  solid  sides 
will  work. 

The  problem  in  egg  cooling  is  to  get 
rid  of  the  animal  heat  quickly;  a  pail 
of  eggs  can  be  cooled  in  approximately 
30  minutes  if  the  cooler  is  set  up  in  a 
cool  cellar  where  the  ground  under  the 
crate  is  moist.  Another  improvement 
might  be  the  installing  of  a  cloth  which 
could  be  moistened  and  hung  across  the 
box  so  that  the  air  would  be  forced 
through  it  before  reaching  the  eggs. 

Eggs  thus  cooled  with  moist  air  will 
be  of  the  highest  quality  and  will  com¬ 
mand  top  prices  if  properly  handled 
after  being  cooled. 


rock  cannot  be  kept  sufficiently  acid 
for  blueberries  without  too  much  ex¬ 
pense.  Soils  already  slightly  acid  can 
be  put  in  shape  by  adding  finely  ground 
sulphur  (called  325-mesh  dusting  sul¬ 
phur).  It  takes  about  a  year  to  get  soil 
in  proper  shape.  The  amounts  to  add 
depend  on  how  acid  the  soil  already  is. 
The  correct  acidity  for  blue-berries  is 
pH-4.5.  I  suggest  you  write  to  Profes¬ 
sor  Co  lli  son,  Experiment  Station, 
Geneva,  N.  Y.,  for  further  information. 

— a.  a. — 

SQUASH  RUGS 

Is  there  any  spray  that  will  control 
squash  bugs? 

Rotenone  has  been  recommended  but 
the  WPB  has  forbidden  the  use  of  rote¬ 
none  processed  after  April  13  on  cer¬ 
tain  crops,  including  melons.  Nicotine 
sulphate  (Black  Leaf  No.  40)  is  now 
recommended  at  the  rate  of  1  quart  to 
50  gallons  of  water.  The  spray  is  direct¬ 
ed  at  the  base  of  the  plants  which 
should  be  thoroughly  covered.  You  will 
need  three  or  four  sprays  at  weekly 
intervals.  In  the  home  garden,  you  can 
cut  out  the  borers  as  soon  as  you  find 
them  and  cover  the  vines  with  moist 
dirt  at  a  point  3  or  4  feet  from  the 
base  of  the  plant. 

—a.  a. — 

SALT  FOR  HAY 

Does  the  addition  of  salt  to  hay  help 
to  prevent  spontaneous  combustion? 

It  is  not  safe  to  rely  on  this  prac¬ 
tice.  The  sure  method  is  to  wait  until 
hay  is  properly  cured  before  putting 
it  into  the  mow. 

—  A.  A. — 

RADISHES 

My  radishes  have  small  dark  holes  in 
them.  What  causes  this? 

This  sounds  like  injury  from  the 
cabbage  maggot.  Inasmuch  as  radishes 
can  be  planted  every  week  until  as 
late  as  the  first  of  September,  it  is 
still  worth  while  to  know  the  control 
methods.  There  are  two  common  meth¬ 
ods.  One  is  to  pour  on  the  row  a  solu¬ 
tion  of  corrosive  sublimate,  using  1 
ounce  to  8  gallons  of  water,  when  rad¬ 
ishes  first  germinate,  and  again  about 
ten  days  later.  Corrosive  sublimate  is 
a  deadly  poison).  Another  is  to  cover 
the  rows  with  a  dust  made  with  equal 
parts  of  tobacco  dust  and  lime,  being 
careful  not  to  cover  this  with  soil. 

— a.  a. — 

STORING  VEGETARLE 
SEEDS 

I  have  some  vegetable  seeds  left  over 
from  this  year.  Will  they  germinate  if  I 
save  them  until  next  year? 

Different  seeds  vary  in  the  time  they 
can  be  kept.  Parsnips,  onions,  and 
sweet  corn  lose  considerable  vitality 
over  a  year.  Beans,  peas,  carrots,  pars¬ 
ley  and  pepper  seeds  will  keep  better; 
while  most  other  kinds  can  be  kept  for 
as  long  as  four  or  five  years.  I  suggest 
you  store  these  left-over  seeds  in  a 
cool,  dry  place.  A  good  way  to  do  is  to 
seal  them  in  glass  jars.  Then  by  mak¬ 
ing  a  germination  test  next  spring  or 
by  planting  a  little  more  liberally,  you 
should  have  no  trouble. 

— a.  A.— 

CALF  SCOURS 

Some  years  ago,  I  read  a  remedy  for 
calf  scours  in  American  Agriculturist.  I 
cut  this  out  and  saved  it,  but  now  it  has 
been  mislaid.  Can  you  give  me  this  again? 

The  first  thing  to  do  is  to  cut  feed 
at  least  one-half.  Then  mix  1  ounce  of 
salol,  1  ounce  of  subnitrate  of  bismuth, 
and  3  ounces  of  bicarbonate  of  soda. 
Give  a  teaspoonful  of  this  mixture  in 
3  ounces  of  warm  milk  three  or  four 
times  a  day.  Keep  the  pen  clean,  and 
keep  the  calf  away  from  others  to 
which  the  trouble  might  spread. 


*7 tie  2uedlio*i  Qojc 


A  HOME-MADE  MONEY-MAKER 


Praise  from  General  MacArthur  is  not  light¬ 
ly  earned.  Behind  the  words  of  our  great  mili¬ 
tary  leader  are  the  deeds  of  Russians,  writ  large 
in  their  own  blood. 

Behind  the  feat  of  stopping  the  Nazi  juggernaut  lies 
a  tale  of  human  courage  and  sacrifice  so  vast  it  can  never 
be  recorded.  When  millions  of  human  beings  give  up  their 
lives  and  limbs,  their  health  and  homes,  their  very  clothing  for 
freedom,  their  heroism  can  only  be  summed  up  in  generalities. 

Fourth  of  July  has  a  deep  significance  in  the  history  of  America 
and  is  dedicated  to  the  freedom  and  liberty  which  we  all  hold  so  dear. 

This  Independence  Day  1942  with  America  again  in  the  thick  of  battle 
may  well  be  dedicated  to  the  honor  and  praise  of  courageous  Russian 
fighters.  Vast  numbers  of  these  unsung  heroes  now  lie  wounded  and  tor¬ 
tured  with  pain  in  crude  field  hospitals  where  medical  supplies  are  still 
“too  little.”  • 

America  welcomes  this  Independence  Day  1942  as  an  opportunity  to 
bestow  more  than  praise  on  the  people  who  stopped  Hitler.  We  can 
HELP  the  2,000,000  wounded  Russian  soldiers,  the  millions  of  sick  and 
homeless  civilians  who  barred  the  way  to  a  Nazi  victory.  We  can 
send  them  food,  clothing,  medical  supplies  to  help  them  live  and  fight 
on  to  our  common  Victory.  We  can  do  this  by  contributing  to  Rus¬ 
sian  War  Relief  which  buys  these  things  in  America,  with  your 
contributions,  and  sends  them  to  our  grateful  ally. 

GIVE  ....  GIVE  NOW! 


MILITARY 

FEAT 

IN  ALL  HISTORY” 


$6,000,000  Fund 
l  for  Russian  War  Relief 

RUSSIAN  WAR  RELIEF,  INC. 

11  East  35th  Street, 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

j 

I  enclose  herewith  my  check  (or  money  order) 

in  the  sum  of  $ - as  my  contribution 

to  Russian  War  Relief,  Inc. 

Please  acknowledge  and  send  receipt. 

I 

Name _ _ _ 

Address _ — _ _ _ 


“THE 

GREATEST 


nnai  lour  LoniriDUtion  win  Buy 

$500.00  will  buy  100  pounds  ol  sulfa  drugs 

$100.00  will  buy  10  field  instrument  sterilizers 

>50.00  will  furnish  medication  for  1000 
fever  cases 

$25.00  will  rehabilitate  a  wounded  Russian 
soldier  (average  cost  of  convalescent 
care) 

$10.00  will  disinfect  500  wounds 

$5.00  will  supply  equipment  for  a  minor 
surgical  operation 

$2.00  will  sew  up  66  incisions 

$1.00  will  deaden  pain  during  one  opera¬ 
tion. 


GENERAL 
MAC  ARTHUR 
CALLED  IT... 


Send  your  contribution  to:  Russian  War  Relief,  Inc.,  11  East 
35th  Street,  New  York  City.  Your  Dollars  Will  Be  Front  Line 
Fighters  in  the  Cause  of  Human  Freedom  —  Give  Today! 


|  Please  make  all  checks  (or  money  orders ) 
payable  to : 

|  Russian  War  Relief,  Inc. 

AA:6:42 


CAYUGA  MOTORS  CORPORATION 


ROBERT  E.  TREMAN,  President. 


ITHACA,  NEW  YORK 


(392)  14 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  July  4,  1942 


NositUealt  Makketi  la>i. A '(pdUeait  P naducesiA. 


"American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page 


99 


HOLSTEIN 


TRY  “WAIT  FARMS”  FIRST 

for  your  next  Herd  Sire.  We  specialize  on  Type  and 
Production.  2  Gold  Medal  Herd  Sires,  2  Silver  Medal. 
Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  thaeub^rnt  naryms’ 

ORCHARD  HILL  STOCK  FARM 

offers  for  sale  Carnation  bred  bulls  of  excellent  type 
from  high  producing  dams  and  sired  by 
Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

M.  R.  Klock  &  Son,  Fort  Plain,  N.  Y. 
Holstein  Bull  Calves,  for  sale  or  lease. 

sons  of  Commodore  Constance,  Dam  K.O.I.  Pauline 
made  Ib.J  lbs.  fat,  28079  lbs.  milk;  was  N.  Y.  State 
Champion.  Out  of  high  producing,  excellent  type  dams 
backed  by  4%  test  dams.  At  farmers’  prices.  PAUL 
STERUSKY,  Sunnyhill  Dairy  Farm,  Little  Falls.  N.  Y. 


For  Sale:  REGISTERED  HOLSTEINS 

Will  sell  30  head.  Your  choice  of  115.  Herd  average 
3.75%  fat  last  eighteen  months.  Many  splendid  fami¬ 
lies  that  combine  show  quality  with  high  production. 
Some  high  quality  young  bulls,  excellent  show  prospects. 
PAUL  SMITH,  NEWARK  VALLEY,  NEW  YORK. 


ALL  AGES,  BY  EXTRA 
WELL  BRED  SIRES,  FROM 
COWS  WITH  GOOD  C.T.A. 
RECORDS. 


BULLS 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y 


Thomas  Hill,  Rock  Hall,  Md. 


GUERNSEY 


TARBELL  FARMS  GUERNSEYS 

Federal  Accredited  —  360  HEAD  —  Negative 
YOUNG  BULLS  FOR  SALE.  CLOSELY  RELATED  TO 
Tarbell  Farms  Peerless  Margo  613193.  18501.4  lbs.  Milk, 
1013.3  lbs.  Fat.  World's  Champion  Jr.  3  Yr.  Old. 
Tarbell  Farms  Royal  Lenda  467961,  20508.9  lbs.  Milk, 
1109.0  lbs.  Fat.  World's  Champion  Jr.  4  Yr.  Old. 

TARBELL  FARMS 

Smithville  Flats,  N  ew  Y  ork 


For  Sale:  Registered  Guernsey  Bulls. 

READY  FOR  SERVICE,  FROM  600  LB.  DAMS. 
FEW  HEIFERS  UNDER  ONE  YEAR. 

Price  reasonable  (a  good  time  to  buy). 

Lake  Delaware  Farms,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEINS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 


Choice  Dairy  Cows 

50  Early  Fall  big  breedy  Heifers.  Holsteins  &  Guernseys; 
50  Early  Fall  cows,  Fancy  Grade  and  Reg.  Holsteins  &. 
Guernseys;  50  Fresh  cows  and  close  springers. 

O.  J.  WARD  &  SON,  cpAhr°3RH  oNr-3YY- 

Wanted:  Guernsey  and  Holstein  Cows, 

REGISTERED. 

Only  Dairymen  with  exceptional  grade  cows  need  answer. 

Jaeger  Bros.,  Lindenhurst,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 


REREFORDS 


“Don’t  worry  about  not  getting 
American  Agriculturist  when  my  tires 
wear  out  —  that’s  what  the  horse  is 
for. 


3  Reg.  Yearling  Hereford  Bulls. 

DOMINO,  WINDSOR  BRAE  BREEDING. 

ALSO  A  FEW  CHOICE  FEMALES. 

“ROAD’S  END,” 

CHERRY  PLAIN,  Renss.  Co.,  N.  Y.  Tel.  Berlin  25FI5 


For  Sale:  Registered  Hereford  Bull. 

I  YEAR  OLD  —  READY  FOR  SERVICE. 
APPROVED  AND  ACCREDITED  HERD. 

SHIP  ANY  STATE.  FARMERS’  PRICES. 

The  Gage  Stock  Farms,  Delanson,  N.  Y. 


SWINE 


Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 

PIGS 

Defend  your  family  meat  supply.  Invest  $2fi  or  $30  for 
4  or  5  pigs  now  to  provide  about  1000  lbs.  dressed 
pork  next  winter,  which  would  cost  about  $300.  at 
retail  meat  shops.  Feed  some  Brain,  pasture,  skim, 
garbage,  cull  fruit  and  vegetables,  incubator  eggs,  etc. 
iPigs  six  weeks  $6.50:  S  weeks  $7.00;  10  weeks  $8.00; 
12  weeks  $9.00.  Crated,  castrated,  serum  vaccinated, 
grain  fed  pigs.  Money  back  guaranteed  to  satisfy  on 
arrival.  Poland  Chinas.  Berkshires  or  Crosses.  Mail 
order  to — 

C.  STANLEY  SHORT,  CHESWOLD,  DELAWARE. 

REGISTERED  YORKSHIRES 

The  St.  Lawrence  County,  N.  Y.,  Pig  Club 
can  furnish  registered  young  gilts  and  boars, 
also  a  few  choice  bred  gilts.  Foundation  stock 
from  Canada.  Write  to 

C.  Arthur  Patten,  Sec.,  Lawrenceville,  N.  Y., 
or  to 

Basil  Cutway,  Hammond,  N.  Y.; 

Bruce  Chapman,  Norwood,  N.  Y.,  R.  1  ; 
Donald  McDonald,  Lisbon,  N.  Y.,  R.  3 ;  or 
Leonard  McDonald,  Lawrenceville,  N.  Y. 

For  Sale:  1  Registered  Berkshire  Boar, 

BEAVER  MEADOWS  CALVIN. 

25  month  old  grandson  of  Epoch’s  Flash  Again  and 
Canadian  Lad.  Good  shape,  fair  price. 

DOUGLAS  S.  LUKE,  BETHEL,  N.  Y. 


DOGS 


SHEPHERDS  —  COLLIES 

TRAINED  CATTLE  DOGS  AND  PUPS. 

HEEL  DRIVERS  —  BEAUTIES. 

WILMOT,  East  Thetford,  Vt. 


FOR  SALE:  German  Shepherd  Puppy, 

FEMALE,  14  WEEKS  OLD. 

Cosalta  breeding,  distemper  inoculated.  $25.00. 

I.  W.  Ingalls,  R.D.  3,  Trumansburg,N.Y. 

PUREBRED  SABLE  AND  TRI-COLORED 

COLLIE  PUPS 

FARM  RAISED  —  BEST  FAMILY  DOGS. 

MRS.  R.  V.  CALL,  BATAVIA,  N.  Y. 


GOATS 


SAANEN  DOE  KIDS 

Out  of  Prize  Stock.  These  kids  are  exceptionally  fine. 
We  also  have  a  few  yearlings  and  milking  goats. 
Farm  labor  shortage  forces  these  bargain  offerings. 
TWIN  PINE  GOAT  FARM, 

Route  I,  Box  III,  WANTAGH,  L.  I„  N.  Y. 


HAY 


HAY  AND  STRAW  FOR  SALE 

at  all  times. 

J.  W.  Christman,  R.  4,  Fort  Plain,  N.Y. 


Registered  Chester  White  Yearling  Boars 

3  MONTH  OLD  GILTS, 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS  BLOOD  —  FOR  SALE. 

GUTTMANN,  Bridge  Farm,  Avon,  N.Y. 
Quality  Poland  China  Breeding  Stock. 

Hardy  Herd — See  it.  Now  offering.  Rugged  250  pound 
fall  gilts,  BRED  to  world's  Premier  boar  “Glamour 
Boy.”  Reserve  Junior  Champion,  Iowa  State  Fair,  1941, 
for  late  summer  and  early  fall  litters. 
GREENFIELD  FARMS,  TIFFIN.  OHIO. 


PIGS:  Poland  China  Pure  Bred  Service 
BOARS,  ETC.  HAMPSHIRE  RAMS. 
C.  W.  HILLMAN,  Vincentown,  N.  J. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


HONEY 


BUCKWHEAT:  5  lbs.,  $1.10; 
10  lbs.,  $2.00.  CLOVER,  5  lbs.. 

$1.25;  10  lbs.,  $2.15. 
Postage  prepaid  to  fourth  zone. 

W.  Botsford,  Horseheads,  N.  Y. 


HONEY 


POULTRY 


HONEY 


60  lbs.  best  clover 
$8.40  not  prepaid. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed 

F.  W.  Lesser,  Fayetteville,  N.  Y. 


POULTRY 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAM PSH  IRES. 
BARRED  ROCKS,  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  All  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
Folder  and  Prices. 

WILLIAM  S.  MAPES, 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS,  R.  I.  REDS,  NEW 
HAMPSH I  RES,  BARRED  CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


Farmers  and  Livestock  Breeders  Who  Advertise  on 
These  Pages  Reach  MoreThan  190,000Subscribers 

Write  your  advertisement  below  and  mail  to  American  Agriculturist,  Adver¬ 
tising  Department,  Savings  Bank  Building,  Ithaca,  New  York. 


Signed 


Address. 


EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

Hatching  Eggs  —  Started  Pullets 

James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  Trumans°bXurgA' n.  y. 


Walter  Rich’s 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRO 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 


BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  U.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
List  describing  our  Leghorns,  Reds,  and 
crossbreds. 

Eli  H.  Bodine,  Box  28,  Chemung,  N.  Y. 


9400 

LAYERS 


Rich  Poultry  Farms 

Leghorns  Progeny  Tested  Reds 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS. 

Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de¬ 
scribes  our  method  of  gi  owing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 


C.  &  G.  FARMS, 

Breeders  of  Progeny  Tested  R.  I.  Reds  (Parmentor) 
and  Red-Rock-Cross  Red  Pedigree  breeding  Cockerels 
250  to  340  egg  dams.  Breeding  counts. 

C.  &  G.  FARMS,  Ballston ^Lake,'  N.  Y. 


The  McGREGOR  FARM 


S.  C.  White  Leghorns  — 50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 
THE  McGREGOR  FARM.  Box  A,  MAINE.  N.  Y. 

CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 
ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS.  REDS,  ROCK-RED  CROSS, 
WHITE  ROCKS  — “They  Satisfy.” 

Pullorum  free,  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  details. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER,  Box  C.  GALLUPVILLE.  N.  Y. 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 

Choice  Village-Edge  Farm;  Eqpd, 

NEW  YORK.— Only  15  min.  to  a  city:  attractive  8 
rooms,  elec.,  water  in  kitchen:  lawn  with  flowers, 
shrubbery;  beautiful  views;  basement  barn,  2  brooder 
houses;  29  acres  cropland,  ll  acres  spring  pasture, 
fruit:  “buy”  at  $4400,  $1000  down,  team,  5  cattle,  hay, 
machinery  included;  pg.  25  big  Free  catalog  1384 
bargains  many  States. 

STROUT  REALTY 

255-R  4th  Ave.,  New  York  City 


USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT 

CAT}  CAir.  I  LIGHT  LUMBER  WAGON,  may 
rl4t\  ijrxLIj  .  be  driven  single  or  double,  $35. 
I  BERRY  CARRIAGE,  nearly  new,  may  be  used 

single  or  double,  $35:  also  used  to  break  horses. 

I  STEEL  BOX  — 9  ft.  long  —  45  in.  wide,  complete 
with  3  ft.  side  racks  and  double  deck  platform  for 
hauling  milk,  cost  $125,  will  sell  for  $30.  Will  fit 
any  ton  truck  from  120  in.  wheelbase  to  131  in.  wneei- 
base.  Will  deliver  any  of  above  items. 

R.  PAUL  CALHOUN, 

BROOKFIELD,  NEW  YORK 


HELP  WANTED 

WAWTm.  Farm  Manager  to  take  place  of  man- 
W AN  I LD .  ager-partner.  40  head  Reg.  Guernsey 
cattle,  22  milkers,  three  time  milking.  To  do  all  won 
connected  with  farm  operations.  No  other  help  emp  oy- 
ed.  Please  state  age,  experience,  references  and  saiau 
expected.  No  smoking  or  drinking.  u  v 

BELLEFAIRE  GUERNSEY  FARM,  Savannah.  N- 

FARMHAND:  SLrTotd  toSi$ 

man  interested  in  herd  improvement  and  crop  • 
velopment.  Draft  deferment  probable.  Best  ru  ■ 
Shower  and  toilet.  Every  second  Sunday  off.  »»«■ 
per  month  and  tip.  State  age.  height,  weight.  reiiJ  ■ 
education,  experience.  P.  O.  BOX  1032,  Trenton,  N. 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

This  classified  page  is  for  the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications: 
LIVESTOCK — Cattle,  Swine.  Sheep.  Horses,  Dogs,  Rabbits,  Goats,  Mink,  Ferrets;  FARM  PROD DCE — Field 
Seeds,  Hav  and  Straw.  Maple  Syrup,  Honey.  Pop  Corn,  Miscellaneous;  POULTRY — Breeding  Stock.  Hatching  Eggs: 
EMPLOYMENT— Help  Wanted,  Situation  Wanted'  FARM  REAL  ESTATE— Farms  for  Sale.  Farms  Wanted' 
DSED  FARM  EQUIPMENT— For  Sale,  Wanted. 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers’  classified  advertising  Tate|'sue  or 

advertising  space  units  are  offered  as  follows;  space  one  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  so.uu  P  ..iturist 
space  one-half  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.0U  per  issue.  Copv  must  be  received  at  A™1f.r”'a“ Voprtising  ac- 
Advertising  Dept..  Box  514,  Ithaca,  N.  Y..  11  days  before  publication  date.  No  Baby  Chick  adveren  j(  25; 
cepted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows:  Jan.  3.  17.  31:  Fe_b  l4.n  28g.  MaM'  %  2 %’i .  Dec.  5,  19- 
May  9,  23;  June  6,  20;  July  4,  18;  Aug.  I,  15.  29;  Sept.  12.  26;  Oct.  10.  24:  Nov.  7.  21.  uec. 


A ?  lerican  Agriculturist,  July  4,  1942 


15  (  393) 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


THE  LIVESTOCK  prices  you  are 
receiving  under  meat  price  ceilings 
are  getting  out  of  hand.  I  am  sorry 
to  say  that  they  are  defeating  the  very 
purpose  they  were  supposed  to  fulfill. 
Some  large  retail  and  wholesale  dis¬ 
tributors  are  endeavoring  to  lower  the 
ceiling  bases,  which  would  only  make 
bad  matters  worse.  Agriculture  must 
be  vigilant  or  that  is  exactly  what  will 
happen. 

Right  now,  just  two  classes  of  peo¬ 
ple  are  carrying  all  the  burden — name¬ 
ly  the  heavy  meat  eaters  (workers  in 
industry  and  on  farms)  and  the  man 
producing  or  feeding  really  good,  better 
bred  animals.  In  this  latter  case,  it  is 
tending  to  tear  down  improvement 
work  built  up  by  our  Departments  of 
Agriculture  and  Animal  Husbandry,  as 
well  as  the  work  of  all  good  livestock 
men.  In  the  case  of  the  heavy  meat  eat¬ 
ers,  it  is  placing  the  burden  where  it 
does  not  belong,  upon  the  very  people 
it  was  supposed  to  aid. 

This  is  how  it  is  functioning:  With 
a  good  bull  bringing  12c,  his  carcass 
meat  will  cost  around  23c;  yet  good 
steer  meat  is  costing  -around  22c.  Now, 
of  course,  you  are  wondering  why 
bulls  should  be  bringing  that  much,  and 
comparatively  good  steers  bringing  so 
little.  This  is  where  the  ceilings  come 
in.  Most  packei’s  have  a  ceiling  of 
around  23c  on  carcass  meat,  and  a  ceil¬ 
ing  of  28c  or  30c  on  sausage  or  trim¬ 
med  meat.  The  bull  meat  will  take  up 
20%  to  30%  of  water  as  ice  and  cereal 
in  a  sausage  or  bologna  form.  The  fat 
cow  meat  will  not  do  this,  although 
poor  cow  meat  will  approach  it,  and 
good  steer  meat  will  not  do  it.  So,  the 
steer  meat  is  not  profitable.  The  fancy 
steak  eater  gets  his  meat  compara¬ 
tively  cheap  and  the  producer  of  the 
good  cattle  loses  out,  while  the  poor 
man’s  meat  cost  has  jumped  up  and 
the  inferior  animal  is  bringing  more 
than  its  true  worth  as  compared  to  the 
good  animal.  The  same  situation  ap¬ 
plies  to  pork.  In  some  cases,  fresh 
ham  and  even  pork-loins  are  being 
boned  out,  cut  up,  and  sold  as  trim¬ 
mings  or  sausage  meat,  because  ceil¬ 
ings  are  lower  on  hams  than  on  saus¬ 
age  meat,  loaves,  etc. 

The  little  slaughterer  or  killer  can¬ 
not  exist  under  this  kind  of  a  set-up, 


UNADILLA 

SILOS 

Choice  of  Leading  Dairymen 
UNADILLA  SILO  CO.  UNADIUA,  N.  Y. 


Harder  silos 

War  program  demands  more 
milk.  Highest  prices  assur¬ 
ed.  Good  roughage  (Silage) 
essential  to  low  cost  pro¬ 
duction. 

Silos  are  scarce  — 
secure  yours  now. 

HARDER  SILO  COMPANY,  Inc. 

115  Grand  St.,  Cobleskill,  N.  Y. 


Or.  Naylor  9s 

UNITE  IHl 


A  thorough  treatment  for 
stubborn  conditions-Cow  Pox, 
Hoof  Rot,  Hoof  Lameness^ 
'hrush,  Bruises,  Calk  Wounds. 
‘Antiseptic*  Per  bottle  $1 .00. 

At  dealers  or  by  mail  postpaid. 


H  :  j  ut  uv  man  ifusiitam .  Py Wa 

•  w.  Naylor  Co.,  Morris, N.Y.  SS 


and  neither  can  the  livestock  industry. 
It  resolves  itself  again  into  a  lack  of 
understanding  of  livestock  grades.  If 
we  must  have  something  of  this  sort, 
perhaps  the  answer  is  to  place  a  ceil¬ 
ing  on  the  price  the  consumer  can  pay. 
Then,  if  he  could  not  pay  over  40c  a 
pound  for  pork  chops,  for  example,  he 
would  insist  on  the  best  at  this  price, 
and  automatically  poorer  grades  would 
sell  for  less.  Then  the  retailer  and 
wholesaler  alike  would  have  to  meet 
competition  on  the  grade  price  basis 
as  always. 

*  *  * 

Talk  about  moving  or  selling  of  live¬ 
stock  by  “permit  only”  is  beginning 
to  come  out  of  Washington  again.  It 
has  been  our  experience  that  things 
talked  of  become  realities  after  about 
so  much  time  and  publicity.  This 
means  that  in  order  to  sell  a  cow,  you 
would  have  to  get  a  permit,  which  will 
tell  you  by  whom,  how,  and  just  where 
it  could  be  moved.  Railroads  cannot 
handle  all  of  the  livestock  going  to 
market.  Without  rubber,  it  cannot  be 
moved  indiscriminately,  but  this  does 
leave  a  few  in  position  to  get  full  loads 
going  to  and  from  markets.  Getting 
together  in  “home  communities”  behind 
just  a  few  “truckers”  looks  to  be  the 
only  eventual  way  of  keeping  your 
market  outlets  open.  There  is  another 
reason  advanced  for  livestock  permits. 
It  is  feared  more  hogs  will  be  market¬ 
ed  this  late  fall  or  winter  than  there 
are  packing,  rendering,  and  storage 
facilities  to  handle.  Thus,  to  avoid 
gluts,  hold-overs,  etc.,  it  will  be  neces¬ 
sary  to  regulate  the  movement  from 
the  farm.  This  all  may  or  may  not  be 
so,  but  it  is  in  the  picture  anyway. 

With  comparatively  high  costing 
livestock  replacements  and  with  an 
abundance  of  feed  this  year,  the  tend¬ 
ency  is  going  to  be  to  keep  old  animals 
around.  Don’t  do  it.  You  cannot  af¬ 
ford  to  go  into  the  post-war  period  with 
these  old  animals,  and  you  apparently 
have  at  least  a  year  to  get  young  ani¬ 
mals  into  production  or  at  least  growth. 
With  this  in  mind,  good  young  animals 
of  any  species,  are  not  too  high  right 
now. 


frttdeA. 


Clients 


Cattle  Sales 


Aug.  I  Burnsids  invitational  Ayrshire  Sale,  Burn- 
side  Farm,  R.  R.  Ness  &  Sons,  Howick, 
ttsabec. 

Aug.  5  Finger  Lakes  Ayrshire  Club  Sale,  Cortland, 
New  York. 

Aug.  12  4th  Annual  Consignment  Sale,  Lancaster 

County  Ayrshire  Breeders'  Ass’n.,  Lan¬ 
caster,  Pa. 

Sept.  10  Clinton- Essex  Ayrshire  Sale,  Plattsburg, 
N.  Y. 

Sept.  30  Harry  Staley  Dispersal  of  Ayrshire  Cows 

and  Bred  Heifers,  Walkerville,  Md. 

Sept.  30  llth  Maryland  Fall  .  Holstein  Sale,  Mc- 

Donogh  School,  McDonogh,  Md. 

Oct.  3  New  York  Federation  Ayrshire  Production 
Sale,  Cobleskill. 

Oct.  6  Vermont  Ayrshire  Club  Sale,  Brandon. 

Oct.  9  Eastern  Guernsey  Sale,  Doyiestown,  Pa. 

Oct.  10  New  Jersey  State  Guernsey  Sale,  Trenton, 

N.  J. 

Oct.  22  Annual  Fall  Holstein  Sale,  New  England 
Holstein- Friesian  Association,  Northampton, 
Mass. 

Oct.  28  Allegany-Steuben  Ayrshire  Club  Auction 

Sale,  Hornell,  N.  Y. 

Oct.  31  Horst- Williams  Ayrshire  Sale,  Jacob  Horst 
Farm,  Route  3,  Lititz,  Pa. 

Coming  Events 

July  4-18  Summer  Institute  for  Social  Progress, 
Wellesley.  Mass. 

July  21-24  International  Baby  Chick  Ass’n.  Conven¬ 
tion,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

July  26-28  American  Poultry  Ass’n.  Convention,  Pitts¬ 
burgh,  Pa. 

July  28  Adirondack  Ayrshire  Club  Picnic  and  Field 
Day. 

Aug.  7  Western  Maryland  Ayrshire  Field  Day, 
Sigler’s  Grove,  Middletown. 

Aug.  15  Summer  Meeting  Vermont  Jersey  Cattle 
Club  at  Oakridge  Farm,  owned  by  Otis  A. 
Kenyon,  Windsor. 

Aug.  20  State  Jersey  Cattle  Club  Summer  Meeting 
and  Bull  Distribution,  The  Rocks,  Little¬ 
ton,  New  Hampshire. 

Aug.  21-22  Classification  Sibley  Farms  ’  Jersey  Herd, 
Aug.  21  :  State  Club  Meeting  and  Bull 
Distribution,  Aug.  22,  Spencer,  Mass. 

Aug.  26-28  1942  Poultry  Industries  Exposition  of 

Northeastern  Poultry  Producers  Council, 
Hotel  New  Yorker,  New  York  City. 

Aug.  31-  Cortland  County  Fair  and  New  York  State 

Sept.  7  Junior  Fair,  Cortland,  N.  Y. 

Sept.  7- 10  Annual  Northeastern  Egg  Grading  and  Mar¬ 
keting  School,  University  of  Connecticut, 
Storrs. 

Sept. 20-26  Eastern  States  Exposition,  Springfield.  Mass. 

Nov.  11-19  National  Grange,  Spokane,  Washington. 


Power  ?  Sure  !  But  we  are  not 
interested  in  covering  the 
World  with, 


While  it  is  true  that  we  are  heard  in  all  48  States, 
the  provinces  of  Canada,  Alaska,  Hawaii,  Aus¬ 
tralia,  Mexico  and  other  far-away  lands,  we  are 
vitally  interested  in  doing  a  “good  job”  in  the  43 
counties  in  New  \  ork  and  Pennsylvania  served 
by  our  clear  channel  system  of  broadcasting. 
Thru  our  50,000  watt  transmitter,  WHAM  hopes 
you  are  receiving,  without  interference,  the 
musical,  variety,  and  news  programs  being 
broadcast  for  your  pleasures. 

WHAM 

t 

1 180  on  Your  Dial  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


FFSTFEi/EF  for 
tameness  A  due  to 


SHOULDER  GALL^< 
SWOLLEN  MUSCLES 
BRUISES 
STRAINS 


For  over  50  years  many  leading  veterinaries 
have  used  Absorbine  to  relieve  these  injuries. 
If  you  will  rub  Absorbine  on  as  soon  as  injury 
is  noticed,  it  often  brings  relief  in  a  few  hoursl 
Absorbine  is  not  a  “cure-all”  but  a  proven  help 
for  fresh  bog  spavin,  windgall,  curb  and  simi¬ 
lar  congestive  troubles. 

Always  keep  Absorbine  in  the  stable  to 
avoid  Inany  an  expensive  lay-up.  Won’t 
blister  or  remove  hair.  $2.50  at  all  druggists. 
W.  F.  Young,  Inc.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


ABSORBINE 


PLANTS 


ALL  LEADING 
VARIETIES 


100 

500 

1000 

postage  postage  postage 

1000 

prepaid  prepaid  prepaid  F.O.B 

.-$0.65 

$1.60 

$2.20 

$1.35 

-  .75 

2.25 

3.75 

3.00 

2.25 

3.50 

2.50 

..  .70 

2.25 

3.50 

2.50 

-  .65 

1.60 

2.20 

1.35 

-  .70 

1.85 

3.00 

2.25 

Cabbage  _ $0.65 

Pepper  _  .75 

Brussel  Sprout _ _  .70 

Broccoli  _ .70 

Collard  _  .65 

Tomato  _  .70 

We  guarantee  good  delivery. 

Send  for  Free  Catalog  of  Seeds  and  Plants. 

0R0L  LEDDEN  &  SONS,  SEWELL,  N.  J. 

LARGEST  GROWERS  AND  SHIPPERS  OF 
VEGETABLE  PLANTS  IN  NEW  JERSEY 


SWINE 


RIGS  FOR  SALE  ! 

We  are  prepared  to  fill  orders  for  pigs,  CHESTER  AND 
YORKSHIRE  CROSSED,  or  BERKSHIRE  &  CHES¬ 
TER  CROSSED  —  5  weeks  old  $6.75;  6  to  7  weeks 
old,  $7;  8  to  9  weeks  old,  $7.50.  Limited  number  of  10 
weeks  extra  sized  pigs  at  $8  ea.  CHESTER  WHITES, 
7  to  8  wks.  old,  $7.50.  Will  ship  2  or  more  C.G.D. 

A  M  LUX  FARM  206  WASHINGTON  st.. 
zv.  m.  gua  rniuu,  WOBURN,  mass. 

When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


LARGE  STOCK  n®w— used  tractor  parts  for  sale 

Cataiog  free  °heaP-  °rder  b“ 

IRVING’S  TRACTOR  LUG  CO.,  Galesburg,  III, 

Bernard  H.  Reed,  R.  2,  Newport,  N.  Hamp. 


CATTLE 


145th  EARLVILLE  SALE 

100  HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

SALE  PAVILION,  EARLVILLE,  MADISON  CO.,  N.Y. 

Thursday,  JULY  16,  at  10  a.  m. 

CERTmEO  «TNSUTMBErVACciNSrEDBAFSg 

BANGS. 

65  fresh  and  close  springers 
20  cows  and  heifers  due  in  the  fall 
15  bulls,  from  high  record  dams 

BUY  AT  THIS  LONG  ESTABLISHED,  REPUTABLE 
MARKET  PLACE. 

Write  for  details  about  how  to  bid  without  being 
present  at  the  sale.  Ask  for  catalog. 

R-  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 

Sales  Manager,  Mexico,  N.  Y. 

ORANGE  COUNTY  DISPERSAL  SALE 
SATURDAY,  JULY  11 
J.  W.  BOARDMAN  MILLIGAN  HERD 

60  Registered  HOLSTEIN  Cattle 

sT»DTHwE,sFH,iss,T0rLrEv  »be;weocj  sj&mif 
T.B.  ACCREDITED  AND  VACCINATED,  MASTITIS 
CHARTS  WITH  MILKING  ANIMALS. 

HERD  INCLUDES  13  COWS  ABOVE  500  LB  OF 
FAT,  NEARLY  ALL  RAISED  ON  THE  FARM. 
THE  CARNATION  HERD  SIRE  WHOSE  10  NEAREST 
DAMS  AVERAGE  986  LB.  OF  FAT  AND  27,052  LB 
OF  MILK  ALSO  SELLS. 

THIS  IS  AN  OUTSTANDING  HERD. 

Send  for  catalog  and  details,  to 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 

Sales  Manager  &  Auctioneer, 
MEXICO,  NEW  YORK 

DISPERSAL  Thursday,  July  9  at  10  a.  m. 

C.  C.  BENNETT  ESTATE  HERD 
IN  A  TENT,  AT  THE  FARM  I  MILE  NORTH  OF 
HOMER,  CORTLAND  CO.,  N.  Y.,  ON  ROUTE  II. 

41  REGISTERED  HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

16  daughters  of  the  noted  Cornell  Royal  Blend 
10  daughters  of  Cornell  Pride  28th 
Herd  carried  in  Advanced  Registry  for  many  years 
and  founded  33  years  ago. 

T.B.  Accredited  and  blood  tested.  20  heifers  negative 
from  vaccination.  Send  for  catalog. 

Sales  Manager, 
MEXICO,  NEW  YORK 


R.  Austin  Backus, 


(394)  16 


A]  lerican  Agriculturist,  July  4,  1942 


Morale  is  good  at  the  poultry  farm  of  the  Strickland  boys  in  Rapids  Road,  Akron, 
Erie  County,  New  York,  as  seen  by  these  White  Leghorns  which  are  eating  and  lay¬ 
ing  for  Victory.  The  brothers,  Romyne  F.  D.  and  Calvin  R.  Strickland,  are  Future 
Farmers  attending  Akron  High  School.  They  raise  pedigreed  Leghorns  and  supply 
hatching  eggs  for  a  big  Buffalo  commercial  hatchery. 


PICTURE  STILE  BRIGHT 


felf,  fj,  Q.  eJluttoSL 


EGG  PRODUCTION  is  heavy,  chick 
hatching  is  heavy,  storage  holdings 
are  heavy,  and  government  egg  buying 
is  heavy.  The  only  other  things  worth 
mentioning  are  that  the  selling  off  of 
hens  from  farms  is  light  and  that  civil¬ 
ian  egg  consumption  is  about  normal. 
This  is  the  nresent  egg  picture. 

Ordinarily  when 
the  first  three  are 
heavy,  we  would 
all  feel  that  a  bad 
storm  was  coming 
our  way.  Now  the 
fourth  offsets  the 
first  three  and  the 
horizon  continues 
to  be  free  of  dark 
clouds. 

Production 
Hens  have  really 
responded  to  their 
Uncle  Sammy’s 
call  to  give  out. 
Not  only  are  there 
more  of  them  to 
give,  but  each  one 
has  apparently  become  a  more  gener¬ 
ous  giver.  This  is  likely  to  continue 
because  the  big  increase  is  coming 
from  the  Midwest.  The  egg-feed  price 
ratio  there  is  probably  the  most  favor¬ 
able  and  production  there  has  more 
room  to  go  up  than  in  the  commercial 
egg  producing  sections.  Midwest  farm 
flocks  are  always  fed  and  managed 
much  better  when  eggs  are  making  a 
profit  than  when  they’re  not. 

Looking  over  theN  figures  on  total 
eggs  handled  by  212  packing  plants 
in  the  Midwest,  we  find  an  increase  of 


UNADILLA 

SILOS 

Choice  of  Leading  Dairymen 
UNADILLA  SILO  CO.  UNADILLA,  N.  Y. 


PROTECT  CHICKS  FOR  LIFE 


POX 


,  Against  TRACHEITIS  &  FOWL 

with  Wene  U.S.  Licensed  Vaccines. 

Cost  is  less  than  one  egg  per  bird.  No 
physical  setback.  Information  free. 

Wene  Poultry  Laboratories,  Dept. V~G4> Vineland,  N.  J 


FREE  BOOK  ON 

POULTRY  DISEASES 


SQUABS 


war  s-q-u-a-b-s  wanted 

Raised  in  25  days,  top  poultry  prices.  Why  breed  for 
small  profit  trade?  City  marketmen  want  all  you  can 
ship.  Free  book  has  detailed  accounts  by  know-how 
breeders.  Write  today  for  it  and  our  low 
prices  for  easily-raised  war-time  food. 

RICE  FARM,  206  How.  St.,  Melrose.  Mass. 


DUCKLINGS 

Hii.l/linnc  .  White  Runners,  $15 — 100.  HARRY 
UUCKIingS.  BURNHAM,  North  Collins.  N.  Y. 

Say  you  saw  It  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 


80%  over  last  year  for  the  first  five 
months.  Comparing  this  with  the  two 
commercial  poultry  sections  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  and  the  Northeast,  we 
find  only  a-  .21  %  increase  out  there  and 
35%  up  here. 

Culling  of  hens  from  the  farms  of 
the  Midwest  also  continues  lighter  than 
last  year.  For  the  first  five  months  of 
1942,  only  90%  of  the  number  of  fowls 
was  sold  as  in  the  same  months  of  1941. 

The  big  purchases  for  Lend-Lease 
shipment  are  made  in  the  Midwest, 
where  the  drying  plants  are  thicker. 

Hatching 

Up  to  May  1,  the  total  commercial 
hatch  was  19%  heavier  than  1941.  The 
biggest  increase  came  from  the  Mid¬ 
western  grain  belt. 

Storage 

The  U.  S.  storage  report  for  June  1 
shows  1,600,000  more  cases  of  shell 
eggs  in  the  warehouses  than  on  the 
same  date  last  year.  The  surplus  over 
the  past  five  years’  average,  June  1 
figure,  was  1,000,000  cases.  The  per 
cent  increase  is  30%  over  last  year  and 
17  %  over  the  5  year  average. 

Even  a  greater  increase  is  shown  for 
frozen  eggs.  Calculating  the  number  of 
shell  eggs  that  had  to  be  broken  to 
give  the  frozen  egg  storage  and  add-  I 
ing  this  to  the  eggs  stored  in  the  shell,  j 
we  find  the  surplus  amounting  to  3,- 
700,000  cases  or  40%  over  last  year 
and  3,500,000  cases  or  37%  over  the 
five  year  average.  These  are  the  figures 
that  count. 

Government  Buying 

In  the  last  13  months,  the  U.  S.  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture  has  bought 
over  18  million  cases  of  eggs  for  ship¬ 
ment  to  our  Allies.  This  probably  rep¬ 
resents  15j%  of  our  total  egg  produc¬ 
tion.  There  is  no  reason  to  believe 
other  than  that  this  will  continue 
throughout  1942. 

If  I  have  all  my  figures  straight,  the 
government  is  paying  about  32%  cents 
a  dozen  for  eggs  delivered  in  dried 
form  in  the  month  of  June.  This  means 
around  30  cents  a  dozen  can  be  paid 
by  the  driers  for  large  eggs.  The  eggs 
that  are  now  being  dried  are  of  aver¬ 
age  quality  and  the  government’s  an¬ 
nounced  paying  price  advances  about 
one  cent  a  dozen  each  month  of  this 
year. 

Fresh  eggs  will  be  used  for  drying 
for  another  two  months  or  so.  Then  the 
switch  to  storage  eggs  will  begin,  be¬ 
cause  of  advancing  fresh  egg  prices. 

Civilian  Consumption 

People  have  more  money  to  spend, 
so  that  even  though  egg  prices  are 
well  above  last  year,  they  continue  to 
buy  eggs  as  fast  and  at  times  even  a 
little  faster  this  year.  Government 
stressing  of  the  high  nutritional  value 


of  eggs  and  the  work  of  the  Poultry  and 
Egg  National  Board  are  probably  re¬ 
sponsible  for  this  favorable  situation. 

Summing  up,  I  am  more  optimistic 
about  the  egg  picture  than  I  have  been 
in  six  months.  I  was  afraid  of  some 
overproduction  in  spite  of  the  heavy 
war  needs. 

The  hatch  didn’t  turn  out  as  tre¬ 
mendous  as  I  feared  it  might  and  the 
government  has  stood  ready  to  take 
just  about  all  the  eggs  that  were  avail¬ 
able  at  its  price.  This  price  has  been 
generally  good  for  the  producer. 

I  hope  the  storage  situation  improves 
soon,  as  this  part  of  the  picture  still 
bothers  me  a  little. 

Egg  Cases 

There’s  no  use  kidding  ourselves. 
Second-hand  egg  cases  will  continue 
to  be  scarce  for  the  duration. 

Here  in  the  Northeast,  we  depend  on 
egg  shipments  from  the  Midwest,  the 
Southwest,  and  the  Pacific  Coast  to 
keep  our  egg  case  supply  replenished. 
Between  egg  drying  in  the  Midwest 


and  food  for  our  Pacific  troops,  quite  a 
chunk  out  of  the  production  from  these 
areas  is  not  coming  East. 

Army  camps  are  big  egg  consumers. 
It’s  hard  to  get  an  army  which  is  on 
maneuvers  and  eating  out  of  field  kitch¬ 
ens  to  save  its  egg  cases.  This  has  been 
a  big  leak  in  egg  case  supplies.  The 
condition  here  is  improving  but  I  don't 
see  any  chance  of  this  leak  being  com¬ 
pletely  plugged. 

This  is  still  the  storing  season,  which 
temporarily  takes  a  lot  of  cases  out  of 
circulation  right  when  production  is 
highest  and  the  most  cases  are  needed. 
This  particular  situation  will  reverse 
itself  about  August  1,  so  that  there 
will  be  a  slight  let-up  in  egg  cases 
after  that  time. 

On  the  whole  though,  you  can  see 
why  egg  cases  are  scarce  and  will  re¬ 
main  so  for  the  duration. 

New  wood  and  corrugated  paste¬ 
board  cases  are  coming  into  the  North¬ 
east.  They’ll  have  to  be  used  to  fill  out 
the  used  case  shortage  for  the  time 
being. 


HALLS 

CHICK* 


We  SELECT 
Our  Egg  Sources 


■SEND  FOR  THff 

O 

We  have  selected 
(by  test)  the  best 

_  egg-laying  strains  in  New  r- 

England  to  insure  our  customers  of  healthy,  O 
profit -producing  chicks.  We  work  with  our 
flock  owners  in  extensive  breeding  and  feed  z 
ing  programs.  We  know  what  goes  into  q 
every  egg  and  "'.hat  comes  out  of  it.  ^ 

AID  Uncle  Sam  s  ALU  OUT  FOR  \  It-  ^ 
TORY”  program  of  poultry  pro-- 
duction  and  —  make  it  FItOFIT' 

ABLE  with  HALL’S  Quality 
CHICKS.  All  chicks  from  Pul- 
lorum  Free  Stock,  shipped  pre¬ 
paid  and  Guar.  100%  Live  Delivery. 

HALL  BROTHERS  HATCHERY. 

INC.,  Box  59,  Wallingford.  Conn. 


yYELL  BRED  from  WELL  BREEDERS 


WHITC'feOCK 

I  1 10. 


BABY  if  A  PEA 

I  CHICKS.. .Till*  fOO 

EGGS  FOR  U  per 
_  HATCHING ....  O  •  fOO 

Special  Price  on  LARGE  ORDERS 

H  All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100% 

■  State  Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube  Agglut.  TOL- 
MAN’S  CHICKS  famous  for  BAP1D  GROWTH. 
EARLY  MATURITY.  Profitable  EGG  YIELD. 
_  Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters  or 
I  market  eggs.  Send  for  FREE  Circular. 

*  SPECIALIZE  ONE  BREED.  ONE 
GRADE  at  ONE  PRICE. 

Dept.  B. 

ROCKLAND 

MASS. 


TOLMAH 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


Hatches  Mon.-Tues. -Wed. -Thurs  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  V/JP®  m 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns - $8.00  $4.00 

Black  or  White  Minorcas -  8.00  4.00 

B.  &W.  Box,  R.  I.  Beds,  W.  Wy.  8.00  2.00 

Bed-Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross—  8.00  12.00 

Jersey  White  Giants - 10.00  2.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAA  SUPJ-12.00  16.00 

H  Mix  $7;  HEAVY  BROILER  CHIX,  no  sex 
$6.75;  STARTED  LEG.  PLTS.,  3 


Pullets  Cockerels 
per  100  per  100 
$2.50 
3.00 
7.00 
7.00 
9.00 
7.00 
guar., 
Breed- 


to  6  wks.  old. 

ers  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D.,  100%  live  del.  Postage 
Paid.  AMERICAN  SEXORS  ONLY.  95%  Accuracy. 

c.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


JUNIATA 

LEGHORNS 


ur  28th  year  of  breeding  for  larger  and  better 
EGHORNS.  Our  Breeders  are  Large  Birds.  Blood 
ested  and  perfectly  healthy.  Write  for  our  large  cir- 
ilar  showing  actual  photos  of  our  Farm  and  Stock, 
r  IS  FREE.  Day-old  Chicks  and  Pullets  can  be 

irnisbed  on  short  notice.  „ 

Unsexed— 100  Pullets— 100 

jecial  Hollywood  Matings  $8.50  $16.00 

arge  Tom  Barron  Matings  9.00  l/.uu 

JUNIATA  POULTRY  FARM 
nv  a  _  RICHFIELD,  PA. 


L9  years  breeding — more  big  eggs,  good  meat,  more 
profits.  15,000  breeders  N.  H.-U.  S.  Approved  Pullor- 
im  Clean.  New  Hampshires  or  Crossbred  Chicks.  Write 

Moul’s  Brentwood  Poultry  Farm,  Box  A,  Exeter,  N.  H. 


KERR 

CHICKS 

LIVE 


p . n-rirr  i  j 

34  veg 

f»lr  deal  in, 
*afisfac 
patches  we 

Write  for  p" 

2M lIC,KERlE 

/ *  Railroad  A 

Frenchtown,  N. 


Wm.  H.  Reasoner,  R.  I,  Rosiere,  N.  Y. 


REDUCED  SUMMER  PRICES 

WENE  AT  CHICKS 


Leading  pure  or  crossbreeds.  Sexed.  U.  S.  N.  .1.  Approved.  Blood- 
tested.  Hatches  weekly  year  around.  Literature  FREE. 

WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  Box  G-4  VINELAND,  N.  J. 


SHIRK’S  QUALITY  CHICKS 


From  Blood  Tested  Breeders.  Electric  Hatched. 
PULLETS  GUARANTEED  95%  Unsex.  Pul'ts  Ckls. 
Will  Ship  Cash  or  C.O.D.  100  100  100 

Large  Type  White  Leghorns - $8.00  $16.00  $3.00 

Bar.  and  Wh.  Rocks.  R.  I.  Reds _  9.00  12.00  8.00 

Red-Rock  &  Rock-Red  Cross _ 10.00  12.00  9.00 

New  Hampshire  Reds  (Direct) _ 12.00  1  7.00  8.00 

Heavy  Mixed  -  8.00  10.00  7.00 


We  specialize  in  one  grade  and  one  price  as  all  our 
breeders  are  bred  up  to  one  duality-,— nut  standing  size 
and  egg  production.  Order  direct  from  ad  or  write  for 
FREE  Catalog  giving  full  information  of  our  breeders 
and  hatchery.  All  chicks  shipped  prepaid.  Guar.  100% 
live  delivery.  Hatches  Tuesdays  and  Thursdays. 
SHIRK’S  HATCHERY, 

H.  C.  Shirk,  Prop.,  Box  AA,  Route  2,  McAlisterville.  Pa. 


CHERRY  HILL  CHICKS 


Twenty -Five  years  of  Breeding  and  Hatching  Experi¬ 
ence.  Assures  you  t lie  highest  duality.  Tested  for  B.W.D. 
Postage  Paid.  Catalog  FREE.  Live  Delivery. 

Pullets  Guar.  95%  Accurate.  Per  100  100  100 

BIG  R.O.P.  SIRED  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS  . __$7.50  $14.00  $2.00 

White  or  Barred  Rocks _  8.00  11.00  7.00 

New  Hamps.  or  S.  C.  R.  I.  Reds  9.00  13.00  6.00 

Less  than  100  add  lc  tier  chick.  Also  Started  Chicks. 

CHERRY  HILL  POULTRY  FARM. 

Wm.  Nace,  (Prop.)  Box  A,  MCALISTERVILLE.  PA. 


ULSH  FARMS  CHICKS 

All  Breeders  carefully  culled  and  Bloodtested.  Order 
direct.  Satisfaction  and  safe  arrival  Guar.  Cat.  Free. 
Shipments  Mon.  &  Thurs.  —  Unsexed,  Pullets,  Cock'ls 
Postage  Paid.  Will  Ship  C.O.D.  per  100  per  100  per  100 
Large  White  or  Brown  Leghorns_$8.00  $14.00  $3.00 

Black  Leghorns  or  Anconas _  8.50  15.00  4.00 

Barred,-  White  &  Buff  Rocks _  8.50  12.00  8.00 

R.  I.  Reds— New  Hampshires _  8.50  12.50  7.50 

Red-Rocks  or  Rock-Red  Cross _  8.50  12.00  8.00 

Heavy  or  light  Assorted _  6.00  12.00  5.00 

IMMEDIATE  DEL.  Sexing  95%.  Our  21st  year. 
ULSH  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A,  Port  Trevorton,  Pa. 


NACE’S  QUALITY  CHICKS 


We  pay  postage.  Safe  delivery  guaranteed. 
HANSON  OR  ENGLISH  LARGE  100  100  100 

TYPE  WHITE  LEGHORNS  Unsexed  Pits.  Ckls 

R. O.P.  SIRED  _ $7.00  $14.00  $2.00 

S.  C.  Everpay  Br.  Leghorns _  7.00  14.00  2.00 

Bar.  and  White  Rocks _  8.00  12.00  7.00 

N.  H.  and  R.  I.  Reds _  8.00  12.00  6.00 

Heavy  Mixed  _ - _  6.50  10.00  16.00 

From  Free  range  Flocks.  Sexed  Pullets  Guar.  95% 
accurate.  Order  from  ad  or  write  for  Catalog. 

J.  N.  NACE  POULTRY  FARM  &  HATCHERY, 
Box  A.  RICHFIELD,  PENNSYLVANIA. 


CLEAR  SPRING  CHICKS 


95%  Guar.  Pullets  Str.  Pult’s  Ckls. 

100%  live  del.  100  100  100 

Our  Famous  Hanson  Leghorns - $9.00  $16.00  $2.00 

Large  Type  English  Leghorns _  8.00  15.00  2.00 

Red-Faced  Black  Spanish  Minorcas  9.00  16.00  2.00 

Wh.  &  Bar.  Rocks,  R.  I.  Reds _  9.00  12.00  8-00 

N.  H.  Reds  &  Red-Rock  Cross _ 10.00  13.00  8.00 

Heavy  Mixed - 7.00  64™ 

All  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Postpaid.  1942  Catalog  FREE. 

CLEAR  SPRING  HATCHERY, 

F.  B.  LEISTER,  Owner,  Box  51,  McAlisterville.  Pa. 


DAY  OLD  AND  STARTED  CHICKS.  Bloodtested 
Breeders.  Write  for  our  1942  prices.  Prompt  shipment. 

ROSELAWN  CHICK  FARM,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


Ai  aeriean  Agriculturist,  July  4,  1942 


IT  (395) 


GtEnninGx 

Charles  M.  Gardner 


Editor  of  the  National  Grange 
Monthly  and  High  Priest  of  De¬ 
meter  of  the  National  Grange. 


FROM  COAST  to  COAST  Granges 
of  the  nation  are  carrying  on  war 
projects  to  an  amazing  extent  and 
thousands  of  Patrons  are  mobilized  in 
behalf  of  local  undertakings,  both  in 
conjunction  with  other  organizations, 
or  in  many  instances  providing  actual 
leadership  for  their  localities.  First 
aid  quarters  have  been  established;  col¬ 
lection  of  metal,  rubber,  etc.,  has  been 
given  a  great  boost;  and  the  Juvenile 
youngsters  have  also  entered  heartily 
into  the  Grange  program  to  help  win 
the  war.  *  *  * 

MASTER  W.  J.  RICH  has  recently 
presided  at  the  dedication  of  three 
new  Grange  halls  in  New  York.  These 
Granges  were  Little  Britain  in  Orange 
County,  Morrisville  in  Madison  Coun¬ 
ty,  and  Helderberg  in  Albany  County. 
The  Little  Britain  occasion  was  par¬ 
ticularly  significant,  because  of  the 
fact  tfiat  this  is  the  home  Grange  of 
Rev.  J.  Scott  King,  who  holds  a  record 
both  as  long-time  lecturer  of  Orange 
County  Pomona  and  for  one  of  the 
longest  continuous  pastorates  of  any 
clergyman  in  the  Empire  State. 

¥  ¥ 

MAINE  PATRONS  are  saddened  by 
the  death  of  one  of  the  best  known 
Grange  women  in  the  Pine  Tree  State, 
Mrs.  Mary  L.  Abbott,  widow  of  John  E. 
Abbott,  who  served  the  Maine  State 
Grange  as  its  Master  for  six  years, 
during  which  period  Mrs.  Abbott  was 
State  Flora.  She  was  70  years  old,  a 
lifetime  resident  of  North  Berwick,  and 
her  death  followed  that  of  her  husband 
by  less  than  two  years.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Abbott  were  very  popular  in  their  lead¬ 
ership  of  Maine  Grange  affairs  and 
during  their  terms  of  office  both  travel¬ 
ed  widely  through  all  parts  of  the  state. 
¥  ¥  ¥ 

IN  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  one  of  the  re¬ 
quired  subjects  for  discussion  among 
Granges,  and  on  which  they  are  offi¬ 
cially  scored,  is  “What  are  some  of  the 
values  in  a  democratic  way  of  life 
worth  defending?’’  In  assigning  parts 
for  such  discussion  many  Granges  use 
their  young  people,  thus  inducing  the 
latter  to  make  a  study  of  American 
democracy  in  order  to  select  some  of 
its  fundamental  features. 

¥  ¥  ¥ 

CONNECTICUT’S  largest  subordinate 
is  Meriden  Grange,  and  it  usually 
does  things  in  a  big  way.  So  far  its 
purchases  of  war  bonds  have  totaled 
$2100,  including  the  last  vote  for  a 
purchase  of  $1,000  worth.  Meriden 
Grange  owns  one  of  the  finest  halls  in 
New  England,  with  remarkably  com¬ 
plete  equipment  For  years  it  has 
taken  a  prominent  part  in  civic- 
projects  of  beneficial  character. 

*  *  * 

MASSACHUSETTS  State  Grange  has 
lost  one  of  its  most  efficient  workers 
-n  the  sudden  death,  at  his  home  in 
Leverett,  of  Deputy  Mellen  H.  Briggs, 
who  was  also  a  selectman  of  his  town 


A  load  of  scrap  on  the  way  to  the  junk  dealer.  It  is  estimated  that  U.  S.  farms 
have  over  1,500,000  tons  of  scrap  metal  needed  for  Uncle  Sam’s  war  machines.  This 
load  is  being  handled  by  a  MASSEY-HARRIS  tractor. 


and  identified  in  the  leadership  of  many 
church  and  civic  projects.  Mr.  Briggs 
was  a  past  master  of  his  home  Grange 
at  Leverett,  likewise  of  Hampshire 
County  Pomona.  He  had  a  very  wide 
circle  of  friends  in  western  Massachu¬ 
setts. 

*  *  * 

NORTH  AUBURN  GRANGE  in  Maine 
is  soon  to  have  a  completely  equip¬ 
ped  recreation  room  in  the  basement  of 
its  attractive  hall.  This  is  made  pos¬ 
sible  by  a  bequest  in  the  will  of  Harvey 
Dillingham,  late  of  that  Grange.  It 
was  one  of  several  public  bequests  by 
Mr.  Dillingham;  including  a  brick 
colonial  house  and  70  acres  of  land  to 
the  Little  Wanderers’  Home.  Mr.  Dil¬ 
lingham  was  widely  known  in  agricul¬ 
tural  circles.  For  a  time  he  was  a 
member  of  the  city  council  in  Auburn. 
He  had  filled  many  offices  in  North 
Auburn  Grange,  to  whose  welfare  he 
was  intensely  devoted. 

*  £  * 

MANCHESTER  GRANGE  of  Manches¬ 
ter,  Connecticut,  took  part  in  a  re¬ 
cent  parade  held  in  that  community. 
It  won  continuous  applause  during  the 
entire  parade  route.  The  float  depict¬ 
ed  a  New  England  farm  scene  and  was 
carried  out  in  true-to-life  fashion,  re¬ 
minding  many  of  the  spectators  of 
their  youth.  Manchester  Grange  also 
netted  a  substantial  sum  from  an  ex¬ 
tensively  planned  rummage  sale,  and 
the  entire  proceeds  were  turned  over  to 
the  commanding  officer  of  the  military 
unit  stationed  at  Manchester,  for  the 
purchase  of  athletic  equipment. 

|  Today  in  § 

|  Aunt  Janet's  Carden  £ 

THOSE  painted  daisies  which  I  mov¬ 
ed  at  this  time  last  year  and  had 
to  water  faithfully  all  summer  gave  a 
fine  show  this  year.  My  first  stock 
was  grown  from  English  seed,  con¬ 
taining  several  doubles  and  semi¬ 
doubles  and  more  singles.  From  time 
to  time  I  have  bought  plants,  since  that 
is  the  only  way  to  be  absolutely  sure 
of  getting  any  given  color.  A  particu¬ 
larly  attractive  one  is  Huntington’s 
Scarlet,  a  fine,  bright  red  single  of  vig¬ 
orous  growth.  Most  of  the  flower  cata¬ 
logs  list  some  named  varieties.  There 
is  no  longer  any  reason  for  one  to  be 
satisfied  with  pale,  washed-out  colors  in 
this  flower  which  can  be  so  beautiful. 

There  are  many  garden  chores  cry¬ 
ing  to  be  done  just  now,  pruning  wis¬ 
teria,  pinching  back  dahlias  and  chrys¬ 
anthemums  and  digging  bulbs.  It  is 
not  necessary  to  dig  bulbs  every  year 
unless  it  be  the  tulips.  Yet  many  gar¬ 
deners  prefer  to  leave  them  where  they 
are  and  plant  over  them  shallow-root¬ 
ing  annuals.  If  the  bulbs  are  lifted 
they  should  be  spread  in  well-ventilated 
trays  and  kept  in  a  cool  place  away 
from  the  sun.  Daffodils  do  better  if 
planted  in  early  September;  tulips  can 
wait  until  around  Election  Day. 

Very  soon  the  tops  of  Oriental  pop¬ 
pies  will  be  dead  and  that  is  the  proper 
time  to  move  them.  If  disturbed  at 
any  other  time  of  the  year  the  plants 
are  apt  to  “go  to  sleep’’  as  it  is  called. 
They  stop  growing  and  never  recover. 
Many  people  move  them  successfully 
early  in  the  spring  without  disturbing 
the  earth  around  them,  but  the  chances 
of  their  living  are  fewer. 

If  you  are  pruning  your  wisteria  the 
young  growth  should  be  cut  back  so 
the  strength  of  the  plant  is  sent  to  the 
short  spur  growths.  At  the  tips  of 
these  spurs,  the  flower  buds  for  next 
spring  will  be  formed  within  the  next 
few  weeks.  Just  pinch  back  the  long 
running  growths  to  within  2  or  3  buds 
of  the  old  wood.  However,  one  should 
remember  that  all  summer  pruning 
may  be  hard  on  the  plant  if  too  many 
leaves  are  removed. 


”YOT  GUILTY”:  In  a  state- 

ment  publish¬ 
ed  in  newspapers  June  10,  John  Holmes, 
president  of  SWIFT  &  COMPANY,  com¬ 
mented  on  the  “not  guilty”  decision  hand¬ 
ed  down  June  6  in  the  federal  district 
court  at  St.  Joseph,  Missouri. 

“Swift  &  Company  and  certain  of  its 
employees  have  been  indicted  in  several 
cities,  including  St.  Joseph,  on  allega¬ 
tions  of  violation  of  the  anti-trust  laws,” 
Mr.  Holmes  said.  “These  charges  we 
have  denied  because  we  know  they  are 
not  and  cannot  be  true. 

“The  ’not  guilty’  decision  in  the  St. 
Joseph  case  is  very  gratifying  to  us  be¬ 
cause  it  confirms  our  belief  that  the 
charges  are  absolutely  without  founda¬ 
tion. 

“Our  principal  regret  now  is  that  the 
time  and  energy  of  so  many  of  our  im¬ 
portant  people  have  to  be  taken  up  with 
the  necessary  defense  in  this  and  other 
cases  when  our  efforts  are  so  urgently 
needed  in  our  business.  Our  entire 
energies  should  be  devoted  to  all-out  pro¬ 
duction  of  foodstuffs  and  other  supplies 
for  the  armed  forces  and  civilian  popu¬ 
lation.” 

MILEAGE:  We  all  know  that  care 

lengthens  the  life  of 
tires,  but  if  we  do  not  watch  ourselves 
continually,  we  are  apt  to  slip  up  on 
some  of  the  details.  You  will  find  some 
excellent  reminders  and  information  in  a 
52-page  booklet  titled  “How  to  Get  More 
Mileage  From  Your  Tires  and  How  to 
Keep  Your  Trucks  Operating  More  Eco¬ 
nomically.”  It  is  published  by  the  FIRE¬ 
STONE  TIRE  AND  RUBBER  COM¬ 
PANY,  and  is  available  without  charge 
from  Firestone  dealers  and  stores,  or 
direct  from  the  company  at  Akron,  Ohio. 

The  importance  of  correct  tire  inflation 
and  its  relation  to  the  weight  of  load  and 
a  simple  method  of  determining  maxi¬ 
mum  weight  are  fully  explained.  Cor¬ 
rect  load  distribution,  the  stage  at  which 
a  tire  should  be  removed  for  treading, 
and  information  on  the  treating  of  minor 
cuts  are  among  the  many  important  sub¬ 
jects  covered  by  the  book. 

HEY  HEALTH:  Dr-  J-  E-  sais- 

mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmatm  bury  of  DR. 
SALSBURY’S  LABORATORIES,  Charles 
City,  Iowa,  cautions  farm  poultry  raisers 
about  the  hazards  that  are  likely  to  ac¬ 
company  larger  flocks  of  poultry.  He 
points  out  that  there  are  16%  more  chick¬ 
ens  this  year  than  the  record-breaking 
number  raised  in  1941  and  that  this  makes 
it  necessary  for  poultry  raisers  to  take 
extra  poultry  health  precautions  to  avoid 
disease  outbreaks.  To  help  poultry  rais¬ 
ers,  Dr.  Salsbury  has  arranged  to  place  a 
FREE  copy  of  the  latest  issue  of  his 
Poultry  Health  Messenger  into  the  hands 
of  every  farm  flockowner  by  having  a 


constant  supply  of  these  valuable  maga¬ 
zines  available  at  all  Dr.  Salsbury  deal¬ 
ers.  These  dealers  are  easily  recognized 
by  the  famous  Dr.  Salsbury  Nation-Wide 
Poultry  Health  sign  on  their  doors  oi 
windows.  Dr.  Salsbury’s  Poultry  Health 
Messenger  is  profusely  illustrated  with 
practical  colored  “How  to  do  it”  pictures 
and  illustrations,  and  poultry  health 
ideas  and  hints.  If  there  is  no  dealer 
near  you,  send  directly  to  Dr.  Salsbury’s 
Laboratories,  Charles  City,  Iowa,  for 
your  FREE  copy. 

HOT  FENCE:  Americans  are  go- 

ing  to  learn  a  lot 
about  stretching  supplies  to  make  them 
last.  Where  your  supply  of  wire  fence 
is  short  and  you  cannot  buy  it,  the 
logical  way  to  stretch  your  fence  is  to 
run  an  electric  current  through  it  and 
make  one  wire  do  the  work  of  several. 
“Electrical  Fencing — Its  Contribution  to 
Our  War  Program,”  has  been  published 
recently  by  ELECTRIC  FENCE  MANU¬ 
FACTURERS’  ASSOCIATION,  615  N. 
Aberdeen  St.,  Chicago,  Illinois.  It  is  full 
of  information,  and  you  will  enjoy  read¬ 
ing  it. 

WAR  BOYDS:  Why  should  a 

farmer  buy  bonds? 
Doubtless  you  know  the  answer,  but  how 
well  could  you  express  it?  Here  is  a 
chance  to  win  some  money  by  tackling 
that  problem.  The  ALLIS -CHALMERS 
TRACTOR  DIVISION,  Milwaukee,  Wis¬ 
consin,  is  conducting  a  contest  in  co¬ 
operation  with  the  U.  S'.  Treasury  De¬ 
partment,  and  are  offering  125  prizes  for 
the  best  100-word  letters  on  the  subject 
“Why  Farmers  Should  Buy  War  Bonds.” 
First  prize  is  a  thousand  dollar  bond, 
plus  an  all-.expense  tour  to  the  Allis- 
Chalmers  factory.  Second  prize  is  a 
thousand  dollar  bond;  third  is  $500  in 
war  stamps;  and  other  prizes  range  from 
$400  down  to  $10.  Get  an  entry  blank 
from  your  Allis-Chalmers  dealer. 

REUIPES:  Yours  for  the  asking  is 
a  30-page  recipe  book  In 
color.  Just  drop  a  post  card  to  STAND¬ 
ARD  BRANDS,  INC.,  595  Madison  Ave„ 
New  York  City. 

For  ten  cents  and  the  coupon  on  page 
21  of  the  June  6  issue,  you  can  get  the 
new  Davis  cook  book  with  21  master 
pattern  baking  formulas.  The  address  is 
R.  B.  DAVIS  CO.,  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

CAYYED  FOODS:  Th®  co-op- 

-  ERATIVE  G. 

L.  F.  EXCHANGE  is  giving  patrons  the 
opportunity  to  give  advance  orders  on 
canned  foods.  While  the  buyer  does  not 
know  exactly  what  he  will  pay,  on  most 
items  he  does  see  a  list  showing  maxi¬ 
mum  costs  on  orders  placed  before  Aug¬ 
ust  1.  G.L.F.  patrons  are  putting  in 
orders  at  their  local  service  agencies. 


(396)  IS 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  July  4,  1942 


//  IS  FOR 

* 

Vegetables 
V itamins 
Victory  !  ^ 


'ITH 
righ 
this  i 
most 

One  way  is  to  t 
to  a  vegetable  pi 
of  three  to  five 
potatoes.  If  you  w; 
to  sit  up  and  take^ 
casions,  select  the 
eye  to  color,  flavor, 

For  flavor  and  text 

1  strongly  flavored! 
broccoli,  brussels  spr 
cauliflower,  onion, 

1  crisp  vegetable  s| 
turnip  or  swieet  potatij 
flowerets,  radishes,  c^ 
1  scalloped,  au  grail 
some  fish  or  meat 


ry  G: 
to  the" 
time  to 
j-esh  vegi 
he  family 
ner,  consist; 
hies,  includi: 
family  really 
on  these  oc- 
bles  with  an 
re  and  shape. 

b.oose 

|ble,  such  as 
le,  cabbage, 
|pr  turnip. 
$&aw  carrot, 
|fcauliflower 

hffed  with 


Carrots  with  Green  Mint 

0. 


to  taste 
butter 


Simmehhf 


For  color,  choose: 

1  green  vegetable, a  leafy 
°ne- 

1  red  or  yellow  v e g h p as  beets, 
red  cabbage,  carrot^ij^^^^^,  yellow 
corn.  Later,  winter  P°ta* 

toes,  and  rutabaga  n^j^^'^Jsred  to  this 
list. 

1  other  vegetable,  vary 

from  the  rest  in  color,  texture  and  method 
of  preparation  if  possible. 

One  vegetable  should  always  be  cooked 
to  include  milk,  cheese,  or  egg.  Cheese 
sauce,  garnishes  of  hard  cooked  egg  or 
strips  of  crisp  bacon  also  add  interest 
and  substance  to  a  vegetable  plate  com¬ 
bination. 


by  Grace  Watkins  Iluckett 


but  first  a  word  about  the  cooking  of 
green  peas. 

Green  Peas 

ky  Shell  fresh  peas  just  before  they  are 
be  cooked.  If  shelled  earlier,  keep 
on  ice.  Cook  uncovered  in  just 
salted,  boiling  water  to  pre- 
,f..JJ  i’t''kporching.  Serve  liquid  with  peas. 

cup  cooked  peas 
Salt  and  pepper 
tablespoons  of 
of  sugar 

,  peas  and  mint 
leaves  tog^iie^J^^bout  five  minutes 
in  just  enofi^h>;^fh'^r^°  cover-  Drain 
them,  ( saving y^gfetable  juice  for 
use  in  a  ,  add  butter, 

salt  and  p^gpervl^'^-fcJl^ien  sprinkle 
with  the  mixture  in 

a  warm  oven  v^tig:ar  melts. 

Serve  this  with  a  "^a^pfe^^.'Sresh  mint 
leaves.  < 

Other  variations  are  to  ‘'ffeam  peas 
with  carrots  or  cauliflower  or  new  po¬ 
tatoes;  butter  them  with  com  or  car¬ 
rots;  cream  them  with  salmon  or  tuna 
fish  on  toast;  bake  them  as  part  of  a 
vegetable  or  vegetable-meat  casserole; 
cream  them  as -a  sauce  over  meat  cro¬ 
quettes  or  fish  loaf. 

When  served  cold,  peas  go  nicely  in 
a'  mixed  vegetable  salad  bowl  or  in  a 
meat  or  fish  salad  made  with  cold  car¬ 
rots,  raw  spinach,  cubed  cheese  and 
French  dressing. 


“Vegetable  Plate”  Combinations 

1.  Corn  on  the  cob  (chewy,  juicy, 
sweet) ;  baked  stuffed  tomatoes  (red,  tart, 
easy  to  eat) ;  shredded  green,  snap  beans 
cooked  with  a  little  finely  minced  onion, 
topped  with  hard-cooked  egg  slices ;  buti 
tered  onions. 

2.  Shell  beans  or  black-eyed  peas  cook¬ 
ed  with  ham  hock  or  fat  back;  fried  okra 
panned  in  a  little  fat  without  water 
(might  substitute  fried  green  tomatoes) ; 
scalloped  green  cabbage  or  kale;  2  or  3 
slices  of  deep  red  pickled  beets. 

3.  Stuffed  green  pepper;  2  slices  crisp, 
brown,  fried  eggplant;  sucjcotgish  of  green 
lima  beans  and  sweet  corn;  buttered  car¬ 
rots  sliced,  quartered,  or  small  whole. 

4.  Baked  potato,  white  .  or  sweet,  with 
a  generous  cube  of  butter;  broccoli  with 
melted  butter  or  Hollandaise  sauce;  fried 
or  broiled  tomatoes ;  crisp  celery  stalks 
stuffed  with  pimiento  or  seasoned  cheese. 

5.  Buttered  spinach,  broiled  tomatoes, 
stuffed  onions,  potato  puff. 

6.  Shell  beans,  cabbage,  stewed  toma¬ 
toes,  stuffed  baked  potatoes. 

7.  Chard,  buttered  beets,  corn  pudding, 
browned  potatoes. 

8.  String  beans,  baked  tomatoes,  but¬ 
tered  onions,  potatoes  au  gratin. 

9.  Green  peas,  buttered  carrots,  baked 
potatoes,  spinach. 

Vegetable  plates  may  be  low  in  pro¬ 
tein  even  though  some  meat,  eggs  or 
cheese  are  included  on  the  plate.  So 
serve  plenty  of  milk  to  the  children  and 
use  meat,  cheese  or  eggs  at  another  of 
the  day’s  meals.  Also,  if  a  hot  bread 
and  a  simple  dessert  are  served  with 
the  plate,  there  is  more  satisfaction 
and  also  more  calories. 

Below  are  given  recipes  for  some  of 
the  vegetable  dishes  mentioned  above, 


Spicy  Green  Beans 

I  qt.  green  beans,  cooked  4  teaspoons  of  butter 

I  cup  chopped  onions  (4  teaspoon  of  nutmeg 

I  teaspoon  of  salt  I  cup  of  cream 

Saute  the  onion  in  the  fat  until  it  is 
tender,  then  add  it  to  the  cooked  beans 
with  the  cream,  nutmeg,  and  salt. 
Simmer  the  mixture  for  ten  minutes, 
dr  place  it  in  the  oven  to  finsh  cooking. 

Baked  Onions 

Choose  medium-sized  onions.  Wash 
but  leave  whole.  Put  root  end  down  in 
an  old  flat  pan,  apd  bake  in  medium 
oven  1  hour  or  until  tender.  When 
tender,  cut  off  stem  end  with  scissors 
and  make  several  slits  in  skin  length¬ 
wise.  Then  squeeze  the  bottom  and 
the  onion  will  pop  out.  Season  with 
butter  and  salt  and  return  to  oven  for  a 
few  minutes. 

Baked  Stuffed  Tomatoes 

6  medium-sized  tomatoes  j  egg,  well  beaten 
I '/2  cups  bread  crumbs  2  tbsps.  melted  butter  or 

i/2  teaspoon  salt  other  fat 

f  tbsp.  minced  onion  I  tsp.  minced  parsley 
Pepper  to  taste 

Cut  a  slice  from  the  top  of  each  to¬ 
mato.  Scoop  o'ut  centers.  Chop  pulp, 
add  remaining  ingredients  and  fill  to¬ 
mato  shells.  Place  in  a  baking  dish 
and  bake  in  moderate  oven  (350°  F.) 
for  30  minutes. 

Variations :  Chopped  colcl  meat,  ham¬ 
burger,  or  1  cup  grated  American 
cheese  may  be  combined  with  the  stuff¬ 
ing.  Also  chopped  celery,  chopped 
parsley  or  celery  salt  lends  variety. 
Cooked  rice  may  be  substituted  for  the 
bread  crumbs;  baked  macaroni  and 
cheese  also  may  be  used  for  stuffing. 

Fried  Tomatoes 

Wash  and  wipe  half-ripened  toma¬ 


toes.  Remove  •'blossom  and  stem  ends 
but  do  not  peel.  Cut  each  tomato  into 
3  slices;  dip  slices  into  flour  well  sea¬ 
soned  with  salt  and  pepper.  Fry  out 
several  pieces  of  bacon  and  then  fry 
the  tomatoes  in  the  fat,  browning  first 
on  one  side  and  then  on  the  other.  Re¬ 
move  to  a  hot  platter.  To  each  table¬ 
spoon  of  fat  add  2  tablespoons  flour, 
mix  well  and  add  one  cup  of  rich  milk. 
Season  with  salt  and  pepper,  cook  until 
thick  and  pour  around  cooked  tomato 
slices.  Garnish  with  bacon  strips  and 
serve  at  once. 


Baked  Cabbage  and  Tomatoes 
With  Cheese 

3  cups  of  boiled  cabbage  I  cup  of  bread  crumbs 

1(4  cups  of  well-seasoned  I  cup  of  ground  cheese 

stewed  tomatoes  2  tablespoons  of  butter 

Salt  and  popper  to  taste 

Put  a  layer  of  tomatoes  and  then 
one  of  cabbage  in  buttered  baking  dish, 
sprinkle  with  cheese,  then  bread 
crumbs,  repeat  the  process  until  all  in¬ 
gredients  have  been  used.  Make  the 
last  layer  bread  crumbs.  Dot  with 
butter,  bake  about  30  minutes  at  350°. 


Stuffed  Green  Peppers 


4  medium-sized  green 
peppers 

1  cup  bread  crumbs 
%  cup  shredded  fish 

2  small  slices  bacon 


I  tablespoon  butter 
I  tablespoon  minced  onion 
Salt  and  pepper 
Tomato  juice,  meat  stock 
or  milk  to  moisten 


Cut  a  slice  from  the  stem  end  of  the 


peppers  and  remove  the  seeds.  Plunge 


the  peppers  into  boiling  water.  Let 
them  stand  in  the  water  10  minutes  to 
make  them  pliable  but  do  not  boil  them. 

To  make  the  stuffing,  cut  the  bacon 
into  bits,  fry  out  the  fat  and  add  the 
butter  and  crumbs.  Fry  until  the 
crumbs  are  slightly  browned.  Add  the 
other  ingredients,  using  just  enough 
liquid  to  moisten  them.  Fill  the  pep¬ 
pers,  cover  the  tops  with  buttered 
crumbs,  and  bake  them  in  a  moderate 
oven  (350°  F.)  until  tender,  from  20 
to  30  minutes. 

Vegetable  Salad  Suggestions 

Since  salads  comprise  one  of  the  best 
forms  to  make  use  of  greens  and  other 
vegetables,  one  should  try  as  many 
combinations  as  possible.  The  simpler 
the  salad,  the  better.  Try  some  of 
these:  shredded  cabbage  with  grated 
carrot  with  thin  slices  of  onion  or  with 
chopped  green  pepper;  slices  of  tomato 
and  cucumber  on  lettuce  with  a  garn¬ 
ish  of  onion,  radishes,  green  pepper 
rings  or  watercress;  a  relish  plate  fill¬ 
ed  with  raw  vegetable  strips;  slices  or 
eighths  of  different  colored  tomatoes 
arranged  in  a  pattern ;  cubed  raw  vege¬ 
tables  molded  in  gelatin;  raw  green 
peppers  stuffed  with  cream  cheese,  slic¬ 
ed  and  sieved  on  lettuce;  chopped 
celery  or  sweet  red  peppers  with  cream 
or  cottage  cheese  and  Russian  salad 
dressing. 


Mending  Lesson  No.  9 

Half  Soling  Pants 


By  MILDRED  CARNEY, 
Cornell  Clothing  Specialist. 


NOW  THAT  good  wool  is  scarce, 
it  is  advisable  to  conserve  every 
article  that  is  made  of  wool  and 
to  mend  and  repair  articles  that  have 
been  put  away,  so  that  they  may  be 
worn  again. 

When  the  seats  and  knees  of  pants 
become  thin,  it  is  necessary  to  rein¬ 
force  them  in  some  way  so  that  they 
won’t  wear  through  and  so  that  one 
may  get  maximum  wear  from  them. 

TO  REINFORCE  SEATS: 

1.  Rip  the  back  seam.  This  makes 
the  garment  easier  to  work  on. 

2.  Cut  a  piece  of  material  for  rein¬ 
forcing  large  enough  to  extend  over 
the  worn  place  and  onto  the  surround¬ 
ing  area.  The  reinforcement  may  be 
light  weight  wool,  outing  flannel,  old 
silk  stocking,  or  the  like,  —  strong 
enough  to  stand  wear  but  not  too 
bulky. 

3.  Baste  the  reinforcement  on  the 
under  side  over  the  thin  place,  having 
the  lengthwise  threads  running  the 
same  way  as  in  the  garment. 

4.  Then  stitch  on  the  machine  (see 
illustration)  on  the  lengthwise  grain 
back  and  forth  and  close  together  with 
matching  mercerized  thread.  The 
thread  must  match  or  the  stitching  will 
show.  When  you  think  you  have  thread 
dark  enough,  get  it  darker  still  as  it 
will  work  up  lighter.  When  the  trouser 
cuffs  are  worn,  mend  in  the  same  way. 

5.  If  the  material  is  a  diagonal 
weave,  stitch  on  the  diagonal  and  it 
will  show  less. 

%.  Press  very  carefully. 

HOLE  IN  SEAT 

If  a  hole  is  worn  in  the  seat,  a  tailor’s 
patch  should  be  put  on  first,  as  follows: 
Make  the  hole  oblong  or  square.  Cut 
a  piece  from  the  seam  or  the  cuff  the 
same  size  and  shape  of  the  hole.  Use 
the  baseball  stitch,  lacing  the  patch  to 
the  hole.  (The  baseball  stitch  was  illus¬ 
trated  in  Mending  Lesson  No.  5  in  the 
May  9th  issue  of  American  Agricultur¬ 
ist.)  Then  with  another  piece  of  ma¬ 
terial,  reinforce  the  surrounding  area 


In  order  to  illustrate  this  type  of  mend¬ 
ing-,  our  artist  had  to  make  the  machine 
stitching  show  plainly.  However,  the 
stitching  actually  shows  very  little  when 
the  job  is  done  according  to  the  accom¬ 
panying  directions. 


and  stitch  lengthwise  back  and  forth 
with  stitches  close  together. 

If  the  hole  is  too  large  and  you  are 
unable  to  find  a  piece  to  patch  it  with 
from  seams  or  cuffs,  use  a  piece  of  ma¬ 
terial  as  near  like  the  garment  in  color 
and  texture  as  you  can  find.  Baste  in 
place  and  stitch. 

Press  very  carefully. 

This  method  of  mending  pants  was 
taught  to  me  by  Mrs.  Jewell  of  Tomp¬ 
kins  County,  New  York. 

The  reinforcement  may  be  held  in 
^place  by  small  darning  stitches  put  in 
by  hand  if  one  does  not  want  to  stitch 
the  garment  by  the  machine. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  July  4,  1942 


-t-l-e-t-c-li  Ifoub 
Canning  Sugar 


DON’T  let  the  sugar  shortage  keep 
you  from  canning  every  bit  of 
fruit  that  the  farm  can  raise  and  your 
family  can  eat  this  year.  Since  we 
printed  the  article,  “Canning  in  War¬ 
time”,  in  our  June  6th  issue,  so  many 
women  have  written  us  for  further  in¬ 
formation  that  we  are  giving  here  ad¬ 
ditional  advice  from  the  New  York 
State  College  of  Home  Economics. 

Sour  Cherries 

The  College  recommends  the  use  of 
a  medium  or  a  thick  syrup  for  unpitted 
sour  cherries,  and  a  thick  syrup  for  pit¬ 
ted  cherries.  For  very  sour  cherries,  a 
medium  syrup  could  be  used  at  canning 
time  and  then  more  sugar  added  from 
the  regular  sugar  ration  to  sweeten  to 
taste  for  pies,  cobblers  and  other  des¬ 
serts  made  from  the  cherries  when 
opened  in  the  winter.  Or  you  could 
make  a  heavier  syrup  at  canning  time 
for  cherries  and  other  tart  fruits,  and 
balance  this  by  canning  naturally 
sweet  fruits,  like  berries  and  sweet 
cherries,  with  less  sweetening  or  with 
none. 

To  make  medium  syrup,  use  1  cup 
sugar  to  2  cups  water.  This  will  make 
a  little  more  than  2  cups  of  syrup.  As 
it  will  require  about  1  cup  of  syrup  for 
each  quart  of  fruit,  your  canning  quota 
of  1  pound  or  2  cups  of  sugar  for  every 
4  quarts  of  fruit  canned  will  be  suffi¬ 
cient.  / 

To  make  a  thick  syrup,  use  1  cup 
sugar  to  1  cup  water.  If  this  syrup  is 
used,  cherries  should  be  packed  in  more 
closely,  requiring  about  %rds  cup  of 
this  syrup  to  1  quart  of  cherries. 

Canning  Without 
Sweet  on  in  g 

Berries,  Sweet  Cherries,  Plums 

Juicy  fruits,  such  as  berries,  sweet 
cherries,  and  plums  may  be  canned  in 
their  own  juice  without  sweetening, 
and  then  sweetened  when  opened.  For 
strawberries,  for  example,  proceed  as 
follows : 

Use  fully  ripe  strawberries,  full  of 
their  own  sugar.  Separate  into  perfect 
berries  and  less  perfect  ones.  Wash. 
Place  perfect  berries  in  sterilized  jars 
and  shake  and  press  down.  In  the 
meantime,  crush,  heat  and  strain  the 
less  perfect  berries  which  were  set 
aside,  and  pour  this  strawberry  juice 
over  berries  in  jars,  to  within  *4  in.  of 
top.  Seal  and  process  jars  in  a  sim¬ 
mering  water  bath,  20  minutes  for 
pints,  30  minutes  for  quarts. 

Apples,  Peaches,  Pears 

Less  juicy  fruits,  such  as  apples, 
peaches,  and  pears,  may  be  canned  in 
water  instead  of  in  sugar  syrup.  It  is 
advisable  to  precook  the  fruit  from  4 
to  8  minutes,  to  get  a  full  pack,  and 
to  add  only  the  smallest  possible  quan¬ 
tity  of  water.  Use  %  teaspoon  of  salt 


for  each  pint  of  fruit,  and  add  boiling 
water  to  within  %  in.  of  top  of  jar.  As 
far  as  possible,  use  water  in  which 
fruit  was  pre-cooked. 

Canning  With  Sweetening 

SUGAR:  You  can  stretch  your  sugar 
by  using  a  less  sweet  syrup  than  usual. 
Five  pounds  of  sugar  will  make  30 
cups  of  thin  syrup,  enough  for  30 
quarts  of  fruit.  (The  proportions  for 
thin  syrup  are  1  cup  sugar  to  3  cups 
liquid).  One  pound  of  sugar  to  4  quarts 
of  fruit  would  make  a  sweeter  syrup, 
that  is,  1  cup  of  sugar  to  2  cups  liquid. 
The  liquid  may  be  either  water  or  juice 
extracted  from  the  riper  fruits.  In  mak¬ 
ing  the  syrup,  add  the  sugar  to  the 
liquid  and  heat  it  only  until  the  sugar 
is  dissolved. 

CORN  SYRUP  AND  HONEY:  Up 

to  half  the  amount  of  sweetening  used 
may  be  honey,  or  a  third  of  it  com 
syrup.  However,  this  additional  liquid 
in  both  cases  will  make  a  thinner 
sauce,  and  it  will  be  less  sweet  than 
an  all  sugar  syrup.  If  honey  is  used, 
avoid  one  that  is  strong  flavored,  as  it 
may  offset  the  flavor  of  the  fruit. 

Another  Good  Sugar-Saving  Method 

This  easy  way  of  canning  strawber¬ 
ries  with  a  small  amount  of  sugar  was 
demonstrated  at  a  recent  meeting  of 
the  Tompkins  County,  (N.  Y.)  Home 
Bureau.  Sweet  cherries,  blackberries 
and  raspberries  may  be  put  up  the 
same  way: 

Strawberries  with  Small  Amount  of 
Sugar:  Gather  fully  ripe  berries.  Wash. 
Cut  in  two.  Pack  in  sterilized  jar;  and, 
as  you  pack,  sprinkle  on  the  berries 
the  amount  of  sugar  allowed  by  the 
government  (14  cup  to  a  pint,  or  y2 
cup  to  a  quart).  Pack  jar  very  full  and 
press  and  shake  down  the  fruit,  as 
there  is  no  added  juice.  Seal  and  pro¬ 
cess  in  boiling  water  bath,  20  minutes 
for  pints,  or  30  minutes  for  quarts. 

Jams  and  «Jcllies 

In  any  bottled  fruit  pectin  recipe,  2 
cups  light  corn  syrup  may  be  substitut¬ 
ed  for  2  cups  of  the  sugar  required. 
Not  more  than  2  cups  of  corn  syrup 
should  be  used,  or  results  will  be  un¬ 
satisfactory.  The  following  recipe,  test¬ 
ed  in  our  own  Testing  Kitchen,  illus¬ 
trates  the  method: 

Ripe  Raspberry  and  Strawberry  Jam 

( Original  recipe  used  7  cups  sugar) 


4  cups  prepared  fruit 
'/3  bottle  fruit  pectin 


2  cups  corn  syrup 
5  cups  sugar 


Dress  Them  Right  tor  Summer 


Especially  pretty  Piaysuit  No. 

3548  combines  the  shirtwaist  idea 
with  full,  gathered  shorts.  Make  up  in 
gay  stripes,  plaids  or  prints.  Sizes  6  to 
14.  Size  8,  2%  yds.  35-in.  fabric. 

Sunback  Play  Clothes  No.  3395, 
princess  dress,  bloomers  and  bolero, 
make  a  wonderful  outfit.  The  little 
dress  is  princess  cut  in  front  with  mere 
straps  across  the  back,  very  easy  to 
make.  Sizes  4  to  10.  Size  8,  for  dress, 
1%  yds.  35-in.  fabric;  for  bloomers.  1 
yd.  35-in.;  and  for  bolero,  %  yd.  35-in. 

Hand-stitching  on  plain-colored  frock 
would  give  Princess  Dress  No.  2712  a 
very  smart  finish.  Besides,  it  is  the 
perfect  vacation  frock  for  a  girl;  pat¬ 
tern  comes  in  sizes  4  to  14.  Size  8,  for 
dress,  1%  yds.  35-in.  fabric;  for  blouse 
(included  in  pattern),  1%  yds.  ,35-in. 

No.  3546  is  a  pretty  basque  frock 
with  basque  slightly  lengthened,  puff 
sleeves  and  a  gathered  skirt,  all  very 
dainty  and  lines  just  right  for  girls  of 
’tween  age.  Printed  lawn,  tissue  ging¬ 
ham,  fine  pique,  or  washable  rayon  are 
well  adapted  to  this  delightful  design. 
Pattern  sizes  4  to  12.  Size  8,  2  yds.  35- 
in.  fabric  with  %  yd.  contrasting  and 
3%  yds.  braid. 

Fun-in-the-Sun  No.  3553  comprises  a 


cunning  sunsuit,  a  fetching  sun  bon¬ 
net,  and  a  bolero  jacket,  a  sweet  outfit 
indeed.  Seersucker,  chambray,  ging¬ 
ham,  or  percale  could  be  obtained  in 
lovely  colors  and  designs  small  enough 
for  little  people.  Pattern  sizes  1,  2,  3 
and  4  years.  Size  2,  for  set,  2  yds.  35-in. 
fabric  with  6  yds.  ruffling. 

Overalls  No.  2895  make  just  the  gar¬ 
ment  for  that  active  young  man  in  the 
family  or  his  equally  active  sister. 
Make  them  long  or  short,  of  good 
sturdy  material,  denim,  poplin,  twill  or 
gingham.  Blouse  is  included  in  the  pat¬ 
tern  which  comes  in  sizes  2  to  8.  Size 
4,  for  long  overalls,  iy2  yds.  35-in.  fab¬ 
ric;  for  blouse,  1%  yds.  35-in. 

Picturesque  Basque  Frock  No.  2959 
is  right  in  the  season’s  vogue  with  its 
rows  of  gay-colored  braids  or  bindings. 
Pattern  sizes  are  2  to  8.  Size  4,  1  y2 
yds.  35-in.  fabric  with  3  y2  yds.  each 
color  binding. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address, 
pattern  size  and  number  clearly  and 
inclose  15c  in  stamps.  Address  Pattern 
Dept.,  American  Agriculturist,  10 
North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  New 
York.  Add  12c  for  a  copy  of  the  full- 
color  Summer  Fashion  Book  with  its 
many  additional  designs  for  children 
and  grown-ups. 


“Last  night  I  dreamed  I  was  strand¬ 
ed  on  a  desert  island  with  you.” 


To  prepare  fruit,  grind  about  1  quart 
each  fully  ripe  raspberries  and  straw¬ 
berries,  or  crush  completely  one  layer 
at  a  time  so  that  each  berry  is  reduced 
to  a  pulp.  Combine  fruits.  Measure 
sugar,  syrup,  and  prepared  fruit  into  a 
large  kettle,  and  mix  well.  Bring  to  full 
rolling  boil  over  hottest  fire.  Stir  con¬ 
stantly  before  and  while  boiling.  Boil 
hard  1  minute. 

Remove  from  fire  and  stir  in  bottled 
fruit  pectin.  Skim;  pour  quickly.  Paraf¬ 
fin  hot  jam  at  once.  Makes  about  10 
glasses  (6  fluid  ounces  each). 

In  any  powdered  fruit  pectin  recipe, 
light  corn  syrup  may  be  substituted  for 
one-half  the  sugar  required.  For  each 
cup  sugar  omitted,  use  1  cup  light 
syrup : 

Ripe  Strawberry  Jelly 

( Original  recipe  used  7  Clips  sugar) 

5  cups  juice  3'/2  cups  corn  syrup 

2  boxes  powdered  fruit  3'/2  cups  sugar 

pectin  v  * 

To  prepare  juice,  crush  thoroughly 
or  grind  about  3y2  qu'arts  fully  ripe 
berries.  Place  fruit  in  jelly  cloth  or  bag 


and  squeeze  out  juice.  (If  there  is  a 
slight  shortage  of  juice,  add  small 
amount  of  water  to  pulp  in  jelly  cloth 
and  squeeze  again.) 

Measure  sugar  and  syrup  into  a  dish 
and  set  aside  until  needed.  Measure 
juice  into  a  5  to  6-quart  saucepan  and 
place  over  hottest  fire. 

Add  powdered  fruit  pectin,  mix  well, 
and  continue  stirring  until  mixture 
comes  to  a  hard  boil.  At  once,  add 
sugar  and  syrup,  stirring  constantly. 
Bring  to  a  full  rolling  boil,  and  boil 
hard  y2  minute. 

Remove  from  fire,  skim,  pour  quick¬ 
ly.  Paraffin  at  once.  (Makes  about  12 
six-ounce  glasses.)  - 

Put  Up  Fruit  Juices 

The  New  York  State  College  of 
Home  Economics  makes  the  suggestion 
that  fruit  juices  can  be  put  up  for  later 
use  in  jelly  making,  when  and  if  you 
have  the  sugar.  You  may  be  able  to 
save  some,  week  by  week,  from  your 
regular  sugar  ration  for  this  purpose 
if  the  family  wants  jam  and  jelly  bad¬ 
ly  enough. 

Many  of  our  fruit  juices  are  acid  and 
will  keep  satisfactorily  if  heated  in  an 
open  container  (aluminum  or  white 
enamel  kettle)  to  165° -170°,  stirring 


constantly.  Without  cooling,  pour  im¬ 
mediately  into  hot,  sterile  jars  or  bot¬ 
tles)  capped),  taking  care  to  fill  each 
container  until  it  runs  over.  Remove 
foam  aqd  bubbles.  Close  container  im¬ 
mediately.'  Sterilize  tops  by  tipping  jar 
or  bottle.  Cool  and  store  in  dark,  cool 
place. 

OR  you  may  use  this  method  of  put¬ 
ting  up  fruit  juices:  Strain  juice  from 
cooked  fruit  or  press  from  raw  fruit. 
Pour  into  hot  sterile  containers.  Pro¬ 
cess  below  boiling  point  (160°-170°), 
20  minutes  for  pints,  30  minutes  for 
quarts. 

VISION 

By  Edith  Shaw  Butler. 

Their  little  house  is  very  new, 

The  paint  but  scarcely  dry, 

They’ve  tinted  the  tiny  shutters  blue 
To  match  the  sky. 

Her  curtains  are  crisp  and  frilly, 

The  window  panes  sparkle  and  gleam. 
For  this  home  they  built  together 
Is  a  cherished  dream. 

And  the  maple  in  their  small  back  yard 
Holds  a  vision  they  two  see: 

Small  sons  and  daughters  swinging 
Under  a  tree. 


(398)  20 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  July  4,  1942 


Horse  and  Buggy  Days 

(Continued  from  Page  5) 

porch,  Dad  would  rush  out,  grab  him  all  the  time  looking  apprehensively  over 

his  shoulder  toward  the  door  of  the 


by  the  hand  and  say,  “John,  I’m  glad 
to  see  you.  How  are  you  tonight? 
Come  right  in  and  have  a  chair!” 

How  I  would  like  to  turn  the  clock 
back  just  once  to  those  warm  summer 
evenings  with  Father  and  Mother  and 
my  brothers  on  the  front  stoop.  How 
much  happier  we  all  would  be  if  we 
could  learn  to  appreciate  our  blessings 
before  it  is  too  late.  It  was  too  hot 
to  sit  inside,  too  hot  to  go  up  into  the 
hot  bedroms.  But  outside  it  was  nice. 
Fireflies  fluttered  across  the  farm 
yard;  overhead  in  the  grape  vine,  in¬ 
sects  chirped;  and  along  the  creek  be- 


kitchen,  expecting  every  moment  that 
Mother  would  appear  with  blood  in  her 
eye.  When  she  did  come  out,  she  took 
one  look  at  her  broken  flowers  and, 
without  a  word,  turned  and  went  back 
into  the  kitchen.  There  are  tragedies 
that  are  just  beyond  words! 

Well,  time  moved  on  until  one  Christ¬ 
mas  when  Brother  and  I  came  down¬ 
stairs  to  go  out  to  the  barn  to  milk. 
Coming  into  the  kitchen  on  the  way 
out,  we  found  Father  gasping  for 
breath  on  the  kitchen  floor.  We  pick¬ 
ed  him  up,  put  him  in  a  chair,  where 


yond  the  barn  the  bull  frogs  took  up  he  gasped  a  few  more  times  and  then 
their  evening  chant.  I  can  shut  my  was  gone. 

eyes  and  hear  them  still.  It  was  then  We  buried  him  amid  a  heavy  snow- 
sometimes,  if  we  kept  perfectly  quiet,  storm,  while  the  bugle  sounded  “Taps” 
that  Father  would  relive  the  adven-  across  his  grave.  He  sleeps  in  a  trans- 


tures  of  four  tumultuous  years  of  war, 
some  of  which  I  have  already  retold 
in  these  chapters. 

I  think,  however,  that  just  about  my 


planted  New  England  town  with  his 
relatives  and  his  soldier  comrades. 
That  night  when  I  went  to  sleep  in  the 
old  farmhouse  the  snow  had  turned  to 


best  memory  of  Dad  has  to  do  with  rain  and  it  was  pattering  on  the  tin 
farming.  I  can  see  him  still  on  a  Sun-  roof  just  outside  my  window.  I  have 
day  afternoon  with  hands  clasped  be-  never  liked  the  sound  of  rain  on  the 
hind  him,  strolling  slowly  down  the  old  roof  since. 


cow  lane,  stopping  to  climb  on  top  of 
the  rail  fence.  He  would  sit  there  for 
a  long  time,  looking  out  across  the 
crops  that  he  had  grown  in  partner¬ 
ship  with  Nature  and  God.  Dad  wasn’t 
given  much  to  putting  things  into 
words,  but  I  am  very  sure  that  on  such 
occasions  he  came  the  closest  to  at¬ 
taining  that  which  we  all  are  seeking 

—  happiness  —  for  he  loved  growing 
things,  and  he  loved  to  make  them 
grow. 

Animals  used  to  annoy  and  enrage 
Dad,  as  they  do  all  farmers  at  times. 
But  still  I  know  he  liked  them,  especi¬ 
ally  cows.  How  he  loved  to  feed  them 

—  in  fact,  there  was  more  or  less  con¬ 
troversy  for  years  between  him  and 
my  older  brother  because  Dad  was  for¬ 
ever  feeding  the  cows  so  much  grain 
that  it  took  most  of  the  milk  check  to 
pay  for  the  grain.  At  times  I  still  have 
twinges  of  conscience  because,  like  all 
other  boys,  I  used  to  stick  in  bed  in 
the  mornings,  or  keep  out  of  sight  at 
cow  time  in  the  afternoon  so  that  I 
wouldn’t  have  to  go  after  the  cows. 
It  was  a  long  way,  a  mile  up  a  long 
hill  when  the  cows  were  as  far  as 
they  could  go  in  the  pasture,  which 
they  usually  were.  So  it  bothers  me 
a  little  to  think  of  Father,  particularly 
in  his  later  years,  climbing  that  long 
pasture  hill,  with  a  long  stock  that  he 
used  as  a  cane,  pausing  often  to  rest 
and  to  turn  around  to  look  back  down 
across  the  summer  fields  below  him. 
But  I  don’t  feel  too  badly  about  my 
not  getting  the  cows,  for  I  think  that 
Dad  liked  to  do  it. 

Mother  was  a  great  hand  for  flowers. 
In  the  winter  both  the  kitchen  an,_d  sit¬ 
ting  room  windows  were  bright  with 
the  colorful  blossoms  of  the  geraniums 
and  the  shiny  leaves  of  the  begonias, 
while  in  the  summer  the  whole  yard 
bloomed  with  all  kinds  of  posies,  as 
the  old-timers  used  to  call  them. 
Among  these  was  a  patch  of  golden 
glow,  which  came  up  year  after  year 
and  in  the  late  summer  dominated  the 
whole  yard  with  their  bright  yellow 
flowers.  Mother  tended  them  jealously 
and  was  very  proud  of  them.  One 
morning  early,  before  I  got  up,  I  heard 
Father  coming  down  the  road  bringing 
the  cows  home,  yelling  occasionally 
“whey!  whey!  whey!”  I  heard  the  rat¬ 
tle  of  the  cows’  hoofs  as  they  crossed 
the  bridge  and  then  somehow  or  other 
the  cows  got  out  of  control,  as  they 
will  at  times,  and  the  whole  herd  rush¬ 
ed  pell-mell  through  that  patch  of 
golden  glow,  breaking  down  the  blooms 
beyond  hope  of  repair.  When  I  came 
out  of  the  house  a  few  minutes  later, 
milk  pails  on  my  arm,  I  saw  Dad  sur¬ 
reptitiously  trying  to  repair  the  havoc, 


That  was  34  years  ago,  and  yet, 
Partner,  I  think  my  memories  of  Fath¬ 


er  are  as  green  as  they  were  when  he 
left.  Some  men  have  personalities  and 
characters  so  strong,  so  impressive, 
that  they  never  die  while  those  who 
loved  them  still  live.  As  I  think  of 
that  family  scene  with  the  old  farm 
and  those  who  have  gone  and  of  all  the 
other  friends  I  knew  and  loved  in  the 
Horse  and  Buggy  days,  I  think  of  that 
other  American  family  whom  Whit¬ 
tier  describes  so  vividly  in  his  “Snow¬ 
bound”  : 

“Henceforward,  listen  as  we  will, 

The  voices  of  that  hearth  are  still; 

Look  where  we  may,  the  wide  earth 
o’er, 

Those  lighted  faces  smile  no  more. 

We  tread  the  paths  that  feet  have 
worn, 

We  sit  beneath  their  orchard  trees, 
We  hear,  like  them,  the  hum  of  bees 

And  rustle  of  the  bladed  corn; 

We  turn  the  pages  that  they  read, 
Their  written  words  we  linger  o’er. 

But  in  the  sun  they  cast  no  shade, 

No  voice  is  heard,  no  sign  is  made 
No  step  is  on  the  conscious  floor! 

Yet  Love  will  dream,  and  Faith  will 
trust 

(Since  He  who  knows  our  needs  is 
just) 

That  somehow,  somewhere,  meet  we 
must.” 

- The  End - 


Interesting  Ancestors  of  Our  Flag 


THE  DESIGN  and  color  of  our  flag 
were  not  selected  at  random  by 
our  fore-fathers.  The  blue  field  was 
suggested  by  several  other  flags  under 
which  the  American  colonies  were  rul¬ 
ed  before  they  joined  together  to  form 
an  independent  nation.  Then,  too,  back 
of  those  flags  was  an  ancestor,  the 
flag  from  which  each  obtained  some 
suggested  design.  So  one  is  obliged 
to  turn  back  to  the  year  945,  A.D., 
when  the  banner  of  Scotland  was 
flown.  This  had  a  blue  field  with  the 
white  cross  of  St.  Andrew  on  it.  That 
is  the  hue  and  general  design  of  the 
blue  field  of  the  United  States  flag. 

The  English  colonial  flag  of  1628 
comes  next.  American  colonial  troops 
carried  that  flag  in  King  William’s 
War  during  that  trying  period  between 
1689  and  1697,  when  the  colonies  were 
at  war  with  the  French  and  Indians. 
This  flag  had  a  red  field  and  from  it 
was  taken  the  general  idea  for  our 
stripes,  both  in  color  and  number, 
seven. 

Next  was  the  British  colonial  flag  of 
1707,  which  had  a  red  field  with  what 
was  called  the  Jacques  Union,  one  of 
three  white  crosses. 

From  this  flag  came  the  suggestion 
of  white  in  our  flag,  represented  by 
the  six  white  stripes.  At  first,  the 
colonial  patriots  thought  of  putting  in 
crosses  on  a  red  field  but  it  was  de¬ 
cided  that  such  a  design  might  sug¬ 
gest,  to  many  people,  the  thought  of 
clinging  allegiance  to  England;  so  the 


alternate  strips  of  red  and  white  were 
adopted. 

The  first  flag  of  the  United  States 
was  known  as  the  Betsy  Ross  flag  and 
was  flown  from  1777  to  May  1,  1795. 
The  second  flag  was  adopted  in  1795 
and  consisted  of  fifteen  alternate  red 
and  white  stripes  and  fifteen  stars.  It 
was  to  this  flag  that  Francis  Scott 
Key  dedicated  the  words  of  “The  Star 
Spangled  Banner.”  This  flag  remain¬ 
ed  in  use  until  July  4,  1818.  The  third 
flag  witnessed  the  return  to  the 
original  thirteen  stripes,  with  one  star 
added  as  each  new  state  entered  the 
Union. 

The  number  of  stars  in  the  blue 
field,  at  times  of  international  disturb¬ 
ances,  have  been:  War  with  Mexico, 
1846-8,  twenty-nine;  Civil  War,  1861-5, 
thirty-four;  Spanish- American  War, 
1898,  forty-five;  World  War,  1917-8, 
forty-eight. 


Pe/iAattal  Pn,aIUe4tvL 

"SHOULD  WE  MARRY 
REFORE  HE  GOES?” 

The  mail  to  personal  prob¬ 
lems  desk  these  days  is  heavy 
with  letters  from  girls  who  are  troubled 
with  a  hard  decision  to  make:  Should 
they  marry  their  soldier  sweethearts 
now,  or  wait  until  the  war  is  over? 

It  is  hard  to  decide  for  yourself,  I 
know;  it  is  impossible  for  an  outsider 
to  decide  it  for  you.  Each  case  has 
to  be  considered  on  its  individual 
merits,  for  each  case  is  different.  All 


“Remember,  Daddy  never  had  a  tricycle  when  he  was  a  little  boy!” 


The  Amateur  Poet’s 
Corner 


Because  of  the  number  of  contributions 
we  do  not  return  poems  not  published. 
Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

The  limit  in  length  is  sixteen  (16)  lines 
and  each  poem  submitted  for  this  corner 
must  be  original  and  the  work  of  an 
amateur  poet.  Therefore,  when  sending 
in  a  poem,  be  sure  to  state  whether  you 
are  the  author  of  it.  $2.00  will  be  paid 
for  each  one  printed.  Check  will  be  mail¬ 
ed  on  or  about  the  first  day  of  month 
following  publication. 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist,  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

GAS  RATIONING 

We  always  were  a  traipsin’  folk, 

From  way,  way  back 
Since  Granddad’s  granddad  drove  his 
yoke 

Of  oxen  through  the  woods,  and  broke 
A  new  road  track. 

And  Granddad  loaded  goods  and  wife 
And  traveled  West 
By  wagon  train  to  build  a  life 
(Though  plagued  by  trials  and  Injun 
strife) 

That  he  thought  best. 

But  now  our  traipsin’  days  are  done. 
It  sure  comes  hard; 

Yet  we  may  find  that  we’ll  have  fun 
With  neighbor  friends,  at  setting  sun, 
In  our  back  yard. 

— Elisabeth  Howard  Finnessy, 
Burlington,  Vermont. 


I  can  do  is  present  the  argument  for 
and  against  .  .  .  and  leave  the  decision 
up  to  you. 

Older,  sensible  people  would  say  to 
wait.  Maybe  he  won’t  come  back  .  .  . 
maybe  you’ll  have  a  baby  to  support 
.  .  .  maybe  you’ll  be  tied  down  while 
you’re  young  enough  to  want  to  be  out 
having  a  good  time  .  .  .  maybe  you’ll 
both  change  your  minds,  after  you’re 
apart  from  each  other  awhile.  Maybe 
.  .  .  maybe  .  .  .  maybe. 

Younger,  “in-love”  people  would  say 
to  go  ahead.  Maybe  he  won’t  come 
back  .  .  .  you’ll  at  least  have  had  each 
other  for  a  few  days.  Maybe  he’ll  need 
the  thought  of  a  wife  at  home  to  give 
him  courage  and  stamina  during  dark 
days  ahead.  Maybe  if  something 
should  happen,  you’ll  at  least  have  his 
child.  That’s  something,  young  people 
say. 

Again  ...  all  maybe’s. 

And  all  correct  and  logical.  But 
obscured  by  emotion.  It  seems  sweet 
and  noble  to  a  girl,  in  the  fire  of  her 
love  and  enthusiasm,  to  marry  her  sol¬ 
dier  sweetheart  and  send  him  off  to 
war  with  a  happy  heart.  But  it  might 
not  seem  much  fun  if  he  came  back 
without  arms  or  legs  or  sight  and  you 
had  to  be  responsible  for  him  all  your 
life.  You  might  take  it  in  your  stride 
.  .  .  you  might  rebel.  Who  knows? 
You  don’t  ...  at  this  time.  You  might 
be  left  with  the  sweetest  child  in  the 
world,  trebly  so  because  it  was  his  .  .  . 
but  that  child  would  have  to  be  sup¬ 
ported  and  might  be  a  big  responsi¬ 
bility  for  you  to  shoulder  all  alone. 
As  months,  perhaps  years,  drag  by, 
and  you — young,  pretty  and  wanting 
a  good  time — have  to  sit  decorously 
home  with  mother  because  you’re  mar¬ 
ried,  while  the  other  girls  in  your 

( Continued  on  opposite  page) 


If  you  have  a  problem,  write  to 
Lucile,  Personal  Problems  Editor, 
American  Agriculturist,  Box  367, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Be  sure  to  sign  your 
name  and  give  your  address,  as  un¬ 
signed  letters  will  not  be  answered. 
Your  name  will  be  kept  entirely 
confidential,  and  if  your  letter  is 
printed  in  these  columns,  your 
identity  will  be  carefully  disguised. 
Please  enclose  a  self-addressed, 
stamped  envelope  if  you  wish  a  per¬ 
sonal  reply  by  mail. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  July  4,  1942 


21  (399) 


crowd  are  having  fun,  would  you  be 
satisfied?  Would  you  be  glad  then 
that  you’d  married  before  he  left?  Of 
course,  sure  of  yourself  in  the  self- 
confidence  of  youth,  you  think  such 
things  couldn’t  happen  to  you  and  Bill 
.  but  they  could. 

On  the  other  hand,  if  you  send  him 
away  unattached  and  the  worst  does 
happen,  there’ll  be  long  nights  when 
You’ll  cry  into  your  pillow  and  heap 
recriminations  on  your  head  for  being 
so  selfish  and  self-centered  that  you 
denied  him  his  chance  at  happiness. 
You’ll  think  that  if  you  only  had  him 
back,  you’d  do  anything  to  make  up  to 
him  what  he  was  to  encounter  in  the 
days  that  lay  ahead. 

So  .  .  .  there  are  both  sides  of  the 
picture.  It’s  a  gamble,  any  way  you 
figure  it.  But  this  I  know,  regardless 
of  what  anyone  says:  If  you  love  Bill 
and  he  insists,  you’ll  look  at  him,  trim 
and  handsome  in  his  smart  uniform, 
and  think  of  the  long,  long  miles  of 
ocean  between  here  and  Australia  or 
Ireland  or  Iceland,  and  you’ll  say, 
“Yes.”  Girls  always  have  .  .  .  and  I 
think  they  always  will.  (And,  secret¬ 
ly,  I’m  glad  they  do.) — Lucile. 

*  *  * 

DOESN’T  SEEM 
VERY  ANXIOUS 

Dear  Lucile:  I  live  about  eight  miles 
from  the  city  where  my  boy  friend  is. 

I  have  known  him  about  a  year  and  he 
is  the  only  one  I  care  anything  for,  but 
he  doesn’t  have  a  car  to  come  to  see  me. 
A  few  times  he  borrowed  a  car  and  we 
went  out,  but  oftener  he  wants  me  to 
come  to  his  house  and  we  go  out  from 
there. 

I  wonder  if  he  really  cares  much  about 
me.  There  are  lots  of  times  I  have  ways 
of  getting  in  to  his  place  but  I  don’t  go 
because  I  think  it  isn’t  very  nice  to  go 
to  a  fellow’s  house.  What  do  you  think 
I  should  do? — Belle. 

This  may  be  an  odd  sort  of  boy,  but 
it  would  seem  to  me  that  if  he  were 
terribly  interested  in  your  company,  he 
could  find  ways  to  get  out  to  your 
place,  only  eight  miles  away.  If  you 
can  find  ways  to  get  in  to  his  place, 
couldn’t  he  do  the  same?  Now  that 
gas  and  tires  are  rationed,  he  can  be 
expected  to  walk  out  to  see  you,  if  in¬ 
terested. 

That’s  what  I  think;  maybe  I’m 
wrong.  Why  not  try  to  wake  him  up 
by  having  a  few  dates  with  other  boys 
who  think  it  worthwhile  to  make  an 
effort  to  see  you? 

#  *  * 

LET  HIM  GO 

Dear  Lucile:  I  have  gone  with  a  fel¬ 
low  for  10  months  and  am  in  love  with 
him.  He  asked  me  to  marry  him  and 
gave  me  a  beautiful  ring.  Now  he  says 
he  really  doesn’t  know  if  he  loves  me 
enough  to  marry  me,  especially  now  with 
the  war  on.  He  has  a  good  job  and  my 
parents  like  him  very  much.  Would  you 
please  help  m el— Perplexed. 

If  this  young  man  says  he  doesn’t 
love  you  enough  to  marry  you,  about 
all  you  can  do  is  to  give  him  his  free¬ 
dom.  You  would  not  want  to  marry 
someone  who  has  said  he  does  not  care 
for  you,  would  you  ?  He  has  acted 
very  queerly  and  should  have  definitely 
made  up  his  mind  before  the  case  went 
far  enough  to  give  you  a  ring. 


Orange  County,  N.  Y., 
Facts 

Number  of  farms — 3513 
Average  size  of  farm — 85.4  acres 
Out  of  the  55  agricultural 
counties  in  the  state  Orange 
County  stands  — 

1st  n  acres  of  onions 

2nd  n  acres  of  currants  | 

2nd  n  acres  of  celery 

3rd  n  acres  of  lettuce  I 

5th  n  production  of  peaches  ] 

5th  in  production  of  raspberries 

7th  :n  production  of  apples 

7th  n  production  of  carrots 

8th  in  production  of  milk 


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(400)  22 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  July  4,  1942 


Kernels,  Screenings 


cundt  Chaff 


By  H.  E.  BABCOCK 


THE  WAR  NEWS  is  bad  this 
morning.  Last  week  I  was  in 
Washington,  D.  C.  What  I 
learned  there  gives  added 
meaning  to  the  fall  of  Tobruk,  the 
submarine  sinkings  on  our  East 
Coast,  and  the  Japanese  occupa¬ 
tion  of  some  of  the  Aleutian  Islands. 

Farm  ILabor 

Plans  are  being  actively  develop¬ 
ed  for  a  ten  million  man  Army. 
What  such  an  Army  means  in  terms 
of  farm  labor,  readers  of  this  page 
can  hardly  imagine. 

Put  it  down  ns  a  safe  bet  that  at 
least  half  of  the  labor  which  is 
now  available  for  your  farm  will 
disappear  in  the  next  18  months. 


purposes  they  will  be  totally  un¬ 
available  to  you. 

Put  it  down  that  you  will  have 
to  handle  the  grain  and  feed  you 
buy  and  sell  in  bulk;  use  home- 
sawed  lumber  in  place  of  steel; 
patch  roofs;  take  up  and  re-use 
old  fences.  In  short ,  get  along 
with  what  you  have  on  hand  now 
and  not  to  exceed  10  per  cent  of 
your  usual  purchases  of  incidental 
farm  supplies. 

Feed 

For  a  year  or  two,  feed  supplies 
will  be  plentiful.  Feed  prices,  how¬ 
ever,  will  be  made  by  the  govern¬ 
ment.  Don’t  forget  that  the  biggest 
influence  in  setting  these  feed  prices 
will  be  the  Midwest  farmer  who 


content  of  between  65  and  70.  Practic¬ 
ally  all  of  our  clover  and  alfalfa  stands 
had  grass  and  weeds  in  them.  In  the 
case  of  the  one  clear  stand  of  alfalfa 
we  harvested,  we  mixed  in  about  a 
third  by  weight  of  fresh  green  timothy. 
We  also  made  silage  out  of  a  field  of 
orchard  grass  and  ladino  clover  which 
we  wilted  slightly.  We  are  much  in¬ 
terested  in  this  particular  lot  of  silage. 

The  more  we  see  of  grass  silage  the 
more  inclined  we  are  to  grow  crops 
which  are  natural  silage  mixtures  and 
which  need  only  to  be  wilted  before 
going  into  the  silo.  Lalino  clover  and 
orchard  grass  promises  to  be  such  a 
mixture  and  in  addition  is  a  good  pas¬ 
ture  and  dry  hay  crop. 

As  we  now  stand  we  will  be  able 
to  check  on  the  quality  of  silage  made 
by  the  wilting  method  in  four  silos.  We 
car.  check  next  winter  both  by  feeding 
and  chemical  analyses  on  (1)  natural 
stands  of  clover  and  alfalfa  contain¬ 
ing  up  to  30  per  cent  weeds  and  other 
grasses  which  were  wilted  before  they 
were  put  in  the  silo,  (2)  a  natural 
stand  of  ladino  clover  and  orchard 
grass  slightly  wilted  before  being  put 
in  the  silo,  (3)  a  clear  stand  of  alfalfa 
wilted  and  then  mixed  with  about  a 
third  by  weight  of  fresh  cut  timothy 
and  weeds. 

By  following  the  program  we  finally 


adopted  we  have:  (1)  saved  buying  any 
molasses,  acid,  or  grain  for  our  silos, 
(2)  harvested  all  of  our  weedy  new 
seedings  and  a  couple  of  weedy  old 
meadows  before  the  weeds  went  to 
seed,  (3)  taken  advantage  of  the  rainy 
weather  by  getting  our  silo  filling  job 
over  with  and  enabling  the  fields  from 
which  the  silage  came  to  start  their 
second  cuttings  of  clean  clover  and 
alfalfa,  and  (4)  eliminated  the  wast¬ 
age  and  labor  of  hay  caught  in  the 
rain. 

In  short,  so  far  as  the  cost  and  farm 
management  angles  of  our  program 
are  concerned,  it  has  been  very  satis¬ 
factory.  The  final  test,  however,  must 
be  whether  or  not  we  have  made  good 
silage.  This  we  won’t  know  until  next 
winter,  when  we  will  report. 


DOWN  MEXICO  WAY 

By  H.  E.  Babcock,  Jr, 


Farm  Transportation 

I  have  harped  on  the  impending 
breakdown  of  farm  transportation 
for  so  long  that  I  am  undoubtedly, 
“a  prophet  without  honor.”  Up  until 
now,  most  of  this  country’s  war 
plans  have  been  largely  on  paper. 
The  full  demands  on  a  curtailed 
transportation  system  are  yet  to  be 
felt. 

Put  it  down  that  within  18 
months  four-fifths  of  the  trucking 
now  available  to  your  farm  will 
have  vanished  from  the  roads. 

Farm  Machinery 

The  allotments  of  steel  to  the 
farm  machinery  industry  are  being 
debated  in  Washington  right  now. 
Allotments  for  1943  will  be  between 
20  and  50  per  cent  of  1942  produc¬ 
tion. 

Put  it  down  that  by  the  spring 
and  summer  of  1943  there  will  be 
available  to  you  no  new  machinery 
over  your  replacement  require¬ 
ments. 

Farm  Supplies 

Such  farm  supplies  as  burlap, 
roofing,  and  nails  are  going  to  be 
so  hard  to  buy  that  to  all  practical 


This  summer  we  are  feeding  about  60  (•» 
pigs  at  Larchmont  for  the  August  market. 
They  have  been  on  good  clover  and  al¬ 
falfa  pasture  since  early  May  and  run  to 
a  self-feeder.  They  have  grown  like 
weeds.  Our  little  herd  of  brood  sows 
since  May  have  been  on  Ladino  clover 
pasture  and  despite  the  fact  that  they 
have  not  had  a  single  feeding  of  grain 
are,  if  anything,  getting  too  fat.  Their 
litters  are  due  to  come  in  July. 


grew  the  feed. 

Prices  for  eggs,  milk  and  other 
consumer  supplies  also  will  be  de¬ 
termined  by  government  action.  The 
biggest  influence  in  determining  this 
action  will  be  organized  labor. 

Put  it  down  that  if  you  are  a 
northeastern  poultryman  or  dairy¬ 
man  you  are  bound  to  be  the  vic¬ 
tim  of  a  pincers  movement;  one 
arm  of  which  is  the  farm  organi¬ 
zations  representing  the  felloiv 
who  grew  the  feed ,  the  other  arm 
of  which  is  organized  labor  de¬ 
manding  low  prices  on  meat , 
milk ,  and  eggs. 

s  —  A.  A.— 

WHEN  IT  RAINS 

I  have  had  so  much  to  say  about 
grass  silage  this  spring  and  have  print¬ 
ed  so  many  opinions  on  this  page  that 
I  have  had  hard  work  to  keep  my  own 
thinking  straight. 

When  you  read  this  we  will  have 
our  four  silos  full  of  grass  silage. 
We  finally  followed  the  same  pattern 
in  filling  all  of  our  silos.  We  wilted  the 
material  we  put  in  them  to  a  moisture 


The  farm  labor  situation  here  is  be¬ 
coming  increasingly  serious.  This  is  a 
sparsely  settled  country  which  in  the 
past  has  been  able  to  supply  only  a 
little  more  than  its  regular  labor  needs. 
Seasonal  jobs  such  as  cotton  chopping 
and  picking  have  been  done  largely 
with  transient  labor.  Now  with  the  at¬ 
traction  of  local  defense  projects  and 
with  the  loss  of  men  through  the  draft, 
all  farmers  in  the  valley  are  feeling  a 
real  pinch  now  that  we  are  at  the  peak 
of  the  summer  work  season. 

Expecting  this  situation,  I  have  made 
every  attempt  to  keep  our  own  work 
as  far  ahead  as  the  weather  would 
permit.  To  date,  I  feel  quite  proud  that 
this  has  been  accomplished.  However, 
our  biggest  problem  now  lies' in  keep¬ 
ing  our  irrigation  going.  Trained  irri¬ 
gators  have  been  short  for  over  a  year. 

Irrigation  is  one  of  the  few  farm  jobs 
left  that  has  not  been  and  cannot  be 
mechanized  to  some  degree.  It  requires 
both  skill  and  hard  work.  Irrigators 
have  accordingly  been  drawn  to  the 
seemingly  easier  jobs  of  driving  trac¬ 
tor  and  operating  other  farm  imple¬ 
ments.  No  young  boys  are  being  train¬ 
ed  in  the  art,  so  that  it  seems  that  for 
the  future  there  will  be  a  shortage  of 
.good  irrigators,  war  or  no  war. 

HOGS 

The  effects  and  ravages  of  erysipelas 
in  our  hogs  are  now  apparently  subsid¬ 


ing.  There  are  still  manifestations  of 
the  disease,  which  it  now  seems  ap¬ 
parent  that  we  will  be  unable  to  control 
completely.  My  program  is  to  keep  the 
sows  as  free  of  the  disease  as  possible, 
and  to  concentrate  on  immunizing  each 
new  litter  as  it  appears.  We  are  now 
vaccinating  each  new  litter  when  the 
pigs  are  a  day  old.  The  effects  of  this 
are  already  showing  up  in  the  increas¬ 
ed  vitality  of  the  pigs  over  what  we 
had  normally  come  to  expect. 

SHEEP 

Soon  we  will  clean  up  our  sheep 
operations  for  the  year.  At  the  pres¬ 
ent  time  we  have  750  sheep  of  vary¬ 
ing  age  and  class  from  spring  lambs 
to  summer  ewes.  They  have  been  on 
alfalfa  pasture  since  early  spring  and 
have  done  exceptionally  well.  Only  a 
few  individuals  are  not  fat.  We  have 
lost  none  from  bloat. 

Our  first  move  will  be  to  cut  out  and 
ship  a  car  of  feeder  lambs,  spring 
lambs  and  fat  ewes.  When  this  first  car 
has  been  cut  out  of  the  flock,  the  re¬ 
mainder  will  again  be  cut  into  two 
classes  by  the  weaning  of  the  lambs. 
The  lambs  will  be  put  in  choice  pas¬ 
tures  for  the  summer  and  later  into 
the  feed  lot  for  finishing  just  before 
Christmas.  The  old  ewes  will  be  mar¬ 
keted  as  butcher  stock  as  soon  as  they 
recover  from  weaning. 

June  7,  1942. 


i 


Anerican  Agriculturist,  July  4,  1942 


23  (401) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 

By  ctf-  <£•  Codline 


PENNIES! 

“I  received  a  letter  from  a  company 
who  call  themselves  the  National  Admin¬ 
istrators.  They  said  there  was  some 
money  being  held  for  me.  I  filled  out  the 
questionnaire  they  enclosed,  and  a  few 
days  later,  I  received  a  penny  post  card 
with  a  penny  pasted  on  it.  On  the  card 
it  said,  “This  is  the  total  amount  of 
money  held  in  trust  for  you,  please  do 
not  communicate  with  us  further.’’  What 
kind  of  business  are  they  running?” 

We  have  heard  of  several  concerns 
that  send  out  letters  of  this  sort.  Some 
of  them  at  least,  are  agencies  that  col¬ 
lect  over-due  bills,  and  these  cards  are 
sent  out  in  an  attempt  to  verify  the 
address  of  a  debtor.  Apparently,  if  they 
have  a  debtor  named  Smith  in  a  town, 
they  send  cards  to  every  Smith  in  it 
in  order  to  verify  the  first  name  of  the 
debtor,  and  to  find  out  for  certain  if 
he  is  still  there.  Then,  they  bring  what¬ 
ever  pressure  they  can  to  collect  the 
bill. 

The  receipt  of  such  a  letter  does  not 
necessarily’ mean  that  they  are  trying 
to  collect  money  from  you;  it  might  be 
some  other  person  with  the  same  name. 
Naturally,  the  thing  to  do  is  to  ignore 
it.  It  would  appear  that  the  penny  is 
sent  in  order  to  keep  them  clear  of  the 
law. 

— a.  a. — 

ONE  DOLLAR  LICENSES 

You  recently  mentioned  a  $1  truck 
license  for  New  York  farmers.  What  does 
it  cover,  and  where  can  I  get  one?  . 

These  $1  farm  truck  licenses  are 
available  from  the  Commissioner  of 
Motor  Vehicles  or  from  any  local  office. 
They  are  good  for  use  on  the  highways 
only  on  a  specified  route  between  two 
parts  of  the  same  farm  or  between  a 
farm  and  rented  land.  These  licenses 
are  made  available  because  farm  or¬ 
ganizations  maintained  that  trucks 
used  principally  on  farms  should  not 
be  required  to  take  out  a  regular 
license,  even  though  it  was  necessary 
to  travel  on  the  highway  to  get  from 
one  part  A  a  farm  to  another. 

— a.  a. — 

PAY  FOR  FENCE 
VIEWERS 

I  appealed  to  an  Assessor  in  his  capa¬ 
city  as  Fence  Viewer.  I  wanted  him  to 
serve  notice  on  my  neighbor  to  maintain 
his  part  of  the  line  fence,  which  he  did. 
He  tells  me  that  his  charges  are  $6.  It 
was  my  impression  that  Fence  Viewers 
in  New  York  State  made  no  charge  for 
their  services.  Is  his  bill  legitimate? 

The  New  York  State  Department  of 
Taxation  and  Finance  tells  us  that  the 
law  does  state  that  Fence  Viewers 
should  be  paid;  and  in  the  opinion  of  a 
past  Attorney-General,  the  compensa¬ 
tion  of  Fence  Viewers  was  as  follows: 
when  acting  as  Fence  Viewers,  $1.50 
per  day;  in  matters  relating  to  strays, 
ten  cents  per  mile  from  residence  to 
place  where  strays  were  kept,  and 
seventy-five  cents  for  certificate;  in 
cases  of  sheep  killed  by  dogs,  $2.00 
per  day. 

— a.  a.  — 

DOGS  AND  SHEEP 

Is  it  possible  in  New  York  to  get  indem¬ 
nities  for  sheep  that  are  chased  by  dogs, 
even  though  none  of  them  is  killed? 

The  answer  is  “yes”.  The  New  York 
State  Law  states  that  an  owner  of 
domestic  animals  that  are  attacked, 
chased,  worried,  injured,  or  killed  by 
dogs  shall  immediately  notify  the  near¬ 
est  Assessor.  If  the  damage  is  less  than 
$50,  he  makes  a  report  to  the  County 
Treasurer.  If  it  is  more  than  $50,  he 
has  to  call  in  the  other  Assessors.  The 
owner  of  the  animals  gets  a  Certifi¬ 
cate  of  Indemnity  from  the  County 


Treasurer,  which  is  paid  on  presenta¬ 
tion  to  the  County  Treasurer. 

If  the  owner  of  the  stock  is  not  sat¬ 
isfied,  he  can  appeal  to  the  Commis¬ 
sioner  of  Agriculture  within  ten  days. 

If  the  County  Treasurer  feels  the 
amount  is  too  large,  he  likewise  can 
appeal  to  the  Commissioner,  who  acts 
as  arbitrator. 

If  the  damage  proves  to  be  greater 
than  first  estimated,  the  owner  of  the 
stock  can  put  in  a  claim  for  supple¬ 
mental  damages  any  time  within  six 
months. 

—  A.  A.— 

PIJLLORIJM  TROITDLES 

Pullorum  disease  in  chickens  probab¬ 
ly  causes  more  disputes  between  cus¬ 
tomers  and  hatcheries  than  any  other 
one  thing.  Some  hatcheries  advertise 
that  breeding  stock  is  blood  tested  un¬ 
til  no  reactors  are  found.  Such  hatch¬ 
eries  usually  charge  more  for  chicks, 
but  most  authorities  agree  that  they  1 
are  worth  it. 

Other  hatcheries  blood  test  breeding 
stock  and  remove  reactors,  but  there 
is  always  a  possibility  that  the  test 
does  not  get  every  hen  that  has  the 
disease. 

Why  does  a  poultryman  have  trouble 
with  pullorum  one  year  and  not  an¬ 
other?  Probably  because  one  bunch  of 
chicks  gets  overheated  or  chilled,  or  in 
some  way  gets  a  set-back.  Under  such 
conditions,  the  disease  (if  present)  will 
develop.  When  this  does  happen,  it  is 
not  exactly  fair  to  label  the  hatchery 
as  unreliable.  Most  hatcherymen  are 
conscientious.  They  are  working  con¬ 
tinually  to  put  out  better  chicks,  but 
they  cannot  guarantee  that  chicks  will 
live. 

—  a.  a. — 

TOO  MUCH  SYMPATHY 

“Recently,  a  young  man  called  at  my 
home  and  said  he  h'ad  won  a  prize  on  the 
Major  Bowes  Hour,  but  had  to  make  1000 
points  selling  magazines  in  order  to  get 
a  musical  scholarship.  I  subscribed  to 
two  magazines,  and  after  he  had  gone, 

I  noticed  that  I  had  to  send  $3.00  to  the 
company  before  they  will  send  the 
magazine.” 

We  wrote  Major  Bowes  telling  him 
of  this  incident.  He  stated  that  he 
had  received  two  similar  letters,  one 
from  Ohio,  and  the  other  from  Cali¬ 
fornia.  He  closed  by  saying  that  there 
was  no  truth  in  the  young  man’s  story. 
That  is  what  we  expected  him  to  say, 
but  we  wanted  a  definite  statement 
from  him.  Obviously,  this  is  an  at¬ 
tempt  to  play  on  the  sympathies  of 
the  people.  # 

The  agency  the  young  man  repre¬ 
sented  is  what  is  called  a  two-pay  com¬ 
pany.  The  down  deposit  goes  to  the 
agent  as  his  commission,  and  the  bal¬ 
ance  has  to  be  sent  to  the  company. 

When  you  buy,  buy  on  the  merits 
of  the  proposition  submitted;  sympathy 
is  a  poor  guide. 

—  a.  a. — 

We  would  appreciate  very  much  any 
information  as  to  the  home  address  of 
Mr.  J.  Benderson.  We  understand  that 
Mr.  Benderson  buys  broken  glass  and 
perhaps  other  junk  material.  His  busi¬ 
ness  address  is  53  Bulls  Head  Station, 
Rochester,  New  York. 

—  a.  a. — 

“The  Service  Bureau  is  certainly  a 
great  thing  for  us  subscribers,  as  this 
is  the  second  time  you  have  been  able 
to  get  money  for  me  which  would  pay 
for  the  paper  for  many  years.  I  also 
get  a  great  deal  of  information  and 
entertainment  from  the  rest  of  the 
paper.  Thanking  you  once  again  for 
your  help  in  this  matter.” — D.  T. 


Son  Killed  in  Accident - 

Mother  Receives  $1000  Check 


Mrs.  Catherine  Colby,  Holley,  N.  Y .,  is  shown  receiving  a  $1000  check 
from  the  North  American  Agent,  Charles  E.  Crowley. 


HER  SON,  James,  age  17, 
was  trying  to  work  the 
farm  and  also  to  work  at  the 
General  Motors  plant  in  Roches¬ 
ter.  He  worked  in  the  factory 
from  four  in  the  afternoon  un¬ 
til  midnight. 

It  was  one  of  those  warm 
nights  back  in  April  and  he  was 
driving  back  home  along  the 
Ridge  Road.  He  was  very  tired 
after  a  long  day  of  hard  work. 
With  just  a  few  miles  to  go  he 
fell  asleep  at  the  wheel.  The 
car  left  the  road  and  rolled  over 
several  times. 

They  found  him  unconscious 
underneath  his  car.  They  took 
him  to  the  Albion  Hospital  but 
he  never  came  to  —  and  died 


at  the  hospital  the  next  day. 

When  our  agent  arrived  with 
the  check  for  Mrs.  Colby  he 
found  her  out  in  a  large  field 
setting  tomato  plants  by  hand. 
Her  daughter  and  an  old  man 
were  helping  her.  Her  son  was 
one  of  the  fastest  planters 
around,  but  now  he  is  gone. 

The  loss  of  Mrs.  Colby’s  son 
has  left  a  big  gap  on  the  farm 
— a  gap  which  the  North  Am¬ 
erican  check  of  $1000.00  will 
help  fill.  She  needs  help,  but 
hired  men  are  hard  to  get  and 
they  demand  high  wages. 

Below  is  copy  of  check  de¬ 
livered  to  Mrs.  Colby. 


New  York  '' 

w  So. -sf22-  »  xieiA  ^insurance 

Kortll  kmrr  wtt  -^  tto  ^  ^  str„,  fctk 

‘  «*•*•  Hay  19  _«-* 


(fUjrrk  Sfa- 


r-.-iaAm  Examiner. 


FO„M  4  40-0 


Hecp.  'IjauSi  Policy  Pencwedl 


North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co 

Oldest  and  Carfest  Exclusive  J{eaft(  and  Occident  Company  in  America 
N  A  ASSOCIATES  DEPARTMENT  POUGHKEEPSIE.  N  Y. 


Both  at  Home  and  Abroad. . . 

A  SLAVE  WORLD 

A  FREE  WORLD 

f 

■  I  ■■■■■■■■■I  are  at  War! 

/*-  )  , 


Sober  and  Conservative  Farm  Opinion 
Must  Save  the  Day  For  Democracy- 
Must  Keep  the  Torch  of  Liberty  Alight 


THIS  war  goes  deeper  than  most  of  us  think. 
It  is  more  than  a  battle  between  the  Axis 
powers  and  the  United  Nations.  More  than 
the  insane  babblings  of  a  Hitler  or  the  insolent 
grabbings  of  a  Hirohito.  It  is  a  deep  and  funda¬ 
mental  clash  of  opinion  ...  a  clash  between 
those  who  believe  in  democracy  and  those  who 
believe  in  autocracy. 

On  one  side  is  the  belief  that  most  men  were 
born  to  be  slaves  and  need  a  dictator  to  rule 
their  lives.  On  the  other  side  is  the  belief  that 
all  men  are  born  free  and  equal  before  God  and 
the  law  . . .  that  they  are  fully  capable  of  man¬ 
aging  iheir  own  affairs  and  ruling  their  own 
souls. 


This  clash  of  opinion  does  not  end  or  begin  at 
national  boundaries.  We  have  would-be  auto¬ 
crats  and  dictators  in  this  country.  We  have 
men  who  think  that  they  were  born  to  rule,  and 
that  other  men  were  born  to  be  their  slaves. 
Close  at  hand,  we  have  a  ruthless  and  powerful 
labor  baron  ...  a  man  swollen  with  pride  and 
ambition  ...  a  man  bloated  with  the  sense  of  his 
personal  power. 

This  man  thinks  farmers  need  a  master.  This 
man  thinks  he  can  make  farmers  his  personal 
slaves  . . .  that  he  can  tell  them  how  to  organize 
their  lives  and  businesses  .  .  .  what  they  shall 
think,  and  who  the  leaders  of  their  local  farm 
organizations  shall  be. 


The  League  Opposes  All  Autocrats 


The  Dairymen's  League  Cooperative  Association  was  formed  22  years  ago  to  combat  just  such  autocratic  ideas  and 
oppressions.  The  League  was  formed  to  make  all  men  realize  that  farmers  are  born  free  and  equal  with  all  other  classes  of 
citizens  . .  .  and  that  their  equality  must  be  respected  in  the  economic  as  well  as  in  the  political  world.  The  League  was 


formed  to  lift  farmers  from  the  depths  of  economic  slavery  and  to  put  them  on  a 
plane  of  complete  and  workable  freedom  where  they  acknowledge  no  masters, 
and  accept  no  outside  authority  in  the  conduct  of  their  businesses. 

Under  League  leadership,  patient,  conservative  and  constructive  farm  effort 
and  opinion  has  overthrown  the  power  and  pretense  of  autocracy  wherever  it 
has  lifted  its  head  during  the  last  22  years.  LET  THE  FIGHT  GO  ON!  In  a  war 
between  a  slave  world  and  a  free  world,  farmers  can  take  only  one  side.  As 
between  the  autocratic  idea  of  compulsory  obedience  to  a  master,  or  voluntary 
cooperation  with  their  equals,  the  self-respecting  farmer  has  only  one  choice. 
And  that  choice  is  The  League  way — the  way  of  FREEDOM,  COOPERATION  and 
DEMOCRACY — the  way  that  the  great  mass  of  farmers  believe  in  and  have  been 
willing  to  fight  for  since  time  began. 


AMERICAN 

GRICU  LTURIST 


FOUNDED  1842 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 


JULY  18,  1942 


All  Out 


THE  START  of  the  present 
g  ^  world-wide  conflict,  American  Agri- 
M  m  culturist,  the  oldest  farm  paper  in 
I  W  America,  cleared  its  decks  for  action. 

Then  it  went  all-out  in  its  determi¬ 
nation  to  work  side  by  side  with  our 
farmers  to  produce  the  food  necessary  to  win 
this  war,  and  to  help  the  farmer  and  his  fam¬ 
ily  maintain  the  courage  needed  to  work 
against  almost  overwhelming  difficulties.  We 
exist  only  to  help  farmers  and,  through  them, 
to  help  America.  Your  job  and  your  respon¬ 
sibility  are  ours  also. 

Not  even  farmers  themselves  realized  at 
first  the  tremendous  responsibility  resting  on 
their  shoulders  to  produce  the  food  necessary 
to  win  this  war.  The  Government  asked  them 
to  increase  the  production  of  nearly  all  food 
products,  some  as  much  as  25  per  cent  over 
last  year.  But  long  before  there  was  any  talk 
of  this  kind,  the  editors  of  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  began  to  present  the  facts  to  our  read¬ 
ers,  emphasizing  the  fact  that  lack  of  food 
might  lose  the  war.  Just  think  of  it.  There 
are  only  six  million  farrpers  in  the  United 
States.  This  small  number  must  feed  our  own 
one  hundred  and  thirty  million  people,  and 
produce  much  of  the  food  for  our  allies.  We 
have  had  several  good  crop  years.  These  could 
easily  be  followed  by  several  bad  years,  re¬ 
sulting  in  a  food  shortage  that  would  be  dis¬ 
astrous  to  our  cause. 

Since  the  war  began,  therefore,  American 
Agriculturist  has  emphasized  this  great  re¬ 
sponsibility  for  food  production,  and  we  have 
filled  our  columns  from  cover  to  cover  with 
right-down-to-the-earth  articles  that  you  can 
read  in  a  few  minutes,  articles  that  apply  to 
your  immediate  everyday  problems  of  food 
production. 


Farmers 

AND  THE  War 

i 

Htf,  o.  ft.  oaAtmcm 


★  ★  ★ 


“On  thousands  of  farms,  middle-aged  and  older  men  are  left  to  maintain  the 
Farm  Front.  To  produce  the  food  necessary  to  win  this  war,  farmers  are  work¬ 
ing  from  before  dawn  until  after  dark  and  far  beyond  their  physical  strength.” 


Farm  Labor  fnt  in  Half 

Faced  with  the  necessity  of  producing  the 
most  food  in  the  history  of  agriculture,  farm¬ 
ers  at  the  same  time  have  less  labor  than  they 
have  ever  had  before.  Some  of  their  sons  are 
being  drafted,  many  more  have  enlisted,  and 
thousands  of  others  have  left  to  work  in  city 
factories.  The  result  is  that  the  farm  labor 
supply  is  only  about  half  of  normal,  and 
monthly  wages  of  hired  help  have  increased 
from  30  to  35  per  cent  in  less  than  a  year.  On 
thousands  of  farms,  only  middle-aged  and 
older  men  are  left  to  maintain  the  Farm  Front 
and  to  carry  on  the  hard  work  of  food  pro¬ 
duction.  To  do  this,  farmers  are  working  from 


before  dawn  until  after  dark  and  far  beyond 
their  physical  strength. 

Farm  Front  Volunteers 

To  help  this  farm  labor  situation,  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist  has  organized  the  American 
Farm  Front  Volunteers,  the  chief  purpose  of 
which  is  to  convince  skilled  young  farmers 
that  they  can  better  serve  their  country  right 
on  the  farm  raising  food  than  they  could  in 
the  armed  forces.  The  certificate  and  button 
which  we  issue  free  of  charge  to  young  men 
who  qualify  helps  to  prove  their  patriotism 
to  them  and  to  their  neighbors. 

Furthermore,  members  of  American  Agri¬ 


culturist  staff  are  constantly  bringing  to  the 
attention  of  draft  boards  of  the  Northeast  in¬ 
dividual  cases  of  farm  workers  who  we  think 
should  be  deferred  in  order  to  stay  on  the 
Farm  Front. 

For  More  Farm  Machinery 

Realizing  that  with  farm  help  fast  disap¬ 
pearing,  farm  machinery  becomes  more  im¬ 
portant  than  ever,  we  of  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  have  been  working  for  over  a  year  now 
with  farm  leaders  and  with  government  au¬ 
thorities  to  secure  more  liberal  and  more 
practical  priorities  for  the  manufacture  of 
farm  machinery.  THE’''*  (Turn  to  Page  12) 


ADJUSTING  THE  COMBINE  -  See  Page  6. 


JULY  18, 


19  4  2 


The  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative 
is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


Poultry  men  Act 
to  Check  Rising 
Feed  Costs 


Just  because  there’s  still  money  to  be  made  in  the  production  of  table  eggs  for  market 
is  no  reason  for  letting  feed  costs  jump  up  unnoticed.  That’s  the  way  a  lot  of  good 
poultrymen  feel  nowadays  and  they’re  past  the  talking  stage.  They’re  ready  for  action. 

When  the  federal  government  released  some  of  its  huge  wheat  holdings  for  animal 
feeding,  poultrymen  jumped  right  in  and  took  their  share,  because  it  cut  feed  costs 
safely. 

Here  in  the  Northeast,  thousands  of  good  poultrymen  are  giving  special  attention  to 
their  grass  pastures.  This  is  another  sound  way  of  cutting  the  feed  bill  without  sacrific¬ 
ing  a  thing  in  results. 

Others  have  asked  about  mash  costs.  They  don’t  want  quality  lowered,  but  they 
want  mash  makers  to  look  over  the  formulas  for  safe  and  satisfactory  ways  of  checking- 
rising  prices.  One  poultryman  with  5,000  hens  was  specific  when  he  asked,  “With  bran 
and  middlings  so  high  and  whole  feeding  wheat  so  much  cheaper,  why  can’t  part  or  all 
of  the  mill  feeds  be  replaced  with  ground  or  crushed  whole  wheat?” 

When  poultry  keepers  brought  such  questions  directly  to  their  own  organization, 
G.L.F.,  they  got  action.  Here’s  the  way  G.L.F.  tackled  the  problem: 


STEP  1 . . . 


E.  W.  Stuhr 


Ed  Stuhr,  head  feed 
and  grain  buyer  for 
G.L.F. ,  made  a  thor¬ 
ough  study  of  all  the  in¬ 
gredient  markets  and 
reported : 

“The  flour  mills  have 
little  export  trade  and 
are  running  far  below 
capacity.  They’re  not 
turning  out  as  much 
bran  and  middlings  as  they  did.  This  will  prob¬ 
ably  continue  throughout  the  war. 

“Canada  is  in  the  same  fix  and  won’t  let  any  of 
its  mill  feeds  come  into  the  U.  S. 

“Bran  and  midds  are  at  ceiling  prices  and  Mr. 
Henderson  has  just  raised  the  ceiling. 

“We  depend  on  Argentine  cracklings  for  quite 
a  bit  of  our  meat  scrap.  But  the  submarines  have 
practically  shut  off  these  supplies. 

“What  few  commercial  fishing  boats  the 
government  hasn’t  already  taken  over  for  war 
purposes,  are  not  too  eager  to  ply  their  trade 
among  the  U-boats.  So,  fish  meal  is  getting 
scarcer  and  scarcer.” 


w.  D.  McMillan 


STEP  2 . . . 

G.L.F.  Director  of 
Research,  W.  D.  Mc¬ 
Millan,  who  constantly 
watches  the  experi¬ 
mental  work  on  poultry, 
went  to  the  nutrition¬ 
ists  of  the  three  state 
colleges  in  G.L.F.  ter¬ 
ritory  for  advice. 

STEP  3 _ 

G.L.F.  mash  formulas  were  changed  in  accord¬ 
ance  with  the  best  information  available.  The 
changes  were  not  at  all  drastic,  but  will  relieve 
the  pressure  on  supplies  and  prices.  No  change  in 
the  protein,  vitamin,  or  mineral  content  was  made. 

To  be  specific: 

Half  the  bran  and  middlings  were  replaced  with 
crushed  whole  wheat  in  all  mashes. 

Meat  scraps  and  fish  meal  were  reduced  to  2% 
each  in  several  mashes,  and  soybean  oil  meal  in¬ 
creased.  Minerals  were  adjusted. 

These  changes  in  formulas,  which  are  now  in 
effect,  will  help  considerably  to  hold  mash  costs 
down. 


OPERATIVE  G.L.F.  EXCHANGE,  INC.,  ITHACA,  N.Y. 


THE  FARM  FRONT 


Highlights  from  G.L.F.’s 
Weekly  Radio  Report 


FARMERS  STRETCH 
BURLAP  SUPPLIES 


How  farmers 
working  together 
through  their 
own  organiza¬ 
tions  can  solve  their  own  problems  is  il¬ 
lustrated  in  the  following  report  on  bags. 

When  burlap  imports  were  practically 
shut  off  last  winter,  farmers  faced  the  very 
real  possibility  of  having  to  take  their 
feed,  and  possibly  some  other  farm  sup¬ 
plies,  in  bulk  unless  they  could  make  their 
own  supplies  of  burlap  bags  last  for  many 
months.  They  did  just  that. 

In  response  to  the  appeals  of  their 
G.L.F.  hired  men,  dairy  farmers  and 
poultry  farmers  brought  back  burlap  bags 
at  a  greater  rate  than  ever  before.  They 
came  in  so  fast  that  for  a  few  weeks  the 
bag  reconditioners  were  actually  swamped. 
By  taking  care  of  their  bags  and  returning 
them  promptly  and  in  good  order,  G.L.F. 
patrons  have  kept  their  supply  of  bags 
rotating  and  on  the  job  long  enough  for 
tFeir  feed  mills  to  build  a  moderate  re¬ 
serve  of  cotton  bags. 

_  This  doesn’t  mean  that  we  can  now  be¬ 
gin  letting  down  on  the  bag  program — • 
far  from  it!  Cotton  bags  also  are  scarce. 
Burlap  still  must  be  conserved.  Every  bag 
should  be  emptied  as  quickly  as  possible 
and  returned  in  good  shape.  In  this  way 
you  can  keep  bulk  shipments  away  for  a 
long  time  to  come,  and  keep  the  net  pack¬ 
age  cost  of  your  feed  low. 


SAVE  EMPTY 
CONTAINERS 


Package  changes  con¬ 
tinue  to  make  news. 
The  WPB  has  issued 
Suggestions  for  curtail¬ 
ing  sizes  and  thickness  of  paperboard  con¬ 
tainers  for  butter  and  ice  cream;  designs 
for  some  glass  containers  have  been  frozen 
to  existing  molds,  and  similar  plans  are 
underway  for  simplifying  all  other  glass 
containers. 

The  day  may  even  come  when  jars  will 
be  made  and  closed  with  paper,  cello¬ 
phane  or  other  non-permanent  materials. 
So  the  Consumer  Division  of  the  OPA 
offers  this  advice  to  homemakers:  Save  as 
many  durable  containers  and  container 
tops  as  you  can.  Save  your  empty  spice 
cans  and  baking  powder  tins.  Some  dry 
foods  soon  will  be  available  only  in  paper 
packages — coffee,  for  example.  So  save 
your  coffee  cans. 


ORDER  EARLY 
AT  LOW  COST 


The  1942  pack  of 
canned  fruits  will  cost 
1 5  per  cent  more,  Leon 
TI  end  Arson  has  an¬ 
nounced.  This  price  increase  will  not  apply 
to  goods  now  in  distributors’  hands,  since 
they  are  governed  by  the  March  level  of 
prices  established,  in  the  Maximum  Price 
Regulation.  But  the  ceiling  on  the  new 
pack  is  up  15  per  cent.  One  way  to  save 
part  of  this  increase  is  to  order  your  supply 
of  canned  foods  in  advance — in  case  lots — 
through  your  G.L.F.  Service  Agency.  This 
case-lot,  advance  order  method  of  buying 
canned  foods  is  the  most  efficient  and  eco¬ 
nomical  plan  yet  developed  for  getting 
these  foods  from  producer  to  consumer. 


*The  Farm  Front  Today 

Every  MONDAY  on  these  Stations 
Watertown 
Rochester 
Syracuse 
Troy 

Bridgeton 
Newburgh 
Scranton 
Buffalo 

Also  G.L.F.  newscasts  over  Station 
WHCII,  Ithaca,  Dial  870,  every  day 
at  7:00  A.M.;  7:50  A.M.;  12:00 
Noon;  7:30  P.M. 


WATN 

12:05 

P.M. 

WHAM 

7:12 

A.M. 

WSYR 

12:35 

P.M. 

WTRY 

12:15 

P.M. 

WSN.I 

12:30 

P.M. 

WGNY 

1:05 

P.M. 

WGBT 

7:00 

A.M. 

WBEN 

12:50 

P.M. 

American  Agriculturist,  July  18,  1942 


3  (405) 


YOU*.  YOUR  FARM 

a/id  Tfe  WA 


WHY  PRICE  CONTROL? 

Understanding  of  reasoning  back  of 
price  ceilings  may  help  to  reduce  un¬ 
avoidable  irritation  and  increase  com¬ 
pliance.  Chief  idea  is  to  hold  down  war 
costs  now,  prevent  runaway  prices,  fol¬ 
lowed  by  a  disastrous  depression  some 
years  hence. 

Industry,  geared  to  production  of 
munitions,  tanks  and  airplanes,  will 
produce  peace-time  goods  to  value  of 
$69,000,000,000.  National  income  will 
be  about  $117,000,000,000.  After  taxes 
are  paid  and  normal  savings  made,  U. 
S.  consumers  will  have  $86,000,000,000 
with  which  to  buy  $69,000,000,000 
worth  of  products. 

Normally  when  demand  exceeds  sup¬ 
ply,  prices  rise.  Price  control,  properly 
conceived  and  managed,  should  hold 
down  the  lid  and  leave  some  billions 
of  cash  available  for  purchase  of  war 
bonds  .When  price  control  shrinks  your 
profits,  say,  “I  can  stand  a  little  grief 
now  better  than  a  major  depression 
after  the  war.” 

Hole  in  price  control  program,  as 
farmers  see  it,  is  failure  to  clamp  down 
on  rising  wages. 

Possible  results  of  giving  labor  a  free 
hand:  1.  Punctured  price  ceilings  and 
collapse  of  program.  2.  Government 
subsidy  for  manufacturers,  squeezed 
between  rising  costs  and  stationary 
ceiling.  3.  In  the  case  of  farm  prod¬ 
ucts,  lower  prices  to  producers. 

Answer:  Freeze  wage  rates  as  well 
as  commodity  prices! 

— a.  a.  — 

GRAIN  FOR  NORTHEAST 

Congressmen  have  been  arguing  over 
the  selling  of  surplus  grains  at  prices 
below  parity.  President  Rosevelt  took 
a  hand  in  the  scrap  by  declaring  that 
the  only  real  issue  involved  was  wheth¬ 
er  “the  government  should  be  free  to 
use  its  feed  resources  to  produce  food 
for  war-time  effort.”  He  vigorously  sup¬ 
ported  proposal  that  Congress  au¬ 
thorize  sale  of  125,000,000  bushels  of 
wheat  for  feed  purposes  at  a  price 
85%  of  parity.  Such  action,  the  Presi¬ 
dent  stated,  is  essential  if  the  armed 
forces  and  civilians  are  to  get  adequate 
supplies  of  meat,  milk  and  eggs. 

One  result  of  congressional  disagree¬ 
ment  was  failure  to  pass  appropriation 
for  U.S.D.A.  before  end  of  fiscal  year. 
Emergency  action  authorized  the  De¬ 
partment  to  continue  until  appropria¬ 
tions  bill  is  passed. 

— a.  a. — 

SELLING  POULTRY 

It  is  reported  unofficially  that  Mayor 
LaGuardia  will  sign  proposed  New 
York  City  regulations  governing  sale 
of  poultry  on  the  new  Live  Poultry 
Terminal  to  be  opened  soon.  Important 
provisions  are: 

1.  No  longer  can  live  poultry  buyers 
be  licensed  both  as  commissionmen  and 
direct  buyers.  At  hearing  on  proposal, 
it  was  pointed  out  that  in  the  past 
some  buyers  who  operated  both  ways 
followed  this  practice:  when  prices 
were  going  up,  they  would  sell  the  stuff 
they  had  bought  outright  last  and  prof- 
it  by  the  rise;  when  the  market  was 
going  down,  they  would  sell  their  own 
stuff  first  and  let  those  who  consigned 
to  them  on  commission  take  the  lower 
price. 

2.  Under  proposed  regulations, 
weighmasters  will  become  Civil  Ser¬ 


vice  employees.  Formerly  they  were 
Union  men  hired  by  the  buyer. 

3.  All  poultry  will  be  sold  by  grade. 

Although  the  proposals  were  fought 
by  the  New  York  City  poultry  dealers, 
poultrymen  can  see  nothing  wrong 
with  them  and  believe  they  will  correct 
some  of  the  bad  practices  in  the  poultry 
market. 

I 

—  A.  A.  — 

MILK  COOLERS 

When  regulations  went  into  effect 
preventing  the  manufacture  and  sale 
of  refrigerating  equipment,  milk  coolers 
were  not  specifically  exempted.  It  is 
ruled,  therefore,  that  they  are  includ¬ 
ed;  but  steps  are  being  taken  to  cor¬ 
rect  the  situation  because  milk  coolers 
are  essential  to  the  war  effort. 

If  mix-up  is  not  straightened  out 
promptly  and  you  need  an  electric  milk 
cooler,  see  your  dealer.  He  will  help 
you  fill  out  a  PD1A  application  which 
should  enable  you  to  buy  one. 

— A  a.  — 

EGG  CASES 

An  amendment  to  maximum  price 
regulations  on  used  egg  cases  automa¬ 
tically  licenses  all  sellers  of  used  egg 
cases.  Only  exception  to  amendment  is 
poultry  cooperatives.  The  amendment 
comes  as  a  result  of  reported  violations 
of  ceiling  prices  on  used  cases,  and  en¬ 
ables  the  government,  if  they  wish,  to 
put  violators  out  of  business  by  can¬ 
celling  license.  In  this  area,  the  price 
ceiling  for  a  reconditioned  egg  case  is 
30c  if  you  go  to  a  retailer  and  buy  it. 

—  a.  a. — 

SAVE  THAT  RASKET 

It  is  generally  believed  that  the  sup¬ 
ply  of  packages  for  farm  produce  will 
be  fairly  adequate  for  this  season’s 
crop,  but  next  year  may  be  another 
story.  It  is  exceedingly  important  that 
no  boxes  or  crates  be  destroyed  any¬ 
where  along  the  line.  This  fact  is  being 
impressed  on  wholesalers,  retailers, 
and  consumers  of  fruits  and  vegetables. 

At  present,  Army  posts  are  taking 
bids  on  all  used  containers  on  hand.  It 
has  been  proposed  that  Commanders  be 
authorized  to  sell  used  containers  at 
any  time  to  any  buyer  at  ceiling  prices. 

—  a.  a.  — 

TIRE  SHORTAGE 
NO  DREAM 

Conflicting  statements  have  caused 
considerable  confusion  relative  to  the 
gas  and  tire  situation.  Here  are  a  few 
figures  to  set  you  straight.  In  this 
country  we  normally  consume  700,000 
tons  of  rubber  a  year.  Before  Decem¬ 
ber  7,  some  reserves  were  accumulat¬ 
ed,  perhaps  enough  for  a  normal  year’s 
supply;  but  this  is  being  used  by  the 
war  machine  we  are  building. 

This  year  we  may  import  41,000  tons 
from  Brazil,  produce  28,000  tons  from 
the  Guayule  plant,  a  shrub  which  grows 
in  the  southwest,  and  may  manufac¬ 
ture  28,000  tons  of  synthetic  rubber, — 
a  total  of  97,000  tons,  compared  to 
normal  consumption  of  700,000  tons. 

In  1943,  we  may  manufacture  as 
much  as  350,000  tons  of  synthetic  rub¬ 
ber,  and  this  amount  will  probably  be 
increased  in  1944,  a  large  part  of  which 
will  be  required  by  the  Army.  The 
net  result  is  that  present  tires  on 
private  cars  must  last  one,  two,  or 
maybe  3  years.  Figure  accordingly. 


THE  NATIONAL  JOY  SMOKE 


taste  &  fN* 


&T£tS 


OUT 


No  more  “bite”  on 
the  fish-hook  than  in 
the  pipe  for  smiling 
“Jess”  Carmichael 
( above  and  right). 
“Prince  Albert 
burns  cooler,”  says 
“Jess”;  “there’s  no 
other  tobacco  like  it!” 


In  recent  laboratory  “smoking 
bowl”  tests,  Prince  Albert  burned 


DEGREES 

COOLER 


than  the  average  of  the  30  other 
of  the  largest -selling  brands  tested 
...coolest  of  all! 


pipefuls  of  fragrant  tobacco 
in  every  handy  pocket  can 
of  Prinre  Alhert 


B.  J.  Keynolds  Tobacco  Company,  Winston- Salem,  North  Carolina 


ft 


PRINCE  ALBERT 

IS  A  GREAT  PAL! 

IT'S  WONDERFULLY 

MILD , 

MELLOW,  AND 
FRAGRANT. 

NEVER  A  SIT  HARSH. 
PA.  BURNS  COOLER, 
PACKS  RIGHT,  AND 
HELPS  A  PIPE  CAKE 
UP  8ETTER,T00.  NO 
OTHER  TOBACCO 
LIKE  IT!  " 


Buy  War  Savings  Bonds  and  Stamps 


(406)  4 


THE- 


American  Agriculturist,  July  18,  1942 


PAPE 


Address  all  mail  for  Editorial  or  Advertis. 
log  departments  to  American  Agriculturist, 
Savings  Bank  Building,  Ithaca.  New  York.  * 


UNFAIR  TO  FARMERS 

N  PAGE  11  there  is  a  report  made  by  R. 
L.  Gillett,  New  York  State  Federal  Agri¬ 
cultural  Statistician,  on  prices  received  by  New 
York  State  farmers  from  the  middle  of  May  to 
the  middle  of  June.  These  prices  are  compared 
with  those  for  the  past  several  years  and  will  be 
of  interest  and  value  to  every  farmer.  Potatoes, 
for  example,  selling  now  for  90  cents  a  bushel, 
were  only  40  cents  at  the  same  time  in  1932,  and 
86  cents  in  1918. 

These  prices  don’t  mean  much,  however,  un¬ 
less  they  are  compared  with  what  farmers’  costs 
of  production  are.  Costs  of  production  have  ad¬ 
vanced  more  rapidly  than  prices  for  what  the 
farmer  sells. 

Consumers  and  the  general  public  in  America 
are  now  being  very  much  misled  by  all  this  talk 
about  parity,  which  means  a  comparison  of  the 
farmer’s  purchasing  power  with  what  it  was  dur¬ 
ing  the  period  from  1910  to  1914.  All  through 
the  depression  and  before,  a  large  majority  of 
farmers  were  selling  their  products  below  the 
costs  of  production,  and  farm  prices  still  are 
not  high  now  compared  to  other  commodities. 
Yet  President  Roosevelt  and  his  Administration 
blame  farmers  because  farmers  naturally  want 
prices  now  that  will  enable  them  to  pay  the  high 
costs  of  labor  and  of  everything  that  they  have 
to  buy.  If  farmers  cannot  meet  these  increasing 
costs,  they  cannot  produce  food  to  win  the  war. 

While  trying  to  put  a  ceiling  on  farm  prices, 
the  Administration  refuses  to  limit  the  rapidly 
rising  wage  level,  which  is  the  chief  item  in  the 
cost  of  everything  the  consumer  buys.  For  ex¬ 
ample,  index  prices  received  by  New  York 
farmers  for  the  month  of  May  this  year  were 
only  144,  compared  with  100  for  the  period  1910 
to  1914,  while  factory  wages  for  the  same  period 
were  303,  or  three  times  as  high  as  they  were  in 
1910-1914.  In  June  the  index  price  of  farm  sup¬ 
plies  was  152,  eight  points  higher  than  the  prices 
for  farm  products. 

Farmers  will  make  just  as  many  sacrifices  as 
any  other  class  of  citizen.  It  is  not  only  unfair 
to  ask  them  to  make  more  sacrifices  than  others, 
but  if  such  sacrifices  interfere  with  food  produc¬ 
tion,  consumers  and  our  allies  will  suffer  even 
more  than  farmers. 

RUCKLING  DOWN  TO  WAR 

AST  WEEK  I  made  a  business  trip  to  a  city 
whose  main  business  right  now  is  producing 
munitions  of  war,  and  it  impressed  me  more 
than  anything  that  I  have  seen  so  far  with  the 
fact  that  America  is  at  last  waking  up  to  the 
greatest  danger  it  has  ever  faced. 

Even  though  I  have  some  relatives  working 
in  the  shops  there,  I  was  unable  to  get  in  to  see 
them.  Not  even  the  employees  themselves  jean 
get  to  their  work  without  wearing  a  button  car¬ 
rying  their  picture.  All  the  shops  were  going  full 
blast  on  July  Fourth,  and  all  of  them  are  now 
producing  more  war  materials  in  a  month  than 
they  were  in  a  year  before  Pearl  Harbor. 

Ringling  Brothers’  Circus  was  scheduled  to 
show  in  this  town,  but  the  permit  was  cancelled 
because  the  extra  crowds  going  to  the  circus 
would  interfere  with  the  war  workers  getting 
back  and  forth  to  work.  In  relating  this  incident, 

a  man  told  me  that  in  that  town  nothing  was 

permitted  to  interfere  with  the  vital  job  of  pro¬ 

ducing  war  materials.  The  same  man  told  me 

about  a  woman  who  was  riding  on  a  bus  in  that 
city  and  talking  too  loudly  and  too  much  about 


conditions  in  a  soldiers’  camp  that  she  had  just 
visited.  Finally,  a  man  arose,  went  up,  tapped 
this  woman  on  the  shoulder,  and  said:  “Lady, 
better  button  your  lip!” 

“Not  very  polite,”  said  the  man  who  was  tell¬ 
ing  me  of  the  incident,  “but  it  shows  how  most 
of  us  feel  in  this  town.” 

A  WORLD  UNITED  STATES 

Y  FRIEND  Harry  E.  Crouch  of  the  New 
York  State  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
Markets  brings  to  my  attention  a  most  interest¬ 
ing  plan  to  insure  a  lasting  peace  after  this  war. 
The  plan  was  first  suggested  by  Mr.  Clarence  K. 
Streit  in  a  book  called  “Union  Now”,  published 
by  Harper  Bros.,  New  York. 

In  brief,  Mr.  Streit  proposes  that  the  coun¬ 
tries  of  the  world  join  in  a  World  Union  just  as 
the  thirteen  American  colonies,  after  quarrelling 
and  bickering  for  years,  joined  together  under 
the  Articles  of  Confederation.  Mr.  Streit  claims 
that  Hitler  never  would  have  dared  plunge  the 
world  into  war  had  there  been  a  union  of  all  the 
constructive  nations  of  the  world. 

Mr.  Streit  suggests  that  no  new  state  or  coun¬ 
try  be  permitted  to  join  such  a  Union  until  it 
has  agreed  to  certain  fundamental  principles  of 
liberty,  truth  and  justice,  just  as  the  colonies 
had  to  agree  to  our  United  States  Constitution 
before  they  were  allowed  to  join. 

Space  will  not  permit  discussing  the  details  of 
Mr.  Streit’s  plan  here,  but  it  would  seem  that 
the  idea  or  something  like  it  is  sound.  One  thing 
is  certain:  if  there  is  to  be  any  permanent  peace, 
there  must  be  closer  cooperation  in  some  form 
or  other  among  the  nations  to  make  outlaw  na¬ 
tions  behave. 

The  idea  is  worth  discussing.  What  do  you 
think?  s 

CROP  AND  GARDEN  NOTES 

ARMERS  are  still  having  difficulty  in  har¬ 
vesting  the  heavy  crop  of  hay.  A  few  have 
finished,  but  on  most  farms  the  job  is  still  going 
strong  the  second  week  in  July.  Those  who  have 
finished  will  soon  be  at  it  again,  getting  in  the 
second  cutting. 

Buckwheat,  the  last  annual  crop  and  the  one 
requiring  the  shortest  season  to  mature,  is  now 
in  the  ground.  In  the  old  days  we  always  used 
to  plant  buckwheat  when  the  chestnut  trees 
were  in  bloom.  That  was  around  the  first  few 
days  in  July.  The  chestnuts  are  gone,  but  that 
is  still  the  right  time  to  sow  buckwheat. 

While  rainy  weather  has.  delayed  haying  in 
most  parts  of  the  Northeast,  it  has  kept  the 
pastures  fresh.  But  with  a  few  days  of  hot  July 
sun,  pasture  grasses  will  stop  growing  and  their 
value  as  a  feed  will  greatly  decrease.  One  good 
dairyman  told  me  recently  that  he  kept  good 
hay  before  his  cows  the  year  around.  Even  when 
pastures  are  at  their  best,  he  said,  a  cow  just 
cannot  eat  enough  grass,  which  is  so  high  in 
water,  to  keep  her  in  good  flesh  and  at  high  pro¬ 
duction.  Many  farmers  now  are  beginning  to 
feed  grass  silage  to  supplement  the  pastures  or 
the  new  hay.  Many  also  are  supplementing  the 
forage  with  suitable  feed  mixtures. 

We  have  the  best  garden,  in  fact  two  of  them, 
that  we  have  ever  had.  But  gardening  is  just 
like  farming  on  a  small  scale.  We  had  150  to¬ 
mato  plants  just  starting  to  blossom  when  they 
began  to  die  without  rhyme  or  reason.  I  looked 
for  cutworms  but  there  were  none.  Then  I  gath¬ 
ered  up  a  couple  of  the  wilteci,  dying  plants  and 
took  them  to  Professor  Chupp,  Plant  Patholo¬ 


gist  at  Cornell  University.  He  said  they  were  af¬ 
flicted  with  cucumber  mosaic.  The  same  disease 
has  now  attacked  our  cucumbers.  Apparently, 
a  number  of  vegetables  are  susceptible.  They 
just  wilt  and  die  and  there  is  no  remedy  except 
to  keep  certain  weeds  away. 

Fortunately,  we  will  have  enough  tomatoes 
from  another  garden,  but  I  cannot  help  but 
think  what  it  would  mean  to  a  farmer  if  he  had 
two  or  three  acres  of  tomatoes,  and  was  largely 
dependent  on  them  for  his  mai'n  cash  crop. 

“Knee-high  the  Fourth  of  July”,  was  the  old 
rule  for  a  good*  growth  of  corn.  We  had  corn 
tasseled  out  and  silking  on  the  Fourth. 

This  year  son  Don  and  I  have  a  race  to  see 
who  gets  the  first  melons.  He  planted  his  in  the 
house  and  transplanted  them.  I  sowed  mine  di¬ 
rectly  in  the  garden,  and  covered  them  with  hot- 
kaps.  One  night  I  caught  him  out  watering  his, 
but  not  mine,  with  water  in  which  he  had  mixed 
some  barnyard  manure.  But  I  still  think  my 
melons  will  be  bigger  and  better  and  ready  to 
eat  before  his  are. 

POISON! 

VERY  YEAR  we  get  several  reports  of 
animals  and  even  children  dying  from 
poisoning. 

Farmers  have  to  have  poison  around  for  vari¬ 
ous  uses,  and  some  of  them  are  too  careless  in 
the  way  it  is  handled  and  stored.  Here  are 
some  suggestions  that  may  save  you  grief: 

1.  Never  store  a  poison  in  the  family  medi¬ 
cine  chest  or  cupboard  with  other  medicine. 

2.  Never  keep  poison  where  it  can  be  reached 
by  a  small  child. 

3.  Beware  of  leaving  empty  paint  pails  where 
stock  can  get  at  them.  For  some  reason, 
some  cattle  love  to  lick  paint.  It  is  deadly 
poison,  and  probably  more  cows  have  died 
from  that  cause  than  from  almost  any 
other  poison. 

4.  In  handling  poisons  for  spraying  purposes 
be  sure  that  none  is  left  uncovered  on  the 
ground  where  any  animal  can  have  access 
to  it. 

5.  In  using  poison  for  rodents,  be  sure  that 
your  cat  or  dog  or  other  farm  animal,  or  a 
child,  cannot  get  to  it. 

If  in  spite  of  all  these  pecautions  someone 
gets  poisoned,  telephone  the  doctor  immediate¬ 
ly  and  give  him  all  the  facts.  Then  start  giving 
the  patient  warm  water.  Put  in  it  soap  or  soda 
or  anything  else  that  will  make  him  vomit. 
Keep  him  drinking  it  and  vomiting  until  the 
doctor  comes. 

EASTMAN’S  CHESTNUT 

Y  NIECE’S  husband  is  an  air-raid  warden 
in  a  big  war  production  manufacturing 
city.  One  night  recently  the  warning  siren  blew, 
and  after  some  difficulty,  my  niece  succeeded  in 
arousing  her  husband.  He  put  on  his  clothes 
hastily,  and  grabbing  his  bicycle  proceeded  to 
make  the  rounds  of  his  district  to  see  that  all 
the  rules  were  being  obeyed. 

He  came  back  and  was  starting  to  undress 
when  his  wife  said: 

“Why,  Cliff,  you  aren’t,  going  back  to  bed  yet, 
are  you?  The  all-clear  signal  hasn’t  blown.” 

“No,”  he  said,  a  little  hesitatingly,  “but  to  tell 
the  truth  I  dressed  in  such  a  hurry  that  I  got 
my  pants  on  wrong-side  before,  and  I  thought 
I’d  take  time  now  to  change  them.” 


A?1^ICUL"t1'U1R1$T,  Conductive  and  Progressive  Since  1842.  Volume  139.  No.  15.  Published  every  other  Saturday  -u  10  North  Cherry  St..  Poughkeepsie.  N.  Y.-Editorial  and 
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American  Agriculturist,  July  18.  1942 


5  (407) 


Jared  Van  Wagenen,  jr 

£r<jxut<feiilt  0-jf  AcyUcultu/ie 
and  Ayvbitle  Qaad  rlt/iU 


III/  JEFFREY  MANNING 


NEW  YORK’S  Assembly  Chamber 
was  jammed  with  people.  Spec¬ 
tators  had  elbowed  one  another  in  the 
galleries  from  late  the  day  before  un¬ 
til  now,  early  morning  of  All  Fool’s 
Day,  1920.  They’d  jostled  and  shoved 
like  herded  cattle  in  a  corral  behind 
the  huge  brass  rail  of  the  floor  protect¬ 
ing  members  from  their  public. 

Witches  were  being  burned  in  the 
lower  house  of  the  Empire  State’s 
Legislature.  Five  Socialist  Assembly- 
men,  swept  up  to  Albany  from  the 
Metropolis’s  East  Side  by  the  surge  of 
Socialism  from  war-debunked  Europe, 
would  know  this  day  if  they  could  hold 
their  seats.  There’d  been  hearings  and 
speeches.  Many  of  them.  For  days, 
weeks.  Now  the  Assembly  was  exer¬ 
cising  its  time-established  prerogative 
to  decide  the  fitness  of  its  member¬ 
ship.  Its  Judiciary  Committee  had 
recommended  the  five  be  ousted.  They 
were  voting  on  the  motion. 

The  clerk  had  neared  the  roll  call’s 
end.  He  was  down  to  the  V’s.  The 
verdict  was  in.  Ayes  had  thundered 
from  a  hundred  throats  to  the  score 
who’d  protested  no.  Ayes  brought 
cheers.  No’s  brought  silence,  rumb¬ 
lings,  an  occasional  hiss. 

“Van  Wagenen!’’  called  the  clerk. 
A  slight,  baldish,  middle-aged  figure 
arose  from  a  back  row  seat  of  the 
minority  side.  The  crowd,  momentarily 
surprised  that  there’d  not  been  another 
promptly  shouted  aye,  was  silent  from 
curiosity.  So  were  members.  They 
turned  in  their  seats  to  eye  the  Scho¬ 
harie  County  legislator  serving  his  first 
term.  If  he  wanted  to  start  his  law¬ 
making  career  on  the  popular  tide  here 
was  his  chance. 

But  Jared  Van  Wagenen,  Jr.,  is 
neither  tide-rider  nor  praise-seeker. 

“I  cannot  learn  from  history  that  it 
has  proved  possible  to  imprison  or  ex¬ 
tinguish  a  false  idea  by  force.  I  re¬ 
member  that  we  are  proud  and  that  we 
boast  of  our  great,  free,  splendid  Am¬ 
erican  democracy.  I  remember  that  the 
procedure  of  this  House  represents  the 
fine  flower  of  representative  govern¬ 
ment  developed  slowly  among  English- 
speaking  folk  during  the  more  than 
seven  centuries  that  lie  between  us  and 
King  John  and  his  barons  at  Runny- 
mead. 

“I  say  that  I  would  wish  to  serve 
the  ancient  and  sacred  forms  of  a  free 
democracy  even  with  such  unworthy 
instruments.  Mr.  Speaker  —  I  shall 
vote  to  seat  these  five  men  with  all 
constitutional  rights  and  privileges, 
but  without  the  honor  of  this  Assem¬ 
bly.” 

There  was  more  he  said  that  day. 
It  was  spoken  extemporaneously,  but 


last  call  for  let¬ 
ter  CONTEST 

Watch  American  Agriculturist  for 
the  prize  letters  on  Horse  and  Bug¬ 
gy  Days  experiences.  They  will  be 
coming  along  in  an  early  issue. 

You  will  remember  that  when 
Carl  Ladd  and  Ed  Eastman  began 
their  serial,  they  announced  a  con¬ 
test,  offering  $15  for  the  best  letter, 
$5  for  the  second,  and  $1  each  for 
the  next  five.  Hundreds  of  inter¬ 
esting  letters  came  in  before  the 
serial  finished,  but  they  are  still 
arriving.  The  judges  are  having  a 
real  job,  but  an  enjoyable  one.  To 
be  considered  in  the  contest,  any 
further  letters  must  be  received  in 
this  office  not  later  than  July  25. 


the  words  were  so  well  chosen  and  the 
thoughts  so  clearly  expressed,  the 
whole  could  serve  for  instruction  in 
the  classrooms  for  public  expression. 
But  its  greater  usefulness  would  be  the 
voicing,  in  simple  and  understandable 
terms,  of  that  great  ideal  of  democracy 
for  which  we  thought  we  waged  the 
last  World  War  and  have  no  doubt 
we’re  fighting  for  this  time.  He  damn¬ 
ed  the  socialist  cause.  But  great  dem¬ 
ocrat  that  he  is,  he  defended  the  fun¬ 
damental  principle  of  democracy  —  the 
right  of  people  to  elect  representatives 
of  their  own  choosing. 

Jared  Van  Wagenen,  Jr.’s  remarks 
that  day  carried  another  significance 
to  the  keen  observer  of  human  beings. 
They  indexed  the  character  of  this  man 
whose  writings  and  journeyings  about 
the  state  and  nation  have  made  him 
the  Evangelist  of  Agriculture  and 
Apostle  of  Good  Will. 

It  took  man-size  courage  to  dissent 
that  day  against  popular  clamor.  But 
any  man  whose  conscience  guides  him 
never  wants  for  courage.  And  Jared 
Van  Wagenen’s  conscience  is  his  guide. 
He  didn’t  return  to  the  Assembly  the 
next  year.  The  politicians  of  his  home 
county  didn’t  have  his  courage.  They 
nominated  someone  else.  But  several 
years  later  the  party  that  had  rejected 
him  to  follow  the  easy  way  came  back 
on  its  knees,  begging  his  tremendous 
influence. 

By  then  there’d  been  a  change  at 
Washington.  What  was  being  done 
with  his  beloved  agriculture  went 
against  the  grain  of  his  sturdy  char¬ 
acter,  whose  family  has  tilled  the  same 
lime-enriched  lands  of  Lawyersville 
more  than  a  century.  He  was  glad  to 
help  the  candidate,  he  told  them,  be¬ 
cause  he  believed  him  qualified.  But 
he  must  be  honest  about  it.  In  any¬ 
thing  he  might  say  he  must  at  the 
same  time  speak  his  mind  frankly 
about  things  in  Washington.  The  poli¬ 
ticians  bit  nails  and  swallowed  hard. 
That  might  complicate  matters  with 
state  and  national  organizations.  But 
expediency  triumphed.  They  knew 
they  couldn’t  win  without  the  help  of 
Van  Wagenen.  He  spoke.  The  candi¬ 
date  won.  And  a  few  years  later  his 
party  came  back  to  Lawyersville  again 
to  name  him  for  the  job  once  denied 
him.  With  a  normal  majority  of  2,500 
against  him,  he  lost  by  only  a  hundred 
votes  —  emphatic  expression  of  pub¬ 
lic  esteem  that  cut  across  party  lines. 

Jared  Van  Wagenen  is  past  the  three 
score  and  ten  now.  You’d  never  sus¬ 
pect  it,  though.  He’s  up  at  five,  day 
in  and  day  out.  There’s  nothing  .on 
the  200  acre  farm  he  can’t  do  —  and 
does.  In  between,  he  sandwiches 
speech  and  article-writing  for  both  of 
which  there’s  always  big  demand.  He 
has  a  fluid  style,  easy  to  read,  enjoy¬ 
able  to  hear.  First  drafts  of  his  writ¬ 
ings,  pounded  out  three  fingers  at  a 
time  by  himself  on  his  typewriter,  are 
generally  final.  That  shows  a  well- 
organized  mind  and  vocabulary. 

Too  often  age  starts  a  gradual  clos¬ 
ing  of  the  mind  to  new  ideas,  a  hard¬ 
ening  of  the  shell  that  lets  no  humor 
pass.  Not  so  with  the  Philosopher  of 
Lawyersville.  He’s  by  the  radio  when 
the  news  comes  in.  He  reads  his  New 
York  newspaper  from  first  to  last 
page,  his  fai’m  papers,  the  latest  in 
good  books.  He  listens  to  every  im¬ 
portant  broadcast.  For  him  education 
is  a  continuing  process  and  radio  and 


modern  press  able  instructors.  Above 
all,  he  maintains  his  perspective  and 
sense  of  humor.  Never  have  the  hon¬ 
ors-  and  recognition  coming  to  him 
down  the  years  affected  him.  He’s  al¬ 
ways  himself  —  genial,  interested,  and 
understanding.  Age  has  touched  his 
hair  and  deepened  the  wrinkles.  But  it 
hasn’t  touched  vitality  or  spirit. 

Religious  devotion  is  a  habit  with 
this  Son  of  the  Soil.  He  comes  natur¬ 
ally  by  affiliation  with  the  Dutch  Re¬ 
formed  Church  of  Lawyersville,  for  the 
Van  Wagenens  were  Dutch.  You’ll 
find  him  in  church  every  Sunday.  For 
years  he’s  been  an  officer.  Sunday  for 
him  is  truly  God’s  day.  He  gives  it 
all  to  Him.  For  some  time  he  sold 
milk  and  cream  at  the  farm,  besides 
farm  machinery.  One  or  the  other 
brings  many  people  to  the  farm  in  a 
week.  They’re  always  welcome.  But 
a  sign  on  the  barn  warns  what  to  ex¬ 
pect  if  business  is  the  purpose  of  the 
Sabbath.  It  reads:  “No  business  tran¬ 
sacted  on  Sunday.” 

One  might  expect  from  all  this  to 
find  Jared  Van  Wagenen  one  of  those 
people  who  concentrate  their  religion 
and  Christianity  into  one  day  of  the 
week.  But  again,  he’s  different.  His 
Christianity  isn’t  something  to  be  put 
on  once  a  week  like  store  clothes  for 
church.  He  practices  every  day  the 
thoughtfulness,  the  kindness,  the  help¬ 
fulness  for  others  which  he  professes 
respectfully  each  Sunday  within  the 
walls  of  the  little  white  church  in 
Lawyersville.  Any  one  who  knows 
him  will  tell  you  this. 

Very  wisely  community  and  state 
have  availed  themselves  of  this  good 
citizen.  He  was  vice-president  of  one 
of  the  county’s  leading  banks  for 
years;  an  officer  of  the  fair  society  and 
is  now  President  of  the  Board  of  the 
State  School  of  Agriculture  at  Coble- 
skill.  He’s  a  past  officer  of  the  State 
Agricultural  Society  and  other  farm  or¬ 
ganizations.  The  well-worded  tributes 
to  Century  Farmers  on  the  occasions 
of  this  Society’s  annual  meeting  are 
his  compositions.  He’s  a  member  of 
the  Technical  Advisory  Board  which 
supervises  the  state’s  milk  advertising 
campaign.  For  some  years  he  was  a 
Farmers’  Institute  speaker.  To  all  of 
these  he  gives  his  best  in  time  and 


The  Amateur  Poet’s 
Corner 


Because  of  the  number  of  contributions 
we  do  not  return  poems  not  published. 
Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

The  limit  in  length  is  sixteen  (16)  lines 
and  each  poem  submitted  for  this  corner 
must  be  original  and  the  work  of  an 
amateur  poet.  Therefore,  when  sending 
in  a  poem,  be  sure  to  state  whether  you 
are  the  author  of  it.  $2.00  will  be  paid 
for  each  one  printed.  Check  will  be  mail¬ 
ed  on  or  about  the  first  day  of  month 
following  publication. 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist ,  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Answer  for  a  Little  Girl 

You  cannot  see  the  wind 
On  tiptoe  in  the  thicket, 

Nor  the  lonely,  piping  call 

Of  the  lost-in-the-dark  child  cricket. 

You  ask  me  what  God  looks  like. 

Dear  heart,  then  think  of  this: 

With  the  light  out,  what  does  it  look 
like, 

Your  mother’s  good-night  kiss? 

— Madeline  Sherman 

East  Northfield,  Mass. 


thought  —  but  never  neglects  the  farm. 

EDITOR’S  NOTE— Jared  also  holds  a 
record  as  an  AMERICAN  AGRICULTUR¬ 
IST  writer.  No  other  person  has  written 
so  many  stories  over  a  period  of  more 
than  20  years. 

His  is  a  voice  and  a  counsel  sorely 
needed  in  these  days  when  the  world 
fights  the  yoke  of  oppression.  His  is 
such  an  impressive  example  of  devo¬ 
tion  to  the  principles  which  have  made 
America  great  that,  held  up  to  our 
people,  one  could  believe  it  would  ac¬ 
complish  far  more  than  fiats  of  the 
power-blasted  bureaucrats,  who  seem 
to  mistake  this  war  to  preserve  de¬ 
mocracy  for  an  opportunity  to  substi¬ 
tute  bureaucracy.  His  day-in-day-out 
helping  of  humanity  demonstrates  to 
the  faint-hearted  and  despairing  what 
Christianity  really  practiced  can  do. 
His  is  a  rounded  life  so  lived  in  de¬ 
votion  to  good  works  that  those  who 
know  him  best  can  sincerely  believe 
his  only  worry,  as  he  goes  to  bed 
nights,  is  how  he  can  help  someone, 
not  how  he  can  hurt  him. 


V75 


■nn 


& 


erM 


A1 


LOT  of  folks  are  worry- 
in’  because  their  tires 
are  gettin’  thin;  they’re  all 
afraid  that  rationing  will 
leave  them  without  anything 
on  which  to  tour  the  country¬ 
side  or  take  their  sweet¬ 
hearts  for  a  ride.  But  I  will 
guarantee  right  here  that 
this  is  really  cause  for  cheer; 
the  young  bucks  in  the 
neighborhood  would  do  them¬ 
selves  a  lot  more  good  if  they 
would  stay  at  home  one  day 
and  polish  up  the  one-horse 
shay.  It  may  be  lots  of  fun 
to  roar  at  sixty  miles  an  hour 
or  more,  but  now  is  that  by 
any  chance  the  way  to  carry 
on  romance?  And  although 
science  has  progressed  since 
days  of  bustle  and  hope 
chest,  a  horse  and  buggy  is, 
I  swear,  still  best  for  court¬ 
in’  ladies  fair. 

I  can  remember  years  ago 
when  I  was  just  Mirandy’s 
beau,  I  never  could  have 
made  progress  at  gettin’  her 
to  say  a  “Yes,”  except  for 
Dad’s  old  faithful  mare,  she 
helped  me  to  prepare  the  snare.  I  never  had  to  worry  ’bout  such  things 
as  tires  when  we  went  out,  there  was  no  need  for  gasoline  and  no  stop¬ 
lights  to  intervene.  The  traffic  on  the  road  was  small,  you  didn’t  have 
to  watch  at  all;  old  Jenny’d  ramble  down  the  lane  without  a  hand  upon 
the  rein.  In  cars  it’s  dang’rous  with  one  hand  to  drive  along  to  beat  the 
band,  but  when  you’re  usin’  one-horse  pow’r  you  ride  along  hour  after 
hour  and  never  have  to  steer  a  bit,  for  all  you  have  to  do  is  sit  and  spout 
away  in  phrases  grand,  or  maybe  even  hold  her  hand.  It’s  mostly  up  to 
you,  of  course,  but  you’ll  get  much  help  from  a  horse. 


(408)  6 


American  Agriculturist,  July  18,  1942 


George  Palmer,  R.  2,  Walton,  N.  Y.  /  Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


laiKE  this  wagon  and  everything  else  around  the  farm, 
rural  telephone  wires  are  carrying  quite  a  load. 

Wartime  production  on  the  land  and  in  tfee  factory 
has  greatly  increased  the  use  of  the  telephone  —  put  an 
added  burden  on  facilities. 

If  there  should  be  an  occasional  delay  in  putting 
your  call  through,  if  you  can’t  get  just  the  type  of  service 
you  want,  we’re  sure  you’ll  understand  it  is  because  war 
needs  must  come  first. 

BELL  TELEPHONE  SYSTEM 


-2!- 


The  Farm  Station 
of  New  England 

WKNE 

LISTEN . 

to  your  kind  of  programs 
at  1290  on  your  radio 


B y  PAUL  R.  HOFF 

Department  of  Agricultural 
Engineering,  Cornell  University. 


the.  Combine 


THE  MEASURE  of  good  combine 
operation  is  clean  grain  in  the  bin 
and.  low  grain  loss  as  the  grain  goes 
through  the  machine.  Both  of  these 
are  possible  with  almost  any  combine 
that  is  correctly  adjusted,  and  if  the 
grain  is  ripe  enough  for  combining 
when  it  is  being  harvested.  Good  com¬ 
bining  is  more  difficult  when  there  is 
a  high  percentage  of  weeds  in  the  crop 
but  correct  adjustment  of  the  com¬ 
bine  reduces  the  trouble  caused  by  the 
weeds. 

TIME  OF  COMBINING 

Grain  should  not  be  harvested  until 
it  is  dead  ripe.  Depending  on  the  sea¬ 
son,  this  may  be  a  week  or  10  days 
after  it  normally  would  be  cut  with  a 
binder.  Green  or  damp  grain  goes 
through  the  combine  with  more  thresh¬ 
ing  loss  than  dry  grain,  and  if  it  is 
stored  in  bins  or  in  bags  piled  close  to¬ 
gether,  the  grain  will  heat  and  mold. 
The  moisture  content  of  the  grain  can¬ 
not  exceed  14.5  per  cent  for  safe  stor¬ 
age.  If  the  grain  feels  damp  or  can 
be  easily  dented  with  the  fingernail, 
the  moisture  content  is  too  high  for 
combining. 

* 

KEEL  ADJUSTMENT 

The  reel  is  adjustable  horizontally 
and  vertically,  and  the  speed  is  also 
adjustable.  In  standing  grain  reason¬ 
ably  free  from  weeds,  the  reel  works 
best  if  the  shaft  is  ahead  of  the  cutter 
bar,  and  the  slates  strike  the  grain  just 
under  the  heads.  If  weeds  are  present 
it  is  desirable  to  cut  a  higher  stubble. 
Then  the  reel  may  need  to  be  lowered 
and  pushed  back  until  the  shaft  is  di¬ 
rectly  over  the  cutter  bar  to  prevent 
the  grain  that  is  cut  but  not  threshed 
from  dropping  to  the  ground.  In  fallen 
and  tangled  grain  it  may  help  if  the 
reel  is  set  low  and  forward. 

Usually  it  is  desirable  to  have  the 
reel  running  at  the  slowest  speed,  un¬ 
less  it  is  observed  that  some  of  the 
cut  grain  is  falling  to  the  ground  ahead 
of  the  cutter  bar.  When  this  happens 
the  reel  speed  may  be  increased.  If 
the  reel  speed  is  too  high,  cut  grain 
may  be  carried  around  the  reel  and 
lost,  or  grain  may  be  shelled  out  of  the 
heads  and  fall  to  the  ground. 

CUTTER  BAR 

The  most  satisfactory  combine  opera¬ 
tion  is  obtained  v/hen  the  cutter  bar  is 
adjusted  to  cut  stubble  that  is  y3  to 
y2  the  height  of  the  standing  grain. 
Only  when  the  straw  is  short  or  the 


crop  is  down  and  lodged,  should  the 
cutter  bar  be  lowered  to  cut  short 
stubble.  Putting  too  much  straw 
through  the  combine  causes  an  over¬ 
loaded  cylinder  and  straw  rack,  with 
resulting  high  grain  loss.  If  it  is 
necessary  to  save  all  of  the  straw,  it 
is  better  to  follow  the  combine  with  a 
mowing  machine,  cutting  a  low  stub¬ 
ble,  rather  than  attempt  to  put  all  of 
the  straw  through  the  combine. 

In  a  very  weedy  field  it  may  be  pos¬ 
sible  to  raise  the  cutter  bar  to  clear 
the  tops  of  the  weeds  or  at  least  high 
enough  to  reduce  the  amount  of  weedy 
material  going  into  the  combine. 

i 

CYLINDER  AND  CONCAVE 
ADJUSTMENT 

One  mistake  commonly  made  in 
cylinder  and  concave  adjustment  is  too 
high  cylinder  speed  and  too  close  set¬ 
ting  of  the  concaves,  which  results  in 
over  threshing.  Although  practically 
all  of  the  grain  is  threshed  out  of  the 
heads,  some  kernels  may  be  cracked 
and  the  straw  may  be  broken  up. 
Broken  straw  overloads  the  straw  rack 
and  cleaning  sieves,  causing  grain  to 
be  blown  out  onto  the  ground.  High 
cylinder  speed  is  especially  objection¬ 
able  in  weedy  fields  because  the  weeds 
are  broken  up  and  the  moisture  in  the 
stems  and  leaves  coats  the  kernels, 
thus  raising  the  moisture  content  of 
the  grain. 

Weed  and  straw  breakage  can  be 
reduced  to  a  minimum  if  the  concave 
clearance  is  as  great  as  is  recommend¬ 
ed  in  the  instruction  book  for  the  grain 
being  harvested,  and  the  cylinder  speed 
is  low  enough  that  an  occasional  kernel 
is  left  in  the  heads.  Under  most  field 
conditions,  the  combine  operator  must 
choose  between  over-threshing  to  get 
out  every  kernel,  with  resulting  higher 
grain  loss  in  the  cleaning  sieves,  or  to 
leave  a  grain  or  two  in  the  heads  and 
reduce  the  cleaning  loss  because  the 
straw  is  not  broken  up. 

The  good  combine  operator  adjusts 
the  cylinder  speed  several  times  each 
day.  He  finds  that  it  may  be  possible 
to  start  earlier  in  the  morning  if  the 
cylinder  is  speeded  up  to  handle  the 
tougher  straw  that  is  still  damp.  Then 
as  the  straw  dries  out,  he  reduces  the 
cylinder  speed  to  avoid  overthreshing 
and  towards  sundown,  he  increases  the 
speed  again  as  the  straw  becomes 
damp  and  tough. 

Cylinder  speed  must  be  maintained 
or  unthreshed  grain  is  left  in  the 
straw.  Much  grain  is  lost  when  a 
power  take-off  outfit  is  slowed  down 
( Continued  on  Page  15) 


CUTTING 


SHELLING 


SEPARATION 


Combine  Harvesting-  is  accomplished  by  four  machine  operations:  (1)  Cutting  the 
standing  grain;  (2)  Shelling  the  kernels  out  of  the  heads;  (3)  Separating  the  grain 
from  the  straw;  (4)  Cleaning  the  threshed  grain. 


EGGS A YEAR 

i  FROM  EVERY  i 
\4  SQUARE  FEET/ 
\  OF  FLOOR  m 


PURINA 

laying 

CHOWS 


PURINA 

.  CHICK 
STARTENA 


2  FT. 


T  ON  TO 


YOUR  C 


EGGS  are  a  fighting  food!  That’s  why  you 
can  help  America  by  producing  every 
possible  egg  this  year.  Fill  your  laying  house  to 
capacity  .  .  .  keep  it  filled  all  year  ’round.  Set  your 
sights  for  CAPACITY  production! 

Every  4  square  feet  of  laying  house  floor  space 
should  produce  at  least  200  eggs  this  year.  To  get 
capacity  laying,  you  must  do  two  things: 

1.  Feed  your  present  layers  for  "extra  eggs' 

...  all  the  eggs  they  are  bred  to  lay. 

2.  Raise  fall  chicks  to  replace  layers  culled  out 
during  the  winter. 

Most  good  hens  are  bred  to  produce  at  least  200  eggs 
a  year  if  they’re  fed  the  right  kind  of  feed  and  given  proper 
care  ...  In  order  to  get  good  hens  to  do  the  job  they 
should  put  them  on  a  ration  built  for  capacity  produc¬ 
tion  —  a  Purina  ration. 


■4 


Purina  laying  chows  contain  the  materials 
a  hen  needs  to  keep  strong  and  vigorous  and 
at  the  same  time  maintain  top  egg  production. 
Feed  Purina  Layena,  the  complete  feed,  or 
Purina  Lay  Chow,  the  mash  feed  that  goes  with 
grain.  Both  are  fortified  with  special  vitamin 
and  mineral  ingredients. 

For  every  bird  that  dies  or  quits  laying,  you’ll 
need  a  big,  husky  replacement  pullet — start  a  batch 
of  chicks  this  fall  so  you’ll  have  new  birds  on  hand 
when  you  need  them  next  spring.  Follow  up  your  fall 
chicks  with  another  brood  every  three  months. 

Chicks  can  be  raised  successfully  during  any 
season  of  the  year  on  the  Purina  Plan.  Ask  your 
Purina  dealer  about  the  Balanced  Income  Plan 
and  ask  him  for  Chick  Startena  —  the  complete 
starting  feed! 


PURINA  MILLS  •  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  •  St.  Johnsbury,  Vf.  •  Wilmington,  Del. 


THE  MEN  OF  THE  MONTH 
—  THE  DOCTORS  MAYO 

The  man  of  the  month  really  should 
be  Two  or  even  Three  Men  of  the 
Month — because  it  is  almost  impossible  to 
write  about  only  one  May o — so  interwoven 
were  the  ideals,  background,  training  and 
accomplishment  of  the  two  brothers  — 
William  James,  born  June  29,  1861,  and 
Charles  H.,  born  July  19,  1865,  and  their 
great  father. 

The  father  of  Dr  .William  and  Dr.  Charlie 
was  called  the  Old  Doctor,  a  pioneer  who 
“for  the  most  part  learned  as  he  practiced.” 
The  two  boys  learned  as  they  watched  and 
helped  him. 

As  Will  and  Charlie  grew  up  they  had 
many  chores,  because  they  were  expected 
to  work  as  well  as  play  and  study.  They 
were  quite  normal  youngsters — taking  each 
other’s  parts  in  neighborhood  scraps.  But 
their  inquisitive  minds  were  quickened  and 
trained  by  their  father,  who  permitted  the 
boys  to  assist  him  with  the  instruments  and 
even  anesthetics  before  they  started  to  med¬ 
ical  school.  Will  and  Charlie  were  sent  to 
different  medical  schools.  The  father,  in  his 
wisdom,  felt  that  each  would  get  a  different 
viewpoint  which  would  supplement  the 
other.  Theirs  was  a  profession  of  service — 
and  never  did  they  forget  it. 

After  college  came  years  of  practice  with 
Father  Mayo.  It  was  a  long  time  before 
anyone  seemed  to  want  the  sons.  But  there 
was  a  driving  urge  that  possessed  the 
Brothers  Mayo  to  excel.  Eager  students 
were  all  of  them — father  and  sons — loving 
hard  work  and  careful  study.  They  were 
always  close  observers,  and  never  hesitant 
about  self  criticism. 

Time  marches  on!  To  really  know  our 
Men-of-the-Month,  I  recommend  enthu¬ 
siastically  Helen  Clapesattle’s  fascinating 
book  “The  Doctors  Mayo”  from  which  I 
freely  quote: 

“Blessed  with  energy  and  endurance,  full 
of  ambition,  and  keenly  aware  of  their  own 
inadequacies,  the  two  young  doctors  made 
time  for  continued  study  and  travel,  and 
seized  upon  every  opportunity  to  learn  from 
others.  They  were  never  averse  to  confess¬ 
ing  ignorance  if  by  so  doing  they  could 
learn.  They  read  medical  journals  diligently 
and  intelligently,  with  sound  judgment 
sifting  the  wheat  from  the  chaff.  They  at¬ 
tended  medical  conventions  regularly,  not 
to  make  merry  at  bar  or  club,  but  to  listen 
earnestly  to  the  papers  and  discussions. 
Learning  of  any  new  operation  that  sounded 
promising,  one  of  the  two  brothers  would 
set  out  to  see  it  on  the  spot,  study  it  in 
the  hands  of  its  originator.” 

The  Doctors  Mayo  were  perfect  exam¬ 
ples  of  team  work.  One  would  operate  and 
the  other  would  assist.  Then  change  places 
for  the  next  operation.  It  quickens  one’s 
imagination  to  see  these  two  brothers,  work¬ 
ing  together,  pooling  their  knowledge  and 
ingenuity  to  meet  a  crisis  when  it  came, 
always  fighting  for  the  life  of  their  patient! 
As  they  faced  and  fought  through  their 
problems  together,  that  bond  of  mutual 
love  and  admiration  between  Will  and 
Charlie  was  cemented,  a  bond  so  strong 
that  nothing  could  break  it. 

“Together  these  men  did  big  things,  but 
everything  they  did  they  shared,  not  only 
among  themselves  but  with  the  world.” 

Daring  and  Sharing  Doctors  Mayo!  — 
Our  men  of  the  Month. 

Lack  of  space  prevents  me  from  telling 
of  the  crowning  years  of  the  lives  of  The 
Doctors  Mayo.  Read  Helen  Clapesattle’s 
thrilling  book  and  you  will  know  why  pa¬ 
tients  from  all  over  the  world  come  to 
Rochester,  Minn  ,  to  the  Mayo  Sanitarium. 

WM.  H.  DANFORTH 
Chairman  of  the  Board 
Ralston  Purina  Company 
Executive  Offices 

1800  Checkerboard  Square,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

36c  to  pay  postage  will  get  my  12  Capacity 
Crusade  Messages  in  detail  as  they  are 
printed  each  month. 


r 


t 


1410)  ll 


American  Agriculturist,  July  18,  1942 


We  Need  Help  ! 

Farmers  Strive  to  Grow  Food  Under  Severe  Handicaps 


A  FEW  DAYS  ago  we  asked  some 
questions  of  a  number  of  American 
Agriculturist  readers.  Our  inquiries 
concerned  the  farm  help  situation  and 
difficulties  that  had  been  encountered 
in  securing  new  farm  machinery  and 
repairs.  Here  are  some  of  the  an¬ 
swers  : 

NORTHERN  NEW  YORK 

“Many  farmers  are  working  in  Mas- 
sena  because  of  attractive  wages.  I 
know  of  several  dairies  that  have  been 
sold.  Machinery  repair  parts  are  com¬ 
ing  through  pretty  good,  although  .the 
supply  of  new  machinery  is  far  from 
adequate  to  meet  the  demand.  The 
help  situation  is  bad.” — R.  M.  T.,  Si. 
Lawrence  County,  N.  Y. 

WESTERN  NEW  YORK 

“In  our  town  at  least  a  quarter  of 
the  farms  are  being  worked  on  a  hap¬ 
hazard  basis  because  the  owners  are 
working  in  defense  plants.  We  have 


been  handicapped  by  having  to  wait 
for  repair  parts,  and  have  been  un¬ 
able  to  buy  all  of  the  new  machinery 
we  need.”- — H.  M.,  Erie  County,  N.  Y. 

“Most  of  the  young  men  in  this  sec¬ 
tion  are  working  in  defense  plants  or 
are  in  the  Army.  A  few  people  were 
unable  to  get  help  to  pick  strawberries. 
We  were  five  weeks  in  getting  some 
cultivator  teeth  after  they  had  been 
shipped.” — G.  L .,  Orleans  County,  N.Y. 

CENTRAL  NEW  YORK 

“In  a  nearby  village  of  three  hun¬ 
dred,  every  fit  man  is  in  the  Army  or 
working  on  a  defense  job.  The  atti¬ 
tude  of  the  government  on  parity  for 
farm  prices  makes  farmers  hesitate 
about  paying  wages  for  farm  help  that 
will  compete  with  industry.  Crops 
show  lack  of  care.  Farmers  are  doing 
their  best  under  these  adverse  condi¬ 
tions.”—  G.  H.,  Onondaga  County,  N.Y. 

“Several  farmers  near  here  have  let 
their  farm  work  go.  They  have  de¬ 


fense  jobs,  but  still  live  on  their  farms 
and  try  to  work  them  in  the  evening. 
I  was  talking  with  the  Local  Draft 
Board.  They  say  they  are  deferring 
all  farm  help  who  have  stayed  on 
farms  instead  of  taking  defense  jobs. 
Farmers  are  up  against  a  lot  of 
troubles,  but  they  will  make  the  best 
of  it.” — H.  G.  H.,  Oneida  County,  N.  Y. 

“Our  payroll  for  help  is  almost  twice 
as  much  as  in  recent  years.  We  know 
that  some  crops  have  been  lost  because 
labor  was  not  available  to  control 
weeds.  I  ordered  a  new  set  of  discs 
in\March,  and  have  not  received  them 
yet.” — P.  D.  V.,  Oswego  County,  N.  Y. 

“It  is  impossible  to  hire  any  farm 
help  in  this  locality.  Men  are  either 
in  the  Army  or  working  in  munition 
factories.  We  are  in  a  area  where 
there  are  many  defense  plants.  They 
get  the  desirable  help,  but  I  think  that 
very  few  crops  will  go  unharvested  or 
that  production  will  be  lessened  very 
much.” — F.  M.  C.,  Otsego  County,  N.Y. 

SOUTHERN  TIER 

“I  have  one  good  man  and  three 
boys  from  eleven  to  thirteen.  We  are 
producing  eight  cans  of  milk  and  have 


PILOTS  FLY  FASTER 


More  speed  gives  our  pilots  greater 
fighting  effectiveness  . .  . 


FLY  HIGHER 


American  planes  can  out-climb  and 
out-maneuver  enemy  ships  . .  . 


FLY  FARTHER 


American  planes  can  fly  longer  dis¬ 
tances  with  heavier  bomb  loads  . .  . 

than  Axis  planes ...  because  of  100-0ctane 
Aviation  Gasoline  pioneered  by  Esso 

Ever  since  1935,  when  100-octane  gasoline  was  first  pro¬ 
duced  by  Esso  research,  we  have  supplied  it  to  the  U.  S. 
Air  Forces,  and  have  turned  over  to  other  refiners  the 
working  details  they  needed  to  make  it  cheaply  and 
quickly.  And  greatly  to  America’s  gain,  the  improve¬ 
ments  in  plane  and  engine  designs  take 
full  advantage  of  this  super-fuel.  * 

COLONIAL  BEACON  OIL  \ 
COMPANY  \ 

Copr.  1942.  Esso  Inc.  Ayi-1 


sixty  acres  of  cultivated  crops.  I  can 
get  along  until  harvest  time,  and  then 
I  do  not  know  what  I  will  do.  One  of 
my  regular  men  left  two  weeks  ago 
A  few  of  our  farmers  have  sold  then 
dairies.”- — M.  M.,  Broome  County,  N.Y, 

HUDSON  VALLEY 

“We  have  been  fortunate  to  get  help 
such  as  college  girls  and  school  boys 
to  harvest  berries  and  cherries.  There 
have  been  more  sales  of  livestock  with¬ 
in  the  past  few  months  than  I  have 
ever  known,  much  of  it  due  to  lack  of 
help.  We  could  get  along  for  a  time 
with  what  equipment  we  have  if  we 
could  get  someone  to  use  it.” — W.  A. 
D.,  Columbia.  County,  N.  Y. 

LONG  ISLAND 

“When  Long  Island  starts  marketing 
potatoes  and  cauliflower,  there  will  be 
a  need  for  at  least  1500  additional  help¬ 
ers.  Due  to  labor  shortage,  some 
strawberries  and  peas  were  not  har¬ 
vested.  As  yet  we  have  not  experi¬ 
enced  any  serious  machinery  short¬ 
age.” — H.  R.  T.,  Suffolk  County,  N.  Y. 

NEW  ENGLAND 

“Delay  in  obtaining  certain  tractor 
repair  parts  has  held  up  work  and  made 
it  impossible  for  me  to  plant  thirty 
acres  of  barley  which  I  had  intended 
to  put  in.  We  have  spent  a  lot  of 
time  welding  and  forging  repairs  in¬ 
stead  of  waiting  to  get  them.  Small 
farmers  who  depend  on  filling  stations 
have  been  short  of  gas  and  kerosene. 
I  have  ordered  barrels  for  picking  po¬ 
tatoes  instead  of  bags.  Some  fields  in 
this  section  were  not  planted  to  pota¬ 
toes,  grains  and  silage  corn  because  of 
lack  of  help.” — F.  P.,  Essex  County, 
Vermont. 

"Several  farm  owners  near  here  are 
working  in  factories  and  therefore  do¬ 
ing  little  at  home.  Farm  help  is 
scarce,  and  factories  are  paying  from 
$50  to  $100  a  week.  Most  farmers 
around  here  hang  onto  livestock  and, 
where  necessary,  let  other  work  go. 
Higher  prices  for  farm  products  are 
more  than  offset  by  increased  costs. 
Farmers  do  not  mind  working  15  or  16 
flours  a  day  if  they  can  get  enough  to 
live  on  and  pay  their  bills.  They  do  not 
expect  time  and  a  half  for  overtime.” 

- — G.  C.  D.,  Litchfield  County,  Conn. 

“I  know  of  some  hens  and  one  herd 
of  dairy  cows  that  were  sold  because 
of  lack  of  help.  In  one  part  of  Aroo¬ 
stook  County  one  hundred  acres  of 
seed  potatoes  were  planted  by  women. 
Considerable  welding  is  being  done  on 
broken  and  worn  parts  where  replace¬ 
ments  are  not  available.”— V.  C.,  An¬ 
droscoggin  County,  Maine. 

“The  large  number  of  farm  auctions 
advertised  in  newspapers  are  an  im¬ 
portant  straw  in  the  economic  wind. 
In  some  cases,  harnesses,  wagons,  and 
farm  machinery  brought  more  than 
when  they  were  new.  Factories  in 
some  areas  are  daily  attracting  more 

( Continued  on  Page  13) 


“I  understand  we  haven’t  lost  a 
single  umpire  to  the  draft.  Not  one 
of  them  could  pass  the  eye  test.” 


Junk  from  Farms 

and  its  plate  in  the  War 


Back  of  the  barn,  in  the  tool 
shed ,  out  in  the  orchard  and 
down  in  the  gully  is  a  lot  of 
Junk  which  is  doing  no  good 
where  it  is,  but  which  is  needed 
at  once  to  help  smash  the  Japs 
and  Nazis. 

Scrap  iron  and  steel,  for  example. 

Even  in  peacetime,  scrap  provided 
about  50%  of  the  raw  material  for 
steel.  It  may  be  rusty,  old  “scrap”  to 
you,  but  it  is  actually  refined  steel 
— with  most  impurities  removed,  and 
can  be  quickly  melted  with  new 
metal  in  the  form  of  pig  iron  to  pro¬ 
duce  highest  quality  steel  for  our  war 
machines. 

The  production  of  steel  has  gone 
up,  up,  UP,  until  today  America  is 
turning  out  as  much  steel  as  all  the 
rest  of  the  world  combined.  But  un¬ 
less  at  least  6,000,000  additional  tons 
of  scrap  steel  is  uncovered  promptly, 
the  full  rate  of  production  cannot  be 
attained  or  increased;  all  the  tanks, 
guns  and  ships  our  country  is  count¬ 
ing  on  cannot  be  produced. 

The  rubber  situation  is  also  criti¬ 
cal.  In  spite  of  the  recent  rubber 
drive,  there  is  a  continuing  need  for 
large  quantities  of  scrap  rubber.  Also 


JUNK  MAKES  FIGHTING  WEAPONS 


for  other  waste  materials  and  metals 
like  brass,  copper,  zinc,  lead  and  tin. 
The  need  is  urgent. 

The  Junk  which  you  collect  is 
bought  by  industry  from  scrap 
dealers  at  established,  government- 
controlled  prices. 

*  *  * 

Will  you  help? 

Will  you  scour  every  fence  comer 
on  your  farm  and  get  your  Junk  into 
circulation? 

First — collect  it  and  pile  it  up. 

Then,  if  there  is  no  Junk  dealer  in 
your  vicinity  who  will  come  and  get 
it,  get  in  touch  with  your  County  War 
Board  or  your  farm  implement  dealer. 
In  many  communities  a  “Scrap 
Harvest”  is  being  planned.  Cooperate 
in  this  and  get  your  neighbors  to 
cooperate. 

Throw  YOUR  scrap  into  the  fight! 


One  old  disc  will  provide 
scrap  steel  needed  for  210  semi 
automatic  light  carbines. 


One  old  plow  will  help 
make  one  hundred  75-mm. 
armor-piercing  projectiles. 


One  useless  old  tire 
provides  as  much 
rubber  as  is  used 
in  12  gas  masks. 


f  f  f  f 
?  ?  f  f 

¥  ¥  ¥  ’•? 


One  old  shovel  will  help  make 
4  hand  grenades. 


MATERIALS  NEEDED 

Scrap  iron  and  steel. 

Other  metals  of  all  kinds. 

Old  rubber,  rags,  Manila  rope,  burlap  bags. 

Waste  cooking  fats-  When  you  get  a  pound  or  more, 
strain  into  a  large  tin  can  and  sell  to  your  meat  dealer. 

NEEDED  ONLY  IN  CERTAIN  AREAS— Waste  paper  andtincans, 
as  announced  locally. 

NOT  NEEDED  (at  this  time)— Razor  blades— glass. 


This  message  approved 
by  Conservation  Division 


WAR  PRODUCTION  BOARD 


This  advertisement  paid  for  by  the  American  Industries  Salvage  Committee 
(representing  and  with  funds  provided  by  a  group  of  lead, ng  industrial  concerns). 


(412)  IQ 


#  L.  B. 
'SKEFFinGTOn 


jKEffjr 

HOTEBOOK 


Apple  Institute  Meets  at  Albany 

^JDMPLETING  seven  years,  the  New 


'York  and  New  England  Apple  In 
stitute  in  annual  meeting-  at  Albany 
was  told  by  President  John  Chandler 
of  Sterling  Junction,  Mass.,  that  its 
organization  and  success  was  “just  an¬ 
other  proof  that  Northeastern  farmers 
are  cooperative  minded.” 

“During  the  past  year  we  have  in¬ 
creased  our  membership,  not  as  fast 
as  we  would  wish,  but  still  a  steady, 
consistent  growth,”  reported  Chandler. 
“We  have  gained  in  financial  support 
and  this  has  been  a  better  year  for 
collection  of  pledges.  As  a  result  of 
this  confidence  upon  the  part  of  the 
industry,  we  have  been  able  to  im¬ 
prove  and  increase  our  work  in  apple 
promotion.” 

As  most  growers  know,  the  institute 
does  not  sell  apples  directly,  but  “pre¬ 
pares  the  market”  for  apple  sales.  The 
idea  of  such  an  organization  is  credit¬ 
ed  to  the  late  Thomas  E.  Cross  of 
LaGrangeville,  Dutchess  County,  N.  Y. 

Cross  talked  at  many  farm  meetings 
and  with  many  individuals,  and  found 


ready  response  to  his  idea.  The  insti¬ 
tute  was  organized  at  a  meeting  of 
growers  in  the  office  of  the  Commis¬ 
sioner  of  Agriculture  and  Markets  at 
Albany.  Growers  were  invited  to  be¬ 
come  members  and  pay  one  cent  p^r 
bushel  on  the  packed  fruit  to  support 
an  apple  merchandising  and  advertis¬ 
ing  campaign.  As  time  went  on  the 
effective  worn  of  the  institute  began 
to  be  recognized  as  it  gained  the  co¬ 
operation  of  the  trade,  public  agencies 
and  many  others  in  a  position  to  pro¬ 
mote  the  sale  of  apples. 

Organization  of  the  institute  was  fol¬ 
lowed  in  time  by  similar  organization 
.  in  the  Appalachian  area,  Ohio,  Michi¬ 
gan,  and  in  other  sections.  These  in 
turn  formed  the  National  Apple  Insti¬ 
tute,  which  is  supported  entirely  by 
the  regional  organizations. 

Chandler  urged  that  farm  organiza¬ 
tions  act  to  meet  the  public  criticism 
that  is  coming-  to  agriculture  because 
of  rising  prices.  “We  already  have 
seen  other  agricultural  industries  — 
wheat,  for  example  —  bring  down  upon 


IF  YOU  PLAN  a  trip  West,  Northern  Pacific  Railway 
will  do  its  utmost,  despite  heavy  demands  of  War  traffic, 
to  give  you  the  service  which  has  made  the  transcontinen¬ 
tal  NORTH  COAST  LIMITED  a  favorite  for  travel  to  and 
from  Yellowstone  Park,  Rocky  Mountain  Dude  Ranches, 
the  Pacific  Northwest  and  California.  Leaves  Chicago 
Union  Station  11:00  pm.  Through  Pullmans  to  Gardiner- 
Cody  Gateways  to  Yellowstone,  June  1 8  to  September  1 0. 

Please  avoid  week-end  departure.  Make  reservations 
early  —  cancel  them  promptly  if 
you  should  change  your  plans. 

For  information  and  reservations,  write  V.  L. 

BeDell,  Dist.  Pass.  Agent,  Northern  Pacific 
Railway,  560  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 


t,„J"MA|N  STREET  0F  IHE  NORTHWEST 

(sMo.Vrn.VA  i  D*i<p™ 


rnc 

F 


- 

Son*  D*x?ta 


miowsiouf 


themselves  public  condemnation  be¬ 
cause  they  have  failed  to  as  the  prices 
of  their  products  advanced  to  main¬ 
tain  good  public  relations.  We  must 
explain  that  higher  prices  are  justified 
by  rising  costs  and  other  factors.” 

Manager  Tom  O’Neill  devoted  much 
of  his  report  to  recounting  help  that 
had  been  obtained  in  promoting  apple 
sales  in  connection  with  institute  spon¬ 
sored  programs.  He  mentioned  that 
one  department  store  in  Boston  spent 
$500  for  apples  to  be  given  to  custom¬ 
ers,  that  an  oil  company  gave  apples 
to  48,000  customers,  that  one  big  flour 
company  spent  $100,000  in  promoting 
“French  apple  pie,”  etc. 

In  recognition  of  the  leadership  they 
have  given,  all  officers  were  re-elected. 
These  include  John  Chandler,  presi¬ 
dent;  Frank  W.  Beneway,  Ontario,  N. 
Y.,  vice-president;  Theodore  Oxholm, 
Esopus,  N.  Y.,  treasurer;  Charles  B. 
Young,  Wallingford,  Conn.,  secretary; 
C.  H.  G'owdy,  Greenwich,  Conn.,  assist¬ 
ant  treasurer;  L.  B.  Skeffington, 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  chairman  of  publicity 
.  committee,  and  E.  Stuart  Hubbard, 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  chairman  of  edu¬ 
cational  committee. 

In  his  annual  address  Chandler  had 
suggested  that  he  be  allowed  to  re¬ 
tire,  but  Rolland  Reitz,  Cold  Water,  N. 
Y.,  nominating  committee  chairman, 
said  the  committee  was  opposed  to 
changing  horses  in  midstream.  This 
view  was  enthusiastically  indorsed  by 
a  unanimous  vote  of  directors. 

Dr.  A.  J.  Heinicke,  director-elect  of 
the  Geneva  Experiment  Station,  told 
the  members  that  nature  and  the  good 
judgment  of  growers  had  brought 
about  a  satisfactory  adjustment  in  the 
number  of  apple  trees.  He  said  that 
the  number  of  trees  now  was  only  one- 
third  of  what  it  was  in  1910,  and  that 
the  reduction  had  been  especially  heavy 
since  1935.  Considering  that  it  takes 
10  years  to  develop  a  tree  to  good 
bearing,  and  that  the  average  useful 
life  of  a  tree  is  40  years,  Heinicke  sug¬ 
gested  that  one-fourth  of  plantings 
should  be  under  10  years  old.  He  said 
war  conditions  might  interfere  with 
replacements,  but  he  warned  those  who 
planned  to  stay  in  the  business  not  to 
delay  planting  for  too  long. 

Truman  Nold,  Washington,  secretary 
of  the  National  Apple  Institute,  re¬ 
ported  that  the  government  will  triple 
its  purchases  of  apples,  compared  to 
last  year,  for  the  armed  forces  and 
lend-lease.  No  limit  has  been  placed 
upon  the  amount  of  dried  apples  which 
will  be  purchased,  with  the  price  at 
13  cents  per  pound,  calculated  to  pay 
growers  a  cent  a  pound  for  their  ap¬ 
ples.  The  market  for  fresh  fruit  was 
considered  to  be  promising  because  of 
inability  of  consumers  to  obtain  can¬ 
ned  fruits  in  usual  quantities. 

4*  # 

U.  S.  to  Buy  Cherries 

Announcement  that  the  government 
will  take  over  44  per  cent  of  the  1942 
pack  of  canned  sour  cherries  is  good 
news  to  growers.  This  is  more  than 
double  original  estimates  of  govern¬ 
ment  purchases.  At  this  writing  there 
are  conflicting  reports  about  prices  be¬ 
ing  offered  for  cherries,  but  generally 
they  run  between  five  and  six  cents. 

It  is  indicated  that  the  government 
price  will  be  within  this  range.  Pick¬ 
ing  of  the  crop  is  in  full  swing.  A 
great  many  cherries  will  be  frozen, 
and  -recent  easing  of  the  sugar  situa¬ 
tion  is  expected  to  help  the  movement. 


Council  Flounders 

Reports  sifting  through  are  that  the 
National  Peach  Council  has  not  receiv¬ 
ed  the  support  its  promoters  expected. 
Frank  Beneway,  chairman  of  the  New 
York  Peach  Marketing  Committee,  at¬ 
tended  the  original  meeting  at  Rich¬ 
mond,  Va.,  outlined  the  New  York 
plan  and  urged  the  states  to  build 


American  Agriculturist,  July  .  18,  1943 

“from  the  ground  up.”  Later  a  na¬ 
tional  body  was  set  up.  New  York 
did  not  join,  there  being  some  feeling 
that  the  council  was  being  launched  too 
fast,  and  that  it  was  a  southern  deal 

—a.  a. — 

PICKARD  HAS  NEW  JOB 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Farm 
Credit  Board,  P.  W.  Pickard  was  elect¬ 
ed  Acting  Secretary  of  the  Federal  In¬ 
termediate  Credit  Bank  to  fill  the 
vacancy  created  by  O.  O.  Provosty’s 
enlistment  in  the  Navy. 

“Pick,”  as  most  of  you  know  him, 
came  with  the  bank  as  a  Credit  Ex¬ 
aminer  in  December  1934  and  has  de¬ 
voted  practically  his  entire  time  to 
short  term  loans  made  by  production 
credit  associations.  Since  January  of 
1940  he  has  been  loaned  to  the  Produc¬ 
tion  Credit  Corporation  but  has  now 
returned  to  the  bank  to  take  over  his 
new  duties. 

Because  of  his  experience  in  the 
short  term  credit  field  and  his  wide 
acquaintance  with  those  in  the  Farm 
Credit  system  the  bank  feels  it  is  for¬ 
tunate  in  being  able  to  have  his  ser¬ 
vices  at  this  time. 

■  — A.  A. — 

A.A.  -  Grange  Bread 
Contest  News 

WHEN  a  soldier  takes  part  in  the 
Grange  Bread  Contest,  that’s 
news!  Chairman  Sarah  Brooks  of 
Mountainville  Grange,  Orange  County, 
writes  that  “Sergeant  Roland  La- 
Croix,  who  is  stationed  near  Mountain¬ 
ville,  won  third  place  in  our  contest. 
He  attends  our  meetings  quite  often 
and  takes  an  active  interest  in  our 
projects.”  First  prize  in  this  contest 
was  won  by  Mrs.  Alfred  Petersen,  Sr., 
of  Mountainville. 

Here’s  another  interesting  note  from 
Chairman  Elizabeth  Redmun,  Nowa- 
daga  Grange,  Herkimer  County:  “Our 
bread  contest  brought  a  nice  delega¬ 
tion  from  our  neighboring  grange  at 
Little  Falls,  whose  S.  &  H.  Committee 
acted  as  judges.  After  our  contest, 
our  bread  sold  at  a  fancy  price. 
We  did  not  miss  the  special  score 
sheets  as  each  contestant  saved  her 
April  11  American  Agriculturist.  We 
thank  you  for  this  interesting  activity. 
Last  year  our  winner  got  to  State 
Grange  with  a  prize  award  there. 
Maybe  we  will  this  year  also.” 

Subordinate  Grange  Winners 


COUNTY 

GRANGE 

WINNER 

Albany 

Clarksville 

Mrs.  Samuel  Hanley 

Allegany 

Petrol  ia 

Mrs.  C.  C.  Witter 

Rushford 

Mrs.  Mae  McElheny 

Broome 

Deposit 

Mrs,  Mabel  Beilby 

Sanitaria  Sp’gs. 
Susquehanna 

Mrs.  Myrtle  T urk 

Valley 

Mrs.  Carlton  Bennett 

Cattaraugus 

Franklinviile 

Mrs.  Vcrlie  Thomas 

Chautauqua 

Hanover 

Mrs.  Robert  Woolley 

Lombard 

Anna  Hayner 

Sheridan 

Mrs.  Frank  H.  Collins 

Chenango 

Greene 

Mrs.  Helen  Walker 

Otsenango 

Mrs.  Averill  Holl 

Plymouth 

Mrs.  Edith  White 

Clinton 

Mooers 

Mrs.  Eva  Boire 

Cojumbia 

East  Chatham 

Mrs.  Elsie  Gearing 

Cortland 

Cortlandville 

Mrs.  J.  R.  Sweeney 

Dutchess 

Preble 

Mrs.  M.  R.  Leighton 

Amenia 

Mrs.  Florence  McEnroe 

Rock  City 

Mrs.  William  J.  Hover 

Stone  Church 

Mrs.  Elizbeth  Way 

Upton  Lake 

Mrs.  Mildred  Buck 

Washington 

Mrs.  Frank  Varney 

Erie 

Clarence 

Mrs.  Fred  Pagels 

Holland 

Mrs.  Michael  Losel 

Essex 

Penfield 

Mrs.  George  R.  Gonyeau 

Wadhams 

Mrs.  Emily  Pierce 

Franklin 

Bangor 

Mrs.  Martha  A.  O’Hara 

Malone 

Mrs.  Robert  Brady 

Westville 

Mrs.  Earl  Rowley 

Genesee 

East  Pembroke 

Mrs.  Dennis  J.  Phelps 

Elba 

Mrs.  Kenneth  Dorman 

Greene 

Echo 

Margaret  Hallock 

Loonenburg 

Ida  McGifford 

Herkimer 

Fort  Dayton 

Mrs.  Dora  Jones 

Little  Falls 

Mrs.  Floyd  Eadlck 

Norway 

Mrs.  Jennie  Bly 

Nowad  aga 

Mrs.  Emma  Travers 

Russia 

Maude  Moon 

Shells  Bush 

Mrs.  Clyde  Petrie 

Warren 

Mrs.  0.  Van  Valkenburgh 

W.  CanadaCreek  Mrs.  Anna  Worden 

Winfield 

Mrs.  Ann  Koenig 

Jefferson 

Cape  Vincent 

Mrs.  Robert  Grimshaw 

Pamelja 

Mrs.  Bertha  Lingenfelter 
Mrs.  Elmer  Bullis  ) 

Mrs.  E.  Smith  ( 

Perch  River 

South  Rutland 

Gladys  Hodge 

Union 

Mrs.  John  Poor 

Watch 

future  issues  for  additional 

Contest  news. 

American  Agriculturist,  July  18,  1942 


1  1  (413) 


MILK  PRICE  ANALYZED 

H.  V.  Noyes,  Commissioner  of  Agri-  The  Commissioner’s  final  conclusion 
culture  for  the  State  of  New  York,  has  is  that  the  dairy  industry  would  be  on 
prepared  an  analysis  of  the  New  York  a  more  stable  and  profitable  basis  if 


milk  market  for  the  past  three  years. 
Commissioner  Noyes  analyzes  the  mar¬ 
ket  by  dividing  milk  prices  into  what 
he  calls  an  upper  and  lower  blend.  In 
the  upper  blend  are  all  classes  where 
New  York  City  health  regulations  re¬ 


production  were  held  more  in  line  with 
fluid  market  needs. 


-a.  a. — 


SPECIALS” 

Victory  Food  Specials  are  being  de¬ 


least  75%  return  loads  on  their  trips,  month  in  the  depression  year  of  1932 
This  is  to  apply  to  trucks  belonging  to  and  the  World  War  I  year,  1918,  as 
food  merchants  and  commercial  truck-  follows: 

ers  and  trucker  buyers,  but  not  to  CORN,  cents  per  bushel,  now  93;  1932 — 48 
farmers  hauling  their  own  goods.  It  1918 — 194. 

was  to  have  been  effective  July  1st,  but  OATS,  cents  per  bushel,  now  59;  1932-32 
the  date  has  been  postponed  until  July  1918—96. 

15th. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  this  order 
would  work  serious  hardship  in  the 
handling  of  perishable  produce  requir¬ 
ing  immediate  and  rapid  movement, 


quire  strict  standards.  The  lower  blend  signated  for  various  perishable  fruit  produce  trade  and  grower  interests,  in- 
includes  all  classes  where  health  re-  an(j  vegetable  commodities  to  release  eluding  the  Northeastern  Vegetable 
quirements  are  iess  stiingent,  such  as  fhe  pressure  of  over-supply  when  mar-  and  Potato  Council,  have  protested  the 
milk  for  butter,  cheese,  evaporated  kefjng  js  af  its  peak.  Beets  and  snap  terms  of  the  ruling  and  it  is  expected  uve  HOGS,  per  100  pounds,  now  $13.10 


WHEAT,  cents  per  bushel,  now  109 
1932—57;  1918—211. 

BUCKWHEAT,  cents  per  bushel,  now  95 
1932—51;  1918—202. 

POTATOES,  cents  per  bushel,  now  90 
1932—40;  1918—86. 

DRY  BEANS,  cents  per  bushel,  now  294 
1932—138;  1918—850. 

HAY,  per  ton,  now  $14.00;  1932 — $7.00 
1918— $16.80. 


and  condensed  milk,  and  other  manu 
facturing  purposes. 


Here 

are  comparative 

prices 

of  up- 

per  and 

lower  blends  as 

figured  by  the 

Commissioner  for  the 

past 

three 

months : 

UPPER 

LOWER 

UNI  FORM 

MONTH 

BLEND 

BLEND 

PRICE 

March  - 

_  $2.83 

$1.86 

$2.43 

April  - 

_  2.55 

1.86 

2.30 

M  ay  - 

2.62 

1.90 

2.34 

beans  were  listed  for  the  week  of  July  that  a  modified  order  will  appear  by 
6th  to  11th  and  peaches  have  been  an-  July  15th. 

nounced  for  the  period  of  July  16th  Everyone  grants  that  the  utmost  ef- 
to  August  5th.  fort  is  necessary  to  conserve  trucks 

This  movement  is  under  the  guidance  and  tires  in  order  to  avoid  what  may 
of  the  Agricultural  Marketing  Admin-  easily  be  a  vastly  worse  situation  a 
istration,  headed  by  Roy  F.  Hendrick-  little  later.  Any  doubling  up  of  trips, 
son.  Special  effort  is  made  to  promote  pooling  of  loads,  and  other  measures 


1932— $4.00;  1918— $16.00. 

LIVE  BEEF  CATTLE,  per  100  pounds 
now  $9.10;  1932— $3.40;  1918— $9.80. 

LIVE  VEAL  CALVES,  per  100  nounds 
now  $12.90;  1932— $5.20;  1918— $14.00. 
MILK  COWS,  per  head,  no\,  *112.00 
1932— $58.00;  1918— $94.00. 

LAMBS,  per  100  pounds,  now  $12.50 
1932— $5.70;  1918— $16.20. 

sales  by  retail  and  wholesale  handlers,  to  insure  full  use  of  truck  space  is  es-  LIy®  ^ *  *  *  C ^ ^ Q ^nt0s0  ^er  pound’  now 
They  are  encouraged  to  feature  these  sential.  As  with  personal  transporta- 
The  Commissioner  points  out  that  commodities  in  store  advertising  and  tion  we  will  have  to  go  to  some  trouble 


-a.  a. — 


the  cost  of  production  of  this  lower  with  special  displays.  The  Northeastern  to  meet  the  situation  and  not  always 

blend  (usually  spoken  of  as  surplus  Council  of  Vegetable  and  Potato  Grow-  take  the  easy  way. — P.  W 

milk)  is  just  as  high  as  the  cost  of  ers  is  watching  the  development  of  sit- 

producing  milk  used  in  the  higher  uations  calling  for  announcement  of 

Naturally,  the  greater  Victory  Food  Specials  and  growers  will 

do  well  to  work  through  this  organiza¬ 
tion.— P.  W. 


classifications 
the  percentage  of  milk  used  in  the 
lower  blend,  the  greater  is  the  effect 
of  this  milk  in  lowering  the  uniform 
price  as  figured  by  the  Market  Ad¬ 
ministrator.  At  present,  surplus  prices 
are  averaging  higher  than  usual  be¬ 
cause  of  government  lend-lease  pur¬ 
chases. 


PRICES— THEN  AND  NOW 


—  A.  A. - 


TRUCK  REGULATIONS 

The  Office  of  Defense  Transportation 
recently  issued  an  order  requiring  that 
trucks  handling  food  arrange  for  at 


Prices  received  by  producers  for  New 
York  farm  products  changed  irregular¬ 
ly  from  mid-May  to  mid-June,  though 
they  are  generally  higher  than  in  June 
1941  or  in  any  previous  year  since  the 
20’s.  There  were  a  few  declines  during 


21.2;  1932—16.8;  1918—28.0. 

EGGS,  cents  per  dozen,  now  31;  1932—16; 
1918—38. 

WOOL,  cents  per  pound,  now  44;  1932 — 8; 
1918—64. 

MILK,  cents  per  100  pounds  (U.  S.  D.  A. 
series)  ,June  (est.)  $2.40;  1932— $1.07 ; 
1918— $2.00. 

Other  things  of  interest  in  the  same 
period: 

WEEKLY  EARNINGS  New  York  factory 
workers  (New  York  State  Department 
of  Labor),  now  (April  1942)  $37.19;  1932 
(June)  $22.20;  1918— $20.44. 

INDEX  PRICES  RECEIVED  by  New 
York  farmers,  now  (May)  144;  1932 

(year)— 107;  1918  (year)— 176. 


PLUCK  THEM  NOW !  By  ED  W.  MITCHELL. 


the  month,  along  with  a  few  increases. 

Dry  beans  were  the  only  crop  of  major  iNDEX  prices  PAID  by  farmers,  U.  S. 
importance  lower  this  June  than  in  now  (June)  152;  1932  (year) — 107;  1918 


Federal-State  report  issued  from  the 
New  York  State  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture  and  Markets  for  a  few  prod¬ 
ucts  are  compared  with  the  same 


June  1941. 

THIS  WAR  and  the  problem  of  tical  proposition,  few  apple  growers  Relationships  to  previous  periods  of 
feeding  armies  and  beleaguered  ever  get  all  their  thinning  done,  but  high  and  low  prices  indicate  the  wide 

populations  has  certainly  turned  the  only  that  small  part  that  time,  labor  range  through  which  farm  prices  move, 

spotlight  on  milk  and  eggs  as  essential  and  money  permit.  Knowing  that,  The  June  1942  prices  me  u  e  in  a 

foods.  Apples  and  fresh  vegetables  some  growers  thin  first  what  they  can 

may  suffer  a  little  by  comparison;  but  reach  "from  the  ground,  then  what  can 

nevertheless,  folks  still  like  and  need  be  reached  from  a  short,  light  ladder, 
fruits  and  vegetables  for  a  balanced  and  finally,  the  tops  and  inside  of  a 
diet,  and  there  will  be  some  sale  for  few  more  trees.  This  system  gets  the 
our  apples  if  and  when  we  get  them,  most  done  at  the  least  expense  and  is 
It  is  quite  a  satisfaction  to  see  the  probably  better  than  thinning  fewer 
little  apples  appear  from  between  the  trees  completely. 

leaves,  and  the,  boughs  begin  to  bend.  In  watching  thinners  work,  it  seems 

to  me  that  girls  and  women  are  better 
than  men  and  boys  for  this  job.  The 
dearth  of  men  and  boys  makes  any 
long  argument  on  their  comparative 


(year) — 176. 

INDUSTRIAL  WAGE  LEVEL,  New  York, 
now  (April)  303;  1932  (year) — 183;  1918 
(year) — 164. 

The  figures  for  1932  and  1918  are  not 
necessarily  the  absolute  lows  and  highs, 
some  of  which  were  reached  at  other 
times,  the  lows  in  the  30’s  and  the  highs 
in  the  early  20’s  in  some  cases.  —  R.  L. 
Gillett. 


There  seems  to  be  more  point  in  plas¬ 
tering  lead  on  an  apple  an  inch  or  two 
in  diameter,  than  onto  one  that  is  just 
emerging  from  the  bloom,  but,  oh  boy, 
what  a  pain  it  is  to  go  out  and  pluck  merits  fruitless  at  this  time,  but  when 
off  some  of  those  perfectly  good  ap-  you  can’t  get  men  but  can  get  women, 
pies  just  because  there  are  too  many  it  is  a  comforting  thought.  We  will 
of  them  in  one  place.  What  a  grief  doubtless  have  to  use  women  for  a  lot 
to  find  that  some  worm  has  penetrated  of  work  that  has  heretofore  been  done 
between  two  apples  before  you  have  by  men,  and  I  think  we  are  going  to 
had  a  chance  to  pick  off  one,  and  how  find  them  better  than  we  thought, 
disgusted  you  feel  if  you  pick  off  the  It  i00ks  as  though  there  would  be  a 

good  one  and  find  the  one  you  left  is 
the  one  with  a  worm  in  it. 

Such  is  life,  at  least  a  fruit  grow¬ 
er’s  life,  and  we  have  to  make  the 
best  of  it.  There  seems  to  be  no  prac¬ 
tical  way  to  keep  worms  from  going 
in  where  two  fruits  touch,  except  to 
pick  off  one  of  those  fruits  and  paste 
lead  on  the  other  one  before  the  worm 
gets  there.  It  is  a  problem  of  labor 
and  timing  that  is  hard  to  solve. 

Enough  experiments  have  been  con¬ 
ducted  and  reported  to  prove  that  thin¬ 
ning  to  get  fruit  of  good  size  is  a 
profitable  practice.  The  writers  have 
been  more  modest  in  claiming  profits 
from  worm  control  as  a  result  of  the 
same  practice,  but  it  may  be  just  as 
important  as  the  increase  in  size.  This 
year,  especially,  we  owe  it  to  our  coun¬ 
try  to  produce  the  best  crop  we  can, 
and  thinning  is  certainly  one  practice 
We  should  use  as  far  as  it  is  possible 
to  do  so. 

As  a  matter  of  fact  and  as  a  prac- 


Buy 
United 
States 
War  Bonds 
and  Stamps 


good  supply  of  apples  this  year.  That 
means  the  usual  demand  for  good  fruit 
and  the  customary  rejection  of  small 
and  second  grades.  Considering  the 
cost  of  picking  and  handling  the  crop, 
of  sorting  out  and  discarding  the  culls, 
and  the  control  of  worms  and  the  in¬ 
crease  in  size,  it  does  seem  to  be  good 
business  to  pluck  off  the  excess  apples 
and  to  pluck  them  now. 

—  A.  A. — 

HOW  DID  YOU  LIKE  IT? 

Some  weeks  ago  most  of  the  publi¬ 
cations  of  America,  including  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist,  agreed  to  run  the 
flag  on  the  cover  page  for  their  issue 
nearest  to  the  Fourth  of  July.  When 
these  magazines  came  out  I  got  a  great 
thrill  from  seeing  Old  Glory  so  beau¬ 
tifully  displayed  on  so  many  different 
magazines. 

We  of  American  Agriculturist  think 
ours  was  particularly  well  done,  so  we 
have  had  a  few  extra  copies  printed  on 
heavy  cardboard,  which  makes  a  grand 
display  of  the  flag  to  put  up  in  a  win¬ 
dow  or  on  the  office  wall  or  at  home. 
There  are  a  few  of  these  left,  and  as 
long  as  they  last  we  will  mail  them  to 
you  for  15  cents  to  cover  costs.  First 
come,  first  served. 


More  Cold/ 

for  Your  Dollar  1 


The  Only  Milk  Cooler  With 
Shrouded  Air  Current— 

Cools  Faster— 

At  Less  Cost ! 

The  Surge  Milk  Cooler  ...  by  actual 
test  .  .  .  will  produce  from  13%  to 
23*4%  more  ice.  That’s  because,  it 
operates  on  a  new,  exclusive  prin¬ 
ciple,  the  Shrouded  Air  Current.  It 
combines  the  lowest  operating  cost 
with  the  utmost  efficiency.  The  only 
satisfactory  cooling  is  quick  cooling. 

This  requires  ice;  so  the  Surge 
builds  and  maintains  a  large  block 
of  ice.  All  this  is  fully  explained  in 
our  Illustrated  Free  Book — a  reve¬ 
lation!  Write  for  it! 

With  the  Surge  Cooler,  no  refrig¬ 
eration  engineer  is  needed.  The  com¬ 
pact  Factory  -  Sealed  Compressor 
Unit  .  .  .  adjusted  for  maximum 
efficiency  ,  .  .  comes  complete,  ready 
to  run.  It  can  be  installed  in  a  Fac¬ 
tory-Made  Steel  Insulated  Tank  or 
your  own  insulated  concrete  tank. 

Sizes  2  to  30  can  capacity.  EASY 
TERMS.  Write  us  today! 


Factory 

Sealed 

Unit— Easy  to  Install— and  Take  Out 


NEW  Surge 

MILK  COOLER 


Mail  This  Coupon  for  FREE  B 


I  BABSON  BROS.  CO.,  of  N.  Y.,  566  Spencer  St.,  Dept.  B-306,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  j 

Gentlemen:  Please  mail  to  me  you^  Illustrated  Free  Book  about  the  Surge  Milk  Cooler,  | 
together  with  your  Easy  Terms. 

I 

Name  . . . . . .  I 

I 
I 

-----J 


Town . . . . . .  •  . .  .  R.  F.  D. .  .......  State . 


(414)  12 


American  Agriculturist,  July  18,  1942 


GET  MORE  PROTECTION 

WITH  THIS  NEW  POLICY  . 


costs  \ 
$2.00  A  YEAR 


THIS  POLICY  PAYS 
ON  THESE  ACCIDENTS 

^  By  the  wrecking  or  disablement  of  a  pleasure  type  auto- 
™  "  mobile,  an  automobile  truck,  a  horse  drawn  wagon,  cart, 
sleigh,  ox*  sled,  in  which  the  insured  is  riding  or  driving. 

^  By  the  wrecking  or  disablement  of  a  public  conveyance 
provided  by  common  carrier  for  passenger  service  only 
(aex*oplanes  excluded)  within  which  the  Insured  is  riding  as  a 
fare-paying  passenger  in  the  place  regularly  provided  for 
passenger  service. 

By  being  struck,  knocked  down,  or  run  over  while  walk- 
ing  or  standing  on  a  public  street,  public  sidewalk  or 
public  highway  by  a  moving  vehicle. 

CASH  BENEFITS  PAID 
PROMPTLY  AS  FOLLOWS 

4  $1,000.00  for  loss  of  Life,  or  the  loss  of  the  sight  of 

■  both  Eyes;  or  the  loss  of  any  two  members,  such  as  a 
Hand  and  Foot. 

$500.00  for  loss  of  sight  of  one  Eye,  or  Hand,  or  Foot. 
Loss  of  Life  or  Member  must  occur  within  30  days  from 
the  date  of  accident,  otherwise  weekly  benefits  are  paid. 

3  $10.00  a  week  for  as  many  as  thirteen  weeks  while  totally 

■  disabled  unable  to  do  any  work  whatsoever  —  benefits 
beginning  immediately  following  the  accident.  No  benefits  are 
payable  for  pai'tial  disability. 

This  protection  applies  on  accidents  happening  anywhere  with¬ 
in  the  United  States  or  Canada.  Death  benefits  are  payble  to 
the  named  beneficiary,  all  other  benefits  payable  to  the  insured. 

These  benefits  are  paid  where  the  insured  is  between  the  ages 
of  15-59  years.  One-half  benefits  are  paid  ages  10-15  and  ages 
60-74. 

NO  RED  TAPE  TO  GET 
THIS  LOW-COST  POLICY 

This  policy  is  available  to  any  civilian  over  10  and  not  over  74 
years  of  age  who  is  not  ci'ippled  or  who  has  not  lost  a  Jiand  or 
foot  or  the  sight  of  an  eye.  No  payments  are  made  for  injuries, 
fatal  or  non-fatal,  while  the  insured  is  intoxicated,  or  in  an  air¬ 
craft  or  submarine,  or  in  military  or  naval  service  of  any  coun¬ 
try  at  war  or  while  as  railroad  employee,  watchman,  law  en¬ 
forcement  officer,  or  volunteer  or  paid  fireman. 

Mail  your  application  to: 

North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co. 

N.  A .  Associates  Department 

10  North  Cherry  Street,  Poughkeepsie,  New  York. 


All  Out  for  FARMERS 
and  the  WAR 


I  do  hereby  apply  for  a  North  American  Accident . Insurance  Policy,  Series 
416-R,  which  costs  $2.00  a  year. 

Signed  .  Age  . . 

Street  or  R.  D.  No . 

f*-  O .  State  . 

Beneficiary  . . 

(Write  First  Name  in  Full) 

Relation  of  Beneficiary  . . . 


AMERICAN  FARMER 


1  NO  ONE  IN  HIS  PATRIOTISM.  Like 

his  ancestors  before  him,  he  is  doing 
and  will  do  the  best  he  can.  But  he  can- 
I  not  do  the  impossible.  If  he  loses  his 
|  hired  labor  or  his  sons,  and  then  on  top 
of  that  is  unable  to  get  enough  farm 
j  machinery  or  repair  parts  with  which 
to  carry  on,  the  consumer,  our  allies, 
and  America  itself  are  bound  to  suffer. 

Because  of  the  great  importance  of 
farm 'machinery,  the  editors  of  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist  have  since  the  be¬ 
ginning  of  the  war  been  urging  our 
people  to  take  better  care  of  their  ma¬ 
chinery,  to  order  necessary  repair  parts 
early,  and  our  paper  has  been  full  of 
articles  showing  from  a  practical  oper¬ 
ating  standpoint  how  to  make  repairs 
I  and  adjustments.  One  article  on  this 
l  subject  printed  in  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  brought  over  a  thousand  inquir- 
I  ies  for  more  information. 

YOU,  YOUR  FARM,  and  the  WAR 


With  the  changes  brought  about  by 
the  war,  it  is  almost  impossible  for  the 
[  farmer  to  keep  up  with  the  information 
that  affects  his  daily  operations.  He 
I  must  have  some  source  of  accurate  in¬ 
formation  to  which  he  can  turn  with 
confidence  and  learn  quickly  the  facts 
that  he  must  know  in  order  to  carry 
on.  American  Agriculturist  is  giving 
our  people  these  facts  in  every  issue 
under  the  title  of  “You,  Your  Farm, 

|  and  the  War.”  For  example,  what 
could  be  harder  to  keep  track  of  than 
the  changing  gasoline  situation  ?  The 
same  goes  for  tires.  Is  all  this  talk 
I  about  shortage  of  rubber  just  talk  ? 


( Continued  from  Page  1) 

YIELDS  TO  first  World  War,  show  an  alarmingly 
large  number  of  men  unable  to  pass  an 
Army  test  because  of  physical  defects. 
Many  of  these  physical  defects  go  back 
to  poor  nutrition,  and  it  seems  to  be  a 
fact  that  nearly  as  many  farm  as  city 
boys  are  ejected.  Almost  every  issue 
of  American  Agriculturist  carries  in  its 
Home  Department  interesting,  infor¬ 
mational  articles  on  preparing  better- 
balanced,  more  wholesome  meals. 

Farm  women  are  particularly  inter¬ 
ested  today  in  taking  good  care  of 
everything  they  have,  especially  cloth¬ 
ing,  furniture,  and  equipment  of  all 
kinds.  Nothing  that  we  have  ever  pub¬ 
lished  in  the  Home  Department  has 
been  received  with  more  interest  and 
appreciation  than  the  series  of  mend¬ 
ing  lessons  now  running.  These  teach 
women  the  newest  time-saving  meth¬ 
ods  of  repairing  all  kinds  of  clothing 
and  linens.  Hundreds  of  farm  women 
are  making  scrap  books  of  these  les¬ 
sons  to  keep  for  ready  reference. 

Interest  in  American  Agriculturist’s 
practical  patterns  is  the  greatest  ever. 
These  patterns  fit  the  needs  of  the  hour, 
including  in  addition  to  dress  patterns 
helpful  suggestions  for  choosing  fabrics 
that  are  now  available. 


THE  LEWIS  INVASION 

One  of  American  Agriculturist's 
greatest  helps  to  farm  people  in  re¬ 
cent  years  is  the  part  it  has  taken  in 
stopping  the  John  L.  Lewis  invasion. 
Through  a  fortunate  set  of  circumstan¬ 
ces  we  learned  the  plans  of  the  United 
Mine  Workers  to  take  over  the  dairy 
industry  before  the  attempt  was  made 
to  put  those  plans  into  effect.  In 


^  p  J - - *  J/vav  wauoc  piCLlXO  ill  LU  Liieu  L.  ±11 

There  have  been  so  many  conflicting  straight-from-the-shoulder  articles  in 


stories  about  both  gas  and  tires  that 
|  many  people  have  their  tongues  in 
their  cheeks. 

American  Agriculturist  is  keeping 
I  farmers  informed  on  the  tire  and  gas¬ 
oline  situation,  and  on  all  the  other 
shortages  such  as  burlap  bags,  wire  for 
I  fencing,  etc.  Many  letters  indicate  that 
I  we  have  saved  hundreds  of  farmers 
trouble  and  money  by  this  up-to-the- 
minute  information. 

We  have  worked  with  our  readers  on 
the  war  effort  to  pick  up  every  ounce 
of  waste  rubber,  every  old  piece  of 
iron  and  steel,  and  turn  it  in.  * 

I  MORE  AND  BETTER  GARDENS 

American  Agriculturist  has  redoubled 
its  efforts  to  make  the  farmer  and  his 
I  wife  garden-minded.  As  a  result  of 
our  efforts,  plus  those  of  state  colleges 
and  others,  there  'are  more  and  better 
I  farm  and  village  gardens  this  year 
than  ever  before  in  the  history  of  farm¬ 
ers.  We  are  carrying  on  this  work 
I  now  by  constant  information  on  how 
to  can  fruit  and  vegetables  from  the 
garden  in  order  to  meet  the  rising  cost 
of  living,  and  to  keep  the  farm  family 
from  having  to  buy  canned  supplies 
I  which  the  government  may  need  for 
our  soldiers  and  our  allies. 

I  TO  OUR  WOMEN  READERS 

Speaking  of  canning  reminds  us  that 
I  our  women  readers  are  enthusiastic 
|  about  American  Agriculturist.  Hun¬ 
dreds  of  letters  from  them  say  that 
they  could  not  get  along  without  the  w 
A.  A.  Home  Department,  to  say  nothing  20,000  annually,  cover  every  phase  of 
of  the  other  articles  in  the  paper  which  human  experience.  The  whole  spirit  of 
women  readers  find  interesting  and  the  answers  to  these  letters,  and  the 
helpful.  spirit  of  American  Agriculturist  itself, 

Women  are  more  interested  in  hav-  is  to  give  our  folks  a  lift  over  the  hard 
ing  the  right  food  for  their  families  places,  to  make  them  feel  after  they 
than  they  are  in  any  other  subject.  It  have  read  the  paper  that  peace  will 
is  right  that  they  should  be,  for  recent  follow  this  awful  war,  and  that  life  is, 
Army  records,  as  well  as  records  of  the  after  all,  worth  living. 


American  Agriculturist,  we  told  our 
readers  what  Lewis’  plans  were,  and 
what  his  invasion  would  mean.  All 
farm  organizations  rallied  against  the 
invasion,  set  up  special  organizations 
in  several  different  milk  sheds  through¬ 
out  the  country  to  meet  this  menace, 
with  the  result  that  Mr.  Lewis  and  his 
Mine  Workers  have  been  stopped,  at 
least  temporarily,  from  getting  into 
position,  to  dictate  to  agriculture  and 
to  America. 

We  are  proud  of  the  part  we  played 
in  getting  this  information  to  farmers 
and  their  organization  leaders,  and  we 
are  proud  of  farmers  for  their  good 
judgment  in  refusing  to  have  anything 
to  do  with  Mr.  Lewis  or  his  associates. 

LIFT  OVER  THE  HARD  SPOTS 

Many  letters  from  farm  folks  show 
that  perhaps  our  greatest  contribution 
of  all  in  this  time  of  world  crisis  is 
helping  our  people  keep  up  the  good 
fight.  It  often  takes  more  courage  to 
stay  home  and  work  and  wait  than  it 
does  to  get  into  the  excitement  and  the 
roaring  battle  line.  It  takes  brave  men 
and  women  to  carry  on  the  dull  work 
and  responsibilities  in  these  awful  times 
and  still  maintain  their  cheerful  out¬ 
look  upon  life.  That’s  where  American 
Agriculturist  helps.  This  publication  is 
a  hundred  years  old  this  year.  Through 
all  these  years  it  has  grown  to  be  much 
more  than  just  a  paper.  It  is  an  institu¬ 
tion.  In  many  cases  it  has  been  going 
to  the  same  family  for  from  three  to 
five  generations.  It  is  a  friend.  Letters 
to  the  editors,  totaling  more  than 


13  (415) 


American  Agriculturist,  July  18,  1942 


Baby  Chicks 


VHITSaOtK 


B  BABY 

CHICKS.. 

i 


uo. 


100 


♦  6 


Id 


©  100 

Special  Price  on  LARGE  ORDERS 

All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  llreeders.  100% 
State  Tested  (11WD  free).  Tube  ARglut.  TOL- 
MAN’S  CHICKS  famous  for  RATIO  GROWTH. 
EARLY  MATURITY.  Profitable  EGG  YIKLH 
Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters  or 
market  eggs.  Send  for  FREE  Circular. 

1  SPECIALIZE  ONE  BREED.  ONE 
GRADE  at  ONE  PRICE. 

Oept.  B. 

ROCKLAND 

MASS. 


Cl  cl  i  ivc.  u  v,  t,  foe*. 


TOLMAH 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


Hatches  Mon.  -Tues. -Wed.  -Thurs.  Order  from  a<l  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexcd  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns - $8.00  $14.00  $2.50 

Black  or  White  Minoreas _  8.00  14.00  3.00 

B.  &W.Rox,  It.  I.  Reds,  W.  Wy  8.00  12.00  7.00 

Red-ltock  or  Rock  Red  Cross..  8.00  12.00  7.00 

Jersey  White  Giants _ 10.00  12.00  0.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAA  SUP. )  _  1 2. 00  lfi.00  7.00 

II  Mix  $7;  HEAVY  BROILER  CHIX.  no  sex  guar., 
$6.75;  STARTED  LEG.  PLTS.,  3  to  0  wks.  old.  Breed¬ 
ers  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D.,  100%  live  del.  Postage 
Paid.  AMERICAN  SEXOUS  ONLY.  05%  Accuracy. 
C  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY,  Box  A.  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


JUNIATA 

LEGHORNS 


Our  28th  year  of  breeding  for  larger  and  better 
LEGHORNS.  Our  Breeders  are  Large  Birds,  Blood 
Tested  and  perfectly  healthy.  Write  for  our  large  cir¬ 
cular  showing  actual  photos  of  our  Farm  and  Stock. 
IT  IS  FREE.  Day-old  Chicks  and  Pullets  can  be 
furnished  on  short  notice. 

.  .  .  .  Unsexed — 100  Pullets — 100 

Special  Hollywood  Matings  $8.50  $16.00 

Large  Tom  Barron  Matings  9.00  17.00 

JUNIATA  POULTRY  FARM 
B0*  A,  -  RICHFIELD.  PA. 


C/ie&teA,  f)/atteAj  Chioc  I 


VIM-VIGOR-VITALITY 


Non-Sexed  Pullets  Ckls 
100 


(ASH  OR  C.O.D. 

Special  Mating  Hanson  Str. 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS  — _ $9.00 

Large  English  S.  C.  Wh.  Leghorns  8.00 

Bar.  <fe  Wh.  Rocks,  R.  I.  Reds _ 9.00 

Red-Rock  Cross  &  Rock -Red  Cross.  10.00 
New  Hampshire  Reds  Special  AAA.  12.00 
Heavy  Mixed  $8 — 100.  Heavy  Broiler' Ukls 
tion)  $6 — 100.  All  Breeders  Blood  Tested. 

Sexing  guar.  95%,  accurate.  Order  direct  from  adv.  , 
write  for  FREE  actual  photo  eat.  giving  full  inform! 
’em  of  our  Breeders  and  Breeding  Program. 

Chester  Valley  Hatchery,  Box  A,  McAlisterville.  P 


100 

100 

$16.00 

$3.00 

15.00 

3.00 

12.00 

8.00 

13.00 

8.00 

16.00 

8.00 

i.  ( our 

selee- 

.  Post 

-Paid. 

Chicks  That  Live 


Our  34  years  of  fair  dealing  insure 
satisfaction.  Hatches  every  week. 
Write  for  prices. 

KERR  CHICKER1ES,  Inc. 

21  Railroad  Ait.  French  town,  N.  J. 


ULSH  FARMS  CHICKS 


All  Breeders  carefully  culled  and  Bloodtested.  Ordt 
direct.  Satisfaction  and  safe  arrival  Guar.  Cat.  Fret 
Shipments  Mon.  &  Thurs.  —  Unsexed,  Pullets,  Cock’l 
Postage  Paid.  Will  Ship  C.O.D.  per  100 
Large  White  or  Drown  Leghorns.$8.00 

Black  Leghorns  or  Aneonas _ 8.50 

Barred,  White  &  Buff  Hocks _ 8.50 

R  1.  Reds — New  Ilampshir.es _ 8.50 

Red-Rocks  or  Rock-Red  Cross _ 8.50 

Heavy  or  Light  Assorted _ 6.00 

IMMEDIATE  DEL.  Sexing  95%.  Our 


per  100  per  It 

$14.00  $3.0(J 
15.00 
12.00 
12.50 
12.00 
12.00 
21st 


4.00 

8.00 

7.50 

8.00 

5.00 

year. 


ULSH  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A,  Port  Trevorton, 

SPECIAL  PRICED  CHICK! 

FEW  WEEKS  ONLY.  UNSEXED  PLTS. 

1  ullorum  Tested  Breeders.  100  100 

”h. ,  Bl.  &  Buff  Leghorns _  $7.00  $13.00 

Bailed,  Wh.  &  Buff  Rocks _  7.50  (2.00 

Red  Rock  Cross,  New  Hamps—  7.75  12.50 

>  „ in2l,n2(1l?u‘  Shipment.  C.O.D.  Postage  Paid. 
LeVAN  S  CHICKERY,  Box  A,  Bloomsburg,  R.  I, 


CKI, 
10' 
$3. 
6. 
7. 


reduced  summer  prices 

WENE/T  CHICKS 


or  crossbreeds.  Sexed.  U.  S.  N.  J.  Approved.  Bloc 
rested.  Hatches  weekly  year  around.  Literature  FREE. 

WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  Box  6-4,  VINELAND,  N. 


Baby  Chicks—^ 


atalog  FREE.  CHERRY  HIL 
POULTRY  FARM,  McAlisterville,  Pt 


DUCKLINGS 


Duckli 


ngs: 


White  Runners,  $1 


-100. 


HARRY 


BURNHAM,  North  Collins.  N.  Y. 


hotel  great  northern 


III  Centrally  located  in  midtown 
■  IN  York.  Near  Radio  City, 

‘I  I  theatres,  fine  shops.  Large  com- 
|  I  iortable  and  attractive  gi 

|  I  ROOM  AND  BATH  from _ 5,1 

&  AAA  Hotel.  Garage  ad - 
M  joins  our  111  West  56 th 
M  St.  entrance.  Folder  Per  day- 
■  118  WEST  57th  ST„  NEW  YORK 


'2Z5 


What  Price  Broilers  ? 


< Jfuttati 


fey  fl,  G. 

UnpHE  SURPLUS  sets  the  price.” 

A  This  is  one  of  the  standard 
sayings  in  many  markets.  I’ve  often 
heard  it  in  the  egg  market.  It  means 
that  When  the  supply  is  heavier  than 
the  immediate  demand  for  a  product, 
it  has  to  be  forced  on  the  market  at  a 

price.  This  price 
may  be  a  speculat¬ 
or’s  price.  The 
Speculator  may 
not  want  the  eggs, 
but  if  you  offer 
them  to  him  cheap 
enough  to  make  a 
long  holding  in 
storage  look  safe 
and  profitable,  he’ll 
probably  buy  them. 
For  this  reason  a 
surplus  usually 
lowers  prices  not 
only  on  itself  but 
for  the  whole  mar¬ 
ket  on  the  product 
that  is  in  surplus. 
If  the  surplus  comes  at  a  time  when 
storage  isn’t  the  way  out,  such  as  late 
summer  or  early  winter,  on  eggs,  then 
wholesale  and  retail  prices  are  cut  to 
get  people  to  -eat  more  of  them. 

It  works  the  same  in  the  broiler, 
fowl,  roaster,  or  turkey  'market. 

With  a  heavy  hatch  of  baby  chicks 
this  spring,  broilers  are  coming  to 
market  faster  and  a  surplus  is  in  sight 
for  July.  Some  will  be  stored,  but 
even  this  may  not  take  up  all  the  slack. 

Laying  flocks  are  large,  possibly  the 
largest  in  our  history.  This  means 
marketing  fowls  in  great  quantities 
from  August  1  to  November  1.  This 
is  still  the  storing  season  on  poultry 
meat.  Also,  the  government  has  just 
announced  a  canned  fowl  buying  pro¬ 
gram.  Maybe  these  two  will  use  up 
the  surplus.  Government  officials  seem 
to  doubt  it,  for  they  have  recently 
held  a  meeting  in  Washington  with 
representatives  of  the  poultry  indus¬ 
try,  urging  these  representatives  to  de¬ 
velop  sales  and  consumer  campaigns. 

The  turkey  crop  is  very  large  and 
will  add  greatly  to  the  huge  supply  of 
poultry  meat. 

The  Poultry  and  Egg  National  Board 
on  which  producers  have  a  majority 
representation,  is  mobilizing  to  train 
its  guns  on  these  surpluses^  It’s  a 
good  thing  we  have  a  Board.  We’re 
going  to  need  it  more  and  more. 

There  are  two  ways  to  get  more 
customers  for  poultry  and  eggs  —  one 
is  to  push  the  price  down  to  where 
more  and  more  people  can’t  resist  buy¬ 
ing  them  and  the  other  is  to  persuade 
people  to  eat  more  through  good  ad¬ 
vertising  and  promotion  publicity. 

Industrial  concerns  spend  many  mil¬ 
lions  of  dollars  each  year  on  the  second 
method.  It  must  pay  or  they  wouldn’t 
keep  increasing  their  advertising  ex¬ 
penditures.  Many  groups  of  farmers 
are  using  the  same  system  to  get  folks 
eating  more  of  their  products. 

In  our  business  we  have  not  yet 
been  able  to  gather  together  more  than 
a  few  thousand  dollars  for  this  pur¬ 
pose,  but  we’re  making  this  small  fund 
work  hard. 

Keep  these  probable  surpluses  in 
mind  and  keep  the  Poultry  and  Egg 
National  Board  in  mind  when  you  plan 
your  chicken  business. 

— A.  a. — 

SOAKED  OATS 

Here  is  a  suggestion  to  use  as  a 
substitute  for  wet  mash  to  keep  the 
hens  laying.  Fill  a  pail  half  full  of 
oats.  Then  fill  it  to  the  top  with 
water.  Allow  it  to  stand  a  day,  and 
then  add  enough  dry  mash  to  take  up 
any  excess  moisture.  Feed  in  the  af¬ 


ternoon,  giving  as  much  as  the  hens 
will  clean  up  in  half  an  hour. 

— A.  a. — 

HEN  MANURE 

After  setting:  out  ray  raspberry  patch, 
both  red  and  black,  with  rows  6  ft.  apart 
and  plants  between  3  and  4  ft.  apart,  I’m 
wondering  if  I  might  make  use  of  some 
chicken  manure  I  have  on  hand,  using  a 
forkful  between  each  plant.  It  contains 
quite  a  bit  of  litter,  and  is  not  real  fresh, 
and  still  I  fear  it  might  burn  the  young 
roots. 

The  greatest  objection  I  see  to  your 
plan  is  the  possibility  of  adding  a  lot 
of  weed  seeds  to  your  raspberry  patch. 
Weeds  are  particularly  hard  to  control 
in  raspberries,  and  every  effort  should 
be  made  to  keep  vVeed  seeds  out.  In 
general,  weed  seeds  will  not  sprout  after 
they  pass  through  the  digestive  sys¬ 
tems  of  hens.  So,  if  you  will  use  the 
scrapings  from  the  dropping  boards, 
you  will  get  away  from  this  possibility 
of  weeds. 

I  wouldn’t  worry  about  burning  the 
roots,  but  I  would  be  careful  about 
putting  on  any  type  of  manure  or 
fertilizer  too  late  in  the  season.  You 
may  induce  growth  late  in  the  season 
which  will  be  tender  and  susceptible  to 
winter  -killing.  The  best  time  to  fer¬ 
tilize  the  soih  for  berries  is  before  the 
plants  are  set  out.* 

Poultry  manure  contains  less  mois¬ 
ture  than  cow  manure,  and  is  there¬ 
fore  worth  about  twice  as  much  per 
ton.  Keeping  in  mind  the  caution 
about  weed  seeds,  poultry  manure  is 
excellent  to  use  on  gardens  and  fruits 
— in  fact,  any  crop. 

— A.  a. — 

WE  NEED  HELP! 

( Continued  from  Page  8) 
and  more  help  from  rural  areas.” — 
C.  K.,  Tolland  County,  Conn. 

“Small  farmers  in  areas  around  de¬ 
fense  plants  are  selling  off  small  flocks 
and  herds  because  they  can  get  high 
wages.  In  such  areas,  considerable 
hay  will  not  be  harvested.  I  expect 
conditions  will  be  worse  next  year.” — 
J.  R.  G.,  Merrimack  County,  N.  H. 

NEW  JERSEY 

“Industry  is  taking  hundreds  of  farm 
workers  from  fields.  Farmers  have 
met  the  situation  by  working  them¬ 
selves  and  their  families  longer  hours 
and  by  greater  juse  of  machinery. 
There  has  been  some  crop  shifting. 
Hundreds  of  acres  that  normally 
would  have  gone  to  cash  crops  have 
been  put  into  soybeans  and  soil-build¬ 
ing  crops.  A  lot  of  asparagus  in  New 
Jersey  was  not  cut,  and  other  fields 
were  not  cut  when  in  their  prime.  The 
big  pinch  will  come  when  tomatoes  and 
peaches  are  ready  to  '  harvest.  Pack¬ 
age  prices  are  mounting  and  are  go¬ 
ing  to  be  prohibitive  on  many  prod¬ 
ucts.  Farm  workers  on  piecework 
have  been  making  $5  to  $10  a  day. 
Growers  have  abandoned  or  lost  frbm 
10%  to  20%  of  their  tomato  acreage 
because  of  their  inability  to  get  help.” 
— A.  K.,  Gloucester  County,  N.  J. 

“Experienced  farm  hands  are  very 
scarce.  I  have  used  some  high  school 
boys  for  harvesting  and  packing  fruit. 
I  have  had  more  applications  than 
usual,  but  older  and  more  experienced 
help  is  needed  to  keep  them  in  line.” — 
A.  L.  R.,  Burlington  County,  N.  J. 


CATCH 


5  DAYS’  CATCH 

OF  FLIES 
SUMMER 

THE  “SENTRY”  FLY  TRAP 

»M0ST  EFFECTIVE  METHOD  of  catching  flies  in 
^  great  numbers  because  the  bait  lures  them  to  it. 
More  comfort  from  this  enemy  of  man  and  animal  .  .  , 
and  you  will  actually  save  in  spray. 

Hundreds  in  use  at  poultry  and  dairy  farms,  hotels, 
restaurants,  markets,  hospitals  and  homes. 

Sturdily  constructed  —  all  metal  —  26  in.  high  —  - 
doubly  rust  proof  —  built  to  last  for  years. 


SHIPPED  PREPAID,  ONLY  $3.85 
Complete  with  bait  pan  and  full  information 


MONEY  -  BACK  Guarantee 

Limited  Quantity.  Send  Check  or  Money  Order  Today  ! 

BATH  METAL  PRODUCTS  CO. 

BATH,  N.  Y. 


Thousands  of  poultry  raisers  insist  on 
GIZZARD  CAPSULES,  the  wormer 
they  KN 0  W  won’t  sicken  birds  or  check 
egg  production.  Forall3kindsofwonns 
— Pin,  Large  Round  and  Large  Tape 
Worms.  Gets  the  heads  of  all  species  of 
Tapeworms  that  any  product  on  the 
market  can  get.  GIVE  them  GIZZARD 
CAPSULES  NOW  before  “profit-rob¬ 
bing”  worms  hold  back  weight  or  steal 
your  winter  egg  money.  Costs  about 
lc  or  less  per  bird.  At  your  nearby  Lee 
Dealer,  (drug,  feed  or  hatchery)  or  post¬ 
paid  from 

GEO.  H.  LEE  CO.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 


PROTECT  CHICKS  FOR  LIFE 


Against  TRACHEITIS  &  FOWL 

with  Wene  U.S.  Licensed  Vaccines. 

Cost  is  less  than  one  egg  per  bird.  No 
physical  setback.  Information  free.  _ _ 

Wene  Poultry  Laboratories,  Dept-V-G4, Vineland,  N.  J, 


POX 


FRCi  BOOK  ON 
POULTRY  DISEASES 


Feeding  poultry  impregnated  charcoal  gets  results. 
Thousands  enthused  customers.  SINE,  Quakertown,  Pa. 


Wrappings,  Everyday  Cards.  Bigline 

Deluxe  Personal  Christmas  Cards.  _ 

All  easy  money-makers  for  you.  Special  plan  for 
clubs,  church  groups,  etc.  Write  for  FREE  samples. 

WETMORE  &  SUGDEN,  INC. 

749  Monroe  Ave.,  Dept.  1143,  Rochester,  N.Y. 


Gerald  A.  Swift,  West  Paris,  Maine. 


BEAUTIFUL  DRAWING  OF  RELATIVE, 
FRIEND  or  SELF  only  $122.  Think  of  it ! 

An  attractive  7x9  drawing,  by  a  well-known  artist, 
at  a  price  so  low,  it’s  almost  unbelievable.  Send  no 
Money!  Just  mail  clear  photograph  (semi-profile  pre¬ 
ferred)— you  pay  postman  $1.00  for  black  and  white, 
or  $2.00  for  color,  plus  few  cents  postage,  when  deliv¬ 
ered.  If  not  pleased,  your  money  will  be  refunded. 

G.  Creighton,  415  Lexington  Ave.,  New  York  City 


FARMERS ! 

Get  your  latest 

Local  Market  Report 

and 

Farm  News 

W  BT  A 

12:07  p.  m.  (noon)  Mon.  thru  Friday. 
Sponsored  by 

DEANS 

Cut  Rate  Drugs,  84  Main  St.,Batavia,N.Y. 


Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


(416)  14 


American  Agriculturist,  July  18,  1942 


Notitkeoit  ManJzeti  jpA.  NasdUeadt  Pna&wceSiA. 


"American  Agriculturist’s  Classifietl  Page 


HOLSTEIN 


TRY  “WAIT  FARMS”  FIRST 

for  your  next  Herd  Sire.  We  specialize  on  Type  and 
Production.  2  Gold  Medal  Herd  Sires,  2  Silver  Medal. 
Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  THAEUB^T  £aryms' 

ORCHARD  HILL  STOCK  FARM 

offers  for  sale  Carnation  bred  bulls  of  excellent  type 
from  high  producing  dams  and  sired  by 
Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

M.  R.  Klock  &  Son,  Fort  Plain,  N.  Y. 
Holstein  Bull  Calves,  for  sale  or  lease. 

sons  of  Commodore  Constance.  Dam  K.O.I.  Pauline 
made  Ib.S  lbs.  fat.  28079  lbs.  milk;  was  N.  Y.  State 
Champion.  Out  of  high  producing,  excellent  type  dams 
backed  by  4%  test  dams.  At  farmers’  prices.  PAUL 
STERUSKY.  Sunnyhill  Dairy  Farm,  Little  Falls.  N.  Y. 


For  Sale:  REGISTERED  HOLSTEINS 

Will  sell  30  head.  Your  choice  of  115.  Herd  average 
3.75%  fat  last  eighteen  months.  Many  splendid  fami¬ 
lies  that  combine  show  quality  with  high  production. 
Some  high  quality  young  bulls,  excellent  show  prospects. 
PAUL  SMITH,  NEWARK  VALLEY,  NEW  YORK. 


HEREFORHS 


BULLS 


ALL  AGES,  BY  EXTRA 
WELL  BRED  SIRES,  FROM 
COWS  WITH  GOOD  C.T.A. 
RECORDS 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 


_ GUERNSEY _ 

TARBELL  FARMS  GUERNSEYS 

Federal  Accredited  Negative  Young  Bulls,  also  a  few 
Heifer  calves  closely  related  to  Tarbell  Farms  Peerless 
Margo,  18501  lbs.  milk,  1013  lbs.  fat,  World’s  Cham¬ 
pion  Jr.  3  yr.  old,  and  Tarbell  Farms  Royal  Lenda, 
20508  lbs.  milk,  HOP  lbs.  fat,  World’s  Champion  Jr.  4 
yr.  old.  Visitors  welcome.  For  full  information  write 

TARBELL  FARMS 
Smithville  Flats,  New  York 


For  Sale:  Registered  Guernsey  Bulls. 

READY  FOR  SERVICE,  FROM  600  LB.  DAMS. 
FEW  HEIFERS  UNDER  ONE  YEAR. 

Price  reasonable  (a  good  time  to  buy). 

Lake  Delaware  Farms,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 


HAIRY  CATTLE 

COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.tS.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEINS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 
Wanted:  Guernsey  and  Holstein  Cows, 

REGISTERED. 

Only  Dairymen  with  exceptional  grade  cows  need  answer. 

Jaeger  Bros.,  Lindenhurst,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 


AYRSHIRE 


Two  Registered  Ayrshire  Bulls. 

10  months  old.  Ayrland  Lone  Cedar  Lustre,  Grandson 
of  World’s  Champion  Ayrshire  Cow.  Daisy’s  Lone 
Cedar  Star,  backed  by  five  proven  sires.  Both  bulls 
from  high-producing  dams. 

R.  C.  SUTER,  Lone  Cedar  Farm,  ONTARIO,  N.  Y. 
Irving  F.  Krum,  R.  2,  Livingston  Manor,  N.  Y. 


“I’m  so  busy  learning  to  be  a 
parachute  trooper  that  this  is  the 
only  chance  I  get  to  read  American 
Agriculturist ” 


For  Sale:  Registered  Hereford  Bull. 

I  YEAR  OLD  —  READY  FOR  SERVICE. 
APPROVED  AND  ACCREDITED  HERD. 

SHIP  ANY  STATE.  FARMERS’  PRICES. 

The  Gage  Stock  Farms,  Delanson,  N.  Y. 
FOR  SALE:  Hereford  Cattle 

COWS  —  HEIFERS  —  BULLS. 

INSPECT  AT 

HOLCOMB  STOCK  FARMS, 


HOLCOMB, 


NEW  YORK 


BOB-O-LINK  FARMS 

Registered,  T.B.,  Blood  tested  Herefords,  Foundation 
stock  for  sale.  Cows  and  catves,  Heifers  and  Bulls. 
Visitors  Welcome. 


WOLCOTT, 


NEW  YORK 


ABERDEEN- ANGUS 

FOR  SALE  —  REGISTERED 

Aberdeen  Angus  Cows  and  Calves. 

BANG’S  APPROVED  AND  T.B.  ACCREDITED. 

Mather-Pelton  Farms,  Adams,  N.  Y. 

TELEPHONE  I3F6. 


_ SWINE _ 

Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS.  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD,  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 
REGISTERED  YORKSHIRES 

The  St.  Lawrence  County,  N.  Y.,  Pig  Club 
can  furnish  registered  young  gilts  and  boars, 
also  a  few  choice  bred  gilts.  Foundation  stock 
from  Canada.  Write  to 

C.  Arthur  Patten,  Sec.,  Lawrenceville,  N.  Y 
or  to 

Basil  Cutway,  Hammond,  N.  Y.; 

Bruce  Chapman,  Norwood,  N.  Y.,  R.  1 ; 
Donald  McDonald,  Lisbon,  N.  Y.,  R.  3;  or 
Leonard  McDonald,  Lawrenceville,  N.  Y. 

PIGS:  Poland  China  Pure  Bred  Service 
EOARS,  ETC.  HAMPSHIRE  RAMS. 
C.  W.  HILLMAN,  Vincentown,  N.  J. 

RUGGED  PIGS! 

Chester-Whites,  Chester-Berkshire,  Yorkshire-Chester. 
few  Du  roc  crosses,  6-8  weeks,  $7.50.  Boars,  barrows 
and  sows.  Ship  C.O.D.  two  or  more.  Crates  free. 

CARL  ANDERSON,  CV0SA  „RADSs. 


MISC.  LIVESTOCK 


3?*f VHt&dJu 


5  to  10  very  well  bred  and  grown  Purebred  Guernsey 
2-year-olds.  Fresh  in  October. 

Good  farm  team.  3  matched  pairs  young  mules. 
Purebred  Guernsey  yearling  bull,  son  of  Monies  Major. 


BAB 


BHboEcK.  SUNNYGABLES,  ne'Jhaycoark. 


DOGS 


SHEPHERDS  —  COLLIES 

TRAINED  CATTLE  DOGS  AND  PUPS. 

HEEL  DRIVERS  —  BEAUTIES. 

WILMOT,  'East  Thetford,  Vt. 
FOR  SALE:  German  Shepherd  Puppy, 

FEMALE,  5  MONTHS  OLD. 

Cosalta  breeding,  distemper  inoculated.  $25.00. 

I.  W.  Ingalls,  R.D.  3,  Trumansburg,N.Y. 


HONEY T 


BUCKWHEAT:  5  lbs.,  $1.10; 
10  lbs.,  $2.00.  CLOVER,  5  lbs., 
$1.25;  10  lbs.,  $2.15. 
Postage  prepaid  to  fourth  zone. 

W.  Botsford,  Horseheads,  N.  Y. 


HONEY 


60  lbs.  best  clover 
$8.40  not  prepaid. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed 

F.  W.  Lesser, <Fayetteville,  N.  Y. 


HONEY 


POULTRY 


FOR  SALE: 

REGISTERED  HAMPSHIRE  BRED  GILTS 
I  REGISTERED  BERKSHIRE  OPEN  SOW 
3  SOWS  3  MONTHS  OLD 
15  PURE  BRED.  NOT  REGISTERED, 

POLAND  CHINA  SOWS,  BRED  OR  OPEN,  AND 
50  PIGS  READY  TO  WEAN. 

INSPECT  AT 

HOLCOMB  STOCK  FARMS, 

HOLCOMB,  '  NEW  YORK 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
It  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAM  PSH  IRES, 
BARRED  ROCKS,  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  All  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
Folder  and  Prices. 

WILLIAM  S.  MAPES,  Middletown,  N.  Y. 


POULTRY 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS,  R.  I.  REDS.  NEW 
HAM  PSH  I  RES,  BARRED  CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


The  McGREGOR  FARM 


S.  C.  WhitG  Leghorns — 50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 
THE  McGREGOR  FARM.  Box  A,  MAINE.  N.  Y. 

CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 


Farmers  and  Livestock  Breeders  Who  Advertise  on 
These  Pages  Reach  MoreThan  1 90,000Subscribers 

Write  your  advertisement  below  and  mail  to  American  Agriculturist,  Adver¬ 
tising  Department,  Savings  Bank  Building,  Ithaca,  New  York. 


Signed  .  Address. 


EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

Hatching  Eggs  —  Started  Pullets 
James  E,  Rice  Sc  Sons,  Trumansburg,  N.  Y. 

Walter  Rich’s 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 

BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  U.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
List  describing  our  Leghorns,  Reds,  and 
crossbreds. 

Eli  H.  Bodine,  Box  28,  Chemung,  N.  Y. 


9400 

LAYERS 


Rich  Poultry  Farms 

Leghorns  Progeny  Tested  Reds 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS. 

Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de¬ 
scribes  our  method  of  growing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 
'  HOLSER’S  VALLEY  FARM 

Leading  pen  all  breeds  U.  S.  Contests 
to  June  1. 

FIRST  AT  STORRS  FOR  ALL  BREEDS: 

FIRST  AT  RHODE  ISLAND  FOR  LEGHORNS; 
FIRST  AT  PASSAIC  CO.  FOR  LEGHORNS; 
THIRD  ALL  BREEDS  CENTRAL,  N.  Y.; 

HIGH  HEN  ALL  BREEDS  GEORGIA  TEST. 

TROY,  NEW  YORK.  R.D.  4 
Ci  &  G.  FARMS, 

Breeders  of  Progeny  Tested  R.  I.  Reds  (Parmenter) 
and  Red-Rock-Cross  Red  Pedigree  breeding  Cockerels 
250  to  340  egg  dams.  Breeding  counts. 

C.  &  G.  FARMS,  Baliston  Lake,  N.  Y. 

ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS,  REDS,  ROCK-RED  CROSS.  , 
WHITE  ROCKS  — “They  Satisfy.” 

Pullorum  free,  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  details. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER,  Box  C,  GALLUPVILLE,  N.  Y. 

FARMS  FOR  SALE 

101  Acres  on  Lake,  Good  Bldgs. 

On  all  year  rd.,  close  to  depot  town,  6  mi.  to  city:  60 
acres  for  high-paying  all  N.  Y.  crops,  lake,  spring  and 
creek  water  the  20-cow  pasture,  10  rooms,  electricity 
available,  healthful  elevation;  40x60  basement  barn, 
hip  roof,  outbuildings;  $3300  insurance;  $2500  if  you 
hurry;  page  25  big  Free  catalog  1384  bargains  many 
States. 

STROUT  REALTY 

255-R  4th  Ave.,  New  York  City 


FARM  WANTED 

WANTED -100-200  Acre  Dairy  Farm, 

CENTRAL  NEW  YORK  PREFERRED. 

RETAIL  ROUTE  DESIRABLE.  RESPONSIBLE 
BUYER.  REPLIES  CONFIDENTIAL. 

American  Agriculturist,  Poughkeepsie,  n.  y. 

HELP  WANTED 

Woman  Cook  and  Woman  Asst.  Cook. 

Home  style  mertti.  100  boys.  Dutchess  County  board¬ 
ing  school.  In  reply  state  age,  experience  and  salary 
expected. 

GREER  SCHOOL,  Dutchess  County,  N.Y. 

Married  Couple  as  Cottage-Parents 

to  group  of  boys  in  Protestant  boarding  school.  Ages 
40-55:  minimum  education,  high  school  graduation. 
Salary  and  complete  maintenance. 

GREER  SCHOOL,  Dutchess  County,  N.Y. 

Help  Wanted:  Female—  ^  (SidXo^fo? 

refined  girl  who  prefers  attractive  home  environment 
and  pleasant  variety  to  factory  work.  No  cooking. 
Cultural  opportunity.  No  experience  necessary.  Good 
s  rI  ary 

P.  Q.~  BOX  100, _ MIDDLETOWN,  CONN. 

COOK  WANTED  FOR  JULY 

in  Dutchess  County  home.  Pleasant  country  house, 
friendly  atmosphere.  Possibility  of  permanent  position. 
Good  pay. 

WRITE  BOX  194.  MILLBROOK,  N.  Y„  or 

TELEPHONE  MILLBROOK  2341. _ . 


HERDSMAN  — Single.  ?"  Milk¬ 

ing  45  cows  with  best  butterfat  record  in  county- 
Good  table,  room  and  showei.  Every  third  Sunday  off. 
State  age,  height,  weight,  religion,  education.  Experi¬ 
ence  in  feeding  and  interest  in  herd  improvement  neces¬ 
sary.  Reply  BOX  No.  1032,  TRENTON,  N.  J. 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

This  classified  page  is  for  the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications; 
LIVESTOCK — Cattle,  Swine,  Sheep.  Horses,  Dogs,  Rabbits,  Goats,  Mink,  Ferrets;  FARM  PRODUCE — Field 
Seeds,  Hav  and  Straw,  Maple  Syrup,  Honey.  Pop  Corn,  Miscellaneous;  POULTRY — Breeding  Stock.  Hatching  Eggs- 
EMPLOYMENT— Help  Wanted.  Situation  Wanted-  FARM  REAL  ESTATE— Farms  for  Sale.  Farms  Wanted- 
USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT— For  Sale.  Wanted. 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers’  classified  advertising  rates.  Two 
advertising  space  units  are  offered  as  follows:  space  one  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $6.00  per  issue  or 
space  one-half  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.00  per  issue.  Copv  must  be  received  at  American  Agriculturist. 
Advertising  Dept.,  Box  514,  Ithaca,  N.  Y..  11  days  before  publication  date.  No  Baby  Chick  advertising  ac¬ 
cepted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows:  Jan.  3.  17,  31:  Feb.  14.  28:  Mar.  14,  28;  April  II.  4S. 
May  9,  23;  June  6,  20;  July  4.  18;  Aug.  I,  15.  29;  Sept.  12.  26;  Oct.  10.  24;  Nov.  7.  21;  Dec.  5.  is. 


American  Agriculturist,  July  18,  1942 


IB  (417) 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


Price  manipulations,  controls  or  ceil¬ 
ings  directly  affect  the  value  of  that 
animal  in  your  pasture  or  barn.  That 
is  the  reason  I  am  using  so  much  space 
to  keep  you  in  touch  with  what  is  go¬ 
ing  on. 

The  change  we  spoke  of  as  being 
imminent  two  weeks  ago  has  been  or¬ 
dered  by  Washington.  And,  as  intend¬ 
ed,  it  will  lower  the  price  of  all  cattle 
on  farms,  and  will  put  good  grade  cat¬ 
tle  in  a  worse  position  as  compared  to 
low  grade  cattle. 

Retail  meat  price  ceilings  do  not 
change  (powerful  retail  interests); 
wholesale  ceilings  will  now  be  figured 
from  the  LOWEST,  not  the  HIGHEST, 
average  sale  from  March  16th  through 
the  28th  of  30%  of  any  packer  or 
slaughterer’s  total  quantity  of  that 
grade  of  carcass  or  quarter  of  beef,  or 
carcass  or  saddle  of  veal.  If  that  isn’t 
clear  to  you,  I  can  say  that  it  also  isn’t 
clear  to  thousands  of  others. 

Just  hoiv  much  this  will  lower  the 
value  of  the  cattle  on  your  farm  is  a 
guess.  Probably  on  cow  stuff,  bulls, 
cheap  steers,  etc.,  between  20c  and  40c 
a  hundred,  on  good  cattle  from  75c  to 
$1.  Good  cattle  men  and  pure  bred 
breeders  have  contributed  much  toward 
better  and  more  efficient  livestock.  No 
part  of  the  livestock  industry  can  af¬ 
ford  to  have  these  men  discouraged  or 
discriminated  against. 

These  things  are  also  reflecting  back 


to  feeder  cattle  and  lambs  from  the 
Western  Range.  The  Range  Country 
has  as  much  or  more  feed  than  last 
year.  They,  therefore,  are  not  forced 
to  sell,  and  they  say  they  will  not  un¬ 
less  this  thing  is  straightened  out.  Mid¬ 
west  and  Eastern  feeders  are  taking 
exactly  the  same  position.  All  this 
year,  ceilings  have  been  clamped  on 
after  the  feeder  has  purchased  his 
stock.  He  is  saying  ‘‘Never  again,”  and 
the  whole  situation  is  in  a  stalemate. 

The  O.  P.  A.  pointed  out  “this  new 
order  will  relieve  an  inordinate  squeeze 
against  retail  price  ceilings  on  these 
commodities.”  This  is  just  a  nice  (?) 
way  of  saying  retailers  will  buy  cheap¬ 
er  from  the  wholesaler,  who  in  turn 
must  buy  cheaper  from  the  producer; 
but  the  consumer  will  pay  just  as 
much,  with  Agriculture  carrying  all  the 
load. 

I  see  they  are  still  playing  around 
with  wheat.  Perhaps  the  Northeast 
will  get  some  more  cheap  wheat  for 
feeding  purposes.  It  is  probable.  Watch 
for  it.  While  riding  with  the  well-known 
Cornell  Agronomist,  Dr.  Worthen,  he 
remarked  that  he  had  not  seen  a  poor 
stand  of  wheat  anywhere  over  the 
State  all  season,  and  he  predicted  that 
most  farms  would  break  their  yield 
records.  With  this  in  mind,  livestock 
feeding  this  winter  calls  for  study  as 
to  methods  of  cheapening  rations,  sub¬ 
stitutes  for  corn,  etc. 

I  have  been  watching  the  use  of 
“buck-rakes”  and  “pick-up  balers”, 
harvesting  our  tremendous  tonnage  of 
hay.  I  am  convinced  they  are  both 
labor-savers  and  will  become  a  part  of 
“haying”  on  most  of  our  farms.  I  am 
anticipating  running  into  a  farm  gen¬ 
ius  some  day  who  is  using  both  a 
field  baler  and  a  buck  rake  to  sweep 
up  the  bales  and  carry  them  to  the 
barn.  And,  I  cannot  resist  adding,  with 
a  good  team  of  horses  raking  it  into 
windrows. 


Adjusting  the  Combine 

( Continued  from  Page  6) 


by  heavy  grain,  or  by  closing  the 
tractor  throttle  on  a  corner.  If  field 
conditions  reduce  the  ground  speed,  the 
tractor  should  be  put  into  a  lower  gear 
so  that  the  motor  speed  and  the  power 
take-off  speed  remain  constant. 

STRAW  RACK 

Improper  operation  of  the  straw  rack 
is  indicated  by  loose  grain  coming  over 
the  rack  with  the  straw.  The  amount 
of  loose  grain  can  be  determined  by 
holding  a  hat  or  a  bag  at  the  end  of 
the  straw  rack.  On  most  combines 
there  are  no  adjustments  on  the  rack 
to  correct  for  loss  of  grain,  but  grain 
loss  at  this  point  indicates  incorrect 
adjustment  at  several  other  points  as 
follows : 

Just  above  the  rack  are  one  or  more 
flaps  of  either  canvas  or  metal  that 
can  be  raised  or  lowered.  The  pur¬ 
pose  of  these  flaps  is  to  force  the 
straw  down  onto  the  rack  as  soon  as  it 
leaves  the  cylinder.  Grain  loss  at  the 
straw  rack  may  be  reduced  by  lower- 
^ug'  the  flaps.  If  the  machine  is  equip¬ 
ped  with  a  down  beater  just  back  of 
the  cylinder,  the  flap  should  not  be 
lowered  to  where  it  causes  the  down 
beater  to  wrap  with  straw. 

Another  cause  of  grain  loss  at  the 
straw  rack  is  over-threshing  which 
breaks  the  straw  and  weeds  into  small 
pieces.  These  small  pieces  may  clog 
the  rack  and  prevent  kernels  from  fall¬ 
ing  through  into  the  grain  pan. 

The  third  common  cause  of  straw- 
I’ack  loss  is  attempting  to  overload  the 
machine  with  straw.  Frequently  grain 
loss  at  the  rack  can  be  eliminated  by 
cutting  a  higher  stubble  and  if  this 
!'3  n°t  sufficient,  it  may  be  necessary 
g°  into  a  lower  gear  to  reduce 


ground  speed  in  relation  to  the  speed 
of  the  combine  mechanism,  or  to  cut  a 
narrower  swath. 

When  grain  loss  over  the  straw  rack 
persists,  the  speed  of  the  rack  should 
be  checked.  If  the  straw  rack  is  belt 
driven,  slippage  of  the  belt  may  reduce 
the  speed  sufficiently  to  cause  poor 
separation. 

SHOE  AND  FAN 

Grain  loss  at  the  chaffer  and  clean¬ 
ing  sieves  can  also  be  checked  by 
catching  the  loose  grain  that  comes  off 
the  sieves  in  a  hat  or  a  bag.  Loss  of 
grain  at  this  point  may  occur  because 
of  overthreshing.  It  also  occurs  be¬ 
cause  of  incorrect  adjustment  of  the 
wind  blinds  or  deflectors  or  the  incor¬ 
rect  adjustment  of  the  sieves  or  the 
use  of  the  wrong  non-adjustable 
sieves. 

If  grain  loss  is  too  high  and  the 
machine  is  doing  a  good  job  of  clean¬ 
ing,  thq  sieves' may  be  opened  until  the 
clean  grain  becomes  slightly  dirty.  At 
that  time,  the  wind  can  be  adjusted 
to  remove  all  of  the  chaff.  Should  the 
grain  still  blow  off  the  end  of  the 
sieves,  the  trouble  may  be  due  to  over¬ 
loading  of  the  sieves  due  to  over¬ 
threshing  and  it  may  be  necessary  to 
lower  the  cylinder  speed  to  reduce 
breaking  of  the  straw. 

INSTRUCTION  BOOK 

The  instruction  book  furnished  for 
each  combine  manufacturer  contains 
detailed  information  about  the  adjust¬ 
ments  for  different  crops  harvested. 
Complete  familiarity  with  this  book 
enables  any  combine  operator  to  use 
his  machine  more  efficiently. 


There  are  seven  (7)  newscasts 
every  24  hours  on 


7:00  A.  M. 

7:55 

A.  M. 

12:05  P.  M. 

6:00 

P.  M. 

11:00  P. 

M, 

2:00  A.  M. 

4:00 

A.  M. 

plus  four  (4)  regular 

commentators, 

David  E.  Kessler 

M 

8:45  A. 

M. 

Baukhage  Talking 

■ 

1:00  P. 

M. 

Lowell  Thomas  - 

- 

6:45  P. 

M. 

and  notv  - 

/ 

Earl  Godwin 

■ 

8:00  P. 

M. 

For  the  latest  in  news, 
hot  off  the  wires,  tune 

WHAM 

Rochester,  N.  Y.  11 80  on  Yonr  Dial 


GIVE  GREATER  STRENGTH  &  CAPACITY 


WRITE  FOR  FREE  FOLDER 
GRANGE  SILO  CO.,  *  RED  CREEK,  N.  Y 


*  CONCRETE  * 

a  r 

Ml 

rnrnmwm  rn 

*  METAL  * 

SWINE 


PIGS  FOR  SALE  ! 

We  are  prepared  to  fill  orders  for  pigs,  CHESTER  AND 
YORKSHIRE  CROSSED,  or  BERKSHIRE  &  CHES¬ 
TER  CROSSED — 5  weeks  old  $6.75;  6  to  7  weeks 
old,  $7r8  to  9  weeks  old,  $7.50.  Limited  number  of  lo 
weeks  extra  sized  pigs  at  $8  ea.  CHESTER  WHITES, 
7  to  8  wks.  old,  $7.50.  Will  ship  2  or  more  C.O.D. 

A  M  LUX  FARM  206  Washington  st.. 
.tt.  m.  lua  rrtivm,  woburn.  mass. 


Dailey  Stock  Farm 

LEXINGTON,  MASS.  TEL.  1085. 

Top  Quality  Pigs 

4-5  WEEKS,  $7.00  EACH;  6-7  WEEKS,  $7.25  EACH; 
8  WEEKS  EXTRAS.  $7.75  EACH. 

SHIPPED  C.O.D. 


Walter  Lux,  Tel.  0086,  Woburn,  Mass. 

YORKSHIRE  &.  CHESTER  CROSS,  BERKSHIRE  & 
YORKSHIRE  CROSS.  CHESTER  WHITE  PIGS. 

5  wks.  old,  $7  each;  6-7  wks.  old,  $7.50  each;  8-9 
wks.  old,  $8.50  each.  All  large  type  stock.  Ship  2  or 
more  C.O.D.  Check  or  money  order.  If  they  please 
you  keep  them,  if  not  return  them. 


NEW  SILO  FOR  OLD  •  •  • 

AT  1/2  THE  COST  / 


Save  Materials! 


Rebuild  that  old,  leaky,  collapsed 
wood  stave  silo  1  Save  old  staves, 
cover  with  Silafelt  for  warmth 
■ — Crainelox  Spiral  Binding  for 
strength — and  you  have  a  famous 
Triple -Wall  Silo!  For  FREE 
FOLDER  and  easy  terms,  write 

CRAINE,  INC. 

722 ‘Pine  St.,  Norwich,  N.  Y. 


CRAINE  SILOS 


Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


NEWTON'8  VETERINARY  COMPOUND 

TTsed  for  over  60  years,  for 
coughs  due  to  colds.  Powder 
form.  Easily  ,  given.  Eco¬ 
nomical.  13  oz.  size,  65c — 
2  lbs.,  $1.25  (25  days  treat¬ 
ment).  At  dealers  or  mailed 
postpaid.  Write  for  FREE 
For  Horses.  Cattle,  Hogs  circular. 

Newton  Horse  Med.  Co.,  5170  Hillsboro,  Detroit,  Mich. 


WANTED  TO  BUY :  School  Busses. 

Any  type  or  model.  Wire  or  write  and  representative  will 
call.  W.  E.  McCarthy,  20  Prospect  St.,  Woburn,  Mass. 


David  Topple,  R.  I,  Columbia,  Conn. 


BLIZZARD 

ENSILAGE  CUTTER  -  HAY  CHOPPER 


LEAZ2S  FROM 
ALL  A/V&CES 


Your  Blizzard  is  more  valuable  than  ever !  It 
saves  labor,  time,  money.  Handles  any  crop 
wet,  green  or  dry  —  delivers  anywhere, 
any  angle.  Keep  your  Blizzard  in  tip-top 
condition  .  .  .  check  up  now  and  order 
needed  repair  parts  from  your  nearest 
BLIZZARD  deal¬ 
er  or  distributor. 


BLIZZARD  MFG.  CO 

Box  A, 


CANTON,  OHIO 


MARIETTA  CONCRETECORP. 

Marietta,  Ohio  (Dept.ffl  Baltimore,  Mil. 
Schenectady.  N.Y.  Lilesvilie,  N.C. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICEI 

Our  1942  Concrete  quota  is 
SOLD.  But  if  you  want  a  GOOD, 
new  Silo,  we  can  still  supply  a 
limited  number  of  Marietta's 
Super-Wood  Silos  —  for  prompt 
delivery.  ...Special  tested 
hooping;  —  for  Hay.  All-Wood 
splice — heart  stock — Oregon  Fir. 
Redwood,  hinged  doors.  . . .  Don’t 
delay!  Write  TODAY  !  .  .  . 
(Also  "Defense"  Alt-Wood  Silo- 
No  Metal.) 


(418)  16 


American  Agriculturist,  July  18,  1942 


Desserts 


BY  MRS.  GRACE  WATKINS  HUCKETT 


VERY  APPEALING  sugar-sav¬ 
ing  desserts  result  from  using 
thff  following  for  sweetening: 
Molasses,  corn  sirup,  honey, 
maple  sirup,  maple  sugar;  dried  fruits 
in  puddings,  cereals,  cakes,  and  as 
fruit  fillings;  jellies  and  jams  in  des¬ 
serts  or  as  cake  toppings;  canned  fruit 
sirups,  thickened  for  pudding  or  ice 
cream,  or  un thickened;  canned  fruit 
sirups  for  sweetening  iced  beverages; 
commercially  prepared  products  which 
are  already  sweetened;  pudding,  cake 
or  ice  cream  mixtures;  marshmallows; 
sweet  or  semi-sweet  chocolate;  sweet¬ 
ened  condensed  milk. 

The  recipes  which  follow  make  use 
of  these  various  sweeteners.  Start 
your  sugar-saving  recipe  collection 
now  and  keep  adding  to  it. 

Gingerbread  Apple  Cake 


I  '/a  cups  sifted  flour 
3  teaspoons  baking 
powder 

(4  teaspoon  soda 
I  teaspoon  ginger 
(4  teaspoon  cinnamon 


(4  teaspoon  salt 
1/4  cup  shortening 
14  cup  New  Orleans  (no- 
lasses 

(4  cup  milk 

2  cups  chopped  sour  apples 


Sift  together  dry  ingredients.  Cut 
in  the  shortening  with  pastry  blender 
or  two  knives.  Combine  molasses  and 
milk  and  add,  mix.T.g  with  a  knife  to 
keep  mixture  light.  Spread  in  a  6x10 
greased  pan  and  sprinkle  apples  over 
the  top.  Bake  in  a  moderately  hot 
oven  (400°  F.)  35  to  40  minutes. 

Serve  hot  with  Lemon  Sauce.  (10  serv¬ 


ings.) 

LEMON  SAUCE  FOR  APPLE  CAKE 

2  tablespoons  cornstarch  Few  grains  salt 

1/2  cup  water  Juice  of  I _  lemon 

i/2  cup  corn  sirup  I  tablespoon  butter 

Combine  cornstarch  and  water.  Add 
corn  sirup  and  cook  over  low  flame 
until  mixture  starts  to  boil.  Boil  5 
minutes,  add  salt,  lemon  juice  and  but¬ 
ter.  Stir  until  well  blended. 

Drop  Cookies 


%  cup  melted  shortening  (4  teaspoon  salt 

1  cup  New  Orleans  mo-  I  teaspoon  cinnamon 

lasses  Vi  teaspoon  ginger 

2  eggs,  beaten  Vi  cup  milk 

2(4  cups  sifted  flour  Vi  teaspoon  soda 

4  tsps.  baking  powder  I  teaspoon  lemon  extract 
>  I  cup  raisins,  chopped 


Mix  shortening  and  molasses.  Add 
eggs  and  stir  until  blended.  Sift  to¬ 
gether  dry  ingredients,  and  add  to 
first  mixture  alternately  with  the  milk, 
in  which  the  soda  has  been  dissolved. 
Add  lemon  extract  and  raisins.  Drop 
by  teaspoons  on  greased  baking  sheet. 
Bake  in  hot  oven  (400  to  425°  F. ) 
eight  to  10  minutes.  (Makes  4  to  5 
dozen  cookies.) 


Steamed  Blueberry  Pudding 

I  teaspoon  soda  I  cup  milk 

Vi  teaspoon  salt  I  egg 

3  cups  flour  I  cup  New  Orleans  molasses 

I  Vi  cups  blueberries 

Sift  soda  and  salt  with  flour.  Gradu¬ 
ally  add  milk,  molasses  and  beaten 
egg.  Stir  in  blueberries  carefully. 
Pour  into  buttered  molds  and  steam  3 
to  4  hours.  Makes  2  puddings  in  1  lb. 
coffee  tins.  (Serves  12  to  16  people.) 

Vanilla  Blanc  Mange 

% 

3Vi  cups  milk  6  tablespoons  corn  starch 

Vi  cup  white  corn  sirup  '4  teaspoon  salt 
I  teaspoon  vanilla 

Heat  3  cups  milk  and  corn  sirup  in 
double  boiler.  Blend  cornstarch,  salt 
and  y2  cup  cold  milk,  and  add  slowly 
to  hot  mixture.  Stir  constantly  until 
pudding  thickens,  then  occasionally  for 


about  5  minutes  more.  Remove  from 
stove,  stir  in  vanilla,  and  pour  into 
moulds.  Chill  and  serve  with  crushed 
fruit  or  chocolate  sauce. 

Walnut  Pie 

I  cup  dark  corn  sirup  Vi  teaspoon  salt 

4  tbsps.  melted  butter  I  tbsp.  grated  orange  rind 

5  tablespoons  sugar  2  tablespoons  orange  juice 

34  cup  chopped  walnuts  3  eggs 

Beat  the  eggs  until  light,  add  all  of 
remaining  ingredients,  pour  into  an  un¬ 
baked  pie  crust  and  bake  in  a  hot 
oven  (450°  F.)  for  10  minutes,  then 
reduce  to  moderate  (350°  F.)  and  cook 

35  to  40  minutes  longer.  Center 
should  be  firm  to  touch. 


Apple  Brown  Betty 

!4  cup  butter  4  cups  sliced  raw  apples 

2  cups  bread  crumbs  or  2  cups  apple  sauce 

Vi  lemon — juice  and  rind  Vi  cup  honey 

(may  be  omitted  with  Vi  cup  warm  water 
tart  apples)  (4  teaspoon  cinnamon 

Vi  teaspoon  nutmeg 

Melt  butter  and  stir  into  bread 
crumbs.  Add  lemon  juice  and  rind  to 
apples.  Mix  honey  with  water.  Place 
a  layer  of  crumbs  in  a  buttered  bak¬ 
ing  dish  and  cover  with  a  layer  of  ap¬ 
ples.  Moisten  with  honey  mixture 
and  sprinkle  with  part  of  the  season¬ 
ings.  Repeat  layers,  making  moisten¬ 
ed  crumbs  the  top  layer. 

Bake  in  a  moderate  oven  (350°  F.) 
until  crumbs  are  well  browned,  about 
30  to  45  minutes.  Baking  dish  may 
be  covered  during  first  fifteen  min¬ 
utes.  Serve  with  cream  sweetened 
with  honey. 

MAPLE  SUGAR  SAUCE 

I  cup  maple  sugar  I  tablespoon  flour 

%  cup  hot  water  2  tablespoons  butter 

Blend  flour  with  sugar,  add  hot 
water,  let  come  to  boil,  stirring  con¬ 
stantly.  Add  butter,  then  pour  mix¬ 
ture  over  well-beaten  egg,  continuing 
to  stir.  Serve  the  sauce  hot  over 
steamed  pudding  or  fruit  cobbler. 


Raisin  Pudding  Delight 


I  cup  seedless  raisins 

1  tablespoon  granulated 
gelatin 

2  tablespoons  cold  water 
2  egg  yolks 

(4  cup  granulated  sugar 


'A  teaspoon  salt 
I  cup  scalded  milk 
Vi  teaspoon  vanilla 
I  dozen  marshmallows 

1  cup  whipping  cream 

2  peach  halves,  canned 


Boil  raisins  5  minutes,  drain  and 
cool.  Soften  gelatin  in  cold  water. 
Mix  egg  yolks  with  sugar  and  salt; 
add  scalded  milk.  Cook  over  hot 


water  until  custard  coats  the  spoon ; 
remove  from  fire,  add  vanilla  and  soft¬ 
ened  gelatin,  and  stir  until  dissolved. 
Add  marshmallows  while  custard  is 


hot,  to  melt  partially.  When  cold,  add 
raisins  and  sliced  peaches,  and  fold  in 
whipped  cream.  Serve  chilled  in  stem¬ 
med  glasses.  (S  servings.) 


Jelly  Cream  Cake 

2(4  cups  sifted  cake  flour  Vi  cup  butter  or  other 
2(4  teaspoons  double-act-  shortening 

ing  baking  powder  or  I  cup  light  corn  sirup 
3(4  teaspoons  tartrate  2  eggs,  unbeaten 
or  phosphate  baking  (4  cup  milk 
powder  I  teaspoon  vanilla 

(4  teaspoon  salt  (4  teaspoon  almond  extract 

Sift  flour  once,  measure,  add  bak¬ 
ing  powder  and  salt  and  sift  together 
3  times.  .Cream  shortening,  add  sirup 
gradually,  beating  well  after  each  ad¬ 
dition.  Add  !4  the  flour  and  beat  until 
smooth  and  well  blended.  Add  eggs 
one  at  a  time  beating  well  after  each. 
Add  remaining  flour  in  thirds,  alter¬ 
nately  with  milk  in  halves.  For  best 
results  beat  cake  very  well  at  each 


stage  of  mixing.  Add  flavoring,  bake 
in  2  greased  8-inch  layer  pans  in  mod¬ 
erate  oven  (375°  F.)  30  minutes  or  un¬ 
til  done.  Cool. 

JELLY  CREAM  FILLING:  Split  cake 
layers  in  halves.  Break  1  cup  red 
jelly  (any  flavor)  with  fork.  Spread 
between  layers,  arranging  a  cut  sur¬ 
face  against  a  baked  surface  to  pre¬ 
vent  slipping  of  layers.  Spread  whip¬ 
ped  cream  flavored  with  vanilla  on  top 
of  cake. 

VARIATIONS:  1.  Substitute  y2  cup 
orange  juice  for  milk  in  Jelly  Cream 
Cake  recipe  and  add  2  teaspoons  grat¬ 
ed  orange  rind  to  shortening.  Omit 
flavorings. 

2.  Spread  jelly  on  top  also  and 
sprinkle  with  fresh  or  dried  cocoanut. 

3.  Use  Chocolate  Chip  Frosting: 
Place  layers  on  baking  sheet  having 
one  layer  top-side  down.  Cover  top 
with  semi-sweet  chocolate  chips,  using 
two  packages.  Heat  in  moderate  oven 
(350°  F.)  6  minutes,  or  until  chips  are 
just  softened.  (Cake  might  be  frost¬ 
ed  while  warm.  Heat  only  3  minutes.) 
Remove  from  oven.  Spread  softened 
chips  over  bottom  layer,  letting  choco¬ 
late  run  down  on  sides.  Arrange  top 
layer  and  spread  as  before.  Then 
spread  sides  evenly. 

Raspberry  Marsh  Ice 

3  cups  ripe  raspberries  2  tablespoons  lemon  juice 
Vi  lb.  marshmallows  Ve  teaspoon  salt 

Crush  the  raspberries.  Heat  the 
marshmallows  with  2  tablespoons  of 
juice  from  the  berries  in  a  double  boil¬ 
er.  Stir  mixture  constantly  with  a 
folding  motion,  heating  only  until  the 
marshmallows  are  a  little  more  than 
half  melted.  Remove  from  fire  and 
continue  folding  until  mixture  is 
smooth.  Cool.  Add  raspberries,  lemon 
juice  and  salt.  Pour  into  freezing  tray 
of  refrigerator  and  freeze.  Stir  once 
during  the  freezing  period,  i 

Vanilla  Ice  Cream 

(Refrigerator) 

I  cup  heavy  cream  5  tablespoons  sugar 

I  cup  milk  I  teaspoon  gelatin 

3  ounces,  (%  cup)  sweeten-  (4  teaspoon  vanilla 

ed  condensed  milk 

Dissolve  gelatin  by  heating  in  part 
of  the  milk.  Then  mix  with  the  rest 
of  the  milk,  the  condensed  milk  and 
sugar.  -Whip  the  cream  and  combine 
it  with  the  above  mixture.  Add  flav¬ 
oring  and  freeze. 

VARIATIONS : 

Chocolate:  Dissolve  2  squares  (2 
ounces)  unsweetened  cake  chocolate 
with  gelatin  in  milk  in  double  boiler. 
Cool  but  not  long  enough  to  jell.  Then 
complete  as  directed  for  vanilla  ice 
cream. 

Fruit:  Substitute  a  cup  of  crushed 
sweetened  fruit  for  half  the  milk. 

Coffee:  Substitute  very  strong  cof¬ 
fee  for  a  half  cup  of  the  milk. 

Peanut  Brittle:  Substitute  1  cup  of 
crushed  peanut  brittle  for  a  half  cup 
of  milk. 

Peppermint  Stick:  Substitute  1  cup 
crushed  peppermint  stick  candy  for  y2 
cup  milk.  Add  when  mixture  is  part¬ 
ly  frozen. 

Macaroon:  Add  a  half  cup  macaroon 
crumbs  just  before  freezing. 

Peppermint  Stick  Ice  Cream 

(Freezer  Method) 

l34  cups  scalded  milk  (4  cup  cold  milk 

Vi  pound  peppermint  stick  (4  teaspoon  salt 

candy,  crushed  I  egg  or  2  egg  yolks, 

I  tablespoon  flour  slightly  beaten 

I  quart  thin  cream 

Dissolve  crushed  candy  in  hot  milk. 
Make  a  smooth  paste  of  flour  and  cold 
milk.  Add  salt,  then  gradually  the 
hot  milk  mixture,  stirring  constantly. 
Cover  and  cook  for  10  minutes  in 
double  boiler.  Stir  a  little  of  this  mix¬ 
ture  into  the  beaten  egg,  return  it  to 
the  double  boiler  and  cook  for  0n6  min¬ 
ute;  cool,  add  cream  and  strain.  Fill 
freezer  not  more  than  %  full  and 
freeze  in  a  mixture  of  8  parts  ice  to  1 
of  salt. 


^laAJticuiA. 

that  tylcUte.1 


Figure-flattering  princess 

SUNBACK  No.  3563  makes  use  of 
the  stylish  woven  cottons,  very  effec¬ 
tive  in  stripes  and  used  diagonally. 
Pattern  sizes  12  to  20.  Size  16,  for 
dress  (or  jumper)  3%  yards  35-in. 
fabric;  for  blouse,  1%  yds.  35-in. 

That  city-country  suit-dress  which 
goes  everywhere  is  in  PATTERN  No, 
3551.  Make  it  up  in  spun  rayon  twill, 
whipcord,  jersey  or  suiting,  or  in  cool 
cottons.  Pattern  sizes  are  10  to  40. 
Size  16,  3%  yds.  39-in.  fabric. 

SHIRT  ’N’  SKIRT  FASHION  No. 
3285  is  dear  to  the  hearts  of  American 
girls.  Sizes  12  to  20.  Size  16,  for  skirt, 
2  yds.  39-in.  fabric;  for  long-sleeved 
blouse,  2(4  yds:  39-in. 

Two-piece  in  jacket  style  No.  3517 
is  skillfully  designed  to  become  both 
average  and  larger  than  average  fig¬ 
ures.  Sizes  16  to  50.  Size  36,  3% 
yds.  39-in.  fabric. 

Very  nice  casual  frock  No.  3520  is 
equally  becoming  to  small  and  larger 
figures,  besides  being  the  all-occasion 
type  so  essential  in  the  wardrobe. 
Pattern  sizes  are  16  to  50.  Size  36, 
3  y2  yds,  35-in.  fabric. 

Do  justice  to  your  figure  by  adorn¬ 
ing  it  with  Princess  Housedress  No 
3058  and  its  accompanying  Princess 
Apron,  pattern  included.  Sizes  14  to 
48.  Size  36,  for  dress,  3  y2  yds.  35-in. 
fabric;  for  apron,  1%  yds.  35-in.  fabric. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address, 
pattern  size  and  number  clearly  and 
inclose  15c  in  stamps.  Address  Pat¬ 
tern  Dept.,  American  Agriculturist, 
10  North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie, 
N.  Y.  Get  your  copy  of  our  Summer 
Fashion  Book,  with  its  many  design3 
shown  in  full  color.  Price  just  12 
cents!  Include  with  pattern  order. 


American  Agriculturist,  July  18,  1942 


17  (419) 


GARDENS  AT  NIGIIT 

By  Anobcl  Armour. 

Gardens  at  night  are  quiet  things 
Except  for  dark-hushed  stir  of  wings 
That  brush  against  a  shadow-leaf 
Faintly  as  dim-remembered  grief. 

The  moon-floss  threads  itself  to  earth, 
Blue  shadings  mark  a  garden’s  girth; 
And  cedar-spires  are  silver-gray 
Like  churches  where  one  kneels  to 
pray. 


WOOL  DARN 

j 

Mending  Lesson  No.  10 

By  MILDRED  CARNEY, 
Cornell  Clothing  Specialist. 

The  following  method  of  patching 
may  be  used  with  loosely  woven  wool¬ 
ens.  It  requires  skill  and  patience: 

1.  Use  a  piece  of  the  same  material 
as  the  garment  for  the  patch,  at  least 


2  inches  wider  on  all  sides  than  the 
hole. 

2.  Ravel  out  all  four  sides  of  the 
patch,  making  fringe  1  inch  wide  on 


all  four  sides  of  the  patch.  (See  Fig.  A) 

3.  Lay  the  patch  over  the  hole  on 
the  right  side  of  the  garment,  with 
the  lengthwise  threads  running  the 
same  way  in  both  the  patch  and  the 
garment. 

4.  Baste  carefully. 

5.  With  a  fine  crochet  hook,  pull  the 
fringed  threads  one  by  one  through  to 
the  wrong  side  of  the  garment,  being 
careful  to  pull  them  through  on  the 
same  thread  so  that  the  line  of  the 
patch  will  be  even. 

6.  After  all  the  fringed  threads  are 


**So  after  I  told  him  hew  big  and 
Strong  he  is,  did  he  propose? 
NO!  He  enlisted!” 


pulled  through,  catch  the  patch  down 
to  the  garment  with  fine  running 
stitches.  Do  not  let  the  running 
stitches  show  on  the  right  side. 

7.  Catch  stitch  the  hole  to  patch  on 
wrong  side.  (See  Fig.  B.)  Catch 
stitch  was  shown  in  detail  in  Lesson 
No.  2,  March  28th  issue. 

8.  Press  carefully. 


P&iAxutcd  Pnaldewul 


MODERNIZING  MOTHER 

( Fifth  Letter  to  Linda ) 

Dear  Lucile :  I  have  enjoyed  your  let¬ 
ters  and  they  have  helped  me  through 
some  tight  spots.  Could  you  offer  me  any 
suggestions  on  this  problem?  I  am  having 
‘  ‘mother-trouble.  ’  ’ 

Mom  is  jolly  and  well-up  in  things  th^t 
are  going  oh  in  the  world  and  a  good 
cook  and  I  love  her  dearly,  but.  .  .  .  she’s 
so  careless  about  her  personal  appearance. 
It  seems  that  she  just  doesn’t  care  if  her 
hair  is  every- which-way ;  if  her  petticoat 
shows ;  if  she  wears  her  old  shoes  to  town 
and  her  nails  haven’t  ever  had  a  mani¬ 
cure.  .  .  and  look  it. 

My  girl  friend’s  mother  is  just  the  op¬ 
posite  of  this.  .  .  well-groomed,  dainty 
and  always  perfectly  poised.  I  find  myself 
making  disloyal  comparisons,  even  though 
I  don’t  want  to.  I  try  not  to  let  Mom 
know  how  I  feel,  for  I  don’t  want  to  hurt 
her  feelings,  but  I  do  wish  she’d  spruce 
up. 

Have  you  any  suggestions  that  might 
help  me? — Linda. 

First,  Linda,  thank  your  lucky  stars 
that  you  have  a  jolly  mother  who  can 
cook  as  well  as  discuss  the  latest  de¬ 
velopments  on  the  Russian  front.  That 
means  that  she  is  an  interesting  per¬ 
son.  .  .  .  and  in  the  final  apalysis,  that’s 
more  important  than  polished  nails  and 
perfect  waves  in  the  hair.  I’m  sure  you 
realize  that. 

On  the  other  hand,  I  concede  that 
you  do  have  somewhat  of  a  problem 
parent  on  your  hands.  Even  if  money  is 
scarcer  than  hen’s  teeth,  any  mother 
can  manage  a  powder  puff  for  her 
shiny  nose,  straight  stocking  seams  and 
hems,  and  time  to  comb  her  hair.  And 
even  though  there  isn’t  enough  in  the 
budget  for  lots  of  pretty  clothes  for 
both  mother  and  daughter,  she  should 
have  her  equal  share.  She  should  not 
give  up  everything  to  her  daughter;  her 
daughter  should  not  expect  her  to.  I’m 
sure  you  don’t. 

I  wonder  if  the'  secret  might  not  lie 
in  one  sentence  of  your  letter:  “I  try 
not  to  let  Mom  know  how  I  feel.”  Of 
course,  you  wouldn’t  hurt  her  feelings 
by  cruelly  comparing  her  with  your 
friend’s  mother,  but  if  you  evidenced  a 
real  honest-to-goodness  interest  in  your 
mother’s  appearance,  I  wonder  if  it 
might  not  make  a  difference. 

Most  girls  your  age  are  so  wrapped 
up  in  themselves  that  they  don’t  give 
much  thought  to  anybody  else.  Try 
concentrating  on  Mother.  Go  shopping 
with  her  when  she  buys  a  dress  or  hat 
and  take  an  interest  in  her  selection. 
Find  a  smart  new  hair-do  in  a  magazine 
and  help  her  try  it  on  her  own  locks. 
Sit  down  some  evening  and  give  her  a 
manicure. 

I’m  willing  to  bet  half  my  next 
week’s  pay  that  you’ll  be  surprised  at 
the  results!  And  how  happy  Mom  will 
be  to  know  that  her  girl  is  interested 
in  how  she  looks.  .  .  interested  enough 
to  take  an  active  part  and  really  give 
some  thought  to  the  matter.  Try  it  and 
report,  won’t  you? — Lucile. 


FOR  us  ?-  Oh,  that's  real  kind 

OF  YOU,  MRS.  OWEN.  JOHN 
JUST  LOVES  HOT  BUNS.^T  n0ThinG 

at  all,  child; 
AND  YOU  LET  THAT 
HUSBAND  OF  YOURS  EAT 
ALL  HE  WANTS  .  THESE 
BUNS  ARE  6000  FOR  HIM. 
THEY'VE  GOT 
EXTRA 
VITAMINS 
IN  THEM 


MY!  ISN'T  THAT  SOMETHING  NEW- 
|  EXTRA  VITAMINS  IN  BUNS? 

YOU  MUST  TELL  ME 
YOUR  SECRET, 

MRS.  OWEN.' 


THERE'S  NO 
SECRET,  SUSAN. 
I  JUST  BAKED 
THEM  WITH 

fleischmann’s 

YEAST 


IF  A  MERE 
MAN  CAN 
STICK  HIS 
OAR  IN  - 
AREN'T  ALL 
YEASTS 
THE  SAME? 


// 


NO  INDEEDY!  FLEISCHMANN'S  IS  THE 
ONLY  YEAST  WITH  ALL  THESE  VITAMINS- 
A,  Bi,  0,AND  S.  WHATS  MORE,  SUSAN, 
NOT  ONE  OF  THEM  IS  APPRECIABLY 
LOST  IN  THE  OVEN.  THEY  ALL  GO 
INTO  YOUR  BREAD  OR  ROLLS  FOR 
THE  EXTRA  VITAMINS  THAT 
!  NO  OTHER  VEAST  CAN  GIV£ 


ANOTHER  THING  TO  REMEM8ER,  SUSAN,  IS 
THAT  THE  FLEISCHMANNS  YOU  BUY  THESE 
DAYS  KEEPS  PERFECTLY  IN  YOUR  REFRIGERATOR. 
YOU  CAN  LAY  IN  A  WHOLE  WEEKS  SUPPLY. 
AND  BY  THE  WAY,  SEND  FOR  FLEISCHMANN'S 
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BREADS  AND  ROLLS 


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595  Madison  Ave.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  j  Robert  L.  Murphy,  R.  I,  Columbus,  N.  J. 


PERMANENT  WAVE 

r 


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(420)  18 


American  Agriculturist,  July  18,  1942 


Kernels, 

Screenings 

and  Chaff 

By  II.  E.  BABCOCK 

H  ^  ECAIJSE  he  puts  the  case 
more  concisely  than  I  can,  I  quote 
below,  with  my  own  100  per  cent  en¬ 
dorsement,  three  or  four  paragraphs 
from  a  communication  sent  under 
date  of  July  4  by  Mr.  Albert  Goss, 
Master  of  the  National  Grange,  to 
the  Chairman  of  the  House  and 
Senate  Committees  on  Agriculture. 

Price  Ceilings  Broken 

Wrote  Mr.  Goss: 

“News  dispatches  tell  of  the  first 
break  in  the  price  ceilings  establish¬ 
ed  by  Price  Administrator  Hender¬ 
son,  and  report  him  as  placing  the 
blame  on  Congress.  .  .  . 

“In  our  judgment,  this  is  an  effort 
on  Mr.  Henderson’s  part  to  shift  to 
Congress  the  blame  for  the  failure 
of  a  system  of  price  control  which 
Congress  did  not  authorize  and 
which  is  unsound  and  unworkable. 

“Mr.  Henderson  states  that  he  is 
having  to  raise  the  ceiling  on  can¬ 
ned  fruits  and  dried  fruits  because 
of  the  110  per  cent  of  parity  and  the 
failure  of  Congress  to  provide  for 


the  packers  and  processors,  leaving 
the  impression  that  the  farmers  are 
getting  excessive  prices.  This  is  the 
very  opposite  of  the  truth.  Mr.  Hen¬ 
derson  established  his  ceilings  in  ut¬ 
ter  disregard  of  the  parity  clause, 
and  the  reason  he  has  had  to  change 
his  prices  is  not  because  of  any  fail¬ 
ure  of  Congress  but  because  his  pol¬ 
icy  resulted  in  prices  so  low  for 
farmers  that  they  could  not  cover 
the  cost  of  harvesting,  thus  compel¬ 
ling  them  to  leave  their  unharvested 
crops  in  the  field. 

“We  feel  that  the  effort  to  bring 
public  pressure  on  Congress  to  cause 
it  to  adopt  a  huge  subsidy  program 
justifies  us  m  requesting  an  investi¬ 
gation  of  the  facts.  We  believe  that 
an  investigation  will  reveal  that  the 
effect  of  establishing  ceilings  at 
March  prices  will  be  to  reduce  the 
prices  to  farmers  to  less  than  they 
received  for  the  1941  crops,  and  in 
many  instances  far  below  the  cost 
of  production.  .  .  . 

“The  truth  is  that  the  program  is 
unworkable  and  it  has  become 
necessary  to  modify  it  in  order  to 
maintain  production.  Mr.  Hender¬ 
son’s  proposal  is  to  ask  Congress  for 
enough  subsidy  to  meet  all  these  in¬ 
creased  costs.  As  far  as  agriculture 
is  concerned,  we  know  of  no  possi¬ 
bility  of  any  accounting  method 
which  would  enable  farmers  to  es¬ 
tablish  records  of  such  increased 
costs.  .  .  . 

“In  our  judgment ,  neither  Con¬ 
gress  nor  the  farmers  are  in  any 
tvay  to  blame.  The  fault  lies  in  the 
office  of  the  Price  Control  Admin¬ 
istrator 


trol  and  were  working  towards  the 
spot  which  I  had  felt  was  ruined.  In 
talks  with  old  cotton  raisers  today,  the 
county  agent’s  unconcern  has  been  con¬ 
firmed,  as  they  have  assured  me  that 
the  effects  of  the  aphids  are  for  the 
most  part  beneficial.  By  holding  back 
the  vegetable  growth  of  the  plant  at 
this  time  when  the  plant  tries  so  hard 
to  grow  and  not  fruit,  the  aphids  bring 
the  plant  to  the  fruiting  stage  without 
excessive  vegetable  growth.  The  roots 
then  bend  their  efforts  to  filling  the 
fruit  and  not  supporting  leaves. 

MAIZE 

This  morning  the  boys  finished  ir¬ 
rigating  both  pieces  of  Wheatland 
maize  in  time  to  get  off  at  noon  for 
the  local  celebrations  in  town  this 
afternoon.  The  early  piece,  planted 
April  11,  is  just  beginning  to  head  out, 
and  we  hope  that  this  watering  is 
timely  enough  to  give  the  heads  a  good 
fill.  One  more  watering  when  the  heads 
are  in  the  early  milk  stage  should 
finish  our  work  on  this  field. 

Our  late  maize  is  the  prettiest  piece 
of  grain  or  of  any  other  crop  that  we 
have  had  on_ the  farm  since  I  have 
been  here.  It  was  planted  the  first  of 
May,  seemed  to  come  up  almost  over 
night,  and  has  stretched  out  and  grown 
from  then  on.  This  piece  is  practical¬ 
ly  weed  free,  and  because  it  was  grow¬ 
ing  so  nicely,  we  have  hated  to  disturb 
it  and  have  therefore  cultivated  it  only 
twice.  It  is  now  completely  covering 
the  middles  so  that  no  further  culti¬ 
vation  could  be  carried  out.  Nor  is  cul¬ 
tivation  necessary,  for  the  shaded  mid¬ 
dles  will  lose  very  little  moisture  by 
evaporation. 

ALFALFA 

Our  third  cutting  alfalfa  is  off  to  a 
good  start  and  is  now  standing  six  to 
eight  inches  high.  Our  best  field,  the 


“eighty”,  has  yielded  in  its  first  two 
cuttings  a  little  over  two  tons  to  the 
acre.  The  way  that  it  is  growing  we 
expect  to  get  five  cuttings  in  all.  Five 
cuttings  will  yield  but  little  more  than 
four  cuttings  brought  to  full  maturity, 
but  the  hay  will  be  much  more  pala¬ 
table  if  cut  five  times  in  the  early 
blossom  stage.  We  were  just  33  days 
making  our  second  cutting,  but  each 
successive  cutting  will  take  several 
days  longer  to  develop. 

SHEEP 

Our  venture  with  old  ewes  turned 
out  exceptionally  well  this  year.  Na¬ 
tional  price  conditions  were  helpful, 
but  a  good  type  of  old  ewe  and  good 
management  'also  contributed.  Last 
month  we  cleaned  up  every  marketable 
sheep  on  the  farm  to  wind  up  the  op¬ 
eration  for  the  year.  We  have  on  hand 
only  190  lambs  which  were  too  light, 
or  in  too  poor  condition,  to  go  to  mar¬ 
ket  as  spring  lambs. 

The  230  old  ewes  bought  last  fall 
netted  this  June  for  slaughter  an  aver¬ 
age  of  a  little  over  $5  a  piece.  These 
ewes  cost  $4  last  fall.  Yet  to  sell  from 
them  are  190  lambs  and  2300  pounds  of 
wool  shorn  last  March.  Main  charges 
against  them  are  the  first  two  cuttings 
of  alfalfa  off  40  acres.  At  present 
prices,  these  two  cuttings  were  worth 
$7  a  ton  dry  basis  standing  in  the  field. 
On  a  pro-rata  basis  these  ewes  ate 
about  $1  worth  of  hay  •'a  piece,  since 
there  were  500  other  sheep  in  the  field 
with  them. 

Spring  lambs  from  the  farm  flock, 
born  after  January  1,  sold  at  an  aver¬ 
age  weight  of  80  pounds  and  brought 
$14.75  per  hundred.  Cost  to  market  is 
an  average  of  a  cent  a  pound.  Their 
mammies  went  with  them  and  averag¬ 
ed  ?8  apiece  after  having  sheared  up 
to  10  pounds  of  wool.  July  lf,  1942. 


DOWN  MEXICO  WAY 


COTTON 

The  best  cotton  on  the  field  is  just 
short  of  knee  high  today.  Rather  than 
expecting  it  to  be  knee  high  on  the 
Fourth,  cotton  farmers  look  for  the 
first  blossom  on  the  Fourth.  Although 

didn’t  go  minutely  over  the  whole 
100  acres,  I  found  no  blossoms  but 
plenty  of  buds  that  will  be  out  in  the 
next  few  days.  Threatening  rain  and 
hail  storms  the  past  week  have  kept 


By  H.  E.  Babcock,  Jr 


For  the  past  week,  the  old  phrase, 
“'‘knee  high  the  Fourth  of  July”,  has 
been  running  through  my  head  every 
time  I  looked  oA'er  my  crops.  This,  ac¬ 
cordingly,  will  be  a  report  on  the  farm 
and  crops  as  of  the  fourth  of  July. 

CORN 

This  is  the  first  year  that  I  have  rais¬ 
ed  corn  since  I  have  been  in  New  Mex¬ 
ico.  It  is  a  decidedly  different  experi¬ 
ence  from  raising  corn  in  New  York 
State.  The  earliest  piece  of  corn  which 
we  have  on  the  farm  was  planted  April 
15,  and  on  the  fourth  of  July  is  now 
eight  feet  high  and  beginning  to  tassel 
out.  The  youngest  piece,  now  about 
eight  inches  high,  was  planted  June  15. 
The  early  piece  of  corn  is  a  variety  de¬ 
veloped  from  Mexican  June  corn  and 
Indian  corn,  as  near  as  I  can  find  out, 
and  is  called  Strawberry  corn.  Ears 
are  red  or  red  and  white  depending  up¬ 
on  the  degree  of  purity  of  the  seed.  The 
late  corn  is  a  yellow  hybrid,  115-day 
maturing. 

The  Strawberry  corn  was  last  culti¬ 
vated  on  the  fourth  of  June.  This  corn 
was  cultivated  five  times  up  to  and  in¬ 
cluding  the  last  cultivation  when  the 
com  was  getting  almost  too  high  to  go 
through  without  injury  to  it.  The  late 
com  has  been  cultivated  twice,  and 
since  we  are  trying  to  clean  this  field 
of  Johnson  grass,  we  hope  to  get 
through  it  \t  least  once  a  week  until 
the  corn  shades  the  row  and  prevents 
further  weed  growth. 


the  temperatures  down,  which  no  doubt 
accounts  for  the  slower  development  of 
the  blossoms. 

For  the  past  week  I  have  been 
watching  the  cotton  with  growing 
anxiety  as  larger  and  larger  areas  be¬ 
came  infested  with  aphids.  Yesterday 
my  inspection  panicked  me  before  I 
studied  the  whole  field.  I  called  in  the 
county  agent  for  an  inspection  this 
morning  and  as  we  inspected  another 
part  of  the  field  we  found  that  lady- 
bugs  had  the  situation  well  under  con¬ 


This  is  Cindy,  14  months  old.  She  is  by 
the  thoroughbred.  Race  Riot,  from  a  reg¬ 
istered  standardised  daughter  of  the 
famous  Peter  Volo.  We  have  in  mind 
breeding  her  back  to  her  sire. 
Iielow:  The  mule  colts  we  brought  up 

from  New  Mexico  a  year  ago  have  done 
very  well.  They  are  gentle  and  a  lot  of 
fun  to  have  around. 


American  Agriculturist,  July  18,  1942 


19  (421) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 

By  att.  G&ilUte 


A  BAD  HAY  DEAL. 

“I  am  se*ding  you  some  correspond¬ 
ence  with  Vail  and  Company,  Boston, 
Massachusetts.  I  sold  them  some  hay  in 
1939  for  which  I  have  received  no  pay. 
Mr.  Vail  said  that  the  hay  wasn’t  as 
good  as  he  thought  it  was.  Anyway,  I 
never  received  pay,  which  amounts  to 
$182.81.  If  you  can  get  this  for  me,  I 
will  be  very  appreciative.” 

THE  ABOVE  letter  arrived  in  the 
Service  Bureau  office  last  October. 
A  letter  to  Vail  and  Company  brought 
no  response,  and  the  account  was  given 
to  a  collection  agency  with  instruc¬ 
tions  to  sue  if  necessary.  After  work¬ 
ing  on  the  claim  about  five  months,  the 
agency  reports,  ‘‘This  claim  is  being 
given  up  as  uncollectable.” 

This  case  reminded  us  of  something 
that  happened  several  years  ago.  We 
are  reporting  this  matter  in  some  de¬ 
tail  so  that  readers  will  know  the  right 
answer  should  Vail  and  Company  at¬ 
tempt  to  buy  hay  from  them. 

In  our  files  is  a  folder  an  inch  thick 
containing  correspondence  on  a  similar 
case  against  Vail  and  Company.  The 
matter  first  came  to  our  attention  in 
1936.  A  western  New  York  subscriber 
had  shipped  hay  to  Vail.  It  had  been 
reshipped  to  another  point  without 
authorization  of  the  seller.  Again 
there  was  some  complaint  about  the 
quality. 

To  make  a  long  story  short,  this  was 
a  sizeable  deal,  involving  two  cars  of 
hay,  on  which  a  price  of  $17  a  ton  had 
been  quoted.  Eventually,  Vail  wanted 
to  settle  on  the  basis  of  $12  a  ton  (a 
total  of  $272.41),  deducting  freight 
charges  for  reshipping  to  another 
point  (amounting  to  $217.59),  leaving 
the  subscriber  a  return  of  $54.82. 

Our  subscriber  would  not  accept  a 
check  for  that  amount  and  the  account 
was  turned  over  to  a  reliable  collec¬ 
tion  agency.  Although  they  put  in  a 
tremendous  amount  of  work,  they 
could  not  get  the  money,  so  eventually 
money  was  advanced  to  the  collection 
agency  to  cover  cost  of  suit. 

Some  time  elapsed  before  the  case 
came  to  trial.  Then  a  report  came 
stating  that  Vail’s  counsel  agreed  to  a 
judgment  for  the  $54.82,  plus  the 
amount  of  the  extra  freight  bill. 
Again  delay  was  the  order  of  the  day, 
until  the  collection  agency  again 
brought  the  debtor  into  Court,  where 
the  Court  ordered  him  to  pay  the  judg¬ 
ment  within  thirty  days.  This  was  not 
done.  Following  this,  attorneys  for 
the  collection  agency  appeared  in 
Court  three  times.  Finally  the  Court 
decided  that  the  debtor  was  unable  to 
pay  his  bills  and  dismissed  the  case. 

In  a  final  effort,  the  case  was  given 
to  another  attorney,  but  eventually  it 
was  given  up  as  hopeless.  The  collec¬ 
tion  agency  wrote  us  stating,  ‘‘The  at¬ 
torneys  tell  us  that  they  have  never 
had  a  case  on  which  they  have  put  so 
much  time  with  as  little  result  as  this 
one  ” 

After  reviewing  this  old  case,  we 
can  readily  understand  why  this  same 
collection  agency  is  unwilling  to  go 
through  this  lengthy  and  costly  pro¬ 
cedure  again. 

— a.  a.  — 

WAS  *'A  <iOOD  FELLOW” 

‘‘I  signed  a  note  for  $20.00  for  a  friend. 
He  told  me  he  would  pay  me  in  a  month, 
but  he  never  paid  anything,  not  even 
interest.  I  went  to  see  him,  and  he  said 
he  would  come  up  next  day,  but  never 
did.” 

It  is  difficult  to  understand  why  a 
subscriber  will  become  co-signer  of  a 
note  merely  to  be  a  “good  fellow.”  In 
fact,  if  a  "friend”  requires  a  co-signer, 
that  is  indication  that  he  has  no  credit 


standing.  If  he  fails  to  settle,  the  co¬ 
signer  must  pay.  What  is  more,  there 
is  little  the  co-signer  can  do  to  collect 
the  money. 

He  can,  of  course,  sue  for  the 
amount,  but  even  if  a  judgment  is 
secured,  it  can  not  be  collected  unless 
the  man  against  whom  it  is  secured 
has  unencumbered  property  in  his  own 
name. 

Don’t  wait  until  January  1  to  make 
a  resolution  never  to  be  co-signer  on  a 
note  just  as  a  favor. 

_/  —a.  A. — 

BUYERS 

What  is  the  difference  between  a  com¬ 
mission  man  and  a  “direct  buyer”  of  farm 
produce? 

Legally,  a  commission  man  never 
owns  the  produce  you  send  him.  He 
acts  as  your  agent.  Presumably  he  gets 
the  best  price  he  can,  deducts  his  com¬ 
mission  and  legitimate  costs,  and  sends 
you  a  check  for  the  balance.  On  the 
other  hand,  a  direct  buyer  purchases 
your  produce  outright.  It  is  then  his 
property,  and  he  sells  it  to  the  best  ad¬ 
vantage  he  can,  hoping  to  make  a 
profit. 

Obviously,  on  direct  buying  there 
must  be  some  basis  of  pricing.  With 
eggs,  some  dealers  will  make  an  agree¬ 
ment  with  you  to  pay  a  certain  prem¬ 
ium  over  a  definite  market  quotation 
so  long  as  your  eggs  prove  satisfactory 
to  him.  It  would  seem  to  us  that  there 
is  an  increase  in  direct  buying  as  op¬ 
posed  to  consigning  produce  on  com¬ 
mission. 

—  a.  a. — 

DEAD  DOGS 

Our  dog,  which  was  valued  at  $25  arid 
which  was  a  great  pet  of  the  children, 
was  killed  by  a  car.  I  understand  the 
driver  was  insured.  Can  we  collect  from 
the  insurance  company? 

The  basis  for  claims  against  car  driv¬ 
ers  or  their  insurance  companies  is  neg¬ 
ligence  on  the  part  of  the  driver.  We 
have  known  of  cases  where  insurance 
companies  have  settled  for  dogs  killed, 
but  often  they  refuse  payment  on  the 
ground  of  lack  of  evidence  yiat  the 
driver  was  negligent.  If  a  dog  runs  in 
front  of  a  car,  it  i$  a  little  difficult  to 
show  that  the  driver  was  at  fault. 

— a.  a. — 

FRAUDULENT 

In  the  June  20  issue  we  referred  to 
a  number  of  complaints  against  Pike 
Brothers  Growers  of  St.  Charles,  Illi¬ 
nois.  This  firm  had  a  chain  scheme 
where  they  asked  people  to  send  6  post¬ 
cards  to  their  friends  addressed  to  Pike 
Brothers  and  10c.  For  this  they  were 
to  get  a  number  of  plants. 

During  the  past  months,  a  number 
of  subscribers  have  complained  that 
they  did  not  receive  the  plants.  The 
latest  letter  we  wrote  was  returned 
from  the  Post  Office  marked,  “Fraudu¬ 
lent  Mail  to  this  address  returned  by 
order  of  Postmaster  General.” 


— A.  A.- 


STRANGE 


“The  Hollywood  Film  Studios  of  Holly¬ 
wood,  California,  had  an  ad  on  a  match¬ 
book  cover  stating  that  as  a  ‘get  ac¬ 
quainted’  offer,  they  would  send  a  free 
5x7  enlargement  if  I  would  send  10c  for 
handling  and  mailing.  I  did  this;  the 
picture  came  C.O.D.  for  $1.18.” 

We  are  writing  the  Hollywood  Film 
Studio  about  this  and  I  trust  they  will 
adjust  it  to  the  subscriber’s  satisfac¬ 
tion. 


Buy  War  Bonds  and  Stamps 


'V7  fyliend  in  Need 
H  a  fy>UeHjd  Ondeed" 


These  policyholders  found  the  friendly  North 
American  Accident  Insurance  Co.  a  real  help  to 
them  following  their  accidents. 


ROSS  MANFREDI,  Milltown,  N.  J„  re¬ 
ceived  benefits  on  his  Travel  Accident 
policy  when  he  was  injured  in  an  auto 
accident. 


Mrs.  Martha  Anderson,  R.  I.  Norwich,  N.Y.*  23.57 

Auto  collision — injuries 

Wesley  L.  Chandler,  R.  I,  Springville,  N.  Y.  20. 0<J 

Wagon  accident — cut  arm 

Lillian  A.  Mayhew,  Ft.  Covington,  N.  Y.__  30.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  arm  and  shoulder 
Charlie  H.  Rathbone.  R.  I,  Cazenovia, )  N.Y.  10.00 
Wagon  accident — bruised  back  and  legs 

Alta  Davis,  R.  2,  Sidney  Center,  N.  Y -  130.00 

Auto  accident — frac.  knee 
Edward  W.  Brocker,  N.  Tonawanda,  N.  Y.  130.00 
Hit  by  truck — frac.  ankle  and  cuts 

Clara  Blanco,  R.  2,  Wallkjll,  N.  Y. -  65.71 

Hit  by  auto — inj.  hand 

A.  C.  Berninger,  R.  I,  Ghent,  N.  Y. -  130.00 

Truck  accident — inj.  knee  and  ribs,  cuts 

Basil  R.  Barlow,  R.  2,  Brooks,  Me. -  21.43 

Auto  accident — bruised  and  cut  head 

Janet  J.  Gilbert,  R.  I.  Wilton,  Me -  11.43 

Auto  accident— cut  leg,  chest  and  arm 

Leo  Bennette,  Danville,  Me.  _ _ —  10.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  back,  arm  &  hips 

Man/in  Thompson,  Wendell,  Mass -  40.00 

Auto  accident — cut  scalp,  forearm  &  hand 

Stanley  B.  Thayer,  Cummington,  Mass. 31.43 

Wagon  accident — bruised  ankles 
Warren  N.  Candee,  R.  I,  Sheffield,  Mass. —  74.28 

Auto  accident — cut  hand,  knee  and  face 

Eugene  P.  Benoit,  Graniteville,  Vt -  61.43 

Hit  by  auto — frac.  leg 

Oliva  G.  LaFaille,  Graniteville,  Vt. -  10.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  shoulder 


B.  W.  Bull,  R.  2,  Middletown,  N.  Y _ *$47.14 

Sleigh  accident — frac.  foot 

Muriel  Marsh,  R.  I,  Calverton,  N.  Y -  130.00 

Auto  accident — cut  knee  and  frac.  arm 

Edward  L.  Marks,  Lisle,  N.  Y -  30.00 

Auto  accident — cuts  and  scalp  wound 

Alene  Schleyer,  R.  2,  Ovid,  N.  Y -  8.57 

Auto  accident — bruised  head  and  legs 
Rudolph  S.  Crounse,  R.  2,  Altamont,  N.Y.  30.00 
Auto  accident — cuts  &  bruises,  frac.  nose 


BESSIE  H.  ARMSTRONG,  Hainesbury, 
JV.  J.,  received  $60.00  for  the  injuries 
she  suffered  when  her  car  crashed  into 
a  rock  wall. 


Howard  C.  Bearon  R.  2,  Fairfax,  Vt _  60.00 

Auto  accident — frac.  shoulder 
Margaret  L.  Bishop,  72  Maple  St.,  Bran¬ 
don.  Vt.  _  50.00 

Auto  accident— bruised  face  and  chest  _ 
Robert  T.  Thompson,  R.  I,  Bennington,  Vt.  78.57 
Wagon  accident — bruised  back 

Toivo  P.  Lehtonen,  Hartford,  Conn _ , _  20.00 

Auto  accident — cut  forearm 
Arthur  F.  Jones,  R.  I.  Francestown,  N.  H.  10.00 

Flit,  by  auto — bruises  and  cut  leg 

Paul  S.  Elms.  No.  Haverhill,  N.  H _  101.43 

Auto  accident — bruised  head,  chest 

Harold  J.  Milligan,  R.D.,  Hurlock,  Md. 130.00 

Truck  accident — frac.  ankle 

Herman  C.  Beard,  Union  Bridge,  Md -  20.00 

Auto  accident— cut  face,  chin  and  lip 

Rose  E.  Fowler,  R.  2,  Genesee,  Pa -  77.14 

Auto  accident — inj.  wrist,  arm,  knee 

Joseph  Overrein,  R.  I,  Troy,  Pa -  31.43 

Wagon  accident — bruised  leg 
*  Over-age. 


LEAH  M.  YOUNG,  Whitney  Point,  N. 
Y.,  was  injured  in  an  auto  accident 
and  received  her  North  American  check 
of  $130.00. 


$722,414.59 

has  been  paid  to 
10,256  policyholders 

YOU  DON’T  HAVE  TO  BE  KILLED  —  to  draw  on  your 
North  American  Travel  Accident  policy. 

KEEP  YOUR  POLICY  RENEWED. 


North  American  Accident  Insitmnc.e  Co. 

Oldest  and  Carfest  (Exclusive  'Jfeakf)  and  Occident  Company  invflmerica 

N. A. Associates  Department  Poughkeepsie,  n.y. 


V 


« 


NEW  ZEALANDERS,  British  Tommies  and  American  Yanks 
fighting  side  by  side  stopped  Rommel’s  rush  toward  the 
Suez  and  saved  valuable  time  for  the  forces  of  democracy. 
American  and  British  aid  stiffens  the  stubborn  Russian  resis¬ 
tance  to  Hitler's  summer  drive.  And  American  guns  and  planes 
rearm  the  wounded  hand  of  an  unconquerable  China. 

Everywhere  in  this  global  war,  cooperation  achieves  deeds  that 
the  individual  valor,  the  national  might,  and  the  heroic  sacrifice 
of  the  separate  allied  nations  are  unable  to  achieve. 

Most  of  us  do  not  question  the  wisdom  of  that  cooperation. 
Most  of  us  gladly  accept  the  help  of  our  fellow  men  in  a  crisis.  It 
is  only  when  the  danger  seems  far  away,  or  when  we  cannot  see 
it  clearly,  that  we  are  stiff-necked  with  pride  and  try  to  go  it 
alone. 

The  Dairymen’s  League  Works  With  All  Farmers  For  All  Farmers 

The  Dairymen’s  League  was  founded  on  cooperation  ...  in 
the  belief  that  men  working  together  are  stronger  and  more 
effective  than  men  working  alone.  It  recognized  that  while  the 
farm  is  the  last  great  stronghold  of  individual  thought  and  ac¬ 
tion,  still  individual  farmers  are  always  in  competition  with  the 
superior  might  of  organized  groups  when  they  transport  and 
market  their  milk.  And  it  held  that  liberty-loving  farmers 
everywhere  prefer  the  give-and-take  of  voluntary  cooperation  to 
the  harsh  rules  and  ruinous  bargains  imposed  by  those  not  in 
sympathy  with  farmers. 


From  the  start,  the  League  welcomed  other  cooperative  groups 
and  worked  with  them.  It  recognized  the  rights  and  opinions  of 
all  organized  and  lion-organized  farmers,  and  gave  active  and 
wholehearted  support  to  every  movement  that  advanced  the 
interests  of  dairy  farmers,  League  members  and  non-League 
members  alike. 


It  is  the  pride  of  League  members  that  this  neighborly  and 
fair-minded  cooperation  has  been  a  stabilizing  force  in  the  Milk 
Shed  .  .  .  that  it  has  compromised  differences  among  farmers 
themselves  .  .  .  and  formed  a  rallying  point  around  which  oppo¬ 
sition  to  all  farm  enemies  could  form. 

The  primary  aim  of  the  League  has  always  been  to  get  dairy 
farmers  together  in  a  united  effort  for  their  own  good.  It  says  to 
dairy  farmers,  join  a  cooperative — any  cooperative  you  choose — 
but  for  your  own  sake,  join.  And  for  the  sake  and  safety  of  all 
farmers,  COOPERATE! 


Published  by  THE  THOUSANDS  OF  FARMERS  WHO  OWN,  OPERATE  AND  CONTROL  THE  DAIRYMEN'S  LEAGUE 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 


AUGUST  1.  1942 


Grass  Silage  without 


By  flabed  Va  *t  lAJayene+t,  fj>i. 

^^HERE  IS  an  old  farm  adage  which 
every  one  who  lives  in  a  maple 
sugar  country  must  have  heard  on 
countless  occasions:  “A  good  sap 
crop  makes  a  short  hay  crop”  On  general 
principles  this  statement  ought  to  be  true 
and  doubtless  it  very  often  works  out  in 
practice.  Certainly  a  succession  of  bright, 
thawing  days  with  sharp  freezing  nights, 
which  ordinarily  makes  for  a  good  fun  of 
sap,  may  also  result  in  the  heaving  of  mead¬ 
ows  and  particularly  in  the  destruction  of 
alfalfa  and  red  clover  on  any  except  especi¬ 
ally  well-drained  soils.  Be  that  as  it  may, 
this  year’s  experience  is  entirely  at  variance 
with  the  old  saw.  All  the  old  sugar-makers 
with  whom  I  have  talked  agree  that  this  was 
one  of  the  best  sap  seasons  within  their  mem¬ 
ory,  and  there  is  equally  unanimous  testi¬ 
mony  to  the  fact  that  never  did  old  meadows 
and  new  seedings  come  through  with  so  little 
winter  or  spring  injury.  On  the  one  hundred 
or  more  acres  which  we  have  in  meadow, 
it  is  difficult  to  find  a  square  rod  that  looks 
unpromising. 

Then,  on  top  of  this  condition,  our  spring 
weather  came  in  ten  days  or  possibly  two 
weeks  ahead  of  schedule,  and  during  most  of 
the  spring  we  had  rain  enough  to  enable 
grass  to  do  its  best  work.  It  is  seldom  that 
mid-June  finds  the  country  as  water-sqaked 
as  now.  Recently  we  have  had  a  spell  of 
weather  such  as  is  exactly  described  in  these 
four  lines  of  verse  by  Whittier: 

“For  days  the  clouds  had  raked  the  hills 
And  vexed  the  vales  with  raining, 

And  all  the  woods  were  sad  with  mist 
And  all  the  brooks  complaining.” 

I  am  by  preference  —  and  conviction  —  a 
dry-weather  farmer  and  I  am  always  a  bit 
depressed  when  every  thing  is  sodden  and 
dripping,  but  I  know  that  such  weather  can¬ 
not  fail  to  bring  a  bumper  hay  crop. 

There  is  another  old  saw  to  the  effect  that 


MOLASSES 


”A  cold,  wet  May  means  a  barn  full  of  hay.” 
This  will  hardly  hold  true  for  the  more  ele¬ 
vated  and  northerly  regions  of  the  Milk 
Shed.  Here,  so  far  as  timothy  and  red 
clover  are  concerned,  it  is  June  rather  than 
May  rains  that  crowd  the  haymows.  This 
year,  at  least  a  good  crop  of  alfalfa  was 
practically  assured  by  June  first,  and  the 
next  two  weeks  gave  us  a  further  tremendous 
growth.  Our  only  worries  then  were  how  to 
get  it  into  the  silo  or  the  mow  before  it  was 
too  mature,  and  what  sort  of  haying  weather 
was  ahead  of  us.  Some  years,  of  course,  we 
have  periods  of  “catching”  weather  when  no 
amount  of  skill  or  energy  or  foresight  will 
enable  a  farmer  to  get  his  hay  in  the  barn 


Providing  he  uses  his  head  a  bit,  one  able-bodied 
man  gets  on  very  well,  but  by  quitting  time  he  will 
know  he  has  done  a  day’s  work. 


without  serious  weather  injury.  As  a  matter 
of  fact,  if  only  we  might  be  assured  a  period 
of  first  class,  dependable  hay-weather  from 
mid-June  to  mid-July  I  would  never  bother 
with  grass  silage.  Putting  grass  or  alfalfa 
into  the  silo  is  after  all  only  a  concession  to 
what  that  old  time  Farm  Institute  worker 
Edward  van  Alstyne  used  to  call  “ Baptist 
Weather.” 

The  feeding  season  just  ended  has  given 
us  a  rather  interesting  experience  with  grass 
silage.  The  story  really  ( Turn  to  Page  14) 


IN  THIS  ISSUE  YOU’  YOUR  FARM  AND  THE  WAR’  Page  3:  POULTRY  HOUSE  LABOR  SAVERS,  Page  S;  COOK’S 

HOLIDAY,  Page  6;  A  NEW  WINTER  BARLEY,  Page  7;  QUESTION  BOX,  Page  9;  LEWIS  PLANNING 
NEW  TACTICS,  Page  11;  PICKLES  AND  RELISHES,  Page  16;  KERNELS,  SCREENINGS  and  CHAFF,  Page  18. 


* 


19  4  2 


AUGUST  1 


The  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative 
is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


Johnny  Huttar  Answers  Some  Questions  That 
Have  Been  Asked  by  G.L.F Poultrymen 


Question :  I’m  producing  eggs  for  market — no 
breeding.  What  mash  should  I  feed  my  layers? 

Answer:  Your  best  buy  is  G.L.F.  Laying  Mash. 
It’s  specification-built  for  layers  only,  and  so 
costs  a  lot  less  than  a  breeding  mash.  Contains 
three  high  protein  sources — soybean  oil  meal, 
meat  scraps,  and  fish  meal.  Also  alfalfa  meal. 

Question:  Pullets  are  out  on  a  clipped  clover 
pasture.  Which  GrL.F.  mash  will  help  them  com¬ 
plete  their  growth  most  economically? 

Answer:  G.L.F.  Green  Pasture  Growing  Mash. 
This  mash  has  been  especially  formulated  to  give 
excellent  growth  to  pullets  on  good  range  eco¬ 
nomically.  It  can  be  purchased  either  with  or 
without  cod  liver  oil.  During  these  sunny  months, 
there’s  no  value  to  feeding  the  cod  liver  oil  and, 
remember,  it  costs  money. 

Question:  Does  the  alfalfa  meal  in  G.L.F.  mashes 
hurt  the  market  value  of  eggs  by  darkening  the  yolk? 

Answer:  No.  Actual  candling  tests  in  the  New 
York  market  have-shown  that  many  of  the  high¬ 
est  quality  eggs  are  produced  on  these  mashes. 

Question:  Why  do  some  G.L.F.  mashes  cost  so 
much  less  than  others?  Is  the  quality  of  ingredients 
lower? 

Answer:  No,  the  ingredients  which  are  used  in 
both  come  out  of  the  same  bins.  A  breeder  mash 
has  to  have  a  few  different  ingredients  to  insure 
good  hatchability.  These  are  expensive  and  not 
needed  for  egg  production  or  the  health  of  the 
hen.  If  you  are  not  producing  hatching  eggs,  you 
might  as  well  save  that  difference. 

Question:  What  is  riboflavin? 

Answer:  Riboflavin  is  the  chemical  name  for 
Vitamin  B2  (sometimes  called  Vitamin  G).  It  is 


needed  in  goodly  amounts  for  normal  growth  and 
health  of  chicks.  Breeders  also  need  a  lot,  layers 
much  less. 

Question:  How  do  you  get  riboflavin  into  a  poultry 
mash? 

Answer :  A  number  of  different  ingredients  pro¬ 
vide  it  in  large  amoynts.  Dried  skimmed  milk  and 
alfalfa  meal  are  equally  good  carriers.  A  pound  of 
dried  whey  provides  half  again  as  much  as  a 
pound  of  dried  skimmed  milk.  Brewers’  yeast  has 
twice  as  much  and  riboflavin  supplement  has  14 
times  as  much.  3 

Question:  What  should  I  do  when  1  can’t  buy 
oyster  shells? 

Answer:  Feed  G.L.F.  Shellmaker.  In  fact,  you 
ought  to  feed  it  anyway,  because  it  provides 
exactly  as  much  calcium  as  oyster  shells,  and  costs 
about  20  cents  a  bag  less.  It  also  acts  as  a  grit, 
so  there’s  another  saving. 


HOT  WEATHER  POULTRY  HINTS 


•  Get  the  lice  off  the  layers. 

•  Paint  the  roosts  with  a  mite-killer  if  mites  are 
present. 

•  Cull  that  boarder — the  early  molter  is  the 
long  molter. 

•  House  only  the  early  pullets  which  are  laying. 
Give  them  lots  of  room  and  lots  of  air  in  the  laying 
house.  They’ve  been  used  to  it.  You  can  add  birds 
to  each  pen  when  it  gets  cool. 

•  Don’t  let  drinking  water  get  dirty  and  hot. 
Birds,  too,  appreciate  a  cool  drink  these  hot  days. 

•  Gather  eggs  frequently  and  keep  them  cool. 


COOPERATIVE  G.L.F.  EXCHANGE,  INC.,  ITHACA,  N.Y 


NO  NITROGEN 
ON  FALL  GRAIN 


The  Government  has 
asked  fertilizer  manu¬ 
facturers  not  to  fur¬ 
nish  fertilizer  con¬ 
taining  nitrogen  for  any  use  other  than 
the  production  of  vegetables. 

Among  the  fertilizer  grades  that  are 
officially  approved  for  use  on  wheat  are 
0-16-8,  0-14-14,  and  0-20-20.  These  will  be 
available  to  wheat  growers  through  G.L.F; 
Service  Agencies.  Many  wheat  growers — 
particularly  those  sowing  wheat  on  man¬ 
ured  ground — will  be  able  to  get  by  with 
superphosphate  alone,  and  will  not  need 
to  buy  a  mixed  fertilizer  for  winter  wheat; 


G.L.F.  SHELLMAKER  Oyster 

shells  have 

BEATS  OYSTER  SHELLS  been  added 

to  the  list  i 

of  extreme  shortages.  For  one  thing, 
transportation  is  not  available  to  bring 
them  in  from  the  Gulf  coast.  Besides, 
even  the  nearby  beds  of  New  Jersey 
aren’t  being  well  harvested  because  of  the 
labor  shortage.  So,  a  lot  of  New  Jersey 
poultrymen  are  learning  something  that 
many  of  their  New  York  and  Pennsylvania 
brethren  have  learned  previously:  that 
oyster  shells  are  by  no  means  necessary  to 
egg  production.  G.L.F.  Shellmaker — - 
a  white,  soluble  limestone  product — 
furnishes  the  calcium  the  hen  needs  to 
make  egg  shells; 

Since  these  limestone  crystals  also  do 
the  work  of  grit,  poultrymen  now  have  a 
double-purpose  product  at  twenty  cents  or 
so  less  than  the  price  of  shells. 


G.L.F.  Shellmaker 


CONTAINERS  FOR  Fruit  and 

vegetable  con- 

FRUITS,  VEGETABLES  tainers,  until 

recently  very 
scarce,  are  now  coming  through  in  good 
order.  All  types  of  baskets  and  most  other 
containers  are  available  in  fairly  good 
quantities  through  G.L.F.  Service  Agen¬ 
cies.  The  one  exception  is  apple  shooks: 
These  are  hard  to  get.  There  may  be  some 
available  later,  so  it’s  a  good  idea  to  have 
your  order  in  anyway. 


SHORT  SUPPLIES  OF  Potato  grow¬ 
ers  can  help 

CALCIUM  ARSENATE  stretch  out  the 

supply  of  cal¬ 
cium  arsenate  by  using  an  80-20  lime- 
copper  dust,  toward  the  end  of  the  potato 
season.  When  potato  beetles  are  around,  a 
60-20-20  lime-calcium-copper  dust  is  the 
ticket.  But  after  the  beetles  are  cleaned  up 
and  you  just  have  the  blight  to  contend 
with,  an  80-20  lime-copper  dust  will  do  the 
job  and  save  the  calcium  arsenate  for 
other  uses. 


THE  FARM  FRONT  TODAY 


Every  MO  N DA  Y  on  these  Stations 


Watertown  WATN 
Rochester  WHAM 
Syracuse  W  SYR 
Troy  WTRY 

Bri  dgeton  W  SN  J 

Newburgh  WGNY 
Scranton  WGBI 
Buffalo  WBEN 


12:05  P.M. 
7:12  A.M. 
12:35  P.M. 
12:15  P.M. 
12:30  P.M. 
1:05  P.M. 
7:00  A.M. 
12:50  P.M. 


Also  G.L.F.  newscasts  over  Station 
WHCU,  Ithaca,  Dial  870,  every  day 
at  7:00  A.M.;  7:50  A.M.;  12:00 
Noon;  7:30  P.M. 


:j\ 


j 


4 


American  Agriculturist,  August  1,  1942 


3  (425) 


YOU.*  YOUR  FARM 
a/id  tfe  W  A  R 


Laid  up ...  or  going  strong 
...which  will  it  be? 


A  LITTLE  EXTRA  CARE — and  lots  of  the  proper  lubrication 
L  — make  a  lot  of  difference  in  the  length  of  a  tractor’s  life. 

Realizing  this,  farmers  are  insisting  on  a  quality  oil  to 
lubricate  their  tractors,  trucks,  and  other  farm  machinery. 
But  quality  doesn’t  necessarily  mean  paying  a  top  price. 
That’s  why  many  farmers  use  Gulflube  Motor  Oil.  Gulflube — 
refined  from  specially  selected  crudes  by  Gulf’s  Multi-sol 
process — is  one  moderately  priced  oil  that  offers  you  a  quality 
bonus.  Try  it. 

About  Cows,  Milk,  and  Flies 


SCRAP  AND  MORE  SCRAP 

Farmers  and  others  have  responded 
wholeheartedly  to  the  appeal  for  scrap, 
but  the  biggest  mistake  that  could  be 
made  would  be  to  assume  that  the  job 
is  done.  It  must  be  continued  and 
must  be  stepped  up. 

The  War  Production  Board  knows 
that  and  is  increasing  its  efforts  to  en¬ 
list  every  available  agency  to  get  every 
bit  of  scrap  metal  and  rubber.  Help¬ 
ing  in  this  program  will  be  farm  equip¬ 
ment  manufacturers  and  their  associa¬ 
tions,  farm  organizations,  and  such 
organizations  as  American  Legion,  Boy 
Scouts,  Rotary,  Lions,  and  Kiwanis,  as 
well  as  many  others.  Eventually, 
county  meetings  will  be  held,  the  area 
divided  up,  and  personal  appeals  made 
or,  if  that  isn’t  possible,  appeals  by 
telephone. 

If  our  steel  mills  are  to  keep  up  the 
flow  of  munitions,  the  furnaces  must 
be  fed.  To  a  steel  mill,  scrap  metal  is 
just  as  essential  as  vitamins  are  to  a 
hen. 

*  *  * 

"STICKY”  APPLES 

With  a  serious  farm  labor  shortage 
facing  agriculture,  more  fruit  grdwers 
will  spray  to  prevent  heavy  drop  of 
apples.  Spray  used  will  keep  the  ap¬ 
ples  on  the  trees  and  enable  a  smaller 
force  of  pickers  to  work  over  a  longer 
period  of  time.  This  type  of  hormone 
spray  acts  on  the  tissues  between  the 
stem  and  the  branch.  It  is  relatively 
low  in  cost,  and  has  proved  very  effec¬ 
tive  . 

Here  are  a  few  things  about  it  to 
keep  in  mind: 

1.  To  be  most  effective,  such  a  spray 
should  be  put  on  just  before  or  at  the 
very  beginning  of  the  harvest  drop. 

2.  Generally  speaking,  sprays  are 
more  effective  if  put  on  when  the  tem¬ 
perature  is  around  75°  F.  If  it  is  neces¬ 
sary  to  put  them  on  when  the  tem¬ 
perature  is  lower — say  down  to  50°  F. 
— the  sprays  can  be  put  on  at  a  little 
heavier  concentration. 

3.  Spray  must  contact  the  fruit  stem 
to  be  effective. 

4.  While  the  spray  makes  the  apples 
stick  to  the  tree,  it  does  not  slow  down 
ripening.  Therefore,  leaving  the  apples 
too  long  will  cut  down  the  period  that 
the  apples  can  be  Kept  in  storage. 

*  *  * 

PRICES 

Price  Administrator  Henderson  is  in 
quite  a  spot.  First  breaks  through 
price  ceilings  concern  the  1942  crop 
of  canned  and  dried  fruits.  Reason  was 
increased  costs  of  canners  which  made 


AMERICAN  FARM 
FRONT  VOLUNTEERS 

lo  win  the  war,  food  is  quite  as 
essential  as  bullets,  tanks,  or 
planes.  Efficient  farm  workers  can¬ 
not  be  trained  over  night.  That  is 
"hy  American  Agriculturist  or¬ 
ganized  the  American  Farm  Front 
Volunteers,  members  of  which  are 
urged  to  seek  deferment  as  essen¬ 
tial  farm  workers,  where  conditions 
warrant  it,  and  to  stay  on  the  farm 
mstead  of  accepting  jobs  in  defense 
work  or  enlisting  in  the  armed 
forces. 

Applications  for  the  American 

arm  Front  Volunteers  Certificate 
can  be  secured  by  writing  to  Am- 
scsCan  Agriculturist,  P.  ‘  O.  Box 
36“-C,  Ithaca,  New  York. 


canning  under  ceiling  impossible  with¬ 
out  serious  cut  in  price  paid  to  pro¬ 
ducer.  Big  question  is,  “Will  other 
prices  puncture  ceiling  and  defeat  the 
whole  program?”  Important  factor  is 
apparent  lack  of  any  effective  control 
of  wages  to  date,  but  indications  point 
to  some  sort  of  action  soon.  “Wildcat” 
strikes  without  authorization  of  labor 
unions  are  threat  to  war  efforts. 

Congress  says  “no”  to  Henderson’s 
proposal  of  government  subsidies  to 
businesses  squeezed  by  price  ceilings. 

Effective  July  1,  consumer  services, 
where  materials  are  involved,  were  put 
under  price  ceiling.  For  example,  shoe 
repairing  is  under  price  ceiling.  Serv¬ 
ices  of  lawyers,  doctors  and  barbers 
are  not. 

Congressional  deadlock  on  sale  of 
surplus  wheat  was  broken  on  July  15. 
The  House  agreed  to  go  along  with  the 
Senate  to  allow  sale  of  125,000,000 
bushels  of  government-owned  wheat  at 
85%  of  parity  price  of  corn.  Action 
is  victory  for  northeastern  agriculture. 
Livestock  feed  at  reasonable  price  will 
clear  storage  bins  for  coming  crop  and 
help  maintain  production  of  milk,  eggs 
and  livestock. 

Congress  has  been  talking  about  law 
to  require  government  loans  on  wheat 
crop  at  100%  parity.  Rumor  is  that 
President  would  veto  any  such  bill, 
which  probably  would  result  in  lower 
hog  production  as  farmers  would  get 
higher  returns  by  taking  such  loans 
than  they  would  by  feeding. 

*  *  * 

PRODUCTION 

With  few  exceptions,  crops  look  just 
about  the  best  ever.  Wheat  and  oats 
are  lodging  in  some  areas,  but  yields 
will  be  above  average. 

Production  of  milk  and  eggs  con¬ 
tinues  to  break  records  and  year’s  hog 
crop  is  estimated  at  105,500,000  head, 
compared  with  85,000,000  in  1941. 
However,  if  farm  help  situation  gets 
worse,  farm  production  in  1943  will 
suffer. 

Government  is  sponsoring  produc¬ 
tion  of  hemp  seed  to  be  planted  in 
1943  for  making  bags. 

*  *  * 

TRANSPORTATION 

Although  the  Office  of  Defense 
Transportation  has  rescinded  the  rul¬ 
ing  requiring  75%  load  for  commercial 
trucks,  this  must  not  affect  determi¬ 
nation  of  farmers  and  others  to  reduce 
truck  mileage  to  a  minimum.  Present 
regulation  requires  commercial  trucks 
to  carry  full  loads  over  “a  considerable 
portion  of  the  trip,  including  the  re¬ 
turn.”  Revised  regulations  on  subject 
due  soon. 

Less  water  is  being  shipped  to  Al¬ 
lies.  Dried  foods  were  tried  in  the  last 
war  with  doubtful  results.  Now  dried 
eggs,  fruit,  vegetables  —  even  dried 
meat — are  the  order  of  the  day.  Secret 
is  rapid  dehydration,  better  packaging. 
Result  is  big  increase  in  the  amount 
one  ship  can  carry. 

The  O.D.T.  repeats  that  county  fairs 
are  not  essential  and  in  most  cases 
should  be  postponed.  Farmers  ask, 
“Why  not  close  race-tracks?” 

Railroads  are  on  the  job.  Since 
January  1,  freight  car  loadings  totaled 
21,813,860;  same  period  last  year, 
20,591,091;  two  years  ago,  17,551,704. 
Due  to  longer  hauls,  increase  in  ton 
miles  is  even  greater. 


During  the  fly  season,  many  dairymen 
use  Gulf  Livestock  Spray  to  help  pro¬ 
tect  their  cows.  This  effective  spray  is 
made  with  pyrethrum — the  time-tested 
insect- killing- and- repelling  ingre¬ 
dient,  and  a  specially  processed  neutral 
oil  base.  Gulf  Livestock  Spray  does 
two  jobs  for  your  cattle,  and  does 
them  well. 

1.  It  kills  flies,  lice,  and  ticks  when  you 
spray  it  on  them. 

2.  It  repels  stable  and  horn  flies,  mos¬ 
quitoes,  and  gnats  in  barn  and  pasture. 
This  helps  you  reduce  the  insect  annoy¬ 
ance  that  often  cuts  milk  production. 

What’s  more,  Gulf  Livestock  Spray 


Gulf  fuels  and  lubricants  are  available  at 
your  Good  Gulf  station  and  at  Gulf  distrib¬ 
uting  plants.  Gulfspray, 
Gulf  Livestock  Spray,  and 
other  Gulf  products  for 
home  and  farm  are  sold  at 
Gulf  stations,  grocery, 
drug,  hardware,  variety 
stores.  ..at  milk  gathering 
stations  and  by  feed  stores. 


can  be  sprayed  at  milking  time  to  quiet 
your  cows,  without  imparting  taste  or 
odor  to  milk.  It’s  economical,  and  it’s 
sold  on  the  basis  of  Satisfaction  Guar¬ 
anteed  or  youn  Money  Back. 


HOW  TO  DO  IT 

by  R.  J.  S.  Pigott 

Gulf  Research  and  Development  Division 

TO  STOP  THAT  SQUEAK 

Gulf  Penetrating  Oil  is  ideal  for  many 
small  jobs  that  come  up  on  a  farm.  It 
quickly  loosens  rusted  nuts  and  bolts, 
pipe  couplings,  hinges,  locks,  and 
other  metal  parts.  Gulf  Penetrating 
Oil  reaches  the  tiniest,  tight-fitting 
recesses,  carrying  along  microscopi¬ 
cally  fine  graphite  which  softens  rust 
swiftly.  This  handy  oil  puts  a  quick 
stop  to  squeaks  in  automobile  springs, 
and  it’s  economical  to  use,  too. 


FREE— 60-Page  Tractor  Manual 

Just  off  the  press!  A  complete,  authori¬ 
tative,  non-technical  encyclopedia  on 
tractor  operation  and  maintenance.  A 
book  you’d  have  to  pay  a  dollar  to  buy 
— if  it  were  for  sale.  Compiled  and 
edited  by  Gulf  engineers.  Limited  sup¬ 
ply  available  to  tractor  operators 
only.  Send  a  postcard  to  Gulf  Farm 
Aids,  Room  3800,  Gulf  Building,  Pitts¬ 
burgh,  Pa.,  for  your  copy,  stating  type 
or  types  of  tractors  you  operate. 

OIL  IS  AMMUNITION  •  USE  IT  WISELY 


TUNE  IN— “We,  the  People”! — Sunday  Night  at  7:30  Eastern  War  Time — Columbia  Network 


(426)  4 


Ai  xerican  Agriculturist,  August  1,  1942 


PAGE 


Address  all  mail  for  Editorial  or  Advert!*. 
Ing  departments  to  American  Agriculturist, 
Savings  Bank  Building.  Ithaca.  New  York. 


CROPS  ARE  GOOD 

HIS  YEAR,  haying  has  been  a  tough  job 
and  there  is  still  plenty  of  the  first  cutting 
unharvested  the  last  of  July.  Help  is  scarce, 
and  there  has  been  little  good  hay  weather. 

But  the  frequent  rains  have  kept  the  pastures 
green  in  most  sections  of  the  Northeast,  the 
best  in  years.  Dairymen  now,  however,  are  be¬ 
ginning  to  supplement  the  pastures  with  grain 
and  hay  or  silage. 

I  never  saw  crops  in  general  looking  any  bet¬ 
ter  than  they  do  now.  Corn  is  a  dark  rich  green, 
with  even  stands,  and  growing  inches  every 
night.  What  a  grand  crop  it  is  anyway! 

Most  dairymen  will  certainly  have  plenty  of 
good  forage  this  winter. 

Potatoes,  too,  now  promise  an  excellent  crop. 
But  plenty  can  happen  to  them  yet.  With  hot 
moist  weather  will  come  the  blight,  unless  the 
sprayers  are  kept  going  frequently  and  regularly. 

The  Victory  gardens  and  vegetables  also  are 
tops. 

Speaking  of  gardens,  Paul  Work,  our  Vege¬ 
table  Crops  Editor,  and  I  have  had  a  feud  go¬ 
ing  on  for  several  years  about  who  gets  the  first 
vegetables.  After  all  of  his  boasting,  I  think  I 
beat  him  this  year  with  the  first  peas,  but  then 
he  turned  the  tables  by  sending  me  the  second 
week  in  July  a  very  beautiful  package  which 
when  opened  I  found  to  contain  a  fine  ear  of 
sweet  corn.  He  beat  me  by  about  a  week.  We 
had  our  first  mess  of  corn  on  July  19. 

Son  Don  and  I  have  rented  a  community 
freezing  locker  and  already  have  it  pretty  well 
packed  full  of  fruit  and  vegetables  which  we 
hope  will  be  just  as  good  next  winter  as  they 
were  when  picked  fresh  from  the  garden. 

I  wonder  if  any  of  our  friends  have  as  much 
trouble  with  rabbits  in  their  crops  and  gardens 
as  we  have  had.  The  Conservation  Departments 
have  protected  rabbits  until  they  have  become 
one  of  our  worst  pests.  There  should  be  an  open 
season  on  them  the  year  around  until  they  are 
cleaned  up.  What’s  the  use  of  producing  more 
food  just  to  feed  rabbits? 

Along  toward  the  cool  of  the  evening,  after 
the  day’s  work  on  the  regular  job  is  done,  I  have 
been  out  swinging  a  hand  scythe  and  a  bush 
hook  cleaning  up  brush  around  the  roads  and 
fences,  and  as  I  work  I  like  to  think  of  the  old 
boys  in  other  generations,  back  in  the  beginning 
of  things  in  America,  who  did  these  hand  jobs  so 
well,  and  who  pondered  Life  and  its  problems 
while  they  worked,  just  as  we  do. 

Life  moving  always  onward  from  one  genera¬ 
tion  to  another  is  something  like  a  great  winding 
river  flowing  to  the  sea. 

DON’T  GET  CAUGHT 

AILROADS  of  this  country  are  doing  the 
best  job  in  their  history.  Besides  their  reg¬ 
ular  business,  they  are  carrying,  for  the  most 
part  on  time,  the  vast  amount  of  war  materials 
which  factories  are  turning  out,  and  are  trans¬ 
porting  our  rapidly- growing  Army. 

But  the  hardest  job  in  transportation  will 
come  this  fall.  On  top  of  the  transportation  of 
munitions  and  men  will  come  the  problem  of 
getting  all  of  our  crops  to  market.  Already  many 
trucks  arc  going  off  the  road  because  they  can¬ 
not  get  rubber.  More  will  soon  go.  Crops  to  be 
marketed  are  the  largest  in  the  history  of  agri¬ 
culture,  and  we  here  in  the  East  must  have  our 
great  supplies  of  dairy  and  poultry  feeds,  be¬ 
sides  everything  else  that  we  need. 


All  this  means  that  there  probably  will  be 
long  periods  when  we  cannot  get  stuff  delivered 
when  we  need  it.  What  if  you  are  caught  with¬ 
out  feed  for  two  weeks  or  more?  The  need  now 
is  more  urgent  than  ever  to  keep  as  much  feed 
ahead  as  you  can  possibly  find  room  for.  Don’t 
wait  until  the  jam  comes. 

WIRE  AND  NAILS  KILE  STOCK 

“I  noticed  your  article  on  Page  12  of  the  July  4 
issue  entitled  “A  Piece  of  Wire  Killed  Her.”  It  is 
my  honest  belief  that  a  considerable  percentage  of 
cows  that  go  out  of  .a  herd  go  out  because  of  hard¬ 
ware  in  the  stomach.  I  am  told  that  the  butchers 
find  quite  a  large  percentage  of  the  cattle  that  they 
kill  with  nails  and  wires  in  the  stomach.  Many  of 
the  cattle  don’t  die  because  of  it,  for  the  simple 
reason  that  they  are  sold  to  the  butcher  before  the 
nails  and  wires  take  effect.  I  think  most  farmers 
would  be  astonished  to  know  this.  Perhaps  I  am 
more  aware  of  this  than  most  people  because  I  re¬ 
cently  lost  one  of  my  very  best  purebred  cows  which 
we  were  using  as  one  of  our  foundation  cows.  With 
pick-up  balers  coming  into  general  use,  this  prob¬ 
lem  is  going  to  be  worse  than  ever.” — J.  M.,  N.  Y. 

OME  TIME  ago  I  was  walking  through  a 
large  feed  manufacturing  mill  in  the  Central 
West  and  my  attention  was  called  to  a  magnetic 
machine  through  which  all  the  feed  was  run  in 
order  to  pick  out  stray  pieces  of  metal.  I  was 
astonished  at  the  amount  of  metal  taken  out  of 
the  feed. 

All  manufacturing  companies  now  do  a  good 
job  of  extracting  this  metal  before  it  reaches  the 
farm,  but  as  J.  M.  points  out  in  the  above  let¬ 
ter,  it  gets  back  in  again  after  the  feed  reaches 
the  farm. 

HOGS  BRING  PROBLEMS 

ARMERS  of  America  will  this  year  raise 
18j/2  million  more  hogs  than  in  any  pre¬ 
vious  year  on  record.  That  is  the  hog  growers’ 
answer  to  the  request  of  the  government  for 
more  pork  to  help  win  the  war. 

This  heavy  production,  however,  brings  two 
problems  to  hog  producers:  One  is  the  difficulty 
of  putting  this  pork  on  the  market  this  fall 
gradually,  so  as  not  to  cause  a  surplus  or  run 
into  transportation  troubles.  The  other  problem 
of  heavy  production  of  pork  is  a  permanent  one, 
and  it  faces  all  other  farmers  also.  How  are  we 
going  to  slow  down  this  great  agricultural  pro¬ 
ducing  machine  to  normal  again  after  the  war 
and  its  pressing  demands  are  over?  That  will 
take  some  thinking  and  some  doing  if  we  are 
to  avoid  starvation  farm  prices  again. 

HOW  THE  SOLDIERS  AND 
SAILORS  FEEL 

OMING  up  from  New  York  City  on  the 
train  last  night  I  had  a  long  visit  with  a 
young  naval  lieutenant  who,  after  we  had  got¬ 
ten  well  acquainted,  told  me  that  it  had  been 
necessary  for  him  to  give  up  his  career  in  order 
to  serye  his  country. 

“But”,  he  added,  “I’m  willing  to  do  it,  pro¬ 
viding  other  citizens  do  their  share  too.  You’ve 
no  idea  how  mad  it  makes  men  in  service  to  hear 
about  labor  strikes  or  about  citizens  grumbling 
over'  such  minor  matters  as  lack  of  gas  and 
tires. 

“Just  two  nights  ago,”  he  continued,  “I 
heard  a  Commander  of  a  submarine  give  a  talk 
at  Annapolis.  This  man  and  his  crew  had  been 
in  the  battle  of  the  Coral  Sea.  The  submarine 
was  sunk,  most  of  the  men  were  lost,  and  the 


Commander  himself  had  been  disabled.” 

“  ‘Now  I’m  back  in  the  United  States’,  said 
this  Commander,  ‘and  I  hear  more  talk  about 
wages  and  rubber  and  gasoline  shortage  than  I 
do  about  winning  the  war.’  ” 

Well,  it  isn’t  all  that  way.  I  was  visiting  with 
a  farmer  the  other  day  and  he  said  to  me: 

“Mother  and  I  have  a  boy  in  the  service.  We 
don’t  know  where  he  is,  we  haven’t  heard  from 
him  in  three  months.  We  write  him  regularly 
once  a  week  in  care  of  a  postmaster.  And  maybe 
after  a  while  he  gets  our  letters.  I  don’t  know. 
I  do  know  that  we  are  lonesome  and  worried. 
I  have  reached  the  time  of  life  when  I’d  sort  of 
hoped  to  take  things  a  little  easier  on  thfc  farm. 
The  boy  was  interested  in  the  farm  work,  and 
was  going  to  take  over. 

“But  now  I’m  working  harder  than  ever.” 

That  man  and  his  wife  were  more  worried  over 
winning  this  war  and  getting  their  boy  back 
home  than  they  were  about  tires  or  gasoline. 
There  are  thousands  like  them,  and  as  the  war 
goes  on,  there  will  be  thousands  more.  We  are 
going  to  put  things  in  their  proper  places  and 
minor  inconveniences  will  have  minor  places. 

”A  GOOD  RAIN— FOR  CONSUMERS” 

FTEN  I  hear  some  city  friend  say:  “It’s  a 
good  rain  for  farmers,”  or  “This  or  that 
will  make  the  farmer’s  crops  grow.” 

To  such  remarks  I  often  answer:  “Yes,  it's  a 
good  rain  for  consumers.”  The  great  consuming 
public  needs  better  knowledge  of  farm  condi¬ 
tions  and  better  appreciation  of  how  dependent 
people  are  on  farmers  and  on  all  the  conditions 
that  make  it  possible  for  farmers  to  produce  a 
plentiful  supply  of  food. 

The  great  industrial  cities  of  America  were 
made  possible  by  cheap  food  more  than  by  any¬ 
thing  else.  The  farmer  of  the  past  too  often  re¬ 
ceived  such  low  prices  for  his  products  that  he 
had  to  mine  the  fertility  of  his  soil  in  order  to 
keep  going,  and  the  city  people,  not  the  farmer, 
received  the  benefit  of  this  fertility. 

PLASTICS  AND  FARM  RELIEF 

HERE  are  now  over  1500  plastics,  with 
new  ones  coming  along  almost  every  day. 
Many  of  these  are  being  used  as  substitutes  for 
the  hundreds  of  machinery  parts  and  gadgets 
made  from  steel,  zinc  and  aluminum.  These 
plastics  may  prove  to  be  a  life  saver  in  replacing 
metals  needed  by  defense  program. 

Best  of  all,  many  of  the  plastics  are  made 
from  surplus  farm  products,  and  therefore  con¬ 
stitute  one  form  of  aid  to  the  farmer  that  is 
worth  talking  about. 

EASTMAN’S  CHESTNUT 

TO  ILLUSTRATE  how  easily  the  world  sit¬ 
uation  now  gets  us  all  discouraged,  Ed 
Barlow,  president  of  the  Barlow  Advertising 
Agency  at  Syracuse,  tells  the  story  of  the  fellow 
who  was  always  expecting  the  worst  to  happen 
to  him. 

One  day  this  chap  was  in  the  barber’s  shop, 
with  the  apron  on,  his  face  lathered,  and  shav¬ 
ed  on  one  side  when  the  outer  door  opened  and 
a  man  shouted: 

“Casey,  your  house  is  on  fire!” 

The  pessimist  jumped  from  the  chair,  tore  off 
the  apron,  and  dashed  down  the  street  as  fast 
as  he  could  go.  After  he  had  gone  about  four 
blocks,  he  suddenly  stopped  and  said : 

“What  the  heck  am  I  running  for?  My  name 
ain’t  Casey!” 


AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  Constructive  and  Progressive  Since  1842.  Volume  139  No.  16.  Published  every  other  Saturday  at  in  North  Cherry  St  .  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y—  Editorial  a 
Advertising  offices  at  Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Advertising  Representatives,  The  Katz  Agency.— Entered  as  Second  Class  Matter,  December  3,  1927,  at  the  Post  Office  at  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. ,  under 
of  March  6,  1879  —  Frank  E.  Gannett,  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors;  E.  E.  Eastman,  president  and  editor:  Hugh  L.  Cosline,  associate  editor;  Fred  W.  Ohm,  production  manager;  Mrs.  Grace  Watkins  Huckett.  nouseUj 
editor;  Al  Coleman,  art  editor;  Contributing  jditors:  L.  B.  Skeffington.  Jared  Van  Wagenen,  Jr.,  Ed.  Mitchell,  Paul  Work.  L.  E.  Weaver,  J.  C.  Huttar;  I.  W.  Ingalls,  advertising  manager;  E.  C.  Weatherby,  secreiaiy 
circulation  manager;  V.  E.  Grover,  subscription  manager.  Subscription  price  payable  in  advance.  $.50  a  year  in  the  D.  S.  A. 


Ar  lerican  Agriculturist,  August  1,  1942 


5  (427) 


4.  Picture  four  is  a  movable  catch¬ 
ing  panel.  The  long  panel  is  made  from 
5  ft.  to  7  ft.  long;  the  short  ones  are 
from  2V2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Panels  are  from 
30  in.  to  36  in.  high.  The  one  shown  is 


tend  %  in.  inside  to  prevent  wasting 
feed  and  a  6-in.  compartment  at  each 
end  provides  space  for  oyster  shells  and 
grit.  The  stand  is  made  of  four  2-in.  by 
4-in.  boards,  16  in.  long,  with  ends  tap¬ 
ered  to  fit  the  box  and  give  a  level  foot¬ 
ing  on  the  floor. 

A  notch  in  each  leg  holds  the  pole 


The  water  is  delivered 
under  pressure  at  one 
end  of  the  trough, 
and  controlled  eith¬ 
er  by  a  float  valve 
or  by  the  drip 
from  the 
faucet. 

At  the  oth¬ 
er  end  is  a  drain 
opening  1  in.  in  diameter  and  di¬ 
rectly  over  the  drain  pipe.  A  rubber 
fixture  holds  a  rubber  or  glass  overflow 
tube  that  determines  the  depth  of 
water  in  the  trough.  It  is  usually  kept 
at  1  in. 

To  clean  the  trough  the  overflow 
drain  is  removed,  the  water  being  turn¬ 
ed  on  at  the  other  end  to  flush  out  the 
trough  while  it  is  being  scrubbed. 

The  litter  is  kept  dry  by  removable 


waste  water.  On  wooden  floors,  the 
frame  can  be  set  in  a  galvanized  pan 
with  1-in.  sides  which  has  a  pipe  to 
carry  waste  water  into  the  drain  pipe. 

3-  Picture  three  shows  a  homemade 
insulator  for  water  pails  where  running 
water  is  not  available.  A  16-qt.  galva¬ 
nized  pail  will  serve  100  layers.  The 
box  is  made  to  provide  about  iy2  in. 
of  space  for  insulation  between  the 
nearest  top  edge  of  the  box  and  the 
pail.  The  galvanized  iron  box  cover  is 
cut  to  fit  snugly  under  the  edge  of  the 
pail  and  is  sloped  to  carry  off  any  drip 
water.  Insulation  must  be  kept  dry  to 
remain  effective. 

The  bottom  of  the  box  is  removable. 


on  which  the  hens  stand  so  the  top  of 
the  pole  is  6-in.  below  the  top  edge  of 
the  feeder  box  and  4-in.  away  from  the 
side.  Tying  the  legs  together  are  1-in. 
by  4-in.  crosspieces,  25  in.  long.  The 
outside  spread  of  legs  at  the  bottom  is 
about  25  in. 

2.  The  essentials  of  watering  de¬ 
vices  are  these — they  must  be  easy  to 
clean  and  flush;  provision  must  be 
made  for  keeping  floor  litter  dry;  they 
must  be  simple  and  inexpensive.  Pic¬ 
ture  two  shows  a  watering  trough  at 

a  partition  so  it  serves  two  pens.  The  wire  frames,  made 
trough  is  3  in.  wide  and  2 y2  in.  deep,  of  1-in.  by  6-in.  boards 
The  edge  of  the  trough  is  14  in.  above  and  covered  with  a  %-in 
the  floor,  and  the  partition  between  mesh  woven  wire  or  2-in.  mesh 
the  pens  gives  a  clearance  of  2  in.  for  No.  14  gauge  welded 
drinking  space  in  each  pen.  A  trough  Frames  are  10  in.  wide. 

4  ft.  long  will  serve  100  hens  in  each  On  concrete  floors,  the  floor  can  be 
Pen,  a  10-ft.  trough  will  handle  250.  sloped  at  the  drain  to  carry  off  the 


wire. 


made  with  1-in.  by  3-in.  boards  covered 
with  1-in.  mesh  No.  18  gauge  wire 
netting.  Using  it,  birds  can  be  pushed 
up  against  a  wall  or  in  a  corner  where 
they  can  be  caught  easily. 

5.  Picture  five  shows  a  homemade 
catching  crate.  If  you  want  to  make 
one,  the  dimensions  are:  36  in.  long,  24 
in.  wide,  19  in.  high.  The  four  corner 
posts  are  1%  in.  by  1  y2  in.  square, 
while  the  two  end  gates,  four  top  cross¬ 
pieces,  and  four  upright  cleats  to  hold 
gates  in  place  are  1  in.  by  2  in.  The 
sides  and  ends  are  inclosed  by  1-in. 
mesh  netting  or  by  laths  spaced  1-in. 
apart.  The  bottom  can  be  of  ^-in.  ply¬ 
wood. 

6.  Picture  six  shows  a  model  of  a 
self-closing  door  which  opens  either 
way  and  is  very  handy  between  pens. 
The  weight  at  the  end  of  the  rope 
closes  the  door  when  it  is  released.  The 
door  frame  is  of  1-in.  by  4-in.  material, 

( Continued  on  Page  15) 


OULTRY  house  equipment 
adds  satisfaction  to  the 
poultryman’s  work  generally 
meAns  better  care  of  the  lay¬ 
ers.  The  equipment  discussed 
serves  that  purpose.  Moreover,  since 
this  equipment  is  made  principally  of 
wood,  it  is  particularly  adapted  for 
war-time  use  in  view  of  the  scarcity  of 
galvanized  metal,  from  which  much 
laying  house  equipment  has  been  made. 
It  appears,  also,  that  homemade  equip¬ 
ment  will  be  necessary  because  of  the 
near  future  war-time  scarcity  of  manu¬ 
factured  equipment. 


1.  Picture  one  shows  a  new  improv¬ 
ed  feeder,  designed  at  the  Ohio  Sta¬ 
tion.  Two  feeders  8  ft.  long  will  serve 
100  hens.  They  are  designed  to  stand 
as  close  to  the  floor  as  possible  to  dis¬ 
courage  hens  from  roosting  on  them, 
yet  high  enough  to  prevent  hens  from 
scratching  litter  into  them. 

Feeder  box  is  4  in.  deep  and  8  in. 
wide  inside  and  equipped  with  a  2-in. 
by  2-in.  revolving  pole  in  the  center. 
Laths  around  the  top  of  the  feeder  ex¬ 


EDITOR’S  NOTE:  The  pictures  and  information  on  this  page  are  sup¬ 
plied  through  the  courtesy  of  D.  C.  Kennard  and  V.  D.  Chamberlain  of 
the  State  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  at  Wooster,  Ohio. 


When  box  and  cover  are  completed,  the 
pail  is  put  in  place,  the  box  turned  up¬ 
side  down,  and  straw,  excelsior,  or 
newspaper  is  packed  firmly  around  it. 
The  bottom  then  is  nailed  on,  and  when 
the  pail  is  removed,  the  packing  will 
stay  in  place. 

The  1-in.  by  3-in.  boards  on  which 
the  hens  stand  when  drinking  are  4  in. 
below  the  top  of  the  pail  and  edges 
are  1  in.  from  the  box. 

The  gadget  at  the  right  in  the  picture 
is  a  water  heater.  This  is  made  of  a 
12-in.  piece  of  galvanized  iron  conduc¬ 
tor  pipe,  with  the  bottom  soldered  on  to 
make  it  water  tight.  A  6-in.  disc  of  gal¬ 
vanized  iron  is  soldered  on  the  bot¬ 
tom  to  keep  it  upright.  Then  1  in.  of 
sand  is  put  in  the  bottom  of  the  heater, 
and  a  rubber-covered  extension  cord 
and  bulb  are  inserted  so  the  bulb  rests 
on  the  sand.  The  heater  is  then  filled 
with  sand  within  an  inch  or  two  of  the 
top,  and  a  galvanized  iron  cap  care¬ 
fully  fitted  to  keep  it  water  tight.  Reg¬ 
ular  electric  light  bulbs  can  be  used, 
although  carbon  filament  bulbs  are 
preferable. 


POULTRY  HOUSE 
LABOR  SAYERS 


(428)  6 


Ai  terican  Agriculturist,  August  1,  1942 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 

Transplanted  Strawberry 

Plants,  better  and  more  practical  than  pot  grown  plants 
at  one-third  the  price.  Everything  in  nursery  stock. 

D.  J.  Knibloe,  R.  2,  Fillmore,  N.  Y. 

59  years  experience.  Catalog  free. 

L.  J.  FARMER,  Dept.  A. A.,  PULASKI,  NEW  YORK 

^Ue  fyaAm&il'  Station. 


Invites  you  to  listen  at  12:15 
every  noon  except  Sunday 


for  GLF  and  Farm  Bureau  Programs 

9  8  0 

ON  YOUR  DIAL 


Cook’s  Holiday 


&y  Ro.mey*i  fiesisiy 


THERE  WAS  one  day  in  the  little 
lull  between  wheat  and  oats  when 
your  reporter  was  admonished  to  sus¬ 
pend  his  own  personal  labors  in  the 
vineyard  to  gird  up  his  loins  and  to  set 
about  getting  dinner  in  the  kitchen. 

Such  violent  changes  in  the  daily 
routine  are  not  uncommon  in  our 
establishment  where  the  lady  of  the 
house  is  quite  as  apt  to  drive  the  truck 
to  town  with  a  load  of  this  or  that  as 
she  is  to  perform  the  more  strictly 
feminine  duties  of  the  farmstead. 

Getting  dinner  is  by  no  means  a 
novel  experience  to  your  reporter.  But 
commonly  there  go,  along  with  the  in¬ 
structions,  practical  hints  on  what  to 
have  —  some  chicken  left-overs  per¬ 
haps,  fashioned  into  a  tasty  warm-up, 
a  green  salad,  and  the  remainders  of  a 
rice  pudding.  But  on  the  occasion  in 
question,  such  matters  were  not  touch¬ 
ed  upon  until  the  truck  was  in  motion. 
Even  then  there  were  no  specifications. 
We  were  just  referred  with  a  broad 
sweep  of  the  hand  to  the  garden,  the 
freezing  box,  and  the  obvious  bounties 
of  a  Kindly  Providence  all  about  us. 

“Have  what  you  want.  Go  pick  or 
dig  what  you  like,  and  then  cook  it  to 
suit  yourself.  I’ll  be  back  when  I  re¬ 
turn.” 

*  *  * 

So  when  the  cook  and  the  truck  had 
faded  around  the  bend  in  the  road,  we 
went  out  in  the  garden,  debating  long 
between  small  beets  and  little  carrots 
in  the  manner  of  a  little  boy  at  the 
drugstore  in  a  torment  of  indecision 
over  chocolate  or  strawberry.  We  took 
carrots.  They  were  about  the  side  of 
the  middle  finger  on  an  eight-year-old, 
only  longer  and  more  tapering.  The 
carrots  needed  thinning  more  than  the 
beets  did. 

It  was  a  pretty  nice  mid-summer 
I  dinner,  if  we  do  say  it  that  shouldn’t. 
And  after  we’d  washed  up  the  dishes, 
we  sat  out  under  the  trees  and 
thought  about  it  for  a  while  with  the 
trace  of  a  guilty  feeling.  It  didn’t 
seem  quite  right  for  us  to  be  so  bless¬ 
ed  in  a  stricken  world  where  most  folks 
aren’t  getting  enough  to  eat.  For 
everything  we  had  for  dinner  had  been 
acquired  without  money  and  without 
price.  It  had  been  growing  at  break¬ 
fast  time  in  our  own  loam,  and  the  lit¬ 
tle  we’d  taken  for  our  own  immediate 
needs  had  caused  no  visible  diminution 
in  the  supply. 

There  had  been  new  potatoes  boiled 
in  their  torn  jackets,  fragrant  with  all 
the  sweet  smells  of  the  holy  earth; 
peas  fresh  from  the  vine  and  scented 
of  it;  and  there  had  been  spare-ribs  out 
of  the  freezing  box  from  a  shoat  who 
had  departed  this  life  but  a  week  be¬ 
fore  at  the  age  of  six  months  and  the 
gross  tonnage  of  156  pounds.  “A  short 
life  and  a  merry  one,”  had  been  the 
motto  of  that  shoat,  for  in  spite  of  a 
diet  of  skim  milk,  corn  and  alfalfa,  he 
had  proved  to  be  a  fence  breaker  of 
note.  By  a  unanimous  vote,  our  estab¬ 
lishment  had  decided  that  in  his  case 
it  preferred  spare-ribs  in  the  summer 
time  to  chasing  a  loose  pig  at  incon¬ 
venient  hours. 

Afterwards  there  had  been  raspber¬ 
ries —  heavy,  soggy,  purple  ones  too 
ripe  to  ship,  sufficiently  annointed  with 
yellow  cream  from  that  morning’s  milk¬ 
ing.  Everything  except  the  salt  and 
the  tea,  as  nearly  as  we  could  figure, 
had  come  off  the  place  and  had  never- 
seen  a  store.  Nor  had  we  taken 
thought  to  bring  this  thing  about. 
Even  the  realization  of  the  fact  was  an 
after-thought. 

The  nation  at  the  moment  has  “nu¬ 
trition”  on  its  mind.  An  excellent  state 
of  affairs  —  a  phenomenon  that  is 
bound  to  work  to  the  benefit  of  farm¬ 


ers.  In  some  cases  it  will  help  the 
cash  account;  in  all  cases  it  should 
benefit  the  dinner  table.  For  the  chief 
end  of  farming  is  to  produce  meals, 
and  about  the  only  place  we  know 
where  you  can  get  nutrition  is  at  the 
dinner  table  and  from  meals.  As  long 
as  nutrition  is  being  handed  around  so 
liberally,  we  can’t  see  why  the  farmer 
shouldn’t  take  a  little  for  himself  as 
it  goes  by. 

*  *  * 

r 

At  our  house  we  read  about  vita¬ 
mins,  calories,  calcium,  carbohydrates, 
and  iron;  we  recognize  their  important 
relation  to  human  health  and  energy. 
But  we  really  don’t  know  much  about 
them.  With  the  best  of  intentions,  we 
have  to  go  at  the  matter  blind  and  de¬ 
pend  largely  on  somebody  else’s  say  so. 
Nevertheless,  we  have  a  comfortable, 
ignorant  feeling  that  on  any  day  the 
cook’s  away,  and  your  reporter  has  to 
get  dinner,  the  family  are  pretty  apt  to 
get  their  vitamins  and  what  not  if  we 
just  give  ’em  things  off  the  place  to  eat 
—  spare-ribs  for  example,  fresh  peas, 
new  potatoes  in  ragged  jackets,  milk, 
little  carrots,  wheat  bread,  fresh  butter, 
and  purple,  soggy  berries.  We  know  it’s 
a  good  dinner,  and  we  suspect  it’s  nu¬ 
tritious,  too.  That  point  is  stressed 
because  when  the  cook  comes  back,  we 
hope  she’ll  be  able  to  give  us  nutrition 
without  interfering  too  much  with  our 
regular  meals. 

But  I  hear  someone  say,  “All  right. 
Getting  dinner  off  the  place  when  the 
cook  takes  a  holiday  is  not  too  diffi¬ 
cult  in  mid-summer.  But  what  will  a 
dumb  man  do  if  she  takes  it  into  her 
head  to  drive  the  truck  to  town  some 
time  in  February  ■  when  the  raspberry 
canes  are  so  much  dead  wood,  and  all 
you  can  see  of  what  was  once  the  gar¬ 
den  is  a  regiment  of  corn  stalks  stick¬ 
ing  up  through  the  snow?” 

And  we  reply,  “The  cellar  is  the 
February  garden.  It’s  being  planted 
now  to  rows  of  glass  jars  and  carboys 
of  tomato  juice  which  is  as  near  as  we 
can  come  to  bottled  sunshine.  There 
ax-e  hooks  for  hams  and  bacon.  (That 
wandering  shoat  had  moi’e  docile 
brothers  and  cousins.)  There  are  bins 
and  shelves  for  potatoes  and  cabbages; 
baiTels  for  what  it  takes  to  make  corn- 
beef  hash.  Henry,  our  steer,  who  is 
now  making  bones  in  the  back  pasture, 
will  eventually  find  his  way  into  those 
barrels  —  such  portions  of  him  that  do 
not  become  steaks  and  roasts  in  the 
freezer.  We’ll  get  along,  I  think,  in 
February.  There  are  always  eggs  and 
not  infrequently  an  irritating  hen  who 
desix-es  to  spend  the  winter  in  the 
status  of  a  summer  boarder.  Of  such 
can  fricassees  be  made  in  February. 

I  would  not  give  the  impression  that 
our  cook’s  taking  a  holiday  and  driv¬ 
ing  the  truck  to  town'  is  an  every-day 
occui’rence  up  our  road.  Most  of  the 
( Continued  on  Page  13) 


•■on,  John,  put  another  cork  on 
my  line  —  mine  sunk!” 


1  (429) 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  August  1,  1942 


Taken  June  25,  this  picture  shows  a  plot  of  Wong  barley  at  the  left.  Note  its  up¬ 
right  straw.  At  the  right  are  three  strips  of  barley  —  Poland,  Kentucky  No.  1,  and 
Michigan  Winter  —  which  are  badly  lodged. 


WONG — A  New  Winter  Barley 

B ij  F.  P.  BUSSELL 


WINTER  BARLEY  was  a  sort  of 
orphan  child  left  on  the  doorstep 
of  farmers  in  the  Northeast  about  ten 
years  ago.  Some  took  him  in,  and 
gave  him  a  regular  berth;  others  tried 
him  a  year  or  two,  didn’t  like  the  way 
he  behaved,  and  then  threw  him  out. 
Most  of  those  who  kept  him  did  so  be¬ 
cause  he  furnished  grain  for  feeding 
before  spring  sown  crops  were  ripe. 
They  favored  him  also  because  he  was 
a  fairly  kind  companion  to  new  seed- 
ings  and  gave  up  his  room  to  them 
early.  Furthermore,  he  occupied  land 
forbidden  to  wheat  because  of  allot¬ 
ment  restrictions.  These  good  points 
and  a  few  others  made  him  a  generally 
welcome  addition  to  the  crop  family. 

But  he  was  also  a  finicky  sort  of 
problem  child.  He  demanded  a  good 
thick  coverlet  of  snow  through  the 
winter  and  when  in  1940  he  didn’t  get 
the  blanketing  he  thought  he  needed, 
he  quit.  He  also  had  the  bad  habit  of 
holding  open  house  to  various  kinds  of 
evil  characters — mildew  and  the  naked 
and  covered  smuts.  Worst  of  all  he 
had  no  backbone.  As  soon  as  he  got 
his  height  and  developed  a  head,  he 
fell  over.  Getting  him  into  shock  or 
bin  was  a  headache  often  accompanied 
by  language  fit  only  for  the  ears  of 
the  ungodly. 

1  This  problem  barley  came  from  Po¬ 
land  and  was  generally  called  by  the 
name  of  that  country.  It  had,  how¬ 
ever,  a  close  relative  over  in  western 
Russia  named  Orel.  Orel  barley  gets 
its  name  from  a  town  oft  mentioned  in 
the  war  news,  a  town  smashed  to  bits 
in  the  clash  of  Nazi  and  Russian  tank 
drives  last  fall.  Before  this  happened, 
however,  some  Orel  barley  had  been 
obtained  by  Dr.  H.  H.  Love  who  gave 
it  to  one  of  his  Chinese  graduate  stu¬ 
dents  working  at  Cornell.  This  stu¬ 
dent,  Mr.  Sheo  Wong,  mated  Orel  with 
a  barley  grown  by  farmers  in  far  West 
China,  a  sort  called  by  them  Szechuan. 
Mr.  Wong  returned  to  Nanking  in  1933 
where  he  continued  his  experimental 
breeding  work.  At  that  time  Dr.  Love 
was  also  in  China  engaged  in  organiz¬ 
ing  a  national  bureau  of  agriculture. 
On  his  return  to  Cornell  in  1934  he 
brought  with  him  a  few  heads  of  Mr. 
Wong’s  new  cross-bred  barley.  He 
later  on  made  experimental  plantings 
of  it  along  with  many  other  sorts. 

The  new  barley  showed  good  points 
from  the  start.  Of  the  70  or  more 
sorts  tested  at  Cornell  it  exhibited  a 
straw  quality  such  as  none  of  the  oth¬ 
ers  possessed.  It  stood  like  wheat — 
even  to  full  ripeness.  It  refused  to  en¬ 
tertain  mildew  and,  only  to  a  slight  ex¬ 
tent,  would  it  associate  with  either 
loose  or  covered  smut.  It  was  kind 
to  newly  seeded  clovers  and  grasses, 
giving  them  light  and  air.  Instead  of 
trying  to  smother  them  as  Poland  regu¬ 
larly  did,  it  stood  upright  and  yet  gave 
over  its  tenancy  early  to  the  harvester, 
one  respect  it  was  like  Poland  in 


that  it  too  needed  a  good  snow  blanket 
through  the  cold  of  winter.  If  this 
were  provided  it  filled  the  bin  as  well 
and  sometimes  even  better  than  its 
Polish  cousin.  It  also  had  another  nice 
feature.  It  had  very  short  beards. 
Looked  at  from  a  little  distance  it  ap¬ 
peared  almost  clean  shaven. 

In  the  fall  of  1940,  the  Plant  Breed¬ 
ing  Department  at  Cornell  released 
two  bushels  of  Wong  barley  to  each 
of  two  men  growing  certified  seed. 
Each  grower  sowed  his  two  bushels  on 
two  acres.  One  of  the  men,  Mr.  Earl 
Beckwith  at  Ludlowville,  in  Tompkins 
County,  harvested  60  bushels  of  clean 
grain.  His  yield  would  have  been 
much  higher  had  he  not  experienced  a 
severe  and  long  continued  drouth  in 
the  spring  of  1941.  Mr.  Harwood  Mar¬ 
tin  in  Livingston  County  had  more 
favorable  weather  and  harvested  120 
bushels.  This  was  a  sixty-fold  increase 
of  the  seed  sown.  Some  of  this  har¬ 
vest  got  into  the  hands  of  farmers 
other  than  growers  of  certified  seed. 
Just  how  much  seed  will  be  available 
this  fall  is  therefore  unknown.  Sixty- 
seven  acres  have  passed  field  inspec¬ 
tion  thus  far  and  the  estimated  amount 
likely  to  be  actually  certified  will  prob¬ 
ably  exceed  2500  bushels. 

The  plant  breeders  at  Cornell  feel 
that  variety  Wong  is  well  worth  a  trial 
by  growers  of  winter  barley.  Already 
some  fine  reports  on  its  ability  to  re¬ 
sist  disease  and  its  superb  straw  qual¬ 
ity  have  been  received  from  four  states 
other  than  New  York.  The  men  at 
Cornell  make  no  claim  that  Wong  is 
more  winter  hardy  than  the  best  of  the 
other  varieties  such  as  Poland,  Michi¬ 
gan  Winter,  and  Kentucky  No.  1.  They 
do  believe,  however,  that  it  equals 
these  in  cold  resistance,  and  their  tests 
show  that  when  planted  about  mid- 
September  Wong  barley  is  equal  or 
superior  to  them  in  yield. 

This  fall  and  for  the  first  time  seed 
of  the  new  sort  will  be  on  the  market. 
It  is  hoped  that  a  lot  of  farmers  will 
try  it  on  a  few  acres  at  least.  Last 
fall  a  farmer  near  Auburn  who  evident¬ 
ly  is  of  sporting  blood  took  a  chance 
and  sowed  three  acres.  Later  on  flocks 
of  wild  geese  used  the  field  as  a  pas¬ 
ture  and  apparently  completely  ruined 
it.  Neighbors  and  the  county  agent 
told  him  to  plow  and  sow  the  land  to 
other  crops.  He  was  stubborn  and  let 
it  stand.  Of  course,  it  was  badly  hurt 
and  instead  of  harvesting  50  or  60 
bushels  per  acre  he  will  get  about  half 
that  amount.  Seen  on  June  24th  and 
nearly  ripe,  hardly  a  straw  was  bent 
or  broken.  His  nearby  wheat  field  was 
badly  lodged  and  his  ten  acre  piece  of 
Polish  barley  a  mess.  Asked  for  an 
opinion,  he  said  that  Wong  had  sold 
itself  to  him.  Henceforth  he  would 
sow  no  other  kind.  Other  growers  con¬ 
tacted  were  of  similar  opinion.  The 
Cornell  cereal  breeders  know  that  the 
real  test  lies  ahead. 


This  is  the  farmer 
who  has  to  grow  the 
food— 


This  is  the  Sinclair 
man  who  can  help  the 
farmer.  How?  By 
supplying  Sinclair 
fuels  and  lubricants 
to  keep  farm  ma¬ 
chinery  running. 


This  is  the  sailor 
who  has  to  eat  to 
fight— 


WITH  farm  labor  scarce,  with  new  farm 
machinery  hard  to  get,  with  breakdowns 

to  be  avoided - now,  more  than  ever 

before,  you'll  need  a  complete  line  of 
dependable  Sinclair  products.  Just  phone 
or  write  your  local  Sinclair  agent.  His 
trucks  cover  farm  routes  each  week. 


OIL  IS  AMMUNITION -USE  IT  WISELY 


Buy  War  Savings  Bonds  and  Stamps 


THE  MARIETTA  CONCRETE  CORP 

Marietta,  Ohio  Write  Marietta  Baltimore,  Md. 

Schenectady,  N.Y.  Dept.  Lilesville,  N.C. 


THE  FIRST  3  "VICTORY” 
SILOS  IN  SERVICE 


Attracting  wide  and  favorable  attention  are  Marietta- 
Masonite  "Victory”  Silos  Nos.  1-2-3  —  pictured 
here  —  on  the  Christy  and  McCauley  farms  near 
Marietta.  (Note:  No.  1  is  painted,  adding  to  its 
already  attractive,  imposing  appearance.) 
Demand  for  Marietta’s  exclusive  type,  tempered 
presdwood  Silo  exceeds  all  estimates.  Fear  we 
can’t  supply  it  this  year.  Can  only  try.  New 
literature  on  request. 

Marietta’s  famous  Super-Concrete  Silo  is  over¬ 
sold  for  1942.  But  can  still  accept  your  order 
for  a  Super-Wood  or  All-Wood  "Defense”  type 
—  of  Oregon  Fir.  Write  NOW.  Don’t  delay, 
if  you  need  a  new  Silo  this  fall. _ 


(430)  S 


Ar  ieriean  Agriculturist,  August  1,  1942 


#4/AMERICAN 

^AGRICULTURIST 


HONORED:  At  the  recent  meeting 

of  the  American  So¬ 
ciety  of  Agricultural  Engineers,  D.  P. 
Davies,  Vice-President  and  Consulting 
Engineer  of  J.  I.  CASE  COMPANY,  re¬ 
ceived  the  John  Deere  medal.  This  hon¬ 
or  is  given  for  “distinguished  achieve¬ 
ment  in  the  application  of  science  and 
art  to  the  soil.”  Mr.  Davies  was  born  in 
North  Wales  in  1870,  and  came  to  Am¬ 
erica  when  he  was  three  years  old.  He 
entered  the  employment  of  J.  I.  Case 
Company  October,  1886.  Attendance  at 
night  school  was  a  factor  in  his  advance¬ 
ment.  In  1895  he  was  made  Assistant 
Shop  Superintendent,  and  in  1900  became 
Superintendent  of  the  Marinette  Iron 
Works,  Mariette,  Wisconsin.  After  a 
time  with  Allis-Chalmers  Company,  he 
returned  to  Case  in  1910,  and  was  made 
Vice-President  in  1919. 

HEATING  PLANTS:  Unless  y°u 

have  your 

own  woodlot,  next  winter’s  fuel  supply 
constitutes  a  big  question  mark.  UTICA 
RADIATOR  CORPORATION,  Utica,  New 
York,  suggests  that  now  is  the  time  to 
repair  heating  systems.  To  do  so  will 
conserve  fuel.  Local  dealers  handling 
Utica  Radiator  products  will  inspect  your 
heating  plant  and,  without  charge,  will 
give  you  an  estimate  of  the  cost  of  re¬ 
pairs. 

SILOS:  Dairymen  have  agreed  to 
produce  more  milk  and  are 
doing  it.  All  they  ask  is  that  they  be 
supplied  with  feed,  equipment  and  labor 
at  prices  that  will  enable  them  to  stay  in 
the  black.  A  possible  “bottleneck”  is 
getting  the  attention  of  the  NATIONAL 
ASSOCIATION  OF  SILO  MANUFAC¬ 
TURERS.  The  Association  has  appealed 
to  the  War  Production  Board  for  more 
material  for  silos.  The  Association  asks 
for  the  following: 

1.  That  the  War  Board  restore  silos  to 
the  farm  equipment  food  group  and 
that  building  price  restrictions  limiting 
size  be  removed.  It  is  pointed  out  that 
while  a  big  silo  takes  more  total  steel, 
it  takes  considerably  less  per  ton  of 
silage. 

2.  That  an  increase  be  made  in  the  num¬ 
ber  of  silos  to  be  manufactured,  from 
90%  of  those  built  in  1940  to  135%  of 
1940. 

3.  A  temporary  emergency  A-l-a  rating 
for  minimum  critical  materials  (that 
run  less  than  1,000  tons)  necessary  to 
build  an  adequate  number  of  silos.  The 
Association  points  out  that  a  silo  is 
just  as  much  a  piece  of  farm  equip¬ 
ment  as  a  milking  machine  or  an  ensil¬ 
age  cutter.  Recently  an  A-l-a  tempor¬ 
ary  emergency  rating  was  given  .  on 
certain  farm  equipment,  but  silos  were 
not  included.  That  action  made  it  even 
more  difficult  to  get  steel  for  silos  be¬ 
cause  it  was  being  used  for  other 


equipment,  and  the  Association  of  Silo 
Manufacturers  figures  that  unless 
prompt  action  is  taken,  not  over  %-  as 
many  silos  will  be  constructed  as  were 
put  up  in  1940. 

Silage  makes  up  an  exceedingly  impor¬ 
tant  part  of  the  dairy  ration,  and  Am¬ 
erican  Agriculturist  urges  the  War  Pro¬ 
duction  Board  to  give  capful  considera¬ 
tion  to  the  requests  of  the  National  As¬ 
sociation  of  Silo  Manufacturers. 

GLIDE:  4-H  Club  members  are  mak- 
■mannni  ing  a  real  contribution  to¬ 
ward  the  war  effort.  To  aid  them,  GEN¬ 
ERAL  MILLS,  INC.,  Chamber  of  Com¬ 
merce  Building,  Minneapolis,  Minnesota, 
have  prepared  a  booklet  which  they  call 
“Victory  Guide  for  Officers  of  4-H  Clubs.” 
They  will  be  glad  to  send  a  copy  to  any 
4-H  Club  officer  on  request.  The  pamph¬ 
let  gives  the  duties  of  the  officers,  sug¬ 
gestions  on  committees  and  their  work, 
a  suggested  program  plan  for  meetings, 
much  information  on  parliamentary  pro¬ 
cedure  and  how  to  conduct  meetings — in 
fact,  the  booklet  will  prove  to  be  a  great 
help  to  any  4-H  Club  officer.  Do  not  fail 
to  send  for  it. 

CHART:  g.l.f.  service  agen- 

m mmm—mmmmm  CIES  have  for  Patrons  a 
chart  showing  the  amount  of  grain  each 
cow  should  have,  figured  according  to  the 
amount  of  milk  she  produces.  Also  the 
G.L.F.  points  out  that  one  of  the  biggest 
ways  a  farmer  can  assist  in  solving 
transportation  difficulties  is  to  order  what 
he  needs  well  in  advance. 

SCRAP:  The  international 
'  HARVESTER  company 

of  Chicago,  Illinois,  is  continuing  its 
service  of  collecting  old  iron  and  steel 
through  local  International  dealers.  The 
company  reports  that  farmers  have  al¬ 
ready  rounded  up  more  than  a  million 
tons  of  scrap  iron  and  steel.  Keep  up 
the  good  work ! 

BUYER:  The  grand  union  com- 

PANY,  operating  about  500 
stores  in  New  York,  New  Jersey,  and 
northern  Pennsylvania,  is  a  large  buyer 
of  G.L.F.  farm  products  and  canned 
goods.  For  example,  they  have  been  fre¬ 
quent  buyers  of  strawberries  at  the  Mil- 
ton  (New  York)  Strawberry  Auction.  A 
sample  of  the  lot  offered  for  sale  is  put 
on  the  table  in  full  view  of  the  buyers, 
and  each  lot  is  sold  to  the  highest  bidder. 
The  G.L.F.  also  has  canneries  at  Water¬ 
loo,  N*  Y.,  and  Bloomsburg,  Penna. 

BARNS:  We  have  just  received  a 
m copy  of  the  75th  Annivers¬ 
ary  Catalog  of  the  LOUDEN  MACHIN¬ 
ERY  COMPANY,  Fairfield,  Iowa.  The 
catalog  contains  162  pages,  is  exception¬ 
ally  well  illustrated,  and  contains  much 
information  of  interest  to  a  man  who  is 
building  or  remodeling,  a  barn. 


]£.  W.  Dunklee,  at  the  left,  well-known  New  England  dairyman  and  State  Senator 
for  Vermont,  adds  an  armful  of  worn  rubber  milking  machine  inflations  to  the  pile 
in  the  trunk  of  Surge  adviser  A.  R.  Young.  Dairymen  are  requested  by  BABSON 
BROTHERS  COMPANY  of  Chicago,  Illinois,  and  Syracuse,  New  York,  to  save  every 
worn  inflation  and  all  other  scrap  rubber  and  to  turn  them  in. 


This  home-made  drier  is  made  from  an  old  packing  case.  Inside  dimensions  are: 
14"  wide,  20"  deep,  and  19"  high  (not  including  the  legs).  The  trays  are  13 wide 
and  18"  long.  They  are  made  of  wooden  strips  1"  wide  and  at  least  %"  deep.  The 
bottoms  are  covered  with  ys"  mesh  metal  cloth,  so  the  tray  frames  slide  on  wooden 
strips  %"  square  nailed  to  the  inside  of  the  drier. 

Beginning  at  the  top,  trays  one'and  three  are  blocked  to  stop  2"  from  the  back  and 
to  come  flush  with  the  door  when  closed.  Trays  two  and  four  run  clear  to  the  back, 
leaving  an  opening  in  the  front  to  allow  the  heated  air  to  circulate  over  all  of  the  trays. 

The  three  vents  at  the  front  and  sides  are  2"  by  10",  and  1"  from  the  top  of  the 
drier.  The  bottom  of  the  drier  is  screened,  but  a  sheet  metal  plate  8"  by  14",  center¬ 
ed  on  the  inside  of  the  bottom  screen,  helps  to  deflect  heat  and  give  better  circula¬ 
tion.  A  dial  thermometer  is  centered  at  one  side  of  the  drier. 

In  the  picture,  legs  are  made  of  scrap  iron.  A  good  substitute  is  four  No.  2  tin  cans. 
The  drier  is  designed  to  stand  on  top  of  the  kitchen  stove. 


Home  Drying  of 

Fruits  and  Vegetables 

/  / ' 


IN  RESPONSE  to  requests  for  ad¬ 
vice  on  drying  fruits  and  vegetables 
at  home,  an  inexpensive,  easily  port¬ 
able  home  drier  was  developed  by 
the  colleges  of  Agriculture  and  Home 
Economics  at  Cornell.  It  was  made  of 
two  packing  boxes,  some  hardware 
cloth,  a  pair  of  hinges,  a  door  fastener, 
a  thermometer  and  four  metal  strips 
or  cans  for  legs, — the  entire  cost  being 
less  than  two  dollars.  Drying  is  an 
easy  way  of  conserving  small  amounts 
of  vegetables  when  jars  are  needed  for 
other  purposes,  and  when  the  weather 
is  still  too  hot  for  storing.  This  pro¬ 
cess  gives  corn  and  a  few  other  fruits 
and  vegetables  a  characteristic  odor 
and  flavor  which  many  people  prefer 
to  the  same  foods  canned. 

The  food  situation  may  be  more  seri¬ 
ous  next  year  than  this.  If  farm  fami¬ 
lies  will  get  together  some  equipment 
for  drying  this  year,  learn  how  to  use 
it,  and  dry  a  little  of  enough  kinds  of 
fruits  and  vegetables  to  know  what 
they  can  do  successfully,  they  will  be 
ready  to  help  with  Food  for  Victory  in 
the  next  years  by  drying  food  from 
their  1943  Victory  Garden. 

In  general  for  drying  foods  these 
rules  may  be  followed: 

1.  Prepare  the  food  as  for  the  table, 
that  is,  sort,  wash,  trim,  pare,  etc. 
Use  only  fruits  and  vegetables  of 
very  good  quality.  Slice  or  cut  into' 
pieces  not  too  thick. 

2.  Blanch  vegetables  until  heated 
through.  Sulphur  fruit  such  as  ap¬ 
ples,  pears  and  peaches  which  other¬ 
wise  would  darken  from  enzyme  ac¬ 
tion. 

3.  Dry  between  the  temperatures  of 
120°  and  150°  F.  having  the  begin¬ 
ning  and  the  end  of  the  period  at 
the  lower  temperature.  Stir  oc- 
-  casionally  and  shift  shelves  in  drier 
now  and  then.  Dry  fruits  until  rub¬ 
bery  and  vegetables  until  brittle. 

4.  Store  in  a  tightly  closed  box  or  can 
until  the  remaining  moisture  is 
evenly  distributed.  Keep  in  a  cool 
place. 

Most  fruits  and  vegetables  can  be 


dried  successfully.  Dr.  Tressler  of  the 
New  York  State  Agricultural  Experi¬ 
ment  Station  at  Geneva  says  he  pre¬ 
fers  pumpkin,  squash  and  beets  dried. 
Many  others  hold  that  dried  corn  is  su¬ 
perior.  The  following  fruits  and  vege¬ 
tables  are'  most  commonly  dried  at 
home : 

Corn,  peas,  green  beans,  carrots, 
beets,  greens,  onions,  pumpkin,  squash, 
shelled  beans,  apples,  peaches,  pears, 
plums,  cherries,  berries.- 

Many  farm  homemakers  dry  small 
surpluses  in  the  middle  of  the  summer 
when  the  early  crop  of  carrots,  beets, 
peas  ahd  spinach  mature.  When  sweet 
corn  is  left  over  from  a  meal,  it  is 
often  cut  from  the  cob  and  dried. 
Small  amounts  of  a  variety  of  foods 
may  be  dried  on  the  shelves  of  a  drier 
at  the  same  time.  These  can  be  stored 
in  coffee  cans,  syrup  buckets,  mayon¬ 
naise  jars  or  any  other  odd  container 
which  can  be  tightly  closed,  but  not 
necessarily  sealed. 

If  vegetables  are  blanched  before 
drying  they  retain  their  vitamin  and 
mineral  value  very  well.  The  same 
thing  holds  true  in  the  case  of  fruits 
which  are  treated  with  sulphur  fumes. 
Apples,  pears,  peaches  and  those  fruits 
which  ordinarily  turn  dhrk,  may  be 
treated  with  lye  water,  salt  water  or 
even  better  with  sulphur  fumes  before 
they  are  dried  to  destroy  the  enzymes 
and  preserve  the  color.  This  sulphur¬ 
ing  -is  a  simple  process.  A  few.  heap¬ 
ing  tablespoons  of  powdered  sulphur 
are  put  in  a  paper  on  a  can  lid.  The 
fruit  is  put  in  a  clean  open  basket  or 
colander  above  or  beside  the  sulphui*. 
The  paper  is  lighted  and  a  box  or  keg 
put  over  all,  with  a  little  space  at  the 
bottom  for  air  to  enter.  Apples  cut 
in  eighths  require  exposure  to  the 
fumes  about  half  an  hour. 

Dried  vegetables,  except  dry  shelled 
beans,  require  little  soaking  and  only 
a  short  cooking  period.  Spinach  need 
not  be  soaked  at  all.  Dried  fruit  re¬ 
quires  soaking  according  to  the  size  of 
the  pieces,  the  degree  of  dryness,  and 
the  firmness  of  the  fruit.  Color,  flavor 
and  texture  will  be  found  very  attrac¬ 
tive  after' cooking. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  August  1,  1942 


9  (431) 


I'EAVINK  silage 

How  much  is  peavine  silage  worth  for 
feeding  to  dairy  cows?  How  much  dan¬ 
ger  is  there  of  the  odor  of  peavine  silage 

contaminating  the  milk? 

A  ton  of  peavine  silage  is  worth 
about  x/z  as  much  as  a  ton  of  good  al¬ 
falfa  hay.  Peavine  silage  is  higher  in 
protein  than  corn  silage,  and  for  that 
reason  has  a  little  higher  feeding  value. 
If  fed  in  moderate  amounts  after  milk¬ 
ing  and  if  milk  is  removed  immediately 
from  the  barn,  there  is  little  danger 
from  the  odor. 

— a  a. — 

SEEDING  ALFALFA 

Is  the  latter  part  of  July  or  early  Aug¬ 
ust  too  late  to  seed  alfalfa? 

Some  good  results  have  been  secur¬ 
ed  in  seeding  alfalfa  after  peas  or  win¬ 
ter  wheat  are  harvested.  If  you  live 
in  areas  where  the  growing  season  is 
long,  sometimes  it  is  possible  to  sow 
alfalfa  after  oats,  but  ordinarily  this 
is  a  little  late.  Sometimes  you  can 
save  a  lot  of  work  and  time  by  prepar¬ 
ing  a  seed  bed  for  alfalfa  with  a  disc 
rather  than  plowing  the  field. 

—a.  a. — 

COMBINES 

I  hear  that  in  the  Midwest  grain  is 
sometimes  cut  and  then  combined  from 
the  windrow.  Is  there  any  advantage  to 
this  procedure  in  the  Northeast. 

The  chief  reason  we  can  see  for  com¬ 
bining  from  a  windrow  is  to  give  the 
grain  a  little  time  to  dry  out  and  pos¬ 
sibly  avoid  difficulties  in  storing  wet 
grain.  This  practice  would  be  especi¬ 
ally  good  where  grain  is  very  weedy 
and  where  combining  the  field  results 
in  a  lot  of  green  material  in  the  grain. 

One  suggested  way  to  do  this  is  to 
cut  with  a  mowing  machine  with  a 
windrow  attachment.  A  windrow  one 
swath  wide  is  considered  big  enough, 
and  there  will  be  less  danger  of  hav¬ 
ing  stones  in  the  windrow  than  if  it 
were  raked  with  a  side-delivery  rake. 

— a.  a. — 

POTATO  SEED 

Our  potatoes  this  year  have  some  little 
balls  that  look  something  like  potatoes 
growing  on  the  tops.  If  I  plant  these, 
will  they  produce  potatoes? 

Each  of  these  little  potato  balls  will 
contain  a  number  of  seeds.  If  these 
are  separated  from  the  pulp  and  dried, 
they  cAn  be  planted.  However,  it  is 
not  recommended.  Potatoes  have  been 
grown  so  long  from  tuber  cuttings 
that  seed  does  not  breed  true,  and  you 
will  certainly  get  a  great  variation  in 
the  potatoes  you  grow,  and  all  of  them 
are  likely  to  be  poor.  One  of  the 
methods  used  by  plant  breeders  to  im¬ 
prove  potatoes  is  to  produce  new  varie¬ 
ties  by  cross-pollination  and  planting 
the  seed.  However,  that  is  a  job  for 
an  experiment  station  and  not  for 
farmers  unless  you  just  want  to  have 
a  little  fun. 

— a.  a. — 

CROSS  POLLINATION 

i  • 

1  am  growing  a  piece  of  Golden  Ban¬ 
tam  sweet  corn  quite  near  to  a  piece  of 
white  sweet  corn  for  the  canning  factory. 
What  can  I  do  to  prevent  their  mixing? 
The  Golden  Bantam  was  planted  two 
weeks  before  the  other  corn.  Two  weeks 
a8h  I  planted  two  rows  of  fodder  corn 
between. 

There  is  nothing  very  practical  you 
can  do  to  prevent  pollination  between 
these  two  varieties  if  the  pollen  ma¬ 
tures  at  the  same  time.  There  is  no 
particular  reason  why  you  should  at¬ 
tempt  it  if  this  corn  is  to  be  sold  to  a 
canning  factory  or  on  the  market.  If 


you  were  saving  seed  from  this  piece 
and  there  was  cross  pollination  be¬ 
tween  varieties,  you  would  find  some 
mixing  in  next  year’s  crop. 

Where  sweet  corn  is  pollinated  by 
field  corn,  you  will  find  the  sugar  con¬ 
tent  very  much  lower.  If  only  a  few 
kernels  were  so  pollinated,  you  prob¬ 
ably  wouldn’t  notice  the  difference; 
but  if  all  the  kernels  on  an  ear  were 
pollinated  from  field  corn,  it  wouldn’t 
take  long  for  it  to  be  apparent. 

—a.  a. — 

CLEAN  MILKERS 

Can  you  give  me  directions  for  making 
a  .5%  lye  solution  for  sterilizing  milking 
machines? 

Get  a  one-gallon  earthenware  jug 
and  a  one-gallon  glass  bottle,  both  with 
rubber  stoppers.  Do  not  use  cork. 
You  also  need  a  measuring  cup — glass 
or  china,  not  metal.  Fill  the  earthen¬ 
ware  jug  %  full  of  clear,  cold  water; 
put  in  a  13-ounce  can  of  household 


lye;  and  let  it  dissolve.  Fill  the  jug 
with  clear,  cold  water;  and  shake  it. 
This  is  your  stock  solution. 

Put  %  of  a  cup  of  the  stock  solution 
in  the  glass  bottle;  fill  it  up  with  clear, 
cold  water;  and  shake  it.  This  is  your 
.5%  lye  solution,  which  can  be  used 
in  sterilizing  the  teat  cups,  milk  hose, 
and  claw  of  your  milking  machine. 

— a.  a. — 

RYE  GRASS 

Is  domestic  rye  grass  a  good  crop  to 
use  as  a  cover  crop  in  grapes? 

The  Geneva  Experiment  Station 
gives  a  good  report.  It  has  given  bet¬ 
ter  results  than  other  legume  crops 
such  as  oats,  wheat,  barley,  millet, 
buckwheat,  or  rye.  It  makes  a  good 
fall  growth,  and  therefore,  in  addition 
to  adding  humus  to  the  soil,  is  helpful 
in  preventing  soil  erosion.  It  starts 
growth  again  in  the  spring,  but  does 
not  grow  as  rapidly  in  the  spring  as 
rye. 

—a.  a. — 

POISON  IVY 

Can  you  tell  me  an  effective  way  of 
killing  poison  ivy? 

Various  products  have  been  recom¬ 
mended,  but  apparently  the  most  prom¬ 


ising  is  a  recent  one  known  as  am¬ 
monium  sulfamate.  Tests  have  been 
giving  good  results,  and  it  is  stated 
that  this  product  does  not  prevent  the 
growth  of  other  plants  for  long.  Now 
is  a  good  time  to  spray  poison  ivy.  In 
some  cases,  one  spray  will  do  the 
trick;  and  in  other  cases,  a  second  will 
be  needed  to  do  a  thorough  job. 

— a.  a. — 

WEANING  UOLT 

Is  it  necessary  to  milk  out  a  mare  after 
a  colt  is  weaned?  v 

This  is  usually  advisable.  Milk  her 
out  after  about  12  hours,  in  24  hours, 
and  again  in  48  hours,  and  about  twice 
during  the  following  week. 

—  a.  a. — 

TIRE  PRESSURE 

Is  more  pressure  needed  in  tractor  tires 
when  wheel  weights  are  added? 

It  is  usually  recommended  that  1  lb. 
of  pressure  be  added  to  the  tires  for 
each  100  lbs.  of  weight  added  to  the 
tractor.  It  is  probably  unnecessary  to 
say  that  it  is  especially  important  to 
check  tire  pressure  carefully  these 
days.  It  may  be  a  long  time  before 
you  can  get  new  tires. 


IOC  D  I  DDITCC  FOR  BEST  LETTERS  OF 

iJLD  DIV7  rKILCD  100  words  or  less  on 

"WHY  FARMERS  SHOULD  BUY  WAR  BONDS" 

FIRST  PRIZE 

— $  1 ,000  War  Bond,  plus  a  tour 
for  the  winner  and  one  other 
member  of  the  family,  all  ex¬ 
penses  paid.  See  the  big  Allis 
Chalmers  factory  where  weap¬ 
ons  of  victory  are  made.  Visit 
Great  Lakes  Naval  Training 
Station  and,  war  conditions 
permitting,  cruise  as  guest  of 
honoraboard  aU.  S.  Navy  boat! 


2nd  PRIZE  —  $1,000  War  Bond. 

3rd  PRIZE — $500  in  War  Stamps. 
122  other  prizes  from  $400  to 
$10  in  bonds  and  stamps. 


Yes,  Hitler,  the  Axis  hogs  came  run* 
ning  when  you  filled  the  trough  with  loot 
from  the  farms  of  conquered  lands.  Grain  and  pota¬ 
toes  and  milk  were  taken  from  the  mouths  of  starving 
children.  That  was  too  much  for  American  farmers.  They 
have  decided  to  teach  you  a  lesson  in  hog-raising. 

Out  of  the  hearts  of  freedom-loving  farmers  grows  an 
idea  that  will  crush  you,  Schicklgruber.  A  thousand  hog 
raisers  in  Florida  originated  the  idea.  Each  picks  out  a 
''Victory  Pig,”  fattens  him  and  buys  WAR  BONDS  with 
the  proceeds.  Allis-Chalmers  suggests  that  farmers  all  over 
the  country  adopt  the  plan  .  .  .  mark  a  pig,  calf,  or  even 
a  patch  of  watermelons  with  a  "V”  and  set  it  aside  to  buy 
WAR  BONDS. 

In  letters  entered  in  the  Allis-Chalmers  WIN-THE- 
WAR  BOND  CONTEST,  an  Indiana  farmer  and  his  wife 
tell  how  they  are  reserving  one  milk  check  a  month  for 
WAR  BONDS.  An  Iowa  woman  is  saving  her  egg  money 
for  bonds.  American  farmers  are  resolving  to  grow  a 
Victory  Pig  so  big  he  will  trample  the  Axis  into  oblivion. 
You  wouldn’t  understand,  Schicklgruber,  but  these  are  the 
sons  of  men  who  rang  the  Liberty  Bell  so  hard  it  cracked! 


HOW  TO  ENTER  CONTEST 

Anyone  living  on  or  operating  a  farm  is  eligible  except  Allis-Chal¬ 
mers  employees  and  dealers  and  their  families.  Serial  No.  of  a  War 
Bond  registered  in  your  name  should  be  listed.  Obtain  entry  blank 
from  your  Allis-Chalmers  dealer,  or  write  factory  address  below. 
Entry  blank  not  required  to  win.  Contest  closes  September  15. 
Submit  entries  to  Allis-Chalmers,  Dept.  34,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 


CHALMERS 


TRACTOR  DIVISION  i  MILWAUKEE  •  U.  S.  A 


IN  CO-OPERATION  WITH  THE 
UNITED  STATES  TREASURY  DEPARTMENT 


(432)  -SO 


Ai  ierican  Agriculturist,  August  1,  1942 


THE  FARM  NEWS 

4 


POULTRY  TERMINAL 

Monday,  August  3,  is  the  date  for 
the  opening  of  the  new  Live  Poultry 
Terminal  in  Long  Island  City,  New 
York.  New  city  regulations  governing 
the  operation  of  the  market  have  been 
signed  by  Mayor  LaGuardia.  It  is 
hoped  that  new  Terminal,  plus  new 
regulations,  will  clean  up  some  of  the 
bad  practices  that  have  been  subject 
of  much  dissatisfaction. 

One  well-known  poultry  authority 
believes  that  in  future  New  York  State 
will  send  less  live  poultry  to  New  York 
City  and  that  the  next  step  will  be 
country  killing  and  packing  plants. 

— a.  A.— 

SCHOLARSHIPS 

Under  direction  of  Arthur  Pratt  of 
the  New  York  State  College  and  Louise 
Mullen,  President  of  the  National 
Junior  Vegetable  Growers’  Association, 
43  New  York  State  farm  youngsters 
are  competing  for  cash  scholarships 
this  summer.  Scholarships,  provided 
by  the  Great  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Tea 
Company,  include  a  $500  grand  na¬ 
tional  prize,  a  $250  regional  award, 
and  eleven  individual  prizes  of  $100 
each. 

COWS 


the  Holstein-Friesian  Association  of 
America;  test  all  cows  for  Advanced 
Registry  or  Herd  Improvement  Reg¬ 
istry  and  achieve  a  high  production 
average;  develop  a  herd  with  a  high 
rating  for  perfection  of  type  as  judged 
by  an  official  inspector;  free  the  herd 
of  tuberculosis  and  Bang’s  disease;  and 
be  a  member  of  both  State  and  Nation¬ 
al  Holstein-Friesian  Associations. 

— a.  a. — 

WHITE  ASH 

Buyers  are  combing  New  York  state 
for  white  ash  logs.  Prices  range  from 
$40  to  $55  per  thousand  board  feet  at 
the  mill  for  No.  1  logs.  Buyers  prefer 
logs  from  trees  14"  to  20"  in  diameter, 
free  from  crooks  and  knots. 

— a.  a. — 

CREDIT 

President  Roosevelt  has  signed  legis¬ 
lation  extending  to  July  1,  1943,  au¬ 
thority  of  Land  Bank  Commissioner  to 
make  real  estate  mortgage  loans  to 
farmers.  These  loans  were  first  made 
available  in  1933.  Federal  Land  Bank 
can  make  loans  only  on  first  mortgages. 
Commissioner  loans  are  available  eith¬ 
er  on  first  or  second  mortgages.  In¬ 
terest  is  5%,  and  the  usual  period  is 
twenty  years. 

—  A.  A. — 


Fourth  New  York  State  breeder  to 
receive  a  Progressive  Breeders’  Cer¬ 
tificate  from  the  Holstein-Friesian  As¬ 
sociation  of  America  is  Beniah  Mor¬ 
rison  of  Rensselaer  Falls.  Average 
production  of  his  20-cow  herd  last  year 
was  576.1  lbs.  of  fat. 

To  qualify  for  this  distinguished 
award,  a  Holstein  breeder  must  be  a 
breeder  of  not  less  than  75%  of  the 
herd;  have  all  animals  over  one  year 
of  age  registered  in  the  Herd  Book  of 


STUDY  NURSING 

AT  THE 

MEYER 

MEMORIAL 

HOSPITAL 

(Formerly  Buffalo  City  Hospital) 

For  the  reception  and  treatment 
of  all  diseases.  Bed  capacity  1169. 

Pupils  may  select  either  the 

UNIVERSITY  OF  BUFFALO 

OR 

CANISIUS  COLLEGE 

for  their  Academic  Subjects 

♦  Three  year  course,  conducted  on 
a  collegiate  basis,  leading  to  New 
York  State  R.  N.  Certificate,  includ¬ 
ing  a  two-year  credit  toward  the 
degree  B.  S.  in  Nursing,  or  other 
Baccalaureate  Degrees. 

Full  maintenance  for  three  years. 
Straight  8  hour  duty.  One  day  off 
each  week.  Entrance  requirements 
high  school  diploma  or  its  equiva¬ 
lent.  Fees  moderate,  payable  on  in¬ 
stallment  plan. 

September  class  forming. 

Write  or  visit 

DIRECTOR,  SCHOOL  of  NURSING 

EDWARD  J.  MEYER 
MEMORIAL  HOSPITAL 

462  Grider  Street 
BUFFALO,  NEW  YORK 


DANDELIONS 

Now  growing  at  the  Geneva  Experi¬ 
ment  Station  and  at  Cornell  are  dande¬ 
lions  from  Russian  seeds  brought  by 
air.  Believed  to  be  chief  source  of 
rubber  in  Russia,  this  plant  has  been 
jealously  guarded,  but  is  now  made 
available  to  America.  In  return,  Am¬ 
erica  sent  considerable  supplies  of 
seed  of  disease-resistent  vegetables  and 
crops.  The  rubber  comes  from  the 
roots,  and  there  is  a  possibility  that  a 
considerable  acreage  may  be  grown  in 
this  country  in  1943. 

— a.  a. — 

PLANT  FOOD 

Recent  conference  at  Washington  on 
fertilizer  supplies  lea'ds  to  belief  that 
tonnage  available  for  New  York  farm¬ 
ers  will  not  be  greatly  reduced  for  next 
spring.  Already  use  of  nitrogen  on 
winter  wheat  is  banned,  and  it  prob¬ 
ably  will  be  for  next  year’s  spring 
grain.  Conclusion  is  that  with  care¬ 
ful  management,  lack  of  fertilizer  will 
not  cut  crop  production  next  year. 

— a.  a. — 

REER  TRUCKS 

Dairymen  who  have  been  wondering 
why  tires  are  available  for  beer  trucks 
but  not  for  milk  trucks  will  welcome 
news  of  new  ruling.  To  be  eligible  for 
tires,  trucks  must  be  deemed  essential 
to  the  war  effort,  health  or  public 
safety.  That  should  handle  the  beer 
truck  situation. 

— a.  a. — 

PULLORUM 

New  York  State  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture  and  Markets  has  worked  out 
details  of  official  testing  of  poultry 
breeding  flocks  for  pullorum.  A  $5,000 
appropriation  by  the  1942  State  Legis¬ 
lature  made  this  possible.  Under  new 
plan,  state  will  pay  2c  a  blood  sample 
when  whole  blood  or  plate  test  is  used; 
4c  a  sample  when  more  complicated 
tube  agglutination  test  is  used.  Poul- 
tryman  will  pay  lc  a  sample  to  the 
veterinarian  and  buy  necessary  leg 
bands. 

Plan  will  be  offered  first  to  poultry-  * 
men  who  have  officially  tested  flocks 
at  their  own  expense.  Then  it  will  be 
offered  to  members  of  poultry  im¬ 
provement  cooperatives  who  are  par- 
I  ticipating  in  the  national  poultry  im- 


From  left  to  right  are  Dr.  P.  J.  Parrott,  retiring  as  Director  of  the  Geneva  (New 
York)  Experiment  Station;  Dr.  C.  E.  Ladd,  Dean  of  the  New  York  State  College  of 
Agriculture;  and  A.  ,J.  Heinicke,  former  head  of  the  Pomology  Department  at  the 
State  College  who  was  recently  appointed  as  Director  of  the  Geneva  Exp.  Station. 


provement  plan;  then  to  hatcheries 
and  breeders  who  hatch  eggs  or  sell 
eggs  to  hatcherymen.  A  few  turkey 
breeding  flocks  will  also  be  tested. 
Application  forms  are  available  from 
the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  State 
Department  of  Agriculture  and  Mar¬ 
kets,  Albany,  New  York. 

— a.  a. — 

PRODUCER 

Thomas  Nagle  of  Webster,  New 
Y'ork,  recently  purchased  Montvic 
Hiemke  Rag  Apple  Hartog  at  a  dis¬ 
persal  sale  at  Mount  Victoria  Farms, 
Quebec,  Canada.  Her  dam  is  world’s 
champion  junior  four-year-old  butter- 


fat  producer.  Mr.  Nagle  is  establish¬ 
ing  a  herd  of  Holsteins  on  his  200-acre 
farm  near  Webster,  New  York. 

— a.  a. — 

PRINCE 

Recent  addition  to  the  bull  herd  of 
the  New  York  Artificial  Breeders’  Co¬ 
operative  is  Prince,  a  Holstein  sire 
from  the  herd  of  John  Rea  and  Son  of 
Washington  County.  Daughters  of 
Prince  averaged  to  produce  13,626  lbs. 
of  milk  and  487  lbs.  of  fat  in  305  days 
on  twice-a-day  milking.  Perhaps  more 
important  is  the  fact  that  his  daugh¬ 
ters  produced  615  lbs.  more  milk  and 
42  lbs.  more  butterfat  than  their  dams. 


A.A.-Grange  Bread  Contest  News 


Many  chairmen  report  that  the  prize 
winning  loaves  in  their  contest  were 
auctioned  off  at  good  prices.  Winning 
loaf  in  contest  held  by  Plymouth 
Grange,  Chenango  County,  was  bid  in 
at  50  cents.  Farmington  Grange,  On¬ 
tario  County,  raised  $2.33  at  thejr 
bread  auction,  the  proceeds  going  to 
the  Scholarship  Fund. 


fore  in  30  years,  and  that  Mr.  Bullis 
declared  that  her  efforts  for  the  con¬ 
test  produced  the  best  bread  they  had 
had  for  a  long,  long  while! 

We  wish  we  had  space  to  print  more 
of  the  interesting  reports  received 
from  chairmen,  but  there  is  just  room 
this  time  for  this  long  list  of  recent 
winners : 


A  good  idea  for  prizes  comes  from 
Bloomingburg  Grange,  Sullivan  Coun¬ 
ty.  Mrs.  Nettie  Godfrey,  chairman, 
reports  that  war  saving  stamps  were 
given  by  the  Service  and  Hospitality 
Committee  as  first,  second  and  third 
prizes. 

At  least  one  Grange  Brother  is  hap¬ 
py  about  this  year’s  bread  contest. 
Chairman  Mrs.  Everette  Smith  of 
Perch  River  Grange,  Jefferson  County, 
reports  that  Mrs.  Elmer  Bullis  of  Lim¬ 
erick  (who  tied  for  first  place  with 
Mrs.  Smith)  had  not  baked  bread  be- 


Miss  Mildred  Hartman,  winner  of  bread 
contest  held  by  Scotia  Grange,  Schenec¬ 
tady  County.  This  is  the  second  year  in 
succession  that  Miss  Hartman  has  won 
the  baking  competition  in  Scotia  Grange. 


Livingston 

Madison 

Montgomery 

Niagara 

Oneida 

Onondaga 

Ontario 

Orange 

Otsego 


Rensselaer 

Saratoga 


Schenectady 

Schoharie 

Schuyler 

Steuben 


St.  Lawrence 


Suffolk 

Sullivan 

Tioga 


Ulster 


Warren 


Washington 

Wayne 

Westchester 

Yates 


Caledonia 

Keshequa 

Brookfield 

Chittenango 

Florida 

Mapletown 

Hartland 

Ransomville 

Steuben 

Wright 

Settlement 

Borodino 

Elbridge 

Lysander 

Skaneateles 

Canandaigua 

Farmington 

Seneca 

Mountainville 

Hinman  Hollow 

Louisville 

Oneonta 

West  Laurens 

Worcester 

East  Greenbush 

Bacon  Hill 

Charlton 

Greenfield 

Mohawk  Valley 

Wilton 

Glen  ridge 

Niskayuna 

Scotia 

Ramona 

Seward  Valley 

Burdett 

Reading 

Neils  Creek 

North  Urbana 

Oak  Hill 

Pleasant  Valley 

Savona 

DePeyster 

Hammond 

Norfolk 

Sound  Avenue 

Bloomingburg 

Acme 

Berkshire 

Tioga 

Clintondale 

Highland 

Hurley 

Hague 

Mountainside 

Stony  Creek 

Kingsbury 

Clyde 

Wolcott 

Yorktown 

Benton 

Crystal  Valley 
Penn  Yan 
Rushville 


Mrs.  Peter  McEwen 
Mrs.  Lynn  Barber 
Wilma  Card 
Mrs.  Robert  Bender 
Mrs.  John  MacClumpha 
Mrs.  Jay  Van  Schaick 
Mrs.  Herbert  London 
Mrs.  Edw.  Leaderhouse 
Mrs.  Erma  Countryman 

Mrs.  Nettie  Smith 
Mrs.  Frank  Hiley 
Mrs.  Bessie  Edson 
Mrs.  Edward  Van  Wie 
Mrs.  Ruth  Baumgartner 
Mrs.  Ray  Brocklebank 
Mildred  Allen 
Mrs.  Deane  Lightfoote 
Mrs.  Alfred  Petersen, Sr. 
Mrs.  Anna  Clark 
Winnie  Eaton 
Mrs.  J.  W.  Whiteman 
Mrs.  Lottie  Carter 
Mrs.  James  Milanec 
Mrs.  Edwin  Newkirk 
Mrs.  William  Sherman 
Eva  S.  Ketchum 
Mrs.  Edson  Hodges 
Mrs.  R.  D.  Putnam 
Mrs.  Bessie  Stiles 
Mrs.  Thos.  Trevithick 
Mrs.  Edward  Ouay 
Mildred  Hartman 
Mrs.  Ward  Jones 
Mrs.  Lee  Winegard 
Mrs.  Devon  Allen 
Mrs.  Cornelia  Bowers 
Mrs.  Leo  Saxton 
Mrs.  Mona  Evans 
Evelyn  Wilkins 
Mrs.  Grctchen  Bronson 
Mrs.  Thomas  Faucett 
Betty  Fishbeck 
Mrs.  Alice  Daniels 
Mrs.  Bernice  McQuade 
Mrs.  Vernon  Wells 
Mrs.  Anna  Hultslander 
Mrs.  Velma  Ackley 
Magdalene  Courier 
Myra  M.  Duff 
Irene  Sickler 
Mrs.  Lucy  Craig 
Mrs.  Chester  Decker 
Mrs.  Ethel  DeLarm 
Mrs.  Fred  Vaughn 
Mrs.  Frank  Hastings 
Mrs.  Harriet  Van  SchaicK 
Mrs.  Fred  Noble 
Mrs.  Rose  Pitts 
Mrs.  Halsey  Palmer 
Mrs.  Fred  Ellinn 
Mrs.  Mabel  Hathaway 
Mrs.  Arthur  Henderson 
Mrs.  B.  M.  Voorhee* 


American  Agriculturist,  August  1,  1942 

SAVING  AT  THE  SPIGOT— 
LOSING  AT  THE  IEI  NGIIOLE 


THE  JUNE  uniform  milk  price  for 
the  metropolitan  area  was  $2.34, 
3c  less  than  the  Administrator’s  esti¬ 
mate.  In  past  months  he  has  been  con¬ 
servative  and  his  estimates  have  been 
a  few  cents  under  the  actual  price.  If 
you  could  forget  mounting  production 
costs  and  the  difficulty  of  getting  labox 
at  ariy  price,  you  could  say  that  $2.34 
]  is  not  bad.  It  could  and  should  have 
beep  much  better,  and  we  will  tell  you 
why. 

The  last  amendments  to  the  Order 
removed  certain  diversion  payments 
whereby  the  cost  of  trucking  milk,  not 
needed  for  fluid  consumption,  to  man¬ 
ufacturing  plants  was  paid  for  out  of 
the  pool.  Statements  have  been  made 
about  the  considerable  amount  of 
money  this  has  saved  farmers;  but  if 
you.  look  deep  enough,  it  is  like  losing 
a  dollar  in  order  to  save  a  nickel.  A 
lot  of  milk  that  with  diversion  pay¬ 
ments  allowed,  could  have  been  going 
into  cream  at  a  higher  price  has  been 
made  into  cheese.  Milk  made  into 
cheese,  of  coui’se,  returns  a  lower  price 
to  the  prodxxcer  than  if  it  were  consum¬ 
ed  as  cream,  but  milk  trucked  to  a 
cheese  factory  gets  diversion  payments; 
milk  trucked  to  be  separated  into 
cream  does  not.  This  is  not  guesswork. 
Roy  Gillett  of  the  New  York  State  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture  and  Markets 
estimates  that  there  will  be  5,000,000 
lbs.  more  cheese  made  in'  New  York 
State  this  year  than  last. 

Meanwhile,  buyers  are  finding  it  diffi¬ 
cult  to  get  cream,  and  are  talking 
about  buying  it  from  the  Midwest.  The 
one  bright  spot  in  the  situation  is  that 
the  Dairymen’s  League  opened  its 
cream  plants  to  a  lot  of  milk  that 
otherwise  would  have  gone  into  cheese 


or  been  sold  at  cut  prices.  They  did  it 
on  liberal  terms  which  increased  the 
price  not  only  to  their  members,  but 
to  many  others.  It  was  a  real  service  to 
the  industry. 

When  the  hearings  on  the  amend¬ 
ments  were  held  last  spring,  there  was 
a  general  understanding  that  another 
hearing  would  be  held  in  the  summer 
to  consider  other  problems.  In  the 
meantime,  the  Producers’  Bargaining 
Agency  petitioned  Secretary  Wickard 
and  Commissioner  Noyes  for  hearings 
to  consider  putting  back  the  diversion 
payments  into  the  Order.  Now  it  is 
announced  that  these  hearings  have 
been  called  off,  possibly  until  Septem¬ 
ber,  or  more  likely  for  the  duration  of 
the  war.  Unless  such  hearings  are  held, 
the  situation  on  the  diversion  pay¬ 
ments,  which  has  caused  so  much 
trouble  in  milk  markets,  cannot  be  cor¬ 
rected. 

There  is  an  angle  to  the  situation 
that  affects  the  whole  country  and  the 
war  effort.  The  amount  of  milk  in  the 
June  pool  for  the  metropolitan  area 
was  668,771,670  lbs.,  compared  to  676,- 
099,795  lbs.  in  June  a  year  ago.  With 
one  exception,  it  is  the  first  month 
since  February,  1941,  that  production 
in  the  Milk  Shed  has  dropped  below 
the  same  months  the  previous  year. 

On  the  other  hand,  consumption  of 
fluid  milk  in  the  metropolitan  area 
showed  an  increase  of  17.9%  compared 
to  June  last  year;  but  the  volume  of 
milk  stored  as  frozen  cream  in  June 
compared  to  a  year  ago  dropped  about 
60%  from  over  118,000,000  lbs.  to 
about  47,000,000  lbs. 

There  is  grave  danger  that  farmers, 
harassed  by  inadequate  prices,  short¬ 
age  of  help,  and  inability  to  get  essen- 


Lewis  Planning  New  Tactics 


THROUGH  the  leadership  of  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist,  farm  organiza¬ 
tions,  and  Free  Farmers,  Inc.,  John  L. 
Lewis’  ambitious  scheme  to  force  dairy 
fanners  into  a  union  has  been  stopped 
— at  least  temporarily.  Even  John  L. 
himself  would  admit  that. 

We  have  won  the  battle  but  not  the 
war.  Lewis  is  smart  and  he  'doesn’t 
quit;  don’t  underestimate  him.  Already 
he  is  shifting  his  tactics,  and,  by  at¬ 
tempting  to  organize  wox-kers  in  coun¬ 
try  milk  plants  and  trackmen,  hopes 
the  day  will  come  when  he  can  say  to 
dairymen,  “This  is  a  union  plant.  Sign 
on  the  dotted  line  or  you  can’t  deliver 
your  milk.” 

In  New  England,  a  Lewis  organizer 
held  a  meeting  in  Pittsfield,  Massachu¬ 
setts.  Farmers  and  business  men  who 
attended  were  told  the  usual  story  that 
farm  organizations  had  done  nothing, 
that  John  Lewis  was  their  friend  and 
was  ready  to  help  them.  Fortunately, 
New  England  fanners  are  also  organiz¬ 
ed.  They  have  set  up  a  New  England 
Agricultural  Council,  with  John 
Thompson  as  Executive  Secretary  and 
with  aims  similar  to  those  of  Free 
Farmers.  The  only  difference  is  this: 
because  New  England  does  not  have  a 
Conference  Board  of  Farm  Organiza¬ 
tions,  the  New  England  Agricultural 
Council  is  intended  to  be  permanent, 
its  first  object  being  to  stop  Lewis. 
Representatives  of  the  Council  attend¬ 
ed  the  Pittsfield  meeting.  They  gave 
the  real  facts  and  asked  questions  so 
embarrassing  that  Lewis’  organizer 
looked  like  two  cents. 

Lewis’  ambition  is  countrywide.  His 
agents  are  active  in  Michigan  and  Wis¬ 
consin,  and  recently  he  opened  up  a  new 
headquarters  in  California.  Neither  is 
he  restricting  his  efforts  to  milk.  His 
goal  is  to  organize  all  farmers  whether 
they  like  it  or  not.  He  is  playing  for 


big  stakes.  If  he  can  get  control  of  food 
distribution,  he  will  be  the  most  power¬ 
ful  figure  in  the  country. 

Rumors  are  floating  about  that  the 
A.  F.  of  L.  and  the  C.  I.  O.  are  ready 
to  forget  their  differences  and  get  to¬ 
gether.  They  will  do  it  under  the  cloak 
of  patriotism,  claiming  they  are  com¬ 
bining  to  further  the  war  effort,  but 
fanners  who  look  behind  the  scenes  will 
realize  that  such  a  move  will  be  bad 
news  for  them.  Further  rumor  that  the 
first  big  job  to  be  tackled  together  is 
organizing  agriculture. 

Any  way  you  look  at  it,  the  interests 
of  producers  and  consumers  are  oppo¬ 
site.  Producers  want  fair  prices  for 
their  products;  consumers  want  cheap 
food.  How  can  any  union  serve  both? 
The  answer  is  obvious.  Consumers  out¬ 
number  food  producers  five  to  one. 
Which  group  do  you  think  labor  unions 
will  try  to  please? 

To  change  the  subject  for  a  moment, 
that  is  the  big  trouble  with  the  Milk 
Oi’der  for  the  metropolitan  area.  City 
consumers  have  pressured  the  Adminis¬ 
tration,  and  too  often  their  story  has 
cari’ied  more  weight  than  the  testi¬ 
mony  of  producers. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  John  L.  Lewis 
got  the  surprise  of  his  life  when  he 
found  that  northeastern  farmers  had 
organized  Free  Fai’mers  and  the  New 
England  Agricultural  Council.  Since 
Free  Farmei’s  told  of  a  policy  to  in¬ 
sure  their  members  against  losses  from 
barn  fires,  agents  of  Lewis  have  been 
frantically  denying  that  they  ever  had 
the  slightest  intention  of  destroying 
any  property! 

Lewis  has  been  losing  face  and  in¬ 
fluence  in  recent  months,  but  the  big¬ 
gest  mistake  you  can  make  is  to  as¬ 
sume  that  he  is  finished.  You  stopped 
him  once,  and  you  can  do  it  again  if 
you  will  stand  together. 


tial  supplies,  cannot  maintain  milk 
production  sufficient  to  meet  the  goals 
called  for  by  Secretary  Wickard. 

Another  angle,  and  a  serious  one,  is 
the  attitude  of  New  York  City  Health 
Department  in  attempting  to  cut  off 
some  milk  producers  or  producing  areas 
in  the  New  York  Milk  Shed.  Such  ac¬ 
tion  was  postponed  by  request  of  the 
U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  and 
the  problem  was  put  in  the  lap  of  the 
dairy  industry.  A  committee  represent¬ 
ing  producers  has  been  struggling  with 
the  situation,  but  it  still  remains  a  ser¬ 
ious  threat  to  milk  production  and 
prices.  When  we  consider  the  need  for 
increased  milk  production,  it  takes  lit¬ 
tle  imagination  to  conclude  that  this 
is  no  time  to  shut  milk  producers  out 
of  the  New  York  City  market.  Mayor 
LaGuardia  and  New  York  City  Health 
Department  will  be  doing  the  country 
a  service  if  they  will  pigeonhole  any 
such  proposal  until  the  Japs  and  Nazis 
are  put  where  they  belong. 

— a.  a. — 

BUMPER  CROPS 

Crops  look  good,  not  only  in  the 
Northeast,  but  in  other  areas  as  well. 
New  York,  with  234,120  acres  of  vege¬ 
tables,  shows  an  increase  of  7  %  over 
last  year  and  is  fifth  among  states  in 
production  of  vegetables.  Acreage  of 
vegetables  for  market  was  2%  over 
last  year,  and  canning  crop  acreage  is 
up  11%. 

CANNING  PEAS — New  York  canning 
pea  acreage  is  10%  aboveTast  year  and 
35%  above  the  ten-year  average.  U.  S. 
acreage  is  up  26%. 

CABBAGE — New  York  acreage  of  cab¬ 
bage  for  kraut  is  down  to  6,500,  com¬ 
pared  to  8,200  last  year.  Reason  is 
shortage  of  tin  for  canning.  There  is 
a  possibility  that  some  cabbage  not 
originally  planted  for  that  purpose  will 
be  made  into  kraut. 

ONIONS  —  Onion  acreage  in  17  late 
states  is  129,940,  compared  to  96,430 
last  year  and  a  ten-year  average  of 
126,630. 

TOMATOES  —  New  York  acreage  of 
canning  tomatoes  is  up  28%;  U.  S. 
acreage,  30%.  Condition  of  the  crop  is 
about  average. 

SNAP  BEANS — New  York  acreage  of 
snap  beans  is  up  32%  over  last  year 
and  is  66  %  above  the  ten-year  average. 
BEETS — New  York  acreage  of  canning 
factory  beets  is  up  2%  over  last  year. 
New  York  grows  about  30%  of  the 
nation’s  acreage  of  snap  beans  for  can¬ 
ning. 

SWEET  CORN — Seven  per  cent  more 
sweet  corn  acreage  was  planted  for 
canning  this  year.  The  New  York  acre¬ 
age  is  27,300;  national  acreage,  9% 
above  last  year. 

— a.  a. — 

RATES  FOR  FARM  WORK 

In  this  war-time  year  when  swap¬ 
ping  of  farm  machines  and  labor  is 
being  officially  encouraged  in  order  to 
make  the  most  efficient  use  of  equip¬ 
ment,  a  late  June  report  on  rates 
charged  in  Connecticut  for  various 
types  of  work  furnishes  a  timely  guide 
to  farmers  on  average  prices  being 
paid.  The  report,  completed  by  the 
Connecticut  Agricultural  Extension 
Service,  lists  hourly  and,  in  most 
cases,  daily  rates  as  below.  Charges 
include  one  man  as  operator  of  ma¬ 
chine  in  each  case. 

Mowing  Hay.  —  Team  horses  and 
mower,  $1.00-1.50  an  hour,  average 
$1.33;  tractor  and  mower,  $1.25-2.50 
hr.,  av.  $2.06;  $12.00-24.00  a  day,  av. 
$18.80.  Raking  Hay — tractor  and  side 
delivery  rake,  $1.25-2.00  hr.,  av.  $1.64; 
$8.00-16.00  a  day,  av.  $12.50. 

Loading  Hay. — Tractor,  wagon  and 
hay  loader,  $1.50-3.00  hr.,  av.  $2.17; 
$10.00-16.00  day,  av.  $13.00.  Chopping 
hay — tractor  and  hay  chopper,  $2.50- 


1  1  '433) 

4.00  hr.,  av.  $3.25;  $20.00-24.00  day,  av. 
$21.30. 

Cutting  Corn.  —  Tractor  and  com 
binder,  $2.00-3.00  hr.,  av.  $2.50;  $12.00- 
24.00  day,  av.  $18.00.  Silo  filling — trac¬ 
tor  and  ensilage  cutter,  $2.00-4.00  hr., 
av.  $2.88;  $14.00-24.00  day,  av.  $19.60. 

Plowing.  —  Team  horses  and  plow, 
$1.00  hr.;  tractor  and  1  bottom  plow, 
$1.25-2.00  hr.,  av.,  $1.66;  $12.00-16.00 
day,  av.  $13.30;  tractor  and  2  bottom 
plow,  $1.50-2.50  hr.,  av.  $2.00;  $16.00- 
24.00  day,  av.  $18.40.  Harrowing — 
tractor  and  disc  or  spring-tooth,  $1.50- 
2.50  hr.,  av.  $1.90;  $12.00-24.00  day,  av. 
$17.00. 

Lime  and  Fertilizer  Sowing. — Trac¬ 
tor  and  sower,  $1.50-2.00  hr.,  av.  $1.88. 
Spreading  Manure  —  team  horses  and 
spreader,  $1.25-1.50  hr.,  av.  $1.33; 
$10.00  day;  tractor  and  spreader,  $1.25- 
2.00  hr.,  av.  $1.61;  $16.00-20.00  day, 
av.  $18.20. 

Wood  Sawing  —  Tractor  and  wood 
saw,  $1.00-2.50,  av.  $1.44;  $12.00-20.00 
day,  av.  $13.70.  Trucking — l%-2  ton 
truck,  $1.00-$1.50  hr.,  av.  $1.30;  $10.00 
day;  3  ton  and  over,  $1.50-2.00  hr.,  av. 
$1.71;  $1200-16.00  day,  av.  $14.00. 

— A.  A. — 

COW  PRICES 

Here  is  a  recent  report  on  dairy  cow 
prices  which  will  interest  you: 

MILK  COWS  1942  1941  1940 

Central  Maine: 

Dry _ $75.00-100.00  $60.00-  75.00  $50.00-  75.00 

Fresh _ 100.00-150.00  75.00-100.00  65.00-  90.00 

Eastern  Conn.: 

Dry . ,  60.00-  80.00  100.00  60.00  -  75.00 

Fresh _ 150.00-200.00  125.00-150.00  80.00-100.00 

No.  New  York:  1 

Dry _  75.00-110.00  40.00-  65.Q0  40.00-  60.00 

Fresh _ 120.00-150.00  70.00-  90.00  60.00-100.00 

Over  the  years,  figures  show  that 
cow  prices  increase  more  rapidly  than 
milk  prices.  Perhaps  that  is  an  indi¬ 
cation  of  the  eternal  optimism  of  dairy¬ 
men. 

—  A.  A.— 

EGG-FEEB  RATIO 

About  the  middle  of  July  the  New 
York  State  Department  of  Agriculture 
and  Markets  report  that  it  took  6.4 
doz.  eggs  to  buy  100  lbs.  of  poultry 
feed.  A  month  ago  the  figure  was  7.6; 
a  year  ago,  7.7;  two  years  ago,  8.3.  At 
the  same  time,  top  wholesale  price  of 
white  eggs  in  New  York  City  was  38c; 
a  year  ago,  29% c;  two  years  ago,  21c. 

— a.  a.  — 

Bees  in  War  Time  —  Wartime  instruc¬ 
tions  on  care  of  bees,  issued  jointly  by 
Dr.  B.  N.  Gates,  Mass.  Dept,  of  Agri¬ 
culture,  and  Dr.  F.  R.  Shaw  of  the 
State  College,  urge  bee-keepers  not  to 
bother  with  weak  colonies.  They 
should  be  united  with  other  colonies 
or  destroyed,  thereby  eliminating  the 
necessity  of  full  feeding.  This  is  very 
important  because  prospects  of  a  sugar 
supply  for  this  fall  and  next  spring 
are  very  doubtful  due  to  war  restric¬ 
tions. 

In  view  of  the  universal  demand  for 
honey,  it  is  urgent  that  swarming  be 
checked  as  much  as  possible  in  order 
to  get  maximum  production  of  honey. 
Old  queens  should  be  replaced  by  Aug¬ 
ust  1.  Small  colonies  should  be  united 
or  else  killed  by  the  first  of  October, 
and  the  hive  and  equipment  be  placed 
}n  safe  storage  until  the  following 
spring. 

— a.  a. — 

The  pig  crop  for  the  country  as  a 
whole  for  1942  will  be  the  first  to  ex¬ 
ceed  100,000,000  head.  Market  sup¬ 
plies  and  slaughter  of  hogs  this  year 
will  be  gx-eater  than  ever  before,  but 
this  1942  record  number  will  be  ma¬ 
terially  exceeded  in  1943.  The  num¬ 
ber  of  hogs  over  6  months  old  on  farms 
June  1  was  17  per  cent  larger  than  a 
year  earlier  and  exceeded  the  number 
on  that  date  in  any  other  recent  year. 
This  report  is  based  upon  returns  from 
177,000  farmers  obtained  in  cooperation 
with  the  Post  Office  Department 
through  the  rural  mail  carriers. 


(4S4)  12 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  August  1,  1942 


f\la^ikeciAt  Ma/dzetl  jpsi  fllosdU&GAi  Pncducend 


"American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page 


,99 


HOLSTEIN 


TRY  “WAIT  FARMS”  FIRST 

for  your  next  Herd  Sire.  We  specialize  on  Type  and 
Production.  2  Gold  Medal  Herd  Sires,  2  Silver  Medal. 
Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  THAEUB^£  £ARYMS’ 


ORCHARD  HILL  STOCK  FARM 

offers  for  sale  Carnation  bred  bulls  of  excellent  type 
from  high  producing  dams  and  sired  by 
Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

M.  R.  Klock  &  Son,  Fort  Plain,  N.  Y. 


Holstein  Bull  Calves,  for  sale  or  lease. 

sons  of  Commodore  Constance,  Dam  K.O.I.  Pauline 
made  I6S9  lbs.  fat,  28079  lbs.  milk;  was  N.  Y.  State 
Champion.  Out  of  high  producing,  excellent  type  dams 
backed  by  4%  test  dams.  At  farmers’  prices.  PAUL 
STERUSKY,  Sunnyhill  Dairy  Farm.  Little  Falls,  N.  Y. 


For  Sale:  REGISTERED  HOLSTEINS 

Will  sell  30  head.  Your  choice  of  115.  Herd  average 
3.75%  fat  last  eighteen  months.  Many  splendid  fami¬ 
lies  that  combine  show  quality  with  high  production. 
Some  high  quality  young  bulls,  excellent  show  prospects. 
PAUL  SMITH,  NEWARK  VALLEY,  NEW  YORK. 


ALL  AGES,  BY  EXTRA 
WELL  BRED  SIRES,  FROM 
COWS  WITH  GOOD  C.T.A. 
RECORDS. 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 


HIGH  GRADE  DAIRY  COWS 

AND  FIRST  CALF  HEIFERS, 
HOLSTEINS  AND  GUERNSEYS. 
BLOODTESTED. 

Frank  W.  Arnold,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 


GUERNSEY 


TARBELL  FARMS  GUERNSEYS 

Federal  Accredited  Negative  Young  Bulls,  also  a  few 
Heifer  calves  closely  related  to  Tarbell  Farms  Peerless 
Margo,  18501  lbs.  milk,  1013  lbs.  fat,  World’s  Cham¬ 
pion  Jr.  3  yr.  old,  and  Tarbell  Farms  Royal  Lenda, 
20508  lbs.  milk,  1109  lbs.  fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr.  4 
yr.  old.  Visitors  welcome.  For  full  information  write 

TARBELL  FARMS 
Smithville  Flats,  New  York 

Guernsey  Bulls 

FOR  SALE 

EITHER  CALVES  OR  BULLS  OF  SERVICEABLE 
AGE.  RICH  IN  LEVITY  BLOOD  FROM  AR  COWS 
OF  PROVEN  PRODUCTION. 

Douglaston  Manor  Farm,  Pulaski,  N.  Y. 


For  Sale:  Registered  Guernsey  Bulls. 

READY  FOR  SERVICE,  FROM  600  LB.  DAMS. 
FEW  HEIFERS  UNDER  ONE  YEAR. 

Price  reasonable  (a  good  time  to  buy). 

Lake  Delaware  Farms,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 


HAIRY  CATTLE 


COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEINS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 


UEREFORHS 


BOB-O-LINK  FARMS 

Registered,  T.B.,  Blood  tested  Herefords,  Foundation 
stock  for  sale.  Cows  and  calves.  Heifers  and  Bulls. 
Visitors  Welcome. 

WOLCOTT,  NEW  YORK 


SWINE 


Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 


Quality  Poland  China  Breeding  Stock. 

Hardy  Herd — See  it.  Now  offering,  Rugged  250  pound 
fall  gilts,  BRED  to  world’s  Premier  boar  “Glamour 
Boy.”  Reserve  Junior  Champion,  Iowa  State  Fair,  1941, 
for  late  summer  and  early  fall  litters. 
GREENFIELD  FARMS,  TIFFIN,  OHIO. 


RUGGED  PIGS! 

Chester-Whites,  Chester-Berkshire,  Yorkshire-Chester, 
few  Duroc  crosses,  6-8  weeks,  $7.50.  Boars,  barrows 
and  sows.  Ship  C.O.D.  two  or  more.  Crates  free. 

CARL  ANDERSON,  CV0SA 


HOGS 


SHEPHERDS  —  COLLIES 

TRAINED  CATTLE  DOGS  AND  PUPS. 

HEEL  DRIVERS  —  BEAUTIES. 

WILMOT,  East  Thetford,  Vt. 


FOR  SALE:  German  Shepherd  Puppy, 

FEMALE,  5  MONTHS  OLD. 

Cosalta  breeding,  distemper  inoculated.  $25.00. 

I.  W.  Ingalls,  R.D.  3,  Trumansburg,N.Y. 


St.  Bernard  —  Shepherd  Puppies 

MAKE  GOOD  COW  DOGS. 

Also  2  nicely  marked  male  Bernards — Registered. 
Persian  Cats — Part  Beagle  Pups. 

Mrs.  Edna  Gladstone,  Andes,  N.  Y. 


ENGLISH  BULL  PUPPIES 

Price  $25.00.  Real  Sour  Mugs. 

CLAUDE  HARVEY,  COVINGTON,  PA. 


USEH  FARM  EQUIPMENT 


FOR  SALE:  Wayland  Fruit  Grader, 

MODEL  NR-4  WITH  DUMP  BELT  AND  PEAR 
ATTACHMENT.  EXCELLENT  CONDITION. 

A.  H.  ROWE,  FEURA  BUSH,  N.  Y. 


SEEHS 


CERTIFIED  YORKWIN  WHEAT 

Highest  yielding  white  variety.  Best  for  milling. 

CERTIFIED  NURED  WHEAT 

Highest  yielding  red  variety.  Best  for  feeding. 

CERTIFIED  WONG  WINTER  BARLEY 

Outstanding  new  variety.  Very  stiff  straw. 
SEND  FOR  PRICES. 

Harwood  Martin,  Honeoye  Falls,  N.  Y. 


rJLIiVESXQCK 


Cattle  Sales 

Aug.  5  Finger  Lakes  Ayrshire  Club  Sale,  Cortland, 
New  York. 

Aug.  12-  146th  Earlville  Sale,  Earlville,  N.  Y. 

Aug.  12  4th  Annual  Consignment  Sale,  Lancaster 

County  Ayrshire  Breeders’  Ass’n.,  Lan¬ 
caster,  Pa. 

Sept.  9-  147th  Earlville  Sale,  Earlville,  N.  Y. 

Sept.  10  Clinton-Essex  Ayrshire  Sale,  Plattsburg.  N.Y. 

Sept.  30  Harry  Staley  Dispersal  of  Ayrshire  Cows 

and  Bred  Heifers,  Walkerville,  Md. 

Sept.  30  llth  Maryland  Fall  Holstein  Sale,  Mc- 

Donogh  School,  McDonogh,  Md. 

Oct.  3  Eastern  Brown  Swiss  Breeders’  Sale,  Earl¬ 

ville,  N.  Y. 

Oct.  3  New  York  Federation  Ayrshire  Production 

Sale,  Cobleskill. 

Oct.  6  Vermont  Ayrshire  Club  Sale,  Brandon. 

Oct.  9  Eastern  Guernsey  Sale,  Doylestown,  Pa. 

Oct.  10  New  Jersey  State  Guernsey  Sale,  Trenton. 

Oct.  22  Annual  Fall  Holstein  Sale,  New  England 
Holstein  Association,  Northampton,  Mass. 

Oct.  28  Allegany-Steuben  Ayrshire  Club  Auction 
Sale,  Hornell,  N.  Y. 

Oct.  31  Horst-Williams  Ayrshire  Sale,  Jacob  Horst 
Farm,  Route  3,  Lititz,  Pa. 

Coming  Events 

Aug.  7  Western  Maryland  Ayrshire  Field  Day, 
Sigler’s  Grove,  Middletown. 

Aug.  15  Summer  Meeting  Vermont  Jersey  Cattle 
Club  at  Oakridge  Farm,  owned  by  Otis  A. 
Kenyon,  Windsor. 

Aug.  20  State  Jersey  Cattle  Club  Summer  Meeting 
and  Bull  Distribution,  The  Rocks,  Little¬ 
ton,  New  Hampshire. 

Aug.  21-22  Classification  Sibley  Farms  Jersey  Herd, 
Aug.  21;  State  Club  Meeting  and  Bull 
Distribution,  Aug.  22,  Spencer,  Mass. 

Aug.  26-28  1942  Poultry  Industries  Exposition  of 

Northeastern  Poultry  Producers  Council, 
Hotel  New  Yorker,  New  York  City. 


HONEY 


BUCKWHEAT:  5  lbs.,  $1.10; 
10  lbs..  $2.00.  CLOVER.  5  lbs., 
$1.25;  10  lbs.,  $2.15. 
Postage  prepaid  to  fourth  zone. 

W.  Botsford,  Horseheads,  N.  Y. 

60  lbs.  best  clover 
$8.40  not  prepaid. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed 

F.  W.  Lesser,  Fayetteville,  N.  Y. 


MAPLE  SY  RUP 


Fancy  Pure  Vermont  Maple  Syrup 

$3.00  per  gal.;  '/2  gal.,  $1.65;  5  or  10  lb.  pail  of  sugar, 
$.40  per  lb.;  I  lb.  box  of  sugar  cakes,  $.60  prepaid, 
third  zone. 

Jefferson  Woolley,  So.  Royalton,  Vt. 


POULTRY 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAMPSHIRES, 
BARRED  ROCKS,  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  All  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
Folder  and  Prices. 

WILLIAM  S.  MAPES,  Middlftownf’N.  Y. 


Axel  W.  Eden,  Star  Rte.,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 


“ The  mailman  said  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  ads  got  results,  but  I  didn’t 
dream  of  anything  like  this.” 


Farmers  and  Livestock  Breeders  Who  Advertise  on 
These  Pages  Reach  More  Than  190,000  Subscribers 

Write  your  advertisement  below  and  mail  to  American  Agriculturist,  Adver 
tising  Department,  Savings  Bank  Building,  Ithaca,  New  York. 


Signed .  Address 


_ POULTRY _ 

EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

Hatching  Eggs  —  Started  Pullets 
James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  Trumans°hurgA'N.  Y 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS,  R.  I.  REDS,  NEW 
HAMPSHIRES,  BARRED  CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed, 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


The  McGREGOR  FARM 


C.  White  Leghorns — 50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 
THE  McGREGOR  FARM.  Box  A,  MAINE,  N.  Y. 


CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 


Walter  Rich’s 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 


BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  "York’s  U.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
Cist  describing  our  Leghorns,  Reds,  and 
crossbreds. 

Eli  H.  Bodine,  Box  28,  Chemung,  N.  Y. 


Rich  Poultry  Farms 

Leghorns  Progeny  Tested  Reds 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS. 

Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de¬ 
scribes  our  method  of  gi  owing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 


C.  &  G.  FARMS, 

Breeders  of  Progeny  Tested  R.  I.  Reds  (Parmenter) 
and  Red-Rock-Cross  Red  Pedigree  breeding  Cockerels 
250  to  340  egg  dams.  Breeding  counts. 

C.  &  G.  FARMS,  Ballston  BLake5,’  N.  Y. 


ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS.  REDS.  ROCK-RED  CROSS, 
WHITE  ROCKS  — “They  Satisfy.” 

Pullorum  free,  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  details. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER,  Box  C.  GALLUPVILLE,  N.  Y. 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 


FOR  SALE:  170  ACRE  DAIRY  FARM 

12  mi.  south  of  Utica,  N.  Y.,  improved  road,  equipped 
with  all  farm  implements,  tractors,  electric  milking 
machine  and  cooler.  40  head  stock,  3  horses,  good 
buildings  with  tenant  house,  hard  and  soft  wood. 
FRANK  BERBERICH.  R.  3,  FRANKFORT,  N.  Y. 


54  Acres,  Good  Home;  $700  Down 

24  acres'  for  crop3,  balance  spring-watered  pasture: 
attractive  7  rooms,  running  water,  basement  barn, 
housing  for  500  hens;  handy  village,  25  minutes 
to  Ithaca;  “buy”  at  $1900,  150  hens,  buzz  saw 
and  engine,  harrow,  grain  drill,  wagon  thrown  in; 
pg.  28  big  Free  catalog  1384  bargains  many  States. 

STROUT  REALTY 

255-R  4th  Ave.,  New  York  City 


HELP  WANTED 


Suitable  Men  and  Women  ’attendants’ 

Must  be  of  good  character,  well  recommended  U.,  S. 
citizens.  New  York  State  residents  and  without  serious 
physical  defects.  Salary  $54.00-$66.00  per  month  ana 
board,  room  and  laundry.  Eight  hours  per  day.  Communi¬ 
cate  with  WASSAIC  STATE  SCHOOL,  Wassaic,  N.  Y. 


WANTED:  A  Working  Supt. 

On  a  300  acre  New  York  State  Dairy  Farm  milking 
sixty  cows  and  raising  hay,  grain  and  some  cash  crops. 

Man  must  be  able  to  handle  a  good  sized  proposition 
successfully,  understand  machinery,  handle  men,  etc. 
Prefer  man  who  has  some  help  of  his  own  and  wishes 
to  locate  more  or  less  permanently. 

Wages  and  privileges  according  to  qualifications. 

BOX  514-C, 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

Phis  classified  page  is  for  the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications; 
LIVESTOCK — Cattle,  Swine,  Sheep,  Horses,  Dogs,  Rabbits,  Goats.  Mink.  Ferrets;  FARM  PRODUCE — Field 
Beeds,  Hay  and  Straw,  Maple  Syrup,  Honey,  Pop  Com.  Miscellaneous;  POULTRY — Breeding  Stock.  Hatching  Eggs: 
EMPLOYMENT — Help  Wanted.  Situation  Wanted;  FARM  REAL  ESTATE— Farms  for  Sale.  Farms  Wanted- 
USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT— For  Sale,  Wanted. 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers’  classified  advertising  rates.  Two 
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cepted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows:  Jan.  3. 

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Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  August  1,  1942 


13  (  435) 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


FAITH,  hope  and  parity — the  great¬ 
est  of  these  may  not  be  parity,  but 
it  is  surely  assuming  a  prominent  place 
for  itself. 

Early  in  May,  prime  steers  sold  at 
$17.25;  last  Monday,  the  top  in  Chica¬ 
go  was  $15.40  with  only  a  few  over 
$14.  Is  it  any  wonder  that  good  light 
cattle  are  being  liquidated  in  spite  of 
the  fact  that  we  need  every  single 
pound  of  meat  ?  It  is  now  reported  that 
the  government  is  about  to  place  an 
embargo  on  light  steers  going  to  mar¬ 
ket. 

Unfortunately,  our  whole  “economy”, 
even  our  whole  “price  base”,  has  been 
placed  in  the  hands  of  “one  man” 
whose  function  it  is  to  keep  prices  down 
— not  to  maintain  production.  No  one 
wants  inflation,  but  lack  of  enough  pro¬ 
duction  is  even  more  dangerous.  Neith¬ 
er  do  we  want  to  produce  at  a  loss  and 
have  the  taxpayers,  through  the  gov¬ 
ernment,  make  up  the  difference,  nor 
an  American  Gestapo  rationing  meats. 
So  why  tie  a  price  base  to  any  month, 
such  as  March,  and  not  be  willing  to 
bend  with  conditions  as  they  arise,  un¬ 
til  production  is  lost? 

This  might  not  mean  much  if  I  did 
not  see  so  many  fields  of  good  hay  still 


uncut.  Lack  of  labor  is  the  usual  rea¬ 
son,  of  course,  but  it  does  make  me 
wonder,  even  with  all  the  hay  there  is 
this  year,  if  it  will  not  be  really  good 
property  before  spring,  even  figuring 
on  a  hay  carry-over  rather  than  big 
livestock  expansion. 

This  does  not  mean  that  I  think  live¬ 
stock  will  work  lower  for  the  next  year 
or  two.  It  is  almost  sure  to  go  the 
other  way,  even  though  there  will  be 
more  and  more  farm  liquidation,  par¬ 
ticularly  dairy  herds,  because  of  the 
labor  problem.  Nor  does  this  mean  that 
good  young  livestock  is  too  high  to 
put  on,  particularly  when  you  are  ex¬ 
changing  or  replacing.  The  old  matur¬ 
ed  animal,  even  if  sold  for  meat,  will 
pay  such  a  large  part  of  the  cost  of  the 
young  animal,  and  generally  it  costs 
less  to  keep  the  young  one. 

From  now  on,  your  livestock  is  go¬ 
ing  to  need  more  and  more  attention 
on  pasture.  Grass  has  already  lost  a 
great  deal  of  its  food  value.  Unless  pas¬ 
tures  have  been  mowed  and  rotated, 
this  lost  value  will  change  your  live¬ 
stock  from  a  position  of  gaining  weight 
to  one  of  losing  weight.  Electric  fenc¬ 
ing  of  meadows  and  hay-fields,  some 
grain,  and  even  some  good  hay,  will 
all  help  to  keep  them  gaining. 

Up  to  this  time,  pastures  have  prob¬ 
ably  been  good  enough  to  feed  the  live¬ 
stock  and  parasites  too.  Parasite  con¬ 
trol  measures  during  August  will  really 
show  better  results  than  at  any  other 
time  of  the  year,  whether  or  not  it  is 
any  more  effective  then.  This  has  been 
a  wet  season.  Worms  will  be  active;  so 
let’s  eradicate  them  here,  as  well  as 
across  the  Atlantic  and  the  Pacific. 


The  Sheep  and  Lambs  Look  Fine 

By  JOHN  P.  WILLMAN. 


"\TOST  of  the  sheep  and  lambs  that 
I  have  seen  this  summer  have 
looked  fine.  The  pastures  have  been 
unusually  good  and  the  ewes  have  pro¬ 
duced  an  abundant  flow  of  milk.  Will 
these  lambs  and  these  pastures  present 
such  a  pleasing  picture  in  late  August 
or  in  September? 

Sheep  men  know  that  it  is  difficult 
to  get  maximum  production  out  of  per¬ 
manent  pasture  alone.  The  pastures 
may  be  abundant  in  May  and  June,  but 
are  often  inadequate  in  August  when 
the  lambs  are  larger  and  the  pasture 
needs  are  greater.  The  use  of  fertiliz¬ 
er  and  the  mowing  machine  on  certain 
pastures  have  proven  to  be  helpful. 
There  is  no  good  substitute,  however, 
for  good  temporary  pastures  when  the 
permanent  pastures  get  short.  The 
afterfeed  in  the  meadows  or  such  crops 
as  rape  and  thousand-headed  kale  are 
very  welcome  at  this  time.  They  help 
prevent  the  loss  of  the  milk  fat  on 
the  lambs  and  bring  about  a  reduction 
in  the  amount  of  grain  needed  to  pro¬ 
duce  a  market  finish. 

The  flocks  that  have  been  given 
regular  medicinal  treatments  for  the 
control  of  internal  parasites  are  in  bet¬ 
ter  shape  in  the  fall  than  those  that 
have  not  been  so  treated.  Unfortun¬ 
ately,  too  many  flock  owners  fail  to 
give  medicinal  treatments  because 
their  sheep  do  not  show  well-defined 
symptoms  of  worm  infestations.  Ex¬ 
perience  has  shown  that  the  flock  may 
be  rather  heavily  infested  without  the 
owner  being  aware  of  it.  The  effects 
of  the  internal  parasites  are  not  easily 
noticed  until  late  in  the  season. 

Several  kinds  of  medicinal  treat¬ 
ments  have  been  tried  during  the  past 
several  years  with  varying  results.  It 
is  recommended  that  sheep  be  given 
carefully  measured  amounts  of  solu¬ 
tions  rather  than  to  offer  them  free 
access  to  salt  mixtures  for  the  control 
of  parasites.  When  the  sheep  and 
lambs  are  given  free  access  to  mix¬ 
tures  containing  tobacco  and  copper 
sulfate,  the  amount  eaten  by  individual 
sheep  varies  greatly.  The  sheep  that 
need  treatment  most  may  eat  a  small 


amount  of  the  mixture.  It  has  been 
shown  also  that  sheep  may  develop 
chronic  copper  poisoning  from  long 
continued  consumption  of  mixtures 
containing  only  a  small  amount  of 
copper  sulfate. 

Experiments  conducted  at  Cornell 
University  and  elsewhere  and  the  ex¬ 
periences  of  many  flock  owners  indi¬ 
cate  that  the  combined  copper-sulfate- 
nicotine-sulfate  treatment  should  be 
preferred  for  general  use.  It  is  inexpen¬ 
sive,  readily  available,  is  easy  to  give 
and  has  a  wide  range  of  usefulness. 
The  use  of  this  treatment  once  a  month 
during  the  grazing  season  and  once 
just  before  the  flock  is  turned  to  pas¬ 
ture  and  once  after  the  sheep  are 
brought  into  winter  quarters  should  re¬ 
turn  liberal  dividends.  Directions  for 
administering  this  treatment  may  be 
obtained  by  writing  to  Cornell. 

— a.  a. — 

Brown  Swiss  Brooders  Sale 
At  Earlville,  October  3 

The  Eastern  Brown  Swiss  Breeders’ 
Assn,  has  announced  the  annual  fall 
sale  will  be  held  at  the  sale  auditorium 
of  R.  Austin  Backus  in  Earlville,  N. 
Y.,  on  Saturday,  October  3,  1942. 

George  De  Voe,  Judd’s  Bridge  Farm, 
New  Milford,  Conn.,  and  H.  C.  Mag- 
nussen,  Walhalla  Farm,  Rexford,  N. 
Y.,  comprise  the  committee  in  charge 
of  the  sale.  Breeders  desiring  stock 
or  having  stock  to  sell  are  urged  to 
get  in  touch  with  them. 

—a.  a. — 

IIOLSTEIA  SALE 

At  the  145th  Earlville  Holstein  sale, 
R.  Austin  Backus  manager,  there  were 
93  animals  above  six  months  old  offer¬ 
ed  by  45  consignors.  Total  sale  was 
$21,430,  an  average  of  $229. 

Sixteen  bred  heifers  averaged  $255; 
64  cows  $236;  six  open  heifers  $123;  24 
heifer  calves  $33.  Six  bulls  between  six 
months  and  two  years  averaged  $218. 

Again  the  top  cow,  $450,  was  from 
Canada,  as  was  the  top  bred  heifer  at 


$400.  The  top  bull,  $355,  was  from  G. 
W.  Chapman,  Ontario,  N.  Y.,  herd. 

— John  R.  Parsons. 
— a.  a. — 

COOK’S  HOLIDAY 

( Continued  from  Page  6) 
time  “she  ariseth  while  it  is  yet  night 
and  giveth  meat  to  her  household;  she 
looketh  well  to  the  way  of  her  house¬ 
hold  and  eateth  not  the  bread  of  idle¬ 
ness.”  It  was  merely  the  point  we 
were  making  that  on  the  rare  oc¬ 
casions  when  she  does  take  a  day  off, 
we  can  get  along  pretty  well  from 
what  we  have  in  the  garden  or  down 
cellar  without  bothering  the  store — a 
strong  position  in  war-time. ' 

And  it  was  the  other  point  that  farm 
families  who  have  heretofore  prided 
themselves  on  having  good  meals  from 
their  own  henhouse,  granary,  dairy, 
garden  and  cellar  don’t  really  have  to 
worry  too  much  about  shifting  from 
meals  to  nutrition.  The  chances  are 
they’ve  been  getting  quite  a  little  nu¬ 
trition  right  along  without  being  aware 
of  it. 

— a.  a. — 

Middlebury,  Vt.,  Boy  Wins 
A.  A.  Scholarship  to 
Camp  Minhvanca 

IN  OUR  May  23  issue  we  announced 
our  usual  Camp  Miniwanca  scholar¬ 
ship.  This  is  an  all-expense'  trip  to  a 
two-week  leadership  training  course 
at  Shelby,  Michigan,  the  dates  this 
year  being  from  August  17  to  30.  As 
explained  at  that  time,  the  scholarship 
is  awarded  on  the  basis  of  leadership 


George  Foster,  Middlebury,  Vermont, 
winner  of  the  American  Agriculturist 
scholarship  to  Camp  Miniwanca. 


ability  already  shown,  with  the  expec¬ 
tation  that  the  information  and  ex¬ 
perience  gained  at  the  Camp  will  be 
used  for  the  benefit  of  the  winner’s 
home  community. 

This  year’s  winner  is  George  Foster 
of  Middlebury,  Vermont.  George  is 
18  and  a  graduate  of  Middlebury  High 
School  in  June,  1941.  While  in  high 
school,  he  studied  Vocational  Agricul¬ 
ture,  and  has  served  as  President  of 
his  Local  Chapter  and  a  member  of  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  State  As- 
sociati6n.  In  1940  he  attended  the  Na¬ 
tional  Future  Farmers’  Convention  in 
Kansas  City,  where  he  received  his 
State  Farmers’  Degree. 

After  graduating  from  high  school, 
George  went  into  partnership  with  two 
brothers  in  the  operation  of  a  380- 
acre  dairy  farm.  Back  in  1935  he  was 
messenger  boy  at  State  Legislature. 
George  is  a  member  of  Grange,  Farm 
Bureau,  and  Red  Cross;  is  an  Aid  Raid 
Warden,  head  usher  of  his  church,  and 
active  in  Senior  Young  Peoples  Group. 

The  alternate  for  the  scholarship,  in 
case  George  is  unable  to  attend,  is 
Edward  Benson  of  Whitesboro/  New 
York.  Second  alternate  is  Camille 
Gardner,  Auburn,  Maine. 


k  YOUR  OWN  SEEP  iVUAs 


VAC* A- WAV  a 

CLEANERS  *  GRADERS  -  TREATERS 


”  IMPROVE  YIELDS  -  plant  perfectly 
cleaned,  graded  seed.  Keep  out 
weeds  —  SAVE  MONEY  by  clean¬ 
ing  at  home — SELL  seed  at  a  profit. 
FARM  and  CUSTOM  sizes.  Hand, 
electric  or  gasoline.  Screens  oats, 
wheat,  barley,  soybeans,  corn, 
alfalfa,  lespedeza,  clover,  etc. 
SEE  DEALER  OR  WRITE 


J.  W.  HANCE  MFG.  CO.,  Westerville,  Ohio.. 


NEW  SILO  FOR  OLD  •  •  • 
AT  1/2  THE  COST/ 


Save  Materials! 


Rebuild  that  old,  leaky,  collapsed 
wood  stave  silo !  Save  old  staves, 
cover  with  Silafelt  for  warmth 
—  Crainelox  Spiral  Binding  for 
strength — and  you  have  a  famous 
Triple -Wall  Silo!  For  FREE 
FOLDER  and  easy  terms,  write 

CRAINE,  INC. 

812  Pine  St.,  Norwich,  N.  Y. 


CRAINE  SILOS 


Harder  silos 

War  program  demands  more 
milk.  Highest  prices  assur¬ 
ed.  Good  roughage  (Silage) 
essential  to  low  cost  pro¬ 
duction. 

Silos  are  scarce  — 
secure  yours  now. 

HARDER  SILO  COMPANY,  Inc. 

116  Grand  St.,  Cobleskill.  N.  Y. 


A  thorough  treatment  for 
stubborn  conditions-Cow  Pox, 
Hoof  Rot,  Hoof  Lameness, 
Thrush,  Bruises,  Calk  Wounds. 
♦Antiseptic*  Per  bottle  $1.00. 

At  dealers  or  by  mail  postpaid. 

H.  W.  Naylor  Co  Morris,  N.Y. 


140  REGISTERED  HOLSTEIN 
CATTLE  at  AUCTION 

WEDNESDAY,  AUGUST  12 

Sale  pavilion,  Earlville,  Madison  Co.,  N.Y. 

Buyers  from  a  distance  will  gladly  be  met  at  trains  or 
buses  at  any  nearby  town  or  village  sale  morning  or 
the  night  before  if  you  notify  me. 

All  negative  to  blood  test,  T.B.  Accredit¬ 
ed,  mastitis  charts  with  milking  animals. 
A  beautiful  offering  of  large,  richly  bred, 
high  producing  cows  and  heifers.  Fresh 
or  close  springers,  or  due  in  the  fall. 

A  choice  lot  of  heifer  calves,  all  ages. 

15  bulls  mostly  ready  for  service. 

Send  for  catalog  and  details  about  how  to  buy  animals 
at  this  sale  in  case  you  are  unable  to  attend  in  person. 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 

Sales  Manager,  MEXICO,  N.  Y. 


Sharon  J.  Mauhs  Dispersal 

70  Registered  Holsteins 

Saturday,  August  8  at  10  a.  m. 

at  his  farm  located  I  mile  east  of  Cobleskill,  N.Y., 
on  Route  7,  4  miles  from  Howe  Caverns,  30  miles 
west  of  Schenectady. 

Herd  Bang  Approved,  can  go  anywhere. 

Rich  in  Carnation  Farms  breeding. 

Many  400,  500  lb.  and  600  lb.  fat  cows;  all  ages, 
both  sex.  One  of  New  York  State’s  best. 
EVERY  ANIMAL  SELLS.  IT’S  A  SENSATIONAL 
SALE  YOU  CAN’T  AFFORD  TO  MISS. 

Send  for  catalog  to 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 

SALES  MANAGER,  MEXICO,  N.  Y. 


PIGS  FOR  SALE  ! 

We  are  prepared  to  fill  orders  for  pigs,  CHESTER  AND 
YORKSHIRE  CROSSED,  or  BERKSHIRE  &  CHES¬ 
TER  CROSSED  —  5  weeks  old  $6.75;  6  to  7  weeks 
old,  $7 :  8  to  9  weeks  old,  $7.50.  Limited  number  of  10 
weeks  extra  sized  pigs  at  $8  ea.  CHESTER  WHITES, 
7  to  8  wks.  old,  $7.50.  Will  ship  2  or  more  C.O.D. 

A  M  LUX  FARM  206  WASHINGTON  st.. 

111.  L.UZV  l  WOBURN,  MASS. 


Harry  Matson,  R.  I,  Moosup,  Conn. 


Dailey  Stock  Farm 

LEXINGTON,  MASS.  TEL.  1085. 

Top  Quality  Pigs 

Berkshire  &  0.  I.  C.  —  Chester  &  Yorkshire  Crossed 
6  weeks  old,  $7.00  each  —  8  weeks  extras,  $7.50  each. 


SHIPPED  C.O.D. 


Walter  Lux,  Tel.  0086,  Woburn,  Mass. 

YORKSHIRE  &  CHESTER  CROSS,  BERKSHIRE  &. 

YORKSHIRE  CROSS,  CHESTER  WHITE  PIGS. 
6-7  weeks  old,  $7.00  each;  8-9  weeks  old,  $8.50  each. 
All  large  type  stock.  Ship  2  or  more  C.O.D.  Check 
or  money  order.  If  they  please  you  keep  them,  if 
not  return  them. 


(430)  14 


A  WAR  MESSAGE  FROM 
THE  U.  S.  TREASURY 
DEPARTMENT 


“minute  man 


urn  afiMmM  fop. . . 


It  is  not  by  chance  that  the 
symbol  of  America’s  War 
Bond  drive  .  .  .  the  “Minute 
Man”  shown  here  ...  is  a 
farmer.  It  was  the  farmers 
of  Concord  and  Lexington 
who  fired  “the  shot  heard 
round  the  world”  and  gave 
this  country  the  liberty  it 
fights  to  preserve  today. 


Now  again  the  farmers  of 
America  are  rallying  to  their 
country’s  call — by  feeding 
the  Army,  Navy,  and  Marine 
Corps  and  by  buying  U.  S. 
War  Savings  Bonds  to  the 
limit  of  their  powers. 


Are  you  putting  your  in¬ 
creased  earnings  to  work  for 
you  —and  for  your  country? 
It’s  a  sure  way  to  save  up  for 
the  things  you’ll  need  when 
victory  is  ours.  Your  money 
will  be  safe,  it  will  grow  in 
value,  and  you  can  get  it 
back — all  of  it — any  time 
after  60  days  from  issue 
date.  Go  to  your  bank  or 
post  office,  start  buying  U.  S. 
War  Savings  Bonds  now! 


Why  Farmers  Everywhere  Are 
Buying  U.  S.  War  Savings  Bonds 

To  help  buy  the  guns,  tanks, 
planes,  and  ships  America  needs 
to  win  the  war. 

To  provide  an  easily  cashable  re¬ 
serve  for  future  years. 

To  build  a  fund  to  put  a  boy  or 
girl  through  school. 


This  Space  Is  a  Contribution  to  America’s 
All-Out  War  Program  by 


American 

AGRICULTURIST 


At.  eriean  Agriculturist,  August  1,  1942 


( Continued  from  Page  1) 


begins  two  years  ago.  In  1940  we  had 
a  fourteen  acre  meadow  occupying 
what  I  consider  the  very  best  land  on 
the  farm  but  we  had  failed  to  get  a 
good  catch  of  alfalfa  and  the  quack 
grass  was  moving  in  to  take  posses¬ 
sion.  We  cut  the  mixed  stand  of  al¬ 
falfa,  quack  and  other  stuff  for  hay  in 
mid-June,  plowed  the  ground  at  once 
and  summer-fallowed  it  for  three 
months.  Now  I  wish  to  say  without 
reservation  that  for  wheat  the  old 
fashioned  and  now  almost  forgotten 
practice  of  summer-fallowing  is  the 
best  of  all  possible  treatments.  It 
gives  land  clear  of  weeds  and  builds 
up  reserves  of  soluble  plant  food  and 
moisture.  The  promptness  with  which 
wheat  will  start  and  the  way  it  will 
grow  in  the  fall  is  almost  unbelievable. 
Our  experience  leads  us  to  believe  that 
in  sowing  wheat  on  fertile,  well-pre¬ 
pared  soil,  seven  pecks  of  seed  per  acre 
is  more  than  enough. 

I  think  that  for  once  we  almost  over¬ 
did  the  matter  of  tillage.  At  any  rate, 
on  the  fourteen  acres  there  was  hardly 
a  place  where  a  man  could  lay  down 
his  hat  without  covering  wheat.  The 
crop  grew  so  dense  and  lodged  so  bad¬ 
ly  that  the  seeding  was  practically  a 
failure.  It  was  cut  with  a  combine 
which  got  everything  except  the  heads 
that  lay  literally  upon  the  ground.  In¬ 
asmuch  as  the  bags  were  tied  when¬ 
ever  comfortably  full  and  without 
weighing,  it  is  impossible  to  give  any 
really  accurate  estimate  of  the  yield. 
As  I  wish  to  avoid  automatic  enroll¬ 
ment  in  the  Tall  Story  Club,  however, 
we  will  let  it  go  at  this.  We  believe 
we  harvested  a  little  less  than  fifty 
bushels  per  acre.  We  also  believe  that 
had  it  been  possible  to  get  it  all,  there 
would  have  been  about  sixty  bushels. 

As  I  have  said,  the  seeding  appeared 
hopeless  but  we  let  it  go  one  year 
just  to  see  what  would  happen.  What 
did  happen  was  that  when  spring  came 
we  found  we  had  a  rather  astonishing 
growth  of  many  different  plants.  There 
was  in  part  an  irregular  scattering  of 
alfalfa.  There  was  considerable  quack 
which  somehow  or  other  had  managed 
to  survive  almost  three  months  of  fre¬ 
quent  summer  harrowings.  There 
were  parts  of  the  field  where  the  stand 
of  volunteer  wheat  was  so  uniform  and 
thick  that  at  a  little  distance  it  look¬ 
ed  like  a  very  good  crop.  Another 
prominent  growth  was  “clammy” 
cockle  or  “sticky”  cockle.  This  plant 
is  evidently  a  relative  of  the  familiar 
wheat  cockle.  It  is,  however,  smaller 
with  white  rather  than  reddish  flowers 
and  its  pods  are  stuffed  with  a  multi¬ 
tude  of  small,  brownish  seeds  instead 
of  the  big  black  seed  of  wheat  cockle. 
Its  name  of  “sticky”  cockle  comes  from 
the  fact  that  the  plant  is  often  coated 
with  a  viscid  gummy  substance  that 
suggests  half-dry  varnish. 

I  think,  however,  that  the  weed 
which  contributed  the  greatest  bulk  to 
the  crop  was  the  rough,  tall,  many- 
branched  plant  which  locally  is  always 
called  “fire-weed”  but  which  in  some 
localities  is  known  as  “horse-daisy.” 
It  bears  a  great  number  of  flowers 
which  are  almost  exactly  like  the  com¬ 
mon  white  daisy  except  for  the  fact 
that  they  are  very  much  smaller  and 
in  some  specimens  the  petals  are  rosy 
pink  instead  of  white.  It  is  always 
with  us  but  is  seldom  serious  except 
in  new  seeding.  I  have  noted  that 
when  early-cut,  cattle  eat  it  in  hay 
without  protest. 

Of  course,  this  is  far  from  a  com¬ 
plete  inventory  of  the  plants  that  made 
Up  the  crop.  There  was  considerable 
wild-mustard  which  may  be  regarded 


as  our  most  pernicious  weed.  Then 
there  was  a  sprinkling  of  red-clover 
and  our  old  friend  timothy-volunteers 
from  earlier  seedings.  All  in  all,  the 
whole  mess  made  up  about  as  un¬ 
promising  a  crop  as  could  well  be  im¬ 
agined.  Had  there  been  no  other  way 
of  utilizing  it,  I  do  not  think  we  would 
have  attempted  to  make  it  into  hay. 
What  we  did  was  to  put  the  whole  big 
tonnage  into  the  silo  along  with  about 
sixty  pounds  of  molasses  to  the  load — 
say  40  pounds  of  molasses  to  the  ton. 

The  results  were  highly  satisfac¬ 
tory.  When  the  herd  was  switched 
from  the  very  best  corn  silage  to  this 
weed-grass  ensilage  there  was  no 
measurable  change  in  milk  production, 
and  after  a  very  few  days  the  cows 
were  fairly  drinking  it  down  and 
sweeping  their  mangers  clean.  The 
lesson  seems  to  be  that  some  plants 
classed  as  weeds  make  palatable  silage 
and  produce  milk  about  as  well  as  our 
crops  of  better  repute.  In  this  case  it 
seems  certain  that  the  quack  and  the 
headed-out  and  half-ripe  wheat  were 
ideal  plants  for  ensiling.  Perhaps  it 
is  a  safe  assumption  that  inasmuch  as 
neither  cockle  nor  fire-weed  is  a  le¬ 
gume,  they  too  make  good  silage.  In 
our  experience,  alfalfa  even  with  a  lib¬ 
eral  amount  of  molasses  has  given  us 
a  product  that  was  very  dark  brown 
or  blackish  in  color.  Our  weed-grass 
mixture  came  out  brownish-yellow  in 
color  and  with  a  smell  that  may  fairly 
be  described  as  a  pleasant  fragrance. 

*  *  * 

This  year  we  have  only  six  acres  of 
corn  by  far  the  smallest  acreage  in 
more  than  forty  years  —  so  it  happens 
that  we  must  make  great  use  of  grass. 
As  far  as  that  is  concerned,  we  have 
alfalfa  until  we  do  not  know  how  we 
shall  be  able  to  handle  it  with  our 
present  labor  supply  or  where  we  shall 
find  room  to  mow  it. 

Two  years  ago  we  tore  down  three 
wooden  silos.  Two  of  them  were  going 
bad;  the  other  was  nearly  new.  In 
place  of  the  three,  we  put  up  one  con¬ 
crete-stave  silo  20  feet  in  internal 
diameter  and  45  feet  in  height,  with 
a  domed  metal  roof.  It  has  more  than 
14,000  cubic  feet  of  capacity  below  the 
eaves,  and  when  full  should  hold,  say, 
350  tons  of  corn  silage  or  400  tons  of 
grass.  In  two  years  of  use  we  have 
been  delighted  with  it. 

For  some  months  now  since  we  have 
foreseen  the  difficulty  in  securing  eith¬ 
er  molasses  or  phosphoric  acid,  we 
have  been  trying  to  gather  as  much 
information  as  possible  regarding  the 
ensiling  of  green  crops  other  than  corn, 
The  necessity  of  getting  along  without 
any  preservative  is  a  brand  new  prob¬ 
lem  and  our  ideas  are  based  on  what 
we  may  hope  to  expect,  rather  than 
upon  any  first-hand  experience. 

For  better  or  for  worse,  this  is  about 
what  we  shall  do  this  season.  To  be¬ 
gin  with  we  shall  buy  no  molasses  at 
$43.00  per  ton.  We  happen  to  have  a 
single  barrel  carried  over  from  last 
year  and  this  we  shall  use  at  the  rate 
of  about  30  pounds  per  load  instead  of 
the  60  pounds  which  we  have  used  in 
the  past. 

Neither  do  we  expect  to  use  ground 
wheat  or  corn  meal.  Theoretically, 
the  starch  in  these  materials  might  be 
expected  to  give  much  the  same 
chemical  reaction  as  the  sugar  in  mo¬ 
lasses  but  the  evidence  seems  to  be 
that  it  does  not  work  out  that  way  in 
actual  practice.  A  more  hopeful  view 
is  that  if  used  in  large  amounts  (ten 
per  cent  or  more  of  the  weight  of  the 


cut  green  material,  starch  may  do  the 
work  of  sugar. 

We  expect  to  do  considerable  haying 
before  putting  alfalfa  into  the  silo 
and  shall  wait  for  a  reasonable  degree 
of  maturity  in  the  crop.  From  our 
experience  last  year,  we  know  that 
quack  may  be  well  headed,  fire-weed  in 
full  bloom  and  volunteer  wheat  in  the 
dough  stage,  and  the  resulting  product 
satisfactory.  It  looks  as  if  most  of  our 
wheat  will  lodge  long  before  it  is  ma¬ 
ture,  so  we  may  use  a  good  deal  of 
this  alternating  wheat  and  alfalfa.  Our 
purest  stands  of  alfalfa  will  be  made 
into  hay,  and  for  the  silo  we  shall  use 
the  fields  that  have  the  largest  pro¬ 
portions  of  true  grasses  and  weeds.  It 
happens  that  we  have  only  three  acres 
of  timothy  on  the  farm.  This  state¬ 
ment  is  not  to  be  taken  as  meaning 
that  weeds  and  quack  are  preferable 
to  alfalfa  for  making  hay.  What  it 
does  mean  is  that  in  the  absence  of 
molasses  or  phosphoric  acid,  a  mixture 
of  almost  any  other  plants  is  prefer¬ 
able  to  pure  alfalfa. 

We  shall  use  a  tractor-mower  cut¬ 
ting  an  eight-foot  swath  and  carrying 
a  windrowing  device  that  will  leave 
the  crop  in  a  compact  windrow,  which 
has  the  advantage  of  being  easier  to 
gather  up  with  a  loader  and  will  not 
dry  out  too  quickly  on  a  hot,  bright 
day.  In  practice,  we  try  to  cut  the 
stuff  not  more  than  a  half  hour  ahead 
of  the  loader.  For  loading  we  use  a 
sturdy  type  of  raker-bar  loader.  I  do 
not  believe  the  cylinder  type  loader 
will  be  found  satisfactory  for  handling 
heavy  green  crops. 

To  pull  this  heavy  loader  requires 
plenty  of  power,  and  one  needs  a  truck 
or  tractor.  We  use  either  a  truck 
which  pulls  the  loader  that  loads  it  or 
else  a  farm  wagon  and  hay  rigging 
with  the  tractor  ahead  and  the  loader 
behind.  In  any  case,  the  motive  power 
should  be  throttled  down  to  almost  the 
lowest  possible  speed.  A  mile  an  hour 
is  fast  enough.  Any  level-headed 
school  boy  or  girl  may  do  the  driving. 
My  fourteen-year-old  High  School 
granddaughter  plans  to  be  the  trac- 
tioneer  this  summer.  We  find  in  prac¬ 
tice  that  ten  or  twelve  minutes  will 
suffice  to  load  a  ton  and  a  half  of  al¬ 
falfa.  One  man  does  the  loading,  and 
needless  to  say  it  is  no  job  for  a  little 
boy  or  old  man.  My  husky  son  handles 
the  heavy  stuff  (he  says)  without  un¬ 
due  fatigue.  Taking  care  of  the  steady 
stream  of  green  alfalfa  that  pours  off 
the  loader  is  a  matter  of  knack  rather 
than  main  strength  and  awkwardness. 

We  usually  have  only  one  man  pitch¬ 
ing  off.  Inasmuch  as  it  is  either  down 
hill  or  level  pitching  to  the  cutter- 
table,  one  able-bodied  man  gets  on 
very  well,'  providing  he  uses  his  head 
a  bit  and  ’does  not  get  flustered.  By 
quitting  time  he  will  know  he  has  done 
a  day’s  work.  It  is  our  estimate,  not 
too  exact  perhaps,  that  a  ton  of  grass 
or  alfalfa  may  be  put  into  the  silo  at 
less  than  one-half  of  the  labor  costs 
involved  in  siloing  a  ton  of  com. 


A  GOOD  BOOK 

Ray  Pollard,  long-time  county 
agent  of  good  old  Schoharie  Coun¬ 
ty,  New  York,  has  found  time  in 
his  busy  life  to  be  a  philosopher 
and  to  pass  that  helpful  philosophy 
of  cheerful  living  and  appreciation 
of  country  life  on  to  his  thousands 
of  friends. 

Some  time  ago,  Ray  wrote  a  little 
book  called  “Warm  Chimneys,” 
which  had  wide  sale  and  apprecia¬ 
tion.  Now  he  has  a  few  copies  left 
of  a  fine  little  volume  called  “Along 
the  Country  Road,”  for  sale  at  $1 
a  copy  postpaid  as  long  as  they 
last.  If  you  w'ant  to  gain  a  deeper 
appreciation  of  right  living  on  the 
land,  I  commend  this  book  to  you. 
Ray’s  address  is  Cobleskill,  N.  Y. 

— E.  R.  E. 


A.I  erican  Agriculturist,  August  1,  1942 


15  (437) 


POULTRY  HOUSE 
LABOR  SAVERS 

( Continued  from  Ftftge  5) 
with  a  1-in.  by  3-in.  diagonal  brace. 
Hardware  is:  two  3-in.  T  hinges,  two 
1-in.  awning  pulleys,  a  piece  of  sash 
cord,  a  1-in.  heavy  screw  eye,  and  a 
weight  sufficient  to  close  the  door  and 
hold  it  shut.  Usual  dimensions  of  the 
d’obr  are  from  30  in.  to  36  in.  wide  and 
6  ft.  high.  A  board  of  from  6  in.  to  10 
in:  wide  across  the  bottom  of  the  door- 
wdy  allows  the  door  to  swing  free  of 
the  floor  litter. 

7.  Picture  seven  shows  a  homemade 
deyice  for  turning  on  lights,  phe  block 
on  which  the  alarm  clock  sets  is  2  in. 
high,  3  in.  wide  and  4  in.  long,  placed 
crosswise  of  a  board  1  in.  by  4  in.  by 
29  in.  long.  The  block  near  the  middle 
is  IV2  in.  high  and  9  in.  from  the 
clock  end  of  the  baseboard,  and  the 
switch  is  14  y2  in.  from  the  clock  and  1 
in.  from  the  edge.  The  hinged  arm  is 


23  in.  long  and  tapered  from  2  in.  at  the 
hinge  end  to  1  in.  at  the  clock  end.  This 
has  a  No.  10  round-headed  screw  pro¬ 
jecting  y2  in.  from  the  arm.  The  screw 
sets  on  the  alarm  winding  key,  and 
when  it  goes  off,  the  arm  drops  and 
turns  on  the  switch.  Perhaps  an  ordi¬ 
nary  knife  switch  would  be  preferable 
to  the  one  shown  in  the  picture.  The 
block  shown  on  the  under  side  of  the 
arm  is  1V2  in.  long  and  extends  %  in. 
below  the  arm.  This  is  padded  with  y8 
in.  of  leather  or  rubber  to  cushion  the 
shock. 

— a.  a. — 

VO  EGG  GRARI AG  AAR 
MARKET! A G  SCHOOL 

The  1942  Northeastern  Egg  Grading 
and  Marketing  School  scheduled  to  be 
held  at  the  University  of  Connecticut, 
Storrs,  Connecticut,  on  September  7-10, 
has  been  postponed  indefinitely. 

Postponement  was  decided  upon  by 
the  Marketing  Committee  of  NEPPCO 
and  the  authorities  in  Connecticut  re¬ 
sponsible  for  the  School.  This  decision 
was  reached  only  after  careful  con¬ 
sideration  had  been  given  to  conditions 
affecting  such  gatherings. 

— a.  a.  — 

EGG  GRADES 

Exactly  what  is  covered  in  the  market 
report  by  the  quotation  on  “wholesale 
sales  of  fancy  and  extra-fancy  selections 
and  heavy  weights?” 

This  is  a  relatively  new  quotation  in 
the  New  York  City  egg  market,  and 
represents  the  price  at  which  high- 
quality,  large  white  eggs,  received 
from  the  Northeast,  are  sold  in  whole¬ 
sale  lots  in  New  York  City.  Before 
this  quotation  was  established,  some 
buyers  paid  premiums  over  quotations 
on  nearby  and  midwest  white  specials. 
In  general,  northeastern  eggs  are  of 
better  quality  than  this  grade.  You 
dan  keep  in  close  touch  with  the  ap¬ 
proximate  price  your  eggs  should  bring 
(that  is,  if  they  are  top  quality)  by 
watching  this  new  quotation. 

— A.A.— 

OATS  IV  EE  I* 

Is  there  any  basis  for  the  idea  that  the 
feeding  of  oats  tends  to  discourage  can¬ 
nibalism? 

Yes,  this  seems  to  work  out  for  a 
lot  of  poultrymen.  If  you  can  get 
good  heavy  oats,  they  can  be  fed  to 
ohicks  when  they  are  six  weeks  old. 
They,  of  course,  should  be  fed  in  ad¬ 
dition  to  the  regular  growing  brash. 


One  way  to  do  it  is  to  give  the  chicks 
free  access  to  oats.  Apparently  they 
do  not  eat  too  many. 

—a.  a. — 

EICE 

What  is  a  good  method  of  controlling 
hen  lice?  ' 

Dusting  the  hens  with  sodium  fluo¬ 
ride  is  effective,  and  there  are  a  num¬ 
ber  of  excellent  louse  powders  on  the 
market.  Perhaps  the  easiest  method 
is  to  spread  a  small  amount  of  Black 
Leaf  40  along  the  perches  with  an  oil 
can  a  short  time  before  the  birds  go 
to  roost.  This  product,  made  from 
tobacco,  vaporizes  during  the  night 
and  kills  lice. 


GLEflninGf 

Charles  M.  Gardner 


Editor  of  the  National  Grange 
Monthly  and  High  Priest  of  De¬ 
meter  of  the  National  Grange. 


A  RECENT  MEETING  of  Cobbossee 
Contee  Grange  at  West  Gardiner, 
Maine,  was  given  over  entirely  to  the 
grandmothers  of  the  community,  who 
were  paid  special  honor,  presented  with 
flowers,  and  otherwise  appropriately 
recognized.  Preparation  and  presenta¬ 
tion  of  the  very  attractive  evening’s 
program  was  wholly  in  the  hands  of  a 
great-grandmother,  who  performed  her 
unusual  task  with  decided  credit. 

*  *  * 

A  VACANCY  in  the  official  list  of 
Massachusetts  State  Grange  officers 
has  resulted  from  the  resignation  of 
Worthy  Stewart  Lesteh  R.  Hayward  of 
North  Reading,  whose  duties  as  an  R. 
F.  D.  carrier,  without  any  substitute 
available,  forced  him  to  take  this  step. 
The  Executive  Committee  has  named 
as  Acting  Steward,  until  the  State 
Grange  session  in  late  October,  Deputy 
Waldo  M.  Chamberlain  of  Needham,  a 
very  active  Grange  worker  and  a  Past 
Master  of  both  Needham  Subordinate 
and  Middlesex-Norfolk  Pomona. 

*  *  * 

RIDGEFIELD  GRANGE  in  Connecti¬ 
cut  recently  invited  the  clergymen 
of  the  town  to  attend  one  of  its  meet¬ 
ings  when  a  community  “Patriotic 
Night”  was  held.  All  the  clergymen 
responded,  several  gave  timely  talks, 
one  contributed  musical  numbers,  and 
everyone  agreed  it  was  a  happy  blend¬ 
ing  of  the  religious  interests  of  the 
town. 

*  *  * 

THE  NEW  YORK  State  Grange  will 
continue  for  another  year  the  award 
of  war  stamps  to  Subordinate  Granges 
which  achieve  a  list  of  12  goals  set  up 
for  1942  and  for  which  the  local  units 
are  striving  energetically.  Under  a 
similar  plan  last  year,  the  State  Grange 
paid  $338  in  war  stamps,  which  in  turn 
were  expected  to  furnish  a  stimulus  for 
the  purchase  of  war  bonds  by  the  win¬ 
ing  Granges.  There  is  every  indica¬ 
tion  that  a  much  larger  sum  will  be 
paid  out  by  the  State  Grange  for  such 
awards  this  year. 

*  *  * 

AT  JAFFREY,  New  Hampshire,  the 
Grange  recently  staged  a  “Public 
Night”,  to  which  all  the  other  organiza¬ 
tions  and  the  churches  of  the  commun¬ 
ity  were  invited.  Visitors  came  in  large 
numbers,  and  each  group  contributed 
interesting  features  to  the  evening’s 
entertainment  program. 

*  *  * 

THE  MEMBERS  of  Tunbridge  Grange, 
No.  384,  in  Vermont,  became  so  en¬ 
thusiastic  over  the  sale  of  war  stamps 
and  bonds  that  a  thorough  community 
canvass  was  decided  upon.  The  Grange 


membership  was  divided  into  two  teams 
for  a  contest  to  see  which  team  could 
sell  the  greater  number  of  bonds  and 
stamps  within  a  given  time  limit.  Every 
person*  in  the  community  was  reached, 
and  the  grand  total  of  sales  was  $1165. 
Pretty  good  for  a  Grange  with  only  50 
members,  located  in  one'  of  the  smallest 
rural  communities  in  the  heart  of  the 
Green  Mountain  State. 

*  *  * 

ADD  THREE  new  Juvenile  Grange  or¬ 
ganizations  to  the  roll  in  New  York 
State,  with  the  names  of  their  organiz¬ 
ers,  as  follows:  Galway  Juvenile,  No. 
512,  Saratoga  County,  organized  by 
Mrs.  Spencer  Kellogg;  Mountainside, 
No.  513,  Warren  County,  Mrs.  Ralph 
Hillis;  Arkwright  Center,  No.  514, 
Chautauqua  County,  Mrs.  Fred  S.  Pal¬ 
mer. 

*  *  * 

THE  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  of 
the  New  York  State  Grange  has  de¬ 
cided  on  Syracuse  as  the  convention 
city  for  the  70th  annual  session  of  the 
state  organization,  December  8-11. 

*  *  * 

DECISION  HAS  BEEN  reached  to.hold 
the  next  annual  session  of  the  Con¬ 
necticut  State  Grange  at  Hartford  the 
early  part  of  January,  rather  than  at 
Bridgeport  which  would  ordinarily  be 
the  1943  session  location. 


PROTECT  CHICKS  FOR  LIFE 


Against  TRACHEITIS  &  FOWL  POX 

Wene  U.S.  Licensed  Vaccines. 

Cost  is  less  than  one  egg  per  bird.  No 
yqVjw  physical  setback.  Information  free. 

Wene  Poultry  Laboratories,  Dept. V-H4, Vineland 


FREE  BOOK  ON 

POULTRY  DISEASES 


N.  J. 


Feeding  poultry  impregnated  charcoal  gets  results. 
Thousands  enthused  customers.  SINE,  Quakertown,  Pa. 


FALSE  TEETH 

AS  LOW  AS  $7.95 

Per  Plate,  DENTAL  PLATES 
are  made  in  our  own  laboratory 
from  your  personal  impression. 
Our  workmanship  and  material 
GUARANTEED  or  purchase  price  refunded.  We  take  this 
risk  on  our  60-day  trial  offer.  DO  NOT  SEND  ANY  MONEY! 
MAIL  POST  CARD  for  FREE  Material  and  Catalog  of  our 
LOW  PRICES.  DON’T  PUT  IT  OFF— Write  us  TODAJCl 
BRIGHTON  -  THOMAS  DENTAL  LABORuTOki 
Dept.  1277  6217  S.  Halstead  Street,  Chicago,  III. 


HOTEL  GREAT  NORTHERN 


Centrally  located  in  midtown 
New  York.  Near  Radio  City, 
theatres,  fine  shops.  Large  com¬ 
fortable  and  attractive  Ci 
|  ROOM  AND  BATH  from... 

AAA  Hotel.  Garage  ad¬ 
joins  our  111  West  56th 
St.  entrance.  Folder  per  day. 
118  WEST  57th  ST.,  NEW  YORK 


l2— 


Christmas  Cards : 

Samples  free. 


Sell  50  assorted  folders,  name 
imprinted  $1.00 — cost  you  50c. 

DUNBAR,  NEW  BRUNSWICK,  N.  J. 


To  profit  by  our  guarantee,  be  sure  to 
mention  American  Agriculturist  when  you 
write  to  advertisers. 


CHICHI 


We  SELECT 
Our  Egg  Sources 
■■send  for  this 

p 

i  We  have  selected  St 

_ _ 1  (by  test)  the  best  J 

i  —  egg-laying  strains  in  New  »- 

England  to  insure  our  customers  of  healthy,  O 
profit-producipg  chicks.  We  work  with  our  5* 
flock  owners  in  extensive  breeding  and  feed-  z 
ing  programs.  We  know  what  goes  into  q 
every  egg  and  what  comes  out  of  it.  < 

AID  Uncle  Sam’s  “ALL  OUT  FOR  VIC-  ^ 
TORY’’  program  of  poultry  pro-- 
duction  and- — -make  it  PROFIT¬ 
ABLE  with  HALL’S  Quality 
CHICKS.  All  chicks  from  Pul- 
lorum  Free  Stock,  shipped  pre¬ 
paid  and  Guar.  100%  Live  Delivery. 

HALL  BROTHERS  HATCHERY. 

INC.,  Box  59,  Wallingford,  Conn. 


WELL  BRED  from  WELL  BREEDERS 


WHITI/feOCK 


3  BABY 

CHICKS.. 

EGGS  FOR 
■  HATCHING 


no. 


too 


♦6 


id 


®  IOO 

Special  Price  on  LARGE  ORDERS 
All  Eggs,  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100% 
State  Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube  Agglut.  TOL- 
MAN’S  CHICKS  famous  for  RAPID  GROWTH. 
EARLY  MATURITY,  Profitable  EGG  YIELD. 
Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters  or 
market  eggs.  Send  tor  FREE  Circular •. 

1  TJ-H  ■!  1  SPECIALIZE  ONE  BREED,  ONE 
•»1  4  Jll  GRADE  at  ONE  PRICE. 

- - .  Dent.  B, 

ROCKLAND 

MASS. 


TOLMAN 


Leland  A.  Sisson,  R.  I,  Wqpterlo,  N.  Y. 


19  years  breeding- 
more  big  eggs,  good  meat,  more  profits 
15,000  breeders  N.  H.-U.  S.  Ap¬ 
proved  Pullorum  Clean.  New  Hamp- 
shires  or  Crossbred  Chicks.  Write 


MOUL’S  Brentwood  POULTRY  FARMS 

BOX  A,  EXETER.  N.  H. 


REDUCED  SUMMER  PRICES 

WENE  <r CHICKS 


Leading  pure  or  crossbreeds.  Sexed.  U.  S.  bJ‘.  J.  Approved.  Blood- 
tested.  Hatches  weekly  year  around.  Literature  FREE. 

WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  Box  h-4  VINELAND,  N.  J. 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


Hatches  Mon.-Tues.-Wed.-Thurs.  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ $8.00  $14.00  $2.50 

Black  or  White  Minorcas _  8.00  14.00  3.00 

B.  &W.  Rox,  R.  I.  Reds,  W.  Wy.  8.00  12.00  7.00 

Red-Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross—  8.00  12.00  7.00 

Jersey  White  Giants _ 10.00  12.00  9.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAA  SUP. ) _ 1 2. 00  16.00  7.00 

H.  Mix  $7;  HEAVY  BROILER  CHIX,  no  sex  guar., 
$6.75;  STARTED  LEG.  PLTS.,  3  to  6  wks.  old.  Breed¬ 
ers  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D.,  100%  live  del.  Postage 
Paid.  AMERICAN  SEXORS  ONLY.  95%  Accuracy. 

C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY.  Box  A,  McAlisterville.  Pa. 


C/ie&t&v  Jali&y  Chine  | 


VIM-VIGOR-VITALITY 


CASH  OR  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Ckls. 

Special  Mating  Hanson  Str.  100  100  100 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS  _ $9.00  $16.00  $3.00 

Large  English  S.  C.  Wh.  Leghorns  8.00  15.00  3.00 

Bar.  &  Wh.  Rocks,  R.  I.  Reds— _  9.00  12.00  8.00 

Red-Rock  Cross  &  Rock-Red  Cross-10.00  13.00  8.00 

New  Hampshire  Reds  Special  AAA_  12.00  16.00  8.00 

Heavy  Mixed  $8 — 100.  Heavy  Broiler  Ckls.  (our  selec¬ 
tion)  $6 — 100.  All  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Post-Paid 
Sexing  guar.  95%  accurate.  Order  direct  from  adv.  or 
write  for  FREE  actual  photo  cat.  giving  full  informa¬ 
tion  of  our  Breeders  and  Breeding  Program. 

Chester  Valley  Hatchery,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


ULSH  FARMS  CHICKS 

All  Breeders  carefully  culled  and  Bloodtested.  Order 
direct.  Satisfaction  and  safe  arrival  Guar.  Cat.  Free 
Shipments  Mon.  &  Thurs.  —  Unsexed.  Pullets,  Cock’ls 
Postage  Paid.  Will  Ship  C.O.D,  per  100  per  100  per  100 
Large  White  or  Brown  Leghorns_$8.00  $14.00  $3.00 

Black  Leghoms  or  Anconas _  8.50  15.00  4.00 

Barred,  White  &  Buff  Rocks _  8.50  12.00  8^00 

R.  I.  Reds — New  Hampshires _  8.50  12.50  7.50 

Red-Rocks  or  Rock-Red  Cross _  8.50  12.00  8.00 

Heavy  or  Light  Assorted _  7.00  12.00  6.50 

IMMEDIATE  DEL.  Sexing  95%.  Our  21st  year. 
ULSH  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A,  Port  Trevorton,  Pa. 


CLEAR  SPRING  CHICKS 


95%  Guar.  Pullets 
100%  live  del. 

Our  Famous  Hanson  Leghoms _ 

Large  Type  English  Leghoms _ 8.00 

Wh.  &  Bar.  Rocks,  R.  I.  Reds _ 

N.  H.  Reds  &  Red-Rock  Cross 

Heavy  Mixed - 7.00 

All  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Postpaid.  1942  Catalog  FREE. 

CLEAR  SPRING  HATCHERY, 

F.  B.  LEISTER,  Owner,  Box  51.  McAlisterville.  Pa. 


3 


Str. 

Pult’s 

Ckls. 

100 

100 

100 

$9.00 

$16.00 

$3.00 

.  3.00 

15.00 

3.00 

9.00 

12.00 

8.00 

10.00 

13.00 

8.00 

7.00 

6.00 

SQUABS 


war  s-q-u-a-b-s  wanted 

Raised  in  25  days,  top  poultry  prices.  Why  breed  for 
small  profit  trade?  City  marketmen  want  all  you  can 
ship.  Free  book  has  detailed  accounts  by  know-how 
breeders.  Write  today  for  it  and  our  low 
prices  for  easily-raised  war-time  food. 

RICE  FARM,  206  How.  St..  Melrose,  Mass. 


Coming  to - 

PHILADELPHIA? 

Rooms  with  Bath  for 

HOTEL  Radios  in  Every  Room 

PHILADELPHIAN 

39TH  AND  CHESTNUT  STREETS 
PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 


(•1213)  16 


1  part  water  and  3  parts  vinegar  for 
4  to  6  days.  Drain  and  discard  the 
vinegar,  pack  the  vegetables  into  glass 
jars.  Heat  plain  or  spiced  vinegar  just 
to  boiling  point  and  pour  over  the 
pickles,  completely  filling  the  jars. 
Partially  seal  the  jars,  process  in  hot 
water  bath  for  3  minutes,  counting 
time  after  the  bath  begins  active  boil¬ 
ing;  complete  the  seal. 

Spiced  Vinegar  for  Sour  Pickles 

For  each  2  quarts  of  pickles  allow 
1  quart  of  spiced  vinegar: 

I  quart  cider  vinegar  Vi  tablespoon  whole  cloves 
i/2  cup  sugar  Vi  tablespoon  mustard  seed 

Vi  tablespoon  celery  seed  Vi  tablespoon  peppercorns 


BY  MRS.  GRACE 


WE  HAVE  received  many  let¬ 
ters  from  women  asking  us 
whether  the  government  will 
allow  extra  sugar  for  the 
making  of  pickles  and  relishes.  The 
answer  to  that  question  seems  to  be, 
“No.”  Apparently,  any  sugar  for 
pickle  making  must  come  out  of  your 
regular  sugar  ration,  or  out  of  the 
small  amount  allowed  for  the  making 
of  jams,  jellies,  etc.  (one  pound  per 
person,  per  year).  For  this  reason,  we 
are  specializing  this  time  on  pickle 
recipes  requiring  little  or  no  sugar. 

If  you  need  to  substitute  other  sweet¬ 
ening  for  part  of  the  sugar  either  in 
the  following  recipes  or  in  some  of 
your  old  favorites,  here  are  some  rules 
to  follow : 

Instead  of  1  cup  granulated  sugar, 
use 

1  y2  cups  cane  or  maple  sirup 
OR  2  cups  corn  sirup 
OR  %  cup  honey 

HALF  of  the  total  sweetening  in  a 
canning  or  pickling  recipe  may  be 
honey.  ONE-THIRD  of  the  total  may 
be  corn  sirup. 

Also,  light  cane  sirup,  not  dark  mo¬ 
lasses,  may  be  substituted,  measure 
for  measure,  instead  of  brown  sugar 
called  for  in  some  pickle  recipes.  Then 
cook  the  mixture  a  few  minutes  longer 
than  specified,  in  order  to  reduce  the 
liquid. 

Pickles  of  best  flavor  and  texture 
are  made  from  salt  stock  and  take 
from  4  to  8  weeks  to  cure.  Then  they 
can  be  freshened  and  made  into  sweet 
or  sour  pickles  or  combined  with  other 
vegetables  to  make  mustard  or  mixed 
pickles. 

Cucumber  Salt  Stock 

12  pounds  (Vi  bushel)  9  quarts  brine  (2</2  gal- 
cueumbers  Ion)  soft  water 

2  pounds  (about  3'/4  cups)  cooking  salt 

Make  brine  of  soft  water  and  salt. 
It  should  just  float  a  fresh  egg;  it  is 
10%  or  40°  brine  by  the  salipometer. 
If  water  is  hard,  add  y2  cup  Vinegar. 
Select  round,  firm,  unbruised  cucum¬ 
bers  and  use  them  within  24  hours  af¬ 
ter  they  are  picked.  Weigh;  pack  in¬ 
to  4-gallon  crock  or  paraffined  wooden 
container  and  cover  with  brine.  Cover 
with  a  plate  that  will  hold  them  well 
below  the  surface  of  the  brine.  Cover 
with  a  clean  cloth,  set  in  fairly  warm 
place,  80°  to  85°  F.,  to  aid  fermenta¬ 
tion.  If  you  wish  to  hasten  fermenta¬ 
tion,  add  3  tablespoons  sugar  when 
mixing  brine. 

Every  few  days  remove  scum  that 
forms,  being  careful  not  to  mix  it  into 
the  brine.  If  you  have  a  salinometer, 
test  the  strength  of  the  brine  which 
should  never  fall  below  10%.  It  is  con¬ 
stantly  being  diluted  by  the  cucumber 
“  juices.  At  the  end  of  the  first  day, 
place  1  pound,  3  ounces  (about  1% 
cup)  of  salt  on  the  plate  where  it  will 
gradually  dissolve.  At  the  end  of  each 
week  for  5  weeks  put  about  y2  cup 
salt  on  the  plate.  Curing  is  complete 
When  fermentation  stops  and  the  brine 
stops  bubbling  and  scumming.  The 
cured  cucumbers  should  be  somewhat 
Crisp  and  though  strongly  salt  should 
have  a  good  fermented  flavor.  To 


WATKINS  HUCKETT 


store,  carefully  skim  and  test  tO'  see 
if  the  brine  is  about  15%  or  60°  on 
the  salinometer.  The  container  may 
then  be  set  in  a  cool  place  and  the 
surface  of  the  brine  covered  with  melt¬ 
ed  paraffin  to  seal  it  from  the  air.  It 
is  better,  however,  to  place  the  salt 
stock  in  2-  or  4-quart  glass  jars;  fill 
them  with  cucumbers,  cover  with  their 
brine  and  seal  air  tight.  The  cucum¬ 
bers  should  be  used  fairly  soon  or  they 
will  deteriorate  slightly. 

Cure  Other  Vegetables 

Other  vegetables  may  be  cured  in 
the  same  way  and  used  later  for  pickle. 
Carrots  are  washed  and  scraped  if  de¬ 
sired;  cauliflower  heads  may  be  left 
whole  or  broken  into  flowerets  and 
washed;  corn  is  husked,  silk  removed 
but  kernels  are  left  on  the  cob;  green 
tomatoes  are  washed  and  drained;  pep¬ 
pers  are  washed  and  packed  point 
downward  in  the  container  (suspend 
the  weighted  cover  in  order  to  avoid 
crushing  them);  snap  beans  are 
washed  and  broken  or  cut  in  pieces  if 
large.  Dry  small,  silver-skin  onions 
on  trays  for  one  or  two  weeks,  then 
soak  in  warm  water  for  about  30  min¬ 
utes.  They  then  peel  easily.  Peel, 
trim  and  soak  in  fresh  water  changed 
2  or  3  times  a  day  for  several  days 
before  brining. 

To  freshen  cucumber  salt  stock, 
drain  off  brine  and  cover  pickles  with 
fresh  water  which  feels  fairly  hot  to 
the  hands.  Keep  at  the  same  tem¬ 
perature  for  6  to  12  hours,  changing 
water  once  or  twice  and  stirring  fre¬ 
quently.  Do  not  try  to  remove  all  salt 
as  some  is  needed  for  flavor.  When 
freshened  enough,  drain  and  use  for 
salt,  sour  or  sweet  pickles. 

Freshen  cauliflower,  onions,  and 
snap  bean  salt  stock  by  draining  off 
the  brine  and  covering  with  fresh 
water.  Simmer  the  mixture  for  20 
minutes  and  allow  the  vegetables  to 
cool  in  the  water.  Rinse  the  vege¬ 
tables  with  fresh  water  and  use  the 
stock  for  sour  or  sweet  pickles.  Soak 
the  freshened  stock  in  a  mixture  of 


Mix  vinegar  and  sugar,  tie  spices 
loosely  in  piece  of  cheesecloth  and  boil, 
covered,  with  the  vinegar  for  5  min¬ 
utes.  Let  stand  overnight.  Remove 
spices  before  reheating  vinegar  to  boil¬ 
ing  point;  pour  over  the  pickles  in  the 
jars. 

Sweet  Cucumber  Pickles 


I  gallon  good  vinegar 
I  small  piece  horseradish 
I  tablespoon  ground  cin¬ 
namon 

1/2  tablespoon  allspice 


I  tablespoon  alum 
5  tablespoons  ground 
mustard 

I  teaspoon  saccharine 
(4  cup  salt 


Mix  all  in  jar  and  put  in  small  to 
medium  cucumbers.  They  can  be  put 
in,  a  few  each  day  as  gathered,  or  all 
at  one  time. 

This  recipe  is  usefuK  where  one  in 
the  family  has  diabetes,  since  it  re¬ 
quires  no  sugar.  Yet  when  used  in 
normal  amounts  the  recipe  is  equally 
good  for  other  people.  Also  there  is 
less  likelihood  of  shriveling  the 
pickles,  since  too  much  sugar  or  too 
much  salt  may  be  responsible  for  this 
happening.  However,  remember  that 
saccharine  is  exceedingly  sweet  and  it 
is  easy  to  get  too  much. 


Dillecl  Cucumber  or  Green 
Tomatoes 

40  to  50  cucumbers  or  green  I  pint  vinegar 

tomatoes  I  pound  salt 

2  ounces  mixed  pickle  spices  4  tablespoons  sugar 
Fresh  or  dried  dill  2  gallons  water 

Use  fresh-picked  cucumbers  or  green 
tomatoes  of  uniform  size  and  free  from 
blemish.  Wash  them  well  and  drain. 
Into  a  5-gallon  crock  place  a  layer  of 
dill  and  spice.  Fill  the  jar  with  the 
cucumbers  or  tomatoes  to  within  4  or 
5  inches  of  the  top.  Mix  the  vinegar, 
salt,  sugar,  and  water,  and  pour  over 
the  vegetable.  Place  a  layer  of  dill 
over  the  top,  Cover  with  a  heavy 
plate  and  weight  it  down  to  hold  the 
vegetable  under  the  brine.  Use  only 
enough  brine  to  cover,  for  as  the 
liquid  is  drawn  from  the  vegetable  the 
jar  may  overflow.  Each  day  remove 
the  scum  that  forms  over  the  top  and 
keep  the  pickles  at  even  room  tem¬ 
perature,  about  70°  or  as  warm  as  86" 
F.  if  possible.  In  afjout  2  weeks  the 
pickles  are  ready  to  use— crisp,  well- 
flavored  with  dill,  and  clear  throughout 
with  no  white  spots  when  cut. 

For  storage,  pack  the  cured  pickles 
in  sterilized  quart  glass  jars,  and  add 


Aunt  Janet’s  Favorite  Recipe 

GREENS  need  not  always  mean  spinach.  Beet  tops,  chard,  dandelions, 
mustard,  turnip,  watercress  and  the  wild  greens,  poke  salad,  purs¬ 
lane,  pigweed  and  lambsquarters  give  vitamines  andvminerals  which  every¬ 
body  needs  —  that  is,  if  they  are  cooked  properly.  Stuffing  greens  makes 
them  go  over  better  with  members  of  the  family  who  may  think  they  don’t 
like  greens. 

STUFFED  GREENS 

Cook  until  tender  in  as  little  water  as  possible  about  two  pounds  of 
prepared  greens,  or  enough  to  make  about  a  quart  when  cooked.  Drain, 
chop  fine,  add  salt,  pepper  and  butter  to  taste.  Line  a  greased  baking  pan 
with  chopped  greens,  cover  with  a  layer  of  stuffing  and  spread  on  top  an¬ 
other  layer  of  greens.  Cover  with  a  layer  of  buttered  bread  crumbs  and 
place  three  thin  slices  of  bacon  across  the  top.  Bake  in  moderate  oven  for 
20  minutes.  Serve  on  a  hot  platter  with  horseradish  or  cheese  sauce. 

Stuffing 

1  cup  bread  crumbs  1  teaspoon  horseradish  sauce 

%  cup  chopped  cold  ham  or  beef  Crushed  tomatoes,  canned  or 

1  tablespoon  butter  fresh,  to  moisten 

1  tablespoon  chopped  onion 

Mix  thoroughly. 


Ar  erican  Agriculturist,  August  1,  19  ”2 


The  Amateur  Poet’s 
Corner 


Because  of  the  number  of  contributions 
we  do  not  return  poems  not  published. 
Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

The  limit  in  length  is  sixteen  (16)  lines 
and  each  poem  submitted  for  this  cornei' 
must  be  original  and  the  work  of  an 
amateur  poet.  Therefore,  when  sending 
in  a  poem,  be  sure  to  state  whether  you 
are  the  author  of  it.  $2.00  will  be  paid 
for  each  one  printed.  Check  will  be  mail¬ 
ed  on  or  about  the  first  day  of  month 
following  publication.  v 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist,  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

LIFE  GOES  ON 

The  glowing  pinks,  the  candid  whites 
Of  breath-taking  cosmos  bloom 
Can  lift  the  spirit  to  peaceful  heights 
Where  the  heart  may  hope  resume. 

The  intrepid  eagle’s  skyward  soar, 
The  thrush’s  evening  lullaby, 

Cannot  be  changed  by  greed  or  war, 
Though  many  a  good  man  die. 

Tyrants  drive  and  blood  will  flow; 
Crops  and  homes  are  blasted,  gone. 
But  buds  and  babes  will  surely  grow — 
The  best  of  life  goes  on. 

— Madeline  Benedict, 
Meriden,  Conn. 


y2  cup  of  vinegar  to  each.  Fill  up  the 
jars  with  the  pickle  brine,  which  has 
been  strained,  boiled  and  cooled.  Seal 
the  jars  airtight  and  store  in  a  cool 
dry  place. 

Quick  Process  Pickles 

Chow  Chow 

6  quarts  sliced  green  to-  4  cups  sugar 

matoes  2  tablespoons  salt 

2  quarts  (scant)  sliced  3  cups  water 

onions  3  tablespoons  mustard  seed 

2  quarts  chopped  cabbage  5  tablespoons  celery  seed 

5  cups  vinegar  5  red  peppers 

3  green  peppers 
IN  CHEESECLOTH  BAG: 

3  tablespoons  whole  cloves  2  tablespoons  whole  allspice 

2  sticks  cinnamon 

Soak  sliced  tomatoes  and  onions 
overnight  in  brine  to  cover.  Allow  % 
cup  salt  per  quart  of  water.  Drain, 
grind  all  vegetables  coarsely,  combine 
with  other  ingredients  and  cook  until 
tender.  Pack  in  clean  hot  jars  and 
seal.  (Portions  specified  make  about 
10  pints.) 


Corn  Relish 


18  ears  sweet  corn  cooked 
on  cob 

1  small  head  cabbage 
4  green  peppers 

2  red  peppers 
I  cup  sugar 

I  cup  corn  or  cane  sirup 
*/3  cup  salt 


2  onions 

I  tablespoon  celery  seed 

I  tablespoon  white  mus¬ 
tard  seed 

I  quart  vinegar  with 
enough  water  to  cover 
mixture  (about  %  cup 
water) 


Chop  cabbage  and  peppers,  cut  cook¬ 
ed  corn  from  cob,  combine  with  other 
ingredients,  cook  y2  hour.  Pack  in 
hot  clean  jars  and  seal.  (Portions 
given  make  about  4 y2  pints.) 


Mustard  Pickles 


2  cups  small  cucumbers, 
about  2  inches  long 
2  cups  large  cucumbers, 
sliced 

2  cups  pickling  onions 
2  cups  small  green  toma¬ 
toes,  cut  in  halves  or 
quarters 

2  cups  cauliflower,  cut  in 
small  pieces 
I  cup  snap  beans,  cut 
diagonally  in  I  -  inch 
pieces 

I  cup  carrots,  small  or 
sliced 


3  red  peppers,  seeded 
and  chopped 

3  green  peppers,  seeded 
and  chopped 

l'/2  quarts  vinegar,  hot 
Also  3  cups  vinegar  for 
soaking 
%  cup  sugar 
I  cup  corn  or  cane  sirup 
6  tablespoons  flour 
I  teaspoon  celery  salt 

4  tablespoons  powdered 
mustard 

•/2  tablespoon  tumeric 


If  salt  stock  is  used,  freshen  it,  then 
cut  into  pieces.  If  fresh  vegetables  are 
used,  cut,  soak  overnight  in  brine  made 
by  dissolving  1  cup  salt  in  4  quarts 
water — drain.  Soak  drained  vegetables 
1  hour  each  time  in  2  changes  of  clear 
water;  drain.  Cover  vegetables  with  a 
mixture  of  3  cups  vinegar  and  3  water; 
let  stand  for  24  hours.  Heat  to  boil¬ 
ing,  drain;  discard  liquid.  Mix  sweet¬ 
ening,  flour,  and  spices.  Add  the  IV2 
quarts  hot  vinegar  slowly,  stirring  to 
a  smooth  paste.  Cook  over  hot  water 
until  thickened.  Pour  over  drained 
vegetables  while  they  are  hot,  stir 
thoroughly,  pack  into  sterile  hot  jars 
and  seal. 


At  lerican  Agriculturist,  August  1,  1942 

3*17 


two  holes,  fasten  the  thread  and  then 
sew  through  the  other  two  holes.  If 
one  thread  breaks,  the  other  will  hold 
the  button. 

If  the  place  where  a  button  has  been 
sewed  on  is  worn  out,  take  a  button 
from  an  old  garment  with  enough 
cloth  attached  to  it  to  act  as  a  patch. 
Push  the  button  through  the  wornout 
spot  and  hem  down.  This  makes  a 
good  reinforcement. 

To  replace  buttonholes,  use  a  but¬ 
tonhole  of  the  same  size  from  a  dis¬ 
carded  garment  and  sew  it  like  a  patch 
to  the  garment. 

In  re-buttonholing  wornout  button* 
holes,  run  the  thread  over  a  piece  of 
beeswax  to  prevent  kinking. 


Pesidanal  PtialdewA, 


Watr  Makes  Changes 

Dear  Lucfie :  I’m  25  years  old.  The 
boy  to  whom  I’m  practically  engaged  is 


17  (439) 

in  the  army  and  wants  me  to  visit  him 
at  camp.  He  would  like  for  us  to  marry 
and  have  me  live  near  camp.  What  do 
you  think  I  should  do?— Mary. 

Under  ordinary  circumstances,  it 
might  not  be  considered  the  proper 
thing  for  you  to  visit  your  friend  at 
his  camp  but  in  light  of  the  fact  that 
his  future  leaves  are  all  canceled  and 
that  he  is  lonely  and  likely  to  be  sent 
away  at  any  time,  I  think,  if  there  are 
proper  lodging  accommodations,  it 
might  be  permissible  for  you  to  go. 
After  all,  you  are  25  years  old  .  .  .  old 
enough  to  behave  and  take  care  of 
yourself,  and  you  are  engaged  to  the 
young  man. 

On  the  matter  of  your  getting  mar¬ 
ried  while  at  his  camp  and  living  near, 
I  do  not  feel  competent  to  advise  you. 
It  seems  that  it  is  something  you  would 
have  to  think  through  carefully.  May¬ 
be  you’ll  be  more  decided,  one  way  or 
another,  when  you  see  the  young  man 
and  talk  with  him. 

—  A.  A.— 

buy  war  bonds  and  stamps 


YOUTH  STEPS  OUT 


WESKIT  DRESS  No.  3391  is 
adorable  for  little  girls,  sizes  2  to 
8.  Make  this  basque  frock  in  fresh, 
tubable  cotton.  Size  4,  1%  yds.  35- 
in.  fabric,  with  y2  yd.  35-in.  contrast¬ 
ing.  For  panties,  included  in  pattern, 
%  yd.  35-in. 

DIRNDL  No.  3417  is  the  most  pic¬ 
turesque  of  “shirt  ’n’  skirt”  fashions. 
The  peasant  style  blouse  can  be  most 
colorful  in  cotton  fabric  and  ric-rac 
braid.  Sizes  8  to  16.  Size  12,  for 
skirt,  2%  yds.  35-in.  fabric  with  714 
yds.  braid;  for  blouse,  114  yds.  35-in. 
fabric  with  2 14  yds.  ruffling  and  114 
yds.  braid. 

The  younger  set  like  their  suit- 
dresses  too.  No.  3103,  made  of  cool 
gingham  or  seersucker,  is  one  your 
daughter  would  love.  Sizes  6  to  14. 
Size  8,  2%  yds.  35-in.  fabric. 

No.  3062,  the  shirtwaist  dress,  is  as 
smart  for  a  girl  as  it  is  for  a  grownup, 
for  the  summer  and  to  keep  on  Wear¬ 
ing  when  she  goes  to  school.  Sizes  8 
to  16.  Size  12,  3  yds.  35-in.  fabric. 
The  useful  suspender  skirt  and 


blouse  take  a  novel  turn  in  No.  3433 
whose  skirt  has  a  built-up  top.  Have 
a  number  of  blouses  for  variety’s  sake. 
Sizes  4  to  14.  Size  8,  for  skirt,  1% 
yds.  35-in.  fabric;  for  long-sleeved 
blouse,  1%  yds.  35-in.  fabric. 

For  tots  and  toddlers,  sweetly  simple 
dress  No.  3016  can  have  its  yoke  and 
front  panel  emphasized  with  binding 
or  ruffling.  Make  up  in  small-pattern¬ 
ed  material  suitable  for  wee  figures. 
Sizes  6  mos.,  1,  2,  and  3  yrs.  Size  2 
for  dress,  1%  yds.  35-in.  fabric  with 
%  yd.  for  collar  and  ruffling;  or  for 
collarless  dress,  1%  yds,  35-in.  with 
2%  yds.  ruffling.  For  panties,  %  yd. 
fabric. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address, 
pattern  size  and  number  clearly  and 
inclose  15c  in  stamps.  Address  Pat¬ 
tern  Dept.,  American  Agriculturist,  10 
North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 
Charming  designs  are  shown  in  colors 
in  our  Fashion  Book.  Price  just  12 
cents.  Send  now  for  your  copy!  SPEC¬ 
IAL  OFFER:  1  copy  of  Fashion  Book 
and  1  pattern  for  25c. 


BUTTONS  AND 
BUTTONHOLES 

Mending  Lesson  No.  11 

By  MILDRED  CARNEY, 

Cornell  Clothing  Specialist. 

WHEN  SEWING  on  buttons,  use  a 
double  thread.  Use  a  knot  and 
hide  it  under  the  button  by  taking  a 
stitch  on  the  top  side. 

Place  the  button  in  position.  If  the 
button  has  two  holes  place  a  toothpick, 


pick,  etc.  Hold  the  button  away  from 
the  fabric  and  wind  the  thread  around 
the  threads  which  hold  the  button. 
Bring  the  thread  through  to  the  wrong 
side  and  finish  off  securely.  (Fig.  3.) 

By  winding  the  thread  between  the 
button  and  the  fabric  a  shank  is  form¬ 
ed  which  permits  the  buttonhole  to 


n 


Fig.  3 


i<S%- 


D 


nail,  or  pin  across  the  top  of  the  but¬ 
ton  to  keep  the  thread  loose.  (See 

Fig-  1.) 

When  sufficient  stitches  have  been 
taken  to  make  the  button  secure,  bring 
the  needle  out  between  the  button  and 
fabric.  (Fig.  2.)  Remove  the  tooth- 


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slip  easily  over  the  button. 

If  there  is  to  be  unusual  strain  on 
a  button,  reinforce  it  with  a  piece  of 
material  folded  into  a  small  square,  or 
a  piece  of  tape.  Sew  this  on  the  wrong- 
side  at  the  same  time  the  button  is 
sewed  on  the  right  side  or  stitch  it  in 
place  before  sewing  on  the  button.  The 
place  can  also  be  reinforced  with  rows 
of  machine  stitching. 

For  heavy  woolen  material,  use  a 
small  button  on  the  wrong  side  to  re¬ 
inforce  the  large  button. 

For  men’s  and  boys’  overcoats,  over¬ 
alls,  and  suits,  use  heavy  carpet  thread 
or  heavy  string  for  sewing  on  buttons. 

For  four-holed  buttons  sew  through 


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TWO  BEAUTIFUL 
DOUBLE  WEIGHT 
PROFESSIONAL 


(440)  IS 


Ar  xerican  Agriculturist,  August  1,  1942 


Kernels,  Screenings 
and  Chaff 

By  H.  E.  BABCOCK 


THE  PROCESS  of  building  up 
the  dictatorial  powers  of  ad¬ 
ministrative  officers  is  always 
a  gradual  one.  Usually  the  au¬ 
thorization  of  unusual  powers  is 
made  in  an  attempt  to  deal  with 
real  or  imagined  emergencies.  Often 
emergencies  are  a  product  of  admin¬ 
istrators  who  create  them  for  the 
sole  purpose  of  securing  authority 
to  deal  with  them. 

Responsibility  Fixed 

One  of  the  possibly  desirable 
products  of  the  delegation  of  author¬ 
ity  by  legislative  bodies  is  that  such 
action  fixes  responsibility.  Right 
now  responsibility  is  fixed  on 
three ,  possibly  four ,  federal  offi¬ 
cials  for  the  preservation  of  sound 
agriculture  in  the  country.  Of 
course,  the  chief  of  these  officials  is 
the  President  of  the  United  States. 
No  President  in  the  history  of  the 
United  States  has  ever  been  given 
the  powers  or  assumed  the  respon¬ 
sibility  Mr.  Roosevelt  now  carries. 

Next  to  the  President,  in  his  pow¬ 
er  over  agriculture,  comes  Paul  V. 
McNutt,  head  of  the  Manpower 
Commission.  McNutt  can  bleed 
agriculture  of  its  manpower.  What 
he  will  do  remains  to  be  seen.  From 
my  slight  contact  with  him,  how¬ 
ever,  and  the  observations  of  others, 
/  get  no  assurance  that  MclSutt 
understands  agriculture  or  has 
any  appreciation  of  its  importance 
in  our^  national  economy. 

Next  to  McNutt  in  his  power  over 
agriculture  and  more  immediately 
destined  to  wreck  or  to  protect  our 
rural  economy  comes  Leon  Hender¬ 
son  in  charge  of  price  control.  I  have 
only  met  Henderson  once,  but  I 
have  read  carefully  many  of  his 
statements  in  which  he  mentions 
agriculture.  My  conclusion  is  that 
Henderson  does  not  understand 
the  processes  of  agriculture  and, 
what  is  worse,  he  is  convinced  by 
the  activities  of  certain  farm  organ¬ 
ization  lobbies  as  that  all  farmers 
are  selfish.  If  Henderson  stays  in 
power,  I  look  for  agriculture  to  be 
very  roughly  handled,  if  not  starved, 
to  a  point  where  this  country  will 
suffer  eventually  from  food  and 
fibre  shortages. 

Secretary  of  Agriculture 

In  analyzing  the  dictators  who 
have  been  established  by  Congres¬ 
sional  action,  I  have  not  mentioned 
the  Secretary  of  Agriculture. 

As  I  see  the  Washington  situa¬ 
tion,  Claude  Wickard  is  the  key  man 
of  agriculture  today.  He  is  the  first 
Secretary  of  Agriculture  1  have 
seen  in  the  office  who  by  any 
stretch  of  the  imagination  could 
make  a  living  on  a  farm.  Like  Mc¬ 
Nutt  and  Henderson  he  possesses1 
enormous  delegated  powers.  I  be¬ 
lieve  that  he  will  use  these  powers 
wisely  and  patriotically.  I  do  not  be¬ 
lieve,  however,  that  he  can  prevent 
McNutt  from  bleeding  farms  of 
their  manpower,  or  Henderson  from 


destroying  the  productivity  of  agri¬ 
culture  through  price  control,  unless 
he  has  the  support  of  all  of  the 
farmers  in  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

LABIA©  CLOVER 

To  date  our  experience  with  Ladino 
clover  has  been  almost  exciting.  We 
have  wonderful  stands  of  it  in  mead¬ 
ows  and  pastures.  Catches  have  been 
secured  under  a  wide  variety  of  con¬ 
ditions.  For  example,  we  have  thick 
stands  of  ladino  in  meado>vs  where  the 
seed  was  sown  directly  on  old  sod  very 
early  in  the  spring.  We  have  pastures 
in  which  a  thick  stand  of  ladino  is  es¬ 
tablishing  itself  where  not  more  than 
a  pound  of  seed  has  been  scattered  on 
the  surface  in  September.  We  also  have 
a  good  many  acres  of  ladino  and  grass 
seedings  put  in  with  small  grains  which 
this  year  are  producing  a  lot  of  splen¬ 
did  feeding  hay. 

Somewhere  we  have  heard  that 
ladino  clover  shows  up  better  when 
first  introduced  on  a  farm  than  it  does 
later.  Were  it  not  for  this  bit  of  warn¬ 
ing,  we  would  be  pretty  certain,  as  a 
result  of  our  three  years  experience 
with  the  crop,  that  in  ladino  clover  the 
Northeast  has  a  new  legume  of  great 
promise;  a  perennial  legume  which  can 
be  used  both  for  pasturage  and  the 
production  of  hay  and  silage. 

Having  found  it  no  trouble  to  estab¬ 
lish  ladino  clover  stands,  we  are  now 
interested  in  how  long  we  can  main¬ 
tain  these  stands,  and  in  companion 
legumes  and  grasses  to  grow  with  the 
ladino.  We  have  been  told  that  if  ladino 
stands  are  to  be  maintained  for  any 
period,  they  must  be  fertilized  liberally 
as  the  crop  is  a  heavy  feeder,  also  that 
ladino  must  not  be  cut  or  grazed  too 
closely,  particularly  in  the  Fall  of  the 
year. 

For  companion  plants  to  grow  with 
ladino  clover,  we  are  experimenting 
with  alfalfa,  orchard  grass,  brome 
grass,  and,  of  course,  timothy.  I  believe 
that  we  have  already  reported  that  we 
hope  to  grow  a  meadow  mixture  of 
ladino  clover  and  perhaps  alfalfa  as  the 
legumes,  and  orchard  or  brome  as  the 
grasses,  which  when  wilted  will  make 
satisfactory  silage  without  the  addi¬ 
tion  of  any  purchased  preserving  ma¬ 
terials  like  molasses  or  phosphoric  acid. 

*  *  * 

WILTED  GRASS  SILAGE 

I  have  already  reported  that  we  have 
filled  four  silos  this  summer  with  grass 
silage.  We  tried  out  wilting  the  grass 
before  it  was  chopped  into  the  silo.  As 
we  finished  our  silos,  we  have  taken  a 
great  deal  of  pains  to  seal  them  off 
in  such  a  way  as  to  lose  the  minimum 
amount  of  silage  from  spoilage  on  top. 

For  about  two  weeks  after  a  silo  is 
filled,  we  go  up  into  it  every  day  and 
tread  the  surface  for  half  an  hour 
or  so  and  thoroughly  wet  it  down  with 
a  hose.  As  a  result  of  this  method  of 
sealing  off  our  silos,  we  have  only  two 
or  three  inches  of  spoilage  on  the  top 
of  those  silos  in  which  we  have  done 
a  thorough  job  of  treading  and  wetting 
down. 

To  date  we  have  dug  out  one  small 
sample  of  silage  which  we  sent  up  to 
Professor  J.  K.  Wilson  at  Cornell  to 
test  for  quality.  His  report  is  that  this 
particular  sample  was  not  very  good 
silage.  It  fell  short  of  the  ideal  acidity 
for  good  silage  by  about  20%.  Of 


course,  we  are  consoling  ourselves  that 
this  sample  was  from  near  the  top  of 
a  freshly  filled  silo  and  doesn’t  mean 
much,  and,  of  course,  it  doesn’t.  \Ve 
hope  that  when  we  get  our  silos  opened 
this  Fall  we  will  have  silage  superior 
to  this  sample. 

One  thing  that  has  surprised  us  is 
that  the  wilted  silage  has  not  settled 
as  much  as  the  higher  moisture  silage 
we  have  put  up  in  previous  years. 
Whether  this  is  because  it  is  too  dry  to 
pack  well  or  because  no  juice  has  run 
out  of  the  silos,  we  don’t  know.  Cer¬ 
tainly  in  past  years  we  have  lost  gal¬ 
lons  of  juice,  and  as  it  ran  out  it  must 
have  contributed  to  the  settling  of  the 
silage. 

Summing  up,  our  silos  filled  with 
wilted  grass  silage  have  sealed  off  nice¬ 
ly  with  minimum  wastage  at  the  top. 
The  silage  has  not  settled  much.  The 
first  sample  of  silage  tested  from  one 
of  the  silos  was  too  low  in  acidity.  At 
the  present  moment  there  is  nothing 
more  we  can  do  but  wait  for  the  re¬ 
sults  which  will  show  when  we  feed 
the  silage  this  Fall  and  Winter.  These 
results  we  intend  to  report  faithfully 
on  this  page.  We  are  confident  that  if 
the  Northeast  can  develop  a  grass  sil¬ 
age  without  the  use  of  purchased  pre¬ 
servatives,  grass  farming  in  the  North¬ 
east  will  take  a  definite  step  forward. 
The  possible  reward  is  so  great  it  is 
worth  some  experimenting. 

*  *  * 

BIRDSFOOT  TREFOIL 

After  trying  for  three  years,  we  at 
last  have  a  couple  of  stands  of  birds- 
foot  trefoil.  Plants  also  are  showing  up 
this  summer  where  the  seed  has  been 
sown  in  mixtures  in  past  seasons. 

Generally  such  plants  are  found 
along  fence  rows,  cattle  paths  and 
around  woodchuck  holes.  Such  surfaces 
are  usually  dry  and  hard  which  may 
be  why  the  trefoil  prefers  them.  They 
also  are  usually  bare  of  other  vege¬ 
tation  which  may  mean  that  the  tre¬ 
foil  can’t  stand  the  competition  of  other 
plants. 

To  add  to  our  confusion,  our  two 
stands  have  been  secured  under  widely 
different  conditions.  One  stand  is  on 
about  the  poorest,  driest  land  we  have, 
a  steep  gravel  hillside;  the  other  is  on 
a  moist  fertile  flat. 

On  both  pieces,  we  find  one  common 
condition.  There  is  a  great  variation  in 
the  thrift  and  vigor  of  the  plants.  Side 
by  side  will  be  husky  dark  green  plants 
and  yellow  spindly  ones.  Can  this  dif¬ 
ference  be  due  to  a  lack  of  innocula- 
tion? 

So  far  in  our  experience,  birdsfoot 
trefoil  appears  to  be  clearly  superior 
to  other  legumes  only  in  its  palatabil- 
ity.  Wherever  a  plant  shows  up  in  a 
pasture,  cows  and  horses  seek  it  out 
and  gnaw  it  into  the  ground.  I  think 
the  finest  forkful  of  hay  we  ever  grew 
came  from  a  small  piece  of  trefoil  we 
just  cut  for  hay.  It  was  fine  stemmed, 
leafy,  and  so  palatable  that  the  team 
used  to  draw  it  were  crazy  about  it. 

Certainly  trefoil  is  worth  watching, 
particularly  since  it  like  ladino  clover 
is  a  perennial,  matures  later  than  our 
other  legumes,  and  can  be  used  for  pas¬ 
turage  and  hay  and  silage. 

*  *  * 

FEEDER  STOCK 

Before  Ibng  the  authors  of  Kernels, 
Screenings  and  Chaff,  father  and  son, 
the  one  in  New  York  state,  the  other 
in  New  Mexico,  have  got  to  step  out 
and  buy  a  lot  of  livestock  to  eat  the 
pasturage,  the  roughage,  and  the  home¬ 
grown  grains  at  their  disposal. 

We  have  already  made  up  our  minds 
tentatively  about  what  we  will  buy. 
Howard,  in  New  Mexico,  will  buy  the 
ewes  which  are  culled  from  a  flock 
from  which  he  formerly  bought  feeder 
lambs.  To  eat  up  our  New  York  state 
grown  feed,  I  will  bring  in  possibly 
three  carloads  (about  two  hundred 


head),  of  the  youngest,  lightest  weight 
Hereford  heifer  calves  I  can  buy.  This 
means  calves  which  will  not  be  quite 
six  months  old  at  roundup  time  in  Oc¬ 
tober,  and  which  we  hope  will  average 
under  three  hundred  pounds. 

Howard  has  already  reported  on  his 
experience  with  old  ewes  last  Fall.  Of 
course,  he  can  pasture  the  year  around, 
and  his  experience  this  yast  year  seems 
to  be  that  he  can  use  pure  stands  of 
alfalfa  for  pasturage  without  damage 
to  the  alfalfa  or  loss  of  sheep  from 
bloating.  He  also  feels  that  by  stick¬ 
ing  with  the  same  rancher  and  taking 
his  culls  each  year  he  is  assured  of  a 
better  quality  of  cull  ewe  than  he  would 
be  if  he  bought  old  ewes  in  the  open 
market. 

Our  problem  at  Ithaca  is  different. 
Whatever  we  buy  for  feeders  must  be 
housed.  We  are  set  up  to  handle  either 
sheep  or  cattle,  but  prefer  cattle  be¬ 
cause  they  can  be  kept  over  to  utilize 
our  pastures  next  season. 

We  have  left  seventy-two  spayed 
Hereford  heifers  which  we  brought  up 
a  year  ago  last  spring.  They  are  get¬ 
ting  quite  fat  on  grass.  We  are  count¬ 
ing  on  these  seventy-two  heifers  bring¬ 
ing  enough  money  to  pay  for  three  car¬ 
loads  of  calves.  Soon  we  have  got  to  de¬ 
cide  whether  to  continue  to  let  these 
heifers  run  on  pasturage  which  is  ex¬ 
cellent  or  begin  to  take  some  of  them 
up  and  feed  them  grain.  The  way  price 
ceilings  are  rolling  back  on  better 
qualities  of  livestock,  we  are  inclined 
to  believe  it  will  not  pay  to  feed  grass- 
fed  heifers  any  grain.  However,  we 
are  seeking  some  expert  advice  before 
we  make  our  final  decision. 

*  *  * 

QUICK  FREEZING 

Now  that  materials  are  unavailable 
for  the  manufacture  of  home  quick 
freezing  and  cold  storage  boxes,  the  ex¬ 
pression  of  interest  in  them  is  tremend¬ 
ous.  Even  the  powerful  Saturday  Even¬ 
ing  Post  has  devoted  an  article  to  them. 

Probably  it  is  just  as  well  that  boxes 
cannot  be  manufactured  at  the  present 
time.  Manufacturers  and  farmers  alike 
are  provided  with  a  breathing  spell  dur¬ 
ing  which  the  boxes  can  be  home  tested 
and  manufacturers  and  public  institu- 
tions^  can  carry  on  research.  The  prod¬ 
uct  4bf  this  delay  should  be  a  cheaper, 
more  efficient  and  more  adequate  home 
quick  freeze  and  cold  storage  box 
whenever  its  manufacture  is  again  re¬ 
sumed. 

So  far  as  our  experience  at  Sunny- 
gables  with  our  present  box  is  con¬ 
cerned,  we  have  now  run  it  for  a  year 
and  cannot  think  of  any  ways  to  im¬ 
prove  it.  We  are  able  to  maintain  a 
storage  temperature  at  zero,  and  when 
we  need  to,  we  can  drop  the  whole  box 
down  to  fifteen  degrees  below  zero  and 
can  quick  freeze  as  much  as  50  lbs. 
of  meat  at  a  time  in  a  few  hours. 

In  the  use  of  a  home  quick  freeze 
and  cold  storage  box,  everything  which 
is  quick  frozen  and  stored  in  it  should 
be  gotten  ready  for  the  table  before 
it  is  frozen.  This  means  economy  in  the 
use  of  space  and  flexibility  in  the  use 
of  the  frozen  foods. 

As  we  are  now  set  up  in  Sunny- 
gables,  we  have  available,  for  all  the 
families  on  the  farm,  hdme-produced 
quick  frozen  fruits,  vegetables  and 
meat.  I  have  made  no  particular  effort 
to  find  out  how  much  the  availability 
of  these  foods  has  kept  down  our  food 
bills,  but  I  know  that  it  would  account 
for  substantial  savings.  Also  I  am  per¬ 
fectly  sure  that  every  one  connected 
with  the  farm  has  lived  better,  eaten 
more  good  meat  and  better  quality 
fruits  and  vegetables  than  they  ever 
have  before. 

I  have  gone  so  far  as  to  say  that 
home  and  community  quick  freezing 
and  cold  storage  outfits  will  do  more 
to  raise  the  standard  of  rural  living 
than  anything  that  has  come  along  in 
my  lifetime.  I  see  no  reason  for  chang¬ 
ing  this  prediction. 


American  Agriculturist,  August  1,  1942 


19  (441) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 

By  Jl.  Jt .  CcUine 


PICTURES 

In  the  last  issue  of  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  we  referred  to  the  Hollywood 
Film  Studios.  We-  find  that  this  is 
their  procedure: 

As  indicated,  they  advertise  a  five 
by  seven  enlargement  for  ten  cents  to 
cover  handling  and  mailing.  Before 
long,  the  customer  gets  a  post  card  ex¬ 
plaining  that  they  will  tint  the  picture 
and  frame  it  for  $1.00,  plus  mailing 
charges.  The  instructions  say,  “If  you 
do  not  want  the  tinted  picture  framed, 
do  not  send  back  this  card.  We  will 
not  hold  it  over  thirty  days.” 

There  is  nothing  illegal  about  this, 
but'  we  think  the  proposition  is  easily 
misunderstood.  The  subscriber  to 
whbm  we  referred  in  the  last  issue 
sent  the  card  back,  but  he  did  not  un¬ 
derstand  that  he  was  ordering  a  frame 
that  was  going  to  cost  him  a  dollar. 

*  1 

,r  — A.  A. - 

CONTRACTS  v 

“I  just  signed  an  agreement  with  an 
agent  for  a  new  roof  on  our  house.  Then 
I  began  to  worry  that  the  concern  might 
not  be  reliable.” 

The  best  time  to  worry  is  before  you 
sign  rather  than  afterward.  The 
agreement  you  sent  sounds  all  right. 
However,  it  contains  a  clause  that  you 
will  have  to  pay  $150.00  if  you  cancel 
the  contract. 

Here  are  three  things  to  keep  in 
mind:  1.  If  you  sign  a  contract  for 
this  type  of  work  with  a  local  contrac¬ 
tor,  you  at  least  know  where  you  can 
find  him  if  the  job  is  not  satisfactory. 
2.  Such  an  agreement  should  be  an¬ 
alysed  very  thoroughly  before  you  sign 
(we  suggest  your  taking  it  to  a  law¬ 
yer).  In  the  past,  subscribers  have 
expressed  dissatisfaction  with  similar 
£eals.  The  job  was  not  just  as  they 
thought  it  would  be,  but  did  meet  the 
specifications  of  the  agreement.  3. 
Once  you  sign  what  is  known  as  a 
“Completion  Authorization  Certificate,” 
you  admit  the  job  is  satisfactory.  This 
allows  the  contractor  to  sell  your  note 
to  a  finance  company  and  they  can 
collect  it  even  though  you  may  decide 
later  the  job  is  not  satisfactory. 

—  a.  a. — 

PROMISES 

“Last  Fall  we  sold  some  cabbage  to 
Mr.  Morris  Schwartz  of  Port  Jervis,  New 
York.  Usually  he  would  send  his  men 
for  the  cabbages  and  pay  for  the  load 
taken  the  next  time  he  came.  However, 
we  never  received  full  pay.” 

A  letter  to  Mr.  Schwartz  brought  a 
promise  to  pay  as  soon  as  possible. 
Later  this  claim  was  turned  over  to  a 
collection  agency  who  reported  that 
they  are  unable  to  get  their  money. 
Should  the  account  eventually  be  paid, 
we  will  be  very  glad  to  acknowledge 
payment  in  these  columns.  In  the 
meantime,  you  have  this  record  for 
your  guidance. 

— a.  a. — 

"BUMPED” 

“A  car  backed  out  of  a  parking  space 
and  did  damage  to  my  car  amounting  to 
$11.00.  A  man  from  his  insurance  com¬ 
pany  offers  a  settlement  of  $5.00.  I  do 
not  see  why  I  should  not  have  the  full 
amount.” 

Naturally,  insurance  companies  are 
interested  in  settling  claims  for  as  lit¬ 
tle  money  as  possible.  It  is  evident 
too  that  we  are  all  human,  and  oc¬ 
casionally,  a  car  driver  has  been  known 
to  “pad”  his  estimate  of  damage. 

Until  the  driver  of  the  car  that  has 
been  damaged  signs  the  release,  it  is 
always  his  right  to  sue  the  driver  of 
the  other  car  and,  if  insurance  is  car¬ 
ried,  such  suit  must  be  defended  by  the 


insurance  company.  Sometimes  re¬ 
fusal  to  take  the  first  offer  made  by 
the  insurance  company  plus  a  threat 
to  bring  suit  will  bring  a  better  offer. 
On  the  other  hand,  if  any  reasonable 
offer  of  settlement  is  made,  it  is  obvi¬ 
ously  better  to  accept  it  rather  than 
to  get  involved  in  a  lawsuit. 

— a.  a. — 

RETTER  RUYER- 
CONTROL 

At  the  last  session  of  the  New  York 
State  Legislature,  Article  20  of  the 
Agriculture  and  Markets  Law,  relating 
to  the  sale  of  farm  produce,  was 
amended.  Previous  to  this  time,  buy¬ 
ers  of  farm  produce  who  dealt  on  a 
commission  basis  were  required  to 
secure  a  license  and  take  out  a  bond 
to  insure  payment  to  producers.  Legal¬ 
ly  a  commission  man  never  owns  the 
produce  he  handles.  He  acts  as  an 
agent,  sells  the  stuff  at  market  price, 
deducts  his  commission,  and  remits  the 
balance. 

The  amendment  to  the  law  includes 
the  direct  buyer  or  net  return  dealer. 
Net  return  dealer  refers  to  one  who 
receives  shipments  and  pays  for  them 
at  that  time  on  the  basis  of  current 
market  prices. 

The  Commissioner  of  Agriculture 
now  has  the  power  to  issue  licenses  to 
net  return  buyers  on  payment  of  $10 
and  the  filing  of  a  bond;  and  likewise 
has  power  to  refuse  to  issue  a  license 
or  revoke  a  license  under  certain  con¬ 
ditions. 

There  is  a  belief  in  some  quarters 
that  one  more  amendment  to  the  law 
is  needed;  namely,  that  the  licensee 
should  not  be  allowed  to  handle  farm 
produce  both  as  a  commission  man  and 
as  a  net  return  buyer.  In  other  words, 
his  dealings  should  be  on  one  basis  or 
the  other. 

,  — A.  A. —  _ _ 

SLOW 

“I  just  received  a  check  for  $14.75  from 
a  mail  order  house.  I  doubt  if  I  would 
ever  have  collected  it  without  your  help.” 

This  concerns  a  refund  check  for 
part  of  an  order  which  could  not  be 
filled.  The  order  was  given  last  sum¬ 
mer  and  our  subscriber  received 
numerous  letters  from  the  company 
expressing  regret,  but  asking  for  some 
information  already  given.  We  are 
glad  that  we  were  able  to  get  the  re¬ 
fund.  It  appears  that  many  concerns 
are  operating  with  a  lot  of  inexperienc¬ 
ed  workers  and  are .  doing  their  best 
to  have  the  customers  satisfied  under 
rather  difficult  situations. 

—  a.  a. — 

OUT  OF  RUSINESS 

“On  April  20,  I  sent  a  check  for  $.50 
to  Needlecraft  Magazine  of  New  York 
City.  The  check  has  been  cashed,  but  I 
can  get  no  reply  from  letters  and  have 
not  received  the  magazine.” 

We  heard  nothing  from  the  first  let¬ 
ter  to  Needlecraft  .  The  second  was 
returned  marked  “Out  of  Business.” 

In  some  cases  when  magazines  are 
forced  to  discontinue,  they  .turn  over 
subscription  lists  to  similar  publica¬ 
tions.  We  are  investigating  to  see  if 
this  can  not  be  done  in  this  case. 

— A.  A.— 

A  subscriber  in  Yates  County,  New 
York,  has  a  70-acre  farm  for  which  a 
tenant  is  needed.  The  farm  has  some 
fruit,  including  grapes,  and  the  owner 
wishes  to  add  poultry  to  the  farm 
business.  The  tenant  would  need  to 
have  a  team  or  tractor,  and  could  have 
immediate  possession. 

If  you  are  interested,  write  M.  F., 
c/o  American  Agriculturist,  P.  O.  Box 
367,  Ithaca,  New  York. 


POLICY  IN  EFFECT 

/32>ayd, 

BEFORE  FATAL  ACCIDENT 


— fH.il 


\qA\ 


Roscoe  Warren  took  out  a  policy 
on  October  18th,  HE  WAS  KILLED  October  31st 


OSCOE  C.  WARREN  of  Low- 
•ell,  Mass.,  and  Plymouth,  N.  H., 
was  driving  peacefully  through  the  streets  of  Lowell 
when  suddenly  a  car  shot  out  of  a  side  street  and  crash¬ 
ed  into  his  car.  They  rushed  him  to  the  hospital,  but 
he  was  too  badly  injured.  He  died  within  a  few  hours 
from  a  fractured  skull. 

Think  of  the  sorrow  and  expense  that  go  along  with 
such  an  accident.  The  North  American  Accident  Ins. 
Co.,  delivered  a  $1000  check  to  Mr.  Warren’s  estate  on 
his  low-cost  Travel  Accident  Policy.  He  could  depend 
on  the  North  American  to  help  pay  the  bills  after  he 
was  gone. 

Keep,  *l/auA,  Policy,  Renewed 


North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co 

Oldest  and  Ca'fest  Exclusive  JfeaM  and  Occident  Company  in  America 

N. A. Associates  Department  Poughkeepsie.  N.y.' 


17 


$m 


**?  ■ ':  V 


Published  by  THE  THOUSANDS  OF  FARMERS  WHO  OWN,  OPERATE  AND  CONTROL  THE  DAIRYMEN'S  LEAGUE 

0 


r>inipMre 

$k\.  Mmh 

Sincere ; 


.........  ...  ll^  f  ^to  Itru  d  ,p 

or^^en'ts.\:Tfi^;,kA(?wbthbt.  so  longvwifteri 

'S^W-  "•  :S  J ■  :p??  f  ft:  ■  o,s“' ; -  M 

AlMBmif"  i-  </ 1  :»’•'./  A»’  <  / ;  VO*  * '  .<  t:;l<  >'.  ?;  i  »&»  •<<.  v  '•■%'5^bSct144‘« 


,r  u  -  .*» '■•'  it'*  T 

m$rif  /  / 

<tj/'  y  i’’ 

Sfel^1  ,  /  The  ohly  thing  these  dictators  fear  from  us  is  strong,  unified  action  AND  A  SECOND  FRONT.  A 


•  Sr«B8"r  ’  /  \/seconc*  ^ront  wil1  divide  their  forces.  A  second  front  will  drain  away  their  striking  power  the  same  way 
W^^-tySr'  ^at  arguments  and  differences  of  opinion  fritter  away  ours. 

L 

Unfortunately  we  have  argued  so  long  that  any  real,  effective  military  second  front  is  likely  to  be  de¬ 
layed  for  months.  But  we  can  start  a  second  front  of  our  own  .  .  .  right  now,  right  here  in  our  own  farm¬ 
yards.  We  can  quit  arguing  among  ourselves.  We  can  close  up  our  own  ranks.  We  can  throw  out  the 
saboteurs  and  defeatists  who  are  trying  to  keep  us  divided.  We  can  start  producing  more  food,  more 
social  unity,  more  civil  strength  and  national  determination  than  this  country  has  ever  known.  And  we 
can  do  it  by  cultivating  the  only  strength  that  democracy  has — the  strength  of  COOPERATION. 

We  farmers  in  this  milkshed  have  an  advantage  over  many  of  our  fellow 
citizens  when  it  comes  to  cooperation  .  .  .  because  we  have  the  tools  and 
organizations  for  effective  cooperation  already  at  hand.  But  to  make  these 
tools — our  own  farm  cooperatives — truly  effective,  we  have  got  to  use 
them.  Before  we  can  ask  others  to  stop  quarreling  and  to  put  their  shoulder 
to  the  wheel,  we  have  got  to  set  the  example  ourselves.  Before  we  can 
expect  a  military  second  front  in  Europe,  we  have  got  to  start  a  morale 
second  front  at  home — a  front  of  neighborliness,  cooperation  and  united 
action — the  kind  of  a  front  that  Hitler  really  fears.  So  let’s  start  it — NOW! 


V 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 


Yankee  Ingenuity 


that  have  been  effective.  Try 
them  out. 


David  Laroek  of  Ogdensburg,  N. 
Y.,  uses  this  outfit  to  dig  up  quack 
grass  and  to  save  time  by  making 
a  seed  bed  on  stubble  without  the 
necessity  of  plowing.  It  will  cover 
a  lot  of  land  in  a  day.  The  teeth 
are  much  heavier  than  those  on 
the  usual  spring-tooth  harrow,  and 
therefore  dig  much  deeper. 


Cjeti  the  flat  2><ute 

N  ORTHEASTERN  farmers,  faced  with  a  critical  food  production  job,  are  leaving  no  stones 
unturned  in  their  determination  to  “come  through”.  In  the  face  of  a  50%  shortage  of  farm 
labor  and  a  scarcity  of  many  supplies,  they  are  meeting  the  goals  for  milk  and  egg  production, 
not  to  mention  bumper  crops  of  potatoes,  beans,  fruit  and  vegetables.  Farmers  never  were  inter¬ 
ested  in  killing  time.  Now,  with  the  growing  shortage 
of  farm  help,  they  are  looking  for  methods  whereby 
one  man  can  do  the  work  of  two.  On 
this  page  you  will  find  some  ideas 


Once  you  get  grain  to  the  top  of  the  hen¬ 
house,  gravity  will  feed  it  into  the  various 
pens  at  a  great  saving  of  labor.  Electric 
hoists  like  the  one  shown  below  are  not  too 
common.  Walter  Schait  of  Dryden,  N.  Y., 
has  rigged  up  a  hand-power  hoist.  It  takes 
a  little  more  muscle,  but  it  still  saves  a 
lot  of  time. 


A  homemade  trailer  like  this  one  (^)  on  the  farm  of 
Kenneth  Sutterby,  a  central  N.  Y.,  farmer,  is  mighty 
handy  for  moving  machinery,  feed  or  fertilizer.  Sitting 
on  the  trailer  are  his  two  sons,  Allen  and  Glenn.  In 
most  states,  trailers  intended  exclusively  for  agricul¬ 
tural  purposes  do  not  need  licenses,  even  though  they 
may  occasionally  be  on  the  road  for  other  purposes. 


Here  (■>-)  is  an  example  of  labor  wasting.  Instead  of 
cutting  and  hauling  second-growth  green  feed  to  be 
fed  green  to  the  cows  in  the  barn,  why  not  turn  the 
c®ws  in  the  field  and  let  them  do  their  own  harvesting? 


IN  THIS  ISSUE  WHEAT  LOANS,  Page  3;  WINNERS  IN  HORSE  AND  BUGGY  LETTER  CONTEST.  Page  S;  ADJUSTING 
_  THE  CORN  BINDER,  Page  6;  A  HOME-MADE  ENSILAGE  CART,  Page‘8;  THE  BOYS  ARE  TAKING 

HOLD,  Page  9;  LIVESTOCK  AND  POULTRY,  Pages  13,  14,  15  and  17;  FASHIONS,  Page  18;  PICKLE  RECIPES  Page  20 


AUGUST  15,  1942 

The  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative 
is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


Growing  Heifers . . .  Every  Dairyman’s.. . 


SUSIE  .  .  .  1941  Susie,  a  grade  Holstein,  was  born  April  13,  1940.  Last  summer,  as  a  yearling  she  got 

especially  good  care.  Good  pasture,  hay  from  a  feed  rack,  minerals  she  could  get  at  all  the  time.  All 
fall  and  winter  she  had  grain  ...  then  G.L.F.  Dry  and  freshening  Ration  for  six  weeks  before  freshening. 


SUSIE  . .  .  1942  Susie  freshened  April  20— two  years  and  seven  days  old.  She  weighed  1 100  pounds. 
Her  first’ month  she  averaged  53  pounds  of  milk  a  day.  A  few  minutes  after  this  picture  was  taken  (August 
4)  she  gave  27  pounds  of  milk.  In  her  first  three  months  she  has  paid  a  big  share  of  the  cost  of  raising  her. 


★  ★  ★ 


Next  year’s  production  quotas  are  higher.  A 
big  share  of  the  increase  must  come  from  the 
heifers  now  on  pasture. 

Big  heifers  can  be  bred  earlier;  they  produce 
sooner  and  they  produce  more. 

This  time  of  year  heifers  must  keep  growing  if 
they  are  going  to  make  big  cows. 

Pasture  alone  won’t  do  it.  A  hay  rack  in  the 


pasture  will  help.  Heifers  need  minerals  too,  and 
plenty  of  water. 

Three  pounds  of  home-grown , grain  or  G.L.F. 
Fitting  Ration  a  day  is  good  insurance.  If  they 
don’t  get  very  good  roughage,  grain  is  more  than 
insurance — it’s  essential. 

Check  up  on  the  heifers.  It’s  the  little  things 
you  do  now  that  will  make  big  cows  next  year. 


WAR  CHANGES  Molasses — scarce  since 

nflIBY  pccriC  war  began— has  grown 
UHlnl  rttuo  scarcer  and  higher  un¬ 
til  it  is  right  out  of  sight  as  a  practical  dairy 
feed  ingredient.  Molasses  is  a  real  war- 
baby— imports  are  down,  demand  is  way 
up  because  molasses  makes  alcohol  and 
alcohol  makes  gunpowder. 

Wheat  is  a  different  kind  of  war-baby. 
There’s  a  surplus,  and  it’s  available  in 
large  quantities  at  very  reasonable  prices. 
It’s  a  good  nutritious  feed,  and  by  crush¬ 
ing  it  you  can  make  a  flaky,  bulky  dairy 
feed  ingredient. 

Dairymen  can  therefore  make  a  real 
saving  now  by  cutting  the  molasses  out  of 
their  rations  and  adding  some  crushed 
wheat.  This  has  been  done  with  the  G.L.F.> 
flexible  formula  dairy  feeds — 18%  Legume 
Dairy,  20%  Exchange  Dairy,  24%  Milk 
Maker — effective  August  10. 

Molasses  remains  in  the  Super  feeds. 


The  severe  scarcity  of  wheat  bran,  how¬ 
ever,  has  caused  a  slight  reduction  in 
bran,  offset  by  an  increase  in  ground  oats 
and  linseed  meal. 

Complete  details,  as  always,  on  the 
open  formula  tag. 


l 

i 

£ 

i 

i 


t 


★  ★  ★ 


1000  TRUCKS  EQUAL  More  than  1000 
TWO-MILE  TRAIN  of  them  farmer- 

nvned — have  been  pledged  to  keep  farm 
supplies  and  farm  produce  moving  in  case 
)f  emergency.  That’s  the  good  news  an¬ 
nounced  by  Community  Transportation 
Service. 

Cooperating  with  local  G.L.F.  Service 
Agencies,  truck  owners  in  250  communi¬ 
ties  have  agreed  to  have  their  trucks 
available  for  service  should  rail  transpor¬ 
tation  break  down.  War  shipments  are 
now  putting  such  a  tremendous  load  on 
railways  that  a  temporary  tie-up  is  by  no 
means  out  of  the  question.  A  reserve  pool 
of  trucks  is  a  valuable  insurance  policy  for 
agriculture. 

The  trucks  already  pledged  have  a 
total  capacity  of  more  than  6000  tons 
the  equal  of  a  freight  train  two  miles  long. 
They  can  be  on  the  job. the  minute  they 
are  needed.  Pledges  are  still  coming  in, 
and  Ed  Fallon,  director  of  Community 
Transportation  Service,  hopes  to  have 


THE  FARM  FRONT  TODAY 

1 very  MONDAY  on  these  Stations 


1  atertown 
ochester 
yracuse 
roy 

ridgeton 

'ewburgh 

nwn  T  a  a 


WATN 

WHAM 

WSYR 

WTRY 

WSNJ 

WGNY 

WORT 


12  05  P.M. 
7:12  A.M. 
12-35  P.M. 
12:15  P.M. 
12:30  P.M. 
1:05  P.M. 

t-ao  A  TVt 


Also  G.L.F.  newscasts  over  Station 
WHCU,  Ithaca,  Dial  870,  every  day 
at  7.00  A.M.;  7:50  A.M.;  12:00 
Noon;  7:30  P.M. 


ITHACA 


COOPERATIVE  G.L.F.  EXCHANGE,  INC 


American  Agriculturist,  August  15,  1942 


3  (445) 


YOU  **  YOUR  FARM  ^ 


awttfo  WA 


J 


) 


WHEAT 

As  announced  in  the  last  issue,  Con¬ 
gress  finally  approved  the  sale  of 
125,000,000  bushels  of  surplus  wheat 
at  85 %  of  corn  parity,  which  at  pres¬ 
ent  means  around  83c  a  bushel.  This 
wheat  must  be  used  for  feeding,  and  is 
expected  to  increase  production  of 
eggs,  milk  and  meat,  at  the  same  time 
releasing  storage  space  for  the  com¬ 
ing  crop. 

Some  concern  is  expressed  that  this 
action  might  pull  down  prices  of  mill¬ 
ing  wheat  in  the  Northeast.  So  far, 
effect  has  been  negligible.  Some  north¬ 
eastern  wheat  growers  will  doubtless 
sell  wheat  for  milling  (present  price 
about  $1.07)  and  buy  surplus  wheat 
for  feeding.  Ground  wheat  can  make 
up  as  much  as  35%  of  the  dairy  ration 
if  at  least  one  bulky  ingredient  is  in¬ 
cluded  in  the  mixture.  For  poultry, 
whole  wheat  can  make  up  as  much  as 
50%  of  the  scratch  feed  and  25%  of 
the  mash. 

Some  of  this  government  wheat  will 
be  coming  into  the  Northeast  through 
dealers  and  cooperatives.  Farmers 
who  want  to  get  together  and  pool  or¬ 
ders  for  a  carload  can  make  arrange¬ 
ments  through  their  County  Agricul¬ 
tural  Conservation  Association. 

GOVERNMENT  WHEAT  LOANS 

Government  loans  on  wheat  are 
available  to  farmers  who  are  taking 
part  in  the  Agricultural  Conservation 
Program.  Loan  is  at  the  rate  of  $1.30 
a  bushel  for  No.  2  wheat,  plus  7c  to 
cover  storage  charges  if  the  wheat  is 
stored  on  the  farm.  Loan  rates  are  at 
a  lower  figure  for  wheat  that  will  not 
grade  No.  2.  Some  No.  2  wheat  on 
which  loans  are  secured  will  be  stored 
at  terminal  points,  but  encouragement 
is  given  to  storing  it  on  the  farm. 
Those  who  get  these  government  loans 
have  the  privilege  of  selling  the  wheat 
at  any  time  and  repaying  the  loan,  or 
it  can  be  stored  until  April  30,  1943. 
Obviously  little  wheat  will  be  sold  un¬ 
less  the  price  is  higher  than  the  loan 
rate.  On  April  30  the  loan  can  be  re¬ 
paid  to  the  government,  or  if  not  paid, 
the  wheat  becomes  government  prop¬ 
erty  and,  if  stored  on  the  farm,  must 
be  delivered  to  them,  presumably  at  a 
nearby  railroad  siding. 

While  there  is  a  big  supply  of  wheat 
in  the  country,  it  is  stated  that  there 
Is  no  surplus  of  the  soft  type  of  wheat 
grown  in  the  Northeast.  Do  not  be  in 
a  rush  to  sell  your  wheat.  Informa¬ 
tion  about  government  loans  is  avail¬ 
able  at  your  County  Agricultural  Con¬ 
servation  Office.  The  procedure  is  not 
complicated,  and  the  money  is  avail¬ 
able  quickly. 

*  *  # 

SCRAP 

Down  in  Coatesville,  Pennsylvania, 
a  city  with  a  population  of  15,000,  a 
real  job  has  been  done  on  collecting 
scrap.  On  April  6  the  Mayor  issued  a 
proclamation  designating  the  week  of 
April  13  as  “Cleanup  Week.”  Local 
Newspapers  gave  excellent  support  to 
the  campaign,  banners  were  put  in  the 
streets,  a  car  equipped  with  a  loud 
speaker  made  announcements,  and  fin- 
a%  a  committee  was  appointed  to 
niake  a  house-to-house  canvass, 
k^hmss  places  were  canvassed  by 
'  e  Chamber  of  Commerce,  local  in- 
stries  by  the  Coatesville  Council  of 
tsnse,  and  the  house-to-house  can¬ 


vass  was  taken  care  of  by  the  Red 
Cross. 

The  scrap  pile  was  started  on  a 
vacant  lot.  City  trucks  picked  up 
scrap,  and  a  demolition  crew  cut  up 
machinery  too  big  to  move  as  a  whole. 
The  results  were  680,761  lbs.  of  scrap, 
an  average  of  226.92  lbs.  per  home. 

Very  active  in  the  campaign  was  the 
Lukens  Steel  Company. 

By  careful  planning  any  community 
can  match  these  results.  In  fact,  it 
must  be  done  if  steel  mills  are  to  con¬ 
tinue  to  turn  out  armaments.  Sell 
your  scrap  to  the  junk  dealer.  If  you 
want  to  use  the  proceeds  to  help  the 
war  effort,  use  it  to  buy  War  bonds! 
*  *  * 

BUILDING 

While  certain  government  restric¬ 
tions  have  been  put  on  building,  there 
is  no  intent  that  farm  buildings  should 
be  allowed  to  run  down.  Keeping 
them  repaired  will  help  maintain  pro¬ 
duction  and  will  save  money,  as  op¬ 
posed  to  letting  them  go  now  and  hav¬ 
ing  major  repairs  after  the  war. 

There  are  no  restrictions  on  repairs 
up  to  $1,000  per  farm  per  year.  It  is, 
of  course,  necessary  to  keep  the  avail¬ 
ability  of  materials  in  mind — particu¬ 
larly  steel,  which  is  short.  While  there' 
are  some  restrictions  on  the  sale  of 
lumber,  these  do  not  apply  to  small 
local  sawmills.  Particularly  fortunate 
is  the  man  who  has  standing  timber 
that  can  be  sawed  into  lumber. 
Also,  there  are  no  restrictions  on  ce¬ 
ment  and  concrete  can  be  used  in  a 
large  proportion  of  repair  jobs. 

When  you  come  to  figure  it  out,  it  is 
surprising  how  much  repair  work  can 
be  done  for  $1,000.  Where  repairs 
costing  more  than  $1,000  are  essential, 
an  application  must  be  made  to  the 
County  War  Board  for  permission  to 
build. 

♦  ♦  * 

LOOKING  AHEAD 

Recent  war  news  has  been  discourag¬ 
ing.  We  might  as  well  tighten  our 
belts  and  forget  wishful  thoughts 
about  a  quick  peace.  Several  things 
are  in  the  wind  which  affect  farming. 

The  government  plans  to  concentrate 
the  manufacture  of  peacetime  goods 
into  the  hands  of  a  few  manufacturers 
who  are  not  well  equipped  for  war 
production.  Furthermore,  buyers  will 
have  less  choice.  Frills  will  be  elimi¬ 
nated,  and  production  will  be  stand¬ 
ardized  into  a  few  models.  Even  so, 
shortages  of  things  you  need  will  con¬ 
tinue  to  develop.  Therefore,  look 
ahead.  Order  the  things  you  must 
have  weeks  before  you  need  them. 

Fall  may  bring  a  transportation  bot¬ 
tleneck.  There  will  be  bumper  crops 
of  food  to  move  to  market,  and  house¬ 
holders  who  wait  until  the  last  min¬ 
ute  will  want  coal.  On  top  of  this  will 
be  an  increasing  demand  for  movement 
of  war  supplies  and  troops.  Hint  to 
farmers  is  to  build  up  the  woodpile. 
If  you  get  more  than  you  need,  some¬ 
one  will  want  it  at  a  good  price.  If 
you  must  have  coal,  get  it  now. 

Concern  is  being  expressed  over 
plans  for  manufacture  of  farm  ma¬ 
chinery.  Farmers  will  produce  to  the 
limit  of  their  ability  in  spite  of  diffi¬ 
culties,  but  they  must  have  the  tools. 
There  has  been  some  talk  of  allotting 
materials  to  produce  25%  of  the 

( Continued  on  Page  11) 


greetings  to 


Delighted  Pipe-Smoker 


PRINCE  ALBERT  > 
PUR NS  COOLER. 

NATURALLY,  IT'S  A  \ 
MILDER  SMOKE - 
EASIER  ON  THE  TONGUE 
THE  GOOD  TASTE  IS 
THERE -THE  SWELL 
i  FRAGRANCE 


YV  RICH,  WITHOUT  N 
f  TONGUE-NIP. L  BELIEVE 
ME  THAT'S  SOMETHING 
IN  ROLLED  SMOKES. 
PRINCE  ALBERT  IS  CRIMP  CUT 
TOO,  FOR  EASY  FAST  SPINNING 
WITHOUT  SPILLING,  WASTE. 
rX  BESIDES,  P.A.  STAYS  . 

t  is  lit  / 


itlERl 


In  recent  laboratory 
smoking  bowl”  tests. 
Prince  Albert  burned 


pipefuls  of  fragrant 
tobacco  in  every 
handy  pocket  can 
of  Prince  Albert 


fine  roll-your-own 
cigarettes  in  every 
handy  pocket  can 
of  Prince  Albert 


DEGREES 

COOLER 

than  the  average  of  the 
30  other  of  the  largest- 
selling  brands  tested 
.  .  .  coolest  of  all! 

B.  J.  Reynolds  Tobacco  Company 
Winston-Salem,  North  Carolina 


Prince  Albert 

is  THE  NATIONAL  JOY  SMOKE 


Buy  War  Savings  Bonds  and  Stamps 


(446)  4 


American  Agriculturist,  August  15,  1842 


THE- 


B  V  E .  R.  E  A  S  TANA  N 


PAGE: 


Address  all  mail  for  Editorial  or  Advertl*. 
ing  departments  to  American  Agriculturist, 
Savings  Bank  Building.  Ithaca.  New  York 


WANT  TO  HELP  WIN  THE  WAR  ? 

MOST  of  the  big  pieces  of  scrap  iron  have 
already  been  picked  up,  but  on  every  farm 
and  around  almost  every  village  home  there  are 
a  few  pounds  of  scrap  iron  still  uncollected.  If 
all  of  these  small  lots  were  added  together,  the 
total  would  run  into  thousands  of  tons  and 
would  go  a  long  way  toward  helping  to  win  the 
war,  because  the  lack  of  scrap  iron  is  one  of  our 
worst  bottlenecks. 

The  trouble  is,  however,  that  people  with  only 
a  few  pounds  around  the  place  don’t  know  what 
to  do  with  it.  It  is  too  small  an  amount  for  a 
junk  dealer  to  call  for.  Some  other  way  must 
be  found  to  collect  it. 

Many  communities  have  organized  to  get 
these  small  amounts  of  scrap  iron.  Many  others 
are  doing  nothing  about  it. 

Here  is  a  chance  for  a  Grange,  4-H  Club,  Fu¬ 
ture  Farmer  Club  or  Boy  Scout  organization  to 
do  something  for  their  country  that  will  really 
count.  Organize  a  house-to-house  canvass  to  get 
people  to  collect  every  pound  of  scrap  iron  they 
can  find.  Then  make  arrangements  for  a  truck 
to  make  the  rounds  of  the  places  where  you  have 
found  even  small  amounts.  There  are  few  neigh¬ 
borhoods  where  you  can’t  find  several  truck- 
loads.  Load  it  on  the  truck  and  carry  it  to  some 
central  place.  You  will  be  surprised  at  the  large 
pile  you  can  collect. 

From  there  on  it  will  be  easy  to  make  arrange¬ 
ments  to  get  it  traveling  toward  a  munitions 
plant  and  the  battle  line. 

FARMERS  ARE  REDUCING 
THEIR  HERTS 

IT’S  GOOD  news  from  the  Federal  Land  Bank 
of  Springfield  that  delinquencies  in  making 
payments  on  farm  mortgages  are  the  lowest  in 
many,  many  years,  thanks  to  better  prices  for 
farm  products. 

Farmers  are  reducing  their  mortgages  or  pay¬ 
ing  them  off  entirely  and  reducing  their  other 
debts.  How  smart  that  is.  Farmers  know  that 
sooner  or  later  agriculture  will  probably  have 
to  face  one  of  the  greatest  depressions  in  its  his¬ 
tory.  When  that  comes,  it  will  be  just  too  bad 
for  men  who  are  too  far  out  on  a  limb  with 
heavy  debts. 

WHAT  ABOUT  SURPLUS  AFTER 
THE  WAR  ? 

EVERY  thinking  farmer  is  wondering  what  is 
going  to  be  done  about  the  surplus  when  the 
war  is  over. 

We  have  put  into  motion  the  greatest  agricul¬ 
tural  production  machine  ever  known.  This  has 
been  necessary  to  furnish  food  for  ourselves  and 
for  much  of  the  rest  of  the  world  in  order  to  win 
the  war.  But,  as  soon  as  the  war  is  over,  the  rest 
of  the  world  will  be  growirig  most  of  its  own 
food,  and  our  own  consumption  may  be  cut  con¬ 
siderably.  But  our  big  farm  production  machine 
will  go  roaring  on.  You  can’t  turn  the  faucet 
off  of  a  dairy  cow  or  put  a  lot  of  land  out  of 
production  over  night. 

Unless  some  plans  are  made  and  made  soon 
to  meet  this  problem,  farm  prices  will  fall  to 
ruinously  low  levels.  There  are  some  things, 
however,  that  can  be  done  to  prevent  this  ca¬ 
lamity. 

Instead  of  continuing  to  spend  millions  of 
dollars  on  questionable  schemes  which  do  not 
help  agriculture,  let’s  put  some  of  those  millions 
into  research  to  shorten  the  gap  between  the  pro¬ 


ducer  and  consumer  and  to  find  new  uses  for 
surplus  farm  products. 

There  is,  for  example,  the  great  field  of  plas¬ 
tics,  a  material  which  can  be  made  from  farm 
products  which  has  a  thousand  different  uses. 

Did  you  ever  think  of  the  absurdity  of  a  na¬ 
tion  entirely  dependent  upon  rubber  as  we  are, 
getting  90  per  cent  of  its  rubber  from  the  other 
side  of  the  world?  We  should  be  able  to  find  a 
way  to  make  rubber  from  many  of  J:he  crops 
that  farmers  grow.  If  that  could  be  done,  there 
never  would  be  any  surplus  of  those  crops. 

Another  possibility  is  the  use  of  surplus  farm 
crops  for  alcohol.  This  alcohol  might,  with 
study,  be  found  practical  as  a  fuel  to  drive  our 
cars  and  tractors. 

There  is,  in  short,  almost  no  end  to  the  op¬ 
portunities  to  take  care  of  surplus  farm  crops 
through  new  uses.  But  research  and  experimen¬ 
tation  take  a  long  time.  They  require  money.  It 
is  too  late  for  them  to  be  of  much  help  after 
the  emergency  is  upon  us.  The  time  to  start  is 
now  and  in  a  large  way. 

BEST  HOPE  FOR  THE  FUTURE 

AN  INCREASE  of  5,000  boys  and  girls  in 
4-H  club  work  in  New  York  State  alone 
shows  how  this  splendid  work  for  young  people 
is  making  progress.  Professor  W.  J.  Wright  of 
the  New  York  State  College  of  Agriculture  an¬ 
nounces  that  there  will  be  a  total  membership 
in  New  York  of  37,500  farm  boys  and  girls  for 
this  year.  When  we  multiply  this  by  the  large 
number  of  4-H  boys  and  girls  in  every  state  in 
the  Union,  and  then  add  the  thousands  of  other 
farm  boys  in  the  Future  Farmers  Clubs,  the 
Rural  Scouts,  and  the  Juvenile  Granges,  it  gives 
us  hope  for  the  future  of  agriculture  and  rural 
life. 

CONTEST:  "WAR  CHANGES  WE 
HAVE  MADE” 

IN  SPITE  of  the  worst  shortage  of  farm  labor 
ever,  by  hard  woMc  and  long  hours  farmers 
are  producing  this  year  the  most  food  in  the  his- 
toy  of  agriculture. 

Celebrating  this  victory  on  the  Farm  Front, 
American  Agriculturist  will  publish  on  Septem¬ 
ber  26  its  Victory  Harvest  Issue,  which  will  be 
one  of  the  best  issues  of  American  Agriculturist 
ever  published  in  its  hundred  years  of  work  for 
farmers. 

Most  state  and  county  fairs  are  not  being  held 
this  year,  so  this  Victory  Issue  of  American 
Agriculturist  will  take  their  place  by  reporting 
and  exhibiting  the  results  of  what  you  farmers 
have  done  this  year,  in  spite  of  all  your  prob¬ 
lems,  to  win  the  war. 

Among  other  things  in  this  issue  there  will  be 
a  series  of  letters  from  farmers  and  farm  women 
all  over  the  Northeast  on  the  subject,  “Changes 
I  Have  Made  In  Farming  and  In  The  Farm 
Home  This  Year  To  Fit  The  War  Effort.”  Put¬ 
ting  it  another  way,  what  have  you  done  to  save 
labor  and  at  the  same  time  speed  up  and  im¬ 
prove  the  efficiency  of  your  farm  or  in  your 
home  as  a  result  of  your  determination  to  make 
every  motion  count? 

The  contest  is  open  to  both  men  and  women 
and  covers  not  only  farming  but  home-making. 
Include  the  garden,  the  preservation  of  foods, 
clothing,  care  of  equipment,  time  savers,  im¬ 
proving  the  family’s  diet,  use  of  sugar  substi¬ 
tutes  in  cooking,  etc. 

For  the  best  letter  of  not  over  five  hundred 


words,  American  Agriculturist  will  pay  $10.00. 
$5.00  will  be  paid  for  the  second  best  letter  and 
$1.00  for  all  the  others  which  we  can  find  room 
to  print.  Letters  must  be  in  the  office  of  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist  at  Ithaca,  New  York,  on  or 
before  September  12,  1942. 

CROP  AND  GARDEN  NEWS 

ON  THE  5th  of  August  I  saw  field  after  field 
of  silage  corn  with  ears  on  and  with  as 
much  growth  as  it  often  has  a  month  later.  It’s 
a  grand  crop  and  is  still  growing  so  fast  you 
can  hear  the  leaves  talking  about  it. 

Barns  are  full  of  hay  and  there  is  a  splendid 
second  crop  already  cut  or  soon  to  be.  Pastures 
are  green  and  the  meadows  will  make  splendid 
“baiting”  for  cows  this  fall.  Electric  fence  is 
helping  out  the  fall  pasturing  of  meadows. 

So  it  would  seem  that  dairymen  are  sure  of 
plenty  of  forage  for  the  fall  and  winter. 

Potatoes  promise  a  good  crop  if  blight  can 
be  controlled.  The  wet  weather  has  started  blight 
in  some  fields.  Cabbage  and  other  crops  are 
growing  well.  So  are  the  weeds.  I  never  saw 
more  than  there  have  been  this  summer. 

Apples,  peaches,  pears  and  grapes  all  promise 
a  good  crop.  Harvesting,  because  of  lack  of 
labor,  will  be  a  problem  on  many  farms. 

How  does  your  garden  grow?  We  are  buying 
little  from  the  grocery  these  days  and  expect 
to  buy  but  little  canned  stuff  this  winter.  There 
is  nothing  like  a  good  cellar  full  of  farm  and 
garden  products  to  keep  down  the  H.  C.  of  L. 
(High  Cost  of  Living)  next  winter.  Believe  me 
anything  you  buy  out  of  the  grocery  store  for 
the  next  year  or  so  will  make  you  wish  you  had 
produced  more  stuff  for  the  home  table  on  your 
own  farm. 

One  of  the  ways  that  I  come  nearest  to  turn¬ 
ing  back  the  clock  and  being  a  boy  again  is  to 
go  into  the  kitchen  during  these  late  summer 
and  early  fall  days  where  the  folks  are  canning 
and  pickling.  The  appetizing  odors  which  fill  the 
house  carry  me  back  across  the  years  when 
mother  used  to  take  great  pride  in  filling  the 
cellar  against  the  winter  to  come. 

EASTMAN’S  CHESTNUT 

MY  MOTHER,  who  was  deaf  in  her  last 
years,  used  to  say  that  being  deaf  had  its 
advantages  because  it  relieved  her  of  so  much 
of  the  nervous  strain  caused  by  this  noisy  mod¬ 
ern  world,  and  because  there  were  so  many 
things  not  worth  hearing  anyway. 

The  old  storekeeper  in  the  following  story 
who  was  hard  of  hearing  would  agree  with 
mother. 

A  salesman  was  trying  to  carry  on  a  conversa¬ 
tion  with  the  storekeeper,  in  writing,  and  here 
is  what  they  said: 

Salesman:  “Sorry  you’re  so  hard  of  hearing- 
How  long  have  you  been  that  way?” 

Old  Man:  “About  30  years.” 

Salesman:  “Ever  do  anything  about  it?” 

Old  Man:  “Yes,  saw  a  doctor  and  he  said  to 
quit  drinking  so  much.” 

Salesman:  “And  did  you  follow  the  doctor’s 
advice?” 

Old  Man:  “Yes,  I  quit  drinking  and  got  to 
where  I.  could  hear  everything  that  was  going 
on.” 

Salesman:  “How  come  then  you  can’t  hear 
now?” 

Old  Man:  “Well,  I  liked  what  I  was  drinking 
so  much  better  than  what  I  was  hearing  that  I 
went  back  to  drinking  again.” 


Cherry  St..  Poughkeepsie.  N.  Y.— Editorial  and 


AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  Constructive  and  Progressive  Since  1842.  Volume  139.  No.  17.  Published  every  other  Saturday  at  10  North  Cherry  st  pougna-eepsie.  act 

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American  Agriculturist,  August  15,  1942 


5  (447) 


TRUE  STORIES  BY  OUR  READERS. 

No.  1— TICKLISH  BUSINESS 


By  AMY  ATWATER 
( First  Prize  Winner) 

I  CALL  this  “Ticklish  Business,” 
concerning  as  it  does  some  feather¬ 
beds. 

The  featherbed,  properly  filled 
with  carefully  saved  goose  feathers,  was 
an  aristocrat  back  in  horse  and  buggy 
days,  and  holds  a  special  spot  in  the 
memory  of  a  lot  of  us.  The  making 
up  of  a  bed  then  was  an  art  —  it  meant 
more  than  smoothing  out  a  sheet  and 
pulling  up  a  blanket.  The  tick  must 
be  turned  daily,  and  pounded  and 
plumped  so  the  finished  work  present¬ 
ed  a  perfectly  smooth  surface  —  no 
bumps,  no  creases.  I  remember  the 
sheer  physical  joy  of  jumping  into  one 
on  winter  nights.  The  frost  often  en¬ 
tirely  covered  the  window  panes,  the 
wind  made  the  house  crack  and  snap, 
my  breath  was  a  white  fog;  but  that 
feather  tick  just  enveloped  me  com¬ 
pletely  like  warm  summer  air.  And  it 
was  exquisite  delight  to  wake  in  that 
warm  softness  in  the  morning  —  ex¬ 
cruciating  misery  to  leave  it. 

But  I  also  recall  things  not  so  pleas¬ 
ant  in  regard  to  featherbeds  that  con¬ 
cerned  our  family  —  mostly  grandma. 

Grandma  was  the  middle  one  of  three 
sisters.  Great-aunt  Lucy,  the  young¬ 
est,  was  slightly  lame  and  delicate. 
She  was  a  saintly  soul  with  a  sweet 
face,  and  calm  and  unhurried  ways. 
She  and  Uncle  David  lived  about  a 
mile  from  us  and  their  garden  and  po¬ 
tato  patch  added  enough  to  his  Civil 
War  pension  to  give  them  a  comfort¬ 
able  livelihood. 

Aunt  Cindy  and  Uncle  Ben  lived  in 

H - village,  seven  miles  away  over 

the  hill.  Aunt  Cindy  had  a  childish 
way  of  always  wanting  to  be  good,  of 
constantly  making  quick  decisions  and 
then  being  miserable  long  after,  won¬ 
dering  if  she  had  been  right.  I  used 
to  go  there  visiting  with  Pa  and  Ma, 
but  Grandma  never  went.  Aunt  Cindy 
used  to  say,  during  each  visit,  “I  sup¬ 
pose  my  dear  sister  is  well?”  And 
when  we  got  home,  Grandma  would 
ask,  “I  don’t  suppose  Cindy  sent  me  a 
featherbed,  did  she?” 

Of  course,  I  knew  the  reason  for  all 
this  —  everybody  did.  Grandma  and 
her  sisters  had  been  brought  up  right 
in  that  neighborhood.  The  whole  busi¬ 
ness  started  over  the  dividing  of  their 
mother’s  belongings  after  her  death. 
It  seemed  that  among  them  was  a  fine 
goosefeather  bed.  Aunt  Lucy,  last  to 
leave  home,  had  helped  make  it;  also 
one  for  herself.  Grandma  and  Aunt 
Cindy  each  wanted  their  mother’s  bed 
and  refused  to  accept  any  compromise. 
They  dickered  and  bargained  for  days. 
Then  one  day  when  Grandma  was  too 
ill  to  get  out  to  defend  her  claim,  her 
sister  drove  over  and  took  the  disputed 
article  home.  When  Grandma  found  it 
gone,  she  vowed  she  would  never  speak 
to  Aunt  Cindy  as  long  as  she  lived; 
and  that  lady  declared  she  was  asham¬ 
ed  of  a  sister  so  spiteful  she  begrudged 
a  bed  to  her  own  kin. 

So  the  feud  began;  but  strange  to 
say,  it  didn’t  spread.  The  relatives  de¬ 
plored  or  ridiculed  it,  finally  accepted 
it,  but  took  no  sides.  At  the  annual 
family  reunion,  the  two  adversaries 
talked  all  around,  but  not  to,  each  oth¬ 
er.  One  year  our  special  reunion  guest 
was  a  minister  new  to  the  community. 
In  his  remarks  after  dinner,  he  com- 
Biended  the  family  for  its  unity  and 


good  fellowship.  Pa  grinned  across  the 
table  at  us  and  loudly  cleared  his 
throat,  and  everybody  else  smiled  or 
snickered.  Grandma’s  face  grew  scar¬ 
let  and  Aunt  Cindy  fidgeted;  but  the 
situation  passed,  unnoticed  by  the 
speaker. 

Aunt  Cindy  used  to  visit  us  until  af¬ 
ter  Grandpa  died,  when  we  had  to  move 
in  with  Grandma.  It  was  just  the  next 
farm  away,  but  rebel  territory  to  my 
aunt.  However,  she  spent  each  Friday 
with  Aunt  Lucy;  and  Grandma  could 
go  there  on  any  other  day  without  a 
disagreeable  encounter.  Aunt  Lucy, 
the  dear,  was  distressed  about  it  all, 
even  offering  to  give  her  own  cherish¬ 
ed  “spare”  featherbed  to  settle  the  is¬ 
sue;  but  that  appeasement  measure 
failed. 

Well,  this  conflict  became  a  part  of 
our  lives.  It  seemed  that  a  reconcilia¬ 
tion  was  out  of  the  question.  But  I 
was  growing  up  and  began  to  feel 
curious  about  my  Grandmother.  She 
was  a  leader  in  our  little  church,  acted 
as  superintendent  of  the  Sunday 
School,  never  missed  preaching  and 
prayer  rfieeting.  She  could  quote  pages 
of  Scripture  and  argue  intelligently  on 
points  of  belief.  Every  day  she  would 
sit  in  her  bedroom  with  her  big  Bible 
on  her  lap,  rocking  and  reading.  One 
day  (I  was  around  fourteen  then)  I 
ventured  to  inquire,  “Don’t  you  think 
God  would  want  yotf  to  forgive  Aunt 
Cindy?” 

Sternly  she  rebuked  me  for  my  out¬ 
landish  notion.  Her  voice  shaking  with 
righteous  indignation,  she  told  me, 
“She  is  no  better  than  a  thief.  The 
Lord  punishes  such;  the  Bible  says  ‘an 
eye  for  an  eye’.” 

Pa,  with  an  unrighteous  twinkle  in 


his  eyes,  questioned,  “Does  it  say  ‘a 
bed  for  a  bed’?” 

No,  Grandma’s  religion  didn’t  take  in 
all  the  world,  saint  and  sinner.  She 
believed  in  Old  Testament  tactics,  its 
old  prophets.  I  used  to  wonder  —  still 
do  —  what  imp  of  perversity  prompted 
her  parents  to  name  her  “Charity.” 
Maybe  to  make  up  for  the  lack  of  it  in 
her  Puritanical  soul. 

As  time  passed  she  seemed  to  think 
more  rather  than  less  about  the  loss 
of  her  inheritance.  On  cold  winter 
nights,  while  sitting  by  the  crackling 
wood  fire,  she  would  exclaim  suddenly, 
“Well,  I  hope  Cindy’ll  be  nice  and 
warm  in  my  featherbed  tonight.” 

And  as  time  passed  she  came  to  de¬ 
pend  upon  and  look  up  to  Uncle  David. 
His  opinions  were  pure  gospel.  They 
planned  together  for  the  church;  she 
consulted  him  instead  of  Pa  about  the 
management  of  her  small  business  af¬ 
fairs,  saying  David  was  of  her  genera¬ 
tion  and  understood  her  viewpoint. 
Her  remarks  were  usually  prefaced 
with  “David  says.” 

Then  Aunt  Lucy  was  taken  ill. 
Never  strong,  she  was  left  with  a  per¬ 
sistent  cough  after  a  hard  cold,  and 
grew  weaker  and  weaker  till  she  was 
unable  to  leave  her  bed.  “Lingering 
consumption,”  was  the  general  verdict. 

Frightened  at  her  condition,  both 
sisters  consented  to  come  and  stay  a 
spell;  but  not  even  her  gentle  per¬ 
suasion  and  serious  illness  could  soften 
them  toward  each  other.  One  sat  by 
the  patient  while  the  other  ate;  they 
took  turns  sitting  up  with  her  at  night, 
but  never  by  direct  arrangement.  One 
would  say,  “David,  tell  Cindy,  I’ll  set 
up  tonight.”  Or  the  other  would  in¬ 
struct  him,  “Tell  Charity  I’ll  get  the 
dinner  today.” 

Aunt  Lucy  died  and  the  two  sisters 
stayed  till  after  her  burial.  Through 
all  their  grief,  which  I  believe  was  deep 
and  sincese,  there  was  never  a  let¬ 
down  in  their  stubbornness.  A  few 
days  after  the  funeral,  Grandma  went 
back  and  said  to  Uncle  David,  “Now 
Lucy’s  gone,  I’ll  come  up  and  stay  a 
while  and  do  for  you.” 

“No,  I’m  much  obliged  to  you,  but 
I’d  rather  be  alone.  I  can  cook  and 
I’ll  be  all  right.” 

“Hadn’t  I  better  go  through  Lucy’s 
things?  A  man  can’t  do  that.” 


A  LOT  of  folks,  no  doubt  sin- 
■^"cere,  have  been  a-whisp’- 
rin’  in  my  ear  to  tell  me  how 
much  they  have  done  toward 
gettin’  this  here  battle  won. 
Of  all  the  stories  I  have  heard, 
I  think  that  mine’s  the  final 
word;  perhaps  the  others 
sacrifice,  but  I  have  paid  the 
biggest  price.  Away  last 
spring-  I  tried  some  tricks 
that  I  had  learned  in  politics; 
I  got  my  representative,  who 
is  a  distant  relative,  to  ask 
the  governor  to  make  me 
state  fair  judge  of  pies  and 
cake.  Since  then,  whene’er 
my  wife  could  spare  some 
time  from  field  work  to  pre¬ 
pare  a  batch  of  pies  or  tarts, 
by  gee,  I’ve  practiced  con¬ 
scientiously.  But  now,  with 
heavy  heart  I  hear  there 
won’t  be  no  state  fair  this 
year. 

I’d  just  got  to  the  point 
where  I,  by  tastin’  samples 
of  her  pie,  knew  ev’ry  time 
Mirandy  got  up  on  the  wrong 
side  of  her  cot;  if  she  feels 
not  quite  up  to  snuff,  her  pies 
So  when  I’d  got  my  taster  keen  and  was  all 
set  to  pick  the  queen,  you  can  imagine  how  I  felt  as  soon’s  the  awful 
news  was  dealt.  I  wandered  out,  no  word  I  spoke,  and  sat  down  under¬ 
neath  the  oak;  I’d  prob’ly  still  be  there  right  now,  watchin’  Miranay  run 
the  plow,  except  she  fixed  it  all  up  jake,  she  took  time  off  and  baked  a 
cake.  It’s  better’n  any  medicine  to  make  a  sad  man  start  to  grin.  I 
guess,  tho  it  near  broke  my  heart,  that  I  can  stand  to  do  my  part;  be¬ 
sides;  if  I  had  been  the  judge  of  all  that  pie  and  cake  and  fudge,  I’d 
prob’ly  be  the  sickest  guy  that  ever  bit  into  a  pie. 


will  show  it  quick  enough. 


j  PRIZE  WINNERS 

Horse  and  Buggy  Days9 
Contest 


No.  1 

Mrs.  Amy  Atwater 
Brooktondale,  N.  Y. 

.$15.00 

No.  3 

F.  H.  Hillman 
Greenwich,  N.  Y. 

5.00> 

No.  3 

Bert  H.  Townsend. 
Plainfield,  Vt. 

3.00 

No.  4 

Mrs.  George  Bowen 
Bemsen,  N.  Y. 

2.00 

No.  5 

Mrs.  Percy  Borden 
Caribou,  Maine. 

2.00 

No.  6 

Elizabeth  Lambert 
Randall,  N.  Y. 

2.00 

No.  7 

E.  M.  Stufflebeam 
Bakersfield,  Vt. 

2.00 

No.  8 

Mrs.  Emily  A.  Pierce 
Westport,  N.  Y. 

2.00 

No.  9 

Mrs.  James  Atherton 
Winchester,  N.  H. 

2.00 

The 

frank 

judges  of  this  contest  are 
to  say  that  they  never  had  a 

harder  job  than  trying  to  pick  the 
winners  from  among  the  thousand 
and  one  letters  that  came  in  from  ' 
American  Agriculturist  readers. 
Every  letter  entered  in  the  Horse 
and  Buggy  Days’  contest  contained 
a  human  interest  story  of  farm 
life.  Had  we  the  space,  we  would 
like  to  publish  with  the  above  list 
of  winners  a  score  of  Honorable 
Mentions,  but  instead  we  plan  to 
print  as  many  as  possible  of  these 
true  stories  as  a  sequel  to  Carl  and 
Ed’s  “Growing  Up  in  the  Horse  and 
Buggy  Days.”  Begin  the  sequel 
now  with  the  first  prize  winner’s 
amusing  account  of  a  family  feud 
over  a  featherbed.  You’ll  chuckle  I 
from  start  to  finish.  I 

.  ■—  i  —  - - -  -  -  ■  / 

“No,  I  don’t  want  ’em  touched.  Not 
yet,  anyway.” 

She  came  home  disappointed  and 
provoked,  but  not  beaten.  She  meant 
to  try  agaift.  “David’s  upset  now,  of 
course;  but  he’ll  be  glad  to  have  me 
help  him.  He  knows  I  understand  his 
ways.” 

The  following  day  Aunt  Cindy  drove 
over  to  go  over  “poor  Lucy’s  things” 
and  was  likewise  refused  the  privilege. 

The  next  week  it  happened  that  both 
of  them  went  to  see  the  bereaved  man 
on  the  same  day.  Grandma  walked  up 
to  have  a  talk  with  him,  but  he  still 
refused  her  offers  of  help. 

“Well,  David,  I  would  like  that 
featherbed  of  Lucy’s.  That  come  from 
our  family.  A  lot  of  Ma’s  things  are 
here.”  « 

“Yes,  I  suppose  so.  But  Lucy  and 
I’ve  used  ’em  together  and  I  want  ’em 
left  as  they  are.” 

In  the  midst  of  this  conversation 
Aunt  Cindy  arrived — a  bit  taken  aback 
to  find  her  rival;  but  she  presented  her 
plan. 

“Now  that  poor  Lucy’s  gone,  David, 
I  thought  you  might  give  her  best 
featherbed  to  Charity  and  that  would 
even  us  up.  Then  I’d  take  the  marble- 

topped  table  and  Ma’s  old  mirror - ” 

My  uncle  exploded  right  there.  He 
was  a  littie  man,  usually  good-natured 
and  mild.  But  when  excited,  his  chin 
whiskers  worked  up  and  down  - — -  “like 
a  pump  handle  in  a  drouth,”  Pa  used 
to  say.  He  jumped  up  and  shook  his 
fist  at  one,  then  the  other. 

“Why,  you  —  you  schemin’  thieves, 
jest  like  hawks  waitin’  to  pounce. 
Thank  the  Lord,  Lucy  wasn’t  like  you. 
She  was  an  angel.  And  you  won’t  take 
a  thing  from  this  house;  you’ve  got  no 
right  to  it.  Jest  you  try  it  and  I’ll 
have  the  law  on  you.  Both  of  you  get 
out  right  now  and  don’t  dast  to  come 
back!” 

Breaking  thru  the  wall  of  silence 
built  so  carefully  for  twenty  years,  my 
aunt  exclaimed,  “Charity,  do  you  hear 
what  he  says?” 

And  Grandma  put  her  arms  around 
her  sister  and  lamented,  as  they  both 

( Continued  on  Page  20) 


(448)  6 


American  Agriculturist,  August  15,  1942 


rf/orite^uc/a/  ipyotf/uu'ea 

UTICA  RADIATOR 

HEATING  SYSTEM 


You’re  lucky  . . .  and  you  know  it ...  if  you  are  enjoying  the 
even  distribution  and  the  gentle  warmth  of  a  radiator  heating 
system.  There  is  nothing  like  hot  water  or  steam  heating  for 
cleanliness,  for  health,  and  for  downright  economy,  too. 

Today  when  many  of  the  foundries  which  formerly  made 
handsome  jacketed  boilers  and  streamlined  radiators  are 

producing  ordnance  materials,  your 
heating  plant  would  be  very  difficult  if 
not  impossible  to  replace. That’s  why  to¬ 
day,  more  than  ever  before,  you  should 
take  good  care  of  your  heating  system 
so  that  it  will  continue  to  give  you  the 
same  efficient  and  economical  output 
of  healthful  heat. 


UTICA  Boilers  and 
Radiators  are  efficient 
and  economical. 


Your  heating  plant  is  a  fine  piece  of 
machinery.  It  needs  the  attention  and 
checking  that  fine  machinery  requires. 
Call  your  local  contractor  for  an  inspec¬ 
tion  of  your  heating  plant.  Remember, 
your  government  wants  you  to  keep 
your  heating  plant  in  good  running 
order  to  conserve  metal  and  to  save  fuel. 

UTICA  RADIATOR 

CORPORATION 
UTICA,  N.Y. 


Coming  to 

PHILADELPHIA  ? 

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l-JDTFI  Radios  in  Every  Room 

PHILADELPHIAN 

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PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


Jo  Relieve 

Misery 


LIQUID, TABLETS.  SALVE.  NOSE  DROPS 
Fred  Gamage,  R.  2,  Litchfield,  Me. 

HARDWOOD  SAWDUST  OR  SHAVINGS.  Car  lots 

$40.00,  standard  box  cars  filled  to  capacity.  MONT  - 
CELLO  LUMBER  CO,  INC.,  Monticello,  New  York. 


The  Farm  Station 
of  New  England 


LISTEN  ... _ 

to  your  kind  of  programs 
at  1290  on  your  radio 


Adfuiliny  the  ====== 

CORN  BINDER 


A 


fey  Paul  P. 

Agricultural  Engineering  Department,  Cornell  University. 

NY  correctly  adjusted  farm  im-  This  increases  wear  on  the  teeth  and 
plement  saves  labor,  saves  time  may  cause  the  chains  to  break.  Tight-; 


and  reduces  cost  of  operation.  The 
corn  binder  is  no  exception,  and  cor¬ 
rect  adjustment  of  this  machine  re¬ 
sults  in  easier  draft,  better  operation 


Fig.  1. 


Corn  binder  cutting  unit  showing 

stationary  knives,  sickle,  pitman 
and  sickle  guides. 

of  the  binder  and  knotter  head,  and 
bundles  of  the  desired  size. 

LUBRICATION 

Frequent  lubrication  of  all  bearings, 
chains  and  other  working  parts  pro¬ 
longs  the  life  and  adds  to  the  efficiency 
of  the  corn  binder.  The  hard-to-reach 
oil  holes  and  grease  fittings  must  not 
be  neglected. 

CUTTING  MECHANISM 

Dull  cutting  parts  increase  the  draft, 
add  to  the  strain  on  the  driving  mech¬ 
anism  and  may  cause  the  machine  to 
clog.  The  two  stationary  knives  can  be 
taken  off  and  sharpened, 
and  when  they  are  re¬ 
placed,  the  bevelled  edges 
should  be  down.  When  tne 
sickle  is  sharpened,  the 
cutting  edges  should  be 
ground  evently,  to  main¬ 
tain  the  same  angle  and 
bevel  as  when  the  sickle  was 
new.  Because  they  operate  in  dust 
and  grit,'  both  the  stationary  knives 
and  the  sickle  must  be  sharpened  fre¬ 
quently. 

The  sickle  must  run  freely  in  the 
guides,  but  it  should  not  have  excessive 
play.  When  the  sickle  head  becomes 
worn,  the  sickle  head  guide  can  be  ad¬ 
justed  to  take  up  the  wear.  (Figure  1.) 
The  sickle  guide  at  the  outer  end  of  the 
sickle  should  also  be  adjusted,  to  take 
up  wear  at  that  point.  (Figure  1-A). 

ELEVATING  MECHANISM 

The  elevating  mechanism  consists  of 
six  chains  to  which  are  attached  the 
fingers  for  moving  the  corn  through 
the  machine.  The  chains  gradually  be¬ 
come  longer,  due  to  wear  in  the  joints, 
and  ride  out  on  the  sprocket  teeth. 


eners  are  provided  for  each  of  the 
chains  and  they  should  be  adjusted  so 
that  the  chains  run  freely  but  are  not 
too  tight.  (Figure  2.)  After  a  chain  is 
badly  worn  it  becomes  so  long  that  the 
tighteners  cannot  keep  it  from  climb¬ 
ing  the  sprocket  teeth.  It 
must  then  be  replaced 
with  a  new  chain. 

When  the  chains  are 
correctly  placed  on  the 
sprockets,  the  open  side 
of  the  hook  at  the  end  of 
the  link  is  away  from  the 
sprocket  and  the  driving 
sprocket  teeth  are  pressing  against  the 
inside  of  the  hook  end  of  the  links. 
(Figure  3.). 

The  elevating  chains  which  run  op¬ 
posite  to  each  other  should  be  put  on 
the  sprockets  so  that  the  lugs  alternate 
as  they  move  along  the  throat  of  the 
binder.  This  eliminates  the  danger  of 
the  ears  wedging  between  lugs  and  in¬ 
terfering  with  the  operation  of  the 
elevator  chains. 

BINDER  HEAD 

The  binder  head  of  a  corn  binder  is 
practically  identical  with  that  of  a 
grain  binder,  and  the  appearance  is 
similar,  except  that  on  most  corn  bind¬ 
ers,  the  binder  head  (packer  shaft,  tier 
shaft,  etc.,)  stands  vertical.  Twine  ty- 


Run  flat  side  of 
lug  next  to  corn. 


Fig.  3. 


Hook  end  pointing  in 
direction  of  rotation 
with  the  opening  out 

NEW  CHAIN 


DRIVE  SPROCKET 


(Left)  Correct  application  of  chain  to  sprocket  wheel. 
(Right)  When  new  chains  are  purchased,  length  B  of 
link  must  equal  distance  A  between  sprocket  teetlu 


Adjustable  Up  and 
Down  for  tension 
of  chains,  and  Out 
or  In  for  more  or 
less  throat  ca¬ 
pacity. 


The  top  chain  tightener  is  adjustable 
two  ways. 

ing  troubles  can  be  corrected  the  same 
as  on  a  grain  binder,  by  adjustment  of 
the  twine  tension,  the  knotter  bills 
spring  or  the  twine-disk-holder  spring. 
These  three  adjustments  can  be  tested 
with  a  spring  scale. 

When  correctly  adjusted: 

(1.)  7  pounds  pull  at  the  eye  of  the 
needle  is  required  to  pull  the  twine 
through  the  twine  tension. 

(2.)  14  pounds  pull  is  required  to  pull 
the  completed  knot  off  the  knotter 
bills. 

(3.)  35  to  40  pounds  pull  is  required  to 
pull  the  end  of  the  twine 
out  of  the  twin  e-disk 
holder. 

The  needle  may  also 
cause  tying  troubles.  It 
may  be  bent  or  it  may 
not  have  enough  forward 
travel.  Heavy  stalks  or 
ears  of  corn  may  get  into 
its  path  and  bend  the 
needle.  When  this  hap¬ 
pens,  the  needle  cannot 
place  the  tWine  in  the 
t\yine-disk  holder,  and  the 
knotter  becomes  un¬ 
threaded.  A  bent  needle 
can  be  straightened  by 
first  slipping  a  small  pipe 
ever  the  end  of  the  needle 
and  then  holding  the 

( Continued  on 

opposite  page) 


~r 

B 


Distance  A  is 
equal  to  distance  B 


American  Agriculturist,  August  15,  1942 


7  (449) 


RESERVES  By  W.  Mitchell 


THE  WISDOM  of  having  something 
in  reserve  for  emergency  use 
seems  to  be  the  answer  to  winning  a 
war,  whether  it  is  men  and  munitions, 
food,  or  fertility  in  the  soil.  Consider¬ 
ing  the  shortage  of  men  and  gasoline 
to  work  the  soil,  the  nitrates  and 
chemical  fertilizers  to  add  to  it,  the 
men  who  have  mulched  to  build  up  a 
reserve  of  plant  food  under  their  trees 
seem  in  a  fair  way  to  profit  now  from 
building  up  that  reserve. 

That  it  is  a  reserve,  and  a  good  one, 
can  be  seen  by  looking  at  trees  that 
have  had  this  treatment  and  compar¬ 
ing  them  with  those  that  have  not. 
Whether  it  is  food  or  moisture,  a  heavy 
mulch  under  an  apple  tree  seems  to 
provide  one  and  conserve  the  other, 
and  make  for  better  growth  and  less 
damage  from  cold  weather.  It  ought 
not  to  be  mentioned  publicly,  because 
we  ought  to  put  drops  into  by-products, 
but  a  mulch  also  saves  many  of  the 
drops  so  they  may  be  put  on  the  mar¬ 
ket  as  fresh  fruit. 

The  cost  of  mulching  is  considerable, 
and  more  than  keeping  an  orchard  un¬ 
der  cultivation;  but  mulch  can  be  ap¬ 
plied  and  spread  at  any  season  of  the 
year,  whenever  material  is  available 
and  time  and  labor  to  do  it  can  be 
had.  Cultivation  has  to  be  done  within 
a  limited  period  of  time. 

It  is  surprising  how  much  material 
that  is  suitable  for  mulch  can  be  col¬ 
lected  on  the  average  farm,  once  you 
begin  to  look  for  it  and  to  save  it. 
Weeds  and  rubbish  of  all  sorts  that 
have  hitherto  gone  to  waste  and  been 
an  expense  may  be  converted  to  mulch 
under  an  apple  tree  and  made  to  pay  a 
profit.  All  the  trimmings  from  the 
roadside  and  the  ditches,  all  the  poor 
hay  and  straw,  anything  from  neigh¬ 


boring  waste  lands  or  old  hay  or  straw 
stacks  are  grist  for  the  mulching  mill 
and  soon  turn  to  valuable  plant  food. 

It  seems  strange  that  it  has  taken 
us  so  long  to  follow  the  pioneering 
lead  of  Mr.  Grant  Hitchings  who  has 
followed  and  preached  this  practice  for 
more  years  than  I  care  to  admit.  Why 
growers  did  not  interpret  this  story  of 
mulching  as  told  by  Mother  Nature  in 
her  woodlands  and  a  hundred  other 
places,,  seems  hard  to  understand.  But 
now  the  practice  has  come  into  vogue, 
and  we  will  probably  follow  it,  as  we 
do  so  many  other  ruts,  till  long  after 
some  other  method  has  been  evolved 
that  is  better  for  the  trees  and  land. 

Men  are  like  that;  they  get  “sot  in 
their  ways”  and  it  is  hard  to  get  them 
to  change.  People  have  tried  educa¬ 
tion,  persuasion  and  dictation  with 
regimentation,  but  the  inertia  of 
human  nature  in  the  mass  remains. 
Men  change  slowly  and  but  little  at  a 
time.  Perhaps  it  is  just  as  well  that 
this  is  so.  Perhaps  it  acts  as  a  brake 
on  changes  that  might  be  too  sudden 
and  violent  for  our  good.  Probably  it 
prevents  lots  of  mistakes  that  would 
be  hard  to  mend.  At  any  rate,  it  is  a 
phenomenon  with  which  we  have  to 
deal  and  we  might  as  well  make  the 
best  of  it.  Mulching  apple  trees  has 
in  it  something  of  the  same  character, 
it  prevents  sudden  changes  in  tem¬ 
perature,  food  and  water  in  the  soil, 
and  tends  to  keep  the  trees  on  an  even 
keel.  If  you  have  not  tried  it,  or  are 
mulching  in  a  half-hearted  way,  give 
it  a  thorough  trial  over  a  considerable 
period  of  time,  and  you  will  find  you 
have  built  up  reserves  in  your  soil  and 
under  your  trees  that  will  stand  in 
good  stead  when  the  call  comes  for 
reserves. 


Adjusting  the  Corn  Binder 

( Continued  from  opposite  page ) 


Bhank  with  a  monkey  wrench  while  the 
point  is  being  forced  into  place. 

There  may  be  enough  wear  in  the 
needle  driving  mechanism  to  prevent 
the  needle  from  travelling  forward  far 
enough  to  place  the  twine  in  the  twine- 
disk  holder.  The  forward  movement  of 
the  needle  can  be  increased  by  shorten¬ 
ing  the  needle  pitman  a  few  turns.  The 
pitman  must  not  be  so  short  that  the 
needle  point  extends  more  than  %  of 
an  inch  above  the  deck  when  the  needle 
is  at  rest. 

FIELD  OPERATION 

On  most  binders,  the  grain  wheel  is 
adjustable  forward  and  back  to  bal¬ 
ance  the  weight  of  the  machine.  The 
wheel  can  be  shifted  to  the  rear  to  pre¬ 


£OYA/^</C/-^ 


5 

“ You’d  belter  put  the  car  in  the 
garage,  joiin.  Tomorrow’s  junk  day!” 


vent  whipping  of  the  pole,  or  to  place 
the  proper  weight  on  the  tongue  truck. 
It  can  be  shifted  to  the  fropt  to  re¬ 
lieve  weight  on  the  horses’  necks  when 
the  tongue  is  not  used. 

The  butt  pan,  upon  which  the  butts 
slide  from  the  sickle  to  the  binding 
head,  is  adjustable  up  and  down.  The 
pan  should  be  raised  for  short  corn, 
when  the  band  must  be  placed  closer 
to  the  butts.  In  medium  to  tall  corn, 
the  binder  should  be  operated  with  the 
butt  pan  in  its  lowest  position. 

The  size  of  the  bundle  is  adjusted  by 
moving  the  bundle  stop.  For  a  small 
bundle,  move  the  bundle  stop  towards 
the  needle  and  for  a  large  bundle  move 
it  away  from  the  needle.  The  tight¬ 
ness  of  the  bundle  is  controlled  by  the 
tension  of  the  trip  spring,  never  by 
changing  the  adjustment  of  the  twine 
tension  that  is  on  or  near  the  twine 
box.  If  a  tighter  bundle  is  wanted,  the 
trip  spring  is  tightened,  if  a  looser 
bundle  is  wanted,  the  spring  is  loosen¬ 
ed.  The  trip  spring  can  be  located  by 
operating  the  trip  by  hand  and  observ¬ 
ing  which  spring  when  it  is  compress¬ 
ed  by  the  trip  directly  causes  the  driv¬ 
ing  clutch  to  function.  The  trip  may 
also  compress  a  second  spring  which 
is  put  in  for  cushioning. 

More  information  about  corn  bind¬ 
ers  can  be  secured  from  the  Agricultur¬ 
al  Engineering  Department,  Cornell 
University,  Ithaca,  New  York.  Ask  for 
War  Emergency  Bulletin  No.  34  “Com¬ 
mon  Binder  Troubles”  and  Agricultural 
Engineering  Seasonal  Suggestion 
“Corn  Binder  Troubles.” 


A  Part  of  Your  Job — Buy 
War  Bonds  and  Stamps 


Both  Kinds  of  Eggs 
will  help  beat  Hitler 


. . .  the  kind  our  bombers  lay  on  enemy  objectives  and  the 
kind  your  hens  produce  as  part  of  the  Government's  food 
program  for  victory. 

One  way  you  can  worry  Hitler  is  to  keep  your  laying  flock 
from  getting  into  a  midsummer  slump  in  egg  production.  Hens 
that  have  produced  well  during  the  Spring  and  early  Summer 
can  go  into  a  marked  decline  with  the  advent  of  hot  weather 
unless  careful  feeding  is  maintained. 

A  good  laying  mash,  fed  to  good  hens,  will  hold  egg  pro¬ 
duction  at  high  levels.  One  important  ingredient  of  good 
laying  mashes  is  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL.  High  protein  (41%) 
and  a  good  vitamin  A  potency,  two  big  factors  in  egg  pro¬ 
duction,  are  combined  in  this  one  ingredient.  In  addition, 
CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL  contains  the  pigmentation  producing 
substance,  xanthophyll,  important  in  rations  for  broilers.  In  a 
word,  a  triple-threat  (to  Hitler)  feedstuff. 

Look  for  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL  on  the  list  of  ingredients  on 
the  tag  or  bag  of  the  mash  you  buy. 


CORN  PRODUCTS  SALES  CO. 
NEW  YORK  •  CHICAGO 

DISTRIBUTORS  OF 

DIAMOND 

OLDEST  AND  BIGGEST 
SELLING  BRAND  OF 


CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


FARMERS ! 


GET  THE  LATEST 

NEWS 

ON  THE  FARM  FRONT 

BY  UNITED  PRESS 

1  P.  M.  DAILY 

Tune  WBTA  First 

DIAL  1490 


Harry  S.  Ashton,  R.  2,  Spencerport,  N.  Y. 

Are  You  Moving? 


If  YOU  ARE,  you  will  want 
the  address  on  your  paper 
changed.  On  a  postal  card  or 
by  letter  write  us  your  old 
and  your  new  address. 

CIRCULATION  DEPARTMENT, 

10  North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


(450)  a 

Quiz 

on 

Farm 

Junk 


The  country  is  calling  for  Junk— stuff  that  is  rusting  in  fence  corners, 
back  of  the  barn  and  down  in  the  gully.  Fifty  per  cent  of  every  tank, 
gun  and  ship  is  made  from  scrap  steel. 


Q-  What  kinds  of  Junk  does  our 
country  especially  need? 

A.  Iron  and  steel;  rubber;  and  all 
scrap  metals  such  as  copper,  brass, 
zinc  and  tin ;  rags ;  burlap  bags ; 
and  Manila  rope. 

Q-  Why  should  scrap  pass 
through  the  hands  of  Junk 
dealers  ? 

A.  Scrap  must  be  properly  sorted, 
graded,  prepared  and  packed,  and 
accumulated  in  lots  large  enough 
to  ship  efficiently,  before  it  can  be 
J  used  by  mills.  Only  the  Junk  deal¬ 
er  has  the  experience  and  equip¬ 
ment  to  do  this.  Junk  is  bought  by 
industry  from  scrap  dealers  at  es¬ 
tablished,  government -controlled 
prices.  '  l( 

Q.  How  can  one  be  sure  that 
the  Junk  dealers  won’t 
hold  the  scrap  to  get  higher 
prices? 

A.  The  Junk  dealer  cannot  get  higher 
prices  by  holding,  since  ceilings 
have  been  placed  by  the  govern¬ 
ment  on  prices  at  which  he  can 
sell  to  consuming  mills.  In  case 
of  hoarding,  the  government  has 
power  of  requisitioning. 

Q.  Are  there  ceiling  prices  on 
all  scrap  and  waste  mate¬ 
rials  ? 

A.  The  government  has  fixed  ceil¬ 
ing  prices  regulating  sales  of  all 
important  waste  materials  to  con¬ 
suming  mills.  There  is  no  limita¬ 
tion  on  selling  at  prices  below  the 
ceilings. 

Q.  Why  doesn’t  the  govern¬ 
ment  prescribe  prices  which 
Junk  dealers  will  pay  for 
scrap  ? 

A.  There  are  too  many  factors  in¬ 
volved  to  make  this  practical.  The 


value  of  Junk  on  a  farm  or  in  a 
home  depends  upon  its  form  and 
the  cost  of  transporting  it  to  mar¬ 
ket.  Naturally,  the  price  ceilings 
limit  the  amount  which  Junk 
dealers  can  afford  to  pay. 

Q.  Why  doesn’t  the  govern¬ 
ment  collect  Junk? 

A.  The  government  is  collecting 
scrap  iron  and  rubber  on  farms 
where  Junk  dealers  are  not  nor¬ 
mally  available.  In  most  places  the 
collection  problem  does  not  war¬ 
rant  establishing  a  government- 
operated  system. 

Q.  Does  the  government  want 
gifts  of  scrap  materials? 

A.  The  government  prefers  that  gifts 
of  scrap  be  made  to  local  charities, 
service  organizations  or  Defense 
Councils.  If  you  wish  to  help  the 
government  directly  with  your 
scrap,  sell  it  to  a  Junk  dealer  and 
buy  War  Stamps  or  Bonds  with 
the  proceeds. 

Q.  Why  are  so-called  “auto¬ 
mobile  graveyards”  per¬ 
mitted  to  exist? 

A.  Because  every  day  cars  are  nor¬ 
mally  sold  to  graveyards  for  junk¬ 
ing,  it  is  desirable  to  keep  auto 
graveyards  in  business  as  produc¬ 
ers  of  scrap  and  sellers  of  second¬ 
hand  parts.  The  aim  of  the  War 
Production  Board  is  to  keep  this 
process  moving,  but  to  speed  it  up 
so  that  every  graveyard  will  scrap 
each  car  it  buys  within  60  days. 

Q.  How  do  /  turn  it  in  ? 

A.  Collect  it  and  pile  it  up  and 

1.  Call  the  nearest  Junk  dealer  io 
come  and  get  it. 

2.  If  there  is  no  near-by  dealer, 
write  or  phone  your  County  War 
Board  or  get  in  touch  with  your 
farm  implement  dealer. 


This  message  approved  by  Conservation  Division 

AR  PRODUCTION  BOARD 


This  advertisement  paid  for  by  the  American  Industries  Salvage  Committee 
( representing  and  with  funds  provided  by  groups  of  leading  industrial  concerns). 


American  Agriculturist,  August  15,  1942 


A  eMatioMf  tMame-Made- 

Ensilage  Cart 

fey  J!..  M.  HoeJtl 


<•  The  ensilage  cart  partial¬ 
ly  completed. 


y  The  completed  cart  lying 
on  its  side  to  show  con¬ 
struction  details. 


(Editor's  Note  :  Why  consume  valuable 
time  in  carrying  ensilage  in  a  bushel 
basket  when  an  ensilage  cart  can  be 
made  at  home?  The  present  labor  short¬ 
ages  make  it  important  to  save  every 
minute  of  time,  and  this  is  a  real  time- 
saver.  If  you  have  worked  out  time¬ 
saving  gadgets  on  your  farm,  send  to 
American  Agriculturist,  P.  O.  Box  367-TS, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  an  explanation  with  a 
rough  sketch  so  we  can  pass  them  along 
to  our  readers.) 

THIS  ensilage  cart  is  inexpensive, 
easy  to  make,  and  sturdy.  It  is 
made  of  materials  obtainable  locally 
and  can  be  constructed  by  farmers  with 
tools  at  hand  on  farms. 

The  cart  may  be  made  to  a  width. 


shown  in  the  pictures.  Four  pieces  of 
2”x4”x23%”  are  spiked  together, 
thus  making  sufficient  wheel  clearance. 

To  house  the  %”  x  28%”  axle, -a  piece 
of  %”  material  is  nailed  at  each  side  of 
the  axle,  and  a  %”  piece  as  long  and 
wide  as  the  2”  x  4”  pieces  is  nailed  over 
them  as  shown.  Two  three-quarter  inch 
washers  are  used  for  each  wheel.  The 
wheels  are  held  on  the  shaft  with  cot¬ 
ter  pins. 

The  floor  is  nailed  to  the  end  sills 
with  box  nails  and  fastened  to  the  axle 
housing  with  nine  3”  No.  14  flat  head 
wood  screws.  The  axle  housing  is  plac¬ 
ed  at  24”  from  the  square  end. 

The  framing  of  the  slanting  end 
(Fig.  C)  is  made  of  2”  x 
4”  stock,  cut  to  length  and 
assembled  with  16d  com¬ 
mon  nails,  as  shown  in  the 
drawing.  It  and  the  up¬ 
right  end  framing  (Fig. 
D)  are  done  before  the 
floor  is  nailed  in  place. 
Matched  fir  flooring,  %” 


length,  and  height  to  suit 
the  user.  This  one  is  6  ft. 
long,  29  %”  wide,  and  25” 
high  and  holds  about  16 
bushels. 

The  wooden  wheels 
(Fig.  A)  are  inexpensive, 
simple  to  make,  and  dur¬ 
able.  They  are  made  of 
two  pieces  of  12”  oak  or 
other  hardwood  fastened 
together  at  cross  grain  by 
use  of  16-1  %  No.  12  flat 
head  wood  screws  or  12 
6d  common  nails  for  each 
wheel.  Bolts  may  be  used. 

Holes  %”  in  diameter  are  bored  at  the 
center  for  the  %”  axle. 

Width  of  cart  depends  on  manger 
and  door  widths  and  turns  to  be  made 
in  the  barn.  This  one  is  29 %”  wide.  The 
wheel  and  axle  assembly  (Fig.  B)  is 
made  to  be  placed  under  the  cart,  as 


x  314”,  is  used  for  the  box.  By  placing 
the  flooring  lengthwise  as  planned, 
forks  and  shovels  do  not  catch  on  the 
edges  of  boards.  A  piece  of  the  floor¬ 
ing,  29  %”  long,  is  nailed  across  under 
the  front  or  slanting  end  to  tie  the  as¬ 
sembly  more  firmly  together. 

The  front  supporting  post 
is  a  piece  of  2”  x  4”  and 
9(4”  long.  It  is  fastened  to 
the  front  sill  by  the  use  of 
”  x  4”  carriage  bolts. 
The  other  two  supporting 
posts  are  2”  x  4”  x  10”  and 
spiked  to  the  end  of  a  piece 
of  2”  x  12”  which  is  spiked 
under  the  2”  x  4”  sill  as 
shown  in  the  picture.  The 
length  of  these  posts  de¬ 
pends  partly  on  the  barn  in 
which  the  cart  is  to  be  used. 
If  a  ramp  exists  it  may  be 
desirable  to  cut  them 
shorter. 

The  axle  housing  and 
posts  at  the  slanting  end 
are  further  supported  by 
nailing  a  piece  of  the  floor¬ 
ing  across  the  edges  of  the 
posts  and  then  nailing  two 
more  pieces  to  the  edge  of 
this  cross  brace  and  the  un¬ 
der  side  of  the  axle  hous¬ 
ing.  For  a  handle,  a  piece 
of  wood  1%”  square  is 
planed  round,  shaped  at  the 
ends  as  shown  in  the  draw¬ 
ing  and  attached  with  a  3” 
No.  14  screw  at  each  end 
allowing  1%”  space  for 
hands.  The  cart  is  finished 

( Continued  on  Page  16) 


|3/4  space 


9  ^4 


2X4X36 


2X4X12 


2  X4XIO 


16  D  COMMON  NAILS 


4-2A4X23 


2X4X28 


2  X  4  X  9  /g 


^CARRIAGE  BOLTS 


Construction  details.  It  is  suggested  that  the  wooden 
wheel  be  sawed  by  a  work  shop  which  has  a  circular 
saw  and  that  you  get  a  machinist  to  drill  the  holes 
in  the  ends  of  the  axle  to  hold  cotter  pins. 


American  Agriculturist,  August  15,  1942 

THE  BOYS  ARE 

"  ^IcJzinCf  cMoU" 

Young  Farmers  Combine  Science  and  Practice 

By  H.  L.  COSLINE 


EVERY  two  weeks  an  issue  of  Am¬ 
erican  Agriculturist  goes  into  the 
mail.  To  do  that  job  and  to  do  it  on 
time,  we  who  are  responsible  for  it 
must  spend  some  time  at  our  desks. 
But  to  give  you  the  kind  of  a  farm 
paper  you  want,  we  must  also  walk 
over  some  land,  talk  with  its  owners, 
and  see  good  livestock  and  crops.  This 
year  gas  rationing  has  made  it  difficult 
to  do  enough  of  that;  so  when  a  friend 
announced  a  business  trip  to  see  a 
number  of  young  farmers,  I  jumped  at 
the  opportunity  to  go  along.  Here  are 
a  few  observations  and  thoughts  from 
what  I  saw  and  heard. 

GROWING  HEIFERS 

I  saw  some  nice,  well  grown  young 
stock  with  good  records  back  of  them. 
A  few  were  too  thin.  Production  fig¬ 
ures  show  a  definite  relationship  be¬ 
tween  the  size  of  a  cow  and  the  milk 
she  wall  give,  and  the  best  time  to  put 
on  that  size  is  when  the  heifer  is  young. 
You  cannot  do  it  by  turning  heifers  out 
on  pasture  and  forgetting  them.  They 
need  some  grain,  and  regardless  of  how 
good  the  pasture  is,  they  will  profit  by 
access  to  good  hay. 

WEIGHING  MILK 

One  young  fellow  who  knew  the  av¬ 
erage  production  of  the  herd  expressed 
interest  in  having  a  better  check  on 
the  individual  production  of  his  cows, 
but  said  there  was  no  readily  available 
Babcock  tester  in  his  neighborhood.  To 
be  sure,  that  is  a  handicap;  but  it  seems 
to  me  that  of  the  two,  milk  weights 
are  more  important  than  butter-fat 
tests.  Weighing  and  recording  the 
milk  from  each  cow  one  day  a  month 
will  give  a  check  on  yearly  production 
which  is  accurate  enough  for  all  prac¬ 
tical  purposes.  If,  in  addition,  a  dairy¬ 
man  could  get  a  Babcock  test  on  the 
herd  a  couple  of  times  a  year,  it  would 
give  him  a  very  good  idea  of  butterfat 
tests  of  each  cow.  There  is  no  advant¬ 
age  in  keeping  figures  just  for  figures’ 
sake.  What  counts  is  the  information 
you  can  get  from  therir;  and  with  the 
possible  exception  of  a  yearly  invent¬ 
ory,  what  figures  are  there  that  will 
give  more  information  to  dairymen 
than  close  approximation  of  the  amount 
of  milk  each  cow  gives  during  her  lac¬ 
tation  period? 

PUREBRED S 

We  talked  with  a  couple  of  young 
fellows  who  are  buying  young  stock 
with  records  back  of  them,  and  work¬ 
ing  into  purebreds.  In  spite  of  all  that 
has  been  said  in  favor  of  purebreds  (to 


all  of  which  I  say  “amen”),  there  is  a 
definite  danger  that  must  be  avoided. 
This  comes  from  a  reluctance  to  cull 
out  any  of  the  purebreds,  and  the  temp¬ 
tation  to  keep  all  of  them  in  order  to 
change  the  herd  over  at  a  faster  rate. 
Occasionally,  the  result  has  been  that 
a  purebred  herd,  when  established,  pro¬ 
duced  no  more  milk  than  the  old  grade 
herd. 

Equally  troublesome  is  a  natural  re¬ 
luctance  to  pay  the  market  price  for 
purebreds  with  good  production  records 
back  of  them.  Of  course  they  cost 
money,  but  they  are  worth  it.  This 
type  of  animal  takes  a  lot  of  the 
guessing  out  of  breeding,  and  I  have 
never  yet  heard  of  a  man  who  shut  his 
eyes  and  paid  the  price  asked  for  a 
good  animal  who,  at  any  later  date,  ever 
wished  he  had  bought  a  poorer  one. 

Breeding  livestock  is  a  slow  process 
at  the  best,  and  isn’t  it  true  that  with 
most  products  there  is  a  wider  range  in 
quality  than  there  is  in  price  ?  The 
poorest  often  sells  for  more  than  it  is 
worth;  the  best  frequently  sells  for  less. 

MASTITIS 

Although  in  the  past  Bovine  TB  has 
stolen  the  headlines,  and  at  present 
Bang’s  disease  is  getting  plenty  of  at¬ 
tention,  it  is  my  opinion  that  right  now, 
mastitis  is  costing  dairymen  more 
money  than  any  other  one  disease. 
You  can  take  this  for  what  it  is  worth, 
but  it  is  my  observation  that  many  a 
dairyman  fails  to  realize  the  presence 
of  mastitis  until  his  herd  is  badly  af¬ 
fected.  No  means  has  yet  been  found 
of  eradicating  it,  so  the  fight  against 
mastitis  needs  continual  vigilance  and 
attention  before  trouble  gets  too  seri¬ 
ous. 

HAY 

This  has  been  a  bad  year  to  get  in 
hay.  Therefore,  I  was  particularly  in¬ 
terested  to  talk  with  one  dairyman 
who,  on  July  23,  had  his  haying  all 
done  and  said  that  very  little  of  it  had 
been  rained  on.  Seldom  have  I  seen  a 
neater  farmstead  than  this  place.  My 
conclusion,  therefore,  was  that  here 
was  a  man  who  did  his  work  on  time 
and  took  advantage  of  every  opportun¬ 
ity.  This  belief  was  strengthened  by 
his  comment,  “We  had  to  work  pretty 
late  a  few  nights  when  we  thought  it 
was  going  to  rain  the  next  day.” 

ARTIFICIAL  BREEDING 

It  seems  to  me  that  interest  in  ar¬ 
tificial  breeding  is  increasing  rapidly. 
One  of  the  things  that  is  holding  this 
development  back  is  the  too  frequent 
thought  that  its  chief  merit  is  saving 
money.  All  of  the  evidence  I  can  get 
indicates  that  it  is  little  if  any  cheaper 
to  breed  artificially.  The  great  ad¬ 
vantage  is  the  possibility  of  breeding 
to  better  sires. 

Some  dairymen  have  complained 
mildly  because  they  could  not  specify 
the  sire  to  which  the  cow  would  be 
bred,  apparently  forgetting  that  any  of 
the  herd  sires  owned  by  the  artificial 
breeding  association,  even  the  young, 
unproved  ones,  have  better  inheritance 
than  is  usually  found,  except  in  sires 
owned  in  large  purebred  herds. 

YOUNG  FOLKS 

Particularly  inspiring  was  the  pro¬ 
gress  that  is  being  made  by  our  young 
folks  on  farms.  We  talked  with  one 
eighteen-year-old  who  has  practically 
the  entire  responsibility  for  a  large 
( Continued  on  Page  20) 


O  (451) 


WELL  WORTH 
WAITING  FOR! 


PRIORITIES  have  hit  us  too  —  and 
while  our  production  of  Hinman  Low- 
Vacuum  Milkers  is  still  heavy,  it  isn't 
enough  to  go  around.  The  demand  for 
the  low-vacuum  Hinman  has  far  ex¬ 
ceeded  our  expectations. 


With  farm  labor  so  scarce,  it  is  more 
important  than  ever  before  for  dairymen 
to  be  able  to  buy  milking  machines.  It 
is  especially  important  for  us  to  keep 
on  making  the  Hinman  10"  Low-Vacuum 
Milker  with  no  sacrifice  of  our  high 
standards.  For  it  is  the  Hinman  Low- 
Vacuum  that  has  set  a  new  standard 
for  gentle,  fast,  clean  milking  .  .  .  that 
protects  teats  and  udders  .  .  .  that  gets 
top  production. 

That's  why  we  are  turning  out  Hinman 
Low-Vacuum  Milkers  just  as  fast  as  we 
can  get  essential  materials  allotted  to 
us.  We  are  sorry  if  you've  had  to  wait 
for  yours, 

Hinman  Milking  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Box  25  Oneida,  N.  Y. 


HINMAN 

10"  LOW- VACUUM  MILKER 


Ic_Ray 


Implements 


never  did  have  to  be  babied 
•  •  .  but  it  sure  pays  now  to  treat  ’em  RIGHT ! 


Everything  you  do  these  days  to 
make  your  farm  equipment  per¬ 
form  better  and  last  longer  is  a 
boost  for  Uncle  Sam.  As  this  coun¬ 
try  goes  "all  out”  on  war  produc¬ 
tion,  we  manufacturers  are  finding 
it  increasingly  difficult  —  in  many 
cases  impossible — to  build  new  farm 
implements. 

Instead,  the  efficiencyof  your  farm 
must  now  depend  on  the  extra  care 


you  give  to  what  you  have,  and  on 
the  replacement  parts  we  can  rush 
to  you  for  repairs  or  reconditioning. 

The  main  causes  of  machine 
trouble  are  improper  adjustment, 
insufficient  lubrication,  overloading 
and  inadequate  protection  from  the 
weather.  Guard  against  these  hazards 
and  go  a  long  way  to  keep  your 
present  equipment  humming  until 
Hitler  has  been  licked. 


LE  ROY  PLOW  COMPANY,  Le  Roy,  New  York 

SERVING  THE  FARMER  FOR  OVER  60  YEARS 


JUST  A 
DASH  IN 


FEATHERS 


"Cap-Brush"  Applicator 
makes  "BLACK  LEAF  40'J 
GO  MUCH  FARTHER 


OR  SPREAD  ON  ROOSTS 


PROTECT  CHICKS  FOR  LIFE 

j&g.  Against  TRACHEITIS  &  II 

with  Wene  U.S.  Licensed  Vaccines. 

?iT\ f  Cost  is  less  than  one  egg  per  bird.  No 
ytjm  physical  setback.  Information  free. 

OWL  POX 

FREE  BOOK  ON 

POULTRY  DISEASES 

you’re 

moving 


you  will  want  the  address  on 
your  paper  changed.  On  a  postal 
card  or  by  letter  write  us  your 
old  and  your  new  address. 

CIRCULATION  DEPARTMENT, 

10  North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie*  N.  Y. 


(452)  1 0 


B 

fsKEpnneion 


JKftfJ 

nOTEBOOK 


American  Agriculturist,  August  15.  1942 


AN  INTERESTING  thing  about  the 
Rochester  milk  marketing  area  is 
that  every  month  since  the  state  or¬ 
der  went  into  effect,  December  1940, 
production  has  shown  an  increase  over 
the  corresponding  month  of  the  pre¬ 
vious  year.  During  the  past  two  months 
the  curve  of  production  has  shown  a 
sharp  dip.  The  increase  for  June  1942 
was  only  4.4  per  cent  over  the  previous 
June,  which  showed  an  increase  of  7.5 
per  cent  over  June  1940.  Average 
monthly  production  in  1941  was  8.9 
per  cent  over  1940,  while  average  pro¬ 
duction  this  year  has  run  about  one 
per  cent  higher.  However,  the  sharp 
drop  which  now  has  set  in  may  reduce 
the  average. 

During  May  and  June  consumption 
of  fluid  milk  increased  about  350,000 
quarts  monthly.  This  increase  is  at¬ 
tributed  largely  to  increased  industrial 
employment,  and  the  outlook  is  that  it 
will  continue. 

#  *  * 
f 

To  Honor  Parrott 

While  the  Horticultural  Society  has 
abandoned  plans  for  a  summer  meet¬ 
ing,  President  Bruce  P.  Jones  expects 
the  society  will  participate  in  a  testi¬ 
monial  dinner  for  Dr.  P.  J.  Parrott  at 
Geneva  around  Sept.  1.  Dr.  Parrott  re¬ 
tires  then  as  director  of  the  Geneva 
Experiment  Station. 

Jones  also  has  submitted  to  officers 
and  committeemen,  suggestions  that 
have  come  to  him  for  revision  of  the 
constitution  and  by-laws  of  the  society. 
Last  winter  a  committee  was  named 
to  suggest  changes  to  make  the  society 
of  greater  service  to  fruit  growers.  Any 
proposed  changes  must  be  submitted  to 
the  membership  in  writing  at  least  30 
days  previous  to  the  next  annual  meet¬ 
ing.  In  general,  proposals  call  for  few- 


Mr.  A.  O.  Trask  of  Hancock,  Delaware 
County,  N.  Y.,  with  a  pair  of  twin  Ayr¬ 
shire  heifers  from  Glenheim  Lazy  Daisy 
No.  134687. 

Mr.  AValter  Trask,  his  son,  writes:  “I 
thought  your  recent  analysis  of  Delaware 
County  conditions  was  perfect.  Since  1917 
when  dad  bought  four  purebred  Ayrshires, 
they  have  been  claiming  most  of  our  at¬ 
tention.  At  a  later  date  he  purchased  four 
more  heifers  and  calves,  making  a  foun¬ 
dation  herd  of  eight  head,  which  is  all  the 
Ayrshire  females  we  have  ever  bought. 
From  the  descendants  of  these  eight  we 
have  sold  150  registered  breeding  stock 
and  have  over  100  left  in  the  herds  of  A. 
O.  Trask,  two  sons  and  three  grandsons. 
Daisy  gave  us  three  heifer  calves  in  less 
than  a  year,  which  is  above  the  average 
even  for  Ayrshires. 


er  vice-presidents  and  fewer  commit¬ 
tees.  One  suggestion  is  that  the  society 
outline  its  major  activities  a?  research, 
legislative  and  marketing,  on  the  the¬ 
ory  that  a  good  share  of  educational 
work  in  the  field  of  production  is  hand¬ 
led  by  the  Farm  Bureau.  Jones  urges 
anyone  with  ideas  on  the  subject  to 
send  them,  to  him  at  his  home  in  Hall, 
N.  Y. 

$  *  * 

Coats  for  Flyers 

New  York  lamb  feeders  should  get 
about  a  dollar  a  head  more  by  produc¬ 
ing  shearling  pelts  to  make  warm 
clothes  for  military  aviators.  That  is 
the  information  brought  to  western 
New  York  lamb  feeders  by  C.  G.  Ran¬ 
dall,  in  charge  of  the  livestock  and 
wool  section  of  the  Farm  Credit  Ad¬ 
ministration. 

Ordinary  practice  has  been  to  mar¬ 
ket  the  lambs  unsheared.  A  shearling 
pelt  is  from  a  sheep  or  lamb  that  has 
been  sheared  four  to  eight  weeks  prev¬ 
ious  to  marketing.  The  new  growth  of 
fine  short  wool  makes  ideal  warm  fly¬ 
ing  suits.  Normally  the  United  States 
produces  three  or  four  million  shearling 
pelts,  and  imports  some  from  South 
Africa  and  Australia.  Now  the  gov¬ 
ernment  wants  American  farmers  to 
produce  15  y2  million  by  Dec.  1,  1943. 

A  market  will  be  provided  for  the 
short  wool  shorn  from  the  sheep  for 
army  blankets.  It  will  be  mixed  with 
wool  of  longer  fiber.  Randall  said  it  is 
unsatisfactory  to  take  pelts  with  long 
wool  and  then  shear  them  down  to  the 
depth  required  for  flying  suits.  The 
strongest  wool  is  at  the  end  of  the  fib¬ 
ers,  so  Uncle  Sam  wants  the  sheep  to 
be  sheared  and  then  let  the  wool  grow 
out  to  the  proper  length. 

Also  the  lambs  should  be  a  little 
heavier,  because  pelts  from  75-80  pound 
lambs  are  too  light  and  may  be  dis¬ 
counted.  The  best  shearling  pelts  come 
from  90-100  pound  lambs,  as  they  furn¬ 
ish  the  best  square  footage,  Randall 
said.  The  heavier  lambs  also  furnish 
more  wool  and  more  meat,  which  may 
be  important.  The  fleece-lined  suits  are 
more  desirable  than  the  much  heralded 
electrically  heated  suits  because  of  the 
possibility  that  flyers  might  have  to 
bail  out  where  electric  heating  was  not 
available. 

Because  the  Corn  Belt  has  twice  as 
many  hogs  as  a  year  ago  “Doc”  J.  F. 
Roberts  of  the  Producers’  Live  Stock 
Commission  Association  told  the  meet¬ 
ing  this  may  give  New  York  farmers 
a  better  break  in  buying  feeder  lambs 
this  fall.  It  all  depends  upon  whether 
Corn  Belt  farmers  decide  they  are  deep 
enough  in  the  livestock  business.  The 
lamb  supply  is  about  the  same  as  last 
year  and  prices  are  unsettled  yet. 

❖  ❖  ❖ 

Home-Grown  Vegetable  Seed 

Recently  I  visited  a  six-acre  field  of 
onions  in  full  bloom  in  the  town  of 
Greece.  Lee  Pok  was  growing  the 
onions,  as  well  as  cabbage  and  carrot 
seed  to  find  out  if  he  can  produce  in 
New  York  State  seed  that  formerly 
came  from  Europe.  Wet  weather  early 
in  the  season  raised  difficulties  with 
the  cabbage,  and  75  per  cent  of  the 
carrots  failed  to  grow.  Pok  thinks  the 
crowns  were  injured  in  twisting  off  the 
tops.  In  the  search  for  isolated  fields, 


to  reduce  danger  of  disease  infestation, 
one  seemingly  ideal  field  proved  to  be 
a  dud.  It  was  so  completely  isolated 
and  surrounded  by  woods  that  there 
was  no  ventilation  and  the  onion  blos¬ 
soms  burned  up  in  the  hot  sun.  The  six- 
acre  field  of  onions,  however,  promises 
a  satisfactory  yield. 

— a.  a. — 

A.  A.— Orange  Bread 
Contest  News 

HE  following  granges,  whose  bread 
contest  winners  are  listed  here 
this  time,  report  that  they  successful¬ 
ly  auctioned  off  the  loaves  of  bread  en¬ 
tered  in  their  contests:  Stanford  and 
Union  Vale  Granges,  Dutchess  Co.; 
Corfu,  Darien  and  Oakfield  of  Genesee 
Co.;  Reed  Corners,  Ontario  Co.,  and 
Curriers  of  Wyoming  Co. 

Chairman  Mrs.  Thomas  Post  of  Cor¬ 
fu  Grange  writes  that  Brother  Elmer 
Passmore  acted  as  their  auctioneer 
and  did  such  a  fine  job  that  their  bread 
averaged  40c  a  loaf. 

Chairman  Mrs.  E.  M.  Wilson,  Maple 
Leaf  Grange,  Franklin  Co.,  writes  that 
their  contest  was  won  by  one  of  their 
Canadian  members,  Mrs.  W.  L.  Carr, 
who  lives  across  the  line  in  Hunting¬ 
don,  Quebec.  “A  further  demonstra¬ 
tion  of  the  cooperation  and  solid 
friendship  between  Grangers  on  both 
sides  of  the  Boundary  Line,”  says  Mrs. 
Wilson,  “was  given  on  the  following 
night  when  groups  from  Malone  and 
Burke  joined  in  a  parade  and  square 
dance  in  Huntingdon  in  honor  of  Army 
Week  and  Canada’s  National  Holiday. 
Judges  of  the  square  dance  numbers 
awarded  first  prize  to  Malone  Grange, 
second  to  Maple  Leaf  and  third  to 
Burke  Grange.” 

Here  are  names  of  recent  winners,  in¬ 
cluding  the  first  Pomona  bread  contest 
Winner  for  this  year: 


Pomona  Winner 


COUNTY 

GRANGE 

WINNER 

Broome 

Deposit 

Mrs.  Glenn  Beilby 

Subordinate  Grange  Winners 

COUNTY 

GRANGE 

WINNERS 

Albany 

Hiawatha 

Mrs.  Minnie  Stanton 

Allegany 

Canaseraga 

Mrs.  George  Sommers 

Friendship 

Mrs.  4ulia  Strahan 

Little  Genesee 

Mrs.  Clara  T raver 

Whitesville 

Mrs.  Lena  Stafford 

Broome 

Vestal 

Mrs.  Earl  Webster 

Cattaraugus 

Gowanda 

Mrs.  Mabel  Witt 

North  Otto 

Mrs.  Ida  Perkins 

Cayuga 

Moravia 

Mrs.  Maude  Golden 

Chautauqua 

Chautauqua 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Case 

Cherry  Creek 

Mrs.  Mabel  Boutwell 

Frewsburg 

Mrs.  Clara  Smith 

Ross 

Mrs.  May  Johnson 

Chenango 

Sherburne 

Mrs.  Bert  Miner 

Columbia 

Copake 

Mrs.  Stephen  MacIntyre 

New  Lebanon 

Mrs.  Charles  Spencer 

Cortland 

Cuyler 

Mrs.  John  Keeney 

Freetown 

Mrs.  Gerald  Stone 

Delaware 

Cannonsville 

Mrs.  Frances  Seymour 

Delhi 

Mrs.  Benson  LaFever 

Masonville 

Mrs.  Bertha  Butts 

Dutchess 

Silver  Lake 

Mrs.  Eva  Moore 

Stanford 

Mrs.  Anna  Seims 

Union  Vale 

Mrs.  Susan  Van  Tassel 

Erie 

Griffins  Mills 

Mrs.  Charles  Dersam 

Wyandale 

Mrs.  Grace  M.  Kohn 

Essex 

Ethan  Allen 

Mrs.  Margaret  Wyman 

Franklin 

Adirondack 

Mrs.  Clara  Palmer 

Bombay 

Mrs.  Thos.  E.  O’Brien 

Chateaugay 

Mrs.  Jerry  Murnane 

Maple  Leaf 

Mrs.  W.  L.  Carr 

Fulton 

Mayfield 

Mrs.  Madeline  DeGolyer 

Genesee 

Bethany 

Mrs.  Mildred  Mulcahy 

Corfu 

Mrs.  Wilbur  Steiner 

Darien 

Mrs.  Frances  Drilling 

No.  Alexander 

Mrs.  Alta  Strong 

Oakfield 

Mrs.  Bertha  Johns 

Oatka  Falls 

Mrs.  Ethel  Clark 

Stafford 

Mrs.  Frank  J.  Saile 

Greene 

Climax 

Mrs.  Clinton  Kellam 

Herkimer 

Fairfield 

Mrs.  Victoria  Leshinski 

Litchfield 

Mrs.  Ray  Dodge 

Millers  Mills 

Mrs.  Mabel  Howard 

North  Star 

Mrs.  Estella  Brooks 

Van  Hornesville 

Mrs.  Margaret  Egan 

Jefferson 

Smithville 

Mrs.  Clinton  Lewis 

Lewis 

Leyden 

Marie  Milles 

Lowville 

Mrs.  Leon  Hall 

Livingston 

Avon 

Mrs.  Clara  Stoltman 

Hunt 

Mrs.  J.  C.  Parker 

Lima 

Dorothy  Briggs 

Scottsburg 

Mrs.  John  Crane 

Madisorf 

Alderbrook 

Mrs.  Ora  Faulkener 

Monroe 

Gates 

Mrs.  Addie  Heffer 

Irondequoit 

Mrs.  Howard  Winegard 

Montgomery 

Scattergood 

Mrs.  Walter  Gardinier 

Oneida 

Knoxboro 

Mrs.  Fred  Wood 

Sherrill 

Faye  Louise  Cunningham 

South  Trenton 

Mrs.  William  Davis 

Onondaga 

East  Clay 

Mrs.  Ernest  Higgs 

Delphi 

Mrs.  T.  R.  Dady 

Fayetteville 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Benedict 

La Fayette 

Mrs.  Grace  Miller 

Ontario 

Bristol  Valley 

Elsie  A.  Pestle 

Reed  Corners 

Mrs.  C.  Allen  Babbitt 

South  Bristol 

Mrs.  Delvin  Porter 

Orange 

Montgomery 

Mrs.  Nehemiah  Andrews 

Pine  Bush 

Mrs.  James  Finneran 

Orleans 

Knowlesville 

Mrs.  Emory  Haylett 

A  baker’s  dozen  of  Grangers  took  part  in 
Wyandale  Grange’s  bread  contest  (Erie 


County), 
ner:  Mrs. 

And  here’s  the  smiling  win- 
Grace  M.  Kohn  of  North  Col¬ 
lins,  New  York. 

Otsego 

Fly  Creek  Valley 

Mrs.  Emma  Van  Horn 

Pine  Mountain 

Mrs.  Doris  Baldwin 

Rensselaer 

Hoosick 

Mrs.  George  Bovie 

Taconic  Valley 

Mrs.  Andrew  Perkins 

West  Sandlake 

Mrs.  Edgar  Worthington 

Schuyler 

Cayuta 

Mrs.  Frances  Jonas 

Highland 

Mrs.  Joseph  Hoffman 

Searsburg 

Mrs.  DeWitt  Bower 

Steuben 

Freeman 

Mrs.  Clara  R.  Kuhn 

Stephens  Mills 

Mrs.  Florence  Elsenheimer 

St.  Lawrence 

Cedars 

Mrs.  Frances  Miller 

DePeyster 

Betty  Fishbeck 

Heuvelton 

Mrs.  William  H.  Green 

Massena 

Mrs.  Arlton  A.  Talcott 

Potsdam 

Mrs.  Joseph  McCarthy 

Suffolk 

Mattituck 

Mrs.  Clara  T uthill 

Sullivan 

Liberty 

Mrs.  Harry  Stalker 

Tioga 

Halsey  Valley 

Dorothy  Crisfield 

North  Barton 

Mrs.  Paul  Hoffman 

Tompkins 

Speedsville 

Mrs.  William  Osburn 

Washington 

Bottskill 

Mrs.  Guy  Barber 

Hebron 

Mrs.  Maud  Rogers 

Putnam  Valley 

Mrs.  Hazel  Shattuck 

Wayne 

Palmyra 

Mrs.  A.  B.  Miller 

Wyoming 

Curriers 

Mrs.  William  Weidig 

Varysburg 

Mrs.  Grace  Merkle 

Yates 

Middlesex  Valley  Mrs.  Bessie  Moshier 

— A.  A. — 

MEETINGS 

More  than  600  farm  meetings  in 
communities  throughout  New  York, 
New  Jersey,  and  Northern  Pennsylvan¬ 
ia  will  be  held  during  the  next  two 
months  for  the  purpose  of  carrying 
back  to  the  140,000  patrons  of  the  Co¬ 
operative  G.  L.  F.  Exchange  details 
of  the  past  year’s  operation,  J.  A.  Mc¬ 
Connell,  general  manager  of  the  coop¬ 
erative,  announced  here  today. 

At  the  same  time  Mr.  McConnell  an¬ 
nounced  that  total  volume  placed  by 
patrons  through  the  cooperative  last 
year  was  the  highest  on  record,  total¬ 
ing  $65,000,000. 

Net  earnings  available  for  patronage 
dividends  went  over  the  $1,600,000 
mark  to  a  new  record,  he  said,  and 
dividends  will  be  paid  on  the  basis  of 
$2.20  per  ton  on  open-formula  dairy, 
poultry  and  stock  feeds,  three  per  cent 
of  the  dollar  on  purchases  of  G.  L.  F. 
seed  and  two  per  cent  on  several  other 
supplies.  No  dividends  were  earned  on 
fertilizer  or  superphosphate. 

“Not  all  of  these  savings  resulted 
from  volume  buying  and  efficient  opera¬ 
tions,”  Mr.  McConnell  said,  pointing  out 
that  a  contributing  factor  was  inven¬ 
tory  appreciation  from  a  rising  market. 

He  said  that  rising  prices  and  the 
necessity  of  buying  ahead  and  keeping 
bigger  stocks  on  hand  calls  for  steadily 
increasing  amounts  of  money  and  that 
the  directors  had  therefore  voted  to  pay 
this  year’s  Patronage  dividend  in  the 
form  of  Participation  'Certificates. 

“These  certificates,”  Mr.  McConnell 
said,  “bear  interest  at  four  per  cent, 
are  negotiable,  and  are  subject  to  call 
for  cash  by  the  directors  at  any  time. 
Or,  any  patron  may,  after  January  1. 
1943  .exchange  them  for  common  stock 
in  the  G.  L.  F.” 

This  dividend,  Mr.  McConnell  pointed 
out,  is  paid  by  the  wholesale  G.  L.  F. 
Exchange  and  is  in  addition  to  the  div¬ 
idends  that  may  be  declared  by  the  108 
local  service  stores. 


.* 


American  Agriculturist,  August  15,  1912 


1  1  (453) 


- — - -  - -  ^ 

2ueitiapi  li&x, 


buying  bull  calf 

How  should  I  go  about  buying  a  young 
bull  calf  that  will  raise  the  average  of 
my  herd? 

The  higher  your  herd  average  is,  the 
more  difficulty  you  will  have  because 
the  inheritance  of  the  herd  sire  must 
be  better  than  the  cows  in  the  herd  if 
his  daughters  are  going  to  be  better 
than  their  dams.  The  more  you  know 
about  the  bull  you  buy,  the  less  risk 
you  are  taking.  One  of  the  biggest 
mistakes  is  to  buy  a  bull  solely  be¬ 
cause  his  pedigree  contains  the  names 
of  one  or  more  famous  animals. 

The  important  thing  is  to  analyze 
the  pedigree  and  to  pick  a  bull  all  of 
whose  near  relatives  are  good  produc¬ 
ers.  When  you  study  the  records  of  a 
sire  and  grand-sire,  note  whether  com¬ 
parative  records  on  dams  and  daugh¬ 
ters  are  made  on  a  few  selected  indi¬ 
viduals  or  whether  they  include  all  of 
the  daughters  of  the  bull.  You  are 
taking  very  little  chance  when  you  buy 
a  young  bull  if  all  near  relatives  pro¬ 
duce  the  approximate  amount  of  milk 
at  which  you  are  aiming.  If  you  can  find 
such  a  bull,  do  not  hesitate  to  pay  a 
good  fair  price  for  him.  He  will  be  a 
good  investment. 

— a.  a.— * 

QUACK  GRASS 

When  plowing  a  field  badly  infested 
with  quack-grass  this  summer,  should 
plowing  be  deep  or  shallow? 

The  best  practice  in  summer  is  to 
plow  shallow.  Quack-grass  in  an  old 
meadow  becomes  shallow-rooted,  and 
by  plowing  shallow  you  turn  these 
roots  up  to  the  sun  where  they  will 
dry  out.  Do  not  harrow  or  roll  the 
ground  immediately.  Leave  the  ground 
loose.  Then  when  the  plants  show 
growth,  harrow  lightly  to  dig  out  the 
roots  and  expose  them  to  the  sun. 

—  A.  A. — 

CUSTOM  WORK 

If  I  do  custom  work  in  harvesting  corn 
for  neighbors  this  fall,  is  the  price  I 
charge  governed  by  OPA  ceilings? 

The  answer  is  “no.”  Services  on  a 
farm  in  connection  with  planting,  cul¬ 
tivating,  harvesting  crops,  or  raising 
livestock  or  poultry  are  not  under  OPA 
ceilings.  Services  performed  on  farm 
buildings,  such  as  roofing,  or  repairing 
farm  machinery  are  subject  to  these 
ceilings.  The  general  rule  is  that  serv¬ 
ices  which  use  up  materials  are  under 
ceilings;  those  that  do  not  are  exempt. 

—  A.  A. — 

SLEEPING  SICKNESS 

What  are  the  symptoms  of  sleeping 
sickness  in  horses? 

First  symptoms  area  rise  in  tem¬ 
perature  and  sometimes  a  chill.  These 
may  pass  unnoticed.  Later  the  horse 
seems  depressed  and  nervous  and 
seems  to  have  trouble  managing  its 
feet.  They  often  stagger,  have  diffi¬ 
culty  in  backing,  and  finally  become 
paralyzed.  When  this  stage  is  reach¬ 
ed,  the  horse  often  fails  to  respond  to 
treatment.  The  surest  way  of  con¬ 
trolling  the  disease  is  prevention  by 
vaccinating.  If  any  horse  shows  symp¬ 
toms,  or  if  you  hear  of  such  symptoms 
in  the  neighborhood,  call  a  veterinarian 
at  once. 

—  A.  A. — 

bean  beetles 

How  do  Mexican  bean  beetles  live  over 
the  winter?  Do  they  have  one  generation 
a  year  or  more?  What  is  the  best  spray 
Material  to  control  them? 

Bean  beetles  live  through  the  winter 

the  adult  stage,  using  garden  refuse 


for  shelter.  In  most  parts  of  the 
Northeast,  they  produce  two  genera-' 
tions  a  year.  Rotenone  has  been  one 
of  the  most  satisfactory  spray  ma¬ 
terials.  Both  calcium  arsenate  and 
lead  arsenate  cause  serious  foliage  in¬ 
jury,  but  magnesium  arsenate  does 
not.  You  can  dust  by  using  1  lb.  of 
magnesium  arsenate  to  3  lbs.  of  hydrat¬ 
ed  lime. 

—a.  a.  — 

CALF  VACCINATION 

What  is  the  right  age  at  which  to  vac¬ 
cinate  calves  against  contagious  abortion? 

The  right  age  is  from  four  to  eight 
months.  This  is  the  reason:  Immedi¬ 
ately  after  animals  are  vaccinated, 
they  will  give  a  reaction  to  the  blood 
test  for  abortion.  Most  of  the  animals 
will  not  react  to  blood  tests  when  they 
get  mature.  Occasionally  one  will,  and 
there  seems  to  be  more  danger  that 
this  will  happen  where  the  calves  get 
much  over  eight  months  old. 

— a.  a. — 

HOOF  ROT 

Is  there  any  good  preventative  measure 
that  can  be  taken  to  protect  cows  from 
hoof  rot? 

Filling  in  muddy  spots,  through 
which  cows  have  to  come  to  get  into 
the  stable,  with  gravel  is  the  first  step 
to  take.  Another  preventative  is  to  put 
a  shallow  box  filled  with  hydrated  lime 
in  front  of  the  door  so  the  cattle  will 
have  to  step  into  it  as  they  come  into 
the  stable. 

— a.  a. — 

WHO  CAN  HELP? 

“I  am  having  my  country  home  paint¬ 
ed,  but  I  am  having  some  trouble  with 
Yellow  Jackets  under  the  shingles  near 
the  edge  of  the  house.  How  can  I  get 
rid  of  them  so  the  painter  can  go  to 
work?” 

If  any  subscriber  has  had  experience 
in  meeting  this  problem,  we  will  be 
glad  to  hear  from  him. 

— a.  a.— 

BEETLES 

Is  it  worth  while  to  spray  or  dust  for 
asparagus  beetles  after  the  tops  get  full 
growth? 

Yes,  if  the  beetles  are  noticeable, 
you  can  spray  with  3  lbs.  c>f  calcium 
arsenate  to  100  gals,  of  water;  or  dust 
with  1  lb.  of  calcium  arsenate  to  19 
lbs.  of  lime  or  talc.  Keeping  the 
bettles  down  now  will  save  trouble 
during  the  cutting  season  next  year. 
In  the  past,  treatment  during  the  cut¬ 
ting  season  has  been  dusting  with 
rotenone,  which  is  going  to  be  mighty 
scarce  from  now  on.  That  is  one 
reason  why  it  is  unusually  important 
to  control  the  beetles  this  summer. 

— A.  A. — 

YOU  — YOUR  FARM 
AND  THE  WAR 

( Continued  from  Page  3) 
amount  of  new  implements  made  in 
1940,  plus  115%  of  1940  for  spare 
parts.  Food  production  is  second  in 
importance  to  munitions,  and  those  fig¬ 
ures  must  be  revised  upward.  This  is 
vital  when  we  realize  that  farm  help 
in  1943  will  be  even  shorter  than  it  is 
now.  Any  improvements  or  changes 
in  plans  that  can  be  made  during  the 
winter  and  which  will  save  labor  next 
summer  are  vital. 

Discourage  talk  that  there  is  no  need 
for  rationing — that  we  have  plenty  of 
sugar,  rubber  and  gasoline.  Figure 
that  rationing  is  going  to  get  tighter 
rather  than  easier,  and  that  loose  talk 
could  defeat  the  whole  war  effort.  We 
will  all  admit  that  mistakes  have  been 


made,  yet  the  progress  in  the  produc¬ 
tion  of  munitions  has  been  spectacular 
and  thrilling. 

*  *  * 

TREATED  FENCE  POSTS 
LAST  LONGER 

Untreated  fence  posts  have  an  aver¬ 
age  life  of  about  five  years.  Green, 
round,  unpeeled,  hard-wood  fence  posts 
can  be  treated  for  a  few  cents  each  to 
give  ten  to  twelve  years  additional 
service.  The  most  practical  method 


seems  to  be  this: 

A  mixture  weighing  three  pounds 
made  up  of  equal  parts  of  corrosive 
sublimate  (mercuric  chloride),  com¬ 
mon  salt,  and  white  arsenic  will  treat 
about  90  posts  at  a  cost  of  around  3c 
each.  The  chemical  is  put  into  a  %" 
hole  bored  1  y2 "  into  the  post  at  a 
downward  slant  at  6"  above  the 
ground  line.  From  one  to  two  tea- 
spoonsful  of  the  mixture  are  used  in 
each  post,  and  the  hole  is  closed  with 
a  wooden  plug. 


GOOD  for  THIRST 
GOOD  for  HEALTH 
GOOD  for  FARM  BUDGETS 


MILK! 


More  work  to  be  done  .  .  .  fewer  hands  to  do  it!  That  means 
good  health,  good  diet  on  the  vital  farm  front.  And  first  for 
health  is  milk  .  .  .  nature’s  most  nearly  perfect  food.  Milk 
provides  energy  for  extra  work,  helps  fight  fatigue,  and  gives 
you  a  goodly  supply  of  the  vitamins  and  minerals  your  body 
must  have. 

Remember,  too,  more  milk  used  on  the  farm  stretches  food 
budgets.  Milk  can  go  out  to  the  fields  for  a  between-meals 
snack,  and  offer  a  royal  greeting  at  the  dinner  table.  Official 
diets  say  “at  least  a  pint  a  day  for  every  adult,  more  for  every, 
child.”  Your  country  needs  you  healthy  ...  so  make  milk  a 
daily  habit  ...  in  cooked  dishes,  and  as  a  delicious  beverage! 


THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK  SAYS 

SATISFY  THIRST...F0RTIFY  HEALTH ... 


DRINK  MILK! 

Vitamins  for  “aliveness”  Vitamin  “A”  for  cold  resistance 
Minerals  for  well-being  Calcium  for  clear  complexion 

Helpful  for  reducing  diets  Nature’s  cheapest  complete  food 
Alkaline  reaction  for  fatigue  Perfect  for  the  whole  family 

THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK 


MARIETTA  C0NCRETEC0RP. 

Marietta,  Ohio  (Dept-fTl  Baltimore,  Md. 
Schenectady,  N.Y.  Lilesville,  N.C. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE  ! 

Our  1942  Concrete  quota  is 
SOLD.  But  if  you  want  a  GOOD, 
new  Silo,  we  can  still  supply  a 
limited  number  of  Marietta's 
Super-Wood  Silos  —  for  prompt 
delivery.  ...Special  tested 
hooping —  for  Hay.  All-Wood 
splice — heart  stock — Oregon  Fir. 
Redwood,  hinged  doors.  . . .  Don't 
delay!  Write  TODAY  I  .  .  . 
(Also  ^'Defense"  All-Wood  Silo- 
No  Metal.) 


Glenn  L.  White,  R.  I,  Barnet,  Vt. 


CHRISTMAS  CARDS.  Sell  50  assorted  folders,  name 
imprinted  $1.00  —  Cost  you  50c.  Samples  free.  Ex¬ 
perience  unnecessary.  DUNBAR,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 


(454)  12 


American  Agriculturist,  August  15,  1942 


MaAJzei  l&GA&meteSi 


ESTIMATED  MILK  PRICE 

At  thijs  writing,  the  July  uniform 
price  for  the  metropolitan  area  has  not 
been  announced  but  Administrator 
Cladakis  estimates  that  it  will  be  about 
$2.50  a  hundred.  If  this  is  the  price,  it 
will  be  20c  above  July  last  year. 

The  amount  of  milk  in  the  pool  will 
be  about  565,000,000  lbs.,  and  the  value 
of  it  will  be  about  $14,600,000. 

The  Class  I  price  this  July  is  $3.10; 
last  year,  $2.65. 

—  a.  a. — 

BUTTER  HIGHER 

On  July  21,  the  U.  S.  Department  of 
Agriculture  announced  that  the  Agri¬ 
cultural  Marketing  Administration 
would  support  the  price  of  92-score  but¬ 
ter  at  39c  a  pound  on  the  Chicago  basis 
and  the  price  of  cheese  at  21c  for  U. 
S.  No.  1  on  the  Wisconsin  Cheese  Ex¬ 
change  basis.  The  A.  M.  A.  had  been 
supporting  butter  at  36c  and  cheese  at 
20  %c.  The  purpose  of  the  increase,  an¬ 
nounced,  is  to  encourage  increased  but¬ 
ter  and  cheese  production  for  civilian, 
military  and  lead-lease  needs.  Butter 
production  has  been  below  last  year’s 
levels. 

The  shipping  situation  has  resulted 
in  an  increase  in  the  lend-lease  pur¬ 
chase  of  dried  milk  and  the  purchase 
of  less  evaporated  milk. 

Lewis  Still  Active 

A  United  Press  dispatch  from  Chica¬ 
go,  dated  August  4,  states  that  John 
L.  Lewis  is  opening  a  drive  to  organize 
dairy  workers  in  northern  Illinois, 
northern  Indiana,  and  Iowa.  Vernon 
Ford,  Regional  Director  of  the  United 
Mine  Workers,  is  reported  as  saying: 

“We  will  include  dairy  workers  on 
thousands  of  farms  as  well  as  farm 
owners.  The  owner  is  a  worker,'  too, 
and  it  is  our  intention  to  extend  union 
benefits  to  everyone  involved.” 

— a.  a.  — 

EGGS 

The  first  six  months  of  this  year, 
total  U.  S.  egg  production  was  about 
16%  higher  than  last  year,  and  26% 
above  the  ten-year  average.  In  1941 
production  of  eggs  in  New  York  State 
was  26%  greater  than  the  1935-1939 
average,  in  spite  of  a  slight  reduction 
in  numbers  of  hens.  The  increase  rep¬ 
resents  improvements  that  have  taken 
place  in  feeding,  breeding,  and  disease 
control. 

For  the  last  week  in  July,  the  egg- 
feed  ratio,  as  figured  by  the  New  York 
State  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
Markets,  was  6.3.  In  other  words,  it 
averaged  to  take  6.3  doz,  eggs  to  buy 
100  lbs.  of  feed.  A  month  ago,  the  fig¬ 
ure  was  7.1;  a  year  ago,  7.0;  two  years 
ago,  9.5.  At  the  same  time,  the  top 
wholesale  price  of  white  eggs  in  New 
York  City  was  39c;  a  year  ago,  32 y2c; 
two  years  ago,  22c. 

Recently  in  New  York  City,  supply 
of  medium  white  eggs  has  been  short, 
with  prices  only  from  y2c  to  3c  lower 
than  for  large  whites.  There  has  also 
been  a  short  supply  of  large  brown 
eggs,  which  sold  for  about  the  same 
price  as  large  whites. 

For  the  first  six  months  of  1942,  13  % 
more  chicks  were  hatched  than  in  the 
same  period  as  year  ago.  For  the  same 
period,  there  was  an  increase  of  6% 
in  the  number  of  turkey  poults  hatched. 

— A.  A.— 

LIVESTOCK  FEED 

The  supply  of  four  principal  feed 
grains  for  the  coming  feeding  year  is 
estimated  at  about  127,000,000  tons, 
3,000,000  tons  less  than  last  year’s  sup¬ 
ply  which  was  close  to  the  record. 
Livestock  numbers  are  up,  and  supply 


of  grain  per  animal  is  estimated  as 
about  10%  below  last  year.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  hay  crop  is  about  5% 
higher  than  last  year. 

The  corn  crop  is  expected  to  be 
3,125,000,000  bushels,  about  200,000,000 
bushels  less  than  last  year’s  near  rec¬ 
ord  crop.  The  oat  crop  is  up  about  7  %, 
and  barley  about  13%.  A  total  crop  of 
904,000,000  bushels  of  wheat  is  expect¬ 
ed,  made  up  of  675,000,000  bushels  of 
winter  wheat  and  229,000,000  bushels 
of  spring  wheat.  Added  to  this  is  a 
carry-over  of  about  620,000,000,  which 
makes  a  total  available  supply  of  1,- 
524,000,000  bushels— the  largest  in  the 
history  of  the  country. 

The  supply  last  year  at  this  time  was 
1,331,000,000  bushels,  made  up  of  a 
crop  of  946,000,000  bushels  and  a  carry¬ 
over  of  385,000,000  bushels. 

— a.  a. — 

VEGETABLES 

The  Northeast  is  an  important  vege¬ 
table-producing  area.  This  year  New 
York  State  farmers  are  growing  109,- 
490  acres  of  commercial  vegetables  for 
market.  New  Jersey  farmers  are  grow¬ 
ing  11,000  acres;  and  Pennsylvania, 
nearly  26,000  acres.  In  addition,  these 
states  are  growing  about  240,000  acres 
of  vegetables  for  canning  and  freezing. 

Including  the  estimated  value  of  over 
120,000  home  gardens,  the  yearly  value 
of  vegetable  crops  in  New  York  State 
is  almost  $22,000,000. 

— a.  a. — 

PRICES 

For  the  first  time  since  1920,  the  level 
of  prices  received  by  U.  S.  farmers  has 
reached  that  rather  vague  thing  called 
parity.  Common  reaction  of  city  news¬ 
papers  is,  “Aren’t  farmers  lucky?” 
Realization  of  two  facts  would  give 
them  a  better  picture. 

First  is  that  rates  paid  farm  labor 
are  not  included  in  figuring  parity. 
Parity  merely  means  that  farmers  can 
exchange  their  products  for  the  same 
amount  of  things  they  purchase  as  they 
could  in  some  base  period,  usually  1910- 
1914. 

The  second  fact  is  that  only  six  years 
in  the  past  thirty-two  have  seen  farm¬ 
ers  receive  a  parity  price;  namely,  1910, 
1912  and  from  1917  to  1920.  Lowest 
figure  was  reached  in  1932,  when  farm 
products  exchanged  for  53%  as  much 
as  they  did  before  the  first  war. 

Even  so,  farmers  are  making  no 
threat  to  quit  work  unless  the  prices 
for  their  products  rise.  They  are  going 
ahead  under  grave  difficulties  and  do¬ 
ing  the  best  job  they  can  in  feeding 
the  world. 

In  New  York  State  on  July  1,  as 
compared  with  a  year  ago,  bean  prices 
have  dropped  21%.  Hay,  after  reach¬ 
ing  a  high  price  last  winter,  was  just 
about  the  same  as  a  year  ago.  Eggs 
were  bringing  3c  a  dozen  more.  Dairy 
cows  were  $23  a  head  higher.  Farm 
prices  of  beel  cattle  were  up  $2.70  a 
hundred,  an  increase  of  38%.  Milk  at 
the  farm  was  up  about  26c  a  hundred, 
or  about  11%. 

At  the  same  time,  monthly  wages 
of  hired  men  with  board  have  advanced 
23%  since  July  1,  1941;  were  62% 
higher  than  July,  1940;  and  77%  above 
the  July  1935-1939  average.  While  farm 
wages  were  77  %  above  the  1935-1939 
average,  the  payroll  index  of  factory 
workers  was  up  112%.  Farm  wages  are 
a  compromise  between  what  a  farmer 
can  afford  to  pay  and  what  the  hired 
man  could  get  in  industry. 

Farm  work  is  getting  done  by  more 
work  by  women,  children  and  old  peo¬ 
ple;  by  more  effective  use  of  machin¬ 
ery;  by  cutting  comers;  and  by  leaving 
some  things,  such  as  repair  work,  un¬ 


done.  In  some  cases,  the  farm  help  sup¬ 
ply  is  increased  by  willing  but  inex¬ 
perienced  boys  from  city  high  schools. 

Speaking  at  a  recent  meeting  of  the 
International  Baby  Chick  Association, 
General  Hershey,  National  Selective 
Service  Director,  frankly  told  poultry- 
men  that  every  physically  fit  man  with¬ 
out  dependents,  and  some  with  depend¬ 
ents,  whether  on  the  farm  or  in  a  de¬ 
fense  plant,  would  eventually  be  called 
into  the  armed  services  if  he  could  be 
replaced  by  a  woman,  an  old  man,  or  a 
person  physically  unfit  for  military 
service. 

— a.  a. — 

SUPPLY  AND  DEMAND 

The  Bureau  of  Agricultural  Econom¬ 
ics  of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  predicts  that  the  consumer  de¬ 
mand  for  farm  products  will  continue 
to  rise  during  the  next  few  months. 
Added  to  this  will  be  an  increase  in 
the  demand  for  Army  and  “lend-lease.” 
Chief  reason  for  increased  consumer 
demand  is  high  rate  of  employment 
and  wages. 

It  is  important  to  remember  that 
around  half  our  industrial  effort  is  be¬ 
ing  put  on  war  materials,  and  that  this 
effort  will  be  increased  rather  than  di¬ 
minished.  The  result  is  a  continuing  in¬ 
crease  in  total  income  and  a  gradual 
but  steady  decrease  in  the  supply  of 
things  consumers  want  to  buy.  That  is 
the  basis  for  rising  prices  and  the  rea¬ 
son  for  attempts  to  control  prices. 

Lend-lease  requirements  for  1942  are 
expected  to  absorb  about  1/5  the  total 
pork  production  and  about  %  the  total 
lard  production.  About  the  middle,,  of 
July,  hog  prices  at  Chicago  reached 
$15.15  a  hundred,  highest  in  sixteen 
years.  The  price  of  live  hogs  has  been 
high  relative  to  the  retail  prices.  As  a 
result,  the  packer’s  margin  has  dwin¬ 
dled.  It  is  generally  acknowledged  that 
the  big  packers  can  stand  this  squeeze 
better  than  the  small  ones  and  that, 
without  some  relief,  a  considerable 
number  of  small  packers  will  be  forced' 
out  of  business.  In  an  attempt  to  cor¬ 
rect  the  situation,  Secretary  Wickard 
announced  that  prices  paid  for  meat 
by  the  Agricultural  Marketing  Admin¬ 
istration  for  lend-lease  would  be  re¬ 
vised  downward  and  that  lend-lease 
shipments  would  be  reduced  temporari¬ 
ly  .Meat  purchased  for  lend-lease  ship¬ 
ments  is  bought  from  packers  under 
federal  inspection,  which  has  given 
them  a  little  advantage  compared  with 
the  small  packers  not  under  inspection. 

— a.  a. — 

BULL  CALVES 

During  the  last  two  weeks  in  Au¬ 
gust,  1,000  Jersey  bull  calves  will  be 
given  away  to  U.  S.  dairymen  with 
grade  Jersey  cattle.  Breeders  in  New 
York  State  have  already  donated  44 
bulls  to  go  to  dairymen  in  the  Empire 
State. 

Distribution  in  New  York  will  be 
made  from  four  sections.  At  Albany, 
the  distribution  will  be  under  the  di¬ 
rection  of  Ira  G.  Payne,  and  Governor 
Lehman  will  take  part  in  the  ceremon¬ 
ies.  In  northern  New  York,  George  W. 
Sisson,  Jr.,  will  be  in  charge,  and  the 
bulls  will  be  distributed  at  the  St.  Law¬ 
rence  County  Fair.  In  central  counties, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Luchsinger  of  Syra¬ 
cuse  are  in  charge  and  the  calves  will 
be  distributed  at  their  farm;  and  in 
western  counties,  the  place  is  the  Erie 
County  Fair  at  Hamburg. 

— a.  a. — 

If  you  are  making  butter  on  the 
farm,  you  will  appreciate  the  mimeo¬ 
graphed  bulletin  by  Professor  E.  S. 
Guthrie  called  “Making  and  Storing 
Butter  for  Home  Use.”  It  carries  very 
definite  directions  on  some  points 
which  frequently  cause  trouble. 

You  can  get  a  copy  of  this  bulletin 
by  dropping  a  post  card  to  Professor 
E,  S.  Guthrie,  Department  of  Dairy 
Industry,  State  College  of  Agriculture, 
Ithaca,  New  York. 


New  York  Milk  Price  With 
Comparisons 

MILK, ,  Grade  B,  3.7%,  1942 

1941 

1910-14 

1942 

201-210  mile  zone:  June 

June 

June 

May 

Dairymen’s  League, 

per  cwt.*  _  $  2.30 

$  1.97 

$  1.05 

$  2.34 

Sheffield  Farms, 

per  cwt.  _ _  2.39 

2.02 

1.05 

2.41 

Average,  per  cwt.  .  2.345 

1.995 

1.05 

2.375 

Index,  1910-14=  1 00t ..  174 

148 

100 

170 

40  basic  commodities 

Index,  1910-14=  100 _ 1 52. Of 

136.0 

100.0 

155.84 

BUTTER: 

New  York,  92  score _ 36.8c 

35.6c 

27.0c 

37.8o 

Index,  1910-14=100-..  136 

132 

100 

140 

DAIRY  RATION  AT  UTICA: 

Wholesale  price  per  to  $39,024  $30. 1 9 

$28.36 

$39.57  4 

Index,  1910-14=100.--  1 384 

106 

100 

1384 

Pounds  feed  equal  in 

price  to  100  lbs.  milk  120 

132.2 

74. C 

120 

Farm  products  other  than 

milk.  New  York  State 

Index,  1910-14=100.—  136 

103 

100 

135 

*  Net  pool  return  without  special  location  or  upstate 
city  differentials. 

t  Adjusted  for  change  in  seasonal  variation  of  price, 
j  Preliminary. 

— LELAND  SPENCER, 
Department  of  Agricultural  Economics, 
New  York  State  College  of  Agriculture. 


WCY  Farm  j 
PROGRAMS  i 


Daily  except  Sunday,  12:30  p.  m.  Weath¬ 
er  Report. 

Daily  except  Sunday,  12:31  p.  m.,  N.  Y. 
State  Wholesale  Produce  Markets. 

Daily  exc.  Sat.  and  Sun.,  6:10  p.  m.,  N. 
Y.  City  Wholesale  Produce  Market. 

Monday  only,  12:34  p.  m.,  Metropolitan 
Milk  Market  Report. 

This  schedule  subject  to  chang-e  without 
notice. 

Wednesday,  August  12th 
12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“Sizing  up  the  Fruit  Crop,”  Ed  W. 
Mitchell. 

12 :45 — Countryside  T^.lk,  Ray  F.  Pol¬ 
lard. 

Thursday,  August  13th 

12:35 — "From  Sun  to  Sun,”  J.  A.  Mc¬ 
Kee. 

12:45 — “Van  Aernam’s  Scrapbook.” 

Friday,  August  14th 
12 :35— Panel  Discussion  —  AAA. 

8:30 — WGY  Farm  Forum. 

Saturday,  August  15th 
12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “Putting 
the  Victory  Garden  on  the  Shelf,”  Colum¬ 
bia  Co.  (N.  Y.)  4-H  Clubs. 

12:45 — A  Primer  of  Good  Government, 
“The  Town  Clerk,”  Otsego  Pomona 
Grange. 

Monday,  August  17th 

12 :35— Dramette— FSA. 

12:45 — “Rural  Education  in  the  News”, 
Francis  E.  Griffin. 

Tuesday,  August  18th 
12:35— “Shall  We  Re-Employ  the  Idle 
Land?”,  Herrell  De  Graff. 

12:45 — Homemaker’s  Council,  “Mental 
Flexibility.” 

Wednesday,  August  19th 

12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“What  You  Can  Learn  from  a  Watt- 
mobile”,  Ed  W.  Mitchell. 

12:45 — Countryside  Talk,  Bristow 
Adams. 

Thursday,  August  20th 
12:35 — “A  Production  Program  for  Com 
Harvesting”,  M.  E.  Thompson. 

12:45 — Van  Aernam’s  Scrapbook. 

Friday,  August  21st 

12  :35 — S'CS. 

12:45 — “Farm  Produce  Prices  and 
Why”,  H.  D.  Phillips. 

8:30 — WGY  Farm  Forum. 

Saturday,  August  22nd 
12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “The 
Green  Mountain  4-H  Guard”,  E.  L.  In¬ 
galls. 

12:45 — A  Primer  of  Good  Government, 
“The  Town  Superintendent  of  Highways’  , 
Warren  Pomona  Grange. 

Monday,  August  24th 
12:35 — “When  Pastures  and  Milk  Checks 
Get  Short”,  (Speaker  to  be  announced), 
New  York  State  Bankers  Assn. 

12:45 — (To  be  announced — New  York 
State  F.B.F.) 

Tuesday,  August  2oth 

12:35 — (To  be  announced.) 

12 :45— Homemaker’s  Council,  "Do  You 
Suffer  from  Emotional  Fatigue?” 

Wednesday,  August  26th 

12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbagt 
“A  Replacement  for  the  Weakest  Link  > 
Ed  W.  Mitchell. 

12:45 — Countryside  Talk,  “Baron  Muller 
of  Muller  Hill”,  Arthur  Pound. 


American  Agriculturist,  August  15,  1942 


13  (455) 


l-lock  and  sheep  barns  on  the  E.  R.  Dawley  farm  near  Syracuse.  Numbering-  about 
100  animals  altogether,  these  Karakuls  are  sometimes  called  “the  most  famous  flock 
of  sheep  in  America”  as  they  are  the  descendants  of  the  first  sheep  of  this  breed 

ever  to  be  brought  to  this  country. 


The  Flock  That  Founded 


An  Industry 

ON  THE  E.  R.  Dawley  farm,  east 
of  Syracuse,  New  York,  can  be 
seen  “the  most  famous  herd  of  sheep 
in  America.”  They  are  black  Karakuls, 
direct  descendants  of  the  first  sheep  of 
this  breed  ever  to  be  taken  out  of 
Bokhara  and  the  first  to  be  imported 
into  the  United  States.  Animals  from 
this  herd  have  sold  at  fabulous  prices. 
A  short  time  before  the  present  war, 
a  single  sheep  was  sold  to  Norway  for 
$500,  while  during  the  boom  of  ’29, 
lambs  brought  as  high  as  $300  and 
prize  winning  rams  sold  at  $1,000. 

In  1900,  while  Theodore  Roosevelt 
was  Governor  of  New  York,  he  asked 
Mr.  E.  R.  Dawley,  then  engaged  in 
Farmers  Institute  work,  to  investigate 
the  possibilities  of  raising  Karakul  fur 
sheep  in  Central  New  York.  Mr.  Daw¬ 
ley  found  that  the  best  Karakuls  lived 
in  Bokhara,  a  hilly  plateau  of  the  alti¬ 
tude  of  Denver,  which  adjoins  Turkes¬ 
tan,  southeast  of  Persia.  The  natives 
lived  a  primitive  nomadic  life,  strang¬ 
ers  were  not  welcome,  and  “it  was  im¬ 
possible  to  get  sheep  out.” 

It  was  not  until  eight  years  later 
that  Dr.  C.  C.  Young,  a  native  Rus¬ 
sian,  armed  with  passports  and  letters, 
entered  the  country  and  got  out  with 
a  small  herd  of  the  coveted  animals. 
He  went  again  in  1912  and  brought  out 
more.  Altogether  fifty  animals  were 
taken  out.  Dr.  Young  took  his  flock  to 
Texas  but  results  did  not  measure  up 
to  expectations  and  only  four  of  the 


By  Raymond  Dunn 

original  fifty  were  deemed  worth  keep¬ 
ing.  The  remainder  were  sold  to  the 
people  of  Texas  for  what  they  would 
bring. 

In  1914,  Dr.  Young  made  another 
trip  and  this  time  brought  back  15 
rams  and  6  ewes,  animals  which  he 
himself  called  “the  choicest  in  Bok¬ 
hara.”  These  he  took  to  Prince  Ed¬ 
ward  Island,  where  a  company  was 
formed,  but  the  low  altitude  plus  the 
sea  fogs  proved  detrimental.  The  sheep 
were  thereupon  removed  to  the  lime¬ 
stone  hills  of  Fayetteville,  near  Syra¬ 
cuse,  and  Mr.  Dawley  put  in  charge. 

Mr.  Dawley  was  already  well  known 
as  an  authority  on  animal  husbandry. 
He  has  been  President  of  the  New  York 
State  Breeders  Association,  was  active 
in  farm  organization,  and  for  years 
was  a  Trustee  of  Cornell  University. 
Mr.  Dawley  eventually  acquired  the 
assets  of  the  company  and  carried  on 
the  work  until  his  death  a  few  years 
ago.  The  business  is  now  operated  by 
his  son  and  his  widow. 

Karakuls  are  larger  and  more  active 
than  American  breeds.  The  lambs  are 
born  jet  black,  the  tightly  curled  fur 
having  a  beautiful  lustre  which  ex¬ 
plains  its  value  as  “Persian  lamb.” 
Mature  animals  have  black  heads,  legs 
and  feet,  but  the  wool  turns  grey  as 
the  animal  grows  older  and  forms 
loosely  coiled  ringlets  several  inches 
long.  This  wool  is  used  in  the  making 
of  Oriental  rugs,  clothing  and  blankets. 


The  Ram  is  Half  of  the  Floek 

By  JOHN  P.  WILLMAN 


WHAT  KIND  of  a  ram  should  1 
use  this  fall,  is  a  question  that 
many  flock  owners  must  answer  before 
the  fall  breeding  season  begins.  Many 
flock  owners  buy  a  ram  of  a  certain 
breed  because  they  like  the  sheep  of 
this  breed.  Others  buy  a  certain  ram 
because  the  price  is  right.  The  breed¬ 
ing  season  is  not  far  away  and  it  seems 
desirable  that  all  flock  owners  should 
at  this  time  give  serious  thought  to 
the  matter  of  selecting  the  ram. 

The  experienced,  practical  and  suc¬ 
cessful  shepherd  knows  that  it  pays  to 
use  a  good  purebred  ram.  He  knows 
that  it  is  a  good  investment  to  pay  a 
little  extra  money  for  a  good  ram  be¬ 
cause  his  lambs  will  more  than  repay 
him  for  the  additional  cost.  He  has 
learned  that  the  lambs  which  are  fat 
and  of  the  right  type  find  a  ready  mar¬ 
ket  while  common  lambs  seldom  ever 
sell  for  premium  prices.  The  man  who 
saves  his  own  ewe  lambs  for  replace¬ 
ment  purposes  should  give  even  more 


thought*  to  the  selection  of  the  ram 
than  the  person  who  sells  all  of  his 
lambs  for  slaughter. 

Such  factors  as  the  size  of  the  ewes 
in  the  flock,  the  amount  of  feed  avail¬ 
able  while  they  will  be  raising  their 
lambs,  the  kind  of  fleeces  they  produce 
and  the  kind  of  lambs  desired,  should 
be  considered  when  the  ram  is  selected. 
The  most  successful  flock  owner  knows 
his  ewe  flock  and  tries  to  select  a  ram 
that  is  strong  where  his  ewes  are  weak. 
He  works  toward  a  definite  goal  and 
thus  eliminates  a  great  deal  of  guess¬ 
work  by  making  judicious  selections. 

Sheepmen  in  general  usually  favor 
the  ram  that  is  large  in  size.  This  may 
be  due  to  the  fact  that  market  lambs 
sell  by  the  pound.  He  also  has  ob¬ 
served  that  the  large  ewe  usually  pro¬ 
duces  the  best  lamb.  If  the  flock  own¬ 
er  already  owns  a  flock  of  large  ewes 
he  may  be  better  pleased  from  the  re¬ 
sults  obtained  through  the  use  of  a 

( Continued  on  Page  15) 


4 


Buy  a  Share  in  America! 


Land!  .  .  .  Thousands  of  acres  of  the  finest  land  in  the  world 
.  .  .  black  earth,  rich  loam,  green  pastures  and  hills  where 
trees  reach  to  the  clouds  and  their  boughs  touch.  .  .  .  Wide, 
flat,  well-drained  land  on  which  corn,  wheat,  and  other  grain 
grows  thick  and  fast. 

Also  upland  farms,  stock  farms,  ranches,  and  citrus  groves  as 
well  as  truck  farms,  tobacco  farms,  and  cotton  plantations. 

This  land  described  above  is  America  .  .  .  not  20  acres,  not 
50  or  100  acres,  but  all  of  it  that  lies  between  the  Atlantic  and 
the  Pacific. 

How  can  you  buy  all  that  land?  What  would  it  cost  you? 
A  dime  will  buy  a  share  of  all  of  it  .  .  .  a  10-cent  War  Savings 
Stamp.  Every  War  Bond  that  you  buy  gives  you  a  bigger 
share  of  this  land  and  it  is  the  finest  land  buy  in  the  world 
to-day! 

Your  government  needs  money  to  win  this  war,  and  is  offering 
you  good  interest  and  a  “money-back”  guarantee  for  it.  War 
Bonds  offer  the  soundest  investment  in  the  world.  With  each 
Bond  purchase  you  are  buying  a  share  of  this  great,  fertile 
country  of  ours  .  .  .  and  protecting  your  own  investment  in 
,  it,  too! 

Buy  WAR  BONDS  every  time  you  sell— make  EVERY 
Market  Day  “Bond  Day!” 

YOU  GET  A  $25.00  BOND  FOR  ONLY  $18.75 

Brief  Facts  About  War  Savings  Bonds  (Series  E) 


How  much  do  they  cost?  Upon  Maturity 

You  LEND  Uncle  Sam  You  Get  Back 

$1S.75___ _ $25.00 

37.50 -  50.00 

75.00 _ 100.00 

375.00__; -  500.00 

750.00 _ 1,000.00 


What  is  a  War  Bond?  It  is  a  written  promise  by  the 
United  States  Government  to  pay  you  the  amount  of 
money  stated  in  the  Bond. 

What  interest  does  my  money  earn?  When  held  10 
years,  Bonds  yield  2.9  percent  on  your  investment, 
compounded  semiannually.  You  get  back  $4  for  every 
$3. 

When  can  I  get  my  money  back?  Any  time  after  60 
days  from  the  date  the  Bond  was  issued.  Naturally, 
the  longer  you  hold  the  Bond,  up  to  10  years,  the  more 
money  you’ll  get  back.  But  you’ll  never  get  back  less 
than  you  put  in. 

Can  anyone  cash  the  bond?  Only  the  person  or  per¬ 
sons  whose  names  appear  on  the  Bond  as  owners. 


NOTE. — Now  You  Can  Buy  War  Bonds  Through  Your  Rural  Postman! 


This  space  is  a  contribution  to  America’s  all-out  war  effort  by 

American  agriculturist 


POST  YOUR  FARM 

AND  KEEP  TRESPASSERS  OFF. 

We  can  supply  you  with  signs,  printed  on  heavy, 
coated  cloth,  that  meet  legal  requirements. 
Write  for  prices. 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 

10  North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


To  profit  by  our  guarantee,  be  sure  to 
mention  American  Agriculturist  when  you 
write  to  advertisers. 


1  4 


American  Agriculturist,  August  15,  1942 


fyantkeoAt  Manheti  ioA.  Nosdhealt  P^iaduceM 

»•  . _ • _ * _ .w,**  - — - - 


"American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page 


HOLSTEIN 


TRY  “WAIT  FARMS”  FIRST 

for  your  next  Herd  Sire.  We  specialize  on  Type  and 
Production.  2  Gold  Medal  Herd  Sires,  2  Silver  Medal. 
Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  thaeUBuhnt  naryms' 

ORCHARD  HILL  STOCK  FARM 

offers  for  sale  Carnation  bred  bulls  of  excellent  type 
from  high  producing  dams  and  sired  by 
Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

M.  R.  Klock  &  Son,  Fort  Plain,  N.  Y. 
Holstein  Bull  Calves,  for  sale  or  lease. 

sons  of  Commodore  Constance,  Dam  K.O.I.  Pauline 
made  lt>,«  lbs.  fat,  28079  lbs.  milk:  was  N.  Y.  State 
Champion.  Out  of  high  producing,  excellent  type _“.a.l!’1s 
backed  by  4%  test  dams.  At  farmers’  prices.  PAUL 
STERUSKY,  Sunnyhlll  Dairy  Farm,  Little  Falls.  N.  Y. 


For  Sale:  REGISTERED  HOLSTEINS 

Will  sell  30  head.  Your  choice  of  115.  Herd  average 
3.75%  fat  last  eighteen  months.  Many  splendid  fami¬ 
lies  that  combine  show  quality  with  high  production 
Some  high  quality  young  bulls,  excellent  show  Prospects 
PAUL  SMITH,  NEWARK  VALLEY.  NEW  YORK 


BULLS 


ALL  AGES,  BY  EXTRA 
WELL  BRED  SIRES.  FROM 
COWS  WITH  GOOD  C.T.A. 
RECORDS. 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 
HIGH  GRADE  DAIRY  COWS 

AND  FIRST  CALF  HEIFERS, 
HOLSTEINS  AND  GUERNSEYS. 
BLOODTESTED. 

Frank  W.  Arnold,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 
GUERNSEY 

FOR  SALE: 

Guernsey  Cows,  Heifers,  Calves. 

Best  of  Green  Meadow  and  Langwater  Breeding. 
Sired  by  Coronation  Potentate,  Coronation  Pioneer. 

HOWARD  PRATT,  ALBION,  N.  Y. 


Tarbell 

Guernsej 

Farms 

Smithville 
Flats,  N.Y. 


365  HEAD  FEDERAL 
ACCREDITED  NEGATIVE 

FOR  SALE:  Young  bulls  and  a  few 
heifer  calves  closely  related  to  Tarbell 
Farms  Peerless  Margo,  18501  lbs.  Milk, 
1013  lbs.  Fat,  World’s  Champion  Jr. 
3  year  old,  also  to  Tarbell  Farms  Royal 
Lenda  20508  lbs.  Milk,  1109  lbs.  Fat, 
World's  Champion  Jr.  4  year  old. 
Visitors  Welcome.  Full  information 
furnished  on  request. 


Guernsey  Bulls 

FOR  SALE 

EITHER  CALVES  OR  BULLS  OF  SERVICEABLE 
AGE.  RICH  IN  LEVITY  BLOOD  FROM  AR  COWS 
OF  PROVEN  PRODUCTION. 

Douglaston  Manor  Farm,  Pulaski,  N.  Y. 
For  Sale:  Registered  Guernsey  Bulls. 

READY  FOR  SERVICE.  FROM  600  LB.  DAMS. 
FEW  HEIFERS  UNDER  ONE  YEAR. 

Price  reasonable  (a  good  time  to  buy). 

Lake  Delaware  Farms,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEINS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 


HEREFORDS 


BOB-O-LINK  FARMS 

Registered,  T.B.,  Blood  tested  Herefords,  Foundation 
stock  for  sale.  Cows  and  calves,  Heifers  and  Bulls. 
Visitors  Welcome. 

WOLCOTT,  NEW  YORK 


ARERDEEN- ANGUS 

FOR  SALE  —  REGISTERED 

Aberdeen  Angus  Cows  and  Calves. 

BANG’S  APPROVED  AND  T.B.  ACCREDITED. 

Mather-Pelton  Farms,  Adams,  N.  Y. 

TELEPHONE  I3F6. 

_ SHORTHORNS _ 

CEDAR  FARM 

Will  sell  a  few  bred  Shorthorn  cows  and  heifers. 
Daughters  and  granddaughters  of  Raveni  Masterpiece. 
Write 

CEDAR  FARM,  Box  125,  OVID,  N.  Y. 


Sra£&L 


CventAs 


Cattle  Sales 

Aug.  22  Avondaie  Ayrshire  Sale,  Westerly,  R.  I. 

Sept.  5  Meadowbrook  Farm  Guernsey  Dispersal, 

Paul  E.  Freytag.  Owner.  Bernardsville,  N.J. 

Sept.  9-  147th  Earlville  Sale.  Earlvilie,  N.  Y. 

Sept.  10  Clinton-Essex  Ayrshire  Sale,  Plattsburg.  N.Y. 

Sept.  18  Dispersal  of  Treweryn  Farm  Guernseys, 

Walter  Kerr,  ow^fer.  Spring  House.  Pa. 

Sept.  19  Eastern  Guernsey  Sale,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

Sept.  30  Harry  Staley  Dispersal  of  Ayrshire  Cows 
and  Bred  Heifers,  Walkerville,  Md. 

Sept.  30  llth  Maryland  Fall  Holstein  Sale,  Mc- 

Donogh  School,  McDonogh,  Md. 

Oct.  3  Eastern  Brown  Swiss  Breeders’  Sale,  Earl- 

ville,  N.  Y. 

Oct.  3  New  York  Federation  Ayrshire  Production 
Sale,  Cobleskill. 

Oct.  6  Vermont  Ayrshire  Club  Sale,  Brandon. 

Oct.  6  New  England  Guernsey  Sale,  Worcester 
Fair  Grounds,  Worcester,  Mass. 

Oct.  8  Ballard  Farm  Holstein  Dispersal,  Troy,  Pa. 

Oct.  9  Eastern  Guernsey  Sale,  Doylestown,  Pa. 

Oct.  10  New  Jersey  State  Guernsey  Sale,  Trenton. 

Oct.  22  Annual  Fall  Holstein  Sale,  New  England 
Holstein  Association,  Northampton,  Mass. 

Oct.  28  Allegany-Steuben  Ayrshire  Club  Auction 
Sale,  Hornell,  N.  Y. 

Oct.  31  Horst-Williams  Ayrshire  Sale,  Jacob  Horst 
Farm,  Route  3,  Lititz,  Pa. 

Coming  Events 

Aug.  15  Summer  Meeting  Vermont  Jersey  Cattle 
Club  at  Oakridge  Farm,  owned  by  Otis  A. 
Kenyon,  Windsor. 

Aug.  20  State  Jersey  Cattle  Club  Summer  Meeting 
and  Bull  Distribution,  The  Rocks,  Little¬ 
ton,  New  Hampshire. 

Aug.  21-22  Classification  Sibley  Farms  Jersey  Herd. 

Aug.  21;  State  Club  Meeting  and  Bull 
Distribution,  Aug.  22,  Spencer,  Mass. 

Aug.  26-28  1942  Poultry  Industries  Exposition  of 

Northeastern  Poultry  Producers  Council, 
Hotel  New  Yorker,  New  York  City. 

Aug.  31-  Cortland  County  Fair  and  New  York  State 

Sept.  7  Junior  Fair,  Cortland,  N.  Y. 

Oct.  30-31  Annual  Meeting  of  International  Ass’n.  of 
Milk  Sanitarians,  Hotel  Jefferson,  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

Nov.  11-19  National  Grange,  Spokane.  Washington. 

Dec.  7-9  Annual  Convention  of  National  Vegetable 
Growers’  Ass’n.  of  America,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Dec.  8-11  New  York  State  Grange,  Syracuse. 


SWINE 


Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 


PIGS 


SHEEP 


FOR  OVER  THIRTY  YEARS 

BONNY  LEAS  BLOODLINES 

have  been  the  basis  for  the  most  successful  flocks  in 
America.  A  host  of  satisfied  customers  in  every  state 
In  the  Union  know  that  a  Bonny  Lea  Hampshire  Ram 
combines  depth,  thickness,  type,  masculine  head,  strong 
back  and  good  fleece. 

FOR  PROFITABLE  PRODUCTION 
TRY  A  BONNY  LEAS  RAM.  Write 


Mrs.  A.  R.  Hamilton, 


R.D.  7. 
Johnstown,  Pa. 


CHEVIOT  BREEDING  STOCK. 

Due  to  the  cancellation  of  fairs  we  are  offering 
rams  usually  held  for  showing,  including  first  and 
second  yearling  rams  at  Maryland  state  fair,  sec¬ 
ond  and  third  yearling  rams  at  the  International 
Livestock  Show,'  and  first  ram  lamb  at  Syracuse 
1941  show  season. 

R.  C.  GREGORY, 

Mt.  Vision,  New  York 


MISC.  LIVESTOCK 


HORSES,  COWS  AND  HEIFERS  FOR  SALE. 

300  head,  mostly  fall  cows.  Two  carloads  fancy  first 
calf  Holstein  and  Guernsey  Heifers. 

50  BELGIAN  HORSES.  One  carload  just  arrived  from 
Iowa.  Excellent  teams  and  singles.  Also  some  excep¬ 
tionally  nice  mares.  Farmers'  prices.  Free  delivery. 
GLADSTONE  BROTHERS,  Phone  36,  ANDES,  N.  Y. 


Defend  your  family  meat  supply.  Invest  $20  or  $30  for 
4  or  5  pigs  now  to  provide  about  1000  lbs.  dressed 
pork  next  winter,  which  would  cost  about  $300.  at 
retail  meat  shops.  Feed  some  grain,  pasture,  skim, 
garbage,  cull  fruit  and  vegetables,  incubator  eggs,  etc. 
Pigs  six  weeks  $6.50;  8  weeks  $7.00;  10  weeks  $8.00: 
12  weeks  $10.00.  Crated,  castrated,  serum  vaccinated, 
grain  fed  pigs.  Money  back  guaranteed  to  satisfy  on 
arrival.  Poland  Chinas,  Berkshires  or  Crosses.  Mail 
order  to — 

C.  STANLEY  SHORT,  CHESWOLD,  DELAWARE. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
It  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


HEREFORD  CATTLE,  SOUTHDOWN 
AND  CHEVIOT  SHEEP. 

SOME  CHOICE  INDIVIDUALS. 

Burton  Sheldon,  Jr.  Oneonta,  N.  Y. 


POULTRY 


DOGS 


SHEPHERDS  —  COLLIES 

TRAINED  CATTLE  DOGS  AND  PUPS. 

HEEL  DRIVERS  —  BEAUTIES. 

WILMOT,  East  Thetford,  Vt. 


USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT 
FOR  SALE:  Wayland  Fruit  Grader, 

MODEL  NR-4  WITH  DUMP  BELT  AND  PEAR 
ATTACHMENT.  EXCELLENT  CONDITION. 

A.  H.  ROWE,  FEURA  BUSH,  N.  Y. 

Anne  Ricker,  R.  2,  Greenville,  N.  Y. 


SEEDS 


Farmers  and  Livestock  Breeders  Who  Advertise  on 
These  Pages  Reach  More  Than  190,000  Subscribers 

Write  your  advertisement  below  and  mail  to  American  Agriculturist,  Adver¬ 
tising  Department,  Savings  Bank  Building,  Ithaca,  New  York. 


Signed  .  Address....... 


EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

YOUNG  BREEDING  COCKERELS. 
CERTIFIED  WONG  WINTER  BARLEY. 
CERTIFIED  NU  RED  WHEAT. 

JsniCS  E.  Rice  Sc  Sons,  Trumansburq.  N.  Y. 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS.  R.  I.  REDS.  NEW 
HAMPSHIRES,  BARRED  CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


The  McGREGOR  FARM 


S-~  Cm  White  Leghorns— 50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 
THE  McGREGOR  FARM.  Box  A.  MAINE.  N.  Y. 

CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 


CERTIFIED  YORKWIN  WHEAT 

Highest  yielding  white  variety.  Best  for  milling. 

CERTIFIED  NURED  WHEAT 

Highest  yielding  red  variety.  Best  for  feeding. 

CERTIFIED  WONG  WINTER  BARLEY 

Outstanding  new  variety.  Very  stiff  straw. 
SEND  FOR  PRICES. 

Harwood  Martin,  Honeoye  Falls,  N.  Y. 
CERTIFIED  NURED  WHEAT 

A  fine  new  kind  of  red  seed  wheat  mostly  for  poultry 
feeding.  High  in  yield.  Also  YORKWIN  wheat,  a 
white  variety.  Place  your  order  with  us  while  the  sup¬ 
ply  of  seed  lasts. 

JERRY  A.  SMITH  &  SONS,  LUDLOWVILLE.  N.  Y. 

Certified  York  win  Seed  Wheat, 

high  yielding  strain. 

Appleton  Bros.,  Canandaigua,  N.  Y. 


Walter  Rich's 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAMPSHIRES. 
BARRED  ROCKS.  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  All  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
Folder  and  Prices. 

WILLIAM  S.  MAPES,  , 


BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  U.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
List  describing  our  Leghorns,  Reds,  and 
crossbreds. 

Eli  H.  Bodine,  Box  28,  Chemung,  N.  Y. 

Rich  Poultry  Farms 


9400 

LAYERS 


Leghorns 


Trapnested  and 
Progeny  Tested 


Reds 


ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS. 

Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de¬ 
scribes  our  method  of  giowing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 


C.  &  G.  FARMS, 

Breeders  of  Progeny  Tested  R.  I.  Reds  (Parmenter) 
and  Red-Rock-Cross  Red  Pedigree  breeding  Cockerels 
250  to  340  egg  dams.  Breeding  counts. 

Box  5, 

Ballston  Lake.  N.  Y. 


C.  &  G.  FARMS, 


ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS,  REDS,  ROCK-RED  CROSS. 

WHITE  ROCKS— "They  Satisfy.” 

Pullorum  free,  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 

Write  for  details.  „ 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER.  Box  C.  GALLUPVILLE,  N.  Y. 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 


STONE  HOMESTEAD;  Equipped 

One  of  those  quaint  and  charming  places  now  in  such 
demand;  beautifully-shaded  Colonial,  8  rooms,  fire¬ 
place,  piped  in  spring  water,  recessed  windows,  beamed 
ceilings,  etc.,  lovely  views,  barn  30x40.  28-ft.  lean-to, 
other  buildings:  2  miles  to  depot  village,  8  min.  to 
Kingston:  35  acres  for  crops,  10  acres  pasture  and 
wood,  125  young  apple  trees;  $6000,  terms,  team,  2 
cows,  hog,  poultry,  machinery  and  crops  thrown  in:**® 
pictures  pg.  29  big  Free  catalog  1384  bargains  many  States. 

STROUT  REALTY, 

255- R  4th  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


FARM  WANTED 


WANTED:  SMALL  FARM 

within  150  miles  New  York  City. 

No  agents. 

Box  514-J,  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  Ithaca,  N.Y. 


HELP  WANTED  _ 

Suitable  Men  and  Women  'attendants! 

Must  be  of  good  character,  well  recommended  U.  S- 
citizens,  New  York  State  residents  and  without  seriou 
physical  defects.  Salary  $54.00-$66.00  per  month  anu 
board,  room  and  laundry.  Eight  hours  per  day.  Comrnun'- 
cate  with  WASSAIC  STATE  SCHOOL,  Wassaic,  N.  T- 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

ms  classified  page  is  for  the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications: 
LIVESTOCK — Cattle,  Swine,  Sheep.  Horses,  Dogs,  Babbits,  Goats.  Mink,  Ferrets:  FAKM  PRODUCE— Field 
Seeds,  Hay  and  Straw.  Maple  Syrup,  Honey.  Pop  Com,  Miscellaneous:  POULTRY — Breeding  Stock.  Hatching  Eggs: 
EMPLOYMENT— Help  Wanted.  Situation  Wanted-  FARM  REAL  ESTATE — Farms  for  Sale.  Farms  Wanted- 
USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT— For  Sale.  Wanted. 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers’  classified  advertising  rates.  1  0, 
advertising  space  units  are  offered  as  follows:  space  one  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $6.00  per 
space  one-half  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.00  per  issue.  Copy  must  be  received  at  American  Agncunu  - 
Advertising  Dept.,  Box  514,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  11  days  before  publication  date.  No  Baby  Chick  adverttsini, 
cepted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows:  Jan.  3,  17,  31:  Feb.  14,  28:  Mar.  14,  28:  April  •  ,, 
May  9,  23;  June  6,  20:  July  4,  18;  Aus.  I.  15,  29:  Sept.  12,  26;  Oct  10.  24;  7,  21;  Dee- 


American  Agriculturist,  August  15,  1942 


15  (  457) 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


THERE  IS  no  meat  shortage  in 
spite  of  what  you  may  have  been 
reading  in  the  papers.  There  are  many 
“ceiling  troubles”  causing  shortages, 
because  of  price  in  sections  of  the 
country  where  ceilings  are  lower  than 
in  some  other  sections,  or  where  indi¬ 
vidual  groups  of  chain  stores  and  shops 
have  a  particularly  low  ceiling.  Gov¬ 
ernment  purchases  without  ceiling  for 
“lend-lease”  and  the  “Army”  coupled 
with  ceilings  for  civilians  are  cause 
and  result  of  the  whole  present  meat 
picture,  and  unfortunately  will  con¬ 
tinue  to  be. 

Sheep  and  lambs  are  also  about  to 
be  placed  under  a  ceiling,  and  it  is 
hoped  that  the  errors  with  hogs  and 
cattle  will  be  avoided.  This  ceiling  will 
be  on  a  dressed  carcass  basis,  not  on 
live  price.  Live  lambs  have  been  sell¬ 
ing  below  the  1919-1929  market  price, 
so  probably  ceilings  on  lamb  carcasses 
will  be  on  a  higher  basis.  While  this 
is  not  a  floor  under  lamb  prices,  it 
may  tend  to  support  lamb  value.  Some 
confusion  has  arisen  between  the  farm 
price  for  all  lambs  (both  feeders  and 
killers)  and  market  prices  for  meat 
purposes.  Since  ceilings  are  figured 
from  carcass  values,  the  farm  price  as 
figured  for  all  lambs  by  economists  is 
not  a  factor  generally. 

Lamb  men  in  our  Northeast  who 
feed  either  native  or  western  lambs  in 
barns  for  our  winter  or  early  spring 
market,  can  aid  the  war  effort  with 
at  least  a  good  chance  of  personal  re¬ 
turn.  Our  armed  forces  want  15  *4 
million  shearling  pelts  for  aviators’ 
suits,  etc.  Wool  which  is  at*  least  1  y2 
inch  to  2  inches  long  can  be  used  for 
army  blankets.  This  means  that  our 
lambs  which  weigh  around  90  pounds 
along  in  the  winter  can  be  shorn,  then 
fed  another  six  weeks,  at  which  time 
they  will  have  a  wool  of  %s  to  x/2  inch 
and  meet  the  pelt  requirements.  If 
light  lambs,  or  lambs  which  have  a 
shorter  wool  than  above,  are  shorn, 
they  will  not  meet  these  requirements. 
All  measurements  can  be  made  by 
ruler,  placed  at  right  angles  to  the 
lambs  themselves  and  the  length  noted. 
Do  not  stretch  out  the  wool  to  meas¬ 
ure.  If  lambs  are  fed  much  longer  than 
six  weeks  after  shearing,  the  wool  gets 
too  long  and  heavy  for  the  purpose 
intended.  The  Government  is  appar¬ 
ently  endeavoring  to  make  this  a  fair¬ 
ly  profitable  operation  through  pur¬ 
chase  of  such  pelts  and  wool,  although 
it  is  not  guaranteeing  prices. 

Feeders,  both  cattle  and  lambs,  are 
still  at  a  standstill.  Range  people  are 


“Never  mind  their  love  letters! 

Look,  at  this  —  one  of  Pop’s  old 
report  cards!” 


asking  sharply  higher  prices,  with 
feeders  bidding  lower  or  refusing  to 
bid  at  all.  Prospectively,  demand  will 
be  good  and  prices  somewhat  above 
the  general  average  of  a  year  ago  this 
fall.  This  demand  will  quite  generally 
settle  around  the  lighter  weight  ani¬ 
mals  because  feeders  are  all  costing 
more  per  pound  than  it  will  cost  to 
put  on  gain.  This  even  in  spite  of  the 
fact  that  they  will  demand  a  longer 
feeding  operation  which  will  increase 
the  gamble. 

At  present  prices  for  meat  animals, 
I*  do  not  believe  you  can  afford  to  mar¬ 
ket  without  feeding  at  least  some  grain 
for  a  few  weeks.  Weight  is  the  pay¬ 
off.  The  extra  gain  and  the  extra  fin¬ 
ish  of  some  grain  will  pay  dividends. 
This  may  not  be  true  every  year,  but 
it  surely  will  be  this  fall  and  winter. 

There  never  was  a  better  time  or  a 
greater  opportunity  to  improve  the 
livestock  on  your  farm  than  right  now. 
Good  livestock  will  pay  for  itself  every 
time;  nondescripts  only  once  in  a  while. 

— a.  a. — 

CONNECTICUT 
JERSEY  MEETING 

The  Victory  Bull  Distribution  and 
Summer  Meeting  of  The  Connecticut 
Jersey  Cattle  Club  will  be  held  at  the 
Hamburg  Fair  Grounds  on  Monday, 
August  17,  at  11:00  A.  M.  The  meet¬ 
ing  will  be  preceded  by  a  tour  of  the 
Meloney  Farm,  Old  Lyme,  recently 
stocked  with  fine  Jerseys  by  the  well- 
known  journalist  and  writer,  William 
Brown  Meloney  and  his  wife,  the 
famous  playwright,  Rose  Franken, 
author  of  the  current  Broadway  suc¬ 
cess,  Claudia,  and  many  other  dra¬ 
matic  hits. 

Railroad  and  bus  transportation  to 
conserve  tires  and  gasoline,  and  truck 
and  passenger  car  sharing  will  be  ar¬ 
ranged  upon  application  to  the  Club 
Secretary,  George  P.  Sexton,  Keeway- 
din  Farm,  Darien,  Connecticut. 

There  will  be  good  speakers  and  a 
cordial  welcome  to  all  dairymen. 
George  De  Voe  of  New  Milford  is  Presi¬ 
dent  of  the  Club;  E.  Lea  Marsh,  Jr.,  of 
Old  Lyme  is  Chairman  of  Arrange¬ 
ments;  Robert  Johnson  of  the  Uni¬ 
versity  of  Connecticut,  Storrs,  Chair¬ 
man  of  the  Victory  Bull  Distribution, 
and  Marcy  I.  Berger,  Woodbury, 
Chairman  of  the  Publicity  Committee. 

—a.  a. — 

THE  RAM  IS  HALF 
OF  THE  FLOCK 

( Continued  from  Page  13) 
medium  or  small-sized  ram.  The  lambs 
out  of  large  ewes  are  apt  to  be  fatter 
at  weaning  time  if  they  are  sired  by 
the  smaller  ram.  This  is  especially 
true  when  the  pastures  are  not  luxuri¬ 
ant.  When  feed  conditions  are  favor¬ 
able  the  large  ewe  bred  to  the  large 
ram  will  do  an  excellent  job  for  her 
owner.  When  the  pastures  are  poor 
the  lamb  may  be  large  at  weaning 
time,  but  he  may  require  much  grain 
and  roughage  before  he  is  fat  enough 
to  produce  a  desirable  carcass.  Thin 
lambs  sell  at  a  great  discount,  but  fat 
lambs  of  the  proper  type  and  weight 
sell  for  premium  prices.  Most  flock 
owners  prefer  to  sell  as  many  fat  lambs 
as  possible  soon  after  weaning  time. 

The  person  who  raises  ewe  lambs  for 
breeding  purposes  is  interested  in  her 
size  at  maturity  and  also  in  the  amount 
and  kind  of  fleece  she  will  produce. 
If  her  mother  was  a  large  ewe,  a  heavy 
milker  and  a  good  shearer  and  if  her 
sire  is  equally  as  good  she  should  de¬ 
velop  into  an  excellent  ewe.  The  ram 
should  carry  a  dense,  long-stapled, 
heavy  shearing  fleece.  The  presence 
of  dark  fibers  in  the  fleece  is  objection¬ 
able  in  a  breeding  ewe.  In  recent 
years  there  has  been  a  strong  demand 
for  the  coarser  fleeces. 


Good  radio  programs  have  not  been 
restricted  or  rationed  in  this  country, 
and  the  fine ,  clear  channel  system  of 


is  slill  enjoyed  by  millions  of  people  who 
have  depended  upon  it  for  entertainment 
and  information. 

This  fact,  we  are  sure,  is  not  to  the  liking 
of  Herr  Hitler  and  his  cohorts.  The  Axis 
way  gives  the  listeners  only  the  things  the 
leaders  want  the  listening  people  to  hear— 
Partly  through  the  medium  of  radio  our 
people  are  the  best  informed  and  the  best 
entertained  in  the  world,  thanks  to  good 
radio  reception. 

WHAM 

50,000  watts ,  Clear  Channel  -  Rochester ,  N,  Y. 

1180  on  the  Dial 


AS*  HE* 


PAPEC 


With  help  so  scarce,  you  need  the  full 
labor-saving  ability  of  a  Papec  on  your 
farm.  Its  man-saving  feed  roll  handles  all 
silage  crops,  hay  for  barn  or  stack,  straw 
after  combining — without  anyone  at  the 
machine. 


SWINE 


PIGS  FOR  SALE  ! 


We  are  prepared  to  fill  orders  for  pigs,  CHESTER  AND 
YORKSHIRE  CROSSED,  or  BERKSHIRE  &  CHES¬ 
TER  CROSSED — 5  weeks  old  $6.75;  6  to  7  weeks 
old,  $7 ;  8  to  9  weeks  old,  $7.50.  Limited  number  of  to 
weeks  extra  sized  pigs  at  $8  ea.  CHESTER  WHITES, 
7  to  8  Wks.  old,  $7.50.  Will  ship  2  or  more  C.O.D. 

206  WASHINGTON  ST.. 
WOBURN,  MASS. 


A.  M.  LUX  FARM, 


Dailey  Stock  Farm 

LEXINGTON,  MASS.  TEL.  1085. 

Top  Quality  Pigs 

Berkshire  &  ,0.  I.  C.  —  Chester  &  Yorkshire  Crossed 
6  weeks  old,  $7.00  each  —  8  weeks  extras,  $7.50  each. 


SHIPPED  C.O.D. 


Walter  Lux,  Tel.  0086,  Woburn,  Mass. 

YORKSHIRE  &  CHESTER  CROSS,  BERKSHIRE  & 
YORKSHIRE  CROSS,  CHESTER  WHITE  PIGS. 
6-7  weeks  old,  $7.00  each;  8-10  weeks  old,  $8.00  each. 
All  large  type  stock.  Ship  2  or  more  C.O.D.  Check 
or  money  order.  If  they  please  you  keep  them,  if 
not  return  them. 


ALWAYS  use  the  complete  address 
when  answering  advertise¬ 
ments,  and  avoid  any  delay. 


See  your  Papec  dealer  today.  With  not 
enough  to  go  ’round,  he  may  not  have  a  new 
Papec  to  sell  you,  but  he  can  supply  the 
parts  and  skilled  labor  to  make  your  old 
Papec  Cutter  or  Chopper  as  good  as  new. 
Any  Papec,  regardless  of  age  or  model, 
can  be  put  in  the  same  A-l  condition  as 
when  it  left  the  factory.  Knives,  shear 
plates,  fans,  pipe  and  all  other  parts  are 
available  NOW.  Next  year,  we  don’t  know. 
Papec  Machine  Co.,  Shortsville,  N.  Y. 


PA 

P 

EC 

THE  CUTTER  THAT  DOES  NOT  CLOG 

Geo.  M.  Royce,  R.  I,  Columbus,  N.  J. 


For 

Victory 


Buy 
United 
States  • 
War  Bonds 
and  Stamps 


•  For  lameness  due  to 
swellings,  puffs  and 
bruises,  farmers  know 
there’s  nothing  so  good 
as  Absorbine.  Many  lead¬ 
ing  veterinaries  have 
used  Absorbine  for  over 
40  years. 

That’s  because  Absor¬ 
bine  brings  fast  relief. 

Used  as  soon  as  lameness 
is  noticed,  Absorbine 
speeds  the  flow  of  blood 
to  the  injury  to  help  carry  off  the  congestion. 
It  often  brings  swellings  down  in  a  few  hours  1 

Absorbine  is  not  a  “cure-all’’  but  of  proven 
help  in  relieving  fresh  bog  spavin,  windgall, 
collar  gall  and  similar  congestive  troubles.  It 
never  blisters  or  removes  hair.  $2.50  for  a 
LONG-LASTING  BOTTLE.  At  all  druggists. 
W.  F.  Young,  Inc.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


Use  ABSORBINE 


.aicuW  ;  to’’] 


(458)  -IS 


American  Agriculturist,  August  15,  1942 


HISTORY:  Under  the  direction  of  Fred  A.  Wirt  and  others  of  the  J.  I.  CASE 
COMPANY,  a  pageant  of  progress  in  threshing  was  shown  at  Old 
Settlers’  Park,  Racine  County,  Wisconsin,  and  later  repeated  at  the  Annual  Conven¬ 
tion  of  the  American  Society  of  Agricultural  Engineers.  The  pageant  started  off 
with  an  exhibition  of  grain  cradling,  binding  by  hand,  flailing  and  windrowing.  By 
this  method  two  men  could  thresh  and  clean  a  pound  of  grain  an  hour.  The  picture 
here  shows  a  twelve-horse  sweep  which,  in  Grandpa’s  younger  days,  was  the  last 

word  in  power. 


It  looks  as  though  there 
would  be  even  less  new 
farm  machinery  available  next  year  than 
there  was  this.  Therefore,  the  job  of 
keeping  farm  equipment  adjusted  and^re- 
paired  is  vital.  You  will  find  the  booklet 
“Your  Farm  Equipment — Take  Care  of  It 
and  Make  It  Do’’  a  big  help.  Just  drop  a 
post  card  to  INTERNATIONAL  HAR¬ 
VESTER  COMPANY,  180  N.  Michigan 
Ave.,  Chicago,  Illinois;  ask  for  the  book¬ 
let;  and  tell  them  that*  you  saw  reference 
to  it  in  American  Agriculturist. 


FUEL  TANKS: 


GULF  OIL  COR¬ 
PORATION,  Gulf 


Building,  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania, 
makes  these  suggestions  relative  to  stor¬ 
ing  tractor  fuels : 

1.  To  guard  against  evaporation,  fuels 
stored  above  ground  should  be  protected 
from  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun. 

2.  Any  shelter  used  for  gasoline  must  al¬ 
low  free  circulation  of  air  to  carry  off 
fumes  .  .  .  prevent  a  dangerous  accumu¬ 
lation  of  them. 

3.  It’s  wise  to  keep  storage  tanks  filled. 


The  FIRESTONE  TIRE  AND  RUBBER 
COMPANY'  have  developed  a  cotton  cord 
innertube  protector.  It  has  been  thor¬ 
oughly  tested.  In  one  case  a  worn  and 
slashed  tire,  condemned  as  useless,  was 
fitted  with  one  of  these  protectors  and 
run  an  additional  4,055  miles  before  it 
failed.  The  young  lady  is  Miss  Dorothy 
St.  Lawrence  of  Providence,  Rhode 
Island,  who  is  taking  a  Firestone  store 
manager’s  course. 


This  helps  to  keep  moisture  from  con¬ 
densing  in  the  portion  above  the  fuel  .  .  . 
guards  against  excessive  oxidation. 

4.  When  underground  tanks  are  used,  it 
may  sometimes  be  necessary  to  remove 
condensed  moisture  with  a  small  suction 
pump. 

5.  Suction  lines  on  underground  tanks 
should  stop  3  or  4  inches  above  the  bot¬ 
tom  of  the  tank.  This  acts  to  keep  mois¬ 
ture  from  being  drawn  out  with  the 
gasoline. 

HARROWS:  The  Cutaway  Harrow 
Company,  Higganum, 
Conn.,  has  been  purchased  by  ORKIL, 
INC.  This  company  will  continue  to 
manufacture  “Cutaway”  harrows,  the 
farm  tool  which  has  made  an  enviable 
reputation  over  the  years. 

ZINC*  As  pointed  out  by  the  NEW 
JERSEY  ZINC  COMPANY, 
160  Front  Street,  New  York  City,  zinc 
makes  an  exceedingly  important  contri¬ 
bution  to  our  war  efforts.  It  is  used  in 
camouflage  paint  and  rust-resistant  paint 
for  ships ;  also  in  optical  glasses.  As 
the  New  Jersey  Zinc  Company  points  out, 
our  boys  can’t  hit  what  they  can’t  see. 
In  addition,  zinc  alloy  stamping  dies 
speed  plane  production,  and  700  heavy- 
duty  Army  tires  consume  more  zinc 
oxide  than  9,000  passenger  car  tires. 


PHIZES: 


Six  $200  scholarships  will 

_  be  given  by  WESTING- 

HOUSE  ELECTRIC  AND  MANUFAC¬ 
TURING  COMPANY,  East  Pittsburgh, 
Pa.,  to  winners  of  the  Annual  National 
4-H  Club  Rural  Electrification  Contest. 
In  addition,  free  trips  to  4-H  Club  Con¬ 
gress  will  be  given  to  state  winners,  and 
gold  pins  to  county  winners.  The  contest 
is  conducted  by  the  Extension  Service  of 
state  agricultural  colleges,  and  4-H  Club 
members  can  get  information  about  it 
from  their  County  Club  Agent. 


HOG  FOOH:  Canned  dog  food  busi- 

ness  has  grown  to 
some  700,000,000  lbs.  a  year.  Restrictions 
on  the  use  of  tin  was  a  serious  threat. 
Now  SWIFT  announces  a  dehydrated  dog 
food.  Adding  water  to  it  returns  the 
product  to  normal  consistency  and  re¬ 
tains  the  color,  odor  and  palatability. 
SWift  believes  that  the  use  of  meat  in 
dog  food  is  an  important  outlet  affecting 
farms,  and  the  new  process  announced 
permits  the  use  of  meat  without  the 
necessity  of  putting  the  food  in  cans. 
Two  eight-ounce  packages  have  the  same 
food  value  as  three  cans. 


/J  "*lhnee.  Qe^ieAvcUio-n "  tya/im 

in  Wayne  County,  .\.  Y. 


THREE  generations  of  the  Stevens 
family  at  Ontario  in  Wayne  Coun¬ 
ty,  N.  Y.,  do  their  share  to  produce 
both  food  and  guns.  All  winter  Mason 
Stevens  worked  as  an  electrician  in  a 
war  goods  factory  in  Rochester  while 
his  father  and  his  son  ran  the  farm. 
Came  spring,  however,  and  Mason 
devoted  his  full  time  to  the  farm  —  to 
the  production  of  “food  for  victory.” 

Youngest  of  the  .three  generations  is 
Mason,  Jr.,  eleven  years  old,  but  he 
does  a  man’s  work  at  many  jobs 
around  the  farm.  The  grandfather, 


Like  many  a  northeastern  farmer,  Mason 
Stevens  of  Ontario,  New  York,  works  out 
part  of  the  time  and  thus  supplements 
the  “food  for  victory”  produced  on  his 
farm  and  war  goods  produced  in  city  fac¬ 
tories.  Here  you  see  Mason  (above)  ad¬ 
justing  an  electric  motor  in  a  Rochester 
shop.  His  son,  Mason,  Jr.,  and  his  fath¬ 
er  (picture  right)  carried  on  the  farm 
work  this  last  winter. 


Arthur,  is  mighty  spry  for  his  60-odd 
years.  It’s  good  that  all  three  genera¬ 
tions  are  capable,  because  labor  is  so 
scarce  that  everybody  has  to  pitch  in. 
On  their  163  acres  the  Stevenses  have 
some  20  acres  of  fruit,  keep  15  to  20 
head  of  cattle,  grow  cabbage  and  beans 
in  addition  to  crops  to  feed  the  cows, 
and  this  year  have  500  to  600  pullets. 

It  takes  cash  to  run  a  place  like  the 
Stevens  farm,  especially  in  the  spring. 
For  that  reason  the  Stevenses  are 
members  of  the  Rochester  production 
credit  association,  and  obtain  their  op¬ 
erating  capital  through  the  credit  co¬ 
operative.  “It’s  a  good  way  to  borrow 
money,”  Mason  says.  “I  tell  them 
what  I’m  planning  to  do  and  how  I’m 
planning  to  do  it.  I  tell  them  when  I 
want  to  pay  it  back.  If  my  ideas  are 
sound  they  let  me  go  ahead,  and  if  not 
they  tell  me  so.  The  interest  rate  is 
good,  too,  and  I  don’t  have  to  worry 
affiout  payments  coming  due  until  I 
know  there  will  be  some  money  to  meet 
them.  Best  of  all,  it’s  a  real  help  to 
have  the  cash  to  do  business  with.” 


FILLING  THE  SILO 


A  PERENNIAL  question  that  comes 
up  every  year  about  this  time  is 
when  to  cut  the  silage  corn.  Often  it 
is  a  case  of  trying  to  outguess  the 
weather,  allowing  the  corn  to  get  rea¬ 
sonably  mature  without  getting  frost¬ 
ed.  It  is  generally  agreed  that  filling 
the  silo  when  the  ears  are  in  the  dough 
stage  will  give  the  most  feed  value  per 
ton. 

If  frosted  corn  can  be  cut  and  put 
into  the  silo  immediately,  there  is  lit¬ 
tle  or  no  loss  of  food  value.  If  it  stands 
or  lies  on  the  ground  during  a  storm' 
or  two,  there  is  a  considerable  loss. 

No  dairyman  can  afford  to  have 
moldy  silage  this  year.  Given  a  tight 
silo  and  good  weather,  with  corn  at  the 
right  stage,  there  is  little  danger.  Mold 
develops  where  the  corn  is  dry  or 
where  it  settles  unevenly,  causing  air 
pockets. 

While  we  hear  each  year  of  corn  put 
into  the  silo  without  tramping,  we  still 
think  it  is  best  to  have  one  man  in  the 
silo  to  keep  it  level.  Tramping  may  not 
be  so  essential,  but  where  corn  is  al¬ 
lowed  to  pile  up,  a  high  percentage  of 
leaves  are  likely  to  end  up  at  the  out¬ 
side  of  the  silo,  and  settling  results  in 
air  pockets  where  mold  can  start. 

If  corn  should  get  frosted  and  sev¬ 
eral  days  must  elapse  before  it  can  go 
into  the  silo,  good  silage  can  still  be 
made  if  sufficient  water  is  added.  While 
no  exact  rule  can  be  given,  it  is  true 
that  sufficient  water  is  a  lot  more  im¬ 
portant  than  most  people  think.  There 
is  far  more  danger  of  adding  too  little 
water  than  there  is  too  much. 

The  most  successful  way  of  prevent¬ 
ing  spoilage  at  the  top  of  the  silo  is  to 
begin  feeding  it  as  soon  as  it  is  put  in. 


However,  pastures  are  usually  good  in 
the  fall,  and  there  is  less  need  for  it 
at  that  time.  If  a  load  or  two  of  swamp 
hay  or  straw  is  cut  into  the  top  of  tne 
silo  and  then  thoroughly  wet  and 
tramped  down,  the  spoilage  will  be 
kept  to  a  minimum. 

It  is  worth  remembering  that  as  the 
knives  get  dull,  the  power  needed  to 
run  a  cutter  increases  rapidly.  Also, 
the  shorter  length  into  which  the  sil¬ 
age  is  cut,  the  more  power  needed  per 
ton;  but  on  the  other  hand,  the  shorter 
the  pieces,  the  better  the  silage  will 
pack. 

— a.  a. — 

ENSILAGE  CART 

( Continued  from  Page  8) 

by  applying  two  coats  of  linseed  oil. 

A  feed  cart  may  be  made  on  the 
same  kind  of  wheel  and  axle  assembly 
to  any  desired  height,  width,  or  length. 

In  case  a  caster  wheel  is  used  on 
either  the  ensilage  dr  feed  cart,  the 
wheel  and  axle  assembly  may  be  plac¬ 
ed  nearer  the  front  end.  If  a  caster 
wheel  is  to  be  used,  a  piece  of  6”  ma¬ 
terial  is  used  for  the  bottom  cross  piece 
of  the  slanting  end. 

Material  required; 

3  pieces  2"  x  4"  x  12'  0" — frame;  1 
piece  1"  x  12"  x  4'  2"  oak — wheels;  16 
pieces  %"  x  3  Vi "  x  12'  0"- — matched 
flooring;  11  No.  14  flat  head  wood 
screws,  3",  to  attach  floor  to  axle  as¬ 
sembly  and  to  attach  handle. 

2  lbs.  6d  box  nails;  V2  lb.  6d  common 
nails;  V2  lb.  16d  common  nails;  6  car¬ 
riage  bolts,  % "  x  4";  4  steel  washers, 
;  1  piece  %"  x  28% "  round  iron;  2 
cotter  pins,  2  quarts  boiled  liR* 

seed  oil.  , 


American  Agriculturist,  August  15,  1942 


IT  (459) 


A  Little  More  Room, 
Please  /??  /.  e- 


J.  C.  Huttar 


17LL  BET  there  are  a  lot  of  chickens 
that  know  what  Hitler  means  when 
he  says  he  wants  “Lebensraum”  (room 
to  live)  for  the  German  people.  Only 
I  think  the  chickens  have  greater 
cause  for  a  squawk. 

Crowded  brooder  houses,  crowded 
laying  pens,  crowded  hoppers,  and 
crowded  nests  came  right  along  with 

the  rapid  growth 
of  poultry  flocks 
on  farms.  Some 
of  them  crowded 
the  poultryman 
right  out  of  the 
chicken  business. 

There’s  been 
some  swing  back 
from  this  over¬ 
crowding  but  it’s 
still  pretty  bad  in 
spots.  The  other 
day  I  saw  an  8’x8’ 
brooder  house  with 
about  300  twelve- 
weeks  old  pullets 
in  it.  There  was 
standing  room 
only.  Some  of  the  birds  looked  as  if 
they  hadn’t  grown  since  they  were  two 
weeks  old.  Others  were  practically 
normal  size. 

This  crowding  isn’t  all  a  matter  of 
floor  space  per  bird.  Sometimes  it  oc¬ 
curs  at  the  feeders  because  there  are 
too  few  of  them.  Sometimes  it  oc¬ 
curs  at  the  nests  causing  fights,  broken 
eggs,  and  the  laying  of  many  floor 
eggs,  which  is  often  the  beginning  of 
cannibalism. 

I  visited  two  Central  New  York 
farms  about  a  year  ago.  One  had 
about  800  Leghorn  pullets  about  16 
weeks  old  and  the  other  about  1300  of 
the  same  age.  In  fact  I  learned  that 
they  all  came  from  one  hatch  of  chicks 
from  a  New  England  hatchery.  All 
these  birds  were  out  on  range  when  I 
saw  them.  They  were  all  getting  the 
same  grain  and  mash  mixtures. 

The  range  for  the  800  was  bigger 
and  greener  than  that  for  the  1300. 

The  800  had  to  get  their  feed  out 
out  of  a  total  of  10  4-foot  hoppers, 
while  the  1300  had  a  total  of  260  feet 
of  hoppers  of  various  lengths.  In  oth¬ 
er  words  the  800  had  an  average  of  5 
feet  of  hopper  or  10  feet  of  feeding- 
space  for  each  100  pullets.  The  1300 
had  20  feet  of  hoppers  or  40  feet  of 
feeding  space  per  100. 

Well  sir,  you’d  never  know  they 
were  sisters  under  the  skin.  I  doubt 
whether  the  800  averaged  much  over 
2  lbs.  each,  certainly  not  2  y2  lbs.  The 
1300  looked  about  half  again  as  large. 

I’ll  concede  that  there  were  a  few 
other  little  differences  in  the  care  of 
these  two  flocks.  The  man  with  the 
1300  had  no  other  farm  work,  while  the 
other  man  had  a  big  farming  opera¬ 


tion  in  addition  to  his  poultry.  Yet  I 
don’t  think  his  birds  were  ever  really 
neglected  except  for  feeding  and  hous¬ 
ing  space.  But  the  larger  flock  also 
had  more  waterers  per  100  birds  and 
the  water  in  them  was  changed  two 
and  three  times  a  day  during  warm 
weather. 

I  still  think  the  hopper  space  made 
the  big  difference. 

Overcrowding  can  be  the  real  thing 
back'  of  many  a  disease  outbreak  be¬ 
cause  it  tends  toward  some  undernour¬ 
ishing  which  lowers  the  birds’  resist¬ 
ance  against  disease.  It  increases  ven¬ 
tilation  problems  too. 

Some  folks  crowd  chickens  because 
they  don’t  know  any  better.  Many 
however  do  it  because  they  think 
they’re  gaining  in  labor  or  housing  and 
equipment  capacity.  That’s  a  mistake. 

On  this  page  are  some  figures  on 
floor  space,  equipment  sizes,  numbers 
of  nests,  etc.,  which  seem  to  be  suffi¬ 
cient  for  good  results.  I  would  give 
them  as  minimum  figures,  however,  and 
wouldn’t  advise  trying  to  get  any  more 
into  the  house  or  around  the  hopper. 

SPACE  REQUIREMENTS  FOR  LAYERS 
AND  BREEDERS 

Heavy 

HOUSING  AND  EQUIPMENT  Leghorns  Breeds 
Hen  House  Floor  Space: — Square  feet 

per  bird  _  3'/2 

Roost  pole  space: — Inches  per  bird _  7 

No.  of  Nests  or  Feet  of  Nest  Boxes 

per  100  birds  _ 

No.  of  3  Gal.  waterers  per  100  birds 
No.  of  5  Gal.  waterers  per  1 00  birds 
No.  of  float  valve  water  pans  per  100 

birds  _ _ _ 

No.  of  4  ft.  water  troughs  (float  valve) 

No.  of  5  ft.  Mash  Hoppers  per  100  birds 
No.  of  5  ft.  Mash  and  Grain  Hoppers 

per  100  birds  _  3 

No.  of  8  ft.  Mash  and  Grain  Hoppers 

per  100  birds  _  2 

Feet  of  calcium  Grit  Hoppers  per  100 

birds  _ 2 

Or  feet  of  Oyster  Shell  Hoppers  per 

1 00  birds  _  I 

And  feet  of  Granite  Grit  Hoppers  per 
100  birds  _  | 


20 

3 

2 


4 

9 

20 

3 

2 


'/2 


14 


I 


I 


-A.  A.- 


WEBSTER  A.  .J.  KUNEY 

Webster  A.  J.  Kuney  of  Seneca 
County,  New  York,  died  June  24  when 
his  truck  was  struck  by  a  passenger 
train.  Mr.  Kuney  was  a  charter  mem¬ 
ber  of  the  Seneca  County  Farm  Bu¬ 
reau  and  Chairman  of  the  Poultry 
Committee  for  many  years.  He  owned 
and  operated  Springbrook  Poultry 
Farms  on  Cayuga  West  Lake  Shore 
Boulevard. 

—a.  a. — 

CHANCE  FOR  FARM  MANAGER 

I  have  an  excellent  dairy  farm  in 
Madison  County,  New  York,  that  will 
carry  forty  to  fifty  cows.  Buildings 
are  modern  and  the  land  grows  alfalfa. 
I  need  a  married  man  with  experience 
to  manage  this  farm,  starting  either 
September  1  or  March  1.  Write,  giv¬ 
ing  full  particulars,  to  R.  D.,  American 
Agriculturist,  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca, 
New  York. 


SPACE  REQUIREMENTS  FOR  CHICKS,  PULLETS,  AND  BROILERS 

AGE  OF  BIRDS 

Floor  Space  in 
Brooder  House 


Floor  Space  in 
Batteries 

1  sq.  ft.  for  each . 

Feeders 


Waterers 

1  1-gal.  waterer  for 

each  . 

1  3-gal.  waterer  for 


1  5-gal.  waterer  for 

each  . 

1  4-ft.  trough  for  each 
Roosts 

1  ft.  of  perch  for  each 


Over 

1  month 

2  months 

3  months 

4  months 

4  months 

2ya 

birds 

iya 

birds 

iya 

birds 

1 

bird 

(4  bird 

8 

99 

4 

99 

3 

99 

2 

birds 

1%  birds 

100 

99 

50 

99 

40 

99 

40 

9  9 

40 

125 

99 

65 

99 

50 

99 

50 

99 

50  ” 

200 

99 

100 

99 

80 

99 

80 

9  9 

80  ” 

100 

99 

50 

99 

40 

99 

40 

99 

25 

200 

99 

100 

99 

100 

99 

75 

99 

50  ” 

300 

99 

150 

99 

150 

99 

125 

»» 

100  ” 

400 

99 

400 

99 

300 

99 

300 

5 

99 

4 

99 

3 

99 

n  99 

DID  YOU  KNOW  THAT  .  .  .  . 


Deficiencies  of  single 

ESSENTIAL  VITAMINS  AND 
MINERALS  IN  FEEDS  NOT 
ONLY  CAUSE  POOR  PROD¬ 
UCTION,  BUT  ALSO  AT 
LEAST  7  DIFFERENT 
DEFICIENCY  DISEASES 
OF  CHICKENS  / 


XOUP  PEROS/S  „ 

DERNVATOSIS  TrNTY  CHIGfc 

gizzard  erosion  ^ 


g 


•ECAUSE  VITAMIN  A  NEEDS 
ARE  BASED  ON  BODY  WEIGHT 
RATHER  THAN  ON  ENERGY  re¬ 
quirements,  THE  VITAMIN  "A" 
NEEDS  OF  CHICKS  INCREASE 
WITH  A6E  / 


QUESTION:  I  want  lo  increase  my 
poultry  and  egg  production.  How 
can  I  get  good  practical  suggestions 
on  how  to  accomplish  this? 


ANSWER:  Write  for  the  new  Nopco  illus¬ 
trated  16  page  booklet  — "Poultryman's 
Guide  to  Increased  Egg  and  Poultry  Pro¬ 
duction" - IT'S  FREE! 


BE  SC/BE  you  GET  A  NOPCO 
O/L  /V  ALL  FEEDS  .... 


Thousands  of  poultry  raisers  insist  on 
GIZZARD  CAPSULES,  the  wormer 
they  KNOW  won’t  sicken  birds  or  check 
egg  production.  For  all  3  kinds  of  worms 
— Pin,  Large  Round  and  Large  Tape 
Worms.  Gets  the  heads  of  all  species  of 
Tapeworms  that  any  product  on  the 
market  can  get.  GIVEthemGIZZARD 
CAPSULES  NOW  before  “profit-rob¬ 
bing”  worms  hold  back  weight  or  steal 
your  winter  egg  money.  Costs  about 
lc  or  less  per  bird.  At  your  nearby  Lee 
Dealer,  (drug,  feed  or  hatchery)  or  post¬ 
paid  from 

GEO.  H.  LEE  CO.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 


Livestock  breeders  who  are 
subscribers  of  A. A.  have  a 
special  and  distinctive  sales 
service  at  their  command, 
NORTHEAST  MARKETS 
FOR  NORTHEAST  PRO¬ 
DUCERS.  It  is  made  avail¬ 
able  to  readers  of  A. A.  in  an 
effort  to  open  markets  for 
surplus  that  otherwise  may- 
have  to  be  sacrificed.  For 
details  and  rates,  write  the 
Advertising  Dept,  of  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist,  Savings 
Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


per  100 

per  100 

per  100 

.$8.00 

$14.00 

$3.00 

8.00 

14.00 

3.00 

7.  8.00 

12.00 

8.00 

.  8.00 

12.00 

8.00 

.10.00 

12.00 

10.00 

.12.00 

16.00 

8.00 

Hatches  Mon.-Tues. -Wed.  -Thurs.  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ . _ 

Black  or  White  Minorcas _ 8.00 

B.  &W.  Rox,  R,  I.  Reds,  W.  Wy.  8.00 

Red-Roek  or  Rock-Red  Cross _ 8.00 

Jersey  White  Giants _ 10.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAASUP.)_I2.00  _  _ 

H  Mix  $7:  HEAVY  BROILER  CHIX,  no  sex  guar., 
$7.00:  STARTED  LEG.  PLTS.,  3  to  6  wks.  old.  Breed¬ 
ers  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D..  100%  live  del.  Postage 
Paid.  AMERICAN  SEXORS  ONLY.  95%  Accuracy. 

C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY.  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


JUNIATA 
LEGHORNS 

Our  28th  year  of  breeding  for  larger  and  better 
LEGHORNS.  Our  Breeders  are  Large  Birds,  Blood 
Tested  and  perfectly  healthy.  Write  for  our  large  cir¬ 
cular  showing  actual  photos  of  our  Farm  and  Stock. 
IT  IS  FREE.  Day-old  Chicks  and  Pullets  can  be 
furnished  on  short  notice.  Unsexed— 100  Pullets— 100 
Special  Hollywood  Matings  $8.50  $16.00 

Large  Tom  Barron  Matings  9.00  17.00 

JUNIATA  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A,  Richfield,  Pa. 


Chicks  That  Live 


Our  34  years  of  fair  dealing  insure 
satisfaction.  Hatches  every  week. 
Write  for  prices. 

KERR  CHICKERIES,  Inc. 

21  Railroad  Ave.  Frenchtown,  N.  J. 


REDUCED  SUMMER  PRICES 

WENE^  CHICKS 


Leading  pare  or  crossbreeds.  Sexed.  U.  S.  N.  J.  Approved.  Blood- 
tested.  Hatches  weekly  year  around.  Literature  FREE. 

WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  Box  h-4  VINELAND,  N.  J. 


ULSH  FARMS  CHICKS 

All  Breeders  carefully  culled  and  Bloodtested.  Order 
direct.  Satisfaction  and  safe  arrival  Guar.  Cat.  Free. 
Shipments  Mon.  &  Thurs.  —  Unsexed,  Pullets,  Cock’ls 
Postage  Paid.  Will  Ship  C.O.D.  per  100  per  100  per  100 
Large  Grade  A  White  Leghoms..$9.50  $16.00  $5.00 

Barred.  White  and  Buff  Rocks..-  9.50  12.00  10.50 

R.  I.  Reds,  New  Hampshires _  9.50  12.00  10.50 

Red-Rock  or  Rook-Red  Cross _  9.50  12.00  10.50 

Heavy  Broilers  of  above  Breeds.  Sex  Guar.  $8.00-100. 

Sexing  Guaranteed  95%  correct.  Our  20th  Year. 
ULSH  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A,  Port  Trevorton,  Pa. 


TOLMAN’S  pB,  ROCKS 

Baby  Chicks  $10.00  per  lOO 

All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100%  State 
Tested  ( BWD  free).  Tube  Agglut.  TOLMAN'S  ROCKS 
famous  for  Rapid  Growth,  Early  Maturity,  Profitable 
Egg  Yield.  Ideai  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters 
or  market  eggs.  Send  for  FREE  circular.  I  Specialize 
—  One  Breed,  One  Grade  at  One  Price. 

JOSEPH  TOLMAN,  Dept.  B,  ROCKLAND,  MASS. 


ft 


CLEAR  SPRING  CHICKS 


Str.  Pult’s  Ckls. 


100 

100 

100 

$9.00 

$16.00 

$3.00 

.  8.00 

15.00 

3.00 

9.00 

12.00 

8.00 

10.00 

13.00 

8.00 

7.00 

6.00 

95%  Guar.  Pullets 

100%  live  del.  _ 

Our  Famous  Hanson  Leghorns _ $9.00 

Large  Type  English  Leghorns _ 8.00 

Wh.  &  Bar.  Rocks,  R.  I.  Reds _ 

N.  H.  Reds  &  Red-Rock  Cross _ 10.00 

Heavy  Mixed _ 7.00 

All  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Postpaid.  1942  Catalog  FREE! 

CLEAR  SPRING  HATCHERY, 

F.  B.  LEISTER,  Owner,  Box  51.  McAlisterville.  Pa. 


HOLSER  CHICKS 

Order  Fall  Chicks  Now  from  an  outstanding  Leghorn 
flock.  My  pens  now  leading  three  laying  tests.  One 
is  high  Leghorn  pen  in  U.  S. 

JOHN  HOLSER,  R.D.  4,  TROY,  N.  Y. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


i 


American  Agriculturist,  August  15,  1942 


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No.  3430.  The  classic  shirtwaist  dress 
continues  to  be  the  No.  1  favorite  of  smart 
American  college  and  high  school  girls. 
Sizes  12  to  44.  Size  36,  2%  yds.  54-in.  fab¬ 
ric.  Hat  is  No.  2596. 

No.  2080.  A  casual  coat  that,  “goes  with 
everything”  is  a  back-to-school  indispens¬ 
able.  Sizes  12  to  40.  Size  16,  2%  yds.  54- 
in.  fabric.  (Dress-length  version  with 
notched  collar  is  also  included  in  pattern, 
but  not  shown.) 

No.  3569.  The  versatile  jumper  is  a 
campus  regular,  and  pairs  off  neatly  with 
your  sweaters  as  well  as  with  its  own 
blouse.  Sizes  12  to  42.  Size  36,  2  yds. 
39-in.  fabric  for  blouse;  1%  yds.  54-in.  for 
jumper. 

No.  3253.  The  “soft”  suit  that  can  be 
worn  by  itself  or  under  a  coat  will  be  a 
faithful  friend  right  through  the  fall  and 
winter.  Sizes  12  to  40.  Size  16,  2%  yds. 
54-in.  fabric;  1%  yds.  39-in.  lining. 

No.  3397.  Extra-curricular  activities  call 
for  a  figure-flatterer  .  .  .  this  chic,  lean- 
lined  princess,  for  instance.  Sizes  12  to 
40.  Size  16,  3%  yds.  39-in.  fabric. 

No.  2596.  When  you’re  buying  material 
for  that  new  coat  or  dress,  get  a  little 
extra  and  make  a  hat  to  match.  One 
size,  easily  adaptable  to  any  headsize. 
Turban  %  yd.  35-in.  fabric;  overseas  and 
jockey  caps,  %  yd.  each. 

No.  3582.  A  good  skirt  will  be  the  back¬ 
bone  of  your  wardrobe.  Waist  sizes  24  to 
32  inches.  Requires  1  yd.  54-in.  fabric  in 
any  size. 

No.  2765.  Slip  a  snug  jerkin  over  your 
blouse  or  shirtwaist  dress  for  a  quick- 
change  act.  Sizes  12  to  20.  Size  16,  %  yd. 
54-in.  fabric  for  either  version. 

No.  3511.  ft’s  a  school  requirement  .  .  . 
this  classic  blouse  that’s  tailored  to  man¬ 


nish  perfection.  Sizes  12  to  48.  Size  36, 
2%  yds.  39-in.  fabric. 

No.  3583.  A  basque  jumper  with  a  long 
torso  is  new,  smart  and  practical  for  the 
“tween-age”  girl.  Sizes  8  to  16.  Size  12, 
1%  yds.  39-in.  fabric  for  blouse;  2  yds. 
for  jumper. 

No.  3064.  Make  your  little  boy’s  suit  your¬ 
self,  and  be  assured  of  good  fit  and  sturdy 
fabric.  Sizes  4  to  10.  Size  8,  1%  yds.  54- 
in.  fabric,  1%  yds.  35-in.  lining. 

No.  3091.  Your  little  girl’s  wardrobe  will 
go  twice  as  far  with  this  jacket  and  skirt 
to  team  or  trade.  Sizes  8  to  14.  Size  12, 
1%  yds.  54-in.  fabric,  1%  yds.  35-in.  lining, 
for  jacket;  1%  yds.  54-in.  for  skirt. 

No.  3568.  Charmingly  simple,  this  little 
frock  is  right  for  play  or  dress-up,  de¬ 
pending  on  your  choice  of  fabric.  Sizes  6 
to  14.  Size  8,  2  yds.  35-in  fabric,  %  yd. 
contrasting,  2%  yds.  braid.  Applique  is 
included  in  pattern. 

No.  3414.  A  well-fitted  princess  slip  and 
a  time-saving  combination  for  both  in¬ 
cluded  in  this  simple-to-sew  pattern. 
Sizes  14  to  52.  Size  36,  2%  yds.  39-in.  fab¬ 
ric  for  slip;  1%  yds.  for  combination. 

No.  2545.  A  warm  wool  house-coat  is  al¬ 
most  a  dormitory  uniform.  This  one  can 
also  be  made  in  the  short  “brunch-coat” 
length.  Sizes  10  to  42.  Size  36,  3%  yds. 
54-in.  fabric  for  floor-length  coat. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address,  pat¬ 
tern  size  and  number  clearly  and  enclose 
15c  in  stamps.  Address  Pattern  Dept., 
American  Agriculturist,  10  North  Cherry 
St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  Add  12c  for  the 
full-color  Fashion  Book,  featuring  over 
100  easy-to-make  patterns  for  all  ages. 
Send  for  your  copy  today !  SPECIAL 
OFFER:  1  copy  of  Fashion  Book  and  1 
pattern  for  25c. 


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American  Agriculturist,  August  15,  1942 


19  (461) 


PATCHING 

Mending  Lesson  No.  12 

By  MILDRED  CARNEY, 

Cornell  Clothing  Specialist. 

METHODS  of  patching  will  depend 
upon  the  kind  of  material,  the 
kind  of  garment  or  article,  the  size 
and  location  of  the  hole  or  torn  place 
and  the  strain  it  will  get.  If  the  gar¬ 
ment  or  article  is  old,  the  simplest  kind 
of  a  patch  may  be  used,  but  a  good 
garment  or  article  requires  a  good 
patch. 

A  patch  is  a  piece  of  material  set  on 
a  worn  or  torn  place  and  is  used  when 
a  hole  is  too  large  to  be  mended  in  any 
other  way.  In  patching,  consider  the 
following : 

1.  The  pattern  of  the  material,  which 
should  match  to  make  the  patch  less 
conspicuous. 

2.  The  lengthwise  and  crosswise 
threads  of  the  patch  should  run  the 


same  way  in  both  the  patch  and  the 
article  being  patched. 

3.  If  there  is  a  nap,  it  should  run 
the  same  way. 

4.  Examine  the  garment  or  article  to 

determine  whether  or  not  there  are 
weak  places  beyond  the  hole  that  need 
to  be  strengthened.  This  is  necessary 
in  order  to  determine  the  size  of  the 
patch  and  also  the  kind  of  patch  to  be 
used.  , 

HEMMED  PATCH 

This  is  used  on  bedding,  underwear 
or  any  garment,  such  as  aprons,  shirts, 
etc.,  requiring  constant  laundering  and 
where  the  patches  are  not  objection¬ 
able.  The  patching  material  should  be 
the  same  as  the  garment  —  faded  if 
necessary. 

1.  Prepare  the  hole  for  patching  by 
cutting  it  square  or  oblong,  cutting 
away  the  worn  or  torn  parts  and  cut¬ 
ting  on  a  thread  of  the  material. 

2.  Determine  the  size  of  the  patch. 
Make  allowances  for  the  size  of  the 
hole,  the  edges  to  be  turned  in  on  the 
sides  of  the  hole,  the  edges  to  be  turn¬ 


AUNT  JANET’S 
fyaoaniie  Hecipe. 

HOT  WEATHER  brings  with 
it  sour  cream ;  the  family 
won’t  mind  it  a  bit  if  you  use  it 
in  this  sugar-saving  recipe: 


Sour  Cream  Cookies 


2'/4  cuos  all-purpose 
flour 

2 !4  teaspoons  baking 
powder 

!4  teaspoon  soda 


*4  teaspoon  salt 
I  egg 

(4  oup  sugar 

•4  cup  rich  sour  cream 

(4  cup  honey 


Sift  flour,  baking  powder,  soda, 
and  salt.  Beat  egg.  Add  sugar, 
cream,  and  honey,  and  mix  these 
liquid  ingredients  thoroughly. 
Combine  liquid  and  dry  ingredi¬ 


ents.  Drop  from  a  teaspoon  on 
a  well-oiled  baking  sheet.  Bake 
15  to  20  minutes  in  a  moderate 


oven  (375°  F.). 


ed  in  on  the  sides  of  the  patch,  the 
distance  the  patch  is  to  extend  beyond 
the  hole,  and  the  matching  of  the  pat¬ 
tern. 

3.  Clip  the  corners  of  the  hole  diag¬ 
onally  and  fold  back  a  seam  %  to  % 
inch  wide  on  a  thread  of  the  goods  on 
all  four  sides. 

4.  Place  the  patch  on  the  wrong  side 
of  the  article.  Pin  and  baste  carefully 
on  the  right  side  to  hold  the  patch 
in  place. 

5.  Turn  in  the  raw  edges  of  the  patch 


Vs  to  %  inch  on  the  wrong  side  and 
baste  in  place. 

6.  Hem  the  patch  with  fine  hemming 
stitches  on  both  sides  using  a  fine 
needle  and  fine  thread.  (Fig.  1  and 
Fig.  2.) 

7.  Press  carefully. 

This  patch  may  be  stitched  by  the 
machine. 

(Note:  Next  lesson  will  illustrate 
the  “Overhand  Patch’’,  a  neat  and  in¬ 
conspicuous  patch  that  may  be  used 
where  very  fine  work  is  needed.) 

— a.  a.  — - 


IT’S  YOUR  SCRAP, 
SISTER  ! 


WE  WOMEN  have  to  get  in  the 
scrap,  not  in  the  Navy  nor  in  the 
Army  but  right  here  on  the  home  front. 
There’s  nothing  romantic  about  our  job 
but  nobody  else  can  do  it.  We  have  to 
save  scrap!  In  our  attics,  cellars,  out 
behind  the  barn,  in  all  sorts  of  out  of 
the  way  places  are  those  bits  of  rubber, 
iron  and  steel,  cooking  fats  and  rags 
which  are  absolutely  necessary  now  or 
war  factories  will  close  down  for  lack 
of  vital  materials. 

You  have  heard  so  much  about  rub¬ 
ber  that  we  will  not  go  over  that  fea¬ 
ture  again;  but  just  look  once  more  to 
see  that  you  have  not  overlooked  any 
rubber  gloves,  hot  water  bottles,  bath¬ 
ing  caps,  rubber  heels,  girdles,  garters 
or  garden  hose.  Rustle  out  those  unes¬ 
timated  tons  of  scrap  metal  lying 
around  the  premises,  old  beds,  stoves, 
electric  fans,  heaters,  door  knobs,  and 
call  the  junk  man. 

The  latest  and  most  pressing  call  is 
for  saving  fats.  Fats  are  needed  for 
making  glycerine  and  glycerine  makes 
explosives  for  us  and  our  allies.  Don’t 
throw  away  a  single  dripping  of  used 
cooking  fat,  bacon  grease,  meat  drip¬ 
pings,  frying  fats.  After  you  have  got¬ 
ten  all  the  cooking  good  from  them, 
pour  them  through  a  kitchen  strainer 
into  a  clean  wide-mouthed  metal  can, 
not  glass  nor  paper  bags.  Keep  in  a 
cool,  dark  place.  Take  them  to  your 
meat  dealer  when  you  have  saved  1 
pound  or  more.  He  will  pay  you  for 
them  and  get  them  started  on  their 
way  to  the  war  industries.  Frozen  food 
locker  plants  also  will  accept  salvaged 
fats. 

Things  NOT  To  Do 

1.  Don’t  take  less  than  1  pound  at  a 
time  to  your  meat  dealer. 

2.  Don’t  take  your  fats  to  the  meat 
dealer  on  week-ends  if  you  can  avoid 
it.  Help  him  by  returning  them 
early  in  the  week. 

3.  Don’t  let  fats  stand  so  long  that 
they  become  rancid.  If  they  do,  the 
glycerine  content  is  reduced. 


Pillsbury’s  DINNER-IN- A-ROLL 


...wrapped  in  tenderest,  flakiest  biscuit,  thanks  to 


PILLSBURY’S  DINNER- 1 N-A-ROLL 

. .  a  savory  way  to  satisfy  six  hungry  people .  .  .  for  about  11c  a  serving. 

Temperature  400°  F.  Time:  about  1  hour  and  10  min. 

Yl  cup  chopped  celery,  or 
carrots 

2  tablespoons  butter,  melted 
1  egg,  unbeaten 
Ys  teaspoon  pepper 
•  Ya  teaspoon  salt 

(The  enrichment  of  Pillsbury’s  Best  with  two  B-vitamins  and  iron 
in  no  way  changes  its  creamy-white  color,  its  mellow  wheaty  flavor 
...  or  the  perfect  way  it  works  for  everything  you  bake) 

1.  Combine  meat,  salt,  pepper,  onion,  celery  2.  Add  Ys  teaspoon  pepper,  Ya  teaspoon  salt, 
or  carrots,  2  tablespopnsbutter,  and  egg;  mix  1  tablespoon  butter,  green  pepper  to  potatoes; 

mix  well.  Shape  into  roll  as  in  St 


•  1  Yl  cups  (  Ya  lb.)  ground 
beef 

•  1  teaspoon  salt 

•  Ya  teaspoon  pepper 

•  Yi  cup  chopped  onion 


1  tablespoon  butter 
1  tablespoon  chopped  green 
pepper  (optional) 

1  cup  ( 1  medium)  cooked, 
mashed,  sweet  potato  (or 
Irish  potato) 


well.  Use  as  directed  in  Step  8  below. 


as  in  Step  6  below. 


The  Perfect  Pillsbury  Biscuit 

•  2  cups  sifted  PILLSBURY’S  Best  Enriched  •  Yl  teaspoon  salt 

Flour  _  •  Ya  teaspoon  poultry  seasoning  (optional) 

•  3  teaspoons  baking  powder  (or  2  teaspoons  •  Ys  cup  shortening 

double-acting)  •  %  cup  milk 

When  you  see  the  tender  flakiness  of  this  Pillsbury  biscuit,  don’t  be  so  delighted  that 
you  forget  something  just  as  important— that  you  get  this  same  glorious  success  with 
everything  you  bake  with  Pillsbury’s  Best!  For  Pillsbury’s  Best  is  a  truly  all-purpose 
flour  — perfect  for  cakes,  biscuits,  cookies,  pastry  or  bread.  And  it’s  truly  dependable, 
too.  It’s  BAKE -PROVED  to  protect  your  baking— pre-tested  by  actual  baking  tests 
made  4  to  6  times  a  day  during  milling.  Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  your  money  back! 


1.  Sift  flour  once,  measure;  add  baking  pow¬ 
der,  salt,  and  poultry  seasoning  (optional);  sift 
again.  2.  Cut  in  shortening  until  mixture  re¬ 
sembles  coarse  meal.  3.  Add  milk;  mix  until  all 
flour  is  dampened.  4.  Knead  gently  on  floured 
board  a  few  seconds.  5.  Roll  out  to  15  x  10- 
inch  rectangle.  6.  Shape  potato  mixture  into 
roll,  about  1  inch  shorter  than  the  width  of 
the  dough.  7.  Place  on  dough;  roll  as  for  jelly 
roll,  but  only  enough  to  enclose  potatoes  in 
dough.  8.  Spread  meat  mixture  evenly  over 


remainder  of  dough;  continue  rolling.  Seal 
edges.  9.  Place  roll  in  well-greased  9  x  4-inch 
loaf  pan.  Brush  top  with  milk.  Gash  top.  10. 
Bake  in  hot  oven.  1 1 .  Serve  hot  with  a  tomato 
sauce.  Garnish  with  parsley  and  pimiento,  if 
desired,  or  with  cooked  carrot  or  beet  strips. 

Get  a  bag  of  Pillsbury’s  Best— and  try  this 
savory,  succulent  one -dish  dinner!  It’s  fairly 
bursting  with  vitamins— with  rare,  rich  good¬ 
ness  and  flavor!  Tonight’s  the  night  for  Pills¬ 
bury’s  Dinner-In-A-Roll ! 


Look  —  beautiful  Knowles  dinnerware  — 
at  amazing  bargain  prices!  Lustrous,  ivory- 
white  background,  with  large  poppy  spray  in  bright 
natural  colors  .  .  .  hand-fired,  semi-vitreous,  with 
a  clear  glaze  (will  not  “craze").  This  exquisite 
ware  is  only  one  of  the  wonderful  premium  bar¬ 
gains  you  can  get  with  Pillsbury  Thrift  Stars,  which 
come  with  Pillsbury’s  Best  and  other  Pillsbury 
products.  For  details  see  recipe  folder  in  Pillsbury’s 
Best  bag  — or  write  Pillsbury  Flour  Mills,  Dept. 
A-238,  Minneapolis,  for  new  free  premium  catalog. 

BAKE-PROVED  to  protect  your  baking 

©  PFM  CO.  TRADE-MARK  REG.  U.  S.  f*AT.  OFF. 


that  dependable  all-purpose  flour,  Pillsbury’s  Best! 


I  K  in  H  E  0  W  I  !  H  -TWO  B  -  VITA  11 1 1  $  A  KB  *  R  0  J 


AFT  IN  THF  CV'PIP  Scrap  metal  is  needed  for  war 
I  nt  wvltHl  materials.  Gather  it  up  and 

sell  it  now.  But,  be  sure  that  you  do  not  discard  machines 
that  could  be  put  into  workable  shape. 


(462)  120 


American  Agriculturist,  August  15,  1942 


Mote  'Wa'i-time  Pickle  PecipeA 


MIDGET  PICKLES 

I  quart  tiny  cucumbers  I  red  pepper,  cut  in  strips 
i  cup  very  small  onions  I  cup  diced  celery 

Pickling  Syrup 

I  pint  hot  vinegar  I  teaspoon  tumeric  powder 

1  cup  thick  honey  I  tablespoon  mixed  spices 

Soak  vegetables  4  hours  in  a  brine 
made  by  combining  3  pints  water  with 
14  cup  salt.  Drain  vegetables,  add  to 
the  pickling  syrup,  bring  to  a  boil, 
cook  two  minutes  and  seal.  The  small¬ 
er  the  cucumbers  and  onions  the  more 
attractive  the  pickle  will  be. 

VICTORY  CHUNK  PICKLES 

2  gallons  medium-sized  I  pint  salt 

cucumbers  I  teaspoon  powdered  alum 

10  pints  boiling  water 

Pickling  Syrup 

4  cups  honey  I  tablespoon  whole  cloves 

2  cups  corn  syrup  I  tablespoon  whole  cinnamon 

„  7  cups  vinegar  I  tablespoon  pickling  spfce 

Scrub  and  cut  cucumbers  in  chunks. 
Cover  with  brine  made  of  salt,  alum 
and  boiling  water.  Let  set  12  hours. 
Rinse  and  dry  cucumbers.  Add  to  the 
pickling  syrup,  simmer  until  tender; 
seal  at  once. 

SNOW  WHITE  PICKLES 

1  quart  diced  firm  pears  14  cup  vinegar 

2  cups  white  corn  syrup  I  cup  diced  pineapple 

(canned  or  fresh) 

Cook  pears  and  pineapple  in  corn 
syrup  and  vinegar  until  just  tender, 
then  seal  in  small  jars.  This  is  defin¬ 
itely  a  “company”  pickle. 

RIPE  CUCUMBER  PICKLE 

4  lbs.  ripe  cucumbers  %  lb.  honey 

peeled  and  cut  in  strips  I  quart  vinegar 
I  pint  pickling  onions  I  tablespoon  mustard  seed 

I  lb.  corn  syrup  I  tablespoon  celery  seed 

Cook  cucumbers  and  onions  in  boil¬ 
ing  salted  water  (1  tablespoon  salt  to 


1  quart  water)  until  clear  and  tender. 
Pack  in  hot,  sterilized  cans.  Make  a 
syrup  of  rest  of  ingredients,  bring  to  a 
rolling  boil.  Pour  over  onions  and 
cucumbers  and  seal. 

PEARL  HARBOR  PICKLES 

10  lbs.  small  firm  pears  2  quarts  vinegar 

2  lbs.  dark  corn  syrup  I  oz.  whole  cinnamon 

2  lbs.  honey  I  oz.  whole  cloves 

Make  syrup  of  vinegar,  honey,  corn 
syrup  and  spices.  Add  pears  a  few  at 
a  time,  simmer  until  barely  tender  and 
seal. 


RED  AND  YELLOW  PICKLE 

2  quarts  tiny,  scrubbed  carrots  4  cups  honey 

I  pint  red  pepper,  cut  in  rings  114  Pints  vinegar 

I  tablespoon  celery  seed  I  teaspoon  mace 

Combine  all  ingredients,  bring  slow¬ 
ly  to  a  boil,  simmer  5  minutes  and  seal. 

SWEET  RED  PEPPER  RELISH 

4  cups  red  peppers  (seeds  removed  I  pint  vinegar 

and  put  through  food  chopper)  I  cup  honey 

2  cups  corn  syrup 

Cook  all  together  for  15  minutes  and 
seal  at  once. — H.  R. 


Today  in 

Aunt  Janet’s  Carden 


ass 


CUT  FLOWERS:  Although  much 
has  been  written  about  chemicals 
which  may  be  added  to  keep  flowers 
fresh,  the  best  authorities  say  that 
keeping  water  fresh,  the  ends  of  the 
stems  freshly  cut  (slantwise),  avoiding 
drafts  and  extremes  of  temperature, 
and  having  containers  and  holders  clean 
and  free  from  organic  matter  will  be 
the  best  and  easiest  means  of  taking 


WHAT  ABOUT  War-Time  travel  West?  With  Northern 
Pacific,  as  with  all  American  railroads,  War  traffic  comes 
first.  However,  we're  doing  our  best  to  continue  serving 
regular  patrons  in  the  manner  which  has  made  the 
NORTH  COAST  LIMITED  so  popular  for  travel  to  and 
from  Yellowstone  and  Rainier  National  Parks,  Rocky 
Mountain  Dude  Ranches  and  the  Pacific  Northwest.  Leaves 
Chicago  Union  Station  11:00  pm.  Coaches,  Standard  and 
Tourist  Pullmans  are  comfortably  air-conditioned. 

Please  avoid  week-end  departure.  Make  reservations 
early  —  cancel  them  promptly  if 
you  should  change  your  plans. 

For  information  and  reservations,  write  V.  L. 

BeDell,  Dist.  Pass.  Agent,  Northern  Pacific 
Railway,  560  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 


care  of  the  cut  flowers. 

Gladioli  should  be  cut  as  soon  as  the 
first  buds  begin  to  open;  the  others 
will  open  indoors.  Both  gladioli  and 
lilies  should  be  cut  with  not  too  much 
stem,  since  the  plants  need  all  the 
foliage  possible  to  ripen  their  bulbs.  In 
jerkihg  up  or  twisting  out  withered 
stems  of  lilies  it  is  better  not  to  leave 
holes  which  might  collect  water  and 
cause  the  bulbs  underneath  to  rot.  In¬ 
cidentally,  if  you  want  to  keep  your 
annuals  blooming,  keep  the  seed  pods 
picked  off. 

HERBS  FOR  SEASONING:  If  you  are 
one  of  those  wise  gardeners  who  plant¬ 
ed  herbs  and  had  them  well  established 
before  our  supply  of  seasonings  was  cut 
off  by  the  war,  you  will  want  to  cut 
and  dry  most  of  them  for  use  next  win¬ 
ter.  They  will  be  spiciest  if  cut  just 
before  their  flowers  open  and  dried  in 
a  cool,  airy,  shady  place.  When  thor¬ 
oughly  dry,  they  may  be  crushed  into 
jars  for  storage. 

MOVING  DAY :  The  bieeding-heart 
which  I  planted  near  the  front  of  one 
of  my  borders  has  grown  to  such  pro¬ 
portions  that  it  no  longer  belongs  there, 
but  rather  towards  the  back.  This  is 
the  time  of  year  to  move  it  while  its 
tops  are  dead  and  roots  are  dormant. 
Other  perennial  plants  now  dormant 
and  therefore  movable  are  the  alyssum, 
arabis  (rock-cress),  early  blooming 
primrose  and  Oriental  poppies.  Al¬ 
though  I  have  said  so  many  times  be¬ 
fore,  it  is  still  time  to  move  bearded 
iris.  September  is  a  better  time  for 
dividing  Siberian  and  Jap  Irises.  Viola 
tops,  which  usually  grow  straggly  dur¬ 
ing  the  hot  weather,  may  be  cut  back 
to  allow  the  plant  to  send  up  new 
growth  for  fall. 

By  the  way,  narcissi  grow  better 
roots  and  therefore  have  finer  blossoms 
for  next  year  if  planted  in  early  fall. 

— a.  a. — 

Horse  and  Buggy  Days 

»  ( Continued  from  Page  5) 

burst  into  tears:  “Our  own  sister’s 
things,  and  we  can’t  touch  them.” 

Later  that  afternoon,  Pa  came  in 
from  the  barnyard.  “Well,  no  use 
workin’  any  more;  the  world’s  cornin’ 
to  an  end.” 

Ma  knew  him  too  well  to  be  scared. 
‘‘Now,  what  do  you  mean?” 

“Look  out  o’  the  front  door  and  see 
for  yourself.” 

She  looked  and  threw  up  both  hands 
at  the  sight.  Drawing  up  by  the  horse¬ 
block  was  Uncle  Ben’s  roan  and  seated 
in  the  neat  carriage  were  Uncle,  Aunt 
Cindy  and  Grandma,  chummy  and 
chatty  again!  They  came  in  to  tell 
us  of  the  awful  catastrophe  that  had 
overtaken  them.  My  parents  were  al¬ 
most  convulsed  by  the  humorous  turn 
of  events,  and  even  Uncle  Ben  aimed 
an  occasional  sly  wink  at  Pa.  Grand¬ 
ma’s  parting  remarks  to  her  sister  that 
day  were  cordial.  “Now,  do  come  over 
as  often  as  you  can;  we’re  all  that’s 
left.” 

So  the  feud  shifted;  and  now  poor 
Uncle  David  was  outlawed,  while  the 
two  former  opponents  formed  a  new 
alliance.  My  Grandmother  used  to  ride 
past  his  house  (on  her  way  to  Cindy’s) 
her  head  high,  eyes  front.  But  I  often 
caught  her  taking  surreptitious  side- 
wise  glances  at  the  enemy  stronghold. 

-The  sisters  exchanged  visits  often. 
And  sometimes  on  bitter  winter  nights 
they’d  sit  by  our  big  stove  and  one  or 
the  other  would  say,  “I  hope  David’s 
sleepin’  warm  in  our  featherbed  to¬ 
night.” 

Grandma  outlived  her  sister  and  had 
to  carry  on  the  tradition  of  spite  alone; 
she  never  relented  toward  her  outlaw¬ 
ed  in-law. 

A  family  fight  over  a  featherbed! 
Foolish?  Perhaps.  But  the  causes  of 
present-day  squabbles,  fights  —  even 
wars  —  may  make  silly  reading  fifty 
years  hence,  and  the  gains  won  by 


The  Amateur  Poet’s 
Corner 


Because  of  the  number  of  contributions 
we  do  not  return  poems  not  published. 
Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

The  limit  in  length  is  sixteen  (16)  lines 
and  each  poem  submitted  for  this  corner 
must  be  original  and  the  work  of  an 
amateur  poet.  Therefore,  when  sending 
in  a  poem,  be  sure  to  state  whether  ytm 
are  the  author  of  it.  $2.00  will  be  paid 
for  each  one  printed.  Check  will  be  mail¬ 
ed  on  or  about  the  first  day  of  month 
following  publication. 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist,  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

PICKING  THINGS 

There’s  something  satisfying 
When  you  get  down  picking  things; 
Be  it  berries,  peas,  or  beans, 

There’s  something  in  you  sings. 

The  earthy  smell,  the  rustling  sounds, 
The  peaceful  sky  above, 

The  soft  bird-call  from  far  away, 
Bespeak  a  boundless  love. 

So  close  to  earth  your  heart  is  filled 
With  thoughts  apart  from  toil: 

You’re  nearer  to  your  Maker  when 
You’re  nearer  to  the  soil. 

— Margaret  Reed  Marcia 
R.  3,  Oakland,  Maine. 


\ 

battle  scattered  to  the  four,  winds  even 
as  the  feathers  from  those  two  ticks. 

The  loss  of  the  beds  was  a  real  eco¬ 
nomic  and  physical  tragedy  to  Grand¬ 
ma.  There  was  more  than  covetous¬ 
ness  and  spite  back  of  her  belligerence. 
There  was  pride  of  and  affection  for 
family  possessions;  a  longing  for  per¬ 
manence  of  times  and  things;  a  stern 
conviction  of  right  and  wrong.  Little 
everyday  events  made  up  life  in  her 
generation  —  when  the  world  had  not 
come  to  every  rural  door  and  outside 
diversions  had  not  broken  up  the  unity 
of  families  and  communities.  All  this 
and  more  —  the  memory  of  her  moth¬ 
er’s  hard  work,  and  of  the  old  home 
ties,  the  necessity  for  thrift,  the  need¬ 
ed  comfort  of  a  good  bed  for  tired 
bones  —  were  behind  my  unbending  but 
dear  Grandmother’s  remark,  one  of  her 
last:  “I  hope  David  will  enjoy  my 
featherbed  after  I’m  gone.” 

— a.  a. — 

The  Boys  Are 
~  -  "Taking  Hold” 

( Continued  from  Page  9) 
dairy  farm  while  his  father  holds  an 
important  position  in  a  defense  plant. 
The  boy  is  using  the  training  secured 
in  his  High  School  course  in  agriculture 
to  do  a  good  job.  He  readily  answered 
questions  about  production  of  individu¬ 
al  animals  in  the  herd.  The  cows  are 
well  cared  for,  and  the  barn  is  neat. 
His  poultry  flock  is  producing  better 
than  50%.  He  does  it  by  persistent 
culling  of  the  loafers. 

Another  young  fellow,  a  Senior  in 
high  school,  is  rapidly  getting  estab¬ 
lished  in  farming.  He  was  brought  up 
in  a  village.  First,  he  kept  a  cow  for 
family  use.  In  a  year  or  so  he  had 
four,  so  he  and  his  father  bought  a 
run-down  farm  on  contract.  His  fath¬ 
er,  too,  has  a  job  off  the  farm,  and  the 
main  responsibility  is  on  the  boy’s 
shoulders. 

To  provide  roughage  for  the  herd, 
some  hay  was  cut  on  shares.  Canning 
factory  peas  were  grown  to  provide 
ready  cash,  and  lumber  is  now  on  hand 
to  provide  for  further  remodeling  of 
the  stables. 

That  young  man  will  be  a  real  farm¬ 
er.  There  are  thousands  like  him  in 
this  great  Northeast  country.  The 
hope  of  the  future,  so  far  as  agricul¬ 
ture  is  concerned,  rests  on  their  shoul¬ 
ders,  and  there  is  no  question  but  that 
they  are  going  to  do  the  job. 

Today,  sitting  at  my  desk,  I  fee 
more  optimistic  and  hopeful  than  I  di 
yesterday  morning  when  I  started  ou’. 


American  Agriculturist,  August  15,  1942 


21  (463) 


AMERICAN  FARM 
FRONT  VOLUNTEERS 

To  win  the  war,  food  is  quite  as 
essential  as  bullets,  tanks,  or 
planes.  Efficient  farm  workers  can¬ 
not  be  trained  over  night.  That  is 
why  American  Agriculturist  or¬ 
ganized  the  American  Farm  Front 
Volunteers,  members  of  which  are 
urged  to  seek  deferment  as  essen¬ 
tial  farm  workers,  where  conditions 
warrant  it,  and  to  stay  on  the  farm 
instead  of  accepting  jobs  in  defense 
work  or  enlisting  in  the  armed 
forces. 

Applications  for  the  American 
Farm  Front  Volunteers  Certificate 
can  be  secured  by  writing  to  Am¬ 
erican  Agriculturist,  P.  O.  Box 
367-C,  Ithaca,  New  York. 


Pe/iAattal  P liable  wul 

SHOULD  UNIFORMS 
MAKE  A  DIFFERENCE? 

( Sixth  Letter  to  Linda ) 

Dear  Lucile :  I  haven’t  seemed  to  have 
so  many  problems  that  I  needed  help  with 
since  school  was  out,  so  haven’t  written 
you  for  a  few  weeks.  However,  I’m  puz¬ 
zled  over  a  certain  matter  and  wonder 
what  you  think. 

As  you  know,  I  live  near  a  big  army 
camp  and  the  churches  in  our  near-by 
village  have  combined  into  operating  a 
sort  of  Service  Men’s  Center  where  the 
boys  can  come  for  free  meals,  entertain¬ 
ment  and  lodging  assignments  on  their 
week-end  leaves.  This  summer,  we’ve 
been  using  the  high  school  gym  and  hav¬ 
ing  dances  on  Saturday  night. 

Mostly,  the  boys  are  fine  and  appreci¬ 
ate  what  we’re  doing  for  them  enough  to 
act  like  gentlemen.  Always,  though, 
there  are  a  few  who  seem  to  think  their 
uniforms  give  them  the  right  to  act  just 
as  they  please  and  the  girls  should  think 
it  is  all  right.  The  6dd  part  is  that  a 
lot  of  the  girls  do  seem  to  think  it  is  all 
right. 

I  know  girls  who  have  always  been 
very  particular  that  let  these  boys  kiss 
them ;  sneak  off  with  them  to  taverns  and 
have  drinks  together  ....  and  maybe  go 
in  for  even  heavier  “petting”  than  I’ve 
told  you.  When  we  talk  about  it,  they 
say  they  think  the  boys  deserve  a  good 
time,  because  they  may  be  giving  up  their 
lives  for  their  country  in  a  little  while. 
I  certainly  want  to  do  everything  I  can 
to  make  these  boys  happy  and  enjoy 
themselves  at  our  parties  ....  but  I 
think  there  is  a  limit.  What  do  you 
think? — Linda. 

1  THINK  that  occasionally  a  boy 
wearing  the  uniform  of  Uncle  Sam 
takes  advantage  of  the  privileges  it  un¬ 
doubtedly  gives  him.  Certainly  our 
hearts  are  always  touched  to  see  a 
young  boy  in  olive  drab  or  navy  blue 
and  think  of  the  fine  sacrifice  he  is 
making  .  .  .  but  I  believe  we  could  hon¬ 
or  this  boy  just  as  much  by  expecting 
him  to  behave  himself  as  by  giving 
him  license  to  act  just  as  he  pleases 
•  .  .  whether  it’s  behaving  himself,  or 
not. 

Most  boys  act  like  the  girls  they  are 
Put  with  want  them  to  act  .  .  .  but  there 


“ You  silly  boy!  Of  course, 
you’re  the  first  man  I  ever  kissed 
— and  by  far,  the  best-looking, 
too!” 


are  exceptions.  I  have  known  a  little  of 
“behind-the-scenes”  conditions  around 
a  state  university  where  naval  cadets 
have  trained  all  summer,  and  girls  have 
told  me  that  some  boys  just  won’t  act 
nice,  no  matter  what  the  girl  does  or 
says.  I  think  it  is  too  bad  that  these 
few  make  a  bad  reputation  for  the 
many  who  sincerely  appreciate  the 
company  of  good,  decent  girls  and 
wholesome  fun. 

When  it  is  up  to  the  girls  to  set  the 
behavior  standards,  I  don’t  think  they 
should  give  an  inch.  It  may  be  doing 
the  boys  just  as  much  of  a  favor  to 
give  them  memories  to  take  with  them 
into  battle,  of  fine,  clean  American 
girls  who  stuck  up  for  their  principles 
and  wouldn’t  “pet”,  as  to  give  them 
memories  of  cheap  kisses  and  nights  of 
behavior  better  forgotten.  Boys  might 
like  to  feel  they  were  fighting  to  pro¬ 
tect  girls  of  high  morals  and  ideals  .  .  , 
and  look  forward  to  coming  back  to 
set  up  homes  of  the  future  with  them. 
Any  soldier  who  finds  a  girl  “easy” 
may  feel  pretty  sure  she’d  be  the  same 
way  with  the  next  one  coming  along. 
And  boys  don’t  like  the  idea  of  sharing 
feminine  favors  with  everybody. 

*  *  * 

Try  to  Relax 

Dear  Lucile :  I  like  a  boy  in  school  and 
I  think  he  likes  me,  for  he  walks  with 
me  through  study  hall,  saves  seats  for 
me  in  movies,  etc.,  but  I  can’t  think  of 
anything  to  say  to  him.  I  think  of  him 
all  the  time  when  I’m  not  with  him,  then 
when  we  meet,  I’m  shaky  all  over.  This 
is  most  embarrassing.  What  can  I  say 
to  show  that  I  am  interested  in  him? — 
Betty. 

The  only  thing  I  can  suggest  is  that 
you  just  forget  yourself,  be  friendly 
and  talk  to  this  boy  when  he  talks  to 


If  you  have  a  problem,  write  to 
Lucile,  Personal  Problems  Editor, 
American  Agriculturist,  Box  367, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Be  sure  to  sign  your 
name  and  give  your  address,  as  un¬ 
signed  letters  will  not  be  answered. 
Your  name  will  be  kept  entirely 
confidential,  and  if  your  letter  is 
printed  in  these  columns,  your 
identity  will  be  carefully  disguised. 
Please  enclose  a  self-addressed, 
stamped  envelope  if  you  wish  a  per¬ 
sonal  reply  by  mail. 


you.  Don’t  make  such  a  big  thing  of 
it  in  your  mind.  He  evidently  likes 
you,  so  the  battle  is  half  won  even 
if  you  never  opened  yotir  mouth  to  say 
a  word.  If  you  sit  and  try  to  find  some¬ 
thing  to  say,  it’s  not  likely  to  sound 
very  spontaneous  or  natural  when  it 
comes  out.  Forget  yourself  and  try  to 
be  at  ease.  Then  you  will  be  natural 
and  he’ll  think  you’re  fun  to  visit  with 
and  talk  to.  Laugh  at  his  jokes,  show 
an  intelligent  interest  in  what  he  talks 
about.  Don’t  try  too  hard. 

#  *  * 

When  to  Say  "Thanks” 

Dear  Lucile :  Should  a  girl  always  say 
“Thank  You”  when  a  boy  helps  her  in 
or  out  of  the  car,  holds  open  the  door  or 
helps  her  with  her  wraps?  What  should 
she  say  if  he  tells  her  that  he  is  glad  to 
have  met  her?  And  what  is  the  proper 
thing  to  say  when  people  thank  you  for 
having  passed  them  anything  while  wait¬ 
ing  on  the  table? — Uncertain. 

A  girl  should  always  say  thank  you 
when  a  boy  holds  open  a  door  or  helps 
her  with  her  wraps.  I  do  not  think 
that  it  should  always  be  necessary  to 
do  this,  however,  when  he  merely 
offers  his  hand  when  you  alight  from 
or  enter  a  car. 

When  a  boy  tells  you  that  he  is 
glad  to  have  met  you,  thank  him  and 
say,  “I  have  enjoyed  meeting  you,  too.” 
Or,  “I  have  enjoyed  making  your  ac¬ 
quaintance,  also.” 

When  you  have  passed  something 
at  the  table  and  the  person  says, 
“Thank  you,”  it  is  not  necessary  for 
you  to  make  any  reply. 


/ 


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Per  Plate,  DENTAL  PLATES 
are  made  in  our  own  laboratory 
from  your  personal  impression. 
Our  workmanship  and  material 
GUARANTEED  or  purchase  price  refunded.  We  take  this 
risk  on  our  60-day  trial  offer.  DO  NOT  SEND  ANY  MONEYI 
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LOW  PRICES.  DON’T  PUT  IT  OFF  — Write  us  TODAY! 

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A  WATCHDOG 
Every  40  Rods 

That  is  what  our  “No  Trespass* 
ing”  signs  are.  When  a  fellow  sees 
one  of  them  he  knows  he’s  in  the 
wrong  if  he’s  caught  —  so  he 
thinks  twice  before  he  barges  in. 


Post  Your  Farm 

with  our  “NO  TRESPASSING ”  signs 

to  keep  off  those  fellows  who 
make  a  nuisance  of  themselves. 

Our  signs  are  printed  on  heavy 
fabric  that  withstands  wind  and 
weather,  jare  easy  to  see  and 
read,  and  meet  legal  require¬ 
ments.  Write  us  for  prices  in 
large  or  small  quantities. 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 

10  N.  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


(464  )  22 


Aunerican  Agriculturist,  August  15,  1942 


Kernels,  Screenings 
and  Chaff 


By  II.  E.  BABCOCK 


A 

MY  INTEREST  in  meat  ani¬ 
mals  lies  entirely  in  their 
ability  to  utilize  our  north¬ 
eastern  pastures  and  hay  fields  to 
advantage. 

I  have  never  been  attracted  by 
the  type  of  animal  which  required  a 
lot  of  grain  to  make  a  saleable  car¬ 
cass  nor  can  I  ever  become  excited 
about  the  over-stuffed,  rolling  fat 
meat  animals  which  we  see  at  shows. 
They  may  teach  something  but  I 
doubt  it.  It  has  always  seemed  to 
me  that  whatever  weaknesses  they 
possessed  were  all  covered  up  with 
fat  and  that  their  expense  accounts 
were  sure  to  be  more  than  their 
value  on  the  block. 

Grass  Important 

As  the  inevitable  impact  of  our 
war  effort  operates  to  restrict  trans¬ 
portation,  exhaust  supplies  of  com¬ 
modities,  cut  down  the  available 
labor  supply,  and  generally  lower 
our  standard  of  living,  grass ,  be¬ 
cause  it  grows  here  in  the  Northeast 
where  people  live,  will  become  more 
and  more  important. 

First-hand  Experience 

From  time  to  time  I  have  told  of 
my  experience  with  grass  silage  and 
with  ladino  clover  and  birdsfoot  tre¬ 
foil,  the  two  new  legumes  of  prom¬ 
ise.  This  time  I  am  publishing  some 
results  of  growing  pullets,  raising 
hogs,  and  growing  and  finishing 
beef  cattle  on  grass. 

I  do  not  regard  my  own  figures 
as  too  reliable,  especially  since 
financial  results  are  partly  due  to 
rising  prices.  I  do  hope  however  that 
they  will  start  a  lot  of  you  thinking 
about  the  kind  of  adjustments  in  the 
Northeast  which  will  take  fullest 
advantage  of  our  great  natural  crop, 
grass. 

Grass  beef,  grass  lamb,  and  mut¬ 
ton,  and  grass  hogs  maybe  won’t 
grade  quite  as  high  as  similar  grain 
fed  products,  hut  it  may  well  be  that 
such  meat  is  what  many  of  us  will 
eat  and  be  glad  to  get  before  this 
war  is  over. 

4r 

GRASS  HOGS 

Our  pigs  came  in  February  this  year. 
We  got  them  out  on  ladino  clover  and 
alfalfa  pasture  about  May  20th. 

We  placed  a  self-feeder  in  the  lot. 
In  the  feeder  we  kept  the  following 
ration : 

800  lbs.  Corn  (ground) 

800  ”  Govt,  wheat  ” 

200  ”  Linseed  meal 

160  ”  Meatscrap 

40  ”  Salt  and  minerals 

On  Aug.  2nd.  we  shaped  up  30  of 
them  to  truck  to  Buffalo.  We  only  suc¬ 
ceeded  in  loading  25  however.  The  truck 
wouldn’t  hold  any  more.  These  25  sold 
on  the  Buffalo  market  on  Aug.  3rd. 
They  averaged  207  lbs.  They  grossed 
$824.75  anl  netted  at  the  farm  $787.75. 


P.  C.  Flournoy,  manager  of  the  Pro¬ 
ducers’  Cooperative  Commission  Assoc., 
Inc.,  which  sold  the  hogs,  wrote  con¬ 
cerning  them  as  follows: 

“Enclosed  you  will  please  find  ac¬ 
count  for  sale  for  your  25  -Hampshire 
hogs  which  were  trucked  in  by  Mr. 
Muzzy.  They  certainly  were  an  excep¬ 
tionally  nice  quality  lot  of  hogs,  and  I 
believe  about  as  well  finished  as  any  I 
have  seen  in  the  yards  here  for  some 
time.  I  do  not  know  how  they  have 
been  handled  or  what  the  ration  was, 
but  would  be  pleased  to  hear  at  your 
convenience. 

“The  hogs  sold  at  $15.65,  which  was 
the  extreme  top  of  our  market,  and  as 
you  perhaps  know,  it  is  very  unusual 
for  trucked-in  hogs  to  be  sold  as  high 
as  long-hauled  hogs  arriving  by  rail, 
which  usually  sell  for  considerably 
more  dressing  percentage  than  the  New 
York  State  hogs.” 

GRASS  PULLETS 

This  year  we  are  not  going  to  house 
any  pullets.  Instead  we  have  sold  the 
birds  off  range  at  $1.50  each. 

Like  most  farmers  our  bookkeeping 
is  not  too  accurate.  The  following  fig¬ 
ures  on  our  cost  of  raising  a  lot  of  400 
February-hatched  pullets,  run  on  a  top 
quality  ladino  clover  range  from  May 
1st  to  August  1st,  are  approximately 
correct.  If  anything  our  cost  per  pul¬ 
let  is  lower  than  reported.  We  have  not 
credited  the  value  of  any  pullets  there 
might  be  over  400  in  the  lot  simply  be¬ 
cause  we  haven’t  counted  them  yet. 


Cost  of  baby  chicks  .  $167.50 

Total  oil  costs .  46.71 

Cost  of  litter  .  4.50 

Total  mash  cost  .  78.88 


(-Including  Starting  &  Growing 
Mash  and  the  supplemental 
mash  with  which  home  grown 
grains  were  mixed) 

Total  '  grains  (including  that 
which  was  fed  as  scratch  as  well 
as  that  mixed  with  supplement)  117.23 
Grit  .  1.50 

Total  . $416.32 

Receipts  from  cockerels  .  189.02 

Leaving  a  net  cost  of . $227.30 

or  56.8c  per  pullet  reared. 

DOWN  MEXICO  WAY 

By  H.  E.  BABCOCK,  JR. 

*  August  2,  1942. 

This  morning  I  am  quite  satisfied 
with  the  way  the  farm  work  has  pro¬ 
gressed  despite  the  shortage  of  labor 
which  we  have  been  putting  up  with 
this  season.  Normally  we  would  hire 
from  three  to  four  men  more  than  we 
are  working  now.  I  am  passing  on  to 
the  boys  in  their  wages  the  savings 
made  in  the  wages  of  the  three  absent 
workers. 

OATS 

Our  oat  crop  this  year  came  through 
with  flying  colors.  For  two  years  I  have 
been  trying  to  prove  to  Dad  that  we 
could  raise  good  oats  down  here.  On 
47  acres  of  what  I  consider  only  fair 
land  I  combined  a  total  of  3,114  bushels 
of  good  heavy  red  oats;  an  average  of 
66  bushels  to  the  acre. 

Planned  for  an  oat  crop  next  year  is 
our  80  acre  maize  field.  What  the  re¬ 
sults  will  be  on  this  field  is  hard  to 


see  now,  but  I  am  apprehensive.  As  is 
the  practice  in  this  country  where  they 
have  had  virgin  land  to  work  with, 
this  field  has  been  raising  maize  ever 
since  I  have  been  here,  and  for  sev¬ 
eral  years  before.  From  the  way  the 
maize  crop  is  starting  off,  I  know  that 
we  will  be  disappointed  in  the  yield 
from  this  field  this  year.  I  have  not 
been  able  until  now  to  adjust  my  ro¬ 
tation  to  bring  this  field  into  a  soil 
building  crop.  It  will  be  sown  to  alf¬ 
alfa  a  year  from  this  fall  after  raising 
one  crop  of  oats. 

WHEATLAND  MAIZE 


This  picture  was  taken  Aug.  5th  in  the 
cooling  room  of  Camp  Bros.,  packing 
plant,  Cortland,  N.  T.  It  is  one  of  our 
spayed  Hereford  heifers  which  had  been 
grown  and  fattened  entirely  on  grass  and 
hay  and  grass  silage  since  she  arrived 
here  from  New  Mexico  about  14  months 
ago.  Three  average  heifers  from  a  lot  of 
72  averaged  to  dress,  including  hearts, 
tongues,  and  livers,  457  lbs.  each.  You 
will  note  from  the  picture  that  they  were 
well  covered  with  fat.  There  was  little 
waste  to  the  carcass  and  the  meat  was 
tender  and  had  excellent  table  quality. 
These  three  heifers  paid  us  better  than 
$5  a  month  for  6%  months  of  barn  feed¬ 
ing  and  7%  months  pasturage. 


We  have  two  fields  of  maize  this 
year;  the  80  mentioned  above,  and  60 
acres  which  was  in  cotton  last  year. 
Prospects  for  the  80,  as  I  have  said, 
do  not  look  too  good.  The  60,  however, 
is  coming  along  beautifully.  Because 
it  is  on  bottom  land  which  carried  a 
very  high  water  table  last  spring,  it 
has  been  raised  so  far  with  a  minimum 
of  irrigation.  We  are  now  watering  it 
for  the  last  time,  a  watering  which  is 
intended  to  give  it  its  final  push  as  the 
heads  fill.  The  stand  is  almost  too 
thick,  and  the  heads  to  find  room  are 
spreading  across  the  middles  so  that 
only  by  looking  straight  down  a  row 
can  the  row  be  seen.  Obliquely  the 
field  looks  a  solid  mass  of  heads,  ap¬ 
pears  to  be  broadcast  rather  than  plant¬ 
ed  in  34  inch  rows. 

CORN 

It  may  be  Iowa  where  most  of  the 
tall  corn  grows,  but  the  growth  of  the 
Strawberry  corn  here  is  amazing. 


Stalks  up  to  16  feet  high  are  not  hard 
to  find  and  the  lowest  of  two  and  three 
ears  to  the  stalk  is  five  and  a  half  to 
six  feet  from  the  ground.  The  boys  call 
it  my  field  for  they  say  only  I  will  be 
able  to  reach  the  ears  at  picking  time 
this  fall.  Shorty,  who  stands  all  of  five 
feet  four,  says  he  had  to  put  his 
daughter  on  his  shoulders  and  let  her 
pick  a  few  ears  for  roasting. 

My  50  acre  field  of  115  day  hybrid 
com  is  doing  better  than  could  be  ex¬ 
pected  for  the  care  it  has  had.  In  the 
scramble  to  put  up  third  cutting  and 
keep  up  irrigation  with  a  short  crew,  I 
let  this  field  suffer  in  favor  of  the  cot¬ 
ton  which  has  the  prospect  of  giving  a 
greater  cash  return.  Once  it  was  wat¬ 
ered,  however,  it  jumped  right  along, 
and  is  now  beginning  to  show  an  oc¬ 
casional  tassel  50  days  after  planting. 
At  this  rate,  it  has  plenty  of  time  to 
mature  before  frost.  This  field  is  an¬ 
other  scheduled  for  establishment  in 
alfalfa  as  soon  as  possible. 


American  Agriculturist,  August  15,  1942 


23  (465) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 

* 


By  cA.  . 

A  FAIR  QUESTION 

|  In  recent  months,  a  considerable 
number  of  readers  have  asked  the  help 
of  the  Service  Bureau  in  settling  claims 
against  hatcheries  that  do  not  adver¬ 
tise  in  American  Agriculturist.  For 
some  time,  the  Service  Bureau  has  had 
the  policy  that  it  cannot  handle  baby 
chick  disputes  against  non-advertisers. 
The  best  procedure  for  a  poultryman  is 
to  take  up  the  matter  with  the  publica¬ 
tion  in  which  the  advertisement  ap¬ 
peared. 

Hatcheries  that  advertise  in  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist  are  scrutinized  care¬ 
fully  and  every  attempt  is  made  to  ac¬ 
cept  advertisements  only  from  reliable 
hatcheries  who  are  willing  to  make 
every  attempt  to  satisfy  customers.  We 
will  let  you  answer  this  question:  Is 
it  being  quite  fair  to  deal  with  a  hatch¬ 
ery  that  does  not  advertise  in  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist,  and  then  ask  the 
Service  Bureau  to  help  out  when  the 
deal  does  not  prove  to  be  satisfactory? 

— a. a. — 

SLIM  CHANCE 

I  have  recently  submitted  a  song  with 
original  music  and  words  to  the  West- 
more  Music  Corporation  of  Portland,  Ore¬ 
gon.  They  accepted  the  song  as  suitable 
material.  However,  I  must  pay  a  sum  of 
money,  $60.00,  before  the  printing  of  the 
song  is  started.  I  do  not  have  the  money 
and  would  have  to  borrojw  it. 

We  have  no  reason  to  doubt  that  this 
concern  would  publish  the  song.  We 
fear,  however,  that  our  subscriber 
would  never  realize  any  returns  on  the 
money  spent.  At  least  that  is  the  ex¬ 
perience  that  has  been  reported  to  us 
by  a  good  many  subscribers  who  tried 
similar  propositions  with  various  con¬ 
cerns. 

Under  such  an  arrangement,  the 
company  has  nothing  to  lose.  The  writ¬ 
er  takes  all  the  risk.  The  chances  of 
an  amateur  writing  a  song  hit  are  just 
about  zero. 

— a.  a. — 

FOR  TIIE  RECORD 

“Last  fall,  I  sold  some  produce  to 
George  Thurston  of  Sanford,  Florida,  who 
was  then  in  Wayne  County.  At  first,  he 
paid  as  soon  as  produce  was  bought. 
Then  he  bought  onions  and  sent  a  truck 
for  them.  I  was  not  home,  but  he  told 
my  wife  he  would  come  the  next  day. 
I  did  not  get  the  money,  so  I  went  to 
Sodus  and  was  told  he  had  left  for 
Florida.” 

That  was  one  of  three  claims  in  the 
same  area.  We  wrote  Mr.  Thurston 
and  received  no  reply.  The  accounts 
were  then  turned  over  to  a  collection 
agency  who  now  write  that  they  have 
been  unsuccessful  i  n  collecting  the 


Recent  Claims  Settled  hy 
the  Service  Kureau 


NEW  YORK 

Mo  W.  J.  Price,  Homer _ ... _ $  4. 00 

(Settlement  on  chicks) 

Mr.  Victor  Hudymko,  Lancaster _ _ _ 40.00 

(Settlement  on  order  of  ducks) 

Mr.  Jay  C.  Reinhart,  Middleburtjh _ 12.80 

(Settlement  on  chicks) 

Mrs.  Frank  Rathbun,  Red  Creek _  5.00 

(Settlement  on  mail  order) 

Mr.  Claude  Winter,  Gardiner _  2.00 

(Settlement  on  plants  bought) 

Rev.  Charles  Arthut  Smith,  Millport _ 57.00 

( Adjustment ) 

Mrs.  Charles  Cole,  Otselic _ _ _ 14.75 

(Mail  order  settlement) 

Anton  Mrass,  Monticello _ 10.00 

(Refund  on  ducks  ordered) 

Mr*  Edgar  Durfee,  Unadiila _ _ _ 13.00 

(Refund  on  order  of  chicks) 

Mrs.  Winifred  Wheoier,  Edniestdn _ _ _ 5.13 

(Adjustment  on  mail  order) 

VERMONT 

^r-  Harlan  C.  Marcy,  Enosburg  Falls _ 30.00 

(Payment  for  hay) 

MAINE 

Miss  A.  C.  Davidson,  N.  Edgecomb _ _ _ 67.50 

(Money  refunded  on  incubator) 


Gobline 


HIDDEN  NAMES 

Watch  each  issue  of  American 
Agriculturist  for  your  name  and 
address.  If  you  find  them  standing 
alone  and  not  connected  in  any 
way  with  editorial  contents  or  ad¬ 
vertisements,  write  American  Agri¬ 
culturist,  P.  O.  Box  R67-HN,  Ithaca, 
New  York,  promptly  and  you  will 
receive  a  check  for  $1.00  by  return 
mail.  We  call  this  our  Hidden 
Names  Contest. 


money  and  in  view  of  the  circum¬ 
stances  they  find,  they  do  not  recom¬ 
mend  suit. 

We  regret  this  announcement,  but 
make  it  for  the  information  of  our 
readers. 

— a.  a. — 

TOMBSTONES 

I  noticed  an  advertisement  of  the  South¬ 
ern  Art  Stone  Company.  They  advertise 
tombstones  at  a  price  that  seems  to  me  as 
rather  reasonable. 

About  three  years  ago,  the  Federal 
Trade  Commission  issued  a  complaint 
against  the  Southern  Art  Stone  Com¬ 
pany  charging  that  the  company  rep¬ 
resented  these  tombstones  as  made  of 
genuine  natural  marble  and  granite, 
and  that,  in  fact,  the  tombstones  were 
manufactured  of  a  mixture  of  con¬ 
crete  and  stone.  There  is,  of  course,  no¬ 
thing  illegal  in  offering  tombstones  of 
this  character  if  purchasers  understand 
just  what  they  are  buying. 

— a.  a. — 

SLOW 

“I  received  a  refund  check  for  chicks 
not  received.  I  want  to  thank  you  for 
your  service  as  they  did  not  answer  my 
letters.  This  has  been  a  damage  to  me 
because  it  is  too  late  to  order  chicks  for 
winter  laying.” 

The  Service  Bureau  maintains  that 
poultrymen  are  entitled  to  accurate  and 
prompt  information  about  orders.  If 
the  hatchery  is  unable  to  fill  the  order- 
the  customer  should  have  the  choice  of 
waiting  or  having  his  money  returned 
to  him  promptly.  Being  human,  some 
hatcheries  put  off  sending  checks  from 
week  to  week  in  hopes  the  buyer  will 
wait  until  they  are  able  to  send  chicks. 

As  a  customer,  you  are  entitled  to 
demand  the  return  of  your  money.  We 
are  glad  that  we  were  helpful  in  secur¬ 
ing  this  refund. 

—  a.  a. — 

SAVE  TIME 

Some  time  in  letter  writing  could  be 
saved  if  every  subscriber  would  give 
us  the  complete  details  about  the  case 
in  his  first  letter  to  the  Service  Bureau. 
We  need  to  know  how  old  the  claim  is; 
exactly  how  it  all  happened  —  in  fact 
the  whole  story  of  the  transaction. 

— a.  a. — 

“I  received  the  money  all  right  from 
the  hatchery.  Thanks  an  awful  lot  for 
helping  me  out  on  this  matter.  This 
was  the  first  time  I  have  had  to  use 
the  Protective  Service,  and  I  am  more 
than  pleased  with  it.” 


SKIDDING  CAR  CRASHES 
INTO  LOCOMOTIVE  . . . 


FIVE  PERSONS  of  South  Byron,  N.  Y.,  were  riding  in  this 
car  to  a  Grange  dinner  —  FOUR  carried  a  North  American 
Travel  Accident  Policy  —  THREE  lived  to  remember  the 
terrible  experience. 


Mrs.  Pfann’s  Story: 

“It  was  a  terribly  cold  day — real¬ 
ly  zero  weather  outside.  My  hus¬ 
band  and  I  started  out  for  a  Grange 
dinner  and  I  got  in  the  back  seat 
to  save  time,  because  we  were  to 
pick  up  three  other  ladies. 

“Finally  everybody  was  in  the  car 
and  we  started  for  the  dinner.  A 
short  distance  from  the  crossing,  I 
remember  looking  back  at  Mrs. 
Robb  Wood’s  place.  She  had  a  good  fire  inside  because  the  windows 
weren’t  frosted  up.  We  were  all  having  a  good  time  visiting — and  then  it 
happened. 

“I  didn’t  see  any  train  at  all.  You  know  some  things  happen  so  fast  that 
you  never  know  what  happens.  The  next  thing  I  remember  I  was  standing 
near  our  wrecked  car  and  asking  my  husband,  ‘What’s  happened’?  He 
pointed  to  our  car  and  said,  ‘Well,  look!’  ” 


Mrs.  Newcomb’s  Story: 


“When  the  Pfanns  came  along  I 
got  in  the  front  seat  with  Mr.  Pfann. 

I  don’t  remember  a  single  thing 
about  the  accident,  in  fact  I  wouldn’t 
have  known  that  we  had  hit  a  train, 
if  they  hadn’t  told  me  later.  They 
found  me  pinned  under  the  wrecked 
car. 

“They  say  I  talked  a  blue  streak 
the  first  few  weeks  in  the  hospital, 
but  I  don’t  know  what  I  said.  The 
nurses  told  me  that  I  kept  talking 
about  big  wheels  turning  around  — 
big  train  wheels.  I  was  in  the  hos¬ 
pital  thirteen  weeks  with  a  fractur¬ 
ed  skull,  five  broken  ribs,  a  broken 
collarbone,  and  a  broken  leg.  “This  is  the  second  accident  in  which  your 
Travel  Accident  Policy  has  helped  out.  About  a  year  ago,  my  car  went 
over  a  ten  foot  embankment  and  I  was  laid  up  for  a  couple  of  weeks.” 


Mrs.  Newcomb. 


ALL  THREE  PERSONS  above  received  full  benefits  on 
their  Travel  Accident  policies.  The  two  other  passengers, 
Mrs.  Ida  L.  Gillett  and  Mrs.  Emily  Warn  both  died  as  a 
result  of  the  accident.  We  regret  that  Mrs.  Warn  turned 
down  our  agent  by  saying  that  she  didn’t  drive  and 
couldn’t  see  the  need  for  insurance.  It’s  not  only  the 
driver  that  gets  hurt  or  killed.  Everybody  riding  in  the 
car  needs  accident  protection. 

Keep,  IjaoA,  Policy  Renewed 


North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co. 

Oldest  and  Carfest  Exclusive  °}feahf>  and  Occident  Company  in  America 
N.  A. ASSOCIATES  DEPARTMENT  Poughkeepsie.  N.Y.' 


Every  Price  Increase  EVER  WON  by 
Organized  Farmers 


Your  Milk  Check  TODAY! 


The  Improved  Conditions  Which  Farmer- 
Cooperatives  Have  Brought  About  Helps 

Even  the  Farmer  Who 
Opposes  Organized  Effort 


HOUGH  not  all  it  should 
be  — and  not  all  that  it  would  have  been  had  all  farmers 
worked  together — today’s  milk  check  is  dollars  higher 
because  of  the  efforts  of  organized  farmers. 

The  improved  market  stability,  the  higher  fluid 
price,  the  absence  of  a  surplus  problem,  and  the  better 
bargaining  position  of  ALL  farmers  in  the  milkshed, 
are  the  direct  result  of  the  farsightedness,  spirit  of 
sacrifice  and  spirit  of  cooperation  exhibited  by  the 
pioneer  farm  cooperative  members — men  who  saw 
that  the  only  way  out  of  the  economic  web  that  was 


slowly  strangling  the  farm  to  death,  was  the  way  of 
organization  and  united  effort. 

Organization  Built 

Today's  Stable  Market 

Those  brave  pioneers,  and  the  hardy  spirits  who 
have  followed  in  their  footsteps,  are  the  planners  and 
builders  of  today’s  bettered  conditions.  Everything 
they  did  has  bolstered  the  stability  of  the  market,  has 
added  a  few  pennies  here,  and  prevented  a  dollar  from 
being  lopped  off  there. 

They  are  the  ones  who  have  fought  every  attempt 
and  device  of  the  opposition  to  seize  control  and 
grind  down  the  farmer.  They  pointed  out  the  folly 
of  state  isolationism  of  milk  supply,  and  declared  that 
if  farmers  were  charged  with  the  responsibility  of 
supplying  milk  for  the  New  York  City  market,  they 
should  be  given  control  over  all  the  territory  in  all 
the  states  that  sent  milk  to  that  market. 


*  *  *  Milkshed  Control  Needed 


Thus  they  opposed  the  New  York  State  milk  law  ;  ;  .  because  it 
didn’t  go  far  enough.  And  they  agitated  for  and  worked  for  the 
Rogers-Alien  law  and  the  State  and  Federal  Milk  orders  .  .  .  because 
this  law  and  these  orders  gave  control  of  the  entire  milkshed  into  the 
hands  of  farmers. 

Today  many  voices  are  claiming  credit  for  the  increased  prices  and 
improved  conditions  which  have  resulted  from  organized  farmers* 
efforts.  But  the  facts  speak  for  themselves.  Organized  farmers  say  only 
that  as  all  farmers  benefit  from  the  improved  conditions,  all  farmers 
should  help  to  pay  the  freight.  In  short,  all  farmers  should  join  a 
cooperative  because  cooperative  action  is  the  very  basis  of  the  law 
and  the  orders. 

So  join  a  cooperative — any  cooperative  you  choose — but  join.  Help 
to  maintain  the  organizations  which  have  obtained  the  improved  con¬ 
ditions  and  the  improved  prices  under  which  you  live  and  prosper. 


0 


t?, 


EVERY  OTHER  WEEK  THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 


Here  is  what  one  commun¬ 
ity  has  done.  Can  you  match 
it,  or  even  better,  beat  it? 


WANT  E  II 

I  must  have  6,000,000  tons  of 
scrap  iron  and  steel  right  away  for 
guns,  tanks,  airplanes,  ships  and 
bombs. — U ncle  Sam. 


UNCLE  SAM  is  putting  the  situa¬ 
tion  mildly.  This  is  a  war  of  ma¬ 
chines,  and  machines  are  made  of 
steel.  It  is  easy  to  agree  that  scrap 
must  be  collected — not  so  easy  to  get  it  col¬ 
lected  from  fence  corners,  dump  heaps,  and 
buildings,  and  to  send  it  on  its  way  to  the 
steel  mills.  It  is  not  easy,  but  it  must  be  done. 

The  War  Production  Board  is  driving  hard 
on  a  National  Scrap  Harvest  Program.  In 
addition  to  iron  and  steel,  scrap  that  is  being 
collected  includes  rubber,  copper,  zinc,  lead, 
tin,  rags,  and  burlap. 

Every  state  and  every  county  has  a  scrap 
salvage  Chairman,  but  before  the  job  is  done, 
thousands  of  individuals  must  volunteer  to 
help  and  must  carry  through.  Already  farm 
equipment  dealers  have  spent  many  days  and 
many  dollars.  Let’s  follow  their  example. 
Here  are  the  steps  that  have  already  proved 
successful  where  tried : 

First,  the  public  must  be  convinced  of  the 
need.  That,  we  think,  has  been  accomplished. 
The  idea  has  been  sold,  but  some  of  the  goods 
have  not  been  delivered. 

Second,  a  detailed  plan  of  action  must  be 
worked  out  for  each  local  area — either  village, 
town,  or  school  district.  This  plan  includes: 


the  appointment  of  a  local  committee  with 
members  who  are  willing  to  use  their  time 
to  do  the  job;  the  use  of  every  available 
means  of  publicity,  including  newspapers, 
radio  announcements,  posters,  and  talks;  and 
a  house-to-house  canvass.  By  all  means  in¬ 
clude  a  scrap  dealer  on  the  committee. 

Third,  trucks  and  labor  must  be  secured  to 
haul  in  the  junk  where  the  owners  cannot  or 
will  not  do  it. 

Fourth,  time  a  short,  intensive  drive  to 
come  when  farm  work  in  your  area  is  least 
pressing. 

If  a  committee  has  been  set  up  in  your 
community,  work  on  it  or  work  with  it.  If 
no  such  committee  has  been  formed,  talk 
with  your  neighbors,  particularly  presidents 
of  local  organizations,  and  do  not  stop  until 
a  committee  is  set  up  and  hard  at  work. 

The  other  day  I  walked  over  a  farm  with 
its  owner,  Back  in  the  woods,  in  a  fenc'e  cor¬ 
ner,  we  found  a  junk  pile.  In  it  were  three  or 
four  old  milk  cans,  parts  of  an  old  farm 
truck,  several  rolls  of  rusty  wire,  and  a  bunch 
of  miscellaneous  junk — some  useful  and  some 
worthless,  even  for  salvage.  We  agreed  that 
the  pile  should  be  salvaged,  and  began  to 
consider  how  it  c®uld  be  done. 


By  H.  L.  COSLING 

“It  has  been  a  busy  time  for  us,”  said  the 
owner,  “and  I  doubt  if  we  could  haul  this 
away  soon  without  interfering  with  farm 
work  that  must  be  done.  I  doubt  if  there  is 
enough  to  pay  a  junk  man  to  come  and  get 
it,  and  I  haven’t  heard  of  any  definite  plan 
to  collect  scrap  in  this  neighborhood.” 

Here  was  a  situation  that  could  be  dupli¬ 
cated  on  thousands  of  farms.  Under  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  a  live  committee,  there  are  several 
ways  it  could  be  handled. 

First,  it  is  obvious  that  a  junk  dealer  could 
afford  to  travel  farther  for  scrap  given  to  him 
than  he  could  if  he  were  expected  to  pay  for 
it.  Even  though  no  committee  has  yet  been 
set  up,  you  can  call  the  nearest  junk  dealer 
by  phone  or  write  him  a  letter,  saying,  “I 
have  about  —  tons  of  scrap.  If  you  will  come 
and  get  it,  you  can  have  it.” 

Some  organizations  may  be  putting  on  a 
scrap  collection  drive  of  their  own.  Such  a 
drive  is  by  no  means  a  substitute  for  an  all- 
out  house-to-house"  canvass,  but  every  effort 
helps  and  should  be  encouraged. 

Already  in  your  neighborhood  the  Boy 
Scouts,  the  boys  in  the  ( Turn  to  Page  15) 


IN  THIS  ISSUE  THE  CABBAGE  OUTLOOK,  Page  6;  JOHN  HUTTAR’S  POULTRY  COLUMN,  Page  8;  THIRD  CUTTING 
” 0  ALFALFA,  Page  13;  THE  LIVESTOCK  MARKET,  by  “Doc”  Roberts,  Page  15;  HOW  TO  MAKE  SAUER¬ 

KRAUT,  Page  16;  TAKE  CARE  OF  YOUR  SWEATERS,  Page  16;  KERNELS,  SCREENINGS  &  CHAFF,  Page  19. 


AUG.  29 


1942 


The  basis 


of  a  sound  business  cooperative  is 


voluntary  use 


by  fully  informed  patrons 


Extra  Condition  Abnr 


Extra  Milk  Next  Winter 


« 


Higher  Milk  Quotas  Can  be  Met  by  Giving 

Special  Attention  to  Your  Dry  Cows 


COWS  that  freshen  with  sleek,  loose  hides, 
rounded  hips  and  rumps  are  the  kind  that 
fill  the  milk  pail  twice  a  day  and  keep  going 
month  after  month. 

After  a  cow  has  worked  hard  for  a  year,  she 
needs  a  rest — not  less  than  six  weeks.  She  needs 
plenty  of  roughage,  more  than  August  pastures 
will  give  her.  Supplement  the  pasture  with  good 
hay  or  other  roughage.  Bright  green,  leafy  legume 
hay  if  you  have  it;  it  provides  extra  calcium  she 
can  store  for  later  use  when  she’s  milking  heavily. 

She  needs  a  grain  ration  that  will  help  her  re¬ 
store  minerals,  fat,  and  body  tissue,  while  she  is 


resting  up  for  an¬ 
other  year  of  pro¬ 
duction — a  cooling, 
laxative  feed  like 
G.L.F.  Dry  &  Fresh¬ 
ening  Ration.  It’s 
bulky,  palatable,  and  she  can  eat  as  much  as  she 
needs  to  get  in  top  shape,  without  danger  of 
injury  to  her  udder. 

If  she’s  thin,  she  will  need  from  8  to  10  pounds 
a  day.  If  she’s  in  good  rig  when  she  dries  off,  5  to 
6  pounds  a  day  may  be  enough  to  get  her  in  top 
shape. 

After  she  freshens,  change  her  over  gradually 
from  Dry  &  Freshening  to  Exchange  Dairy,  or 
one  of  the  other  G.L.F.  production  rations. 

Feed  her  when  she’s  dry  and  she  will  pay  you 
back  with  interest  during  her  next  lactation. 


Cooperative  G.L.F.  Exchange,  Inc... 


KEEP  APPLES  This  year,  fruit  grow¬ 
ers  are  faced  with  the 
ON  THE  TREE  problem  of  how  to 
harvest  the  crop  with 
a  very  limited  labor  supply.  A  partial 
answer  lies  in  the  use  of  the  harvest  or 
hormone  sprays. 

These  harvest  sprays — Fruitone  is  one 
and  Stafast  is  another — are  used  to  wet 
the  stem  of  the  apple  and  the  surrounding 
area  shortly  before  the  apples  are  ready 
to  drop.  The  action  of  the  spray  keeps  the 
cells  between  the  stem  and  the  fruit  spur 
from  drying  up,  and  so  the  apple  stays  on 
the  tree  from  a  week  to  two  weeks  longer, 
stretching  out  the  picking  season. 

*  *  * 


POULTRY  MASH  poultryman 

who  has  home- 
GROWN  AT  HOME  grown  grain  can 

get  a  better  price 
for  it  from  his  own  hens  than  from  any 
grain  buyer.  Two  parts  of  home-grown 
grains,  ground  and  mixed  with  one  part 
of  G.L.F.  Mixing  Mash,  makes  an  ex¬ 
cellent  laying  mash. 

Here  are  several  combinations  of  grains 
that  can  be  used.  Mix  700  pounds  of 
G.L.F.  Mixing  Mash  with: 

400  oats,  500  corn,  400  wheat 
or  400  oats  and  barley,  500  corn,  400  wheat 
or  500  barley,  400  corn,  400  wheat. 

The  corn  is  important  because  it  sup¬ 
plies  Vitamin  A.  In  place  of  the  400  of 
oats  in  the  first  mixture,  you  can  use: 

200  oats,  200  buckwheat 
or  100  oats,  300  buckwheat 
or  200  barley,  200  buckwheat 

Government  Wheat.  An  exception  to  the 
idea  of  feeding  all  your  grain  might  be 
made  if  you  have  wheat  of  good  enough 
quality  to  store  under  the  government 
loan.  In  that  case,  you  would  be  money 
ahead  to  take  the  loan  and  buy  CCC 
wheat  at  the  special  price. 


G.L.F.  FARM 

RADIO 

SERVICE 


Daily  Newscasts  W  H  C  U  Ithaca 
Dial  870 

Bert  Hughes  reports  the  news  of  the 
world  with  timely  farm  bulletins 
and  market  reports.  Every  day, 
Monday  through  Friday,  7 :00  A.M., 
7:50  A.M.,  12  Noon,  6:00  P.M. 
Saturday  7:00,  7:50,  and  Noon. 

Farm  &  Home  News  WKBW  Buffalo 

Dial  1580 

— I _ 

Roland  Foley  reports  on  livestock, 
egg,  poultry,  and  produce  markets, 
agricultural  happenings,  farm  meet¬ 
ings,  and  other  pews  of  farm  and 
home.  Every  morning  at  7:00, 
Monday  through  Friday. 

The  Farm  Front  Today — 

on  Eight  Stations 

Bert  Hughes  in  a  weekly  analysis 
of  the  news  as  it  affects  farmers. 
Every  Monday  on  these  Stations: 


Watertown 

WATN 

12:05  P.M. 

Rochester 

WHAM 

7:12  A.M. 

Syracuse 

WSYR 

12:35  P.M;  £ 

Troy 

WTltY 

12:15  P.M. 

Bridgeton 

WSNJ 

12:30  P.M. 

Newburgh 

WGNY 

1:05  P.M, 

Scranton 

WGBI 

7:00  A.M. 

Buffalo 

WBEN 

12:50  P.M. 

Ithaca* 

N.Y. 

American  Agriculturist,  August  29,  1942 


3  (469) 


AVOID  DEBT 


This  is  no  time  to  shoulder  a  heavy 
burden  of  debt.  After  the  war  is  won, 
prices  may  drop,  making  it  doubly 
difficult  to  repay  debts.  If  you  doubt 
it,  ask  some  man  who  went  into  debt 
back  in  1928  and  tried  to  pay  up  in  the 
years  that  followed.  We  need  food, 
but  let’s  try  to  produce  it  on  the  farms 
we  have,  rather  than  by  increasing  the 
size  of  the  farms  on  borrowed  money. 

Farmers  are  buying  war  bonds  and 
war  stamps.  There  are  mighty  few 
farms  on  which  available  cash  cannot 
be  used  to  increase  efficiency,  but  we 
are  in  a  war  and  everyone,  according 
to  his  ability,  can  buy  stamps  or  bonds. 
*  *  * 

FERTILIZERS 

Commercial  fertilizers,  particularly 
those  containing  nitrogen,  will  be 
scarcer.  That  calls  for  planning,  too. 
No  nitrogen  is  to  be  allowed  on  fall 
grains,  and  doubtless  the  same  will  ap¬ 
ply  to  spring  grains.  Some  nitrogen 
can  be  saved  by  extra  good  care  of 
farm  manure.  The  growing  of  cover 
crops,  especially  legumes,  will  also  help. 
What  fertilizer  is  available  will  give 
maximum  returns  when  put  on  the  best 
rather  than  the  poorest  ground. 

*  *  * 

feed 

The  railroads  have  done  an  outstand¬ 
ing  transportation  job,  but  demands  on 
them  will  be  heavier  this  fall.  There¬ 
fore,  it  is  just  good  common  sense  to 
carry  a  heavier  than  normal  supply  of 
feed.  Owners  of  farm  trucks  are  be¬ 
ing  organized  to  jump  into  the  breach 
should  there  be  a  breakdown  in  trans¬ 
portation  facilities. 

Plan  to  feed  some  of  that  125,000,000 
bushels  of  feed  wheat  that  has  been 
released  by  the  government.  Skimpy 
feeding  never  paid,  but  dairymen  can 
save  some  feed  by  feeding  individual 
animals  according  to  production. 

Get  your  spring  supply  of  grass  seed 
^rly.  We  plan  to  give  you  more  defin¬ 
ite  information  as  to  the  supply  of 
Various  grass  seeds  as  soon  as  it  is 
available. 

*  *  * 

CHANGES 

Conversion  of  industry  to  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  munitions  is  having  a  far- 
reaching  effect.  To  make  sugar  allot¬ 
ments  stretch,  housewives  are  buying 
more  baked  goods.  Families  staying  at 
uome  to  save  tires  and  gasoline  furnish 
bonanza  market  for  makers  of  home 
recreation  equipment.  Tire  stores  that 
stay  in  business  are  branching  out  and 
handling  other  items.  Continual  drain 


ber  plants  and  substitutes  may  cause 
permanent  loss  of  U.  S.  rubber  market 
for  the  East  Indies. 

*  *  * 

COSTS 

L.  C.  Cunningham  of  the  New  York 
State  College  of  Agriculture  reports 
that  about  the  first  of  July  milk  pro¬ 
duction  costs  were  23%  above  a  year 
ago  and  highest  for  the  season  since 
1929.  Compared  to  a  year  ago,  the 
price  of  dairy  ration  is  up  about  $8  a 
ton  ( 24% ) .  Hired  men  ( if  you  can  get 
’em)  receive  35%  more  than  last  year. 
Building  material  is  up  about  13%,  and 
farm  machinery  prices  are  up  about 
5%.  To  grow  crops,  farmers  paid 
about  50%  higher  prices  for  timothy 
seed,  47%  for  red  •  clover,  and  20% 
more  for  superphosphate.  Price  ceil¬ 


ings  do  not  yet  prevent  increases  of 
more  than  half  the  total  costs  in  dairy 
farming. 

*  *  * 

STEEL  FOR  HENS 

Some  fear  is  expressed  that  use  of 
steel  for  the  manufacture  of  poultry 
equipment  will  be  shut  off  entirely  for 
the  duration  of  the  war.  Much  poultry 
equipment,  such  as  feeders  and  nests, 
are  being  made  of  wood,  but  that 
won’t  handle  the  situation  entirely. 

Manufacturers  have  expressed  the 
hope  that  steel  allotted  to  them  might 
be  allotted  on  the  percentage  basis 
rather  than  on  the  number  of  units 
manufactured.  They  figure  that,  in 
this  way,  Yankee  ingenuity  will  make 
metal  go  farther  and  produce  more 
equipment  per  unit  of  steel. 


PLANNING  was  never  more  impor¬ 
tant  on  a  farm  than  it  is  right 
now.  First,  there  is  the  question  of 
farm  help.  There  is  no  certainty  that 
it  will  be  possible  to  get  continued  de¬ 
ferment  of  unmarried  hired  men,  and 
some  married  men  are  already  being 
taken  into  the  Army. 

If  you  are  going  to  need  help,  give 
that  information  to  your  nearest  U.  S. 
Employment  Office.  There  are  two 
reasons  for  this.  You  may  get  help, 
and  the  attitude  of  Selective  Service 
officials  on  deferment  of  men  in  any 
industry  is  affected  by  the  shortage  of 
men  in  that  industry.  If  U.  S.  Em¬ 
ployment  Offices  report  no  calls  for  help, 
the  logical  conclusion  is  that  plenty 
of  help  is  available. 


of  men  into  defense  work  and  armed 
forces  is  causing  steady  decline  in  the 
manufacture  of  many  luxuries  and 
semi-necessities.  Search  for  new  sources 
of  critical  materials  will  build  trade  be¬ 
tween  the  Americas  which  will  last  af¬ 
ter  the  war.  Production  of  natural  rub- 


#  Nothing,  of  course,  will  replace  worn  off  rubber  except  retreading. 
But  if  you  can  extend  the  life  of  the  rubber  on  your  present  tires, 
you’ve  got  something  of  vital  importance  in  our  present  emergency. 

That  is  what  Esso  Dealers  are  now  able  to  do! 

This.new  service  helps  you  get  the  last  ounce  of  wear  out  of  every 
tire  on  your  car.  In  many  cases  it  will  extend  the  useful  life  of  those 
tires  by  thousands  of  extra  miles— keep  your  car  running  far  longer 
than  you  have  thought  possible,  even  with  the  best  of  care. 

It  is  simple  and  inexpensive.  Every  car  owner  can  afford  it.  In  fact, 
we  believe  no  car  owner  today  can  afford  to  be  without  it. 

In  view  of  the  vital  need  of  keeping  America’s  cars  running  in  spite 
of  the  acute  tire  situation,  we  have  tried  to  make  this  service  avail¬ 
able  through  Esso  Dealers  as  fast  as  possible.  Thousands  are  already 
equipped  and  trained.  Your  own  dealer  is  probably  among  them.  Ask 
him  to  show  you  the  new  Tire  Life  Indicator.  Find  out  how  much 
extra  mileage  you  can  get  with  this  remarkable  new  method.  Give 
your  tires  a  new  lease  on  life ! 

COLONIAL  BEACON  OIL  COMPANY 

Jpt  j  «t>  s  !>"$'  *  V?  :  m  '-4*  '  I  *\'i 


YOU  *  *  YOU  R  FARM  ... 


care 

saves 

wear 


■  Copr,  1912,  Esso  Inc. 


In  the  words  of  one 


Esso  Dealer  .  •  • 


“ Never  knew  I  could 
be  so  helpful  to  my 
customers  before. 
This  new  method 
of  increasing  tire 
life  is  the  real 
McCoy  ...  it 
sure  works!” 


ore  extra  mileage  than  you  can 


get  by  any  other  method  short  of 

retreading ! 


(470)  4 


American  Agriculturist,  August  29,  1942 


PAO  E 


V 

Address  all  mail  for  Editorial  or  Advert!*- 
In g  departments  to  American  Agriculturist, 
Savings  Bank  Building.  Ithaca,  New  York 


IJXFAIR  ! 

ISTEN  to  almost  any  group  of  city  people 
gathered  together  now  and  you  will  hear 
the  conversation  sooner  or  later  turn  to  the 
“awful  price”  they  have  to  pay  for  food,  and  the 
“high  prices  that  farmers  are  receiving.” 

Nothing  under  the  sun  is  more  misunderstood 
than  farming,  farm  marketing,  and  the  how  and 
why  of  food  prices.  Mr.  Olcott  F.  King,  Com¬ 
missioner  of  Agriculture  for  the  State  of  Con¬ 
necticut,  said  a  few  days  ago: 

“The  average  family  today  is  paying  a  smal¬ 
ler  percentage  of  its  total  income  for  food  than 
at  any  time  in  the  past  fourteen  or  fifteen  years. 
The  cost  of  food  is  now  between  22  and  23  per 
cent  of  the  total  income.  It  can  and  perhaps 
should  go  up  to  25  per  cent.” 

Commissioner  King  then  continued  : 

“Total  farm  income  may,  and  I  think  should 
reach  the  highest  figure  in  history  this  year,  but 
increased  costs  above  anything  the  farmer  has 
ever  seen  will  hold  down  any  excessive  profit.” 

In  proof  of  Commissioner  King’s  statement, 
the  National  Grange  recently  commented  on  the 
fact  that  prices  received  by  farmers  of  the  en¬ 
tire  country  averaged  this  summer  only  151  per 
cent  of  the  1909-14  period,  while  prices  paid  by 
farmers,  including  interest  and  taxes,  stood  at 
152  per  cent  of  the  same  period,  giving  the  farm 
dollar  the  purchasing  power  of  99  cents  as  com¬ 
pared  to  what  it  was  in  1910-14. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  index  of  earnings  of 
factory  workers  in  the  United  States  in  April 
of  this  year  was  387  per  cent  of  the  1909-14  base. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  chief  reason  for  the 
cost  of  food  in  the  cities  is  the  high  wage  that 
has  to  be  paid  to  the  men  who  have  to  handle 
that  food  all  along  the  line  from  the  farmer  to 
the  consumer.  Our  city  friends  don’t  intend  to  be 
unfair  to  farmers.  In  fact,  when  they  under¬ 
stand  the  situation,  most  of  them  are  more  than 
fair.  One  of  the  big  jobs  of  farmers  and  their 
organizations  is  to  get  the  true  facts  about  food 
marketing  and  costs  across  to  consumers.  We 
have  never  done  much  along  that  line. 

SCRAP 

RODUCTION  in  our  war  effort  has  tempor¬ 
arily  slowed  down.  Why?  For  one  reason  be¬ 
cause  the  manufacturers  cannot  get  scrap 
enough  to  keep  going  at  top  speed.  We  could  lose 
the  war  just  from  this  lack  alone.  And  yet  there 
is  some  scrap  on  almost  every  place,  large  and 
small. 

Stir  up  some  local  organization — Boy  Scouts, 
4-H  Clubs,  Grange — to  start  a  one  hundred  per 
cent  scrap  collecting  campaign  in  your  neigh¬ 
borhood.  For  suggestions  on  how  to  do  it,  read 
the  article  on  Page  1. 

UNITED  WE  STAND 
DIVIDED  WE  FALL 

OR  FOURTEEN  years  the  farm  organiza¬ 
tions  of  Cayuga  County,  New  York,  includ¬ 
ing  the  Grange,  the  Farm  and  Home  Bureaus, 
the  Dairymen’s  League,  and  the  4-H  Clubs,  have 
held  their  annual  “Big  Five”  cooperative  county¬ 
wide  picnic.  It  is  a  grand  affair  for  at  least  two 
reasons : 

First,  all  of  the  farm  organizations  in  the 
county  work  together;  and  second,  one  of  the 
chief  purposes  of  the  picnic  is  to  hold  a  live¬ 
stock  show  for  the  4-H  boys  and  girls.  I  attend¬ 
ed  the  picnic  this  year,  and  it  was  a  privilege. 

Farm  problems  are  too  big  for  any  one  organ¬ 
ization  to  solve.  Some  of  them  can  be  solved 


when  all  of  the  organizations  work  together. 
That’s  what  the  Cayuga  County  folks  are  doing. 
It  makes  me  impatient  when  I  hear  a  member 
of  one  farm  organization  critical  of  another  farm 
group.  That’s  just  what  the  opponents  of  farm¬ 
ers  want — to  divide  and  conquer. 

LET’S  HAVE  SOME  BERRIES 

INCE  boyhood  days  it  has  always  been 
more  fun  for  me  to  go  berrying  than  to  fish. 
But  the  old-time  blackberry  slashings  are  most¬ 
ly  gone.  So  have  most  of  the  other  wild  berries. 
So  I  have  determined  to  start  a  real  garden 
berry  patch  of  my  own,  with  enough  berries  of 
all  kinds  for  my  son’s  family  and  my  own. 

I  mention  this  here  because  it  would  be  in¬ 
teresting  if  we  could  influence  thousands  of  you 
to  do  the  same,  and  if  through  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  we  could  trade  our  experiences.  There 
is  every  reason  why  every  farm  family  should 
have  its  small  fruits,  particularly  the  berries. 
Think  what  that  would  mean  in  improving  farm 
living  and  in  reducing  food  costs. 

A  short  time  ago  I  wrote  to  Mr.  George  L. 
Slate,  associate  in  research  at  the  New  York 
State  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  and  ask¬ 
ed  him  when  was  the  best  time  to  set  out  the 
different  berries,  and  what  were  the  best  varie¬ 
ties.  Mr.  Slate  answered  as  follows: 

“The  brambles,  currants  and  gooseberries  are  bet¬ 
ter  set  in  the  fall  than  in  the  spring.  Whenever 
possible  I  set  these  plants  in  the  fall.  Plough  or 
mound  some  soil  around  the  newly  set  plants.  The 
loose  earth  will  act  as  a  mulch  and  prevent  the 
plants  from  heaving  out  through  frost  action.  Work 
the  soil  down  level  in  the  spring. 

“Taylor  is  the  best  red  raspberry,  but  I  have  just 
named  Milton  a  berry  of  the  came  type  that  does 
not  take  mosiac  and  I  prefer  it  to  Taylor.”  (Note: 
Milton,  a  new  berry,  might  be  difficult  to  buy  at  this 
time.)  “Sodus  is  the  best  purple  and  Bristol  the 
best  black  raspberry.  Eldorado  is  the  best  black¬ 
berry.  It  is  difficult  to  get  blackberries  true  to  name. 

“Red  Lake  is  the  best  currant  and  Poorman  the 
best  gooseberry.  If  your  soil  is  acid,  or  has  no  lime 
reserve  and  can  be  made  acid  without  too  much 
trouble,  blueberries  are  very  nice  to  fill  in  the  gap 
between  raspberries  and  grapes.  Jersey  is  one  of  the 
best.  Other  new  varieties  are  Pemberton  and  Red 
Lake. 

“Fairfax  is  the  highest  quality  strawberry,  but 
Catskill  is  very  large,  a  heavy  yielder  and  of  good 
quality.  A  few  of  each  would  be  a  good  combination.” 

I  already  have  started  a  large  patch  of  both 
regular  and  everbearing  strawberries.  I  have  or¬ 
dered  red  and  black  raspberries,  blackberries, 
and  blueberries.  I’ll  set  them  this  fall  if  I  can 
get  delivery.  If  not,  I’ll  put  them  out  in  the 
spring. 

What  about  it?  Why  not  come  along  with  me? 
You  can  buy  most  of  the  plants  from  good 
nurseries. 

WHEN  ONE  COW7  MAKES  A  DAIRY 

HEN  somebody  begins  to  shoot  off  his 
mouth  about  the  inefficiency  of  farmers,  I 
think  of  the  performance  of  that  grand  old  cow, 
Carnation  Ormsby  Butter  King,  who  made  a 
world  record  production  of  milk  of  38,606 
pounds  of  milk  and  1,402  pounds  of  butterfat 
in  one  year.  Now  that  great  record  has  been 
topped  recently  by  another  cow  in  the  same 
herd  on  the  Carnation  Stock  Farms  at  Seattle, 
Washington,  called  Carnation  Ormsby  Madcap 
Fayne. 

This  cow  is  nine  years  old,  and  has  been  giv¬ 
ing  regularly  55  quarts  of  milk  per  day.  Under 
the  supervision  of  the  Washington  State  College 
and  the  Holstein  Friesian  Association  of  Ameri¬ 


ca,  she  produced  41,943.4  pounds  of  milk  with 
1,390  pounds  of  butterfat  in  a  year.  Just  stop 
for  a  moment  and  visualize  how  much  milk  and 
butterfat  that  is  from  one  cow.  A  cow  like  that 
is  a  whole  dairy  in  herself. 

We  don’t  have  to  go  back  very  far  in  history 
to  the  wild  cow,  who  gave  only  a  few  quarts  of 
milk  in  the  spring  of  the  year,  just  enough  to 
get  her  calf  going.  By  breeding,  selection  and 
care,  dairymen  with  the  help  of  the  scientists 
have  increased  the  production  of  milk  in  all 
breeds  to  astonishing  records. 

Speaking  of  efficiency,  what  other  trade  or 
business  has  made  the  progress  represented  by 
the  difference  between  the  wild  cow  with  her 
production  of  a  few  quarts  of  milk  a  year,  and 
Carnation  Ormsby  Madcap  Fayne (  known  af¬ 
fectionately  to  her  attendants  as  “Capper”)  with 
her  41,943  pounds  a  year?  Even  the  average  pro¬ 
duction  of  the  dairy  cow,  while  still  far  too  low, 
represents  efficiency  and  progress  in  the  produc¬ 
tion  of  milk. 

BETTER  POTATOES 

N  OUR  garden  this  year,  son  Don  and  I  tried 
out  two  varieties  of  potatoes  That  I  never 
grew  before.  One  of  them  is  Katahdin,  a  potato 
of  State  of  Maine  origin,  named  after  grand 
old  Mt.  Katahdin.  The  other  is  Sebago,  a  new 
and  promising  variety. 

The  yield  under  garden  conditions  both  of 
Katahdin  and  Sebago  is  excellent.  Both  po¬ 
tatoes  are  of  fine  eating  quality,  better,  in  my 
opinion,  than  any  of  the  older  varieties. 

Varieties  of  potatoes  have  been  changing  re¬ 
cently  in  the  Northeast,  and  these  newer  var¬ 
ieties  such  as  Katahdin,  Chippewa,  and  now 
possibly  Sebago,  are  rapidly  replacing  such 
strains  as  Green  Mountain  and  the  Cobblers. 
The  Russet  Rural,  long  popular,  is  going  out 
of  production  in  upstate  New  York. 

NOTICE 

N  THIS  page  in  our  last  issue  we  announc¬ 
ed  a  letter  contest  entitled  “War  Changes 
We  have  Made.”  We  stated  that  we  want  to 
publish  letters  in  this  contest  in  the  American 
Agriculturist  great  Victory  Harvest  Issue  to  be 
issued  on  September  26. 

We  have  found  it  necessary  to  advance  the 
date  of  this  Victory  Harvest  Issue  from  Sep¬ 
tember  26  to  September  12.  Therefore,  in  order 
to  get  the  letters  in  this  contest  into  the  Victory 
Harvest  Issue  they  will  have  to  be  in  this  office 
by  September  1st,  instead  of  September  12. 

That  means,  write  your  letter  now  and  send 
it  in  immediately.  Address  it  to  E.  R.  Eastman, 
Editor,  American  Agriculturist,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

EASTMAN’S  CHESTNUT 

N  EXAMINING  physician  of  a  psychiatric 
hospital  was  testing  the  mental  capacity 
of  an  incoming  patient  by  means  of  a  few  ques¬ 
tions. 

“Now,  my  good  man,  what  would  happen  to 
you  if  I  cut  off  one  of  your  ears?” 

The  patient  replied  quite  sanely:  “I  couldnt 
hear  so  well.” 

Doctor  (agreeably  surprised)  :  “And  what  if 
I  cut  off  both  your  ears?”' 

Patient:  “I  couldn’t  see.” 

Doctor  (indulgently) :  “And  why,  my  good 
man,  would  you  not  be  able  to  see?” 

Patient:  “Well,  you  see,  Doc,  if  you  cut  off 
both  my  ears  my  hat  would  fall  down  over  my 
eyes.” 


circulation  manager;  V.  E.  Grover,  subscription  manager.  Subscription  price  payable  in  advance.  $.50  a  year  tn  me  u.  a. 


) 


5  ( 471) 


American  Agriculturist,  August  29,  1942 


THE  YOUNG  SPECULATOR 

By  F.  H.  HILLMAN 

(Second  Prize  Winner) 

ONE  AFTERNOON  when  I  was 
about  9  years  old,  father  told 
me  that  I  could  go  to  visit  a 
neighbor’s  boy  about  my  age. 
When  I  arrived  at  the  neighbor’s  farm, 
I  found  the  boy’s  father,  assisted  by 
his  hired  help,  sorting  out  the  lambs 
from  the  sheep.  These  were  Merino 
f  sheep,  full  of  wrinkles,  and  producing 
a  fine  grade  of  wool.  Nine  little  puny 
lambs  were  taken  away  from  the  sheep 
and  placed  in  a  pen  by  themselves. 

After  a  little  while,  the  boy’s  father 
said  to  me  that  he  had  a  proposition 
to  offer  me.  He  proposed  to  sell  me  the 
nine  little  ewe  lambs  for  $5.00.  For¬ 
tunately  for  me,  I  had  the  $5.00  in  my 
purse,  which  I  handed  to  him  for  the 
nine  little  lambs.  He  exhibited  surprise 
at  seeing  the  $5.00.  He  took  the  money 
and  said  that  it  was  a  deal.  Then  he 
handed  me  back  $2.50  and  laughed,  say¬ 
ing  that  inasmuch  as  I  had  the  ready 
cash,  the  lambs  were  mine  for  $2.50. 
(In  after  years,  that  little  transaction 
proved  to  me  that  available  ready  cash 
would  often  secure  a  bargain  which 
otherwise  could  not  be  obtained.)  This 
was  my  first  purchase  of  livestock. 

My  boy  friend  assisted  me  to  drive 
the  nine  little  lambs  home.  On  the  way 
passing  a  farmer’s  place,  the  farmer 
came  out  and  remarked,  “What  are  you 
going  to  do  with  those  little  chickens?” 
That  remark  did  not  sound  good  to  me 
inasmuch  as  the  flock  looked  big  to  me. 
Father  encouraged  me  to  feed  and 
make  large  sheep  of  those  nine  lambs, 
and  they  were  always  in  my  care  until 
I  sold  them  at  a  good  profit.  (I  obtain¬ 
ed  the  aforesaid  $5.00  by  raising  vege¬ 
tables  on  a  piece  of  land  Father  gave 
me  for  that  purpose.) 


to  get  those  sixty  sheep  before  some¬ 
one  else  could  secure  them  that  I  un¬ 
hitched  the  team  and  drove  to  the 
barn,  put  them  in  the  stalls  and  gave 
them  some  hay.  I  wore  only  overalls 
and  a  jumper.  I  did  not  go  in  the  house 
to  inform  Mother.  Father  owed  me 
some  money,  and  I  intended  to  find  him, 
and  demand  the  money.  Consequently, 
I  hitched  up  old  Major  to  a  gig  and 
started  out.  I  drove  to  town,  hitched 
Major  to  a  post  and  looked  around  but 
did  not  find  Father. 

I  went  in  the  Post  Office  thinking 
that  he  might  be  there  for  the  mail. 
(No  Rural  Delivery  at  that  time.)  The 
President  of  the  bank  was  there  get¬ 
ting  his  mail.  This  man  was  a  person 
well  known  and  highly  respected,  hon¬ 
orable  in  all  transactions.  I  had  always 
known  this  gentleman  and  I  asked  him 
if  he  had  sfeen  Father.  He  replied  that 
he  hadn’t  and  asked  me  what  I  wanted 
of  him.  I  told  him  that  Father  owed 
me  some  money  and  I  wanted  it  to 
purchase  some  grade  sheep  that  Uncle 
Daniel  had  informed  me  about  the  pre¬ 
vious  Saturday.  I  told  him  that  Uncle 
Daniel  said  that  a  real  bargain  was  to 
be  obtained  and  I  was  on  my  way  if  I 
had  the  cash.  This  splendid  gentleman 
grinned  and  said,  “My  little  boy,  come 
with  me,  I  think  we  can  get  the 
money,”  and  taking  me  by  the  hand,  we 
went  in  the  bank. 

Walking  up  to  the  cashier’s  cage,  this 
generous  man  told  the  cashier  that  here 
was  a  young  speculator  who  wanted  a 
loan  to  buy  sheep.  He  asked  me  how 
many  sheep,  and  I  replied  sixty.  He 
said  five  times  six  is  thirty,  you  need 
$300.00.  What  denominations  do  you 
prefer?  he  asked.  I  answered  that  I 
was  not  particular.  He  told  the  cashier 
to  give  me  fives  and  tens.  He  handed 
me  the  three  hundred  dollars  smiling¬ 
ly  and  said,  “Hustle  my  little  man  now, 


and  get  the  sheep  and  the  bargain.”  I 
asked  him  if  I  should  give  a  note.  He 
told  me  to  come  in  some  day  and  do  so. 
This  man  *Svas  a  “horse  and  buggy 
days”  man,  and  he  lived  and  died  hon¬ 
ored  in  the  horse  and  buggy  days.  (This 
incident  shows  the  vast  difference  be¬ 
tween  men  today.  I  subsequently  paid 
back  the  $300.00.) 

I  put  the  $300.00  in  my  overalls 
pocket  and  pinned  up  the  pocket.  I  was 
so  excited  that  I  could  hardly  wait.  I 
unhitched  Major  from  the  post,  flour¬ 
ished  the  whip,  and  started.  When  I 
arrived  at  my  destination,  I  hitched 
Major  to  the  barnyard  fence.  Going  in 
the  yard  I  found  the  brothers  looking 
over  the  sheep. 

I  said,  “Sirs,  do  you  want  to  sell 
those  sheep?” 

They  gave  me  one  look  and  made  no 
reply.  I  spoke  up  again  and  asked  if 
the  sheep  were  for  sale.  They  did  not 
pay  any  attention  to  me.  Then  I  showed 
them  the  money.  The  brothers  came  to- 
wards  me  immediately  and  said, 
“Whose  kid  are  you,  anyway?”  I  told 
them  whose  boy  I  was  and  what  Uncle 
Daniel  had  told  me.  They  replied  that 
they  knew  father  and  Uncle  Daniel. 
We  then  proceeded  to  make  the  deal, 
apd  the  price  was  $5.00  each  for  the 
sixty  sheep.  I  presuaded  them  to  throw 
in  twenty-  two  lambs  extra  in  the  deal. 
They  assisted  me  to  start  the  sheep  on 
the  road  for  home,  saying,  “Well,  my 
little  boy,  we  wish  you  good  luck.” 

On  the  ro’ad  home  I  passed  a  field 
where  there  were  some  fine  wool  bucks 
at  pasture.  These  were  old  bucks  and 
had  long  horns.  One  buck  came  up  to 
the  bars  and  saw  my  sheep.  He  pushed 
the  bars  wide  enough  to  come  through 
and  ran  after  the  sheep.  I  ran  and 
caught  him,  and  with  all  the  strength 
I  could  muster  brought  him  back  and 
started  again  with  my  sheep.  In  a  few 
moments,  back  he  came.  Again  I  forc¬ 
ed  him  back,  and  fixed  the  bars.  That 
kept  him  in  the  field.  I  then  started 
again. 

It  was  beginning  to  get  dark,  and 
after  a  short  time  a  very  severe  thund¬ 
er  shower  appeared.  The  lightning  and 
thunder  were  terrific.  The  rain  fell  in 
torrents.  I  could  see  the  sheep  only 
when  the  lightning  came.  They  were 
huddled  together  in  the  middle  of  the 
road.  After  a  time  I  came  to  a  four 
comers  where  there  was  a  kerosene 
lamp  on  a  high  post.  Nearby,  I  observ¬ 
ed  a  yard  and  a  shed.  I  could  scarcely 


When  I  was  twelve  years  of  age  I 
had  another  experience  which  I  will 
never  forget.  My  Uncle  Daniel,  Moth¬ 
er’s  brother,  was  a  large  dealer  in  all 
kinds  of  ‘farm  stock  and  a  man  very 
much  respected.  He  generally  shipped 
two  or  three  carloads  each  week  to  the 
cities.  One  Saturday  afternoon  in  Au¬ 
gust,  Uncle  Daniel  and  Aunt  Betsy 
came  to  visit  us.  Uncle  Daniel,  at  that 
time,  was  an  elderly  man.  He  asked  me 
how  I  was  making  out  wi£h  my  sheep 
enterprise,  and  said  he  knew  where 
there  was  a  nice  lot  of  large  grade 
sheep.  (A  grade  sheep  was  a  cross  be¬ 
tween  a  coarse  and  a  fine  wool  sheep.  ) 
He  said  that  he  had  already  contract¬ 
ed  for  all  he  could  handle  at  present, 
and  that  the  owners  of  these  sheep 
were  two  brothers,  old  bachelors,  re¬ 
siding  on  a  farm  about  15  miles  from 
our  place,  and  that  they  needed  money 
badly.  Therefore,  I  could  obtain  a  real 
bargain,  providing  that  I  had  the  cash 
to  make  the  purchase.  He  advised  me 
to  make  the  deal  without  delay,  or  I 
Would  lose  a  good  opportunity. 

On  the  following  Monday  morning, 
Father  gave  me  orders  to  start  harrow¬ 
ing  a  twelve  acre  field,  preparing  it  for 
rye.  Two  horses  were  hitched  to  a 
spring  toothed  harrow.  Father  said  he 
was  going  to  town  with  the  grist  and 
that  he  would  be  home  about  noon. 
Well,  I  harrowed  until  nearly  eleven 
o’clock,  and  during  that  time  kept 
thinking  about  the  bargain  that  Uncle 
Daniel  had  told  me.  I  could  not  stand 
the  pressure  any  longer.  I  was  so  eager 


KNOW  now  how  it  feels 
to  be  a  big  industrialist, 
by  gee,  and  have  the  work¬ 
men  all  walk  out  and  not  do 
anything  but  pout.  Mirandy’s 
been  out  on  a  strike,  she  just 
declared  she  did  not  like  to 
go  outside  and  work  all  day 
at  milkin’  cows  and  pitchin’ 
hay  and  then  come  in  and 
work  some  more  to  wash  the 
dishes  and  the  floor.  When 
I  tried  to  negotiate,  explain¬ 
in’  that  we  all,  of  late,  were 
forced  to  wrork  till  late  at 
night  in  order  that  the  boys 
could  fight,  she  had  the  nerve 
to  ask  me  why  I  found  it 
possible  to  lie  -out  on  the 
porch  or  ’neath  a  tree  while 
she  did  all  the  work  of  three. 

So  I  was  forced  to  com¬ 
promise,  now  I  stay  in  and 
bake  the  pies,  I  beat  the  rugs 
and  can  the  beans,  I  scrub 
the  floor  and  mend  the  jeans, 
while  outside  in  the  glaring 
sun,  Mirandy  gets  the  field 
work  done.  She  thought  that 
she  was  being  smart  when 
she  got  me  to  do  her  part 
while  she  did  mine,  but  I  submit  that  I  have  got  the  best  of  it.  Of  course, 
my  cake  is  not  so  hot,  somehow  I  never  have  quite  the  proper  touch  on 
apple  pie  and  I  will  never  even  try  to  darn  a  sock  or  drop  a  stitch,  at 
keepin’  hens  I’ll  ne’er  get  rich.  But  I  can  last  as  long  as  she,  I’ll  eat  my 
bread  if  it  kills  me,  and  she  had  better  not  complain  or  I  will  laugh  about 
her  grain.  But  still  I  hope  and  pray,  by  gee,  that  soon  she  will  trade 
back  with  me. 


The  Amateur  Poet’s 
Corner 


Because  of  the  number  of  contributions 
we  do  not  return  ppems  not  published. 
Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

The  limit  in  length  is  sixteen  (16)  lines 
and  each  poem  submitted  for  this  corner 
must  be  original  and  the  work  of  an 
amateur  poet.  Therefore,  when  sending 
in  a  poem,  be-  sure  to  state  whether  you 
are  the  author  of  it.  $2.00  will  be  paid 
for  each  one  printed.  Check  will  be  mail¬ 
ed  on  or  about  the  first  day  of  month 
following  publication.  / 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist,  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

HEAVENWARD 

So  many  things  point  heavenward 
As  if  to  reach  for  God; 

Familiar  things  like  blades  of  grass 
That  push  up  through  the  sod. 

The  chimney  tops  and  peaked  roofs, 
The  proud  and  slim  church  spires, 

The  pointed  ends  of  picket  fence 
And  smoke  from  sheltering  fires. 

Each  tree  and  shrub  and  spike  of  grain, 
And  every  soaring  bird; 

So  many  things  upon  this  earth 
Are  pointed  heavenward. 

— Eunice  Morcombe  Lambert, 
Burlington,  Vermont. 


see  enough  to  enable  me,  after  a  few 
moments,  to  drive  the  sheep  into  the 
yard  and  to  lead  Major  under  the  shed. 
The  good  old  horse  followed  me  all  the 
way  without  any  trouble  whatsoever. 
He  seemed  to  sense  my  predicament. 

I  was  drenched  to  the  hide.  After 
resting  under  the  shed  a  little  spell,  I 
began  to  consider  my  position.  I  was 
so  nerved  up  with  the  day’s  events  that 
I  never  thought  of  food.  I  pondered 
over  my  situation  and  thought  what  if 
father  declined  to  let  me  keep  the 
sheep.  Taking  things  all  together,  I  was 
nervous  and  worried.  I  considered  that 
Father  had  a  two-acre  lot  near  the 
barn,  used  to  turn  the  calves  in  to  feed 
them  milk  in  some  troughs  prepared 
for  that  purpose.  I  figured  that  if  he 
was  peeved,  I  would  acknowledge  my 
disobedience  and  try  to  pacify  him. 

Sometime  after  midnight,  the  show¬ 
er  abated,  the  stars  came  out,  and  the 
moon  was  bright.  Everything  was  still, 
serene,  and  beautiful.  About  four 
o’clock  in  the  morning  I  arrived  home 
and  found  Father  milking  after  I  had 
driven  the  sheep  into  the  barnyard  and 
put  old  Major  into  the  barn  and  fed 
him  some  hay.  Father  greeted  me  not 
pleasantly  and  remarked  that  I  was  a 
smart  aleck  and  wanted  to  know  where 
I  had  got  the  sheep  and  money  to  buy 
them.  I  told  him  and  cried,  and  asked 
him  to  forgive  me.  He  said,  “You  have 
caused  Mother  and  me  trouble  enough. 
Go  in  the  house.” 

I  found  Mother  in  tears.  She  gave 
me  some  dry  clothes  and  hot  coffee 
and  sent  me  to  bed.  She  said  that 
Father  and  she  were  worried  most  to 
death  during  the  night  and  wondered 
where  I  could  be  during  that  awful 
thunder  shower.  That  I  had  disappear¬ 
ed  with  Major  and  the  gig  and  no  one 
seemed  to  know  where  I  was.  As  I  an¬ 
ticipated,  Father  and  Mother  soon  .be¬ 
came  reconciled.  I  kept  those  sheep 
over  a  year.  I  bred  them,  and  the  wool 
and  lambs  yielded  me  a  \£ery  fair  profit. 

— a.  a. — 

THE  FLAG! 

The  appearance  %of  the  American 
Flag  on  the  covers  of  nearly  all  the 
magazines  was  a  striking  thing,  and 
anyone  traveling  around  the  country 
couldn’t  help  but  notice  it.  We,  of 
course,  noticed  it  on  the  magazines 
coming  into  the  office  and  at  home. 
Thanks  very  much  for  sending  me  the 
reprint  on  heavy  cardboard.  I  have  it 
at  the  house,  and  think  I  shall  put  it 
up  in  one  of  the  windows  or  in  my 
study. — C.  E.  L.,  New  York. 


(472)  6 


American  Agriculturist,  August  29,  1942 


THE  CABBAGE  OUTLOOK 

Growers  Suggest  Action  to  Move  Crop 


independent  retail  stores.  In  the  past, 
efforts  such  as  this  have  proved  ef¬ 
fective  in  increasing  consumption. 

Price  ceilings  came  in  for  a  fair 
share  of  discussion.  There  was  a 
definite  feeling  that  kraut  packers 


CABBAGE  growers  are  having 
their  troubles  this  year,  and 
these  troubles  were  given  a  good 
airing  at  Geneva,  New  York,  on 
the  evening  of  August  12.  About  fifty 
growers  from  important  western  New 
York  cabbage-growing  counties  attend¬ 
ed.  Richard  Fricke,  Assistant  County 
Agent  Leader,  acted  as  chairman; 
Maurice  Bond  of  the  Department  of 
Farm  Management  at  the  State  College 
discussed  production  figures  and  price 
ceilings;  and  Bill  Meal  of  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  at  Washington 
answered  a  barrage  of  questions. 

One  factor  that  looms  large  in  the 
cabbage  deal  this  year  is  the  lack  of 
tin  cans  for  kraut.  Some  tin  has  been 
allocated  for  kraut  for  the  army,  but 
no  cans  will  be  available  for  this  year’s 
crop  for  civilian  use.  It  was  suggested 
and  agreed  that  the  situation  would 
be  called  to  the  attention  of  the  Quar¬ 
termaster  General  with  the  hope  that 


the  Army  might  use  more  fresh  cab-  months.  In  this  way,  canned  kraut  have  used  pnce  cedmgs  as  aa  argu' 
J  °  ment  to  convince  farmers  that  low 


bage  and  kraut  and  possibly  buy  some 
kraut  in  barrels  instead  of  in  cans. 

Barrels  for  Kraut 

Kraut  manufacturers  have  shown 
little  enthusiasm  about  packing  kraut 
in  barrels.  Undoubtedly  there  are 
some  problems,  both  in  packing  and 
distributing;  but  Maurice  Bond  and 
Bruce  Jones  (a  grower  at  Hall,  New 
York)  had  talked  with  grocery  store 
operators  and  reported  a  general 
agreement  that  kraut  could  be  sold 
from  barrels  with  little  loss  during  the 
winter  months.  The  growers  framed  a 
resolution  to  send  to  Secretary  Wick- 
ard,  suggesting  that,  as  a  means  of  en¬ 
couraging  the  greater  use  of  bulk 


could  be  conserved  for  sale  in  the  sum¬ 


mer  when  bulk  handling  is  less  prac-  prices  for  cabbage  for  kraut  are  in  or- 


ticable. 

Production  figures  as  given  by 
Maurice  Bond  indicate  some  acreage 
increase  in  Danish  cabbage  in  New 
York  State.  However,  growers  in  most 
areas  disagreed  and  indicated  a  de- 


der.  Some  fear  was  expressed  that 
acreage  might  be  greatly  reduced  next 
year,  and  a  suggestion  was  made  that 
growers  should  have  more  information 
about  price  ceilings  on  farm  products 
at  wholesale  and  retail  levels  in  order 
that  they  can  better  judge  whether  or 
not  buyers  are  paying  the  full  price 
they  can  afford  to  offer. 


Price  Ceilings 

While  there  is  no  ceiling  on  the  price 
a  canner  can  pay  to  a  grower,  it  is 
obvious  that  canners  must  buy  at  a 
price  that  will  keep  them  out  of  the 
red.  The  situation  is  complicated  by 
the  fact  that  each  canner  and  each 


on  shelves  (not  sold)  during  winter 


Saving  Vegetable 

Paul  'k/o.’Ui 


fey 


Paul  Work 


UES'rSONS  often  arise  at  this 
time  of  year  about  undertak¬ 
ing  to  save  seed  from  home 
gardens  for  use  next  year. 
This  question  is  coming  up  even  more 
frequently  because  of  the  changes  that 
have  taken  place  in  the  seed  situation 
under  war  time  conditions. 

There  is  no  indication  thus  far  that 
there  are  likely  to  be  serious  shortages 

of  seed  next  year. 

The  production 
of  seed  is  a  highly 
specialized  and 
technical  business. 
This  does  not  mean 
that  people  who 
want  to  save  seed 
from  their  gardens 
#iay  not  do  so,  but 
it  will  be  well  not 
to  expect  too  much. 
For  one  thing  our 
northeastern  clim¬ 
ate  is  favorable 
for  a  good  many 
diseases,  some  of 
which  are  seed- 
borne;  this  is  par¬ 
ticularly  true  of 
beans.'  Varieties  of  some  kinds  of  seed 
cross  fairly  freely.  This  goes  for  all 
of  the  vine  crops  and  of  course  it  is 
not  advisable  to  try  to  save  seed  of 
the  hybrid  sweet  corn.  A  good  many 
other  seeds  are  biennials  and  roots  or 
plants  have  to  be  carried  over  winter; 
this  is  a  good  deal  of  trouble.  Let¬ 
tuce  and  spinach  seed  may  be  saved 
fairly  nicely,  provided  only  one  variety 
is  in  blossom  at  the  same  time.  Neith¬ 
er  is  it  difficult  to  save  seed  of  toma¬ 
toes,  eggplant,  and  peppers  which  are 
largely  self  pollinating.  The  same  thing 
holds  for  the  vine  crops  provided  cross 
pollination  has  not  occurred. 

It  must  also  be  remembered  that 
continued  effort  is  necessary,  not  only 
to  accomplish  improvement  of  varie¬ 
ties,  but  to  keep  them  up  to  par.  With 
all  these  things  in  mind  if  a  person 
has  a  special  variety  that  they  want 
to  maintain,  or  if  they  want  to  do  a 
bit  of  selection  and  breeding  as  a 
hobby  there  is  not  a  thing  to  hinder. 


Garden  Gossip 

We  had  a  Honey  Cream  watermelon 

from  our  garden  in  July,  and  others 


crease.  In  some  counties,  particularly 
along  Lake  Ontario,  too  much  rain  cut 
down  the  stand.  There  was  general 
agreement,  too,  that  cabbage  butter¬ 
flies  have  been  far  more  numerous 
than  usual  and  a  belief  that  unfavor¬ 
able  market  prospects  might  cut  down 
the  amount  of  dusting  to  control  them. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  weather  has 

been  remarkably  favorable.  Some  Do-  _  _  _  _ 

kraut,  a  campaign  be  put  on  to  give  mestie  cabbage  is  ready  for  market,  retailer  may  have  a  different  ceiling 
the  facts  to  housewives.  It  was  sug-  kUf-  outiets  seem  to  be  lacking.  The  price  for  each  grade,  brand  and  size, 
gested,  too,  that  available  supplies  of  L0ng  Island  crop  has  been  good,  truck  Ceilings  at  which  canners  and  re¬ 
kraut  in  tin  cans  might  be  “frozen  buyers  are  less  numerous  than  usual,  tailers  can  sell  are  based  on  sales  made 

and  returns  to  western  New  York  last  March.  For  the  coming  year,  can- 
growers  are  discouraging  when  cab-  ■  ners  figure  ceiling  prices  by  taking  last 
bage  is  put  on  the  New  York  or  Phila-  year’s  figures,  adding  8%  to  cover  in- 
delphia  market  in  competition  with  creased  costs,  and  then  adding  the 
supplies  from  Long  Island  and  New  actual  increase  in  prices  paid  growers 
Jersey.  One  grower  reported  a  widen-  this  year  as  compared  to  last.  That  will 
ing  of  the  spread  between  wholesale  give  them  the  price  which  they  will  be 
and  retail  prices.  Retailers  may  be  allowed  to  charge  for  the  1942  pack, 
trying  to  balance  low  profits  on  items  it  was  suggested  that  price  ceilings 
where  their  margin  has  been  squeezed  might  be  established  to  the  grower  or 
by  price  ceilings.  that  government  price  supporting  pro¬ 

grams,  such  as  those  established  by 
Telling  Consumers  the  Department  of  Agriculture  for  to- 

A  request  will  be  directed  to  the  matoes  and  peas,  be  extended  to  cab- 
Secretary  of  Agriculture  to  make  cab-  bage  and  other  crops. 

The  whole  cabbage  situation  is 


Seeds 


SUPERPHOSPHATE  FOR  GRASS 


are  coming  on.  Plants  for  early 
melons  can  easily  be  started  in  the 
kitchen  window,  hotbeds,  or  green¬ 
house,  using  nothing  more  complicated 
than  a  berry  basket. 

The  Scotia  beans  have  made  a  vig-  bage  a  “Victory  Special”  for  a  period 
orous  growth,  as  has  almost  every-  beginning  about  the  first  of  Septem-  critical.  While  the  acreage  of  Danish 
thing  else,  and  there’s  a  tremendous  ber.  Victory  Specials,  as  you  may  cabbage  is  down,  the  amount  of  kraut 
set  of  beans.  It  seems  to  us  that  this  know,  are  products  where  the  sup-  which  will  be  bought  for  the  Army  in 
is  one  of  the  finest  quality  beans  that  ply  is  unusually  heavy  and  which  are  tins  will  use  only  a  fraction  of  the 
we  have.  It  is  very  tender  and  yet  so  designated  by  the  Department  of  crop;  and  any  effort  that  will  increase 
meaty  and  substantial.  I  would  say  Agriculture.  The  public  is  informed  of  the  consumer  acceptance  of  kraut 
that  the  difference  between  Scotia  and  the  situation  through  newspapers,  packed  in  barrels  will  pay  dividends 
some  of  our  other  snap  beans  is  similar  radios,  and  advertising  by  chain  and  to  farmers, 
to  the  difference  between  the  Hubbard 

squash  and  a  summer  squash,  although  ■■  ■  — 

not  so  pronounced. 

Sweet  corn  is  between  10  and  11  feet 
high.  This  is  Seneca  Giant,  one  of 
those  varieties  bred  for  people  who 
want  sweet  corn  for  the  table  or  mar¬ 
ket,  and  lots  of  fodder  for  the  cows. 

Some  people  think  that  wet,  cloudy 
weather  keeps  tomatoes  from  ripen¬ 
ing.  If  the  temperature  is  low  this  is 
true,  but  our  vines  are  huge  and  if 
they  were  ever  going  to  run  to  vines 
without  setting  fruit  this  would  be  the 
time.  However,  picking  has  been  very 
heavy.  Some  people  want  to  cut  the 
vines  off  so  that  the  sun  can  get  in  and 
ripen  the  fruit.  Sunshine  is  not  neces¬ 
sary  for  the  ripening  of  tomatoes. 

When  plants  run  to  vine  it  is  more 
likely  because  they  have  failed  to  set 
fruit  for  some  other  reason,  such  as 
wet  weather  interfering  with  pollina¬ 
tion. 

We  had  a  nice  mess  of  celtuce  the 
other  day.  We  followed  directions  and 
trimmed  down  the  stems  after  they 
had  gotten  to  be  about  a  foot  high. 

The  crisp  tender  center  makes  a  very 


In  this  picture,  Warren  Cross  of  Es- 
nice  relish  or  salad,  split  and  served  sex  County,  New  York,  shows  what 
like  celery.  This  is  the  only  connec-  superphosphate  will  do  for  grass.  The 
tion  between  celtuce  and  celery,  for  it  part  of  the  field  in  the  right  half  of 
Is  definitely  a  lettuce.  The  flavor  is  the  picture  received  400  lbs.  cff  super- 
very  mild,  the  texture  pleasant,  one  of  phosphate  per  acre  and  that  in  the  left 
those  tidbits  that  people  relish  but  half  received  none. 

which  have  no  very  high  nutritional  This  field  was  in  pasture  in  1938  and, 
value.  so  far  as  Mr.  Cross  remembers,  never 

We  also  cooked  some  of  the  celtuce  had  received  any  fertilizer.  In  1939 
and  this  was  likewise  mild,  but  very  manure  was  added,  and  it  was  planted 
good,  simply  stewed  and  buttered.  It  to  corn.  In  1940  it  grew  oats  and  was 


could  be  creamed  just  as  nicely. 

People  who  like  summer  squash 
make  a  mistake  by  not  planting  it. 
We  have  had  30  or  35  fruits  over  a 
period  of  seven  weeks  from  two  plants 


seeded  to  timothy  and  clover.  After 
the  oats  were  cut,  superphosphate  was 
broadcast.  In  1941  the  field  cut  a  good 
crop  of  hay  and  again  this  year. 

The  demonstration  of  the  value  of 


of  the  Yankee  Hybrid  variety.  I  have  superphosphate  was  not  planned.  Mr. 
never  seen  them  bear  so  heavily.  Cross  had  some  trouble  with  his  drill, 


SSir 

liiii 

nBnwpr 

Bp 

Wm 

mm 

which  occasionally  plugged,  as  it  did 
on  the  strip  to  the  left  in  the  picture. 

Where  superphosphate  was  lacking, 
weeds  were  plentiful  and  timothy  heads 
were  about  half  as  long  as  on  the  part 
which  got  superphosphate. 

On  June  9  somei  plots  were  marked 
off  and  harvested  with  the  following 

results.  yield  tons  per  acre 

TREATMENT  GREEN  WEIGHT  DRY  WEIGHT 

No  superphosphate -  1-45 

300  pounds,  1939  -  5.71  • 

400  pounds,  1939  -  5. 80 

500  pounds,  1939  -  7.50  ■ 

400  pounds,  1942  -  2.42 

We  might  add  that  the  treatment 
this  past  spring  gave  little  results  be¬ 
cause  there  had  not  been  sufficien 
time  for  the  superphosphate  to  become 
effective. 


m 


% 


wmssm  & 


PURINA 
m tfARM  • 


Feed  from  the  CHECKERBOARD  BAG 
and  Quit  Worrying  About  Shortages 


VIPENV  ON  PURINA 


’4t7odcufsSmmfmc(f 


These  days  of  National  crisis 
are  doubly  a  "time  of  emer¬ 
gency”  for  poultrymen.  Normal 
supplies  of  customary  feed  ingredi¬ 
ents  have  been  turned  upside  down. 
Fish  oils  and  meal  are  scarce,  milk 
products  largely  diverted  to  human 
use,  not  enough  meat  scrap  to  meet 
the  demand,  priority  on  Vitamin  A 
concentrates  for  army  use.  To  build 
a  ration  today,  it  is  necessary  to 
turn  to  unaccustomed  sources  for 
part  of  the  vitamins  and  proteins 
and  to  blend  the  "usual  and  the 
unusual”  into  a  mixture  that  meets 
nutritional  needs. 


2.  Facilities  for  Testing — Purina 
has  one  of  the  best,  if  not  the 
best  laboratory  for  testing  the 
feeding  value  of  ingredients  and 
mixtures — including  four  special 
vitamin-test  machines  that  were 
built  solely  for  Purina  use. 

3.  Sources  of  Supply  —  Purina  has 
the  advantage  of  a  nation-wide 
buying  set-up  and  a  reputation 
for  prompt  payment  which  makes 
her  a  "favored  customer”  for 
hard-to-get  ingredients — as  well 
as  Purina-owned  alfalfa  meal 
mills  and  soybean  meal  mills. 


Purina  Mills  are  in  a  strategic  posi¬ 
tion  to  meet  this  situation.  Here  are 
three  big  reasons: 

1.  Knowledge  of  Nutrition — Purina 
has  the  advantage  of  20  years’ 
private  research  on  top  of  all 
information  from  Col¬ 


leges  and  Government 
Experiment  Stations. 


These  factors  are  valuable  in  nor¬ 
mal  times;  in  a  time  of  emergency 
they  are  invaluable.  Turn  them  to 
your  advantage  by  feeding  Purina 
Chows.  See  your  Purina  dealer 
or  write  today  to  Purina  Mills, 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.  •  Wil- 
mington,  Del.  •  St.  Johns- 
bury,  Vt. 


MAN-OF -THE- MONTH 
CHARLES  F.  KETTERING 


A  Man  who  meets  trouble  and  likes  it 
. . .  believes  the  world  isn’t  finished, 
but  has  only  begun  .  .  .  never  rests  until 
he  turns  the  experts’  “Can’t  be  done”  into 
“We’ve  DONE  it!”  .  .  . 

Such  a  man  is  our  August  Man-of-the- 
Month,  CHARLES  F.  KETTERING, 
Vice  President  and  Director  of  General 
Motors  Corporation  and  General  Manager 
of  G.  M.  Research  Laboratories. 

“Boss  Ket,”  as  his  associates  affection¬ 
ately  call  him,  was  bom  August  29,  1876, 
on  a  farm  near  Loudon ville,  Ohio.  Gifted 
with  ambition,  but  obliged  by  circumstances 
to  work  hard  for  a  living,  the  first  money 
he  ever  earned  was  squandered  on  a  tele¬ 
phone  purchased  from  a  mail  order  house. 
The  day  it  arrived  he  dismantled  it.  A 
bom  experimenter! 

Most  of  Kettering’s  book-learning  was 
obtained  under  great  difficulties.  Three 
times  he  almost  lost  his  eyesight  through 
strain,  and  was  forced  to  close  his  beloved 
books.  Working  as  a  day  laborer,  trouble 
shooter  and  installation  man  for  the  Star 
Telephone  Company,  he  finally  finished  his 
college  work  at  Ohio  State  University  when 
he  was  28  years  old. 

Today  “Boss  Ket”  is  66.  His  honor 
degrees  from  various  universities  would  fill 
a  book.  His  activities  and  achievements 
crowd  a  full  column  of  “Who’s  Who.”  His 
personal  fortune  is  enormous.  Yet  he  still 
remains  the  same  friendly,  approachable, 
unassuming  stoop-shouldered  farm  boy, 
who  turned  a  flair  for  tinkering  into  an 
amazing  list  of  research  triumphs.  Someone 
asked  him  how  he  came  to  be  known  as  the 
monkey  wrench  scientist.  “That’s  easy,” 
Ket  replied.  “I  was  born  and  raised  on  a 
farm.”  There’s  still  the  freshness  and  com¬ 
mon-sense  of  the  farmer  in  what  he  says. 
Plain  as  an  ax  handle,  his  talk  has  a  way  of 
sticking  in  your  head!  Listen  .  .  . 

“A  fine  equipped  laboratory  doesn’t 
guarantee  that  you’ll  invent  something.  Give 
a  man  a  purpose  or  a  need,  a  pair  of  hands, 
a  thinking  mind  to  tackle  a  problem  and 
your  research  is  under  way.” 

“There  is  always  an  ‘Age  of  Opportun¬ 
ity.’  It  was  here  yesterday ,  is  with  us  now 
and  certainly  will  be  here  tomorrow.  Oppor¬ 
tunity  is  within  us!” 

“If  I  find  I’m  wrong,  shucks,  my  mind 
is  on  ball-bearings  and  I’ll  swing  around 
and  go  the  other  way.” 

■  ■  ■  ■ 

Kettering’s  fight  is  a  fight  against  inertia 
and  self-satisfaction.  He  says,  “Change 
is  the  law  of  life.  Quit  being  afraid  of  the 
future.  Work  with  it!” 

He  believes  in  action,  not  argument  and 
pessimism.  He  knows  what  he  wants  and 
goes  at  it.  Sometimes  it  takes  10  years  to 
finish  a  job — but  he  says  “A  lot  of  average 
people  with  good  ideas  get  tired.”  “They 
want  to  quit  when  they  meet  discourage¬ 
ments.”  “We  should  not  be  ashamed  or 
afraid  of  making  intelligent  mistakes.  The 
greatest  mistake  of  all  is  to  do  nothing .” 

Kettering  says,  “Write  down  10  things 
that  you  don’t  like  about  your  business, 
about  yourself,  or  about  the  way  you  are 
doing  things.  If  you  can’t  think  of  ten 
things,  there’s  something  wrong  with  your 
thinking  machinery.  Now  try  to  work  out 
some  way  of  correcting  those  10  things.” 

BIBB 

Isn’t  there  something  in  this  message  to 
give  us  some  of  Boss  Ket’s  “wholesome 
dissatisfaction”  with  the  past — Boss  Ket 
who  brought  us  the  self-starter  of  the  auto¬ 
mobile,  the  Delco,  Ethyl  gas,  Diesel  engine 
improvements  and  scores  and  scores  of 
other  helpful  things?  Something  to  give  us 
a  bit  of  wholesome  dissatisfaction  which 
will  carry  us  to  greater  heights  in  our 
Capacity  Crusade  in  1942? 

WM.  H.  DANFORTH 
Chairman  of  the  Board 
Ralston  Purina  Company 

Executive  Offices  . 

1800  Checkerboard  Square,  St.  Louis,  MoJ 


r 


i. 


(474)  8 


American  Agriculturist,  August  29,  1942 


is  serving  America 
24  hours  a  day. 


Thru  its  clear  channel  system 
of  broadcasting,  and  its  50,000 
watt  power,  WHAM  keeps  its 
•  listeners  entertained  and  posted 
on  the  latest  happenings  in  this 
troubled  world  of  today. 

Tune  Regularly  to 

W  HA  M 

1180  on  the  dial 


Sagamore  Hotel  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


James  A.  Spencer,  R-3,  Wyalusincj,  Pa- 


A  WATCHDOG 
Every  40  Rods 

That  is  what  our  "No  Trespass¬ 
ing”  signs  are.  When  a  fellow  sees 
one  of  them  he  knows  he’s  in  the 
wrong  if  he’s  caught  —  so  he 
thinks  twice  before  he  barges  in. 


Post  Your  Farm 

with  our  “NO  TRESPASSING’’  signs 

to  keep  off  those  fellows  who 
make  a  nuisance  of  themselves. 

Our  signs  are  printed  on  heavy 
fabric  that  withstands  wind  and 
weather*,  are  easy  to  see  and 
read,  and  meet  legal  require¬ 
ments.  Write  us  for  prices  in 
large  or  small  quantities. 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 

10  N.  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


Coming  to 

PHILADELPHIA? 

Rooms  with  Bath  for  $OQQ 

HOTEL  Radios  in  Every  Room 

PHILADELPHIAN 

39TH  AND  CHESTNUT  STREETS 
PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 


Only  Dr.  Salsbury’s  ROTA-CAPS  con- 
ain  Rotamine,  the  exclusive  drug  discov- 
ry  of  Dr.  Salsbury  scientific  research, 
rhorough  but  gentle  action  gets  those  dam¬ 
ping  intestinal  capillaria  worms,  large 
oundworms,  and  tapeworms  (heads  and. 
.11)  as  listed  on  the  label. 

Rota-Caps  don’t  set  back  growing  birds, 
lon’t  knock  egg  production  .  .  .  yet  cost 
io  more  than  many  ordinary  wormers ! 

Profit-minded  poultry  raisers  prefer 
?ota-Caps.  They  say  ‘‘birds  do  better”  .  .  . 
‘there’s  no  drop  in  egg  production.” 

So  buy  genuine  Dr.  Salsbury’s  Rota- 
)aps  from  your  local  Dr.  Salsbury  dealer! 
de’s  a  member  of  Dr.  Salsbury’s  Nation- 
vide  Poultry  Health  Service.  If  there’s 
io  dealer  near  you,  order  from  Dr.  Sals- 
mry’s  Laboratories,  Charles  City,  Iowa. 

LOW  PRICES:  Adult  Size:  100  caps,  $1.35; 
>00  caps,  $3.50  ;  500  caps.  $5.00.  Pullet  Size: 

100  caps,  90c;  300  caps,  $2.50. 

For  better  flock  roundworming . 
Use  Dr.  Salsbury’s  AVI-TON. 


friTT"™  DR.SALSBURY'S 

ROTA-CAPS 


)FO 


CHICKENS  A  N  D  TURKEYS< 


When  writing  advertisers  he  sure  to  say  that  you  saw  it  in  ^ 
AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


Poultry  and  Eggs 
Have  Arrived  9  & 


I  HAVE  just  returned  from  the  sec¬ 
ond  annual  meeting  of  the  Poultry 
and  Egg  National  Board  held  at  Grand 
Rapids,  Michigan.  I’ve  come  back 
with  plenty  of  enthusiasm  and  I  want 
to  make  a  report  to  northeastern  poul¬ 
try  keepers.  Although  I  am  one  of  the 
directors  of  the  Board,  I  have  not  been 

in  a  position  to 
contribute  a  great 
deal  to  its  progress 
and  for  this  reason 
feel  that  I  can  give 
praise  freely 
where  praise  is 
due. 

FINANCES. — 
Since  a  project 
like  the  Board 
cannot  get  very 
far  without  money, 
a  sound  financial 
condition  is  pretty 
important  in  its 
work  so  I’ll  start 
off  with  a  brief  re¬ 
port  on  finances. 
In  its  first  year  of  operations,  the 
Board  set  out  very  modestly  to  collect 
$30,000.00  from  all  branches  of  the  in¬ 
dustry  for  its  work.  It  received  a  few 
hundred  dollars  over  this  goal  and 
spent  about  $21,000.00.  This  left  a 

balanceof  $9,000.00  in  the  bank. 

The  foundation  had  been  laid  and 
publicity  work  was  increasing.  In  the 
second  year,  the  goal  for  income  was 
raised  to  $40,000.00  and  again  it  was 
exceeded  by  a  few  hundred  dollars. 

Expenses  this  year  were  $30,000.00  and 
another  $10,000.00  has  been  laid  in  re¬ 
serve  against  the  day  when  our  outlets 
for  poultry  and  eggs  may  not  be  as 
wide  as  they  are  now.  This  money  is 
not  lying  idle  however.  The  board  of 
directors  authorized  an  investment  of 
$10,000.00  in  convertible  War  Bonds  to 
help  win  this  war. 

For  the  next  year  the  sights  have 
again  been  raised  $10,000.00  and  with 
the  broadening  support  and  interest 
registered  by  every  branch  of  the  in¬ 
dustry,  the  goal  should  be  reached. 

WHO  SUPPORTS  THE  BOARD?— 
There  are  two  kinds  of  contributors  to 
the  support  of  the  Board, — the  check¬ 
off  ana  the  lump  sum  types.  On  the 
check-off  list  are  those  who  contribute 
a  regular  small  amount  on  each  egg 
carton,  frozen  egg  can,  baby  chick  box, 
ton  of  feed,  etc.  In  the  past  year  this 
included:  726  breeders  and  hatchery- 
men,  26  cooperatives,  45  feed  manufac¬ 
turers,  208  packers  and  processors, 
chain  and  independent  grocers.  I  don’t 
have  the  exact  number  of  these  but 


they  are  contributing  regularly  on  egg 
cartons  which  they  use.  On  the  lump 
sum  list  are:  egg  and  poultry  dealers 
in  large  markets;  poultry  publishers; 
equipment  and  supply  manufacturers; 
remedy  manufacturers;  national,  state 
and  regional  associations;  advertising 
agencies;  individuals. 

So  much  for  the  finances.  While 
they  are  still  small  for  a  national  cam¬ 
paign,  they  seem  to  be  in  good  order. 

MANPOWER. — This  should  logically 
have  come  first  as  our  Board  has  been 
much  more  richly  blessed  with  the 
right  people  to  run  the  show  than 
money  to  do  with.  I’ve  written  about 
our  former  northeastern  poultryman, 
Homer  Huntington,  before.  He’s  the 
managing  director.  I  said  that  he  did 
a  great  job  in  a  smaller  way  with  the 
New  England  Fresh  Egg  Institute. 
He  is  proving  even  better  in  his  bigger 
job. 

Mrs.  Kathryn  Niles,  the  Board’s 
home  economist,  has  addressed  and 
demonstrated  before  many  thousands 
of  women  and  is  in  ever  increasing  de¬ 
mand  for  this  work.  She  continues  her 
work  in  the  Board’s  test  kitchen  and 
has  prepared  hundreds  of  leaflets, 
recipes,  newspaper  and  magazine  ar¬ 
ticles  and  radio  scripts. 

Homer  Huntington  now  has  an  as¬ 
sistant  to  take  some  of  the  detail  from 
his  shoulders  and  leave  him  more  free 
for  the  supervisory  work  and  cover¬ 
ing  important  meetings. 

These  folks,  together  with  volunteers 
from  among  the  directors  who  address 
meetings  in  their  own  sections  of  the 
country,  plus  some  office  help  make  up 
the  working  force  of  the  Board. 

FACTS  NOT  FOL-DE-ROL.  —  Be¬ 
sides  its  paid  personnel  and  directors, 
the  Board  has  the  help  of  a  very  im¬ 
portant,  committee.  It  is  called  the 
Technical  Advisory  Committee.  The 
president  of  the  Poultry  Science  Asso¬ 
ciation  appointed  five  of  its  members 
to  serve  on  this  committee.  Its  pur¬ 
pose  is  threefold. 

1.  To  advise  the  Board  on  the  nutri¬ 
tional  value  of  eggs  and  poultry  al¬ 
ready  determined  by  science. 

2.  To  stimulate  further  studies  into 
this  subject. 

3.  To  bring  out  scientific  facts  dis¬ 
proving  any  misinformation  which 
is  published  that  may  be  harmful 
to  poultry  and  eggs. 

At  the  annual  meeting,  the  chairman 
of  this  committee,  Dr.  J.  Holmes  Mar¬ 
tin  of  Purdue  University,  told  the  di¬ 
rectors  that  his  committee  would  with- 
( Continued  on  opposite  page ) 


5»/X,Xv:v.v*v .  _ 

The  picture  of  this  delicious  looking:  bird  is  a  sample  of  the  hundreds  of  phot  ograp 
furnished  to  farm  papers  and  newspapers  by  the  Poultry  and  Egg  Nationa  ’°‘ 
Their  liberal  use  has  done  much  to  persuade  the  public  to  eat  more  eggs 


chickens. 


American  Agriculturist,  August  29,  1942 


9  (475) 


draw  its  guidance  if  the  Board  indulg¬ 
ed  in  straight  propaganda  which  is  not 
in  keeping  with  facts. 

Nutritional  information  put  out  by 
the  Board  will  therefore  be  fact,  not 
“fol-de-rol.” 

OUTSTANDING  JOBS  DONE.  —  It 
would  make  too  long  a  report  to  tell 
in  detail  all  the  work  done  by  the 
Board  in  the  past  year.  A  summary 
will  show  how  Homer  and  his  co-work- 
ers  got  us  a  million  dollars  worth  of 
advertising  free. 

Photographs,  recipes  and  news 
stories  go  regularly  to  newspapers, 
women’s  magazines,  radio  stations,  and 
home  demonstrators  of  utility  com¬ 
panies.  The  editors,  broadcasters,  and 
demonstrators  not  only  use  them  but 
keep  asking  for  more.  Here’s  a  short 
list  which  will  give  you  a  little  idea  of 
the  wide  publicity  eggs  and  poultry 
are  now  getting.  This  list  includes 
only  those  getting  Board  stuff  regular¬ 
ly:  343  daily  newspapers  with  30,000,- 
000  readers,  3000  weekly  newspapers, 
921  radio  stations,  838  home  demon¬ 
strators  of  utility  companies,  100 
magazines. 

Over  a  million  leaflets,  carton  in¬ 
serts,  etc.,  on  turkeys,  eggs,  and  chick¬ 
ens  have  been  distributed  by  organiza¬ 
tions  which  paid  the  Board  for  them. 

In  addition  to  this  million  dollar  free 
distribution  of  Board  information,  talks 
and  demonstrations  have  been  given 
by  Homer,  Mrs.  Niles,  and  some  direc¬ 
tors  before  audiences  totalling  many 
thousands. 

A  continuous  bombardment  with 
facts  favorable  to  eggs  and  poultry 
meat  is  bound  to  move  these  products 
back  toward  their  proper  place  in  the 
American  diet  and  Americans  will  be 
better  off  for  it. 

For  many  years  producers  of  poultry 
and  eggs  have  seen  other  foods  taking 
the  place  of  their  products  on  con¬ 
sumers’  tables.  This  has  been  bitter 
medicine  because  most  of  us  know  that 
eggs  are  among  the  most  nutritious  of 
foods  and  poultry  meat,  including 
chickens,  turkeys  and  ducks,  furiiish 
an  exceptionally  high  quality  of  pro¬ 
tein  to  the  diet.  Mass  publicity  on  the 
part  of  other  farm  groups  and  proces¬ 
sors  and  a  heavy  silence  on  the  part  of 
the  poultry  industry  are  largely  re¬ 
sponsible  for  this  situation.  Some  give 
the  excuse  that  folks  aren’t  working  as 
hard  physically  as  they  used  to  and 
don’t  eat  the  hearty  breakfasts  that 
include  bacon  and  eggs.  Using  their 
line  of  reasoning  I  should  think  that 
egg  sandwiches,  salads,  and  even  egg 
drinks  would  be  on  the  up  and  up. 

I  hope  and  believe  that  this  is  all 
past  history  for  the  poultry  industry 
has  found  its  voice  and  it  is  heard. 

— a.  a. — 

HEN  PASTURE 

What  grasses  are  recommended  for 
poultry  pasture? 

Three  seedings  recommended  for 
poultry  pasture  by  Cornell  are:  (1)  12 
lbs.  of  Kentucky  Blue  Grass,  6  lbs.  of 
perennial  rye  grass,  2  lbs.  of  Ladino 
white  clover;  (2)  4  lbs.  of  Ladino  white 
clover;  (3)  10  lbs  .of  orchard  grass,  6 
lbs.  of  Kentucky  Blue  Grass,  4  lbs.  of 
Ladino  white  clover. 

These  amounts  are  used  on  one  acre. 

— a.  a. — 

hidden  names 

If  you  find  your  name  and  address 
hidden  away  in  the  advertising  columns 
of  American  Agriculturist,  but  stand¬ 
ing  alone  without  connection  with  any 
advertisement,  you  are  eligible  for  a 
$1.00  prize.  We  call  this  our '^Hidden 
Ngmes  Contest.” 

All  you  have  to  do  is  write  us 
promptly,  tell  us  that  you  saw  your 
name  in  American  Agriculturist,  and 
you  will  receive  a  check  for  $1.00.  Ad¬ 
dress  your  letter  to  American  Agricul¬ 
turist,  Box  367-HN,  Ithaca,  New  York. 


severe 

rati°n- 


0Z  at  8 

j>“lysl5! 

RiboJK>»‘" 


Get  the  facts  about  Riboflavin  in 
poultry  and  livestock  rations  from 
this  valuable  free  booklet. 


THIS  LUCKY  CHICK 
HAD  B*Y  .  .  .  . 


THIS  LITTLE  CHICK 
HAD  NONE!  .  .  . 


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17  East  42nd  Street, New  York.N.Y. 


It  has  been  scientifically  established  that  for  a 
higher  percentage  of  strong,  healthy  chicks,  for 
more  vigorous,  economical  growth,  poultry  feeds 
must  contain  ample  quantities  of  Riboflavin.  A 
rich,  natural  source  of  this  essential  vitamin  is 


I 

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Commercial  Solvents  Corp.,  17  E.  42nd  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Please  send  free  booklet  on  B«Y  Riboflavin  Supplement 
and  its  use  in  mixed  feeds. 


Name _ 

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B*Y  also  contains  substantial  amounts  of  other 
members  of  the  Vitamin  B  complex.  It  is  a  proved 
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Baby  Chicks  $12.00  per  lOO 

All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100%  State 
Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube  Agglijt.  TOLMAN’S  BOCKS 
famous  for  Rapid  Growth,  Early  Maturity,  Profitable 
Ego  Yield.  Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters 
or  market  eggs.  Send  for  FREE  circular.  I  Specialize 
—  One  Breed,  One  Grade  at  One  Price. 

JOSEPH  TOLMAN,  Dept.  B.  ROCKLAND,  MASS. 


CLEAR  SPRING  CHICKS 


95%  Guar.  Pullets  Str. 

100%  live  del.  100 

Our  Famous  Hanson  Leghorns _ $10.00 

Large  Type  English  Leghorns _  9.00 

Bar.  Bocks  &  B.  I.  Beds... . 10.00 

W.  Box,  N.  H.  Beds,  Bed-Bock  Cr.-ll.00 

Heavy'  Mixed  -  9.00 

Axl  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Postpaid.  1942  Catalog  FREE. 

CLEAR  SPRING  HATCHERY, 

F.  B.  LEISTER,  Owner,  Box  51,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


Pult’s 

100 

$17.00 

16.00 

12.00 

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10.00 

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LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


Hatches  Mon.-Tues. -Wed.-Thurs.  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ $9.00  $16.00  $3.00 

Black  or  White  Minoreas _  9.00  16.00  3.00 

B.  &W.  Rox,  R.  I.  Reds.  W.  Wy.-IO.OO  13.00  10.00 

Bed-Rock  or  Bock-Red  Cross _ 10.00  13.00  1 0.00 

Jersey  White  Giants _ 12.00  15.00  12.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAA  SUP.) ,12.00  16.00  10.00 

IT.  Mix  $9;  HEAVY  BROILER  CHIX,  no  sex  guar., 
$8.50;  Breeders  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D..  100  %  live 
del.  Post  Pd.  AMER.  SEXORS  ONLY  95%  Accuracy. 

C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY.  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


Bert  E.  Leavitt,  R-l,  Hartland,  Vt. 


ULSH  FARMS  CHICKS 

All  Breeders  carefully  culled  and  Bloodtested.  Order 
direct.  Satisfaction  and  safe  arrival  Guar.  Cat.  Free. 
Shipments  Mon.  &  Thurs.  —  Unsexed,  Pullets,  Cock’ls 
Postage  Paid.  Will  Ship  C.O.D.  per  100  per  100  per  100 
Large  Grade  A  White  Leghorns — $9.50  $16.00  $5.00 

Barred,  White  and  Buff  Rocks _  9.50  12.00  10.50 

R.  I.  Beds,  New  Hampshires _  9.50  12.00  10.50 

Bed-Rock  or  Bock-Bed  Cross _  9.50  12.00  10.50 

Heavy  Broilers  of  above  Breeds,  Sex  Guar.  $8.00-100. 

Sexing  Guaranteed  95%  correct.  Our  20th  Year. 
ULSH.  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A,  Port  Trevorton,  Pa. 


To  profit  by  our  guarantee,  be  sure  to 
mention  American  Agriculturist  when  you 
write  to  advertisers. 


yiCTORY 


UNITED 
STATES 
WAR 

bonds 

AND 

STAMPS 


(476)  IQ 


Ai  ierican  Agriculturist,  August  2!  i)42 


THE  FARM  NEWS 

A. A.  -  Grange  Bread  Baking  Contest 


A  GOOD  IDEA  for  saving  gas  and 
tires  comes  from  Parish  Grange, 
Oswego  County.  Chairman  Mrs.  Zana 
Mason,  who  had  charge  of  their  bread 
contest,  writes  that  they  are  planning 
to  have  a  large  truck  take  members 
to  the  Pomona  meeting  next  month, 
when  the  county  bread  contest  will  be 
held.  Nine  Grangers  took  part  in 
Parish’s  contest,  and  $3.00  was  raised 
from  sale  of  the  bread  and  will  be 
donated  to  the  Scholarship  Fund. 

Chairman  Emma  Zecher  of  Den¬ 
mark  Grange,  Lewis  County,  reports 
that  they  had  a  picnic  supper  after 
their  bread  contest.  Sixty  members 
were  on  hand,  and  a  special  program 
was  arranged. 

Mrs.  Ethel  Britting,  Who  had  charge 
of  the  contest  held  by  Lawtons  Grange, 
Erie  County,  writes:  “Our  young  peo¬ 
ple  were  very  much  interested  in  this 


Mrs.  Benson  LaFever  of  Bovina  Center, 
N.  Y.,  whose  bread  won  first  prize  in  the 
contest  held  by  Delhi  Grange,  Delaware 
County. 

baking  contest.  We  were  pleased  to 
have  as  one  of  our  judges  a  member 
of  the  State  Service  and  Hospitality 
Committee,  Mrs.  Grace  Kohn.  I  think 
these  contests  are  about  the  most  ex¬ 
citing  projects  the  Service  and  Hos¬ 
pitality  Committee  has  during  the 
year.  We  have  several  excellent  cooks 
who  will  continue  to  cooperate  with 
American  Agriculturist 

Three  Grange  brothers  judged  the 
bread  entered  in  the  contest  held  by 
Southold  Grange,  Suffolk  County, 
writes  chairman  Mrs.  Ernest  Boisseau, 
and  she  adds:  “They  worked  hard,  as 
we  had  10  entries  and  each  loaf  of 
bread  seemed  to  be  and  to  look  the 
same!” 

Corfu  Grange,  Genesee,  is  justly 
proud  of  its  winner,  Mrs.  Wilbur  Stein¬ 
er.  Chairman  Mrs.  T.  A.  Post  writes: 
“Mrs.  Steiner  has  entered  in  all  ten  of 
the  American  Agriculturist  Contests, 
held  every  year  since  1933.  She  has 
won  a  prize  in  each  one — six  of  the 
prizes  being  firsts,  three  2nds,  and  one 
third.  She  has  always  received  a  top 
place  in  the  six  timfes  she  baked  for 
Pomona,  and  she  placed  first  once  for 
the  State  Contest.  I  think  that  is 
quite  a  remarkable  record.  Mrs.  Stein¬ 
er  is  a  very  enthusiastic  grange  work¬ 
er,  and  enters  these  contests  in  the 
spirit  of  sportsmanship  and  to  sup¬ 
port  the  committee.  She  is  Pomona 
Grange  lecturer.  We  can  always  count 


on  her  in  any  of  our  enterprises. 

During  the  past  two  weeks,  the  fol¬ 
lowing  Subordinate  Granges  have  re¬ 
ported  names  of  winners: 


COUNTY 

GRANGE 

WINNER 

Allegany 

Alfred 

Mrs.  Hazel  Kenyon 

Almond 

Mrs.  Anna  Murphy 

Andover 

Ruth  Taylor 

Genesee  Valley 

Mrs.  Olive  Graves 

Cattaraugus 

Cattaraugus 

Mrs.  Clara  Jones 

Cayuga 

East  Venice 

Mrs.  Osborne  Signor 

Chautauqua 

Centralia 

Mrs.  Benj.  C.  Brevoort 

Portland 

Mrs.  Goldie  Hewitt 

Chemung 

Algonquin 

Mrs.  Florence  Hitchcock 

Chenango 

Oxford 

Mrs.  Mary  Hill 

Delaware 

Delhi 

Mrs.  Benson  La  Fever 

Franklin 

Mrs.  Mildred  Rowell 

Walton 

Mrs.  Marie  Hansen 

Dutchess 

Millerton 

Mrs.  Wilma  Brusie 

Red  Hook 

Mrs.  Lee  Husted 

Erie 

Boston 

Mrs.  Julius  Meyer 

Lawtons 

Mrs.  C.  C.  Taylor,  Jr. 

Orchard  Park 

Mrs.  Harlum  Newhard 

Franklin 

Brighton  and 

Mrs.  George  Carley  ) 

Mrs.  Jos.  McMasten  ”e 

H  arrietstown 

Brushton 

Mrs.  Catherine  Peck 

Fort  Covington 

Mrs.  Anson  Ellsworth 

Genesee 

Bergen 

Mrs.  Jean  Pocock 

Pavilion 

Mrs.  Wilbur  Paddon 

Jefferson 

Carthage 

Mrs.  Andrew  Hawkins 

Pine  Grove 

Estelia  Gonsetii 

Lewis 

Denmark 

Mrs.  Guss  Sehantz 

Glendale 

Mrs.  Maynard  Phelps 

Osceola 

Mrs.  Hiram  Keeney 

Madison 

Erieville 

Mrs.  Robert  F.  Odell 

Niagara 

Warrens 

Corner 

Mrs.  Mark  Poole 

Oneida 

Clinton 

Mrs.  Alfred  Scoones 

Oswego 

Parish 

Mrs.  George  Jacobson 

Otsego 

Lena 

Mrs.  Vida  Tilley 

Rensselaer 

Brunswick 

Mrs.  Jesse  Bonesteal 

Pittstown 

Mrs.  Allen  R.  Herrick 

Saratoga 

Milton 

Mrs.  Hazel  Carr 

Schuyler 

Olive  Branch 

Mrs.  Fred  Ely 

Steuben 

Hartsville 

Nina  J.  Jackson 

North  Cameron 

Mrs.  Thomas  Bailey 

St.  Lawrence 

Crary  Mills 

Mrs.  H.  Howard  )  ^je 
Mrs.  M. Hundley  ! 

Kendrew 

Mrs.  Earl  Reynolds 

Suffolk 

Southold 

Mrs.  T unis  Bergen 

Tioga 

Spencer 

Mrs.  Gilbert  Valentine 

Ulster 

Patroon 

Mrs.  Vernon  Barnhart 

Plattekill 

Mrs.  George  Sistis 

Warren 

Glens  Falls 

Mrs.  Marion  Martindale 

Wyoming 

Warsaw 

Mrs.  Blanche  Duschen 

—a.  a. — 


DUTCHESS  COUNTY 
GUERNSEY  BREEDERS 
HOED  AUGUST  MEETING 

The  Dutchess  County  Guernsey 
Breeders’  Association  held  its  annual 
summer  meeting  and  picnic  at  the 
farm  of  James  B.  Rymph  of  Salt  Point, 
N.  Y.,  on  Saturday,  August  8.  The  main 
feature  of  the  day  consisted  of  judg¬ 
ing  of  17  animals  brought  in  by  the 
Dutchess  County  4-H  boys  and  girls. 
Arrangements  for  this  exhibit  were  in 
charge  of  Mr.  Rymph  and  Louis  Fish, 
Jr.,  of  Salt  Point.  Judges  were  William 
B.  Jones  of  White  Plains  and  Dr.  Mac- 
Elroy  of  Jonesville. 

Each  exhibitor  was  given  $2  by  the 
Dutchess  County  Guernsey  Breeders’ 
Association  and  $2  by  the  Dairymen’s 
League.  First  prize  was  $1.00  and 
second  prize  $.50.  The  awards  were  as 
follows : 

Junior  Calves — First,  Adrienne  Sweet, 
Red  Hook;  second,  Richard  Fish,  Salt 
Point;  third,  Adrienne  Sweet. 

Senior  Calves — First,  Adrienne  Sweet; 
second,  Mary  Gertrude  Fish,  Salt  Point; 
third,  Joseph  Wasko,  Clinton  Corners. 
Junior  Yearlings — First,  Richard  Fish; 
second,  Joseph  Wasko;  third,  Adrienne 
Sweet;  fourth,  David  Fish,  Salt  Point. 
Senior  Yearlings  —  First,  Elsie  Ells¬ 
worth,  Pleasant  Valley;  second,  Ger¬ 
trude  Woodin,  Clinton  Corners;  third, 
Adrienne  Sweet. 

Two-Year-Olds — First,  Gertrude  Wood¬ 
in;  second,  Kenneth  Cole,  Salt  Point. 
Senior  Bull  Calves  —  First,  Robert 
Styles,  Salt  Point;  second,  Richard 
Fish. 

Grand  Champion  —  Richard  Fish,  Salt 
Point. 

There  was  a  short  business  meeting 
in  the  morning,  presided  over  by  Clif¬ 
ford  M.  Buck,  vPresident,  with  Ernest 
Rymph,  Vice-President,  of  Staatsburgh, 
and  Henry  G.  Traver,  Secretary-Treas¬ 
urer,  present.  A  picnic  lunch  on  Mr. 


Rymph’s  spacious  lawn  followed  the 
meeting.  After  the  judging,  there  was 
a  program  with  singing  and  music  in 
charge  of  Miss  Shirley  Van  Wagner  of 
Hyde  Park.  Short  talks  were  given  by 
Alex  Woodin,  Clinton  Corners;  Dr. 
George  Dorney,  Pleasant  Valley;  Dr. 
MacElroy;  William  D.  Jones;  Murray 
Wigsten  of  Central  Hudson  Gas  and 
Electric  Co.,  Poughkeepsie;  Clarence 
Knapp,  Clinton  Corners;  Benjamin  Rik- 
ert,  Secretary  of  the  New  York  State 
Guernsey  Breeders’  Association;  James 
B.  Rymph;  and  H.  H.  Tozier,  4-H  Lead¬ 
er  of  Dutchess  County. 

— a.  a. — 

BANG’S  DISEASE 
UNDER  CONTROL 

Eleven  thousand  New  York  State 
calves  are  now  officially  vaccinated 
against  Bang’s  disease  under  the  new 
state  and  federal  Bang’s  control  pro¬ 
gram. 

The  vaccination  of  calves  is  carried 
on  in  conjunction  with  an  annual  blood- 
test  of  the  farmers’  herds.  In  counties 
where  appropriations  for  free  blood- 
tests  are  available,  the  cost  of  blood¬ 
testing  once  a  year  is  borne  by  the 
county.  In  other  counties,  the  herd 
owner  pays  the  expenses.  Several  New 
York  State  counties  are  doing  this 
free  testing. 

Calves  between  the  ages  of  four 
and  eight  months  are  vaccinated  by 
the  State.  Reactors  disclosed  by  the 
blood-test  may  be  kept  if  desired. 

Every  month  more  herds  are  brought 
under  official  supervision  and  more 
calves  are  vaccinated,  ear  tagged  and 
recorded.  More  than  3100  New  York 
State  herds  are  now  enrolled  in  this 
Bang’s  disease  program. 

— a.  a. — 

COMMUNITY  GARDEN 

There  is  a  community  garden  in 
Ithaca  that  simply  grew  up  because 
the  community  wanted  it.  Some  60  or 
75  people  got  together,  obtained  per¬ 
mission  to  use  a  block  of  land  belong¬ 
ing  to  the  city  school  system  in  Ithaca, 
had  it  plowed,  laid  it  out  in  gardens 
100  feet  square,  and  went  at  it.  More¬ 
over  the  people  have  stood  by  it,  have 
Kept  the  weeds  down  in  one  of  the 
worst  weed  years  ever  and  are  now 
reaping  splendid  rewards.  They  have 
been  fortunate  in  having  a  favorable 
year  for  things  to  grow,  the  first  sea¬ 
son  of  their  effort.  They  are  now  much 
better  prepared  for  a  less  favorable 
season  than  they  would  be  otherwise. 

— Paul  Work. 

—a.  a. — 

’’RAINY  DAY” 
MANAGEMENT 

Many  farmers  already  have  begun 
to  pay  off  their  debts  at  a  more 
rapid  rate  and  to  save  money  in  larger 
amounts  than  previously.  Concrete 
evidence  of  this  is  found  in  the  number 
of  loans  made  by  the  Federal  Land 
Bank  that  have  been  paid  off,  and  the 
advance  payments  that  have  been  re¬ 
ceived  by  that  organization. 

During  the  second  quarter  of  1942, 
421  farmers  paid  their  Land  Bank 
mortgages  in  full  as  compared  to  329 
farmers  in  the  first  quarter.  Only  91 
of  the  421  and  77  of  the  329  farmers 
liquidated  their  mortgages  by  selling 
their  farms.  In  addition  to  these  750 
farmers  who  paid  off  their  Federal 
Land  Bank  mortgages  in- the  first  half 
of  1942,  there  were  292  others  in  the 
same  period  who  paid  off  one  or  more 
loans  but  still  had  others  outstanding. 

Advance  payments  made  by  farmers 
to  be  applied  on  their  Land  Bank  mort¬ 
gages  at  some  future  date  now  total 
$150,000.  They  are  what  farmers  call 
“rainy  day”  payments,  and  they  can  be 
applied  on  his  long-term  real  estate 
mortgage  whenever  the  farmer  desmes. 
The  Federal  Land  Bank  pays  the  same 
rate  of  interest  on  these  advance  pay- 


A.A.  ON  THE  AIR 

American  Agriculturist  is  on  the  air 
each  day  except  Sunday  over  the  fol¬ 
lowing  stations.  Plan  to  tune  in  to  the 
station  nearest  you. 

WHCU,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  at  870  on  your 
dial,  7:14  A.  M.,  daily  except 

Sunday. 

WHAM,  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  at  1180  on  your 
dial,  6:45  A.  M.,  daily  except 

Sunday. 

WBTA,  Batavia,  N.  Y.,  at  1490  on  your 
dial,  8:20  A.  M.,  and  12:05  P.  M., 
daily  except  Sunday. 

WKNE,  Keen,  N.  Hf,  at  1290  on  your 

dial,  6:50  A.  M.,  daily  except 

Sunday 

WTRY,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  at  980  on  your  dial, 
6:30  A.  M.,  daily  except  Sunday. 
WDEV,  Waterbury,  Vt.,  at  550  on  your 
dial,  during  8:45  to  9:00  A.  M. 
period,  at  1:00  P.  M.,  and  at  4:15 
P.  M.,  daily  except  Sunday. 
WWSR,  St.  Albans,  Vt.,  at  1420  on  your 
dial,  during  8:45  to  9:00  A.  M. 
period,  at  1:00  P.  M.,  and  at  4:15 
P.  M.,  daily  except  Sunday. 


ments  as  the  borrower  pays  on  his 
mortgage,  and  invests  the  funds  receiv¬ 
ed  in  Government  securities.  The  farm¬ 
er,  therefore,  accomplishes  two  things 
when  he  makes  these  advance  pay¬ 
ments  —  he  is  laying  aside  money  to 
take  care  of  some  future  mortgage  in¬ 
stallments  and  he  is  protecting  his 
share  in  America  by  loaning  his  money 
to  his  country. 

Every  farm,  over  a  period  of  years, 
has  its  “rainy  days”  in  which  income 
falls  below  normal  through  poor  crops 
or  low  prices,  or  in  which  the  farm 
family  has  reverses  of  one  kind  or  an¬ 
other.  These  “rainy  day”  funds  are 
bound  to  prove  helpful  in  many  ways 
and  as  President  Roosevelt  said,  those 
who  comply  with  the  suggestions  for 
paying  off  debts  and  curtailment  of  in¬ 
stallment  buying  “will  be  grateful  that 
they  have  done  so  when  the  war  is 
over.” 

— a.  a.—  - 

RETURN  LOADS 
FOR  PRODUCE  TRUCKS 

i 

The  Office  of  Defense  Transportation 
order  requiring  75%  return  loads  for 
produce  trucks  has  been  modified  and 
is  now  on  a  basis  of  “due  diligence”  to 
see  that  return  loads  are  engaged 
whenever  at  all  possible.  While  this  did 
not  affect  farmers’  trucks  directly,  any 
hindi$mce  in  the  movement  of  perish¬ 
able  produce  by  dealers  is  reflected 
back  to  the  people  who  produce  it. 

— Paul  Work. 

— a.  a. — 

PACKAGE  NEWS  SERVICE 

Mr.  Jules  F.  Cherniak  of  the  State 
Bureau  of  Markets  at  Albany  has  been 
rendering  a  splendid  service  through¬ 
out  the  season  in  getting  out  a  weekly 
mimeograph  release  called,  “Containers 
for  Agricultural  Products.”  It  reviews 
the  package  supply  situation  and  gives 
the  prevailing  prices  for  fruit  and  vege¬ 
table  containers,  reconditioned  and  not 
reconditioned,  both  up-state  and  in 
New  York  City. 

There  was  considerable  fear  early  in 
the  season  that  there, might  be  a  grave 
shortage  of  both  new  and  used  con¬ 
tainers.  This  has  not  developed  and 
reports  have  indicated  an  adequate 
supply  at  centers  all  the  way  from 
Newburgh  to  Buffalo.  In  fact  one  might 
suspect  that  some  of  the  dealers  who 
bought  large  supplies  of  used  packages 
are  having  a  little  difficulty  in  unload¬ 
ing  them.  Users  should  still  be  fore¬ 
handed  in  providing  for  their  needs. 

Used  bushel  baskets,  No.  1,  with  cov¬ 
ers,  not  reconditioned  are  quoted  at.  5c 
to  10c  up-state,  and  reconditioned  10c 
to  13c.  Prices  are  a  little  higher  at  New 
York  City.  Potato  bags  up-state  not 
•  reconditioned  are  quoted  at  $5.  to  t  ■ 
a  hundred  and  reconditioned  at  $10.  0 
$12.  a  hundred.— Paul  Work. 


1 1  (4m 


lerican  Agriculturist,  August  29,  1942 

0im  mm  --■■■■  .  i..  —  —  ■ 


^JAe  Market  Basi&metefi 


JULY  MILK  PRICES 

NEW  YORK  —  The  uniform  price  for 
July  milk  for  the  metropolitan  area  is 
$2.54.  This  price  is  24c  above  June  and 
4c  above  the  Administrator’s  estimate 
of  $2.50.  The  amount  of  milk  in  the 
July  pool  was  over  22,000,000  lbs.,  the 
largest  volume  for  any  month  since  the 
Marketing  Order  went  into  effect  in 
■  1938.  The  value  of  the  July  pool  is  bet¬ 
ter  than  $15,000,000.  Milk  consumption 
for  July,  which  is  always  a  vacation 
month,  has  broken  all  records. 

BUFFALO — The  uniform  price  for  the 
Niagara  Frontier  area,  as  announced 
by  Administrator  Lasher,  for  July  is 
$2.66.  Producers  delivering  direct  to 
plants  get  15c  differential. 

ROCHESTER — The  uniform  price  for 
Rochester  for  July,  as  announced  by 
Administrator  Clough,  is  $2.86. 

— a.  a. — 

PEACHES  READY 
TO  MOVE 

The  Western  New  York  Peach  Coun¬ 
cil,  whose  Chairman  is  Frank  Beneway 
of  Wayne  County,  is  again  tackling  the 
jolj  of  moving  western  New  York 
peaches.  A  map  is  being  made  which 
will  show  location  of  cooperating  grow¬ 
ers  and  the  approximate  amount  of 
peaches  each  will  have.  These  maps  will 
be  distributed  to  buyers,  and  it  is  be¬ 
lieved  will  result  in  some  saving  in 
truck  mileage.  Stores  are  cooperating, 
and  a  vast  amount  of  publicity  will  be 
given  to  the  crop. 

The  Niagara  County  crop  is  about 
the  same  as  last  year;  while  yields  in 
Monroe  and  Wayne  Counties  are  some 
better.  The  crop  in  Michigan  is  small¬ 
er  than  last  year,  which  may  result  in 
some  market  outlets  in  that  direction. 
The  peach  crop  in  the  Hudson  Valley 
is  £hort. 

The  first  half  of  September  is  the 
logical  time  for  home  canning  of 
peaches,  and  housewives  are  being  urg¬ 
ed  to  replenish  their  supplies  of  cans, 
rubbers  and  sugar.  Recent  tests  have 
shown  that  peaches  contain  much  of 
the  food  value  inherent  in  liver.  On  a 
pound  per  pound  basis,  of  course,  liver 
is  far  superior;  but  based  on  normal 
weekly  consumption  of  the  two  foods, 
it  is  believed  that  peaches  are  about 
equal  to  liver. 

—A.  A. — 

CROP  CONDITIONS 

The  volume  of  all  U.  S.  crops  this 
year  is,  expected  to  be  about  20% 
above  the  average  frfr  1923-1932,  and 
at  least  6%  higher  than  any  past  year. 
It  is  vital  to  realize  that  weather  has 
been  the  most  important  factor  in 
these  bumper  crops  and  that  we  are 
unlikely  to  be  lucky  enough  to  have 
another  such  season  in  1943.  A  serious 
drought  would  cut  production  to  dan¬ 
gerous  levels. 

The  corn  crop  is  now  estimated  at 
2,754,000,000  bushels.  Estimate  was 
increased  126,000,000  bushels  over  the 
July  l  estimate.  If  the  estimate  turns 
into  reality,  it  will  be  the  largest  com 
crop  since  1922. 

Wheat  production  is  now  at  955,000,- 
000  bushels,  largest  crop  since  1915. 
Total  grain  production  is  expected  to 
be  higher  than  any  other  year  except 
1920. 

August  1  crop  conditions  in  New 
York  State  indicate  a  commercial  ap¬ 
ple  crop  5%  less  than  last  year,  a 
peach  crop  2%  larger,  pears  40%  more 
than  last  year,  and  grapes  28%  high- 
er-  Production  of  sour  cherries  was 
estimated  as  86%  above  a  year  ago,  and 
^■he  sweet  cherry  crop  is  12%  larger. 
Py  areas,  the  Hudson  River  Valley 


will  have  a  larger  apple  crop  than  last 
year,  but  the  yield  is  going  to  be  some¬ 
what  less  than  other  commercial  apple 
areas.  Apples  are  sizing  up  well,  and 
the  quality  is  good  in  well-sprayed 
orchards.  Scab  and  insects  are  doing 
a  lot  of  damage  on  trees  where  spray¬ 
ing  has  been  neglected.  Important  va¬ 
rieties  on  which  the  crop  will  be  larger 
than  last  year  are  Baldwins,  Northern 
Spies,  and  Delicious. 

GRAPES.  —  The  largest  yield  in¬ 
crease  over  last  year  on  grapes  is  ex¬ 
pected  in  the  Finger  Lakes  section  and 
the  Hudson  Valley.  Grapes  in  the 
Chautauqua  Belt  suffered  some  hail 
damage  in  July.  The  California  grape 
crop  is  expected  to  be  a  little  below 
last  year. 

POTATOES.  —  The  August  1  crop 
report  gave  the  estimated  total  U.  S. 
potato  crop  at  378,175,000  bushels. 
Last  year’s  crop  was  350,783,000  bush¬ 
els,  and  the  1930-1939  average  was 
370,445,000  bushels. 

The  eighteen  states  classed  as  “late 
surplus’’  are  expected  to  have  a  crop 
of  254,181,000  bushels,  compared  to 
242,217,000  bushels  last  year  and  a 
ten-year  average  of  258,389,000  bush¬ 
els. 

The  New  York  crop  is  forecast  as 
28,077,000  bushels,  compared  to  27,- 
676,000  bushels  last  year  and  a  ten- 
year  average  of  29,086,000  bushels. 
The  crop  in  Maine  is  down  slightly. 

Principal  increase  in  New  York  is 
on  Long  Island,  with  an  expected  yield 
of  13,985,000  bushels,  compared  to 
11,868,000  bushels  last  year.  Late 
blight  has  been  a  serious  factor  on 
Long  Island,  and  it  may  result  in  con¬ 
siderable  damage,  particularly  on 
Green  Mountains.  Recent  rains  have 
interfered  some  with  the  harvest,  slow¬ 
ing  up  marketing,  and  resulting  in  a 
strengthening  of  the  market  which 
may  be  temporary. 

ONIONS.— The  U.  S.  onion  acreage 
is  15%  higher  than  last  year,  and 
August  1  conditions  indicated  a  crop 
14%  above  last  year  and  18%  above 
the  ten-year  average.  Largest  in¬ 
creases  are  in  New  York,  Minnesota, 
Oregon  and  California.  The  Michi¬ 
gan  crop  will  be  about  the  same  as  last 
year,  and  the  Colorado  crop  will  be 
down  a  little. 

The  New  ,York  onion  crop  is  esti¬ 
mated  at  3,435,000  sacks,  compared  to 
2,546,000  sacks  last  year. 

BEANS. — The  U.  S.  dry  bean  crop 
is  estimated  at  20,500,000  bags,  about 
10%  higher  than  the  previous  record 
crop  of  18,788,000  bags  grown  in  1941. 

The  New  York  crop  has  suffered 
some  from  too  much  dry  weather  in 
some  places  and  too  much  wet  weath¬ 
er  in  others.  The  crop  is  estimated  as 
1,413,000  bags  (100  lbs.),  about  3% 
below  last  year.  One  factor  in  the 
New  York  acreage  decrease  is  the 
slump  in  the  acreage  of  red  kidney 
beans.  This  came  as  a  result  of  low¬ 
er  prices,  generally  attributed  to  fail¬ 
ure  of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture  specifically  to  include  red 
kidney  beans  in  the  price  control  pro¬ 
gram.  ' 

—  A.  A. — 

PRICES 

For  the  month  of  July,  the  index 
number  of  prices  received  by  U.  S. 
farmers  was  154;  prices  paid,  152; 
giving  a  figure  of  101%  of  parity. 

When  the  figures  are  all  in,  we  may 
find  that  1942  was  a  parity  year  for 
farmers,  the  first  since  1920.  This  is 
a  long  wait.  However,  one  big  expense 
item  not  included  in  figuring  parity  is 
farm  wages.  U.  S.  index  figure  for 


farm  wages  for  tJuly  15  was  202 — more 
than  double  what  it  was  for  the  period 
of  1909-1914.  Industrial  wages  for 
June  (July  figures  not  available)  were 
at  a  level  of  311  compared  to  pre-war, 
showing  without  any  argument  why 
farm  workers  are  accepting  city  jobs. 

In  New  York  State  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  and  Markets  reports 
that  on  July  1  average  monthly  farm 
wage  with  board  was  $52.75;  without 
board,  $76.25;  and  by  the  day,  $2.90 
with  board;  $3.65  without  board. 

—  a.  a. — 

START  NOW 
TO  SAVE  SOIL 

The  practice  of  planting  on  the  con¬ 
tour  in  order  to  prevent  soil  erosion 
is  relatively  new.  yet  real  progress,  has 
been  made.  In  twelve  New  York  State 
counties,  soil  conservation  districts 
have  been  organized,  and  in  other  coun¬ 
ties  many  farmers  have  obtained  the 
help  necessary  to  lay  out  their  fields 
on  the  contour. 

One  of  the  results  of  contour  plant¬ 
ing  has  been  a  rather  surprising  in¬ 
crease  in  yields.  The  reason  is  that 
rainfall  does  not  run  off  but  soaks  into 
the  soil  where  plants  can  use  it. 

The  New  York  State  Soil  Conser¬ 
vation  Committee  is  suggesting  a  plan 
whereby  a  much  larger  group  of  farm¬ 
ers  can  make  a  start  toward  contour 
planting.  This  is  really  a  war  meas¬ 
ure.  It  takes  less  fuel,  less  labor,  and 
less  rubber  to  plow  across  a  slope 
with  a  tractor  rather  than  up  and 
down  a  hill.  It  saves  fertilizer  and 
seed,  not  to  mention  soil,  and  it  does 
have  an  effect  on  yields. 

Here  are  six  steps  which  the  State 
Soil  Conservation  Committee  suggest: 

1.  Plow,  harrow,  and  seed  across  the 
slope. 

2.  Leave  waterways  and  depressions 
in  grass,  or  seed  with  grain  to  avoid 


gullies.  Neglect  of  this  is  dangerous. 

3.  Use  longer  rotations  by  planting 
alfalfa  or  Ladino  clover  in  hay  mix¬ 
tures. 

4.  Keep  up  the  fertility  of  the  soil 
by  using  manure  and  superphosphate, 
and  lime  when  needed  for  clover  and 
alfalfa. 

5.  Leave  headlands  or  turn  rows  in 
stiff  sod. 

6.  Rebuild  a  carpenter’s  level  and 
use  it  to  lay  out  contour  tillage  and 
strips. 

Plans  for  rebuilding  a  carpenter’s 
level  for  use  in  laying  out  fields  on 
the  contour  have  been  distributed  to 
County  Agricultural  Agents,  Grange 
Lecturers,  committeemen  for  the  Agri¬ 
cultural  Conservation  Program,  Farm 
Security  committees,  and  high  school 
teachers  of  agriculture. 

Two  Cornell  bulletins  are  helpful  to 
those  who  wish  additional  information. 
Write  to  the  Mailing  Room,  College 
of  Agriculture,  Ithaca,  New  York,  and 
ask  for  E-438  “Control  of  Soil 
Erosion  in  New  York,”  and  E-464 
“Diversion  Terraces  and  Contour  Strip 
Cropping.” 

— a.  a.  — 

FARM  DRIEFS 

Owen  Hughes,  a  Senior  in  agricul¬ 
ture  at  the  Holland  Patent  Central 
School,  was  second  high  individual  and 
a  member  of  the  ninth  place  team  in 
the  recent  students’  All-American  Hol- 
stein-Friesian  Dairy  Cattle  Judging 
Contest.  There  were  over  a  hundred 
students  in  the  contest  from  25  states. 

*  *  * 

In  Franklin  County,  “The  Bridges 
Brothers,”  who  are  about  the  oldest 
and  most  successful  breeders  of  Here¬ 
ford  cattle  in  Maine,  are  doing  quite  a 
business  in  horse  breeding.  They  have 
a  fine  stallion  and  have  sold  colts  all 
over  the  state. — V.  C. 


You  Hear  Cornell’s 
Agricultural  Program¬ 


mer 


MEET  Your 
RADIO  HOST 


This  man  knows  agriculture. 


This  month,  E.  S.  Phillips,  better  known  as  “Flip”  to 
his  thousands  of  listeners,  completes  ten  years  as  an¬ 
nouncer  for  the  Cornell  University  Agricultural  Hour. 

Ten  years  with  the  specialists  appearing  on  this  import¬ 
ant  program,  which  sets  the  pace  for  agricultural  activity 
in  the  East,  has  made  “Flip”  the  leader  among  agricul¬ 
tural  announcers. 

Each  of  his  timely  discussions,  interviews  and  other 
educational  features  is  presented  by  an  expert  in  the 
field,  and  offers  to  New  York  State  families  the  most 
recent  and  authentic  information  possible,  without 
prejudice  or  bias. 

We  Invite  You  to  Listen 

Monday  through  Friday,  12:15  to  1:00  p.  m.,  Saturday  12:30  to  1:00  p.  m. 

WHCU 


CBS 


ITHACA,  N.  Y. 


870  on  your  dial 


(478)  12 


Aj  lerican  Agriculturist,  August  29,  1942 


BONDS  !  Midnight,  September  15, 
will  mark  the  close  of  the 
ALLIS-CHALMERS  letter  contest  —  sub¬ 
ject  “Why  Farmers  Should  Buy  War 
Bonds.”  Letters  should  be  100  words  or 
less.  Entry  blanks  can  be  secured  from  a 
local  Allis-Chalmers  dealer  but  they  are 
not  essential.  The  entrant  must  live  on 
a  farm  and  should  include  with  his  entry 
the  serial  number  of  a  War  Bond  register¬ 
ed  in  his  name.  First  prize  is  a  thousand 
dollar  War  Bond,  plus  a  visit  to  the  Allis- 
Chalmers  factory. 


STORAGE: 


Interest  in  canning  and 
_ _  storing  fruits  and  vege¬ 
tables  has  increased  as  a  result  of  the 
war.  The  PORTLAND  CEMENT  ASSO¬ 
CIATION  has  plans  for  building  a  fruit 
and  vegetable  storage  room  in  a  base¬ 
ment.  Plans  are  quite  complete,  includ¬ 
ing  provision  for  ventilation.  If  you  are 
interested,  you  can  get  a  copy  by  writing 
the  Portland  Cement  Association,  347 
Madison  Ave.,  New  York  City. 


ZEST:  New  reciPes  Put  a  zest  eat" 

ing.  If  you  will  write  a  post 
card  to  STANDARD  BRANDS  INCOR¬ 
PORATED,  595  Madison  Avenue,  New 
York  City,  they  will  be  glad  to  send  you 
their  new  40-page  book,  printed  in  colors 
and  containing  over  sixty  recipes.  Do  not 
delay.  Do  it  now. 


In  each  bag  of  Pillsbury’s 
Best,  and  other  Pillsbury 
^roducfisTyou  will  find  some  Pillsbury 
Thrift  Stars.  They  are  valuable.  You  will 
find  details  in  the  recipe  book  which  also 
comes  with  Pillsbury’s  Best  Flour,  or  you 


can  write  PILLSBURY  FLOUR  MILLS, 
Department  A-238,  Minneapolis,  Minneso¬ 
ta,  and  ask  for  their  new  premium 
catalog. 


NEXT  YEAR  ?  “Repair  parts  for 

j _ 'iummmmiii  . . .  Papec  ensilage  cut¬ 

ters  are  available  now,”  says  the  PAPEC 
MACHINE  COMPANY,  Shortsville,  New 
York.  “Next  year  we  don’t  know.”  If  your 
Papec  cutter  is  reaching  the  “doubtful” 
stage,  give  it  a  good  going  over  and  order 
repair  parts  while  you  can  still  get  them. 


SWEET  MIEK:Spoiled  milk  wil1 

BBanMnuMnot  win  the  war. 
The  HINMAN  MILKING  MACHINE 
COMPANY,  Box  25,  Oneida,  New  York, 
have  just  printed  a  booklet  giving  up-to- 
the-minute  suggestions  for  the  care  and 
cleaning  of  the  Hinman  milker.  Drop 
them  a  post  card  and  ask  for  a  copy  of 
the  “Hinman  Service  Manual.” 


WEDDING :  Dr  and  Mrs-  J-  E- 

Salsbury  of  Charles 
City,  Iowa,  have  announced  the  marriage 
of  their  son,  Dr.  John  G.  Salsbury,  to 
Doris  Joan  Brunner.  Dr.  John  Salsbury 
is  Vice-President  of  DR.  SALSBURY’ S 


This  new  hot  water  jacket  is  made  by 
the  HINDE  AND  DAUCH  PAPER  COM¬ 
PANY,  Sandusky,  Ohio.  The  jacket  is 
quickly  and  easily  installed  on  all  stand¬ 
ard  model  30-  and  40-gallon  hot  water 
tanks.  Such  a  jacket  keeps  the  room 
where  the  heater  is  installed  cool  and 
keeps  the  water  hot. 


LABORATORIES,  Charles  City,  Iowa. 
He  graduated  from  Iowa  State  College  in 
1938,  and  two  years  later  was  granted  a 
degree  in  veterinary  medicine. 

VITAMIN:  B‘Y  Riboflavin  Supple- 
ment  is  the  name  given 
to  a  rich  source  of  Vitamin  G,  recently 
put  on  the  market  by  COMMERCIAL 
SOLVENTS  CORPORATION,  17  E.  42nd 
Street,  New  York  City.  This  is  made  by  a 
manufacturing  process  protected  by  a 
patent,  involving  the  production  of  Ribo¬ 
flavin  by  a  synthetic  biological  process 
resulting  in  a  uniform  product.  It  is 
available  for  use  in  manufactured  poul¬ 
try  and  livestock  feeds. 

TREASURE:  Buried  Treasure”  is 
the  title  of  a  well- 
illustrated  booklet  recently  published  by 
JOHN  DEERE,  Moline,  Illinois.  The 
book  gives  an  excellent  picture  of  soil 
structure  and  discusses  deep  tillage  for 
breaking  up  hard-packed  soil.  You  will 
find  it  interesting  and  valuable. 


WILLYS-OVERLANI)  MOTORS,  INC.,  have  been  testing  the  possible  use  of  Army 
reconnaissance  cars,  commonly  known  as  “Jeeps,”  on  farms  after  the  war  is  over. 
A  recent  test  made  by  representatives  of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture  at 
Auburn,  Alabama,  showed  that  Jeeps  can  be  highly  useful  in  plowing,  harrowing, 
and  other  held  wrork.  On  one  test,  the  Jeep  pulled  a  16-inch  plow,  cutting  a  7-inch 
furrow  in  1.72  hours  per  acre,  using  2.32  gallons  of  gasoline  an  acre. 

In  another  test,  a  wagon  loaded  with  4,500  lbs.  of  corn  was  hauled  13  miles,  and, 
counting  the  return  trip,  the  Jeep  used  only  1  gallon  of  gasoline,  or  .02  gallons  per 
ton  mile.  In  addition,  of  course,  the  Jeep  could  be  used  as  a  small  pick-up  truck. 
In  fact,  it  seems  that  it  has  distinct  possibilities  for  use  on  farms. 


GLEflninGX 

Charles  M.  Gardner 


Editor  of  the  National  Grange 
Monthly  and  High  Priest  of  De¬ 
meter  of  the  National  Grange. 


tional  proficiency.  Two  of  these  are  at 
present  students  at  the  Massachusetts 
State  College  in  Amherst,  and  the  third 
is  a  sophomore  at  the  University  of 
New  Hampshire. 

RHODE  ISLAND — The  lecturer  of  An¬ 
thony  Grange,  Mrs.  Evelyn  Tillinghast, 
does  not  surrender  to  the  handicaps  of 
tire  shortage  and  gas  rationing.  She 
lives  20  miles  from  her  Grange  hall, 
but  has  not  missed  as  yet,  and  this  is 
how  she  does  it:  She  walks  part  way, 
gets  a  ride  for  the  remainder,  stays 
over  night  in  the  village  and  returns 
home  the  next  day. 


MAINE — J.  Harold  Webster,  who  is  a 
deputy  of  the  Maine  State  Grange,  is 
now  city  manager  of  South  Portland 
having  just  been  selected  for  that  posi¬ 
tion.  South  Portland  has  come  into 
marked  prominence  as  one  of  the  key 
cities  of  the  nation  because  of  its  great 
ship  building  industry. 

*  *  * 

So  far  this  year  65  Maine  Granges 
have  qualified  for  honor  recognition  and 
in  consequence  have  a  bright,  shining 
new  seal  to  add  to  the  certificate  in 
their  hall.  Maine  also  enjoys  the  honor 
of  having  more  50-year  members  than 
any  other  state,  and  the  substantial 
character  of  Maine  Grange  work  is  at¬ 
tested  by  the  fact  that  of  the  first  50 
subordinate  units  organized  in  that 
state  more  than  60  years  ago  all  but 
a  half-dozen  are  still  actively  function¬ 
ing. 

NEW  YORK  —  During  recent  weeks 
nine  Grange  members  in  New  York 
State  have  been  awarded  Golden  Sheaf 
certificates  by  the  National  Grange, 
testifying  to  the  completion  of  50  years 
of  continuous  service  in  the  organiza¬ 
tion.  They  are  as  follows: — Joseph  M. 
Gibson,  Minnie  Fairman  Bradbury  and 
Adelbert  Bradbury  of  Jefferson  county; 
Emma  J.  Flansburg,  Philip  J.  Flans- 
burg  and  James  C.  Fagan,  Herkimer 
county;  Mrs.  Blanche  Thomas,  St.  Law¬ 
rence  county;  Thomas  R.  Hopkins, 
Tompkins  county;  and  Flora  B.  Hump¬ 
hries,  Cortland  county. 

CONNECTICUT — When  the  war  bond 
sale  drive  in  Connecticut  Granges  was 
started  recently,  the  hope  was  express¬ 
ed  that  the  158  subordinate  units  in 
the  state  would  average  a  bond  pur¬ 
chase  of  $100  each  directly  from 
Grange  funds,  and  this  was  set  up  as 
a  goal.  Returns  are  not  all  in  as  yet, 
but  so  far,  instead  of  the  $15,800  worth 
of  purchases  anticipated,  the  total  has 
passed  $31,000. 

*  *  * 

Oxford  Grange  in  Connecticut  recent¬ 
ly  had  a  very  instructive  Safety  Night 
program.  The  guest  speaker  was 
Harold  King,  representing  the  State 
Highway  Safety  Commission.  Realism 
was  added  to  the  program  when  Mr. 
King  drove  up  in  front  of  the  Oxford 
Grange  hall  in  one  of  the  fully  equip¬ 
ped  emergency  ambulances  recently 
constructed  by  the  Commission.  This 
gave  all  in  attendance  at  the  meeting 
an  opportunity  to  inspect  the  one  and 
one-half  ton  truck,  equipped  efficient¬ 
ly  for  accident  emergency  service,  in¬ 
cluding  a  radio  sound  setup,  but  also 
capable  of  rapid  speed  on  the  highway. 

MASSACHUSETTS— One  of  the  new 
Granges  in  Massachusetts,  Littleton, 
No.  420,  has  made  a  remarkable  record 
of  attendance  during  its  half  year  of 
life.  There  are  76  names  on  the  mem¬ 
bership  roll  and  at  every  meeting  so 
far  an  average  attendance  of  80%  has 
been  maintained.  A  big  class  of  initi¬ 
ates  is  in  preparation  for  the  fall  meet¬ 
ings. 

*  *  * 

The  Educational  Aid  Fund  of  the 
Massachusetts  State  Grange  has  just 
made  its  annual  award  of  three  $150 
scholarships  to  Grange  young  people 
who  have  shown  outstanding  educa- 


NATIONAL — Wednesday  evening,  Sep¬ 
tember  30,  is  to  be  Grange  Booster 
Night  all  over  the  country  this  year 
and  thousands  of  special  programs  will 
be  put  on  that  evening  designed  to  fea¬ 
ture  Grange  service  in  the  community 
and  its  determination  to  go  all-out  in 
every  war  effort  during  the  coming 
season.  Grange  Booster  Night  pro¬ 
grams  are  always  thrown  open  to  the 
public  and  constitute  a  genuine  com¬ 
munity  rally  night,  with  many  practical 
improvement  plans  ahead  discussed  and 
agreed  upon. 

*  *  * 

More  than  the  usual  number  of 
deaths  in  the  official  roll  of  the  Nation¬ 
al  Grange  is  being  recorded  this  year. 
Three  State  Masters  have  passed  on 
since  the  last  annual  session  at  Worces¬ 
ter  in  November:- — State  Master  Walter 
F.  Kirk  of  Ohio,  killed  in  an  automobile 
accident  in  early  December;  State 
Master  Meade  Ferguson  of  Virginia, 
whose  death  has  just  occurred  after  a 
lingering  illness;  and  State  Master 
James  T.  Phillips  of  Missouri,  who  died 
August  12,  following  a„  major  surgical 
operation;  also  Mrs.  Katherine  M. 
Stoddard,  wife  of  the  Vermont  State 
Master,  who  passed  away  July  22  after 
a  few  days  sickness.  In  addition  several 
former  voting  delegates  in  the  national 
body  have  died  since  the  Worcester 
session. 

—a.  a. — 

QUIPS  AND  QUIZZES 

Page  Pop-Eye  the  Sailor.  —  A  lot  of 
spinach  is  going  into  cans  this  year. 
Acreage  for  canning  in  Texas  and  Cali¬ 
fornia  is  85  ’per  cent  greater  than  a 
year  ago.  The  big  increase  is  in  Cali¬ 
fornia  where  yields  are  reported  excep¬ 
tionally  heavy,  running  between  2*4  , 
and  3  tons  to  the  acre. 

Puzzle. — Why  is  frozen  beef  from  the 
right  side  of  the  animal  more  tender 
than  from  the  left  ?  Out  at  the  Kansas 
Experiment  Station  where  they  have 
been  testing  effects  of  freezing  on  beef 
quality  they  have  found  this  to  be  true, 
but  the  experts  don’t  know  why. 

Horses  Enough? — Here’s  part  of  the 
answer  to  why  we  can’t  drop  back  into 
the  horse  and  buggy  days  all  of  a  sud¬ 
den:  In  1910,  with  a  population  of  91 
million  in  U.  S.  there  were  24  million 
horses;  in  1940  the  population  was  131 
million,  and  horses  only  15  million. 


“ Take  the  derby  off,  Ed.  We  o^in  t 
a  camel!” 


A i-  erican  Agriculturist,  August  29,  1942 


1 3  (479 


Cutting  the  Third 
Crop  of  Alfalfa 

With  a  profuse  growth  of  alfalfa 
there  is  a  tendency  to  cut  the  third 
crop  especially  where  there  is  need  for 
the  fine  quality  feed  for  the  dairy. 
Sometimes  this  can  be  done  safely  pro¬ 


viding  there  is  sufficient  time  for  new 
growth  to  start  before  the  cold  weath¬ 
er  begins.  However,  there  is  great 
danger  in  cutting  later  than  September 
1  in  the  North  Atlantic  states. 

The  accompanying  picture  gives  a 
vivid  illustration  of  the  effects  of  har¬ 
vesting  last  year.  The  third  crop  look-, 
ed  very  well  grown  and  we  began  cut¬ 
ting  on  October  1.  However  other 
work  kept  us  from  doing  so  after  we 
had  cut  four  times  around  the  field. 
Twice  during  the  winter  we  found  the 
conditions  as  it  is  shown  in  this  pic¬ 
ture.  Where  the  alfalfa  had  been  re¬ 
moved  the  snow  was  completely  blown 
away.  Where  there  was  good  growth 
the  field  was  evenly  covered  with  snow 
through  most  of  the  severe  freezing 
weather. 

The  present  crop  shows  the  benefit 
of  the  protection  by  the  snow.  This  is 
a  warning  that  needs  to  be  brought  to 
our  attention  at  this  time  of  the  year 
so  that  we  may  be  prepared  to  leave  a 
good  covering  of  alfalfa  plants  for  the 
coming  winter. — James  Morse,  Levan- 
na,  N.  Y. 

— a.  a. — 

ABOUT  ADJUSTING  THE 
CORN  BINDER 

I  wonder  if  we  eastern  farmers  are 
wise  in  our  corn  handling?  Are  corn 
stalks  worth  the  work  we  put  into 
them?  Would  it  be  better  to  husk  corn 
while  standing  if  it  is  not  possible  to 
secure  the  use  of  a  corn  picker?  Are 
not  the  stalks  worth  more  to  plow  under 
in  the  fall,  adding  humus  to  the  soil 
and  taking  care  of  the  corn  borer,  than 
their  feed  value,  considering  the  cost 
of  cutting,  shocking  up,  drawing  in, 


"'The  only  time  the  Sarge  smiles  is 
when  he  gets  his  American  Agricul- 
turist 


possible  shredding,  and  cost  of  draw¬ 
ing  out  on  the  field  ?  Our  experience 
in  plowing  stalks  under  in  fall  has 
been  favorable. — F.  E.  R.,  New  York. 

(Editor-’s  Note  :  Where  corn  is  grown 
for  husking,  this  may  be  an  idea  worth 
considering.  We  will  be  glad  to  hear 
from  any  subscriber  who  has  tried  it. 
Write  American  Agriculturist,  Box  367-FR, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

—  a.  a. — 

COMMON  STORAGE 

Can  you  give  me  some  hints  on  manag¬ 
ing  common  storage  for  apples 

Beginning  some  time  before  you  start 
to  put  in  apples,  open  the  ventilators 
in  the  storage  any  time  the  outside 
temperature  is  cooler  thap  it  is  inside, 
and  be  sure  to  keep  them  closed  any 
time  the  outside  temperature  is  warm¬ 
er.  Do  not  guess.  Have  a  thermometer 
inside  the  storage  house  and  one  out¬ 
side. 

When  you  are  harvesting,  if  you 
think  the  night  is  going  to  be  cool, 
leave  the  apples  picked  during  the  day 
in  the  orchard  until  the  next  morning. 
That  will  help  them  to  lose  some  heat. 
As  the  apples  are  put  in,  the  program 
of  opening  all  of  the  ventilators  when 
the  outside  temperature  is  cooler  is  con¬ 
tinued.  If  you  have  forced-draft  venti¬ 
lation,  that  well  help  to  cool  the  stor¬ 
age  house  down  faster.  Where  apples 
are  put  in  continually  during  the  har¬ 
vest  season,  you  will  be  doing  well  if 
you  get  the  storage  down  to  the  proper 
point  by  the  first  of  December. 

— a.  a. — 

FALL  LIMING 

Would  you  advise  the  spreading  on  of 
lime  on  ground  to  be  plowed  this  fall? 

That  is  an  excellent  plan.  Perhaps 
a  better  one  would  be  to  plow  under 
half  the  lime  and  put  the  other  half 
on  next  spring  and  harrow  it  in.  How¬ 
ever,  lime  that  is  plowed  under  is  more 
thoroughly  mixed  with  the  soil  than  is 
usually  thought;  while  lime  that  is  put 
on  top  of  plowed  ground  and  harrowed 
in  is  not  mixed  as  deeply  as  most  peo¬ 
ple  believe. 

—  A.  A.— 

SPLIT  BEANS 

I  have  had  some  trouble  in  threshing 
soybeans.  There  seem  to  be  a  lot  of  split 
beans.  How  can  this  be  avoided? 

The  usual  method  is  to  reduce  the 
cylinder  speed  of  the  thresher  and 
sometimes  to  take  out  some  or  all  of 
the  concaves. 

— a.  a. — 

SETTING  FRUIT 

When  is  the  best  time  to  set  out  fruit 
trees  in  the  Northeast — spring  or  fall? 

Most  growers  who  have  had  experi¬ 
ence  feel  that  spring  is  a  better  time. 
There  are  some  advantages  to  fall  sett¬ 
ing,  especially  that  you  are  likely  to 
have  more  time;  but  we  think  you  will 
have  less  losses  by  setting  them  out  in 
the  spring.  This  would  be  especially 
true  if  the  trees  are  set  out  in  soil  that 
is  inclined  to  be  dry. 

—a.  a. — 

PLUGS 

Just  what  is  .the  difference  between  a 
“hot”  spark  plug  and  a  “cold”  spark 
plug? 

A  hot  plug  is  designed  to  be  used  in 
engines  which  burn  kerosene.  The  plug 
is  usually  longer,  there  is  more  insula¬ 
tion,  and  therefore  more  time  is  re¬ 
quired  for  the  heat  to  get  to  the  cooling 
system  and  the  plug  actually  is  hotter 
when  the  engine  is  operating. 

On  the  other  hand,  a  cold  plug  is 
designed  to  be  used  in  engines  burn¬ 
ing  gasoline.  Because  they  are  design¬ 
ed  to  allow  the  heat  to  reach  the  cool¬ 
ing  system  quicker,  they  actually  oper¬ 
ate  at  a  lower  temperature. 

It  is  very  important  that  the  correct 
type  of  plug  be  used  in  order  to  get 
efficient  operation. 


GOING  WEST?  To  the  National  Parks,  Rocky  Mountain 
Dude  Ranches,  Pacific  Northwest  or  California?  Northern 
Pacific’s  No.  1  job  is  to  move  War  traffic  (and  we’re 
moving  lots  of  it)  but  we  are  doing  our  utmost  to  con¬ 
tinue  to  give  patrons  the  quality  of  service  which  has 


maae  me  Transcontinental  NUKIH  COAST  LIMITED  so 
popular  going  to  and  returning  from  the  West.  Leaves 
Chicago  Union  Station  11:00  pm.  Through  Yellowstone 
Pullmans  start  June  18  and  continue  to  September  10. 

Please  avoid  week-end  departure. 

Make  reservations  early  —  cancel 
them  promptly  if  you  change  plans. 

For  information  and  reservations,  write  V.  L. 

BeDell,  Dist.  Pass.  Agent,  Northern  Pacific 
Railway,  560  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 


C y^o.VTA.y/A  i  c/vf D*j0?ta  \  \ 

I  lA'****^ 

.  _  To?’  ‘  "  !  \ 

****  ’ 


HARDWOOD  SAWDUST  OR  SHAVINGS.  Car  lots 
$40.00,  standard  box  cars  filled  to  capacity.  MONTI- 
CELLO  LUMBER  CO,  INC.,  Monticello,  New  York. 


Mrs.  Geo.  Taylor,  R-l,  Canastota,  N.  Y. 


TWO  BEAUTIFUL 
DOUBLE  WEIGHT 
PROFESSIONAL 
Enlargements,  8  Never  Fade  Deckle  Edge  Prints.  25c. 
CENTURY  PHOTO  SERVICE,  Dept.  20.  LaCrosse.  Wis. 


*7/te  tya/uneM.'  Station 


Invites  you  to  listen  at  12:15 

every  noon  except  Sunday 

\ 

for  GLF  and  Farm  Bureau  Programs 


98  0 


ON  YOUR  DIAL 

_ _ _ _ _ _ 


(480)  14 


American  Agriculturist,  August  29,  1942 


NontU&GAt  Mabke&i  jpsi  fltonthe&dt  Pto-duceM 

00  0  A  r 1  ^  -A  ^ ILM«1 


"American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page 


HOLSTEIN 


TRY  “WAIT  FARMS”  FIRST 

for  your  next  Herd  Sire.  We  specialize  on  Type  and 
Production.  2  Gold  Medal  Herd  Sires,  2  Silver  Medal. 
Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  thaeub^nt  naryms’ 


ORCHARD  HILL  STOCK  FARM 

offers  for  sale  Carnation  bred  bulls  of  excellent  type 
from  high  producing  dams  and  sired  by 
Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

M.  R.  Klock  &  Son,  Fort  Plain,  N.  Y. 
Holstein  Bull  Calves,  for  sale  or  lease. 

sons  of  Commodore  Constance,  Dam  K.O.I.  Pauline 
made  lb, 8  lbs.  fat,  28079  lbs.  milk:  was  N.  Y.  State 
Champion.  Out  of  high  producing,  excellent  type 
backed  by  4%  test  dams.  At  farmers’  prices.  PAUL 
STERUSKY,  Sunnyhill  Dairy  Farm,  Little  Falls.  N.  Y. 
-  -  - —  ■  ■ 

For  Sale:  REGISTERED  HOLSTEINS 

Will  sell  30  head.  Your  choice  of  115.  Herd  average 
3.75%  fat  last  eighteen  months.  Many  splendid  fami¬ 
lies  that  combine  show  quality  with  high  production. 
Some  high  quality  young  bulls,  excellent  show  Prospects. 
PAUL  SMITH,  NEWARK  VALLEY,  NEW  YORK. 


ALL  AGES,  BY  EXTRA 
WELL  BRED  SIRES,  FROM 
COWS  WITH  GOOD  C.T.A. 
RECORDS. 


BULLS 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 


HIGH  GRADE  DAIRY  COWS 

AND  FIRST  CALF  HEIFERS. 
HOLSTEINS  AND  GUERNSEYS. 
BLOODTESTED. 

Frank  W.  Arnold,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 


GUERNSEY 


FOR  SALE: 

Guernsey  Cows,  Heifers,  Calves. 

Best  of  Green  Meadow  and  Langwater  Breeding. 
Sired  by  Coronation  Potentate,  Coronation  Pioneer. 

HOWARD  PRATT,  ALBION,  N.  Y. 


Tarbell 

Guernsey 

Farms 

Smithville 
Flats,  N.Y. 


365  HEAD  FEDERAL 
ACCREDITED  NEGATIVE 

FOR  SALE:  Young  bulls  and  a  few 
heifer  calves  closely  related  to  Tarbell 
Farms  Peerless  Margo,  18501  lbs.  Milk, 
1013  lbs.  Fat,  World’s  Champion  Jr. 
3  year  old,  also  to  Tarbell  Farms  Royal 
Lenda  20508  lbs.  Milk,  1109  lbs.  Fat, 
World’s  Champion  Jr.  4  year  old. 
Visitors  Welcome.  Full  information 
furnished  on  request. 


WILL  SELL  TO  AVOID  INBREEDING, 

McDonald  farb/js  dividend 

4  year  old  herd  sire,  son  of  F'-remost  Prediction  and 
Beechford  Lilly. 

Also  two  young  reg.s  e  c,  i'.re'v 

WADE  JOHNSON  &  SONS,  FRANKFORT,  N.  Y. 

THREE  YEAR  OLD  PEDIGREED 

GUERNSEY  BULL  FOR  SALE 
ODD  FELLOWS  HOME,  T^AncTVR°Yd’ 

For  Sale:  Registered  Guernsey  Bulls. 

READY  FOR  SERVICE,  FROM  600  LB.  DAMS. 
FEW  HEIFERS  UNDER  ONE  YEAR. 

Price  reasonable  (a  good  time  to  j'PVT 

Lake  Delaware  Farms,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 

Frederick  E.  Rowe,  So.  Deerfield,  Mass. 


JERSEYS 


FOR  SALE  — 

Jersey  Cows  and  First  Calf  Heifers 

<  WILL  FRESHEN  SOON. 

JP  CftanADn  R.D.  I.  North  Triphammt 
.  I*.  IjUUUAKU,  Road>  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 


AYRSHIRE 


Registered  Ayrshire  Bull  Calves 

several  are  out  of  400  lb.  dams  and  are  sired  by 
outstanding  herd  sires. 

Write  for  sale  list,  priced  to  sell. 

Gould  Dale  Farm,  South  Kortright,  N.Y 


Ayrshire:  8  months  old  Purebred  Bull 

D.H.I.A.  RECORDS  ON  DAM. 

GOOD  BREEDING  FOR  FARMERS’  PRICE. 

R.  HILDYARD,  Ferndale,  N.  Y. 


HAIRY  CATTLE 


COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.O.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEINS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 


SWINE 

Pedigreed  Chester  Whites  1 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 

WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna.  5Q 

Pure  Bred  Black  Poland  China  Pigs, 

ALSO  SERVICE  BOARS,  READY. 

LARGE,  FINE,  HEALTHY  STOCK.  p 

C.  W.  HILLMAN,  Vincentown,  N.  J.  _ 

REG.  HAMPSHIRE  PIGS 

READY  FOR  SEPT.  AND  OCT.  SHIPMENT. 
EITHER  SEX  — DOUBLE  VACCINATED. 

D.  L.  Stumbo,  Hemlock,  N.  Y. 

SREEP 

FOR  OVER  THIRTY  YEARS  J. 

BONNY  LEAS  BLOODLINES 

have  been  the  basis  for  the  most  successful  flocks  in  | 

America.  A  host  of  satisfied  customers  in  every  state 
n  the  Union  know  that  a  Bonny  Lea  Hampshire  Ram  A 
combines  depth,  thickness,  type,  masculine  head,  strong  f 
back  and  good  fleece.  w 

FOR  PROFITABLE  PRODUCTION  , 

TRY  A  BONNY  LEAS  RAM.  Write 

IVIlTS.  A..  R.  Hamilton,  Johnstown,  Pa.  C 

CHEVIOT  BREEDING  STOCK.  p 

Due  to  the  cancellation  of  fairs  we  are  offering  “ 

rams  usually  held  for  showing,  including  first  and 
second  yearling  rams  at  Maryland  state  fair,  sec- 
ond  and  third  yearling  rams  at  the  International  ■ 

Livestock  Show,  and  first  ram  lamb  at  Syracuse 

1941  show  season. 

R.  C.  GREGORY,  1 

Mt.  Vision,  New  York  F 

F 

SUFFOLK  SHEEP  ; 

A  FEW  SPRING  RAM  LAMBS  FOR  SALE.  6 

Registered.  Excellent  type.  Price  $25.00, 

MULHOCAWAY  FARM,  Clinton,  N.  J. 

CUnnuiiivnc  •  Large  heavy  bodied  Registered  Year- 
onropsnires .  |jng  gams  sired  by  an  Iroquois  Ram. 

12  Registered  ewe  lambs,  sired  by  a  Cuthbert  Ram,  $15  ■ 

each.  Also  7  choice  grade  ewe  lambs,  same  sire.  Lambs 
ready  to  go  around  October.  1. 

RUSSELL  E.  LUCE,  Residence  East  Lansing,  N.  Y. 

Post  Office  and  Phone  Groton  I5F2. 

SHEEP  —  HAMPSHIRE  RAMS 

out  of  250  lb.  sire. 

C.  W.  HILLMAN,  Vincentown,  N.  J. 

_ 

25  DORSET  EWES,  REGISTERED; 

25  Dorset  ewes,  pure-bred  but  not  registered;  50  Dor¬ 
set  Merino  ewes,  2  year  olds;  50  Hampshire  grade  ewes. 

TRANQUILLITY  &  ALLAMUCHY’  FARMS.  a 

ARTHUR  DANKS,  Mgr.,  ALLAMUCHY,  N.  i.  ( 

PUREBRED  RAMS  FOR  SALE 
Rambouillet — Delaine — Lincoln 

WELLMAN  BROS.,  PERRY,  N.  Y. 

DOGS  | 

ENGLISH  SHEPHERD  PUPS 

EXCELLENT  COW  AND  WATCH  DOGS. 

MALES,  $8.00;  FEMALES,  $6.00. 

Hugh  McLaughlin,  R.F.D.,  Perry,  N.  Y. 

A.K.C.  Puppies,  Cocker  Spaniels  and 

St.  Bernards  —  Persian  Kittens 

MRS.  EDNA  GLADSTONE,  Andes, N.Y. 

PUPPIES  —  FREE  DETAILS 

ST.  BERNARDS  — ALL  BR  E  E  DS— D  ETA  1  LS  FREE! 
BOOK  108  COLORED  PICTURES.  DESCRIPTIONS 
RECOGNIZED  BREEDS,  35c. 

ROYAL  KENNELS,  R.  3,  CHAZY,  N.  Y. 

Tngush  SHEPHERD  PUPS 

from  heel  driving  parents.  Males  $8,  Females  $4,  C.O.D. 

No  Sunday  sales. 

R.  D.  SUTTON,  Prattsville,  N.  Y. 

REGISTERED  OLD  FASHIONED 

ENGLISH  SHEPHERD  PUPS 

4  MONTHS  OLD.  WILL  DRIVE  SOME  NOW. 

Miss  Julia  Hillman,  Vincentown,  N.  J. 

When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 

Misc.  LIVESTOCK 


FOR  SALE. 


HEI  FERS. 


tionally  nice  mares. 

FARMERS’  PRICES.  FREE  DELIVERY. 

GLADSTONE  BROTHERS, 

PHONE  36,  ANDES,  NEW  YORK 


_ SEEDS _ 

CERTIFIED  YORKWIN  WHEAT 

Highest  yielding  white  variety. 
Best  for  milling. 

CERTIFIED  NURED  WHEAT 

Highest  yielding  red  variety. 

Best  for  feeding. 

SEND  FOR  PRICES. 


CERTIFIED  NURED  WHEAT 

!  new  kind  of  red  seed  wheat  mostly  for  poultry 
g.  High  in  yield.  Also  YORKWIN  wheat,  a 
variety.  Place  your  order  with  us  while  the  sup¬ 
ply  of  seed  lasts. 


high  yielding  strain. 


POULTRY 


HONEY 


HONEY 


60  LBS.  BEST  CLOVER,  NOT 
PREPAID,  $8.40. 
SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED 


with  the  best  North  Country 
clover  honey.  Canning  pamphlet 


St.  Lawrence  River  Valley  Apiaries, 

LISBON,  NEW  YORK. 


POULTRY 


9400 

LAYERS 


Rich  Poultry  Farms 

Leghorns  Progeny  Tested  Reds 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS. 

/rite  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de- 
jribes  our  method  of  giowing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS,  R.  I.  REDS,  NEW 
HAMPSHIRES,  BARRED  CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


The  McGREGOR  FARM 


S.  C.  White  Leghorns  — 50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 
THE  McGREGOR  FARM.  Box  A,  MAINE.  N.  Y. 

CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 


W  alter  Rich’s 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 


IVlapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAMPSHIRES. 
BARRED  ROCKS,  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  All  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
Folder  and  Prices. 

WILLIAM  S.  MAPES,  Mjddlftownf'N.  Y. 


ORPINGTONS — Wilson’s  Finest  Buffs 

In  direct  line  from  oldest  and  highest  R.O.P.  record  line. 
ALSO  RHODE  ISLAND  REDS  AND  WHITE  ROCKS. 
Folder. 

Earl  S.  Wilson,  Fort  Covington,  N.  Y. 


EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

Young  breeding  cockerels. 

CERTIFIED  WONG  WINTER  BARLEY. 
CERTIFIED  NU  RED  WHEAT. 

James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  Trumansburg,  N.  Y. 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 


C.  &  G.  FARMS, 


250  to  340  egg  dams.  Breeding  counts. 

&  G.  FARMS,  Ballston  Lake,  N.  Y. 

ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS,  REDS.  ROCK-RED  CROSS. 

WHITE  ROCKS  — “They  Satisfy.” 

Pullorum  free,  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  details. 


BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 


crossbreds. 

Eli  H.  Bodine,  Box  28,  Chemung,  N.  Y. 


“It’s  a  good,  thing  the  moon  is 
bright  or  we  couldn’t  see  to  read 
American  Agriculturist 


$2800  Buys  253-Acre  Farm 

In  A- 1  farming  section;  100  fertile  acres  for  money¬ 
making  crops,  pasture  for  25  head  stock,  valuable  wood 
and  timber;  on  asphalt  hway,  2%  miles  to  depot  vil¬ 
lage,  beautiful  lake  or  river,  '/2-hour  to  a  fine  city; 
7  rooms,  well  and  windmill,  72-ft.  barn,  granary,  hog 
and  poultry  houses:  $3200  insurance;  sacrificed  by  aged 
owner;  pg.  22  big  Free  Catalog  1384  bargains  many 
States. 

STROUT  REALTY, 

255- R  4th  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


HELP  WANTED 


Suitable  Men  and  Women  Attendants! 

Must  be  of  good  character,  well  recommended  U.  S. 
citizens.  New  York  State  residents  and  without  serious 
physical  defects.  Salary  $54.00-$66.00  per  month  and 
board,  room  and  laundry.  Eight  hours  per  day.  Communi¬ 
cate  with  WASSAIC  STATE  SCHOOL,  Wassaic,  N.  Y. 


WANTED:  COUPLE  — 

Farmer  On  Modern  Dairy  Farm 

(290  acres.)  Alfalfa,  soybean  crops.  Two  tractors,  one 
team.  New  modern  house.  Wife  who  can  cook  or 
serve  at  owner’s  house  or  board  farmhands,  or  couple 
with  working  son  on  farm  or  daughter  to  work  at  own¬ 
er’s  house  advantageous.  State  age,  height,  weight, 
experience,  wages  now  earned  and  what  expected  for 
couple,  for  son.  Immediate. 

Box  1032,  Trenton,  New  Jersey 


MARRIED  MAN  WITH  SOME  FARM  HELP  IN 
FAMILY  to  operate  dairy  farm.  Small  modern  house, 
wood,  lights,  milk,  eggs,  some  farm  crops  produce 
furnished;  $75.00.  Also  single  man  wanted,  $50.00. 
Good  room  and  board. 

HOMER  C.  BRAY,  RFE^LfNR  TMv. 

COOK-HOUSEKEEPER— Age  25  to  50. 

THREE  IN  FAMILY,  $40.00  PER  MONTH. 
Modern  village  home.  Most  of  cleaning  done  by 
extra  help.  Write 

Mrs.  Elwood  W.  Smith,  TRUMN^SB^0RRGk. 


MACHINERY  WANTED 

WANTED:  1,000  Watt  Delco  Plant  and 
2,000  Watt  Plant. 

STATE  PRICE,  CONDITION.  AGE. 

John  S.  Williams,  Old  Chatham,  N.  Y. 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

Phis  classified  page  is  for  the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications: 
L.IVESTOCK — Cattle,  Swine,  Sheep,  Horses,  Dogs.  Rabbits,  Goats,  Mink,  Ferrets:  FARM  PRODUCE — Field 
Seeds,  Hav  and  Straw.  Maple  Syrup,  Honey,  Pop  Corn,  Miscellaneous;  POULTRY— Breeding  Stock.  Hatching  Eggs: 
SMPLOYMENT — Help  Wanted.  Situation  Wanted;  FARM  REAL  ESTATE — Farms  for  Sale.  Farms  Wanted- 
USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT— For  Sale.  Wanted. 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers- 
advertising  space  units  are  offered  as  follows:  space  one  inch  deeo  one  column  wide  at  $6.00  per  issue  or 
space  one-half  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.00  per  issue.  Copi  must  be  received  at  American  Agriculturist. 
Advertising  Dept.,  Box  514,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  11  days  before  publication  date  No  Baby  Chick  advertising  W- 
cepted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  .follows..  gJ  a  n.J.  17.  3U  Feb.  14.,  28:  Mar.  U,  28.  =  April  H.  25. 


cepted  on  this  page. 

May  9.  23;  June  6,  20;  July  4,  18;  Aug. 


American  Agriculturist,  August  29,  1942 


15  (481) 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


THE  GENERAL  livestock  situation 
continues  on  its  slowly  rising  price 
trend,  regardless  of  all  sorts  of  upset 
conditions,  situations,  ceilings,  etc. 
Some  packers  and  slaughterers  have  al¬ 
ready  gone  out  of  business,  and  some 
are  slowly  going  out;  some  are  not  half 
filling  their  orders,  others  will  sell  no¬ 
thing  but  straight  carcasses  of  beef, 
veal  or  lamb,  and  others  will  sell  no¬ 
thing  but  cuts.  All  are  afraid  of  ceiling 
prosecutions  and  all  are  playing  up 
shortages. 

All  this  in  spite  of  record  meat  pro¬ 
duction—  in  fact,  the  number  of  hogs 
marketed  in  July  was  more  than  30% 
greater  than  the  number  marketed  in 
July  last  year.  Cattle  marketings  were 
40%  greater  than  the  average  for  July 
in  the  five  year  period  1929-1933.  Calf 
marketings  were  slightly  greater  than 
July  last  year  and  so  were  lamb  mar¬ 
ketings.  Both  were  considerably  great¬ 
er  than  the  1929-1933  average  for  July. 

A  good  many  have  asked,  “What  is 
this  condition  all  about  anyway?”  Well, 
frankly,  I  think  that  the  fundamental 
idea  is  all  right,  that  is,  at  least  the 
retarding  of  the  upward  advance  in 
prices.  With  the  demand  through  lend- 
lease  buying  for  the  Armed  forces  and 
because  of  increased  consumer  money 
In  hand,  I  believe  that  live  animals 
would  be  selling  over  20c  a  pound; 
wool,  $1.00  a  pound;  hides,  50c  a  pound, 
etc.,  if  something  had  not  been  done  to 
check  them.  The  real  trouble  has  arisen 
in  methods  chosen  to  check  these  price 
rises,  chosen  in  most  cases  apparently 
by  men  lacking  in  experience  and  in 
Lhe  actual  production  and  handling  of 
the  commodity  they  held  power  over. 
This  has  led  to  tremendous  production 
and  distribution  upsets,  inequalities, 
and  unnecessary  hardships. 

Fortunately,  for  every  gripe,  there 
is  a  grip.  The  grip  these  changes  are 
giving  the  farmer-producer  on  his  own 
marketing  situation  is  tremendous. 
They  have  real  educational  value  in 
marketing  processes  and  distribution 
for  farmers,  consumers,  and  even 
Washington.  I  know  that  some  of  you 
feel  that  Government  control  does  not 
mean  farm  control,  but  I  have  confi¬ 
dence  in  the  good  old  American  way, 
confidence  that  this  Government  con¬ 
trol  will  pass  with  the  war,  that  agri¬ 
culture,  labor  and  industry  will  all  vote 
their  businesses  out  of  politics,  and 
that  we  all  will  be  in  a  much  better 
position  to  do  so  with  this  experience 
behind  us. 

There  is  a  good  demand  for  replace¬ 
ment  and  feeding  livestock  this  fall, 
which  is  as  it  should  be.  We  are  buy¬ 
ing  a  good  many  choice  Texas  calves, 
weighing  around  400  lbs.,  with  the 
heifers  costing  around  $11.50  and  steer 
calves  around  $12.50  in  Texas,  for  de¬ 
livery  late  in  October.  Please  do  not  con¬ 
fuse  these  with  any  Red  and  White  calf 
that  may  cross  your  path.  There  is  a 
difference,  as  so  many  have  found  out 
and  as  our  friend,  Ed  Babcock,  has  so 
well  proved  and  reported  in  his  write¬ 
ups  in  American  Agriculturist.  We  are 
also  buying  feeding  lambs,  principally 
from  around  the  Northwest,  at  $11.50 
and  these  again  are  bred  to  be  fed. 
Good  yearling  ewes  are  costing  in  the 
Northeast  between  $13  and  $15  and 
these  also  are  different.  We  can  buy 
just  breeding  ewes,  probably  out  of 
Texas,  that  would  not  cost  much  over 
S10.  The  difference  will  show  itself  in 
wool  and  lambs  produced  each  year, 
enough  to  make  up  this  difference  in 
the  original  cost.  How  can  I  impress 


on  you  the  importance  of  the  RIGHT 
KIND,  as  against  just  ANY  KIND  ? 

(Editors  Note  :  The  above  prices  have 
advanced  sharply  since  this  item  was 
written.) 

The  wool  and  lamb  situation  has 
been  lagging,  but  live  lambs  have  ad¬ 
vanced  about  $1  since  the  ceiling  has 
been  put  on.  With  the  Government  tak¬ 
ing  over  all  domestic  wool,  it  is  report¬ 
ed  that  the  price  will  be  set  around 
$1.18  a  pound,  clean  basis.  Since  most 
of  our  Northeast  wools  shrink  a  little 
less  than  50%  in  washing,  the  farm 
wool  market  should  advance  5c  to  10c 
a  pound.  ,-vj 

Live  prices  on  all  classes  of  livestock 
may  be  at  a  point  where  gain  in  weight 
rather  than  the  individual  animal’s  in¬ 
crease  in  value  will  be  the  important 
thing.  Making  big  fat  ones  out  of  little 
thin  ones  always  was  and  will  again  be 
the  star  to  hitch  to. 

— a.  a. — 

EARLVILLE  SALE 

The  Holstein  cattle  market  was 
strong  at  the  146th  consecutive  con¬ 
signors’  sale  at  Earlville  on  August  12. 
R.  Austin  Backus  of  Mexico  managed 
the  sale,  with  C.  B.  Smith  and  Harold 
Lee  assisting  in  the  sales  ring. 

Sixty-three  consignors  presented  139 
catalogued  animals  selling  for  $30,740 
to  67  buyers. 

Ill  females  above  two  years  averag¬ 
ed  $240,  12  heifers,  between  3  months 
and  2  years  averaged  $178,  9  bulls  be¬ 
tween  one  and  two  years  averaged 
$200,  3  bulls,  under  one  year,  averaged 
$155. 

Five  catalogued  calves  averaged  $51. 
16  heifer  calves  averaged  $42. 

The  top  bull  brought  $500 — S.  L. 
Smith,  Canajoharie,  to  Lawrence  Bros., 
Binghamton. 

The  top  cow  brought  $450 — S.  B. 


,3 


<Pa£&. i 


CventAs 


Cattle  Sales 

Sept.  5  Meadowbrook  Farm  Guernsey  Dispersal, 

Paul  E.  Freytag,  Owner,  Bernardsville,  N.J. 

Sept.  9-  1 47th  Earlville  Sale,  Earlville,  N.  Y. 

Sept.  10  Clinton-Essex  Ayrshire  Sale,  Plattsburg.  N.Y. 

Sept.  18  Dispersal  of  Treweryn  Farm  Guernseys, 

Walter  Kerr,  owner.  Spring  House,  Pa. 

Sept.  19  Eastern  Guernsey  Sale,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

Sept.  28  Dutchess  County,  N.  Y.  Aberdeen- Angus 

Breeders’  Sale.  Pine  Plains,  N.  Y. 

Sept.  30  Harry  Staley  Dispersal  of  Ayrshire  Cows 
and  Bred  Heifers,  Walkerville,  Md. 

Sept.  30  llth  Maryland  Fall  Holstein  Sale,  Mc- 

Donogh  School,  McDonogh,  Md. 

Oct.  3  Eastern  Brown  Swiss  Breeders’  Sale,  Earl- 

ville,  N.  Y. 

Oct.  3  New  York  Federation  Ayrshire  Production 

Sale,  Cobleski  1 1. 

Oct.  6  Vermont  Ayrshire  Club  Sale,  Brandon. 

Oct.  6  New  England  Guernsey  Sale,  Worcester 

Fair  Grounds,  Worcester,  Mass. 

Oct.  8  Ballard  Farm  Holstein  Dispersal,  Troy,  Pa. 

Oct.  9  Eastern  Guernsey  Sale,  Doylestown,  Pa. 

Oct.  10  New  Jersey  State  Guernsey  Sale,  Trenton. 

Oct.  22  Annual  Fall  Holstein  Sale,  New  England 

Holstein  Association,  Northampton,  Mass. 

Oct.  28  Allegany-Steuben  Ayrshire  Club  Auction 

Sale,  Hornell,  N.  Y. 

Oct.  31  Horst-Williams  Ayrshire  Sale,  Jacob  Horst 

Farm,  Route  3,  Lititz,  Pa. 

Coming  Events 

Aug.  31-  Cortland  County  Fair  and  New  York  State 

Sept.  7  Junior  Fair,  Cortland,  N.  Y. 

Oct.  30-31  Annual  Meeting  of  International  Ass'n.  of 

Milk  Sanitarians,  Hotel  Jefferson,  St. 

Louis,  Mo. 

Nov.  11-19  National  Grange,  Spokane,  Washington. 

Dec.  7-9  Annual  Convention  of  National  Vegetable 

Growers’  Ass’n.  of  America.  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Dec.  8-11  New  York  State  Grange,  Syracuse. 


Watson,  Agincourt,  Canada,  to  Coming 

Farms,  Glenmont. 

The  top  heifer  brought  $320 — R.  A. 

&  J.  W.  Backus  to  L.  M.  Holloran, 

Cornwall. 

Largest  buyer  was  Vincent  Fitzger¬ 

ald,  Coleman  Station— 14  at  $3,010. 
Charles  Pendergast,  Ray  Brook,  bought 

10  at  $2,135;  Frank  Burdick,  Neleston, 
eight  at  $1,945;  Elsie  Evans  Lind,  Au¬ 
burn,  five  at  $1,520;  Corning  Farms, 
Glenmont,  four  at  $1,170;  Paul  Smith, 
Newark  Valley,  six  at  $1,125. — J.  R.  P. 


EVERYBODY’S  SCRAP 

( Continued  from  Page  1) 


High  School  Department  of  Agricul¬ 
ture,  the  Grange,  or  some  other  organ¬ 
ization  may  be  collecting  scrap,  work¬ 
ing  without  pay  and  donating  part  of 
the  proceeds  to  some  charity  while  re¬ 
taining  the  balance  for  their  organiza¬ 
tion.  In  such  a  case,  tell  them  that  you 
have  some  scrap,  and  they  will  collect 
it  and  get  it  on  its  way  to  the  steel 
mills.  If  such  a  plan  is  not  functioning, 
perhaps  a  word  from  you  would  start 
it.  Again  we  want  to  emphasize,  how¬ 
ever,  that  the  final  clean-up  must  be 
done  by  volunteer  workers  under  a  local 
committee  representing  all  organiza¬ 
tions,  who  will  not  stop  their  efforts 
until  every  farm  and  every  home  has 
been  canvassed. 

Starting  a  commu  fity  junk  pile  will 
help.  Suppose  you  have  some  junk  but 
do  not  know  just  how  to  dispose  of  it. 
At  your  next  Grange  meeting  you 
might  decide  on  a  spot  for  a  community 
pile.  Spread  the  word  that  the  proceeds 
of  the  pile  will  go  to  the  Grange  Treas¬ 
ury.  When  you  go  to  town  for  feed  or 
supplies,  it  will  only  take  a  few  min¬ 
utes  to  load  the  junk  and  throw  it  on 
the  pile.  Before  you  know  it,  there  will 
be  a  pile  big  enough  so  a  dealer  will 
be  glad  to  pick  it  up,  where  he  might 
not  have  the  time  to  travel  the  roads 
to  pick  up  small  lots  on  farms. 


“I  wonder  if  ‘B.O.’  could  be  ruining 
my  romance!’3 * * & * * * 10 


Another  way  to  dispose  of  scrap  is  to 
take  it  to  your  farm  implement  dealer. 
All  over  the  country  these  men  have 
done  an  outstanding  job  of  collecting 
scrap.  They  have  pledged  their  efforts 
to  keep  working  until  the  job  is  done. 

Some  questions  are  being  raised 
about  scrap  salvage.  “What  about  car 
graveyards?”  is  one  of  them.  The  an¬ 
swer  is  that  junk  from  old  cars  is  mov¬ 
ing.  In  most  cases,  the  cars  you  see  in 
the  lot  are  not  the  same  ones  that  were 
there  last  month.  They  are  being  taken 
in,  wrecked,  and  moved  out. 

“Why  should  I  contribute  junk  and 
let  the  dealer  make  all  of  the  money?” 
is  another  common  question.  The  an¬ 
swer  is  that  moving  the  junk  is  more 
important  than  any  consideration  of 
money.  However,  there  are  several 
ways  it  can  be  handled.  There  is  no 
reason  why  you  shouldn’t  sell  the  junk. 
If  you  want  to  contribute  the  proceeds 
to  the  war  effort,  use  it  to  buy  bonds 
or  war  stamps;  or  you  can  give  the 
proceeds  to  any  charitable  organization. 

Another  question  that  is  being  asked 
is  this:  “Will  junk  dealers  hold  .scrap 
for  higher  prices?”  The  answer  is  that 
ceilings  have  been  placed  on  the  price 
of  scrap;  and  if  necessary,  the  govern¬ 
ment  has  the  power  to  requisition  any 
pile  of  scrap  which  the  dealer  will  not 
sell. 

Again  we  say  that  the  important 
thing  is  to  get  the  job  done  and  to  get 
it  done  quickly.  No  one  can  dig  through 
winter  snowbanks  to  salvage  junk  in 
fence  corners,  but  steel  mills  are  run¬ 
ning  summer  and  winter,  24  hours  a 
day.  Before  winter,  a  stock  pile  must 
be  built  to  last  at  least  until  next 
spring. 

Your  boys  and  your  neighbors’  boys 
are  in  the  Army.  Some  of  them  are  al¬ 
ready  fighting  in  the  four  corners  of 
the  world.  They  will  do  their  part.  It 
is  up  to  us  to  see  that  they  are  furnish¬ 
ed  with  a  steady  stream  of  munitions. 
Let’s  not  fail  them! 


CATTLE 


Big  Auction  Sale 

140  Registered  Holstein  Cattle 

WEDNESDAY,  SEPTEMBER  9 

IN  SALE  PAVILION 

Earlville,  Madison  County,  N.  Y. 

THE  147th  IN  THIS  FAMOUS  SERIES. 

100  fresh  and  close  springers 
28  heifers  due  in  October  and  later 
15  bulls,  mostly  ready  for  service 
35  young  heifer  calves. 

All  from  T.B.  Accredited  herds,  negative  to  bloodtest, 
(all  eligible  for  New  England,  many  eligible  for  Pa. 
and  New  Jersey.)  Mastitis  charts  with  milking  cows. 
Send  for  catalog  and  other  details. 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS 

Sales  Manager,  MEXICO,  N.  Y. 


Dispersal  Sale 

to  settle  the  estate  of  the  late 

JOHN  R.  FROST 
Tuesday,  September  1,  1942 

starting  at  10  A.  M.  in  a  big  tent.  Lunches  served  by 
the  Home  Bureau.  Held  at  the  farm  located  on  Route 
46,  I  mile  south  of  Munnsville,  Madison  Co.,  N.  Y. 

100  head  of  Registered  Holstein  Cattle 

including 

50  cows  of  which  one-half  are  due  to  freshen  this  fall. 

balance  through  the  midwinter. 

25  heifer  calves  from  one  day  to  one  week  of  age. 
This  herd  was  founded  50  years  ago.  Good  bulls  have 
always  been  used.  Many  of  the  animals  selling  are  by 
high  record  sires.  The  herd  is  T.B.  Accredited  and 
blood  tested. 

GEORGE  FROST  and  JOHN  R.  FROST,  Jr.,  Executors. 
JOASCH  SCHAPIRO,  Attorney  for  Executors. 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS 

Sales  Manager  and  Auctioneer,  MEXICO,  N.  Y. 


PUREBRED  AUCTION  at  Chambers  Sales  &  Exchange 
Stables,  Route  7,  Unadilla,  N.  Y.,  THURSDAY,  SEP¬ 
TEMBER  10,  at  12:00.  100  HEAD  OF  REGISTERED 

COWS,  HEIFERS,  BULLS  AND  CALVES.  Carload  of 
Wisconsin  first  calf  heifers,  T.B.  and  Bangs  certified. 
Terms  cash.  Catalogues  on  request. 

David  R.  Chambers,  Unadilla,  N.  Y. 


SWINE 


PIGS  FOR  SALE  ! 


We  are  prepared  to  fill  orders  for  pigs,  CHESTER  AND 
YORKSHIRE  CROSSED,  or  BERKSHIRE  &  CHES¬ 
TER  CROSSED  —  5  weeks  old  $6.75;  6  to  7  weeks 
old,  $7;  8  to  9  weeks  old,  $7.50.  Limited  number  of  10 
weeks  extra  sized  pigs  at  $8  ea.  CHESTER  WHITES, 
7  to  8  wks.  old,  $7.50.  Will  ship  2  or  more  C.O.D. 

206  WASHINGTON  ST., 
WOBURN,  MASS. 


A.  M.  LUX  FARM, 


Walter  Lux,  Tel.  0086,  Woburn,  Mass. 

CHESTER  &  YORKSHIRE  CROSS.  BERKSHIRE  & 
CHESTER  CROSS  PIGS. 

5  weeks  old.  $6.75  each;  6-7  weeks  old.  $7.00  each; 
8.10  weeks  old,  $8.00  each.  All  large  type  stock.  Ship 
2  or  more  C.O.D.  Check  or  money  order.  If  they 
please  you  keep  them,  if  not  return  them. 


FARMERS ! 

GET  THE  LATEST 

NEWS 

ON  THE  FARM  FRONT 

BY  UNITED  PRESS 

1  P.  M.  DAILY 

Tune  WBT  A  First 

DIAL  1490 


Ramon  Teel,  R-2,  Blairstown,  N.  J. 


FALSE 

TEETH 


6th  YEAR 

Buy  where  thousands  have 
been  satisfied.  We  make 
FALSE  TEETH  for  you  from 
your  own  impressions. 

LOW 
AS 


90  DAY  TRIAL 

MONEY  BACK  GUARANTEE  of 
SATISFACTION  protects  you. 

crun  MA  Ml  ALIEV  Write  TODAY  for  FREE 

Otnil  nu  IVIUPILl  Booklet  and  Material. 

J.  B.  CLEVELAND  DENTAL  PLATE  CO. 


Dept.  22-M2 


East  SH  Louis,  Illinois 


7o  Relieve 

Misery 


LIQUID.  TABLETS.  SALVE ,  NOSE  DROPS 


When  writing  advertiseis  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


(482)  1© 


American  Agriculturist,  August  29,  1942 


otfcuu  to  Make 


Bi|  Mrs.  Grace 
Watkins 
Huckett 

C 

AUERKRAUT  is  one  prod- 
a  W  uct  we  shall  have  to  make 
for  our  own  use  as  long  as 
the  war  lasts,  because  the  government 
will  take  most  of  what  the  packers  put 
up  for  our  armed  forces  and  our  Al¬ 
lies.  Kraut  is  a  fine  food,  containing 
as  it  does  much-needed  minerals  and, 
if  handled  properly,  valuable  vitamins. 
Besides,  it  has  a  flavor  that  most  peo¬ 
ple  go  for! 

To  make  kraut,  you’ll  need  the  fol¬ 
lowing  equipment:  Stone  jar  or  keg 
with  a  capacity  of  4  to  10  gallons. 

( 1 )  Kraut  cutting  board,  or  shredder,  or 
just  a  sharp  knife  (a  kraut  cutter  has 
three  sharp  knives  in  it  which  may  be 
set  at  the  thickness  of  a  thin  dime.) 

(2)  Cheesecloth  or  similar  material. 

(3)  Large  plate  or  board  for  covering 
the  container. 

(4)  A  weight  just  heavy  enough  to 
cause  the  brine  to  rise  above  the  cab¬ 
bage.  A  tightly  sealed  gallon  jug  part¬ 
ly  filled  with  water  or  wet  sand  would 
serve  this  purpose.  Do  not  use  limestone 
rocks  or  metal;  either  might  prevent 
the  desirable  acid  from  forming,  be¬ 


sides  making  a  brownish-black  brine. 

The  best  time  to  make  kraut  is  in 
the  Fall  when  cabbage  is  freshly  cut. 
Select  mature  sound  heads,  let  stand  2 
days  before  shredding.  Remove  all 
damaged  or  dirty  leaves  and  wash  the 
heads.  Cut  the  heads  in  halves  but 
don’t  discard  core,  as  that  is  where  the 
sugar  is  and  it  is  needed  for  lactic 
acid  fermentation.  Weigh  out  5  pounds 
of  cabbage  and  2  ounces  of  salt.  Shred 
cabbage  (less  than  %  inch  thick)  di¬ 
rectly  into  jar  or  keg  without  expos¬ 
ing  it  to  the  air  since  this  would  re¬ 
duce  amount  of  vitamin  C,  besides 
causing  loss  of  color,  texture  and 
flavor.  Cover  shredded  cabbage  with 
2  ounces  of  salt,  distributing  evenly. 
Uneven  distribution  may  cause  red 
streaks  in  the  brined  product. 

Prepare  another  5  pounds  of  cab¬ 
bage,  weigh  2  ounces  of  salt  and  con¬ 
tinue  adding  layers  until  the  container 
is  as  full  as  desired.  When  crock  is 
half -full,  pack  down  with  a  mortar  but 
do  not  bruise  the  kraut  as  this  might 
cause  it  to  soften.  The  object  of 
tamping  is  to  drive  out  air  rather  than 


A1 - 

Ct)Ls[lMl\ 

- - ‘Al 

to  pound  out  juices.  Continue  to  tamp 
as  the  container  is  filled. 

When  jar  or  keg  has  been  filled, 
place  uneven  pieces  of  cabbage  and  a 
few  large  leaves  on  top.  The  vessel 
has  to  be  filled  in  one  day — the  job 
cannot  be  done  piecemeal.  Also  one 
has  to  come  out  even  with  salt  and 
cabbage.  Cover  with  clean  cloth  and 
plate  or  board  which  just  fits  inside 
the  container;  then  place  weight  on  top 
of  the  cover.  The  juice  should  com¬ 
pletely  cover  the  kraut  at  all  times, 
should  come  to  bottom  of  cover  but  not 
over  it.  The  weight  should  be  heavy 
enough  to  hold  the  cover  in  this  posi¬ 
tion.  From  time  to  time,  water  or 
sand  may  have  to  be  added  to  Or  taken 
out  of  the  bottles  used  as  weights;  in 
large  containers  more  than  one  bottle 
may  be  needed.  Commercial  packers 
are  very  particular  about  having 
weights  just  right  as  that  has  impor¬ 
tant  results  on  quality  of  the  kraut. 
If  a  scum  forms,  remove  it  quickly 
and  thoroughly  wash  the  cloth  cover. 

One  pound  of  salt  is  required  for  40 
pounds  of  shredded  cabbage,  or  2 


ounces  of  salt  for  5  pounds  of  shredded 
cabbage.  Be  sure  to  measure  salt  ex¬ 
actly,  as  it  is  important  to  get  the 
correct  amount.  Kraut  salt  is  almost 
100  per  cent  pure;  ordinary  dairy  salt 
is  the  cheapest  and  easiest  to  handle, 
although  table  salt  will  do. 

The  temperature  for  fermenting  the 
kraut  is  from  55  to  70°,  the  usual  fall 
temperature  in  this  part  of  the  coun¬ 
try.  The  temperature  should  not  be 
too  high  nor  too  low.  It  takes  about 
6  weeks  to  ferment  properly  at  55°, 
about  4  weeks  at  70°.  Seventy-five  de¬ 
grees  is  the  maximum;  then  the  kraut 
will  ferment  in  2  weeks  but  it  will  not 
be  as  good  a  product  as  at  the  lower 
temperatures.  If  below  55°  it  may 
take  all  winter.  You  can  tell  when 
the  kraut  is  finished  because  bubbles 
of  gas  will  cease  to  form.  Also  the 
acid  flavor  is  a  good  indicator. 

After  fermentation,  the  kraut  may 
be  removed  from  the  crock  and  can¬ 
ned  in  glass  jars  with  glass,  not  metal, 
tops.  Just  heat  the  kraut  in  a  kettle 
to  165  to  170°,  put  into  the  cans  at 
that  temperature,  close  them  up,  invert 
and  let  them  cool. 

i 

Sauer  Ruben 

To  make  Sauer  Ruben,  the  bacteri¬ 
ologist  at  the  Bureau  of  Home  Eco¬ 
nomics  has  found  that  Purple  Top 
Strap  Leaf  is  the  best  turnip  to  use, 
although  he  rated  as  good  Tokyo,  Ex¬ 
tra  Early  White  Milan,  Purple  Top 
White  Globe,  Yellow  Globe  and  Extra 
Early  Purple  Top  Milan.  As  with 
cabbage  the  fall  varieties  of  turnips 
make  a  better  product  than  spring 
ones. 

Medium-sized  turnips,  used  as  soon 
as  possible  afte»*  pulling,  give  a  tender, 
full-flavored  product.  Wash  turnips, 
rinse  in  cold  water  but  do  not  scrub. 
Remove  all  green  part  from  the  top; 
do  not  peel.  Then  shred  as  for  sauer¬ 
kraut.  Do  not  slice.  Shred  5  pounds 
of  turnips.  •  Sprinkle  with  3  scant 
tablespoons  or  2%  ounces  of  salt. 
Shred  another  5  pounds  of  turnips,  add 
3  scant  tablespoons  of  salt  and  con¬ 
tinue  forming  layers  until  the  desired 
amount  is  reached.  Cover  with  plate 
or  board  and  weigh.  Observe  the  same 
precautions  as  described  above  for 
making  kraut. 


Take  Care  of  Your 


SweateAA- 


Mending  Lesson  No.  13. 


GOOD  WOOL  SWEATERS  are 
worthy  of  proper  care  and  care¬ 
ful  repair.  Skillful  mending 
will  prolong  the  service  of  a 
knitted  article  and  contribute  to  one’s 
satisfaction  in  conserving-  a  useful  gar¬ 
ment.  Remember  that  there  will  be 
little  wool  for  civilian  use  until  the 
war  is  won  and  it  is  especially  im¬ 
portant  that  every  wool  garment  be 
given  maximum  care. 

A  good  sweater  darn  should  be  in¬ 
visible  or  as  inconspicuous  as  possible, 
strong,  durable  and  as  elastic  and 
flexible  as  the  garment  itself. 

It  is  essential,  first  of  all,  to  have 
yam  which  matches  as  nearly  as  pos¬ 
sible  in  color  and  weight  the  original 
yarn  of  the  garment.  When  knitting 
a  sweater  by  hand,  it  is  wise  to  keep 
a  small  amount  of  the  original  yarn 
where  it  may  be  easily  available  as 
needed.  Bits  of  yarns  of  all  weights 
and  colors  should  be  collected  and  kept 
in  a  mending  kit  so  that  the  right  kind 
will  be  at  hand  for  darning  ready¬ 
made  or  machine-made  sweaters. 

The  chain  stitch  is  used  to  duplicate 
the  knitted  rib  of  the  sweater  and  thus 
make  the  darn  flexible  and  inconspicu¬ 


ous.  The  stitch  is  started  well  beyond 
the  worn  edges  of  the  hole  to  give 
strength  and  durability.  See  Fig.  1.  The 
rows  of  chain  stitch  are  held  together 
and  strengthened  by  darning  back  and 
forth  on  the  wrong  side.  See  Fig.  2. 

The  best  results  are  obtained  by  us- 


0 


L..J 

_ )  Cw.^73 

^ 


FIG.  2. 


ing  a  tapestry  needle  having  a  blunt 
point.  If  some  of  the  loops  have  run 
back  from  the  hole  leaving  crosswise 
strands  or  “ladders”,  these  may  be 
picked  up  and  brought  to  the  edge  of 
the  hole  with  a  crochet  hook.  If  a 
crochet  hook  is  not  available,  it  is  pos¬ 
sible  to  do  this  with  the  tapestry 
needle.  Fasten  a  safety  pin  in  the  loop 
until  ready  to  continue  across  the  hole. 

Steps  in  repairing  a  worn  place  are: 

1.  Baste  a  piece  of  stiff  paper  under 
the  hole,  letting  it  extend  well  beyond 
the  worn  edges.  This  holds  the  work 
in  place,  makes  it  easier  to  see  the 
rib  and  prevents  stretching  or  pulling 
the  garment  out  of  shape. 

2.  Start  the  chain  stitch  in  the  worn 


II if  JULIA  G.  STRAHAN, 

Cornell  Clothing  Specialist. 

rib  well  away  from  the  edge  of  the 
hole.  Draw  each  stitch  down  to  the 
exact  size  of  the  knitted  loop.  Be  sure 
to  place  »the  needle  inside'  the  loop  of 
the  preceding  stitch.  (Fig.  1.) 

3.  When  the  edge  of  the  hole  is 
reached,  continue  the  chain  stitch  in 
the  air  across  the  hole  and  finish  by 
taking  several  stitches  in  the  same  rib 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  hole. 

4.  Run  the  thread  back  across  the 
hole  and  replace  the  next  rib  in  the 
same  way.  Continue  until  all  worn 
ribs  are  replaced. 

5.  Then  darn  the  rows  of  chain 
stitching  together  on  the  wrong  side. 
(Fig.  2.)  If  this  is  done  carefully  the 
stitches  will  not  show  on  the  right  side, 
leaving  uninterrupted  rows  of  chain 
stitching  on  the  right  side  which  look 
like  a  continuation  of  the  knitted  rib. 

6.  Remove  the  paper  and  steam  by 
pressing  lightly  on  the  wrong  side  un¬ 
der  a  damp  cloth. 

(Editors  Note:  Lesson  on  “Overhand 
Patch”  has  been  postponed  until  a  Sep¬ 
tember  issue.) 


American  Agriculturist,  August  29,  1942 


17  (483) 


FLAUNT 
FALL  COLORS 


COLOR  interest  for  day  time  dresses 
centers  on  black,  blue;  brown  and 
green.  The  dressier  frocks  show  quite 
a  bit  of  dressy  trim. 

Dress  Pattern  No.  3586  is  softly 
molded  with  its  little  tucks  and  full¬ 
ness  in  the  front,  all  very  flattering 
to  the  figure.  Sizes  16  to  50.  Size  36, 
only  2%  yds.  39-in.  fabric  for  dress 
with  short  sleeves. 

The  perfect  shirtwaist  type  appears 
in  No.  2639,  smart,  suited  to  a  hundred 
occasions  and  becoming  in  all  sizes. 
Sizes  12  to  46.  Size  16,  4*4  yds.  39-in. 
fabric. 

The  casual  two-piece  dress  with  the 
soft,  slim  silhouette  promises  to  be  a 
fashion  leader  for  fall.  Wools  and 
crepes  in  blue,  natural,  brown,  red  and 
green  would  be  the  logical  materials 
for  interpreting  such  a  frock  in  Pattern 
No.  2579.  Sizes  16  to  48.  Size  36,  4 % 
yds.  39-in.  fabric. 

There’s  nothing  like  a  neat  and  well- 


“No,  I  don’t  have  an  appoint - 
ment.  I  thought  all  that  was 
necessary  was  a  tooth-ache !” 


cut  housedress  such  as  Pattern  2516, 
to  bolster  your  morale  while  you’re  on 
the  job  of  conserving  the  family’s 
health  and  happiness.  Sizes  36  to  52. 
Size  36,  4  yds.  35-in.  fabric  with  % 
yd.  contrasting  and  3  y2  yds.  bright  ric 
rac. 

And  here’s  a  miracle  of  fabric  con¬ 
servation.  This  pretty  apron,  No.  2589, 
fully  protects  the  dress,  and  can  be 
made  from  1  yd.  36-in.  fabric  plus  2 
yds.  ruffling.  Pattern  comes  in  one 
size. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address, 
pattern  size  and  number  clearly  and  en¬ 
close  15c  in  stamps.  Address  Pattern 
Department,  American  Agriculturist, 
10  North  •  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie, 
N.  Y. 

For  a  host  of  other  suggestions  for 
clothes  for  all  the  family,  send  for  the 
Fall  Fashion  Book,  price  12c;  or  send 
25c  for  a  Fashion  Book  and  a  pattern 
of  your  own  choosing. 


Pe/idaMxUPtoUje*yui 


STARVED 
FOR  AFFECTION 

Dear  Lucile :  My  husband  is  kind  in 
many  ways,  has  all  the  Puritanical  vir¬ 
tues  but  is  never  affectionate.  We  live  on 
a  farm,  have  a  year-old  baby  and  are  in 
our  twenties.  Before  I  married  I  had  a 
good  job,  money  of  my  own,  movies  and 
good  times.  I  have  not  had  much  of  such 
since  marriage,  but  it  would  not  matter 
if  my  husband  would  show  me  he  loved 
me. 

He  says  after  couples  marry  that  kiss¬ 
ing,  hugging  and  saying  nice  things  to 
each  other  is  '‘poppy  cock”;  that  especi¬ 
ally  if  there  are  children  there  is  no  need 
for  showing  affection  for  each  other.  Do 
you  think  this  is  true?  He  says  he 
hasn’t  time  for  me,  yet  he  caresses  the 
baby.  Maybe  I’m  silly  to  let  it  bother 
me,  but  it  does.  Is  there  anything  I  can 
do? — Paula. 

I  don’t  think  you’re  at  all  silly  to 
let  this  bother  you,  but  I  don’t  know 
what  you  can  do  about  it.  Just  lock 
your  natural  affectionate  feelings  up 
tight  in  yourself,  I  guess,  and  let  your 
husband  go  his  cold,  starved,  repress¬ 
ed  way. 

There  are  many  men  like  this.  I 
guess  they  honestly  believe  what  they 
say  about  affection  not  being  necessary 
after  marriage.  But  of  course,  they’re 
wrong.  It’s  very  necessary.  It’s  the 
sun  in  a  woman’s  life;  the  streaks  of 
pink  and  rose  that  run  through  the 
drab  monotony  of  her  days.  And  any¬ 
thing  can  be  borne  if  a  woman  knows 
that  she  can  forget  her  troubles  for  a 
moment  in  the  big  strong  arms  of  her 
husband,  while  he  smoothes  her  hair 
and  tells  her  not  to  worry. 

I  read  recently  of  a  man  who  left  a 
letter  for  his  wife  when  he  died,  tell¬ 
ing  her  he  loved  her.  He  could  never 
make  himself  say  it  while  he  was  alive. 

*  *  * 

LEFT  ALL  ALONE 

Dear  Lucile :  I  am  21  years  old  and 
good  looking;  am  a  farmer  helping  my 
father  and  would  like  to  get  married. 
But  there  aren’t  any  girls  in  this  neigh¬ 
borhood  and  all  the  boys  have  gone  to 
the  army.  I  cannot  go  because  my  fath¬ 
er  needs  me.  Because  of  gas  rationing 
I  am  unable  to  go  very  far  for  pleasure. 
I  read  and  write  letters  to  friends  in  the 
army  but  I  lack  young  companions  at 
home.  Please  advise  me  what  to  do. — 
S.  L.  T. 

If  there  aren’t  any  girls  or  boys  in 
your  neighborhood;  if  you  can’t  go  any¬ 
where  on  account  of  gas  rationing  and 
if  you  already  read  and  write  letters 
to  your  friends  .  .  .  what  is  there  left 
for  me  to  tell  you  to  do? 

Have  you  time  for  some  simple  hob¬ 
by?  I  know  these  are  busy  days  on 
farms,  but  having  something  to  do  be¬ 


sides  work  (after  the  work  is  done,  of 
course )  makes  life  more  interesting. 
Collecting  stamps  amuses  some  people; 
others  make  leaf  or  butterfly  collec¬ 
tions;  some  work  with  wood;  some  go 
in  for  photography.  Do  any  of  these 
things  appeal  to  you? 

With  all  the  young  men  gone  to  the 
army  I  should  think  there  would  be 
enough  girls  to  go  around  .  .  .  but  you 
say  there  are  no  girls  left  in  your  com¬ 
munity.  Well  .  .  .  couldn’t  you  manage 
to  get  into  another  community,  some¬ 
how,  and  get  acquainted  with  one  or 
two  nice  girls?  Even  if  you  couldn’t 
see  them  often,  you  could  write  them 
letters,  as  you  evidently  like  to  corre¬ 
spond. 

This  isn’t  being  very  helpful,  I  realize 
.  .  .  but  you’ve  left  me  so  few  things 
to  suggest.  About  all  I  can  really  say 
is  to  make  the  most  of  any  opportuni¬ 
ties  you  have  .  .  .  and  you  know  'what 
they  are,  better  than  I. 


If  you  have  a  problem,  write  to 
Lucile,  Personal  Problems  Editor, 
American  Agriculturist,  Box  367, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Be  sure  to  sign  your 
name  and  give  your  address,  as  un¬ 
signed  letters  will  not  be  answered. 
Your  name  will  be  kept  entirely 
confidential,  and  if  your  letter  is 
printed  in  these  columns,  your 
identity  will  be  carefully  disguised. 
Please  enclose  a  self-addressed, 
stamped  envelope  if  you  wish  a  per¬ 
sonal  reply  by  mail. 


FOR  WINTER  ROIJQLETS 

By  RUBY  PRICE  WEEKS 

Many  weeds,  though  they  are  a 
I’eal  nuisance  to  the  farmer  are  often 
lovely  to  look  at,  even  long  after  the 
blooms  have  disappeared.  If  carefully 
cut  with  a  sharp  knife  and  hung  by 
the  roots  when  they’ve  gone  to  seed, 
they  will  come  into  their  own  as  winter 
bouquets  in  the  house. 

The  coral-red  berries  of  bittersweet 
often  supply  just  the  needed  bit  of  color 
to  brighten  a  certain  dark  corner.  Bay- 
berry  —  in  just  the  right  container  — 
pinch  hits  off  and  on  all  winter  for  the 
fresh  flowers  of  summer.  But  no  one 
winter  bouquet  should  be  left  around 
too  long  to  gather  dust.  With  that  in 
mind,  collect  a  variety  of  things  so  that 
frequent  changes  may  be  made. 

In  the  Fall,  tall  branches  of  sumac 
or  cattails  may  be  most  strikingly  ar¬ 
ranged  in  an  old  stone  jar  standing  on 
the  floor. 

Wild  clematis,  milkweed  pods,  golden 
rod,  wild  rhubarb  or  dock,  when  gone 
to  seed,  are  all  effective  if  used  in  the 
right  place.  What  is  lovelier  than  bay- 
berry  in  an  old  pewter  teapot  gracing 
an  antique  table  in  the  living  room? 

Teasel  or  milkweed  pods  are  fre¬ 
quently  covered  with  gold  or  silver 
paint  and  combined  with  native  greens 
for  Christmas  decorations.  Personally, 


AUNT  JANET’S 
tf-GAMPute  Recipe. 


WHILE  vegetables  are  plen¬ 
tiful  and  meat  prices  are 
high,  a  good  recipe  for  vegetable 
loaf  will  come  in  handy. 

VEGETABLE  LOAF 


I  egg 

I  cup  cooked  string 
beans,  cut  in  small 
pieces 

I  cup  ground  or  chop. 

ped  raw  carrot 
I  small  onion,  minced 


I  cup  tomatoes, 
canned  or  cooked 
Vi  cup  ground  pea¬ 
nuts 

I  cup  boiled  rice 
Vi  teaspoon  salt 
Pepper 


Beat  the  egg  and  add  to  it  the 
other  ingredients.  Mix  them 
well,  and  turn  into  a  greased  loaf 
tin.  Bake  in  the  oven  (about  350 
to  400°  F.)  until  the  mixture  is 
firm.  Remove  the  loaf  to  a  hot 
platter,  garnish  with  bacon  curls 
and  serve. 


FRIENDSHIP 

By  Anne  Murry  Movius. 

For  those  who  seek 
My  lowly  door, 

Within  a  friendly  cup 
I  pour 

The  wine  of  friendship 
From  my  store 
Of  simple  things, 

That  those  who  come 
Will  find  a  glow 
To  lift  their  hearts, 

And  know 

The  joy  of  friendly 

Feeling, 

And  words  that 
Overflow  with  healing. 


I  prefer  either  in  the  natural  state. 
Teasel  as  found  along  the  roadside  and 
in  fields,  if  placed  in  a  tall  pottery  vase 
the  right  color  for  the  room  in  which 
used,  can  be  most  pleasing. 

Another  interesting  and  unusual  win¬ 
ter  bouquet  may  be  made  up  of  culti¬ 
vated  thistles  which  often  grow  to 
amazing  height  and  size.  They  look  al¬ 
most  the  same  in  winter  as  when  grow¬ 
ing  in  the  yard  in  summer. 

Hydrangeas  —  found  in  many  home 
yards — dry  well  for  large  bouquets. 

If  you  are  interested  in  nature  and 
enjoy  this  sort  of  collecting,  it’s  wise 
to  begin  cutting  the  weeds  you  desire 
as  soon  as  they  start  going  to  seed. 
It’s  fun  finding  new  and  different  ones, 
too. 

If  a  storeroom  or  basement  is  avail¬ 
able — and  free  from  dust — all  such  sup¬ 
plies  may  be  stored  there  as  gathered. 
Then  when  something  is  needed  for  a 
particular  spot  in  the  house  this  win¬ 
ter,  it  may  be  taken  and  later  returned 
to  be  used  again  and  again. 

But  at  the  sign  of  the  first  pussy 
willows,  hepatica,  iris  or  dogwood  in 
the  Spring,  substitute  those  for  your 
dried  material,  which  should  be  all 
thrown  out. 

—a.  a. — 

FALL  FASHIONS 

New  fall  and  winter  fashions — slim 
silhouette,  dramatic  drapery,  brief 
jackets,  the  peg-top  skirt  —  all  are 
shown  in  the  new  Fall-Winter  Fashion 
Book. 

Furthermore  this  new  book  shows 
how  you  can  plan 
your  clothing  to  spend 
as  little  and  save  as 
much  as  you  can,  just 
the  sort  of  thing  all 
patriotic  women  want 
to  do  to  hasten  Vic¬ 
tory.  Other  sugges¬ 
tions  which  you  will 
appreciate  in  this  de¬ 
lightful  new  Fashion  Book  are:  moth- 
er-and-daughter  fashions,  Christmas 
toys,  cute  clothes  for  the  baby-to-come, 
and  right  clothes  for  the  mother-in¬ 
waiting.  Then  there  are  clothes  for  the 
larger  woman,  for  the  homemaker,  for 
those  of  school  and  college  age.  In  fact, 
there  is  no  “Forgotten  Woman”  on 
these  pages. 

You’ll  spend  pleasant  hours  with  the 
Fall-Winter  Fashion  Book  which  you 
may  obtain  by  sending  12c  in  coin  or 
stamps  to  Pattern  Dept.,  American 
Agriculturist,  10  North  Cherry  St., 
Poughkeepsie,  New  York.  Or  send  25c 
for  a  Fashion  Book  and  a  pattern  of 
your  own  choosing. 

— a.  a. — 

Pickled  Reels  1942  Style 

By  “H.  R.” 

Boil  small  uniform  beets  until  tender, 
slip  off  skins,  pack  in  hot  sterilized 
quart  cans.  Add  1  teaspoon  salt,  3 
tablespoons  corn  syrup,  a  blade  of  mace 
and  a  whole  clove  to  each  quart.  Fill 
with  a  mixture  of  y3  boiling  water  and 
%  boiling  vinegar  and  seal. 


(484)  18 


American  Agriculturist,  August  29,  1942 


Kernels,  Screenings 

0 

and  Chaff 

By  H.  E.  BABCOCK 


ONE  OF  the  pleasures  of  writing 
a  page  like  this  is  that  every¬ 
thing  said  here  is  subject  to 
challenge.  If  I  make  a  mis¬ 
take  in  figuring,  I  get  several  letters 
calling  my  attention  to  the  fact.  If  I 
tell  a  too-tall  story,  someone  is  sure  to 
question '  jt. 

By  and  large,  I  have  to  be  pretty 
accurate,  particular  anyway,  when  I 
write  about  farm  practices  because  the 
men  who  work  on  the  farms  with  me 
all  read  the  paper  and  there  isn’t  one 
of  them  who  would  hesitate  to  call  my 
attention  to  an  error  or  a  misstate¬ 
ment. 

Partly  to  show  the  range  of  critic¬ 
isms  and  suggestions  which  come  in 
and  partly  to  get  the  record  one  hun¬ 
dred  per  cent  straight,  I  am  presenting 
some  corrections  and  comments  on 
what  has  appeared  here  this  summer. 

WILTED  HAY 

R.  D.  Lewis,  Associate  in  Agronomy 
at  the  Ohio  State  University,  says 
that  he  and  his  associates  always  read 
the  page  and  he  makes  the  following 
comment  on  the  moisture  lost  when 
hay  is  wilted.  Dr.  Lewis  writes: 

“On  page  20  of  the  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  for  June  20,  you  state,  ‘In 
addition,  I  favor  wilting  because  our 
moisture  tests  show  that  our  fresh  cut 
hay  contains  over  80  per  cent  moisture 
while  around  67  per  cent  is  considered 
ideal  for  making  silage.  I  can  see  no 
point  in  hauling  10  or  15  per  cent  more 
tonnage  than  is  necessary.’ 

“I  would  call  attention  to  the  fact 
that  actually  there  is  a  loss  of  39.4 
per  cent  of  the  water  in  drying  forage 
containing  80  per  cent  of  water  down 
to  the  67  per  cent  moisture  point.  The 
calculation  may  be  illustrated  as  fol¬ 
lows:  One  ton  of  fresh  cut  hay  having 
80  per  cent  moisture  contains  1600 
pounds  of  water  and  400  pounds  of  dry 
matter.  When  reduced  to  67  per  cent 
moisture,  the  original  400  pounds  of 
dry  matter  are  still  there,  but  now 
constitute  33  per  cent  (100-67)  of  the 
total  weight.  Hence,  the  total  weight 
now  is  1212  pounds;  hence,  the  loss  in 
water  has  been  788  pounds  (2000-1212) 
or  39.4  per  cent  of  the  original  2000 
pounds.  As  this  comment  supports  one 
of  the  reasons  you  give  for  partial 
wilting,  I  presume  to  call  it  to  your 
attention.” 

BIRDSFOOT  TREFOIL 

Dr.  J.  K.  Wilson,  Soil  Microbiologist 
of  the  Department  of  Agronomy  at  Cor¬ 
nell  University,  comments  on  my  pub¬ 
lished  observations  on  the  growth 
habits  of  birdsfoot  trefoil  as  follows: 

“In  ‘Kernels,  Screenings  and  Chaff’ 
for  August  1  you  have  a  few  para¬ 
graphs  on  birdsfoot  trefoil.  In  these 
you  refer  to  the  condition  of  certain 
plants  in  your  new  seedings  and  say 
that  side  by  side  will  be  husky  dark 
green  plants  and  yellow  spindly  ones, 
and  make  the  query,  ‘Can  this  differ¬ 
ence  be  due  to  the  lack  of  inoculation?’ 

“You  have  observed  what  we  have 
encountered  at  one  time  or  another  in 
nearly  every  new  seeding  we  have  ex¬ 


amined.  The  exact  causes  for  this 
variation  are  not  known.  In  some 
cases  the  spindly  and  yellow  appear¬ 
ance  of  the  plants  when  found  in  the 
early  spring,  is  associated  with  heav¬ 
ing  of  the  plants  by  frost.  In  such 
cases  an  examination  will  reveal 
nodules  on  the  roots.  At  least  this 
has  been  our  observation. 

“In  cases  where  the  seedlings  have 
not  gone  through  a  winter,  spindly  and 
yellow  plants  side  by  side  may  also 
be  found.  Some  of  these  may  not  bear 
nodules  but  most  of  them  will,  since 
plants  may  bear  nodules  and  subse¬ 
quently  lose  them  due  to  a  variety  of 
factors.  Those  not  bearing  nodules  on 
examination,  may  have  possessed  them 
previously.  Also  those  yellow  plants 
which  show  nodules  may  have  new 
ones,  which  have  not  yet  brought  about 
a  change  of  color  of  the  plants  from 
yellow  to  green.  Attempts  to  obtain 
further  information  on  this  condition 
were  made  this  spring  but  no  such 
plants  were  found  in  the  seeding  ex¬ 
amined.  Perhaps  it  is  related  to  mois¬ 
ture,  for  a  deficiency  of  moisture  will 
cause  the  plants  to  shed  their  nodules. 
From  our  observations  such  a  condition 
does  not  appear  to  be  due  to  a  lack  of 
the  proper  bacteria  in  the  soil.” 

NEW  LEGUMES 

Dean  Carl  Ladd  of  the  New  York 
State  College  of  Agriculture  is  the  per¬ 
son  who  originally  interested  me  in 
both  ladino  clover  and  birdsfoot  tre¬ 
foil.  After  reading  what  I  had  to  say 
about  these  legumes  recently,  he  writes 
as  follows: 

“I  have  read  your  article  in  the 
American  Agriculturist  on  birdsfoot 
trefoil  and  ladino  clover.  I  like  the 
statement  very  much  and  my  observa¬ 
tion  is  substantially  in  line  with  yours. 
I  might  emphasize  several  points 
which  you  have  not  mentioned  or  only 
lightly  touched: 

1.  Ladino  requires  more  lime  than 
birdsfoot  trefoil.  There  is  probably  an 
opportunity  to  produce  good  birdsfoot 
trefoil  on  land  where  it  would  be  diffi¬ 
cult  to  get  a  good  stand  of  ladino 
Without  considerable  expenditure  for 
lime  and  fertilizer. 

2.  Ladino  is  much  more  easily  and 
more  quickly  established  than  birdsfoot 
trefoil.  The  first  seedings  of  birdsfoot 
nearly  always  look  disappointing  but 
ordinarily  thicken  in  later  years.  La¬ 
dino  apparently  looks  about  as  good 
the  hirst  year  as  it  ever  will. 

3.  I  would  emphasize  the  possibility 
of  late  cutting  of  birdsfoot  trefoil  for 
hay  and  yet  getting  a  good  quality.  As 
you  know,  we  need  very  badly  a  suc¬ 
cession  of  legumes  that  will  enable  us 
to  harvest  high  quality  hay  over  a 
longer  season. 

4.  If  alfalfa  grows  well  on  a  farm, 
neither  birdsfoot  trefoil  nor  ladino  can 
compete  with  it  as  the  hay  crop  on 
that  farm.  I  am  inclined  to  think  the 
same  is  true  if  used  as  silage  crops. 
Of  course,  this  may  not  be  right. 

5.  For  pasture,  probably  either 
birdsfoot  trefoil  or  ladino  is  superior 
to  alfalfa.  They  will  stand  more  pun¬ 
ishment. 

6.  Ladino  looks  so  much  like  wild 
white  that  it  should  be  kept  in  mind 
that  ladino  will  not  stand  the  close 


grazing  that  wild  white  will. 

7.  Birdsfoot  trefoil  has  the  ability  to 
spread  rapidly  through  manure  if  al¬ 
lowed  to  seed  before  feeding.  In  fact, 
this  has  probably  been  the  mo'st  suc¬ 
cessful  way  of  securing  a  stand  up  to 
the  present  time.” 

GRASS  PULLETS 

A  good  many  farmer  readers  also 
write  in,  as  did  Marshall  Monagle.  Mr. 
Monagle  challenged  my  net  cost  of  56.8 
cents  per  pullet  for  raising  400  pullets. 
He  said  that  he  was  raising  about  2000 
pullets  and  that  they  were  on  grass 
range  but  that  he  could  not  approach 
my  cost  figure  and  that  he  thought  my 
figure  gave  an  unfair  impression.  Mr. 
Monagle  is  right.  I  know  now  that  my 
figure  was  unduly  low  because  the 
birds  did  not  count  out.  The  boys  on 
the  farm,  however,  contend  that  the 
count  was  there  when  we  took  the  first 
lot  of  birds  out.  They  suspect  that 
some  two  or  four  legged  varmint  help¬ 
ed  himself  to  a  considerable  number  of 
birds  during  the  last  two  or  three 
weeks  they  were  on  range. 

All  in  all,  the  cost  per  bird  is  now 
shrouded  in  so  many  uncertainties  that 
we  had  better  forget  all  about  it  ex¬ 
cept  the  point  I  tried  to  make,  which 
is  that  a  good  grass  range  cuts  down 


tremendously  on  the  cost  of  raising  a 
big,  strong,  healthy  pullet. 

*  *  ^ 

IIOGS  REPLACED 

We  did  even  better  on  our  second 
lot  of  hogs  to  Buffalo  than  we  did  on 
our  first.  They  had  a  strong  market 
and  sold  at  $15.90  per  cwt.  They  av¬ 
eraged  197  lbs. 

Possibly  we  marketed  our  hogs  a 
little  too  light  this  year.  Apparently, 
however,  from  the  way  they  topped  the 
market  we  had  about  the  weight  the 
buyers  wanted. 

On  the  day  we  shipped  the  last  of 
our  spring  pigs,  the  six  gilts  on  which 
we  have  depended  for  part  of  our  fall 
pig  crop  presented  us  with  our  replace¬ 
ments.  These  replacements  are  now 
on  beautiful  alfalfa  and  ladino  clover 
pasture  with  their  mothers  and  are 
literally  growing  like  weeds. 

By  the  time  we  put  them  into  the 
barn  along  with  between  40  and  50 
heifer  calves  from  the  Southwest,  they 
should  be  good'  big  pigs.  In  a  warm, 
dry  basement  with  plenty  of  fresh 
water  and  a  self-feeder  to  run  to  at 
will,  they  should  continue  to  grow  like 
weeds  and  be  ready  for  market  about 
the  time  the  run  on  the  1942  spring 
pig  crop  is  over. 


DOWN  MEXICO  WAY 

By  H.  E.  Babcock,  Jr. 


Monday,  August  17,  we  will  start  our 
fourth  cutting  of  hay  for  this  year.  I 
am  still  undecided  just  how  to  handle 
this  cutting  to  get  a  maximum  of  qual¬ 
ity  and  color.  Our  experiences  in  the 
past  on  this  matter  have  been  varied 
and  as  yet  we  have  drawn  no  conclu¬ 
sions  as  to  the  best  method  of  hand¬ 
ling  hay. 

FIRST  CUTTING 

The  first  cutting  of  hay  here  is  al¬ 
ways  extra  fine  and  extra  leafy.  Cli¬ 
matic  conditions  are  ideal,  as  a  rule, 
to  permit  almost  any  plan  to  work  in 
getting  this  hay  up  in  good  condition. 

SECOND  CUTTING 

As  we  started  our  second  cutting,  for 
various  reasons  I  made  a  very  careful 
attempt  to  put  up  what  we  hoped  would 
be  the  best  quality  hay  ever  put  up  on 
the  farm.  In  this  we  failed,  but  I  do 
think  that  I  know  no\y  wherein  the 
trouble  lay. 

We  cut  the  hay  in  just  past  the  early 
bloom  stage,  according  to  the  recom¬ 
mendations  of  the  experts.  The  plants 
were  one-third  to  one-half  blossomed 
out.  The  hay  was  then  allowed  to  cure 
in  the  swath  one  day  and  was  raked 
with  the  dew  on  the  next  morning.  It 
was  unusually  hot  and  sunny  while  we 
were  making  this  cutting  and  the  hay 
dried  rapidly  in  swath,  and  could  be 
raked  only  for  a  few  hours  each  morn¬ 
ing  without  losing  leaves. 

Second  cutting  here  is  very  coarse 
and  long  stemmed  with  a  minimum  of 
leaves.  Once  we  got  the  hay  in  the 
windrow,  the  leaves  dried  out  to  such 
an  extent  that  we  could  not  turn  the 
windrows  without  losing  more  of  the 
precious  leaves,  but  the  stems  stub¬ 
bornly  refused  to  dry.  It  was  neces¬ 
sary,  therefore,  to  leave  the  hay  in  the 
windrow  for  two  and  one  half  days, 
cooking  in  the  hot  sun.  As  a  result  we 
discolored  the  tops  of  the  windrows 
badly.  The  resultant  bales,  although 
carrying  most  of  the  leaves,  were 
streaked  with  brown. 

THIRD  CUTTING 

In  a  further  effort  to  improve  our 
haying  method  we  cut  our  third  cutting 
before  blooming.  This  hay  was  coarse 
but  short  stemmed  and  well  leaved  and 
looked  good  enough  to  eat  when  it  was 
cut.  We  raked  this  hay  the  same  day 


it  was  cut,  as  soon  as  it  had  wilted 
sufficiently  to  allow  us  to  rake  it. 

By  raking  the  hay  nearly  green,  we 
held  enough  moisture  in  the  windrow 
to  allow  us  to  turn  it  without  great 
loss  of  leaves.  However,  the  hay  again 
stubbornly  refused  to  cure  to  baling 
point  as  rapidly  as  we  had  hoped,  and 
because  of  its  very  tenderness  it  burn¬ 
ed  easily  in  the  hot  sun.  Again  we  had 
most  of  the  leaves,  but  streaky  bales. 

CONCLUSIONS 

These  conclusions  are  subject  to 
change  without  notice  as  are  any  hay¬ 
ing  plans.  While  we  were  going  through 
the  above  methods  of  trying  to  make 
good  hay,  the  field  upon  which  the 
sheep  had  been  pastured  finally  got 
ready  to  cut.  By  the  time  all  of  it  was 
ready,  as  a  result  of  uneven  grazing, 
some  of  the  hay  had  passed  into  the 
seed  stage.  For  quality  in  the  field  it 
would  have  to  be  classed  low.  However, 
much  to  our  surprise,  there  was  no¬ 
thing  we  could  do  to  hurt  the  color  of 
this  hay.  When  it  became  apparent 
that  it  was  not  going  to  discolor  easily 
we  left  some  in  the  swath  and  some 
in  the  windrow  for  an  experiment. 
After  five  days,  it  began  finally  to  show 
some  discoloration  on  top  but  it  baled 
without  streaking. 

In  our  fourth  cutting  I  am  now  go¬ 
ing  back  to  the  method  of  handling 
the  second  cutting  to  give  this  method 
another  chance.  As  the  sun  has  cooled 
some  and  daily  temperatures  are  not 
.so  high,  I  believe  that  this  method 
will  work. 

Next  year,  since  conditions  are  most 
favorable  during  first  cutting  I  am  go¬ 
ing  to  cut  this  as  the  first  blossoms 
show  and  attempt  to  get  some  really 
choice  hay  out  of  this  cutting.  The 
second  and  third  cuttings  will  be  allow¬ 
ed  to  reach  quite  full  maturity  before 
they  are  cut.  It  is  hoped  that  in  this 
stage  the  stems  will  have  started  to 
dry  some  while  they  are  still  standing, 
and  will  cure  more  rapidly  and  with 
less  burning.  From  our  experience 
with  the  over  mature  hay  this  year,  I 
believe  that  this  will  hold  out. 

I  will  report  later  our  experience 
with  fourth  cutting  this  year.  As  the 
rainy  season  is  just  starting,  we  may 
lose  our  luck  and  have  nothing  to  re¬ 
port  other  than  that  all  the  hay  w&s 
damaged  by  rain. — August  15,  19^2- 


American  Agriculturist,  August  29,  1942 


1 9  (485) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 

Jl.  JH,  CoAltiie 


The  North  Americah  Check 
Has  Just  Arrived 


A.  C.  BERNINGER,  GHENT,  N.  Y.  —  gets  his  North 
American  Accident  Insurance  Company  check  for  the 
time  he  was  laid  up  unable  to  work  following  his 
accident. 

This  is  the  way  the  accident  happened,  according  to  Mr.  Berninger 
— “I  was  out  on  a  construction  job  checking  up  on  a  big  shovel. 
Coming  back,  a  trailor-truck  crashed  into  my  car  at  Brick  Tavern 
Four  Corners.  The  impact  broke  four  of  my  ribs  and  cut  me  up 
bad.  I  crawled  out  of  the  car  and  a  young  fellow  helped  me  get  to 
the  gas  station.  This  is  my  first  accident  after  having  driven  a 
car  for  25  years.” 

BENEFITS  RECENTLY  PAID 


“I  gave  some  bad  accounts  to  an  agent 
for  a  New  York  City  collection  agency. 
I  have  received  several  letters  saying 
they  have  been  having  excellent  success, 
but  they  have  sent  no  money.  I  wrote 
them,  but  have  not  received  a  report.” 

Too  often,  in  such  cages,  the  creditor 
gets  little  or  nothing.  Here  are  the 
reasons:  first,  most  collection  agencies 
charge  a  listing  fee  of  $1.00  or  more 
for  each  account  that  is  handled.  This 
is  deducted,  of  course,  from  accounts 
collected  before  the  creditor  gets  a 
check.  Second,  contracts  with  collec¬ 
tion  agencies  usually  provide  that  they 
get  their  fees  for  any  accounts  paid 
directly  to  the  creditor,  and  they  refuse 
to  make  an  accounting  until  they  get 
a  report  of  payment  on  such  accounts. 
When  such  an  accounting  is  sent  them, 
they  may  report  showing  that  their 
fees  plus  the  listing  fees  are  just  about 
equal  to  the  money  they  collected. 

Obviously,  the  right  answer  is  to  go 
slow  on  signing  your  name  to  any 
agreement.  If  you  read  the  agreement 
carefully,  and  understand  the  situation 
fully,  we  doubt  if  you  will  sign  it  at 
all. 

—  A.  A. — 

FORCE 

“The  man  who  owes  me  money  is  able 
to  pay.  There  must  be  some  way  to  force 
him  to  settle  this  account.  I  need  the 
money  very  badly.” 

In  this  case,  it  is  true  that  the  debtor 
could  pay,  but  he  disputes  the  correct¬ 
ness  of  the  bill,  and  refuses  to  settle. 
There  is  just  one  way  to  force  pay¬ 
ment;  that  is  to  start  civil  suit  to  re¬ 
cover  the  amount.  If  this  is  done,  if 
the  case  is  won,  and  if  the  debtor  has 
property  against  which  a  judgment 
could  be  collected,  he  will  have  to  pay. 

— A-a.— 

"CANCELLED?” 

“I  ordered  some  nursery  stock  from  an 
agent  who  came  to  the  house  and  then 
found  I  would  not  be  able  to  pay  for  it. 
I  asked  that  the  order  be  cancelled. 
They  ignored  my  request  and  shipped  the 
order ;  I  refused  to  accept  it,  and  now 
they  are  trying  to  collect  the  full  amount 
and  are  threatening  suit.” 

This  situation  is  all  too  common.  It 
comes  because  customers  do  not  realize 
that  when  they  sign  an  order,  they  are 
really  signing  a  contract  with  a  clause 
saying  it  cannot  be  cancelled.  That 
makes  it  important  to  be  sure  you 
want  the  stock  and  can  pay  for  it  be¬ 


Recont  Claims  Settled  l»y 
the  Service  Bureau 


NEW  YORK 

Mr.  F,  w.  Peabody.  Cold  Brook _  $10.50 

(Settlement  on  chicks) 

Mr.  Maurice  McCormick,  lava  Center -  2.00 

(Adjustment  on  chicks) 

Mr.  R.  E.  Napoli.  Pattersonville  _  (4.00 

(Adjustment  on  pis  ordered) 

Mr.  B.  Jordan  Pulver,  Pine  Plains _  2.50 

.  (Claim  settled) 

Mr.  Harry  Georgen,  Troy _ _ _ —  110.00 

(Adjustment  on  baby  chicks) 

Mr.  Arthur  Clemons.  Holland  Patent -  15.48 

(Claim  settled) 

Mrs.  Jessie  Baldwin.  Northville__i.___ _  9.00 

(Adjustment  on  chicks) 

Mr.  Stanton  Warner.  Altamont _ _ _  1-78 

(Settlement  on  seeds) 

Mr.  Ray  Knowles,  Campbell _ ..... _  57.18 

(Adjustment  on  mail  order) 

Mr.  C.  E.  Saunders,  Alfred  Station _  65.00 

(Claim  settled) 

MAINE 

Mr.  Merle  Jillson.  Madison _ _ _ _ _  38.20 

(Settlement  on  seeds) 

Mr.  Oliver  E.  Hall,  Skowhegan _ _  8.30 

(Ticket  refund) 

VERMONT 

Mrs.  D.  E.  Whitteniore,  Pittsford _ _ _  6.15 

(Adjustment  on  repair  order) 

...  NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

Miss  Rose  Lessard,  Manchester _ _ _ _  70.47 

(Pay  for  eggs  shipped) 

PENNSYLVANIA 

Me  L.  W.  Welch.  Springville _ _  4.86 

(Settlement  on  mail  order) 

CONNECTICUT 

Mr.  Joseph  Dwonszyk,  South  Coventry......  10.00 

^(Adjustment  on  chicks) 

mr-  Joseph  Lesniah,  Willimantic _ _ _  2.80 

(■Refund  on  order) 


fore  you  give  the  order. 

If  you  can  convince  a  company  you 
have  a  real  reason  for  cancelling,  they 
will  sometimes  accept  it.  Quite  often, 
they  take  the  attitude  that  the  custom¬ 
er  has  merely  changed  his  mind,  and 
try  to  collect  the  full  amount. 

—a.  a. — 

OLD  LOINS 

“I  have  some  old  coins.  Can  you  give 
me  the  name  and  address  of  some  com¬ 
pany  that  will  buy  them?” 

There  are  a  number  of  companies 
dealing  in  old  coins.  However  it  is  prob¬ 
able  that  many  of  them  make  as  much 
or  more  money  from  the  sale  of  cata¬ 
logues  than  they  do  by  dealing  in  coins. 
Probably,  it  would  be  too  much  to  ex¬ 
pect  that  these  companies  would  ap¬ 
praise  coins  without  charge.  It  is  prob¬ 
able  that  your  coins  are  not  worth 
much  more  than  face  value.  The  value 
of  old  coins  is  determined  by  their  scar¬ 
city. 

I  am  sending  you  the  name  of  a  com¬ 
pany  from  which  you  can  get  a  cata¬ 
logue  if  you  are  interested  in  old  coins. 
Chances  are,  however,  that  the  value  of 
any  you  may  have  will  not  be  great. 

— a.  a. — 

CLEANER 

UNSATISFACTORY 

“Recently,  an  agent  who  called  herself 
Mrs.  Burch,  came  to  our  church  group 
and  presented  a  scheme  for  making 
money  by  selling  American  Cleaner.  She 
demonstrated  the  product,  and  we  order¬ 
ed  some.  She  wrote  on  the  back  of  the 
receipt  if  we  were  not  satisfied  or  could 
not  sell  it,  we  would  get  our  money  back. 
She  says  she  is  from  Syracuse,  and  the 
only  address  for  the  American  Cleaner 
Company  is  New  York  City.  The  clean¬ 
er  is  not  keeping,  and  is  gathering  damp¬ 
ness  and  getting  mildewed.  If  you  could 
locate  her,  we  would  like  to  have  her 
live  up  to  guarantee.” 

We  have  had  several  similar  letters. 
We  mentioned  that  fact  on  the  Service 
Bureau  Page  of  the  December  20  issue 
of  American  Agriculturist ■  We  issued 
the  warning  at  that  time  that  letters 
sent  to  Mrs.  Burch  at  addresses  given 
us  had  been  returned  unclaimed.  Mean¬ 
while,  we  are  giving  you  this  addition¬ 
al  record  for  your  guidance. 

— a.  a. — 

"SECOND  HAND” 

“I  saw  an  advertisement  of  a  New  York 
City  firm  dealing  with  second  hand  cloth¬ 
ing.  I  sent  an  order,  but  when  I  received 
it,  the  clothing  was  not  at  all  what  I  ex¬ 
pected.  It  came  C.  O.  D.  I  sent  it  back 
but  have  not,  as  yet,  received  a  refund.” 

A  letter  to  the  concern  in  question 
brought  a  refund  to  our  readers.  We 
cannot  recommend  dealing  with  firms 
that  deal  in  mail  order  second  hand 
clothing.  There  is  no  standard  of  qual¬ 
ity,  and  a  number  of  letters  from  read¬ 
ers  expressed  disappointing  results. 

— a.  a.  — 

Any  subscriber  who  knows  the  pres¬ 
ent  address  of  Robert  Lee  Fell  can  do 
us  a  favor  if  he  or  she  will  give  this 
information  to  American  Agriculturist, 
Box  367,  Ithaca,  New  York.  The  last 
news  we  had  of  this  young  man  was 
that  he  was  working  on  a  farm  at 
Hampstead.  Maryland,  and  it  is  quite 
probable  that  he  is  now  working  on  a 
farm  somewhere  in  the  Northeast.  He 
is  described  as  6  ft.  2  in.  tall,  weighing 
162  lbs  ,  has  dark  hair,  has  two  middle 
upper  teeth  on  a  bridge,  and  is  in¬ 
clined  to  stammer  when  he  gets  excited. 

Buy  War  Bonds  and  Stamps 


Olive  E.  Zepp,  Dolgeville,  N.  Y - - — $  60.00 

Auto  accident — -sprained  ankle,  cont.  hip 

Ida  L.  Gillett,  Est.,  So.  Byron,  N.  Y - *  53.57 

Auto  accident — injuries  caused  death 

Marjorie  Cargill,  95  Park  St.,  Malone,  N.  Y.  20.00 

Auto  accident — strained  ankle,  bruised  leg 

Lulu  G.  Smith,  R.  I,  Himrod,  N.  Y .  20.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  back  and  arms 

Jos.  Fedczyszyn,  Est..  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.  1000.00 

Auto  hit  by  train — mortuary 

Ray  H.  Silvernail,  Dolgeville.  N.  Y -  12.86 

Auto  accident — bruised  hip  and  arm 

George  F.  Stevens.  Owego,  N.  Y -  130.00 

Bus  accident — 

Anna  E.  Dickinson,  Silver  Creek,  N.  Y —  50.00 

Auto  collision — bruised  leg 

Ira  J.  Hill.  R.  4,  Fredonia,  N.  Y . — *  65.00 

Auto  accident — frac.  patella 

William  D.  Reimels,  Hicksville,  N.  Y. -  130.00 

Auto  accident — frac.  tibia  and  fibula 

Harold  R.  Doddemeade,  R.  2.  Corfu,  N.  Y.  130.00 

Hit  by  auto — severely  lacerated  knees 

Jane  L.  Fisher,  Holcomb,  N.  Y -  60.00 

Auto  accident — broken  arm 

Fred  V.  Murdock,  R.  I,  Madrid,  N.  Y. _  70.00 

Wagon  accident — amputated  finger 

Pearl  Robinson,  Moravia.  N.  Y _  10.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  spine 

Charles  Juhrs,  Kendall,  N.  Y. _ _ _  2.86 

Auto  accident — bruised  arm 

Minnie  Juhrs,  Kendall,  N.  Y -  4.28 


Auto  accident — cut  gum  and  broken  teeth 


Winifred  W.  Murray,  Winthrop,  N.  Y -  10.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  back,  cut  face 

Howard  Stone,  Est.,  Brooktondale,  N.  Y. _ 1000.00 

Auto  collision — mortuary 

U.  M.  Bennett,  Est.,  Barton,  N.  Y _ *  500.00 

Auto  collision — mortuary 

R.  S.  Mosher,  Est.,  St.  Johnsville,  N.  Y—  (000.00 

Car  overturned — mortuary 

Frank  L.  Smith.  Voorheesville,  N.  Y. _  20.00 

Auto  accident — cut  elbow 

Homer  F.  Patnaude,  Amherst,  Mass -  70.00 

Auto  accident— broken  jaw,  cut  nose 

Eileen  E.  Kennedy,  Holyoke,  Mass -  80.00 

Auto  accident — cut  knee  and  back 

Hyman  Wolf,  Dorchester.  Mass.  _  10.00 

Auto  accident — cuts  and  bruised  chest 

Robert  C.  Bell,  Fryeburg,  Me -  30.00 

Wagon  accident — inj.  shoulder,  cut  face 

Amos  0.  Heikkinen,  R.  I,  Oxford,  Me -  40.00 

Auto  accident — cut  eye  and  leg 

Wendall  L.  Ketchum,  Norridgewock,  Me _  18.57 

Truck  accident — inj.  back,  cut  finger 

John  A.  Walker,  Gilman.  Vt _  130.00 

Wagon  accident— bruised  hip 
Mrs.  Rita  Ramsay,  Flemington,  N.  J -  130.00 

Auto  accident — frac.  wrist,  internal  injuries 

Leslie  L.  Ellsworth,  Meshopen,  Pa _  21.43 

Auto  accident — punctured  lip 

Victor  A.  Warner,  R.  2,  Gillett.  Pa _  20.00 

Wagon  accident — bruised  back 
James  D.  Beck,  R.  I,  Liberty,  Pa _  4.28 

Auto  accident — cut  face  and  knees 


Ubald  Beanlien,  4  Chuch  St..  Gonic,  N.  H.  18.57 

Auto  accident — bruised  shoulders  and  head 


$726,318.87 

has  been  paid  to  10,288  policyholders 

fCe&p.  tyoMA,  Policy  Reei  euieA 


;  \'-A  •*  :•  ..  y:‘ 

North  American  Accident" 


Co 


Oldest  and  Carfest  Sxclusive'Jfealtl)  and Occident  OomRany^fn  vflrnifrioi*'' 

N.  A. ASSOCIATES  DEPARTMENT  -  I  Poughkeepsie.  n.yx 


BE  ORGANIZED  and  Always 


fcrftf16**’ 

\Yar°ed 

iesabote' 
...  eftorts 


SS# 

rss 


Published  by  THE  THOUSANDS  OF  FARMERS  WHO  OWN,  OPERATE  AND  CONTROL  THE  DAIRYMEN'S  LEAGUE 


ON  GUARD! 


Since  1790 — almost  as  long  as  this  nation  has  existed — 
the  organization  now  known  as  the  Coast  Guard  has  watched 
the  shores  of  America.  Catching  Nazi  saboteurs  was  never 
considered  part  of  its  duties.  Yet  when  a  German  submarine 
stealthily  put  saboteurs  ashore  at  night  on  a  lonely  coast, 
a  Coastguardsman  was  there  to  ask,  "What  goes  on  here?" 
That's  because  the  Coast  Guard  as  an  organized  force  is 
always  ready  to  act  .  .  .  and  to  meet  any  danger.  And  that's 
been  the  history  of  cooperative  farm  organizations,  too. 


coast 

there’ 


luV°eSstreo^  -Ss"— ^  *** 

Y°dr  on  &uard\  ,he  VsVVOn’ 
me«  with  the  h 


SEPTEMBER  12,  1942 


% 

■m 


Ameri  can 

RICULTURIST 


FOUNDED  1842 


THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


(3)  An  American  farm  family  — 

The  best  crop  of  all ,  typifying  the 
freedom,  and  initiative  which  present  sacri¬ 
fices  will  preserve  for  future  generations. 


(6)  The  Northeast  is  outstanding  as  a 
great  potato  producing  region.  Aroostook 
County ,  Maine ,  alone  grows  more  than 
ten  per  cent  of  the  nation's  potato  crop . 


(I)  Poultry 
ranks  second 
as  an  income 
producer  on  our 
Northeastern  farms. 


(  2  )  For  flavor  and  aroma , 
Northeastern  apples  lead 
the  world . 


(4)  Good  cows , 
good  equipment , 
and  good  feed  plus 
good  dairymen  spell 
maximum  production 

I 


(5)  Corn  in  the  silo  now 
-means  milk  next  winter • 


SEPT.  12 


19  4  2 


— jpMj 


ffllllflp: 


T/>^  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative  is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


Besides  the  hay ,  silage,  and  grain  you  have  in 
your  cows  will  probably  get  a  dairy  ration  made 
of  the  following  ingredients: 


your  barn , 
from  some 


INGREDIENT 


>*■: 


Ground  Soybeans 
Corn  D isfi Hers '  Dried  Gra ins 
Crushed  Wheat 
Hominy  Feed  fk  Corn  Meal 
Coro  Meal 
Soybean  Gil  Meal 
Ground  Barley 

' 

Linseed  Oil  Meal 
Gluten  Feed 
Brewers’  Dried  Grains 
Chopped  Alfalfa 
Molasses 


PROTEIN 


12 

9.5 

9 

1 

12 


32-37 


24 


11-13 

3 


FAT 


1 

0 


lilili 


1724 


1700 


2 


4.5  1  1 

. 1658 

4 

:  l 

1612 

1610 


1574 


1568 


1552 


1304 

1000 

1132 


Dairy  Feed 
Ingredients 
Available, 
Fall  1942 


pa 

fill 

ill 


■  ■■■ • 

mm 


pi  i 

5  I  ' 

1  ti 

mmm 


Listed  in  order  of 
T.D.N.  value  {lbs. 
of  Total  Digestible 
Nutrients  per  ton). 


Uli 


HIGH 

MEDIUM 

LOW 


To  make  a  balanced  feed  at  the  lowest  possible 
cost — not  just  today,  but  day-in-and-day-out 
— it  is  necessary  to  understand  nutrition;  to  know 
supplies;  to  keep  in  touch  with  market  conditions 
every  day. 

Your  cooperative  dairy  feed  service  does  that. 
The  means  of  doing  it  is  the  flexible  formula. 

If  you  set  out  today  to  make  a  20%  protein, 
4%  fat  feed  from  the  list  givhn  above,  a  feed  that 
would  be  balanced,  highly  digestible',  and  still 
give  you  the  lowest  possible  cost,  you  would  come 
out  pretty  close  to  this  formula: 

520  pounds  Corn  Gluten  Feed 
360  pounds  Linseed  Oil  Meal 
460  pounds  Hominy  Feed  &  Corn  Meal 
140  pounds  Crushed  Wheat 


260  pounds  Brewers’  Dried  Grains 
220  pounds  Corn  Distillers’  Dried  Grains 

Add  40  pounds  of  minerals  and  you  have  the 
formula  for  G.L.F.  Exchange  Dairy. 

A  month  or  two  from  now,  that  formula  will 
still  be  a  good  feed,  but  it  may  not  be  the  best 
buy.  Some  ingredients  that  are  cheap  now  may  be 
higher.  Some  that  are  now  scarce,  may  become 
more  plentiful.  When  that  happens,  it  will  be 
time  to  refigure  the  formula.  Same  list  of  in¬ 
gredients — but  a  little  different  feed. 

That  is  how  the  flexible  formula  system  works. 
It  is  the  best  system  ever  devised  for  feeding 
cows  right  and  feeding  them  cheap.  And  farmers 
own  it 


LESS  MEAT 
FOR  CHICKENS 


The  growing  scarcity 
of  meat  scraps  and  fish 
meal — largely  because 
of  submarine  activity 
off  the  eastern  coast — means  that  less  and 
less  of  these  animal  protein  ingredients  are 
available  for  feeding  chickens.  Beginning 
September  21,  G.L.F.  poultry  mashes  will 
contain  1%  less  meat  scraps  and  l%less 
fish  meal.  This  will  be  offset  by  slightly  in¬ 
creasing  the  soybean  oil  meal  and  dried 
whey  in  the  mashes.  Details  of  the  changes 
will  be  sent  to  all  G.L.F.  poultrymen  by 
mail. 


INSULATE  TO 
SAVE  FUEL 


Price  Administrator 
Leon  Henderson  joins 
Petroleum  Coordinator 
Ickes  in  urging  everyone 
to  plan  now  to  conserve  fuel  this  winter. 
Every  cut  in  fuel  consumption,  regardless 
of  whether  it  is  oil  or  coal,  will  make  a 
saving  in  transportation  Messrs.  Ickes 
and  Henderson  urge  the  use  of  storm  win¬ 
dows  and  storm  doors,  weather  stripping, 
and  insulation. 

It  is  comparatively  cheap  and  simple  to 
insulate  the  attic  floor.  And  since  eighty 
per  cent  of  all  heat  loss  goes  out  through 
the  roof,  the  biggest  insulation  saving  can 
be  made  in  the  attic.  One  of  the  best  in¬ 
sulating  materials,  and  one  of  the  cheapest, 
is  Palco  Wool — the  shredded  bark  of  the 
Redwood  tree. 

This  material  is  plentiful,  and  may  now 
be  obtained  through  G.L.F.  Service 
Agencies. 

DDinDlTirc  No  construction  lumber 

PRIOHITIto  may  now  be  purchased 

Akl  l  llMDCD  except,  on  a  priority  rat- 
UM  LUIViDtK  priority  ratings  will 

be  granted  for  certain  specified  uses  around 
the  farm,  including  construction  of  farm 
machinery  and  livestock  and  poultry 
equipment  .  .  .  storage  facilities  for  agri¬ 
cultural  products  .  .  shelters,  barns,  hen 
houses,  fences,  and  gates  .  .  .  main¬ 
tenance  of  farm  buildings  and  implements. 

Lumber  may  be  used  to  build  boxes, 
crates,  and  other  packages  tor  the  ship¬ 
ment  of  fruits  and  vegetables;  or  for  the 
packaging  of  fresh  meats,  poultry  and 
poultry  products. 


G.L.F.  FARM 

RADIO 

SERVICE 


Daily  Newscasts  W  H  C  U  Ithaca 
Dial  870 

Bert  Hughes  reports  the  news  of  the 
world  with  timely  farm  bulletins 
and  market  reports.  Every  day, 
Monday  through  Friday,  7 :00  A.M., 
7:50  A.M.,  42  Noon,’  6:00  P.M. 
Saturday  7:00,  7:50,  11:45  A.M. 

Farm  &  Home  News  WKBW  Buffalo 
Dial  1520 

Roland  Foley  reports  on  livestock, 
egg,  poultry,  and  produce  markets, 
agricultural  happenings,  farm  meet¬ 
ings,  and  other  news  of  farm  and 
home.  Every  morning  at  7:00, 
Monday  through  Friday. 

The  Farm  Front  Today — 
on  Eight  Stations 

Bert  Hughes  in  a  weekly  analysis 
of  the  news  as  it  affects  farmers. 
Every  Monday  on  these  Stations: 


Watertown 

Rochester 

Syracuse 

Troy 

Bridgeton 

Newburgh 

Scranton 

Buffalo 


WATN 

WHAM 

WSYR 

WTRY 

WSNJ 

WGNY 

WGBI 

WBEN 


12:05  P.M. 
7:12  A.M. 
12:35  P.M. 
12:15  P.M. 
12:30  P.M. 
1:05  P.M. 
7:00  A.M. 
12:50  P.M. 


Cooperative  G.L.F.  Exchange,.  Inc. ..  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


American  Agriculturist,  September  12,  1942 


3  (489) 


John  L.  Lewis 
Attacks  Again 


AT  ITS  ANNUAL  meeting  in 
Utica  on  August  26,  the  Dairy 
Farmers  Union  was  completely 
dissolved  and  absorbed  by  Dis¬ 
trict  50  of  John  L.  Lewis’  United  Mine 
Workers. 

Up  to  then,  the  Dairy  Farmers 
Union,  although  regarded  by  some  as 
somewhat  radical,  was  still  a  farmers’ 
organization,  with  its  officers  elected 
by  dairymen.  It  no  longer  is,  and  its 
members  and  former  leaders  will  find 
that  they  have  less  and  less  to  say 
about  the  policies  which  may  control 
not  only  the  marketing  of  milk  but 
also  conditions  under  which  it  is  pro¬ 
duced  on  the  home  farm.  In  the  list 
of  officers  printed  in  the  United  Dairy 
Farmer,  the  official  dairy  paper  of  the 
United  Mine  Workers,  there  is,  so  far 
as  we  are  able  to  tell,  not  a  single 
farmer.  The  list  is  headed  by  John  L. 
Lewis,  International  President;  O.  E. 
Gasaway,  District  President;  Kathryn 
Lewis,  District  Secretary-Treasurer; 
and  the  District  50  Organizing  Com¬ 
mittee  consists  of  Charles  Fell,  O.  E. 
Gasaway,  John  Kmetz,  Kathryn  Lewis, 
John  J.  Mates,  John  Ghizzoni,  Michael 
F.  Widman,  Jr.,  and  Ralph  H.  Marlatt, 
Director  of  Organization. 

Some  people  thought  that  John  L. 
Lewis  was  licked  in  his  attempt  to  take 
over  dairymen.  We  never  did.  We 

knew  that  we  won  only  the  first  bat¬ 
tle,  not  the  war.  John  L.  Lewis  never 

quits  as  long  as  his  money  and  army 
of  employees  hold  out.  When  the 
farmers  of  the  New  York  milk  shed, 
aroused  by  Lewis’  plans  to  use  them 
as  a  tool  in  his  march  to  power,  united 
in  Free  Farmers  forty  thousand  strong, 
Lewis  simply  stopped,  backed  up,  took 
stock,  made  plans,  and  started  all  over 
again.  So  his  highly  skilled  organiz¬ 
ers,  trained  ift  just  what  to  say  and 
how  to  say  it  to  farmers,  are  busy 
again  in  our  good  old  dairy  neighbor¬ 
hoods.  Also,  the  dissolution  of  the 
Dairy  Farmers  Union  and  its  complete 
domination  now  by  Lewis  will  give  the 
United  Mine  Workers  a  base  from 
which  to  operate,  just  as  the  Japanese 
have  acquired  bases  in  the  Paqific. 

Lewis  also  has  bases  of  one  kind  or 
another  in  practically  every  milk  shed 
in  America. 

Therefore,  farmers  will  need  to  be 

on  guard  more  than  ever  before  if  they 

are  to  maintain  their  independence, 

their  control  of  their  own  business, 

and  prevent  bitter  disappointment  and 

loss  which  will  surely  follow  if  Lewis 

has  his  way. 

If  you  are  indifferent,  or  if  you  think 
there  is  no  danger;  if  you  believe  that 
all  of  us  who  are  trying  to  bring  you 
this  warning  are  just  crying  “Wolf!” 
“Wolf!”,  remember  that  Americans 
had  their  warning  about  the  Japs.  We 
thought  there  was  a  lot  of  “Wolf!” 
“Wolf!”  yelling  then,  but  look  what 
happened.  What  a  world  of  tragedy 
would  have  been  prevented  had  we 
read  and  heeded  the  handwriting  on 
the  wall  that  preceded  the  Japanese 
attack  at  Pearl  Harbor. 

Mr.  Lewis  and  his  associates  un¬ 
doubtedly  have  plenty  of  weapons  for 
fighting  this  campaign.  Supposing,  for 
example,  that  Lewis  is  able  to  organize 
some  of  the  workers  in  the  milk  re¬ 
ceiving  plants.  Supposing  those  work¬ 
ers  then  said  that  they  won’t  take  your 
roilk  unless  you  join  the  union.  Sup¬ 
posing  there  were  a  few  farmers  in 
that  plant  who  had  already  signed  up. 
What  would  you  do  then?  The  an- 


swer  is  that  you  could  do  nothing  as 

an  individual,  but  if  you  had  already 

prepared  for  this  by  signing  up  with 

your  neighbors  to  resist  this  menace, 

you  and  your  neighbors  as  a  group 

could  maintain  your  independence. 

Then  again,  supposing  clever  organ¬ 
izers  talked  to  your  hired  man,  point¬ 
ing  out  to  him  the  comparison  between 
the  wages  he  gets  and  what  some 
union  men  get  in  cities.  There  aren’t 
many  hired  men  left.  There  may  be 
fewer  if  Lewis  comes  into  the  old 
country  neighborhoods.  The  other  day 
a  Lewis  man  emphatically  denied  any 
intention  of  organizing  farm  hired 
men,  but  in  the  last  issue  of  their  offi¬ 
cial  publication,  the  United  Dairy 
Farmer,  one  of  their  representatives 
let  it  slip  that  organization  of  hired 
men  would  naturally  follow  their  cam¬ 
paign. 

Lewis’  main  plan,  of  course,  is  a 
house-to-house  canvass  by  organizers 
who  constantly  emphasize  the  old 
arguments  that  sound  good  if  you  don’t 
stop  to  think.  First,  it  will  be  pointed 
out  to  you  that  you  are  not  getting 
what  you  should  for  your  milk.  “Join 
the  United  Mine  Workers  and  then 
everything  will  be  lovely!” 

“We  did  it  for  the  laboring  man  in 
the  city,  and  we  can  do  it  for  you 
farmers.” 

Look  at  these  arguments  for  a  min¬ 
ute  in  the  cold  light  of  common  sense. 
Good  labor  unions  have  helped  the 
laboring  man  in  the  cities,  and  every 
fair-minded  person  believes  in  good 
labor  unions  when  they  are  honestly 
managed.  But  it  is  a  question  how 
much  the  United  Mine  Workers  union 
has  ever  helped  the  mine  workers 
themselves.  Where  did  all  the  millions 
come  from  that  Lewis  is  now  using  in 
trying  to  organize  farmers?  The  an¬ 
swer  is,  out  of  the  pockets  of  the  work¬ 
ing  men,  just  as  you  will  pay  and  pay 
through  the  nose  to  John  Lewis,  his 
family,  and  his  friends,  if  he  makes 
his  agricultural  scheme  work.  Not 
only  has  Lewis  collected  millions  in 
dues  from  the  men  who  wield  the  pick 
and  shovel,  but  We  wonder  how  many 
strikes  he  has  called  and  what  those 
strikes  have  cost  his  members  in  loss 
of  time?  It  sometimes  takes  members 
of  a  union  two  or  three  years  to  re¬ 
cover  financially  from  a  long  strike. 

As  for  better  milk  prices,  selling 
labor  and  selling  milk  are  two  entirely 
different  problems.  Anyone  can  put  a 
price  of  four  dollars  a  hundred  on  milk. 
That  doesn’t  make  the  consumer  take 
it.  Smart  as  they  are,  John  L.  Lewis 
and  his  friends  cannot  carry  water  on 
two  shoulders  at  the  same  time.  He 
cannot  get  dairymen  a  high  price  for 
milk  and  at  the  same  time  get  the 
necessary  high  retail  price  that  must 
follow.  Most  of  his  United  Mine  Work¬ 
ers  members  are  city  people  and  are 
consumers.  Most  of  the  spread  be¬ 
tween  what  the  farmer  gets  and  what 
the  consumer  pays  is  due  to  wages. 
Milk  and  other  foods  have  to  be  hand¬ 
led  many  many  times  by  workmen  be¬ 
fore  reaching  the  consumer.  The  C.I.O. 
and  other  labor  organizations  have 
time  and  again  fought  milk  prices  in 
the  cities.  They  have  even  led  con¬ 
sumer  strikes  or  boycotts  against  milk. 
That’s  the  chief  reason  why  dairymen 
are  tying  a  rope  squarely  and  tightly 
around  their  own  necks  when  they  tie 
up  with  any  city  organization.  But  in 
this  campaign  clever  talkers  will  make 
the  situation  seem  very,  very  rosy  in 
( Continued  on  Page  13) 


Fall 

the 
L  way 


OKES  RICH 

SMOOTH ! 


HERE'S 
THE  FRAGRANT, 


MELLOW 
TOBACCO  THAT'S  SO  EASY 
ON  THE  TONGUE ! 

PRINCE  ALBERT  IS  NO-BITE 
TREATED— CRIMP  CUT  TO 
PACK  AND  PULL  EASY, 

!k  TOO 


pipefuls  of  fragrant 
tobacco  in  every 
handy  pocket  pack¬ 
age  of  Prince 
Albert  jfi. 


R.  J.  Reynolds  Tobacco  Company 
Winston-Salem,  N.  C. 


THE 


NATIONAL 

JOY 

SMOKE 


Prince  Albert 


(490)  4 


American  Agriculturist,  September  12,  1942 


B  V  E .  R.  E  A  S  TA'VA  N 


Address  all  man  for  Editorial  or  Advertl*. 
Inq  departments  to  American  Agriculturist, 
Savings  Bank  Building.  Ithaca.  New  York. 


l» 


MUST  NOT  TOWER  MILK  PRICES 

T  THIS  writing  milk  dealers  are  in  Wash¬ 
ington  appealing  to  the  United  States  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture  either  to  permit  them 
to  raise  the  price  of  retail  milk  or  to  lower  the 
price  to  farmers.  The  government  has  placed  a 
ceiling  on  the  retail  price  of  milk.  There  is  yet 
no  O.  P.  A.  ceiling  on  the  price  of  fluid  milk 
to  the  farmer,  though  that  price,  as  set  by  the 
marketing  order,  went  up  on  September  1.  This 
gives  the  distributors  no  leeway  and  they  claim 
that  the  squeeze  may  force  many  of  them  out 
of  business. 

In  whatever  way  the  problem  is  settled,  the 
price  to  dairymen  must  not  be  lowered  if  con¬ 
sumers  and  our  Allies  are  to  continue  to  get  a 
sufficient  supply  of  milk  and  milk  products. 

With  skilled  farm  labor  not  to  be  had,  and  with 
prices  of  everything  the  farmer  buys  constantly 
mounting,  this  is  certainly  no  time  to  talk  about 
reducing  milk  prices  to  farmers. 

In  a  way  the  same  situation  applies  to  meat 
production.  The  government  is  now  talking 
about  placing  a  ceiling  on  prices  to  farmers  for 
meat  products.  At  the  same  time  we  are  facing 
meatless  days.  What  utter  nonsense — what  fool¬ 
ish  government  bureaucratic  control  —  to  dis¬ 
courage  production  in  vital  food  products  by 
lowering  prices  paid  for  them!  The  time  is  al¬ 
ready  here  when  supply  of  food  products  not 

price  is  the  main  consideration. 


VICTORY  HARVEST 

HIS  is  American  Agriculturist's  Victory 
Harvest  Number.  We  have  worked  hard  to 
get  it  for  you,  and  we  hope  you  will  read  it  from 
cover  to  cover  and  like  it.  Read  the  Victory 
Harvest  story  on  the  next  page,  and  be  proud 
of  the  job  you  farmers  have  done  in  partnership 
with  God. 

God  has  been  good  to  us  this  year  in  sending 
the  rains’  and  the  sunshine  in  proper  proportions. 
The  danger  is  that  consumers  will  take  it  for 
granted  that  we  can  produce  such  crops  next 
year  and  in  the  war  years  to  come  without  much 
help  and  short  of  machinery  if  the  weather  is 
not  so  good. 

CROP  AND  GARDEN  NOTES 

DON’T  know  how  you  feel,  but  this  is  Sep¬ 
tember,  the  summer  has  gone,  and  I  don’t  feel 
that  we’ve  had  much  real  summer.  There  have 
been  so  few  sunshiny  days  and  bright  clear 
weather  with  sharp  shadows  on  the  green  lawn. 
However,  we  usually  have  a  grand  Fall  in  this 
climate,  and  here’s  hoping  we  get  one  this  year. 

But  while  the  rain  has  been  disagreeable,  and 
while  it  has  been  difficult  to  get  work  done,  yet 
plenty  of  rain  always  means  big  crops. 

I  have  heard  many  remark  that  even  now,  in 
September,  the  grass  and  the  leaves  are  as  green 
almost  as  they  are  in  June.  I  never  saw  the  after¬ 
feed  so  good  as  it  is  now.  Thanks  to  electric 
fencing,  thousands  of  herds  across  the  North¬ 
east  are  “baiting”  in  good  alfalfa  and  clover  on 
the  meadows.  How  many  of  you  know  that  term 
“baiting”,  meaning  pasturing  cows  on  meadows 
in  late  summer  and  fall? 

This  summer  I  have  confirmed  one  lesson 
that  I  learned  years  ago  and  had  forgotten,  and 
that  is  that  you  cannot  feed  hogs  at  a  profit  on 
purchased  feed  alone.  Son  Don  and  I  have  four 
as  fine  spring  hogs  as  you  ever  saw,  but  they 


cost  us  more  than  they  are  worth.  There  are  just 
two  ways  to  raise  hogs:  one  is  with  skim  milk, 
and  the  other  is  on  plenty  of  good  hog  pasture. 

A  recent  trip  part-way  across  New  York  im¬ 
pressed  me  again  with  our  large  silage  corn  crop. 
Many  fields  have  a  lot  of  weeds,  but  the  corn  is 
good  and  well  matured  nevertheless.  Corn  is 
King  in  America.  What  makes  a  finer  sight  than 
a  long  cornfield  contrasted  with  a  green  meadow! 

JOHN  L.  LEWIS  AGAIN 

T  IS  INDEED  unfortunate  that  farm  people, 
especially  dairymen,  are  having  to  fight  two 
wars  at  the  same  time.  One  of  them  is  their  war 
on  the  Farm  Front  to  raise  food  for  victory.  This 
is  a  real  war  in  itself,  especially  when  it  has  to 
be  fought  without  enough  help. 

The  other  war,  almost  equally  bad,  is  being 
fought  to  prevent  John  L.  Lewis  from  becoming 
America’s  dictator,  using  agriculture  as  a  means 
to  accomplish  his  purpose.  Some  people  thought 
that  we  had  stopped  John  L.  Lewis  and  his 
United  Mine  Workers  in  this  milk  shed.  Others 
of  us  knew  better.  He  was  only  stopped  from 
signing  up  farmers.  He  knows  other  ways  of 
getting  what  he  wants,  and  is  proceeding  to  use 
them. 

The  situation  is  now  more  dangerous  than 
ever.  Read  the  facts  on  Page  3. 

PUREBRED  CATTLE  DESTROYED 

HEN  the  Germans  invaded  France  they 
also  took  over  the  ancient  islands  of 
Guernsey  and  Jersey,  the  home  and  origin  of 
two  of  our  famous  dairy  cattle  breeds.  No  one 
has  been  able  to  find  out  what  has  happened  to 
the  splendid  foundation  stock,  both  Guernseys 
and  Jerseys,  on  these  islands,  but  it  is  fairly  cer¬ 
tain  that  the  purebred  cattle  have  been  remov¬ 
ed,  butchered,  and  therefore  lost  to  the  dairy  in¬ 
dustry. 

Something  of  the  same  situation  holds  also 
for  much  of  the  fine  purebred  Holstein- Friesian 
cattle  of  continental  Europe.  If  these  cows  are 
not  gone  already,  they  no  doubt  soon  will  be 
because  of  the  impossibility  of  feeding  them. 

This  situation,  then,  raises  an  interesting 
problem  as  to  the  replacing  of  the  stock  on  the 
Jersey  and  Guernsey  islands  and  on  the  con¬ 
tinent  after  the  war.  It  would  look  like  a  re¬ 
sponsibility  of  American  breeders,  and  a  great 
opportunity  to  help  restore  dairying  in  Europe 
when  the  present  holocaust  of  war  is  over. 

RACK  TO  OCR  HEARTHSTONES 

HIS  winter  and  perhaps  for  several  years 
to  come,  all  of  us  are  going  to  be  tied  closer 
to  our  homes  and  to  our  immediate  neighbor¬ 
hoods  because  of  the  difficulties  of  transporta¬ 
tion. 

In  some  ways  this  is  a  good  thing.  We  need 
more  emphasis  on  the  simple  pleasures  possible 
around  the  family  hearthstone  and  in  the  com- 
inunity,  which  is  really  only  an  enlarged  home. 
Let’s  not  regret  too  much  the  omission  of  the 
large  county-wide  or  even  state-wide  meetings. 
Let’s  make  more  of  our  neighborhood  meetings 
in  the  Grange,  the  Cooperative  and  the  Farm 
and  Home  Bureaus.  Or  why  not  let  all  of  the 
local  organizations  come  together  in  one  neigh¬ 
borhood  meeting,  forgetting  the  lines  between 
them? 

Let’s  think  together  on  some  things  that  we 
can  do  that  will  make  us  want  to  stay  home 
more  than  we  have  in  the  recent  speed  age. 


What  possibilities  there  are  in  music!  Not  so 
much  in  the  radio,  although  that  will  help,  as  in 
the  music  that  you  can  produce  yourselves,  like 
singing  around  the  family  piano  and  building  up 
neighborhood  orchestras  that  can  meet  in  the 
various  homes.  The  long  evenings  of  fall  and 
winter  will  be  grand  to  do  more  reading  than 
we  have  found  time  for  in  years  past.  What  a 
wealth  of  good  books  and  magazines  are  within 
the  reach  of  all  who  really  want  them! 

We  have  been  so  crazy  seeking  happiness 
away  off  somewhere  else  that  we  have  overlook¬ 
ed  much  that  is  in  our  own  homes  or  within  a 
few  minutes’  walk  in  our  own  community. 


SCYTHE  TREES 


NEAR  Waterloo,  New  York,  is  a  rusty  old 
scythe  grown  fast  in  a  tree.  In  the  early 
days  of  the  Civil  War  a  young  man  came  in 
from  mowing,  hung  the  scythe  in  the  tree,  and 
said: 

“Leave  it  there  until  I  come  back.” 

It  is  still  there. 


Now  my  friend  Commissioner  of  Agriculture 
Ed  Jones  of  Vermont  says  that  Vermont,  too, 
has  a  scythe  tree  “in  which  a  sturdy  young  pa¬ 
triot  of  the  early  sixties  hung  his  scythe  after  a 
hard  day’s  work  during  which  he  reached  the 
conclusion  that  it  was  his  duty  to  respond  to 
President  Lincoln’s  call  for  volunteers.  He  never 
returned  an*!  the  scythe  was  never  removed.  It 
is  still  there,”  says  Ed,  “firmly  imbedded  in  the 
wooded  growth  of  eighty  years,  a  fighting  mon¬ 
ument  to  a  country  youth  who  saw  his  duty 
and  performed  it,  even  to  the  supreme  sacrifice.” 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  no  state  in  the  Union 
contributed  more  sons  to  the  Civil  War  in  rela¬ 
tion  to  its  population  than  did  the  fine  old 
Green  Mountain  State. 


DEADLY 

EVERY  day  somewhere,  farmers  are  losing 
fine  stock  because  there  are  pieces  of  metal 
or  wire  in  the  feed.  Go  into  almost  any  barn 
or  even  into  the  stable  and  you  will  be  surpris¬ 
ed  at  the  small  pieces  of  wire  that  can  be  found 
if  looked  for.  That  stuff  is  deadly  inside  of  a 
cow! 


EASTMAN’S  CHESTNUT 

i 

I  HAVE  been  having  a  lot  of  fun  correspond¬ 
ing  about  chestnuts  with  my  friend  D.  D. 
Tuttle  of  the  New  Hampshire  State  Planning 
and  Development  Commission  at  Concord,  New 
Hampshire.  I  told  him  that  sometimes  I  felt  a 
little  apologetic  about  some  of  the  wormeaten 
ones  that  I  told,  to  which  he  replied : 

“Anybody  who  can  bring  a  smile,  or  better 
still  a  horse  laugh,  out  of  anyone  today  is  a 
public  benefactor.” 

Well,  I  don’t  know  about  that,  but  I  do  know 
that  the  people  of  this  sad  old  world  need  to 
laugh,  especially  now. 

One  of  the  best  stories  I  have  heard  in  a  long 
time  is  one  of  Mr.  Tuttle’s  favorites.  It’s  about 
a  farmer  who  drove  a  horse  that  “interfered’ 
badly.  One  morning  the  horse  was  making  an 
especially  loud  racket.  A  friend  hailed  the  farm¬ 
er  from  the  sidewalk  and  came  trotting  across 
to  him  with  the  remark: 

“The  old  mare’s  interferin’  pretty  bad  this 
mornin’,  ain’t  she?” 

“Yup!”  replied  the  farmer.  “But,  by  golly, 
she  ain’t  interferin’  with  anybody  but  herself. 
Giddap!” 


circulation  manager;  V.  E.  Grover,  subscription  manager  Subscription  price  payable  in  advance.  $.50  a  sear  in  the  U.  S.  A. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  September  12,  1942 


5  (491) 


A  Great  Victory  Harvest 


But  Next  Year  May  Tell  a  Different  Tale 


ONE  OF  the  smartest  men  in 
agriculture  I  ever  knew  was 
Dr.  George  F.  Warren,  for  many 
years  head  of  the  Department  of 
Farm  Management  at  the  New  York 
State  College  of  Agriculture.  He  mix¬ 
ed  his  vast  knowledge  of  the  theory 
and  science  of  farming  with  a  still 
greater  amount  of  plain,  uncommon 
common  sense,  with  the  result  that  he 
was  seldom  wrong. 

Dr.  Warren  was  right,  for  example, 
on  what  he  told  me  once  about  the  ef¬ 
fect  of  weather  on  crops,  although  I 
didn’t  quite  believe  it  until  I  had  check¬ 
ed  up  on  the  records.  He  said  that  the 
weather  had  more  effect  on  total  crop 
production  than  all  the  other  factors 
put  together.  Not  even  fertile  soil, 
careful  planning,  good  seed,  thorough 
cultivation  and  spraying,  or  all  the 
other  hard  work  of  the  good  farmer, 
he  said,  affect  the  total  yields  as  does 
the  weather. 

So  this  year  we  have  the  weather 
man,  more  than  all  other  things  com¬ 
bined,  to  thank  for  this  Victory  Har¬ 
vest,  the  largest  in  the  history  of  the 
agriculture  of  this  nation.  But  next 
year  beware — bad  weather  may  mean 
disaster.  How  fortunate  indeed  are  we, 
when  food  is  so  desperately  needed  by 
our  Allies  and  by  ourselves,  that  God 
sent  the  rain  and  the  sunshine  in  right 
amotmts.  Thanks  mostly  to  good 
weather,  we  are  blessed  with  these 
great  crops,  even  though  farmers  were 
sadly  handicapped  in  getting  the  crops 
grown  and  harvested.  Farmers  have 
worked  early  and  late  and  beyond  their 
strength,  have  been  able  to  hire  less 
help  than  ever  before,  and  in  many 
cases  have  been  unable  to  buy  new  and 
necessary  machinery. 

Yet,  in  spite  of  these  handicaps,  the 
farmer,  in  partnership  with  his  God, 
has  produced  record  yields.  Remember 
the  Dust  Bowl  that  you  heard  about 
following  the  great  droughts  of  the 
thirties?  Well,  even  that  Dust  Bowl 
now  blossoms  like  a  rose.  It  is  green 
again.  This  year  it  produced  great 
acreages  with  high  yields  of  wheat. 
Rain  did  the  trick,  and  turned  the 
desert  into  a  garden. 

Look  around  us  in  our  own  North¬ 
east.  The  pastures  and  the  meadows 
and  the  trees  are  as  green  almost  as 
they  were  in  June.  Hay  was  a  record 
crop.  Corn  in  most  sections  promises 
to  be.  Most  other  crops  are  excellent. 
Take  a  moment  to  look  at  the  record: 

Gpner.il 

The  total  volume  of  all  United  States 
crops  this  year  is  estimated  to  be  6  per 
cent  ahead  of  any  other  year  in  our 
history,  and  20  per  cent  above  the 
average  for  1923-1932.  Food  crops  are 
even  better.  They  are  9  per  cent  above 
1941,  25  per  cent  above  the  five-year 
average. 

Hairy 

Average  production  of  milk  on  July 
4  for  entire  United  States  was  5  per 
cent  above  last  year. 

Production  per  cow  on  August  1  was 
highest  ever  reported.  There  are,  how¬ 
ever,  some  signs  of  milk  production 
decline.  Producing  milk  is  a  highly 
skilled  business.  With  the  skilled  help 
leaving  the  farms,  many  dairymen  may 
have  to  reduce  or  sell  their  herds. 

Poultry 

Egg  production  for  the  first  six 
months  of  this  year  was  16  per  cent 
above  the  same  period  last  year. 

There  are  about  8  per  cent  more  pul¬ 
lets  on  farms  than  there  were  last  year, 
and  the  number  of  chicks  raised  is  2 
Per  cent  above  the  previous  high  in 


fey  £.  ft.  CrO&tman 


1930.  July  production  per  hen  set  new 
record  for  that  month. 

Corn 

Com  for  grain  is  estimated  to  be  the 
largest  crop  since  1922,  with  a  produc¬ 
tion  of  2,754,000,000  bushels.  This  is 
good  news  for  dairy  and  poultry  feed¬ 
ers  of  the  Northeast. 

Also  good  listening  to  dairymen  is 
the  fact  that  we  have  a  great  silage 
corn  crop  here  in  the  Northeastern 
states,  the  best  ever. 

Total  Grain  Production 

Here’s  more  good  news  for  dairymen 
as  well  as  for  the  men  who  grew  the 
crops.  The  total  of  all  grains  produc¬ 
ed  for  this  year  is  now  estimated  to  be 
the  largest  for  any  year  except  1920. 
Wheat,  with  955,000,000  bushels,  is  the 
most  for  any  year  since  1915. 

Potatoes 

Production  of  potatoes  in  the  North¬ 
east  is  estimated  to  be  6  per  cent  above 
last  year,  with  a  total  estimated  U.  S. 
crop  of  378,175,000  bushels.  Last  year’s 
crop  was  357,783,000  bushels.  Late 
blight,  appearing  in  some  areas,  is  like¬ 
ly  to  cut  the  crop  below  the  estimate. 

Onions 

U.  S.  onion  acreage  is  reported  as 
15%  above  last  year.  Recent  flood  con¬ 
ditions  in  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  un¬ 
favorable  weather  in  other  areas  are 
reducing  the  crop  below  the  previous 
estimate  of  14%  above  last  year. 

Cabbage 

Domestic  cabbage  is  estimated  at  10 
per  cent  below  last  year. 

Danish  cabbage  is  about  2,000  acres 
under  last  year.  It  is  still  too  early  for 
an  accurate  yield  estimate. 

Beans 

20,500,000  hundred  pound  bags  of 
beans  is  the  estimated  crop  for  1942. 
This  is  10  per  cent  above  the  previous 
high  record  made  in  1941. 

Fruit 

Apples:  United  States  commercial 
crop  estimated  at  122,000,000  bushels, 


slightly  above  last  year,  but  about  1% 
below  average. 

Peaches:  11  per  cent  below  last  year, 
but  21  per  cent  above  the  average  of 
1930-39. 

Pears:  7  per  cent  above  1930-39 
average. 

Grapes:  2,564,000  tons,  a  little  under' 
1941  crop. 

Cherries:  200,000  tons  as  against 
162,000  last  year. 

Canning  Crops 

Sweet  Com:  United  States  acreage 
up  9  per  cent  this  year. 

Tomatoes:  Increased  30  per  cent. 

Peas:  Increased  26  per  cent. 

Victory  Gardens 

In  addition  to  these  great  increases 
in  field  crops,  a  tremendous  amount  of 
food  has  been  added  to  the  nation’s 
supply  through  bigger  and  better  gar¬ 
dens,  thus  not  only  helping  out  the 
war  food  situation  but  adding  greatly 
to  better,  home  living.  Secretary  Wick- 
ard  of  the  United  States  Department 
of  Agriculture  estimates  a  50  per  cent 
increase  in  home-canned  food. 

Tend  Lease  Shipments 

There  are  only  about  6  million  work¬ 
ing  farmers  on  as  many  farms  charged 
with  the  responsibility  not  only  of  feed¬ 
ing  our  own  130  million  people,  but  our 
farmers  also  must  help  feed  the  untold 
millions  of  our  allies.  Total  Lend-Lease 
figures  show  that  since  April  1941 
when  the  programs  started,  the  United 
States  has  shipped  to  our  Allies  the 
gigantic  total  of  5,769,000,000  pounds 
of  food,  and  we  are  rapidly  increasing 
these  shipments.  In  June  this  year  we 
shipped  twice  as  much  food  as  we  did 
in  May.  Heaviest  shipments  are  of 
grain,  cereals  products,  meats,  fish  and 
fowl. 

Prices  Farmers  Received 

Consumers  reading  editorials  in  some 
newspapers  and  statements  of  some 
politicians  are  becoming  bitter  against 
farmers  because  they  think  farmers 
are  profiteering  and  getting  rich.  Here’s 
how  rich  they  are  getting: 

The  only  way  to  test  whether  one  is 
making  any  money  is  to  see  how  much 
you  have  left  after  you  have  subtract¬ 
ed  your  costs  or  expenses,  from  your 
income.  Farmers  are  getting  some  bet¬ 
ter  prices  If  they  didn’t,  they  could 


Saving-  backaches  on  the  Connecticut  Valley  onion  farm  of  Joseph  Tudryn  at  North 
Hadley,  Mass.  The  onions  are  coming  off  a  grader  set  up  in  the  field.  Then,  in 
50-pound  net  bags,  they  are  loaded  onto  the  truck...  The  elevator  was  rigged  at 
home,  a  good  deal  of  the  material  being  salvaged  from  the  junk  pile. 


not  carry  on  at  all.  But  even  some 
farmers  are  fooling  themselves  because 
they  don’t  know  that  even  with  their 
better  prices,  their  buying  power  (net 
income)  is  even  less  than  it  was  during 
the  period  from  1910  to  1914.  If  we 
take  the  buying  power  of  farmers  for 
that  period  as  100,  then  farmers’  buy¬ 
ing  power  now  stands  at  99  per  cent. 

Now  look  at  the  buying  power  of  the 
wage  earner.  If  you  let  100  stand  for 
the  average  laboring  man’s  buying 
power  for  1910-1914,  then  his  present 
buying  power  is  200  per  cent,  or  just 
twice  as  much.  That’s  how  fast  farm¬ 
ers  are  getting  rich  as  compared  to 
other  people.  That’s  why  farmers’  or¬ 
ganizations  and  leaders  are  opposed  to 
ceilings  on  farm  prices  as  long  as  there 
are  no  ceilings  on  wages. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  if  farmers  can¬ 
not  get  fair  prices  for  their  products, 
it  will  be  the  consumer,  not  the  farmer, 
who  will  suffer  most.  If  the  farmer 
cannot  get  labor  and  cannot  afford  to 
pay  for  it  if  he  does  get  it,  if  he  can¬ 
not  get  farm  machinery  or  cannot  pay 
for  it,  no  matter  how  willing  he  is 
there  will  be  a  lot  of  hungry  people 
not  only  among  our  Allies  but  right 
here  in  America.  We  could  lose  this 
war  on  the  Farm  Front. 

These  are  facts  that  many  newspa¬ 
per  editors  and  consumers  just  don’t 
understand.  I  have  never  known  farm¬ 
ers  to  work  so  hard  as  they  have  this 
year,  but  unless  we  can  stop  this  drain 
of  manpower  from  the  farms,  the  fact 
cannot  be  over-emphasized  that  we 
face  disaster,  particularly  if  we  should 
get  a  bad  crop  year. 

While  there  have  been  many  farmers 
in  some  sections  of  the  country  who 
have  had  bad  weather,  on  the  whole 
the  average  weather  for  the  United 
States  has  been  especially  good  for 
crop  production  for  several  years.  Now 
the  cycle  may  easily  go  the  other  way 
so  that  we  could  be  in  for  some  bad 
weather  years.  What  then?  The  an¬ 
swer  is  a  lot  of  hungry  people  not  only 
abroad  but  right  here  in  America.  Al¬ 
ready  there  is  food  rationing.  The  time 
may  soon  come  when  prices  will  not  be 
the  important  thing.  The  real  problem 
may  be  to  get  enough  food  at  any  price. 
Consumers  are  not  arguing  now  about 
the  price  of  tires  and  gasoline. 

Remedies 

What  can  be  done  to  help  the  situa¬ 
tion,  you  say?  Here  are  some  sugges¬ 
tions  ! 

1.  Maintain  fair  prices  for  farm  prod¬ 
ucts. 

Again  I  point  out  that  this  is  even 
more  necessary  to  the  consumer  than 
it  is  to  the  farmer.  The  farmer  can 
dig  in  and  keep  from  starving;  the 
consumer  cannot.  Even  with  the  big 
production  this  year,  some  lines  of  food 
are  becoming  scarce. 

2.  Remember  that  farm  machines 
are  just  as  important  as  war  machines, 
and  don’t  ration  materials  for  the 
manufacture  of  machines  and  other 
farm  equipment  so  closely  that  the 
farmer  will  be  handicapped  in  produc¬ 
ing  food. 

3.  Keep  the  skilled  farmers  on  farms. 

How  can  one  expect  a  boy  to  stay 
on  the -farm  at  wages  which  the  farm¬ 
er  can  afford  to  pay  with  the  prices  he 
now  receives,  when  that  same  boy  can 
go  only  a  few  miles  and  get  a  job  pay¬ 
ing  him  three,  four,  and  five  times  as 
much?  Draft  boards  should  not  take 
skilled  farm  help  even  for  the  armed 
forces.  Young  farmers  should  be  made 
to  see  that  it  is  just  as  patriotic,  just 
as  necessary  to  serve  their  country  on 
the  Farm  Front  as  on  the  industrial  or 
the  armed  front. 

Yes,  thanks  to  the  skill  and  hard 
work  of  the  farmer,  and  especially 
thanks  to  Nature  who  has  been  so 
generous  this  year,  we  have  a  great 
victory  harvest.  But  now,  if  we  are  to 
insure  more  victory  harvests,  we  must, 
as  the  old  Yankees  used  to  say,  “take 
steps”  immediately. 


( 492)  6 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  September  12,  1942 


What  Happens 
when  a  Midwest  Farmer 
gets  Fighting  Mad? 

Ever  since  Pearl  Harbor,  Ben  Schlottof  Bartelso,  Illinois,  has 
been  farming  with  a  vengeance!  And  it  looks  like  this  year’s 
hybrid  crop  will  average  7  more  bushels  per  acre  than  the 
1941  yield.  Pushing  his  tractors  harder  than  ever  before, 
Ben  is  glad  he  switched  to  Yeedol  —  “I  figure  this  is  no  time 
to  risk  breakdowns  by  using  second-rate  oil!” 

“Look  at  this  tough  Veedol!” 

says  Ben.  “Still  plenty  of  body 
after  140  hours,  and  hardly 
down  a  quart  —  that’s  what  I  call 
real  protection.”  Yes,  because 
1,50-Hour  Yeedol  Tractor  Oil  is 
made  from  the  toughest,  most 
heat-resistant  crude  in  the 
world  — 100%  Bradford- 
Pennsvlvania.  It’s  a  mighty 
sound  choice  for  wartime 
farming. 

NOTE:  V  our  farm  implement  dealer- 
is  eager  to  help  keep  your 
machinery  in  first-class  condition. 
Don't  hesitate  fo  enlist 
his  expert  assistance. 


SWITCH  TO  VEEDOL.  SAVE  5  WAYS...  l.Savefuel  by  reducing  power 

blow-by.  2.  Save  oil;  good  for  150  hours  between  changes  in  gas¬ 
oline-engined  tractors;  cuts  down  oil  consumption  in  all  tractors 
regardless  of  fuel  used.  3.  Save  time  by  avoiding  breakdown 
delays.  4.  Save  repairs  through  greater  heat-  and  wear-resistance. 
5.  Save  your  tractor;  get  long,  economical  service.  150-Hour  Veedol 
Tractor  Oil  is  available  in  convenient  containers,  from  5-gallon 
pails  to  55-gallon  drums.  Order  this  great  wartime  oil  today! 


Tide  Water  Associated  Oil  Company 


"A  Better 
Tractor  Oil 
by  the  Clock " 


^feOIL  IS  AMMUNITION  USE  IT  WISELY^is^r 


Here  She  Comes, 
Harvest  Time  GyZd'ui.MitcUi 


WELL,  FELLOWS,  we’ve  been 
waiting  just  12  long  months  for 
harvest  time,  and  here  she  comes.  As 
I  ponder  over  and  plan  for  it,  that 
song  keeps  running  through  my  head — - 
“She’ll  be  coming  round  the  mountain 
when  she  comes;  She’ll  be  riding  6 
white  horses  when  she  comes,”  and 
all  the  rest  of  it.  You  know  it  better 
than  I  do.  Anyhow,  here  is  a  nice 
crop  of  apples  all  swollen  up  like 
pumpkins  and  ready  to  drop  at  a  touch, 
and  hardly  anybody  in  the  offing  to  do 
that  touching,  and  a  lot  of  doubt 
whether  all  of  us  will  have  boxes 
enough  to  put  the  crop  in  if  wre  do  get 
help  to  harvest  it.  The  only  comfort¬ 
ing  thought  is  that  maybe  we  can  put 
on  enough  hormone  spray  to  stick 
them  to  the  trees  till  we  can  get  them 
picked,  and  that  we  have  harvested 
them  before  and  can  probably  do  it 
again. 

This  is  the  sort  of  a  year  when  the 
prudent  husbandman  who  has  done  all 
those  things  the  professors  and  econ¬ 
omists  tell  us  to  do  will  cash  in  on  his 
foresight  and  good  behavior.  He  is 
the  fellow  who  has  kept  up  his  orch¬ 
ard;  sprayed  and  thinned;  and,  above 
all,  put  in  a  supply  of  boxes  and  per¬ 
haps  his  own  cold  storage  on  the  farm. 
He  probably  has  some  labor  engaged 
in  advance,  too,  and  is  akin  to  the 
Pharisee  in  Luke  18,  while  the  rest  of 
us  Publicans  and  sinners  sweat  a  little 
blood  about  saving  whatever  crop  the 
good  Lord  has  bestowed  upon  us. 

Fruit  growers  and  sailors  are  broth¬ 
ers  under  the  skin,  as  Kipling  would 
say;  they  both  venture  on  stormy  seas 
and  take  all  sorts  of  chances,  get  paid 
off  and  get  shore  leave  once  a  year, 
shoot  the  works  and  go  back  to  work 
again.  It’s  a  great  life,  and  I  hope 
wind,  rain  and  lack  of  help  don’t  tor¬ 
pedo  too  many  of  our  crew. 

The  apple  growers  are  a  jolly  crew. 
If  one  is  so  fortunate  as  to  have  to 
work  for  a  living,  and  so  wise  as  to 
choose  farming  as  his  means  of  making 
a  living,  then  no  branch  of  farming 
offers  better  comrades  or  more  gamb¬ 
ling  excitement  than  raising  fruit.  The 


dice  are  rolling  to  a  stop  right  now 
and  pretty  soon  we  will  know  whether 
we  win  or  lose  this  year’s  throw. 

It  seems  useless  to  advise  anyone  to 
get  boxes  or  labor  or  ladders  or  picking 
bags  or  graders  or  anything  else  ready 
in  advance;  all  who  have  money,  time 
or  labor  or  strength  to  do  those  neces¬ 
sary  and  obvious  things,  do  them  if 
they  can,  without  being  reminded. 
However,  here  are  two  items  that 
should  receive  our  attention  right  now. 
We  should  organize  cooperative  selling 
in  such  a  way  that  we  can  sell  to  the 
government;  and  we  should  find  some 
practical  way  to  cash  in  on  the  juice 
work  that  Geneva  has  been  doing. 

Selling  to  the  Government  or  any  of 
its  agencies  is  big  business  and  some¬ 
what  complicated.  A  few  big  dealers 
are  set  up  to  handle  the  business,  but 
most  of  it  should  be  handled  through 
cooperatives  of  our  own.  The  juice 
business,  too,  is  complicated  and  one 
requiring  lots  of  capital  to  move  any 
appreciable  amount  of  our  poorer 
grades  at  a  profit.  Surely  we  are  over¬ 
looking  a  good  bet  if  we  don’t  get  to¬ 
gether  to  push  the  sale  and  use  of 
apple  juice.  Cider  and  vinegar  are 
out  the  window  and  unprofitable,  obso¬ 
lete  by-products  as  compared  to  some 
of  these  newer  uses  for  the  juice,  and 
our  best  chance  is  through  cooperative 
and  united  effort  to  promote  these  new 
products. 

The  war,  and  readjustments  after 
the  war,  are  going  to  bring  a  lot  of 
changes  and  complications  too  big  for 
one  individual  to  solve  alone.  Indus¬ 
try  and  labor  have  found  it  necessary 
to  work,  together  in  groups,  and  farm¬ 
ers  will  have  the  same  experience. 
Working  together  requires  practice  and 
experience  as  well  as  some  other 
things,  so  we  ought  to  begin  to  prac¬ 
tice  up  on  our  cooperative  selling  just 
as  we  haVe  on  our  cooperative  buying, 
and  get  in  line  for  whatever  may  come 
along.  This  apple  juice  business  and 
sales  to  the  government  furnish  a  good 
reason  and  opportunity  to  initiate  this 
sort  of  enterprise.  If  such  selling  co¬ 
operatives  do  get  a  start,  join  the  crew 
and  help  develop  them. 


Down  at  Seabrook  Farms,  Bridgeton,  a  new  labor  saving  device  has  been  perfect¬ 
ed.  Fritz  Thiemann  and  Gerald  Ayres,  foremen  on  this  farm,  have  devised  an  at¬ 
tachment  for  a  tractor  that  permits  cutting  and  raking  of  beans  at  same  operation. 
New  attachment  consists  of  four  thirty-inch  knives  that  cut  bean  vines  close  to 
ground  from  four  separate  rows.  Formerly  a  tractor  and  a  man  could  only  cut  two 
rows.  That  job  has  been  cut  in  half,  and  tractor,  gas  and  tires  saved. 

Extending  to  rear  of  machine  are  two  fifty-four  inch  guides  that  push  four  rows 
of  freshly  cut  beans  into  a  windrow  ready  to  be  picked  up  by  a  hay  loader,  com¬ 
pletely  abolishing  that  job  for  a  man,  a  tractor  and  a  side  delivery  rake. 

This  equipment  is  homemade.  It  can  be  attached  to  almost  any  tractor.  In  front 
of  tractor  note  box-like  •  attachment  that  separates  vines  for  front  wheels  to  pass. 
First  unit  has  been  so  successful  that  others  are  now  being  built. 


ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  September  12,  1942 


t  (iaai 


War  Changed  Our  Plans 

Winning  Letters  in  A.A’s  Prize  Contest 


FIRST  PRIZE  WINNER 

E  OPERATE  a  poultry  plant  do¬ 
ing  pedigree  and  progeny  work. 
Our  operations  consist  of  caring  for 
5,500  layers  and  breeders,  running  a 
35,000  capacity  incubator,  selling 
around  90,000  baby  chicks,  brooding 
and  raising  approximately  6,000  pul¬ 
lets,  and  producing  breeding  cockerels 
and  some  broilers. 

Our  eg'gs  are  all  sold  direct  to  con¬ 
sumers  on  our  egg  route  which  is  cov¬ 
ered  once  a  week,  and  to  schools,  hos¬ 
pitals  and  other  institutions.  We 
dress  about  100  birds  a  week. 

Just  a  year  ago,  there  were  four  of 
us  to  do  this  work.  First  thing  we 
knew  only  two  of  us  were  left,  my 
brother  and  I.  This  situation  was 
brought  about  by  the  demand  for  labor 
in  nearby  war  industries  at  higher 
wages  and  better  hours,  though  our 
men,  excluding  myself,  worked  a  9  hour 
day  and  a  six-day  week  and  had  al¬ 
ternating  Sundays. 

With  this  labor  situation  facing  me 
and  with  the  government’s  demand  for 
increased  production,  I  was  determined 
not  to  cut  down  anywhere  so  I  just 
had  to  make  some  changes  and  make 
them  fast. 

First,  we  made  larger  pens — as  many 
as  1,000  birds  to  a  pen — which  we 
could  care  for  in  the  same  length  of 
time  that  we  could  take  care  of  the 
250  bir<?  pens  and  the  birds  seemed 
to  do  just  as  well. 

We  used  built-up,  deep  floor  litter, 
not  changing  it  during  the  entire  year. 
We  removed  dropping  boards  and  in¬ 
stalled  deep  pits  which  need  not  be 
cleaned  more  than  three  times  a  year. 
These  pits  are  great  time  savers  over 
the  dropping  boards. 

Mash  and  grain  bins  on  each  floor 
saved  steps  and  time. 

We  made  over  the  nests  into  the 
long  trough  type  so  the  birds  enter 
from  the  rear,  and  using  plenty  of 
shavings  helped  to  eliminate  dirty  and 
broken  eggs.  We  completed  the  in¬ 
stalling  of  running  water  in  each  pen 
and  also  piped  water  into  our  new 
two-story  permanent  brooder  house 
which  is  hot-water  heated.  This  4,500 
capacity  brooder  house  in  itself  saves 
money  and  chick-brooding  time. 

We  have  cut  down  as  much  as  pos¬ 
sible  in  our  delivery  trips  by  grouping 
orders.  We  have,  found  this  possible 
through  the  splendid  cooperation  of 
our  customer's. 

This  spring  we  piped  water  to  our 
fifteen-acre  range.  Instead  of  truck¬ 
ing  feed  to  the  range  every  day  we  ar¬ 
ranged  barrels  over  the  range.  By 
filling  these  with  mash  twice  a  week 
we  cut  our  mash  feeding  time  in  two. 

Our  incubators  are  100%  automatic¬ 
ally  controlled.  Our  egg  cleaner  is  al¬ 
so  a  great  time  saver. 

A  year  has  passed  and  it  has  been 
our  best  year.  The  labor  shortage  has 
helped  rather  than  handicapped  us, 
forcing  us  to  make  changes  which  not 
only  have  helped  us  in  the  past  year 
but  will  help  us  in  the  future  and  we 
can  still  see  places  for  many  more 
labor  and  time  saving  changes. — A.  E. 
Danish,  Clums  Corners,  N.  Y. 

*  *  * 

DOING  MORE  WITH  LESS 

( Second  Prize  Winner ) 

HE  FIRST  thing  we  did  last  Janu¬ 
ary  was  to  plan  to  get  along  with 
less  hired  help.  We  have  worked  much 
harder  ourselves,  cut  corners  wherever 
we  could,  used  more  labor  savers,  and 
planned  our  work,  instead  of  having 
Peak  loads  which  we  could  not  pos¬ 
sibly  handle. 

This  spring  my  husband  mounted  an 


old  weeder  on  our  tractor  and  weeded 
our  crops  in  half  the  usual  time.  We 
joined  the  custom  spray  ring  and  sav¬ 
ed  the  time  my  husband  usually  spent 
dusting  eight  acres  of  potatoes.  We 
“combined”  eleven  acres  of  wheat, 
used  pick  up  baler  for  straw  and  plow¬ 
ed  under  what  we  did  not  need.  This 
baled  straw  will  save  time  in  changing 
poultry  litter  and  in  bedding  stock 
this  fall  and  winter. 

We  use  the  telephone  when  we  can 
to  save  trips  to  town.  I  work  out¬ 
doors  more  and  cut  corners  on  house¬ 
work  to  give  me  the  necessary  time. 
We  have  a  larger  garden  and  cultivate 
it  with  a  horse  to  save  hand  labor. 
We  rented  a  freezer  locker  and  are 
putting  fruit  and  vegetables  into  the 
locker  which  takes  less  time  than  can¬ 
ning,  and  saves  vitamins  for  next  win¬ 
ter.  We  traded  a  veal  for  a  quarter 
of  beef  and  put  that  in  the  locker  and 
have  meat  oftener  than  if  we  bought 
it  at  retail.  We  are  using  fresh  fruit 
and  cheese  often  instead  of  desserts 
made  with  sugar.  We  also  use  maple 
sirup  and  honey  to  save  sugar.  My 
young  son  (eight  years  old)  has  help¬ 
ed  with  garden  and  poultry. 

We  built  two  new  range  houses  and 
so  were  able  to  raise  two  broods  of 
pullets  —  the  second  brood  coming  as 
soon  as  we  had  sold  the  early  broilers 
and  put  the  pullets  on  range.  Thus 
our  brooder  houses  and  equipment  did 
double  duty  and  we  have  more  pullets 
than  usual.  We  saved  time  by  fixing 
covered  feed  and  water  barrels  on 
ranges,  and  hauling  feed  and  water 
two  times  a  week  by  team  instead  of 
carrying  it  in  pails  at  every  feeding. 
We  have  the  dealer  deliver  our  feed  at 
our  door,  to  save  hauling  it  ourselves,  , 
also  send  our  eggs  by  truck  to  the  egg 
auction  and  save  one-half-day-trip  each 
week.  We  bought  more  egg  pails  and 
gather  eggs  three  times  daily.  This 
saves  broken  eggs  and  less  "time  is 
needed  to  clean  eggs. 

We  have  raised  the  grain  needed  for 
our  horses  and  poultry,  have  enlarged 
our  poultry  business,  and  raised  the 
grade  of  our  eggs  by  more  careful 
handling.  We  have  eight  acres  of  po¬ 
tatoes  and  a  crop  of  Nured  wheat  we 
are  selling  for  seed.  We  have  food 
canned  and  frozen  for  winter. 

Besides  our  farm  work,  my  husband 
has  found  time  to  serve  on  the  County 
Agricultural  Defense  Committee,  we 
both  helped  with  the  War  Bond  sale, 
and  I  have  served  some  for  the  Red 
Cross,  and  my  son  has  collected  old 
rubber  and  paper. — Mrs.  Harold  Blake¬ 
ley,  East  Aurora,  N.  Y. 

*  *  * 

AN  AVERAGE  FAMILY 

EFORE  December  7,  1941,  we  were 
just  an  average  American  farm 
family,  consisting  of  my  husband,  our 
teen-age  daughter,  three  small  sons  and 
myself.  We  had  been  living  along  hap¬ 
pily  on  our  small  farm  striving  hard  to 
make  ends  meet,  always  hoping  for 
more  consideration  for  farmers  and 
maybe  a  vacation,  sometime.  After 
Pearl  Harbor,  things  began  to  happen. 
Right  away,  I  secured  yarn  from  the 
Red  Cross  and  started  knitting.  Then  we 
gathered  up  old  rubber  for  that  drive, 
hauled  old  iron  to  the  junkyard,  saved 
paper,  rags  and  cartons.  We  had  al¬ 
ways  raised  our  own  garden  stuff  and 
filled  lots  of  jars..  This  year  we  in-  , 
creased  our  plantings  and  even  did 
some  sugarless  canning.  Other  years 
we  had  been  able  to  hire  day  help  when, 
seasonal  crops  were  rushing.  This 
year  only  the  three  small  sons  and 
their  father  have  been  available. 

( Continued  on  Page  10) 


Don’t  hold  your  tractor  down  to  half  its  food-growing 
capacity  by  letting  it  stand  idle  when  your  own  field 
work  is  done.  If  you  have  a  fast  modern  tractor,  com¬ 
bine,  silage  cutter,  corn  picker  or  hammer  mill,  let  it 
speed  up  the  work  on  neighboring  farms  as  soon  as  it  can  be 
spared  from  yours.  With  farm  help  and  farm  machinery  both 
scarce,  every  machine  must  work  more  hours  and  more  acres. 

Case  machines  are  built  with  extra  endurance  and  strength 
to  take  on  extr^  work  and  see  it  through.  Don’t  hesitate  to  use 
their  stamina  to  help  your  neighbors  and  help  your  country. 
Use  your  Case  dealer’s  service  to  keep  your  machines  in  tip¬ 
top  shape  and  to  make  their  long  life  still  longer.  See  him 
early  about  any  new  machines  or  renewal  parts  you  may  need. 

The  best  way  to  make  your  machines  doubly  useful  is  by 
"lend-lease  at  home.”  Use  your  tractor,  drill,  combine,  etc.,  to 
help  your  neighbor.  Let  him  repay  you  by  working  on  your 
farm  with  such  fast,  modern  machines  as  he  may  have.  You 
both  can  do  a  better  job  of  farming  and  produce  more  of 
the  food  needed  to  feed  our  soldiers  and  sailors,  civilians 
and  allies.  J.  I.  Case  Co.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  Racine,  Wis. 


f  CASE  \ 

Centennial 

\  Jubilee  j 

X  1942  A 


1.494)  S 


American  Agriculturist,  September  12,  1942 


IT’S  HUMAN  NATURE  to  live  in  the  present— and  not  worry 
much  about  what  may  happen  in  a  year  or  two. 


But,  in  times  like  these,  farmers  must  look  to  the  future. 
Must  take  steps  to  make  sure  that  their  tractors,  trucks,  and 
other  farm  machinery  will  still  be  operating  in  1943 . . .  and 
1944. 


That’s  why  more  and  more  farmers  are  switching  to  the 
quality  oil  that  sells  at  a  moderate  price—  Gulflube  Motor 
Oil.  Gulflube  is  a  tough,  able  oil  that  resists  high  operat¬ 
ing  temperatures  . . .  stays  “Full”  between  regular  drains. 
Try  it  soon. 


Here  are  two  Farm  Aids  you’ll  want  to  know  about 


1.  Gulflex  Chassis  Lubricants  SandW 
are  highly  stable . . .  resistant  to  deteri¬ 
oration  by  heat,  cold,  water,  or  extreme 
pressure.  They  will  remain  in  bearings 
for  long  periods  without  running  out. 
They  are  designed  for  general  chassis 
lubrication  of  cars,  trucks,  and  tractors. 


2.  You’ll  gel  extra  protection  for  the 
lubrication  of  Transmissions,  Final 
Drives,  and  Power  take-offs  with 


Gulf  fuels  and  lubricants  are  available  at 
your  Good  Gulf  station  and  at  Gulf  distrib¬ 
uting  plants.  Gulfspray, 
Gulf  Livestock  Spray,  and 
other  Gulf  products  for 
home  and  farm  are  sold  at 
Gulf  stations,  grocery, 
drug,  hardware,  variety 

stores _ at  milk  gathering 

stations  and  by  feed  stores. 


Gulf  Transgear  Lubricants  E.P.  These 
Farm  Aids  are  suitable  for  use  in  truck- 
wheel  bearings  and  truck  rollers  where 


a  fluid  lubricant  is  necessary.  Gulf 
Transgear  Lubricants  E.P.  are  fine  for 
oil-type  steering  gears  and  universal 
joints,  too. 


HOW  TO  DO  IT 

by  R.  J.  S.  Pigott 

Gulf  Research  and  Development  Division 

To  care  for  your  tractor  valves... 

The  sticking  of  valve  stems  is  often 
caused  by  deposits  building  up  on  the 
stem,  forcing  the  valve  to  stick  in  the 
guide.  This  trouble  may  often  be  cor¬ 
rected  by  making  sure  the  oil  is  flow¬ 
ing  freely  to  the  valve  mechanism.  If 
your  tractor  hasn’t  pressure  lubrica¬ 
tion  to  the  valves,  it’s  wise  to  oil  the 
valves  and  rocker  arms  by  hand — at 
least  once  a  day. 


FREE— 60-Page  Tractor  Manual 

This  book  is  a  complete,  non-technical 
encyclopedia  on  tractor  operation  and 
maintenance,  compiled  and  edited  by 
Gulf’s  experts.  It’s  a  book  you’d  have 
to  pay  a  dollar  to  buy.  But— we  meant 
what  we  said — it’s  free,  in  limited 
quantities,  to  tractor  operators  only. 
Send  a  postcard  to  Gulf  Farm  Aids, 
Room  3800,  Gulf  Building,  Pittsburgh, 
Pa.,  for  your  copy.  Please  state  the 
type  or  types  of  tractors  you  operate. 

OIL  IS  AMMUNITION  •  USE  IT  WISELY 


TUNE  IN— “We,  the  People”!— Sunday  Night  at  7:30  Eastern  War  Time— Columbia  Network 


Gon&idUb  the  SfyuASiel 

STORE  AWAY  SOME  VEGETABLES  FOR  WINTER 


By  pool  IdJonJz 


IT  IS  NOT  much  of  a  trick  to  extend 
the  use  of  the  garden  far  into  the 
winter  and  even  until  the  frost  is  out 
of  the  ground  and  spring  is  at  hand. 

A  couple  of  years  ago  we  dug  a  little 
place  in  the  bank  at  East  Ithaca,  laid 

a  sugar  barrel  on 
its  side,  covered  it 
with  dirt  and  filled 
it  with  vegetables. 
We  made  a  hole  in 
the  bulge  for  drain¬ 
age  in  case  stray 
water  should  get 
in.  We  made  a 
door,  sliding  up 
and  down  in 
guides,  but  the 
frame  end  of  a 
packing  box  would 
have  done  just  as 
well.  Then  we  pil¬ 
ed  straw  over  the 
door  and  the  win¬ 
ter  snows  did  the 
rest.  We  got  some 
vegetables  out  in  January  and  then 
when  April  came  we  found  that  the 
produce  weighed  even  more  than  when 
we  had  put  it  in.  The  vegetables  had 
taken  up  some  moisture,  were  crisp 

and  snappy  and  there  had  been  little 

decay.  This  was  all  very  interesting 
to  a  group  of  students  who  were  start¬ 
ing  a  new  lot  of  gardens  for  the  com¬ 
ing  season  and  you  will  be  surprised 
how  much  you  can  put  into  a  sugar 
barrel.  It  is  easy  to  put  away  two  bar¬ 
rels  in  the  same  fashion, t  one  for 
Christmas  or  New  Years  and  the  other 
for  later.  These  barrels  are  good  for 
at  least  three  or  four  years.  If  you 
can  get  hold  of  a  vinegar  or  kraut 
barrel  it  will  last  even  longer. 

Outdoor  Cave 


Paul  Work 


Carrying  the  barrel  idea  a  bit 
further  it  is  not  difficult  to  make  a  lit¬ 
tle  outdoor  storage  cellar  on  the  farm 
as  George  Raleigh  has  done.  Selecting 
a  well  drained  place  in  a  bank  or 
slope,  one  can  dig  out  the  necessary 
amount  of  space.  Then  there  are 
many  ways  to  build  the  structure.  It 


can  be  made  of  2  x  4’s  or  4  x  4’s  and 
planks,  or  it  may  be  made  entirely  of 
old  barn  timbers  set  close  together  or 
even  better  laid  up  like  a  log  cabin, 
then  the  top  can  be  covered  over  with 
dirt.  If  the  dirt  is  heaped  up  a  bit 
there  will  be  little  trouble  from  water 
seeping  through  the  roof,  but  if  it 
seems  necessary  a  piece  of  old  galvan¬ 
ized  roofing  or  siding  can  be  laid  on 
top.  Then  a  door  can  be  built  on  the 
front  and  you  have  a  place  which 
offers  good  temperature  control  and 
high  humidity. 

Similar  storage  cellars  can  be  made 
of  concrete  in  a  rather  simple  fashion. 
The  Portland  Cement  Association  has 
a  splendid  pamphlet  on  farm  storage  as 
well  as  other  uses  of  cement  on  the 
farm. 

Making  a  Pit 

Another  simple  way  to  store  vege¬ 
tables  out  of  doors  is  to  make  a  little 
pit,  say,  4  or  5  feet  wide  and  as  long 
as  necessary.  This  may  be  about  a 
foot  deep;  the  principal  idea  in  digging 
is  to  get  some  earth  to  put  over  the 
top.  Here  again  the  place  should  be 
well  drained.  Straw  is  then  laid  in 
the  bottom,  the  vegetables  are  piled  in 
a  conical  or  ridged  pile.  Straw,  per¬ 
haps  6  inches  thick,  is  laid  over  the 
vegetables  and  then  2  or  3  inches  of 
dirt  thrown  on.  The  dirt  layer  ought 
not  to  be  too  thick  or  the  pit  may  be 
hard  to  open  in  the  winter.  Later  on 
when  the  weather  gets  cold,  extra 
straw  or  leaves  or  coarse  manure  may 
be  thrown  over  the  heap.  The  old  di¬ 
rections  used  to  say  to  make  provision 
for  ventilation,  but  this  is  not  consid¬ 
ered  very  necessary.  One  should  be  a 
little  cautious  about  covering  too 
heavily  for  it  is  probable  that  more 
produce  suffers  because  it  is  too  warm 
than  by  freezing. 

Another  thing  to  look  out  for  in  an 
outdoor  pit  is  rats  and  mice.  Usually 
they  can  be  kept  pretty  well  under 
control  around  a  place  if  one  is  per¬ 
sistent.  If  they  are  bad,  however,  it 
is  best  not  to  try  a  pit  of  this  type 
unless  one  can  lay  down  enough  hard- 

( Continued  on  Page  15) 


This  is  George  Raleigh’s  storage  cave.  It  is  four  feet  wide  and  six  feet  long,  and 
was  made  from  old  lumber  and  sheet  iron.  Chief  things  to  remember  in  building 
such  a  cave  is  to  dig  it  in  well-drained  soil  or  provide  drainage,  and  to  make  con¬ 
struction  sturdy  enough  to  prevent  cave-ins. 


slippery,  slanting  decks  of  a  destroyer. _ _ 

Their  Tractorette  training  cost  them  noth¬ 
ing,  except  the  energy  and  intelligence  which 
they  put  into  it.  The  company  conceived  and 
launched  the  program.  Its  financial  costs  are 
shouldered  by  both  the  Harvester  dealers  and 
the  company. 

•  •  • 

This  fall  and  winter  Tractorette  training 
courses  will  be  broadened  to  meet  new  needs 
as  they  arise.  Thousands  of  new  girls  will  take 
the  course  and  join  the  "women’s  field  artil¬ 
lery”  next  spring,  fit  and  ready  for  the  every- 
year  battle  of  the  land.  Until  Victory  is  won, 
Tractorette  training  will  continue  to  be  one  of 
the  important  extra  services  gladly  rendered 
by  Harvester  dealers,  as  typical  American  busi¬ 
nessmen,  to  the  farmers  and  to  the  nation. 

International  Harvester  Company 

180  North  Michigan  Avenue  Chicago,  Illinois 


THE  SUN  is  just  over  the  ridge.  Breakfast  is 
just  under  the  belt.  The  farmer  and  his 
helpers  sample  the  breeze  as  they  stand  on  the 
back  steps,  and  the  farmer  says: 

"I’ve  got  to  go  into  town  this  morning  and 
I’ll  be  gone  a  while.  Meantime,  Emily,  you  and 
Ruth  might  as  well  start  in  on  the  south  forty.” 

Emily?  Ruth?  Girls?  Sure,  why  not?  For  Emily 
and  Ruth  are  Tractorettes  .  .  .  and  they  know 
their  stuff.  They’ll  check  their  tractors  for  fuel 
and  lubrication.  They’ll  make  those  minor 
engine  adjustments  they  noted  mentally  last 
night.  They’ll  roll  out  early  and  do  a  first  class 
job  of  field  work,  straight  down  the  rows. 

What  is  a  Tractorette? 

A  TRACTORETTE  is  a  farm  girl  or  woman 
who  wants  to  help  win  the  battle  of  the 
land,  to  help  provide  Food  for  Freedom.  She 
is  the  farm  model  of  the  girl 
who  is  driving  an  ambulance 
or  running  a  turret  lathe  in 
the  city.  Like  her  city  sisters, 
she  has  had  the  benefit  of 
special  training. 


Late  last  winter  International  Harvester  deal¬ 
ers  began  to  train  this  summer’s  Tractorettes. 
The  dealers  provided  classrooms,  instructors, 
and  machines.  The  Harvester  company  fur¬ 
nished  teaching  manuals,  slide  films,  mechan¬ 
ical  diagrams,  and  service  charts.  The  girls 
themselves  were  required  to  bring  only  two 
things— an  earnest  willingness  to  work  and  a 
complete  disregard  for  grease  under  the  fin¬ 
gernails  or  oil  smudges  on  the  nose. 

They  studied  motors  and  transmissions,  cool¬ 
ing  systems,  and  ignition.  They  studied  service 
care.  They  learned  to  drive  tractors.  They 
learned  to  attach  the  major  farm  implements 
that  are  used  with  tractors.  And  they  were 
painstakingly  taught  the  safe  way  to  do  every¬ 
thing. 

•  «  • 

Today,  on  their  family  farms  or  elsewhere, 
thousands  of  "graduates”  are 
doing  a  real  job  for  victory. 
Tractorettes  are  doing  the 
work  that  used  to  be  done  by 
the  boys  who  now  are  fly¬ 
ing  bombers  or  riding  the 


»  BUY  WAR  BONDS 
»  TURN  IN  YOUR  SCRAP 
»  SHARE  YOUR  CAR 


(496)  1 O 


American  Agriculturist,  September  12,  1942 


USE  GASOLINE 
IN  TRACTORS 

U.  S.  Farmers  Advised 

Tests  Shou)  Gasoline  Lengthens  Tractor 
Life ,  Helps  Prevent  Breakdowns 


The  opinion  held  by  many  farmers 
that  gasoline  is  “easier”  on  their  trac¬ 
tors  than  low-grade  fuels  was  confirmed 
by  the  results  of  tests  run  recently 
near  Phoenix,  Arizona.  Two  tractors 
of  the  same  make  and  model  were  given 
a  laboratory  test  for  1384  hours,  then 
run  for  2064  hours  in  the  field— 3448 
hours  total.  One  tractor  was  operated 
on  gasoline,  the  other  on  distillate. 

Then  the  engines  were  disassembled 
and  the  vital  parts  of  each  were  mea¬ 
sured  for  wear.  It  was  found  that  the 
parts  of  the  tractor  burning  distillate 
were,  on  the  average,  worn  about 
twice  as  much.  For  example,  there  was 
89  %  more  piston  ring  wear,  147  %  more 
wear  on  the  main  bearings  and  78% 
more  wear  on  connecting  rod  bearings 
with  distillate  than  with  gasoline. 

Gasoline  helps  prevent  breakdowns 

At  a  time  when  farmers  are  faced  with 
the  problem  of  meeting  higher  pro- 
ducti  on  quotas  with  limited  manpower, 
the  fact  that  gasoline  helps  prevent 
breakdowns  is  of  prime  importance. 
Today  no  farmer  can  afford  to  have  a 
tractor  idle  for  hours  or  days  while  re¬ 
pairs  are  being  made.  The  shortage  of 
replacement  parts,  too,  makes  it  im¬ 
perative  that  every  step  be  taken  to 
get  the  maximum  use  from  each  part 
now  in  service. 

Use  of  gasoline  helps 
national  fuel  and  oil  situation 

There  is  an  ample  supply  of  gasoline 
for  farm  tractor  use.  Reduced  passen¬ 
ger  car  driving  has  created  a  surplus 
of  gasoline  for  tractors.  There  is  a 
shortage  of  distillate  and  fuel  oil. 

Tractors  operated  on  gasoline  help 
conserve  lubricating  oil,  too.  At  the 
end  of  the  tests  mentioned  above,  the 
gasoline-burning  tractor  was  using 
one  quart  of  oil  per  twenty-four  hours 
of  operation  while  the  distillate-burn¬ 
ing  tractor  required  eleven  quarts. 

30%  more  power  from  gasoline 

Gasoline  delivers  more  power  than 
low-grade  fuels  in  practically  every 
type  of  tractor.  What’s  more,  changing 


COMPARISON  OF  WEAR  ON  TRACTOR 
PARTS— GASOLINE  VS.  DISTILLATE 


WEAR  with  distillate  was 
©  89%  More  on  piston  rings 
( f )  135%  More  on  pistons 

( j)  123  %  More  on  crankshaft  journals 

% 

(4)  66%  More  on  cylinder  walls 

@  147%  More  on  main  bearings 

®78%  More  on  connecting  rod 
bearings 

TRACTOR  PARTS  LAST  LONGER 
WITH  GASOLINE 


to  gasoline  plus  high  compression  will 
increase  tractor  power  as  much  as  30  %. 
For  this  reason  the  great  bulk  of  new 
tractors  being  sold  today  are  of  the 
high  compression  type. 

Many  tractors  with  low  compression 
engines  are  being  converted  to  high 
compression  when  they  are  over¬ 
hauled.  Installing  high  compression 
(high  altitude)  pistons,  cold-type  spark 
plugs,  and  setting  the  manifold  to  the 
cold  position  are  all  that  is  required. 

Detailed  information  regarding  a 
high  compression  change-over  may  be 
obtained  from  your  tractor  dealer  or 
gasoline  supplier  or  by  writing  to 
the  Agricultural  Division  of  Ethyl 
Corporation,  Chrysler 
Building,  New  York  City, 
manufacturer  of  antiknock 
fluid  used  by  oil  companies  -  « 

to  improve  gasoline. 

w* 


John  H.  Kerwin,  R.  1,  No.  Java,  N.  Y. 


Coming  to 


PHILADELPHIA? 


Rooms  with  Bath  for 

HOTEL  Radios  in  Every  Room 


PHILADELPHIAN 


39TB  AND  CHESTNUT  STREETS 
PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 


SEASONED  CORDWOOD  WANTED 

Located  on  New  Haven  R.  R.  or  delivered  to  New 
York  City  by  truck.  'State  kind,  Quantity,  when  cut, 
per  cent  split  and  lowest  price  in  first  letter.  THE 

CLARK  &  WILKINS  CO.,  306  East  128th  St.,  N.Y.C. 


WHISKEY  BARRELS,  50  GALLON— Fresh  Emptied, 
$4.00  each.  Two  for  $7.50,  freight  prepaid.  Special 
prices  on  quantities.  STEPHEN  J.  REYNOLDS’  DIS¬ 
TILLERY,  SOUTH  NORWALK,  CONNECTICUT. 


A  Farmer  Looks  at 
Prices  and  Wages 

fey  ft.  P.  Peed 


I  WOULD  like  to  make  a  few  com¬ 
ments  on  farm  prices  and  wages  for 
labor  as  seen  through  the  eyes  of  a 
farmer  who  has  no  other  source  of  in¬ 
come  except  that  earned  by  himself  and 
his  family  on  the  farm. 

Having  served  in  the  armed  forces 
of  this  country  all  through  World  War 
No.  1  (U.  S.  Navy  1914-19),  my  know¬ 
ledge  of  prices  during  that  time  is 
not  first  hand.  But,  at  the  expiration 
of  my  enlistment,  I  worked  in  the  Hog 
Island  Shipyard  as  a  ship  fitter  at  80c 
per  hour,  44  hours  a  week.  Out  of  this 
I  paid  $15  per  week  board  in  a  hotel  on 
government  property.  This  was  for  a 
small  room  and  two  meals  a  day.  Noon 
lunch  was  purchased  in  the  yard  res¬ 
taurant  and  averaged  50c  a  day.  A  poor 
suit  of  clothes  cost  $60;  a  suit  of  cover¬ 
alls  $7.50;  and  working  gloves  $2.50 
a  pair.  For  the  wages  paid,  living  costs 
were  high. 

Today  that  same  job  pays  $1.30  per 
hour,  and  board  is  not  any  more  than 
it  was  then.  One  can  buy  a  better  suit 
of  clothes  for  $35.00,  and  work  clothes 
are  half  the  above  quoted  prices.  So 
much  for  the  wage  side  of  the  question. 

FOOD  NOT  COSTLY 

I  have  farmed  it  for  the  past  twenty 
years,  so  I  believe  I  am  qualified  to 
make  some  comments  from  the  farm¬ 
er’s  point  of  view. 

The  records  show  that,  during  the 
First  World  War,  eggs  sold  for  as  high 
as  $1  per  dozen;  butter,  80c  per  pound; 
potatoes,  $4  per  bushel;  sugar,  32c  per 
pound;  fat  steers,  $13  to  $14  per  cwt.; 
hogs,  $22  per  cwt.;  wheat,  better  than 
$2  per  bushel;  and  milk,  $3.26  per  cwt. 
Farm  labor  was  $4.50  per  day  plus 
board  and  room;  by  the  month,  $65 
with  house,  garden,  milk,  potatoes  and 
fuel. 

Today  the  highest  quotation  for  eggs 
is  49c;  butter,  43c;  potatoes,  $1.25; 
sugar,  6%c  per  pound;  steers,  $16.60; 
hogs,  $15.10;  wheat,  $1.24;  milk,  $2.54, 
and  day  labor  is  60c  an  hour,  and  “you 
can’t  get  it”,  while  married  men  work¬ 
ing  for  farmers  today  are  getting  $100 
per  month  plus  the  usual  perquisites. 

I  think  the  summary  would  show  an 
average  increase  of  50%  in  wages  over 
those  of  the  first  World  War  and  a  de¬ 
crease  in  farm  prices  of  over  50%. 

Even  Mrs.  Roosevelt  has  written  in 
My  Day:  “In  the  war  period  of  April 
1917  to  September  1917,  the  cost  of 
living  rose  10.4  per  cent  compared  to 
the  preceding  six  months  from  October 
1916  to  March  1917.  This  time  we  have 
done  better.  From  January  1942  to  June 
1942,  the  cost  of  living  rose  only  5.6 
per  cent  compared  to  the  previous  six 
months  from  July  1941  to  December 
1941.” 

‘WHEN  DO  WE  EAT?” 

Food,  clothing,  and  shelter  are  the 
three  things  essential  to  a  wholesome 
life,  but  most  people  have  taken  these 
things  for  granted  for  so  long  that  they 
do  not  consider  their  source.  They  do 
not  realize  that,  in  spite  of  all  the  ad¬ 
vances*  of  science,  they  still  have  to 
rely  on  the  land  for  most  of  the  basic 
materials  which  are  used  in  the  synthe¬ 
tics.  It  is  about  time  that  this  Adminis¬ 
tration  and  the  half-baked  economists 
who  seem  to  have  control  of  the  key 
position  in  the  administration,  come  to 
their  senses. 

A  baby  is  born,  the  first  breath  of 
life  is  spanked  into  it,  and  then  a  yowl 
is  set  up  for  food.  A  man  on  the  brink 
of  death  has  his  wishes  catered  to  as 
to  what  he  would  like  to  eat;  the 
prisoner  on  his  way  to  the  chair  is 
given  his  choice  of  the  food  that  makes 
up  his  last  meal.  The  most  popular 


four  words  in  any  language  are  “when 
do  we  eat?”  Yet,  because  we  farmers 
ask  for  just  treatment  in  regard  to 
farm  prices — which,  by  the  way,  are 
farm  wages — in  order  that  we  may 
furnish  not  only  this  nation  but  all  na¬ 
tions  with  this  “bread  of  life”,  we  are 
called  “greedy”,  intent  on  pushing  the 
country  into  inflation,  “selfish”,  be¬ 
cause  we  ask  decent  living  conditions 
for  families,  and  “unpatriotic”  because 
we  do  not  work  for  nothing  and  board 
ourselves.  I  deny  that  we  belong  to  any 
of  these  groups.  We  are  hard  headed 
enough  to  believe  in  high  prices  and 
high  wages,  for  in  a  capitalistic  coun¬ 
try  competition  and  ingenuity  will 
cause  differences  in  the  quality  of  the 
comforts  of  life.  They  are  necessary  so 
that  all  tastes  may  be  suited,  provid¬ 
ing  this  stuff  we  call  money  continues 
to  be  used  as  a  medium  of  exchange 
and  is  to  be  had  by  all  groups  of  people 
in  sufficient  amounts  to  live  decently. 

FARMERS  “ON  THE  JOB” 

Our  boys  have  gone,  by  the  thou¬ 
sands,  into  the  service  of  our  country. 
The  average  age  of  the  people  left  at 
home  to  carry  on  the  burden  of  supply¬ 
ing  these  conquering  armies  with  the 
essentials  of  war  is  over  fifty.  And,  as 
General  MacArthur  has  stated,  “no 
general  can  make  something  out  of  no¬ 
thing.”  Neither  can  we. 

Agriculture  has  always  been  de¬ 
fenceless  against  force.  It  is  the  least 
manageable  of  businesses  and  has  to 
depend  on  time  and  weather  as  well  as 
politics.  But,  in  spite  of  these  things, 
we  shall  “Remember  Pearl  Harbor” 
and  go  on  to  Victory  by  being  prac¬ 
tical  instead  of  theoretical. 

The  thing  for  those  in  control  to 
remember  is  that  all  prices  are  relative. 
$1  for  a  bushel  of  wheat  is  high  if 
everything  else  is  low,  while  $5  a  bushel 
for  wheat  is  low  if  everything  else  is 
high.  Mr.  Henderson  has  so  far  done 
nothing  effective  to  reduce  the  high 
cost  of  food  to  the  consumer.  His  only 
idea  seems  to  be  to  depress  the  prices 
of  the  food  producers.  If  the  “Food 
for  Victory”  program  is  scuttled,  it  will 
be  the  fault  of  the  Administration  and 
not  of  the  farmers.  Take  the  pressure 
off  Secretary  Wickard,  and  his  com¬ 
mon  knowledge  of  the  farmer’s  side 
of  the  question  will  turn  the  tide  for 
an  all-out  effort  in  the  production  of 
Food  for  Victory. 

—  a.  a. — 

WAR  CHANGED 
OUR  PLANS 

( Continued  from  Page  7) 

We  have  given  up  our  weekly  trip 
to  the  movies  in  town  because  our  ag¬ 
ing  all-purpose  car  must  serve  like  a 
soldier,  “for  the  duration  and  six 
months.”  But  we’ve  been  having  birth¬ 
day  parties  and  outdoor  picnics  in  the 
neighborhood.  And  how  nice  it  is  to 
really  know  your  neighbors! 

In  April,  my  youngest  brother  left 
with  selectees  for  the  army.  In  June, 
another  brother,  a  young  groom,  was 
taken.  Here  at  home,  a  neglected 
habit  of  corresponding  was  revived.  A 
good  change,  I  think.  My  thoughts 
have  changed,  too.  As  radio  news 
comes  in,  and  “for  further  details  I  see 
my  newspapers”,  I  am  developing  a 
hate-not  for  any  special  people  or 
group — but  for  all  tyranny,  oppression 
and  Hitlerism,  and  it  will  continue  un¬ 
til  all  of  it  is  stamped  out.  There  is 
much  to  do  yet — to  do  without  when 
necessary;  do  our  jobs,  whatever  they 
niay  be,  cheerfully;  buy  stamps  and 
bonds  as  often  as  we  can;  in  short,  we 
will  all  be  good  soldiers  on  the  home 
front. — Mrs.  W.  Alger,  Auburn,  N.  Y. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  September  12,  1942 


1  1  (497) 


n 


YOU  **  YOUR  FARM 


A  WARTIME  PROGRAM  FOR  FARMERS 


a/id  tfte  WA 


Turn  in  your 

JUNK 


By  W.  I.  MYERS, 
Consultant,  War  Savings  Staff.  ► 


FARMERS,  like  all  other  citizens, 
are  anxious  to  do  their  full  share 
in  the  nation’s  war  effort,  including 
assistance  in  financing  the  war  through 
the  purchase  of  War  Bonds.  How¬ 
ever,  the  farmer’s  problem  is  more 
difficult  because,  unlike  the  factory 
worker,  he  has  to  finance  his  own  job 
as  well  as  his  home.  The  average  in¬ 
vestment  per  worker  on  United  States 
farms  is  approximately  the  same  as 
in  industry. 

1.  Maximum  Production  of 
Essential  Foods  and  Fibers. 

The  first  and  most  important  job  of 
farmers  is  the  maximum  production  of 
essential  foods  and  fibers  for  our  arm¬ 
ed  forces,  our  allies,  and  ourselves. 
Food  production  is  of  equal  importance 
with  the  production  of  planes,  guns, 
and  ships.  The  requirements  of  our 
allies  are  increasing  steadily.  With 
increasing  shortages  of  labor,  machin¬ 
ery  and  farm  supplies,  the  maximum 
efforts  of  farmers  and  their  families 
will  be  required  to  meet  expanding  re¬ 
quirements. 

It  is  good  business  to  use  the  credit 
necessary  for  intensive  operation,  but 
debts  should  be  kept  at  the  lowest 
point  that  will  permit  an  efficient  busi¬ 
ness.  Conditions  are  favorable  for  en¬ 
larging  a  small  farm  business  to  effi¬ 
cient  size  if  labor  is  available  and  it 
can  be  financed  safely.  However,  it  is 
unwise  to  use  credit  to  enlarge  farms 
beyond  the  size  necessary  for  reason¬ 
able  efficiency. 

2.  Get  Debts  in  Shape. 

The  second  job  of  farmers  is  to  get 
their  debts  in  shape  by  reducing  ex¬ 
cessive  debts  to  a  safe  basis.  There  is 
no  conflict  between  the  reduction  of 
debts  and  the  War  Bond  program.  In¬ 
come  paid  on  debts  does  not  compete 
with  the  war  effort  and  hence  does  not 
contribute  to  inflation.  Then,  too,  such 
payments  are  available  for  use  by 
creditors  or  credit  agencies  for  the  pur¬ 
chase  of  War  Bonds  or  other  Govern¬ 
ment  securities. 

Every  farmer,  no  matter  how  heavy 
his  debts,  will  want  to  buy  some  War 
Bonds  for  the  satisfaction  of  feeling 
that  he  is  giving  some  direct  financial 
aid  to  his  country  in  this  great  emerg¬ 
ency.  However,  in  order  to  insure 
their  continuing  operations  as  food 
producers,  heavily  indebted  farmers 
should  use  the  major  part  of  their  in¬ 
creased  incomes  to  reduce  their  debts 
to  a  conservative  level  so  they  can 
withstand  bad  years  which  may  come 
later.  After  paying  up  delinquencies 
and  extensions,  if  any,  the  next  step 
is  the  reduction  of  excessive  mortgage 
debts  to  a  safe  basis.-  Land  Bank 
Commissioner  loans  and  other  emerg¬ 
ency  second  mortgages  should  be  paid 
off  as  rapidly  as  possible.  Production 
loans  should  also  be  reduced  to  a  con¬ 
servative  level. 

It  is  equally  important  for  farmers 
to  get  the  debts  of  their  cooperatives 
in  shape.  Efficient  cooperatives  are  of 
vital  importance  in  enabling  farmers 
to  meet  the  demands  of  the  victory 
food  program  with  wartime  shortages 
and  restrictions.  Cooperatives  per¬ 
form  necessary  services  in  marketing 


farm  products  and  purchasing  essential 
farm  supplies  that  can  be  done  most 
effectively  by  group  action. 

3.  Invest  in  War  Bonds. 

The  third  job  of  farmers  is  to  invest 
in  War  Bonds  to  help  the  Nation  and 
to  build  financial  reserves.  Farmers 
who  are  out  of  debt  can  begin  at  once 
by  investing  all  of  their  available  in¬ 
come  above  necessary  business  and  liv¬ 
ing  expenses  in  War  Bonds.  The  ex¬ 
perience  of  the  last  war  period  indi¬ 
cates  that  such  farmers  will  find  great¬ 
er  security  and  satisfaction  in  the  long 
run  in  building  financial  reserves  to 
protect  their  farms  and  their  standard 
of  living  than  in  enlarging  their  hold¬ 
ings  beyond  the  size  necessary  for  effi¬ 
cient  operation.  The  possible  profit 
from  the  speculative  purchase  of  farm 
land  in  periods  of  favorable  prices  and 
incomes  is  seldom  worth  the  worry  and 
the  risk  of  losing  all  if  a  severe  de¬ 
pression  should  follow.  In  addition 
speculation  in  farm  land  is  harmful  to 
agriculture  and  to  the  Nation. 

4.  War  Bonds  the  Best 
Financial  Reserve. 

War  bonds  are  the  promises  to  pay 
of  the  strongest  government  in  the 
world.  They  are  not  transferable,  but 
the  investment  will  be  repaid  to  the 
owner  if  needed  at  any  time  after  six¬ 
ty  days  from  issue.  If  left  for  one 
year  or  more,  interest  will  be  received 
in  addition  and  if  left  to  maturity,  in 
ten  years,  the  investor  gets  back  $4.00 
for  every  $3.00  put  in. 

During  this  war  period  the  produc¬ 
tion  of  automobiles,  farm  tractors, 
combines  and  other  machinery  will  be 
greatly  reduced  because  of  the  need  of 
steel  and  other  critical  materials  for 
war  purposes.  A  part  of  the  money 
received  by  farmers  for  their  products 
is  pay  for  the  wearing  out  of  all  «types 
of  farm  equipment.  It  is  not  income 
but  is  a  return  of  working  capital 
which  is  being  worn  out.  The  money 
that  would  ordinarily  be  used  to  re¬ 
place  automobiles  and  farm  equipment 
should  be  invested  in  War  Bonds  as 
a  depreciation  reserve  which  will  be 
available  for  replacement  after  the 
war. 

Many  farm  families  will  now  have 
money  available  for  the  purchase  of 
electric  refrigerators  or  water  systems, 
or  other  home  equipment,  or  for  the 
improvement  of  farm  homes,  but  these 
facilities  for  comfortable  living  are  not 
available.  By  investing  the  cost  of 
the  desired  improvements  in  War 
Bonds  it  will  be  possible  to  insure 
their  purchase  when  factories  have 
changed  back  from  the  production  of 
war  goods  to  those  of  peace. 

After  debts  have  been  reduced  to  a 
safe  basis,  it  is  safer  and  better  for 
most  farmers  to  build  an  adequate 
financial  reserve  through  investment  in 
War  Bonds  than  to  apply  all  available 
income  on  debts.  If  all  income  is  ap¬ 
plied  on  debts,  it  will  probably  be 
necessary  to  borrow  again  in  order  to 
replace  tractors  or  automobiles  or  oth¬ 
er  farm  machinery  when  they  become 
available.  At  some  times  in  the  past 
it  has  been  difficult  to  borrow  especi- 
( Continued  on  Page  15) 


Your  country  needs  it  now 


National  Scrap 
Harvest 

Join  the  other  farmers 
in  your  locality  by 
getting  all  the  Junk 
off  your  farm  and 
into  the  hands  of  war 
production  factories. 
If  you  are  not  sure 
just  what  to  do  about 
it,  get  in  touch  with 
your  County  War 
Board  or  your  farm 
implement  dealer. 


Farmers  have  already  re¬ 
sponded  generously  to  Ameri¬ 
ca’s  call  for  scrap  iron  and 
other  Junk. 

But  that  is  not  enough. 
There  still  remain  on  the  na¬ 
tion’s  farms — in  fence  corners 
and  gullies — in  weed-grown 
piles — millions  of  tons  of  Junk 
which  is  not  doing  its  part  to 
help  win  the  war. 

Just  think  —  one  old  plow 
will  help  make  100  armor¬ 
piercing  projectiles 

—  an  old  pail  will  make 
3  bayonets 

—  an  old  hand  cornsheller 
will  make  three  1-inch 
shells 

Scrap  iron  and  steel — other 
metals  and  anything  rubber — 
Manila  rope — burlap  bags — 
rags — they  are  all  needed  at 
once. 


The  Junk  which  you  collect  is 
bought  by  industry  from  scrap 
dealers  at  established,  govern¬ 
ment-controlled  prices. 

The  steel  that  goes  into  farm 
machinery  is  just  about  the 
finest  quality  of  steel  there  is. 
It  may  be  broken  and  rusty 
but  it  is  just  what  the  war 
factories  need  for  guns,  tanks, 
aircraft  carriers,  submarines 
and  other  implements  of  war. 
Half  of  the  steel  for  these 
things  is  made  from  ore  out  of 
our  great  iron  mines,  which 
are  already  working  to  full 
capacity.  The  other  half  must 
come  from  scrap. 

If  you  have  been  keeping 
old  machinery  for  the  parts 
(gears,  nuts,  bolts)  it  may  pro¬ 
vide,  strip  it  now  of  those 
parts  and  turn  in  the  useless 
remainder  for  war  production. 

Throw  YOUR  scrap  into  the  fight! 


This  message  approved  by  Conservation  Division 

WAR  PRODUCTION  BOARD 

This  advertisement  paid  for  by  the  American  Industries  Salvage  Committee 
(representing  and  with  funds  provided  by  groups  of  leading  industrial  concerns }. 


(498)  12 


Aj  aerican  Agriculturist,  September  12,  19415 


NOW  MORE  THAN  EVER  POULTRY  WORMING  PAYS 


worming  pays.  But  be  sure  to  use 
genuine  Dr.  Salsbury's  Rota-Caps! 

Buy  Dr.  Salsbury's 
Rota-Caps  from 
hatcheries,  feed 
dealers,  druggists 
who  display  this  sign.  They  are  mem¬ 
bers  of  Dr.  Salsbury's  Nation-wide 
Poultry  Health  Service,  trained  to  give 
you  sound,  free  advice.  If  there's  no 
Dr.  Salsbury  dealer  near  you,  mail 
your  order  to  Dr.  Salsbury's  Labora¬ 
tories,  Charles  City,  Iowa. 

ROTA-CAPS'  LOW  RETAIL  PRICES 

PULLET  SIZE  ADULT  SIZE 

50  caps .  .  .  .  $  .50  100  caps.  ..  .$1.35 

100  caps . 90  200  caps....,  2.50 

300  caps....  2.50  500  caps....  5.00 

AVI-TON  for  FLOCK  ROUNDWORMING 
Some  poultryrr.en  prefer  a  flock  round- 
wormer.  Avi-Ton  meets  their  needs  ex¬ 
actly.  Mixes  easily  with  the  mash;  con¬ 
tains  seven  supportive  drugs  in  addition 
to  those  that  get  the  worms. 

PHEN-O-SAL  for  BOWEL  TROUBLES 
Birds  of  all  ages  can  be  treated  with 
Dr.  Salsbury’s  PHEN-O-SAL,  the  “double¬ 
duty”  drinking  water  medicine.  (1)  Checks 
germ  growth  in  the  drinking  water;  (2) 
Medicates  bird’s  digestive  system. 


Mi.  EEP  'Em  Growing!  Don't  let  worms 
retard  your  birds'  growth!  Keep  'em  lay¬ 
ing!  Use  the  wormer  that  won't  knock 
egg  production.  With  prices  up,  worm 
your  birds  with  ROTA-CAPS!  Rota-Caps 
contain  Rotamine,  the  exclusive  drug 
discovery  of  Dr.  Salsbury's  Laboratories. 


With  Rotamine's  thorough  but  gentle 
action,  Rota-Caps  don't  set  back  grow¬ 
ing  birds,  don't  knock  egg  production! 
Rota-Caps  get  those  damaging  intes¬ 
tinal  capillaria  worms,  large  round- 
worms,  and  tapeworms  (heads  and  all) 
as  listed  on  the  label.  Two  sizes,  one 
for  pullets  and  one  for  adult  birds;  each 
contains  correct  dosage,  is  easy  to  give. 


Competent  national  survey  showed 
2  to  1  poultry  raiser  preference  for 
ROTA-CAPS.  "Don't  make  birds  sick" 
— "Birds  do  better" — "They  don't  knock 
egg  production,"  they  wrote. 


And  no  wonder!  Dr.  Salsbury's  Lab¬ 
oratories  have  pioneered  in  develop¬ 
ing  efficient  worming  treatment  for 
years.  ROTA-CAPS  are  the  result  of 
pains-taking  scientific  research  and 
careful  testing-in-actual-use  on  Dr.  Sals¬ 
bury's  55-acre  experimental  poultry  farm. 


Yes,  now,  more  than  ever,  poultry 


DR. SALSBURY'S 


,  The  ONLY  POULTRY  WORMER  CONTAINING  ROTAMINE „ 


REAL  SPORT 

There’s  nothing  to  compare  with  a 
day  in  the  field  with  dog  and  gun. 
To  get  the  most  of  it  for  yourself 
and  your  sportsman  friends 

Post  Your  Farm 

with  our  “NO  TRESPASSING ”  signs 

and  keep  off  the  undesirables  who 
make  a  nuisance  of  themselves. 
Our  signs  are  printed  on  a  heavy, 
durable  fabric  ((12"xl2")  that  with¬ 
stands  wind  and  weather,  are  easy 
to  see  and  read. 

Price  WITHOUT  Name  and  Address 
$1.00  per  doz.;  $3.50  per  50;  $6.50  per  100 
Price  WITH  Name  and  Address 
$3.00  per  doz.;  $5.50  per  50;  $8.50  per  100 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 

10  N.  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


Worm  Your  Birds  Now  Quickly-Easily 

GIZZARD  CAPSULES 

Won’t  Retard  Growth  or  Check  Egg  Production 

Don’t  let  worms  cheat  Uncle 
Sam  of  needed  eggs  or  rob  your 
poultry  profits.  Worm  NOW  with 
safe,  effective  GIZZARD  CAP¬ 
SULES!  Won’t  sicken  birds  or 
knock  egg  production.  For  all  3 
kinds  of  worms  —  Pin,  Large 
Round  and  Large  Tapes.  Gets 
heads  of  all  species  of  Tapes 
that  any  product  on  market  can 
get.  About  lc  or  less  per  bird. 

At  Lee  Dealers  (drug,  hatchery 
or  feed  store)  or  postpaid  from 
GEO.  H.  LEE  CO.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 


William  Pelkey,  R.  2,  Chazy,  N.  Y. 

SQUABS 


WAR 


4, 


Squabs  wanted  to  save 
beef,  pork  for  army, 
navy.  Thousands  need¬ 
ed.  Raised  in  only  25 
days.  Royal  squabs  sell  at  TOP  poul¬ 
try  prices.  Write  for  war  prices  and 
starter  FREE  BOOK  with  easy  profit¬ 
able  methods  of  breeders  in  every  State. 
RICE  FARM,  206  H  St., Melrose,  Mass. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


HARDWOOD  SAWDUST  OR  SHAVINGS.  Car  lots 
$4fi  00,  standard  box  cars  filled  to  capacity.  MONTI- 

CELLO  LUMBER  CO,  INC.,  Monticello,  New  York. 


BROILERS 

FOUR  YEARS  AGO  I  went  out  of 
the  chicken  business.  Now  I  am 
back  in  it.  I  had  forgotten  what  an 
excellent  antidote  for  swivel-chair  air¬ 
castling  it  can  be  for  one  to  get  into 
overalls,  and  actually  do  some  of  the 
things  he  talks  about. 

For  more  than  a  year  I  have  been 
getting  ready  to  write  a  bulletin  about 

broiler  growing  in 
New  York  State. 
I  have  visited  the 
Delmarva  section, 
Long  Island  broil¬ 
er  farms,  and  sev¬ 
eral  more  isolated 
enterprises.  Now  I 
am  gro  wing  a 
thousand  on  our 
own  place.  They 
were  5  weeks  old 
August  18  and  to 
date  all  is  well. 
They  are  in  a  room 
27x30  feet  over  a 
three-car  garage. 
A  partition  divides 
the  room  into  two 
pens.  On  one  side 
are  515  White 
Plymouth  Rocks,  straight  run,  on  the 
other  side  515  Red-Rock  crossbreds. 
They  are  fed  from  separate  supply 
cans.  Already  the  White  Rocks  have 
eaten  100  pounds  more  mash  than  the 
crossbreds,  and  they  show  it.  On  the 
floor  of  each  pen  we  put  a  bale-and- 
a-half  of  shredded  cane  litter.  For 
drinking  fountains  we  are  using  one- 
gallon  oil  cans  that  cost  me  nothing  at 
the  filling  station,  and  deep  agateware 
pie  pans  that  cost  10c  at  the  5  and  10 
store.  At  that  price  we  can  afford  to 
have  plenty — 6  in  each  pen.  One  elec¬ 
tric  hover  in  each  pen  got  them  off  to 
a  good  start— no  chilling  and  no  over¬ 
heating.  Current  cost  was  almost 
nothing — one  advantage  of  July  brood¬ 
ing.  In  the  day  time  they  would  be 
too  warm  if  it  was  not  for  four  inches 
of  shavings  in  the  side  walls  and  attic, 
and  a  cross  draft  when  we  open  win¬ 
dows  at  both  sides  of  the  room.  We 
are  moving  one  lot  to  roomier  quarters, 
and  giving  the  other  lot  the  run  of 
both  present  pens. 

*  %  * 

RATS 

On  the  top  floor  of  the  main  poultry 
house  we  have  “550  crossbred  pullets 
that  were  hatched  in  February.  These 
I  purchased  at  two  cents  a  pound 
above  what  a  buyer  had  offered  for 
them  for  market.  I  had  my  pick  from 
1000.  They  just  started  to  lay  about 
the  middle  of  August. 

In  getting  the  house  ready  for  those 


fey  Jfe.  £,  WeaveA 

pullets,  I  learned  two  things  at  least. 
It  takes  a  whale  of  a  lot  longer  to  do 
a  good  job  of  getting  a  place  ready 
than  I  had  supposed,  and  it  is  possible 
to  get  rid  of  rats  with  much  less  ef¬ 
fort  than  one  would  imagine. 

To  clean  the  house  (two  floors)  we 
took  out  18  spreader  loads  of  dry  dusty 
built-up  litter.  Using  a  hose  attached 
to  the  water  line  we  then  soaked  the 
floors  so  that  with  a  hoe  I  could  easily 
scrape  loose  all  the  dried-on  manure. 
Then  with  more  water  and  a  stiff 
stable  broom  I  swept  and  scrubbed 
until  the  floor  was  clean. 

Several  years  ago  we  had  painted 
one  floor  with  carbolineum.  Even  now 
that  floor  cleaned  much  easier.  So  this 
time  we  painted  the  other  floor  with 
crank-case  oil.  With  a  broom  to 
spread  it,  the  job  was  soon  done.  The 
roosting  frames  were  painted  with  car¬ 
bolineum  (not  sprayed)  after  they  had 
been  soaked  with  water  and  scrubbed 
clean.  Our  nests  stack  up  like  a  sec¬ 
tional  book-case  to  make  a  laying 
room.  It  was  no  job  at  all  to  clean 
them  by  a  vigorous  sweeping.  Then 
they  were  sprayi  with  a  strong  dis¬ 
infectant.  . 

All  this  time  we  were  working  on 
the  rats  off  and  on.  It  is  an  insulated 
house  and  was  rat-proof  until  some  of 
the  screens  were  left  off  the  windows. 
Now  there  were  numerous  holes  into 
the  ceiling  and  side  walls.  With  tin 
shears  I  cut  a  discarded  wire  screen 
into  pieces  to  cover  these  holes,  and 
nailed  them  on  one  edge  only.  Thus  it 
was  possible  for  the  rats  to  come  out 
but  they  could  not  get  back.  Eventu¬ 
ally  this  trick  did  get  the  rats  out  of 
the  two  upper  floors,  but  it  took  a 
week.  They  chewed  a  number  of  addi¬ 
tional  holes,  and  the  last  two  rats  were 
eliminated  by  three  boys  in  the  attic 
with  flashlights  and  twenty-twos. 
Knowing  what  it  cost  in  time  and 
sweat  to  get  the  job  done,  I  think  I 
should  be  pardoned  if  I  am  a  bit  proud 
of  the  appearance  of  those  two  floors 

TURKEYS  ~A  A  _ 

New  York  farmers  are  raising  about 
2%  more  turkeys  than  they  did  last 
year.  The  New  York  crop  this  year 
is  estimated  at  428,000  turkeys,  last 
year,  420,000.  The  increase  for  the 
entire  country  is  about  1%. 

— a.  a. — 

CHICKENS 

The  number  of  chickens  raised  in 
New  York  State  this  year,  121,316,000, 
an  increase  of  12%  over  last  year. 
The  increase  of  the  United  States  is 

10%. 


L.  E.  Weaver 


Red  mites  got  a  start,  and  this  poultryman  is  doing  a  thorough  job  of  killing  them- 
A  putty  knife  is  used  to  scrape  off  dried  droppings.  Then  each  roost  is  taken  o 
and  painted  with  carbolineum.  An  attempt  to  paint  the  roosts  without  removing 
them  would  fail  to  get  all  of  the  mites,  and  the  whole  job  would  have  to  be  done 

over  again. 


Ai  jeriean  Agriculturist  September  12,  1942 


13 


(499) 


HALLS 

Qua&Ui 

CHICKS 


Now  is  the  Time 
to  Order 

■■SEND  FOR  THf* 

I  Fall  Hatched  for£ 

I  Extra  Profits. 

■  jiau  s  Fall  Hatched  Chicks  f! 

come  into  peak  production  when  egg  prices  O 
are  highest — help  maintain  uniform  produc-  © 
tion  the  year  round.  Get  more  profit  from  * 
your  flock  without  any  increase  in  equipment.  O 
All  chicks  from  Pullorum  Free  stock,  shipped  < 
prepaid  and  Guaranteed  100%  Live  Delivery.  ■ 
Figure  out  your  needs  and  get  ' 

your  share  of  the  extra  profits 
from  Fall  Hatched  chtcks  by 
Ordering  Now. 

HALL  BROTHERS  HATCHERY, 

INC.,  Box  59.  Wallingford.  Conn. 


WELL  BRED  from  WELL  BREEDERS 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


Hatches  Mon.-Tues.-Wed.  -Thurs.  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ $9.00  $16.00  $3.00 

Black  or  White  Minorcas _  9.00  16.00  3.00 

J5. &W.Rox,  R.  I.  Reds,  W.  Wy.-IO.OO  13.00  10.00 

lied -Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross— 10.00  13.00  1  0.00 

Jersey  White  Giants- _ 12.00  15.00  12.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAASUP.)-1 2.00  16.00  10.00 

II  Mix  $9;  HEAVY  BROILER  CHIX,  no  sex  guar., 
$8.50;  Breeders  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D.,  100  %  live 
del.  Post  Pd.  AMUR.  SEXORS  ONLY"  95%  Accuracy. 
C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY.  Box  A,  McAlisterville.  Pa. 


"/X  CERTAINLY  PROUD 

IhHf  M  0  U  L ' 

NEW  HAMPSHIRES" 


"I  have  ability  to  grow  quickly  and 
PRODUCE  heavily  —  thus  help  in  The 
Food  for  Freedom  Drive.”  MouPs  New 
Hampshires  or  Crossbreds  —  best  for 
eggs  or  broilers.  15,000  Breeders.  100%  Pullorum 
Clean.  Catalog. 


MOUL’S  BRENTWOOD  POULTRY  FARMS 

BOX  A,  EXETER.  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


(  ASH  011  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Ckls. 

Special  Mating  Hanson  Str.  100  100  100 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS - $10.00  $17.00  $4.00 

Large  English  S.  C.  Wh.  Leghorns  9.00  16.00  4.00 

Bar.  &  Wh.  Rocks.  R.  I.  Reds..  10.00  12.00  10.00 

Red-Rock  Cross  &  Rock-Red  Cross  11.00  13.00  11.00 

Heavy  Mixed  $9.-100.  All  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Post- 
Paid.  Sexing  guar.  95%  accurate.  Order  direct  from 
adv.  or  write  for  FREE  cat.  Hatches  Monday  and 
Thursday  of  each  week. 

Chester  Valley  Hatchery,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


Chicks  That  Live 


Our  34  years  of  fair  dealing  insure 
satisfaction.  Hatches  every  week. 
Write  for  prices. 

KERR  CHICKERIES,  Inc. 

21  Railroad  Ave.  Frenchtown,  N.  J. 


TOLMAN’S  Plymouth  ROCKS 

Baby  Chicks  $12.00  per  lOO 

All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100%  State 
Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube  Agglut.  TOLMAN’S  ROCKS 
famous  for  Rapid  Growth,  Early  Maturity,  Profitable 
Egg  Yield.  Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters 
or  market  eggs.  Send  for  FREE  circular.  I  Specialize 
—  One  Breed.  One  Grade  at  One  Price. 

JOSEPH  TOLMAN,  Dept.  B.  ROCKLAND.  MASS. 


CLEAR  SPRING  CHICKS 


- J — I  I  J 

JB  95%  Guar.  Pullets  Str.  Pult’s  Ckls. 

* - 100%  live  del.  100  100  100 

Our  Famous  Hanson  Leghorns - $10.00  $17.00  $4.00 

Large  Type  English  Leghorns -  9.00  16.00  4.00 

Bar.  Rocks  &  R.  I.  Rods _  10.00  12.00  10.00 

W.  Rox,  N.  H.  Reds,  Red-Rock  Cr.. 1 1.00  13.00  11.00 

Heavy  Mixed  _  9-00  -  9.00 

All  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Postpaid.  1942  Catalog  FREE. 

CLEAR  SPRING  HATCHERY, 

F.  B.  LEISTER,  Owner,  Box  51.  McAlisterville.  Pa. 


ULSH  FARMS  CHICKS 

All  Breeders  carefully  culled  and  Bloodtested.  Order 
direct.  Satisfaction  and  safe  arrival  Guar.  Cat.  Free. 
Shipments  Mon.  &  Thurs.  —  Unsexed,  Pullets,  Cock’ls 
Postage  Paid.  Will  Ship  C.O.D.  per  100  per  10C  per  100 
Large  Grade  A  White  Leghoms—$9.50  $16.00  $5.00 

Barred,  White  and  Buff  Rocks —  9.50  12.00  10.50 

R.  1.  Reds,  New  Hampshires _  9.50  12.00  10.50 

Red-Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross -  9.50  12.00  10.50 

Heavy  Broilers  of  above  Breeds,  Sex  Guar.  $8.00-100. 

Sexing  Guaranteed  95%  correct.  Our  20th  Year. 
ULSH  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A.  Port  Trevorton,  Pa. 


EXTRA  SAVINGS  &  PROFITS  on 

WENE^  CHICKS 


Leading-  pore  or  crossbreeds.  Sexed.  U.  S.  N.  J.  Approved,  tfiooa* 
tested.  Hatches  weekly  year  around.  Literature  FREE. 

WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  Box  J-4  ,  VINELAND,  N.  J. 


that  you  saw  the 
product  advertised  in 

American  Agriculturist 

When  calling  on  your  local  dealer 


JOHN  L.  LEWIS 
ATTACKS  AGAIN 

( Continued  from  Page  3) 

promises  of  better  prices  for  milk. 

Farmers  and  city  people  of  course 
have  many  things  in  common.  Groups 
or  organizations  representing  each  can 
meet  together  and  bargain.  But  it  is 
nonsense  to  think  that  farmers  and 
consumers,  that  is  sellers  and  buyers, 
can  work  in  the  same  group.  Their  in¬ 
terests  are  opposite. 

Another  point  that  the  United  Mine 
Workers’  organizers  have  used  and 
will  continue  to  use  is  that  anybody 
who  opposes  them  are  the  “stooges” 
or  “tools”  of  the  milk  dealers.  Just 
the  other  day  representatives  of  farm¬ 
ers  from  all  over  New  England  met  in 
Boston  to  take  further  steps  against 
Lewis’  invasion  in  the  New  England 
milk  shed.  In  speaking  of  that  meet¬ 
ing,  Ray  Thomason,  Regional  Director 
of  the  Mine  Workers,  said: 

“Activities  of  milk  trust  stooges  in 
New  England  are  not  disturbing  the 
dairy  farmers”  —  meaning  of  course 
that  they  were  not  disturbing  the  Unit¬ 
ed  Mine  Workers. 

In  the  New  York  milk  shed  almost 
every  large  farm  organization  has 
united  to  oppose  the  Lewis  invasion. 
So  all  of  your  officers  and  leaders,  of 
your  Grange,  Farm  Bureau,  and  all  the 
rest,  are,  according  to  the  Mine  Work¬ 
ers,  “milk  stooges.”  So  are  the  editors 
of  American  Agriculturist.  In  fact, 
the  organizers  have  called  us  almost 
every  name  they  could  turn  their 
tongues  to  because  we  have  had  the 
courage  to  give  you  the  facts.  As  a 
result  of  the  disclosures  we  have  made, 
farmers  have  united  as  never  before, 
forgetting  minor  disagreements  and 
problems,  realizing  that  they  must 
hang  together  in  defeating  John  Lewis 
—  or  finally  all  hang  separately. 

One  fact  should  never  be  lost  sight 
of,  and  that  is  that  it  is  just  not  com¬ 
mon  sense  to  believe  that  John  L. 
Lewis  and  his  associates,  all  city  men, 
have  any  real  interest  in  getting  a 
better  price  for  the  farmers’  milk. 
Nine  out  of  ten  farmers  are  opposed 
to  Lewis  and  his  farm  schemes.  The 
great  rank  and  file  never  invited  him 
into  these  country  districts,  and  he 
knows  it.  He  knows  that  he  has  been 
repudiated  and  kicked  out  of  the  New 
York  milk  shed  by  farmers.  Yet  he 
still  claims  to  be  their  friend.  Can 
you  imagine  any  man  in  the  United 
States  kicked  off  the  front  porch  of  a 
home  still  claiming  to  be  a  friend  of 
the  man  who  had  done  it?  No.  Friend¬ 
ship  and  willingness  to  help  are  not 
Mr.  Lewis’s  real  motives  in  attempt¬ 
ing  to  organize  agriculture.  The  real 
purpose  is  to  acquire  power.  Lewis 
quarrelled  with  the  American  Federa¬ 
tion  of  Labor  because  he  could  not 
have  the  control  and  the  power  he 
wanted.  Then  he  set  up  the  C.I.O. 
and  fell  out  with  leaders  of  that  or¬ 
ganization  because  he  couldn’t  get  the 
power  and  control  that  he  sought.  He 
then  dreamed  a  great  dream  of  power 
and  glory  by  organizing  the  farmers 
of  America  and  using  them  as  a  step¬ 
ping-stone  to  becoming  the  most  pow¬ 
erful  man  in  America  bar  none, — to 
rise  to  a  position  where  he  would  be 
able  to  dictate. 

Realizing  that  it  is  just  not  worth 
while  to  win  a  war  abroad  and  lose  the 
very  thing  for  which  we  are  fighting 
here  at  home,  farmers’  organizations 
of  America  and  their  members  are  go¬ 
ing  to  fight  this  Lewis  invasion  to  the 
last  ditch.  That  is  true,  not  only  in 
this  milk  shed  but  everywhere  across 
the  United  States.  Down  through  his¬ 
tory  since  the  beginning  of  this  nation, 
farmers  have  always  done  more  than 
their  share  in  every  crisis  when  they 
had  the  facts.  They  will  this  time. 
But  the  price  of  liberty  is  eternal  vigi¬ 
lance! 


This  is  the  flyer 
who  must  eat  to 
fight— 


This  is  the  Sinclair 
man  who  can  help  the 
farmer.  How?  By 
supplying  Sinclair 
lubricants  and  fuels 
to  keep  farm  machin¬ 
ery  operating  with¬ 
out  breakdowns. 


This  is  the 
farmer  who 
must  grow  the 
food — 


A  NATION  AT  WAR  must  be  fed  despite  shortages 
of  farm  labor  and  machines.  That's  why  you 
need  dependable  Sinclair  products  to  keep 
your  farm  machinery  running.  Just  phone . 
or  write  your  nearest  Sinclair  agent.  His 
trucks  cover  farm  routes  regularly. 


CARE  FOR  YOUR  CAR  -  FOR  YOUR  COUNTRY 


FALSE  TEETH 

AS  LOW  AS  $7.95 

Per  Plate,  DENTAL  PLATES 
are  made  in  our  own  laboratory 
from  your  personal  impression . 
Our  workmanship  and  material 
GUARANTEED  or  purchase  price  refunded.  We  take  this 
risk  on  our  60-day  trial  offer.  DO  NOT  SEND  ANY  MONEY! 
MAIL  POST  CARD  for  FREE  Material  and  Catalog  of  our 
LOW  PRICES.  DON’T  PUT  IT  OFF —Write  us  TODAY! 
BRIGHT-  N  -  THOMAS  DENTAL  LABORATORY 
Dept-  1372  6217  S.  Halstead  Street,  Chicago  III. 


OTTAWA 

TRACTOR 

SAW 


Falls  Tree,  Cuts  Log 

Uses  Power  Take-off  any  trac-  ' 
tor.  Saws  fast.  Easy  on  fuel.  Hundreds  of  FREE  Book  & 
satisfied  users.  Big  labor  saver.  Low  Price.  Price  List 
OTTAWA  MFG.  CO.,  731  Forest  Ave.,  Ottawa,  Kans. 


Edward  Scheik,  R.  2,  Macedon,  N.  Y. 


WENE  U.S.Licensed  VACCINES 


Lifetime  Protection  Aqainst 

•  ♦TRACHEITIS  8c  FOWL 

t  Safeguard  your  investment  and  profits.  Easy . 
quick  vaccination  costs  less  than  one  egg  per 
bird.  No  physical  setback.  Full  instructions  SfchV'H 
til  furnished.  Write  for  free  book  on  poultry  diseases.  ,l1 

Wene  Poultry  Laboratories,  Dept.  V-J4,  Vineland,  N.  J. 


ordering  your  “No  Trespassing”  signs 
this  year.  Don’t  wait  until  the  day 
before  hunting  season  opens.  Get  your 
signs  up  early. 

Post  Your  Farm 

with  signs  that  are  easy  to  read,  and 
withstand  wind  and  weather.  WE  HAVE 
THEM  ( 12"xl2") . 

Price  WITHOUT  Name  and  Address 
$1.00  per  doz.;  $3.50  per  50;  $6.50  per  100 
Price  WITH  NAME  and  Address 
$3.00  per  doz.;  $5.50  per  50;  $8.50  per  100 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 

10  N.  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


(500)  14 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  September  12,  1942 


True  Stories  by  Our  Readers 


IVo.  3 - THE  BIRTH  OF  A  flat  clarinet  and  Fred  Townsend  had  a 

BR  4SS  BAIVB  B  flat  cornet  given  him  by  Jim  Hook' 

By  BERT  H.  TOWNSEND, 

( Third  Prize  Winner) 


IN  1880  WE  WENT  to  a  circus,  my 
brothers  and  I,  with  Father.  I  don’t 
know  how  he  happened  to  take  us 
for  he  had  neither  money  nor  time 
to  spare.  Anyhow  we  went,  and  so  did 
most  of  the  boys  in  the  neighborhood. 
That  was*  our  first  circus.  In  fact,  it 
was  the  first  time  we  ever  saw  a  town, 
except  “Slab  Holler”  (that  was  what 
Plainfield  Village  was  called  at  that 
time.) 

The  circus  was  not  unlike  any  oth¬ 
er,  then  or  now,  but  it  was  our  first 
and  what  a  show!  What  I  remember 
now  was  the  circus  band,  probably  35 
or  20  men  marching  at  the  head  of  the 
parade,  each  musician  in  a  uniform  of 
blue  with  yellow  trimmings,  and  a 
drum  major  twirling  and  tossing  a 
baton.  He  wore  a  big  tall  bearskin 
hat.  How  they  could  make  those 
horns  crack  and  rip  off  the  snappy 
marches. 

Right  then  and  there  was  born  the 
Townsend  Band,  the  band  that  later  on 
was  Marshfield’s  Juvenile  Band,  and 
still  later  Jackson’s  Band  in  honor  of 
Frank  Jackson  who  taught  us  how  to 
play. 

Yes  sir,  when  we  boys  got  home 
from  that  circus  we  began  looking  for 
things  to  make  a  band.  We  found 
some  coils  of  lead  pipe  up  over  the 
woodshed;  some  was  inch  pipe  and 
some  was  y2  inch  in  size.  We  Shaped 
a  mouthpiece  at  one  end  of  the  pipe, 
put  the  coil  over  one  shoulder  and  un¬ 
der  the  other  arm,  then  we  would 
march  around  the  house,  one  playing- 
on  the  beat  and  one  on  the  “after 
beat.”  We  discovered  by  cutting  the 
pipe  we  could  bring  the  tone  in  har¬ 
mony.  We  also  found  out  that  by 
making  holes  and  using  our  fingers  we 
could  get  a  variety  of  tones.  But  the 
lead  pipe  band  was  short-lived  when 
Father  discovered  his  lead  pipe  was 
being  cut  up. 

We  were  handicapped  by  the  lack 
of  money  to  buy  instruments.  The 
boy’s  folks  could  not  and  would  not 
fool  away  money  that  way,  so  we  got 
a  few  piccolos  and  fifes  as  premiums 
for  magazine  subscriptions.  Some 
were  in  the  key  of  C,  some  B  flat,  some 
in  A,  no  two  alike.  We  used  to  meet 
for  practice  at  the  home  of  some  of  the 
boys  that  went  to  make  up  the  band, 
but  the  mothers  and  fathers  soon  got 
tired  of  the  discords  and  out  we  went. 

I  wonder  what  they  would  think  of 
some  of  the  jazz  and  swing  bands  of 
today! 

Then  for  a  time  we  had  a  few  meet¬ 
ings  in  Howard  Martin’s  cupola  on  his 
new  barn,  and  a  few  in  Uncle  George’s 
covered  bridge.  After  a  while  we  got 
some  instruments  that  were  somewhat 
better.  I  borrowed  an  old  army  drum 
from  Fred  Slayton.  Curt  Martin  got 
money  enough  from  the  pig  business 
that  his  father  turned  over  to  him  to 
buy  a  second-hand  alto  horn.  Leo  Hill 
had  an  E  flat  clarinet  given  him  by 
an  uncle.  Frank  Townsend  had  a  B 


er. 

We  gave  a  show  at  the  schoolhouse, 
a  farce  comedy,  “Dun  Duckety’s  Pic¬ 
nic.”  Fred  Dow  sang,  “Three  Men 
Went  a-Hunting,”  and  played  his  own 
accompaniment  on  his  banjo.  Fred 
could  play  a  mouth  organ  quite  well 
and  sing,  We  didn’t  ask  any  admis¬ 
sion,  but  passed  the  hat  and,  believe 
me,  there  was  a  house  full  of  people 
and  lots  of  them  gave  a  dollar.  Good 
kind  people  those  folks  were  that  lived 
in  District  No.  il,  Marshfield,  Ver¬ 
mont. 

Most  of  the  men  wore  whiskers,  some 
of  them  drank  Medford  rum,  more  of 
them  chewed  B.  &  L.  tobacco,  and 
some  of  the  grandmothers  smoked  T.D. 
pipes  and  some  took  snuff. 

After  a  while,  brother  Fred  got 
money  enough  to  buy  a  C.  G.  Conn  B 
flat  cornet,  all  silver  and  a  gold  plated 
bell.  When  he  played,  one  eye  fol¬ 
lowed  the  music,  but  the  left  eye  look¬ 
ed  up  and  off  to  the  left.  That  would 
make  the  people  laugh.  They  thought 
he  did  it  on  purpose,  but  he  couldn’t 
help  it.  It  was  caused  by  blowing  that 
cornet  so  long  and  hard  when  he  was 
little.  Even  now  when  he  is  weighing- 
meat  for  a  customer,  one  eye  looks  at 
the  scale  and  the  other  is  looking  up 
and  off. 

Brother  George,  the  youngest,  was 
the  baby  mascot.  He  played  the  B  flat 
tuba.  The  mouthpiece  was  larger  than 


his  mouth,  so  when  he  played  he  suck¬ 
ed  in  wind  around  the  mouthpiece  and 
it  made  a  funny  noise,  and  his  cheeks 
would  bulge  out  like  a  chipmunk’s  full 
of  corn.  Folks  thought  he  did  that  on 
purpose,  but  he  couldn’t  help  it.  The 
folks  liked  to  watch  him  play,  he  was 
so  small  and  the  horn  so  big.  He  really 
could  play  that  big  horn  quite  well. 

Soon  after  the  show,  we  managed 
to  get  better  instruments,  and  Frank 
Jackson, -an  old  singing-school  master 
and  a  good  band  man,  became  inter¬ 
ested  in  our  band.  For  a  few  years 
we  were  in  much  demand  to  furnish 
music  for  serenades,  Democratic  and 
Republican  rallies,  roller  skating  rinks, 
and  promenades.  We  had  some  snappy 
blue  uniforms,  trimed  with  yellow  like 
the  circus  band’s,  but  we  never  got  a 
job  with  a  circus.  There  were  about 
eight  of  us,  ages  from  12-18.  I  really 
think  those  old  hard-working  fathers 
of  ours  tvere  actually  proud  of  us. 

A  funny  thing  happened  when  our 
band  went  to  Marshfield  to  help  cele¬ 
brate  the  4th  of  Juiy.  We  got  quite  a 
few  extra  boys  to  help  out  on  this  big 
day.  Frank  Hoyt  was  drum  major, 
and  drilled  us  on  marching.  He  had 
some  signals  that  meant  go,  stop  and 
play;  also  signals  to  make  left  or  right 
turns.  Frank  could  handle  the  baton 
like  a  professional.  He  decided  it 
would  be  fitting  for  us  to  get  out  of 
the  band  wagon  at  the  edge  of  the 
village.  We  formed  in  line  four 
abreast  and  started  up  the  main  street. 
It  was  up  hill  for  a  little  ways  so  we 
just  marched  to  the  beat  of  the  drums. 
When  we  got  to  the  top  of  the  hill, 
Frank  gave  the  signal  to  play. 

I  don’t  remember  the  name  of  the 
march  we  played,  but  it  went  all  right 
until  we  reached  the  commons  where 
the  natives  had  gathered.  We  got  a 
big  hand  there,  so  Frank  decided  to 
make  a  grand  turn  about.  He  tossed 
the  baton  high  in  the  air,  caught  it  as 
it  came  down,  clicked  his  heels  togeth¬ 
er  and  gave  the  signal  to  turn  right 
about  face.  We  were  still  playing  the 
march  and  somehow  Frank  Jack,  who 
played  the  big  helicon,  dropped  his 
music  and  in  trying  to  pick  it  up 
bumped  into  some  one  else,  and  in  no 


Because  of  the  number  of  contributions 
we  do  not  return  poems  not  published. 
Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

The  limit  in  length  is  sixteen  (16)  lines 
and  each  poem  submitted  for  this  cornpr 
must  be  original  and  the  work  of  an 
amateur  poet.  Therefore,  when  sending 
in  a  poem,  be  sure  to  state  whether  you 
are  the  author  of  it.  $2.00  will  be  paid 
for  each  one  printed.  Check  will  be  mail¬ 
ed  on  or  about  the  first  day  of  month 
following  publication. 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist,  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Jewels  In  the  Kitchen 

Purple  eggplant’s  amethyst 
Hobnobs  with  carrot’s  amber; 

By  cabbage’s  jade  green  breast 
Carnelian  tomatoes  clamber. 

Potatoes  of  agate  brown 
Near  cauliflower’s  pearls; 

Topaz  mushrooms  lay  them  down 
Where  emerald  parsley  curls. 

Onion  has  a  silver  skin, 

The  pumpkin  is  pure  gold; 

Lettuce  has  chrysolite  within, 

Beets  are  rubies  old.  .  .  . 

How  wonderful  for  you  and  me 
That  God  mixed  art  with  chemistry! 

- — Mrs.  Maude  W.  Madden, 
Turner,  Oregon. 


time  at  all  the  whole  band  was  in  a 
bad  scramble. 

The  drum  major,  sensing  something 
wrong,  turned  around,  saw  the  mess 
we  were  in,  and  yelled,  “What  in  h — 1 
do  you  think  you  are  trying  to  do!” 
We  didn’t  do  any  more  marching  that 
day.  We  played  in  the  band  stand. 

About  the  last  time  the  band  played 
together  was  to  give  the  boys  a  seren¬ 
ade  when  they  got  married.  When 
Frank,  the  clarinet  player,  got  married 
we  decided  to  do  a  real  job.  Dressed 
in  our  blue  uniforms  with  brass  but¬ 
tons  and  yellow  trimmings,  we  crossed 
over  the  covered  bridge  where  we  had 
previously  had  so  many  band  meetings. 
Someone  thought  of  the  brilliant  idea 
that  we  should  have  lights  on  our  caps 
so  we  could  see  the  music.  So  we  got 
some  “cattails”,  soaked  them  in  kero¬ 
sene,  stuck  them  in  our  caps,  lighted 
them  and  started  towards  the  house 
playing,  “There’ll  be  a  hot  time  in  the 
old  town  tonight.” 

All  went  well  until  we  got  to  the 
house.  |  Then  the  oil  began  to  run  down 
on  our  caps,  and  to  avoid  being  burned 
alive  we  began  throwing  the  burning 
cattails  in  all  directions.  Uncle  George 
Townsend  (Frank’s  father)  came  rush¬ 
ing  out  of  the  house  and  yelled,  “What 
you  trying  to  do,  set  the  buildings 
afire?”  Uncle  George  was  scared  to 
death  about  fires.  Before  going  to  bed, 
he  would  always  travel  around  the 
house  and  look  along  the  skyline  of 
the  railroad  to  see  if  those  spark¬ 
throwing,  wood-burning  engines  hadn’t 
set  fire  to  his  “back  woods.”  They  had 
done  just  that  a  number  of  times. 
Well,  after  the  excitement  had  died 
down  we  were  invited  in  and  met  the 
bride  and  groom  and  had  some  apples 
and  cider. 

Soon  after,  Fred  Dow  got  married 
and  we  gave  him  a  serenade.  He  was 
a  long  time  coming  to  the  door,  but 
after  we  played  “We  won’t  go  home 
till  morning,”  Fred  came  out  on  the 
piazza,  and  invited  us  in.  We  stayed 
there  as  long  as  anyone  could  think  of 
anything  to  say.  This  proved  to  be 
our  last  serenade,  but  the  band  boys 
all  gave  each  member  a  “Seth 
Thomas”  clock  for  a  wedding  present 
when  they  got  married,  and  these 
clocks  are  for  the  most  part  ticking 
away  the  time  in  1942  as  a  reminder 
of  the  days  long  past  when  we  had  so 
many  good  times  and  so  little  to  worry 
about. 


f  -os  m 


'vN  'jy  '  n»  i  r  —  , 

eXong  of  the  Lazy  raijn 


I 


*VE  LOTS  of  admiration 
for  the  way  the  British 
fight  in  war,  they  may  back 
up  but  never  quit  and  in  the 
air  they’re  hard  to  git.  But 
howsoever  brave  they  are  I 
still  will  thank  my  lucky 
star  that  my  forbears  left  on 
the  run  so  I  am  not  an 
Englishman.  ’Cause  neigh¬ 
bor’s  been  a-tellin’  me  that 
one  of  our  big  jobs,  by  gee, 
has  been  to  send  o’er  lots  of 
stu^f  to  keep  the  English  fed 
enough.  He  says  that  meat 
is  what  they  need  to  give 
their  pilots  balanced  feed, 
but  ships  are  sort  of  scarce 
right  now  so  Washington  has 
figured  how  to  dry  the  juice 
from  chops  and  steak,  for 
meat  that’s  shriveled  up  will 
take  a  lot  less  room  below 
the  deck  and  we  can  ship 
lots  more,  by  heck. 

Now  I  ain’t  much  on  run- 
nin’  boats,  altho  on  meat  I 
know  my  oats,  no  matter 
how  dumb  I  may  be  I  know 
my  beef  from  A  to  Z.  And 
when  1  set  my  false  teeth  to  a  piece  of  pork  or  even  stew,  that  part  of  it 
that  I  like  best  is  juice  that  splatters  on  my  vest.  Mirandy  really  has  a 
chore  to  feed  me  chipped  beef  any  more,  I  know  she’d  never  have  no  luck 
if  she  should  try  to  give  me  duck  that  had  been  dried  till  it  was  hard,  I’d 
throw  it  right  out  in  the  yard.  My  neighbor  says  they’ve  got  a  scheme 
to  soak  those  steaks  and  make  them  seem  like  they  was  never  dried  at 
all,  but  I  think  that  is  just  a  stall.  If  all  that  juice  is  left  back  here,  the  * 
meat  will  sure  taste  mighty  queer  no  matter  how  much  they  might  try  to 
hide  it  inside  a  meat  pie.  A  dried  hot  dog  might  not  look  bad  if  that 
was  all  the  meat  you  had,  but  I  would  rather  earn  my  board  right  here 
than  be  an  earl  or  lord. 


15  (50jl) 


American  Agriculturist,  September  12,  1942 


New  Idea 

PICKERS 

1  and  2 
ROW 


T  HOUSANDS  of  present  NEW  IDEA 
Corn  Picker  owners  are  planning  right 
now  to  help  their  neighbors  with  the 
harvest  this  fall  on  a  contract  basis. 
NEW  IDEA  and  its  dealers  proudly  sa¬ 
lutes  the  patriotic  spirit  of  these  farm¬ 
ers  who  loyally  propose  to  "Share 
Machines  for  Victory." 


Even  though  war  has  cut  down  factory  pro¬ 
duction  so  that  you  may  be  unable  to  secure 
a  new  picker  this  year,  some  NEW  IDEA 
owner  may  still  gladly  come  to  your  rescue. 
See  your  nearest  NEW  IDEA  dealer  for  ad¬ 
vice  on  this  subject,  as  well  as  for  informa¬ 
tion  on  new  machines. 


TO  HELP  TOUR  NEI6H10R 
IS  TO  HELP  TOUR  COUNTRY 


SHARE  MACHINES 
TOR  VICTORY 


FREE  manual  on  "The 
Care  and  Operation  of 
NEW  IDEA  Farm  Ma¬ 
chines,"  tells  how  to 
make  machines  last 
longer.  Also  pamphlet 
on  "How  to  Get  Help 
and  Give  Help  by  Shar- 
ing  Machines."  Ask 
your  dealer  for  free 
copies,  or  write  direct. 


Address:  Dept.  820.  Coldwater,  Ohio 


New  Idea,  Inc . 

COLDWATER,  OHIO  —  SANDWICH,  ILLINOIS 

L  A 


If  Ruptured 
Try  This  Out 

Modern  Protection  Provides  Great 
Comfort  and  Holding  Security. 

Without  Torturous  Truss  Wearing 


An  “eye-opening”  revelation  in 
sensible  and  comfortable  reducible 
rupture  protection  may  be  yours  for 
the  asking,  without  cost  or  obliga¬ 
tion.  Simply  send  name  and  address 
to  William  S.  Rice,  Inc.,  Dept.  71-D, 
Adams,  N.  Y.,  and  full  details  of 
the  new  and  different  Rice  Method 
will  be  sent  you  Free.  Without  hard 
flesh-gouging  pads  or  tormenting 
pressure,  here’s  a  Support  that  has 
brought  joy  and  comfort  to  thou¬ 
sands  —  by  releasing  them  from 
Trusses  with  springs  and  straps  that 
bind  and  cut.  Designed  to  securely 
hold  a  rupture  up  and  in  where  it 
belongs  and  yet  give  freedom  of  body 
and  genuine  comfort.  For  full  in¬ 
formation — write  today ! 


Sales 
Service 

Livestock  breeders  who  are 
subscribers  of  A. A.  have  a 
special  and  distinctive  sales 
service  at  their  command, 
NORTHEAST  MARKETS 
FOR  NORTHEAST  PRO¬ 
DUCERS.  It  is  made  avail¬ 
able  to  readers  of  A.  A.  in  an 
effort  to  open  markets  for 
surplus  that  otherwise  may 
have  to  be  sacrificed.  For 
details  and  rates,  write  the 
Advertising  Dept,  of  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist,  Savings 
Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


STORE  AWAY  SOME  VEGETABLES 

( Continued  from  Page  8) 


ware  cloth  to  keep  them  from  burrow¬ 
ing  in. 

House  or  Barn  Cellar 

One  of  the  easiest  arrangements  for 
storing  is  to  make  use  of  the  cellar  of 
the  house  or  barn.  The  warm,  dry 
house  cellar  where  there  is  a  furnace 
is  definitely  unsuitable.  In  a  case  like 
;his,  a  room  should  be  partitioned  off 
and  fairly  well  insulated.  This  makes 
a  good  place  not  only  for  the  fruits  and 
vegetables,  but  also  for  canned  goods. 
An  earth  floor  is  preferable  because  it 
is  easier  to  keep  the  air  humid.  With¬ 
in  the  storage  room  there  ought  to  be 
bins  on  the  floor  for  roots  and  things 
of  this  sort.  If  the  air  is  a  bit  dry 
the  produce  can  be  covered  with  moist 
sandy  soil  which  can  be  kept  damp  by 
occasional  sprinkling.  There  ought 
also  to  be  a  ventilator  opehing  out 
doors.  This  is  more  for  the  purpose 
of  contr oiling  temperature  than  for 
changing  the  air,  which  seems  to  he 
rather  unnecessary.  For  temperature 
control,  which  is  particularly  impor¬ 
tant  in  the  fall,  the  ventilator  should 
be  opened  on  cool  or  cold  nights  and 
closed  during  the  warm  day  time.  In 
mid-winter,  if  there  is  danger  of  freez¬ 
ing,  the  door  into  the  main  part  of  the 
cellar  can  be  left  open. 

Insulated  Partitions 

Outside,  underground  stone  walls,  of 
course,  give  excellent  insulation  and  it 
is  to  be  kept  in  mind  that  a  cellar,  an 
out  of  door  storage  pit,  or  any  storage 
place  that  is  sunk  into  the  ground  ^re¬ 
ceives  heat  from  the  earth.  For  the 
partition  wall,  usually  a  double  layer 
of  boards  with  building  paper  between, 
nailed  against  studding  is  sufficient. 
This  is  considered  better  than  nailing 
boards  on  both  sides  of  the  studding, 
for  a  sizable  air  space  is  not  very  good 
insulation  and  it  is  a  fine  place  for  rats 
and  mice.  If  a  double  wall  is  needed 
where  there  is  outdoor  exposure  it 
ought  to  be  filled  with  dry  shavings  or 
dry  sifted  cinders.  In  the  case  of  the 
shavings  it  will  be  rendered  vermin 
proof  by  mixing  a  cupful  of  dry 
hydrated  lime  to  each  bushel  of  shav¬ 
ings. 

If  there  is  danger  of  rats  getting  in¬ 
to  the  storage  space,  dig  a  trench 
around  the  wall  a  foot  or  eighteen 
inches  deep  and  set  in  hardware  cloth 
of  about  Vi  inch  mesh  on  edge.  This 
will  afford  good  protection. 

General  Requirements 

There  are  many  ways  to  provide 
storage  for  vegetables.  The  general 
conditions  to  be  provided  should  be 
(1)  A  temperature  between  32°  and 
40°  and  it  ought  not  to  be  above  50° 
much  of  the  time  if  long  storage  is  to 


be  desired.  (2)  The  atmosphere  should 
be  humid,  near  saturation.  On  the  other 
hand,  fluctuation  of  temperature  draws 
moisture  out  of  the  produce  and  con¬ 
denses  it  on  walls,  containers,  and  the 
like,  so  hastening  the  deterioration  of 
the  vegetables.  At  stated  above  ven¬ 
tilation  is  more  a  matter  of  tempera¬ 
ture  control  than  of  change  of  air. 

What  to  Store 

Among  vegetables  that  may  well  be 
stored  under  cool,  moist  conditions  are: 
beets,  carrots,  parsnips,  Irish  potatoes, 
turnips,  rutabagas,  celery,  and  cab¬ 
bage.  Cabbage  and  Irish  potatoes  do 
not  stand  condensed  moisture  as  well 
as  the  other  things  and  cabbage  may 
be  kept  on  shelves  or  buried  in  bins. 
Onions  require  cold  dry  conditions,  be¬ 
ing  well  kept  in  a  cold  attic  or  closet. 
Squash  and  sweet  potatoes  are  best 
kept  in  a  dry  atmosphere  at  50°  or 
55°  F.  Sweet  potatoes  ought  to  he 
kept  for  a  period  of  two  weeks  at  a 
temperature  of  80°  or  85°  in  dry 
atmosphere  for  so  called  “curing”. 

Bulletins 

Cornell  Extension  Bulletin  533,  en¬ 
titled  “Storage  of  Vegetables  and 
Fruits  for  Home  Use”,  is  coming  out 
soon.  Also,  United  States  Department 
of  Agriculture  Farmer’s  Bulletin  879, 
entitled,  “Home  Storage  of  Vegetables” 
is  available.  Most  of  the  states  have 
bulletins  along  this  line  and  it  is  not 
much  of  a  trick  to  work  out  a  plan. 

After  all,  a  principal  limiting  factor 
is  not  just  exactly  how  to  do  the  job, 
but  to  get  at  it  and  see  that  it  is  done. 

— a.  a. — 

A  WARTIME  PROGRAM 
FOR  FARMERS 

( Continued,  from  Page  11) 
ally  when  money  was  needed  most  and 
these  conditions  may  recur.  A  financial 
reserve  in  War  Bonds  is  available  at 
any  time  for  any  purpose — for  the  pur¬ 
chase  of  machinery,  for  the  improve¬ 
ment  of  homes,  for  education  of  chil¬ 
dren,  for  unexpected  hospital  bills,  or 
for  the  payment  of  taxes  and  debts. 
The  slight  loss  in  interest  between  the 
rate  paid  on  debts  and  that  received 
on  War  Bonds  is  a  small  price  to  pay 
for  the  insurance  which  such  a  finan¬ 
cial  reserve  will  provide. 

Patriotism  and  self-interest  combine 
to  make  an  investment  in  War  Bonds 
the  best  possible  form  of  financial  re¬ 
serve  for  farm  people.  After  the  war 
the  gradual  expenditure  of  these 
financial  reserves  will  help  to  stabilize 
business  conditions  and  employment  in 
the  period  of  readjustment  from  war  to 
peace. 


No  Help  For  Harvest 


I  read  with  interest  the  article  on 
the  cabbage  outlook  in  the  August  29 
issue.  At  the  present  time  we  are  con¬ 
templating  discing  up  quite  an  acreage 
of  early  cabbage  due  to  the  low  price 
and  sluggish  markets.  The  labor  situa¬ 
tion  is  especially  acute  in  this  section 
due  to  the  construction  work  at  the 
Naval  Base.  We  are  paying  45c  per 
hour  and  are  able  only  to  secure  what 
labor  the  Naval  Base  rejects  as  unfit 
to  do  a  day’s  work.  As  you  perhaps 
know,  they  have  recently  advanced 
their  minimum  wage  from  70c  to  80c 
per  hour. 

It  is  my  personal  feeling  that  next 
year  we  will  have  the  same  imbalanced 
condition  in  foods  -as  the  Government 
is  now  experiencing  in  war  materials. 
Farmers  do  not  feel  that  they  are  get¬ 
ting  a  fair  break  with  present  prices  of 
agricultural  products  compared  to 


labor  costs.  The  general  feeling  is  that 
few  future  deferments  will  be  granted 
for  agriculture  and  that  by  next  Spring 
we  will  lose  practically  all  of  our 
young  men  from  the  farms.  The  type 
of  labor  that  will  he  left  is  not  cap¬ 
able  of  operating  modern  farm  ma¬ 
chines  and  will  require  so  much  super¬ 
vision  that  farm  operations  will  have 
to  be  curtailed.  This  curtailment  will 
be  largely  in  acreage  of  vegetables  as 
these  crops'  are  the  ones  that  require 
the  most  labor. 

Perhaps  these  conditions  are  inevit¬ 
able  if  we  are  to  win  this  war.  People 
have  lived  without  vegetables  and  can 
do  so  again.  The  home  garden  will 
undoubtedly  help  in  the  rural  communi¬ 
ties  but  I  am  afraid  that  there  will  be 
a  real  shortage  of  vegetables  for  the 
city  man’s  table  in  1943. — J.  W.  Rob¬ 
son,  Hall,  Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y. 


Spark  Plugs  help 
Farm  Production 


Dirty  or  worn  plugs  cut  the  amount 
of  work  a  tractor  or  truck  can  do 
because  they  cut  engine  power.  They 
also  waste  as  much  as  one  gallon  of 
fuel  in  ten,  and  cause  hard  starting. 
So,  no  matter  what  plugs  you  use, 
do  these  two  things — faithfully: 

1.  Have  all  plugs  cleaned  and  adjusted 
every  200  hours,  or  every  4,000  miles. 

2.  Replace  worn  plugs  promptly,  —  but 
only  when  necessary. 

The  new  AC  Spark  Plug  for  tractor 
service  lasts  longer,  fires  easier,  stays 
cleaner,  and  resists  breakage  better 
than  any  plug  AC  has  ever  built.  It 
is  the  result  of  developing  the  spark 
plug  now  firing  engines  in  U.  S. 
fighters  and  bombers.  Many  of  its 
features  are  identical. 

AC  hopes,  of  course,  that  you  will 
replace  with  AC  Spark 
Plugs.  But,  regardless 
of  that,  be  sure  to 
give  your  plugs  the 
care  outlined  above. 

Get  Plugs  Cleaned 
Where  You  See  This  Sign 


■»  -  ■  —  —\ 


and  STAY  OUT 

That’s  what  our  “No  Trespassing” 
signs  say  for  you.  You  can’t  patrol 
every  foot  of  your  line  fence  day  and 
night.  And  you  can’t  be  on  all  sides 
at  the  same  time.  So 

Post  Your  Farm 

with  our  “No  Trespassing”  signs,  print¬ 
ed  on  heavy  fabric  (12"xl2")  that 
will  withstand  wind  and  weather. 

Price  WITHOUT  Name  and  Address 
$1.00  per  doz. ;  $3.50  per  50;  $6.50  per  100 
Price  WITH  NAME  and  Address 
$3.00  per  doz.;  $5.50  per  50;  $8.50  per  100 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 

10  N.  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

\ - 


Delose  Freeman,  Elkland,  Pa. 


TIME  WELL  SPENT 

Time  taken  to  read  the  advertise¬ 
ments  in  AMERICAN  AGRICUL¬ 
TURIST  is  time  well  spent — for  there 
is  no  better  way  to  keep  well  inform¬ 
ed  on  new  things  on  the  market, 
what  to  buy  at  what  price  and  where 
to  go  to  get  what  you  want.  When 
you  answer  an  “ad”,  be  sure  to  men¬ 
tion  the  name  of 

.Americas  .Agriculturist 


(502)  1  6 


American  Agriculturist,  September  12,  1942 


NosdheciAt  Masdzetl  jpsi J\l 'antheaAi  Ptoducekl 

"American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page" 


HOLSTEIN 


TRY  “WAIT  FARMS”  FIRST 

for  your  next  Herd  Sire.  We  specialize  on  Type 
Production.  2  Gold  Medal  Herd  Sires,  2  Silver  IV 
Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  THAEUB^T  nfaryms' 


ORCHARD  HILL  STOCK  FARM 

offers  for  sale  Carnation  bred  bulls  of  excellent  ts 
from  high  producing  dams  and  sired  by 
Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

M.  R.  Klock  &  Son,  Fort  Plain,  N.  Y. 
Holstein  Bull  Calves,  for  sale  or  lease. 


For  Sale:  REGISTERED  HOLSTEINS 

Will  sell  30  head.  Your  choice  of  115.  Herd  average 
3.75%  fat  last  eighteen  months.  Many  splendid  fami¬ 
lies  that  combine  snow  quality  with  high  production 
Some  high  quality  young  bulls,  excellent  show  prospects 
PAUL  SMITH,  NEWARK  VALLEY,  NEW  YORK. 


ALL  AGES,  BY 


BULLS 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 


COWS  WITH  GOOD  C.T.A. 
RECORDS. 


HIGH  GRADE  DAIRY  COWS 

AND  FIRST  CALF  HEIFERS, 
HOLSTEINS  AND  GUERNSEYS. 
BLOODTESTED. 

Frank  W.  Arnold,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 


Tarbell 

Guernsey 

Farms 

Smith  ville 
Flate,  N.Y. 


GUERNSEY 

365  HEAD  FEDERAL 
ACCREDITED  NEGATIVE 

FOR  SALE:  Young  bulls  and  a 
heifer  calves  closely  related  to  Tarbell 
Farms  Peerless  Margo,  18501  lbs.  Milk, 
1013  lbs.  Fat,  World’s  Champion  Jr. 
3  year  old,  also  to  Tarbell  Farms  Royal 
Lenda  20508  lbs.  Milk,  1109  lbs.  Fat, 
World’s  Champion  Jr.  4  year  old. 
Visitors  Welcome.  Full  information 
furnished  on  request. 


For  Sale:  Registered  Guernsey  Bulls 

READY  FOR  SERVICE,  FROM  600  LB.  DAMS. 
FEW  HEIFERS  UNDER  ONE  YEAR. 

Price  reasonable  (a  good  time  to  buy). 

Lake  Delaware  Farms,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 


Norman  J.  Bleakley,  So.  Deerfield,  Mass. 


JERSEYS 


ANNUAL  VERMONT  JERSEY  CATTLE  CLUB 
SALE  AND  SHOW 

“Come  to  Vermont  for  Good  Jerseys” 
on  Tuesday,  September  29,  1942, 

AT  HARTLAND  FAIR  GROUNDS. 

SHOW  AT  10:00  A.  M.— SALE  AT  1:00  P.  M. 
An  exceptionally  nice  selection  of  fresh  and  close  up 
cows  have  been  consigned.  Cows  that  classify  up  to 
very  good,  cows  by  Gold  and  Silver  Medal  bulls  and 
best  of  all  cows  with  records  up  to  550  pounds  of 
fat  in  D.H.I.A.  There  will  also  be  a  few  bred  heifers 
and  heifer  calves.  As  an  added  attraction  one  yearling 
bull  is  being  sold.  He  is  from  a  Medal  of  Merit  cow 
and  sired  by  a  Silver  Medal  Bull  with  a  tested  sire 
index  of  well  over  700  pounds.  Cattle  are  all  T.B. 
accredited  and  Bangs  tested,  mostly  certified.  For  cata. 
log  address  STANLEY  C.  JUDD,  Randolph  Ctr.,  Vt. 
GEORGE  RICKER,  Groton,  Vt.,  Pres,  and  Sales  Mgr. 
JOHN  D.  WELCH,  Worcester,  Vt.,  Sec.-Treas. 


FOR  SALE:  Sixty  Pure  Bred  Jerseys. 

TOP  BREEDING,  SYBIL  SIRE.  T.B.  AND  BANGS 
ACCREDITED.  AVERAGE  SIX  YEARS  OLD, 

450  LBS.  FAT. 

Floyd  Kenyon,  Deposit,  N.  Y, 


RROWN  SWISS 


BROWN  SWISS  BULLS  FOR  SALE 

EITHER  EARGE  OR  SMALL,. 

A  CHOICE  OF  TWO  UNDER  A  YEAR. 

R.  Rosa,  Cortland,  N.  Y.  R.D.  2. 


AYRSHIRE 


Registered  Ayrshire  Bull  Calves 

several  are  out  of  400  lb.  dams  and  are  sired  by 
outstanding  herd  sires. 

Write  for  sale  list,  priced  to  sell. 

Gould  Dale  Farm,  South  Kortright,  N.Y. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 

COWS  FOR  SALE 

1  T.tJ.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEINS  AND 

GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 

SWINE 

0 

Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

,  SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 

WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 

Quality  Poland  China  Breeding  Stock. 

Hardy  Herd — See  it.  Now  offering,  Rugged  250  pound 
fall  gilts,  BRED  to  world’s  Premier  hoar  “Glamour 
Boy.”  Reserve  Junior  Champion,  Iowa  State  Fair,  1941, 
for  late  summer  and  early  fall  litters. 
GREENFIELD  FARMS.  TIFFIN,  OHIO. 

PIGS 

Defend  your  family  meat  supply.  Invest  $20  or  $30  for 

4  or  5  pigs  now  to  provide  about  1000  lbs.  dressed  1 
pork  next  winter,  which  would  cost  about  $300.  at 
retail  meat  shops.  Feed  some  grain,  pasture,  skim, 
garbage,  cull  fruit  and  vegetables,  incubator  eggs,  etc.  1 
Pigs  six  weeks  $6.50;  8  weeks  $7.00;  10  weeks  $8.00; 

12  weeks  $10.00.  Crated,  castrated,  serum  vaccinated, 
grain  fed  pigs.  Money  back  guaranteed  to  satisfy  on 
arrival.  Poland  Chinas,  Berkshires  or  Crosses.  Mail 
order  to — 

C.  STANLEY  SHORT,  CHESWOLD,  DELAWARE. 

REG.  YORKSHIIRE  PIGS 

SPRING  BOARS  AND  SUMMER  PIGS. 
READY  OCTOBER  1. 

Pinelma  Farm,  Lawrenceville,  N.  Y. 

SHEEP 

Skrnnehirps  •  *-arBe  heavy  hodied  Registered  Year- 
LJiii  upsuii  ea  .  ling  Rams  sired  by  an  Iroquois  Ram. 

12  Registered  ewe  lambs,  sired  by  a  Cuthbert  Ram,  $15 
each.  Also  7  choice  grade  ewe  lambs,  same  sire.  Lambs 
ready  to  go  around  October  1. 

RUSSELL  E.  LUCE,  Residence  East  Lansing,  N.  Y. 
Post  Office  and  Phone  Groton  I5F2. 

FOR  SALE  — 

25  DORSET  EWES,  REGISTERED; 

25  Dorset  ewes,  pure-bred  but  not  registered;  50  Dor¬ 
set  Merino  ewes,  2  year  olds;  50  Hampshire  grade  ewes. 

TRANQUILLITY  &  ALLAMUCHY  FARMS, 
ARTHUR  DANKS,  Mgr.,  ALLAMUCHY,  N.  1. 

PUREBRED  RAMS  FOR  SALE 
Rambouillet — Delaine — Lincoln 

WELLMAN  BROS.,  PERRY,  N.  Y.  j 

PLEASANT  RIDGE  STOCK  FARM  * 

are  offering  the  best  lot  of  one  and  two  year  rams. 
Shropshires,  Southdowns,  Dorsets,  Rambouillets,  Chevi-  ■ 
ots,  Suffolk  and  Hampshires.  Thanks  for  past  patronage. 

G.  D.  &  B.  S.  Townsend,  |nterlaRkenD  N.  Y. 

FOR  SALE:  Purebred  Dorset  Lambs,  j 

BOTH  SEXES. 

Bams  are  old  enough  for  service. 

Harold  A.  Rickard,  Howes  Cave,  N.  Y.  E 

0 

MISC.  LIVESTOCK  l 

HORSES,  COWS  &  HEIFERS  - 
FOR  SALE. 

300  HEAD.  MOSTLY  FALL  COWS.  TWO  CARLOADS 
FANCY  FIRST  CALF  HOLSTEIN  AND  GUERNSEY 

H  E 1  F  E  R  S 

50  BELGIAN  HORSES.  One  carload  just  arrived  from 
Iowa.  Excellent  teams  and  singles.  Also  some  excep-  2 
tionally  nice  mares. 

FARMERS’  PRICES.  FREE  DELIVERY.  | 

GLADSTONE  BROTHERS,  1 

PHONE  36,  ANDES,  NEW  YORK  « 

Registered  Aberdeen-Angus  Bulls  I 

FROM  BLOOD  TESTED  HERD. 

ALSO  DORSET  RAMS. 

Shipped  on  approval. 

J.  S.  MORSE,  LEVANNA,  N.  Y. 

DOGS  1 

PUPPIES  —  FREE  DETAILS 

ST.  BERNARDS  — ALL  BREEDS—  DETAI LS  FREE! 
BOOK  108  COLORED  PICTURES,  DESCRIPTIONS  0 
RECOGNIZED  BREEDS,  35c.  1 

ROYAL  KENNELS,  R.  3,  CHAZY,  N.  Y. 

the  dog  for  all  purposes.  Also 
ivewrounaianas,  Smooth-haired  Fox  Terriers, 
medium  and  Toy.  Hunting  Dogs:  Spaniels;  Hounds — 
started  on  birds  and  rabbits;  Fox  and  Coon  Hounds. 
Partly  trained  cattle  dogs. 

Robinson  Kennels,  Trumansburg,  N.  Y.  fl 

tPa£k i 


Events 


Cattle  Sales 


Sept. 

16 

Stonecliff  Farm  Guernsey  Dispersal 
Bradford,  Vt. 

Sale, 

Sept. 

18 

Dispersal  of  Treweryn  Farm  Guernseys, 
Walter  Kerr,  owner.  Spring  House,  Pa. 

Sept. 

19 

Eastern  Guernsey  Sale,  Trenton,  N. 

J. 

Sept. 

26 

Faughan  River  Farm  Jersey  Sale, 
ton,  N.  J. 

Marl- 

Sept. 

26 

Foremost  Guernsey  Sale,  Hopewell 
tion,  N.  Y. 

June- 

Sept. 

28 

Dutchess  County,  N.  Y.  Aberdeen- 
Breeders’  Sale.  Pine  Plains,  N.  Y. 

Angus 

Sept. 

28 

Mason -Garfield  Jersey  Sale,  Concord, 

Mass. 

Sept. 

29 

Vermont  Jersey  Cattle  Club  Sale, 
grounds,  Hartland,  Vt. 

Fail  - 

Sept. 

30 

Harry  Staley  Dispersal  of  Ayrshire 
and  Bred  Heifers,  Walkerville,  Md. 

Cows 

Sept. 

30 

Ilth  Maryland  Fall  Holstein  Sale, 
Donogh  School,  McDonogh,  Md. 

Me- 

Oct. 

3 

Eastern  Brown  Swiss  Breeders’  Sale, 
ville,  N.  Y. 

Earl. 

Oct. 

3 

New  York  Federation  Ayrshire  Production 

Sale,  Cobleskill. 

GOATS 

SAANEN  DOE  KIDS 

Only  a  few  left.  These  are  out  of  prize  stock.  Each 
is  a  big,  husky,  all  white,  hornless  beauty. 
They  are  bargain  priced:  so  act  quick. 

TWIN  PINE  GOAT  FARM, 

Route  I,  Box  III,  WANTAGH,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 


SEEDS 


CERTIFIED  YORKWIN  WHEAT 

Highest  yielding  white  variety. 
Best  for  milling. 

CERTIFIED  NURED  WHEAT 

Highest  yielding  red  variety. 
Best  for  feeding. 

SEND  FOR  PRICES. 


CERTIFIED  NURED  WHEAT 

ie  new  kind  of  red  seed  wheat  mostly  for  poultry 
ng.  High  in  yield.  Also  YORKWIN  wheat,  a 
variety.  Place  your  order  with  us  while  the  sup¬ 
ply  of  seed  lasts. 


HONEY 


60  LBS.  BEST  CLOVER,  NOT 
PREPAID,  $8.40. 
SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED 


FLOWERS 


PHLOX  — 40  Varieties 

ELEVEN  VARIETIES,  $1:  FIVE,  50c. 
NARCISSUS — Hardy  Double  White — dozen,  25c. 
Postpaid  to  3rd  zone.  No  stamps. 

ALICE  MILLER,  ANDES,  NEW  YORK 
VICTORY  SEEDS 

V  FOR  VICTORY  IN  EACH  LEAF. 


Fair.  Dime  a  packet. 

ABAUGH,  MONTGOMERY.  N.  Y. 


POULTRY 


ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS,  REDS,  ROCK-RED  CROSS. 

WHITE  ROCKS  — “They  Satisfy.” 
Pullorum  free,  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  details. 


The  McGREGOR  FARM 


CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 


Walter  Rich's 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
ILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 


PULLETS  FOR  SALE 

LEGHORNS  —  REDS  —  ROC  K-REDS 
ALSO  YEARLING  HENS. 

HIGH  PRODUCING,  HEALTHY  STOCK. 

M.  E.  SMITH,  MIDDLESEX,  N.  Y. 


POULTRY 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS,  R.  I.  REDS,  NEW 
HAMPSH I  RES,  BARRED  CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


Rich  Poultry  Farms 


9400 

LAYERS 


Leghorns  -rapnested  and 


Reds 


Progeny  Tested 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS. 

Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de¬ 
scribes  our  method  of  giowing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAM  PSH  IRES, 
BARRED  ROCKS,  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  All  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
Folder  and  Prices. 

WILLIAM  S.  MAPES,  v. 


EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

YOUNG  BREEDING  COCKERELS. 
CERTIFIED  WONG  WINTER  BARLEY. 
CERTIFIED  NU  RED  WHEAT. 

James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  , 

BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  U.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
List  describing  our  Leghorns,  Reds,  and 
crossbreds. 

Eli  H.  Bodine,  Box  28,  Chemung,  N.  Y, 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 


STROUT’S  CATALOG  JUST  OUT 

FARMS,  COUNTRY  HOMES,  RURAL  BUSINESS 
OPPORTUNITIES;  68  pages  chock-full  of  bar¬ 
gains  described  in  states  east  of  the  Mississippi: 
write  today  for  this  money-saving  time-saving  guide. 
Free. 

STROUT  REALTY 

255-R  Fourth  Ave.,  New  York  City 

For  Sale  or  For  Rent  or  Trade 

FOR  CITY  PROPERTY  —  380  ACRES,  I  HORSE, 

8  HEIFERS,  SOME  TOOLS,  ALSO  HAY. 

s.  wilson,  McDonough,  n.  y. 


Monmouth  Co.,  N.  J.,  Farm  for  Sale 

100  acres  suitable  any  crop,  near  markets,  excellent 
location  on  highway.  Good  buildings,  equipped  for 
dairy,  fine  water,  school  bus,  telephone,  electricity. 

ADDRESS  OWNER,  BOX  514-G, 
c/o  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 


HELP  WANTED 


Suitable  Men  and  Women  fAttRendants! 

Must  be  of  good  character,  well  recommended  U.  S. 
citizens.  New  York  State  residents  and  without  serious 
physical  defects.  Salary  $54.00-$66.00  per  month  and 
board,  room  and  laundry.  Eight  hours  per  day.  Communi¬ 
cate  with  WASSAIC  STATE  SCHOOL,  Wassaic,  N.  Y. 


DAIRY  HERD  IMPROVEMENT 
ASSOCIATION  SUPERVISORS 

Women  and  men  eighteen  years  of  age  or  over,  with 
farm  experience  preferred.  Training  School,  September 
14  to  26,  Dairy  Records  Office,  Wing  Hall.  Ithaca.  N.Y. 


WANTED 

Man  for  Profitable  Rawleigh  Route. 

MUST  BE  SATISFIED  WITH  GOOD  LIVING 
AT  START. 

Write  RAWLEIGH’S,  ,LS,';S™« 


HOUSEKEEPER — Protestant  Woman 

WITH  GOOD  REFERENCES  TO  KEEP  HOUSE  FOR 
A  FAMILY  OF  FOUR  ON  A  FARM. 

WIFE  TEACHES  SCHOOL. 

Apply  Box  21,  Pine  Island,  N.  Y. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


Water  Analysis  —  Mastitis  Testing 

DRINKING  WATER  (WELLS  AND  SPRINGS) 
ANALYZED  FOR  PURITY. 

Special  oases  and  bottles  furnished. 

Howard  Laboratories,  Amherst,  Mass. 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

rhls  classified  page  is  for  the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications: 
LIVESTOCK— Cattle,  Swine.  Sheep,  Horses,  Dogs,  Rabbits,  Goats,  Mink,  Ferrets:  FARM  PRODUCE— Field 
Seeds,  Hay  and  Straw.  Maple  Syrup,  Honey,  Pop  Com,  Miscellaneous;  POULTRY— Breeding  Stock.  Hatching  Eggs: 
EMPLOYMENT— Help  Wanted.  Situation  Wanted;  FARM  REAL  ESTATE — Farms  for  Sale.  Farms  Wanted- 
USED  FA_RM  EQUIPMENT— For  Sale.  Wanted. 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers'  classified  advertising  rates.  Two 
advertising  space  units  are  offered  as  follows:  space  one  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $6.00  per  issue  or 
6pace  one-half  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.CU  per  issue.  Cop>  must  be  received  at  American  Agriculturist. 
Advertising  Dept.,  Box  514,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  11  days  before  publication  date.  No  Baby  Chick  advertising  ac¬ 
cepted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows:  Jan.  3.  17,  31:  Feb.  14.  28;  Mar.  14,  28;  April  II.  "■ 
May  9,  23;  June  6,  20:  July  4.  18;  Aug.  I,  15.  29:  Sept.  12,  26:  Oct.  10.  24:  Nov.  7.  21:  Dec.  5.  I*. 


American  Agriculturist,  September  12,  1942 


17  (503) 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


ONFUSION  BREEDS  more  con¬ 
fusion;  control  breeds  more  con¬ 
trol;  confusion  breeds  control  and  con¬ 
trol  breeds  confusion:  that’s  the  live¬ 
stock  and  meat  picture  today.  Instead 
of  working  out  the  faults  of  present 
ceilings  and  controls,  we  are  continu¬ 
ally  hearing  of  new  controls,  ceilings, 
rationing,  live  price  control,  new  ideas 
and  dreams.  The  trouble  is,  that  prob¬ 
ably  most  of  them  will  be  tried,  too, 
before  we  are  through. 

In  such  a  situation,  I  can  see  only 
one  stand  for  livestock  people  to  take 
— “business  as  usual.”  Why  that 
stand  has  been  bumped  around  and 
maligned  is  beyond  me.  If  food  pro- 
'  duction  and  food  distribution  are  not 
j  carried  on,  real  trouble  is  ahead,  and 
our  boys  won’t  have  much  to  come 
back  to.  If  prices  that  will  support 
farm  labor  costs  and  farm  purchasing 
costs  aren’t  maintained,  then  more 
trouble.  These  possibilities  have  not 
materialized  and  probably  will  not,  for, 
after  all,  prices  will  reflect  demand. 
The  higher  labor  and  other  costs  have 
gone,  the  higher  livestock  and  most 
other  farm  products  have  gone,  in  spite 
of  ceilings  and  what  have  you.  Never¬ 
theless,  it  should  not  be  forgotten  that 
this  works  both  ways;  lower  costs 
mean  lower  prices. 

It’s  a  pleasure  to  work  during  a  year 
when  the  question  is,  “What  can  I  do 
with  my  feed?”  This  is  the  usual 


question  today,  and  it  is  becoming 
more  and  more  difficult  to  answer. 
The  range  people  don’t  want  to  sell 
their  livestock  this  year  until  October 
or  later,  and  that  is  generally  too  late 
for  alfalfa  fields  and  meadow  pastures. 
So  the  general  answer  is,  save  every 
bit  of  hay  (stacks  if  necessary)  and 
grain  that  you  can.  There  will  be  a 
lot  of  livestock  moving  this  fall,  and  a 
lot  must  be  fed  this  winter,  and  will 
be.  Your  feed  will  be  needed  even  if 
you  cannot  use  it  yourself.  An  even 
better  idea  is  just  to  keep  it.  There 
will  come  a  year  when  you  will  wish 
you  had  it. 

Labor  difficulties  seem  to  be  tempt¬ 
ing  a  good  many  men  to  change  their 
livestock  operations.  I  hope  many  will 
not  be  forced  to  do  it.  After  all,  a 
good  cow  man,  a  good  beef  cattle  man, 
a  good  sheep  man  or  horse  man  is  not 
made  over  night;  it  takes  years.  There 
are  few  who  are  really  good  in  more 
than  one  species,  although  experience 
in  one  helps  with  the  other,  of  course. 

Livestock  that  is  coming  to  market 
is  running  better  than  for  a  good  many 
years.  There  is  no  reason  this  year 
to  market  anything  without  weight 
and  flesh.  The  people  have  money,  are 
demanding  the  best,  and  will  pay  for 
it.  With  this  in  mind,  I  do  not  believe 
that  there  should  be  any  uneasiness  in 
holding  livestock  until  it  meets  this 
demand.  This  is  particularly  true  this 
year. 

All  livestock  predictions  seem  to  in¬ 
dicate  a  tremendous  demand  after  the 
war.  It  will  take  purebred  animals, 
improved  animals,  and  young  animals 
to  meet  this  demand.  Cull  deep  and 
be  ready  for  it.  If,  however,  you  feel 
that  after  the  war,  things  will  go  the 
other  way  (down),  you  still  can’t  af¬ 
ford  to  be  caught  with  old  non-produc¬ 
ers.  Livestock  improvement  NOW  will 
win  and  pay  any  way  the  cat  jumps. 


No  Meat  Scarcity  Ii  Home  Produced 

By  R.  B.  HINMAN. 


THERE  seems  little  doubt,  accord¬ 
ing  to  the  best-founded  opinions, 
that  we  may  see  a  scarcity  of  meat 
beginning  within  the  next  year.  Meat 
retailers,  restaurant  keepers,  consum¬ 
ers  and  sundry  people  whom  one  can 
meet  every  day  now,  are  of  this  opin¬ 
ion.  Maybe  we  should  have  seen  this 
coming.  In  some  ways  our  ceiling 
system  is  considered  partially  to 
blame,  but  one  cannot  take  several 
million  young  men  from  civilian  life 
where  they  have  been  eating  some  150 
pounds  of  meat  per  capita  annually, 
and  put  them  in  the  army  where  they 
average  about  one  pound  per  capita 
daily  without  a  large  difference  becom¬ 
ing  noticeable  almost  at  once. 

But  rather  than  talk  about  it  we 
must  prepare  for  the  future.  Our  nu¬ 
trition  and  food  leaders  in  this  state 
are  going  “all  out”  on  a  “live  at  home” 
program.  Here’s  more  power  to  them! 
But  it  will  take  thought  on  the  part 
of  others  beside  those  on  a  state  or 
town  committee.  One  cannot  plan  this 
item  fully  in  one  evening. 

What  can  John  Doe  do  now?  Can 
he  plan  on  killing  a  pig,  freezing,  cur¬ 
ing  or  °anning  the  product  in  the  next 
two  months,  or  is  he  going  to  wait 
until  the  cold  nights  of  October  before 
he  realizes  that  he  doesn’t  even  know 
where  the  pig  is?  Has  he  his  eyes  on 
a  good  lamb  which,  if  killed  somewhere 
about  that  time,  will  give  him  good 
meat  without  any  worry  about  ceil¬ 
ings?  Maybe  he  will  decide  it  is 
cheaper  to  buy  one  from  a  neighbor 
or  even  buy  a  whole  carcass  from  a 
butcher.  Does  he  know  where  there 
will  be  one  about  that  time?  It  might 
Well  be  from  his  own  flock! 

Many  farms  have  young  yearling 
dairy  heifers  which  for  some  reason  will 


not  be  placed  in  the  cow  herd.  She  will 
make  a  much  better  piece  of  meat  if  she 
is  dry  fed  for  at  least  60  days.  Merely 
saying  that  because  of  good  pasture, 
the  animal  is  fat  enough  is  a  very 
shiftless  way  of  looking  at  it.  Grass 
will  never  give  as  firm  beef  for  keep¬ 
ing  or  cooking  as  will  dry  feed  for  a 
short  finishing  period.  That  is  the 
point  we  must  keep  in  mind. 

This  article  is  intended  to  start  live- 
from-the-farm  consumers  to  do  some 
planning.  To  obtain  a  fine  crop  of 
cucumbers  or  potatoes  from  your  own 
home  garden  for  home  use  during  the 
next  months,  required  planning  a  long 
time  ago.  Don’t  delay  similar  plan¬ 
ning  now  for  good  meat  on  your  own 
table  during  the  next  year.  Remember 
the  story  of  the  ant  and  the  cricket? 
It  still  is  a  good  story.  If  the  price  of 
meat  plus  a  scarcity  or  rationing 
drives  you  to  distraction  in  the  next 
year,  I  wonder  who  will  be  to  blame? 

—a.  a. — 

DUTCHESS  COUNTY 
ANGUS  SAUE  ON  SEPT.  28 

The  Dutchess  County  Aberdeen  An¬ 
gus  Breeders’  Sale  will  be  held  on  Mon¬ 
day,  September  28th  at  Briarcliff 
Farms,  Pine  Plains.  N.  Y.  50  choice 
young  heifers,  the  1942  models  of  the 
cattle  that  made  possible  a  record 
breaking  sale  last  year,  will  be  offered. 
The  cattle  will  come  from  the  follow¬ 
ing  T.  B.  Accredited  and  Bang’s  Free 
Approved  herds:  Ankony  Farm,  Rhine- 
beck;  Bethel  Farm,  Inc.,  Pine  Plains; 
Briarcliff  Farms,  Pine  Plains;  Fuerst 
Stock  Farm,  Pine  Plains;  Good-  Hope 
Farm,  Old  Chatham;  Laurel  Hill  Farm, 
Blandford;  Rally  Farms,  Millbrook; 
Rufflands,  Red  Hook;  Schoonhoven 
Farm,  Millbrook. 


Thru  its  clear  channel 
system  of  broadcasting 
and  50,000  watt  power 


can  be  depended  upon 
to  keep  you  posted  on 
the  latest  news  from 
all  parts  of  the  world. 


Thru  its  affiliation  with  the 

NATIONAL  BROADCASTING  CO., 
and  the  BLUE  NETWORK  Inc., 

WHAM  offers  for  your  listening 
pleasure  the  finest  in  entertainment. 

Set  your  dial  at  1180  kc.,  anytime,  day  or  night. 


A  for  LAMENESS  due  to 
Lwgfe,  PUFFS,  BRUISES 
IMfn  and  SWELLINGS 


Absorbine  provides 
prompt  relief  for 
lameness  due  to  puffs, 
bruises,  swellings. 
If  used  immediately, 
Absorbine  often  keeps 
horse  at  work.  It 
speeds  blood  flow  to 
the  injury  to  help 
carry  off  congestion. 
Often  brings  swellings 
down  in  a  few  hours. 
Absorbine  is  not  a  “cure-all”  but  of  proven 
help  in  relieving  fresh  bog  spavin,  windgall, 
collar  gall  and  similar  congestive  troubles. 
Many  veterinaries  have  used  it  for  over  40 
years.  Never  blisters  or  removes  hair.  $2.50  for 
a  LONG-LASTING  BOTTLE.  At  all  drug¬ 
gists.  W.  F.  Young,  Inc.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


Keep  Horse  At  Work 

Use  ABSORBINE 


A  thorough  treatment  for 
stubborn  conditions-Cow  Pox, 
Hoof  Rot,  Hoof  Lameness, 
Thrush,  Bruises,  Calk  Wounds. 
♦Antiseptic*  Per  bottle  $1 .00. 
At  dealers  or  by  mail  postpaid. 

H.  W.  Naylor  Co.,  Morris,  N.Y. 


I 


NEWTON’8  VETERINARY  COMPOUND 


For  Horses.  Cattle.  Hogs 


Used  for  over  60  years,  for 
coughs  due  to  colds.  Powder 
form.  Easily  given.  Eco¬ 
nomical.  13  oz.  .  size,  65c — 
2  lbs.,  $1.25  (25  days  treat¬ 
ment).  At  dealers  or  mailed 
postpaid.  Write  for  FREE 
circular. 


Newton  Horse  Med.  Co.,  5170  Hillsboro,  Detroit,  Mich. 


iV.V/A".%V.\%%V.V.V.\WAW 

When  writing  adver-tisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
It  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 

•dV^YWAV.W/\IW.VUVWVVyVVVV 


SWINE 


PIGS  FOR  SALE  ! 

We  are  prepared  to  fill  orders  for  pigs.  CHESTER  AND 
YORKSHIRE  CROSSED,  or  BERKSHIRE  &  CHES¬ 
TER  CROSSED  — 5  weeks  old  $6.75;  6  to  7  weeks 
old,  $7;  8  to  9  weeks  old,  $7.50.  Limited  nuoiber  of  10 
weeks  extra  sized  pigs  at  $8  ea.  CHESTER  WHITES, 
7  to  8  wks.  old,  $7.50.  Will  ship  2  or  more  C.O.D. 

A  M  I  IIX  FARM  206  WASHINGTON  ST.. 
24.  m.  LUA  r24A.iM,  WOBURN,  MASS. 


Walter  Lux,  Tel.  0086,  Woburn,  Mass. 

CHESTER  &  YORKSHIRE  CROSS,  BERKSHIRE  & 
CHESTER  CROSS  PIGS. 

6  weeks  old.  $6.50  each;  7  to  8  weeks  old,  $7.00  each. 
10  to  12  weeks  old,  $8.00  each.  All  large  type  stock. 
Ship  2  or  more  C.O.D.  Check  or  money  order.  If 
they  please  you  keep  them,  if  not  return  them. 


'k  It's  Patriotic  to  Breed  Shorthorns 


Shorthorn  cattle  breeders  and  feeders  are  in  step 
with  war  time  demand.  No  breed  can  match  the 
Shorthorn’s  amazing  weight-for-age  advantage  or 
efficiency  of  meat  and  milk  production.  *  *  ★  *  * 

Learn  more  about  the  oldest,  most  numerous,  most 


greatest  mortgage  lifters.  Al¬ 
ways  S  sources  of  profit — Prime 
beef  and  an  abundance  of  milk. 


profitable  breed  on  earth. 

Write  for  literature  today  ex¬ 
plaining  how  Shorthorn  char¬ 
acteristics  are  bringing  in¬ 
creased,  profits  to  farms  and 
ranches.  Write  for  list  of 
members,  thousands  all  over 
America,  who  have  breeding 
stock  tor  sale. 

Subscribe  to  the  official 
breed  publication.  The  Short¬ 
horn  World,  published  twice 
monthly.  Subscription  rates 
$1.00  per  yr. — $2.00  for  3  yrs. 

Write  to  THE  SHORTHORN  CLUB 

301  Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago 


DUTCHESS  CCUNTr 


BREEDERS  SALE 

mi 


BQEED 


BEEF 


GaitaJ^UuE 

MYftON  M.  FUERST  Sales  1^,. 
PINE  PLAINS,  N.Y. 

Name.... . 

Address... . 


(504)  18 


American  Agriculturist,  September  12,  1942 


MIDAMERICAN 

^AGRICULTURIST 

0 


^  R  m"* 


iifPUES 


CLEAN  MILKERS:  The  follow- 

ing  rules  for 

conserving  the  rubber  parts  on  a  milk¬ 
ing  machine  is  suggested  by  the  BAB- 
SON  BROTHERS  COMPANY,  2849  W. 
19th  Street,  Chicago,  Illinois : 

1.  Remember  the  general  rule  that  Clean 
Rubber  Lasts  Longer. 

2.  As  soon  after  the  milking  as  possible, 
rinse  rubber  parts  in  cold  water,  then 
wash  them  with  hot  water  and  a  good 
washing  powder  or  dairy  cleanser.  Do 
NOT  use  soap  or  soap  powder. 

3.  Give  rubber  parts  a  good  brushing. 

4.  Rinse  in  clean,  hot  water. 

5.  Sterilize  carefully  with  lye  or  chlorine 
solution  or  boiling  water. 

A  milker’s  rubber  parts  can  stand  boil¬ 
ing  —  IF  —  they  are  clean.  , 

VITAMINS:  The  war  has  interfer- 
ed  with  the  supply  of 
normal  vitamins  for  poultry  feeds.  For¬ 
tunately,  research  has  discovered  new 
sources,  with  which  poultrymen  are  be¬ 
coming  familiar.  The  use  of  the  coupon 
on  page  9  of  August  29th  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  will  bring  you  a  booklet  called 
“B-Y  Riboflavin  Supplement  and  Its  Use 
in  Mixed  Feeds.”  The  booklet  is  put  out 
by  the  COMMERCIAL  SOLVENTS  COR¬ 
PORATION,  17  E.  42nd  Street,  New 
York,  N.  Y. 

BONDS:  Midnight,  September  15,  is 
the  deadline  for  entries  for 
the  war  bond  contest  that  is  being  con¬ 
ducted  by  Allis-Chalmers.  The  first  prize 
is  a  ?1,000  war  bond  plus  a  free  trip  to 
the  factory;  the  second,  a  $1,000  war 
bond ;  the  third,  $500  in  war  stamps ;  and 
122  other  prizes  ranging  from  $400  down 
to  $10,  in  bonds  and  stamps.  There  is 
still  time  to  take  part  in  the  contest. 
Mail  your  entry  to  ALLIS-CHALMERS, 
Tractor  Division,  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin, 
before  midnight  on  September  15. 

“Your  Land”  is  the  title  of  a  46 
page  booklet  which  the  BETH¬ 
LEHEM  STEEL  COMPANY  of  Bethle¬ 
hem,  Pa.,  will  be  glad  to  send  you.  It 
gives  the  story  of  the  damage  done  by 
soil  erosion  as  well  as  the  best  methods 
of  preventing  this  loss.  It  is  well  illustrat¬ 
ed,  and  valuable  to  any  man  who  has 
soil  erosion  problems. 

HEALTH*  Available  from  DR.  SALS- 
BURY’S  LABORATOR¬ 
IES,  Charles  City,  Iowa,  are  four  book¬ 
lets  on  animal  health — “Poultry  Health 
Messengers”,  “Turkey  Talks  on  Health 
and  Disease,”  “Better  Care  Brings  Great¬ 
er  Profits”  (poultry),  and  “Cattle  Dis¬ 
eases  and  What  To  Do.” 

HANDY:  How  can  calcium  chloride 
help  the  average  farmer?” 
This  question  is  answered  in  a  new  fold- 
gr  just  printed  by  SOLYAY  SALES'  COR- 


Overloading  of  tires  wastes  rubber.  Thg 
chart  shown  above  expresses  this  fact  in 
picture  form.  It  is  one  of  the  many  il¬ 
lustrations  you  will  find  in  a  pocket-sized 
booklet  which  you  can  get  from  the  Fire¬ 
stone  Tire  and  Rubber  Company  of 
Akron,  Ohio.  Just  ask  for  the  booklet 
“How  to  Get  More  Mileage  from  Your 
Tires  and  How  to  Keep  Your  Truck 
Operating  More  Economically.” 


Elsie  Onsrud  Larson,  who  recently  took 
over  the  publicity  service  operated  by  the 
Holstein-Friesian  Association  at  Brattle- 
boro,  Vermont.  Miss  Larson,  "who  is  a 
4-H  Dairy  Club  girl,  is  a  graduate  of  Wis¬ 
consin  State  College  of  Agriculture. 


PORATION,  40  Rector  Street,  New  York 
City.  You  can  get  a  copy  by  dropping 
them  a  post  card.  The  folder  tells  how 
calcium  chloride  will  control  dust  and 
weeds  in  roadways ;  how  it  can  be  used 
to  prevent  freezing  of  fire-prevention 
water  pails ;  how  it  helps  in  building  with 
concrete  in  cold  weather;  how  it  can  be 
used  in  tractor  tires;  and  how  it  will  eli¬ 
minate  dampness  and  mildew  in  cellars. 

TRADING:  One  way  to  meet  labor 
shortage  on  farms  is  to 
use  more  machinery.  You  may  answer, 
“Yes,  but  I  cannot  get  the  machinery.” 
There  is  another  way  to  do  it;  narpely, 
to  trade  or  hire  farm  machinery  in  order 
that  each  machine  may  work  a  greater 
number  of  hours. 

The  dealers  who  handle  NEW  IDEA 
FARM  EQUIPMENT  are  helping  by 
acting  as  central  offices.  Each  dealer 
has  supplies  of  two  different  forms ;  one 
can  be  filled  out  by  the  man  who  wishes 
to  hire  equipment,  the  other,  by  the  man 
who  has  equipment  for  rent.  If  you  need 
the  use  of  farm  equipment,  or  if  you 
have  such  farm  equipment  that  you  will 
rent,  call  on  your  local  dealer  in  New 
Farm  Ideas  of  Farm  Equipment,  and 
fill  out  one  of  these  forms. 

CHEESE:  The  editor  often  receives 

questions  about  making 
cheese  at  home.  There  is  an  excellent 
little  booklet  on  the  subject;  it  is  called, 
“How  to  Make  Cheese  On  the  Farm  and 
In  the  Home.”  To  get  a  copy,  send  a 
request  to  CHR.  HANSEN’S  LABORA¬ 
TORY,  INC.,  Little  Falls,  New  York. 

*  *  * 

From  NATIONAL  OIL  PRODUCTS 
COMPANY  at  Harrison,  New  Jersey,  or 
Boston,  Massachusetts,  you  can  get  a 
folder  giving  the  facts  about  vitamin  A 
deficiency  in  chickens  and  turkeys.  It  is 
well  illustrated  and  helps  to  identify  the 
effects  of  this  deficiency. 


FREEZE,  CAN  or  CORN? 

B y  Romcyn  Berry 


TWO  YEARS  AGO  my  wife  said 
she  couldn’t  see  any  sense  in  keep¬ 
ing  cows  and  buying  beef.  After  I 
had  explained  to  her  the  economic 
theories  that  justified  the  practice,  I 
couldn’t  see  any  sense  in  it  either. 

As  a  result  of  that  episode,  we  now 
have  a  two-year-old  steer  named  Henry 
who  is  destined  to  become  porterhouse 
steak,  rib  roast,  top  round,  and  corned 
beef  hash  before  snow  flies.  We  also 
possess  a  large,  awkward  bull  calf, 
named  James,  who  now  has  the  Repub¬ 
lican  nomination  for  the  same  office 
in  1943,  which  out  our  way  is  prac¬ 
tically  the  same  as  being  elected. 

When  my  wife  says  she  wants 
meat,  she  means  beef.  She  doesn’t 
mean  veal,  chicken,  pork,  or  something 
I  managed  to  shoot  while  it  was  climb¬ 
ing  over  a  fence  or  crawling  under  it. 
And  when  she  says  beef,  she  means 
grain-fed  steer  beef.  Between  Henry 
and  James,  it  looks  as  if  we  could  get 
her  quieted  down  pretty  soon  now. 

When  we  started  this  Henry  busi¬ 
ness  nearly  two  years  ago,  we  did  not 
have  a  war  of  our  own  and  we  did  not 
have  a  freezing  box.  Both  have  since 
been  acquired,  and  each  tends  to  justify 
I  the  beef  experiment.  The  war  has  put 
meat  up,  and  the  box  has  given  us  a 
place  to  put  it  down.  We  don’t  visit 
the  butcher  any  more,  but  we  still  look 
over  the  quotations  on  Saturday 
specials  in  the  Friday  night  paper,  and 
they  make  us  a  little  uncomfortable. 
With  stew  meat  over  30  cents  a  pound, 
Henry  adds  up  more  precious  than 
rubies,  and  possibly  it’s  our  patriotic 
duty  to  turn  him  in  and  worry  through 
the  winter  ourselves  on  venison  and 
rabbit  potpie.  However,  my  wife  will 
doubtless  be  able  to  talk  me  out  of 
such  vagrant  fancies. 

And  the  miraculous  part  is  that  I 
can’t  see  where  it  has  cost  us  anything 
to  raise  all  that  steer  beef.  Outside 
of  one  doctor’s  bill,  of  course,  Henry’s 
rearing  has  involved  no  cash  outlay. 
What  he  has  eaten  was  just  what  we 
had  around  the  place. 

Santa  Claus  brought  us  our  freezing 
box  last  .fall,  just  before  pig-killing 
time.  While  we  used  it  freely  for 
roasting  chickens,  pork  and  veal,  we 
were  always  conscious  of  constraint. 
Always  back  in  our  minds  was  the 
thought,  “We’ve  got  to  go  easy  and 
watch  our  step.  We  mustn’t  let  this 
dingus  get  so  clogged  up  with  chicken, 
spinach,  veal,  strawberries,  pork  chops, 
and  lima  beans  that  there  won’t  be 
room  for  Henry  when  the  time  comes.” 

All  through  Henry’s  adolescence  we 
held  pretty  strictly  to  our  principles, 
but  now  that  he  has  grown  up  and  put 
on  long  pants,  I’m  afraid  that  we  have 
slipped  a  little.  All  summer  Henry 
has  been  getting  bigger  and  bigger, 
while  the  freezing  box  hasn’t.  Indeed, 
it  seems  to  have  been  going  the  other 
way.  That’s  because  we  made  a  little 
mistake  and  planted  too  much  garden. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  we  always  plant 
too  much  garden,  on  the  theory  that 
one  is  bound  to  have  a  few  disappoint¬ 
ments,  crop  failures,  and  cut  worms; 
and  if  you  plant  too  much,  you  can 
sustain  many  losses  and  still  come  out 
on  top.  But  this  year  everything 
seems  to  have  flourished.  The  garden 
built  itself  up  like  a  great  tidal  wave 
that  first  threatened  and  then  in  Aug¬ 
ust  broke  with  a  roar  and  smothered 
us  in  a  whirling  foam  of  Black  Beauty 
egg  plant,  telephone  peas,  cucumbers, 
Ponderoso  tomatoes,  sweet  corn,  green 
peppers,  Harvard  beets,  edible  soy¬ 
beans,  and  what  not.  Most  folks 
would  have  treated  such  embarrassing 
bounties  philosophically.  They’d  have 
eaten  vast  quantities,  canned  what  they 
could,  sold  all  the  market  would  take, 


and  then,  with  a  clear  conscience,  fed 
the  balance  to  the  pigs. 

But  not  my  wife!  To  her  the  gar¬ 
den  is  a  challenge,  and  while  there’s 
left  on  the  farm  a  vacant  stove  top, 
an  empty  shelf,  an  unused  glass  jar 
or  stone  crock,  the  pigs  get  no  fresh 
fruit  or  vegetables.  To  her,  the  sur¬ 
plus  of  August  is  the  only  answer  to 
the  famine  of  March,  and  there  are  no 
two  ways  about  it. 

But  this  year  the  garden  got  ahead 
of  her.  With  every  stove,  kettle,  pres¬ 
sure  cooker,  and  wash  boiler  in  use,  she 
could  not  catch  up.  We  just  had  to 
freeze  peaches,  broccoli,  peas,  and  lima 
beans.  And  that’s  why  the  Henry 
problem  now  looms  up  in  such  a  men¬ 
acing  manner.  The  space  so  long  re¬ 
served  for  porterhouse  steak,  prime 
roast  ribs  au  jus,  and  filet  mignon  is 
all  clogged  up  with  garden  truck. 

However,  all  is  not  yet  lost.  We 
might  get  a  killing  frost  anytime  now 
to  take  the  excess  energy  from  a  too 
prolific  garden,  and  we  are  not  actu* 
ally  compelled  to  convert  Henry  for 
another  four  months.  With  four 
months  to  turn  around  in  and  do  a  lot 
of  close  figuring,  we’ll  probably  be  able 
to  work  out  a  solution.  After  all  there 
is  no  law  which  requires  a  farm  to 
wait  until  it  is  snowed  in  before  it 
starts  to  work  on  its  winter  store  of 
food.  It’s  quite  possible  to  have  frozen 
strawberries  for  supper  in  October,  as 
well  as  broccoli,  green  peas,  or  lima 
beans.  And  while  my  wife  refuses  to 
mention  it  (or  have  it  mentioned  in 
her  presence)  it  is  none  the  less  true 
that  the  vast  majority  of  Henry  is  not 
choice  cuts.  Most  of  him  is  chuck, 
plate,  rump,  short  ribs,  soup  bones,  and 
Irish  stew,  items  much  more  adapted  to 
canning,  corning  and  smoking  than 
to  freezing. 

The  best  way  to  build  up  an  inde¬ 
pendent  winter  food  supply  without  re¬ 
course  to  somebody’s  Super  Market  is 
all  the  different  ways  —  can,  com, 
freeze,  smoke,  and  pickle!  Each  has 
its  manifest  advantages,  and  all  to¬ 
gether  spell  variety.  No  longer  is  the 
hill  farmer  on  a  dirt  road  limited  in 
his  choice  to  pancakes  or  going  out  in¬ 
to  the  drifts  on  the  chance  of  shooting 
a  buck. 

Some  day  next  February  when  the 
school  bus  hasn’t  been  through  for  a 
week,  when  the  roads  are  drifted  full, 
and  loose  boards  are  flapping  in  the 
tempest,  my  wife  will  say,  “What  shall 
we  have  for  dinner?  Roast  beef,  hash 
brown  potatoes,  green  peas,  and 
strawberry  shortcake  ?  Or  can  you 
stand  porterhouse  steak,  broccoli,  and 
sliced  peaches  one  more  time?” 

And  I’ll  reply,  “No,  let’s  blow  our¬ 
selves  and  have  something  unusual  for 
once.  Let’s  have  corned  beef  hash. 
Thank  Heaven,  we  didn’t  freeze  all  of 
Henry.” 


“Haircut” 


American'  Agriculturist,  September  12,  1942 


19  (505) 


This  mobile  kitchen  fed  hundreds  of  people  during-  Tompkins  County  Nutrition  Week 
field  days,  and  proved  itself  to  be  workable,  practical,  and  speedy.  The  kitchen,  a 
reconditioned  farm  truck,  was  developed  by  the  New  York  State  College  of  Home 
Economics  for  use  in  feeding  large  groups  of  people  in  time  of  disaster.  Any  county 
can  easily  equip  itself  with  a  truck  of  this  kind. —  Photo  by  Louise  Boyle. 

The  W omen  Got  It  Across 

fiif  Maly  Cjetilesi  PUiUifui 


MEN  LIKE  to  talk  about  good 
food,  but  if  you  get  highbrow 
and  speak  of  “nutrition”, 
their  watering  mouths  go  dry 
and  their  eyes  lose  a  certain  an¬ 
ticipatory  sparkle.  The  women  of  the 
Nutrition  Committee  of  Tompkins 
County,  New  York,  knew  this,  and  yet 
they  realized  how  important  it  is  to 
get  the  right  kind  of  food  into  peoples’ 
bodies.  They  wanted  to  get  three 
ideas  across  to  everybody  in  Tompkins 
County : 

FIRST,  that  the  right  foods  must  be 
grown  in  greater  quantity. 

SECOND,  that  the  protective  foods 
(fruits,  vegetables,  milk,  eggs,  meats,  and 
whole  grain  or  “enriched”  cereals  and 
breads)  must  reach  the  table  of  every 
family  in  the  county. 

THIRD,  that  every  family,  from  Grandpa 
to  the  baby,  must  eat  the  foods  that  best 
nourish  them,  that  make  them  strong 
and  healthy. 

So  these  women  determined  to  roll 
up  their  sleeves  and  pitch  in  to  hold 
a  “Nutrition  Week”  that  would  make 
everyone  willing  to  take  personal  re¬ 
sponsibility  for  strengthening  America 
through  food. 

Tompkins  County  is  especially  rich 
in  resources  because  the  county  seat, 
Ithaca,  is  the  home  of  Cornell  Univers¬ 
ity,  of  a  United  States  Animal  Nutri¬ 
tion  Laboratory,  and  of  Ithaca  College 
which  specializes  in  physical  education. 
Scientists  from  these  institutions  co¬ 
operated  in  the  program  to  make  the 
week  the  success  it  was,  but  any 
county  in  the  country  can  do  some¬ 
thing  similar.  And  only  if  every  coun¬ 
ty  gets  down  to  work  can  the  people 
become  enthusiastic  over  Nutrition. 

Nutrition  Week  was  held  during 
July,  just  a  month  after  the  idea  was 
first  conceived  by  Jeannette  Beyer  Mc- 
Cay,  co-chairman  of  the  Nutrition 
Committee  and  a  foods  specialist  who 
lives  on  a  farm.  Everyone  who  could 
walk,  talk,  and  work  was  put  on  some 
committee  and  given  a  job;  all  pulled 
together  —  newspapers,  broadcasting 
stations,  movie  houses,  clubs,  shops, 
utilities,  health  and  welfare  agencies, 
schools,  and  just  plain  men,  women 
and  children  —  and  everyone  had  a 
grand  time. 

The  shops  of  all  the  communities, 
from  one  end  of  the  county  to  the  oth¬ 
er,  blossomed  with  red,  white  and  blue 
posters  carrying  the  slogan, 

“MAKE  TOMPKINS  COUNTY 
STRONG” 

Many  of  the  shops  had  special  exhibits 
m  their  windows  featuring  such  topics 
as  “Vitamins  for  Victory”,  “Eat  for 


the  Job”,  and  the  like,  showing  the 
necessity  for  healthful  eating  and  care¬ 
ful  meal  planning  and  buying.  In  one 
food  shop  window  in  Ithaca  was  a 
clever  miniature  victory  garden  with 
the  gardeners  made  from  vegetables. 
In  another  shop  window  was  a  revolv¬ 
ing  exhibit,  showing  the  diseases  caus¬ 
ed  by  faulty  diets,  and  it  carried  this 
definition  of  a  vitamin: 

A  Vitamin  is  a  substance  that 

makes  you  sick  if  you  don’t  eat  it! 

An  interesting  thing  about  these  ex¬ 
hibits  is  that  most  of  them  were  en¬ 
tirely  prepared  by  housewives,  not  by 
college  experts.  Take  for  example,  the 
revolving  exhibit  mentioned  above, 
which  was  prepared  by  Mrs.  O.  Rahn 
of  Ithaca.  To  demonstrate  rickets, 
Mrs.  Rahn  fashioned  little  dolls  and 
animals  out  of  putty,  showing  physical 
deformities  caused  by  this  disease. 
Then  she  indicated  its  prevention  and 
cure  by  grouping  with  this  exhibit  the 
foods  necessary  to  combat  it  —  milk, 
eggs,  cod  liver  oil  —  and  a  printed 
card  added  “sunshine.” 

To  demonstrate  the  effects  of  Pel¬ 
lagra,  a  disease  common  in  the  south 
among  negroes  who  have  a  limited 
diet,  Mrs.  Rahn  made  a  tiny  hospital 
bed  (the  frame  -was  contrived  out  of 
white  pipe  cleaners,  and  the  sheets 
were  small  handkerchiefs),  on  which 
reclined  a  little  black  figure  in  the  last 
stages  of  the  disease.  The  cure  and 
prevention  were  again  demonstrated  by 
a  grouping  of  the  foods  needed  to  com¬ 
bat  it  —  fresh  meat,  fresh  vegetables, 
eggs,  brown  rice,  and  milk. 

This  was  just  one  of  the  fascinating 
and  effective  exhibits  which  were  made 
by  the  women  of  the  county,  and  which 
were  studied  closely  by  thousands  of 
interested  pedestrians. 

The  opening  gun  for  the  week  was 
a  “Nutrition  Dinner”,  good  to  eat  and 
good  to  look  at,  at  which  the  speakers 
included  high  school  students,  a  Boy 
Scout,  a  Girl  Scout,  the  Superintendent 
of  Ithaca  schools,  several  men  repre¬ 
senting  retail  foods  companies,  and  a 
Cornell  professor. 

During  the  morning  and  afternoon 
hours  every  day,  radio  talks,  round 
table  discussions,  panel  discussions, 
and  demonstrations  were  given.  One 
demonstration  was  especially  arranged 
for  restaurant  managers  to  show  them 
how  to  conserve  food  values  in  large 
quantity  cooking;  others  on  sugar¬ 
saving  dishes,  on  canning  and  drying 
of  fruits  and  vegetables,  and  on  box 
lunches  for  defense  workers  and  school 
children.  These  were  repeated  in  sev¬ 
eral  communities  for  the  benefit  of 


homemakers. 

Other  events  were  a  public  lecture 
by  Lawrence  K.  Frank,  Vice-President 
of  the  Macey  Foundation,  on  “Main¬ 
taining  Civilian  Morale  in  Family- 
Life”;  a  tour  of  victory  gardens;  a 
movie,  “Hidden  Hunger”,  shown  at  sev¬ 
eral  movie  houses,  which  taught  the 
lessons  of  good  nutrition.  The  Public 
Library  in  the  county  seat  displayed 
cookbooks,  books  on  nutrition  and 
health,  buying  guides,  menus  and 
recipes. 

The  Rotary,  Kiwanis,  and  Exchange 
clubs  had  special  nutrition  programs 
during  the  week;  the  Ithaca  Journal 
published  an  editorial  urging  the  peo¬ 
ple  of  the  county  to  take  advantage 
of  what  was  offered  on  the  program  to 
learn  how  to  become  fit  through  food 
and  physical  training;  the  truck  gar¬ 
deners  pledged  themselves  to  greater 
effort  in  growing  the  foods  needed  for 
local  consumption;  the  Home  Bureaus 
and  4-H  Clubs  helped  in  many  ways 
with  the  demonstrations  and  round 
tables. 

The  highlight  of  the  week,  accord¬ 
ing  to  the  children,  was  the  field  day 
that  stressed  the  four  points  of  the 
physical-fitness-for- victory  program : 

1.  Correct  your  defects. 

2.  Improve  your  health. 

3.  Develop  your  strength. 

4.  Develop  your  skills. 

A  mobile  kitchen  was  active  during 
the  week  wherever  field  days  were 


held,  dispensing  wholesome,  hearty 
sandwiches,  cookies,  and  cold  bever¬ 
ages,  so  that  many  became  familiar 
with  its  potentialities.  This  kitchen  is 
a  reconditoned  truck  such  as  is  found 
on  many  farm?.  It  has  had  added  to 
it  storage  and  cooking  equipment  that 
any  community  could  furnish  and  any 
carpenter  could  put  into  place.  From 
it  a  complete  meal  can  be  served  to 
about  150  persons,  or  a  one-dish  meal 
to  about  500  persons. 

The  mobile  kitchen  was  planned  and 
developed  by  the  New  York  State  Col¬ 
lege  of  Home  Economics.  Through  its 
use  during  Nutrition  Week,  canteen 
workers  discovered  that  it  is  workable, 
practical  and  speedy.  If  every  county 
could  equip  itself  with  a  truck  of  this 
kind,  it  could  feel  assured  that  in  time 
of  disaster  there  would  be  no  confusion 
nor  waste  motion  in  getting  food  to  its 
families. 

Wartime  Cookbook 

One  idea  that  began  during  the  week 
was  that  of  publishing  a  “Tompkins 
County  Wartime  Cookbook.”  As  soon 
as  it  announced  that  homemakers  of 
the  county  were  invited  to  send  in 
their  best  recipes  for  nutritious,  inex¬ 
pensive  dishes,  or  for  those  containing 
little  or  no  sugar,  the  editors  were 
snowed  under  with  an  avalanche  of 


recipes. 

The  result  is  an  attractive  cookbook, 
( Continued  on  Page  22) 


Clear  the  Lines 
for  the  War 

Before  you  make  a  Long  Distance  telephone 
call  today#  ask  yourself  these  questions: 

1.  Is  it  necessary? 

2.  Will  it  interfere  with  war  calls?  y  , 

The  weight  of  war  on  the  telephone  lines 
is  heavier  every  day.  We  can't  build  the  new 
lines  to  carry  it  because  sufficient  materials 
aren't  available.  We've  got  to  make  the  most 
of  the  service  we  now  have. 

,  Please  give  a  clear  track  to  the  war  effort 
by  confining  your  Long  Distance  calls  to 
those  that  are  really  necessary. 


*) 


WAR  CALLS  | 
COME  FIRST 


BEIL I.  TELEPHONE  SYSTEM 


(506)  20 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  September  12,  1942 


War  changes  everything 


even  arithmetic 

IN  normal  peacetime  a  good  pullet  plus  a  good  laying 
ration  would  equal  satisfactory  egg  production  and  profit 
to  the  poultryman.  Now  it  adds  up  to  something  extra,  the 
fulfillment  of  the  Government's  tremendous  demand  for 
eggs  in  this  war  year  of  '42. 

Fifty  billion  eggs  are  wanted  this  year.  The  year  is  running 
out  but  the  goal  will  be  attained  if  poultrymen  everywhere 
feed  good  laying  mashes  to  their  new  pullets  and  their  older 
hens  this  Fall. 

Good  laying  mashes  are  made  of  good  ingredients.  One 
ingredient  that  puts  an  egg-producing  punch  into  any  ration 
is  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL.  Reasons?  41%  of  protein  is  one.  A 
vitamin  A  potency  several  times  that  of  whole  yellow  corn  is 
another.  Both  are  important  points  now  that  vitamin  A  and 
protein  from  animal  sources  are  scarce  and  expensive. 

Start  the  Fall  feeding  season  in  earnest  with  a  laying 
[mash  containing  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL. 


CORN  PRODUCTS  SALES  CO.. 

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DISTRIBUTORS  OF 

DIAMOND 

OLDEST  AND  BIGGEST 
SELLING  BRAND  OF 


CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL 


Chas.  M.  Powell,  R.  I,  Pedricktown,  N.  J. 


FQRyiCTORY 


UNITED 
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WAR 

BONDS 

AND 

STAMPS 


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GET  THE  LATEST 

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jbid  you  Say  tllSV  ? 


FARM  WOMEN  have  had  a  busy 
summer.  They  always  have  had, 
but  1942  has  seen  extra  effort  —  extra 
effort  to  do  a  hundred  and  one  things 
to  help  win  the  war;  homey  things  like 
raising  Victory  gardens,  preserving 
every  bit  of  food  possible,  trying  "hut 
new  ways  of  putting  up  fruit  and  mak¬ 
ing'  jelly  so  as  to  save  sugar;  making 
clothes  last  longer;  and,  above  all, 
making  home  such  a  pleasant,  interest¬ 
ing  place  that  the  family  doesn’t  miss 
those  frequent  trips  to  town. 

It  isn’t  possible,  of  course,  to  get 
any  kind  of  a  complete  record  of  what 
has  been  accomplished  by  ALL  of  the 
farm  women  who  are  contributing  to 
the  war  effort,  so  we  thought  we’d  take 
a  single  family,  and  then  multiply 
what  they  are  doing  by,  say,  six  mil¬ 
lion — which  is  the  number  of  farms  in 
the  United  States. 

The  farm  family  we  are  taking  live 
here  in  the  Northeast.  We  aren’t  men¬ 
tioning  their  name  because  they  prefer 
to  be  just  a  symbol  of  what  all  farm 
families  are  trying  to  do.  So  we’ll 
just  call  them  the  X’s.  There  are  six 
in  their  family  —  mother,  father,  and 
four  children  under  15  years.  And  liv¬ 
ing  nearby  are  a  grandfather  and 
grandmother,  near  enough  so  that  the 
two  families  often  cooperate  in  can¬ 
ning  and  home  freezing  jobs.  (The 
X’s  are  fortunate  in  having  a  home 
freezer.) 

When  we  asked  Mrs.  X  to  tell  us 
what  she  considered  was  her  family’s 
part  in  the  war,  and  in  particular  her 
part,  she  said: 

1.  Grow  our  own  food,  more  this 
year  than  ever  before. 

2.  Can,  freeze,  and  store  food  for 

winter  months. 

3.  Reduce  shopping  trips  to  town, by 
having  home  supply  of  foods,  and  by 
keeping  a  reserve  of  such  staples  as 
flour,  coffee,  salt,  at  least  enough  to 
last  two  weeks. 

4.  Keep  the  family  well  and  happy. 

5.  Serve  balanced  meals. 

6  Keep  clothing  in  good  repair. 

7.  Take  care  of  household  equipment. 
8.  Encourage  hobbies. 

9.  Buy  war  stamps  and  bonds  when 
possible. 

10.  Try  to  make  home  attractive 
and  have  family  fun. 

We  asked  Mrs.  X  for  a  facts-and- 
figures  record  of  what  she  has  canned 
and  otherwise  preserved  this  season, 
and  here  it  is: 


FROZEN  CANNED 

Asparagus. _ 22  pkgs.  25  No.  3  tins 

Peas  _ 45  ” 

Pitted  black  cher¬ 
ries  _  21  quarts 

(2  quarts  and 

Strawberr.es  ....  48  ”  j  ,4  g|asses  of  jam 
T  8  pints 

Raspberries _  \  19  passes  jam 

|  4  pints  juice 

Apple  Sauce _  19  quarts 

Blueberries  _ 20  ”  2  quarts 

String  Beans _  40  No.  3  tins 

Shell  Beans _  9  pints 

Still  working  on  the  following: 

Peaches  _  19  ” 

Lima  Beans _ 17  ” 

/  62  No.  3  tins 

Tomatoes _ _  5  4  No.  3  tins  tomato  paste 

l  Juice  still  to  be  done 

Pears _ _ _  Expect  to  do  25  No.  3  tins 

Corn _ _ _ 16  ” 

so  far 

Plums  _  Expect  to  do  20  quarts 

Brussels  Sprouts..  30  " 

Grape  Juice -  Expect  to  do  20  quarts 

Broccoli  _ 20  ” 


MEAT  FROZEN: 

3  pkgs.  veal  chops 

2  pkgs.  chopped  veal 
6  cutlets 

6  veal  roasts 

I  veal  roast  with  pocket 

3  chickens  for  fricassee 
10  chickens  for  frying 

Plan  to  freeze  10  for  roasting 

Pork  will  be  frozen  in  December 

Have  two  lambs  we  can  freeze  if  advisable 

Mrs.  X  adds  the  following  com¬ 
ments: 

“All  of  these  foods  were  raised  on 


our  own  farm.  We  have  the  following 
to  store :  potatoes,  turnips,  cabbage, 
cauliflower,  sweet  potatoes,  onions! 
celery,  carrots,  beets,  and  apples. 

“The  farm  flock  of  chickens  is  large 
enough  to  supply  us-  with  eggs  the 
year  round.  With  two  cows,  (this  is 
a  vegetatjle  farm)  we  have  been  able 
to  make  enough  butter  for  home  use 
since  early  Spring,  and  at  present  milk 
is  plentiful. 

“In  the  case  of  black  cherries  and 
strawberries,  I  did  not  put  up  as  many 
in  1942  as  in  1941,  but  only  because 
I  had  to  take  *a  few  days  off  for  a 
hospital  trip. 

“In  making  jam  this  year,  I  used 
bottled  pectin  and  substituted  2  cups 
corn  syrup  for  2  cups  of  sugar  in 
each  batch. 

“My  family  is  not  fond  of  pickles, 
sc  I  did  not  make  any  this  year.  I 
am  going  to  make  sauerkraut  this  fall 
for  the  first  time,  with  the  help  of  one 
of  our  hired  men. 

“With  all  these  farm  grown  food 
products,  we  feel  we  are  going  into  the 
winter  with  more  reserve  than  ever  be¬ 
fore,  and  can  get  along  without  going 
to  the  village  to  shop  oftener  than 
every  two  weeks  if  necessary.  This  is 
helping  us  to  cut  our  mileage  and  save 
gas  and  tires. 

“We  also  plan  to  make  enough  lard 
to  last  us  a  full  year,  just  as  we  did 
in  1941.  We  plant  a  new  fruit  tree 
every  year,  so  that  we  have  newer  va¬ 
rieties  coming  on.  We  have  nut  trees, 
too.  Last  year  we  had  1  bu.  English 
walnuts.-  Two  families  used  these.  We 
have  our  own  black  walnuts,  and  have 
new  hickory  nut  trees  coming  on. 

“We  plan  everything  first  on  paper. 
In  making  out  our  seed  order,  we  select 
varieties  that  are  the  best  for  freezing 
and  for  canning. 

“I  use  a  pressure  cooker  for  all  non¬ 
acid  foods.  I  save  all  mayonnaise  jars, 
peanut  butter  jars,  etc.,  and  buy  tops 
to  fit  them  so  I  can  use  them  for  can¬ 
ning  fruits.  I  have  a  two-burner  laun¬ 
dry  stove  (bottled  gas)  on  my  back 
porch  and  use  this  for  canning.  We 
use  a  wash  boiler  with  an  inside 
wooden  rack,  and  can  do  23  No.  3  tins 
of  tomatoes  at  one  time.  The  children 
help,  and  when  we  can  we  make  a 
business  of  it,  and  get  a  lot  done.” 

AUNT  JANET’S 
fycuKVute  Recipe 

FOR  a  bit  of  novelty,  as  well 
as  for  appetizing  warmth  on 
cool  evenings — not  to  mention  its 
sugar-saving  qualities  —  Mexican 
Chocolate  seem  to  meet  all  re¬ 
quirements.  A  crisp,  salt  or  but¬ 
ter  wafer  makes  a  delightful  ac¬ 
companiment  for  this  filling 
drink.  Simple  entertaining  again! 

MEXICAN  CHOCOLATE 

(Serves  6) 

I  quart  milk  2  squares  (2  ounces) 

I -in.  stick  cinnamon  sweet  chocolate 
(4  teaspoon  salt  Vi  cup  boiling  water 

3  tablespoons  ground  Vi  teaspoon  vanilla 
coffee  Marshmallows 

Combine  milk,  cinnamon,  salt, 
and  coffee  and  heat  to  the  boil¬ 
ing  point.  Strain.  Dissolve  choc¬ 
olate  in  boiling  water  and  add  to 
milk  mixture.  Heat  to  boiling 
point,  add  vanilla  and  pour  over 
marshmallow  in  each  cup. 

The  Mexicans  always  beat 
their  chocolate  before  serving. 
This  makes  a  froth  on  top  in¬ 
stead  of  a  disagreeable  scum. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  September  12,  1942 


21  (507) 


FALL’S  “FASHION  FIRSTS” 


WEARABILITY  and  durability 
characterize  fall  fashions,  yet 
bright  colors  for  casual  and  sports 
wear  relieve  the  work-a-dayness  great¬ 
ly.  Corduroys,  tweeds,  tartan  plaids, 
and  worsted  gabardine  are  some  of  the 
sturdier  materials  often  seen  in  bright 
colors. 

A  jumper  dress,  the  easiest  thing  in 
the  world  to  make,  and  so  nice  and 
slim  in  line,  appears  in  Pattern  No. 
3284;  size's  10  to  20.  Size  16,  for 
jumper  cut  on  the  bias,  3  yds.  35-in. 
fabric;  and  for  short-sleeved  blouse, 
1%  yds.  35-in. 

A  favored  fall  fashion  is  the  weskit 
or  jerkin  as  seen  in  Pattern  No.  2559, 
with  its  attractive  shirtwaist  dress 
equally  important.  Sizes  12  to  20. 
Size  16,  for  dress,  4%  yds.  39-in.  fab¬ 
ric;  and  for  jerkin,  iy2  yds.  35-in. 

A  simple  princess  cut  makes  Pat¬ 
tern  No.  3587  a  very  pretty  jumper, 
also  very  easy  to  run  up  in  a  jiffy. 
Sizes  2  to  8.  Size  4,  for  jumper,  1  y2 
yds.  35-in.  fabric;  and  for  collarless 
blouse,  %  yd.  35-in. 

The  young  miss  may  be  too  young 
to  wear  the  peg-top,  but  the  adapta¬ 
tion  shown  in  Pattern  No.  3566  is  just 
right  for  the  in-between  age.  Sizes 
6  to  14.  Size  8,  2%  yds.  35-in.  fabric 
with  1%  yds.  ric-rac. 

The  front-rank  basque-dirndl  style 
No.  3593  is  a  charming  young  fashion 
and  equal  to  any  daytime  occasion. 
Pattern  sizes  12  to  20.  Size  16,  2% 
yds.  39-in.  fabric  with  5  yds.  ric-rac. 

Hat  No.  3554  could  easily  be  made 
to  match.  The  pattern  is  one  size, 
easily  adaptable  to  any  head  size  and 
is  a  separate  pattern. 

For  the  little  girl,  dress  No.  3584 
is  adorable  for  any  time  or  occasion; 
its  hues  are  especially  designed  to 
harmonize  with  the  little  black  coat 
and  with  it  forms  an  ensemble.  Sizes 
1,  2,  4  and  6  years.  Size  4,  1%  yds. 
35-in.  fabric  with  %  yd.  contrasting 
and  %  yd.  lace  edging. 

Coat  Pattern  No.  3597  is  just  perfect 


for  the  little  girl,  simply  cut  and  pret¬ 
tily  flared.  Sizes  1,  2,  4,  and  6  years. 
Size  4,  1  ys  yds.  54-in.  fabric. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address, 
pattern  size  and  number  clearly  and 
enclose  15c  in  stamps.  Address  Pat¬ 
tern  Dept.,  American  Agriculturist ,  10 
No.  Cherry  Street,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

The  FALL-WINTER  FASHION 
BOOK  is  full  of  smart  styles  for  all 
sizes,  ages  and  occasions  —  an  indis¬ 
pensable  book  for  home  sewers.  Price 
just  12c  in  coin  or  stamps;  or  send  25c 
for  a  fashion  book  and  a  pattern  of 
your  own  choosing. 


Today  in 
Aunt  Janet’s  Carden 


HI 


“I  never  did  see  such  a  woman 
&s  mother  for  getting  bargains !” 


Don’t  Waste?  September 

THE  GARDENER  who  looks  ahead 
makes  good  use  of  September  and 
October.  Daffodils  should  be  put  in 
without  delay  and  many  of  the  per¬ 
ennials  can  be  moved  now,  saving  a 
lot  of  time  and  work  next  spring.  This 
applies  to  shrubs  also.  September  is  a 
good  time  for  moving  evergreens. 

Deciduous  trees  or  shrubs  if  still  in 
full  leaf  ought  to  have  their  leaves  re¬ 
moved  at  transplanting  time  and  need 
to  be  pruned  back  pretty  heavily.  The 
top  should  balance  with  the  reduced 
root  system.  Evergreens,  especially 
conifers,  cannot  be  cut  back  much. 
They  are  better  if  moved  with  a  ball 
of  earth  on  the  roots;  a  special  precau¬ 
tion  is  wrapping  the  top  of  a  tree  with 
burlap  over  the  winter  to  prevent  dry¬ 
ing  out.  However,  this  should  not  be 
put  on  until  the  weather  is  really  cold. 
A  mulch  over  the  roots  is  a  further 
precaution.  Mounding  soil  up  slightly 
around  the  main  stem  of  the  tree  pre¬ 
vents  water  from  standing  at  the  roots. 

Frosty  nights  will  be  coming  soon, 
if  not  already  in  your  section.  The 
dahlia  will  go  at  the  first  breath  of 
frost  unless  protected.  After  tops  are 
blackened,  the  roots  should  remain  in 
the  ground  a  week  or  10  days  to  ripen. 

The  end  of  September  is  usually  time 
enough  for  lifting  early  planted  gladi¬ 
oli  bulbs.  This  gives  them  time  to 
dry  out  before  being  stored.  The  easi¬ 
est  way  to  dig  the  corms  is  to  lift  the 
plants  with  a  fork,  cut  off  tops  im¬ 
mediately  and  leave  corms  in  the  sun 
to  dry.  Burn  tops  immediately  before 
any  thrips  on  them  may  get  into  the 
freshly  lifted  corms.  If  dug  early  in 
the  morning  they  ought  to  be  ready  to 
store  in  the  evening.  They  could  be 
placed  in  labeled  strawberry  boxes  or 
4-quart  boxes  to  dry.  When  thorough¬ 
ly  dried,  they  can  be  cleaned  and  plac¬ 
ed  in  paper  bags.  When  digging,  be 
careful  to  put  correct  labels  with  each 
variety. 


"Grape  Jelly-Making  Season’s 
Almost  Over! 


. . .  and  the  Certo  folks  give  you  your  choice 
of  these  3  nifty  sugar-saving  ideas! 


extra  supply  of  sugar  for  jam  and 
jelly-makers!  You  get  it  simply 
by  applying  to  your  local  sugar  ra¬ 
tioning  board.  If  you  don’t  know 
where  it  is,  ask  your  grocer. 

To  use  your  sugar  wisely,  follow 
one  of  these  three  tested  methods 
worked  out  by  Certo  .  .  . 

•  The  regular  way,  with  Certo,  is 

the  way  if  you  have  plenty  of 
sugar  for  jelly-making.  For  with 
Certo’s  half-minute  boil  for  jellies, 
a  minute  or  so  for  jams,  all  the 
fresh-fruit  goodness  stays  right  in 
your  kettle  —  hasn’t  time  to  boil 
away!  And  with 
Certo’s  depend¬ 
able  recipes  at¬ 
tached  to  every 
bottle,  there’s  so 
little  chance  of 


•  Write  today  for  your  Certo 
folder  that  tells  exactly  how  to 
pasteurize  fruit  or  juice  without 
sugar  now,  and  keep  it  until  you 
have  saved  enough  sugar  to  make 
it  "into  sparkling  jam  or  jelly  later. 
To  get  your  helpful  pasteurizing 
folder,  just  send  your  name  and 
address,  with  a  3^  stamp  to  cover! 
mailing  cost,  to  Certo,  Dept.94.2-D, 
Battle  Creek,  Michigan.  ^  - - 

*  *  * 

Remember — with  all  these  tested 
jelly-making  methods,  Certo  is  the 
pectin  to  use.  For  Certo  is  the  pec¬ 
tin  choice  of  jelly  champions !  Your 
grocer  is  featuring  Certo  now. 


A  Product  of  General  Foods 


Doesn’t  it  make  you  want  to 
stock  your  pantry  with  jelly  when 
you  see  the  stands  piled  high  with 
plump,  luscious  grapes  these  days? 
You  can  do  it,  too!  For  there’s  an 

S' 


failure  resulting  in  waste  of  pre¬ 
cious  fruit  and  sugar! 


Substitute  light  corn  syrup  for 

two  of  the  cups  of  sugar — and  no 
more — in  any  Certo  recipe.  Isn’t 
that  easy?  With  popular  grape 
jam,  for  instance,  this  plan  will 
give  you  one-half  more  jam  for 
^every  cup  of  sugar  you  use ! 


(508  )  22 


< 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  September  12,  1942 


AN  IMPORTANT 
MESSAGE  TO 


The  advantages  that  have 
made  Maca  Yeast  a  big  fa¬ 
vorite  with  thousands  and 
thousands  of  housewives 
also  make  it  ideal  for  use  by  our 
armed  forces. 

The  fact  that  Maca  acts  fast,  yet 
keeps  without  refrigeration  makes  it 
possible  for  our  Army  and  Navy  to 
bake  wholesome,  nourishing  bread, 
many  miles  from  any  supply  base. 

We  have  already  doubled  our  out¬ 
put  of  Maca  Yeast  in  an  effort  to  sup¬ 
ply  both  our  military  needs  and  the 
demands  of  American  housewives. 


Women 


WHO  BAKE  AT  HOME 


But  as  this  is  being  written  we  do  not 
know  how  much  Maca  we  will  be 
able  to  supply  to  you  in  the  future. 

In  preparation  for  this  possibility, 
and  so  that  housewives  can  still  get 
a  good  yeast  for  home  baking,  we 
have  made  available  a  new  and  im¬ 
proved  YEAST  Foam.  This  grand  bak¬ 
ing  standby  has  the  same  remarkable 
keeping  qualities— gives  bakings  the 
same  rich  flavor  that  made  it  famous 
—  but  is  now  faster-acting  than  ever 
before.  It’s  economical,  too  — gives 
five  bakings  for  only  10c! 

So  if  you  can’t  get  Maca  Yeast, 
you’ll  know  our  Army  and  Navy  is 
getting  it.  And  you  can  get  marvel¬ 
ous  results  with  YEAST  Foam. 

THE  NORTHWESTERN  YEAST  CO. 

1750  N.  ASHLAND  AVENUE,  CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS 


Speaking  of 
PATIENCE 

When  careless  and  thoughtless 
trespassers  leave  your  pasture  bar- 
ways  open,  shoot  your  chickens  and 
livestock  and  commit  other  nuis¬ 
ances,  the  mention  of  patience  is 
out  of  the  question.  You  are  ready 
to  go  into  action.  But  before  you  do. 

Post  Your  Farm 

with  our  "NO  TRESPASSING"  signs 

and  you  will  have  the  law  clearly  on 
your  side.  Our  signs  are  printed  on 
heavy  fabric  (12"xl2")  that  with¬ 
stands  wind  and  weather.  They  are 
easy  to  see  and  read. 

Price  WITHOUT  Name  and  Address 
$1.00  per  doz. ;  $3.50  per  50;  $6.50  per  100 
Price  WITH  Name  and  Address 
$3.00  per  doz.;  $5.50  per  50;  $8.50  per  100 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 

10  N.  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


Laban  W.  Warren,  R.  I,  Hartland,  Vt. 


Famous  to  Relieve  ‘PERIODIC'"^  . 

FEMALE 

PAIN 

And  Help  Build  Up  Resistance  Against  It! 


If  at  such  times  you  suffer  pain,  tired, 
nervous  feelings,  distress  of  “irregu¬ 
larities” — due  to  functional  monthly 
disturbances — start  at  once — try  Lydia 
E.  Pinkham’s  Vegetable  Compound — 
so  helpful  to  relieve  such  distress  be¬ 
cause  of  its  soothing  effect  on  one 
of  woman’s  most  important  organs. 

Taken  regularly  —  Pinkham’s  helps 
build  up  resistance  against  such 
symptoms.  Also  a  fine  stomachic 
tonic!  Follow  label  directions. 

For  free  trial  bottle  tear  this  out 
and  send  with  name  and  address  to 
the  Lydia  E.  Pinkham  Medicine  Co., 
661  Cleveland  St.,  Lynn,  Mass. 


s 


Jo  Relieve  Vf5Sk* 

Misery  o/_  M  ttijB 

tPl 666 

LIQUID. TABLETS.  SALVE.  NOSE  DROPS 


CHRISTMAS  CARDS.  Sell  50  assorted  folders,  name 
imprinted  $1.00.  Cost  you  50c.  Samples  free.  Experi¬ 
ence  unnecessary.  DUNBAR,  New  Brunswick.  N.  J. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


GREETING  CARDS,  Introductory  offer,  10  Beautiful 
■•All  Occasion”  25c.  PARMINGTON,  AI329  Culver, 
Rochester,  N.  Y. 


The  Farm  Station 

/  v  % 

of  New  England 

WKNE 

LISTEN . 

to  your  kind  of  programs 
at  1290  on  your  radio 


Overhand  Patch  NUMBER 

By  MILDRED  CARNEY, 

Cornell  Clothing  Specialist. 


rHIS  IS  a  neat  and  inconspicuous 
patch  and  may  be  used  in  many 
places. 

1.  Cut  away  the  worn  or  torn  places 
in  the  garment  or  article,  making  the 
hole  square  or  oblong. 

2.  Clip  corners  diagonally  V8  to  14 
inch,  depending  upon  the  material. 

3.  Cut  the  patch  large  enough  to 


cover  the  hole  with  sufficient  allowance 
for  a  seam. 

4.  Place  the  patch  on  the  under  side 
of  the  garment  or  article  so  that  the 
right  side  of  the  patch  and  the  wrong 
side  of  the  garment  are  together,  and 
so  that  the  design  and  the  lengthwise 
and  crosswise  threads  of  both  match. 

5.  Baste  patch  to  the  article. 

6.  Crease  the  patch  along  the  four 
sides  of  the  hole  on  a  thread  so  that 
the  patch  just  fits  the  hole.  If  the 


n 

% 

/tJ 

*»fPf***t"4**** 

'tin*** 

t 

: 

s 

-  X 

; 

•  I 

5 

% 

% 

X 

% 

J 

* 

X 

X 

\ 

X 

X 

X 

\ 

% 

I 

///;///*< 

_ 

'/  / 

It  HI  t  H* 

X 

% 

% 

FIG.  2— RIGHT  SIDE 


material  does  not  crease,  like  some 
rayons,  mark  with  a  basting  thread  or 
press. 

7.  Remove  the  basting  thread  from 
one  side.  Fold  the  article  back  under 
from  the  right  side,  and  fold  the  patch 
on  the  marked  line  so  that  the  right 
side  of  the  article  and  the  right  side 
of  the  patch  fit  together  with  the  fold¬ 
ed  edges  even.  (Fig.  1.) 

8.  From  the  wrong  side,  overhand 
these  two  folded  edges  together  with 
small  stitches,  using  a  fine  needle  and 
fine  thread.  (Also  shown  in  Fig.  1.) 
Overhand  all  four  sides.  When  well 
done,  the  small  straight  overhanding 
stitches  show  only  slightly  on  the 
right  side.  (Fig.  2.) 

9.  Crease  the  seam  open  and  trim 
off  the  patch  14  to  %ths  of  an  inch 
beyond  the  seam  line.  Clip  out  the 
surplus  material  of  the  patch  at  the 
corners.  Overcast  the  edges  and 
press.  (Shown  in  Fig.  1.) 


The  Women  Got  It  Across 

$ 

( Continued  from  Page  19) 


with  each  recipe  signed  by  the  donor. 
Included  in  its  thirty-six  pages  are 
recipes  for  nourishing  soups,  meat 
dishes,  meat  substitutes,  bean  casser¬ 
oles,  a  guide  to  cooking  vegetables  so 
as  to  retain  vitamins  and  minerals,  two 
pages  filled  with  special  vegetable 
recipes;  salads,  sandwiches,  whole 
grain  and  enriched  breads,  muffins, 
cookies;  a  section  entitled  “What!  No 
sugar?”,  with  half  a  dozen  pages  of 
sugarless  desserts  (cookies,  puddings, 
cakes,  pies),  and  five  more  pages  of 
desserts  “on  the  sugar  ration.”  The 
book  also  includes  a  page  on  “Drip¬ 
pings”,  giving  directions  for  clarifying 
fats  and  for  softening  hard  fats  so  that 
they  can  be  used  as  shortening. 

This  Wartime  Cookbook  is  being 
sold  for  fifty  cents,  and  the  proceeds 
will  be  used  to  give  the  Nutrition  Com¬ 
mittee  a  little  money  to  continue  the 
good  work  begun. 

What  Tompkins  County  did,  other 
counties  can  do.  It  takes  vision  on  the 
part  of  a  few  to  begin,  but  soon  the 
ball  is  rolling  by  itself.  The  general 
chairman  needs  a  chairman  for  each 
community  and  special  committees  to 
look  after  each  activity.  These  activi¬ 
ties  in  Tompkins  County  included  nu¬ 
trition  classes,  newspaper  publicity, 
radio  talks  and  skits;  demonstrations; 
lectures, , exhibits  and  posters;  physical 
fitness  and  recreation,  health  prepared¬ 
ness,  movies,  industrial  lunches;  milk 
and  dairies;  libraries  and  book  stores; 
restaurants;  market  gardens;  victory 
gardens;  schools;  children’s  lunches, 
camps  and  community  houses;  group 
feeding;  and  the  wartime  cookbook. 

The  week  is  over,  the  committees 
have  had  valuable  experience,  the  peo¬ 
ple  of  the  county  are  no  longer  afraid 
of  the  word  “Nutrition”,  and  best  of 
all,  through  neighbors  working  to¬ 


gether,  the  county  knows  its  own 
strength.  If  nothing  else  comes  out  of 
that  week,  this  knowledge  is  enough, 
but  it  is  hoped,  of  course,  that  a  great 
many  Tompkins  County  families  will 
permanently  change  their  food  habits 
as  a  result  of  Nutrition  Week,  even 
though  eating  habits  are  as  hard  to 
change  as  one’s  politics. 

It  takes  strength  of  character  to  stop 
eating  the  wrong  foods  until  you  have 
eaten  enough  of  the  right  ones  first, 
but  the  committee  believes  that  in 
Tompkins  County  men  and  women 
have  gained  the  conviction  needed  to 
give  them  the  will  to  do  just  that. 


WARTIME  COOKBOOK 

ECAUSE  WE  believe  that 
many  of  our  readers  would 
like  to  get  a  copy  of  the  Tomp¬ 
kins  County  Wartime  Cookbook 
described  on  this  page,  we  have 
arranged  to  fill  orders  for  it  as 
long  as  the  supply  lasts. 

The  recipes  are  particularly 
adapted  to  the  war  situation,  and 
besides  being  timely,  you’ll  find 
them  delicious,  for  each  is  a 
favorite  with  the  Tompkins  Coun¬ 
ty  family  who  contributed  it. 
The  book  has  a  red,  white,  and 
blue  cover,  and  would  make  an 
excellent  gift  if  you  want  to  or¬ 
der  two  of  them. 

To  get  a  copy  of  this  wartime 
cookbook,  write  for  it  to  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist ,  Home  Depart¬ 
ment,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  and  enclose 
50c  in  cash,  money  order,  or 
check.  Please  do  not  send 
stamps. 


American  Agriculturist,  September  12,  1942 


23  (  509) 


COOKS  CAN 
"lake.  9t" 


by  Grace  Watkins  Huckett 


WE  HOUSEWIVES  are  soldiers 
these  days,  and  our  weapons  of 
war  are  the  foods  we  prepare  for  our 
'  families.  Shortages  of  some  of  those 
foods  are  just  a  challenge  to  pull  out 
our  bag  of  tricks  and  achieve  miracles. 
So  far,  we’re  feeling  the  pinch  most 
with  meat  and  desserts. 

Because  meat  is  such  a  good  source 
of  protein  (needed  to  build  muscle  and 
good  resistance),  we’re  careful,  when 
we  cut  down  on  it,  to  provide  protein 
in  cheaper  form  by  serving  more 
cheese,  eggs,  milk  dishes,  and  the  old 
standbys,  peas,  beans  and  lentils.  We 
make  the  meat  we  do  have  go  further 
by  extending  its  flavor,  and  we  get 
expert  at  preparing  the  less  tender  and 
cheaper  cuts  of  meat  in  a  variety  of 
tasty  ways. 

As  for  sugar-saving  desserts,  as  long 
as  molasses,  honey,  corn  syrup  and 
maple  products  are  available,  we  can 
get  along  nicely,  thank  you! 

In  fact,  all  we  need  for  a  “full 
steam  ahead”  signal  are  suggestions 
and  recipes  like  the  following: 

Sugar-Saving  Desserts 

STEAMED  FRUIT  PUDDING 

2  cups  flour  4  teaspoons  butter 

2  teaspoons  baking  powder  I  cup  skim  milk 
1/2  teaspoon  cinnamon  'A  cup  molasses 

i/4  teaspoon  salt  'A  cup  mixed  dried  fruit 

and  nuts 

Mix  dry  ingredients  and  add  finely 
chopped  fruit  and  nuts.  Add  milk,  mo¬ 
lasses,  and  melted  butter.  Steam  2 
hours  in  greased  baking  powder  tins. 
Bake  in  oven  30  minutes.  Serve  hot 
with  sauce. 

Canned  fruit  thoroughly  drained 
might  be  substituted  for  the  dried  fruit. 

Fruit  Sauce 

Wz  tablespoons  cornstarch  llA  tablespoons  butter 
Vz  cup  corn  syrup  I  cup  fruit  juice 

Cubes  of  fruit 

Melt  butter,  add  cornstarch  and  cook 
together  fpr  one  minute.  Add  syrup 
and  fruit  juice  and  cook  5  minutes. 

This  sauce  is  a  good  one  for  utilizing- 
left-over  fruit  juice  and  odds  and  ends 
of  canned  fruit. 

HONEY  SPICE  CAKE 


1  cup  shortening 
!4  cup  sugar 

%  cup  honey 

2  eggs 

3  cups  pastry  flour 

4  teaspoons  baking  powdor 
Vz  teaspoon  soda 


until  silver  knife  inserted  in  center 
comes  out  clean.  Serve  warm,  and 
topped  with  whipped  cream. 

Meat  Ext  en  tiers 

AMERICAN  CHOP  SUEY 


1/2  package  macaroni  2  cups  tomatoes 

2  onions  salt 

i/g  lb.  Hamburg  steak  pepper 

Cook  macaroni  in  hot  boiling  water 

20  minutes.  While  cooking,  brown 
sliced  onions  and  chopped  meat  in  but¬ 
ter  or  meat  drippings.  Drain  mac¬ 
aroni,  add  tomatoes,  season  with  salt 
and  pepper.  Then  add  meat  and 
onions.  Bake  slowly  y2  to  one  hour. 
Cover  toward  end  of  baking.  Serve 
hot.  Serves  6. 

HEN  DINNER 

I  fat  hen  I  small  can  pimientoes 

I  can  peas  (No.  2  size)  3  cups  buttered  bread 

1/2  lb.  spaghetti  crumbs 

6  hard-cooked  eggs 

Cook  chicken  till  tender.  Tear  meat 
from  bones  and  chop  into  bits.  Thick 
en  broth.  Return  chicken  to  broth  and 
add  peas  and  cooked  spaghetti.  Cook 
for  five  minutes,  then  put  mixture  into 
buttered  baking  pan,  alternating  lay¬ 
ers  of  bread  crumbs  and  mixture.  Top 
with  buttered  crumbs,  sliced  eggs  and 
mixed  pimientoes.  Brown  in  oven  and 
serve  hot  or  cold  as  desired. 

An  onion  and  celery  tops  boiled  with 
the  chicken  add  to  the  flavor. 

Meat  Substitutes 

CHEESE  SOUFFLE 


Vz  teaspoon  salt 
IVz  teaspoons  cinnamon 
Vz  teaspoon  cloves 
Vz  teaspoon  nutmeg 
I  cup  sour  milk 
I  teaspoon  vanilla 
Vz  cup  nut  meats 


14  cup  butter 
Vz  cup  flour 
I  teaspoon  mustard 
Vz  teaspoon  salt 


Cream  shortening  and  add  the  sugar. 
Beat  in  the  honey.  Beat  yolks  of  eggs 
and  add.  Sift  dry  ingredients,  reserv¬ 
ing  y2  cup  of  flour  to  mix  with  nuts. 
Add  floured  nuts  to  yolk  mixture;  add 
sifted  dry  ingredients  alternately  with 
sour  milk  and  vanilla.  Fold  in  the 
beaten  whites.  Bake  in  a  well  greased 
loaf  pan  in  a  moderate  oven  (350°  F) 
for  45  to  50  minutes. 

PUMPKIN  PIE 

2  cups  steamed  and  strained  I  teaspoon  cinnamon 
pumpkin  (canned  pumpkin  I  teaspoon  ginger 
may  be  used)  Vz  teaspoon  salt 

y*  cup  molasses  or  syrup  I  egg 

I  cup  milk 

Use  your  own  home-made  lard,  or 
half  lard  and  half  butter  to  make  pas¬ 
try  by  your  favorite  recipe.  Bake 
large  pastry  shell  in  hot  oven  (425° 
P)  about  10  minutes.  Mix  together 
above  ingredients  in  the  order  given, 
adding  the  milk  gradually  to  keep  mix¬ 
ture  smooth.  Pour  into  partially  bak¬ 
ed  pastry  shell  and  sprinkle  top  of  pie 
with  a  little  sugar,  cinnamon  and  dots 
of  butter.  Bake  in  moderate  oven 
(350°  F.)  for  one  hour  and  a  half,  or 


Speck  cayenne  pepper 
I  cup  milk 

I  cup  or  3  ounces  grated 
strong  cheese 

5  eggs 

Melt  butter,  stir  into  it  flour  and 
seasonings.  Cook  directly  over  the 
flame  for  several  minutes,  stirring  corn 
stantly,  taking  care  not  to  brown  the 
flour.  Remove  from  the  heat.  Add 
the  cold  milk  all  at  once,  stirring  until 
smooth.  Return  to  the  heat  and  bring 
to  active  boil,  stirring  constantly.  Add 
cheese  and  remove  the  mixture  from  the 
heat.  Add  egg  yolk,  beating  until  lemon 
colored.  #  Cool  the  mixture.  Fold  in  the 
egg  whites,  beating  until  stiff  but  not 
dry.  Pour  the  mixture  into  a  buttered 
baking  dish  and  set  the  dish  in  a  pan 
of  water.  Bake  the  mixture  in  a  mod¬ 
erately  slow  oven  (325°  F.)  for  about 
40  minutes.  Serve  at  once.  Six  serv¬ 
ings. 

CHEESE  AND  EGG  SHORTPIE 


8  slices  toast 
6  hard -cooked  eggs 


2  cups  cheese  sauce 
Paisley  for  garnishing 


Allow  two  slices  toast  for  each  serv¬ 
ing.  Place  1  slice  on  plate,  cover  with 
sliced  eggs.  Reserve  1  egg  for  garnish. 
Pour  cheese  sauce  over  egg.  Cover 
with  second  slice  of  toast,  and  sliced 
eggs.  Pour  remaining  cheese  sauce 
over.  Garnish  each  “pie”  with  sliced 
egg,  dash  of  paprika  and  parsley  or 
watercress. 

Cheese  Sauce 


3  tablespoons  butter 
3  tablespoons  flour 


2  cups  milk 
1 A  pound  cheese 


Salt  and  pepper 

Melt  butter  in  saucepan,  add  flour, 
stirring  until  smooth.  Add  milk  gradu¬ 
ally,  stirring  constantly.  When  thick¬ 
ened  add  cheese  and  seasonings.  When 
cheese  is  melted,  serve  over  toast  and 
eggs. 

Cheese  sauce  may  also  be  made  by 
melting  cheese  in  top  of  double  boiler 
and  adding  enough  milk  to  bring  to 
good  consistency. 


Pillsbury’s  "FAVORITE”  BREAD 

>  •  •  the  loveliest  loaves  you’ve  ever  baked— thanks  to 

that  dependable  all-purpose  flour,  Pillsbury’s  Best! 


PILLSBURY’S  FRESH-YEAST  RECIPE 

makes  6  big  loaves 

( Your  family  will  say  this  is  the  best-tasting,  loveliest-looking  bread  they  ever  saw  ) 


Temperature:  400°  F. 

•  4  cups  scalded  milk 

•  Yl  cup  sugar 

•  3  tablespoons  salt 

•  6  tablespoons  lard 


Time:  about  45  to  50  minutes 

•  2  cakes  compressed  yeast  or 
2  packages  granular  yeast 

•  4  cups  lukewarm  water 

•  6  quarts  (6  lbs.)  sifted 
Pillsbury’s  Best  Enriched  Flour 


(The  enrichment  of  Pillsbury’s  Best  with  two  B-vitamins  and  iron 
has  not  changed  its  creamy-white  color,  its  mellow  wheaty  flavor, 
or  the  perfect  way  it  works  in  all  your  recipes.) 

1.  Combine  scalded  milk,  sugar,  salt,  and  lard; 
stir  till  dissolved  and  lukewarm.  2.  Soften 
yeast  in  Yl  c.  warm  water.  Add  yeast  and  re¬ 
maining  warm  water  to  cooled  milk  mixture. 

3.  Sift  flour  once,  then  measure.  Add  Yz  to 


yeast  mixture;  beat  well.  Add  rest  of  flour; 
blend  well.  4.  Knead  on  floured  board  about 
10  min.  5.  Place  in  greased  bowl,  cover;  set  to 
rise  in  warm  place  (80°  to  85°  F.)  about  2 
hrs.  (till  impression  of  finger  stays  in  dough). 


It’s  good  to  know  that  the  flour  which  gives  you  such  wonderful  bread  will  also,  out 
of  the  same  bag,  give  you  delicate,  perfectly  delicious  cakes,  biscuits,  cookies,  and  pastry. 

For  Pillsbury’s  Best  is  a  truly  all-purpose  flour.  And  it’s  truly  dependable,  too;  for  it’s 
BAKE-PROVED  before  you  even  see  it— pre-tested  by  actual  baking  tests  made  4  to  6 
times  a  day  during  milling!  Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  your  money  back! 

8.  Place  in  greased  9  x  5  x  3 -in.  loaf  pans; 
cover;  keep  in  warm  place  till  dough  fills  pan 
and  center  rises  above  top  (about  2  hrs.).  Bake 
in  hot  oven. 


6.  Punch  gas  from  dough;  cover;  let  rise  again 
for  about  Yz  hour.  7.  Put  on  floured  board; 
t.  C 


flatten  out.  Cut  and  mold  into  6  balls;  let  rest 
(closely  covered)  for  15  min.  Shape  into  loaves. 

When  it’s  cool,  store  it— but  first,  slice  a  loaf.  See— and  taste— the  finest  bread  you’ve 
ever  baked— Pillsbury’s  "Favorite”  Bread!  Your  grocer  has  Pillsbury’s  Best— for  perfect 
results  in  all  your  baking,  get  a  bag  today! 


■ib-JL 


mmz 


Beautiful  “Priscilla”  sewing  cabinet  .  .  . 

A  wonderfully  handy,  walnut-finished  wood  sew¬ 
ing  cabinet,  10  inches  long,  8  Y\  inches  wide,  10 
inches  high,  with  convenient  spool  tray.  It’s  only 
one  of  the  wonderful  bargains  you  can  get  with 
Pillsbury  Thrift  Stars,  which  come  with  Pillsbury’s 
Best  and  other  Pillsbury  products.  Look  for  details 
of  offer  on  recipe  folder  in  your  Pillsbury’s  Best 
bag— or  write  Pillsbury  Flour  Mills,  Dept.  S-38, 
Minneapolis,  for  new  free  premium  catalog. 

BAKE-PROVED  — to  protect  your  baking 


imiB 

W  1  T  H  T  W  1 

)  B-VITAMINS  AN! 

)  1  RON 

(510)  24 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  September  12.  1942 


AM 


B. 

SKEFFinGTOn 


JKEfFJ 
nOTEBOOK 


AGRICULTURE  in  the  Northeast 
should  resist  rigid  national  farm 
programs  that  do  not  fit  their  condi¬ 
tions,  H.  E.  Babcock,  president  of  the 
National  Council  of  Farmer  Coopera¬ 
tives,  told  the  second  annual  Northeast 
Farm  Bureau  Training  School  in  New 
York  City. 

Babcock  pointed  out  that  for  the 
past  10  years  “we  have  been  dominat¬ 
ed  by  national  programs  and  orders 
formulated  by  people  who  could  not 
make  their  own  living  on  the  farms.” 
He  said  that  northeastern  agriculture 
was  built  around  the  family-operated 
farm,  “the  most  efficient  food-produc¬ 
ing  unit  in  the  world.  We  have  no 
problem  of  landlordism,  as  most  farm¬ 
ers  own  the  farms  they  operate.  We 
have  no  problem  of  absentee  ownership 
by  corporations.” 

As  a  program  for  the  Northeast, 
Babcock  suggested: 

First,  Northeastern  farmers  should 
refuse  to  comply  with  rigid  national 
programs  unless  they  fit  northeastern 
conditions. 

Second,  Northeastern  farmers  should 
begin  an  immediate  fight  to  restore 
control  of  their  affairs  to  the  county 
level. 

Third,  Take  advantage  of  changing 
conditions  to  restore  economic  control 
of  the  rural  community  by  decentrali¬ 
zation. 

Fourth,  Accept  farm  organizations 
and  institutions  for  what  they  are — a 
means  to  an  end,  rather  than  the  end 
themselves. 

Fifth,  Have  as  much  courage  to 
liquidate  an  organization  that  does  not 
fill  the  bill  as  to  build  one  that  serves 
well. 

Sixth,  Sacrifice  to  win  the  war.  Have 
courage  to  sacrifice  on  things  that 
count,  rather  than  on  cockeyed  ideas 
and  wasted  effort. 

Sees  Wasted  Effort 
Babcock  pointed  out  that  formerly 
farmers  solved  their  problems  by  com¬ 
munity  and  county  effort,  but  that  too 
many  national  programs  now  were  be¬ 
ing  emphasized,  regardless  of  whether 
or  not  they  fitted  local  conditions. 

He  illustrated  this  point  by  showing 
an  enlarged  photograph  of  the  office 
directory  board  on  either  side  of  the 
•  entrance  to  a  Central  New  York  court 
house.  Listed  were  thirteen  Federal 
agencies  designed  to  help  solve  the 
troubles  of  agriculture. 

Babcock  used  the  illustration  to  show 
how  various  agencies  had  moved  in  to 
take  charge  of  farmers’  affairs.  “Un¬ 
less  we  are  ready  and  willing  to  do 
more  about  taking  charge  of  our  own 
affairs,  the  family-operated  farm  is  on 
the  way  out”,  he  said.  “As  it  stands 
now,  the  federal  government  has  mov¬ 
ed  into  the  local  court  house  and  the 
various  agencies  get  the  tip-off  from 
Washington.  We  may  have  local  com¬ 
mittees,  but  policies  are  made  in  Wash¬ 
ington,  based  on  conditions  in  the 
whole  country.  Agriculture  is  suffer¬ 
ing  from  too  many  instutitions  and 
agencies.  It  is  time  we  resume  con¬ 
trol  within  the  county.” 

Says  Wickard  “Weakened” 
Edward  A.  O’Neal,  president  of  the 
American  Farm  Bureau  Federation, 
reviewed  that  organization’s  fight  to 


maintain  price  ceilings  at  110  per  cent 
of  parity.  He  said  that  last  fall  the 
President  told  him,  in  the  presence  of 
Secretary  Wickard,  that  110  per  cent 
of  parity  ceilings  were  necessary  for 
agriculture.  “Leon  Henderson  agreed, 
but  later  repudiated  it”,  O’Neal  said. 
“Later  Secretary  Wickard  weakened. 
We  are  not  unduly  critical  of  Wick¬ 
ard,  because  we  understand  the  enor¬ 
mous  pressure.” 

O’Neal  said  that  when  Congress 
passed  the  price-fixing  law  without 
wage  controls,  he  predicted  it  would 
not  work  satisfactorily.  “Wages  are 
responsible  for  70  per  cent  of  the  cost 
of  living”,  he  continued.  “It  is  utterly 
ridiculous  to  say  that  the  farmer  is 
getting  too  much.  Labor  should  be 
willing  to  accept  responsibilities  if  it 
is  to  have  privileges.” 

O’Neal  said  he  was  “shocked”  when 
Secretary  Wickard  said  he  could  put 
ceilings  on  livestock  prices.  “We  do 
not  put  ceilings  on  bombers  because 
we  want  to  encourage  production”,  he 
said.  “Yet  if  we  are  going  to  put  ceil¬ 
ings  on  farm  products,  we  are  going 
to  encourage  a  shortage  of  essential 
food.”  Labor  has  six  representatives 
cn  the  War  Manpower  Commission, 
O’Neal  said,  and  agriculture  has 
NONE.  “We  were  recognized  finally 
and  given  an  advisory  commission,  but 
the  whole  trend  has  been  to  concen¬ 
trate  more  and  more  power  m  Wash¬ 
ington.” 

Oppose  Price  Subsidies 

At  the  conclusion  of  its  three-day 
meeting,  the  Farm  Bureau  Conference 
unanimously  adopted  a  resolution  di¬ 
recting  that  a  telegram  be  sent  to  the 
President  opposing  subsidies  as  a  sub¬ 
stitute  for  fair  price  levels.  It  was 
pointed  out  that  what  agriculture 
wants  is  a  “fair  parity.” 

Herbert  W.  Voorhees  of  Hopewell, 
N.  J.,  president  of  the  New  Jersey 
Farm  Bureau  Federation  and  chair¬ 
man  of  the  conference,  summed  up: 
“Farm  prices  are  about  50  per  cent 
higher  than  during  the  base  period  of 
1910-14.  Farm  wages  are  about  100 
per  cent  higher  than  during  the  same 
period.  Yet  farm  wages  are  not  in¬ 
cluded  when  figuring  parity.  Wages 


of  industrial  workers 

are 

more 

than 

New  York  Milk  Price  With 

Comparisons 

MILK,  Grade  B,  3.7%.  1942 

201-210  mile  zone:  July 

1941 

July 

1910-14 

July 

1942 

June 

Dairymen’s  League, 
per  cwt.  *  -  -  $  2.51 

Sheffield  Farms, 

per  cwt.  _  2.61 

Average,  per  cwt.  _  2.56 

Index,  1910-14=1 00t _ 170 

$  2.32 

2.37 

2.345 

156 

$  1.25 

1.28 

1.26 

100 

$  2.30 

2.39 

2.345 

174 

40  basic  comm',f|  <  - 

Index,  1910-14=  100 _ 154. 4f 

140.0 

100 

1 52. 8t 

BUTTER: 

New  York,  92  score..  38.2c 
Index,  1910- 14=  100 _ 141 

34.8c 

129 

27c 

100 

36.8c 

136 

DAIRY  RATION  AT  UTICA: 

Wholesale  price  per  ton  $39.50 
Index,  1910-14=100...  138 

$32.76 

115 

$28.29 

100 

$39.02| 

138 

Pounds  feed  equal  in 
price  to  100  lbs.  milk  130 

143.2 

89 

120 

Farm  products  other  than 
milk,  New  York  State 

Index,  1910-14=100...  144 

116 

100 

136 

*  Net  pool  return  without  special  location  or  upstate 
city  differentials. 

1  Adjusted  for  change  in  seasonal  variation  of  price, 
t  Preliminary. 

— LELAND  SPENCER. 
Department  of  Agricultural  Economics, 
New  York  State  College  of  Agriculture. 

CLADAKIS  JOINS 
AIR  FORCE 

Just  as  we  go  to  press  we  hear 
that  N.  J.  Cladakis,  Milk  Adminis¬ 
trator  for  the  3IetropoIitan  area, 
plans  to  obtain  a  leave  of  absence 
to  become  a  captain  in  the  U.  S. 

Air  Corps. 

Rumored  as  possible  successors 
to  his  post  are  Samuel  Tator,  now 
Milk  Administrator  for  the  Boston 
area,  or  Edward  Mather  of  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C. 

1 - - 

200  per  cent  higher  than  in  the  base 
period.” 

It  was  agreed  that  if  farmers  are  to 
produce  food  in  the  quantities  needed, 
they  must  have  a  “fair  parity  that 
reflects  all  important  costs  of  produc- 
;ion.” 

Rails  Do  Their  Job 

Illustrating  how  the  railroads  are 
joping  with  wartime  tasks,  Edward  J. 
Leenhouts,  general  agricultural  agent 
of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  said 
a  normal  before-the-war  daily  haulage 
of  15,000  barrels  of  oil  had  been  step¬ 
ped  up  to  800,000. 

“Before  the  end  of  the  year  we  hope 
to  make  it  a  million  barrels  a  day”, 
he  said.  “I  think  we  can  say  that  the 
railroads  have  done  their  transporta¬ 
tion  job  successfully  so  far.”  This  in¬ 
volves,  he  said,  hauling  approximately 
five  tons  of  raw  materials  for  every 
ton  of  finished  product. 

Leenhouts  saw  little  hope  of  avoid¬ 
ing  a  transportation  shortage  in  1943 
unless  material  could  be  allowed  for 
railroad  equipment. 


— a.  a. — 

MILK  NEWS 


year,  so  peach  growers  will  have  to 
rely  either  on  the  old  method  of  hand 
grubbing,  or  the  use  of  P.  D.  B.  (Para- 
dichlorobenzene)  which  at  one  time 
was  the  common  chemical  for  treating 
this  pest.  Treatment  for  peach  tree 
borers  should  be  done  right  away. 

— a.  a. — 

MORE  PIGS 

New  York  farmers  are  raising  about 
23%  more  pigs  than  they  did  a  year 
ago,  a  large  part  of  them  for  home 
consumption.  The  estimated  number 
raised  rthis  year  is  198,000;  last  year, 
161,000.  Farmers  in  the  Empire  State 
have  indicated  that  they  expect  to  have 
27,000  sows  farrowing  this  Fall  com¬ 
pared  to  22,000  a  year  ago. 

For  the  entire  country,  the  total  of 
the  1942  pig  crop  is  expected  to  be 
105,500,000,  the  first  time  in  history 
the  number  has  exceeded  100,000,000. 


WGY  Farm 
PROGRAMS 


Daily  except  Sunday,  12:31  p.  m.,  N.  Y. 
State  Wholesale  Produce  Markets. 

Daily  exc.  Sat.  and  Sun.,  6:15  p.  m.,  If. 
Y.  City  Wholesale  Produce  Market. 

Monday  only,  12:34  p.  m..  Metropolitan 
Milk  Market  Report. 

This  schedule  subject  to  change  without 
notice. 

Monday,  September  14th 
12:35— “The  Pitfalls  of  Fall  Tree  Plant¬ 
ing”,  Harry  S.  Mosebrook  and  Prof.  F.  E. 
Carlson. 

.12:45 — Parents  on  Trial,  “Homework 
for  Father”,  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Hartley. 

Tuesday,  September  15th 
12:35 — “Conservation  in  the  Cellar”,  H. 
Platenius. 

12 :45 — Homemaker’s  Council,  “Go  Slow 
— Women  at  Work.” 


The  estimate  for  the  August  uniform 
price  for  milk  for  the  metropolitan 
area  is  $2.73.  It  is  estimated  that  the 
price  for  September  milk  may  reach 
$2.90,  and  for  October,  $3.00.  A  year 
ago  the  uniform  price  for  August  was 
$2.48,  in  September  it  was  $2.54,  Oc¬ 
tober,  $2.75. 

Dealers  are  getting  squeezed  by  in¬ 
creases  in  class  I  prices,  and  price  ceil¬ 
ings  on  milk  which  prevent  passing  the 
increase  along  to  consumers.  At  pres¬ 
ent  New  York  City  consumers  are  pay¬ 
ing  17c  for  milk  delivered  on  the  door¬ 
step,  and  12c  for  milk  in  bottles  in 
stores.  Dealers  will  appeal  to  the  OPA 
for  relief  from  their  troubles  caused  by 
price  ceilings. 

Consumption  in  the  metropolitan 
areas  has  been  increasing  and  this 
trend  is  expected  to  continue. 

At  a  recent  meeting  at  Utica,  the 
Dairy  Farmers  Union  was  voted  out 
of  existence.  Delegates  ratified  action 
taken  by  the  General  Organization 
Committee  last  February  to  unite  the 
organization  with  District  50  of  the 
United  Mine  Workers.  At  a  talk  given 
at  the  Northeastern  Poultry  Producers’ 
Council,  Herbert  Voorhees  of  New  Jer¬ 
sey,  president  of  Free  Farmers,  Inc., 
predicted  that  John  L.  Lewis  is  ready 
to  launch  a  gigantic  organization  drive 
among  farm  workers  in  dairy  states. 

— a.  a.  — 

EGG-FEED  RATIO 

For  the  last  week  in  August,  the 
Feed-Egg  Ratio  was  5.7,  meaning  it 
took  5.7  dozen  to  buy  100  pounds  of 
feed.  A  month  ago,  the  figure  was 
6.3;  a  year  ago,  6.8.  In  New  York 
City,  the  top  wholesale  price  for  white 
eggs  the  last  week  in  August  was 
42.4c.  A  year  ago  it  was  37c. 


— a.  a. — 

KILL  BORERS  NOW  . 

In  recent  years,  a  chemical  called 
Ethylenedichloride  Emulsion,  (E.D.E.) 
has  been  used  by  peach  growers  to  con¬ 
trol  borers. 

This  chemical  is  not  obtainable  this 


Wednesday,  September  16th 
12:35 — Farm.  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“The  Scoop  Shovel  Blues”,  Ed  W. 
Mitchell. 

12:45 — Countryside  Talk,  Bristow 
Adams. 

Thursday,  September  17th 
12:35— “A  Test  for  Farm  Folks”,  E.  K 
Hanks. 

12  :45 — Van  Aernam’s  Scrapbook. 

Friday,  September  18th 
12 :35 — FS. 

12:45— “Ways  to  Meet  Hauling  Prob¬ 
lems”,  Lester  J.  Door. 

8:30 — WGY  Farm  Forum. 

Saturday,  September  19th 
12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “4-H’ers 
Improve  Their  Health”,  Windsor  County 
(Vt.)  4-H  Clubs. 

12:45 — A  Primer  of  Good  Government, 
“The  Inspector  of  Elections”,  Albany 
Pomona  Grange. 

Monday,  September  21st 

12  :35 — Dramette,  FS. 

12:45 — “Rural  Education  in  the  News”, 
Francis  E.  Griffin. 

Tuesday,  September  22nd 
12:35— “Will  It  Be  a  Wet  Winter  in  the 
Poultryhouse?”  L.  M.  Hurd. 

12:45 — Homemaker’s  Council,  “Twenty- 
four  Hours  for  What?” 

Wednesday,  September  23rd 
12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“Never  a  Dull  Moment  for  Farm  Tools”, 
Ed  W.  Mitchell. 

12 :45— Countryside  Talk,  “History  of 
the  Holstein  Breed”,  Arthur  Pound. 

Thursday,  September  24th 
12:35 — “A  Suitable  Environment  for  ths 
Potato  Crop”,  S.  H.  Fogg. 

12:45 — Van  Aernam’s  Scrapbook. 

Friday,  September  25th 
12  :35 — AAA-S'CS. 

12:45 — “Farm  Produce  Prices  and  Why”, 
H.  D.  Phillips. 

8:30— WGY  Farm  Forum. 

Saturday,  September  26th 
12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “Fun  Right 
in  Your  Own  Neighborhood”,  Fulton  Co. 
(N.  Y.)  4-H  Clubs. 

12 :45 — A  Primer  of  Good  Government, 
“The  Welfare  Officer”,  Herkimer  Pomona 
Grange. 


For 

Victory 


Buy 
United 
States 
War  Bonds 
and  Stamps 


American  Agriculturist,  September  12,  1942 

Hi  ‘  |  $  2  .  ’  _ 

Potato  Growers  Discuss 
Selling  at  Cohocton 


A  GOOD  percentage  of  New  York’s 
potato  growers  have  realized  for 
many  years  that  something  besides  the 
weather,  insects  and  disease  would 
have  to  be  brought  under  control  be¬ 
fore  they  could  sit  back  and  really  en¬ 
joy  life.  That  other  “something”  is 
the  marketing  situation,  and  unlike  the 
weather,  something  can  and  is  being 
done  about  it. 

The  solution  may  lie  in  a  proposal 
made  at  the  Steuben  County  Farm 
Bureau  Potato  Field  Day  at  Cohocton, 
Thursday  (Aug.  20),  for  a  Cooperative 
New  York  State  Potato  Growers’  As¬ 
sociation  or  in  some  similar  organiza¬ 
tion  of,  by  and  for  the  grower.  A 
group  of  leading  producers  had  pow¬ 
wowed  on  the  subject  half  the  night 
before  in  the  HoteL  Wagner  at  Bath. 
At  the  meeting  were  Bill  Hodnett  of 
Fillmore,  president  of  the  Empire 
(State  Potato  Club;  Gilbert  Prole  of 


From  left  to  right,  Porter  Taylor,  General  Manager  of 
the  Cooperative  Fruit  and  Vegetable  Association;  Gil¬ 
bert  Prole,  Batavia;  and  Roy  Porter,  Elba,  inspect 
samples  of  the  new  crop. 


they  can  get,  while  apples  and  oranges, 
thanks  to  a  concerted  grower  pro¬ 
gram,  are  displayed  all  over  the  place. 
At  the  present  time  many  shippers 
maintain  several  different'  brands  to 
identify  the  grade  of  their  product  to 
the  wholesale  trade  familiar  with  such 
brands.  But  there  is  rarely  sufficient 
volume  of  a  single  brand  available  on 
the  market  to  permit  building  up  con¬ 
sumer  demand  for  such  a  brand 
through  advertising.” 

Porter  said  the  Association  would 
be  patterned  after  the  Apple  Institute 
which  has  proven  its  value.  Its  work 
would  be  entirely  of  a  promotional  and 
service  nature  and  the  cost  of,  operat¬ 
ing  for  a  year  would  be  the  equivalent 
of  a  cent  a  bushel  on  six  to  ten  per 
cent  of  the  state’s  output,  or  from 
ten  to  twenty  thousand  dollars.  A 
successful  organization  of  this  sort 
would  be  well  worth  the  investment 
of  that  much  to  protect 
the  state’s  $25,000,000 
potato  industry.  It  was 
stressed,  however,  that 
to  be  successful  the  or¬ 
ganization  would  have 
to  have  not  only  the  co¬ 
operation  of  a  large  per¬ 
centage  of  the  produc¬ 
ers,  big  and  small,  but 
that  they  would  have  to 
take  an  active  part  in 
putting  the  program 
over.  That  it  does  not 
actually  sell  anything  it¬ 
self  but  instead  “weather 
vanes”  the  market  and 
creates  consumer  de¬ 
mand  has  been  the  main¬ 
stay  of  the  Apple  Insti¬ 
tute. 


els  per  acre  a  day  during  the  final 
growing  period.  Tests  also  showed,  he 
said,  that  fully  matured  potatoes,  care¬ 
fully  dug,  have  a  shrinkage  loss  of  only 
three  per  cent  as  compared  to  eleven 
per  cent  in  immature  potatoes.  For 
greater  care  of  the  crop  he  also  ad¬ 
vised  use  of  a  canvas  at  the  foot  of 
diggers  to  protect  the  tubers  from 
stone  bruises  received  in  digging. 
Bruises  develop  into  rot  during  storage. 

Dr.  M.  F.  Barrus  discussed  mixing 
Bordeaux  mixture  and  Dr.  R.  W.  Leiby, 
third  member  of  Cornell’s  staff  to  at¬ 
tend  the  meeting,  conducted  demon¬ 
strations  on  insect  and  disease  control. 

The  field  day,  planned  as  a  substi- 


25  (511) 

tute  for  the  annual  potato  tour  as  a 
gasoline  and  tire  conservation  meas¬ 
ure,  showed  that  the  growers  need  such 
a  pre-harvest  get-together  and  prob¬ 
ably  will  become  an  annual  event  for 
the  duration. 

—  A.  A.— 

WEATHER  HITS  ONIONS 

Since  the  August  crop  estimate  was 
released,  we  hear  rumors  that  unfav¬ 
orable  weather  has  hurt  the  onion  crop 
considerably.  Heavy  rains  in  Orange 
County,  New  York,  flooded  a  big  area, 
and  reports  from  other  areas  state 
that  the  crop  is  going  backward  rather 
than  improving. 


Batavia,  former  president  of  the  Bean 
Growers’  Association;  David  Mote  and 
Mr.  Shoemaker  of  Gainsville;  H.  J. 
Evans  of  Georgetown;  William  Ghent 
and  J.  A.  Otto  of  Atlanta;  Max  Torrey 
of  Olean;  Bill  Stempfle,  Steuben’s  Farm 
Bureau  manager,  and  Roy  Porter,  Elba 
grower  and  former  president  of  the 
Empire  State  Potato  Club. 

Porter,  Stempfle  and  a  few  others 
have  been  urging  improved  marketing 
machinery  for  some  time  and  the  for¬ 
mer  was  given  the  go-ahead  signal  for 
the  next  day.  The  purpose  of  a  New 
York  State  Potato  Growers’  Associa,- 
tion  as  they  saw  it  would  be  to  stimu¬ 
late  consumer  demand  for  standardiz¬ 
ed,  high  grade  tubers  sold  under  a 
recognized  brand;  to  educate  store¬ 
keepers  and  dealers  to  display  and  fea¬ 
ture  New  York  State  potatoes;  and  to 
promote  among  growers  the  production 
of  potatoes  for  this  market,  as  well  as 
supplying  crop  and  market  informa¬ 
tion. 

Potato  growers  of  a  dozen  counties 
were  present  when  Porter  made  the 
proposal  at  the  field  day,  and  what’s 
more,  they  showed  a  decided  interest 
Even  the  so-called  “dirt  farmers”,  rug* 
ged  individualists  who  not  too  long  ago 
might  have  been  skeptical,  pricked  up 
their  ears. 

Porter  didn’t  pull  any  punches.  “It’s 
absolutely  silly  the  way  we  potato 
growers  have  allowed  ourselves  to  be 
pushed  around  the  markets  just  be¬ 
cause  we  wouldn’t  admit  that  there  is 
more  to  this  business  than  just  plant¬ 
ing,  digging  and  bagging  them”,  he 
declared.  “There  isn’t  a  soul  who  cares 
if  potatoes  are  marked-up  unneces¬ 
sarily,  or  if  there  is  discrimination 
against  a  certain  section,  unless  it’s 
the  grower  himself.  It  is  generally 
believed  that  potatoes  are  fattening 
and  few  people  realize  what  a  vital 
part  of  a  well  balanced  diet  they  are. 
Storekeepers  stick  their  potatoes  away 
back  of  the  counter  and  sell  anything 


The  need  for  coordinated  marketing 
machinery  was  further  stressed  by 
Porter  Taylor,  general  manager  of  the 
Cooperative  Fruit  and  Vegetable  As¬ 
sociation.  He  warned  growers  at  the 
field  day  that  increased  and  improved 
production  was  in  danger  of  overbal¬ 
ancing  consumption  and  undermining 
the  entire  industry.  While  much  of  the 
risk  has  been  removed  from  growing, 
the  marketing  system  has  been  allow¬ 
ed  to  remain  archaic,  he  declared, 
charging  that  present  distribution  in¬ 
terests  have  been  so  concerned  with 
volume  and  price  that  they  have  failed 
to  recognize  the  fact  that  today’s  con¬ 
sumer  is  a  vitamin  conscious  customer 
ready  to  pay  a  good  price  for  good 
potatoes. 

With  truck  production  cut  from 
750,000  to  75,000  this  year  and  these 
to  last  for  the  duration,  Taylor  said 
that  growers  will  have  to  turn  more 
and  more  to  the  railroads  which  are 
already  overcrowded.  War  necessities 
have  already  cut  into  commercial  can¬ 
ning  and  it  is  the  job  of  producers  to 
supply  markets  with  fresh  produce. 
The  problem  is  to  see  what  can  be 
done  about  quick  over-night  delivery 
such  as  milk  enjoys  and  to  produce  the 
quality  that  the  Eastern  markets  de¬ 
mand. 

’’Now  that  we  have  gone  such  a  long 
way  in  solving  the  problems  of  pro¬ 
duction  we  must  concentrate  our  every 
effort  in  satisfying  our  home  markets. 
The  key  to  the  entire  problem  for  con¬ 
sumer  and  producer  is  the  development 
of  standardized  and  branded  packages 
of  uniform,  superior  potatoes,  available 
on  the  market  the  year  around.” 

On  the  technical  side  of  the  field 
day  program,  growers  were  advised  by 
Dr.  E.  V.  Hardenburg  of  the  Cornell 
College  of  Agriculture  against  digging 
immature  potatoes.  On  the  basis  of 
experiments  conducted  at  the  College 
he  said  that  it  had  been  proved  that 
the  yield  increases  as  much  as  10  bush- 


"Because  that's  the  surest  way  to  save 
time,  labor,  and  money.  The  big  crops 
being  grown  today  can  only  be  worked 
and  harvested  properly  with  dependable 
equipment.  For  three  generations  our 
family  has  used  Frick  Machinery:  we  still 
swear  by  it." 

The  Frick  Line  includes  tractors,  thresh¬ 
ers,  combines,  peanut  pickers,  saw  mills, 
balers,  silo  fillers,  feed  mills,  manure 
spreaders,  implements  and  supplies.  Keep 
in  touch  with  your  Frick  Branch  or  Dealer. 

Branches  at  Canandaigua,  N.  Y., 
Williamsport  and  Easton,  Penna. 

FRICK  CO.,  Waynesboro,  Penna. 


Farm  Machinery" 


WHCU’s  part 
in  the 

Victory  Harvest 


To  bring  to  the  families  of  New 
York  and  Northern  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  the  latest  and  most  au¬ 
thentic  agricultural  information. 

PLUS 

the  best  in  radio  entertainment. 


Every  weekday  WHGU  presents  timely  agricultural 
information  prepared  and  given  by  agricultural  ex¬ 
perts.  Thousands  of  letters  from  thirty-eight  counties 
attest  to  your  interest  in  these  programs,  and  WHGU 
will  continue  to  do  its  part  in  each  Victory  Harvest 
....  attempting  to  be  of  service  to  the  family  garden¬ 
er  and  the  largest  landowner. 


W 


u 


Outstanding  Agricultural  Station  of  the  East. 
ITHACA,  N.  Y.  C.B.S.  870  on  the  Dial 


(512)  26 


American  Agriculturist.  September  12,  1942 


Kernels,  Screenings 
cutd  Cliaff 


By  H.  E.  BABCOCK 


FEEDEB  CALVES  ARRIVE 

I  AM  WRITING  this  on  the  last  day 
of  August.  This  morning  at  day¬ 
light  Hank  and  I  unloaded  the  first 
of  three  carloads  of  feeder  calves 
I  have  on  order. 

For  some  time  I  have  been  trying  to 
locate  an  area  which  was  willing  to 
ship  out  calves  earlier  than  the  cattle 
raisei's  in  the  range  country  are  will¬ 
ing  to  ship  them.  I  felt  that  if  calves 
could  be  shipped  while  the  weather  was 
still  warm  I  would  run  less  risk  with 
sickness,  and  also  I  have  wanted  to 
get  them  on  hand  to  utilize  fall  pas¬ 
tures  and  the  afterfeed  in  our  meadows. 

While  it  is  too  soon  to  be  sure,  the 
calves  in  the  car  which  we  unloaded 
this  morning — they  came  from  South 
Texas  and  were  six  days  on  the  road — 
appear  to  have  shrunk  less  than  any 
calves  we  have  had  shipped  in  before. 
There  are  a  few  watery  eyes  and  run¬ 
ning  noses  among  them  but  as  yet  no 
evidence  of  any  serious  colds  or  sick¬ 
ness. 

We  did  not  dare  put  them  out  on  the 
lush  pasture  we  have  this  fall  but  have 
them  in  the  basement  of  one  of  our 
pasture  barns  which  is  supplied  with 
running  water.  We  have  fed  them  all 
the  hay  they  wanted  and  given  them 
access  to  loose  salt.  When  I  went  up  to 
see  them  an  hour  ago,  all  but  two  or 
three  were  lying  down,  some  of  them 
so  sound  asleep  that  they  did  not  sense 
it  when  I  walked  close  to  them. 

By  holding  them  in  the  basement  of 
the  barn  for  a  few  days,  we  give  the 
calves  a  chance  to  do  their  sleeping 
and  resting  on  a  warm,  dry  bed,  to  get 
filled  up  on  hay,  to  reestablish  their 
salt  and  water  balance  and,  perhaps 
as  important  as  anything  else,  to  get 
acquainted  with  us. 

Because  they  are  unloaded  at  least 
three  times  on  the  way  from  Texas,  our 
feeder  calves  by  the  time  they  arrive 
are  trained  to  load  and  unload  very 
handily. 

There  were  sixty  calves  in  the  car 
I  have  not  yet  received  their  weights 
but  the  man  who  shipped  them  de¬ 
scribed  them  as  averaging  about  300 
lbs.  each.  Obviously  some  weigh  more 
than  300  and  others  are  not  up  to  it. 

Because  the  calves  were  coming 
from  South  Texas  and  because  Brah¬ 
mas  are  available  in  that  area,  we  had 
five  little  Brahma  heifer  calves  includ¬ 
ed  in  the  car.  We  have  separated  these 
little  calves  from  the  others  because 
they  are  as  wild  as  deer.  They  lived 
up  to  their  reputation  for  toughness, 
however,  by  arriving  here  in  much  the 
best  condition  of  any  of  the  calves  in 
the  car.  We  are  now  wondering  if  we 
can  tame  them  sufficiently  so  that  we 
will  dare  turn  them  out  in  a  pasture 
fenced  only  with  an  electric  fence. 

SPAYED  HEIFERS 

Reviewing  our  experience  with  some 
70  head  of  spayed  Hereford  heifers 
which  we  will  soon  finish  marketing 
off  pasture,  I  am  inclined  to  believe 
that  there  is  something  to,  the  idea  of 
spaying  a  beef  heifer. 

For  one  thing,  our  spayed  heifers 


have  run  very  quietly.  We  have  con¬ 
trolled  them  most  of  the  time  with  a 
single  wire  electric  fence.  At  first  we 
could  not  see  any  difference  between 
them  and  unspayed  heifers,  so  far  as 
growing  and  condition  were  concerned. 
We  are  not  sure  that  there  has  been 
much  difference.  Unfortunately,  we  did 
not  have  enough  unspayed  heifers  run¬ 
ning  with  the  spayed  heifers  for  a 
worthwhile  check. 

One  thing  is  certain,  however.  The 
spayed  heifers  have  done  awfully  well 
this  summer.  Sold  off  pasture,  they 
have  averaged  to  dress  out  between 
475  and  525  pounds.  Their  carcasses 
have  been  well  covered  with  fat  and 
we  are  told  that  despite  the  fact  that 
they  have  not  been  fed  grain,  their 
meat  has  had  high  table  quality.  One 
handicap  to  running  spayed  heifers 
here  in  the  Northeast  is  that  there  are 
not  any  men  practiced  in  spaying.  Uf 
here,  veterinarians  seem  to  make  quite 
a  job  of  the  operation. 

In  New  Mexico  we  were  able  to  con¬ 
tract  for  spaying  at  25c  a  head  and  the 
man  who  did  the  work  offered  to  pay 
$10  for  any  animal  which  died.  This 
same  individual  boasted  that  he  could 
spay  a  heifer  a  minute,  but  he  later 
modified  his  statement  by  saying  that 
he  could  spay  as  fast  as  a  crew  could 
get  the  animals  ready  for  him.  He 
claimed  that  he  never  killed  an  animal 
by  spaying  it  and  certainly  the  67  he 
spayed  for  us  never  showed  any  ill  ef¬ 
fects  of  the  operation. 

From  what  little  experience  we’ve 
had  to  date,  if  I  could  choose  between 
growing  and  fattening  for  beef  an  un¬ 
spayed  heifer  or  a  spayed  one,  I’d 
choose  the  spayed  heifer  and  be  will¬ 
ing  to  pay  the  cost  and  stand  the  risk 
of  the  operation. 

CROSSBRED  HOGS 

We  have  a  right  to  boast  a  little 
about  the  way  our  hogs  grew  this  sum¬ 
mer  and  topped  the  market.  Truth 
compels  me  to  admit,  however,  that  for¬ 
tunate  as  the  results  were,  they  were 


entirely  accidental. 

For  the  past  two  years,  we  have  been 
working  toward  a  purebred  hog  herd. 
While  we  have  been  progressing  in  this 
direction,  we  have  been  using  for  brood 
sows  any  likely  looking  individual  with¬ 
out  regard  to  her  breed.  It  happened 
that  by  doing  this  we  produced  three 
kinds  of  pigs  this  spring  —  purebreds, 
crossbreds,  and  double  crossbreds.  Our 
crossbred  hogs,  somewhere  along  the 
line,  picked  up  a  lot  of  vigor.  They 
grew  right  away  from  our  purebreds. 
We  think  we  learned  something  from 
this  experience.  At  least  we  are  not 
going  to  rely  on  a  purebred  hog  herd 
for  all  of  our  pigs  in  the  future.  This 
fall,  we  will  breed  five  Hampshire  sows 
to  a  purebred  Yorkshire  boar,  two  pure¬ 
bred  Yorkshire  sows  to  the  same  boar, 
and  three  or  four  purebred  Yorkshire 
sows  to  a  Hampshire  boar. 

Such  a  program  sounds  haphazard 
and  probably  to  some  people  like  the 
height  of  foolishness.  However,  the  fact 
remains  that  it  was  our  crossbred  hogs 
which  topped  the  Buffalo  market  and 
made  their  weights  at  least  15  per  cent 
faster  than  our  purebreds. 

SADDLE  HORSES 

We  always  keep  some  saddle  horses 
around.  In  fact  they  are  the  only  kind 
of  horses  which  have  sold  at  all  well 
during  the  last  two  or  three  years.  The 
problem,  so  far  as  getting  a  salable 
saddle  horse  is  concerned,  seems  large¬ 
ly  to  be  to  get  a  horse  which  knows 
more  than  the  average  rider. 

This  pretty  largely  rules  out  too 
young  horses  and  horses  which  are 
carrying  much  Thoroughbred  or  Stand- 
ardbred  blood. 

There  seems  to  be  nothing  quite  so 
satisfactory  for  the  amateurs  who  are 
taking  up  riding  as  what  is  known  in 
the  Southwest  as  a  good  ranch  broke 
horse  which  has  got  some  age.  Fortu¬ 
nately  for  the  hundreds  of  people  who 
are  taking  up  riding,  there  are  lots  of 
these  horses  available  at  reasonable 
prices. 

Their  supply,  however,  may  not  con¬ 
tinue  indefinitely.  More  and  more  horse 
raisers  in  the  range  country  are  using 
Thoroughbred,  Morgan,  Palomino,  and 
Arabian  stallions  in  the  hopes  of  pro¬ 
ducing  stock  which  will  sell  at  fancier 
prices. 

To  my  mind,  and  in  the  opinion  of 
some  of  the  best  ranchers  I  know,  the 
introduction  of  this  hot  blood  is  tend¬ 
ing  to  ruin  the  old  standby  cow  pony. 
Certainly  it  produces  an  animal  which 
tends  to  be  a  little  too  much  horse 
for  the  average  person  in  the  Northeast 


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who  is  beginning  to  ride  horseback 
with  no  other  background  than  his  ex¬ 
perience  with  a  bicycle  or  an  automo¬ 
bile. 

PREMILKIIVG  HEIFERS 

For  some  time  I  have  thought  that 
readers  of  this  page  might  be  inter¬ 
ested  in  premilking  dairy  heifers.  In 
fact  I  have  touched  on  the  subject  two 
or  three  times  and,  if  I  remember  cor¬ 
rectly,  reported  on  our  premilking  ex¬ 
perience  here  at  Sunnygables.  In  this 
connection  I  should  report  that  I  have 
never  seen  any  of  the  boys  on  the  farm 
here  become  enthusiastic  about  pre¬ 
milking.  They  will  premilk  a  heifer  if 
I  ask  them  to,  but  never  start  to  do  it 
on  their  own  initiative. 

I  like  to  think  that  when  I  hit  a  sub¬ 
ject  which  farmers  are  really  interested 
in,  I  can  tell  the  fact  by  the  number 
of  letters  I  get.  For  a  long  time  I  got 
more  letters  on  both  sides  of  the  ques¬ 
tion  of  whether  or  not  to  shoe  horses 
than  I  ever  received  on  any  other  sub¬ 
ject. 

Then  I  offered  plans  for  the  conver¬ 
sion  of  a  tractor-drawn  dump  trailer  to 
use  with  horses  and  for  a  time  was 
swamped  with  mail.  I  got  over  500 
letters. 

Never  have  I  received  a  letter  from 
any  reader  about  premilking  a  dairy 
heifer.  Have  any  of  you  who  read  this 
page  tried  the  practice?  If  so,  what 
has  been  your  experience? 

If  I  don’t  hear  from  anyone,  I’ll  as¬ 
sume  that  there  is  not  much  interest 
in  the  idea.  In  fact  I  am  not  much 
interested  in  it  myself.  I  would  be  glad 
to  promote  a  discussion  of  it. 

BROME  GRASS, 

ALFALFA  A ND  LADIXO 

This  has  been  a  grand  fall  to  put  in 
grass  seedings.  Because  we  expect  the 
evergrowing  shortage  of  labor  to  force 
us  more  and  more  to  grass  farming, 
we  have  tried  to  take  advantage  of  the 
wet  weather  by  putting  in  some  new 
pastures  and  meadows. 

We  have  put  in  two  meadows  on 
which  we  plan  to  cut,  first,  a  crop  of 
grass  silage,  then  take  off  a  crop  of 
hay,  and  finally  get  some  fall  grazing. 

We  have  seeded  these  meadows  to  15 
lbs.  of  brome  grass,  8  lbs.  of  alfalfa, 
and  2  lbs.  of  Ladino.  In  making  the 
seedings,  we  have  worked  our  seed 
beds  down  to  a  firm  condition.  We 
have  then  mixed  the  brome  grass  seed 
with  granulated  superphosphate  and 
drilled  it  in  to  a  depth  of  around  % 
inch.  After  the  brome  grass  and  fer¬ 
tilizer  have  been  applied,  we  have  cul- 
tipacked  the  field  and  sown  the  alfalfa 
and  Ladino  clover  with  a  cyclone  seed¬ 
er  and  cultipacked  it  again. 

The  pastures  we  have  seeded  have 
also  been  sown  with  brome  grass  as 
above  and  the  legume  and  other  grass 
seeds  applied  with  a  cyclone  seeder. 

We  have  put  down  one  four-acre 
piece  of  brome  grass  and  birdsfoot  tre¬ 
foil.  We  ate  still  feeling  our  way  with 
trefoil.  On  all  our  other  new  pasture 
seedings  we  have  used  two  pounds  of 
Ladino  clover  and  supplemented  it,  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  nature  of  the  land,  with 
alsike  clover  or  alsike  and  alfalfa. 

On  our  drier  pasture  fields  we  have 
used  some  orchard  grass  and  on  steep 
banks  and  hillsides  liberal  applications 
of  rye  grass. 

While  all  seedings  in  this  section  are 
wonderful  this  year,  we  have  seen  no¬ 
thing  prettier  than  one  of  our  stands 
of  Ladino  clover  and  orchard  grass 
seeded  with  wheat  last  spring.  It 
ought  to  make  a  great  silage,  hay,  and 
grazing  crop,  one  which  we  will  try  to 
harvest  in  that  order. 


27  (513) 


American  Agriculturist,  September  12,  1942 


SERVICE  BUREAU 

4 

By  ctt.  Jl.  G&Uiwe, 


Front  Tire  Blows  Out- Car 


^LEARNING” 

"Our  daughter  likes  to  draw.  She  saw 
a  picture  in  an  advertisement  which  said, 
‘copy  this  picture  and  win  a  scholar¬ 
ship’.  She  did  so,  and  of  course,  won  a 
scholarship  in  the  form  of  a  reduced 
price.  An  agent  from  the  school  came 
to  see  her.  She  was  not  earning  much 
and  did  not  see  how  she  could  pay  for 
the  course,  even  at  the  lower  price.  The 
agent  told  her  that  she  could  try,  and  if 
she  found  she  could  not  pay  for  it,  to 
send  the  lessons  back.  She  was  only  17 
years  old,  and  my  husband  signed  the 
contract.  My  daughter  could  not  pay 
for  it,  so  my  husband  was  served  with  a 
subpoena,  and  the  school  secured  a  judg¬ 
ment.”  ' 

This  experience  should  teach  two 
lessons.  First,  never  depend  on  any 
verbal  promises  made  by  an  agent;  it 
is  the  statement  on  the  contract  you 
sign  that  the  judge  looks  at  if  the  case 
comes  to  Court.  Second,  do  not  sign 
agreements  for  children  who  are  under 
age  unless  you  are  certain  that  the 
deal  is  a  good  one,  and  that  you  have 
the  money  to  pay  in  case  the  company 
demands  payment  of  you.  A  corre¬ 
spondence  school  generally  uses  a  con¬ 
tract  with  a  clause  stating  that  the 
student  agrees  to  pay  the  company  the 
complete  cost  of  the  course  even 
though  he  does  not  finish  it. 

—a.  a. — 

HUGS 

"Last  year  a  man  drove  into  the  yard 
with  a  truck.  He  was  selling  rugs,  and 
said  that  they  were  given  to  him  as  a 
bonus  by  the  company  that  made  them. 
He  had  four  rugs,  and  wanted  $240.00  for 
them.  He  finally  said  he  would  take 
$90.00.  We  ‘bit’  and  gave  the  man  a 
check.  Later,  we  found  that  they  were 
made  of  jute.  Is  there  anything  that  can 
be  done  to  force  the  buyer  to  return  our 
money?  We  took  the  license  number  and 
learned  that  the  man  lives  ,in  Brooklyn.’ 

If  you  had  become  suspicious  sooner,, 
you  could  have  stopped  payment  on  the 
check.  At  the  present  time,  any  action 
you  would  take  would  probably  cost 
more  than  you  have  lost.  We  are  re¬ 
porting  this  to  the  State  Police  and 
asking  that  they  be  on  the  watch  for 
this  man.  Buying  rugs  from  peddlers 
is  a  first  class  way  to  lose  money! 

— a.  a. — 

"HIGH-PRESSURE” 

"A  representative  from  a  furniture 
store  called  on  me.  He  said  my  electric 
refrigerator  could  be  put  in  good  shape, 
and  the  cost  would  be  between  $5.00  and 
$6.00.  I  agreed,  but  after  he  had  the 
refrigerator,  he  wrote  me  it  could  not  be 
repaired,  and  suggested  I  trade  it  in  on 
a  new  oneA’ 

This  looks  like  an  example  of  high 
pressure  salesmanship.  You  are  en¬ 
tirely  within  your  rights  to  demand 
that  the  refrigerator  be  returned  in  the 
same  condition  it  was  when  it  left  the 
place.  By  all  means,  check  the  condi¬ 
tion  with  a  disinterested  mechanic.  1 
predict  that  you  will  find  that  it  can 
be  put  in  working  condition. 

— a.  a. — 

"HOME  WORK” 

“I  am  a  typist  and  want  to  earn  money 
by  typing  at  home.  Will  you  please  tell 
me  the  names  and  addresses  of  all  the 
writers  magazines  in  which  I  could  in¬ 
sert  ads  for  typing  to  do  at  home?” 

After  some  search,  extending  over  a 
number  of  years,  we  have  never  found 
much  hope  for  the  person  who  wants 
to  do  typing  at  home.  That  statement 
should  be  qualified  —  the  person  who 
does  want  to  get  typing  done  finds  it 
easy  to  locate  a  friend,  or  a  friend  of 
a  friend,  who  will  do  the  work,  and 
who  lives  nearby.  Naturally,  he  pre¬ 


fers  to  do  this  rather  than  deal  by  mail 
with  someone  he  does  not  know. 

Occasionally,  you  will  find  advertise¬ 
ments  reading,  “Earn  money  by  typ¬ 
ing  at  home”,  or  other  similar  state¬ 
ments.  The  first  request  the  person 
who  answers  such  an  “ad”  gets  is  for 
money  for  supplies.  If  money  is  sent, 
that’s  the  last  you  are  likely  to  hear 
of  the  matter.  Therefore,  if  you  are 
a  good  typist  and  want  work  to  do  at 
home,  look  for  it  close-by. 

— a.  a. — 

TOO  FAST 

“I  made  a  deal  with  a  local  man  to 
install  a  furnace.  I  cannot  get  him  to 
complete  the  job,  although  the  finance 
company  demanded  payment  of  the  bal¬ 
ance  of  the  note  when  it  was  due.” 

The  basis  of  this  trouble  was  sign¬ 
ing  a  certificate  of  satisfaction  of  com¬ 
pletion  before  the  job  was  done.  The 
local  contractor  could  not  discount  the 
note  (that  is,  sell  it  to  a  finance  com¬ 
pany)  until  he  had  such  a  statement. 
Once  the  finance  company  does  dis¬ 
count  the  note,  they  are  within  their 
legal  rights  when  they  demand  pay¬ 
ment,  even  though  the  contractor  fails 
to  live  up  to  his  part  of  the  agreement. 

No  matter  what  construction  job  is 
being  done  on  your  farm,  be  careful 
what  papers  you  sign.  Refuse  to  sign 
any  paper  indicating  that  you  are 
satisfied  with  the  job  until  it  is  com¬ 
pleted. 

—  a.  a. — 

ONE  CENT 

“My  husband  received  a  letter  and  a 
long  list  of  questions.  The  letter  stated 
that  a  sum  of  money  was  being  held  for 
him.  He  answered  the  questions  and  re¬ 
ceived  a  card  with  a  penny  glued  to  it, 
saying,  ‘This  is  the  total  amount  of 
money  held  in  trust  for  you.  Please  do 
not  communicate  with  us  further.’  What 
is  back  of  this  deal?” 

We  have  already  commented  on  this 
on  the  Service  Bureau  Page,  but  we 
are  still  getting  letters,  indicating  that 
not  all  our  subscribers'  have  read  it. 
A  number  of  companies  are  using 
these  tactics.  They  are  collection 
agencies  who  use  this  method  to  verify 
addresses  and  names  of  debtors.  Ap¬ 
parently,  if  an  account  is  turned  over 
to  them,  they  use  the  phone  book  and 
send  letters,  such  as  our  subscriber  re¬ 
ceived,  to  all  persons  in  the  town  who 
have  the  same  names  as  the  debtor. 
The  penny  is  sent  to  make  the  deal 
legal.  The  scheme  is  a  distinct  nuis¬ 
ance,  and  the  best  way  to  stop  it  is  to 
throw  every  such  letter  in  the  waste 
basket. 

— a.  a. — 

SONGS 

“I  am  a  faithful  reader  of  your  paper 
and  especially  your  Service  Bureau  Page. 
The  item  entitled,  ‘Slim  Chance’  inter¬ 
ested  me;  particularly  since  I  was  taken 
in  by  a  similar  company,  a  couple  of 
years  ago.  I  wrote  to  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  for  advice  about  sending  money  to 
a  music  company  to  compose  and  publish 
a  song  for  me,  and  was  advised  against 
doing  so.  However,  I  took  a  chance  and 
sent  some  money  to  them.  They  did  a 
small  bit  on  the  song,  then  asked  for 
more  money.  Before  I  really  got  wise 
that  the  company  was  strictly  a  ‘Song 
Shark’,  I  had  sent  them  $38.00,  and  all 
I  ever  got  out  of  it  was  a  manuscript, 
a  phonograph  record  and  a  copyright 
card.  They  wanted  $58.00  more  to  make 
copies  of  the  song  and  publish  it.” 

We  are  sorry  our  subscriber  did  not 
follow  our  advice,  but  appreciate  her 
frankness  in  telling  us  her  experience. 
It  is  good  evidence  that  our  advice  was 
good.  We  do  not  recommend  sending- 
money  to  any  music  company  to  pub¬ 
lish  a  song. 


Crashes  Into  Tree-Steering 
Post  Pierces  Driver’s  Neck 


JOHN  ROHANE  had  been  into  North  Adams, 
Mass.,  at  a  wedding  and  was  on  his  way  home, 
tired  and  happy.  It  was  one  of  those  rainy  nights 
and  the  roads  were  slippery,  —  you  know,  the 
kind  that  makes  asphalt  just  like  grease.  Sud¬ 
denly  the  front  tire  blew  out  and  his  car  crashed 
into  a  tree.  When  that  front  tire  blew  out  Mr. 
Rohane  was  helpless  at  the  wheel  —  you  prob¬ 
ably  know  the  feeling  if  you’ve  had  a  blow-out 
on  the  road. 

His  car  swerved  across  the  road  and  struck  a 
tree,  just  a  few  miles  from  his  home.  Soon  after¬ 
wards  he  died  with  a  badly  cut  neck  and  a  frac¬ 
tured  skull.  The  North  American  Accident  Insur¬ 
ance  Co.  delivered  a  $1000.00  check  to  his 
estate. 


(Claim  No.  R-129576 


Massachusetts. 


(Cl|*rk  No.- 


Amrriratt  Arrifont  iJnsuranre  (Eompatuj 

Hmnt  ©ffire.  209  S’o.  fca  &allp  9tmt 
QU]tragn 


Not  Valid  unless  Release 
Beck  is  Signed  Wy 
Claimant 


December  26, 


-19AI_ 


$ag  to 

tljp  orhrr  nf  Walter  Rohane.  Administrator  of  the  Estate 
of  John  E.  hohane,  deceased, 

One  Thousand  and  Ko/100  -  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  -  flnllara 

PAYABLE  THROUGH 

THE  NORTHERN  TRUST  CO. 

CHICAGO,  ILL.  2-15 


Form  440  B 


Claim  examiner. 


“If  you  must  drive  with  thin 
tires -have  accident  protection 
while  you  are  on  the  road.” 


/ 


North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co 

Oldest  and  CarQtst  (exclusive  and  Occident  Oompany  in  ^/J:nence 


N. A. Associates  Department 


POUOHKEEPSIE.  f  V 


/ 


Everybody  on  the  farm  is  feverishly  busy  these  days.  From  before  dawn  to  long  after  dark,  fathers, 
grandfathers,  mothers  and  sisters  are  working  at  the  harvest  —  trying  to  keep  the  Home  Front,  the 
Food  Front,  going.  The  younger  men— the  sons  and  hired  hands — are  mostly  away  ...  in  the  Army, 
the  Navy  or  working  in  a  factory. 

It  s  easy  for  us — in  times  like  these— to  keep  so  busy  that  we  fail  to  see  what  is  going  on  around  us. 
It’s  easy  to  think  that  because  we’re  overworked  no  one  else  has  time  for  mischief,  or  to  interfere  in  our 
affairs.  But  unfortunately  that  isn’t  so.  The  old  saying,  “when  the  cat’s  away,  the  mice  will  play,”  still 

holds  good.  For  while  we  farmers  work,  our  enemies  lurk,  trying  to  steal  our  hard-earned  advantages 
away. 


We  Need  Our  Cooperatives  Now  To  Stand  On  Guard! 

Farm  cooperatives  were  organized  for  just  such  a  condition  as  we  face  to¬ 
day.  They  were  formed  to  give  the  farmer  protection  against  economic  exploit¬ 
ation  while  he  was  busy  with  his  herds,  his  crops  and  his  harvesting.  These 
cooperatives  are  so  set  up  that  each  member  has  a  voice  in  electing  the  directors, 
determining  the  policies  and  selecting  the  executive  officers  of  the  cooperative. 
And  then  the  rank  and  file  member  can  return  to  his  farm,  secure  in  the  know¬ 
ledge  that  his  interests  are  being  protected  as  he  wants  them  protected,  that  no 
holes  in  the  fence  are  being  overlooked. 

But  in  order  for  farm  cooperatives  to  work  effectively,  farmers  themselves 
must  cooperate.  They  must  lend  the  weight  of  their  name,  support  and  influence 
to  the  cooperative  effort.  They  must  stand  up  and  be  counted  when  the  time 
comes.  So  stand  by  your  cooperative.  Work  with  it.  For  it  will  work  for  you 
while  you  are  in  the  fields  or  barns  busy  with  other  matters. 


.  ..  Believe 

'No;k  ^ 

V.U 

mty  •  •  •  » 


ft 


ft 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


AMERICAN 

GRICU  LTURIST 


FOUNDED  1842 


(Left  to  right):  James  Colby  and  Bruce 
Widger,  the  Monroe  County  4-H  Dairy 
Demonstration  team  which  placed  sec¬ 
ond  in  the  State  competition,  show  Fair- 
goers  what  counts  in  building  a  profit¬ 
able  dairy  herd. 


T 


YOUNGER 

GENERATION 


c>Uawl 


(Left  to  right):  A.  J.  Pratt  of  Cornell 
Vegetable  Crops  Department  looks  on 
while  Milton  Adsit,  Onondaga  County, 
and  Alva  Stearns,  Chenango  County, 
show  a  crowd  of  New  York  State  Junior 
Fair  visitors  how  to  store  vegetables  by 
the  “bury  a  barrel”  method. 


HE  EXHIBITS  and  skillful  demon¬ 
strations  pictured  on  this  page  are 
typical  of  those  being  put  on  by  farm  boys  and  girls 

in  every  state  in  the  Northeast, 
and  throughout  the  entire  Unit¬ 
ed  States.  Through  their  educa¬ 
tional  organizations  —  the  4-H 
Clubs,  the  Future  Farmers  of 
America,  the  Grange,  and  the 
Rural  Scouts — millions  of  rural 
young  people  are  gaining  know¬ 
ledge  and  skills  which  make 
them  a  potent  force  in  strength¬ 
ening  America  on  the  home 
front.  Working  shoulder  to 
shoulder  with  the  older  genera¬ 
tion,  they  are  helping  to  make 
the  most  of  the  human  and  material  resources  vitally 
needed  for  war. 

The  inspiring  pictures  on  this  page  were  taken  at 
the  New  York  State  Junior  Fair,  sponsored  by  the 
4-H  Clubs  and  Future  Farmers,  and  held  at  Cort¬ 
land,  N.  Y.,  in  connection  with  the  Cortland  County 
Fair.  Thousands  of  Fair  visitors  crowded  around  the 
numerous  exhibits  and  watched  intently  the  efficient 
demonstrations  by  the  younger  generation. 


cua 


Nineteen-year-old  Eida  Barnum, 
who  lives  on  a  farm  near  Albion, 
N.  Y.,  shows  Fair  visitors  how  she 
cans  pears.  Elda’s  work  at  home  in¬ 
cludes  a  large  amount  of  food 
preservation,  and  she  also  helps 
with  the  farm  work.  Other  4-H’ers 
in  charge  of  foods  exhibits  at  the 
State  Junior  Fair  demonstrated  vari¬ 
ous  methods  of  food  preservation 
and  the  serving  of  nutritious  meals. 


Much  interest  was  shown  by  femi¬ 
nine  Fair  visitors  in  17-year-old 
Muriel  Russell’s  demonstration  of 
how  she  made  one  good  suit  from 
two  wornout  dresses.  Muriel  is  a 
4-H  Club  member,  lives  in  Holland 
Patent,  N.  Y.,  and  is  particularly  in¬ 
terested  in  sewing.  She  enjoys  help¬ 
ing  to  keep  her  home  furnishings  in 
good  condition  by  making  curtains, 
slip  covers,  and  upholstering  furni¬ 
ture. 


IN  THIS  ISSUE  LOOK  AFTER  THAT  ELECTRIC  MOTOR,  Page  3;  FULL  BARNS  AT  HILLSIDE  FARM,  Pag?  5;  THE 
—  11  J  1942  BEAN  CROP,  Page  6;  POULTRY  PASTURES,  Page  12;  THE  LIVESTOCK  SITUATION,  Page  15; 

FALL  FASHIONS,  Page  IS;  GIRLS  DO  FARM  WORK,  Page  20;  PERSONAL  PROBLEMS,  Page  21. 


SEPT. 26 


19  4  2 


The  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative  is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


Fertilize  this  Fall  to 


ALUMINUM  PAINT  Very  early  in  the 

war,  stocks  of 

AGAIN  AVAILABLE  aluminum  paint 

were  frozen  by  the 
War  Production  Board.  United  Coopera¬ 
tives  had  a  quantity  on  hand.  The 
government  has  now  authorized  the  re¬ 
lease  of  this  paint,  under  certain  restric¬ 
tions.  No  user  may  have  more  than  25 
gallons  in  any  30-day  period  without  a 
priority.  The  paint  must  not  be  used  for 
last  coat  outside  work.  It  may  be  used  for 
inside  work  or  for  first  coat  outside  work: 
Within  those  limits,  you  can  now  get 
aluminum  paint,  while  the  supply  lastsi 
No  more  is  being  made. 

k  k  k 

COPPER  SULPHATE  Effective  October 

1,  copper  sulphate 

USE  RESTRICTED  and  other  chemi¬ 
cals  containing 
copper  come  under  restrictions  ordered  by 
the  War  Production  Board.  If  you  will 
need  any  spray  material  or  other  chemical 
containing  copper  this  fall,  see  your  G.L.F; 
Service  Agency  at  once. 

k  k  k 

NEW  FEEDER  For  nearly  a  year,  G.L.F. 

patrons  have  had  their 
SAVES  STEEL  own  poultry  equipment 
factory  at  Oneida,  N.  Y; 
The  combination  flock  and  broiler  feeder 
shown  here  is  the  latest  development  to 
come  out  of  this  plant.  It  consists  of  a 
wooden  frame,  a  galvanized  iron  trough, 
and  a  pair  of  special  short  legs  for  broiler 
feeding. 


IN  planning  the  fall  plowing  this  year,  look  over  the  meadows  carefully  before 
starting.  A  lot  of  labor  and  gasoline  can  be  saved  if  you  can  leave  some  of  the  old 
meadows  down  another  year  or  two.  In  many  cases,  this  is  perfectly  practical,  if  there 
is  still  a  good  stand  of  legumes. 


Maintaining  Fertility 

On  meadows  which  you  would  ordinarily  plow 
but  which  still  contain  a  good  showing  of  legumes, 
top-dress  with  manure  and  superphosphate.  The 
easiest  way  to  do  this  is  to  use  superphosphate 
in  the  stable.  When  manure  is  spread  very  heavy, 
a  pound  of  superphosphate  per  cow  per  day  will 
be  enough.  You  will  get  more  value  out  of  the 
manure,  however,  by  spreading  it  thin  and  cover¬ 
ing  more  acres.  Six  loads  per  acre  is  enough.  If 
the  manure  is  spread  that  thin,  use  2|  to  3  pounds 
of  superphosphate  per  cow  per  day. 

Clear  Alfalfa 

Alfalfa  will  often  run  out  before  its  time  if 
fertilizer  applied  ah  seeding  time  is  not  supple¬ 
mented  with  top  dressing  later.  Manure  is  not 
suitable  for  top  dressing  alfalfa,  since  it  Carries 
some  weed  seeds  and  also  encourages  grasses 


which  tend  to  crowd  out  the  alfalfa.  Alfalfa,  there¬ 
fore,  should  be  top  dressed  with  superphosphate 
at  the  rate  of  400  to  600  pounds  per  acre. 

When  to  Use  Potash 

Potash  is  important  in  maintaining  hay  stands. 
Light  or  sandy  soils  are  likely  to  be  deficient  in 
potash.  When  manure  is  used,  the  potash  need 
will  usually  be  met.  On  light  soils  that  will  not  be 
manured,  use  200  pounds  of  muriate  of  potash  to 
the  acre.  If  phosphorus  is  also  needed,  use  400 
to  600  pounds  of  0-20-20. 

How  About  Lime  ? 

The  present  rotation  will  show  little  benefit 
from  lime  broadcast  on  old  meadows.  But  if  you 
have  grant-of-aid  lime  coming,  it  may  be  spread 
on  the  old  meadows  to  be  ready  for  the  next 
plowing. 


'  Besides  saving  steel  by  using  a  wooden 
stand,  this  all-purpose  feeder  will  often 
take  the  place  of  two  separate  feeders— 
thereby  saving  more  steel  and  more  money. 
The  removable  trough  is  easy  to  clean 
and  disinfect. 


NEXT  SEASON'S 
FARM  SUPPLIES 


Arms  and  ammuni¬ 
tion  for  winning  the 
war  have  first  call  on 
the  nation’s  raw  ma¬ 
terials.  Tools  and  equipment  for  producing 
food  must  be  made  out  of  what  is  Ujt- 
Yet,  in  spite  of  shortages,  most  of  the 
things  you  need  in  farm  production  are 
still  available.  A  bulletin  listing  many  o 
these  items  is  now  being  sent  to  all  G.L.vi 


Cooperative  G-L.F.  Exchange,  Inc 


Ithaca,  N.  X. 


American  Agriculturist,  September  26,  1942 


3  (517) 


How  To  Take  Care  Of  and  Repair 


DUE  TO  WAR  conditions  it  is  very 
difficult  if  not  impossible  to  ob¬ 
tain  a  new  motor  for  replacement  no 
matter  how  necessary  that  motor  might 
be.  It  is,  therefore,  highly  important 
that  the  motors  now  in  service  be 
maintained  in  good  working  condition. 

A  motor  really  requires  very  little 
care.  However,  the  care  which  it  does 
require  is  absolutely  essential.  It  takes 
only  a  minute  or  two  for  a  mistreated 
motor  to  burn  out  and  become  useless. 

As  a  guide  to  proper  motor  care  the 
following  points  are  suggested: 

J.  Keep  the  motor  bearings  prop¬ 
erly  lubricated. 

Proper  lubrication  is  just  as  import¬ 
ant  for  electric  motors  as  for  any  other 
machine.  As  a  rule  only  the  bearings 
on  each  end  of  the  motor  need  lubri¬ 
cation.  No  single  rule  can  be  given 
for  the  lubrication  of  all  types  of 


with  the  operation  of  the  starting 
mechanism.  A  periodic  cleaning  will 
eliminate  these  troubles. 

To  clean  a  motor  (a)  be  sure  that 
it  is  completely  disconnected  from  the 
circuit,  (detach  the  cord  or  disconnect 
the  wires  from  the  motor),  (b)  remove 
the  belt  or  otherwise  disconnect  the 
motor  from  the  load,  (c)  take  the 
motor  apart  by  removing  the  end 
plates.  As  parts  are  removed  from  the 
motor  mark  them  or  observe  carefully 
how  they  are  assembled  in  order  that 
they  may  be  reassembled  correctly, 
(d)  Dry-clean  with  rags  or  a  dry  paint 
brush  as  much  of  the  dirt  as  possible 
and  then  wash  the  metal  parts  with 
cleaning  fluid.  Be  sure  that  the  air 
passages  through  the  frame  of  the 
motor  and  through  the  rotor  are  clear. 
Do  not  apply  cleaning  fluid  to  the  coils 
of  the  motor  unless  it  is  necessary  to 
remove  oily  dirt  because  such  solvents 


Take  good  care  of 
that  electric  motor.  It 
is  a  tireless,  highly 
efficient  and 
thoroughly  d  e  p  e  n- 
dable  servant. 


olectsUc  /notate 


y  A  fan  on  the  shaft 
circulates  air  through 
the  motor  for  cooling. 


motors  except  that  it  should  be  done 
exactly  according  to  the  manufactur¬ 
er’s  instructions.  If  these  instructions 
are  not  furnished  with  the  motor  they 
should  be  obtained  from  the  manufac¬ 
turer  or  perhaps  from  some  local  dealer 
who  is  familiar  with  the  motor  in  ques¬ 
tion.  When  writing  to  a  manufacturer 
be  sure  to  indicate  the  type  of  motor, 
the  kind  of  current  and  voltage  it  runs 
on  and  the  serial  number.  This  informa¬ 
tion  can  usually  be  fo^nd  on  the  name 
plate.  Indicate  also  the  use  being  made 
of  the  motor. 

Too  much  oil  on  the  bearings  is  al¬ 
most  as  bad  as  not  enough,  because 
the  excess  oil  only  runs  out  and  soaks 
into  the  coils  and  other  working  parts 
where  it  collects  dirt  and  destroys  in¬ 
sulation.  Also  as  the  oil  dries  out  it 
leaves  a  gum  on  the  motor  parts  which 
may  interfere  with  their  operation. 

Avoid  mounting  a  motor  in  a  posi¬ 
tion  where  the  oil  will  run  out  of  the 
bearings.  A  motor  designed  to  operate 
in  a  horizontal  position  should  not  be 
mounted  on  a  vertical  wall  unless  the 
end  plates  can  be  shifted  to  place  the 
oil  reservoirs  horizontally.  Neither 
should  such  a  motor  be  mounted  on  end. 

2.  Keep  the  motor  clean  and  well 
ventilated. 

An  electric  motor,  like  a  gasoline 
engine,  generates  heat  when  it  is  work¬ 
ing.  For  cooling,  a  fan  mounted  on  the 
shaft  on  the  inside  of  the  frame  forces 
air  to  circulate  through  the  motor.  In 
time,  the  fan,  the  openings  in  the  end 
plates  and  the  air  passages  around  the 
coils  may  become  clogged  with  dust 
and  lint  so  that  the  flow  of  air  is 
greatly  restricted.  This  has  the  same 
effect  upon  the  motor  as  does  a  blan¬ 
ket  on  the  radiator  of  a  car.  A  motor 
in  such  a  condition,  fully  loaded  and  run 
for  any  considerable  length  of  time,  is 
likely  to  overheat  and  bum  out. 

In  addition  tQ  the  restriction  of  air 
flow  the  accumulated  dirt  in  the  motor 
hiay  work  into  the  bearings  causing 
excessive  wear  or  may  even  interfere 


rn  1 1  ~ 


may  damage  the  insulation  on  the 
wires.  After  washing,  wipe  the  motor 
parts  dry  with  a  clean  cloth,  (e)  while 
the  motor  is  apart  inspect  the  starting 
switch,  commutator  and  brushes  if  any 
to  see  if  they  need  repair,  (f)  reassem¬ 
ble  the  motor  being  sure  that  all  parts 
go  fyack  in  their  correct  positions. 


of  mica.  This  is  called  the  commutator. 
Riding  on  this  commutator  under 
spring  pressure  are  two  ,or  more  car¬ 
bon  brushes.  Friction  between  the  com¬ 
mutator  and  brushes  wears  the  brushes 
and  sometimes  cuts  a  groove  in  the 
commutator.  If  the  motor  is  allowed 
to  become  dirty  this  wear  may  be  rapid 
enough  to  destroy  the  brushes  in  a 
short  time.  Badly  worn  brushes  should 
be  replaced  with  new  ones.  The  brush 
guides  should  be  clean  and  free  from 
gum  so  that  the  brushes  will  be  press¬ 
ed  firmly  against  the  commutator  by 
the  brush  springs. 

If  the  commutator  is  worn  it  is  like¬ 
ly  that  a  condition  known  as  “high 
mica”  exists.  That  is,  the  copper  some¬ 
times  wears  faster  than  the  mica  leav¬ 
ing  the  mica  projecting  above  the  sur¬ 
face  of  the  copper  as  shown  in  Figure 
5.  This  high  mica  prevents  the  brushes 
from  making  good  contact  with  the 
copper  and  therefore  interferes  with 
the  operation  of  the  motor.  This  is  us¬ 
ually  accompanied  by  pronounced  arc¬ 
ing  at  the  brushes.  When  this  condi¬ 
tion  exists  the  commutator  should  be 
turned  down  on  a  lathe  and  sanded 
until  it  is  smooth.  This  is  a  particular 
job  and  should  be  done  by  an  experi¬ 
enced  person. 

If  the  commutator  is  only  slightly 
worn  or  slightly  rough  it  can  be 
smoothed  down  with  fine  sandpaper 
(at  least  2/0).  The  best  way  to  do  this 
is  to  place  the  armature  in  a  lathe  and 
spin  it  against  a  strip  of  sandpaper 
held  over  the  commutator.  On  some 
open  end  motors  this  can  be  done  by 
holding  the  sandpaper  against  the  com¬ 
mutator  while  the  motor  is  running. 
Never  use  emery  cloth  on  a  commuta- 
tator  as  the  emery  dust  may  short-cir¬ 
cuit  the  copper  bars. 


AIR  4.  Do  not  overload  a  motor. 

A  very  common  cause  of  burned  out 
motors  is  overloading.  If  a  motor  is 
overloaded  to  the  point  where  its  speed 
is  noticeably  reduced  it  begins  to  draw 
an  excessive  amount  of  current  which, 
in  turn,  generates  excessive  heat.  The 
reduced  speed  of  the  motor  decreases 
the  effectiveness  of  the  cooling  fan  and 
the  temperature  of  the  motor  rises  to 
a  point  where  the  insulation  burns  off 


FAN 


<•  A  motor  with  com¬ 
mutator  and  brushes. 
At  A  is  an  end  plate 
with  brush  holder  and 
brushes;  at  B,  the 
stator  or  frame;  at  C, 
the  armature  with 
commutator  on  near 
end;  at  D,  the  other 
end  plate. 


Two  armatures 
showing;  two  types  of 
commutators. 


Tighten  the  end  plate  nuts  one  after 
the  other  and  a  little  at  a  time  until 
all  are  brought  down  together.  Be 
sure  that  the  end  plates  fit  tightly 
all  the  way  around  and  that  the  shaft 
turns  freely,  (g)  lubricate  the  bearings 
of  the  motor  according  to  instructions, 
(h)  reconnect  the  motor  to  the  circuit 
and  check  its  operation,  (i)  reconnect 
the  motor  to  the  load. 

3.  Keep  the  commutator  and 
brushes ,  if  any ,  in  good  condition. 

Certain  types  of  motors  have  on  the 
armature  a  cylinder  or  disc  made  up 
of  copper  bars  interspaced  with  strips 


Bif  Forrest  B.  Wright 


the  coils.  When  this  happens  the  only 
remedy  is  to  rewind  the  coils.  At  pres¬ 
ent  it  is  very  difficult  to  obtain  wire 
for  rewinding.  Do  not  expect  a  V2 
horsepower  motor  to  do  the  work  of  a 
%or  1  horsepower  motor.  Some  types 
of  motors  have  relatively  low  starting 
power  and  should  not  be  called  upon  to 
start  a  full  load.  Washing  machine  and 
grinder  motors  are  of  this  type.  In  such 
cases  start  the  motor  with  as  small  a 
load  as  possible  and  apply  the  main 
load  after  the  motor  has  come  up  to 
speed. 

5.  Overload  Protection. 

Motors  which  may  be  subject  to  over¬ 
loads  or  low  voltage  conditions  should 
be  equipped  with  special  overload  pro¬ 
tective  devices.  This  applies  particularly 
to  motors  on  automatic  machines  such 
as  milk  coolers  and  water  pumps  and 
to  motors  on  non-automatic  machines 
which  are  operated  without  an  attend¬ 
ant  present  as  is  often  the  case  with 
a  milking  machine.  If  something  hap¬ 
pens  to  stall  or  overload  the  motor  on 
such  machines  the  motor  may  burn  out 
before  anyone  can  reach  it.  The  ordi¬ 
nary  branch  circuit  fuse  does  not  give 
adequate  protection  in  such  a  case. 

There  are  a  number  of  inexpensive 
overload  protective  devices  on  the  mar¬ 
ket  which  can  readily  be  installed  on 
motors  now  in  service.  These  are  in 
general  of  two  types.  One  type  is  an 
automatic  thermally  operated  switch 
which  opens  on  overload  and  can  be 
reset  manually  to  reclose  the  circuit 
after  the  overload  has  been  removed. 
The  other  is  similar  in  appearance  to  a 
fuse  but  has  special  features  designed 
for  motor  protection.  These  may  be  in¬ 
stalled  in  place  of  the  regular  fuses 
in  the  motor  circuit  if  there  is  no  other 
device  on  the  circuit,  or  on  the  motor 
itself.  For  portable  motors  and  motors 
operated  on  the  same  circuit  with  other 
appliances,  the  protective  device  should 
be  installed  directly  on  the  motor  or 
on  the  appliance  which  it  operates. 

6.  Be  sure  that  the  motor  is  sup¬ 
plied  with  the  proper  voltage. 

If  the  voltage  is  too  low  the  motor 
may  stall  and  bum  up.  Low  voltage 
conditions  are  common  on  farms  where 
long  circuits  are  involved.  In  many 
cases  the  load  in  a  barn  has  been  great¬ 
ly  increased  since  the  wiring  was  orig¬ 
inally  done,  until  now  the  wires  leading 
to  the  barn  are,  at  times,  overloaded. 
This  causes  a  serious  voltage  drop.  If 
two  or  three  motors  should  be  in  oper- 
( Continued  on  Page  13) 


1518)  4 


American  Agriculturist,  September  26,  1942 


B  V  E .  R.  E  A  S  T/AA  N 


Address  all  mail  for  Editorial  or  Advertl*. 
Ing  departments  to  American  Agriculturist, 
Savings  Bank  Building,  Ithaca,  New  York, 


AN  UNFORTUNATE  SPEECH 

HE  GROWING  scarcity  of  food,  already 
indicated  by  a  shortage  of  meats  and  other 
food  items,  was  not  helped  any  by  the  Presi¬ 
dent’s  recent  radio  fireside  chat.  He  put  most 
of  the  blame  for  our  economic  troubles,  for  the 
rising  cost  of  living,  upon  farmers.  Every  farmer 
with  whom  I  have  talked  recently  is  mad  about 
the  unfair  attitude  of  the  President. 

To  be  sure,  after  he  had  said  enough  to  leave 
the  impression  that  farmers  were  receiving  too 
high  prices,  he  did  say  that  wages  would  have 
to  be  regulated  also.  Then  he  told  Congress  arbi¬ 
trarily  that  unless  Congress  passed  legislation 
to  control  prices  by  the  first  of  October,  he,  the 
President,  would  do  it  anyway.  So  now  Con¬ 
gress  is  busy  with  bills  to  regulate  both  farm 
prices  and  wages.  But  after  watching  the  baby¬ 
ing  of  labor  unions  by  the  government  for  the 
last  ten  years,  few  people  have  any  faith  that 
there  will  be  much  regulation  of  anyone  except 
the  farmer. 

The  average  buying  power  of  wage  earners, 
even  now,  is  twice  as  high  as  it  was  from  1910 
to  1914.  The  average  buying  power  of  farmers 
is  just  about  the  same  as  it  was  in  1910  to  1914. 
If  anyone  is  to  blame  for  rising  food  prices  it  is 
the  labor  unions. 

That  kind  of  talk  from  the  President  of  the 
United  States  will  not  help  the  food  situation 
any.  The  time  may  come  when  it  will  not  be 

the  price  of  food  that  bothers  consumers  half  as 

much  as  the  question  whether  they  can  get  it 

at  all.  That’s  where  we  are  with  the  rubber  and 
gas  situation  now.  Food  may  not  be  far  behind. 

It  is  unfortunate,  indeed,  that  government 
leaders,  consumers’  representatives,  and  many 
newspapers  are  all  bearing  down  upon  the  farm¬ 
er  at  this  time.  It  is  more  unfortunate  for  con¬ 
sumers  than  for  the  farmer,  because  no  matter 
what  happens  he  can  dig  in  and  keep  frpffi 
starving.  But  in  any  case  it  is  bad  business  for 
our  boys  in  the  battle  line,  and  for  all  those 
principles  for  which  we  are  now  fighting  so 
desperately.  When  the  food  shortage  becomes 
acute,  officials  will  recognize  these  facts,  but 
then  it  may  be  too  late. 

NO  TIME  FOR  FOOLING 

ARMERS  now  have  thousands  of  their  sons 
in  the  armed  forces  defending  the  liberties 
of  this  country.  Those  that  are  left  on  the  farms 
are  also  serving  their  country  on  the  Farm 
Front,  working  harder  than  farmers  have  ever 
worked  before  to  raise  the  necessary  food, 

John  L.  Lewis  chooses  this  time  of  sacrifice, 
when  the  country  faces  the  greatest  crisis  in  its 
history,  to  use  agriculture  as  a  stepping-stone 
to  advance  himself  to  power,  even  to  dictator¬ 
ship.  To  accomplish  his  ends  he  has  millions  of 
dollars  collected  from  wage  earners,  to  hire 
trained  organizers,  city  men  who  know  nothing 
about  agriculture  and  care  less,  but  who  are 
trained  in  the  art  of  making  golden  promises 
sound  like  the  truth.  These  organizers  came  in 
early  this  summer  with  a  big  ballyhoo.  When 
they  found  they  could  not  fool  farmers  with 
that,  they  backed  up  and  are  now  using  other 
methods.  They  are  quietly  at  work  in  the  old 
country  neighborhoods,  not  only  in  the  North¬ 
east  but  across  the  country. 

But  we  do  not  believe  that  farmers  are  going 
to  be  fooled  this  time  either.  With  their  boys  on 
the  battle  line,  and  they  themselves  making  all 


kinds  of  sacrifices  to  back,  up  those  boys  to  save 
the  liberties  of  this  country,  farmers  will  make  > 
short  work  of  men  like  Lewis  trying  to  under¬ 
mine  the  Home  Front. 

NEW  MILK  ADMINISTRATOR 

N  OUR  LAST  issue  we  announced  the  leave 
of  absence  of  N.  J.  Cladakis  from  his  position 
as  Milk  Administrator  for  the  New  York  metro¬ 
politan  area.  Mr.  Cladakis  has  left  to  become  a 
Captain  in  the  United  States  Air  Corps,  and  our 
good  wishes  go  with  him  in  the  service  of  his 
country.  / 

Mr.  Charles  Blanford  has  been  appointed  to 
succeed  Mr.  Cladakis  as  Administrator.  He 
comes  very  well  prepared  for  this  job.  He  was 
born  in  Nebraska,  was  graduated  from  the  Kan¬ 
sas  State  College  of  Agriculture,  did  post-grad¬ 
uate  work  at  Cornell,  and  later  for  several  years 
was  in  extension  work,  mostly  on  milk  market¬ 
ing  problems.  More  recently  Mr.  Blanford  has 
been  the  chief  marketing  specialist  in  the  Milk 
Marketing  Division  of  the  United  States  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture. 

We  join  with  his  many  friends  in  offering  our 
congratulations  and  best  wishes  on  his  appoint¬ 
ment  to  this  new  and  responsible  job. 

WANT  TO  HELP  AMERICA? 

FEW  DAYS  ago  I  was  climbing  up  the 
banks  of  a  little  ravine  on  my  place,  and 
I  found  quite  a  pile  of  scrap  iron  that  had  been 
dumped  down  the  bank  in  years  past.  I  had 
never  noticed  it  before.  Now,  of  course,  I  shall 
take  steps  to  get  it  headed  toward  the  Germans 
or  the  Japs. 

I  think  if  you  walk  over  your  farm  many  of 
you  will  find  similar  piles  of  scrap  which  your 
country  badly  needs.  There  -isn’t  any  fooling 
about  this  scrap  iron  situation — it’s  a  bottle  neck 
in  the  production  of  munitions.  Yet  if  it  were 
all  collected  there  is  more  than  the  country 
needs. 

Many  citizens,  town  and  county  officials  have 
done  a  grand  job  in  using  the  road  trucks  and 
volunteer  help  to  make  a  house-to-house  can¬ 
vass.  Other  farmers  and  officials  have  paid  no 
attention,  ignoring  the  plain  fact  that  the  way 
to  get  the  scrap  is  to  go  out  and  get  it.  It  seems 

strange  that  it  is  necessary  to  keep  urging  peo¬ 
ple  to  do  a  patriotic  duty  like  collecting  and 
moving  this  scrap,  a  thing  that  is  so  plainly  of 
real  help  in  saving  our  country,  our  homes,  and 
our  liberties. 

ft* 

INDIAN  TRAIL  TO  HAPPINESS 

N  INDIAN  lecturer,  Charles  Eagle  Plume, 
tells  in  “Titmus  Tidings”  of  an  old  Indian 
who  was  entertained  in  one  of  our  large  cities. 
He  was  taken  to  the  best  night  clubs,  heard  the 
swing  bands,  and  was  shown  how  white  men 
have  their  fun.  He  sat  through  a  number  of 
movies,  and  was  feverishly  rushed  from  place 
to  place  and  given  a  taste  of  modern  life  in  all 
its  phases. 

When  the  entertaining  was  finished,  the  old 
Indian  was  asked  what  he  thought  of  it. 

“Ugh”,  he  grunted,  “white  man  must  be  un¬ 
happy — work  so  hard  to  have  good  time — no 
have  good  time  at  all.  Indian,  he  sit  on  rock 
and  watch  sun  go  down  every  night.  Much  good 
time.  Moonlight  in  rippling  water — much  good 
time.  Watch  fire  burning  low — much  good  time 
Hear  pine  trees  whispering  together  on  hilltop 


much  good  time.  Very  still  stars,  like  heap  and 
heap  candles  in  Heaven — -much  good  time.” 

The  Indian  ti*ail  to  happiness  is  worth  follow¬ 
ing.  There  is  healing  for  jangled  nerves  and  tir¬ 
ed  minds  in  the  woods,  the  hills,  the  singing 
streams,  and  the  mountain-tops. 

THE  MONEY  FRONT 

N  ORDINARY  times  the  first  use  for  any 
surplus  funds  which  farmers  may  have  saved 
by  some  miracle  is  to  pay  off  the  mortgage  or 
buy  necessary  equipment.  That  rule  is  good  to 
follow  even  in  war  times,  but  we  are  all  under 
obligation  also  to  buy  war  savings  stamps  or 
bonds.  Even  a  few  cents  set  aside  each  week 
counts  up,  and  if  we  are  to  win  this  war,  Ameri¬ 
ca  must  have  money  as  well  as  men  and  food. 
We  have  to  maintain  the  Money  Front,  too. 

CROP  AND  GARDEN  NOTES 

Y  FRIEND,  Ed  Jones,  Commissioner  of 
Agriculture  for  the  State  of  Vermont, 
writes  on  September  1 1 : 

“Vermont  has  been  exceptionally  dry  of  late  and 
many  rural  communities  were  short  of  water.  The 
last  two  days  have  been  rainy  and  brought  welcome 
relief  from  these  conditions.” 

The  weather  is  like  everything  else  in  this 
topsy-turvy  world;  it  goes  to  extremes.  Most 
parts  of  the  Northeast,  in  fact,  most  of  America, 
has  had  too  much  rain.  Potatoes  have  blighted 
and  are  rotting,  and  it  is  still  difficult  to  get  any 
farm  work  done  in  most  places  because  of  so 
much  rain. 

I  had  the  nicest-looking  celery  this  summer 
that  I  have  ever  grown.  If  you  have  never  tried 
any  of  the  green  celery  that  you  don’t  have  to 
bleach,  you  have  missed  something.  But  I  have 
learned  that  you  cannot  grow  celery,  any  more 
than  you  can  potatoes,  without  spraying  for 
blight. 

We  have  bushels  of  green  tomatoes,  and  had 
planned  for  gallons  of  tomato  juice.  But  the 
tomatoes  just  won’t  mature.  They  have  blight, 
and  are  rotting,  and  those  that  do  get  ripe  ripen 
very  unevenly. 

Never  in  my  experience  of  gardening  or  farm¬ 
ing  have  I  seen  weeds  and  all  kinds  of  vermin 
that  attack  crops  flourish  as  they  have  this  year. 

In  spite  of  all  this,  however,  the  average  yields 
across  the  United  States  are  much  above  aver¬ 
age,  showing  that  the  gains  of  a  rainy  season 
more  than  offset  the  troubles. 

Did  you  ever  observe  how  a  season  tends  to 
average  itself  out?  No  matter  how  early  or  how 
late  the  season  gets  started,  crops  usually  ma¬ 
ture  about  the  same  time.  For  example,  I  have 
never  seen  silage  corn  grow  any  faster  than  it 
did  this  summer.  By  the  middle  of  August  most 
fields  seemed  to  be  at  least  two  weeks  ahead 
of  their  average  of  other  years  for  the  same 
date.  But  since  that  time  the  ( Turn  to  Page  17) 

EASTMAN’S  CHESTNUT 

HE  NEW  Swedish  cook,  who  had  come  in¬ 
to  the  household  during  the  holidays,  ask¬ 
ed  her  mistress : 

“Where  bane  your  son?  I  not  be  seeing  hem 
’round  no  more.” 

“My  son,”  replied  the  mistress,  pridefully  — 
“oh,  he  has  gone  back  to  Yale.  I  miss  him  dread¬ 
fully,  though.” 

“Yes.  I  know  yoo^t  how  you  feel.  My  brother, 
he  bane  in  yail  six  times  sence  Thanksgiving.” 


AMERICAN  Constructive  and  Progressive  Since  1842.  Volume  139  No.  20.  Published  every  other  Saturday  at  10  North  Cherry  St..  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.— Editorial  and 

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American  Agriculturist,  September  26,  1942 


6  (519) 


GREAT-GRANDMOTHER’S 

GOLD 

By  MRS.  GEORGE  BOWEN, 
Remsen,  N.  Y. 

( Fourth  Prize  Winner ) 

URING  the  Civil  War  when  gold 
was  scarce  and  “hard  money” 
was  hidden  under  lilac  bushes, 
my  great-grandfather  buried  a 
sack  of  gold  coins  amounting  to  a  few 
hundred  dollars  in  the  garden. 

At  his  death  in  1866  he  gave  great¬ 
grandmother  the  sack  of  coins,  think¬ 
ing  it  would  cover  her  small  personal 
needs  for  years  to  come.  This  sack 
of  gold  pieces  was  a  constant  worry 
to  great-grandmother  and  she  would 
hide  it  first  one  place  and  then  another 
for  fear  it  would  be  stolen.  The  straw 
tick  on  her  bed  was  her  favorite  hid¬ 
ing  place.  These  ticks  had  to  be  re¬ 
filled  often  with  fresh  straw  and  one 
Saturday  her  tick  was  emptied  into 
the  pig  pen  for  bedding  and  the  tick 
refilled. 

The  next  day,  Sunday,  the  family 
went  to  church  and  when  the  minister 
announced  his  text  it  was,  “Lay  not  up 
for  yourselves  treasures  upon  earth.” 
Grandmother  immediately  thought  of 
the  “earthly  treasure”  at  home  and 
leaning  over  to  great-grandmother 
whispered,  “Where  are  your  gold 
coins?”  Great-Grandmother  thought 
a  moment  and  then  remembered  the 
refilled  strawtick.  There  was  a  whis¬ 
pered  consultation,  they  nudged  grand¬ 
father  and  explained  the  situation.  So 
the  Merrick  family  rose  in  a  body  and 
made  a  hasty  exit  from  church,  has¬ 
tened  home  and  spent  Sunday  after¬ 
noon  in  the  pig  pen  searching  for  their 
earthly  treasure. 

Of  course  the  pigs  had  made  short 
work  of  the  cloth  sack  and  the  coins 
were  scattered,  but  most  of  them  were 
recovered. 

*  *  * 

ABNER,  THE  GOAT 

By  MRS.  PERCY  BORDEN, 
Caribou,  Maine. 

( Fifth  Prize  Winner) 

BNER,  ordinarily  a  most  angelic 
goat,  suddenly  underwent  a  change 
of  disposition  for  some  unaccountable 
reason.  Father  surmised  that  Joe 
Muggins,  our  recently  acquired  hired 
man,  was  teasing  Abner  on  the  sly. 

Will,  my  elder  brother,  confided  in 
me  he  was  positive  Joe  was  responsible 
for  Abner’s  tantrums  but  wouldn’t  tell 
me  how  he  knew.  He  did  say  he  hop¬ 
ed  Abner  would  put  Joe  in  his  place 
some  of  these  days.  We  had  no  inkling 
that  that  opportunity  would  present  it¬ 
self  so  soon. 

The  following  morning  after  break¬ 
fast  Will  went  to  the  barn  after  Ab¬ 
ner,  planning  to  tether  him,  as  was 
customary,  in  a  field  near  the  house. 
In  the  meantime  Mother,  busy  about 
her  Saturday’s  baking,  discovered  she 
needed  more  eggs.  At  that  moment 
seeing  Joe,  the  hired  man,  go  by  the 
kitchen  door,  she  asked  him  to  get 
some  eggs  for  her.  She  told  him  she 
had  seen  a  hen  go  under  the  barn  floor 
and  felt  sure  the  hen  had  a  nest  hid¬ 
den  there. 

Joe  decided  to  ferret  out  the  nest  if 
Possible,  so  removed  a  couple  of  short 
loose  planks  from  the  barn  floor  and 


getting  down  on  his  hands  and  knees 
peered  into  the  darkness  below.  He 
had  found  the  spot,  for  old  Speckle 
flew  from  the  nest  below  his  line  of 
vision.  Gathering  the  eggs  in  his  hat, 
Joe  started  to  back  from  the  hole  when 
at  that  moment,  without  warning, 
there  was  a  terrific  impact.  Abner, 
with  murderous  intent,  lunged  at  Joe, 
butting  him  in  the  seat  of  his  pants. 
The  unsuspecting  Joe,  taken  unawares, 
was  driven  face  first  into  the  hat  full 
of  some  twenty  eggs.  Instantly  realiz¬ 
ing  that  Abner  would  charge  again, 
Joe  threshed  his  legs  wildly  in  mid¬ 
air,  and  somehow  managed  to  twine 
them  around  Abner’s  horns,  pinning 
Abner’s  head  to  the  floor. 

It  seemed  only  seconds  elapsed  be¬ 
fore  brother  Will,  yelling  bloody  mur¬ 
der,  was  on  the  scene.  With  the  piece 


of  rope  which  dangled  from  his  hand, 
he  tied  Abner  to  a  post  in  the  barn 
where  he  could  do  no  further  harm. 
The  commotion  brought  every  member 
of  the  family  on  the  run.  It  took 
father,  mother,  Will  and  I  to  pull  Joe 
back  through  the  hole  to  the  barn  floor. 
What  a  sight  we  beheld!  Had  Joe 
been  dead,  rather  than  very  much 
alive,  we  couldn’t  have  kept  from  roar¬ 
ing  with  laughter.  It  was  with  the 
greatest  effort  we  had  suppressed  our 
mirth  long  enough  to  extricate  Joe 
from  his  predicament. 

By  this  time,  having  placed  Joe  right 
side  up,  the  mess  that  had  previously 
only  covered  his  face  and  hair  now 
trickled  freely  downward.  He  was 
plastered  with  egg  yolk  and  egg  shells 
from  head  to  foot.  His  eyelids  were 
stuck  together  so  that  he  couldn’t  see. 
Mother  and  father  led  him  toward  the 
pump  where  the  first  layer  was  wash¬ 
ed  off,  midst  wild  squeals  as  the  cold 
water  splashed  over  his  head.  He  was 
then  ushered  to  the  woodshed  where 
he  underwent  a  vigorous  scrubbing  and 
shampoo  plus  a  change  of  clothing. 

Joe  accused  brother  Will  of  setting 
Abner  on  him.  Will,  however,  with  a 
twinkle  in  his  eye,  no  doubt  recalling 
his  confidential  talk  with  me,  explained 
that  Abner  had  charged,  breaking  the 
rope  and  freeing  himself.  As  long  as 
he  lived,  Will  declared  his  innocence 
and  maintained  that  Joe’s  accusation 
was  most  unjust. 


The  Amateur  Poet’s 
Corner 


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we  do  not  return  poems  not  published. 
Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

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and  each  poem  submitted  for  this  corner 
must  be  original  and  the  work  of  an 
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in  a  poem,  be  sure  to  state  whether  you 
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following  publication. 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist,  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Soldier’s  Prayer 

Give  me  the  open  meadows;  let  me  see 
Once  more  the  blue  of  distance,  like 
the  mist 

On  ripening  plum  or  purple  grape;  the 
free 

Untrammeled  billows  of  the  grass, 
wind-kissed. 

Give  me  the  gentle  things  again;  the 
lark 

With  its  three  simple  notes  of  melody. 
The  fragrance  of  a  dusty  path  at  dark; 
The  fireflies’  light;  the  moon’s  white 
witchery. 

Give  me  the  peace  of  childhood  days 
once  more; 

The  steady  drip  of  silver  summer  rain, 
An  apple  tree  beside  an  open  door; 
Cows  homeward  bound  along  a  country 
lane. 

—Jean  Cross  Hansen, 

Anthony,  Texas. 


Full  Barns  at  Hillside 


Farm 


By  fla/ied  Van'll/ aye*te*i 


AS  I  LOOK  back  over  our  farm  life 
for  the  past  several  weeks  I  am 
surely  reminded  of  the  homely  truth 
of  the  poet  Robert  Burns’  lines, 

The  best  laid  plans  o’  mice  and  men 
Gang  aft  aglee. 

Just  at  mid- June  I  wrote  that  we  had 
experienced  an  unusually  early  spring, 
a  wet  season  so  far,  and  the  promise 
of  a  tremendous  hay  crop.  As  a  mat¬ 
ter  of  fact  my  anticipations  were  more 
than  borne  out.  On  this  twenty-eighth 
day  of  August  I  may  write  that  locally 
our  summer  has  been  one  of  the  wet¬ 
test  that  anybody  pretends  to  remem¬ 
ber.  The  little  creek  which  crosses  our 
pasture  (we  always  say  “crick”  here¬ 
abouts — never  “brook”  as  in  New  Eng¬ 
land),  and  which  last  summer  dried 
up  until  it  would  not  furnish  water  for 
the  herd,  has  much  of  the  time  this 
summer  been  difficult  to  cross  without 
rubber  boots,  and  the  pasture  has  so 
many  boggy  mudholes  that  it  is  no 
small  chore  to  launder  the  cows’  udders 
at  milking  time. 

Now  and  again  in  one  respect  or  an¬ 
other  we  do  get  most  abnormal  sea¬ 
sons.  The  summer  of  1817  in  the 
Northeast  was  so  cool  with  frosts 
every  month  of  the  year  that  for  fifty 
years  thereafter  men  still  talked  of 
“The  Cold  Year”  It  is  said  that  in  all 
New  England  there  was  not  a -bushel 
of  corn.  Men  sincerely  and  anxiously 
asked  one  another  if  the  fires  of  the 
sun  were  indeed  going  out  and  eternal 
winter  descending  upon  a  dying  world. 
Sometimes  it  was  facetiously  remem¬ 
bered  as  the  year  “eighteen  hundred 
and-froze-to-death”  But  the  following 
year,  spring  came  early  and  the  sum¬ 
mer  was  long  and  warm. 

It  will  soon  be  three  years  since  por¬ 
tions  of  New  England  were  swept  by 
a  cyclone  such  as  comes  to  the  North 
not  once  in  a  century.  Traditions  of 
this  sort  do  not  linger  as  long  as  in 
earlier  times,  but  I  imagine  there  are 
regions  in  Yankee  Land  where  for 
many  years  to  come  people  will  talk 
of  “The  Year  of  the  Big  Wind”  It 
may  well  be  that  this  summer  may  at¬ 
tain  a  certain  celebrity  in  our  local 


annals.  Perhaps  in  after  years  we  may 
refer  to  it  as  “The  Year  When  You 
Couldn’t  Dry  Hay.” 

As  the  summer  has  turned  out,  it 
has  been  a  particularly  difficult  one  for 
us.  It  is  just  too  bad  that  this  par¬ 
ticular  year,  when  we  have  come  near¬ 
er  to  being  grass  farmers  than  ever 
before  in  our  farm  history,  we  have 
had  an  unprecedented  tonnage  of  grass 
per  acre  and  along  with  that  many 
rainy  days  and  an  absence  of  bright 
sunny  weather.  We  had  some  twenty- 
five  loads  so  thoroughly  spoiled  that 
we  either  spread  it  on  the  pastures  or 
rolled  it  off  the  wagon  in  heaps  to  be 
spread  later.  Of  course,  the  easy  way 
with  spoiled  hay  is  to  get  it  dry  enough 
to  burn  on  the  field,  but  we  hesitate 
to  do  this  because  alfalfa  crowns  are 
easily  killed  by  the  heat  of  a  burning 
windrow  of  hay,  and  beyond  that  fact 
is  a  curious  sort  of  old  fashioned  feel¬ 
ing  that  it  is  an  agricultural  sin  to 
destroy  organic  matter  by  fire  instead 
of  letting  it  turn  to  humus.  In  addi¬ 
tion  to  this  spoilage  we  are  just  turn¬ 
ing  the>  dairy  herd  into  sixteen  acres 
of  very  heavy  alfalfa — the  kind  that 
would  have  made  three  tons  of  hay  per 
acre.  It  is  now  ripe  and  the  new 
growth  coming  up  through  the  old  but 
the  cows  will  eat  some  of  it  and  wal¬ 
low  down  most  of  it,  and  in  the  end 
it  will  be  a  splendid  good  thing  for  the 
land. 

After  all,  our  farm  situation  is  not 
too  bad.  We  have  the  barn  plugged 
full  of  hay  of  fairly  good  quality,  most 
of  which  was  secured  during  those 
brief  periods  when  it  failed  to  rain. 
None  of  it  is  as  good  as  it  would  have 
been  under  more  normal  weather  con¬ 
ditions.  I  think  it  is  the  experience  of 
all  farmers  that  hay  grown  during  a 
very  wet  season  does  not  “feed  as  far” 
as  does  the  hay  made  when  things  are 
on  the  dry  side.  Apparently  it  does 
not  weigh  as  much  to  the  forkful  and 
probably  it  has  an  undue  percentage 
of  what  the  feeding  tables  call 
“crude  fiber.”  Last  year  with  our  ex¬ 
treme  drought,  very  few  hay  mows 
were  full  and  there  was  a  general  ex¬ 


pectation  that  there  would  be  a  real 
shortage  and  distress  before  grass 
grew  again.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  in 
this  locality  there  was  hardly  more 
than  the  normal  spring  inquiry  for 
feeding  hay.  It  seemed  that  every¬ 
body’s  hay  held  out  better  than  ex¬ 
pected. 

Now  I  am  going  to  venture  a  guess 
or  prediction.  It  is  just  this:  in  spite 
of  the  fact  that  hereabouts  the  yield 
of  hay  in  tons  is  one  of  the  largest 
ever  known,  nonetheless  so  much  of  it 
has  been  coarse  and  woody,  so  much  of 
it  has  been  put  in  badly  damaged,  so 
much  has  either  been  burned  or  drawn 
out  and  spread  on  the  pastures,  and 
so  much  will  never  but  cut,  that  in  the 
end  the  amount  of  good  nutrients  in 
the  barns  will  be  below  normal.  We 
shall  be  able  to  fill  cows  but  we  may 
not  be  able  really  to  feed  them. 

Writing  on  the  twenty-eighth  of 
August,  which  in  contrast  with  so 
much  of  the  summer  is  a  bright  and 
lovely  day,  I  must  confess  that  our 
farm  operations  have  in  many  ways 
gone  differently  from  what  I  expected. 
In  mid-June  in  these  columns  I  wrote, 
rather  boastfully  I  fear,  concerning 
making  grass  silage.  I  said  very  posi¬ 
tively  that  we  would  buy  no  molasses 
at  $43.00  per  ton.  As  it  turned  out  we 
bought  a  good  deal.  The  fact  is  that 
at  the  last  we  “lost  our  nerve.”  We 
had  plenty  of  lodged  wheat  and  at  one 
time  expected  to  alternate  a  load  of 
green  wheat  with  one  or  two  of  alfalfa, 
which  ought  to  be  a  most  satisfactory 
solution  of  the  problem.  Weather  con¬ 
ditions  were  so  bad  that  by  the  time 
we  were  ready  to  use  the  wheat  it  was 
nearly  ripe.  After  we  ran  in  a  single 
lead,  we  concluded  that  wheat  straw 
could  hardly  be  expected  to  do  the 
trick.  I  have  a  conviction  that  legume 
silage  will  never  really  come  to  its  best 
use  until  we  learn  to  grow  our  own 
preservatives.  Timothy,  winter  barley, 
winter  wheat  cut  early  enough  and 
doubtless  other  plants — any  or  all  of 
these  may  be  the  answer. 

Another  matter  that  did  not  turn  out 
as  I  expected  was  the  loading  of  the 
green  alfalfa.  Last  year,  with  the 
relatively  light  crop,  a  good  husky  maa 
( Continued  on  Page  13) 


\ 


* 


(520)  6 


American  Agriculturist,  September  26,  1942 


HOME  FRONT 


Now — when  Uncle  Sam’s 
milk  and  butterfat  production  are 
so  important — Hinman  milkers 
are  serving  behind  the  lines.  Hin- 
man’s  speedy  dependability  has 
been  a  godsend,  with  good  farm 
labor  so  scarce  . . .  for  each  Hinman 
Unit  milks  up  to  15  cows  an  hour 
— fast  and  clean!  And  Hinman 
users  know  that  the  10"  Low- 
Vacuum  is  gentle  on  the  cow  .  .  . 
protects  her  teats  and  udder  .  .  . 
keeps  them  in  soft,  pliable  condi¬ 
tion.  Last  year  no  less  than  1 1 
Grand  Champions  were  regularly 
Hinman-Milked!  Yet  Hinman  is 
not  a  "Contest  Milker” — its  gentle, 
easy  Low- Vacuum  gets  every  cow’s 
full  cooperation  in  milking  safe 
and  fast. 

Your  Government  is  good  to 
you  in  permitting  Hinman  Milkers 
to  be  manufactured.  Our  produc¬ 
tion  is  good — but  there  are  still  not 
enough  to  go  ’round.  So  please  be 
patient. 

.HINMAN  MILKING 
MACHINE  CO.,  INC. 

Box  25,  Oneida,  New  York 


/FaY9U  ALREADY  HA\ 

rot UH,NMA»  MOW* 

fe* 

cleaning,  written  K  ^  an 
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10 


HINMAN 

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How  Goes  Ihe~ — ~ 
1942  BEAN  CROP  ? 


DRY-BEAN  production  in  New  York 
has  become  big  business.  Our 
bean  acreage  is  now  second  only  to 
that  of  potatoes  as  a  cash-crop  vege¬ 
table.  Last  year’s  planting  of  167,000 
acres  was  the  largest  up  to  that  time. 
Only  six  states  in  the  country  grow 
annually  over  a  million  bags.  These 
states  in  order  of  production  being 
Michigan,  California,  Idaho,  Colorado, 
New  York,  and  Wyoming.  These  six 
states  will  this  year  produce  nearly 
90  per  cent  of  the  United  States  crop 
of  dry  beans.  There  are  16  counties 
in  New  York  which  annually  plant 
over  1000  acres  of  dry  beans  and  all  of 
them  are  west  of  Syracuse.  Dry-bean 
production  is  essentially  a  western  New 
York  industry. 

Last  spring,  Secretary  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  Wickard  set  the  1942  production 
goal  at  20,400,000  bags,  a  larger  crop 
than  has  ever  been  produced  up  to  this 
time.  Bean  growers  will  be  interested 
to  know  that  the  August  first  crop  re¬ 
port  estimates  this  year’s  crop  at 
20,596,000  bags,  or  nearly  one  per  cent 
over  the  goal.  Of  even  more  interest 
is  the  fact  that  of  the  6  important  bean 
states,  New  York  is  the  only  one  show¬ 
ing  a  decreased  production  compared 
with  that  of  last  year.  A  part  of  this 
decrease  is  due  to  a  light  decrease  in 
acreage  planted,  part  of  it  to  a  lower 
estimated  yield. 

The  weather  last  spring  was  favor¬ 
able  for  early  planting  and  good  germi¬ 
nation.  Since  then,  there  has  been  too 
much  rain  except  in  Wayne  and  Mon¬ 
roe  counties.  Water  damage  is  especi¬ 
ally  noticeable  in  Livingston  County 
where  Marrow  beans  are  the  prevailing 
variety.  Bean  fields  very  generally  at 
this  time  of  the  year  are  yellow  and 
indicate  premature  ripening  and  an 
early  harvest.  The  bacterial  blight 
disease  in  Red  Kidney^  probably  is  less 
severe  than  usual  while  mosaic  is  more 
prevalent  than  usual.  The  cause  of 
the  yellowing  in  the  wetter  areas  prob¬ 
ably  is  due  to  loss  of  nitrogen  by 
leaching  early  in  the  season.  This 
condition  was  aggravated  by  a  shallow 
root  system  caused  by  wet  soil.  As  a 
result,  the  crop  has  subsequently  been 


unable  to  continue  growth  satisfactori¬ 
ly  because  of  nitrogen  starvation. 
Many  fields  show  leaf  scald  resulting 
from  extremely  hot  sun  on  plants  cov¬ 
ered  for  long  periods  with  dew.  In  one 
areh  of  western  New  York,  namely  in 
Wayne  and  eastern  Monroe  counties, 
the  crop  is  presently  suffering  from 
drought.  Many  of  these  fields  are  ma¬ 
turing  early  with  flat  and  poorly  filled 
pods.  Many  fields  of  Michelite  variety 
are  already  mature  and  ready  to  har¬ 
vest. 

Bean  growers  are  generally  not  very 
optimistic  about  returns  from  the  1942 
crop.  Much  of  last  year’s  crop  of  Red 
Kidneys  was  held  over  because  of  poor 
demand.  During  the  rainy  summer 
months,  these  beans  absorbed  moisture 
in  the  bins  on  the  farm  and  some  spoil¬ 
age  resulted.  The  buying  of  Red  Kid¬ 
ney  beans  under  the  1941  federal  sur¬ 
plus  bean  marketing  program  ended  on 
August  31st.  To  date,  it  is  not  known 
whether  the  Agricultural  Marketing 
Administration  will  include  Red  Kid¬ 
neys  in  the  purchase  program  for  the 
1942  crop.  With  lack  of  government 
support  for  this  variety,  the  crop  of 
Red  Kidneys  will  be  smaller  while  that 
of  Pea  beans  will  be  larger  than  that 
of  last  year.  I  believe  that  the  optim¬ 
ism  of  some  of  the  more  experienced 
growers  and  dealers  is  justified.  Dry 
beans  have  always  been  a  profitable 
wartime  food  commodity.  Beans,  even 
Red  Kidney  beans,  are  being  exported  1 
in  steadily  increasing  volume  to  our 
armed  forces  and  to  the  Allied  Na¬ 
tions.  With  a  long  war  in  prospect, 
the  outlook  for  improved  demand  for 
all  kinds  of  dry  beans  properly  pro¬ 
cessed  and  packed  is  at  least  not  dis¬ 
mal.  Meat  prices  are  high.  Beans 
contain  about  the  same  amount  of  pro¬ 
tein  as  lean  beef.  Here  then  is  a 
cheap,  concentrated,  relatively  non- 
perishable  form  of  protein  food  which 
lends  itself  well  to  long  distance  ship¬ 
ment. 

Perhaps  it  is  not  too  early  to  plan  for 
the  1943  bean  crop.  Good  seed  may  be 
scarce.  There  will  be  less  nitrogen  for 
mixed  fertilizers.  In  New  York,  com- 

( Continued  on  Page  11) 


"Tin:  PROOF  OF  THE  PUDDING—” 

By  L.  B.  SKEFFINGTON 


Harry  Shear  of  Wolcott,  N.  Y.,  had 
a  bull  for  sale.  A  local  buyer  offer¬ 
ed  him  $45  for  it.  He  asked  $60  and, 
failing  to  get  it,  decided  to  ship  it 
through  the  services  of  the  Wayne 
County  Live  Stock  Shippers’  Associa¬ 
tion.  The  day  after  it  was  sold  on  the 
Buffalo  market  he  received  a  check 
for  $92,  net. 

Every  sale  through  the  association 
may  not  show  the  same  percentage,  but 
the  record  has  been  so  consistently 
good  that  a  recent  meeting  called  to 
hear  grievances  brought  not  a  single 
complaint. 

Clarence  Huckle  of  Clyde  is  president 
and  originator  of  the  association.  It  has 
made  a  good  start  toward  the  develop¬ 
ment  of  a  new  farm  industry  in  Wayne 
County  and  has  brought  considerable 
extra  money  to  farmers. 

Not  only  that,  but  it  is  fitting  per¬ 
fectly  into  war-time  economy  by  mak¬ 
ing  full  use  of  trucks.  Three  times  a 
week  a  truckload  of  livestock  is  hauled 
from  Wayne  County  to  the  auction  of 
the  Producers’  Live  Stock  Commission 
Association  at  East  Buffalo.  Each  time 
the  truck  brings  back  a  full  load  of 
feed. 

The  association  is  described  by 


Huckle  as  an  ideal  example  of  coop¬ 
erative  effort.  Three  cooperatives  are 
involved,  the  shippers’  association,  the 
commission  association  and  the  G.  L.  F. 
No  new  facilities  were  created,  but  ex¬ 
isting  facilities  were  put  to  work.  Pre¬ 
viously  the  truck  went  to  Buffalo 
empty  and  hauled  feed  back. 

The  shippers’  association  began  as  a 
pasture-improvement  group.  After  it 
had  been  going  two  years  Huckle  rais¬ 
ed  the  question  of  doing  something 
about  getting  better  prices  for  their 
stock.  The  shipping  plan  resulted  and 
began  with  one  load  a  week.  The  pleas¬ 
ing  returns  interested  many  farmers 
and  more  regular  trips  resulted.  A 
member  in  each  town  lists  stock  of 
members  to  be  offered.  These  are  given 
to  the  trucker,  who  in  turn  notifies 
shippers  when  he  will  call  to  load  their 
animals. 

Farmers  have  shown  so  much  inter¬ 
est  in  the  deal  that  suggestions  now 
have  been  made  that  similar  associa¬ 
tions  be  formed  in  other  counties,  or 
that  the  association  be  enlarged  to  in¬ 
clude  a  wider  area.  The  idea  is  that 
stock  could  be  picked  up  over  several 
counties  en  route  to  Buffalo,  that  more 

( Continued  on  Page  16) 


0000 O’ 


There  is  no  secret  about  the  fact 
that  the  feed  situation  is  in  a 
state  of  emergency.  Fish  oil,  fish 
meal,  milk  products  and  vitamin 
concentrates  are  hard  to  get.  Meat 
scrap  is  definitely  limited.  It  is 
necessary,  today,  to  turn  to  unaccus¬ 
tomed  sources  for  part  of  the  vita¬ 
mins  and  proteins,  and  to  combine 
the  "usual  and  the  unusual’*  into 
balanced  rations. 

Purina  Mills  are  in  a  strategic 
position  to  meet  this  emergency. 
For  three  reasons: 

1.  Purina  Mills  have  the  advan¬ 
tage  of  large  scale  private  research 
in  nutrition  carried  on,  through  the 
past  20  years  —  over  and  above  all 
publicly  available  information  from 
Colleges  and  Government  Experi¬ 
ment  Stations. 

2.  Purina  Mills  have  one  of  the 


best,  if  not  the  best  laboratory  in 
the  United  States  for  testing  the 
vitamin  content  of  ingredients  and 
final  mixtures.  Purina  equipment 
includes  four  machines  that  were 
built  by  Purina  scientists  for  Purina 
use  exclusively. 

3*  Purina  Mills  have  their  own 
alfalfa  meal  mills,  their  own  soy¬ 
bean  mills,  plus  the  advantage  of  a 
nationwide  buying  set-up,  and  a 
reputation  for  prompt  payment  that 
makes  them  a  "favored  customer” 
for  the  hard-to-get  ingredients. 

With  these  three  factors  in  their 
favor,  Purina  Mills  can  assure  you 
that  Purina  Chows  continue  to  meet 
nutritional  needs.  Feed  from  the 
Checkerboard  Bag  and  quit  worry¬ 
ing.  See  your  Purina  dealer  or  write 
direct  to  Purina  Mills  at  Buffalo, 
Wilmington  or  St.  Johnsbury. 


PUR  NA 


JANE  ADDAMS 
Woman-of -the-Month 


T 


M  going  to  build  a  big  house  in  the 
middle  of  the  slums  and  let  poor  chil¬ 
dren  play  in  my  yard!” 

.  . .  and  from  this  dream  of  a  little  girl 
more  than  seventy  years  ago  grew  the  great 
“Cathedral  of  Compassion”  in  the  midst 
of  Chicago’s  crowded  tenements,  —  the 
big  house  of  kindness  set  among  the  little 
houses  of  poverty.  To  “neighborliness”  the 
founder  of  Hull  .House  brought  a  deeper, 
more  poignant  meaning.  Because  our  whole 
warring  world  today  suffers  most  of  all 
from  the  need  of  neighborly  understanding, 
we  nominate  for  our  Woman-of-the-Month 

the  greatest  neighbor  of  them  all, - 

JANE  ADDAMS. 

■  ■  B  ■ 

Born  at  Cedarville,  Illinois,  in  Septem¬ 
ber,  i860,  Jane  was  just  a  little  past 
two  years  old  when  her  mother  died.  Of  her 
mother  was  written  in  the  notice  of  her 
death:  “Mrs.  Sarah  Addams,  with  a  heart 
ever  alive  to  the  wants  of  the  poor,  will  be 
missed  everywhere — at  home,  in  society,  in 
the  Church,  in  all  places  where  good  is  to 
be  done  and  suffering  relieved.” 

Jane,  was  a  frail  child.  She  carried  her  head 
to  one  side  as  the  result  of  a  spinal  curva¬ 
ture.  She  was  precocious  and  full  of  strong 
feelings.  She  spent  much  time  with  her 
adored  father,  following  his  word  as  gospel. 
Nobody  ever  was  able  to  make  her  quit  a 
task.  She  never  permitted  ill-health  to  inter¬ 
fere  with  what  she  wanted  to  do. 

Jane  Addams  wHs  brilliantly  educated  in 
Europe.  But  her  old  interests  and  purposes 
kept  hammering  away  in  her  brain.  It  was 
in  the  slums  she  found  her  greatest  interest. 

At  Toynbee  Hall  in  London  she  saw  her 
“big  house”  developed  along  practical  lines, 
so  she  returned  to  the  United  States  to  set 
out  on  her  great  venture.  She  found  an  old 
home  built  by  a  Charles  J.  Hull  in  what  was 
once  the  residence  district  of  Chicago.  Now 
it  was  surrounded  by  a  sordid  slum  district. 
When  she  was  29  years  old,  Jane  Addams 
moved  into  “Hull  House.”  She  never  left  it. 
Hers  wa!s  consistency  of  purpose.  With  her 
friend,  Ellen  Starr,  they  did  their  own  jani¬ 
tor  service,  washing  windows,  scrubbing 
floors,  doing  the  most  menial  things. 

Hull  House  was  in  the  midst  of  the  for¬ 
eign  colonies.  The  streets  were  inexpressibly 
dirty,  schools  inadequate,  sanitary  legisla¬ 
tion  unenforced,  street  lighting  bad,  paving 
miserable,  hundreds  of  houses  uncorlnected 
with  the  street  sewer.  While  the  Armours, . 
Swifts,  Cranes,  Fields,  Lesters,  McCor¬ 
micks,  and  Pullmans  were  building  indus¬ 
tries,  giving  employment  to  labor,  Jane 
Addams  was  cleaning  up  the  slums.  She 
emphasized  the  “joy  of  finding  the  Christ 
which  lies  in  each  man,  but  which  no  man 
can  unfold  save  in  fellowship.”  She  her¬ 
self  washed  new-born  babies,  minded  chil¬ 
dren,  nursed  the  sick,  and  prepared  the 
dead  for  burial. 

One  evening  when  she  was  talking  to  a 
workman’s  club,  one  of  the  roughest  look¬ 
ing  members  called  out,  “You  won’t  talk 
like  this  when  the  millionaires  begin  to 
subsidize  you.” 

“I  don’t  intend,”  she  replied,  “either 
to  be  subsidized  by  millionaires  or  bullied 
by  labor-unionists;  I  expect  to  keep  on 
saying  what  I  think  without  consulting 
either  of  them.” 

Jane  Addams,  with  her  honesty  of  pur¬ 
pose  won  both!  And  made  her  work  and 
accomplishments  the  pattern  for  improve¬ 
ment  throughout  the  world. 

Consistency  was  a  virtue  with  her.  She 
kept  her  objective.  When  she  altered  a 
plan,  she  knew  what  turn  to  take  and  why 
she  took  it.  For  instance,  she  turned  from 
the  fight  against  a  crooked  alderman  to  a 
scientific  study  of  the  psychology  that 
developed  aldermanic  crookedness.  She 
tried  to  strike  evil  at  its  root. 

For  my  readers  who  want  to  know  far 
more  than  I  can  put  in  this  short  space,  I 
recommend  “Twenty  Years  at  Hull  House” 
and  “The  Spirit  of  Youth.” 

Jane  Addams — the  great  Neighbor — out 
of  the  fullness  of  her  life,  again  teaches  us 
that  our  most  prized  possessions  are  those, 
which  when  shared,  multiply  .  .  .  our  least 
valuable  possessions,  kept  to  ourselves, 
diminish. 

WM.  H.  DANFORTH 
Chairman ,  Ralston  Purina  Company 
Executive  Offices: 

1800  Checkerboard  Square,  St.  Louis,  Mo, 


(522)  8 


American  Agriculturist,  September  26,  194! 


MESS  CALL 


^JUe  2ue&ttiui  Qojc 


THE  chow’s  good.  And 
there’s  plenty  of  it.  We 
have  in  fact  the  best-fed  Army 
and  Navy  in  the  world. 

This  starts  with  America’s 
farmers,  who  are  raising  and 
shipping  bumper  crops. 

It  carries  on  through  the  proc¬ 
essors,  who  pack  the  food  and 
ship  it  to  the  boys  in  camp  or 
at  the  front. 

And  keeping  it  all  on  the  move 
are  the  American  railroads. 
They  see  that  the  right  num¬ 
bers  of  the  right  cars  are  on  the 
spot  when  and  where  crops 
and  livestock  are  ready  to 
move — and  see  that  they  are 
hauled  dependably  and  safely 
to  destination. 

With  the  mass  of  war  materi¬ 
als  being  carried,  this  all  adds 
up  to  the  biggest  transporta¬ 


tion  job  in  U.S.  history — a  job 
already  far  ahead  of  the  peak 
traffic  of  the  last  war. 

To  handle  this  job  the  rail¬ 
roads  are  moving  a  million  and 
a  quarter  tons  of  freight  a  mile 
every  minute — starting  off  a 
heavily  loaded  freight  train 
every  five  seconds  of  the  day 
and  night. 

Railroad  equipment  is  being 
worked  at  top  pace — a  pace 
that  doesn’t  permit  freight 
cars  to  loaf. 

So  we  ask  you  to  do  this:  Load 
cars  promptly,  and  load  ’em 
to  capacity — and  it’s  up  to  the 
railroads  to  see  that  they  are 
kept  moving. 

That’s  your  part,  and  ours,  in 
making  sure  that  we  have  the 
best-fed,  best-equipped  fight¬ 
ing  men  in  the  world. 


"HOME  GROWN” 

What  is  the  average  percentage  of  pro¬ 
tein  in  home-grown  grains,  and  what  is 
an  easy  way  of  figuring  out  the  protein 
content  of  a  ration  where  home-grown 
grains  are  used? 

With  the  exception  of  soybeans, 
home-grown  grains  (such  as  corn,  oats, 
barley,  buckwheat)  will  run  right 
around  16%  of  protein.  That  is  not 
exact,  but  it  is  close  enough  for  all 
practical  purposes.  Therefore,  if  you 
mix  equal  parts  of  any  of  these  grains 
with  a  supplement  carrying  30%  of 
protein,  the  mixture  will  contain  20%. 
You  can  roughly  figure  any  mixture. 
Suppose  we  work  on  a  ton  basis.  For 
example,  1200  lbs.  of  home-grown 
grains  (averaging  10%  protein)  will 
carry  120  lbs.;  800  lbs.  of  a  supplement 
(containing  30%  protein)  will  carry 
240  lbs. — a  total  of  360  lbs.  of  protein. 
Dividing  by  2,000  (1  ton)  will  show 
that  such  a  mixture  will  contain  about 
18%  of  protein. 

—  A.  A. — 

KEEPING  APPLES 

Is  the  keeping  quality  of  apples  affect¬ 
ed  when  they  are  sprayed  to  prevent 
dropping? 

The  hormone  sprays  used  to  prevent 
dropping  do  not  stop  the  ripening  of 
the  fruit.  If  they  are  left  on  the  trees 
too  long,  they  will  be  more  mature, 
and  if  this  process  goes  too  far,  they 
will  not  stand  storage  as  well.  The 
spray  has  no  direct  effect  on  keeping 
quality.  It  is  just  a  question  of  how 
mature  the  apples  are  when  they  are 
picked. 

Z'  — A.  A.  — 

BLIGHTED  POTATOES 

There  is  some  blight  in  my  potatoes. 
What  is  the  best  program  —  to  dig  them 
right  away  or  to  wait  until  later  in  the 
season? 

Probably  you  will  have  less  loss  from 
rotting  if  you  delay  digging  for  a 
while.  In  that  way,  the  potatoes  that 
are  affected  will  show  up  rot  and  can 
be  discarded  instead  of  putting  them 
in  the  bin  where  they  will  infect  sound 
potatoes.  If  you  are  lucky  and  run 
into  a  period  of  dry  weather,  you 
should  have  less  loss  than  if  the  pota¬ 
toes  are  dug  when  the  ground  is  wet. 

— a.  a. — 

SKIM  MILK 

How  much  is  skim  milk  worth  for  feed¬ 
ing  pigs  and  how  much  should  be  fed  for 
best  results? 

One  authority  estimates  that  10  lbs. 
of  skim  milk  is  worth  as  much  as  1  lb. 
of  tankage.  With  young  pigs,  we  sug¬ 
gest  feeding  3  lbs.  of  skim  milk  for 
each  pound  of  grain.  As  the  pigs  grow 
older,  the  proportion  of  skim  milk  is 
dropped  gradually.  When  pigs  weigh 
over  100  lbs.,  give  them  2  lbs.  of  skim 
milk  for  each  pound  of  grain.  From. 
8  to  10  lbs.  of  skim  milk  a  day  is 
enough  for  a  pig  weighing  over  75  lbs. 
If  they  get  less  than  that,  they  will 
not  be  getting  enough  protein  unless 
some  other  high-protein  food  is  added 
to  the  ration. 

— a.  a. — 

BULL  "INDEX” 

What  is  meant  by  the  term  “index”  as 
applied  to  bulls? 

This  is  a  term  arrived  at  in  an  at¬ 
tempt  to  measure  the  ability  of  bulls 
to  transmit  high  production  to  their 
daughters.  The  figure  is  determined 
after  the  bull  has  daughters  in  pro¬ 
duction.  For  example,  if  the  dams  of 
these  daughters  should  average  8,000 
lbs.  of  milk  and  the  daughters  average 


10,000  lbs.,  the  bull’s  index  is  consid¬ 
ered  as  12,000. 

If  you  know  a  bull’s  index  and  the 
production  of  your  cows,  you  can  figure 
that  the  production  of  the  daughters 
of  these  cows  will  be  somewhere  near 
halfrway  between.  In  a  similar  way, 
a  bull’s  index  for  butterfat  percentage 
and  total  butterfat  production  is  also 
estimated.  The  bull’s  index,  of  course, 
is  only  approximate;  but  it  seems  to  be 
the  best  measure  of  transmitting  abil¬ 
ity  that  we  have  been  able  to  figure 
out. 

— a.  a. — 

GRINDING  WHEAT 

It  has  always  been  my  impression  that 
wheat  is  less  palatable  to  cows  than 
corn.  We  hear  a  lot  about  the  use  of 
feed  wheat  for  dairy  cows.,  What  can  be 
done  to  increase  its  palatability? 

It  is  generally  agreed  that  wheat 
should  be  ground  course.  Both  cows 
and  hens  seem  to  find  it  more  palatable 
than  when  it  is  ground  fine. 

—  a.  a. — 

MASTITIS 

Is  there  any  drug  which  can  be  inject¬ 
ed  into  a  cow’s  udder  to  cure  mastitis? 

Great  progress  has  tyeen  made  in  re¬ 
cent  years  along  this  line.  The  treat¬ 
ment,  however,  should  be  made  by  a 
veterinarian.  If  your  herd  is  badly 
affected  with  mastitis,  we  suggest  that 
you  talk  the  matter  over  with  your  vet. 

— a.  a. — 

ANSWERS  ON 
"YELLOW  JACKETS” 

When  you  are  troubled  with  yellow 
jackets  under  shingles,  it  will  nearly 
always  be  found  that  there  are  nests 
in  the  attic  and  that  the  cracks  be¬ 
tween  shingles  are  only  doorways.  Take 
a  coffee  can  or  similar  dish  about  half 
full  of  kerosene  and  hold  it  against  the 
roof  board  with  the  nest  in  the  mouth 
of  the  can.  Scrape  sideways  to  dislodge 
nest  and  contents,  and  take  it  outdoors 
and  drop  a  match  in  the  can.  To  avoid 
stings  and  to  get  the  game,  this  should 
be  accomplished  late  at  night  with  the 
aid  of  a  good  flashlight. — F.  H.  Clark, 
Mannsville,  N.  Y. 

*  *  * 

Tell  the  correspondent  who  asked 
how  to  get  rid  of  yellow  jackets  under 
the  eaves  to  try  his  regular  fly  spray 
which  he  uses  on  cows.  We  cleared 
wasps  out  of  a  bedroom  once,  and 
bumble  bees  and  wasps  from  an  out 
building.  In  the  bedroom  we  swept  up 
wasps  for  two  weeks  after.  Outside  we 
had  only  to  spray  two  or  three  times, 
a  week  or  two  apart,  but  there  were 
only  a  few.  He  may  have  to  keep  at 
them,  but  I  hope  he  wins. — Mrs.  O.  D. 
B.  Cronk,  Stevensville,  Pa. 


“But,  O  ]f  ice  I,  ij  I  back  up,  J 

won’t  have  quite  enough  gas  SO 
get  home!” 


ASSOCIATION  OF 

American 


Railroads 


WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


American  Agriculturist,  September  26,  1942 


9  (523) 


YOU  **  YOU  R  FARM 

and  Ifie  WA 


V*  *  *  ★  ,★ 

-f........  .«-V  .  ~  --  v.  S  -  <* . .  -.r:  i-.  . -  *  >  ^ 


•■  --■■rr — ■>.?,>  *  I, 


A  LETTER  TO, 

THE  PRESIDENT 

September  18,  1942. 
Dear  President  Roosevelt: 

We,  the  heads  of  the  undersigned 
farm  organizations,  whose  members 
produce  most  of  the  food  and  fiber 
raised  in  this  country,  feel  it  is  our 
duty  to  inform  you  that  there  is  grave 
danger  of  a  shortage  of  food  and  fiber 
next  year,  unless  the  ceilings  of  farm 
prices  are  so  adjusted  as  to  enable 
farmers  to  meet  essential  production 
costs.  The  establishment  of  any  ceil¬ 
ing  on  farm  products  which  omits  farm 
labor  as  an  item  of  cost  will  fail  of 


tions  which  will  make  it  possible  to 
continue  to  produce  a  plentiful  supply 
of  food. 

— a.  a. — 

SCRAP  WILL  MOVE  SOON 

EW  YORK  STATE’S  scrap  quota 
up  to  December  31  is  1,208,000 
tons.  Quotas  in  other  northeastern 
states  will  just  about  double  this  figure. 
It  will  take  some  real  effort  to  meet 
the  quotas,  but  it  can  be  done. 

Each  state  is  organized  for  the  job. 
First,  there  is  a  State  Chairman  and 
an  Executive  Secretary.  For  the 
Northeast,  Executive  Secretaries  are: 
Connecticut :  Bice  Clemow,  410  Asylum 


St.,  Hartford,  Conn. 

Maine :  Clifford  A.  Somerville,  142  High 
St.,  Portland,  Me. 

Massachusetts :  John  I.  Taylor,  1  Court 
St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

New  Hampshire  :  E.  J.  Soucy,  State  House, 
Concord,  N.  H. 

Rhode  Island:  Lawrence  Lampher,  Hos¬ 
pital  Trust  Bldg.,  Provi¬ 
dence,  R.  I. 

Vermont:  John  O.  Baxendale,  49  State 
House,  Montpelier,  Vt. 

New  York:  William  Arnoldy,  112  State 
St.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

New  Jersey:  Clinton  M.  White,  32  East 
Hanover  St.,  Trenton,  N.  J. 
Pennsylvania:  Colley  S.  Baker,  302  Capi¬ 
tol  Bldg.,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

The  exact  plan  to  be  followed  is  left 
pretty  much  up  to  each  state.  In  New 
York  the  plan  is  to  have  a  Chairman 
in  each  county  and  to  operate  on  a 
township  basis,  with  town  and  county 
highway  trucks  doing  the  actual  col¬ 
lecting.  The  dates  for  the  campaign 
in  each  county  are  left  to  the  County 
Committee,  but  most  county  drives  will 
be  held  some  time  between  the  middle 
of  September  and  the  last  of  October. 

Any  person  or  organization  that 
wishes  to  get  in  the  scrap,  can  be  of 
most  service  by  getting  in  touch  with 
the  County  Chairman  so  that  all  ef¬ 
forts  can  be  fitted  into  a  complete  pic¬ 


ture.  In  this  way,  duplication  of  effort 
will  be  avoided,  while  at  the  same  time 
the  scrap  in  some  neighborhoods  will 
not  be  neglected. 

Get  a  Pile  Ready 

Most  farms  have  a  dump  pile  some¬ 
where  in  a  fence  corner  or  back  in  the 
woods,  and  these  sources  of  scrap  are 
the  ones  most  likely  to  be  neglected. 
Some  scrap  in  the  pile  may  be  worth¬ 
less,  but  some  in  every  pile  should  be 
salvaged.  It  is  not  in  the  plan  to  have 
county  and  town  trucks  go  back  into 
the  woods  to  pick  up  junk.  That  is 
up  to  the  owner  of  the  place.  If  time 
or  help  is  not  available  to  do  this,  per¬ 
haps  this  part  of  the  job  can  be  done 
by  the  boys  in  the  local  high  school 
department  of  agriculture,  by  boy 
scouts,  or  by  some  other  organization. 

Food  production  is  just  as  important 
as  scrap,  therefore  such  necessary 
items  as  angle  irons,  bolts,  and  nuts, 
as  well  as  spare  machinery  parts, 
should  be  saved  and  used  to  keep  ma¬ 
chines  on  the  farm  in  running  order. 

Watch  your  local  papers  for  an  an¬ 
nouncement  of  the  scrap  harvest  date 
in  your  county,  and  get  scrap  collected 
in  a  pile  so  it  can  be  picked  up  quickly. 


its  purpose.  The  responsibility  for  the 
future  food  and  fiber  supply  of  the 
nation  must  rest  squarely  on  the  shoul¬ 
ders  of  those  who  deny  consumers  of 
food  and  fiber  this  protection. 

It  is  our  duty  to  point  out  to  you 
that  the  best  protection  against  infla- 
ion  is  abundant  production.  Already 
the  production  of  food  and  fiber  in 
this  country  has  passed  its  peak.  Un¬ 
less  farmers  can  pay  adequate  farm 
wages,  production  of  these  essentials 
will  continue  to  decline.  The  demand 
on  farm  labor  by  the  military  services, 
and  the  attractive  wages  and  shorter 
hours  of  labor  which  are  already  pre¬ 
vailing  in  industry,  are  resulting  in 
farm  laborers,  farm  boys  and  girls,  and 
even  farm  operators  leaving  our  farms 
in  ever  increasing  numbers. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

EDWARD  A.  O’NEAL,  President,  Am 
erican  Farm  Bureau  Federation. 
ALBERT  S.  GOSS,  Master,  National 
Grange. 

H.  E.  BABCOCK,  President,  National 
Council  of  Farmer  Cooperatives. 

AS  STATED  elsewhere  in  this  issue 
of  American  Agriculturist,  Presi¬ 
dent  Roosevelt,  in  his  recent  Fireside 
Talk  over  the  radio,  put  most  of  the 
blame  for  the  rising  prices  on  farmers, 
and  stated  most  emphatically  that 
farm  prices  must  be  controlled.  Then 
he  added  incidentally  that  wages  should 
be  regulated  also. 

The  President,  other  officials,  and 
unfair  magazines  like  Life  and  Time, 
in  criticizing  farmers  and  farm  prices, 
lose  sight  of  the  fundamental  fact  that 
food  is  necessary  to  win  the  war.  If 
farmers  cannot  afford  to  hire  labor, 
and  if  they  cannot  get  the  other  costs 
of  production,  there  may  result  the 
greatest  shortage  of  food  this  country 
has  ever  seen,  a  situation  which  cculd 
*ose  the  war  for  America  and  her 
Allies. 

Therefore,  Mr.  H.  E.  Babcock,  Presi¬ 
dent  of  the  National  Council  of  Farmer 
Cooperatives,  and  author  of  Kernels, 
Screenings  &  Chaff  in  American  Agri¬ 
culturist;  Albert  S.  Goss,  Master  of  the 
National  Grange,  and  Edward  A. 
O’Neal,  President  of  the  American 
Farm  Bureau  Federation,  and  other 
farmers,  leaders,  and  some  members 
°f  Congress,  are  to  be  congratulated 
for  their  courage  in  fighting  for  condi- 


c 


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J 


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11 


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this  valuable  free  booklet. 


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must  contain  ample  quantities  of  Riboflavin.  A 
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COMMERCIAL  SOLVENTS 

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f  524)  IQ 


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American  Agriculturist,  September  26,  1942 


THE  FARM  NEWS 

■  "  :rfr 


A.  A.-GRANGE  BREAD 
CONTEST  NEWS 

HOUGH  woman’s  hand  may  be  the 
one  that  “rocks  the  cradle”,  it’s 
not  always  the  one  that  bakes  the  best 
loaf  of  bread!  Proof  of  this  is  the  fact 
that  the  list  of  winners  this  time  in¬ 
cludes  a  Grange  brother,  Mr.  James 
Brewer,  who  carried  off  first  prize  in 
the  bread  contest  held  by  Verona 
Grange,  Oneida  County.  Another 
Grange  brother,  Mr.  Harry  Young-  of 
Warwick,  came  out  second  in  the  con¬ 
test  held  by  Warwick  Grange,  Orange 
County. 

Reports  from  S.  &  H.  Committee 
chairmen  in  charge  of  the  bread  con¬ 
tests  include  the  following  interesting 
bits  of  news  this  time: 

“We  held  our  bread  contest  and  annual 
Grange  picnic  at  the  same  time,  and  took 
advantage  of  the  occasion  to  honor  two 
draftees  who  are  to  leave  soon  for  the 
Army.”  —  Mrs.  Jessie  Hayes,  Lotville 
Friendship  Grange,  Fulton  County. 

“We  had  a  hot  dog  roast  in  connection 
with  our  bread  contest,  and  used  our 
bread  for  rolls.  We  had  a  grand  time.” 
—Mrs.  Marjorie  Lee,  Crum  Creek,  Fulton 
County. 

“Our  winner,  Lora  Foote,  is  17  years 
old,  the  youngest  member  of  our  Grange. 
She  comes  from  a  family  of  good  bread 
bakers.”  —  Mrs.  Milo  Karker,  Summit 
Grange,  Schoharie  County. 

“Mrs.  T.  R.  Bryant,  Home  Bureau 
Foods  leader,  gave  a  brief  but  interest¬ 
ing  talk  at  our  bread  contest  meeting,  on 
what  causes  success  or  failure  in  mak¬ 
ing  bread.” — Mrs.  B.  D.  Lapham,  Mace- 
don  Grange,  Wayne  County. 

“A  mother  and  daughter  won  the  first 
two  prizes  in  our  contest.  Mrs.  Pearl 
Betts  was  first  and  her  mother,  Mrs.  Mar¬ 
garet  Borden,  was  second.” — Mrs.  Fred, 
Haner,  Easton  Grange,  Washington  Co. 

“Our  contest  was  held  at  a  very  inter¬ 
esting  meeting,  in  charge  of  our  young 
people.  We  had  six  entries  and  our 
judges  found  it  hard  to  pick  the  winners, 
as  all  of  the  loaves  of  bread  were  excel¬ 
lent.  Refreshments  were  served  to  over 
40  members,  and  we  all  rated  it  an  eve¬ 
ning  well  spent.” — Sister  Myrtle  Murphy , 
Lisbon  Grange,  St.  Lawrence  County. 

“We  sincerely  thank  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  for  again  giving  us  an  opportunity 
to  participate  in  another  contest  in  the 
art  of  good  old  fashioned  home  baking.” 
—Mrs.  Mary  Marsh,  Tyre  City  Grange , 
Seneca  County. 

“We  gave  war  stamps  as  prizes,  and 
also  gave  each  of  the  judges  a  war 
stamp.  At  the  close  of  our  meeting,  we 
served  the  bread  with  dairy  butter  and 
honey  which  was  produced  by  one  of  our 
members,”  —  Chairman  Nellie  Gregory, 
Otego  Valley  Grange,  Otsego  County. 


List  of  recent  Pomona  and  Subordi¬ 
nate  winners  this  time  includes  the 
following : 


Pomona 

Winners 

COUNTY 

GRANGE 

WINNER 

Albany 

Hiawatha 

Mrs.  Minnie  Stanton 

Dutchess 

Red  Hook 

Mrs.  Lee  Husted 

Jefferson 

Champion 

Mrs.  Nellie  Conroy 

Livingston 

Avon 

Mrs.  Stephen  Stoltman 

Yates 

Benton 

Mrs.  Helen  Elling 

Schoharie 

Summit 

Lora  Foote 

Subordinate  Grange  Winners 

Albany 

Helderberg 

Helen  Carlson 

Cayuga 

Sherwood 

Mrs.  James  Ryan 

Chautauqua 

Dewittville 

Ellington 

Viilenova 

Mrs.  Edith  Munson 

Mrs.  Hoffman  A.  Colburn 
Freda  Ivett 

Chemung 

Veteran 

Mrs.  Roy  Hilton 

Chenango 

Coventry 

Otselic  Valley 
Preston 

Mrs.  Gertrude  Ingersoll 
Mrs.  Grace  Huntley 

Mrs.  Jesse  Packer 

Clinton 

Champlain 
West  Chazy 

Mrs.  Irvin  Robinson 

Mrs.  C.  B.  Traynor 

Columbia 

Austerlitz 

Chatham 

Mrs.  Matt  Vincent 

Mrs.  Charlotte  Higgins 

Delaware 

Mundale 

Shavertown 

Utsayantha 

Wawaka 

Mrs.  Floyd  Miller 

Mrs.  Dora  Dibble 

Normina  Buck  Wilson 

Mrs.  Beulah  Adee 

Dutchess 

Pleasant  Valley 
Rhinebeck 

Mrs.  J.  C.  Rossway 

Mrs.  Alice  T.  Coon 

Mrs.  Cecil  Chambers,  of  Rensselaer 
Falls,  N.  Y.,  whose  loaf  of  bread  won 
first  prize  in  the  bread  contest  held  by 
Rensselaer  Falls  Grange,  St.  Lawrence 
County. 


Essex 

Ticonderoga 

Flceta  Catlin 

Franklin 

Burke 

Mrs.  Gordon  Bombard 

Fulton 

Crum  Creek 

Mrs.  Ethel  Reese 

* 

Lotville 

Friendship 

Mrs.  Martha  Lamphere 

Genesee 

Tonawanda 

Valley 

Mrs.  Earl  Bidlack 

Jefferson 

Natural  Bridge 

Iva  Williamson 

Lewis 

Riverbank 

Mrs.  Eva  Walsemann 

Livingston 

Dansville 

Mrs.  David  Kidd 

Springwater 

Mrs.  Charles  Hansen 

Madison 

Morrisville 

Mrs  Jennie  Jenkins 

Monroe 

Honeoye  Falls 

Mrs.  Fred  Sackett 

Mendon 

Mrs.  Edward  Hacloff 

Riga 

Mrs.  Evelyn  Glanzel 

Montgomery 

Glen 

Mrs.  Reinhold  Balfanz 

Niagara 

Gas  port 

Mrs.  Sherman  Silsby 

Oneida 

Verona 

James  Brewer 

Onondaga 

Camillus 

Mrs.  George  Fitzsimmons 

T ully  Valley 

Elizabeth  Unckless 

Ontario 

Academy 

Mrs.  George  S.  Gifford 

Enterprise 

Mrs.  William  Gainey 

Orange 

Warwick 

Mrs.  Alice  M.  Schilling 

Washingtonville 

Mrs.  Carrie  Gately 

Wawayanda 

Mrs.  Alice  Decker 

Oswego 

Pulaski 

Marion  Hollis 

Otsego 

Burlington 

Mrs.  Clyde  Shillieto 

Otego  Valley 

Mrs.  Howard  Hotaling 

Sidney 

Clara  Rathbun 

West  Exeter 

Mrs.  Joanna  Armstrong 

Wharton  Valley 

Adria  Fuller 

Putnam 

Brewster 

Mrs.  Sarah  Rich 

Gleneida 

Clara  L.  Baxter 

Saratoga 

Galway 

Mrs.  Vivian  Drake 

Schenectady 

Duane 

Mrs.  Sarah  Putnam 

Schoh  arie 

Summit 

Lora  Foote 

Schuyler 

Mecklenburg 

Mrs.  Clara  Coats 

Seneca 

Tyre  City 

Mrs.  Louis  Chalker 

Steuben 

Wheeler 

Mrs.  Alice  Congdon  i  . 
Mrs.  Nina  Dillenbeck  i  tle 

St.  Lawrence 

Edwards 

Mrs.  Harry  Webb 

Ft.  Jackson 

Mrs.  Leon  Mearkley 

Lisbon 

Mrs.  H.  M.  Dunn 

Rensselaer  Falls 

Mrs.  Cecil  Chambers 

West  Parishville 

Mrs.  Burnell  Cobane 

Winthrop 

Mrs.  Fred  W.  Crane 

Tioga 

Oakleaf 

Mrs.  Nancy  Davis 

Tompkins 

McLean 

Mrs.  Emmett  Hill 

North  Lansing 

Mrs.  Carrie  Howland 

Washington 

Easton 

Mrs.  Pearl  Betts 

Wayne 

Eureka 

Mrs.  William  Hess 

Maced  on 

Mrs.  Arthur  C.  Lawrence 

Newark 

Mrs.  Harry  Humbert 

Walworth 

Mrs.  Daniel  Dayton 

Wyoming 

Bliss 

Mrs.  Alta  Nelson 

Perry 

Mrs.  George  M.  Pforter 

PAINTING 

WITH  A  SPRAY  GUN 

By  MARIE  CALL 

This  is  a  good  year  to  paint  farm 
buildings.  Right  now,  you  should  have 
no  difficulty  in  getting  paint.  That  may 
not  be  true  next  year  or  the  year  after. 
As  a  matter  of  fact,  many  people  have 
said  that  it  is  not  the  cost  of  the  paint 
so  much  as  it  is  the  cost  of  putting  it 
on  that  holds  up  painting,  but  that  was 
before  you  could  paint  with  a  spray 
gun. 

For  example,  a  new  silo  on  the  farm 
of  William  Segar  of  Newark  Valley, 
New  York,  was  sprayed  with  a  spray 
gun  in  just  three  hours.  Vern  Gage  of 
the  same  place  had  two  coats  put  on 
his  barn.  Ninety-nine  gallons  of  paint 
were  used  to  cover  25,000  square  feet, 
and  it  took  just  95  hours  to  do  the  job. 
If  you  need  further  proof,  the  barns  on 
the  Bostwick  Brothers’  Dairy  Farm 


Albert  Pitcher  of  Owego  paints  the 
house  on  the  farm  of  Irving  Brown  of 
West  Warren,  Pa.  Notice  how  easily 
he  paints  under  the  eaves.  Also  notice 
the  papers  on  the  windows  tvhich  will 
.  keep  the  paint  from  spattering  on  the 
glass. 

near  Owego  were  painted  in  one  day, 
with  the  second  day  spent  in  putting 
on  trim. 

A  good  painter  with  a  brush  can  put 
on  1  or  iy2  gallons  of  paint  in  8  hours, 
while  two  men,  working  with  a  spray 
outfit,  can  put  on  8  gallons  in  the  same 
time. 

A  number  of  New  York  people  have 
had  a  hand  in  developing  spray  paint¬ 
ing.  Professor  Robb  of  the  Agricultur¬ 
al  Engineering  Department  at  the 
State  College  has  done  a  lot  of  work 
in  developing  and  testing  paints. 

The  Federal  Land  Bank  and  the 
Dairymen’s  League  have  been  using 
spray  guns  for  about  ten  years  in 
painting  buildings  owned  by  them. 

Realizing  that  no  person  can  afford 
to  own  a  spray  outfit  for  his  own  build¬ 
ings,  there  are  at  present  at  least  fifty 
cooperatively  owned  spray  outfits  in 


F.  F.  A.  SPEAKING  CONTEST — Front  (left  to  right)  Robert  Mason,  Ontario;  Her¬ 
bert  Wolford,  Berne;  Henry  Grunert,  Lowville;  Albert  Wright,  Homer;  Rear — Law¬ 
rence  Hamilton,  Albion  (the  winner) ;  Ralph  Rounds,  Jamesville ;  Edward  Clark, 
Cattaraugus;  David  Hovey,  Painted  Post  <Retiring  President  of  N.  Y.  Assn,  of  Fu¬ 
ture  Farmers  who  acted  as  Chairman  for  the  contest). 


i  r  r  _  "  ' 

FARM  MACHINERY 
RATIONED 

Effective  September  17,  Secre¬ 
tary  Wickard  ordered  farm  ma¬ 
chinery  and  equipment  in  hands 
of  dealers  “frozen.”  The  equip¬ 
ment  affected  includes:  com¬ 
bines,  corn  pickers,  disc  harrows, 
feed  grinders,  fertilizer,  lime  and 
manure  spreaders,  grain  drills, 
grain  elevators,  hay  balers,  milk 
coolers,  milking  machines,  pick- 
*up  balers,  potato  diggers,  and 
tractors.  Exemptions  include: 
horse-drawn  equipment  not  in¬ 
cluded  in  the  list  and  small  hand 
tools.  The  order  does  not  affect 
the  sale  of  used  equipment  or  re¬ 
pair  parts. 

Most  machinery  not  listed  can 
be  bought  by  certifying  to  the 
dealer  that  it  is  needed  for  cur¬ 
rent  production. 

Rationing  will  be  by  County 
Committees,  made  up  of  the 
Triple  A  Coun^r  Chairman  and 
two  representative  farmers  ap¬ 
pointed  by  the  Coiinty  War 
Board.  Rationed  machinery  can 
be  bought  only  by  a  farmer  hav¬ 
ing  a  certificate  issued  by  the 
County  Rationing  Committee. 


New  York  State. 

There  is  still  time  this  fall  to  paint 
those  buildings,  and  with  the  aid  of  a 
spray  outfit,  to  do  it  in  the  least  pos¬ 
sible  time. 


WGY  Farm 
PROGRAMS  | 

i 


Daily  except  Sunday,  12:31  p.  m.,  N.  Y. 
State  Wholesale  Produce  Markets. 

Daily  exc.  Sat.  and  Sun.,  6:15  p.  m.,  N. 
V.  City  Wholesale  Produce  Market. 

Monday  only,  12:34  p.  m..  Metropolitan 
Milk  Market  Report. 

This  schedule  subject  to  change  without 
notice. 

‘Monday,  September  28th 
12:35 — “What’s  in  a  Bank?”  H.  J, 
Marshall. 

12 :45 — C.  C.  DuMond,  President,  N.Y.S. 
F.B.F. 


Tuesday,  September  29th 
12:35 — “More  and  More  Work  with  Less 
and  Less  Help”,  W.  M.  Curtiss. 

12:45 — Homemaker’s  Council,  “Time  for 
Ourselves.” 


Wednesday,  September  30th 
12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“It’s  No  Longer  ‘First  Come,  First  Serv¬ 
ed’  ”,  Ed  W.  Mitchell. 

12:45 — Countryside  Talk,  H.  B.  Knapp. 

Thursday,  October  1st 
12:35 — “When  Potatoes  Leave  Home”, 
C.  M.  Slack. 

12:45 — Home  Efficient,  “Van  Aernam’s 
Scrapbook.” 

Friday,  October  2nd 
12  :35— FCA. 

12:45 — “Between  You  and  Me”,  H.  R. 
Waugh. 

8:30 — WGY  Farm  Forum. 

Saturday,  October  3rd 
12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “Patches 
in  Polite  Society”,  Dutchess  County,  N. 
Y.,  4-H  Clubs. 

12 :45 — A  Primer  of  dood  Government, 
“The  Health  Officer”,  Schenectady  Po¬ 
mona  Grange. 

Monday,  October  5th 
12:35 — “The  Agricultural  Front”,  J. 
Kendall  McClarren. 

12:45 — “A  Future  Farmer  Wins  an 

Award”,  Future  Farmers,  Hudson,  N.  Y. 

Tuesday,  October  6th 
12:35 — “Wartime  Beekeeping”,  Dr.  E.  J. 
Dyce. 

12:45 — Homemaker  Council,  “Food  or 

Fodder?” 

Wednesday,  October  7th 
12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“The  Mortal  Enemy  of  Milk-borne  Bac¬ 
teria”,  Ed  W.  Mitchell. 

12  :45 — Countryside  Talk 

Thursday,  October  8th 
12:35 — “A  Vermont  County  Meets  the 

Challenge”,  Thomas  Blow,  Agricultural 

Agent. 

12:45 — “Van  Aernam’s  Scrapbook.” 

Friday,  October  9th 
12 :35 — Panel  Discussion — AMA. 

8 :30 — WGY  Farm  Forum. 


Buy  More  War  Bonds 


Anerican  Agriculturist,  September  26,  1942 


•3  (525) 


•4 

Ci 


Masdzet  Ha/ixunete/i 


MILK  PRICES 

NEW  YORK — The  uniform  price  for 
August  milk  in  the  metropolitan  area 
has  been  announced  as  $2.70.  The  price 
for  August  a  year  ago  was  $2.48. 

The  farm  value  of  milk  going  into 
New  York  City  for  the  month  was  over 
$14,500,000.  The  amount  of  milk  in  the 
August  pool  was  515,239,795  lbs.,  com¬ 
pared  with  505,352,556  lbs.  for  the  same 
month  last  year.  Daily  deliveries  per 
farm  in  the  Milk  Shed  this  August  were 
291  lbs.,  compared  with  274  lbs.  a  year 
ago. 

ROCHESTER  —  The  August  uniform 
price  for  the  Rochester  area  is  announc¬ 
ed  as  $2.92  a  hundred  for  3.5  milk,  with 
the  usual  4c  per  point  differential  for 
butterfat.  Administrative  expenses 
were  deducted  to  the  amount  of  2c  a 
hundred. 

BUFFALO — The  uniform  price  for  the 
Buffalo  area  for  August  is  announced 
as  $2.73  for  3.5  milk.  Dairymen  deliv¬ 
ering  direct  to  plants  receive  15c  a 
hundred  additional.  Reductions  for  ad¬ 
ministrative  expenses  are  lc  a  hundred. 
*  *  * 

Milk  production  in  New  York  State 
for  August  is  about  3%  above  August 
a  year  ago.  Cow  numbers  are  about 
the  same  as  a  year  ago,  maybe  a  little 
lower.  Two  factors  responsible  for  the 
increase  were  excellent  pastures  and 
the  heaviest  feeding  of  grain  in  the 
twelve  years  records  have  been  kept. 

Crop  reporters  indicate  that  about 
11%  of  the  hay  acreage  will  not  be 
harvested.  Reasons  are  weather,  short 
supply  of  labor,  low  hay  prices,  and  a 
heavy  crop.  Quality  of  hay  is  estimat¬ 
ed  as  being  about  87%  of  normal.  Only 
67%  of  the  acreage  harvested  was  re¬ 
ported  cut  before  it  was  too  ripe.  It 
is  estimated  that  about  2%  of  the  hay 
acreage  in  dairy  regions  was  put  into 
silos. 

—  A.  A. — 

EGGS 

The  first  week  in  September  the  egg- 
feed  ratio,  as  competed  by  the  State 
Department  of  Agriculture  and  Mar¬ 
kets,  was  5.6.  A  month  ago  it  was 
6.3;  a  year  ago,  6.6.  The  egg-feed 
ratio  is  the  figure  indicating  the  num¬ 
ber  of  dozens  of  eggs  it  takes  to  buy 
a  hundred  pounds  of  poultry  feed. 

New  York  hens  continued  to  produce 
at  a  record  level  during  August,  and 
in  most  other  parts  of  the  country  (ex¬ 
cept  western  states  where  production 
was  11%  below  August  last  year).  For 
the  entire  country,  production  was  up 
13%  above  last  year  and  29%  above 
the  ten-year  average. 

— a.  a. — 

PEACHES 

Growers  are  reporting  a  heavy  de¬ 
mand  for  peaches.  Seneca  County  was 
pretty  well  cleaned  out  by  the  middle 
of  September.  Heaviest  production  is 
tn  Niagara  County,  which  has  y3  of 
the  trees  in  the  state.  The  yield  was 
also  good  in  Orleans,  Monroe,  Wayne 
and  Chautauqua  counties.  Yields  rang¬ 
ed  from  light  to  heavy  in  Ontario, 
Yat^s,  Seneca,  Tompkins,  and  Schuyler. 
Excellent  work  in  moving  the  peach 
crop  was  done  by  the  Western  New 
York  Peach  Committee,  under  the 
chairmanship  of  Frank  Beneway  of 
Ontario,  Wayne  County. 

—a.  a. — 

APPLE  drives 

A  drive  to  increase  apple  consump* 
tion  was  started  September  17  by  the 
New  York-New  England  Apple  Insti¬ 
tute  with  the  cooperation  of  chain 
stores,  newspapers  and  government 


agencies.  Beginning  September  21, 
particular  emphasis  will  be  put  on  the 
sale  of  McIntosh. 

From  October  22  to  31  there  will  be 
another  drive,  tying  in  with  National 
Apple  Week,  dates  of  which  are  Oc¬ 
tober  24  to  30. 

— a.  a. — 

GOOD  NEWS 

Good  news  for  the  Allies  and  bad 
news  for  the  Axis  is  found  in  the  Sep¬ 
tember  1  U.  S.  Crop  Report.  During 
August,  crop  conditions  over  the  coun¬ 
try  improved  about  5%,  and  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  all  crops  is  now  estimated 
as  35%  above  the  average  for  1923-32 
and  12%  above  the  previous  high  rec¬ 
ord. 

CORN.  —  Corn  prospects  improved 
262,000,000  bushels  during  August, 
making  the  total  estimated  crop  3,016,- 
000,000  bushels.  If  the  crop  turns  out 
this  good,  it  will  be  over  3,000,000 
bushels  above  the  previous  record  made 
in  1920. 

WHEAT. — Total  wheat  crop  is  esti¬ 
mated  as  982,000,000  bushels,  exceeded 
only  by  1915. 

OATS. — The  oat  crop  is  expected  to  be 
the  largest  since  1925,  and  the  yield 
per  acre  the  highest  since  1915. 

TOTAL  GRAINS. —  The  total  grain 
crop  is  expected  to  be  153,000,000  tons, 
which  would  exceed  the  previous  rec¬ 
ord  made  in  1920  by  8,000,000  tons. 
BEANS. — During  August,  the  bean 
crop  prospects  increased  1,000,000  bags, 
3,000,000  ahead  of  last  year  and  40% 
ahead  of  any  year  prior  to  1940.  There 
has  been  some  damage  in  New  York 
State  from  the  Mexican  Bean  beetle, 
but  damage  has  been  greater  from 
anthracnose  and  bacterial  blight.  The 
weather  has  been  very  favorable  for 
the  development  of  these  two  troubles. 

FRUIT.  —  Total  production  of  eight 
major  fruits,  excluding  citrus,  is  esti¬ 
mated  at  2%  below  last  year’s  big  crop 
and  6%  above  the  1934-39  average. 
The  citrus  crop  is  good  and  is  expect¬ 
ed  to  more  than  offset  a  slight  reduc¬ 
tion  in  other  fruits. 

VEGETABLES.  —  Tonnage  of  vege¬ 
tables  for  market  is  expected  to  be  5% 
higher  than  the  previous  record  made 
in  1940.  New  records  are  expected  to 
be  set  for  canning  tomatoes,  green 
peas,  sweet  corn,  snap  beans,  and 
limas. 

POTATOES.— There  was  little  change 
in  the  potato  situation  during  August. 
September  1  estimate  is  for  a  total 
crop  of  378,396,000  bushels,  a  slight 
increase  over  the  August  1  figures.  The 
expected  yield  declined  in  New  York, 
Maine  and  Pennsylvania,  but  improved 
in  some  western  states.  Blight  has 
been  quite  prevalent  in  the  Northeast, 
and  some  tubers  are  rotting. 

— a.  a. — 

PRICES 

According  to  the  New  York  State 
Department  of  Agriculture  and  Mar¬ 
kets,  prices  of  farm  products  dropped 
6  points  between  July  15  and  August 
15.  The  August  15  figure  was  149 
(years  1910  to  1914  equal  100),  which 
is  21  points  above  August  a  year  ago 
and  7  points  below  the  1920-1929  aver¬ 
age.  Prices  which  are  still  below  100 
include  barley,  hay,  and  horses.  At 
the  top  of  the  list  are  wool  (selling  at 
200)  and  milk  cows  (212). 

Figures  give  the  comparison  with 
previous  years,  but  are  misleading  to 
the  general  public  because  they  do  not 
include  the  co^t  of  farm  labor  which 
has  increased  much  faster  than  the 


prices  of  farm  products. 

In  1920-1929,  industrial  wage  level 
cached  226;  in  July,  1942,  it  was  314. 
Results,  as  everybody  knows,  are  to 
pull  workers  from  farms  into  industry 
and  to  cause  rapid  rise  in  farm  wage 
rates. 

—  a.  a. — 

FEDERAL  LAW  ON 
USED  POTATO  RAGS 

Northeastern  farmers,  who  are  try¬ 
ing  to  make  all  possible  use  of  second¬ 
hand  potato  bags,  are  meeting  with 
some  difficulties  in  connection  with  the 
federal  food  and  drug  law.  The  fed¬ 
eral  law  requires  that  all  potatoes  ship¬ 
ped  in  interstate  commerce  must  be 
marked  to  indicate  the  product 
(i.e.  potatoes);  the  weight;  and  the 
name  and  address  of  the  packer  or 
shipper,  and  it  prohibits  the  use  of  any 
brand  or  labels  which  are  misleading . 

Many  second-hand  bags  are,  of 
course,'  branded — at  least  on  one  side, 
and  now  of  late  some  bags  are  turning 
up  which  have  been  branded  on  both 
sides.  Obviously  when  these  branded 
bags  are  used  for  a  product,  other  than 
for  which  the  original  brand  was  in¬ 
tended,  they  are  usually  misleading. 
Thus  if  New  Hampshire  spuds  are  put 
up  in  a  bag  marked  “Maine  Potatoes”, 
it  is  a  violation  of  the  federal  law. 

If  the  bag  is  branded  on  only  one 
side  it  can  be  turned  inside  out  for 
second-hand  use.  If  branded  on  both 
sides,  enforcement  officials  advise  pack¬ 
ers  to  paint  out  the  essential  parts  of 
the  old  brand  to  be  on  the  safe  side. 

Wholly  aside  from  the  matter  of  law 
some  large  buyers  also  refuse  to 
handle  misleading  second-hand  packs 
because  they  don’t  want  to  be  involved 
in  what  they  call  misrepresentation. 
All  in  all  it  simmers  down  largely  to 
the  matter  of  intent.  If  a  shipper  turns 
his  bags  or  makes  a  real  effort  to 
paint  out  or  otherwise  obliterate  the 
old  brand  he  should  have  no  trouble 
with  the  law  or  with  the  buyers. — W. 
E.  Piper. 

—  A.  A. — 

HOW  GOES  THE 
1942  DEAN  CROP  ? 

( Continued  from  Page  6) 
mercial  nitrogen  is  essential  to  good 
yields  of  beans  on  fields  which  were 
not  in  a  leguminous  sod  or  which  were 
not  manured  the  year  previous.  This 
is  a  fact  plainly  evident  to  one  who  has 
recently  observed  the  nitrogen-starved 
bean  plants  in  several  counties  of  west¬ 
ern  New  York. 

This  year,  over  twice  as  many  acres 
of  beans  were  entered  for  inspection 
and  certification  as  in  1941.  Exactly 
462  acres  of  seed  beans  have  been  in¬ 
spected  this  year  for  members  of  the 
New  York  Seed  Improvement  Coopera¬ 
tive  Association.  However,  only  two- 
thirds  of  this  acreage  qualified  at  the 
first  field  inspection.  Failure  to  quali¬ 
fy  was  due  mainly  to  mosaic  in  the 
pea  beans  and  to  wet  weather  damage 
in  the  other  varieties.  If  all  of  the 
fields  which  qualified  at  the  field  in¬ 
spection  finally  do  certify,  the  entire 
crop  would  be  sufficient  to  seed  only 
about  10  per  cent  of  the  annual  acre¬ 
age  of  these  varieties.  The  supply  of 
good  seed  for  1943  may  be  far  from 
ample.  Growers  of  Pea,  Yelloweye, 
White  Marrow,  and  White  Kidney 
beans  might  very  well  start  looking 
up  seed  for  next  year  at  once.  Quality 
of  seed  is  not  entirely  a  matter  of  ap¬ 
pearance  in  the  bag.  Neither  is  it  a 
matter  of  searching  for  seed  from 
some  high-yielding  field.  The  common 
practice  of  buying  seed  from  the  local 
dealer  who  has  carefully  saved  it  from 
the  best  crops  grown  by  the  best  grow¬ 
ers  may  have  some  merit.  But  it  is  no 
criterion  of  such  diseases  as  mosaic 
and  blight.  Mosaic  which  is  carried  in 
the  seed  is  not  evident  by  looking  at 
the  seed.  The  very  best  looking  and 


Kraut  in  Barrels 

In  Washington  the  other  day, 
representatives  of  the  Agricul¬ 
tural  Marketing  Association  and 
kraut  manufacturers  agreed  on 
the  following  program : 

A.M.A.  will  subsidize  the  kraut 
packers  to  the  extent  of  $1  a  bar¬ 
rel  if  they  will  pay  producers 
$7.50  a  ton  for  cabbage.  Also  the  . 
A.M.A.  agrees  to  purchase  kraut 
put  up  in  barrels  that  packers 
do  not  market  through  other 
channels.  This  should  stimulate 
kraut  packing.  Packers  have 
been  slow  to  change  over  to  bar-  J 
rels  through  a  fear  that  the  pub¬ 
lic  would  not  accept  the  idea.  I 

^cleanest  Red  Kidney  seed  may  be  bad¬ 
ly  infected  with  bacterial  blight.  Only 
a  careful  examination  of  the  leaves 
and  pods  in  the  field  can  determine 
quality  of  bean  seed.  After  the  crop 
is  threshed,  it  is  too  late.  This  ex¬ 
plains  why  field  inspection  is  an  im¬ 
portant  function  in  the  certification 
service.  This  may  explain  also  why, 
if  you  do  not  plan  to  buy  certified  seed 
for  next  year,  it  might  be  profitable  to 
examine  some  of  the  most  promising 
and  most  disease-free  fields  in  your 
neighborhood  right  away. 

— A.  A.— 

POULTRY  MEAT 
TO  THE  RESCUE 

While  all  signs  point  to  a  record  pro¬ 
duction  of  poultry  for  market,  this 
looks  like  one  threatened  “surplus” 
that  should  not  cause  farmers  any 
worry.  If  ever  there  was  a  year  to 
have  a  big  supply  of  poultry  meat 
available  this  is  it.  Shortages  of  meat 
products  which  may  result  in  strict 
rationing  of  beef  and  other  meats, 
should  have  a  correspondingly  favor¬ 
able  effect  on  the  demand  for  poultry. 
This  increased  demand  ought  to  pre¬ 
vent  any  downward  tendency  to  prices 
that  might  otherwise  result  from  such 
large  supplies  of  poultry  meat. — W.E.P. 

— A.  a. — 

SHORT-SIGHTED 

In  a  recent  statement  on  the  milk 
situation,  John  D.  Miller,  General 
Counsel  of  the  Dairymen’s  League  and 
Past  President  of  the  National  Coun¬ 
cil  of  Farmer  Cooperatives,  states  that 
dealers  are  reaping  the  fruit  of  their 
short-sightedness.  Mr.  Miller  refers  to 
the  “squeeze”  which  is  affecting  deal¬ 
ers  and  which  is  a  result  of  O.P.A. 
ceilings  on  retail  milk  prices,  plus  Fed¬ 
eral-State  Milk  Marketing  Orders 
which  resulted  in  increased  prices  to 
dairymen  on  September  1.  Says  Mr. 
Miller : 

“If  distributors  had  adopted  the  far¬ 
sighted  policy  of  recognizing  the 
necessity  of  farmers  having  strong, 
powerful  cooperatives,  and  had  en¬ 
deavored  to  have  farmers  united  in¬ 
stead  of  divided,  there  would  now  be 
no  federal  or  state  orders  fixing  prices.” 

— a.  a. — 

BAROMETER  READINGS 

Timothy  Seed  Output  Up. — Production 
of  timothy  seed  this  year  in  the  Unit¬ 
ed  States,  estimated  at  1,612,000  bush¬ 
els  (72,540,000  pounds)  is  the  largest 
in  5  years,  but  is  7  per  cent  below  the 
10-year  average  of  1,729,010  bushels. 
The  28  per  cent  increase  over  last 
year’s  production  is  attributed  to  18 
per  cent  more  acres  and  an  8  per  cent 
higher  yield  per  acre. 

More  Spuds  Per  Car. — Maine  potato 
men  are  talking  500  sacks  per  car  load 
this  season  in  place  of  usual  400. 
Move  is  in  response  to  government  ap¬ 
peal  to  make  greatest  possible  use  of 
available  freight  car  space. — W.E.P. 


(526)  12 


American  Agriculturist,  September  26,  1942 


If  Unde  Sam  wants  more  eggs 


Number  one  job  of  America’s 
poultry  industry  today  is  maxi¬ 
mum  egg  and  meat  production. 
Poultrymen.  know  from  experi-  t 
ence  that  the  surest  way  to  get 
best  production  is  to  use  feeds 
containing  maximum  amount  of 
true  Vitamin  A  from  fish  liver  oils 


— plus  alfalfa  and  yellow  corn  of 
highest  possible  carotene  potency. 

That’s  why  they  prefer  feeds 
mixed  with  “Nopco”  Vitamin  A 
and  D  Oils — guaranteed  in  Vita¬ 
min  A  and  D  potency — and  proved 
by  more  than  14  years  of  practical 
farm  use. 


ntc.v.s.fAT.orr. 


Write  today  for  FREE  COPY  of  New  “ Nopco ”  Booklet 
‘Poultry  man’s  Guide  tolncreased  Egg  and  Poultry  Production. 

Address  Dept.  AA-J  _ 


NATIONAL  OIL  PRODUCTS  COMPANY  -  HARRISON,  N.  J. 


Coming  to' 


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To  profit  by  our  guarantee,  be  sure  to 
mention  American  Agriculturist  when  you 
write  to  advertisers. 


osryoy 

MOKE  EGGMOMEY 


POULTRY  WORMING  PAYS 


MORE 


EGGS' 


FREE! 

This  book¬ 
let  shows 
how  to  build 
modern,  im¬ 
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Shows  structural 
details. 


Housing  your  hens  in  a  comfortable,  sani¬ 
tary,  rat-proof  concrete  poultry  house  is  9 
good  way  to  insure  bigger  egg  production. 
When  built  of  concrete  a  poultry  house  will 
last  a  lifetime  and  its  modest  first  cost  will 
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Long-lasting  concrete  is  the  thrifty  ma¬ 
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that  help  you  raise  more  needed  foodstuffs. 

Send  today  for  “how  to  build”  booklets. 
You  can  build  with  concrete,  or  ask  your 
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contractors. 


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Get  genuine  Dr.  Salsbury’s  Rota-Caps  at 
once!  If  there’s  no  Dr.  Salsbury  dealer 
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N.  J. 


1 


and  STAY  OUT 

That’s  what  our  "No  Trespassing” 
signs  say  for  you.  You  can’t  patrol 
every  foot  of  your  line  fence  day  and 
night.  And  you  can’t  be  on  all  sides 
at  the  same  time.  So 


I - n 

I  PORTLAND  CEMENT  ASSOCIATION 

Dept.  K9d-1, 347  Madison  Ave.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

|  □  Please  send  me  free  booklet,  " Improved  J 
|  Poultry  Housing  with  Concrete .” 

>  □  Also  booklet  on _ I 

(name  other  improvements  such  as  feeding: 
floors,  milk  houses,  dairy  barn  floors,  etc.) 

j  Name _  J 

J  P.O _ R.R.No _  | 

I^Sfafe _ _ _ _ —  j 


Post  Your  Farm 

with  our  “No  Trespassing”  signs,  print¬ 
ed  on  heavy  fabric  (12"xl2")  that 
will  withstand  wind  and  weather. 

Price  WITHOUT  Name  and  Address 
$1.00  per  doz. ;  $3.50  per  50:  $6.50  per  100 
Price  WITH  NAME  and  Address 
$3.00  per  doz.;  $5.50  per  50:  $8.50  per  100 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 

10  N.  Cherry  St..  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

I _ 


Until  recently,  the  sheep  shared  the  range  with  the  birds,  but  now  Mr.  Day  thinks 
a  better  plan  is  to  alternate  sheep  and  pullets. 


Sheep  Improve 
A  Poultry  Pasture 


APOULTRYMAN,  all  too  frequently, 
is  a  fellow  who  does  not  thorough¬ 
ly  aporeciate  what  a  marvelous  grass 
country  the  northeastern  states  con¬ 
stitute.  Grass  need  not  be  for  the 
cows  alone.  It  can  be  a  storehouse  of 
protein  and  vitamins  and  extra  vitality 
for  pullets  and  a  resource  for  a  sizable 
increase  in  net  profits  for  their  owners. 
Better  grass  makes  better  layers. 

Men  whose  word  is  accepted  say  that 
the  pullet  grain  bill  for  several  months 
can  be  cut  15  to  20  per  cent  by  the 
rather  simple  expedient  of  providing 
the  birds  with  all  the  good  grass  they 
want  to  eat,  maintaining  the  correct 
grass-feed  intake.  And  among  poul¬ 
trymen  who  are  experts  at  grass-feed¬ 
ing  chickens,  there  is  a  strong  leaning 
toward  legumes — Ladino  clover  more 
than  anything  else. 

How  Sheep  Help 

And  a  few  poultrymen  —  possibly 
with  a  soft  spot  for  livestock,  too  — 
let  their  pullets  mix  it  up  with  a  few 
sheep.  Otis  Day  of  Westford,  Massa¬ 
chusetts,  does  just  that.  Says  he  came 
by  the  sheep  about  10  years  ago  as  an 
economical  way  of  cleaning  up  weeds 
and  brush.  And  the  sheep  have  stay¬ 
ed  on,  now  working  over  the  ranges  in 
rotation  with  the  chickens.  In  other 
years  the  pullets  and  sheep  ran  togeth¬ 
er,  but  Mr.  Day  gave  up  that  practice. 
Mr.  Day  has  25  ewes  and  35  lambs — 
good  Cheviots  they  are,  too.  Sheep  help 
develop  a  poultry  range  by  eating  down 
the  growth  uniformly,  with  the  result 
that  a  strong,  lawn-like  sod  is  estab¬ 
lished.  A  sheep-grazed  range  doesn’t 
have  so  many  “patchy”  spots  —  some 
used  too  much,  some  too  little.  As 
sheep  graze  a  range  they  contribute  to 
good  management  by  eating  off  rough 
spots  left  by  poultry,  thus  encourag¬ 
ing  an  even  renewal  growth  of  tender, 
palatable  grass  which  the  pullets  rel¬ 
ish. 

Otis  Day  has  some  of  the  finest 
poultry  range  in  his  section.  Some 
years  back  it  was  seeded  to  a  pasture 
mixture  and  today  Kentucky  bluegrass 
and  meadow  fescue  dominate  the 
growth. 

With  50  acres  of  rang©  available  for 
the  chickens  and  sheep,  the  Day  pul¬ 
lets  are  never  without  adequate  green 
feed,  nor  is  crowding  ever  a  problem. 
He  does  not  have  a  rigid  rotational 
plan,  but  ordinarily  shifts  are  made 
every  two  years. 

Otis  Day  ranges  about  10,000  pullets 
a  year  and  feels  that  good  range  con¬ 
tributes  not  a  little  to  the  excellent 
reputation  his  Rhode  Island  Red  flock 
maintains. 


Talk  with  the  men  who  have  good 
poultry  ranges  and  you  will  find  proof 
aplenty  that  to  them  grass  is  a  re¬ 
source  well  worth  going  at  least  50-50 
with.  Often  they  have  taken  carefully 
selected  mixtures  and  given  them  the 
advantage  of  a  good  seedbed  on  well- 
fertilized  soil.  After  getting  a  sod  well 
established  they  have  followed  through 
with  subsequent  annual  fertilizer  ap¬ 
plications  to  take  care  of  phosphorus 
and  potash  needs  and  with  manage¬ 
ment  which  prevented  localized  areas 
from  being  eaten  and  trampled  to 
death. 

In  reviewing  the  advantages  of  good 
poultry  range,  the  saving  on  your  grain 
bill  of  course  stands  out.  To  reduce 
it  by  as  much  as  20  per  cent  is  to  take 
a  big  load  off^our  shoulders  just  at 
that  season  when  it  seems  everything 
is  going  out  and  nothing  coming  in. 
That  saving  comes  largely  from  the 
protein  content  of  grass.  Protein  is 
the  expensive  part  of  your  purchased 
grain  feed.  Protein  runs  into  dollars 
fast  —  going  out  if  you  buy  it,  or  com¬ 
ing  in  if  you  grow  it. 

Pullets  developed  on  good  range 
stand  up  well  in  heavy  production. 
Grass  furnishes  several  vitamins  eS“ 
sential  to  growth  and  vitality. 

Fertilizing  the  Range 

And  now  a  final  word  on  the  seed¬ 
ing  and  fertilizing  of  the  poultry 
range.  You  can  find  many  grass  mix¬ 
tures  recommended  —  and  ranges  to 
prove  any  of  the  recommendations. 
While  there  seems  no  strict  rule  in  the 
matter,  there  is  evident  a  general  lik¬ 
ing  for  Ladino  clover.  Good  results 
could  be  expected  from  a  grass  seed 


HELPFUL 

I  have  your  issue  of  September 
12  at  hand,  and  am  glad  to  see 
another  article  on  the  subject  of 
poultry  by  our  friend  L.  E. 
Weaver.  To  my  mind,  he  always 
writes  something  which  can  ap¬ 
ply  to  the  average  farm  flock  and 
which  is  of  much  help  if  one  will 
only  take  time  to  read  it  and  get 
the  good  from  it.  Here  is  hop¬ 
ing  that  Mr.  Weaver  remains  in 
the  poultry  work  and  that  we 
may  see  an  article  each  issue 
from  him  as  it  is  time  well  spent 
to  read  and  reread  them.  I  have 
a  number  of  his  items  laid  away 
in  my  poultry  scrapbook  and 
turn  to  them  from  time  to  time. 
— L.  W.,  New  York. 


13  (52T) 


V 

American  Agriculturist,  September  26,  1942 


mixture  containing  two  pounds  of  La- 
dino  in  each  20  pounds  for  seeding  one 
acre. 

The  nitrogen  needs  of  range  are 
mostly  met  from  droppings.  An  0-20- 
20  fertilizer  will  meet  the  potash  and 
phosphorus  requirements  economically. 
Lime  should  be  supplied  with  as  much 
care  as  fertilizer.  Growing  birds  need 
much  calcium  for  bone  development. 
Lime  feeds  calcium  to  the  grass  and 
the  grass  furnishes  it  to  your  pullets. 

Put  more  grass  under  your  birds  and 
they  will  put  a  fatter  wallet  under  your 
pillow!  And  remember  that  one  acre 
properly  care  for  can  make  enough 
grass  to  keep  ahead  of  a  thousand  vig¬ 
orous  pullets.  It’s  been  done. — Picture 
and  Story  Reprinted  by  permission  of 
Eastern  States  Cooperator. 

— a.  a. — 

QUARANTINE 

This  is  the  time  of  year  when  many 
poultrymen  are  buying  pullets.  Re¬ 
gardless  of  how  healthy  they  may  ap¬ 
pear,  there  is  always  a  possibility  that 
some  of  them  may  be  disease-carriers. 


Buying  pullets  and  putting  them  right 
in  with  your  own  hens  may  result  in 
a  disease  outbreak.  There  is  just  one 
way  to  avoid  this — namely,  to  keep 
the  pullets  separate  for  a  week  or  ten 
days  and  put  three  or  four  of  your 
own  flock  in  with  them.  Mark  your 
own  birds  and  watch  them.  If  they 
get  sick,  it  is  not  safe  to  mix  the  pur¬ 
chased  birds  with  your  own. 

— a.  a. — 

MILLET 

Is  millet  a  suitable  grain  for  poultry? 

The  seeds  are  too  small  to  use  in  a 
scratch  feed.  However  millet  seed  is 
palatable  and  the  analysis  is  similar 
to  that  of  other  grains.  Some  poul¬ 
trymen  feed  millet  by  mixing  •  it  in 
with  the  mash  and  report  good  results. 

— a.  a. — 

HEAVY  OATS 

What  percentage  of  oats  is  it  safe  to 
feed  in  a  scratch  feed? 

Light  weight  oats  should  not  be  fed 
at  all  because  the  percentage  of  fiber 
is  too  high.  Heavy  oats  can  be  fed  up 
to  30%  of  the  grain  mixture. 


How  to  Take  Care  of  Electric  Motors 

( Continued  from  Page  3) 


ation  at  the  same  time  they  may  easily 
overload  the  circuits.  It  is  sometimes 
difficult  for  an  inexperienced  person 
to  detect  low  voltage  conditions.  A  good 
indication,  however,  is  a  noticeable  and 
continued  dimming  of  the  lights  when 
some  additional  load  is  turned  on.  Most 
power  companies  will  send  a  man  out 
on  request  to  check  the  voltage.  The 
voltage  should  be  checked  during  a 
time  when  the  load  is  likely  to  be 
heaviest. 

The  ultimate  remedy  for  such  low 


should  be  flooded  do  not  try  to  start 
it  until  it  has  been  thoroughly  dried 
out. 

(c)  Ventilation.  Be  sure  that  air  can 
circulate  freely  around  a  motor.  If  a 
motor  is  installed  in  a  small  tight  com¬ 
partment  or  even  in  a  very  small  room 
the  air  surrounding  the  motor  may  be¬ 
come  too  hot  for  cooling. 

(d)  Voltage  connections.  When  in¬ 
stalling  a  new  motor  or  reconnecting 
one  which  has  been  removed  be  sure 
that  it  is  connected  to  the  proper  volt- 


LEFT:  High  mica  on  a  commutator.  CENTER:  Commutator  after  turning  down. 
RIGHT:  Mica  under-cut.  If  the  mica  in  the  commutator  was  under-cut  before  turning 
down,  it  should  be  under-cut  after  turning  as  shown  here. 


them  with 

Dr.  Safsbury's 

Be  sure  your  flock  is  up  to  par  .  .  .  getting  the 
most  out  of  feed  .  .  .  producing  all  the  eggs  they 
can!  Mix  Dr.  Salsbury's  AVI-TAB  with  their  feed 
.  .  .  the  ideal  conditioner  for  run-down  flocks.  Note 
how  your  flock  responds  when  given  feed  fortified 
with  AVI-TAB  .  .  .  redder  combs  and  wattles,  more 
vitality,  better  appetites,  thriftier,  lay  better! 

TRY  THIS  TEN-DAY  TREATMENT 

Avi-Tab  contains  nine  drugs  .  .  .  tonics,  stimulants* 
correctives!  So  give  your  birds  feed  fortified  with  Avi- 
Tab  for  ten  days  each  month.  Note  the  result!  Use  hi 
lb.  of  Avi-Tab  per  100  lbs.  of  mash  (XA  lb.,  if  also  using 
100  lbs.  of  grain).  Or  ask  your  dealer  for  feed  already 
fortified  with  Avi-Tab.  It  also  pays  to  use  Avi-Tab 
after  worming;  gives  birds  added  pep. 

Ingredients  with  an  inhibiting  effect  on  fungi  and 
mold  organisms,  plus  results  obtained  by  users,  justify 
the  use  of  Avi-Tab  in  the  treatment  of  Mycosis  and 
similar  diseases  in  birds  of  all  ages. 

ACTUAL  USERS  TELL  OF  RESULTS  WITH  AVI-TAB 

based  entirely  on  their  own  experience  .  .  .  original 
letters  in  our  files.  Of  course,  all  these  results  cannot 
be  expected  under  all  conditions.  Users  say:  “Wonder¬ 
ful  results  when  flocks  are  run  down”  .  .  .  “Splendid  in 
treatment  of  Mycosis”^  .  .  .  “Increased  egg  production” 
.  .  “Increase  in  fertility”  .  .  .  “Higher  hatchability” 
.  .  .  “Chicks  have  better  livability.”  .  .  . 

So  get  genuine  Dr.  Salsbury’s  Avi-Tab!  A  product 
of  Dr.  Salsbury  scientific  research.  Note  special  offer 
below.  Dr.  Salsbury’s  Laboratories,  Charles  City,  Iowa. 

FREE  ! 

"ROLL-RITE"  GLASS  ROLLING  PIN 

Be  sure  of  tender,  flaky  pie  crusts  and 
pastries  with  this  full-sized,  glass  rolling 
pin!  Endorsed  by  professional  chefs.  Can 
be  filled  with  cold  water  to  keep  dough 
chilled  before  baking. 

While  quantities  last,  your  Dr.  Salsbury 
dealer  has  these  dandy  rolling  pins  packed 
with  1  lb.  of  Avi-Tab.  You  pay  only  the 
regular  price  for  Avi-Tab;  the  handy  roll¬ 
ing  pin  is  yours  free! 

See  your  Dr.  Salsbury  dealer  at  once! 

DR.SALSBURY' 


A 


r*a 


voltage  conditions  is  to  install  larger 
wires  to  and  in  the  buildings.  A  tem¬ 
porary  remedy  is  to  see  that  only  a 
part  of  the  electrical  load  is  turned  on 
at  any  one  time.  For  example,  the  milk 
cooler  and  water  heater  could  be  turn¬ 
ed  off  while  the  milking  machine  is  in 
operation. 

7.  Keep  the  proper  tension  on  the 
belt. 

If  a  belt  is  too  tight,  it  will  cause 
excessive  wear  on  bearings,  if  too  loose, 
it  will  slip  and  cause  excessive  wear 
on  the  belt.  V  belts  need  not  be  as 
tight  as  flat  belts.  Also  the  pulleys 
should  be  in  line  so  that  the  belt  runs 
straight. 

8.  Miscellaneous. 

(a)  Bearings.  If  bearings  become 
worn,  the  rotor  of  the  motor  may  be 
pulled  out  of  line  by  the  belt  and  caused 
to  drag  on  the  inside  of  the  frame. 
This  extra  friction  may  overload  or 
stall  the  motor.  Bearings  should  be  in¬ 
spected  occasionally  for  wear.  A  good 
time  to  do  this  is  just  before  the  motor 
is  taken  apart  for  cleaning.  Pull  back 
and  forth  on  the  pulley  end  of  the  shaft 
in  line  with  the  belt.  If  the  bearing  is 
worn  the  shaft  will  chuck  in  the  bear¬ 
ing.  End  play  in  the  shaft  does  no 
harm,  in  fact  most  motor  rotors  have 
considerable  end  play. 

(b)  Moisture  is  a  natural  enemy  of 
Motors.  Avoid  installing  motors  in 
<kJhp  places  if  possible.  If  a  motor 


age  and  the  proper  kind  of  current. 
Some  motors  are  built  to  operate  on 
either  110  or  220  volts. 

(e)  Radio  interference.  If  a  motor 
which  normally  does  not  give  radio  in¬ 
terference  should  develop  such  inter¬ 
ference  look  for  loose  connections  in 
switch,  fuse,  splices  or  starting 
mechanism.  Also  inspect  grounding 
connection  because  static  electricity 
may  be  generated  by  the  belt  and  un¬ 
less  this  is  led  off  to  the  ground'  it 
very  likely  will  cause  noises  in  the 
radio. 

(f)  Shock.  If  a  shock  is  received 
when  touching  the  motor  the  field 
windings  are  probably  grounded.  Have 
this  checked  and  repaired  by  a  motor 
repair  man. 

(g)  Burned  out  motors.  In  case  a 
motor  burns  out  take  it  to  a  compet¬ 
ent  motor  repair  man  for  rewinding. 
He  may,  for  a  time  at  least,  have  a 
supply  of  wire  on  hand  for  this  purpose. 
The  job  is  too  complicated  for  an 
amateur,  or  even  some  mechanics,  to 
undertake  successfully. 

(h)  Cords.  Keep  the’  cords  on  motors 
in  good  repair.  Do  not  use  small  lamp 
cords  to  supply  motors  of  Ys  horse¬ 
power  or  larger.  The  larger  the  motor 
the  larger  the  wires  in  the  cord  should 
be.  Small  cord  wires  often  cause  a  ser¬ 
ious  voltage  drop. 

Bear  in  mind  that  an  electric  motor 
is  a  tireless,  highly  efficient  and 
thoroughly  dependable  servant.  The 
better  you  treat  it  the  longer  it  will 
last. 


KERR 

CHICKS 

LIVE 


2M?CKER,ES 


Carl  Johnson,  Rural,  Somers,  Conn. 


Get  the 

'BLACK 
LEAF  40 


Don’t  worry  about  lice 
and  feather  mites.  “Black  Leaf  40” 
controls  them. 


"Cap  Brush"  Saves  Money 

Our  “Cap  Brush”  spreads  “Black  Leaf 
40”evenly  on  the  roost  and  does  an  elji- 
cieht  job.Saves  money.  Ask  your  dealer 
for  the“Cap  Brush”and  full  directions. 


Insist  on  Original  Factory  Sealed 
Packages  for  Full  Strength  «i5 


Tobacco  By-Products 
&  Chemical  Corp., 
Incorporated 

Louisville,  Kentucky 


Hatches  Mon.-Tues. -Wed. -Thurs.  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ $9.00  $16.00  $3.00 

11  lack,  or  White  Minorcas _  9.00  16.00  3.00 

15.  &  W.  Box,  R.  I.  Reds,  W.  Wy.-IO.OO  13.00  10.00 

Red-Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross__l0.00  13.00  1  0.00 

Jersey  White  Giants _ 12.00  15.00  12.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  ( AAA  SU P.) _  12.00  16.00  10.00 

H  Mix  $9;  HEAVY  BROILER  CHIX,  no  sex  guar. , 
$8.50:  Breeders  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D.,  100  %  live 
del.  Post  Pd.  AMER.  SEXORS  ONLY  95%  Accuracy. 


C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY.  Box  A.  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


TOLMAN’S  p»  ROCKS 

Baby  Chicks  $ 12.00  per  lOO 

All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100%  State 
Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube  Agglut.  TOLMAN’S  ROCKS 
famous  for  Rapid  Growth,  Early  Maturity,  Profitable 
Egg  Yield.  Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters 
or  market  eggs.  Send  for  FREE  circular.  I  Specialize 
—  One  Breed,  One  Grade  at  One  Price. 

JOSEPH  TOLMAN,  Dept.  B,  ROCKLAND,  MASS. 


CLEAR  SPRING  CHICKS 


—  - 

*- - ‘  100%  live  del.  100  100  100 

Our  Famous  Hanson  Leghorns _ $10.00  $17.00  $4.00 

Large  Type  English  Leghorns -  9.00  16.00  4.00 

Bar.  Rocks  &  R.  I.  Reds -  10.00  12.00  10.00 

W.  Rox,  N.  H.  Reds.  Red-Rock  Cr._l  1.00  13.00  11.00 

Heavy  Mixed  -  9.00  i__  9.00 

All  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Postpaid.  1942  Catalog  FREE. 

CLEAR  SPRING  HATCHERY, 

F  B.  LEISTER,  Owner,  Box  51,  McAlisterville.  Pa. 

l 


ULSH  FARMS  CHICKS 

All  Breeders  carefully  culled  and  Bloodtested.  Order 
direct.  Satisfaction  and  safe  arrival  Guar.  Cat.  Free. 
Shipments  Mon.  &  Thurs.  —  Unsexed,  Pullets,  Cock’t3 
Postage  Paid.  Will  Ship  C.O.D.  per  100  per  100  per  100 
Large  Grade  A  White  Leghorns__$9.50  $16.00  $5.(50 

Barred,  White  and  Buff  Rocks _  9.50  12.00  10.50 

R.  1.  Reds.  New  Hampshires _  9.50  12.00  10.50 

Red-Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross _  9.50  12.00  10.50 

Heavy  Broilers  of  above  Breeds,  Sex  Guar.  $8.00-100. 

Sexing  Guaranteed  95%  correct.  Our  2flth  Year. 
ULSH  POULTRY  FARM,  Box  A,  Port  Trworton.  Pa. 


-4 


(528)  14 


Anerican  Agriculturist,  September  26,  1942 


NoAtheciAt  Mabketi  jjOA  NoAMveciAt  P^aduceAl 


ff American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page 


99 


HOLSTEIN 


TRY  “WAIT  FARMS”  FIRST 

for  your  next  Herd  Sire.  We  specialize  on  Type  and 
Production.  2  Gold  Medal  Herd  Sires,  2  Silver  Medal. 
Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  THAEUB^T  GARYMS’ 


ORCHARD  HILL  STOCK  FARM 

offers  for  sale  Carnation  bred  bulls  of  excellent  type 
from  high  producing  dams  and  sired  by 
Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

M.  R.  Klock  &  Son,  Fort  Plain,  N.  Y. 
Holstein  Ball  Calves,  for  sale  or  lease. 

sons  of  Commodore  Constance.  Dam  K.O.I.  Pauline 
made  lb.»  lbs.  fat.  28079  lbs.  milk:  was  N.  Y.  State 
Champion.  Out  of  high  producing,  excellent  type  dams 
backed  by  4%  test  dams.  At  farmers’  prices.  PAUL 
STERUSKY.  Sunnyhlll  Dairy  Farm.  Little  Falls.  N.  Y. 


For  Sale:  REGISTERED  HOLSTEINS 

Will  sell  30  head.  Your  choice  of  115.  Herd  average 
3.75%  fat  last  eighteen  months.  Many  splendid  fami¬ 
lies  that  combine  show  quality  with  high  production. 
Some  high  quality  young  bulls,  excellent  show  prospects. 
PAUL  SMITH,  NEWARK  VALLEY.  NEW  YORK. 


ALL  AGES,  BY  EXTRA 
WELL  BRED  SIRES,  FROM 
COWS  WITH  GOOD  C.T.A. 
RECORDS. 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 


BULLS 


HIGH  GRADE  DAIRY  COWS 

AND  FIRST  CALF  HEIFERS, 
HOLSTEINS  AND  GUERNSEYS. 
BLOODTESTED. 

Frank  W.  Arnold,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 


SEVERAL  FINE  T.B.  AND  BANG  ACCREDITED 

PUREBRED  HOLSTEIN  HEIFERS 

due  to  freshen  from  Oct.  to  Feb.  Two  second  calf  heif¬ 
ers  due  Nov.  One  well  bred  Holstein  bull,  age  8  mos. 

Howard  Samuels,  Dunraven,  N.  Y. 


GUERNSEY 


Tarbell 

Guernsey 

Farms 

Smithville 
Flafc,  N.Y. 


365  HEAD  FEDERAL 
ACCREDITED  NEGATIVE 

FOR  SALE:  Young  bulls  and  a  few 
heifer  calves  closely  related  to  Tarbell 
Farms  Peerless  Margo.  18501  lbs.  Milk, 
1013  lbs.  Fat.  World’s  Champion  Jr. 
3  year  old.  also  to  Tarbell  Farms  Royal 
Lenda  20508  lbs.  Milk,  1109  lbs.  Fat, 
World’s  Champion  Jr.  4  year  old. 
Visitors  Welcome.  Full  information 
furnished  on  request. 


For  Sale:  Registered  Guernsey  Bulls. 

READY  FOR  SERVICE.  FROM  600  LB.  DAMS. 
FEW  HEIFERS  UNDER  ONE  YEAR. 

Price  reasonable  (a  good  time  to  bu*)- 

Lake  Delaware  Farms,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 


JERSEYS 


FOB  SAFE— A  Production  Bred 

REGISTERED  JERSEY  BULL 

Born  June  I,  1941.  Sired  by  a  3  star  bull  and  from 
an  outstanding  cow,  a  daughter  of  a  proven  sire,  which 
has  produced  100,515  lbs.  milk  and  4699  lbs.  fat  in 
10  lactation  periods.  Long  life  and  high  production 
mean  extra  profit.  Full  information  on  request. 
HERD  ACCREDITED  AND  NEGATIVE. 

CARL  W.  MILLER, 

Arcade,  New  York 


SHORTHORNS 


CEDAR  FARM 

Will  sell  a  few  bred  SHORTHORN  COWS  and  HEIF¬ 
ERS.  Daughters  and  granddaughters  of 
Raveni  Masterpiece.  Write 

CEDAR  FARM,  Box  125,  OVID,  N.  Y. 


AYRSHIRE 


Registered  Ayrshire  Bull  Calves 

several  are  out  of  400  lb.  dams  and  are  sired  by 
outstanding  herd  sires. 

Write  for  sale  list,  priced  to  sell. 

Gould  Dale  Farm,  South  Kortright,  N.Y. 

Clyde  L.  Braley,  R-4,  Auburn.  Me. 

FOR  SALE:  In  one  lot — twenty  fall  freshening  register¬ 
ed  AYRSH I  RES.  T.B.  and  N.  Y.  S.  blood-tested. 
Produce  over  40  lbs.,  test  average  4%.  Sell  separately 
I  yr.  8  mo.  bull,  Iroquois  Royal  Duke,  grandson  of 
Lyonstone  Douglas.  Dam,  Iroquois  Sally  Castle. 

BURR  0.  STEWART,  depo£,dt.  V  y. 

HAIRY  CATTLE 


COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEINS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 


ARERDEEN-ANGUS 
REPEATER  OF  WHEATLAND  9th, 

FIRST  PRIZE  BULL  IOWA.  IND.,  MO.,  KANS., 
FT.  WORTH  AND  N.  Y.  STATE  FAIRS 
heads  the  herd.  _One  outstanding  II  months  old  bull 
calf  and  four  1942  spring  bull  calves,  all  sired  by 
above  bgll,  for  sale. 

ONE  AGED  SHROPSHIRE  RAM. 
CERTIFIED  LENROC  SEED  OATS. 

CLAYTON  C.  TAYLOR, 

LAWTONS,  NEW  YORK 


_ SWINE _ 

Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 

REG.  HAMPSHIRE  PIGS 

READY  FOR  SEPT.  AND  OCT.  SHIPMENT. 
EITHER  SEX  — DOUBLE  VACCINATED. 

D.  L.  Stumbo,  Hemlock,  N.  Y. 


SHEEP 

PLEASANT  RIDGE  STOCK  FARM 

are  offering  the  best  lot  of  one  and  two  year  rams. 
Shropshires,  Southdowns,  Dorsets.  Rambouillets,  Chevi¬ 
ots,  Suffolk  and  Hampshires.  Thanks  for  past  patronage. 

G.  D.  &  B.  S.  Townsend,  interiaRken%.  y. 
Pure  Bred  Rams  of  Service  Age: 

4  HAMPSHIRES,  2  SOUTHDOWNS, 

1  OXFORD,  4  DORSETS. 

A.  W.  HILLIS,  Charlotteville,  N.  Y. 
SHROPSHIRES 

Offering  high  quality  registered  yearling  rams  and  ewes 
sired  by  Iroquois  Augustus,  First  and  Champion  Aged 
Ram  1936  lnfernational. 

L.  F.  CUTHBERT,  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y. 

FOR  SALE  AT  FARMERS’  PRICES 
Hampshire  and  Leicester  Rams  and 
,  ram  lambs. 

Address 

W.  S.  ROBINSON,  Richfleld  RSpDr-in^,  n,  Y. 

KARAKULS  — ONE  YOUNG  EWE, 

BEAUTIFUL  YOUNG  BUCK,  REGISTERED. 
Reasonable  if  taken  soon. 

MRS.  JAMES  WINNE,  altarmonn0t-.  V  y. 


MISC.  LIVESTOCK 

HORSES,  COWS  &  HEIFERS 
FOR  SALE. 

300  HEAD.  MOSTLY  FALL  COWS.  TWO  CARLOADS 
FANCY  FIRST  CALF  HOLSTEIN  AND  GUERNSEY 
HEIFERS. 

50  BELGIAN  HORSES.  One  carload  just  arrived  from 
Iowa.  Excellent  teams  and  singles.  Also  some  excep¬ 
tionally  nice  mares. 

FARMERS’  PRICES.  FREE  DELIVERY. 

GLADSTONE  BROTHERS, 


PHONE  36, 


ANDES.  NEW  YORK 


DOGS 


PUPPIES  —  FREE  DETAILS 

ST.  BERNARDS  — ALL  BREEDS—  DETAI LS  FREE! 
BOOK  108  COLORED  PICTURES.  DESCRIPTIONS 
RECOGNIZED  BREEDS,  35c. 

ROYAL  KENNELS,  R.  3,  CHAZY,  N.  Y. 

A  NUMBER  ONE 

COON  HOUND  FOR  SALE 

Black  and  tan,  open  trailer. 

Erwin  R.  Clapp, 


SHERBURNE,  N:  Y. 
R.D.  I. 


SEEDS 


CERTIFIED  YORKWIN  WHEAT 

Highest  yielding  white  variety. 

Best  for  milling. 

CERTIFIED  NURED  WHEAT 

Highest  yielding  red  variety. 

Best  for  feeding. 

SEND  FOR  PRICES. 

Harwood  Martin,  Honeoye  Falls,  N.  Y. 
CERTIFIED  NURED  WHEAT 

A  fine  new  kind  of  red  seed  wheat  mostly  for  poultry 
feeding.  High  in  yield.  Also  YORKWIN  wheat,  a 
white  variety.  Place  your  order  with  us  while  the  sup¬ 
ply  of  seed  lasts. 

JERRY  A.  SMITH  &  SONS,  LUDLOWVILLE,  N.  v. 


MBHMh 


toentA/ 


Cattle  Sales  ^ 

Sept.  26  Faughan  River  Farm  Jersey  Sale,  Marl- 

ton.  N.  J. 

Sept.  26  Foremost  Guernsey  Sale,  Hopewell  Junc¬ 
tion,  N.  Y. 

Sept.  28  Dutchess  County,  N.  Y.  Aberdeen-Angus 
Breeders'  Sale.  Pine  Plains,  N.  Y. 

Sept.  28  Mason-Garfield  Jersey  Sale,  Concord,  Mass. 

Sept.  29  Vermont  Jersey  Cattle  Club  Sale.  Fair¬ 

grounds,  Hartland,  Vt. 

Sept.  30  Harry  Staley  Dispersal  of  Ayrshire  Cows 

and  Bred  Heifers.  Walkerville,  Md. 

Sept.  30  llth  Maryland  Fall  Holstein  Sale,  Mc- 

Donogh  School,  McDonogh,  Md. 

Oct.  3  Eastern  Brown  Swiss  Breeders’  Sale.  Earl- 

vi lie.  N.  Y. 

Oct.  3  New  York  Federation  Ayrshire  Production 

Sale,  Cobleskill 

Oct.  5  New  England  Guernsey  Sale  at  Ard-Nay- 

Clachan  Farm,  Shrewsbury,  Mass. 

Oct.  6  Topsfleld  Guernsey  Sale,  Topsfleld,  Mass. 

Oct.  6  Vermont  Ayrshire  Club  Sale.  Brandon. 

Oct.  6  New  England  Guernsey  Sale,  Worcester 

Fair  Grounds,  Worcester,  Mass. 

Oct.  8  Ballard  Farm  Holstein  Dispersal,  Troy,  Pa. 

Oct.  9  Eastern  Guernsey  Sale,  Doylcstown,  Pa. 

Oct.  10  New  Jersey  State  Guernsey  Sale,  Trenton. 

Oct.  21  27th  Annual  Allegany-Steuben  Holstein 

Club  Sale.  Hornell,  N.  Y. 

Oct.  22  Annual  Fall  Holstein  Sale,  New  England 

Holstein  Association,  Northampton,  Mass. 

Oct.  28  Allegany-Steuben  Ayrshire  Club  Auction 

Sale,  Hornell,  N.  Y. 

Oct.  31  Horst-Williams  Ayrshire  Sale,  Jacob  Horst 

Farm,  Route  3,  Lititz,  Pa. 

Coming  Events 

Oct.  3  Fall  Meeting  of  New  Jersey  Guernsey 

Breeders  Association,  Trenton,  New  Jersey. 

Oct.  4-10  National  Fire  Prevention  Week. 

Oct.  30-31  Annual  Meeting  of  International  Ass’n.  of 

Milk  Sanitarians.  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Nov.  11-19  National  Grange,  Spokane.  Washington. 

Dec.  7-9  Annual  Convention  of  National  Vegetable 

Growers’  Ass’n.  of  America,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Dec.  8-11  New  York  State  Grange,  Syracuse. 


HONEY 


HONEY 


60  LBS.  BEST  CLOVER,  *8.40; 
Buckwheat,  $7.20.  Not  prepaid. 
SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED 

F.  W.  LESSER,  FAYETTEVILLE,  N.  Y. 


PrPCPrvP  Fruit  lhe  besV  North  Coun*r? 

r  reserve  iiuii  clover  honey.  Canning  pamphlet 
with  every  order.  5  lbs.,  $1.25;  six  5  lb.  pails,  $6.60; 
60  lbs.,  $9.00.  Prepaid  in  third  zone. 

St.  Lawrence  River  Valley  Apiaries, 

LISBON,  NEW  YORK. 


POULTRY 


ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS.  REDS.  ROCK-RED  CROSS. 

WHITE  ROCKS  — “They  Satisfy.” 

Pullorum  free,  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  details. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER.  Box  C.  GALLUPVILLE,  N.  Y. 


The  McGregor  farm 


S.  C.  White  Leghorns  —50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 
THE  McGREGOR  FARM.  Box  A,  MAINE.  N.  Y. 


CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 


Walter  Rich’s 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS.  NEW  HAMPSHIRES. 
BARRED  ROCKS  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  All  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
F.older  and  Prices. 

WILLIAM  S.  MAPES,  Mtddirwn%.  y 


PULLETS  FOR  SALE 

LEGHORNS  —  REDS  —  ROCK- REDS 
ALSO  YEARLING  HENS. 

HIGH  PRODUCING.  HEALTHY  STOCK. 

M.  E.  SMITH,  MIDDLESEX,  N.  Y. 


POULTRY 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS,  R.  I.  REDS.  NEW 
F^AMPSH  IRES.  BARRED  CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


Rich  Poultry  Farms 


9400 

LAYERS 


Trapnested  and 

Progeny  Tested  EX.  e  CIS 


Leghorns 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS. 

Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de- 
scribes  our  method  of  growing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 
EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

YOUNG  BREEDING  COCKERELS. 
CERTIFIED  WONG  WINTER  BARLEY. 
CERTIFIED  NU  RED  WHEAT. 

James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  Trumans°bXurgA- n,  y, 

BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  II.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926-  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
List  describing  our  Leghorns,  Reds,  and 
crossbreds. 

Eli  H.  Bodine,  Box  28,  Chemung,  N.  Y. 


USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT 

FOR  SALE  — 

De  Laval  Cream  Separator  No.  22. 

ORIGINAL  COST  $217.50.  ELECTRIC  MOTOR, 
VOLTS  110,  CYCLE  60.  ALL  IN  GOOD  CON¬ 
DITION  AND  READY  TO  OPERATE.  $100  CASH. 

J.  R.  LOOMIS, 

Box  720,  Glens  Falls,  N.  Y. 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 


FARM  FOR  SALE— 150  ACRES 

Schonectady  County.  12  miles  from  Schenectady::  22 
miles  from  Albany:  U.  S.  Route  20;  150  acres — dwelling 
and  farm  buildings;  concrete  stable  20  cows.  Running 
spring  water.  Price  $3600.00.  Address 
ROOM  314,  COURT  HOUSE,  SCHENECTADY.  N.  Y. 

70  Acres,  Bldgs.,  Pond;  $600  Down 

On  improved  highway,  2  miles  to  small  city  or  beau¬ 
tiful  river,  40  minutes  to  big  industrial  city;  attractive 
6  rooms,  electricity,  lovely  shade  and  views  from  the 
1100  ft.  elevation,  40-ft.  basement  barn,  etc.;  about 
60  acres  tillable,  spring,  creek  and  pond  water  the  pas¬ 
ture.  10  acres  wooded;  owner’s  other  interests  need  his 
attention,  $1850;  see  picture  pg.  33  Big  Catalog. 
Write  for  free  Copy. 

STROUT  REALTY 

255-R  Fourth  Ave.,  New  York  City 

MUST  SELL  TO  SETTLE  AN  ESTATE, 

A  LARGE  AND  VERY  PRODUCTIVE  SCHOHARIE 
RIVERSIDE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY  FARM. 

WALLACE  H.  SIDNEY,  c-n^'SK.  „.v. 


HELP  WANTED 


WANTED 


Man  for  Profitable  Rawleigh  Ronte. 

MUST  BE  SATISFIED  WITH  GOOD  LIVING 
AT  START. 

Write  RAWLEIGH’S,  al^ymneWagyRobk 


OPPORTUNITY  IN  CONNECTICUT 
MEDICAL  INSTITUTION 

employing  several  hundred  college  and  high  senool 
graduates  who  have  an  interest  in  medical  care,  or  in 
education,  psychology,  sociology,  fine  arts  or  eventually 
nursing  as  a  career.  You  can  render  real  service  in 
educational  environment  and  at  the  same  time  develop 
own  personality  and  resourcefulness.  Full  maintenance 
and  $50  to  $60  per  month  during  six  months'  training 
period  with  salary  increases  and  promotional  possi¬ 
bilities.  Highest  personnel  standards  being  maintained. 
BOX  514-P,  American  Agriculturist,  Ithaca,  N.  V 

DAIRY  HERD  IMPROVEMENT  AS¬ 
SOCIATION  SUPERVISORS 

Women  and  men.  eighteen  years  of  age  or  over  with 
farm  experience  preferred.  Training  school  November 
9  to  21.  Animal  Husbandry  Building,  Ithaca.  N.  y. 

FARMHAND  — ON  MODERN  DAIRY  FARM. 
Single.  Year-round  employment  to  good  man  interesteo 
in  herd  improvement  and  crop  development.  Draft  de¬ 
ferment  probable.  Best  food.  Shower  and  toilet.  Every 
second  Sunday  off.  $55.00  per  month  and  up.  State 
age,  height,  weight,  religion,  education,  experience. 

P.  0.  BOX  1032,  TRENTON,  NEW  JERSEY. 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

rhis  classified  page  is  for  the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications: 
LIVESTOCK— Cattle.  Swine.  Sheep.  Horses,  Dogs,  Rabbits,  Goats.  Mink,  Ferrets:  FARM  PRODUCE — Field 
Seeds,  Hay  and  Straw,  Maple  Syrup,  Honey.  Pop  Com,  Miscellaneous;  POULTRY— Breeding  Stock,  Hatching  Eggs: 
EMPLOYMENT — Help  Wanted.  Situation  Wanted:  FARM  REAL  ESTATE — Farms  for  Sale.  Farms  Wanted’ 
USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT— For  Sale.  Wanted. 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers’  classified  advertising  rates.  Tw> 
advertising  space  units  are  offered  as  follows:  space  one  inch  deeo  one  column  wide  at  $6.00  per  issue  ™ 
6pace  one-half  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.00  per  issue.  Copy  must  be  received  at  American  Agriculturist- 
Advertising  Dept.,  Box  514.  Ithaca.  N.  Y.,  11  days  before  publication  date.  No  Baby  Chick  advertising  wjr 
cepted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows:  Jan.  3.  17,  31:  Feb.  14.  28:  Mar.  14,  28;  April  ■‘p 
May  9.  23;  June  6.  20:  July  A.  18;  Aub-  I.  15,  29;  Sept  12.  26;  Oct  10,  24;  Nov.  7.  21:  Dec.  5. 


American  Agriculturist,  September  26,  1942 


15  (529) 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


I  HAVE  asked  a  good  many  livestock 
men  what  they  think  of  our  livestock 
and  meat  situation.  Here  are  the  re¬ 
sults  : 

1.  They  were  unanimously  opposed  to 
price  dictation  as  a  permanent  govern¬ 
ment  function. 

2.  Most  were  not  opposed  to  some 
temporary  price  restrictions. 

3.  All  felt  that  these  are  deeply  criti¬ 
cal  times  for  our  industry. 

4.  They  were  all  willing  and  anxious 
to  meet  a  possible  threat  of  inflation 
by  patriotic  endeavor,  even  on  a  legis¬ 
lative  basis  if  one  hundred  per  cent  co¬ 
operative  between  labor,  agriculture 
and  industry. 

5-  All  were  jittery  about  live  stock 
prices,  but  most  seemed  to  feel  that 
prices  will  not  gy  lower,  and  over  half 
figured  that  live  stock  would  go  higher 
no  matter  what  is  done. 

6-  Democrats  and  Republicans  were 
agreed  that  the  live  stock  price  situa¬ 
tion  has  been  badly  bungled.  General¬ 
ly,  the  Republicans  wanted  it  thrown 
out  entirely,  and  the  Democrats  want¬ 
ed  it  changed. 

7.  None  expressed  any  fear  of  a  ruin¬ 
ous  inflation,  most  expressing  the  be¬ 
lief  that,  with  encouragement,  livestock 
production  was  never  in  a  better  posi¬ 
tion  for  a  real  and  rapid  expansion, 
and  that  this  in  itself  would  prevent 
runaway  prices. 

8-  There  was  fear  expressed  generally 
that  to  save  a  raise  of  a  few  cents  in 
the  cost  of  living,  we  were  in  danger 
of  cutting  production  to  a  dangerous 
point. 

9.  All  were  at  least  skeptical  enough 
to  market  their  own  live  stock  too 
soon  or  too  early.  (One  hundred  million 
hogs  can  easily  produce  no  more  pork 


Annual  Eastern  N.Y. 
Consignment  Sale 

50  Purebred  Registered  Holsteins 

SATURDAY,  OCT.  10,  1:00  P.  M. 

RHINEBECK,  N.  Y. 
(Dutchess  County  Fair  Grounds) 

THE  4th  ANNUAL  EVENT  CONDUCTED  BY 
THE  EASTERN  NEW  YORK  HOLSTEI  N  CLUB 
44  fresh  or  very  nearby;  22  first  and  second 
calf  heifers;  22  young  heavy  milking  cows;  6 
young  bulls  of  best  blood  lines.  C.T.A.  and 
Herd  records  up  t0  600  lbs.  A  500  lb.  2-year- 
old  and  other  high  records. 

Here  you  can  buy  heavy  production,  high  test, 
excellent  udders  and  good  type.  T.B.,  blood 
tested  and  mastitis  charts. 

COME  AND  BUY  AT  RHINEBECK,  OCT.  10th 
THIS  IS  AN  ANNUAL  EVENT. 
LUNCH  SERVED.  WRITE  FOR  CATALOG. 

Paul  Erwin,  Mgr.,  New  Paltz,  N.Y. 

It.  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 
Auctioneer,  Mexico,  N.  Y. 


SWINE 


PIGS 


Sale 


w - FOR 

prepare(l  to  fill  orders  for  pigs,  CHESTER  At 
?ERKr^L£R0SSED'  or  BERKSHIRE  &  CHES- 
niH  t.,C.R0SSED  ~  5  weeks  old  $6.75;  6  to  7  weeks 
WerkP'  ?  ?  weeks  old,  $7.50.  Limited  number  of  10 

7  !,8xtl;a  sized  pigs  at  $8  ea.  CHESTER  WHITES, 
o  8  wks.  old,  $7.50.  Will  ship  2  or  more  C.O.D. 

A.  M.  LUX  FARM  206  Washington  st.! 

^  1  WOBURN,  MASS. 

PIGS  and  SHOATS 


p  FOR  SALE 

andT1h?,ty?ur  f.amily’s  meat  supply.  Buy  pigs  to  fatt 
m  Febniary.  Get  them  started  befc 
fh™r;  them  weigh  200  lbs.  by  February.  Puiai 

1,5  B(Aks-  auri  cross  ureas.  6  weeks,  $6.50  eac 
$11  eaM,'  10  weeks>  $8  =  12  weeks,  40  to  50  lb 
'  prated,  castrated,  serum  vaccinated.  Bree 
-rs.  Si  each  extra.  Mail  order  to 

c-  STANLEY  SHORT,  Cheswold,  D« 


Walter  Lux,  Tel.  0086,  Woburn,  Mass. 

CHESTER  &  YORKSHIRE  CROSS,  BERKSHIRE  & 
6  *„  ,  ,  CHESTER  CROSS  PIGS, 

earh •  old,  $6.50  each;  8  to  10  weeks  old,  $7.00 

stock’  12  weeks  old,  $8.00  each.  All  large  type 

If  tw,  ,p  2  or  more  C.O.D.  Cheek  or  money  order. 
ney  P'Sase  you  keep  them,  if  not  return  them. 


products  than  eighty  million  hogs,  if 
the  one  hundred  million  are  marketed 
light.  This  is  already  happening  with 
cattle  and  is  going  to  create  a  real  beef 
shortage  in  spite  of  numbers,  unless 
something  is  done  soon.) 

1  O-  All  agreed  that  present  price  reg¬ 
ulations  have  failed,  not  only  because 
they  have  not  been  applied  to  labor  and 
everything  else,  but  also  because  food 
is  not  an  industrial  product,  and  can¬ 
not  be  handled  in  the  same  way  as 
machine-made,  non-perishable  goods. 
This  has  been  the  basis  of  price  regu¬ 
lation  on  meats  up  to  the  present  time. 
1  1 .  All  pointed  out  that  all  animal 
products  are  processed  and  distributed 
by  other  interests;  that  these  interests 
have  been  taking  an  unfair  advantage, 
and  too  great  a  proportion  of  costs  out 
for  their  services,  and  that  until  the 
distributors  and  marketers,  both  whole¬ 
sale  and  retail,  are  curbed,  no  price 
enforcement  can  be  expected  to  work 
equitably  or  even  work  at  all. 

12.  No  one  understood  what  the  Presi¬ 
dent  meant  by  saying  he  would  “stabi¬ 
lize”  labor  wages,  but  “control”  farm 
prices. 

13-  Each  individual  had  his  own  defi¬ 
nition  of  “parity”,  but  all  felt  that  un¬ 
til  it  is  figured  to  include  labor  costs 
it  has  no  meaning  and  can  be  juggled 
by  any  political  group  to  suit  its  fancy. 
1  4.  All  feared  that  livestock  ceilings, 
to  be  effective,  would  have  to  include 
feeder  stock,  which  then  would  have 
to  include  feed  costs,  feeds,  shelter,  and 
so  on,  without  end. 

1  5.  Every  one  of  these  men  knew  that 
the  Government  itself  is  the  greatest 
purchaser,  and  therefore  can  make 
prices  higher  or  lower  by  coming  in  or 
staying  out  of  the  market,  and  there¬ 
fore  can  have  control  anyway. 

1 6-  All  thought  that  everything 
should  be  done  to  increase  production, 
instead  of  rationing,  price  strangula¬ 
tion,  and  drafting  farm  help,  with  in¬ 
evitable  loss  in  production. 

The  value  of  group  opinion  may  be 
questioned  right  now,  but  personally  I 
feel  that  it  can  never  be  questioned  in 
this  country.  We  should  all  express 
ourselves  where  it  will  do  the  most 
good,  i.  e.  in  WASHINGTON.  Write, 
wire,  or  in  some  way  get  your  thought'* 
and  opinions  down  there  to  someone. 

Our  livestock  industry  is  under  fire 
and  needs  your  support. 

Qo4AifL  Ifia+n  the 

^bcusuf,  Bg/ui 

HEIFERS  —  Evidence  that  there  is  a 
distinct  relation  between  the  size  of  a 
cow  and  her  production  is  accumulat¬ 
ing  every  day.  The  way  to  get  size  in 
a  heifer  is  to  grow  her  right.  Briefly, 
this  depends  on  crossing  off  the  pas¬ 
ture  as  an  important  source  of  feed 


until  the  heifer  is  at  least  a  year  old, 
and  giving  her  liberal  quantities  of  the 
best  hay  you  have,  plus  adequate 
amounts  of  a  good  growing  ration. 

More  and  more  dairymen  are  not 
stanchioning  heifers  during  the  winter, 
but  are  allowing  them  to  run  loose  in 
a  basement  or  some  other  suitable 
place. 

DRY  COWS — It  is  often  said  that  lib¬ 
eral  feeding  of  a  cow  when  she  is  dry 
will  add  more  to  the  yearly  milk  pro¬ 
duction  than  feed  given  when  she  is 
producing.  The  dry  period  is  the  time 
for  putting  on  a  bit  of  flesh  and  build¬ 
ing  up  the  cow’s  body  to  stand  the  or¬ 
deal  of  heavy  production. 

Frequently  cows  produce  so  persis¬ 
tently  that  difficulty  is  reported  in 
drying  them  off.  The  best  way  to  dry 
off  a  cow  is  to  cut  down  on  her  ration, 
even  to  the  point  of  giving  her  hay 
only.  Restrict  the  amount  of  water  she 
gets,  and  stop  milking  her.  Of  course, 
you  have  to  watch  the  cow  and  milk 
her  if  the  udder  becomes  congested, 
but  usually  it  is  not  necessary  to  do 
this  more  than  two  or  three  times. 

As  soon  as  she  is  dry,  she  can  be 
put  on  a  fitting  ration.  She  will  make 
profitable  use  of  from  4  to  10  lbs.  a 
day  of  fitting  ration,  depending  on 
whether  she  is  thin  or  in  reasonably 
good  condition. 

MILKING  —  Based  on  recent  experi¬ 
ments,  there  is  no  question  but  that  on 
the  average  milking  machines  have 
been  left  on  cows  too  long.  Some  time 
ago  the  Geneva  Experiment  Station 
suggested  having  a  little  bell  on  the 
machine  which  would  ring  at  the  end 
of  five  minutes.  Certainly  five  minutes 
are  as  long  as  any  machine  should 
stay  on  a  cow,  and  in  some  cases  three 
and  a  half  minutes  are  enough.  Try  it 
and  see  if  it  doesn’t  save  time  and 
leave  the  cows’  udders  in  better  con¬ 
dition. 

—  a.  a. — 

BROWN  SWISS 
BREEDERS  SALE  OCT.  3 

Some  of  the  best  blood-lines  of  the 
Brown  Swiss  breed  will  enter  the  sales 
ring  on  October  3,  when  the  Eastern 
Brown  Swiss  Breeders’  Association 
stages  its  fourth  annual  sale  at  Earl- 
ville,  Madison  County,  N.  Y.  R.  Aus¬ 
tin  Backus,  who  is  managing  the  sale, 
writes  that  the  Brown  Swiss  men  ex¬ 
pect  to  put  fifty  head  of  choice  cattle 
in  the  ring,  selections  having  been 
made  from  outstanding  herds  of  the 
East,  many  of  them  nationally  famous. 
Selections  have  been  made  by  Prof. 
Harrison  of  Cornell  and  a  sales  com¬ 
mittee  consisting  of  George  DeVoe, 
Judd’s  Bridge  Farm,  New  Milford, 
Conn.,  and  H.  C.  Magnussen,  Wal- 
halla  Farms,  Rexford,  N.  Y. 


Roger  Bradley  of  Kings  Ferry,  Cayuga  County,  New  York,  and  the  Aberdeen-Angus 
steer  judged  Grand  Champion  at  the  New  York  State  Junior  Fair  at  Cortland. 


75  Registered 

Holsteins  at  AUCTION 

Monday,  September  28 
PAUL  STERUSKY  FARM 

I  mile  north  of  Little  Falls,  Herkimer  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  on  Route  170. 

All  T.  B.  Accredited  and  blood  tested,  some 
negative  from  calfhood  vaccination.  Rich  in 
Ormsby  and  Carnation  breeding.  Sale  held  in 
tent  and  starts  at  10  A.  M. 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 

Sales  Manager,  Mexico,  N.  Y. 


Famous  John  F.  Cobry 
Holstein  herd  of  35 
head  sells  at  auction 

Thursday,  October  1 

SALE  STARTS  AT  12:30  P.  M. 
at  his  farm  5 '/2  mile.s  east  of  Arcade,  N.  Y.  on 
Route  39  T.  B.  Accredited  and  negative.  This 
famous  herd  has  averaged  over  500  lbs.  of  fat 
for  past  4  years,  2  time  milking.  It  includes  8 
daughters  and  many  granddaughters  of  the  4% 
and  highest  index  bull  of  New  York  State.  Royal 
Colantha  Wayne.  Many  fresh  or  soon  due. 

Send  for  yodr  catalog  on  the  dispersal  of  this 
nationally  known  herd. 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 

Sales  Manager,  Mexico,  N.  Y. 


J.  T.  Reagan  Complete  Dispersal 

35  REGISTERED 
HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

Friday,  October  2 

at  the  farm  under  cover  at  1:00  P.  M.  2(4 
miles  south  of  Marcellus,  Onondaga  County,  4 
miles  east  of  Skaneateles,  I  mile  north  of 
Route  20.  ^ 

Herd  T.  B.  Accredited  and  twice  negative.  Rich 
■in  the  blood  of  Cornell  University’s  best  pro- 
ducers,  Winterthur  breeding  and  Osborndale 
breeding:  in  favorable  stages  of  lactation,  ex¬ 
cellent  flesh.  Bred  to  produce  well,  and  will. 
It’s  your  opportunity. 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 

Sales  Manager,  Mexico,  N.  Y. 


FOURTH  ANNUAL 

EASTERN  BROWN  SWISS 

BREEDERS’  SALE 

IN  THE  SALE  PAVILION 

Earlville,  Madison  County ,  N.  Y. 
SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  3,  1942 

An  offering  of  50  registered  Brown  Swiss  Cattle,  select¬ 
ed  by  Prof.  Harrison  of  Cornell,  bulls,  cows,  and  young 
stock,  mi  foundation  material.  Consignments  include 
selections  from  such  nationally  famous  Brown  Swiss 
breeding  herds  as  Judd’s  Bridge,  Lee’s  Hill,  Walhaila, 
V.  L.  Zoller,  Forest  Farms,  J.  B.  Harris,  Mt.  Auburn, 
Weldon  Bros.,  and  other  outstanding  eastern  herds. 
All  animals  TB  accredited  and  negative  to  the  blood 
test,  a  number  eligible  to  go  anywhere. 

SALE  STARTS  II  A.  M.— LUNCHES  SERVED. 

For  catalog,  write  to 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS,  Mexico,  N.  Y. 


148th  Earlville 

C  O  I  A  WEDNESDAY, 
vfllu  OCTOBER  7 

Sale  held  at 

EARLVILLE,  MADISON  Co.,  N.Y. 

125  Registered  Holstein  Cattle — T.  B.  Accredit¬ 
ed  and  negative  to  blood  test.  One  buyer  at  a 
recent  Earlville  Sale  took  $8900  worth  after  buy. 
ing  a  sample  lot  of  $3000  worth  the  month 
before.  It’s  an  opportune  place  to  buy  animals 
of  all  ages,  fresh  and  close  springers,  service 
age  and  younger  bulls.  Write  for  more  details. 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 

Sales  Manager,  Mexico,  N.  Y. 


Ballard  Farm  Consignment  Sale 
at  the  Ben  Ballard  &  Son  farm  near 
Troy,  Bradford  Co.,  Pa. 

50  REGISTERED 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THURSDAY,  OCTOBER  8 

T  .B.  Accredited,  Bang  Certified.  A  select  of¬ 
fering  including  4-500  lb.  fat  cows  from  the 
Ballard  herd,  several  400  lb.  2-year-olds.. 
CONSIGNMENTS  from  the  herd  of  C.  S.  Chaf¬ 
fee,  R.  G.  Williams,  T.  M.  Watts,  A.  S.  Hal- 
lock,  0.  G.  Anderson  &  Son.  The  latter  is  the 
dispersal  of  the  milking  animals.  Sale  starts 
at  12:30,  lunch  served,  held  in  a  tent.  Send 
for  catalog  to 

BEN  BALLARD, 

Sales  Manager,  Troy,  Pa. 


Clifford  A.  Abbott,  Whitesville,  N.  Y. 


(530)  1© 


Pillsbury’s  Best  Flour  and 
other  Pillsbury  products 
now  carry  “Thrift  Stars”  which  can  be 
used  to  obtain  valuable  premiums.  De¬ 
tails  are  given  in  the  recipe  folder  which 
you  will  find  in  Pillsbury  flour  bags,  or 
you  can  write  to  PILLSBURY  FLOUR 
MILLS,  Department  S’-3S,  Minneapolis, 
Minnesota,  for  a  new  premium  catalog. 

JELLY:  This  is  jelly  making  time — 

- -  that  is,  if  you  can  manage 

thq  sweetening.  CERTO,  Department 
942-D,  Battle  Creek,  Michigan,  will  glad¬ 
ly  send  you  a  Certo  folder  on  request. 
Certo  suggests  using  light  corn  syrup  as 
a  substitute  for  part  of  the  sugar. 

Dirty  or  worn  spark  plugs 
cut  tractor  power.  Wherever 
you  see  a  sign  carrying  the  words  "“Reg¬ 
istered  AC  Spark  Plug  Cleaning  Station”, 
you  can  get  spark  plugs  cleaned  and  ad¬ 
justed  to  increase  power  and  save  fuel. 

COMPRESSION:  °ne  wa^  t0  ?et 

-t—  more  power 
from  a  tractor  is  to  install  high  altitude 
pistons  and  use  a  better  grade  of  fuel. 
Directions  for  doing  this  job  are  avail¬ 
able  from  the  AGRICULTURAL  DI¬ 
VISION,  ETHYL  CORPORATION,  Chrys¬ 
ler  Building,  New  York  City. 

THE  "WORKS”:  Tractors  are  so 

well  construct¬ 
ed  these  days  that  a  child  can  operate 
them.  However,  to  get  long  life  and  effi¬ 
cient  service,  the  operator  should  know 
their  insides.  The  GULF  FARM  AIDS, 
Room  3800,  Gulf  Building,  Pittsburgh, 
Pa.,  you  can  get,  without  cost,  a  60-page 
tractor  manual.  When  writing,  tell  them 
the  type  of  tractor  you  own. 

THE  OLIVER  FARM  EQUIPMENT 
COMPANY,  400  W.  Madison  Ave.,  Chi¬ 
cago,  Illinois,  was  one  of  the  first  con¬ 
cerns  to  use  the  new  utility  loader  which 
eliminates  much  of  the  damage  some¬ 
times  suffered  in  railroad  transportation. 


This  truck  owned  by  C.  W.  Jones  of 
Ithaca,  Route  3  is  the  1361th  to  be  pledg¬ 
ed  by  farmers  under  Community  Trans¬ 
portation  Service  sponsored  by  G.  L.  F. 
These  trucks,  averaging  6-ton  capacity 
have  been  pledged  “to  serve  the  war¬ 
time  needs  of  agriculture”  by  keeping 
farm  supplies  rolling  to  the  farm  and 
farm  products  rolling  to  market.  Trucks 
have  been  pledged  in  more  than  380  com¬ 
munities  in  New  York,  New  Jersey,  and 
northern  Pennsylvania  and  all  told  they 
have  a  carrying  capacity  equal  to  that 
of  a  freight  train  two  miles  long.  Mr. 
Jones  operates  the  Town  Line  Stock 
Farn\  and  looking  on  as  he  affixes  the 
pledge  is  his  farm  dog  Ren. 


The  utility  loader  is  a  device  installed  in 
boxcars  which  braces  goods  in  transit  and 
enables  them  to  be  packed  with  the 
smallest  possible  waste  of  space. 


CONFERENCE  STUDIES  MARKETING  PROBLEMS 


A  statewide  conference  of  growers,  agricultural  leaders,  chain  food  distributors 
and  consumer  groups  discussed  war-time  marketing  problems  of  New  York  state’s 
fresh  fruits  and  vegetables  growers  in  a  day-long  session  at  the  State  College  of 
Agriculture,  Saturday,  August  32.  The  result  was  the  designation  of  the  college’s 
existing  marketing  committee  as  a  policy  committee  to  coordinate  efforts  to  solve 
the  problems.  Above,  L.  R.  Simons  of  Cornell  (seated,  left)  welcomes  H.  J.  Wil¬ 
liams,  of  Rochester,  vice-president  of  the  A  &  P  Tea  Company’s  produce-buying 
affiliate,  the  Atlantic  Commission  Company,  to  the  meeting.  Roy  Porter  (standing, 
left),  prominent  Elba  grower  who  presided,  and  Mrs.  A.  J.  Pratt,  of  Buffalo,  repre¬ 
senting  the  Congress  of  Parent  Teachers  Associations,  look  on. 


American  Agriculturist,  September  26,  1942 


Editor  of  the  National  Grange 
Monthly  and  High  Priest  of  De¬ 
meter  of  the  National  Grange. 


JUNIN’IS.  One  the  largest  subordi¬ 
nate  Grange  units  in  New 
England  is  Topsham  in  Maine,  which 
has  the  reputation  for  about  the  liveli¬ 
est  meetings  of  any  Grange  in  that 
section  of  the  state.  Recently  one  of 
its  features  has  been  special  nights, 
when  different  groups  have  been  in 
charge  of  the  programs — young  people 
one  night,  married  folks  another  and 
“old-timers”  a  third.  A  similar  pro¬ 
gram  plan  will  be  followed  during  the 
coming  season.  This  is  the  home  su¬ 
bordinate  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edwin  C. 
Patten,  both  of  whom  worked  untir¬ 
ingly  for  the  good  of  the  Order.  Mr. 
Patten,  whose  death  occurred  last  No¬ 
vember,  was  for  several  years  overseer 
of  the  Maine  State  Grange. 

*  *  *  * 

A  group  of  Grange  women  in  Maria- 
ville  Grange  in  Hancock  County, 
Maine,  although  only  a  few  in  number, 
and  organized  several  months  ago,  has 
done  a  remarkable  stunt  in  raising 
money  for  the  Grange  treasury.  Al¬ 
ready  this  group  has  made  several 
monthly  payments  of  $14  each  on  the 
new  furnace  in  the  hall;  has  purchas¬ 
ed  a  considerable  quantity  of  dishes 
and  other  necessary  articles  of  kitchen 
and  dining  room  equipment;  and  has 
turned  over  $55  in  cash  to  general 
Grange  funds.  Another  group  in  the 
same  subordinate,  by  serving  suppers 
and  holding  a  dance  every  Saturday 
night  for  five  weeks,  turned  in  a  net 
profit  of  $275. 

CONNECTICUT:  Juvenile  Grange 

*  boys  and  girls 

show  much  originality  in  their  money¬ 
raising  plans,  and  it  has  remained  for 
these  young  Grangers  in  the  state  of 
Connecticut  to  devise  a  new  one. 
Through  the  Home  Economics  Com¬ 
mittee  of  the  Connecticut  State  Grange 
the  Juveniles  have  been  busy  the  past 
season  collecting  canceled  postage 
stamps,  for  which  a  fairly  good  paying 
market  in  New  York  City  was  found. 
The  state  committee  supervised  the 
project  and  the  Juveniles  rolled  up  the 
amazing  quantity  of  more  than  60 
pounds  of  canceled  stamps,  which  rep¬ 
resented  collection  in  the  greater  part 
of  the  towns  and  cities  of  the  state. 
From  one  Grange  alone  came  30 
pounds.  Nobody  counted  the  stamps, 
but  judging  from  the  weight  of  a  single 
one,  the  total  surely  ran  high  into  the 
thousands. 

NEW  YORK:  Grange  members 

in  New  York  State 
were  pained  to  learn  of  the  death  of 
Mrs.  Frank  J.  Riley  of  Sennett,  wife 
of  the  former  state  secretary.  Mrs. 
Riley  had  not  only  been  constantly  ac¬ 
tive  in  Grange  affairs,  but  she  was 
identified  with  many  church  and  civic 
groups  in  her  own  vicinity  and  was  a 
willing  worker  for  everything  that  built 
better  community  life.  She  had  at¬ 
tended  a  great  many  sessions  of  the 
New  York  State  Grange  and  was  ex¬ 
ceedingly  popular  because  of  her 
charming  personality  and  her  earnest 
efforts  in  every  line  of  cooperation. 


Grange  of  the  county  he  has  missed 
only  11  of  its  monthly  meetings.  Mr. 
Mealio,  whose  home  is  at  Ballston  Spa, 
was  for  many  years  a  deputy  of  the 
New  York  State  Grange  and  the  or¬ 
ganizer  of  numerous  subordinate  units. 

MASSACHUSETTS:  The  latest 

newly-or¬ 
ganized  Grange  in  Massachusetts  is 
located  at  Plymouth  and  adds  a  third 
subordinate  this  season  to  the  organi¬ 
zation  record  of  Deputy  James  W. 
Hibfos  of  Groveland.  Mr.  Hibbs  served 
the  Massachusetts  State  Grange  as  a 
deputy  for  a  considerable  period  more 
than  a  score  of  years  ago,  then  went 
to  Maine,  where  he  continued  his 
Grange  activity.  He  has  now  returned 
to  Massachusetts,  so  is  back  in  the 
harness  again,  with  his  eye  on  several 
promising  fields  for  Grange  organiza¬ 
tion  the  coming  winter.  The  new 
Grange  at  Plymouth  will  be  affiliated 
with  Mayflower  Pomona,  already  one 
of  the  largest  in  the  state  in  number 
of  subordinate  units  comprising  it. 

NATIONAL:  °n  September  10, 
National  Master  Al¬ 
bert  S.  Goss  called  into  conference  at 
Boston  State  Masters  and  other  lead¬ 
ers  from  the  New  England  area,  to 
plan  ahead  for  an  active  winter  season 
among  the  nearly  1600  Grange  units 
in  that  group  of  states.  Special  con¬ 
sideration  was  given  to  research  pub¬ 
licity  plan,  whereby  the  Washington 
office  of  the  National  Grange  contem¬ 
plates  the  issuance  of  a  weekly  bulle¬ 
tin  service,  carrying  through  the  coun¬ 
try  newspapers  a  comprehensive  Wash¬ 
ington  letter  describing  legislative 
matters  and  other  events  at  the  Na¬ 
tional  Capital  which  have  particular 
bearing  on  the  interests  of  rural  life. 

*  *  * 

When  the  National  Grange  meets  at 
Spokane,  Washington,  in  November,  a 
new  pianist  will  officiate  in  the  ritual¬ 
istic  ceremonies  of  the  Seventh  De¬ 
gree  and  the  long-time  record  of  Mrs. 
J.  Henry  Johnson  of  Leominster,  Mass., 
will  be  broken.  Beginning  in  1917  at 
St.  Louis,  Missouri,  and  with  the  ex¬ 
ception  of  only  one  year,  Mrs.  Johnson 
has  been  the  official  pianist  for  degree 
work  at  the  National  Grange.  She 
finds  it  impossible  to  make  the  long 
trip  to  Spokane  this  year,  but  is 
hopeful  of  resuming  her  duties  as  pian¬ 
ist  when  the  1943  session  comes  nearer 
to  the  Atlantic  Coast. 

—a.  a. — 

"THE  PROOF  OF 
THE  PUDDING — ” 

( Continued  from  Page  6) 
trips  could  be  made,  and  that  feed 
could  be  hauled  to  various  towns  on 
the  return  trips. 

Morton  Adams,  Wayne  County  agri¬ 
cultural  agent,  has  worked  closely  with 
the  group  and  says  records  show  that 
it  has  put  considerable  money  into  the 
pockets  of  members.  In  each  case, 
members  have  been  urged  to  get  local 
quotations  on  their  animals  before  ship¬ 
ping.  Milton  Rose,  the  trucker,  carries 
insurance  on  the  stock  from  the  time 
it  crosses  the  tail  board.  Recently  one 
hog  sold  at  a  discount  because  of  a 
broken  leg.  The  shipper  received  a 
check  for  the  difference  from  the  in¬ 
surance  company. 

The  trucker  is  paid  his  fee  for  haul¬ 
ing  upon  delivery  of  the  stock  at  Buf¬ 
falo.  The  commission  association  de¬ 
ducts  its  selling  charge  and  makes  out 
checks  to  shippers  the  same  day  of 
sale.  Almost  invariably  they  reach 
shippers  the  following  morning. 

Huckle  said  this  has  been  a  most 
successful  demonstration  of  coopera¬ 
tive  effort.  He  believes  success  is  due 


*  *  *  to  having  begun  modestly,  developing 

To  Elmer  Mealio  of  Saratoga  Coun-  soundly  and  profiting  by  experience, 
ty  belongs  a  record  which  few  Patrons  “The  checks  which  our  members  re- 
have  ever  matched.  For  almost  30  ceive  are  the  best  proof  of  our  success, 
years  of  his  affiliation  with  the  Pomona  he  said. 


American  Agriculturist,  September  26,  1942 


17  (531) 


CROP  and  GARDEN 
NOTES 

(Continued  from  Page  4) 
corn  has  not  grown  very  much,  and  in 
particular,  it  has  been  very  slow  in 
maturing,  so  that  the  ears  in  many 
cases  are  no  farther  matured  in  the 
middle  of  September  than  they  usually 
are  by  this  time.  But  there  is  a  grand 
crop  of  silage  corn  this  year. 

What  a  load  of  old  memories  silo¬ 
filling  time  always  recalls.  We  used  to 
change  work  in  gangs  to  fill  silos. 
After  you  had  put  on  corn  by  hand 
for  a  few  minutes  on  a  cold  September 
morning  you  would  be  wet  through, 
and  you  would  itch  and  bum  every¬ 
where  it  had  touched  you.  There  al¬ 
ways  was  a  lot  of  kidding — and  boy,  oh 
boy,  how  we  did  eat! 

Another  theory  about  a  wet  season 
that  seems  to  be  true  is  that  grass,  hay, 
and  corn  seem  to  be  so  full  of  water 
that  they  don’t  have  their  usual  or 
average  food  value.  Milk  production  in 
many  sections  has  slumped,  even 
though  pastures  seem  to  be  unusually 
good.  For  this  reason,  some  are  won¬ 
dering  if  milk  production  can  be  kept 
up  on  the  hay  this  winter. 

I’d  very  much  appreciate  having  let¬ 
ters  telling  about  your  farm  or  garden 
experiences.  Address  E.  R.  Eastman, 
American  Agriculturist,  Ithaca,  New 
York. 

*  *  * 

LETTERS  ON  DEFERMENT 

“I  am  sending  this  note  to  you  to 
thank  3'ou  and  to  tell  you  that  the 
stand  which  American  Agriculturist 
has  taken  on  deferment  of  farm  boys 
is  one  of  the  most  important  stands 
that  you  have  ever  made.  I  believe 
that  I  am  speaking  without  conceit 
when  I  say  that  if  it  hadn’t  been  for 
my  deferment  our  farm  would  not  be 
producing  50  per  cent  of  the  milk  and 
eggs  which  it  is  producing  today.  My 
father  is  65  years  old,  and  his  health  is 
broken,  hence  I  have  practically  run 
the  farm  for  four  years.  I  believe  that 
I  am  serving  my  country  at  present, 
but  am  ready  and  willing  to  serve  in 
the  armed  forces  when  called.”  —  A 
Young  American  Agriculturist . 

“My  son  wrote  you  a  short  time  ago 
and  said  that  I  depended  on  him  to 
operate  my  farm  with  what  little  help 
I  could  give  him,  as  I  am  unable  to 
do  any  hard  work  due  to  ill  health.  I 
have  been  to  the  Draft  Appeal  Agent, 
and  he  said  my  son  would  have  to  go 
the  latter  part  of  October.  So  I  asked 
him  what  to  do  with  a  Land  Bank 
mortgage,  taxes,  and  other  expenses 
to  meet  which  will  be  impossible  if  I 
have  no  one  to  operate. 

“The  Board  told  me  they  did  not 
care  about  the  debt  on  my  farm,  and 
it  would  not  hurt  the  Land  Bank  to 
have  a  few  more  farms.  It  was  no 
worse  to  give  up  a  farm  than  a  store. 
They  also  told  me  they  would  get  every 
hired  man  and  farmers’  sons  off  the 
farms  not  later  than  October. 

“Now,  I  am  like  you.  This  is  a  seri¬ 
ous  situation.  Who  will  plant,  raise 
and  harvest  next  year’s  crops?”— C. 
II.  T.,  N.  Y. 

WE  PRINT  those  two  letters  in 
order  to  emphasize  again  the 
danger  this  country  is  running  into  by 
draining  skilled  farm  workers  off  from 
the  Farm  Front.  Thank  God,  there  are 
few  Boards  like  the  one  mentioned 
above.  Most  Draft  Boards  know  this 
food  problem  and  have  been  very  fair 
about  deferring  farm  help. 

Not  only  have  many  farm  boys  en¬ 
listed  or  been  drafted,  but  an  even 
worse  problem  is  the  high  wages  paid 
on  government  projects  and  by  city 
industries,  which  are  three  times  what 
farmers  can  pay,  and  that  naturally 
have  attracted  the  skilled  help  away 
from  the  farms. 

Farmers  won’t  starve.  They  can  dig 
ln  and  raise  enough  food  to  take  care 
°f  themselves.  But  what  about  the 
consumers  and  the  millions  of  boys  on 


j  SOMETHIN’  SHE  "FT” 

We  frequently  call  attention  in 
American  Agriculturist  to  the 
danger  of  leaving  small  pieces  of 
wire  or  other  metal  around  where 
cows  can  swallow  them.  This 
danger  cannot  be  over-emphasiz¬ 
ed.  A  butcher  told  me  the  other 
day  that  he  found  metal  in  almost 
every  cow  he  killed,  and  it  was 
his  belief,  as  it  is  mine,  that  many 
good  cows  become  poor  producers 
even  when  they  don’t  die,  be¬ 
cause  of  injuries  to  their  diges¬ 
tive  system  caused  by  swallow¬ 
ing  metal. 

If  you  have  lost  cattle  this 
way,  write  me  your  experience. 

— E.  R.  Eastman. 


the  Armed  Front?  They  will  be  the 
ones  to  suffer  in  a  great  food  short¬ 
age.  Winning  the  war  depends  on 
plenty  of  food. 

Many  Draft  Boards  complain  that 
not  enough  information  is  furnished 
when  the  young  men  get  their  ques¬ 
tionnaires.  Be  absolutely  sure  that  the 
Draft  officials  have  all  the  facts  and 
reasons  why  you  think  you.  should  be 
deferred  before  you  are  drafted,  not  af¬ 


terwards!  And  of  course  it  should  go 
without  saying  that  there  is  no  reason 
for  asking  deferment  unless  you  are 
absolutely  sure  that  you  are  needed  to 
help  produce  food  on  the  Farm  Front. 

*  *  * 

FIRE! 

EXT  to  death,  fire  is  the  greatest 
calamity  that  can  come  to  any 
family,  and  particularly  to  a  farm 
family.  In  a  few  moments’  time  all  the, 
work  and  sacrifice,  the  savings  and  the 
hopes  of  a  lifetime,  are  wiped  out. 

Farm  fires  now  are  especially  disas¬ 
trous  because  of  the  difficulty  and  high 
cost  of  making  replacements.  There¬ 
fore,  it  would  seem  to  be  just  plain 
common  sense  to  make  a  frequent  in¬ 
spection  of  the  entire  premises  to  locate 
and  eliminate  fire  hazards,  and  also 
to  make  it  a  rule  for  the  family  to 
avoid  carelessness  with  smoking  and 
other  fire  hazards  of  every  kind. 

October  4  to  10  is  Fire  Prevention 
Week,  but  every  week  may  well  be  fire 
prevention  week.  When  you  put  down 
this  paper,  why  not  make  the  round 
of  your  buildings  and  then  have  a  fam¬ 
ily  talk  around  the  table. 

Somewhere  in  the  Northeast,  from 
one  to  five  farm  buildings  bum  every 
day  in  the  year. 


FULL  BARNS  AT  HILLSIDE  FARM 

( Continued  from  Page  5) 


like  my  son  could  pull  the  stuff  back 
as  the  loader  ran  it  on.  This  year, 
alfalfa  was  so  long  and  tangled  that  it 
was  “ropy”  or  “viney”  and  too  tough 
to  pull  apart.  Under  these  conditions 
it  needed  two  men  on  the  truck  or 
wagon  to  do  the  loading.  For  the  same 
reason  two  men  were  needed  at  the 
cutter.  It  is  too  hard  work  for  one 
man  to  pitch  off  such  tangled,  stringy 
stuff  as  we  handled  this  year.  In 
reasonably  dry  weather  we  greatly 
prefer  to  use  a  fairly  heavy  truck  that 
pulls  the  loader  to  load  itself.  We 
have  such  an  outfit  and  ordinarily  it  is 
perfectly  satisfactory.  This  year,  how¬ 
ever,  the  surface  has  been  so  damp 
and  slippery  that  the  truck  wheels 
have  failed  to  give  sufficient  traction 
on  moderate  grades,  so  we  have  relied 
mainly  on  the  regular  wagons  and  hay- 
riggings  pulled  by  tractors.  Once  we 
mired  in  so  badly  that  it  took  two 
tractors  to  get  the  wagon  out. 

The  brightest  spot  in  this  summer’s 
rather  difficult  operations  was  our 
wheat.  We  had  some  fourteen  acres 
which  began  with  the  most  brilliant 
prospects  for  a  record-breaking  crop 
that  I  ever  knew,  but  which  ended  up 
by  beginning  to  lodge  long  before  it 
headed  out  and  by  the  time  it  was  fit 
to  cut  it  was  just  a  crinkled,  tangled 
mass.  Before  it  was  cut,  there  was 
much  of  the  fields  where  the  green 
stuff  (especially  the  fine,  twining, 
climbing  plant  which  we  call  wild- 


r  uu're  too  late  for  coffee.  The 
sugar  has  already  been  put  in  the 
safe!” 


buckwheat)  had  grown  up  through  the 
lodged  straw  until  no  wheat  could  be 
seen.  Under  former  methods  the  whole 
discouraging  mess  might  have  been  an 
almost  total  loss.  We  put  in  the  com¬ 
bine  which  is  operated  by  a  separate 
engine  instead  of  a  power  take-off,  and 
cut  the  crop  at  the  rate  of  about  an 
acre  per  hour  and  this  with  very 
little  delay  or  special  difficulty.  The 
yield  was  about  35  bushels  per  acre 
which  according  to  our  experience  is 
just  fair.  We  handled  the  straw  in 
equally  short  order,  using  the  side- 
delivery  rake  to  roll  three  combine 
swaths  into  one  windrow  and  then 
picking  it  up  with  the  loader,  running 
it  through  the  hay-chopper  and  blow¬ 
ing  it  into  the  peak  of  the  barn  for 
bedding.  We  could  do  this  job  also  at 
the  rate  of  about  an  acre  per  hour. 

Our  small  acreage  of  corn  promises 
to  be  pretty  good  if  (and  only  if)  the 
frosts  hold  off.  I  have  explained  how 
we  are  drifting  toward  grass  farming 
and  so  had  only  six  acres  of  com,  by 
far  our  smallest  acreage  in  more  than 
forty  years.  We  were  ready  to  plant 
this  on  Memorial  Day,  which  to  my 
mind  is  a  pretty  good  planting  date  for 
these  higher  lands  of  the  eastern  New 
York  Plateau.  At  any  rate  it  was  as 
early  as  we  could  get  ready  this  sea¬ 
son.  It  is  our  farm  custom  to  “Keep 
Decoration  Day”  and  I  am  glad  the 
custom  was  not  broken  even  in  this 
War  year.  This  year,  the  holiday  fell 
on  Saturday  and  on  Monday  it  was 
raining  again.  As  it  turned  out,  not 
until  twenty-eight  days  later  were  we 
able  to  plant  our  corn.  The  only  big 
story  I  can  tell  is  that  forty-seven 
days  after  planting,  it  was  no  trouble 
to  find  com  more  than  six  feet  tall,  al¬ 
though  no  tassels  had  appeared. 

In  these  last  days  of  August  our 
meadows  are  carrying  a  second-growth 
(“aftermath”  or  "rowen”  as  the  New 
England  farmers  say)  which  in  amount 
is  equal  to  an  ordinary  first  cutting 
and  in  quality  is-  much  better.  If 
Providence  will  only  vouchsafe  us  a 
pleasant,  dry  September  we  can  have  a 
full  second  haying,  although  the  prob¬ 
lem  of  storing  it  seems  an  impossible 
one.  In  any  case  I  think  that  once 
more  I  will  be  able  to  proclaim  my 
favorite  boast:  In  the  old  northeastern 
states  seed  time  and  harvest  do  not  fail. 


#0  CHANGE 


IN  WOLVERINE 


HORSEHIDE  HANDS! 


DRY  SOFT-STAY  SOFT! 


JyJ'  O  change  in  amazing  Wolverine  Horse- 
hide  Hands  that  millions  of  workers 
swear  by !  Soft  as  kid — stay  soft — never  stiff 
even  after  repeated  soakings!  No  change  in 
toughness — real  protection  on  toughest  jobs. 
No  change  in  the  long,  money-saving  wear 
that’s  exclusive  with  Wolverine  Horsehide 
Hands!  Try  on  a  pair  at  any  Wolverine 
dealer’s.  If  you  don’t  know  his  name,  write 
WOLVERINE  SHOE  8b  TANNING 
CORP.,  Dept.  *-942,  Rockford,  Mich. 


WOLVERINE 

HORSEHIDE  WORK  GLOVES 

Charles  E.  Garrison,  Lanesboro,  Mass. 


FARMERS! 

GET  THE  LATEST 

NEWS 

ON  THE  FARM  FRONT 

BY  UNITED  PRESS 

1  P.  M.  DAILY 

Tune  WBTA  First 

DIAL  1490 


Attached 


OTTAWA 

TRACTOR 

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Falls  Tree,Cuts  Log 

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any  tractor.  -Direct  drive.  _ 

Long  stroke.  Saws  fast. 

Easy  on  fuel.  Hundreds  of  satisfied  Write  fer  FREE 
users.  Big  labor  saver.  Low  Price.  Book  and  Prices 
OTTAWA  MFG.CO.,  831  Forest  Ave.,Ottawa,Kana. 


FALSE  TEETH 

AS  LOW  AS  $7.95 

Per  Plate,  DENTAL  PLATES 
are  made  in  our  own  laboratory 
from  your  personal  impression. 
Our  workmanship  and  material 
GUARANTEED  or  purchase  price  refunded.  We  take  this 
risk  on  our  60-day  trial  offer.  DO  NOT  SEND  ANY  MONEY! 
MAIL  POST  CARD  for  FREE  Material  and  Catalog  of  our 
LOW  PRICES.  DON’T  PUT  IT  OFF —Write  us  TODAY! 

BRIGHT  ON  -  THOMAS  DENTAL  LABORATORY 
Dept.  1373  6217  S.  Halstead  Street,  Chicago  III. 


HARDWOOD  SAWDUST  OR  SHAVINGS.  Car  lots 
$40.00,  standard  box  curs  filled  to  capacity.  MONTI- 

CELL0  LUMBER  CO,  INC..  Monticello,  New  York. 


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3591.  A  very  smart  suit  with  adaptable  lines.  It’s  stunning 
whether  you  make  it  up  in  the  new  bright  colored  wools  or  smartly  con¬ 
servative  navy,  in  tweeds  or  in  corduroy.  Sizes  12  to  44.  Size  36,  2% 
yds.  54-in.  fabric. 

1^0.  2627.  For  ^at  smooth  silhouette  that  you  want  this  season,  tins 
princess  frock  is  perfect.  It’s  young  looking  in  its  full  range  of  sizes. 
Sizes  12  to  48.  Size  36,  3%  yds.  39-in.  fabric. 

I¥o.  2677.  A-  httle  dress  with  that  soft,  yet  casual,  air.  Nice  in  light¬ 
weight  wools,  crepe,  or  spun  rayon.  Sizes  12  to  20.  Size  16,  3%  yds- 
39-in.  fabric  with  %  yd.  contrasting. 

3505-  A-  jumper  for  this  fall.  It’s  one  of  the  smartest  styles  y°u 
can  ’choose,  to  say  nothing  of  its  practical  qualities.  Sizes  12  to  42.  Size 
36,  for  jumper,  2%  yds.  39-in.  fabric;  and  for  blouse,  2 Vs  Yds- 
TVo  2052-  Don’t  overlook  these  smart  separates  that  form  such  im¬ 
portant  links’in  your  wardrobe.  If  you  choose  an  adaptable  color  scheme, 
you  can  team  them  with  your  other  separates  for  endless  variety.  Sizes 
10  to  20.  Size  16,  for  skirt,  1%  yds.  39-in.  or  54-in  fabric;  for  jerkin- 
%  yd.  54-in.;  and  for  jacket  in  shorter  length,  1%  yds.  35-in.  fabric, 
three  in  one  pattern! 

\o.  3369.  Smart  outfit  for  a  child,  including  coat  in  single  or  double 
breasted  style,  hat  and  leggings.  Sizes  2  to  8.  Size  4,  for  the  set,  2  A 
yds.  54-in.  fabric. 

jYo.  3550.  Here’s  that  casual  frock  that  you  always  reach  f°r, 
that’  front-buttoned  style  that  always  looks  so  well.  Sizes  16  to  o  . 
Size  36,  3%  yds.  39-in.  fabric. 

No.  2625.  It’s  tops  with  the  ’tween  age,  this  jumper  frock,  an 
especially  we’ll-cut  version  of  her  own  pet  style.  Sizes  6  to  14.  Size  - 
for  jumper,  1%  yds.  35-in  fabric;  and  for  blouse,  1%  yds. 

No.  3295.  Here  comes  Romance,  in  the  shape  of  a  little  basq> 
dirndl.  Make  it  in  print,  or  velveteen  if  you  want  an  adorable  date  dies  • 
Sizes  10  to  20.  Size  16,  3  yds.  39-in.  fabric. 

TVrt  335ft  This  design  has  lots  of  appeal— it’s  both  dirndl  an? 
dress.  It’s  young,  flattering,  and  really  very  (Continued  on  opposite  V  .  ' 


American  Agriculturist,  September  26,  1942 


19  (533) 


Machine  Darning 

Mending  Lesson  iVo.  15 

By  MILDRED  CARNEY, 

Cornell  Clothing  Specialist. 


Machine  darning  is  a  quick 
and  practical  method  of  repairing 
all  kinds  of  garments  and  household 
linens.  In  experimenting  with  it,  one 
should  practice  until  the  technique  is 
learned  and  should  not  be  discouraged 
if  the  first  attempt  is  not  perfect.  The 
simplest  method  is  to  stitch  the  place 
to  be  mended,  turn  the  article  and  con¬ 
tinue  to  stitch  in  this  way  until  the 
mending  is  completed. 

When  machine  mending  fine  table 
linen  or  any  fine  fabric,  use  No.  100 
white  thread.  This  is  fine  and  sinks 
into  the  article  so  that  it  does  not 
show.  Heavier  articles,  like  bath 
towels,  should  have  thread  in  propor-. 
tion  to  the  material.  Colored  articles 
should  be  mended  with  matching 
mercerized,  thread  as  fine  as  can  be 
purchased. 

Machine  Mending  Using  a  Hoop 

To  mend  small  holes: 

1.  Trim  away  all  frayed  edges. 

2.  Place  the  material  in  a  hoop, 
stretching  it  tightly. 

3.  Place  the  hoop  under  the  needle. 
When  the  work  is  in  place,  the  ma¬ 


terial  lies  flat  on  the  machine  with  the 
hoop  up.  The  hoop  holds  the  material 
taut.  (See  illustration). 

4.  Stitch  forward. 

5.  Then  raise  the  presser  foot  just 
so  it  does  not  touch  the  cloth  and 
stitch.  This  makes  the  machine  stitch 
backward. 

6.  Stitch  forward.  Raise  the  presser 
foot  as  above  and  stitch  backward, 
moving  the  hoop  with  the  left  hand. 

7.  Stitch  across  the  hole,  keeping  the 
line  of  stitching  parallel  with  the  warp 
threads  and  close  together. 

8.  After  the  warp  threads  are  filled 
in,  turn  the  hoop  and  fill  in  the  cross¬ 
wise  threads  if  necessary. 


way.  The  stitching  should  be  close  to¬ 
gether. 

Sometimes  a  new  tablecloth  or  other 
article  may  have  a  hole  in  it.  The 
next  lesson  will  describe  another  meth¬ 
od  of  machine  mending  which  is  par¬ 
ticularly  useful  in  such  cases. 

—  a.  a. — 

MORE  WAR  RECIPES 

Bean  and  Peanut  Croquettes 

2  cups  of  bean  pulp  2  tablespoons  melted  but- 

1  cup  peanuts,  chopped  ter  or  other  fat 

2  tablespoons  fine  chopped  3  tablespoons  flour 

onion  l  cup  canned  tomatoes 

I  tablespoon  chopped  green  l'/2  teaspoons  salt 
pepper  ,  i/8  teaspoon  pepper 

!4  cup  dry  bread  crumbs 

To  prepare  the  bean  pulp,  soak  1  y2 
cups  dried  beans  overnight  in  enough 
water  to  cover  them.  In  the  morning, 
drain  them,  add  4  cups  of  water  and 
simmer  until  the  beans  are  tender.  Re¬ 
move  them  from  the  fire,  drain  and 
put  them  through  a  coarse  sieve. 

Cook  the  onion  and  green  pepper  in 
the  fat,  add  the  flour,  stir,  and  then 
add  the  juice  from  the  tomatoes  to 
make  a  thick  sauce.  Add  all  the  re¬ 
maining  ingredients  and  mix  them 
thoroughly.  Cool  and  shape  the  mix¬ 
ture  into  croquettes,  roll  in  the  beaten 
egg  to  which  1  tablespoon  of  water 
has  been  added,  then  roll  in  the  sifted 
dry  bread  crumbs.  Let  the  croquettes 
stand  to  form  a  crust,  then  fry  them 
in  deep  fat  at  a  temperature  of  375°  F. 
until  the  crumbs  are  brown.  Drain 
them  on  soft  paper  and  serve  at  once. 
The  croquettes  may  be  served  with  a 
tomato  sauce  or  ketchup. 

Incidentally,  a  good  frying  fat  is 
made  of  %  lard  and  y3  clarified  suet, 
or  a  combination  of  lard,  clarified  suet 
and  chicken  fat. 

Baked  Apples 

Fill  cored  apples  with  one  of  the 
following:  1  tablespoon  honey  or  corn 
syrup;  chopped  dates;  jelly  or  marma¬ 
lade;  or  chopped  pop  corn  (mixed  with 
corn  syrup  in  proportion  of  two  table¬ 
spoons  corn  syrup  to  a  cup  of  corn.) 
Put  14  inch  water  in  baking  dish  and 
bake  apples  until  tender.  Serve  with 
syrup  in  pan  as  sauce. 

—A.  A.— 

WARTIME  IS  SEW-TIME 

( Continued  from  opposite  page) 

easy  to  make.  Sizes  10  to  20.  Size  16, 
2%  yds.  39-in.  fabric,  and  1%  yds.  for 
dickey. 


A  PITCHER 
OF  HEALTH 
ON  THE  TABLE  ! 


Time  without  end,  in  farms  and  villages  and  cities,  a 
pitcher  of  milk  on  the  table  has  been  a  champion  of 
health  for  the  family. 

Today  as  always,  nutrition  experts  place  milk  tops  on 
the  list  of  foods  everyone  must  have  every  day.  Milk 
provides  vitamins  and  minerals  your  body  needs,  food 
energy  for  hard  work,  and  helps  to  combat  colds  and 
fatigue.  Besides,  it’s  one  of  the  most  delicious  refresh¬ 
ing  beverages  known  to  man! 

All  these  benefits  of  milk  are  available  to  city -people 
regularly,  through  your  hard  work  and  vigilant  care. 
And  they’re  just  as  necessary  for  your  own  family!  So 
don’t  forget  to  keep  enough  milk  on  the  farm  to  give 
every  person  his  share  .  .  .  authorities  say  a  pint  for 
every  adult,  a  quart  for  every  child! 

THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK  SAYS 

SATISFY  THIRST... FORTIFY  HEALTH. 

DRINK  MILK  ! 


Vitamins  for  “aliveness”  Vitamin  “A”  for  cold  resistance 

Minerals  for  well-being  Calcium  {or  clear  complexion 

Helpful  for  reducing  diets  Nature’s  cheapest  complete  food 
Alkaline  reaction  for  fatigue  Perfect  for  the  whole  family 

THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK 


To  mend  larger  holes: 

In  all  machine  mending  if  the  hole 
is  large  it  is  advisable  to  put  a  piece 
of  material  of  the  same  kind  under¬ 
neath  the  hole.  This  reinforces  the 
worn  or  torn  place.  When  a  piece  of 
|  material  is  put  on  the  underside,  it 
way  only  be  necessary  to  stitch  one 


TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address, 
pattern  size  and  number  clearly  and 
enclose  15c  in  coins  or  stamps.  Ad¬ 
dress  Pattern  Dept.,  American  Agricul¬ 
turist,  10  North  Cherry  St.,  Pough¬ 
keepsie,  N.  Y. 

A  book  you  need :  Our  attractive 
Fall-Winter  Fashion  Book,  full  of 
smart  styles  that  are  easy  to  make  and 
fun  to  wear.  Selections  for  all  sizes, 
ages,  and  occasions.  An  indispensable 
book  for  home  sewers.  Price  just  12c; 
or  send  25c  for  a  Fashion  Book  and 
a  pattern  of  your  own  choosing. 

—  a.  a. — 

DEFENSE  STAMPS 

Thank  you  so  much  for  my  Horse  & 
Buggy  Days  Contest  check.  It  meant 
eight  more  stamps  in  my  Defense 
Stamp  Book.  It  came  on  one  of  those 
hot,  sticky  days  when  even  the  light¬ 
est  work  is  an  effort,  but  that  check 
just  pepped  me  up  so  I  almost  forgot 
the  weather  and  actually  accomplished 
more  than  I  had  planned. 

Thank  you  even  more  for  such  a  fine 
paper — so  full  of  practical  ideas  suited 
to  our  own  section  of  the  good  old  U. 
S.  A. — Emily  A.  Pierce ,  Westport ,  N.Y. 


^  If  You  Suffer  Distress  From  ^ 

•^femaleI 

WEAKNESS 

And  Want  To  Build  Up  Red  Blood 

If  at  such  times  you  suffer  pain,  tired, 
nervous  feelings,  distress  of  “irregu¬ 
larities” — due  to  functional  monthly 
disturbances  —  start  at  once  —  try 
Lydia  E.  Pinkham’s  Compound  TAB¬ 
LETS  (with  added  iron) — so  helpful 
to  relieve  such  distress  because  of 
their  soothing  effect  on  one  of  wom¬ 
an’s  most  important  organs. 

Taken  regularly  —  Pinkham’s  help 
build  up  resistance  against  such 
symptoms.  Also,  their  iron  helps  build 
up  red  blood.  Follow  label  directions. 

For  free  trial  bottle  tear  this  out 
and  send  with  name  and  address  to 
the  Lydia  E.  Pinkham  Medicine  Co., 
663  Cleveland  St.,  Lynn,  Mass. 


Jo  Relieve 
Misery 


^ LIQUID.  TABLETS.  SALVE .  NOSE  DROPS 


Don’t  Be  Late 

ordering  your  “No  Trespassing”  signs 
this  year.  Don’t  wait  until  the  day 
before  hunting  season  opens.  Get  your 
signs  up  early. 

Post  Your  Farm 

with  signs  that  are  easy  to  read,  and 
withstand  wind  and  weather.  WE  HAVE 
THEM  ( 12"xl2") . 

Price  WITHOUT  Name  and  Address 
$1.00  per  doz.;  $3.50  per  50;  $6.50  per  100 
Price  WITH  NAME  and  Address 
$3.00  per  doz.;  $5.50  per  50;  $8.50  per  ICO 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 


10  N.  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
ft  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


Louis  Acker,  Berne,  N.  Y. 


CHRISTMAS  CARDS.  Sell  50  assorted  folders,  name 
imprinted  $1.00.  Cost  you  50c.  Samples  free  Experi¬ 
ence  unnecessary.  DUNBAR,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 


i 


(5S4)  20 


American  Agriculturist,  September  26,  1942 


No  Farm  Experience— 
But  Willing  to  Learn 


COLUMBIA  COUNTY,  N.  Y.,  in  the 
Hudson  Valley,  faced  some  labor 
shortages  during  the  summer  of  1941. 
That  set  us  all  to  thinking.  By  fall 
the  problem  became  so  acute  that  farm 
leaders  looked  forward  to  spring  with 
the  firm  conviction  that  it  would  be 
necessary  to  find  new  labor  sources. 
In  Germantown  alone,  a  small  com¬ 
munity  of  less  than  75  fruit  and  vege¬ 
table  farms,  over  100  young  men  had 
gone  to  war  or  left  for  defense  work 
before  spring. 

City  unemployed,  darkies  from  the 
south,  farm  security  labor  camps, 
foreign  groups  and  other  labor  sources 
were  all  considered  during  the  winter 
and  later  tried  with  varying  degrees 
of  success  or  failure.  The  F.S.A.  camp 
represented  failure  when  the  request 
for  it  was  turned  down,  but  groups  of 
young  people  from  schools  and  colleges 
have  proven  more  successful. 

Strawberries,  cherries,  raspberries, 
beans  and  tomatoes  need  a  good  many 
pickers  plus  other  hand  labor,  so  re¬ 
membering  a  successful  farmerette 
camp  of  the  last  war,  growers  wanted 
girls, 

“Farm  for  Freedom”  Girls 

Henry  Lawrence,  a  large  fruit  grow¬ 
er,  of  Germantown,  was  an  active  or¬ 
ganizer.  A  committee  was  formed  in¬ 
cluding  two  ladies,  Mrs.  C.  C.  Town¬ 
send  and  Mrs.  F.  B.  Washburn,  cap¬ 
able  women  who  did  an  excellent  job 
of  covering  schools  and  colleges  with 
letters  and  publicity.  They  enlisted 
other  leadership  and  put  on  a  real 
campaign  that  was  rewarded  by  hun¬ 
dreds  of  letters  and  applications.  From 
these  were  sorted  the  ones  that  seemed 
earnest  in  wanting  to  do  a  real  job. 
They  were  told  from  the  start  that  the 
work  would  be  tiresome,  the  sun  hot, 
the  hours  long  and  the  pay  ordinary 
piece  work  or  hourly  rates.  They  were 
told  that  they  should  not  come  just 
for  a  vacation  in  the  country,  but  for 
hard  work  and  a  chance  to  do  some¬ 
thing  patriotic  and  worthwhile. 

The  second  week  in  June  a  fine 
group  of  a  few  girls  came  to  live  at 
Clermont  Inn,  a  roadside  overnight 
hotel  stranded  by  gas  rationing.  The 
girls  finished  breakfast  at  6  a.  m.  and 
farmers’  trucks  took  them  out  to  pick 
strawberries.  Everyone  was  skeptical 
about  what  the  coeds  would  do,  but  we 
soon  found  out  that  they  meant  busi¬ 
ness  and  were  going  to  be  a  real  help. 

There  were  a  few  that  didn’t  work 
out  but  they  weren’t  hard  to  spot  and 
were  sent  home.  Most  of  them  stuck 
it  out  in  spite  of  sore  muscles,  lame 
backs  and  sunburns.  They  worked 
hard  to  make  their  board  plus  a  little 
extra.  Farmers  smiles  turned  to  words 
of  praise  and  soon  the  group  increased 
to  130  girls,  all  busy  picking  strawber¬ 
ries,  cherries,  raspberries,  pulling 
weeds,  hoeing,  thinning  apples  and 
later  picking  beans,  tomatoes,  pears 
and  apples.  A  few  girls  even  milked, 
drove  tractors  and  did  other  farm 
work. 

Each  farmer  was  charged  an  addi¬ 
tional  5  cents  a  day  per  girl  and  the 
money  went  for  bus  trips  to  the 
movies,  to  historical  places  and  for 
other  entertainment. 

The  plan  was  a  success.  Clifford 
Miller  with  his  400  acres  of  apples  at 
Claverack  found  the  girls  so  good  at 
thinning  apples  that  he  used  30  or 
more  girls  every  day  for  several  weeks 
to  thin  the  heavy  set  of  fruit.  “I  don’t 
know  how  I  would  have  gotten  along 
without  them”,  was  Mr.  Miller’s  com¬ 
ment.  The  project  ended  the  season 
without  being  a  cent  in  the  red  and 


we’re  all  looking  forward  to  having 
more  girls  next  summer. 

Hudson  Valley  Farm  Cadets 

The  girls  made  good  day  help  on 
the  fruit  and  vegetable  farms  but 
dairymen  needed  boys  to  live  on  the 
farms  and  to  do  the  heavier  work. 
Farm  cadets  (16  year  old  city  school 
boys)  proved  successful  help.  It  was 
particularly  hard  for  some  dairymen 
to  bring  themselves  to  use  any  kind  of 
inexperienced  help  to  handle  expensive 
machinery  and  valuable  cows.  Ray 
Duntz,  a  dairyman  with  a  large  herd 
in  the  Copake  valley,  told  me  his  sad 
story  of  operating  short  handed.  He 
was  doing  two  men’s  work  without 
enough  sleep.  Finally  persuaded  to  try 
a  Farm  Cadet,  he  was  fortunate  in 
getting  a  good  sturdy  lad  who  learned 
quickly.  Mr.  Duntz  greeted  me  with  a 
smile  a  month  later  and  told  me  that 
the  city  boy  turned  out  to  be  a  pace 
setter.  “Of  course,  I  had  to  show  him 
everything,  but  once  was  usually 
enough  and  he  seemed  willing  and 
anxious  to  learn.” 

Not  all  experiences  were  so  favor¬ 
able  and  some  boys  were  sent  home,  a 
complete  loss.  Reasonably  willing  in¬ 
telligent  cadets  made  the  grade  pretty 
well.  As  the  boys  go  back  this  fall, 
farmers  are  looking  forward  to  the  re¬ 
turn  of  experienced  boys  that  they 
have  trained  on  their  own  farms. 

Farm  Cadet  Apple  Pickers 

Thirty  Farm  Cadets  stayed  at  Camp 
Hawley,  a  Boy  Scout  camp  at  Kinder- 
hook,  for  the  summer.  These  boys 
made  excellent  day  help  and  farmers 
needing  individual  boys  moved  some 
from  the  camp  to  the  farm  on  short 
notice. 

With  apple  picking  in  full  swing, 
there  are  now  nearly  300  Farm  Cadets, 
in  camps  and  tourist  places  in  Colum¬ 
bia  County,  and  they’ve  been  doing  a 


lila 

Most  of  the  girls  “stuck  it  out”  in  spite  of  sore  muscles,  lame  backs,  and  sunburns. 


good  part  of  the  job  of  picking  a 
bumper  crop  of  McIntosh  apples.  The 
education  department  and  the  U.  S. 
Employment  service  have  done  a  good 
job  in  recruiting  boys.  Teachers  have 
volunteered  to  supervise  camps  and 
are  doing  a  hard  job  in  an  excellent 
manner.  Some  N.Y.A.  beds  transfer¬ 
red  to  AAA  have  helped  the  camps 
that  were  short  of  equipment. 

The  Columbia  County  U.  S.  Employ¬ 
ment  service  has  in  John  Simmons  an 
excellent  farm  placement  man.  Train¬ 
ed  as  a  country  store  and  garage  op¬ 
erator,  farm  equipment  dealer,  post¬ 
master,  town  clerk,  AAA  farm  check¬ 
er  and  Farm  Bureau  committeeman, 
John  knows  hundreds  of  farmers,  cuts 
the  red  tape,  does  the  job  at  hand  and 
gets  results. 

There  are,  of  course,  problems  al¬ 
most  every  day  but  each  one  seems 
to  have  an  answer.  The  help  situation 
is  tough,  but  it  hasn’t  made  us  throw 
up  our  hands  yet  and  it’s  not  going 
to,  because  we’re  finding  out  how  to 
lick  it! — R.  G.  Greig. 

(Editor’s  Note:  Troublesome  as  it  may 
be,-  the  use  of  some  inexperienced  farm 
help  is  necessary.  However,  every  farm, 


I  TELL  Mirandy  that  it 
seems  the  cash  that  wo¬ 
men  spend  for  creams  to 
spread  around  upon  their 
phiz  is  just  a  waste  of  mon, 
gee  whiz.  When  I  was  young 
the  women  wore  the  face 
that  Nature  made  ’em,  for  to 
paint  their  lips  was  thought 
a  sin  no  one  would  think  she 
should  begin  the  day  by 
paintin’  up  her  mug  until  she 
looked  like  some  strange 
bug.  Then  when  she  went 
to  bed  at  night  she  didn’t 
make  herself  a  fright  by 
spreadin’  goo  upon  her  chin 
and  cheeks  to  rubbin’  that 
stuff  in,  until  she  looked,  for 
all  that  toil,  as  if  she  had 
been  cooked  in  oil.  If  all  the 
money  that  is  spent  for 
beauty  creams  could  just  be 
spent  to  help  the  poor  folks 
pay  their  bills,  we  would  be 
free  from  most  our  ills. 

“When  you  was  young,” 
Mirandy  said,  "a  pretty  girl  woulci  curn  your  head,  because  without  cos¬ 
metics’  aid  the  only  one  was  Nature-made.  Good  looks  was  scarce,  but 
now  each  dame  can  fix  herself  to  look  the  same.  If  Nature  doesn’t  treat 
’em  right,  but  turned  ’em  out  to  look  a  fright,  instead  of  makin’  some 
poor  man  look  all  his  life  at  that  there  pan,  they  just  take  up  where 
Nature  quit.  When  they  have  fixed  themselves  a  bit,  there  ain’t  a  man 
won’t  stop  to  gaze,  and  if  us  girls  should  change  our  ways,  and  if  no 
longer  we  should  try  our  faces  for  to  beautify,  you  men  would  be  the  first 
to  kick  and  send  us  to  the  drug  store  quick.” 


if  It  is  to  continue  efficient  food  produc¬ 
tion,  must  have  a  “back  log”  of  experi¬ 
enced  help.  This  applies  to  all  farms, 
but  is  particularly  true  of  dairy  and 
poultry  farms  where  it  takes  years  of 
experience  to  get  the  necessary  knowl¬ 
edge. 

The  draining  of  farm  help  is  approach¬ 
ing  the  danger  point.  If  it  continues, 
food  production  in  1943  must  be  cut  dras¬ 
tically.  No  matter  what  happens,  farm¬ 
ers  will  do  the  best  they  can.  They  do 
not  ask  for  time  and  a  half  for  overtime, 
and  a  forty-hour  week  means  nothing 
to  them;  but  lack  of  help  will  scuttle  any 
plans  for  increased  food  production.) 


Today  in 

Aunt  Janet's  Garden 


Beat  Jack  Frost 

SEVERAL  cold  nights  can  shock  a 
plant  almost  as  much  as  a  frost; 
hence  the  need  to  bring  in  pot  plants 
or  window  box  material  before  they 
suffer  a  severe  setback. 

Chrysanthemums,  if  showing  color, 
ought  to  be  protected  when  frost  really 
threatens.  Canvas  or  burlap  bags — 
if  you  still  have  any — can  be  tented  up 
on  tall  stakes  to  give  the  needed  pro¬ 
tection  against  the  first  cold  snaps.  Of 
course,  chrysanthemums  planted  on  the 
south  side  of  buildings  have  some  pro¬ 
tection  from  them. 

Tuberous  begonias  are  often  used  in 
porch  or  window  boxes  which  are  shad¬ 
ed  most  of  the  day.  One  horticultural 
writer  says  that  she  has  evolved  her 
own  system  of  keeping  them  from  one 
year  to  another.  She  lets  them  dry  off 
gradually  in  the  soil  while  they  are 
ripening  and  then  lifts  them  and  stores 
in  boxes  in  absolutely  dry  material, 
such  as  sand,  peat  moss,  or  sawdust, 
and  then  puts  this  away  in  the  dark 
vegetable  cellar  which  stays  about  50" 
F.  In  March  when  they  begin  to  show 
leaf,  they  are  potted  up,  gradually 
watered  and  brought  into  the  light. 
Her  experiments  taught  her  that  the 
most  important  thing  was  to  have  the 
tubers  dry  and  to  keep  them  dry  in 
storage,  and  to  give  them  something 
to  grow  on,  just  as  soon  as  they  show 
leaf  in  the  spring. 

A  fall  blooming  plant  which  I  cher¬ 
ish  in  my  garden  is  the  Japanese  ane¬ 
mone  .The  one  I  have  is  an  old-fash¬ 
ioned  variety,  not  really  such  a  clear 
pink  color  as  the  new  September 
Charm,  but  the  graceful,  airy  effect  of 
the  blossoms  makes  them  good  in  the 
garden  or  as  a  cut  flower.  They  really 
need  to  be  planted  in  a  somewhat  shel¬ 
tered  position,  if  possible  with  partly 
overhanging  branches  of  trees  and 
shrubs.  Otherwise  the  early  frosts 
may  get  the  buds. 


1  Bay  War  Bonds  and  Slam 


American  Agriculturist,  September  26,  1942 


21  (535) 


/ 


AUNT  JANET’S 
Qaoosute  Recipe. 


Baked  Pears 

A  GOOD  baked  pear  needs  little 
or  no  sugar.  Just  wash,  do 
not  even  remove  the  stem;  bake 
slowly  with  just  enough  water  to 
cover  the  bottom  of  the  baking 
dish,  but  do  not  let  them  bake 
dry.  An  occasional  basting  keeps 
the  skin  moist.  Turn  occasion¬ 
ally. 

Another  way  to  bake  is  to  cut 
the  washed  pears  in  half,  core 
and  put  in  a  baking  dish. 
Sprinkle  generously  with  sugar 
and  a  little  salt.  Dot  with  but¬ 
ter,  add  a  very  little  water. 
Cover  and  bake  in  a  moderate 
oven.  As  soon  as  the  fruit  is  hot 
take  off  the  cover  to  cook  the 
syrup  down. 


Variations : 

1.  Use  a  little  honey  for  part 
of  the  sweetening. 

2.  Cook  'cinnamon  candies  in 
the  syrup  for  flavor  and  color. 

3.  Add  stick  cinnamon  or  other 
spices. 

4.  Serve  pears  hot  in  their 
spicy  syrup,  or 

5.  Cool  them  and  serve  with  a 
garnish  of  whipped  cream  or  a 
little  cottage  or  cream  cheese. 


If  you  have  never  eaten  a  pear 
pie,  try  it.  Make  it  exactly  as 
you  do  your  apple  pie. 


fte'idOHcU  Pneblemi 

Should  We  Be  Cay? 

( Seventh  Letter  to  Linda) 

Dear  Lucile :  School  has  begun  .  .  .  and 
I’m  worried.  I  just  can’t  feel  enthusi¬ 
astic  about  the  football  team  .  .  .  and 
the  debating  club  .  .  .  and  class  dances 
•  .  .  and  Glee  Club  trips,  like  I  was  last 
year,  it’s  the  war. 

As  I  told  you  in  my  last  letter,  I’ve 
seen  a  lot  of  the  boys  in  service  this 
summer,  through  the  parties  we’ve  given 
j  for  them,  and  somehow,  knowing  that 
they’re  going  to  the  ends  of  the  earth, 
maybe  never  to  come  back,  just  takes  the 
pleasure  out  of  things  I’ve  always  en¬ 
joyed.  I  feel  it’s  wrong  to  enjoy  these 
rather  frivolous,  unnecessary  things. 

Can  you  straighten  me  out?  I  don’t 
want  to  mope  through  my  Sophomore 
year  that  I’d  planned  to  get  so  much 
enjoyment  and  benefit  out  of. — Linda. 

Of  course  you  don’t  want  to  mope, 
Linda  .  .  .  and  you  mustn’t. 

Look  at  it  this  way:  Would  giving 
up  your  debating  society  or  glee  club; 
staying  home  from  class  dances  or  re¬ 
fusing  to  root  for  the  home  team  help 
win  the  war?  Your  answer  is  “no”, 
isn’t  it? 

That’s  the  real  test  to  apply.  If  we 


“As  long  as  you’re  going  to 
your  mother’s  for  something  to 
eat,  could  you  bring  me  bach 
something ,  too?”  \ 


give  time  to  non-essential  things  that 
we  could  devote  to  worthwhile  work 
for  Uncle  Sam,  then  we’re  doing 
wrong.  If  we  use  up  precious  materi¬ 
als  needed  for  war  production,  then 
we’re  doing  wrong.  But  .  .  .  we’re  al¬ 
so  doing  wrong  if  we  just  scuttle  all 
the  things  so  typically  American  and 
that  have  made  life  pleasant  and 
worthwhile  because  we  feel  hopeless 
about  it  all  and  that  just  about  every¬ 
thing  we  do  is  futile,  anyway.  That’s 
very  poor  morale  .  .  .  and  has  no  place 
in  our  American  way  of  thinking. 

The  very  boys  you’ve  danced  with 
this  summer,  Linda,  are  fighting  that 
your  high  school  may  have  a  football 
team  and  engage  in  clean  sports  con¬ 
tests  with  other  schools.  They’re  fight¬ 
ing  that  you  may  put  on  your  long, 
frilly  dress  and  dancing  slippers  and 
enjoy  your  class  frolics.  They’re  fight¬ 
ing  that  you  may  have  the  right  to 
stand  up  and  oppose  your  classmates 
in  open  debate  on  any  question  you 
may  want  to  voice  an  opinion  about. 
They’re  fighting  for  the  American  way 
of  life  .  .  .  free,  independent  and  rich 
with  opportunity  for  its  young  people 
to  have  education  and  equal  chance. 

We’ll  be  letting  them  down  if  we  do 
away  with  all  the  things  they’re  fight¬ 
ing  for.  “it’s  a  time  for  really  putting 
first  things  first  .  .  .  some  things  we 
will  have  to  put  by  for  the  duration, 
yes  .  .  .  but  not  the  innocent,  yet  im¬ 
portant,  things  you  mention. 

*  *  * 

Don’t  Go 

Dear  Lucile :  I  am  23  and  have  a  small 
daughter.  My  husband  has  a  good  job 
and  we  could  be  happy  only  he  gambles, 
stays  away  from  home  for  days  at  a  time 
and  allows  me  no  privileges ;  doesn’t  even 
want  me  to  visit  my  folks.  He  gives  me 
no  money. 

There  is  a  fellow  who  would  take  my 
daughter  and  myself  out  to  shows  and 
show  us  good  times,  but  I  haven’t  gone 
because  I  didn’t  think  I  should,  being  a 
married  woman.  Is  it  wrong  to  go  with 
him ;  should  I  get  a  divorce  or  what 
should  I  do? — Unhappy. 

You  have  done  right  by  turning 
down  this  man’s  offers  to  take  you  and 
your  daughter  out.  After  all,  you  are 
still  married,  even  though  your  hus¬ 
band  is  not  considerate  or  attentive, 
and  to  start  going  around  with  some¬ 
one  else  would  harm  your  reputation, 
make  your  daughter  the  target  for  un¬ 
pleasant  talk  and  complicate  things  if 
you  should  decide  you  wanted  to  start 
divorce  proceedings. 

If  conditions  are  exactly  as  you  have 
described  them,  certainly  there  is  not 
much  love  or  joy  in  your  existing  mar¬ 
riage  relationships.  There  is  your 
child  to  consider,  however  .  .  .  and  the 
important  matter  of  getting  her  pro¬ 
vided  for.  Consider  everything  care¬ 
fully. 

*  *  * 

Parents  Should  Meet  Friend 

Dear  Lucile:  I  am  going  with  a  boy  I 
like  a  lot,  only  he  drinks.  Should  that 
make  any  difference?  He  asked  me  my 
age  and  I  told  him  I  was  15.  Should  I 
have  said  I  was  a  few  years  older?  I  live 
only  six  miles  from  him  but  he  wants 
me  to  write  him  a  letter.  Should  I? 

My  parents  say  I  can’t  go  out  with 
boys  unless  they  come  to  the  house  after 
me  so  they  may  meet  them  and  get  ac¬ 
quainted.  Should  parents  be  so  inquisi¬ 
tive? — Undecided. 

Yes;  drinking  makes  a  big  difference. 
Don’t  go  with  boys  who  drink.  Never 
story  about  your  age, ...  at  least  un¬ 
til  you’re  over  45.  It  seems  rather 
silly  to  write  letters  to  this  boy  if  you 
live  only  six  miles  apart. 

Parents  aren’t  being  inquisitive  when 
they  insist  that  the  boy  friends  of  their 
15-year-old  daughter  come  to  the  house 
after  her  so  they  can  get  acquainted. 
They’re  only  being  good,  sensible  par¬ 
ents.  They’re  interested  in  your  wel¬ 
fare  ...  be  sure  you  appreciate  their 
interest. 


RADIO ’S 

“Little  Red  Schoolhouse” 
Returns  to  the  Air 


Monday,  September  28. 


Is  proud  to  bring  the  “School  of  the  Air” 
programs  back  to  city  and  rural  schools  in 
the  range  of  its  50,000  watts. 

More  than  200  schools  in  the  rural  and  out¬ 
lying  areas  have  received  benefit  from  270 
programs  dealing  with  Science — Music — 
History — and  Art  Appreciation. 

It  is  through  WHAM’S  Clear  Channel 
Broadcasting  System  that  these  schools,  vas 
far  as  130  miles  away,  are  able  to  participate 
in  the  daily  courses. 

WHAM 

Rochester,  New  York 
1180  on  your  dial  50,000  watts 


Would  You... 

Like  This  Kind 
of  Work  ? 

We  have  several  openings  in  our 
organization  for  men  to  become  in¬ 
surance  advisors  and  represent  us 
in  agricultural  territories.  This  is  a 
wonderful  work  —  helping  friends 
and  neighbors  to  plan  future  pro¬ 
tection  for  their  homes  and  their 
loved  ones. 

Men  between  the  ages  of  25  and  45 
with  a  record  of  success  in  farming 
or  other  enterprise,  interested  in 
developing  a  profitable  and  highly 
respected  business  of  their  own, 
should  ask  for  complete  informa¬ 
tion.  Experience  is  not  necessary. 

Write  us,  giving  your  age,  and  outlin¬ 
ing  your  past  experience.  Address 

MARTIN  W.  LAMMERS,  Supt.  of  Agencies 

FARMERS  AND  TRADERS 
LIFE  INSURANCE  CO. 

HOME  OFFICE  —  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 

Organized  in  1912  Assets  $11,585,589 


FALSE 

TEETH 


90  DAY  TRIAL 

MONEY  BACK  GUARANTEE  of 
SATISFACTION  protects  you. 


6  th  YEAR 

Buy  where  thousands  have 
been  satisfied.  We  make 
FALSE  TEETH  for  you  from 
your  own  impressions. 

LOW 
AS 

795 


cr  tin  tin  MntlCV  write  TODA  Y  for  FREE 
d  L  W  It  nU  IVIUntT  Booklet  and  Material. 

I  B.  CLEVELAND  DENTAL  PLATE  CO. 

Dept.  22-P2  East  SH  Louis,  Illinois 


ti r„  A  „„  To  make  your  wool  into  yarn. 

We  Are  Prepared  Writc  for  prices,  Also  yarn 

for  sale.  H.  A.  BARTLETT,  HARMONY,  MAINE. 


Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


BUY 

UNITED 
STATES 
AVINGS 
RONDS 
AND  STAMPS 


Harvey  Cordell,  R-l,  Adamstown,  Md. 


Speaking  of 
PATIENCE 

When  careless  and  thoughtless 
trespassers  leave  your  pasture  bar- 
ways  open,  shoot  your  chickens  and 
livestock  and  commit  other  nuis¬ 
ances,  the  mention  of  patience  is 
out  of  the  question.  You  are  ready 
to  go  into  action.  But  before  you  do, 

Post  Your  Farm 

with  our  “NO  TRESPASSING ”  signs 

and  you  will  have  the  law  clearly  on 
your  side.  Our  signs  are  printed  on 
heavy  fabric  (12"xl2")  that  with¬ 
stands  wind  and  weather.  They  are 
easy  to  see  and  read. 

Price  WITHOUT  Name  and  Address 
$1.00  per  doz.;  $3.50  per  50:  $6.50  per  100 
Price  WITH  Name  and  Address 
$3.00  per  doz.:  $5.50  per  50;  $8.50  per  100 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 

10  N.  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


(536)  22 


American  Agriculturist,  September  26,  1942 


A.  W.  FIELD 

Writing  for  her  husband  from  Louns- 
bery,  N.  Y.,  Mrs.  A.  W.  Field  says,  “I 
wonder  if  the  lack  of  facilities  for  stor¬ 
ing  the  colostrum  doesn’t  keep  a  great 
many  farmers  from  pre-milking.  1 
know  that  is  why  we  didn’t  pre-milk  a 
heifer  in  July  which  we  wanted  to.” 


JIM  §TONE 

In  a  letter  which  is  so  interesting 
and  so  full  of  sound  common  sense  that 
I  wish  I  could  print  it  all  and  share 
it  with  the  readers  of  this  page,  Jim 
Stone  of  Marcellus,  N.  Y.,  has  this  to 
say  about  pre-milking,  “It  is  a  bit 
strange  that  the  practice  has  not,  ere 
now,  become  quite  a  universal  one.  It 
smacks  so  much  of  common  sense. 
Since  it  is  quite  the  common  practice 
of  most  breeders  to  feed  quite  heavily 
during  the  cow’s  vacation  period,  it 
sounds  extremely  sensible  to  relieve 
early  the  cow’s  congested  udder.  In  this 
way  the  cow  gets  nicely  underway  be¬ 
fore  calving. 

“The  practice  is  very  extensively  us¬ 
ed  at  Dunloggin,  Ellicott  City,  Mary¬ 
land,  under  the  supervision  of  Paul 
Misner.  Some  of  their-animals  fre¬ 
quently  give  50  to  60  pounds  of  milk 
before  calving.  When  the  heifer  is  pre¬ 
milked  much  tenderness  of  the  udder 
is  done  away  with  and  the  new  ex¬ 
perience  of  being  milked  is  less  hard  to 
take. 

“The  question  was  asked  at  our  An¬ 
nual  Meeting  of  the  Holstein-Friesian 
Association  at  Minneapolis  of  Professor 
Peterson  of  Minnesota  University  as  to 
whether  the  colostrum  milk  was  essen¬ 
tial  to  the  well-being  of  the  new  born 
calf  and  he  said  ‘no’  ....  I  would  say 
that  it  is  a  safe  and  sound  practice 
and  a  common-  procedure  not  only  to 
pre-milk  heifers  but  also  any  cow 
which  has  greatly  developed  udders’.” 

FRANK  R.  WALTON 

Writing  from  Boonville,  N.  Y.,  Frank 
R.  Walton  lists  his  experience  both 
with  animals  he  has  pre-milked  and 
others  which  were  not  pre-milked  and 
which  as  a  result  in  his  opinion  either 
died  or  were  ruined.  Summing  up,  he 
says,  “Any  opposition  to  pre-milking 
is  just  a  matter  of  hide-bound  pre¬ 
judice;  nothing  less.  Hope  you  will  be 
able  to  really  start  a  discussion  of  the 
pre-milking  practice.” 

DOWN  MEXICO  WAY 

September  13,  1942. 

I  promised  to  report  on  our  methods 
and  results  in  making  our  fourth  cut¬ 
ting  of  hay.  Rains  were  the  general 


find  the  hay  in  surprisingly  good  shape. 

The  last  fifteen  acres  which  we  cut 
followed  the  big  rain.  Because  of  the 
damp  ground  we  had  to  turn  the  hay 
several  times  before  it  was  ready  to 
bale.  The  slow  curing,  however,  was 
not  damaging  since  the  sun  is  not  so 
hot  now  and  there  was  little  discoloring 
of  the  tops  of  the  windrows. 

MOISTURE 

Although  the  summer  has  been  ex¬ 
ceptionally  and  almost  disastrously  dry 
for  the  rancher,  there  is  more  subsur¬ 
face  moisture  this  fall  than  in  years. 
The  artesian  basin  from  which  we  get 
our  irrigation  water  is  well  filled  and 
will  no  doubt  present  problems  this 
fall  in  stopping  the  flow  of  wells  not 
equipped  with  valves.  I  noticed  this 
morning-  while  riding  over  the  farm 
that  a  neighbor’s  well  is  beginning  to 
flow.  A  rise  in  the  basin  of  four  feet 
will  start  two  of  our  wells  flowing.  The 
big  rain  last  week  and  recent  showers 
since  have  done  away  with  the  need  of 
any  irrigation  until  early  spring  and  I 
expect  our  wells  will  be  flowing  soon. 

HORSES 

By  the  time  you  read  this,  there  will 
be  in  Mount  Holly,  N.  J.,  a  carload  of 
western  saddle  horses  such  as  Dad 
mentioned  last  issue.  They  will  be  ship¬ 
ped  tomorrow.  I  have  been  gathering 
up  these  horses  for  the  past  month.  In 
selecting  them  I  paid  special  attention 
to  getting  horses  which  had  actually 
been  doing  ranch  work.  In  the  ship¬ 


The  five  little  Brahma  heifer  calves 
we  brought  in  with  our  carload  of 
steer  calves  from  Texas  are  attract¬ 
ing  a  lot  of  attention  in  the  neigh¬ 
borhood.  In  the  strange  country  in 
which  they  have  landed  they  appear 
to  have  confidence  only  in  each  oth¬ 
er.  They  graze,  sleep,  and  fight  flies 
always  in  the  same  compact  forma¬ 
tion.  They  were  awfully  wild  when 
they  arrived  but  are  gradually  be¬ 
coming  tame.  However,  it  will  take 
months  of  careful  handling  before 
they  will  be  as  quiet  and  trusting  as 
our  Guernseys  or  even  our  Herefords. 


try.  To  overcome  both  of  the  faults, 
thoroughbred  stallions  for  sometime 
now  have  been  used  to  bring  down  size 
and  take  out  the  meanness.  This  has 
been  only  in  part  successful.  Hot 
blooded  horses  tend  to  wear  themselves 
out  too  fast. 

New  breeds  are  now  being  develop¬ 
ed  that  incorporate  all  of  the  blood 
lines  mentioned  above,  but  which  by 
selection  are  better  suited  to  general 
ranch  use.  Prominent  among  these 
breeds  is  the  Quarter  horse  which  is 
being  especially  developed  in  the 
Southwest  now,  although  possessing  a 
history  in  the  United  States  for  the 
past  100  years.  Like  the  Morgan  breed, 
the  Quarter  horse  for  the  most  part 
traces  back  to  one  great  stallion, 
“Steeldust.” 

The  Quarter  horse  has  been  describ¬ 
ed  as,  “The  greatest  cow-horse  ever 
developed.  .  .speed  to  overtake  the  fast¬ 
est  calf,  weight  to  hold  the  heaviest 


are  raised  are  now  fenced  with  barbed 
wire.  The  colts  are  allowed  to  run  wild 
until  three  years  old.  Inevitably  at  some 
time  they  get  \mixed  up  in  a  fence. 
Since  they  are  seldom  seen  and  are 
too  wild  to  catch  in  pasture,  they  of¬ 
ten  do  not  receive  proper  care  when 
cut  and  ugly  scars  result.  Fences  have 
made  the  cowboys'  work  easier  but 
they  have  also  made  raising  horses 
more  of  a  problem. 

CROPS 

We  are  looking  forward  with  some 
apprehension  to  the  problem  of  picking 
our  bumper  crop  of  cotton.  The  labor 
supply  for  farms  and  ranches  here  is 
at  its  best  none  too  adequate.  The  vast 
amount  of  extra  labor  needed  to  har¬ 
vest  cotton  at  the  present  time  just 
does  not  seem  to  be  available.  With 
the  higher  costs  which  we  have  had 
this  year  in  raising  the  crop  and  the 
prospect  of  paying  up  to  thirty  dollars 
a  bale  to  pick  it,  cotton  at  its  present 
selling  price  looks  now  to  be  our  most 
uneconomical  crop  this  year. 

For  the  past  week  we  have  been 
feeding  ear  corn  to  our  hogs.  The  corn 
is  still  soft  and  carrying  too  much 
moisture  for  harvest.  It  is,  however, 
making  good  hog  feed  and  promises  a 
good  yield. 

Most  of  our  wheatland  maize  is  now 
ripe  enough  to  combine.  Since  it  will 
not  shell  out  to  any  extent  and  since 
there  are  many  sucker  heads  yet  to 
harden,  it  will  be  a  month  before  we 
can  .harvest  it. — H.  E.  Babcock,  Jf- 


Kernels,  Screenings 
and  Chaff 

,  ,  * - - - - - — 

By  H.  E.  BABCOCK 


APPARENTLY  there  is  more  in¬ 
terest  on  the  part  of  the  read¬ 
ers  of  this  page  in  milking  dairy 
heifers  and  cows  before  they 
freshen  than  I  thought.  I  have  receiv¬ 
ed  several  letters  commenting  on  the 
practice. 

Space  does  not  permit  quoting  from 
all  of  these  letters  or  even  quoting  the 
full  comment  of  those  whose  opinions 
appear  below. 

DR.  F.  A.  JORDAN 

Writing  from  Horseheads,  N.  Y.,  Dr. 
F.  A.  Jordan  says,  “Pre-milking  of 
dairy  heifers  has  been  tried  on  my 
farm  but  I  am  not  satisfied  that  it  is 
of  any  benefit  unless  the  heifers  have 
been  receiving  a  large  amount  of  grain. 
I  do  not  grain  my  heifers  heavily  be¬ 
fore  they  come  in.” 


rule  all  during  the  time  that  we  were 
making  this  cutting.  With  the  excep¬ 
tion  of  about  fifteen  acres,  all  of  the 
hay  was  sprinkled  from  one  to  four 
times,  enough  each  afternoon  to  stop 
baling  and  to  toughen  it  so  that  it 
could  not  be  worked  on  again  until  the 
next  afternoon. 

We  finally  were  able  to  get  baled  all 
of  the  hay  we  had  down  by  working 
until  dark  one  night.  In  the  rush  to  get 
the  hay  baled  we  naturally  had  no  time 
to  draw  the  bales  to  the  barn.  Over 
the  weekend  we  had  two  and  a  half 
inches  of  rain,  which  soaked  many  of 
the  bales  through.  By  turning  these 
bales  on  end  and  handling  them  sev¬ 
eral  times,  we  finally  got  them  dried 
out  and  in  the  barn.  We  started  feed¬ 
ing  some  of  these  bales  yesterday  and 


ment  are  several  which  are  outstanding 
cow  horses  capable  of  handling  a  thou¬ 
sand  pound  cow  on  the  end  of  a  rope 
tied  to  the  saddle  horn.  Others  are 
good  calf-roping  horses  and  cutting 
horses. 

In  addition  to  their  specialties,  all  of 
these  ranch  horses  give  a  good  ride  at 
ground  covering  gaits  that  are  neither 
tiring  to  the  horse  or  rider.  For  the 
most  part  they  are  exceptionally  sure¬ 
footed,  having  been  born  and  raised 
and  used  in  rough  mountain  country. 
Through  selection  over  the  years  they 
are  also  tough-hoofed. 

Blood  lines  are  diffused  and  many. 
Recognizable  are  breeds  called  in  this 
country,  “Spanish”  and  "Indian”,  there 
being  only  a  subtle  difference  between 
the  two.  They  are,  however,  significant 
for  they  are  largely  the  base  for  most 
of  the  horses  in  this  country.  The  main 
failing  of  these  blood  lines  is  size,  and 
traces  of  Percheron,  and  other  draft 
breeds  can  be  seen  as  a  result  of  the 
importation  of  these  heavier  breeds  by 
breeders  some  years  ago  in  their  at¬ 
tempt  to  get  heavier  horses.  For  the 
most  part  they  found  that  the  resultant 
cross  retained  the  spunky  fighting 
meanness  of  the  Spanish  blood,  but 
that  the  horses  tended  to  be  too  large 
for  economical  work  over  rough  coun¬ 


steer,  endurance  to  work  day  after  day, 
and  finally  a  desire  and  love  of  work 
with  cattle.”  They  are  heavily  muscled, 
especially  on  the  forearm  and  the 
thigh,  a  characteristic  that  is  so  out¬ 
standing  that  they  are  immediately 
recognizable.  In  years  to  come,  more 
and  more  will  be  heard  of  Quarter 
horses. 

WIRE  FENCES 

It  has  been  difficult  to  find  many 
horses  in  this  country  which  do  not 
have  a  wire  cut  of  some  kind.  The  cat¬ 
tle  ranches  where  most  of  the  horses 


American  Agriculturist,  September  26,  1942 


23  (  537) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 

By  <M-.  Jl.  Coniine 


LOOPHOLES 

“We  are  carrying  a  family  hospitaliza¬ 
tion  policy  covering  the  whole  family 
costing  $1.50  a  month.  We  thought  we 
were  well  protected  in  case  of  sickness 
or  accident.  About  5  weeks  ago,  I  went 
to  the  hospital  for  an  operation  for 
chronic  appendicitis.  The  surgeon  found, 
other  troubles  and  when\  our  claim  was 
put  in  to  the  insurance  company,  it  was 
refused  on  the  grounds  that  the  opera¬ 
tion  was  not  for  a  trouble  common  to 
both  sexes.” 

This  letter  is  good  evidence  to  sup¬ 
port  our  oft-repeated  advice  that  in¬ 
surance  policies  should  be  purchased 
only  from  companies  licensed  to  do 
business  in  the  State  in  which  you  re¬ 
side.  'The  company  in  which  this 
policy  was  taken  was  not  so  licensed. 
There  are  a  number  of  loopholes  in 
the  conditions  stated  in  the  policy,  and 
there  is  no  way  to  force  a  settlement 
or  to  prevent  the  company  from  tak¬ 
ing  advantage  of  those  loopholes. 
Again,  we  repeat,  it  is  wise  to  deal 
only  with  insurance  companies  that  are 
licensed  to  do  business  in  your  state. 

— a.  a. — 

FARM  TRACTORS 

There  has  been  some  confusion  rela¬ 
tive  to  the  use  of  unregistered  farm 
tractors  and  trailers  in  New  York 
State.  Where  these  tractors  and  trail¬ 
ers  are  used  on  the  highway  only  in¬ 
cidentally  and  where  their  chief  pur¬ 
pose  is  crop  production,  it  is  unneces¬ 
sary  to  secure  registration  plates. 
Where  crops  are  hauled  to  market,  in¬ 
cluding  the  hauling  of  milk  to  a 
creamery  or  a  receiving  station,  a 
license  is  required  on  both  the  truck 
and  the  trailer. 

Incidentally,  there  are  certain  bor¬ 
der-line  cases,  but  the  New  York  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Motor  Vehicles  takes  the  stand 
that  the  dividing  line  comes  where 
production  ends  and  marketing  begins. 

—A.  A.— 

OLD  SWINDLE  GAME 

The  State  Police  in  Schoharie  Coun¬ 
ty,  N.  Y.,  recently  arrested  one  of  two 
men  who,  it  is  claimed,  swindled  a 
Schoharie  County  farmer.  The  deal 
was  a  variation  of  an  old  one  which 
has  fleeced  honest  people  out  of  con¬ 
siderable  money  in  the  past. 

The  two  men  called  at  the  farm,  one 
of  them  claiming  that  some  years  ago 
his  father  built  a  road  in  the  county 
and  that  one  of  his  employees  ab¬ 
sconded  with  money  belonging  to  resi¬ 
dents  in  that  area.  Now  he  wanted  to 
make  the  losses  good.  He  produced  a 
package  which  he  said  contained 
$15,000,  and  asked  for  the  farmer’s 
help.  He  asked  the  farmer  to  put  up 
$900  to  show  his  good  faith,  which  was 
done.  Supposedly  all  of  the  money 
was  put  in  a  box,  and  *  the  men  left, 
saying  they  would  return  shortly.  They 
didn’t  come  back,  and  on  examination, 
the  package  was  found  to  contain  four 
one  dollar  bills  wrapped  up  in  news¬ 
papers. 

The  man  arrested  has  been  charged 
with  Grand  Larceny. 

* 

—  A.  A. — 

"TWISTED” 

“I  have  a  letter  from  a  Western  In¬ 
surance  Company.  They  tell  me  '  the 
reason  they  can  sell  insurance  policies 
ior  less  money  is  that  they  do  not  deal 
through  agents.  Is  that  reasonable?” 

*  *  * 


and  therefore  were  able  to  sell  for  less 
money.” 

These  two  letters  illustrate  a  couple 
of  wrong  impressions  that  should  be 
corrected.  An  unlicensed  insurance  com¬ 
pany  cannot  solicit  business  through 
agents.  Therefore,  they  try  to  twist 
the  facts  and  make  the  situation  ap¬ 
pear  as  an  advantage  to  the  buyer. 
The  Service  Bureau  advises  against 
dealing  with  insurance  companies  that 
are  not  licensed  in  the  state  where 
you  live.. 

Long  experience  has  shown  that  ad¬ 
vertising  in  reputable  publications  ts 
one  of  the  cheapest  ways  of  promot¬ 
ing  sales.  Therefore,  it  is  a  good  idea 
to  be  suspicious  of  any  concern  that 
makes  a  virtue  out  of  failure  to  adver¬ 
tise.  Manufacturers  of  national  brands 
are  jealous  of  their  reputation,  there¬ 
fore  go  to  great  lengths  to  maintain 
quality.  “Fly  by  night”  products  may 
look  just  as  good,  but  use  will  show 
their  defects,  and  usually  it  is  then  too 
late  to  get  any  adjustment. 

— a.  a. — 

SECOND  HAND 

I  sent  some  money  to  a  Brooklyn  firm 
advertising  used  clothing.  They  have  a 
rather  attractive  catalog.  In  spite  of  that, 
I  did  not  hear  from  them  for  four  weeks, 
and  then  only  after  I  had  written  them. 
When  the  goods  came,  they  were  nothing 
like  the  descriptions  in  the  catalog.  I  re¬ 
turned  them,  but  as  yet  have  had  no 
refund. 

It  seems  obvious  to  ust  that  a  com¬ 
pany  dealing  in  used  clothing  cannot 
put  out  a  catalog  describing  articles 
carefully.  There  is  no  standard  for  such 
goods,  and  they  could  not  in  many 
cases  secure  enough  volume  of  any  one 
article  to  fill  a  bunch  of  orders.  Sev¬ 
eral  subscribers  have  recently  express¬ 
ed  dissatisfaction  in  dealing  with  such 
concerns. 

— a.  a. — 

ENLARGEMENTS 

I  gave  a  picture  to  an  agent  who  was 
representing  a  large  portrait  company.  I 
paid  him  $3  down  and  was  to  pay  $4.95 
when  the  enlargement  of  the  picture  was 
delivered.  The  picture  was  supposed  to 
have  been  delivered  before  this,  but  I 
have  heard  nothing  about  it. 

We  will  be  glad  to  attempt  to 
straighten  this  out.  At  the  same  time, 
we  want  to  repeat  the  statement  we 
have  often  made  in  the  past — namely, 
that  our  subscribers  more  often  report 
dissatisfaction  than  satisfaction  when 
dealing  with  such  concerns.  A  local 
commercial  photographer  will  be  glad 
to  enlarge  any  picture  for  you,  and  in 
our  opinion  results  are  liable  to  be  far 
more  satisfactory. 

— a.  a. — 

"GUARANTEED” 

I  bought  a  cow,  and  the  seller  guaran¬ 
teed  that  she  was  healthy  and  that  she 
would  give  40  lbs.  of  milk  a  day.  Later  I 
find  that  she  has  hoof  rot,  and  she  has 
not  given  anywhere  near  the  40  lbs.  The 
seller  agreed  to  make  it  good,  but  as  yet 
has  not  done  it. 

A  guarantee  is  no  better  than  the 
man  who  gives  it.  Personally,  we  would 
be  very  suspicious  of  any  dealer  who 
guaranteed  that  a  cow  would  give  any 
particular  amount  of  milk.  When  again 
buying  cows,  consider  these  sugges¬ 
tions:  (1)  Find  out  all  you  can  about 
the  cow  before  you  buy  her.  (2)  Be  as 
sure  as  you  can  that  the  seller  is  hon¬ 
est.  Of  course,  the  Service  Bureau  will 
attempt  to  get  an  adjustment  in  this 
case. 


'An  agent  called  at  my  place  the  other 
<*ay.  The  product  he  was  selling  looked 
all  right,  and  his  price  was  low.  He  told 
that  his  company  did  not  advertise, 


Buy  War  Bonds  and  Stamps 


In  BASEBALL  you  have  three  strikes  at  the 
plate  and  then  you’re  out.  When  driving  a  car 
on  the  road,  vour  chances  are  more  limited. 
Mr.  Joseph  Fedezyszyn,  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y., 
had  only  two  chances  at  the  wheel.  He  had 
just  finished  a  day’s  work  of  building  houses 
out  in  N,  Tonawanda  and  was  on  his  way  home 
to  supper.  When  he  came  to  the  railroad  cross¬ 
ing — the  same  crossing  he  had  gone  over  four 
times  a  day  for  nineteen  years — he  somehow 
didn’t  see  the  train  coming.  With  a  terrific 
crash,  the  engine  struck  his  light  truck.  He 
died  a  few  hours  after  the  accident.  Thirteen 
years  ago  Mr.  Fedezyszyn  was  struck  at  the  same 
crossing — his  car  demolished  but  he  uninjured. 

Now  there  are  ten  Fedezyszyn  children  with¬ 
out  a  father — three  of  the  boys  are  serving  in 
the  army.  The  North  American  Accident  In¬ 
surance  Company  delivered  a  much  needed 
$1000.00  check  to  Mrs.  Fedezyszyn,  benefici¬ 
ary  on  her  husband’s  Travel  Accident  Policy. 


JCee* a  Ifou/i  Policy  P&n&wed 


North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co. 

Oldest  and  C&'gest  SxcfLSive  CHeahfi  and  Occident  Oorripany  in  America 

N. A. Associates  Department  Poughkeepsie. n.y. 


is  rooted 


Land 


PATRIOTISM 

deep  in  Ownership  of  the 


FROM  the  battles  of  Concord  and  Lexington — where  farmers  "fired  the  shot  heard  'round  the 
world" — on  through  the  signing  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  and  the  Revolutionary  War 
...  on  through  all  the  wars  that  America  has  fought  since  .  .  .  her  farmers  have  played  a  lead¬ 
ing  and  heroic  role. 

The  patriotism  of  the  farm  is  rooted  deep  in  ownership  of  the  land.  American  farmers  have 
always  been  ready  to  lay  down  their  lives  for  the  land  they  own,  and  for  the  liberty  to  occupy  and 
till  it  in  peace. 

And  in  every  war  this  Nation  has  fought,  many  farmers  have  bled  and  died.  Many  others—their 
brothers  and  fathers — have  worked  the  land  shorthanded.  Worked  from  long  before  dawn  until  long 
after  dusk.  And  their  wives  and  children  have  worked  beside  them. 


But  with  or  without  this  equality,  the  American  farmer  stands 
today  where  he  has  always  stood — the  Nation's  solidest 
anchor.  His  patriotism  is  unshakable.  Of  all  civilians,  his 
sacrifices  come  closer  to  those  of  the  fighting  services!  He 
needs  no  one  to  write  his  praises.  He  needs  only  JUSTICE. 


Food  was  the  reason.  Food  for  the  army,  food  for  the  navy,  food  for  the  civilian  populations 
working  in  the  factories. 

They  have  produced  that  food  at  a  sacrifice — not  only  of  sweat,  and  blood  and  tears,  but  a 
sacrifice  of  capital  and  wages  and  profit.  That's  why  today,  farmers  are  entitled  to  prices  comparable 

to  that  of  labor,  hour  for  hour,  not  overlooking  the  labor  of 
farm  women  and  children.  And  that's  why  today,  farmers  are 
entitled  to  earnings  comparable  to  the  earnings  of  industry, 
dollar  for  dollar  of  investment,  risk  for  risk  of  capital,  depre¬ 
ciation  for  depreciation  of  land  and  buildings  and  tools 
and  materials. 


Published  by  THE  THOUSANDS  OF  FARMERS  WHO  0WN,V0PERATE  AND  CONTROL  THE  DAIRYMEN'S  LEAGUE 


* 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 


FARMERS  FIGHT  FOR 
SQUARE  PRICE  DEAL 


fey  &.  (1. 


From  left  to  right  these  farm  leaders  are:  Edward  A.  O’Neal,  President 
of  the  American  Farm  Bureau  Federation;  H.  E.  Babcock,  President  of 
the  National  Council  of  Farmer  Cooperatives;  and  Albert  S.  Goss,  Master 
of  the  National  Grange. 

Because  these  men,  together  with  other  farm  leaders  and  many  mem¬ 
bers  of  Congress,  are  standing  for  fair  prices  for  farm  products,  many 
newspapers  and  radio  commentators  have  been  abusive,  calling  them  profi¬ 
teers  and  unpatriotic.  Yet  their  fight  is  even  more  in  the  interests  of  the 
consumer  than  it  is  for  farmers,  because  if  farmers  cannot  get  prices  to 
cover  farm  wages  and  other  costs  of  production,  consumers,  not  farmers, 
will  be  the  first  to  go  hungry.  Be  sure  to  read  on  this  page  the  story  of 

this  situation. 


The  fight  was  brought  to  a  head 
when  President  Roosevelt,  in  his 
Labor  Day  speech,  said  that  prices 
must  be  controlled  in  order  to  pre¬ 
vent  inflation,  and  laid  most  of  the 
blame  for  rising  prices  of  food  on 
farmers.  He  told  Congress  that  either 
it  must  pass  a  law  by  October  1  reg¬ 
ulating  farm  prices  or  else  he,  the 
President,  would  do  it  without  Con¬ 
gress.  At  the  same  time,  he  promised 
that  he  would  stabilize  industrial 

wages.  But  in  the  light  of  govern¬ 
ment’s  favoritism  toward  labor,  farm 
leaders  have  no  confidence  that  in¬ 
dustrial  wages  will  be  stabilized  and 
controlled. 

Farm  Income 

Leaders  of  the  Administration  in 
Congress  immediately  drafted  a  bill 
which  would  repeal  the  law  already 
on  the  books  which  forbids  setting 
farm  price  ceilings  at  less  than  110 
per  cent  of  parity,  and  reducing  the  figure  to 
100  per  cent.  Boiled  down  to  simple  lang¬ 
uage,  parity  means  the  farmer’s  purchasing 
power  now  as  compared  to  some  period  in  the 
past.  The  usual  period  chosen  is  from  1910 
to  1914.  But  it  doesn’t  make  any  difference 
how  high  the  prices  are  which  the  farmer  re¬ 
ceives  if  his  costs  of  production  are  higher 

than  his  income. 

If  we  take  100  as  the  farmer’s  purchasing 
power  for  1910  to  1914,  then  he  is  receivings 
now  only  99,  while  the  wage  earner’s  purchas- 


ing  power  is  200  now  as  compared  to  1910  to 
1914.  Putting  it  another  way,  the  farmer’s 
purchasing  power  is  a  little  less  now  than  it 
was  during  1910  to  1914,  while  the  wage  earn¬ 
er’s  purchasing  power  has  doubled. 

Therefore,  farmers  and  their  organization 
leaders  are  rightfully  indignant  with  some  of 
the  politicians,  many  of  the  large  city  news¬ 
papers,  the  radio,  and  consumers  who  put  all 
the  blame  for  rising  prices  on  farmers  and 
oppose  the  farmer’s  efforts  to  get  enough  for 
his  products  to  enable  him  to  hire  the  help 


parity  from  110  to  100,  the  national 
farm  organizations,  working  with 
many  senators  and  representatives 
who  understand  the  gravity  of  the 
food  situation,  introduced  an  amend¬ 
ment  providing  that  farm  wages  must 
be  included  in  figuring  parity.  This 
would  raise  the  ceilings  of  all  farm 
prices  several  per  cent. 

And  that’s  what  the  fight  in  Con¬ 
gress  is  all  about.  President  Roosevelt 
told  Congress  that  under  no  consid¬ 
eration  *must  farm  wages  be  consid¬ 
ered  in  figuring  parity.  Nevertheless, 
the  House  of  Representatives  voted 
overwhelmingly  for  the  amendment 
to  include  them. 

In  the  midst  of  the  fight  I  sent  the 
following  telegram  to  every  senator 
and  every  member  of  the  House  of 
Rpresentatives  from  all  the  north¬ 
eastern  states  —  over  a  hundred  of 
them: 

“AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  FARM 
SUBSCRIBERS,  200,000  STRONG  IN  THE 

wmmmm  northeastern  states,  knowing 

THERE  IS  NO  ASSURANCE  OF  FAIR 
INDUSTRIAL  WAGE  CONTROL,  ARE  INDIG¬ 
NANT  AND  DISCOURAGED  OVER  GOVERN¬ 
MENT’S  UNFAIR  UNWISE  REFUSAL  TO  FIG¬ 
URE  FARM  WAGES  IN  PARITY.  THE  FOOD  SUP¬ 
PLY  LIKE  TIRES  AND  GASOLINE  SOON  WILL 
BE  FAR  MORE  IMPORTANT  THAN  THE  PRICE. 
THE  GOVERNMENT  INCONSISTENTLY  EN¬ 
COURAGES  HIGH  WAGES  IN  NON-FOOD  PRO¬ 
DUCTION,  BUT  A  SCARCITY  OF  FOOD  MAY 
DOSE  THE  WAR.  THE  CONTINUED  PRODUC¬ 
TION  OF  ESSENTIAL  FOODS  LIKE  DAIRY  AND 
POULTRY  ARE  ABSOLUTELY  DEPENDENT  ON 
THE  FARMER’S  ABILITY  TO  COMPETE  WITH 
OTHER  EMPLOYERS  ON  WAGES.”  E.  R.  EAST¬ 
MAN,  PRESIDENT  AND  EDITOR,  AMERICAN 
AGRICULTURIST. 

At  the  same  time  I  personally  telephoned 
several  leaders  in  Wash-  ( Turn  to  Page  10) 


ONE  OF  the  most  important 
farm  battles  ever  fought  on  the 
floor  of  Congress  is  under  way 
as  this  is  being  written.  The 

fight  narrows  down  to  the  simple 


question  of  whether  or  not  price  ceil¬ 

ings  of  farm  products  will  be  set  high 
enough  so  that  farmers  will  be  able  to 


produce  the  necessary  food  to  win 


necessary  to  produce  enough  food  to 
win  this  war. 


this  war. 


Farm  Wages 


When  parity  was  first  figured,  for 
some  reason  farm  wages  were  not  in¬ 
cluded.  As  wages  are  of  course  one  of 
the  chief  items  in  the  cost  of  produc¬ 
ing  food,  leaving  them  out  of  any 
price-fixing  calculations  is  Very  un¬ 
fair.  Therefore,  when  Congress  in¬ 
troduced  the  bill  to  reduce  farm 


IN  THIS  ISSUE  TWO  LETTERS  ON  FOOD  PRODUCTION,  Page  5;  POULTRY’S  FIFTH  COLUMN,  Page  6;  POTATO 
■ —  PRICE  OUTLOOK,  Page  7;  THE  TRAGIC  BETRAYAL  OF  THE  DAIRY  FARMERS’  UNION,  Page  8; 

RAISING  FALL  PIGS,  Page  16;  POULTRY  MEAT  NEEDED,  Page  17;  APPLE  TREATS,  Page  18. 


OCT.  10  M 


1  9  4 


lililiiiNiP^ 


The  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative  is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


nee  upon  a  time,  there 
were  five  G.L.F.  Poultry  men 


i  poultryman  had  400  hens,  eating 
about  ten  tons  of  mash  and  ten  tons  of 
grain  a  year.  They  ail  had  chickens  of  the 
saifte  breeding  and  they  all  got  the  same 
number  of  eggs.  But  each  followed  a 
different  feeding  plan. 


POULTRYMAN  NO.  1  bought  G.L.F.  Super  Laying  &  Breeding  Mash  and  Super 

Coarse  Scratch  Mash  cost  $640;  grain  cost  $430;  total  $1,070 . Cash  outlay . .  $3L>070 


POULTRYMAN  NO.  2  said,  “Since  my  hens  aren’t  breeders,  there’s  no  need  to  give 
them  a  breeding  mash.”  He  bought  G.L.F.  Laying  Mash  and  Super  Coarse  Scratch. 

Mash  cost  $570;  grain,  $430;  total  $1,000 . . . . . Cash  outlay . .  $1,000 

• 

POULTRYMAN  NO.  3  had  some  grain  of  his  own.  Instead  of  buying  scratch  grain, 
he  fed  his  own  grain  to  chickens,  figuring  the  value  at  what  he  could  sell  it  for,  at  about 

$1.80  per  hundred.  Laying  Mash  cost  $570;  his  own  grain,  $360;  total  $930.  .  .  Cash  outlay . . 

* 

POULTRYMAN  NO.  4  also  had  grain.  He  not  only  fed  it  as  scratch,  but  had  some 
of  it  ground  and  mixed  into  his  mash.  Super  Mixing  Mash,  (6,700  pounds)  cost  $255 
plus  13,300  pounds  of  his  own  grain,  $239;  mixing  charge,  $60;  Scratch  grain,  $360; 
total  $884.  . . Cash  outlay .  • 

POULTRYMAN  NO.  5  had  heard  that  chickens  will  eat  more  grain  than  mash  if 
given  “free  choice.”  He  made  a  higher  protein  mash  by  using  one  part  of  Super  Mixing 
Mash  to  one  and  one-half  parts  of  his  own  grain.  The  birds  ate  eight  tons  of  this  mash 
and  twelve  tons  of  grain.  Mash  cost  (6,400  pounds)  $243,  plus  $173  for  grain  (9,600 
pounds)  plus  $24  for  mixing  charge.  Scratch  grain,  $432;  Total  $872 . Cash  outlay.. 

★  ★  ★ 

Actual  figures  will  vary  in  different  localities  and  from  day  to  day,  and  of  course 
not  every  poultryman  can  make  all  the  savings  indicated  above.  But  in  wartime  every 
poultryman  owes  it  to  himself  and  to  his  country  to  feed  his  birds  as  well  and  as 
economically  as  he  can. 

Are  you  using  your  cooperative  poultry  feed  service  to  the  best  advantage? 

a 


$570 


$285 


$267 


Cooperative  G.L.F.  Exchange,  Inc.. 


FARM  MACHINERY  The  rationing  order 
,  on  farm  machinery 
AND  EQUIPMENT  and  equipment  will 

be  easier  to  comply 
with  if  you  memorize  all  items  in  Group  A 
apd  Group  C.  These  lists  are  short.  For 
articles  in  Group  A,  the  farmer  needs  a 
certificate  from  his  County  Rationing 
Board.  On  Group  C,  there  are  no  re¬ 
strictions — business  as  usual.  Practically 
all  other  machines,  tools,  and  equipment 
you  handle  fall  into  Group  B.  Farmers 
may  purchase  these  if  they  sign  a  form 
certifying  that  the  item  is  essential  for 
current  agricultural  production.  Your 
G.L.F.  Service  Agency  has  the  complete 
list  of  all  groups. 


FARMERS  GET  The  War  Production 
Board  is  offering  plaques 
IN  THE  SCRAP  and  pennants  to  states 
and  counties  piling  up 
the  biggest  heaps  of  scrap  metal.  The 
scrap  harvest  is  on  in  earnest,  and  farmers 
are  urged  again  to  make  a  roundup  of  all 
scrap  on  the  place  before  snow  covers  it 
for  the  winter. 

The  farm  junk  pile  is  oftentimes  more 
than  a  scrap  heap.  It’s  a  reservoir  for  re¬ 
pair  parts.  The  time  has  now  come  to 
separate  the  sheep  from  the  goats— put 
the  usable  stuff  in  one  pile,  and  turn  the 
rest  of  it  over  to  Uncle  Sam.  Repair  parts 
for  farm  machines  are  hard  to  get  and 
will  be  even  harder.  This  is  especially  true 
of  some  of  the  older-type  machines.  It 
would  be  a  poor  sort  of  patriotism  to  scrap 
usable  parts  for  a  binder— and  then  find 
yourself  or  a  neighbor  held  up  at  harvest 
time  next  year  by  the  lack  of  that  very 
part. 

But  after  setting  aside  the  things  you 
are  sure  will  come  in  handy,  there  prob¬ 
ably  will  be  plenty  of  junk  that  you  know 
you  will  never  use.  And  that’s  the  scrap 
that  ought  to  get  into  this  scrap  against 
the  Axis. 

*  *  * 


START  CALVES  Dairymen  can  help  meet 
rrri.  this  year  s  higher  milk 
ON  DRY  FEED  production  goals  not 
only  by  producing  more 
milk  but  by  shipping  a  greater  percentage 
of  what  thev  do  nroduce. 


The  present  price  of  milk  and  the  in¬ 
creasing  demands  of  a  country  at  war 
makes  it  more  than  ever  advisable  to  give 
consideration  to  starting  the  calves  on  a 
dry  feed.  G.L.F.  Calf  Starter  is  designed 
especially  for  this  purpose.  m 

To  start  a  calf  on  dry  feed,  first  hold  a 
little  of  it  in  your  hands  and  let  the  calf 
nibble  at  it  after  it  has  finished  drinking 
and  while  its  mouth  is  still  wet  with  milk. 
Then  put  up  a  box  of  Calf  Starter  fastened 
to  the  side  of  the  calf  pen,  clean  out  the 
box  every  day.  Feed  as  much  as  the  calf 
will  clean  up.  Remember  that  two  pounds 
of  G.L.F.  Calf  Starter  is  equal  to  about 
ten  pounds  of  milk  in  feeding  value,  so 
don’t  expect  the  calvbs  to  eat  a  lot  of  it. 


At  the  end  of  the  fourth  week,  the  whole 
milk  feeding  can  be  sharply  reduced  from 
about  ten  pounds  to  about  seven  pounds 
a  day. 


.Ithaca,  N.  Y* 


Ar  <erican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


3  (541) 


YOU  *  *  YOU  R  FARM  : 


truck  restrictions 

November  15  is  the  date  on  which 
further  restrictions  on  truck  operation 
will  become  effective.  Already  the 
Office  of  Defense  Transportation  is 
mailing  forms  to  truck  owners  on 
which  they  may  apply  for  a  “certifi¬ 
cate  of  war  necessity.”  If  you  get 
such  a  form,  do  not  neglect  to  fill  it 
out  and  return  it,  because  you  will 
need  the  “certificate  of  war  necessity” 
in  order  to  buy  gas,  oil,  tires,  or  parts. 
The  certificate  is  practically  a  license, 
and  there  is  every  probability  that  the 
O.D.T.  will  from  time  to  time  lay  down 
regulations  which  you  must  observe  or 
have  the  certificate  revoked. 

It  is  strong  medicine,  but  the  situa¬ 
tion  warrants  it.  It  is  a  question  of 
using  trucks  less  now  or  having  none 
at  all  before  the  war  is  over. 

—  a.  a. — 

FARM  MACHINES 

According  to  a  summary  of  the  re¬ 
sults  of  the  New  York  farm  machinery 
repair  schools  for  the  past  season  up 
to  August  1,  the  total  attendance  at 
farm  machinery  meetings  was  over 
33,000.  District  Engineers  and  their 
helpers  visited  2,730  farms  to  take  care 
of  special  problems.  Over  25,000  ma¬ 
chines  were  repaired  and  adjusted. 
Many  others  got  a  thorough  overhaul¬ 
ing  right  on  the  farm  as  a  result  of 
information  gained  by  attending  meet¬ 
ings. 

It  is  estimated  that  100  pounds  of 
steel  used  in  repairing  a  machine  often 
saves  a  ton  of  steel  that  would  be  re¬ 
quired  to  build  a  new  machine.  On 
this  basis,  it  is  estimated  that  the 
machinery  school  program  saved  two 
and  one-half  million  pounds  of  steel 
this  past  year. 

The  Extension  Service  of  the  Col¬ 
lege  of  Agriculture  can  well  be  proud 
of  the  results  of  these  schools.  The 
machinery  situation  next  year  will  be- 
even  more  serious,  and  the  discontinu¬ 
ing  of  these  schools  would  be  a  big 
mistake.  Next  year’s  cost  will  be  less 
because  of  equipment  already  bought. 

—  A.  A. — 

STRAWS  IN  TIIE  WIND 

Being  prepared  is  ration  book  with 
coupons  which  can  later  be  designated 
for  rationing  of  any  product.  Users  of 
fuel  oil  will  probably  be  rationed  at  75% 
of  last  year’s  consumption.  Meat  may 
be  rationed  before  long  at  2  y2  lbs.  per 
person  a  week.  An  Englishman  gets 
1  lb.;  a  German  12  oz.;  a  Rumanian 
5  oz.;  Axis  war  prisoners  none. 

Before  January  1,  men  in  armed 
services  are  expected  to  total  4,500,000. 
There  is  now  talk  that  eventually  the 
number  will  reach  13,000,000.  More 
than  600,000  men  are  now  overseas. 
Already  voluntary  enlistments  are  be¬ 
ing  refused  to  some  key  men,  except 
with  the  Local  Draft  Board’s  permis¬ 
sion.  It  is  estimated  that  at  least  one 
out  of  every  four  women  between  18 
and  44  will  be  employed  in  the  war  ef¬ 
fort  by  the  end  of  1943. 

In  August,  U.  S.  plane  production 
was  greater  than  the  combined  produc¬ 
tion  of  Germany,  Italy  and  Japan.  In 
the  same  month,  tank  production  was 
twice  that  of  December,  1941.  During 
-A-Ugust,  68  new  merchant  vessels  were 
Put  into  service. 

The  overall  picture  boils  down  to 


this.  About  50%  of  our  nation’s  pro¬ 
duction  is  now  geared  to  war  needs, 
with  still  greater  efforts  ahead.  As 
consumer  goods  now  on  storage  shelves 
are  used  up,  pinch  will  be  greater  and 
will  mean  rationing  of  more  goods. 
Less  consumption  and  more  production 
are  the  order  of  the  day.  In  producing 
foods,  munitions,  and  goods  for  the  use 
of  civilians,  the  problem  will  be  to  pro¬ 
duce  more  with  less  help. 

— a.  a. — 

SAVE  NITROGEN 

Compounds  of  nitrogen  are  unstable 
—  that  is,  they  break  up  easily.  That 
is  why  nitrogen  is  an  important  factor 
in  the  manufacture  of  explosives.  That 
in  a  nutshell  shows  why  restrictions 
are  unavoidable  on  the  use  of  nitrogen 
in  fertilizers. 

So  long  as  the  war  lasts,  it  is  im¬ 
portant  to  save  every  bit  of  nitrogen 
on  the  farm.  Here  are  some  ways 
this  can  be  done: 

1.  Draw  manure  to  the  fields  every 
day.  There  is  much  less  loss  of  nitro¬ 
gen  than  there  is  when  the  manure  is 
piled. 

2.  Use  plenty  of  bedding  to  absorb 
liquids. 

3.  Use  1  pound  of  superphosphate 
per  day  per  cow  in  the  stable.  We 
have  already  mentioned  that  nitrogen 
compounds  break  up  easily.  That  is 
why  ammonia  (which  contains  nitro¬ 
gen)  escapes  so  readily  from  farm 
manure.  The  use  of  superphosphate 
prevents  this  to  a  large  degree. 

4.  So  far  as  possible,  keep  some¬ 
thing  growing  on  your  fields  all  of 
the  time.  When  a  cultivated  crop  is 
harvested,  seed  a  cover  crop.  This 
crop  will  make  use  of  the  nitrogen  and 
prevent  its  being  carried  off  by  drain¬ 
age  water.  So  far  as  you  can,  use 
legume  cover  crops.  They  are  best  be¬ 
cause,  in  addition  to  preventing  loss  of 
nitrogen,  nodules  on  the  roots  will 
gather  nitrogen  from  the  air. 

5.  Plow  on  the  contour  instead  of  up 
and  down  hill.  This  prevents  run-off 
of  water  which  accounts  for  loss  of 
nitrogen,  and,  equally  important,  it 
keeps  water  in  the  soil  where  it  can 
be  used  by  the  crop. 

— a.  a. — 

HELP 

Postmaster  General  Wallace  has 
made  a  definite  announcement  that 
postal  employees  may  assist  in  the 
harvesting  of  crops.  The  announce¬ 
ment  is  important  because  regulations 
have  been  construed  as  prohibiting 
postal  employees  from  accepting  out¬ 
side  work. 

There  are  some  32,000  rural  mail 
carriers,  many  of  whom  have  some 
spare  time.  They  know  farm  condi¬ 
tions  and  the  farmers  on  their  routes, 
and  will  have  no  difficulty  in  finding 
'work. 

— a.  a. — 

COMPLEXIONS 

Recently  put  under  government  con¬ 
trol  are  cosmetics.  With  hope  of 
saving  17,000,000  lbs.  of  critical  ma¬ 
terials,  manufacturers  can  put  no  new 
products  on  the  market,  and  there  will 
be  definite  rationing  of  materials.  For 
the  first  time,  men  will  have  an  op¬ 
portunity  to  know  the  “unvarnished” 
truth  about  women. 


—YET  MILDER  SMOKES 


RIPE,  \ 

/  RICH— YET  T 
MILDEST  SMOKES 

I  KNOW _ THAT'S 

PRINCE  ALBERT.  WHAT 
A  CUT  FOR  ROLLING, 
TOO— FAST,  NO’SPILL 
FOR  SMOOTH,  FIRM, 

,  NO-WASTE  / 
V - SMOKES  M 


fine  roll-your-own 
cigarettes  in  every 
handy  pocket 
package  of  Prince 
Albert 


THAT  -Vg, .  • 

W  PRINCE  ALBERT  \ 
f  ’NO-BITE'  TREATMENT  \ 
GIVES  THE  REALTASTE 
AND  WONDERFUL  FRAGRANCE 
OF  CHOICE  TOBACCO.  PA. 
IS  EASY  ON  THE  TONGUE 
.  -CRIMP  CUT  TO  PACK  , 

\  AND  DRAW  _ A 

L-v  EASIER!/  __  N 


pipefuls  of  fragrant 
tobacco  in  every 
handy  pocket 
package  of  Prince 
k  Albert 


VTWsl o»- 


THE 


NATIONAL 
JOY  SMOKE 


PRINCE  ALBERT 


Buy  War  Savings  Bonds  and  Stamps 


(542)  4 


Aj  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


B  V  E .  R.  E  A  S  T/AA  N 


Address  all  mall  for  Editorial  or  Advertis¬ 
ing  departments  to  Americas  Agricnlturlrt, 

Savings  Bank  Building,  Ithaca,  New  York. 


FARM  BOYS  FOR  FARMS 
NOT  FACTORIES 

“Dear  Mr.  Eastman: 

“There  is  no  other  reading  material  that  comes 
in  our  home  that  is  enjoyed  as  much  as  ‘The  Editor¬ 
ial  Page’  by  E.  R.  Eastman.  After  reading  your 
page  and  giving  much  thought  to  the  problems  of 
the  farmer  today  and  tomorrow  (the  Future  Farm¬ 
ers  of  America— F.  F.  A.),  I  have  wondered  why  the 
boys  too  young  for  Army  life  who  have  had  four 
years  of  agriculture  and  graduated  from  high  school 
should  not  be  used  on  ‘The  Farm  Home  Front’  in¬ 
stead  of  in  factories.  They  should  be  organized  for 
Farm  defense.  We  all  know  too  well  that  the  city 
youths  are  of  little  use  in  farm  work.  The  agricul¬ 
tural  student  has  been  trained  extensively  during 
the  past  year  in  farm  machine  care  and  repair.  Why 
lose  them  from  the  work  for  which  they  are  fitted 
and  so  badly  needed  for  the  Home  welfare  and  the 
welfare  of  our  armed  men  ?  Why  don’t  farm  people 
do  something  about  this  before  it  is  too  late  ? 

“Mr.  Eastman,  I  sincerely  trust  I  have  written 
to  one  who  will  endeavor  to  get  in  touch  with  those 
whom  this  concerns.  I  hope  it  will  reach  the  proper 
source  for  action.  The  aged  farmer  can  not  carry 
on  alone  too  long.”  —  An  American  Agriculturist 
Reader. 

THAT  is  right!  Skilled  young  men  are  need¬ 
ed  even  more  on  the  farms  than  they  are  on 
any  other  of  the  war  fronts.  That’s  why  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist  months  ago  organized  the 
American  Farm  Front  Volunteers,  the  purposes 
of  which  are  (1)  to  convince  young  farmers  that 
they  can  best  serve  their  country  by  remaining 
on  the  farm,  and  (2)  to  impress  Draft  Boards 
with  the  fact  that  skilled  labor  should  not  be 
taken  off  from  the  farms.  The  scarcity  of  food 
may  lose  us  the  war.  It  is  high  time  this  import¬ 
ant  fact  was  recognized  by  all  concerned.  It  costs 
you  nothing  to  join  the  American  Farm  Front 
Volunteers.  Write  for  information  to  E.  R. 
Eastman,  American  Agriculturist,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

HOW  LEWIS  WORKS 

F  YOU  think  that  John  L.  Lewis  and  his 
forces  have  been  permanently  stopped  from 
coming  into  the  New  York  and  other  milk  sheds 
in  America,  read  Page  8  in  this  issue. 

The  truth  is  that  Lewis  organizers  found  that 
they  met  too  much  opposition  at  meetings,  so 
now  they  are  working  every  day  quietly  calling 
on  farmers  and  making  misleading  statements 
such  as  those  quoted  in  the  letter  on  Page  8. 

FARMERS  WILL  PAY  INCOME 
TAXES 

HILE  the  details  of  the  new  income  tax 
bill  have  not  yet  been  completed  by  Con¬ 
gress,  it  is  certain  that  exemptions  will  be  low¬ 
ered  and  the  income  tax  rate  increased  so  as 
to  take  in  nearly  everybody.  Hundreds  of  thou¬ 
sands  of  farmers  who  never  before  have  paid 
income  taxes  will  have  to  pay  them  next  year 
on  their  1942  income. 

These  new  income  taxes,  plus  the  regular  real 
estate  taxes,  will  be  a  very  heavy  burden  indeed, 
one  which  you  may  not  be  able  to  meet  unless 
you  begin  immediately  to  make  preparations. 
There  are  two  ways  to  prepare,  each  of  which 
I  earnestly  urge  you  to  follow: 

The  first  is  to  keep  records  of  your  income 
and  expenses.  You  must  have  such  records  in 


order  to  give  the  information  demanded  in  the 
income  tax  reports.  Start  this  now  even  if  you 
have  not  kept  records  before. 

The  second  way  to  prepare  is  to  begin  to  save 
now  if  you  have  not  already  done  so,  so  that  you 
will  have  money  to  pay  the  taxes  when  they 
come  due. 

NOW  FARM  MACHINERY 
RATIONING 

ARM  machinery  rationing,  which  started 
September  17,  emphasizes  again  the  need 
of  taking  care  of  the  farm  machines  you  have. 
Clean  them  up,  oil  them  up,  and  keep  them  un¬ 
der  cover.  When  the  machine  itself  or  any  of  its 
its  parts  are  gone,  you  may  not  be  able  to  get 
more. 

COOP  AND  GARDEN  NOTES 

E  HAD  sweet  corn  out  of  our  garden 
every  day  for  over  two  months.  I  made 
several  plantings  and  used  different  varieties, 
but  by  far  the  best  corn  we  had  was  Golden 
Cross. 

CANS  IN  CELLAR 

The  sweet  corn,  together  with  a  large  variety 
of  other  vegetables,  enabled  us  to  live  well  and 
very  cheaply  during  the  entire  summer,  even 
though  we  had  plenty  of  company.  Moreover, 
we  now  have  over  500  cans,  mostly  of  vegetables, 
stored  away  for  the  winter.  In  addition,  we  have 
something  like  200  jars  of  jelly  left  over  from 
last  year.  What  a  dent  that  will  make  in  the 
high  cost  of  living! 

Our  garden  was  big  enough  this  year  so  we 
could  stand  the  losses  we  had.  Some  of  the  to¬ 
matoes  blighted;  others  didn’t  get  ripe.  But  we 
had  a  big  planting  so  there  were  still  plenty  to 
eat,  can,  and  for  tomato  juice. 

I  mention  these  facts  to  encourage  those  of 
you  who  are  not  growing  a  big  garden  and  pre¬ 
serving  the  products  in  some  way,  to  do  so  next 
year.  I  don’t  care  how  large  your  farm  or  how 
important  your  operations,  the  garden  pays  in 
better  and  cheaper  living. 

CLEAN-UP 

In  the  last  days  of  September  we  had  several 
killing  frosts  with  temperatures  running  down 
into  the  twenties.  This  ended  the  season  for  most 
of  the  remaining  flowers  and  vegetables. 

Frosts  held  off  remarkably  well  this  year,  but 
the  passing  of  the  flowers  always  brings  a  feeling 
of  sadness.  How  much  like  life  itself  is  the  pass¬ 
ing  of  the  seasons.  Spring  corresponds  to  our 
youth,  summer  to  our  maturity,  and  the  fall  to 
the  evening  of  our  days. 

It  is  especially  necessary  this  year  to  clean  up 
thoroughly  the  trash  remaining  on  the  garden, 
for  I  have  never  known  a  year  when  blight  and 
other  diseases,  insects  and  weeds  have  been  so 
rampant.  The  seeds  and  many  of  the  diseases 
and  insects  will  live  over  in  the  trash  if  you  don’t 
clean  it  up  and  bum  it. 

POTATOES  ROT 

Our  experience  with  garden  potatoes  is  sim¬ 
ilar  to  that  of  hundreds  of  larger  growers.  There 
was  a  splendid  crop  under  way,  but  in  spite  of 
several  sprayings  they  blighted,  and  over  half  of 
them  have  rotted.  Potatoes  on  Long  Island  this 
year  were  a  good  crop.  They  were  fair  to  good 


in  most  sections  of  New  Jersey.  But  the  yield 
has  been  very  variable  in  the  rest  of  the  North¬ 
east. 

CORN  FOR  GRAIN 

The  holding  off  of  the  frosts  gave  silage  corn 
a  chance  to  mature.  On  many  farms  there  was 
more  than  was  needed  for  the  silo.  Some  of  what 
is  left  can  be  husked  and  used  for  grain.  How 
that  will  help! 

INDEPENDENT  HOGS 

We  have  four  hogs,  born  this  spring,  the  nicest 
you  ever  saw.  But  I  think  I  have  remarked  be¬ 
fore  that  hogs  cannot  be  grown  at  a  profit  on 
commercial  feed  alone.  You  must  either  have 
skim  milk  or  a  big  pasture.  And  believe  me, 
whether  you  have  just  a  pen  or  a  pasture,  your 
fences  want  to  be  hog  tight!  Did  you  ever  try 
to  drive  a  pig?  If  not,  you  have  something  to 
experience.  Mrs.  Eastman  and  I  chased  the  hogs 
that  got  out  the  other  night  until  dark,  and  the 
hogs  won.  They  were  still  out  the  next  morning. 

When  I  thought  it  over  I  couldn’t  get  too  mad 
at  them,  however,  because  it  seemed  to  me  that 
they  showed  some  of  the  independent  spirit  and 
individualism  which  all  Americans  need  right 
now. 

”WIRE  IN  FEED  KILLED 
OLR  COWS” 

“We  had  a  very  nice  purebred  Ayrshire  cow 
‘Daisybelle’  about  5  years  old.  We  wouldn’t  have  tak¬ 
en  $125.00  for  her.  As  time  went  on  we  noticed 
she  made  quite  a  fuss  in  getting  up  or  down.  She 
continued  to  grow  worse,  so  we  called  the  veter¬ 
inarian.  In  the  meantime  her  front  legs  began  to 
swell.  The  doctor  came  and  left  medicine  for  us  to 
give  her,  which  we  did.  He  told  us  she  probably 
had  eaten  wire  or  some  other  metal  scrap.  I  didn’t 
think  so,  for  we  had  cows  at  home  a  few  years  back 
which  had  wire  and  wouldn’t  eat,  but  ‘Daisybelle’ 
had  a  good  appetite. 

“We  let  her  out  for  exercise  every  night  and  morn¬ 
ing.  While  she  didn’t  seem  to  be  in  pain  when  she 
walked,  she  ran  down  in  flesh  so  fast  I  had  to  give 
in  and  have  her  killed.  We  sold  her  to  a  butcher  for 
a  small  sum.  As  they  cut  her  up  they  found  a  piece 
of  wire  about  5  in.  long  embedded  in  her  lungs. 

“The  other  cow  we  lost  was  a  7  year  old  pure¬ 
bred.  She  got  very  thin  this  summer,  and  as  we 
were  feeding  the  cows  in  the  barn  I  always  gave 
this  one  a  little  more,  thinking  she  would  gain  flesh. 
She  dropped  on  milk  until  she  gave  hardly  any,  so 
we  decided  to  kill  her,  and  as  they  cut  her  up  they 
found  a  long  piece  of  wire  in  her  stomach.  General¬ 
ly  it  is  the  best  cow  in  the  barn  that  gets  the  wire 
or  nail.” — Mrs.  G.  E.  M.,  N.  Y. 

Editor’s  Note:  Thousands  of  good  cows  die  every 
year  because  of  carelessness  in  letting  metal  get  in 
their  feed.  Send  in  your  experiences.  We  want  to  help 
prevent  this  loss. 

EASTMAN’S  CHESTNUT 

TWO  BROTHERS,  George  and  Sam,  notor¬ 
ious  for  being  tight  as  the  bark  on  a  tree, 
were  in  business  together.  While  Sam  was  travel¬ 
ling  out  West,  he  became  ill  and  died.  The  un¬ 
dertaker  who  took  charge  of  the  body  wired 
George : 

“Sam  died,  can  embalm  him  for  fifty  dollars 
or  freeze  him  for  twenty-five  dollars.” 

George  wired  in  reply: 

“Freeze  him  from  the  knees  up  for  fifteen 
dollars — his  legs  were  frost-bitten  last  winter. 


AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  Comb**?"  and  Progressive  SmceJ842.  Volum.139  No1_21.„m>U{jS| 

Advertising  offices  at  Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  r) 
of  March  6.  1379  —  Prank  E.  Gannett,  chairman  of  the 

editor;  A1  Coleman,  art  editor;  Contributing  editors:  L.  x>.  oarumsiuu  .an  „a8v-vM,  - ,  tt  c  a 

circulation  manager;  V.  E.  Grover,  subscription  manager  Subscription  price  payable  in  advance.  S.50  a  year  m  tne  u.  o.  a. 


Ai  erican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


5  (543) 


GREAT-GRANDFATHER’S 

WILE 

By  ELIZABETH  LAMBERT, 
Randall,  N.  Y. 

( Number  Six ) 

IT  WAS  a  perfect  autumn  day,  those 
many  years  ago  when  Great-grand¬ 
father  managed  to  live  and  enjoy 
himself,  too,  without  radio,  tele¬ 
phone,  auto,  electricity  or  any  of  the 
so-called  modern  conveniences  of  today. 

Great-grandfather  had  arisen  early 
upon  this  particular  morning  in  order 
to  do  his  morning  chores  and  get  the 
day’s  work  started  by  seven  o’clock. 

He  gazed  about  him  with  great  satis¬ 
faction  as  he  started  for  his  son’s  home 
on  the  adjoining  farm,  also  owned  by 
Great-grandfather.  And  in  truth  it 
was  “a  land -flowing  with  milk  and 
honey.” 

In  front  of  the  homestead,  which  had 
been  in  his  family  since  the  days  of  the 
Revolution,  the  old  dirt  road  stretched 
like  a  ribbon.  To  the  West,  as  far  as 
the  eye  could  see,  neighbor  Dieven- 
dorf’s  hop  yards  caught  the  sunlight, 
and  what  is  more  beautiful  than  a  field 
of  hops!  (That  is,  if  one  can  just  ad¬ 
mire  them  and  does  not  have  to  pick 
them  or  cook  for  the  hungry  horde  of 
pickers. ) 

To  the  East  lay  Great-grandfather’s 
own  field  of  buckwheat,  ready  for  the 
flail,  and  to  the  North  his  other  farm 
where  son  Jake  lived,  and  whither  he 
was  now  bound  to  help  Jake  flail  out 
his  buckwheat. 

As  he  walked  across  lots,  he  mused 
to  himself,  “Now  we  will  get  the  last 
of  Jake’s  grain  out  of  the  way  today 
and  start  upon  mine  early  tomorrow”, 
whereon  he  reckoned  without  his  host 
as  subsequent  events  will  show. 

“Jake  is  a  good  boy”,  he  said,  con¬ 
tinuing  to  talk  to  himself,  “although 
sometimes  I  wish  his  wife  had  a  little 
less  vinegar  in  her  makeup. *  *But  her 
bark  is  worse  than  her  bite.  Well, 
here  I  am  and  I’ll  just  go  in  the  back 
door  and  save  time.  Every  second 
counts  this  fine  weather.” 

As  he  started  across  the  long  wood 
shed,  Great-grandfather  heard  son 
Jake’s  wife’s  voice  raised  nearly  to  a 
scream  in  the  house.  “Jake,  I  tell  you 
I  am  so  sick  of  living  up  here  in  the 
bushes,  no  neighbors,  no  anything.  Oh, 
why  do  you  say  you  can  look  down  to 
the  main  road!  I  don’t  want  to  look 
down  there.  I  want  to  live  down  there. 
Just  wait  till  the  old  man  dies,  I’ll 
boost  the  old  maids  (the  old  maids 
were  Great-grandfather’s  daughters 
who  had  kept  house  for  him  since  his 
wife  passed  away)  out  in  jig  time. 
They  can  come  up  here  in  the  bushes 
t°  live  and  I’ll  move  down  there.  I 
know  you  say  your  father  has  given 
you  a  good  lay  here,  but  I  don’t  want 
a  good  lay.  I  want  the  Old  Home¬ 
stead,  his  precious  farm  he  thinks  so 
much  of.  It  makes  me  so  mad  when 
I  think  of  those  old  maids  living  down 
there  with  near  neighbors,  and  us  up 
here  alone.  One  wouldn’t  think  he 
could  last  much  longer  at  his  age.  Oh! 
so  you  say  he  gave  you  a  cow.  Well, 
what  of  it?  It  wouldn’t  have  hurt 
turn  any  to  have  given ’you  his  whole 


herd.  Stingy  old  miser,  that’s  what 
he  is.” 

Great-grandfather  awakened  from 
the  stupified  trance  into  which  her  first 
onslaught  had  sent  him  and  tiptoed 
softly,  oh!  very  softly,  from  the  wood¬ 
shed  door  without  either  Jake  or  his 
■wife  being  aware  of  his  visit. 

All  the  brightness  had  gone  out  of 
the  day  for  him  and  his  usual  kindly 
face  and  keen  blue  eyes  had  turned  as 
hard  as  flint  as  he  scrambled  home 
through  the  bushes.  “And  I  said  her 
bark  was  worse  than  her  bite.  Well,  I 
had  it  wrong.  Her  bite  is  much  worse 
than  her  bark.” 

He  reached  home  much  quicker  than 
he  went,  his  anger  speeding  him  on. 
Hurrying  to  the  barn,  he  harnessed  up 


Old  Dobbin  faster  than  that  animal 
had  ever  been  harnessed  before,  and 
was  dashing  from  the  yard,  without 
even  stopping  to  change  his  work 
clothes,  when  one  of  the  “old  maid” 
daughters  came  to  the  door  and  said, 
“Father,  whatever  is  the  matter?  Din¬ 
ner  will  soon  be  ready  and  we  have 
made  your  favorite  pudding.” 

“Save  me  a  helping”,  he  called  back 
to  her.  “Can’t  stop  now.  I’ll  tell  you 
all  about  it  when  I  come  back”,  and  he 
drove  as  he  had  never  driven  before  for 
Canajoharie  and  his  lawyer’s  office, 
leaving  his  daughters  much  mystified. 

The  lawyer  was  just  leaving  for  his 
dinner  as  Great-grandfather  reached 
the  office,  but  Great-grandfather  said, 
“Young  man,  your  dinner  must  wait. 
I  might  die  while  you  were  eating  and 
there  is  something  I  must  do  at  once 
and  that  is  make  my  ivill.” 

After  explaining  things  to  the  sur¬ 
prised  lawyer,  he  proceeded  to  make 
the  will,  with  the  lawyer’s  help  of 
course,  and  to  leave  the  home  place  on 
the  main  road  to  the  “Old  Maids”,  one 
of  whom  lived  to  the  great  age  of 
ninety-nine  years  and  eleven  months. 

It  was  she  who  told  me  the  tale,  and 
she  used  to  chuckle  and  say,  “Well  the 
‘Old  Maids’  hung  on  to  their  property, 
which  is  more  than  brother  Jake  and 
his  wife  did.” 


The  Amateiir  Poet’s 
Corner 


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we  do  not  return  poems  not  published. 
Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

The  limit  in  length  is  sixteen  (16)  lines 
and  each  poem  submitted  for  this  corner 
must  be  original  and  the  work  of  an 
amateur  poet.  Therefore,  when  sending 
in  a  poem,  be  sure  to  state  whether  you 
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following  publication. 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist ,  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Thoughts  of  a  Mother 

I  do  not  know  what  ocean’s  angry  roar 
My  sailor  boy’s  long  midnight  watch 
enfolds; 

What  deadly  perils  lurk,  what  winds 
prevail, 

What  far-off  port  a  threatening  men¬ 
ace  holds. 

But  this  one  comfort  through  the  fear¬ 
some  maze 

Of  anxious  doubt  my  lonely  thoughts 
employ: 

The  Great  Commander  God  knows  all 
the  routes, 

And  through  Him  instantly  I  reach  my 

—Mrs.  Rosa  Marmet, 

Mohawk,  N.  Y. 


True  Stories  by  Our  Readers 


Two  Letters  on  Food  Production 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
WASHINGTON 

September  17,  1942. 

To  Editors  of  the 
American  Farm  Press: 

It  is  a  question  whether  our  wartime 
food  requirements  for  lend-lease  ship¬ 
ment  and  for  our  civilian  needs  this 
year  could  have  been  met  without  the 
sustained  assistance  of  the  farm  press: 
Cooperation  by  the  farm  press  will  be 
equally  or  more  necessary  next  year  if 
we  are  to  achieve  the  1943  agricultural 
production  goals  to  be  announced  in  a 
few  months. 

As  a  farmer  and  in  my  present  posi¬ 


tion,  I  know  that  the  American  farm 
press  is  an  established,  informed,  and 
respected  source  of  information  and 
guidance  to  farm  people  and  their  lead¬ 
ers  in  all  of  our  States  and  in  Wash¬ 
ington.  In  wartime  and  peacetime  the 
farm  press  is  of  dollars  and  cents  value 
to  people  on  American  farms  and  to 
those  in  American  urban  communities. 

All  of  us  are  especially  thankful  for 
this  year’s  indicated  record  output  of 
agricultural  products  in  the  United 
States.  We  are  in  for  a  long,  hard  war. 
I  want  to  thank  the  editors  and  pub¬ 
lishers  of  the  farm,  livestock,  poultry, 
dairy,  and  horticultural  press  for  the 


JT3  J 


^  r  yfl  r  . Oj  j 


ittSong  of  the  Lazy  Farm 

TODAY  it’s  rainin’  cats 
and  dogs  just  like  them 
Californy  fogs,  and  so  I’m 
happy  as  a  lark  ’cause  all  is 
wet  and  skies  are  dark.  A 
good  hard  rain  is  just  my 
meat.  I  sit  right  down  and 
prop  my  feet  up  high  so  they 
won’t  get  chilblains,  and 
watch  the  drops  on  window 
panes.  I  ’spose  my  neigh¬ 
bor’s  workin’  hard  out  in  the 
corn  or  his  barnyard,  a-skid- 
din’  ’round  in  mud  and  goo, 
he’ll  prob’ly  end  up  with  the 
flu.  But  none  of  that  for  me, 
by  jing,  today  I  won’t  do 
anything  ’cept  sit  around 
where  it  is  dry  and  watch 
Mirandy  makin’  pie.  The 
work  can  wait  until  the  sun 
comes  out  again  and  rain  is 
done.  I  surely  can’t  see  any 
sense  to  arguin’  with  the 
elements. 

Besides,  except  for  days 
like  this  I’d  go  along  in 
ign’rant  bliss,  and  never  hear  the  latest  news,  for  in  the  sun  I  usually 
snooze.  But  when  the  rain  is  pourin’  down,  most  folks  aren’t  chasin’  off 
to  town,  instead  they  likely  stay  at  home  and  gossip  on  the  telephone. 
So  all  I  do  is  sit  right  here  with  the  receiver  at  my  ear  and  listen  on  our 
party  line,  it  keeps  me  up-to-date  just  fine.  ’Course  now  and  then  some 
wagging  tongue,  not  knowin’  that  my  phone’s  unhung,  will  tell  the  black¬ 
est  sort  of  tale  about  how  I  should  be  in  jail.  And  then  I  always  spoil 
it  all,  I  grab  the  phone  upon  the  wall,  of  patience  I  must  have  a  lack 
’cause  I  can’t  help  a-sassin’  back. 


alert  and  generous  support  which  they 
are  giving  the  Department  in  the  most 
critical  time  in  our  country’s  history. 

Sincerely, 

Claude  R.  Wickard, 

Secretary. 

*  *  * 

September  24,  1942. 

Secretary  Claude  R.  Wickard 
Department  of  Agriculture 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Dear  Secretary  Wickard: 

I  am  sure  the  other  farm  editors  will 
appreciate  as  I  do  your  statement  of 
September  17  on  what  the  farm  press 
is  trying  to  do  to  help  win  the  war. 

When  the  war  started,  we  of  Ameri - 
can  Agriculturist  cleared  our  decks  for 
action,  and  since  then  there  is  little 
that  has  gone  in  the  paper  that  does 
not  bear  on  the  war  in  one  way  or  an¬ 
other.  Farmers  of  the  Northeast  are 
having  a  particularly  difficult  time,  be¬ 
cause  we  are  so  near  to  so  many  Army 
and  Navy  projects  and  to  large  indus¬ 
trial  centers.  As  you  know,  it  is  prac¬ 
tically  impossible  to  use  untrained 
farm  help  in  the  complicated  and  skil¬ 
ful  business  of  producing  dairy  and 
poultry  products.  These  two  types  of 
farm  business  represent  about  70  per 
cent  of  our  total  farm  production  in 
the  Northeast. 

You  are  greatly  to  be  commended  for 
your  emphatic  statements  about  the 
necessity  of  more  food  production  if 
we  are  to  win  this  war.  I  receive  up¬ 
wards  of  20,000  letters  from  farmers 
per  year,  and  from  these  and  other  con¬ 
tacts  I  know  that  we  are  on  the  rag¬ 
ged  edge  of  disaster  so  far  as  food  is 
concerned  and  the  other  difficult  prob¬ 
lems  of  carrying  on.  I  regret  that  the 
average  consumer  has  been  told  so 
much,  and  believes  so  emphatically, 
that  the  farmer  is  now  profiteering  and 
is  solely  responsible  for  upping  food 
prices.  Farmers  will  be  the  last  to  go 
hungry;  consumers  the  first,  in  the 
event  of  a  great  food  shortage. 

My  mail  and  personal  contacts  indi¬ 
cate  practically  unanimous  indignation 
on  the  part  of  farmers  right  now  be¬ 
cause  of  the  opposition  to  considering 
farm  wages  in  parity,  and  their* need 
to  be  able  to  compete  with  other  em¬ 
ployers  in  the  hiring  of  farm  help.  The 
same  issue  of  the  newspapers  and  the 
same  radio  broadcast  day  after  day  an¬ 
nounce  the  danger  of  a  food  shortage, 
and  at  the  same  time  leave  the  impres¬ 
sion  that  the  farmer  and  his  represen¬ 
tatives  are  un-American  because  they 
( Continued  on  Page  11) 


Ax  terican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


The  American  Hen 
Rates  A  Citation 


SHE  IS  AMONG  the  many  unsung  heroes  and  heroines  of 
this  war.  Last  year  the  Government  called  for  50  billion 
eggs  in  1942,  a  goal  which  some  called  unattainable.  But 
poultrymen  rolled  up  their  sleeves  and  waded  in.  They  knew 
they  had  to  feed  better,  and  they  did.  And  now,  with  the 
year  drawing  to  a  close,  they  can  almost  say  "we  ve  done  it. 
The  latest  figures  show  the  American  hen  ahead  .of  her 
schedule.  At  her  present  pace,  that  50  billion  total  will  be 
reached  and  passed. 

But  neither  the  hens  nor  the  poultrymen  are  resting  on 
their  laurels.  They're  keeping  on,  and  they'll  keep  on  in  '43, 
and  they'll  keep  on  until  this  war  is  just  another  notch  in 
Uncle  Sam's  rifle  butt. 

Such  tremendous  production  of  eggs  can  be  achieved  only 
by  good  laying  mashes.  Many  good  laying  mashes  contain 
CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL,  and  get  a  substantial  part  of  their  pro¬ 
tein  and  vitamin  A  therefrom.  A  greater  tonnage  of  CORN 
GLUTEN  MEAL  is  being  used  in  poultry  rations  now  than  ever 
before  — a  fact  that  makes  us  a  little  proud  of  our  small  part 
in  a  great  job. 


CORN  PRODUCTS  SALES  C«I. 

NEW  YORK  •  CHICAGO 

DISTRIBUTORS  OF 

DIAMOND 

OLDEST  AND  BIGGEST 
SELLING  BRAND  OF 


CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL 


STOPPING  IN' 
SYRACUSE  ? 


1 )  Stay  at 

HOTEL  SYRACUSE 

For  luxurious  comfort 
#  For  food  that  is  different 
•  For  moderate  prices 

•  And  a  good  time! 


OIL /HOSE 


Unu«Ul 


OTTAWA 

TRACTOR 

SAW 


Falls  Tree,  Cuts  Log 

- r  Uses  Power  Take-off  any  trac-  ' 
tor.  Saws  fast.  Eaav  on  fuel.  Hundreds  of  FREE  Book& 
satisfied  users.  Big  labor  saver.  Low  Price.  Price  List 
OTTAWA  MFC.  CO.,  931  Forest  Ave.,  Ottawa,  Kans. 


"Were's  why  Mom 
says  it  VAVS  to 
worm  with 

GIZZARD 

CAPSULES" 

Quick-Easy  -  Won’t  Sicken  Birds  or 
Knock  Egg  Production 

Worming  pays  double  divi¬ 
dends  this  year,  in  needed  eggs 
for  Uncle  Sam  and  bigger  profits 
for  YOU.  Keep  ’em  Laying  this 
winter!  Pat’d  Insoluble  Capsule 
Coating  does  not  dissolve  in 
|  crop  —  protects  medicine  until 
!  crushed  by  gizzard  —  delivers 
correct  dose,  full  strength  to 
worms.  Won’t  sicken  birds  or 
knock  egg  production.  For  all  3 
kinds  of  worms  —  Pin,  Large 
Round  and  Large  Tapes.  Gets 
heads  of  all  species  of  Tapes 
that  any  product  on  market  can 
get.  About  Xc  or  less  per  bird. 
At  Lee  Dealers  (drug,  hatchery 
or  feed  store)  or  postpaid  from 

GEO.  H.  LEE  CO.,  Omaha,  Neb. 


WORMS— 

PouWui'd  fyijjtli  Column 

— - : -  ••••-- — -  By  It.  L.  COSLINE  = 


THE  FIFTH  COLUMNISTS  or  tne 
poultry  industry  are  the  parasites, 
the  bacteria,  and  other  troublesome 
organisms  that  creep  in  and  steal  yo^xr 
profits  when  you  are  not  looking. 
There  are  three  ways  to  handle  them — 
keep  them  out;  eradicate  the  parasites 
and  cure  the  diseases  where  that  can 
be  done;  kill  the  birds,  disinfect,  and 
start  over  again  where  it  cannot. 

When  the  Northeastern  Poultry  Pro¬ 
ducers’  Council  had  its  1942  conven¬ 
tion  in  New  York  City,  poultrymen 
were  told  that  diseases  and  parasites 
cost  poultrymen  a  quarter  of  a  billion 
dollars  every  year.  At  the  meeting,  a 
nation-wide  program  was  proposed 
urging  poultrymen  to  use  all  available 
knowledge  in  a  program  to  control 
diseases  and  parasites.  It  is  patriotic 
to  produce  more  poultry  products;  it  is 
also  profitable. 

HOW  WORMS  MULTIPLY 

Knowledge  won’t  kill  a  parasite  or 
cure  a  disease,  but  knowing  the  facts 
helps  a  poultryman  to  plan  the  fight. 
Take  intestinal  worms  as  an  example. 
A  full-grown  round  worm  living  in  the 
digestive  system  of  a  fowl  may  have  as 
many  as  10,000  fertile  eggs  inside  its 
body. 

Someone  has  said  that  if  worm  eggs 
were  as  big  as  oranges,  the  average 
poultry  yard  would  be  covered  knee- 
deep.  These  eggs  pass  out  with  the 
droppings,  and  are  either  picked  up  by 
other  birds  along  with  their  feed  or, 
in  the  case  of  some  species  of  worms, 
are  eaten  by  various  insects  (inter¬ 
mediate  hosts)  and  the  fowls  get  in¬ 
fested  when  they  eat  the  insects. 

CLEAN  GROUND  FOR  PULLETS 


worms  are  a  contributing  factor  in  the 
development  of  paralysis. 

KILLING  WORMS 

There  are  several  different  kinds  of 
round  worms,  some  so  small  that  they 
cannot  be  seen  except  with  a  micro¬ 
scope,  and  at  least  ten  different  kinds 
of  tapeworms.  Some  are  more  diffi¬ 
cult  to  eradicate  than  others,  but  on 
the  market  are  a  number  of  products 
that  will  kill  many  types  of  worms 
without  harming  the  birds.  In  some 
cases,  flock  treatment  is  given;  in  other 
cases,  capsules  are  given  to  the  indi¬ 
vidual  birds.  There  is  little  advantage, 
however,  in  expelling  these  worms  and 
at  the  same  time  allowing  the  birds  to 
reinfest  themselves  by  picking  up  the 
worm  eggs  that  are  expelled.  There¬ 
fore,  when  a  worm  treatment  is  given, 
follow  the  treatment  with  a  thorough 
clean-up  and  disinfection  of  the  house. 

The  disposal  of  poultry  manure 
which  contains  worm  eggs  is  a  prob¬ 
lem.  Where  a  poultryman  has  a  large 
area  of  land  on  which  crops  are  grown, 
it  can  be  spread  on  these  fields  if 
chickens  can  be  kept  off  them  for  at 
least  a  couple  of  years.  Some  poul¬ 
trymen  who  operate  intensive  busi¬ 
nesses  have  developed  a  market  and 
sell  poultry  manure.  It  has  been 
shown  that  worm  eggs  are  killed  if 
the  manure  contains  moisture  enough 
so  that  it  heats  in  the  pile. 

To  sum  up  the  internal  parasite 
situation,  it  pays  to  keep  the  infesta¬ 
tion  to  a  minimum  by  raising  pullets 
on  clean  ground,  by  keeping  houses 
and  yards  dry  and  sanitary,  and  by 
treating  the  flock  for  pai’asites  when, 
in  spite  of  these  control  measures,  they 
become  troublesome. 


Prevention,  so  far  as  it  can  be  prac¬ 
ticed,  is  always  better  than  treatment. 
Naturally,  parasites  affect  young  birds 
worse  than  mature  ones.  Growing 
youngstock  on  a  range  kept  free  of 
poultry  and  poultry  manure  for  two  or 
three  years  is  a  big  help.  Wet  yards 
favor  the  development  of  these  para¬ 
sites.  Therefore,  drain  wet  spots  and 
arrange  water  fountains  so  that  the 
ground  around  them  is  dry.  In  at¬ 
tempt  to  prevent  heavy  infestation  of 
parasites,  some  poultrymen  raise 
youngstock  on  screened  wire  platforms. 
It  helps,  but  the  “hole”  in  this  proced¬ 
ure  is  that  it  takes  an  exceedingly  fine 
screen  to  keep  out  some  of  the  in¬ 
sects  that  may  infest  the  birds  with 
worms. 

How  do  worms  affect  poultry? 
They  irritate  the  insides  of  the  diges¬ 
tive  tract,  causing  inflammation  and 
thickened  walls 
which  interfere 
with  the  proper 
absorption  of  food. 

They  lower  the 
bird’s  resistance  to 
other  troubles,  of¬ 
ten  making  a  cull 
out  of  a  pullet 
which  would  other¬ 
wise  develop  into  a 
profitable  produc¬ 
er.  It  is  quite  gen¬ 
erally  agreed  that 
in  some  cases 


PROTECT  BY  VACCINATION 

Fowl  pox  is  much  more  serious  than 
it  once  was.  Fortunately  vaccination 
furnishes  protection^  but  once  a  poul¬ 
tryman  begins  to  vaccinate,  it  is  neces¬ 
sary  to  do  the  job  each  fall.  Gener¬ 
ally,  therefore,  we  recommend,  if  you 
have  never  been  troubled  with  pox,  that 
you  avoid  vaccination  until  the  trouble 
appears.  If  you  find  characteristic  pox 
sores  on  birds  that  are  producing,  you 
should  immediately  vaccinate  the  en¬ 
tire  flock  with  pigeon  pox  vaccine, 
which  gives  an  immunity  less  lasting 
than  the  fowl  pox  vaccine,  hut  which 
has  a  much  less  serious  effect  on  egg 
production.  Fowl  pox  vaccine  is  used 
before  pullets  begin  to  lay.  At  the 
same  time,  it  is  a  good  idea  to  pick 
.out  and  keep  separate  any  of  the  birds 

( Continued  on  Page  17) 


Applying  Laryngo-  ■> 
tracheitis  Vaccine 
to  upper  lip  of 
vent  to  stimulate 
an  immunity  to 
the  disease. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


Potato  Price  Outlook 
Favorable  ^  cM.  £.  febyant 


AT  THIS  time  it  may  be  well  to 
analyze  our  potato  situation  in  an 
attempt  to  determine  future  price 
trends.  The  September  1st  government 
report  estimated  the  total  potato  pro¬ 
duction  for  the  country  as  a  whole  at 
378,396,000  bushels,  compared  to  the 
August  1st  estimate  of  378,175,000 
bushels  and  a  final  estimate  for  last 
season  of  357,783,000  bushels.  Thus, 
from  the  standpoint  of  potato  produc¬ 
tion  in  the  country  as  a  whole,  we  have 
about  20,000,000  bushels  more  potatoes 
available  than  was  true  last  season. 
Comparative  figures  for  some  of  the 
larger  potato  producing  states  in  the 
northeast  are  as  follows: 

Final  Estimate 
Sept.  1,194^  Aug.  I,  1342  Dec.  I,  1941 

Maine  44,550,000  44,550,000  44,745,000 

New  York  27,313,000  28,077,000  27,676,000 
New  Jersey  10,320,000  10,560,000  10,360,000 
Penna.  18,170,000  20,066,000  20,540,000 

In  Aroostook  County,  Maine,  harvest¬ 
ing  operations  are  slightly  over  one- 
half  completed.  Aroostook  County  has 
suffered  from  a  serious  drought  for 
nearly  a  month.  As  a  result  of  this 
dry  weather,  crop  yields  are  very  spot¬ 
ted.  Some  areas  are  enjoying  very  fav¬ 
orable  yields,  whereas  many  others  are 
confronted  with  the  lightest  yields  for 
many  years.  The  central  Maine  area 
also  suffered  very  materially  with  gen¬ 
erally  light  yields  in  prospect.  Taking 
the  Maine  situation  as  a  whole,  we  can¬ 
not  help  but  feel  that  the  government 
estimate  will  have  to  be  reduced  some¬ 
what  in  later  reports.  Aroostook  Coun¬ 
ty,  however,  is  favored  with  a  very  ex¬ 
cellent  quality  crop.  With  dry  weather, 
the  potatoes  are  hard,  firm  and  coming 
out  of  the  ground  clean  and  bright. 

SOME  BLIGHT 

It  is  our  understanding  that  other 
areas  in  the  Northeast,  and  for  that 
matter  generally  throughout  the  coun¬ 
try,  have  had  too  much  rainfall.  Blight 
is  quite  prevalent  in  many  areas,  al¬ 
though  we  do  not  believe  it  is  causing 
any  serious  trouble  in  the  Northeast. 
A  recent  report  indicates  that  rot  is 
very  serious  in  the  Red  River  Valley, 
with  estimates  going  as  high  as  a  30% 
loss.  Rumor  has  it  that  yields  in  up¬ 
state  New  York  are  comparatively 
light.  Both  Long  Island  and  New  Jer¬ 
sey  received  desirable  yields,  although 
we  understand  their  crop  is  not  quite 
as  large  as  last  season. 

Current  markets  in  most  areas  are 
better  at  this  writing  (September  26th) 
than  was  true  a  year  ago  at  this  time. 
In  Maine  the  present  street  price 
ranges  from  $1.75  to  $1.80  per  barrel 
bulk  with  a  few  sales  being  reported 
as  high  as  $2.00.  Maine  FOB  quotations 
at  present  are  ranging  from  $1.47  to 
$1.52  per  cwt.  Tablestock  potatoes  are 
being  sold  for  future  delivery  at  prices 
ranging  from  $1.82  per  cwt.  FOB  for 
December  shipment  to  $2.02  per  cwt. 
FOB  for  delivery  up  to  March  15th.  It 
is  generally  believed  that  a  consider¬ 
ably  larger  volume  of  futures  has  been 
sold  so  far  this  season  than  was  true 
a  year  ago.  Long  Island  potatoes  are 
reported  on  the  New  York  market  at 
$1.85  to  $1.90  per  cwt.  (south  side)  and 
$1.75  to  $1.85  (north  side).  Connecti¬ 
cut  Valley  potatoes  are  being  reported 
in  the  neighborhood  of  $1.45  to  $1.50 
per  cwt.  FOB. 

demand  good 

In  view  of  present  supply  factors, 
the  prospect  would  not  appear  partic¬ 
ularly  good  for  material  price  advances. 
However,  our  price  naturally  will  be 
determined  by  both  supply  and  demand, 
and  on  the  demand  side  of  the  picture 
we  find  some  very  favorable  factors 
from  the  standpoint  of  northeastern 
potato  growers.  Apparently  we  are  en¬ 
joying  one  of  the  best  demands  evidenc¬ 


ed  in  years,  due  to  the  war  effort.  As 
has  been  pointed  out  by  many  people, 
the  army  is  using  tremendous  quanti¬ 
ties  of  potatoes.  In  addition  to  this,  the 
average  working  man  is  obtaining 
plenty  of  work  at  very  desirable  wages 
so  that  there  are  now  very  few  people 
in  the  country  who  do  not  have  a  suffi¬ 
cient  income  to  obtain  food.  In  the  past, 
during  less  favorable  conditions,  many 
people  could  not  afford  to  purchase 
all  of  the  food  that  they  needed  for 
desirable  living  standards. 

All  of  these  factors,  plus  many  oth¬ 
ers  that  we  do  not  understand,  are  con¬ 
tributing  to  a  heavy  demand.  New  Jer¬ 
sey  and  Long  Island  have  sold  many 
more  potatoes  to  date  than  was  true 
last  year.  It  is  our  understanding  that 
the  Connecticut  Valley^growers  are  at 
present  enjoying  an  excellent  demand. 
In  Maine  our  shipping  season  has  just 
started  and  probably  will  not  be  too 
active  until  after  .the  crop  is  harvested 
because  there  is'  not  sufficient  labor 
both  to  harvest  and  ship  the  crop. 
However,  to  the  limited  extent  that  we 
have  been  quoting  potatoes,  we  find  an 
excellent  distribution.  Potatoes  are  be¬ 
ing  shipped  at  present  as  far  west  as 
Indianapolis,  and  we  have  even  receiv¬ 
ed  requests  for  quotations  as  far  away 
as  Texas.  In  this  connection,  we  can-^ 
not  help  but  feel  that  the  Northeast 
will  enjoy  a  wide-spread  demand  in  the 
South  and  West.  It  is  our  understand¬ 
ing  that  potato  markets  are  exception¬ 
ally  high  on  the  west  coast.  If  this  con¬ 
dition  should  continue,  no  doubt  Idaho 
and  some  of  the  other  western  states 
will  be  shipping  considerable  volume  to 
the  coast,  thus  taking  them  out  of  the 
southern  and  middle-western  states. 

QUALITY  HIGH 

Another  favorable  factor  with  refer¬ 
ence  to  demand  is  the  quality  of  the 
crop  in  the  Northeast.  Generally  speak¬ 
ing,  we  have  an  excellent  quality;  and 
a  good  quality  crop  always  moves  bet¬ 
ter  than  an  undesirable  quality.  Last, 
but  by  no  means  least,  we  have  to  con¬ 
sider  the  psychological  effect  on  the 
part  of  the  potato  fraternity.  Jobbers 
and  retailers  all  report  a  very  heavy 
movement.  Therefore,  they  are  all  op¬ 
timistic  and  are  expecting  higher 
prices.  We  are  not  likely  to  encounter 
the  resistance  to  increased  prices  that 
has  been  encountered  in  past  years.  It 
is  true  that  the  purely  speculative  de¬ 
mand  has  dropped  off  since  the  discus¬ 
sion  of  price  ceilings.  However,  many 
people  feel  that  potatoes  are  still  some 
distance  away  from  any  possible  ceil¬ 
ings.  Of  course,  no  one  at  present  rea¬ 
lizes  just  what  may  be  involved  in  the 
setting  of  ceilings  on  agricultural  com¬ 
modities.  However,  as  near  as  we  can 
figure,  some  areas  are  at  present  be¬ 
low  a  90%  parity  figure.  Therefore,  if 
floors  are  placed  on  potatoes,  as  well 
as  ceilings,  and  if  a  90%  parity  floor 
is  established,  the  price  in  some  areas 
may  be  pegged  at  present  levels  or 
even  boosted  slightly. 

BOTH  SIDES 

As  a  summary,  may  we  list  a  few 
unfavorable  and  favorable  points  with 
reference  to  an  increased  price  trend. 

Unfavorable 

1.  Under  normal  conditions,  a  378,- 
000,000  bushel  crop  is  not  condu¬ 
cive  to  very  high  prices. 

2.  Effect  of  price  ceilings. 

3.  With  increased  incomes,  many  of 
the  low  and  middle  income  groups 
may  purchase  a  wider  variety  of 
foods,  thus  reducing,  to  some  ex¬ 
tent,  their  purchases  of  potatoes. 

4.  Potato  production  another  year  is 
somewhat  questionable  due  to 

( Continued  on  Page  25) 


7  (545) 

“If  Food  will  Win 
the  War 

the  Axis  might  as  well  quit  now F 

—says  HUGO  WALTERS.  Pretty  Prairie,  Kansas 


V 

Hugo  is  doing  h(S  part . . .  beating  last  year's  record  harvest  of 
15,000  bushels  by  a  mile !  (And  that’s  a  heap  of  vitamins  for 
a  nation  that  needs  ’em  as  never  before!)  With  1240  acres  to 
care  for,  and  fewer  hands  to  help,  he’s  had  to  work  his 
tractors  extra  hard.  They’re  “fighting  machines”  until  the 
war’s  over,  and  Hugo  counts  on  Veedol  to  keep  ’em  fighting. 


Hugo’s  amazed  ...“Couldn’t  trust  my 
old  oil  more  than  90  hours  between 
drains,  but  Veedol’s  good  for 
150-165  hours  without  time  out  for 
a  refill . .  .And  that’s  some  saving!” 
Explanation:  150 -Hour  Veedol 
Tractor  Oil  is  made  from  100% 
Bradford  -  Pennsylvania  —  the 
toughest,  most  heat-resistant  crude 
in  the  world.  Yes,  Veedol  gives 
tractors  the  extra  protection  they 
need  to  stand  the  wartime  strain! 

NOTE:  Your  farm  implement  dealer  is 
eager  to  help  keep  your  machinery  in 


first-class  condition.  Don’t  hesitate 
to  enlist  his  expert  assistance. 

5  BIG  SAVINGS  FOR  VEEDOL  USERS: 

1.  Saves  fuel  by  reducing  power 
blow-by.  2.  Saves  oil;  good  for  150 
hours  between  changes  in  gasoline 
engined  tractors;  cuts  down  oil  con¬ 
sumption  in  all  tractors  regardless 
of  fuel  used.  3.  Saves  time  by  avoid¬ 
ing  breakdown  delays.  4.  Saves  re¬ 
pairs  through  greater  heat-  and 
wear-resistance.  5 -Saves  tractors;  as¬ 
sures  long,  economical  service. 
Order  150 -Hour  Veedol  Tractor 
Oil  today! 


“A  Better 
Tractor  Oil 
by  the  Clock! 


A  Product  of  Tide  Water  Associated  Oil  Company 


■&^0IL  IS  AMMUNITION  ^5*  USE  IT  WISELY 


(546)  S 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


TESTS  SHOW  HOW 
GASOLINE  INCREASES 
TRACTOR  LIFE 

3448-hour  Test  of  Identical  Tractors 
Shows  Distillate  Wears  Out  Engine 
Parts  Twice  as  Fast  as  Gasoline 

“The  farmer  who  uses  gasoline  is 
definitely  reducing  the  danger  of  a 
breakdown  at  a  time  when  every 
tractor  hour  counts  and  tractor 
parts  are  scarce,”  states  one  of  the 
engineers  who  made  this  compara¬ 
tive  test  of  gasoline  and  distillate 
under  actual  operating  conditions. 

Two  identical  tractors  were  run 
for  1384  hours  in  the  laboratory 
and  2064  hours  in  the  field  —  3448 
hours  total.  One  used  gasoline,  the 
other  distillate.  Careful  examina¬ 
tion  and  measurement  of  engine 
parts  before  and  after  the  test  dis¬ 
closed  that  the  parts  of  the  tractor 
operated  on  distillate  were,  on  the 
average,  worn  twice  as  much.  (See 
chart  at  right.) 

Ample  supply  of  gasoline  available 

Reduced  passenger  car  driving 
creates  a  surplus  of  gasoline  for 
tractor  use.  There  is  a  shortage  of 
distillate  and  fuel  oil. 

Tractors  operated  on  gasoline 
consume  less  lubricating  oil,  too. 

At  the  end  of  the  tests  mentioned 
above,  the  gasoline-burning  tractor 
required  one  quart  of  oil  per  twenty- 
four  hours  of  operation  while  the 
distillate-burning  tractor  required 
eleven  quarts. 

More  power  from  gasoline 

Gasoline  provides  more  power  than 
low-grade  fuels  in  practically  every 
tractor.  What’s  more,  changing  to 
gasoline  plus  high  compression  will 
increase  tractor  power  as  much  as 
30%.  For  this  reason  most  new 
tractors  today  have  high  compres¬ 
sion  engines. 

Many  old  tractors,  with  low  com¬ 
pression  engines,  are  being  con¬ 
verted  to  high  compression  when 
they  are  overhauled.  Installing  high 
compression  (high  altitude)  pis¬ 
tons,  cold-type  spark  plugs,  and 
setting  the  manifold  to  the  cold 
position  is  all  that  is  required.  De- 


COMPARISON  OF  WEAR  ON  TRACTOR 
PARTS— GASOLINE  VS.  DISTILLATE 


With  distillate  there  was — 


Q  899c 
0  135% 
0  123% 
(0  66% 

0  147% 
®  78% 


MORE  WEAR 
on  piston  rings 
MORE  WEAR 
on  pistons 
MORE  WEAR 
on  crankshaft  journals 

MORE  WEAR 
on  cylinder  walls 

MORE  WEAR 
on  main  bearings 

MORE  WEAR 

on  connecting  rod  bearings 


tailed  information  regarding  a  high- 
compression  change-over  may  be 
obtained  from  your  tractor  dealer 
or  your  gasoline  supplier  or  by 
writing  to  the  Agricultural  Divi¬ 
sion  of  Ethyl. 

Gasoline  ideal  tractor  fuel 

Summed  up,  gasoline  is  the  ideal 
wartime  fuel  for  tractors  because: 

1.  It  is  plentiful.  2.  It  lengthens 
the  life  of  vital  engine  parts,  helps 
prevent  breakdowns.  3.  It’s  more 
convenient  to  use — more  flexible, 
gives  easier  starting.  4.  It  saves  oil. 

5.  It  gives  more  power. 

Ethyl  Corporation,  Chrysler 
Bldg.,  New  York  City, 
manufacturers  of  anti-  4JvaEi1^P 
knock  fluid  used  by  oil  *  S-JghA  * 
companies  to  improve  VpJwJp >£» 
gasoline. 


Qet  In  the  Sckap,  ,  >  > 

Scrap  metal  is  needed  for  war  materials.  Gather 
it  up  and  sell  it  now.  But,  be  sure  that  you  do  not 
discard  machines  that  could  be  put  into  workable 
shape. 


^naaic  fee&iGAfal  the. 

Hairy  Farmers’  Union 


September  19,  1942. 

“Dear  Mr.  Editor: 

“Today  we  had  a  call  from  a  Mr.  Parlt- 
er  from  Oneida,  representing  what  I 
think  he  called  the  ‘Oneida  Farmers  As-r 
sociation.’  He  was  soliciting  membership, 
and  the  way  in  which  he  put  it  to  me 
was  that  the  farmers  should  be  organiz¬ 
ed  for  protection  against  unfair  discrimi¬ 
nation.  _ 

“I  can  well  understand  that  the  aver¬ 
age  farmer  who  is  not  well  informed 
would  be  easily  persuaded  to  join,  on  a 
basis  of  his  smooth  approach,  and  I  think 
you  should  know  of  his  workings  and 
have  some  further  information  in  the 
Agriculturist  telling  farmers  the  whole 
story. 

“On  questioning,  it  appeared  that  in 
fact  he  represented  the  United  Mine 
Workers  local  No.  50,  though  he  never 
volunteered  such  information.  He  said 
‘the  only  reason  why  the  local  No.  50 
is  in  this  at  all  is  because  the  farmers 
asked  for  their  help  to  organize,  and 
when  the  organization  is  over  the  whole 
movement  will  stand  alone  without  any 
supervision  from  the  union.’ 

“I  interpret  this  last  statement  as  a 
bald-face  lie  intended  to  deceive,  though 
I  cannot  prove  it.  I  don’t  think  that  any 
farmers  ever  asked  for  the  help,  nor  that 
they  have  any  intention  of  turning  it 
back  to  the  farmers.  Why  not  expose 
this  bird?” — L.  C.,  N.  Y. 

THIS  LETTER  from  a  prominent 
Central  New  York  farmer  definitely 
proves  what  American  Agriculturist 
has  stated  many  times,  that  John  L. 
Lewis’  organizers  tell  a  clever  story 
without  regard  to  the  facts,  and  that 
farmers  must  watch  out  against  be¬ 
lieving  any  such  stories  told  by  smoo.th- 
talking  strangers. 

Also,  you  should  particularly  note 
the  statement  in  the  above  letter  where 
the  organizer  stated : 

“The  only  reason  why  the  Local  No.  50 
is  in  this  at  all  is  because  the  farmers 
asked  for  their  help  to  organize  .  .  .  etc.” 

John  L.  Lewis’  gang  never  was  ask- 

ed  by  farmers  to  come  into  this  milk 

shed.  They  came  as  part  of  a  national 

movement  to  organize  agriculture  to 
promote  the  selfish  interests  and  ad¬ 
vancement  to  power  of  John  L.  Lewis, 
his  relatives,  and  friends.  They  had 
already  crowded  into  the  Michigan 
milk  shed,  and  had  started  in  some 
other  sections.  They  got  their  feet  into 
the  door  in  the  New  York  milk  shed 
by  approaching  the  leaders  of  the 
Dairy  Farmers’  Union  and  promising 
those  leaders,  just  as  they  are  now 
promising  farmers,  that  when  the  or¬ 
ganization  job  was  done  the  Union  and 
not  Lewis’  outfit  would  still  have  con¬ 
trol. 

V 

— U3Wkl.' 

Promises  Forgotten 

On  that  basis  the  Union  leaders, 
many  of  whom  were  quite  sincere  and 
wanted  to  help  the  farmers,  agreed  to 
go  along.  It  soon  became  apparent, 
however,  that  the  leaders  and  farmers 
of  the  Dairy  Farmers’  Union  had  been 
sold  down  the  river,  and  had  been 
swept  so  far  down  that  they  had  lost 
complete  control  to  outside  Mine  Work¬ 
ers  leadership.  The  Dairy  Farmers’ 
Union  was  promised  a  constitution  and 
bylaws  which  would  protect  the  Union 
farmers’  democratic  rights.  But  in 
spite  of  continued  promises  from  the 
Lewis  leaders  that  constitution  was 
never  drawn.  Then,  on  August  26,  the 
Dairy  Farmers’  Union  was  dissolved 
and  turned  over  to  John  Lewis  and  his 
United  Mine  Workers. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  at  this 
meeting  at  which  the  Dairy  Farmers’ 


Union  was  dissolved,  several  of  the 
delegates  who  voted  to  do  this  were 
paid  Lewis’  organizers.  The  ballot  to 
kill  the  Union  was  not  secret,  and  with 
Lewis  organizers  in  control  of  many  of 
the  county  delegations,  many  of  the 
other  delegates  did  not  dare  to  vote 
against  the  dissolution  of  the  Union. 
In  proof  that  delegates  and  the  con¬ 
vention  itself  were  largely  in  control 
of  men  paid  by  Lewis’  Mine  Workers, 
here  are  some  of  the  actual  names  of 
the  men  who  voted  for  killing  the 
Farmers’  Union: 

Pearl  Devendorf,  who,  although  a 
paid  Lewis  organizer,  sat  as  chairman 
of  the  Jefferson  County  delegates. 

Fay  Parker,  another  paid  organizer, 
sat  as  chairman  of  Madison  County 
delegates. 

Verne  Olin,  of  Oswego  County,  was 
not  an  accredited  delegate,  but  filled  a 
vacancy  and  sat  as  a  delegate.  He  is 
in  the  employ  of  the  Mine  Workers. 

Jo  Hammer  of  Saratoga  County,  an¬ 
other  delegate,  spoke  from  the  floor 
and  did  all  he  could  to  help  the  Lewis 
forces.  He  is  not  a  farmer  and  has 
no  cows. 

On  the  other  hand,  we  are  glad  to 
say  that  Stanley  Campbell,  chairman 
of  the  Delaware  County  group,  al¬ 
though  a  paid  organizer  of  Lewis’ 
bunch,  fought  against  Lewis’  group  and 
opposed  them  strongly.  He  attempted 
to  introduce  a  resolution  that  would 
have  called  for  the  Dairy  Farmers’ 
Union  to  continue  as  an  active  organi¬ 
zation. 

Followed  Orders 

The  point  for  farmers,  and  particular¬ 
ly  the  dairymen  members  of  the  Dairy 
Farmers’  Union  to  remember  from  this 
is  that  men  who  were  instrumental  in 
turning  their  farmers’  organization 
over  to  the  Lewis  forces,  hook,  line 
and  sinker,  posed  as  representatives 
of  the  farmers,  but  really  were  in  the 
paid  employ  of  Lewis  and  his  United 
Mine  Workers. 

That  is  the  answer  to  the  clever, 
tricky  Mine  Worker  organizers  who 
are  now  telling  farmers  that  they,  the 
farmers,  will  have  complete  control. 
The  real  truth  is  that  farmers  will  have 

nothing  whatever  to  say  in  the  manage¬ 

ment  of  the  District  50  United  Mine 
Workers’  Union.  Instead,  they  will  be 

told  what  to  do  and  what  to  pay — 
which  will  be  plenty. 

Leader  Resigned 

One  of  the  leaders  of  the  Dairy 
Farmers’  Union  was  Dairyman  Lyn- 
den  O.  Simmons,  of  Camden,  New 
York,  who  points  out  that  he  believed 
at  first  that  an  affiliation  with  the  Mine 
Workers  would  be  a  good  thing  for 
dairy  farmers,  providing  the  dairy 
farmers  could  continue  to  exercise 
democratic  control  for  their  organiza¬ 
tion  and  their  business.  So  Mr.  Sim¬ 
mons  agreed  to  go  along  with  the  Mine 
Workers  promises  of  cooperation  to 
improve  the  milk  marketing  situation. 
However,  when  Mr.  Simmons  found  out 
what  Lewis’  real  purposes'  were,  he 
resigned  as  a  member  of  the  general 
organization  committee  of  the  Dairy 
Farmers’  Union,  and  charged  in  his 
letter  of  resignation,  published  in  the 
Utica  Daily  Press,  that  “all  decisions 
for  United  Dairy  Farmers  are  being 
made  by  one  person  and  that  it  is  not 
a  farmers’  organization.” 

Mr.  Simmons’  letter,  addressed  to 
Holland  Foster,  formerly  President  oi 
( Continued  on  Page  10) 


Ar  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


9  (547) 


SOME  NEW  DEALS 

By  £d  *10.  Mitchell 


IT  IS  NOT  hard  for  a  fruit  grower 
to  find  something  to  talk  or  write 
about  at  this  season  of  the  year,  or  to 
speak  or  write  with  feeling.  All  you 
have  to  do  is  to  look  at  the  Macs  on 
the  ground  that  have  no  home,  the 
Macs  on  the  trees  that  have  no  picker 
save  the  wind,  at  the  idle  picking  bags 
and  ladders,  and  at  your  pay-roll  and 
account  sales  sheets.  It’s  almost  like 
seeing  a  race  horse  fall  down  and  break 
a  leg  when  your  money  is  placed  on 
him  to  win. 

Apple  growing  is  a  gamble,  as  well 
as  a  highly  scientific  and  skilled  occu¬ 
pation;  but  it  is  so  much  fun  to  grow 
a  crop  in  spite  of  all  the  difficulties 
and  hazards,  and  such  a  disagree¬ 
able  job  to  market  it,  that  most  apple 
growers  fall  down  at  that  most  im¬ 
portant  point.  We  had  better  master 
the  marketing  problem  or  we  won’t  be 
apple  growers  very  long.  Here  are  a 
few  of  the  things  I  think  we  need  the 
most,  and  that  seem  possible  to  do: 

We  need  a  commentator  or  commit¬ 
tee  and  adequate  publicity  so  that  crop 
conditions  and  market  outlook  and 
price  may  be  interpreted  for  and  ex¬ 
pounded  to  all  the  growers,  especially 
the  small  and  ill-informed  ones  that 
give  their  crop  away  in  fright  nearly 
every  year.  They  suffer  needless  loss 
that  they  can  not  afford,  and  break  the 
market  for  the  rest. 

We  need  more  research  and  more 
facilities  to  save  the  drops  and  poorer 
grades  by  processing  them  into  useful 
by-products.  The  waste  of  early  ap¬ 


ples,  including  drop  McIntosh,  is  sinful 
and  appalling.  Better  distribution  and 
marketing  will  help  some,  but  process¬ 
ing  and  by-products  must  be  the  base 
on  which  to  build  a  refuge  for  that 
part  of  the  crop. 

We  need  better  financing  to  provide 
the  funds  to  lay  in  packages  and  harv¬ 
est  the  crop,  rather  than  to  depend  on 
buyers  and  early  sales. 

All  these  things  could  be  done  by 
growers  cooperating  and  all  working 
toward  that  end,  and  especially  by 
local  groups  associated  into  one  big 
cooperative  selling  organization.  It 
will  take  leadership,  hard  work,  money 
and  time  to  do  it;  but  it  is  so  logical, 
practical  and  necessary,  that  most 
growers  will  go  along  with  any  such 
undertaking  and  lend  a  hand  wherever 
they  can.  Our  apple  advertising  cam¬ 
paigns  have  pointed  the  way  and 
pioneered  some  of  the  ground,  surely 
some  “Moses”  will  arise  to  lead  us  to 
a  promised  land  of  better  use  and  mar¬ 
keting  of  this  important  crop. 

Meanwhile,  the  growers  are  battling 
with  wind  and  weather;  labor,  pack¬ 
ages  and  shortage  of  storage  space  and 
trucks;  and  pouring  apples  into  every 
market  that  offers  even  a  glimmer  of 
hope  for  a  return  that  will  cover  mar¬ 
keting  costs.  If  growers  were  better  at 
figuring,  a  lot  of  this  stuff  would  be 
dumped  over  the  bank  and  more  room 
made  for  better  grades  that  might  pos¬ 
sibly  show  some  margin  of  profit.  Let’s 
all  sharpen  our  pencils,  figure  costs, 
and  stop  sending  apples  to  market  that 
bring  back  only  red  ink. 


POTATO  GOSSIP 

By  all.  f).  Uled) 


THIS  HAS  been  a  good  season  for 
anyone  interested  in  potatoes,  and 
especially  varietal  characteristics,  to 
make  some  careful  observations  as  to 
blight  resistance.  Potato  blight  has 
been  general  throughout  all  the  late 
producing  states  and  many  fields  were 
killed  before  the  crop  was  anywhere 
near  maturity.  This  resulted  in  a  large 
percentage  of  small  potatoes  in  many 
fields,  and  some  fields  which  were 
neither  sprayed  nor  dusted  will  not  be 
dug  because  of  the  infection  to  the 
tubers.  Blight  spores  are  washed  from 
the  leaves  into  the  ground  and  onto 
the  tubers  during  heavy  rains.  In 
most  of  New  York  State  rains  were 
general  during  August,  over  nine 
inches  being  reported  at  several  sta¬ 
tions. 

Thoroughness  Brings  Control 

For  years  there  has  been  a  con¬ 
troversy  between  those  who  sprayed 
and  those  who  dusted  as  to  which  was 
the  most  effective  and  most  economical. 
The  dust  users  are  willing  to  admit 
that  their  materials  cost  more  than 
spray  materials,  but  they  also  point 
out  that  to  spray  efficiently  and  get  re¬ 
sults  one  must  have  three  or  four 
times  as  much  money  invested  in 
sprayers  and  water  hauling  equipment 
as  he  has  in  his  dusters.  This  year 
has  been  a  fine  season  to  test  methods 
of  blight  control.  Anyone  traveling 
around  the  country  will  observe  that 
both  the  grower  who  dusted  right  and 
the  one  who  had  sprayed  right  has  had 
satisfactory  control  results.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  fellow  who  sprayed 
only  a  few  times  with  limited  amounts 
of  Bordeaux  or  the  grower  who  dusted 
a  few  times,  perhaps  on  a  windy  day, 
might  just  about  as  well  have  saved 
his  money. 


Potato  growers,  over  a  long  period 
of  time,  have  been  wanting  a  variety 
of  potatoes  which  would  be  immune 
to  potato  blight.  Plant  breeders  have 
been  working  on  this  subject  for  a  long 
time  and  Dr.  Reddick  of  Cornell  has 
made  some  very  outstanding  progress 
in  this  field.  Being  a  very  careful 
scientist,  he  is  not  willing  to  release, 
officially,  some  of  his  seedlings  until 
they  have  had  plenty  of  trial,  but  per¬ 
haps  after  this  season  he  will  conclude 
that  he  is  ready  to  show  us  some  of 
the  seedlings  he  has  selected. 

Among,  the  new  varieties  of  the  last 
decade  we  have  one  which  shows  con¬ 
siderable  blight  resistance.  Sebago, 
for  several  years  now,  has  been  out¬ 
standing  in  this  connection  and  al¬ 
though  it  will  take  blight  it  is  not  any¬ 
where  near  as  susceptible  as  Russet 
Rural  for  instance  and  perhaps  due  to 
this  fact  very  few  tubers  are  affected. 
There  is  some  question  as  to  whether 
the  tuber  itself  shows  the  same  im¬ 
munity  as  the  foliage  but  there  are 
some  growers  who  believe  it  does.  We 
have  seen  several  fields  of  Sebagos 
which  have  run  clean  throughout  the 
season,  and  in  which  it  was  difficult  to 
find  any  blighted  plants,  on  farms 
where  other  varieties  were  practically 
down.  The  future  of  the  Sebago,  from 
this  standpoint,  seems  assured,  but 
heavy  yield  is  another  reason  why  Se¬ 
bago  will  increase  in  popularity  as  a 
late  potato.  Not  only  does  it  yield 
heavily  but  the  tubers  are  of  good 
cooking  quality,  apparently  very  sel¬ 
dom  showing  any  discoloration  at  the 
stem  end  and  cooking  white  under 
normal  conditions.  When  planted 
closely  the  tubers  are  quite  uniform  in 
size  but  the  tubers  can  easily  be  over¬ 
size  if  the  seed  is  planted  too  far  apart. 


Licking  the  labor  shortage 


Farm  labor  has  been  scarce;  will  be  scarcer  next  year. 

But  chores  have  been  done,  crops  planted  and'  harvested, 
food  for  many  nations  taken  from  American  soil.  That  means 
youworked  longer  and  harder— and  so  did  your  equipment. 

Even  if  you  take  excellent  care  of  your  farm  machinery — 
excellent  by  pre-war  standards — perhaps  it  needs  an  extra 
check-up  to  compensate  for  the  extra  work  it’s  done. 

When  you  make  that  “extra”  check,  remember  that  pro¬ 
per  lubrication  is  the  most  important  single  factor  in 
better  tractor  performance  and  longer  tractor  life. 

Remember  too,  that  GULFLUBE  MOTOR  OIL  resists  ex¬ 
treme  heat,  is  a  tough  oil  that  stays  “Full”  between  regular 
drains,  is  a  quality  oil  ...  yet  is  thriftily  priced! 

Another  team  of  essential  Farm  Aids 


1.  GULFLEX  WHEEL  BEARING  GREASE  is 

the  most  advanced  type,  unusually  re¬ 
sistant  to  heat,  deterioration,  and  break¬ 
down.  It  is  compounded  to  fit  the  rec¬ 
ommendations  of  America’s  leading 
automotive  and  bearing  engineers.  Use 
it  for  ball  and  roller  bearings,  front 
and  rear  car  wheels,  tractors,  trucks, 
and  any  other  farm  machinery  that  re¬ 
quires  this  type  of  grease. 

2.  GULFLEX  WATERPROOF  GREASE  re¬ 
sists  melting  and  emulsification  at  high 
temperatures  in  auto,  truck,  and  trac¬ 
tor  engines.  It  is  an  outstanding  lubri- 


Gulf  fuels  and  lubricants  are  available  at 
your  Good  Gulf  station  and  at  Gulf  distrib¬ 
uting  plants.  Gulfspray, 
Gulf  Livestock  Spray,  and 
other  Gulf  products  for 
home  and  farm  are  sold  at 
Gulf  stations,  grocery, 
drug,  hardware,  variety 
stores.  ..at  milk  gathering 
stations, and  by  f  jed  stores. 


cant  for  water-pump  bearings  and  other 
equipment  where  a  product  of  this  type 
is  needed. 


HOW  TO  DO  IT 

by  R.  J.  S.  Pigott 

Gull  Research  and  Development  Division 


The  oil  level  in  the  fuel  injection 
pumps  of  Diesel  engines  should  be 
checked  whenever  the  engine  crank¬ 
case  oil  level  is  checked  and  sufficient 
-engine  oil  added  to  bring  the  oil  to  the 
proper  1  evel.The  oil  in  the  fuel  injection 
pump  should  likewise bechanged  when 
changing  crankcase  oil.  Consult  pages 
30  to  35  of  the  Gulf  Farm  Tractor  Guide 
for  the  correct  oil  for  your  tractor. 


FREE— 60-Page  Tractor  Manual 

A  complete,  authoritative  encyclopedia 
with  hundreds  of  tips  like  the  above 
on  tractor  operation  and  maintenance. 
Written  in  non-technical  language  by 
Gulf’s  tractor  experts  and  lubrication 
engineers,  it  should  cost  at  least  a  dollar 
if  it  were  for  sale.  But  it’s  absolutely 
free  to  tractor  operators.  Send  a  post¬ 
card  to  Gulf  Farm  Aids,  Room  3800, 
Gulf  Building,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  for  your 
copy.  Be  sure  to  state  type  or  types  of 
tractors  you  operate. 

OIL  IS  AMMUNITION  •  USE  IT  WISELY 


TUNE  IN— “We,  the  People” !—  Sunday  Night  at  7:30  Eastern  War  Time — Columbia  Nctvok 


(548)  lO 


Aj  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


AN  important  feature  of  TI-O-GA  service 
is  the  TI-O-GA  Dairy  Feeding  Pro¬ 
gram,  which  shows  you  how  to  feed  cor¬ 
rectly  yet  with  greatest  economy.  It  is 
simple  and  easy  to  follow  and  points  the 
way  to  more  profitable  use  of  the  roughage 
you  raise. 

Let  the  TI-O-GA  service  man  near  you 
explain  TI-O-GA’s  tested  Dairy  Feeding 
Program,  without  obligation.  A  free  book¬ 
let  is  also  available.  Ask  your  TI-O-GA 
dealer  or  write  to 

TI-O-GA  MILLS,  Inc. 

Dept  C-102,  WAVERLY,  N.  Y. 


'RYFEEDS 


DAILY  FARM  NEWS  REPORTS 

Local  and  National 

ALSO 

MARKET  REPORTS 

May  Be  Heard  Daily  Over 


6:30  A.  M.  Farm  Bulletin 
12:15  P.  M.  Farm  Front  News 

Now,  more  than  ever  before,  it  is  vital  that 
farmers  receive  last-minute,  up-to-the-min¬ 
ute  news.  Tom  Murray,  your  Farm  Front 
reporter,  compiles  his  news  and  reports  up 
to  the  very  minute  he  goes  on  the  air.  His 
information  is  gathered  from  the  Farm 
Bureau  Offices  in  Western  New  York 
Counties,  the  College  of  Agriculture  in 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  the  LJ.S.D.A.,  the  State  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture  and  Markets,  and 
the  State  Experimental  Station  at  Geneva, 

N.  Y. 

Here  is  your  most  reliable  source  of  accurate  information 

Rochester’s  Clear  Channel  Station 
11 80  on  the  dial  50,000  Watts 


WHA 


ov9* 


Jo  Relieve 
Misery  of 


^466 

LIQUID. TABLETS.  SALVE .  HOSE  DROPS 


HOTEL  GREAT  NORTHERN 

(I  |  Centrally  located  in  midtown 
I  6  New  York.  Near  Radio  City, 

I  B  theatres,  fine  shops.  Large  com- 
K  B  fortable  and  attractive 

I  B  ROOM  AND  BATH  ffom . 

B  AAA  Hotel.  Carage  ad- 
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B  St.  entrance.  Folder  per  day. 

B  118  WEST  57th  ST..  NEW  YORK 


BUY 

UNITED 
STATES 
SAVINGS 
RONDS 
AND  STAMPS 


THE  TRAGIC  BETRAYAL  OF  THE 
DAIRY  FARMERS’  UNION 

( Continued  from  Page  8) 


the  Dairy  Farmers’  Union,  in  the  Utica 
Press  states  further: 

“For  three  months,  you  and  I  and  some 
county  leaders  have  constantly  endeavor¬ 
ed  to  obtain  from  District  50  of  the 
United  Mine  Workers,  cooperation  to  re¬ 
sult  in  a  constitution  and  definite  setup 
for  the  new  organization,  United  Dairy 
Farmers.  t 

“Officials  of  District  50  assured  us  on 
March  6  that  we  could  have  anything  we 
wanted  written  into  our  constitution  pro¬ 
viding  it  did  not  conflict  with  the  con¬ 
stitution  of  the  Mine  Workers.  We  were 
definitely  assured  that  our  own  setup  in 
this  milkshed  would  not  be  molested  and 
that  farmer  control  would  be  preserved. 

“You  well  know  that  conferences  with 
District  50  for  the  purpose  of  achieving 
a  constitution  and  definite  setup  of  or¬ 
ganization  which  would  be  acceptable 
were  delayed  and  postponed  for  months. 

“The  setup  being  developed  for  United 
Dairy  Farmers  is  not  what  we  agreed 
to  when  we  voted  affiliation.  Instead  of 
satisfying  our  farmers  that  the  organi¬ 
zation  will  be  farmer  controlled,  District 
50  cunningly  connived  to  dissolve  the 
Dairy  Farmers’  Union. 

“Through  their  hired  stooges  they  en¬ 
gineered  and  ran  the  DFA  convention 
August  26.  That  convention  killed  off  the 
Dairy  Farmers’  Union  and  as  a  face-saver 
placed  the  general  organization  commit¬ 


tee  temporarily  on  the  pay  roll  of  the 
United  Mine  Workers. 

“All  decisions  for  United  Dairy  Farm¬ 
ers’  Division  of  District  50  are  being  made 
by  one  person.  It  is  not  a  farmers’  or¬ 
ganization.  I  consider  it  a  pig  in  a  bag. 
As  a  farmer,  I  cannot  accept  it,  now  that 
it  is  revealed  under  its  true  colors. 

“Instead  of  affiliation  with  District  50 
of  the  United  Mine  Workers  of  the  CIO 
we  now  are  to  become  just  a  division  of 
District  50,  without  constitution  or  by¬ 
laws.  That  is  a  far  cry  from  a  farmer- 
controlled  union,  affiliated  with  a  labor 
union. 

“I  will  not  promote  its  activities  or 
further  be  associated  with  it.  I  hereby 
resign  from  the  general  organization 
committee  of  the  United  Dairy  Farmers. 
I  shall  remain  a  member  of  the  Dairy 
Farmers’  Union  until  that  organization 
ceases  to  function  in  Oneida  County.” 

That  letter  of  resignation  from  a 
sincere  dairyman  who  had  been  active 
in  the  leadership  of  the  Dairy  Farmers’ 
Union,  and  from  a  man  who  sat  in 
the  meetings  and  conferences  that  ar¬ 
ranged  the  so-called  partnership  with 
the  United  Mine  Workers,  ought  to  be 
evidence  enough  to  any  thinking  dairy¬ 
man  of  the  necessity  of  keeping  free 
and  clear  from  John  L.  Lewis  and  all 
his  works. 


FARMERS  FIGHT  FOR  A 
SQUARE  PRICE  DEAL 

(Continued  from  Page  1) 


ington,  pointing  out  the  gravity  of  the 
coming  food  shortage,  and  stating  that 
if  the  farmer  was  to  continue  to  pro¬ 
duce  food,  he  must  have  prices  to  take 
care  of  his  rising  costs  of  production. 
I  also  emphasized  the  great  danger  of 

draining  our  skilled  manpower  from  the 

farms.  I  stated  that  farmers  take  a 

back  seat  to  no  one  in  their  patriotism. 
(See  also  my  letter  to  Secretary  Wick- 
ard  on  Page  5  of  this  issue).  They  will 
do  everything  that  they  can  to  help 
win  the  war,  but  with  their  hired  men 
and  sons  gone,  with  farm  machinery 
and  other  supplies  rationed,  and  with 
a  hundred  and  one  other  problems  to 
face,  hundreds  of  farmers  are  rapidly 
reaching  the  situation  where  they  can 
no  longer  carry  on.  Just  yesterday  I 
received  a  report  showing  that  hun¬ 
dreds  of  food  producers  in  New  Jersey 
are  planning  to  reduce  their  crops  next 
year  because  they  can’t  care  for  them, 
and  because  the  government  and  con¬ 
sumers  are  unwilling  to  give  farmers 
costs  of  production. 

Another  great  problem  bearing  on 
this  price  situation  is  the  fact  that  the 
large  city  newspapers  are  telling  con¬ 
sumers  that  farmers  are  profiteers,  that 
farmers  alone  are  to  blame  for  the  ris¬ 
ing  costs  of  food  to  the  consumer.  As 
pointed  out  above,  one  of  the  real  rea¬ 
sons  for  the  high  food  costs  are  the 
high  wages  of  the  men  and  women  who 
handle  the  food  after  it  leaves  the 
farmer’s  hands.  Consumers — city  wage 
earners — are  responsible  for  this,  and 
not  the  farmers.  Consumers  are  also 
responsible  for  the  fact  that  because 
they  are  receiving  such  high  wages 
now  they  are  buying  more  food,  such 
as  expensive  cuts  of  meat,  than  they 
ever  have  before.  I  can  take  you  into 
a  meat  market  in  Ithaca  where  you 
have  to  stand  in  line  to  wait  your  turn, 
and  where  almost  every  customer  takes 
far  larger  orders  of  meat  than  she  did 
even  a  year  ago,  when  she  can  get  it. 
The  supply  is  running  short. 

ABUSIVE 

Yet  newspaper  editors,  particularly 
in  the  larger  cities,  either  are  ignorant 
of  these  facts  or  purposely  ignore  them 
and  place  the  blame  for  prices  on  the 


farmer.  The  radio  commentators  have 
been  particularly  abusive,  calling  Na¬ 
tional  Grange  Master  Albert  Goss, 
President  O’Neal  of  the  Farm  Bureau, 
H.  E.  Babcock,  the  other  farm  leaders 
and  members  of  Congress,  profiteers 
and  unpatriotic  because  they  have 
fought  to  give  farmers  the  opportunity 
to  continue  to  produce  food.  I  am  glad 
to  state  that  there  are  many  excep¬ 
tions  to  this  among  the  newspapers. 
The  entire  Gannett  Press  has  stated 
the  facts  very  fairly  from  the  farmer’s 
standpoint,  and  some  of  them  have 
written  strong  editorials  showing  that 
the  production  of  enough  food  to  win 
the  war  is  the  real  issue  and  not  the 
price.  For  example,  the  Rochester 
Times  Union,  a  Gannett  Paper,  says: 

“If  farmers’  prices  are  held  so  low 
that  farmers  cannot  obtain  labor  or 
that  they  themselves  have  to  take  fac¬ 
tory  jobs,  the  disastrous  results  will  be 
felt  by  everybody.” 

The  Syracuse  Post-Standard  also  has 
had  strong  and  fair  editorials  on  the 
subject.  There  are  many  other  such 
newspapers  across  the  Northeast  that 
face  the  facts.  But  in  the  largest  cities 
where  the  facts  are  most  needed  from 
the  consumer  standpoint,  the  papers, 
radio,  and  some  politicians  are  mis¬ 
representing  the  situation.  When  the 
food  pinch  comes,  it  will  be  the  con¬ 
sumer,  not  the  farmer,  who  will  suffer 
most.  Farmers  won’t  starve.  Others 

may.  And  we  may  lose  the  war  if  some 

so-called  leaders  of  government  and 

public  opinion  don’t  change  their 

attitude. 


COOPEBATION 

This  fight  for  a  square  deal  on  farm 
prices  emphasizes  again  the  great 
value,  the  absolute  necessity,  of  farm 
organization.  Farm  organization  lead¬ 
ers  met  in  Washington  to  see  what 
could  be  done  immediately  following 
the  introduction  of  the  bill  to  reduce 
parity  from  110  per  cent  to  100  per 
cent.  (By  the  way,  few  farmers  in 
America  have  ever  received  even  100 
per  cent,  to  say  nothing  of  110).  These 
farm  leaders  included  H.  E.  Babcock* 
President  of  the  National  Council  of 

( Continued  on  opposite  page) 


Ai  ierican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


1 1  (549) 


Farmer  Cooperatives,  which  lists  in  its 
membership  all  the  important  coopera¬ 
tives  in  the  United  States,  including 
63  major  dairy  cooperative  associa¬ 
tions,  with  a  membership  of  275,000 
farm  families  in  forty  states.  Mr.  Bab¬ 
cock  is  also  author  of  “Kernels,  Screen¬ 
ings  &  Chaff”  in  American  Agricultur¬ 
ist.  Also  present  at  the  meeting  were 
Albert  S.  Goss,  Master  of  the  National 
Grange;  Edward  H.  O’Neal,  President 
of  the  American  Farm  Bureau  Federa¬ 
tion;  Charles  Holman,  Secretary  of  the 
National  Cooperative  Milk  Producers’ 
Association;  representatives  of  the 
Dairymen’s  League  Cooperative  Asso¬ 
ciation;  and  other  leaders  of  the  Na¬ 
tional  Milk  Producers’  Association. 

VICTORY 

When  these  leaders  got  to  work  to 
see  what  could  be  done,  the  situation 
seemed  to  be  impossible.  The  Adminis¬ 
tration  was  set  on  reducing  parity,  and 
bitterly  opposed  to  including  farm 
wages  in  figuring  farm  costs  of  produc¬ 
tion.  But  a  lot  of  Congressmen  and 
Senators,  including  many  of  tnose  from 
the  Northeast,  I  am  glad  to  say,  rea¬ 
lized  the  gravity  of  this  food  situation. 
So  they  took  their  coats  off  and  work¬ 
ing  with  the  farm  leaders  were  able  to 
get  a  bill  with  the  farm  wage  amend¬ 
ment  reported  out  of  committee,  and 
passed  it  through  the  House. 

Here  is  the  story  of  what  has  hap¬ 
pened  since  the  first  part  of  this  article 
was  written.  Without  letting  up  for  a 
moment,  the  fight  was  then  carried  to 
the  United  States  Senate.  Finally,  on 
Wednesday,  September  30,  the  Senate 
passed  an  anti-inflation  bill  authoriz¬ 
ing  and  directing  President  Roosevelt 
to  act  before  November  1  to  stabilize 
prices,  wages,  and  salaries  at  Septem¬ 
ber  15  levels  as  far  as  practical. 

The  bill  as  finally  passed  by  the  Sen¬ 
ate  contained  a  compromise  amend¬ 
ment,  directing  the  President  to  lift 
farm  price  ceilings  when  they  did  not 
reflect  to  growers  the  increase  in  labor 
and  other  costs  since  January  1,  1941, 
“with  adequate  weighting  being  given 
to  farm  labor.” 

Both  the  Senate  and  House  bills  pro¬ 
vided  that  no  price  ceilings  below  par¬ 
ity  can  be  fixed  on  farm  products. 

While  the  bill  as  passed  by  Congress 
represents  a  compromise  on  the  part 
of  farm  leaders  and  their  friends  in 
Congress,  nevertheless,  the  farm  or¬ 
ganizations  have  won  a  great  victory, 
a  victory  not  only  for  the  farmers  but 
particularly  for  the  consumer,  for,  as 
has  been  said  many  times,  the  produc¬ 
tion  of  enough  food  not  the  price  is  the 
real  issue. 

It  is  not  thought  at  this  time  that 
the  President  will  veto  the  measure 
as  finally  passed.  If  he  does,  he  and 
not  Congress  nor  the  farmers  must 
take  the  responsibility  for  a  short  food 
supply. 

Also  at  issue  in  the  controversy  was 
the  great  principle  of  whether  Con¬ 
gress,  which  represents  the  people, 
should  make  the  laws,  or  whether  they 
should  be  made  by  the  executive  branch 
of  government.  In  time  of  war  it  is 
necessary  for*  even  liberty-loving  peo¬ 
ple  to  give  up  some  of  their  liberty. 
But  it  is  also  highly  important  that 
those  rights  be  restored  at  the  end  of 
the  war,  and  that  we  continue  to  have 
a  government  by  law,  not  a  govern¬ 
ment  by  men.  In  this  fight  over  farm 
price  ceilings,  Congress  has  again 
demonstrated  that  we  shall  continue  to 
have  a  government  by  law,  and  the 
leaders  and  members  of  Congress  who 
stood  up  for  this  principle  in  face  of 
great  pressure  are  to  be  highly  con¬ 
gratulated. 

— a.  aJ — 

Two  Letters  on  Food 

(Continued  from  Page  5) 
want  prices  for  their  products  which 
will  enable  them  to  continue  to  produce 
enough  food.  The  government  itself  is 
highly  inconsistent  in  encouraging  the 
highest  possible  wages  right  here  on 


Navy  and  Army  projects  within  twenty 
miles  of  where  this  is  written,  wages 
which  are  three  times  what  local  farm¬ 
ers  can  afford  to  pay  for  harvesting 
vital  food  crops.  I  was  much  impressed 
with  what  you  said,  as  reported  in  the 
news  this  morning,  about  the  grave 
danger  so  far  as  food  production  is  con¬ 
cerned  of  getting  there  too  late  with 
too  little. 

With  kindest  regards,  I  am 
Sincerely  yours, 

E.  R.  EASTMAN. 

President  and  Editor. 
— a.  a.  — 

flow  to  Collect  Scrap 

THE  IMPORTANT  thing  now  is  to 
get  enough  scrap  collected  before 
snow  flies  to  keep  the  steel  mills  run¬ 
ning  at  full  blast  until  next  spring. 

How  is  it  being  done?  Every  state 
in  the  Union  has  a  State  Scrap  Com¬ 
mittee.  Executive  Secretaries  for  these 
Committees  in  the  Northeast  were 


given  on  page.  9  of  the  September  26 
issue.  Every  city  and  every  county 
have  Salvage  Committees,  and  where 
plans  have  not  already  been  made,  they 
are  rapidly  taking  form  for  a  house-to- 
house  canvass. 

For  farm  scrap  collection,  the  most 
workable  plan  is  for  the  use  of  town 
and  county  highway  trucks,  and  this 
has  been  adopted  over  a  wide  area. 
The  O.P.A.  has  indicated  that  trucks 
collecting  scrap  can  get  what  gasoline 
they  need. 

WHAT  TO  DO 

The  first  job  is  to  get  the  scrap  on 
your  farm  collected  into  a  pile.  Do  not 
overlook  the  dump  heap  that  has  been 
collecting  for  years  somewhere  on  the 
farm.  Local  newspaper  and  radio  sta¬ 
tions  will  tell  you  when  the  collection 
will  occur.  Time  will  be  saved  for  the 
men  and  trucks  collecting  the  scrap  if 
it  can  be  piled  at  the  roadside,  though 
many  Committees  have  said  that  where 


it  is  necessary  trucks  will  go  back  into 
the  fields  to  make  collections. 

The  important  thing  is  to  get  the 
scrap  —  the  method  does  not  matter. 
Therefore,  each  County  Committee  is 
allowed  to  work  out  a  program  that 
seems  to  fit  the  local  situation.  One 
thing,  however,  is  important.  All  scrap 
collection  efforts,  either  by  individuals 
or  organizations,  should  be  under  the 
direction  of  the  County  Committee.  In 
that  way,  duplication  will  be  avoided, 
and  the  area  will  be  covered  with  a 
fine-tooth  comb. 

If,  in  addition  to  collecting  your  own 
scrap,  you  want  to  help  in  the  drive, 
tell  your  county  or  local  chairman.  If 
3rou  know  of  any  sources  of  scrap  that 
might  be  overlooked,  give  them  that 
information,  too. 

There  is  no  question  but  that  we 
have  enough  scrap  to  keep  the  steel 
mills  going  or  that  it  will  be  collected 
and  sent  on  its  way  if  everyone  pitches 
in  and  does  his  share. 


WHILE  the  mammoth  Western  plants  are 
serving  the  Stars  and  Stripes  —  concentrat¬ 
ing  night  and  day  on  the  production  of  millions 
of  military  cartridges— the  names  SILVERTIP, 
SUPER-X,  XPERT  and  SUPER-MATCH  re¬ 
main  symbols  of  outstanding  service  to  the 
shooters  of  America. 

All  of  the  ingenuity  of  the  now  greatly  aug¬ 
mented  Western  technical  staff,  which  devel¬ 


oped  this  famous  line  of  World  Champion 
Ammunition,  is  focused  on  the  one  big  vital 
job  of  giving  our  fighters  the  benefits  of  its 
skill  and  long  experience; 


Western  ammunition — our  entire  manufactur¬ 
ing  facilities — yes,  and  the  many  thousands  of 
loyal  Western  workers— are  proudly  in  the 
service  of  Uncle  Sam  . . .  until  Victory! 
WESTERN  CARTRIDGE  COMPANY,  EAST  ALTON,  ILL. 


•-  f 


4 


AMERICAN  FARMERS 

are  fighting  a 

“STALINGRAD”  BATTLE  TOO! 

...  and  Only  United  Action 


Will  Win  It! 


All  the  world  salutes  the  heroic  resistance  of  Stalingrad's  gallant  defenders.  Weeks  ago  it 
seemed  that  the  battered  city  must  fall.  Yet  old  men  and  women,  young  girls  and  boys  in  their 
teens  swarmed  out  to  take  their  places  beside  the  hard-pressed  army.  And  cooperative  action 
threw  back  all  that  the  enemy  could  muster. 

Farmers  are  Fighting,  Desperately,  Too ! 

Here  at  home— less  noticed  perhaps,  but  almost  as  important  in  the  final  victory,  American 
farmers,  their  wives,  daughters  and  younger  sons  are  putting  up  an  equally  heroic  fight. 
They  are  trying  to  throw  back  the  threatened  food  shortage  which  looms  ever  blacker  on  the 
horizon  of  tomorrow. 

As  a  result  of  army  service  and  factory  employment,  there  are  few  adult  men  under  50 
years  of  age  left  on  the  farms.  And  these  middle-aged  men — and  their  immature  sons — must 
carry  on  the  exhausting  labor  of  tending  the  herds  and  harvesting  the  crops  from  long  before 
dawn  until  long  after  dark. 

Like  the  beleagured  Russians,  these  American  farmers  are  also  looking  forward  hopefully 
for  a  “second  front.”  A  front  that  will  help  to  diminish  the  severity  of  the  crisis.  A  “front”  of 
hired  labor  on  the  farm  that  will  lift  to  some  extent  the  burdens  now  resting  on  the  shoulders 
of  men  past  their  prime. 

No  matter  whether  you  call  this  “second  front”  by  the  name  of  “parity  prices,”  or  by  any 
other  compromise  name,  it  will  make  little  difference  in  the  end.  If  farmers  are  able  to  plant 

their  fields  and  to  harvest  the  extra  crops  that  will  be  neces¬ 
sary  to  feed  the  United  Nations  and  their  fighting  forces, 
then  all  will  be  well.  If  farmers  are  not  able  to  do  this,  then 
the  danger  of  defeat  is  very  real  indeed. 

Right  now  the  situation  is  not  hopeless.  For  through 
united  action  farm  organizations  of  all  kinds  and  from  all 
parts  of  the  country  are  working  together  today  more 
effectively  than  ever  before — a  unity  never  before  attained. 
With  this  group  voice  farmers  can  make  themselves  heard 
both  in  Washington  and  throughout  the  nation,  telling 
exactly  what  the  cost  of  a  food  shortage  will  be. 


T 


to 


Jmm 

■  w*  Believe 

«0,V  Depend 
In  it  -  -  *  r 

""  vou  *i» 


ft 


ft 


”  *3*3*3 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


13 


(551) 


v_ 

he  2ue4tio*i  Hqjc 


STORING  SQUASH 

A  year  ago,  we  stored  some  Hubbard 
squash  in  the  cellar,  and  they  did  not 
keep  at  all  well.  AVhat  are  the  require¬ 
ments  lor  storing  .squash? 

Squash  need  a  rather  dry  storage 
place  with  a  temperature  that  is  rela¬ 
tively  high.  For  the  first  two  weeks, 
a  temperature  of  about  80°  F.  is  recom¬ 
mended,  and  after  that  50°.  Where 
they  are  grown  commercially,  squash 
are  usually  stored  on  racks,  piled  only 
one  deep.  In  your  case,  it  will  be  a 
question  of  deciding  what  available 
place  comes  nearest  to  providing  ideal 
conditions.  Sometimes  where  a  man 
has  a  few  to  keep,  he  stores  them  on 
the  floor  in  the  attic. 

*  *  * 

NITROGEN 

When  fruit  trees  or  small  fruits  are  set 
out  in  the  fall,  should  commercial  fertiliz¬ 
er  be  mixed  into  the  soil? 

It  is  generally  agreed  that  nitrogen 
is  the  fertilizing  element  most  fre¬ 
quently  needed  by  fruit  trees.  It  is 
not  a  good  idea  to  mix  in  nitrogen 
where  fruit  is  set  out  in  the  fall.  Nitro¬ 
gen  leaches  out  of  the  soil  more  easily 
than  other  fertilizing  elements.  There¬ 
fore,  wait  and  put  it  on  in  the  spring. 
If  the  nitrogen  had  any  effect  at  all 
this  fall,  it  would  be  to  start  growth 
which  would  not  mature  and  would, 
therefore,  be  subject  to  severe  winter 
killing. 

*  *  * 

BLACK  KNOT 

I  have  some  plum  trees  which  are  bad¬ 
ly  affected  with  black  knot.  How  can  I 
control  it? 

It  is  difficult  but  not  impossible  to 
eradicate  black  knot.  Go  through  your 
trees  any  time  this  winter,  as  knots  can 
be  more  easily  seen.  Cut  out  all  limbs 
affected  and  burn  them.  You  will  have 
to  keep  watch  of  the  trees  for  a  year 
or  two  and  cut  out  any  affected  places 
as  you  find  them.  This  disease  is  caus¬ 
ed  by  a  fungus  growth,  and  knotty 
places  produce  spores  which  will  spread 
the  disease.  That  is  why  any  branches 
trimmed  off  should  be  burned. 

*  *  * 

CONSERVE  FERTILITY 

i 

We  hear  a  lot  about  the  losses  with 
farm  manure  where  it  is  left  in  a  pile,  and 
yet  I  am  told  that  the  analyses  of  fresh 
manure  and  rotted  manure  are  about  tne 
same.  What  is  the  explanation? 

The  answer  is  that  you  have  about  a 
50%  loss  in  volume.  In  other  words,  it 
takes  about  two  tons  of  fresh  manure 
to  make  one  ton  of  rotted  manure. 

The  outlook  is  for  short  supplies  of 
fertilizers,  particularly  nitrogen,  which 
makes  it  unusually  important  to  use 
every  effort  to  avoid  losses.  Among  the 
possibilities  are:  drawing  manure  to  the 
field  every  day;  using  plenty  of  bed¬ 
ding;  making  rather  light  applications 
of  manure  in  order  to  cover  more 
ground;  and  adding  superphosphate  at 
the  rate  of  1  or  2  lbs.  per  cow  per  day. 
*  *  * 

BRUISES 

How  can  a  potato  digger  be  managed 
to  lessen  mechanical  injury  to  tubers? 

There  are  several  things  that  can  be 
done.  Where  the  soil  is  dry,  set  the 
digger  point  a  little  deeper  so  that 
more  soil  will  be  carried  over  the  dig¬ 
ger  and  thus  cushion  the  potatoes.  In 
some  cases,  reducing  the  speed  of  the 
digger  chain  helps.  Also,  removing 
the  eccentric  wheels  that  shake  the 
digger’s  mechanism  to  separate  soil 
from  tubers  may  do  some  good. 

In  other  cases,  the  chain  carrying 


the  rods  may  be  too  loose,  causing  a 
whipping  action  which  makes  the  tub¬ 
ers  bounce.  You  may  be  able  to  take 
out  a  few  chain  rods  to  take  up  the 
slack. 

Finally,  many  growers  pad  the  sharp 
edges  and  rods  on  the  digger  so  that 
there  will  be  less  bruising. 

*  *  * 

BRAVES 

Is  it  possible  to  do  an  effective  job  of 
bracing  apple  trees  that  have  weak 
crotches? 

The  old  way  of  wiring  branches  to¬ 
gether  is  wrong  because  the  wires  in¬ 
terfere  with  the  passage  of  plant  food, 
which  occurs  in  the  layer  just  under 
the  bark.  Weak  trees  can  be  braced  in 
one  of  two  ways.  The  first  is  to  use 
heavy  screw  eyes,  screwed  into  the 
limbs  and  connected  with  heavy  wire. 
Where  this  is  done,  it  is  often  neces¬ 
sary  to  put  in  additional  support  as  the 
tree  grows.  The  second  way  is  to  bore 
holes  through  the  branches  and  con¬ 
nect  them  with  wire  rods  with  a  good- 
sized  washer  on  the  outside  of  each 
limb.  Another  method  sometimes  used 
is  to  gro\y  natural  braces  by  grafting 
water  Spouts  into  an  adjoining  limb. 
Train  young  trees  so  as  to  avoid  weak 
crotches. 

*  *  * 

WOOD  1$  GOOD  FUEL 

Cornell  Extension  bulletin  495,  en¬ 
titled  “Fuel  Wood  From  Farm  Wood¬ 
lands”,  by  A.  B.  Recknagel.  and  J.  D. 
Pond,  makes  some  very  interesting 
statements  about  the  use  of  wood  for 
fuel.  All  other  fuel  may  be  hard  to 
get  this  winter,  so  the  following  sug¬ 
gestions  from  this  bulletin  are  valu¬ 
able  : 

1.  Burn  seasoned  wood. 

2.  Change  the  position  of  the  heater  if 
necessary  to  use  a  minimum  of  el¬ 
bows  and  crooks  in  the  stovepipe. 

3.  Be  sure  that  there  is  no  sag  in  the 
stovepipe. 

4.  If  the  stovepipe  must  pass  through 
a  room  subject  to  cold  drafts  before 
it  reaches  the  chimney,  wrap  the 
pipe  in  asbestos. 

According  to  this  bulletin,  a  standard 
cord  of  wood,  (4  feet  by  4  feet  by  8 
feet,  or  128  cubic  feet)  of  seasoned 
hardwood  of  the  better  kinds,  has  al¬ 
most  the  same  heating  value  as  a  ton 
of  soft  coal.  With  the  heating  value 
of  anthracite  coal  taken  as  100  per 
cent,  the  following  classes  show  com¬ 
parative  heating  values  for  the  various 
kinds  of  wood.  Green  wood  has  from 
5  to  10  per  cent  less  heating  value  than 
has  seasoned  wood: 

90  per  cent. — Black  birch,  Hickory, 
Ironwood,  Locust,  Swamp  white  oak, 
Shadbush  or  Juneberry,  Dogwood. 

80  to  89  per  cent  —  Beech,  Yellow 
Birch,  Hard  Maple,  Rock  Oak,  Oak, 
White  Ash. 

70  to  79  per  cent — White  Birch,  Black 
Ash,  Slippery  Elm,  Soft  Maple,  Syca¬ 
more  or  Buttonwood,  Tamarack. 

60  to  69  per  cent — Gray  Birch,  Chest¬ 
nut,  Cucumber,  White  or  American 
Elm,  Sassafras,  Hemlock,  Red  Pine. 

Below  60  per  cent — Fire  or  Pin  Cher¬ 
ry,  Butternut,  Basswood,  Aspen  or 
Popple,  White  Pine,  Spruce,  Balsam 
Fir. 

*  *  * 

TREATING  NAVEL 

What  is  the  material  that  is  used  for 
disinfecting  a  calf’s  navel? 

Tincture  of  iodine  should  be  used. 
The  navel  can  be  dipped  into  a  dish 
containing  iodine  immediately  after 
birth.  This  prevents  possible  infection 
which  might  cause  serious  digestive  dis¬ 
turbances. 


WITH  BIGGER  CROPS  to  be  raised — with  farm 
labor  scarce — with  new  machinery  hard  to 
get — now,  more  than  ever,  you  need  depend¬ 
able  Sinclair  products.  Just  phone  or 
write  your  local  Sinclair  agent.  His 
trucks  deliver  direct  to  farms. 


This  is  the 
marine  who 
must  eat  to 
fight — 


This  is  the  farmer 
who  must  raisejij| 
the  crops —  a 


This  is  the  Sinclair 
man  who  can  help  the 
farmer.  How?  By 
supplying  Sinclair 
fuels  and  lubricants 
to  keep  farm  machin¬ 
ery  running  without 
breakdowns. 


Motor  Oils  ...Tractor  Fuels ...  Distillate,  Kerosene,  Gasoline...  Cup  and 

■■■  .  - 

Axle  Grease... Cream  Separator  Oils... Harvester  Oil. ..Gear  &  Chassis 
lubricants... Pressure  System  Grease... P.D.  Insect  Spray. ..Stock  Spray 


CARE  FOR  YOUR  CAR  -  FOR  YOUR  COUNTRY 


FARMERS  I 

GET  THE  LATEST 

NEWS 

ON  THE  FARM  FRONT 

BY  UNITED  PRESS 

1  P.  M.  DAILY 

Tune  WBT  A  First 

DIAL  1490 


For 

Victory 


Buy 
United 
States 
War  Bonds 
and  Stamps 


Harvey  Berry,  R.  I,  Watkins  Glen,  N.  Y. 


Don’t  Be  Late 


ordering  your  “No  Trespassing”  signs 
this  year.  Don’t  wait  until  the  day 
before  hunting  season  opens.  Get  your 
signs  up  early. 


Post  Your  Farm 

with  signs  that  are  easy  to  read,  and 
withstand  wind  and  weather.  WE  HAVE 
THEM  (12"xl2"). 

Price  WITHOUT  Name  and  Address 
$1.00  per  doz. ;  $3.50  per  50;  $6,50  per  100 
Price  WITH  NAME  and  Address 
$3.00  per  doz.;  $5.50  per  50;  $8.50  per  100 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 

10  N.  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


(552)  14 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


J^antkecAi  .Ma/dzeti  jpsi  N<Mik&aAt  Pnja<luc&nA> 


"American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page 


,99 


HOLSTEIN 


TRY  “WAIT  FARMS”  FIRST 

for  your  next  Herd  Sire.  We  specialize  on  Type  and 
Production.  2  Gold  Medal  Herd  Sires,  2  Silver  Medal. 
Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  THAEUB^T  5ARYMS' 

ORCHARD  HILL  STOCK  FARM 

offers  for  sale  Carnation  bred  bulls  of  excellent  type 
from  high  producing  dams  and  sired  by 
Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

M.  R.  Klock  &  Son,  Fort  Plain,  N.  Y. 
For  Sale:  REGISTERED  HOLSTEINS 

Will  sell  30  head.  Your  choice  of  115.  Herd  average 
3.75%  fat  last  eighteen  months.  Many  splendid  fami¬ 
lies  that  combine  show  quality  with  high  production. 
Some  high  quality  young  bulls,  excellent  show  prospects. 
PAUL  SMITH,  NEWARK  VALLEY,  NEW  YORK. 

ALL  AGES,  BY  EXTRA 
WELL  BRED  SIRES,  FROM 
COWS  WITH  GOOD  C.T.A. 
RECORDS. 


BULLS 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 


HIGH  GRADE  DAIRY  COWS 

AND  FIRST  CALF  HEIFERS, 
HOLSTEINS  AND  GUERNSEYS. 
BLOODTESTED. 

Frank  W.  Arnold,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 

For  Sale:  100  head  of  high  grade 
Holstein  first  calf  bred  heifers, 

That  will  begin  to  freshen  October  10th.  These  are  a 
very  nicely  marked  lot  and  exceptionally  well  grown. 
65  of  them  were  calf  vaccinated  and  all  T.  B.  and 
blood  tested. 

E.  A.  Noble,  Seneca  Castle,  N.  Y. 

Telephone:  Stanley  501  Y  23 


Tarbell 

Guernsey 

Farms 

Smithville 
Flats,  N.Y. 


GUERNSEY 

365  HEAD  FEDERAL 
ACCREDITED  NEGATIVE 

FOR  SALE:  Young  bulls  and  a  few 
heifer  calves  closely  related  to  Tarbell 
Farms  Peerless  Margo,  18501  lbs.  Milk, 
1013  lbs.  Fat,  World’s  Champion  Jr. 
3  year  old,  also  to  Tarbell  rarms  Royal 
Lenda  20508  lbs.  Milk,  1109  lbs.  Fat, 
World’s  Champion  Jr.  4  year  old. 
Visitors  Welcome.  Full  information 
furnished  on  request. 


For  Sale:  Registered  Guernsey  Bulls. 

READY  FOR  SERVICE,  FROM  600  LB.  DAMS. 
FEW  HEIFERS  UNDER  ONE  YEAR. 

Price  reasonable  (a  good  time  to  buy). 

Lake  Delaware  Farms,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 


JERSEYS 


FOB  SALE — A  Production  Bred 

REGISTERED  JERSEY  BULL 

Born  June  I,  1941.  Sired  by  a  3  star  bull  and  from 
an  outstanding  cow,  a  daughter  of  a  proven  sire,  which 
has  produced  100,515  lbs.  milk  and  4699  lbs.  fat  in 
10  lactation  periods.  Long  life  and  high  production 
mean  extra  profit.  Full  information  on  request. 
HERD  ACCREDITED  AND  NEGATIVE. 

CARL  W.  MILLER, 

Arcade,  New  York 

AYRSHIRE _ 

Registered  Ayrshire  Bull  Calves 

several  are  out  of  400  lb.  dams  and  are  sired  by 
outstanding  herd  sires. 

Write  for  sale  list,  priced  to  sell. 

Gould  Dale  Farm,  South  Kortright,  N.Y. 

DAIRY  CATTLE 
COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEINS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 


SWINE 


Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 

FOR  SALE 

Registered  Chester  White  Pigs, 
$12.00  each. 

ALTON  PIERSON,  Perry,  N.  Y. 


Quality  Poland  China  Breeding  Stock. 

Hardy  Herd — See  it.  Now  offering,  Rugged  250  pound 
fall  gilts,  BRED  to  world's  Premier  boar  “Glamour 
Boy.’’  Reserve  Junior  Champion,  Iowa  State  Fair,  1941, 
for  late  summer  and  early  fall  litters. 
GREENFIELD  FARMS,  TIFFIN,  OHIO. 

HAMPSHIRES 

Sows,  boars  and  pigs,  pedigreed  and  registered  offered 
for  sale:  also  feeder  pigs.  Century  Hi  Roller  breeding. 

Ashridge,  South  Kortright,  N.  Y. 


SHEEP 


PLEASANT  RIDGE  STOCK  FARM 

are  offering  the  best  lot  of  one  and  two  year  rams. 
Shropshires,  Southdowns,  Dorsets,  Rambouillets,  Chevi¬ 
ots,  Suffolk  and  Hampshires.  Thanks  for  past  patronage. 

G.  D.  &  B.  S.  Townsend,  mtariSin^N.  y. 


Pure  Bred  Rams  of  Service  Age: 

4  HAMPSHIRES,  2  SOUTHDOWNS, 

1  OXFORD,  4  DORSETS. 

A.  W.  HILLIS,  Charlotteville,  N.  Y. 


SHROPSHIRES 

Offering  high  quality  registered  yearling  rams  and  ewes 
sired  by  Iroquois  Augustus,  First  and  Champion  Aged 
Ram  1936  International. 

L.  F.  CUTHBERT,  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE  AT  FARMERS’  PRICES 
Hampshire  and  Leicester  Rams  and 
ram  lambs. 

Address 

W.  S.  ROBINSON,  Richfield  N.  Y. 

Arthur  A.  Gagne,  211  Water  St.,  Waterville,  Me. 

KARAKULS  —  ONE  YOUNG  EWE, 

BEAUTIFUL  YOUNG  BUCK,  REGISTERED. 
Reasonable  if  taken  soon. 

MRS.  JAMES  WINNE,  altarmonn°t-.  V  y. 


GOATS 


NUBIANS:  Pedigreed,  registered  bucks  and 
kids;  best  blood-lines;  immediate 
delivery  at  bargain  prices. 

Ashridge,  South  Kortright,  N.  Y. 


DOGS 


POULTRYMEN  ATTENTION  ! 
German  Shepherd  Puppies 

WILL  MAKE  EFFICIENT  WATCH  DOGS. 

Dark  and  light  wolf  grey.  Cosalta  Breeding.  Born  Aug. 
29.  Not  Registered.  Price  $25.00.  Will  be  sold  with 
temporary  distemper  innoculation. 

I.  W.  INGALLS,  R.  D.  No.  3, 
Trumansburg,  —  N.  Y. 


A.K.C.  COCKER  SPANIELS 

ST.  BERNARD-SHEPHERD  AND  SHEPHERD- 
BEAGLE  CROSS  BRED  PUPPIES. 

PERSIAN  KITTENS. 

Mrs.  Edna  Gladstone,  Andes,  N.  Y. 


IVESTOCH 


^  toeniAs 


£a£e&. 


Cattle  Sales 


Oct. 

10 

New  Jersey  State  Guernsey  Sale,  Trenton. 

Oct. 

10 

Third  Annual  Holstein  Consignment  Sale, 
Eastern  Ni  Y.  Holstein  Club,  Rhinebeck, 
N.  Y. 

Oct. 

12 

Ralph  Y.  De  Wolfe  Holstein  Dispersal, 
Oneida,  N.  Y. 

Oct. 

14 

Second  Oneida  County  Holstein  Sale,  Clin¬ 
ton,  N.  Y. 

Oct. 

15 

Harry  Valentine  &  Sons  Ayrshire  Dispersal, 
Rocky  Ridge,  Md. 

Oct. 

17 

Schneider  &  Gower  Jersey  Sale,  Spring- 
field,  Ohio. 

Oct. 

17 

2nd  Pennsylvania  Holstein  Consignment 
Sale,  Harold  R.  Ziegler  Farm,  Breinigs- 
ville.  Pa. 

Oct. 

20 

Wm.  Moorman  and  C.  E.  Rabe  Jersey 
Sale.  Ft.  Recovery,  Ohio. 

Oct. 

20 

H.  R.  Metzler’s  Holstein  Dispersal  Sale, 
Paradise,  Pa. 

Oct. 

21 

27th  Annual  Allegany-Steuben  Holstein 
Club  Sale,  Hornell,  N.  Y. 

Oct. 

22 

Annual  Fall  Holstein  Sale,  New  England 
Holstein  Association,  Northampton,  Mass. 

Oct. 

24 

Faughan  River  Farm  Jersey  Sale,  Marlton, 
N.  J. 

Oct. 

26-27 

Louis  Merryman's  37th  Semi-annual  Guern. 
sey  Sale,  Maryland  State  Fair  Grounds, 
Timonium,  Md. 

Oct. 

28 

Allegany-Steuben  Ayrshire  Club  Auction 
Sale,  Hornell,  N.  Y. 

Oct. 

31 

Horst- Williams  Ayrshire  Sale,  Jacob  Horst 
Farm,  Route  3-  Lititz,  Pa. 

Nov. 

6-  7 

Scantic  Meadows  Ayrshire  Dispersal,  East 
Windsor  Hill,  Conn. 

Nov 

9 

The  Blue  Ribbon  Holstein  Sale,  Waukesha, 
Wis. 

Coming  Events 

Oct. 

21-26 

Maryland  Turkey  Improvement  School,  Uni¬ 
versity  of  Maryland,  College  Park,  Md. 

Oct. 

26 

12-Week  Farm  Short  Course,  Rutgers  Uni¬ 
versity,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

Oct. 

30-31 

Annual  Meeting  of  International  Ass’n.  of 
Milk  Sanitarians,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Nov. 

11-19 

National  Grange,  Spokane,  Washington. 

Dec. 

7-9 

Annual  Convention  of  National  Vegetable 
Growers’  Ass’n.  of  America,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Dec. 

8-11 

New  York  State  Grange.  Syracuse. 

Jan. 

6-10 

New  York  Poultry  Show. 

Jan. 

12-14 

Pennsylvania  Farm  Show,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

Jan. 

13-17 

Boston  Poultry  Show. 

HONEY 


HONEY 


60  LBS.  BEST  CLOVER,  $8.40; 
Buckwheat,  $7.20.  Not  prepaid. 
SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED 

F.  W.  LESSER,  FAYETTEVILLE,  N.  Y. 


POULTRY 


W  alter  Rich’s 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 


Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAMPSHIRES, 
BARRED  ROCKS,  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
Mapes  stock  is  famous  for  fast  growth  and  high 
production.  All  breeders  bloodtested.  Send  for 
Folder  and  Prices. 

Box  A. 

Middletown,  N.  Y. 


WILLIAM  S.  MAPES, 


CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 


Advertisers  on  This  Page  Reach  More  Than  190,000  Subscribers 

Write  your  advertisement  below  andmail  to  American  Agriculturist,  Advertising  Dept.,  Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


Name 


Address 


POULTRY 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS,  R.  I.  REDS,  NEW 
HAMPSHIRES,  BARRED  CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed, 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS,  REDS,  ROCK-RED  CROSS. 

WHITE  ROCKS  — “They  Satisfy.” 

Pullorum  free,  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  details. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER.  Box  C,  GALLUPVILLE,  N.  Y. 


The  McGREGOR  FARM 


S.  C.  White  Leghorns— 50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 
THE  McGREGOR  FARM,  Box  A,  MAINE,  N.  Y. 


EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

YOUNG  BREEDING  COCKERELS. 
CERTIFIED  WONG  WINTER  BARLEY. 
CERTIFIED  NU  RED  WHEAT. 

James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  '  k.  y. 


BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  U.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
List  describing  our  Leghorns,  Reds,  and 
crossbreds. 

Eli  H.  Bodine,  Box  28,  Chemung,  N.  Y. 


RICH  POULTRY  FARMS 

Leghorns  Progeny  Tested  Reds 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND— 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS.  12,000  BIRDS— 
Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de- 
scribes  our  method  of  growing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 


FARM  FOR  SALE— 150  ACRES 

Schenectady  County.  12  miles  from  Schenectady;:  22 
miles  from  Albany;  U.  S.  Route  20;  150  acres — dwelling 
and  farm  buildings;  concrete  stable  20  cows.  Running 
spring  water.  Price  $3600.00.  Address 
ROOM  314,  COURT  HOUSE,  SCHENECTADY,  N.  Y. 


Equipped  180  Acres,  Good  Bldgs. 

About  60  acres  for  potatoes,  corn,  etc.,  pasture  watered 
by  trout  stream,  wood;  village  handy,  easy  drive  to 
industrial  city;  attractive  9  rms.,  furnace,  spring  water 
piped  in,  basement  barn  40  x  50.  silo,  poultry  house; 
aged  owner’s  price  $3500,  including  team,  6  cows,  3 
young  stock,  bull,  machinery,  crops:  terms;  see  picture 
pg  28  Big  Catalog — Write  for  Free  Copy. 

STROUT  REALTY 

255-R  4th  Ave.,  New  York  City. 


90-ACRE  SENECA  COUNTY 
CROP  AND  FRUIT  FARM 

%  mile  Rt.  414.  Grand  view  Seneca  Lake.  60-acres  level 
high  yielding  crop  land.  16-acres  grapes.  Concords, 
Niagara,  &  Delawares.  8-Room  colonial  hounse,  4  fire¬ 
places,  maple  shaded  lawn.  90’  bam,  storage  sheds, 
horse  barn,  &.  work  shop.  $4500.  Information  on  long 
term  financing  &  free  illustrated  description  on  request. 

FEDERAL  LAND  BANK, 
Springfield,  —  --  Mass. 


Farm  for  Sale:  500  Acres. 

IN  HEART  OF  GENESEE  COUNTRY,  25  MILES  TO 
ROCHESTER.  EXCEPTIONAL  BUILDINGS. 
Monthly  milk  check  $1700  to  $2000.  Death  in  family 
necessitates  sale.  Inspection  invited. 

For  more  information  write  or  phone: 

LEO  M.  ALLEN,  Broker, 
Geneseo,  New  York 

MUST  SELL  TO  SETTLE  AN  ESTATE, 

A  LARGE  AND  VERY  PRODUCTIVE  SCHOHARIE 
RIVERSIDE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY  FARM. 

WALLACE  H.  SIDNEY,  central,  N.Y. 


HELP  WANTED 


DAIRY  HERD  IMPROVEMENT  AS¬ 
SOCIATION  SUPERVISORS 

Women  and  men,  eighteen  years  of  age  or  oyer  with 
farm  experience  preferred.  Training  school  NovemDC 
9  to  21.  Animal  Husbandry  Building,  Ithaca,  N.  t. 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

Dhls  classified  page  is  for  the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications; 
LIVESTOCK— iCattle,  Swine,  Sheep,  Horses,  Dogs,  liabbits,  Goats,  Mink,  Ferrets;  FARM  PRODUCE — Field 
Seeds.  Hay  and  Straw,  Maple  Syrup.  Honey,  Pop  Com,  Miscellaneous;  POULTRY — Breeding  Stock.  Hatching  Eggs; 
EMPLOYMENT— Help  Wanted.  Situation  Wanted:  FARM  REAL  ESTATE— Farms  for  Sale.  Farms  Wanted- 
USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT— For  Sale.  Wanted. 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers'  classified  advertising  rates, 
advertising  space  units  are  offered  as  follows:  space  one  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $6.00  pc.  1 
space  one-half  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.00  per  issue.  Copy  must  be  received  at  American  Agnculturiw. 
Advertising  Dept.,  Box  514,  Ithaca.  N.  Y.,  11  days  before  publication  date.  No  Babv  Chick  advertising 
cepted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows:  Jan.  3,  17,  31;  Feb.  14.  23;  Mar.  14,  28;  April  O.  ■ 
May  9.  23;  June  6,  20;  July  4.  i8;  Aug.  I,  15,  29;  Sept.  12.  26;  Oct  10,  24;  Nov.  7,  21:  Dec.  a. 


A!  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


15  (553) 


Ralph  Y.  De  Wolfe  Dispersal  Sale 

75  Registered  HOLSTEINS 

7  GRADES 

Monday,  Oct,  12,  at  9:00  A.  M. 

IN  A  LARGE  TENT. 

A  complete  line  of  the  finest,  most  up-to-date 
farm  machinery,  tractors,  trucks  and  dairy 
equipment  will  be  sold  in  the  forenoon. 
The  Holstein  herd  was  founded 
30  years  ago. 

TJ3.  Accredited,  negative  to  blood  test 
with  20  young  cattle  vaccinated. 
Sale  will  be  held  on  the  farm  4  miles 
south  of  ONEIDA,  NEW  YORK,  on 
Route  46. 

Mr.  DeWolfe  has  one  of  the  highest  producing 
herds  in  the  State.  He  is  a  Master  Farmer. 

3  HORSES  ALSO  SELL. 

This  is  the  largest  sale  ever  held  in 
Madison  County  of  top  quality  cattle, 
horses,  and  equipment. 

COME  EARLY.  LUNCH  SERVED. 
TERMS  CASH.  NOTHING  RESERVED. 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS 

Sales  Manager  &  Auctioneer. 
MEXICO,  NEW  YORK 


★  It's  Patriotic  to  Breed  Shorthorns 

Shorthorn  cattle  breeders  and  feeders  are  in  step 
with  war  time  demand.  No  breed  can  match  the 
Shorthorn’s  amazing  weight-for-age  advantage  or 
efficiency  of  meat  and  milk  production.  *  *  *  *  * 


Learn  more  aboutthe  oldest,  most  numerous,  most 
profitable  breed  on  earth. 

Write  for  literature  today  ex¬ 
plaining  how  Shorthorn  char¬ 
acteristics  are  bringing  in¬ 
creased  profits  to  farms  and 
ranches.  Write  for  list  of 
members,  thousands  all  over 
America,  who  have  breeding 
dock  for  sale. 

Subscribe  to  the  official 
breed  publication,  The  Short¬ 
horn  World,  published  twice 
monthly.  Subscription  rates 
$1.00  per  yr. — $2.00  for  3  yrs. 

Write  t« THE  SHORTHORN  CLUB 

301  UnionStock  Yards,  Chicagf 


2nd  ANNUAL 

Oneida  County  Holstein  Club  Sale 

WEDNESDAY,  OCTOBER  14th 

3  MILES  FROM  CLINTON,  N.  Y.,  ON  ROUTE  12 
AT  THE  SPRING  FARM. 

60  HEAD  OF  REGISTERED  HOLSTEINS, 
selected  by  Dr.  E.  S.  Harrison  of  Cornell  University. 
Healthy  on  all  tests.  Sale  starts  at  12:00  Noon  in  a  tent. 
Send  for  catalog  to 

HUGH  M.  HUGHES,  Secretary,  New  Hartford,  N.  Y.,or 
R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS,  Sales  Manager,  Mexico,  N.  Y. 


SWINE 


PIGS  FOR  SALE  ! 

We  are  prepared  to  fill  orders  for  pigs,  CHESTER  AND 
YORKSHIRE  CROSSED,  or  BERKSHIRE  &  CHES¬ 
TER  CROSSED  —  5  weeks  old  $6.75;  6  to  7  weeks 
old,  $7;  8  to  9  weeks  old,  $7.50.  Limited  number  of  10 
weeks  extra  sized  pigs  at  $8  ea.  CHESTER  WHITES, 
7  to  8  wks.  old,  $7.50.  Will  ship  2  or  more  C.O.D. 

A  M  LUX  FARM  206  Washington  st.. 

rt.  in.  LUA  r/ilYlYl,  WOBURN.  MASS. 


Walter  Lux,  Tel.  0086,  Woburn,  Mass. 

CHESTER  &  YORKSHIRE  CROSS.  BERKSHIRE  & 
CHESTER  CROSS  PIGS. 

6  to  7  weeks  old,  $6.50  each;  8  to  10  weeks  old.  $7.00 
each;  10  to  12  weeks  old.  $8.00  each.  All  largo  type 
stock.  Ship  2  or  more  C.O.D.  Check  or  money  order. 
If  they  please  you  keep  them,  if  not  return  them. 


RUGGED  PIGS! 

Chester  Whites;  Chester-Berkshire:  Yorkshire,  Chester. 
Duroc  crosses.  5-6  weeks  $6.00.  7-8  weeks  $7.00.  10  weeks 
$8.50.  12  weeks  started  shoates  $10.  Vaccination  65c  extra 
if  desired.  State  second  choice.  Boars — Barrows — Sows. 
No  charge  crating.  Ship  C.O.D.  CARL  ANDERSON, 
VIRGINIA  ROAD,  CONCORD,  MASSACHUSETTS. 


If  Ruptured 
T ry  This  Out 

Modern  Protection  Provides  Great 
Comfort  and  Holding-  Security. 

Without  Torturous  Truss  Wearing 


sensible  and  comfortable  reducible 
rupture  protection  may  be  yours  for 
tbe  asking,  without  cost  or  obliga¬ 
tion.  Simply  send  name  and  address 
to  William  S.  Rice,  Inc.,  Dept.  71-D, 
Adams,  N.  Y.,  and  full  details  of 
the  new  and  different  Rice  Method 
will  be  sent  you  Free.  Without  hard 
flesh-gouging  pads  or  tormenting 
pressure,  here’s  a  Support  that  has 
brought  joy  and  comfort  to  thou¬ 
sands  —  by  releasing  them  from 
Trusses  with  springs  and  straps  that 
bind  and  cut.  Designed  to  securely 
bold  a  rupture  up  and  in  where  it 
belongs  and  yet  give  freedom  of  body 
2-nd  genuine  comfort.  For  full  in¬ 
formation — write  today ! 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


LIVESTOCK  producers  and  feeders 
must  make  long-term  decisions. 
Perhaps  the  following  will  help,  al¬ 
though  to  predict  food  prices,  particu¬ 
larly  livestock  prices,  in  advance  is  al¬ 
ways  getting  yourself  out  on  a  limb. 
This  is  particularly  true  this  year. 

CATTLE 

Regardless  of  what  Washington  may 
do,  slaughter  cattle  are  considered  to 
be  in  a  position  to  maintain  steady  to 
maybe  a  little  higher  prices  for  the 
balance  of  this  year.  It  will  be  prac¬ 
tically  impossible  to  put  a  ceiling  on 
live  cattle.  It  would  solve  none  of 
the  present  complications  and  difficul¬ 
ties,  and  with  so  many  grades  and 
kinds  it  could  not  be  enforced  anyway. 
It  would  seem  that  Washington  must 
have  learned  by  now  that  control  of 
farmers  and  livestock  men  is  not  going 
to  win  the  war.  The  real  problem  they 
face  is  to  fill  the  barns  and  feed  lots, 
and  get  livestock  operations  going  to 
capacity.  Otherwise,  the  prospective 
shortage  of  beef  next  year  is  going  to 
be  really  serious.  If  cattle  are  mar¬ 
keted  for  the  balance  of  this  year  the 
way  they  were  in  August,  we  will  be 
back  to  the  1938-1939  low  on  cattle 
numbers  in  this  country. 

Why  try  to  control  the  "world”  on 
the  basis  of  an  "inflation”  that  does 
not  exist  in  farm  prices  or  is  not  in 
sight?  The  increased  purchasing  pow¬ 
er  of  labor  could  be  controlled  or  hand¬ 
led  in  many  easy  ways. 

Cattle  are  good  property.  Do  npt 
back  away  from  them. 

HOGS 

Hogs  are  really  in  a  strong  position 
in  spite  of  all  the  talk  of  a  very  severe 
break  this  fall  and  winter.  There  like¬ 


ly  will  be  some  “planned”  downward 
move  in  case  a  ceiling  is  placed  on  live 
hogs.  My  guess  is  that  before  this  is 
done  there  will  be  some  attempt  to 
iron  out  at  least  a  few  of  the  many 
inequalities  now  going  on  with  whole¬ 
sale  and  retail  price  ceilings.  Price 
premiums  from  now  on,  will  go  to  the 
heavier,  better  finished  hogs.  These 
have  an  advantage  when  making  can¬ 
ned  pork  products,  salt  pork,  etc. 
Lighter  and  spring  crop  hogs  depend 
more  on  their  outlet  as  fresh  pork  cuts. 
As  lend-lease  purchases  increase,  and. 
they  say  they  will,  the  heavier,  fatter 
hog  will  increase  in  demand. 

SHEEP  AND  LAMBS 

Their  prices  are  now  well  discounted 
from  a  supply  and  demand  standpoint. 
With  about  a  21%  increase  in  lamb 
kill  in  the  past  30  days  over  the  kill  of 
a  year  ago,  it  looks  as  if  high  prices 
could  be  expected  through  the  fall  and 
winter  months.  There  is  no  increase 
in  lamb  numbers  this  year.  Wool  is 
being  held  way  below  its  true  value 
and  the  question  arises  as  to  how  long 
this  can  continue.  I  believe  the  un¬ 
certainty  in  regard  to  price  control 
legislation  will  not  particularly  disturb 
the  live  price  we  have  been  receiving 
for  the  past  month  or  so  because  that 
price  is  comparatively  low  anyway. 

HORSES 

As  the  war  and  rationing  continue, 
horses  will  continue  to  work  higher, 
probably  not  so  much  for  farm  pur¬ 
poses  (although  this  will  be  consid¬ 
erable)  but  mainly  for  city  delivery  and 
transportation  work.  Good  horses  for 
this  sort  of  work  are  getting  hard  to 
buy  right  now.  Scarcity  of  new  ma¬ 
chinery  and  machine  parts  on  farms 
will  be  well  offset  by  the  labor  short¬ 
age.  Horses  will  be  good  saleable 
property,  with  really  good  horses 
scarce  and  high.  Useless  old  horses 
are  bringing  around  $20  to  $25  now 
for  mink  and  fox  farms.  Other  meats 
are  too  high  for  this  purpose. 

An  optimistic  livestock  price  outlook! 
Demand  will  keep  it  So. 


A  MAINE  PRODUCER 


This  six-year-old  Holstein  in  the 
herd  of  Herbert  Waterman  of  New 
Gloucester,  Maine,  has  a  record  worth 
talking  about.  Her  name  is  Sally;  she 
weighs  1400  pounds;  but,  to  say  the 
least,  her  type  falls  short  of  the  ideal 
of  a  good  judge  of  Holstein  cows. 
However,  this  spring  in  April  she  made 
a  record  of  102  pounds  of  butterfat  and 
that’s  what  counts.  In  one  day  she 
produced  111.1  pounds  of  milk  testing 
3.6  pounds  of  butterfat.  This  record 
was  not  a  flash  in  the  pan.  In  March 
she  made  121  pounds  of  butterfat  from 
3,450  pounds  of  milk;  and  in  February 
she  produced  87  pounds  of  butterfat. 

When  we  look  at  her  record,  it  is 
interesting  to  find  that  her  dam  was 
not  considered  valuable  enough  to  have 
her  registered.  Perhaps  her  dam  was 
not  appreciated,  or  it  may  be  that  she 
"toGfc  after”  her  sire,  Kyesland  Seavey 
Beets  Ormsby,  owned  by  L.  A.  Kyes  of 


North  Jay.  Anyway,  her  owner  gives 
much  of  the  credit  for  her  record  to 
the  care  and  feeding  given  her  by 
herdsman  Lawrence  Brown. 

At  the  Waterman  farm  you  will  find 
a  herd  of  19  Holsteins,  some  of  which 
the  owner  confidently  hopes  will  ex¬ 
ceed  Sally’s  record.  Not  so  many 
years  ago  Mr.  Waterman  bought  eight 
cows  and  heifers  from  stock  which 
originally  came  from  Carnation  Farms. 
In  addition  to  having  an  excellent 
dairy,  Mr.  Waterman  grows  a  lot  of 
sweet  corn,  with  quite  a  bit  of  it  go¬ 
ing  for  seed. — V.  W.  Canham. 

— a.  a. — 

When  cows  are  lousy  during  the  win¬ 
ter,  the  application  of  a  louse  powder 
is  more  effective  if  you  first  clip  the 
hair  along  the  back,  around  the  head, 
neck  and  ears,  and  inside  the  flanks 
and  thighs. 


The  Department  of  Agriculture  has 
urged  greatly  increased  milk  pro¬ 
duction  to  meet  the  needs  of  the 
United  Nations  for  dry  milk,  butter, 
cheese.  Concrete  improvements— 
such  as  a  new  milk  house,  cooling 
tank,  dairyham  floor,  granary, manure 
pit  or  storage  cellar — will  help  many 
farmers  do  a  bigger  production  job. 

Concrete  improvements  are  fire- 
safe,  sanitary,  cost  little  to  build, 
last  for  generations.  Concrete  farm 
jobsrequireaminimumoj  critical  war 
materials.  You  can  do  the  workyour- 
self,  or  ask  your  cement  dealer  for 
names  of  concrete  contractors. 


-——-Paste  on  penny  postal  and  mail-——i 

PORTLAND  CEMENT  ASSOCIATION  j 

DepL  K1  Ob-1, 347  Madison  Ave.,  New  York,  N.  Y.  j 

Please  send  booklets  checked  below: 

□  “Dairy  Farm  Improvements  of  Concrete n  I 
with  pictures,  drawings  and  “how  to  do  j 
it”  information. 

n . — 

Name  other  concrete  improvements  on  I 
which  you  want  booklets. 

Name _  I 

I 

R.R.No .  I 


P.  O. 


.State. 


.  I 

.J 


BUY  DEFENSE  STAMPS  AND  BONDS 
SUPPORT  THE  RED  CROSS 


Harry  H.  Maddern,  Turners  Falls,  Mass. 


Preferred  the  world 
over  for  its  greater 
speed, easeof  han¬ 
dling,  rugged, 
lasting  dura¬ 
bility. 


Stewar]- 


CLIPMASTER 


New  anti-friction  tension  control  assures  perfect 
tension  between  blades  for  cooler,  lighter  running — 
faster,  easier  clipping.  Makes  blades  stay  sharp  longer. 
Exclusive  Stewart  design  ball-bearing  motor  is  air 
cooled  and  entirely  encased  in  the  insulated  EASY- 
GRIP  handle  that  is  barely  two  inches  in  diameter. 
Completely  insulated — no  ground  wire  required.  The 
fastestclipping.  smoothest  running,  easiest-to-use  clipper 
for  cows,  horses,  dogs,  mules,  etc.  A  $25  value  for  $21.95 
complete.  100-120  volts.  Special  voltages  slightly  higher. 
At  your  dealer's.  Send  for  FREE  catalog  of  Stewart  elec¬ 
tric  and  hand-power  Clipping  and  Shearing  machines. 
Made  and  guaranteed  by  Chicago  Flexible  Shaft  Com¬ 
pany  Dept.  2,  5600  Roosevelt  Road.  Chicago,  Illi¬ 

nois.  Over  Half  a  Century  Making  Quality  Products. 


A  thorough  treatment  for 
stubborn  conditions-Cow  Pox, 
Hoof  Rot,  Hoof  Lameness, 
Thrush,  Bruises,  Calk  Wounds. 
♦Antiseptic*  Per  bottle  $1.00. 

At  dealers  or  by  mail  postpaid. 

H.  W.  Naylor  Co.,  Morris,  N.Y. 


(554)  16 


Aj  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


FEEDING  FALL  PIGS 

By  fjalva  P.  Wilbnasi 


i0k. 


AMERICAN 
AGRICULTURI 


WAR  MAP;  By  far  the  best  world- 
■■■■iMHHUMMBaE  war  map  which  we 
hive  seen  is  the  Esso  War  Map  published 
by  the  COLONIAL  BEACON  OIL  COM¬ 
PANY  and  distributed  through  the  Esso 
dealer  stations.  With  this  map  posted 
on  your  living-room  wall  next  to  the 
radio,  or  beside  your  favorite  newspaper 
reading  place,  you  can  locate  at  a  mo¬ 
ment’s  notice  the  exact  spot  where  each 
of  the  thirty  or  more  war  fronts  blaze 
into  action  from  time  to  time.  This  fine 
map  is  yours  for  the  asking  at  any  Esso 
dealer  station. 

Incidentally,  did  you  ever  think  of  the 
line  service  that  all  the  great  oil  com¬ 
panies  have  rendered  to  the  public  by 
making  such  excellent  road  maps  avail¬ 
able  at  all  of  their  stations  free  of 
charge? 

SAVE  HEAT;  ^  new  f°lder  explains 

^ mm  why  the  best  insula¬ 
tion  costs  no  more.  The  advantages  and 
economies  of  Red  Top  Insulating  Wool 
are  illustrated,,  and  proper  method  of  ap¬ 
plication  is  shown.  Copies  may  be  ob¬ 
tained  free  by  writing  the  UNITED 
STATES  GYPS'UM  COMPANY,  300  West 
Adams  Street,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

'BELTS’  THE  GOODYEAR  TIRE  & 
mmmmJmmmJ,  RUBBER  COMPANY  has 
developed  a  new  transmission  belt  which 
cuts  the  use  of  rubber  about  90%.  It  is 
known  as  the  Klingtite  Cord  Hammermill 
Belt.  It  is  an  endless  belt  with  no 
splice,  practically  the  same  weight  as  the 
type  it  replaces,  and  suitable  for  high 
speed.  It  is  being  produced  in  6-inch  and 
7-inch  widths,  and  in  50-foot,  60-foot  and 
75-foot  lengths. 

NEW  SPRAY:  ”Fermate”  is  the 

name  of  a  new 
fungicide  and  beetle  repellant  developed 
by  the  chemists  of  the  DU  PONT  COM¬ 
PANY  at  Wilmington,  Delaware.  Fer- 
mate  contains  no  copper  or  mercury,  ma¬ 
terials  difficult  to  get  under  war  condi¬ 
tions.  Tests  have  shown  that  it  is  effec¬ 
tive  on  a  number  of  fruit  diseases,  for 
leaf  diseases  on  tomatoes  and  roses,  and 
for  blue  mold  in  tobacco  seed  beds.  It 
also  serves  as  a  repellant  for  Mexican 
bean  beetles  and  Japanese  beetles. 

There  is  no  question  but  that 

more  firewood  will  be  cut  this 
year.  The  cross-cut  saw  was  a  wonder¬ 
ful  invention,  but  it  is  pretty  much  out 
of  date.  For  a  free  booklet  on  the  Otta¬ 
wa  tractor  drag-saw,  drop  a  post  card 
to  the  OTTAWA  MANUFACTURING 
COMPANY,  831  Forest  Ave.,  Ottawa, 
Kansas. 

ICY  ROADS:  With  tires  setting 

smoother,  the  haz¬ 
ard  of  icy  roads  increases.  One  way  to 
lessen  this  danger  is  to  use  calcium 
chloride  on  the  highways.  THE  CAL¬ 
CIUM  CHLORIDE  ASSOCIATION,  Pen¬ 
obscot  Building,  Detroit,  Michigan,  has 
some  excellent  information  on  this  prob¬ 
lem.  If  you  are  interested,  write  and 
ask  for:  Bulletin  No.  27,  Skidproofing  Icy 


MEAT:  There  has  been  a  lot  of  progress 
in  curing  meat.  In  years  past,  many 
homemakers  who  cured  hams  have  suf¬ 
fered  loss  from  spoiling  around  the  bone. 
The  MORTON  SALT  COMPANY  recom¬ 
mend  the  use  of  a  meat  pump  to  force 
curing  solution  around  the  bone. 


HER  FACTORY  JOB  IS  ON  THE  FARM! 
A  lot  of  people  have  asked  pretty  Evelyn 
Ranck,  Paradise,  Pennsylvania,  why  she 
doesn’t  get  a  high-paying  factory  job  in 
the  city.  Evelyn  says  there  is  plenty  of 
work  for  her  to  do  right  at  home.  And 
then,  too,  she’d  just  as  soon  keep  on  get¬ 
ting  lots  of  sunshine  and  fresh  air  at  her 
job,  along  with  all  the  fruit  and  vege¬ 
tables  she  wants.  She  is  shown  here  just 
after  she  had  finished  milking  the  fami¬ 
ly’s  21  cows  with  a  Surge  milker.  She  is 
ready  now  for  that  important  job  of 
scrubbing  the  milker  pails.  No  risking 
the  milk  check  to  high  bacteria  counts 
here! 


Roads  and  Streets;  Reprint  No.  158,  Mod¬ 
ernizing  an  Ice  Control  System ;  Reprint 
No.  157,  Preparation  —  Key  to  Speed  in 
Ice  Control ;  Reprint  No.  130,  Skidproofing 
Ice. 

PAINT:  °ver  in  England  white 
marks  are  painted  at  curb¬ 
ings  and  street  intersections  and  on 
street  obstructions  to  provide  better  visi¬ 
bility  during  blackouts.  A  very  complete 
illustrated  description  of  English  experi¬ 
ences  is  given  in  a  recent  issue  of  “Paint 
Progress”,  a  trade  publication  issued  by 
the  NEW  JERSEY  ZINC  COMPANY, 
160  Front  Street,  New  York  City. 

ROME  PLAY:  "Home  play  in 

■■Eaaai wmmmmmmmm  Wartime”,  pub¬ 
lished  by  the  National  Recreation  Asso¬ 
ciation  through  a  special  contribution, 
with  a  foreword  by  Paul  V.  McNutt,  di¬ 
rector  of  the  Office  of  Defense  Health 
and  Welfare  Services — 20  pages — a  com¬ 
plete  manual  of  home  play  and  entertain¬ 
ment,  including  rules  for  table  games, 
card  games,  active  games,  music,  drama 
and  handcrafts,  plus  a  complete  list  of 
source  material  available  from  various 
agencies  free  or  at  slight  cost.  Copies 
available  at  10  cents  from  National  Rec¬ 
reation  Association,  315  Fourth  Avenue, 
New  York  City. 

jJUJ^'jjgRS:  if  every  hunter  used 
common  sense  in  his 
handling  of  firearms,  .relations  between 
him  and  farmers  would  be  better.  Because 
a  few  are  careless,  many  farmers  have 
posted  their  farms.  If  you  post,  it  is  im¬ 
portant  to  have  posters  that  are  legal  and 
to  put  them  up  in  accordance  with  the 
law.  For  prices  on  posters  and  informa¬ 
tion  on  posting,  write  American  Agricul¬ 
turist ,  10  N.  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie, 
New  York. 

If  you  are  in  the  market  for 

cows,*  watch  thq  classified 
livestock  advertising  in  each  issue  of 
American  Agriculturist ,  and  the  livestock 
sales  as  advertised  by  R.  Austin  Backus 
of  Mexico,  New  York,  and  others. 


MANY  OF  US  can  remember  when 
fall  pigs  were  not  looked  upon 
with  favor  if  liberal  quantities  of  skim- 
milk,  buttermilk  or  whey  were  not 
available  for  them.  Too  many  of  the 
pigs  that  were  fed  a  grain  and  concen¬ 
trate  ration  failed  to  gain  satisfactori¬ 
ly.  Many  of  them  became  stiff  and 
some  became  crippled  or  died  before 
they  reached  market  weights.  During 
recent  years,  however,  workers  at 
many  experiment  stations  have  de¬ 
veloped  rations  on  which  fall  pigs 
make  satisfactory  and  economical 
gains. 

A  ration  of  corn  or  hominy  feed  and 
wheat  middlings  in  addition  to  a  small 
amount  of  kitchen  waste  usually  gives 
unsatisfactory  results.  The  addition  of 
milk  by-products  or  tankage,  meat 
scraps  or  fishmeal  improves  this  ration. 
The  inclusion  of  5  per  cent  or  slightly 
more  of  sun-cured  alfalfa  hay  is'  recom¬ 
mended  for  the  pigs  which  do  not  have 
access  to  pasture. 

FEEDS  FOR  SWINE 

Skimmilk  and  buttermilk  are  excel¬ 
lent  feeds  for  pigs.  A  gallon  of  either 
of  these  daily  for  pigs  in  dry  lot  or 
about  three  quarts  for  pigs  on  good 
pasture  is  enough  to  satisfy  the  pro¬ 
tein  needs  of  pigs  that  are  fed  all  of 
the  corn  they  will  eat.  When  wheat 
or  barley  is  fed,  smaller  amounts  of 
milk  are  needed.  One  hundred  pounds 
of  skimmilk  or  buttermilk  fed  in  this 
manner  is  equivalent  in  value  to  about 
11  pounds  of  corn  and  7  pounds  of 
tankage  or  meat  scraps  or  fishmeal. 

Whey  is  worth  not  more  than  one- 
half  as  much  as  skimmilk  and  more 
than  twice  as  much  whey  is  needed  to 
balance  the  ration.  Young  pigs  should 
be  fed  some  wheat  middlings  or  other 
protein-rich  feeds  in  addition  to  grain 
and  whey.  A  ration  of  whey  and  bar¬ 
ley,  full  fed,  has  given  excellent  re¬ 
sults  for  pigs  over  100  pounds  in 
weight.  These  rations  would  be  im¬ 
proved  by  the  addition  of  legume  hay 
and  minerals  if  the  pigs  are  fed  in 
dry  lot. 

Digester  tankage,  meat  scraps,  or 
fishmeal  may  be  used  to  supply  the 
protein  when  milk  by-products  are  not 
available:  Linseed  meal  and  soybean 
oil  meal  may  be  used  in  place  of  part 
of  the  protein  concentrates  of  animal 
origin,  such  as  tankage,  meat  scraps, 
fishmeal  or  milk  products. 

Soybean  oil  meal  that  has  been  well 
heated  during  the  manufacturing  pro¬ 
cess  may  even  serve  as  the  sole  substi¬ 
tute  for  the  protein  concentrates  of 
animal  origin.  Whenever  possible,  at 
least  some  tankage,  meat  scraps,  fish¬ 
meal  or  milk  products  should  be  used. 
One  and  one-half  pounds  of  soybean 
oil  meal  are  needed  to  supply  the 
amount  of  protein  furnished  by  one 
pound  of  tankage. 

MINERALS 

It  is  a  good  practice  to  give  all  swine 
access  to  salt  or  to  a  mineral  mixture 
containing  salt.  If  the  pigs  do  not 
have  access  to  salt,  then  14  to  ys  per 
cent  of  salt  may  be  mixed  with  the 
rations. 

Mineral  supplements  are  not  neces¬ 
sary  if  the  pigs  are  fed  rations  con¬ 
sisting  of  grains  or  grain  substitutes, 
legume  hay  and  protein  supplements  of 
animal  origin. 

Minerals  should  be  fed  if  the  rations 
are  supplemented  chiefly  with  protein 
concentrates  of  plant  origin,  such  as 
soybean  oil  meal,  soybeans  and  linseed 
meal.  One  pound  or  iy2  pounds  of  a 
suitable  homemade  mineral  mixture 
may  be  added  to  each  100  pounds  of 
these  rations. 


A  simple  and  efficient  home-mixed 
mineral  supplement  may  consist  of,  by 
weight,  4  parts  ground  steamed  bone- 
meal,  4  parts  finely  ground  limestone 
and  2  parts  salt.  Another  mixture  may 
be  made  by  using  7  parts  of  ground 
limestone  and  3  parts  of  salt.  Either 
of  these  mixtures  may  be  supplied  in 
a  hardwood  mineral  box  located  in  a 
sheltered  place.  Nothing  is  gained  by 
feeding  excessive  quantities  of  mineral 
mixtures  to  pigs. 

GRAIN 

Corn  is  a  mainstay  in  pork  produc¬ 
tion.  Yellow  corn  is  richer  in  vitamin 
A  value  than  white  corn. 

Coarsely  ground  wheat  is  an  excel¬ 
lent  feed  and  is  equal  or  superior  to 
corn.  Yellow  hominy  feed  and  ground 
barley  are  each  worth  about  95  per 
cent  as  much  as  corn  for  swine. 

Ground  rye  is  about  equal  to  barley 
but  gives  oest  results  when  mixed  with 
other  grains.  Ground  oats  are 'a  good 
feed  if  they  do  not  make  up  more  than 
one-third  of  the  ration  fed  to  pigs. 

There  are  many  other  feeds  for 
swine,  such  as  garbage,  bakery  refuse, 
cull  beans  and  cull  potatoes,  but  the 
space  available  will  not  permit  a  dis¬ 
cussion  of  these  here. 

LEGUME  HAY 

Alfalfa,  clover  and  soybean  hay  of 
good  quality  are  rich  in  calcium  and 
protein.  Green,  leafy,  field-cured  hay 
is  high  in  vitamins  A  and  D.  It  is  best 
to  use  ground  or  finely  chopped  hay  or 
the  leaves  that  shatter  from  the  hay 
for  the  young  growing  and  fattening 
pigs.  The  older  hogs  in  the  breeding 
herd  will  eat  a  sufficient  amount  of 
unchopped  hay. 

RATIONS 

The  following  rations  are  suggested 
for  pork  producers  who  prefer  to  mix 
their  own  swine  feeds.  These  mixtures 
may  be  hand-fed  or  self-fed  and  are 
recommended  for  pigs  fed  in  dry  lot. 

For  pigs  from  weaning  time  to  100 
pounds  in  weight: 

1.  80  lbs.  ground  corn  or  low-fat  hominy 

feed 

10  ”  tankage,  meat  scraps  or  fishmeal 

6  ”  linseed  meal  or  soybean  oil  meal 
5  ”  ground  or  chopped  legume  hay. 

or 

2.  68  lbs.  ground  corn  or  low-fat  hominy 

feed 

15  ”  wheat  middlings 

7  ”  tankage,  meat  scraps  or  fishmeal 

5  ”  linseed  meal  or  soybean  oil  meal 

5  ”  ground  or  chopped  legume  hay. 

or 

3.  86  lbs.  ground  barley  or  wheat 

6  ”  tankage,  meat  scraps  or  fishmeal 

5  ”  linseed  meal  or  soybean  oil  meal 

5  ”  ground  or  chopped  legume  hay. 

The  pigs  under  50  pounds  will  make 
more  satisfactory  gains  if  3  or  4  more 
pounds  of  tankage,  meat  scraps  or  fish¬ 
meal  is  added  to  the  ration.  Less  pro¬ 
tein-rich  feed  is  needed  for  pigs  that 
weigh  more  than  100  pounds. 

Healthy,  well-started  fall  pigs  should 
make  satisfactory  gains  if  they  are  fu11' 
fed  adequate  rations  and  are  provided 
comfortable  and  clean  quarters.  The 
cost  per  pig  at  weaning  time  is  less 
when  the  sows  raise  two  litters  a  year. 

— a.  a. — 

STRAP  HARVEST 

Before  the  end  of  October,  every 
farm  and  every  home  must  collect 
scrap  metal  and  start  it  on  its  way  to 
the  steel  mills.  Your  local  papers  and 
radio  will  tell  you  exactly  when  and 
how  scrap  is  to  be  collected.  See  Page 
11  for  details. 


Ar  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


17  (  555) 


WANT 


PULLETS  to 

LAY  MORE 


TRY  Vr.  Salsbury's 

Ml*  TAB 

Avi-Tab  contains 
nine  drugs  .  •.  *  , 
tonics  .  .  .  Stim- 

ulants  .  .  .  cor¬ 

rectives  to  promote 
growth,  body  func¬ 
tions,  laying.  Mold- 
inhibiting  ingredients 
make  it  a  good  treat¬ 
ment  for  Mycosis  and  similar  diseases. 
Users  praise  results  with  run-down 
flocks.  Get  Avi-Tab,  the  ideal  flock  con¬ 
ditioner,  (or  feed  fortified  with  Avi- 
Tab)  from  your  Dr.  Salsbury  dealer. 

FREE! 


"ROLL-RITE" 
GLASS  ROLLING  PIN 

Be  sure  of  tender,  flaky  pas¬ 
tries!  You  can  fill  “Roll-Rite” 
with  cold  water,  keep  dough 
chilled  before  baking.  Endorsed 
by  professional  chefs.  Free  with 
purchase  of  1  lb.  Avi-Tab,  at  your 
dealer’s,  while  quantities  last! 

DR.  SALSBURY’S  LABORATORIES 

Charles  City,  Iowa 


WENE  U.S.Licensed  VACCINES 


Lifetime  Protection  Aqainst 

♦  TRACHEITIS  4-  FOWL 

i  Safeguard  your  investment  and  profits.  Easy , 
r  quick  vaccination  costs  less  than  one  egg  per 
■( bird.  No  physical  setback.  Full  instructions  ‘ftShV'V 
■  til  furnished.  Write  for  free  book  on  poultry  diseases.  '•» 

Wene  Poultry  Laboratories,  Dept. VK4,-  Vineland,  N.  J. 


MEAT  PRICES  HIGH? 

Rati*  *  ieaf 


HALLS 

Qua£Ug 

CHICKS 


FOR  YOUR  OWN  TABLE 

Ideal  for  Broilers,  Fryers  and  Roasters. 
Fine  for  Capons,  too.  Others  have  reduced 
their  cost  of  living  this  way,  so  can  you 
—  and  here’s  how!  SEND  FOR  FREE 
COPY  of  our  circular — HOW  TO  RAISE 
CHICKS  IN  THE  OFF  SEASON,  including 
special  ideas  for  brooding  in  small  units. 

HALL  BROTHERS  HATCHERY,  Inc. 

BOX  59,  WALLINGFORD.  CONN. 


WELL  BRED  from  WELL  BREEDERS 


NiV^HAMPSmKfSf 


Better  for  urgently 
needed  extra  eggs  and  meat. 

20  years  breeding.  18,000  Breeders— 

N.  H.  -U.  S.  approved  Pullorum  clean. 

New  Hampshires  and  Crossbreds.  Write 
IMoul’s  Brentwood  Poultry  Farms,  Box  A,  Exeter,  N.  H. 


EXTRA  SAVIN6S  &  PROFITS  on 

WENE  ^  CHICKS 


Leading  pore  or  crossbreeds.  Sexed.  U.  S.  N.  J.  Approved.  Blood- 
tested.  Hatches  weekly  year  around.  Literature  FHEE. 

WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  Box  K-4  .  VINELAND,  N.  J, 


Sales 
Service 

Livestock  breeders  who  are 
subscribers  of  A. A.  have  a 
special  and  distinctive  sales 
service  at  their  command, 
NORTHEAST  MARKETS 
FOR  NORTHEAST  PRO¬ 
DUCERS.  5t  is  made  avail¬ 
able  to  readers  of  A.  A.  in  an 
effort  to  open  markets  for 
surplus  that  otherwise  may 
have  to  be  sacrificed.  For 
details  and  rates,  write  the 
Advertising  Dept,  of  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist,  Savings 
Rank  Bldg..  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


Poultry  Meat  Needed 

Jl.  £.  Weauesi 


AGAIN  the  farmers  in  the  Northeast 
have  a  great  opportunity  to  take 
an  active  part  in  the  war  effort;  to 
make  a  real  contribution  to  the  final 
victory;  to  back  up  the  boys  at  the 
front.  Poultry  meat  can  be  produced 
in  a  hurry  and  in  great  abundance.  It 
is  sorely  needed  to  relieve  the  looming 
shortage  of  other  meats. 

Two  years  ago  the  government, 
speaking  through  its  Secretary  Wick- 
ard,  asked  poultrymen  and  other  farm¬ 
ers  to  produce  more  eggs.'  The  re¬ 
sponse  was  100%.  A  year  later  came 
the  request  for  a  still  greater  increase. 
That  is  now  in  sight.  There  is  no 
reason  to  doubt  that  the  government’s 
recent  request  will  be  met;  that  enough 
chicks  will  be  started  in  the  next  two 
months  to  produce  200,000,000  extra 
meat  birds  weighing  three  pounds  or 
more. 

As  I  see  it,  the  bottleneck  is  going 
to  be  hatching  eggs.  You  can’t  buy 
chicks  if  the  hatchery  operator  can’t 
find  enough  fertilized  eggs  from  blood 
tested  hens;  but  if  the  chicks  can  be 
produced,  the  rest  ought  to  be  easy. 
Farm  work  is  less  pressing.  Idle 
brooder  houses  and  equipment  can  be 
put  to  work.  There’s  an  abundance  of 
soybean  oil  meal  to  replace  scarce  and 
costly  meat  scrap.  Wheat  can  be  used 
to  make  up  the  bulk  of  the  scratch 
grain  and  keep  prices  in  line.  Weather 
and  range  conditions  in  the  fall  are 
ideal  for  starting  chicks.  The  price  of 
rapidly  grown  three-  to  four-pound 
chickens  has  been  advancing  steadily 
for  months,  and  at  this  writing  stands 
at  27c  to  29c  for  crossbreds  on  the  New 
York  market. 

- —  A.  A. — 

SOFT  SHELLS 

What  can  I  feed  my  pullets  to  prevent 
them  laying  soft-shelled  eggs?  Is  the  lay¬ 
ing  of  soft-shelled  eggs  hereditary? 

There  is  a  definite  relationship  be¬ 
tween  hot  weather  and  soft-shelled 
eggs,  so  it  is  probable  that  your  trouble 
has  largely  corrected  itself  by  this 
time.  I  have  been  unable  to  find  any 
evidence  that  the  laying  of  soft-shelled 
eggs  is  hereditary.  It  may  be  that 
certain  individuals  are  inclined  to .  eat 
less  shell-making  material,  and  of 
course  need  Vitamin  D  to  help  assimi¬ 
late  the  lime  which  they  eat.  It  would 
he  a  real  contribution  to  the  poultry 
industry  if  someone  could  discover  a 
sure-fire  control  for  soft  shells. 

— a.  a. — 

WORMS 

( Continued  from  Page  6) 

actually  showing  pox,  in  order  to  slow 
up  the  spread  to  other  birds.  Vacci¬ 
nation,  of  course,  is  not  a  cure;  it  is  a 
prevention  where  birds  are  vaccinated 
before  they  contract  the  disease. 

KNOW  WHAT  "AILS”  THEM 

Diseases  of  the  respiratory  system 
take  their  toll.  It  has  been  said  that 
relatively  little  is  known  about  various 
colds  and  respiratory  troubles  of  hens. 
More  information,  including  specific 
cures,  would  save  a  lot  of  money. 
However,  some  facts  are  known,  and 
the  first  thing  to  do  is  to  diagnose  the 
trouble.  States  that  have  Veterinary 
Colleges  are  usually  glad  to  diagnose 
sick  birds  sent  in.  In  some  other 
states,  the  Poultry  Departments  at  the 
State  Colleges  have  specialists  on 
diseases  who  will  give  advice. 

One  serious  respiratory  disease, 
laryngo  tracheitis,  can  be  controlled 
by  vaccination.  Various  drugs  contain¬ 
ing  sulphur  have  proved  very  helpful 
in  controlling  others;  while  the  adop¬ 
tion  of  a  strict  sanitary  program  and 


the  maintaining  of  a  vigorous  flock 
have  their  places  in  any  disease  con¬ 
trol  program. 

BUILD  A  PROGRAM 

So  long  as  the  war  lasts,  there  will 
be  a  market  for  all  of  the  poultry  prod¬ 
ucts  that  can  be  produced,  and  already 
the  Poultry  and  Egg  National  Board 
are  building  a  program  to  increase 
consumption  when  the  war  is  over.  In 
the  meantime,  a  definite  disease  and 
parasite  control  program  will  pay  divi¬ 
dends  to  any  poultryman. 

1.  Buy  healthy  chicks. 

2.  Raise  them  on  clean,  dry  ground. 

3.  Clean  and  disinfect  houses. 

4.  Diagnose  diseases. 

5.  Vaccinate  to  protect;  treat  to  cure. 

— a.  a. — 

SALT  FOR  HENS 

Is  there  any  merit  in  the  idea  of  feed¬ 
ing  salt  to  hens  to  control  cannibalism? 

There  is  considerable  evidence  that 
this  is  very  helpful.  One  program  is 
to  put  one  tablespoon  of  salt  in  each 
gallon  of  drinking  water  for  two  fore¬ 
noons  a  week.  That,  of  course,  is  not 
the  entire  answer.  It  helps  if  pullets 
are  kept  busy.  If  an  outbreak  occurs, 
remove  any  pullets  that  have  been 
picked.  You  may  find,  too,  by  watch¬ 
ing  closely  that  one  or  two  birds  have 
the  habit  worse  than  the  others,  and 
it  may  pay  you  to  take  them  out  and 
market  them. 


STATEMENT  OF  THE  OWNERSHIP.  MANAGE¬ 
MENT,  CIRCULATION.  ETC.,  REQUIRED  BY  THE 
ACT  OF  CONGRESS  OF  AUGUST  24.  1912  AND 
MARCH  3,  1933. 


Of  American  Agriculturist.  Inc.,  published  everv  two 
weeks  at  Poughkeepsie.  N.  Y. ;  for  September  16,  1942 
State  of  New  York,  County  of  Tompkins,  ss. 

Before  me,  a  notary  public  in  and  for  the  State  and 
county  aforesaid,  personally  appeared  E.  C.  Weatherby, 
who,  having  been  duly  sworn  according  to  law. 
deposes  and  says  that  he  is  the  Secretary-Treasurer  of 
The  American  Agriculturist,  and  that  the  follow¬ 
ing  is,  to  the  best  of  his  knowledge  and  belief,  a  true 
statement  of  the  ownership,  management  (and  if  a  daily 


paper,  the  circulation),  etc.,  of  the  aforesaid  publica¬ 
tion  for  the  date  shown  in  the  above  caption,  required 
by  the  Act  of  August  24.  1912,  as  amended  by  the  Act 
of  March  3,  1933,  embodied  in  section  537,  Postal 
Laws  and  Regulations,  printed  on  the  reverse  of  this 
form,  to  wit: 

1.  That  the  names  and  addresses  of  the  publisher, 
editor,  managing  editor  and  business  managers  are: 

Publisher,  American  Agriculturist.  Inc..  Ithaca. 


N.  Y. ;  Editor.  E.  R.  Eastman,  418  Savings  Bank  Bldg  , 
Ithaca,  New  York;  Managing  Editor.  None;  Business 
Managers,  None. 

2.  That  the  owner  is:  (If  owned  by  a  corporation, 
its  name  and  address  must  be  stated  and  also  im¬ 
mediately  thereunder  the  names  and  addresses  of  stock¬ 
holders  owning  or  holding  one  per  cent  or  more  of 
total  amount  of  stock.  If  not  owned  by  a  corporation, 
the  names  and  addresses  of  the  individual  owners 
must  be  given.  If  owned  by  a  firm,  company,  or 
other  unincorporated  concern,  its  name  and  address, 
as  well  as  those  of  each  individual  member  must  be 
given).  American  Agriculturist  Foundation,  Inc., 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.  (A  non-profit  membership  corporation 
without  capital  stock). 

Chairman  of  Board  of  Directors — Harper  Sibley. 
Rochester.  New  York. 

Vice-Chairman — Edward  H.  Jones,  Montpelier.  Vt. 

Treasurer — Clifford  Snyder.  Pittstown,  N.  J. 

Secretary — I.  W.  Ingalls,  Ithaca.  N.  Y. 

3.  That  the  known  Bondholders,  mortgagees,  and 
other  security  holders  owning  or  holding  1  per  cent,  or 
more  of  total  amount  of  bonds,  mortgages,  or  other 
securities  are:  (If  there  are  none,  so  state.)  None. 

4.  That  the  two  paragraphs  next  above,  giving  the 
names  of  the  owners,  stockholders,  and  security  hold¬ 
ers.  if  any.  contain  not  only  the  list  of  stockholders 
and  security  holders  as  they  appear  on  the  books  of 
the  company,  but  also,  in  cases  where  the  stockholder 
or  security  holder  appears  upon  the  books  of  the  com¬ 
pany  as  trustee  or  in  any  other  fiduciary  relation  the 
name  of  the  person  or  corporation  for  whom  such 
trustee  is  acting,  is  given;  also  that  the  said  two 
paragraphs  contain  statements  embracing  affiant’s  full 
knowledge  and  belief  as  to  the  circumstances  and  con¬ 
ditions  under  which  stockhfilders  and  security  holders 
who  do  not  appear  upon  the  books  of  the  company  as 
trustees,  hold  stock  and  securities  in  a  capacity  other 
than  that  of  a  bona  fide  owner;  and  this  affiant  has 
no  reason  to  believe  that  any  other  person,  association, 
or  corporation  has  any  interest  direct  or  indirect  in 
the  said  stock,  bonds,  or  other  securities  than  as  so 


stated  by  him. 

5.  That  the  average  number  of  copies  of  each  issue  of 
this  publication  sold  or  distributed,  through  the  mails 
or  otherwise,  to  paid  subscribers  during  the  twelve 

months  preceding  the  date  shown  above  is  _ 

(This  information  is  required  from  daily  publications 
only. ) 


E.  C.  Weatherby,  Secretary -Treasurer. 
Sworn  to  and  subscribed  before  me  this  16th  day  of 
September,  1942. 


(My  commission  expires  March  30,  1944). 


(Seal)  Everett  M.  Carhart. 

Buy  War  Bonds  and  Stamps 


FAITHFUL 

FARM 

HANDS 


Complete  spark  plug  care  consists 
of  only  two  simple  things: 

1.  Have  them  cleaned  and  the  gaps 
adjusted  regularly.  For  cafs  and 
trucks,  this  means  every  4,000 
miles.  For  tractors  and  station¬ 
ary  engines,  it  means  every  200 
operating  hours. 

2.  Be  sure  that  the  "Heat  Range"  is 
correct.  If  your  plugs  foul  too 
quickly,  replace  them  with  plugs 
of  a  hotter  “Heat  Range”  (a  higher 
AC  type  number).  If  they  mani¬ 
fest  a  chronic  tendency  to  rapid 
wear,  splitting,  breakage,  and  pre¬ 
ignition,  replace  them  with  plugs 
of  a  cooler  “ Heat  Range”  (a  lower 
AC  type  number). 

Here’s  What  You  Gain.  When 
you  keep  your  plugs  clean  and 
correctly  gapped;  and  when  the 
“Heat  Range”  is 
right  for  the  en¬ 
gine;  the  plugs 
last  longer.  You 
use  less  fuel,  avoid 
loss  of  engine 
power,  and  main¬ 
tain  easy  starting. 
Take  your  plugs 
to  the  AC  Clean¬ 
ing  Station  when 
you  go  to  town. 

AC  SPARK  PLUG  DIVISION 
General  Motors  Corporation 


LIVE-PAY 

CHICKS 


Hatches  Mon.-Tues.-Wed. -Thurs.  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ $9.00  $16.00  $3.00 

Black  or  White  Minorcas _  9.00  16.00  3.00 

B.  &  W.  Box,  R.  I.  Reds,  W.Wy.,10.00  13.00  10.00 

Red-Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross _ 10.00  13.00  1  0.00 

Jersey  White  Giants _ 12.00  15.00  12.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAASUP.). 12.00  16.00  10.00 

II  Mix  $9;  HEAVY  BROILER  CH1X,  no  sex  guar.. 
$8.50;  Breeders  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D.,  100  %  live 
del.  Post  Pd.  AMER.  SEXORS  ONLY  95%  Accuracy. 

C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY.  Box  A.  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


TOLMAN’S  Plymouth  ROCKS 

Baby  Chicks  $12.00  per  lOO 

All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100%  State 
Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube  Agglut.  TOLMAN’S  ROCKS 
famous  for  Rapid  Growth,  Early  Maturity,  Profitable 
Egg  Yield.  Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters 
or  market  eggs.  Send  for  FREE  circular.  I  Specialize 
—  One  Breed.  One  Grade  at  One  Price. 

JOSEPH  TOLMAN,  Dept.  B,  ROCKLAND.  MASS. 


Chicks  That  Live 


WM.  34  years  of  fair  dealing  insure 
satisfaction.  Hatches  every  week. 
Write  for  prices. 

KERR  CHICKERIES,  Inc. 

21  Railroad  Ave.  Frenchtown,  N.  i. 


Floyd  N.  Wood,  R.  I,  No.  Weare,  N.  H. 


6 


CLEAR  SPRING  CHICKS 


95%  Guar.  Pullets  Str.  Pult’s  Ckls. 

100%  live  del.  100  100  100 

Our  Famous  Hanson  Leghorns _ $11.00  $18.00  $6.00 

Large  Type  English  Leghorns _  10.00  17.00  6.00 

Bar.  Rocks  &  R.  I.  Reds -  11.00  13.00  11.00 

W.  Rox.  N.  H.  Reds,  Red-Rock  Cr.  12.00  14.00  12.00 

Heavy  Mixed  -  10.00  -  10.00 

All  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Postpaid.  1942  Catalog  FREE. 

CLEAR  SPRING  HATCHERY, 

F.  B.  LEISTER,  Owner,  Box  51,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


Choice  husky  range  raised  D..  Jjv  i._  J  „v  p1IllAl.~ 
Barred  and  White  Rock  neatly  10  L.ay  rulieiS. 
Best  production  breeding.  Priced  reasonable. 
FARAWAY  FARMS,  SILVER  LAKE,  INDIANA. 


(556)  18 


Aj  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


ACT  FAST  PHI  n 
WHENAWlM 

THREATENS 

At  the  very  first  sniffle,  sneeze,  or  any 
sign  of  a  cold  just  try  a  few  drops  of 
Vicks  Va-tro-nol  up  each  nostril.  If 
used  in  time,  Va-tro-nol’s  quick  action 
helps  prevent  many  colds  from  devel¬ 
oping.  ...And  remember  this,  when  a 
head  cold  makes  you  miserable,  or  tran¬ 
sient  congestion  “fills  up”  nose  and 
spoils  sleep-3-pur  pose  Va-tro-nol 
does  three  important  things.  It  (1) 
shrinks  swollen  membranes,  (2)  relieves 
Irritation,  (3)  helps 
clear  clogged  nasal 
passages.  Enjoy  _______ 

the  relief  it  brings.  VICKS' 

Follow  directions  ...  __  _  u__ 

In  folder.  VA'TRO'NOL 


Burpee’s  0-^a 

LARKSPUR 

.  To  have  biggest,  best  Larkspurs  next  sum- 
a  mer,  sow  this  fail.  The  colors  of  the  flag  for 
your  Victory  Garden— a  15c-Pkt. 
of  Giant  Double  Larkspur  free, 

I  with  directions.  Easy  to  grow.j 
Send  stamp  for  postage,  today.  I 
J  •Burpee's  Seed  Catalog  free  •  } 

W.  ATLEE  BURPEE  CO. 

345  Burpee  Building,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  or  Clinton,  Iowa 


B  y  Grace  Watkins  Huckett 

T'\1D  YOU  ever  stop  to  think  what 
an  obliging  fruit  the  apple  is?  It 
fits  so  nicely  into  any  menu,  anywhere 
from  appetizer  to  salad  or  dessert. 
And  right  now,  when  apples  are  at 
their  very  best,  is  the  time  to  make 
the  most  of  them.  You  can  serve  them 
every  day  without  the  family  tiring  of 
them  if  you  use  them  in  a  variety  of 
ways.  Here  are  some  delicious  tested 
recipes  that  will  win  cheers  for  the 
cook  : 


■I’ltoio,  Courtesy  Coining  Glass  Works. 


Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


Wa  A*-a  PrAnarArl  To  make  y°ur  w°o1  into  yarn, 
nr  e  r  repareu  Writo  for  prices  A)so  yarn 

for  sale.  H.  A.  BARTLETT,  HARMONY,  MAINE. 

GREETING  CARDS,  Introductory  offer,  10  Beautiful 
"All  Occasion"  25c.  PARMINGTON,  AI329  Culver, 
Rochester,  N.  Y. 


r 


Glenn  R.  Corwin,  R.  I,  Newfane,  N.  Y. 


BUY  VICTORY  BONDS 


j 


Fried  Apples 

In  order  to  get  fried  apples  that 
hold  their  shape  yet  have  that  shiny, 
transparent  appearance,  cook  them 
slowly  in  fat  that  does  not  burn  easily. 
Sprinkle  about  %  cup  sugar  to  every 
2  quarts  of  diced  apples.  Put  a  lid 
on  the  skillet  and  leave  it  on  until  the 
apples  cook  tender.  Then  take  the  lid 
off.  Turn  the  apples  over  gently,  then 
let  them  brown.  Serve  on  a  platter 


with  strips  of  bacon — or  slices  of  ham 
or  salt  pork — or  sausage. 

Baked  Ham  with  Stuffed  Apples 

Trim  off  a  portion  of  the  fat  from 
a  slice  of  ham  one  inch  in  thickness. 
Rub  with  brown  sugar  or  cane  syrup, 
place  in  a  shallow  baking  pan,  and  dot 
with  whole  cloves.  Peel  and  core  tart 
apples,  put  one  teaspoon  of  seeded  and 
cut  raisins  in  each  cavity,  then  fill 
with  brown  sugar,  dot  with  butter,  and 


Women!  Please  Accept  this  Amazing  Offer! 


Serve  Honey-Apple  Betty  with  cream, 
plain  or  whipped,  or  with  any  desired 
sauce. 


place  around  the  ham.  Pour  in  half  a 
cup  of  boiling  water,  cover,  and  bake 
until  the  meat  is  tender. 

Stuffed  Apples  with  Sausage 

Remove  cores  and  part  of  the  pulp 
from  red  baking  apples.  Mix  scooped 
out  pulp  with  well-seasoned  sausage 
meat,  stuff  it  into  the  hollow  of  the 
apple  and  sprinkle  the  top  with  brown 
sugar.  Bake  until  tender.  Small,  link 
sausage  may  be  skinned  and  the  meat 
used  instead  of  bulk  sausage  meat. 


BAKE  THE  BEST  BREAD  YOU  EVER  TASTED 


NO  WONDER 

YEAST  FOAM  MARES  THIS 
REMARKABLE  GUARANTEE- 
WHEN  IT  MAKES  GRAND 
BREAD  LIKE  THIS! 


You  the  Cost 
5C  If  the  Bread 
slew  Improved 
Best  You  Hare 

Sole  Judge. 


t  GU&R&NTtt!  w 

ill  the  Ingredients 
Rolls  You  Make 
.AST  FOAM  Are 
t  Tasted- You* 


or  We  Pay  the  Full  Cost! 


WE  make  this  sensational  offer  to  acquaint  new  thousands  with 
the  most  famous  of  all  bread-baking  methods. 

It’s  the  secret  farm  women  discovered  years  ago— the  way  thou¬ 
sands  prefer— to  give  bread  that  fine,  rich,  old-fashioned  flavor  and 
smooth  texture.  And  because  farm  women  have  adopted  this  method 
—women  whose  baking  must  please  and  satisfy  robust,  outdoor  appe¬ 
tites— we  ask  you  to  try  it. 

Yeast  Foam  is  the  secret.  Scores  of  tests  in  our  own  kitchens 
prove  that  Yeast  Foam  bread  and  rolls  have  a  flavor  and  texture 
all  their  own— a  difference  you  will  notice  with  your  first  baking. 
There’s  nothing  difficult  about  it— no  tricks,  no  great  skill  needed. 

Simply  buy  a  package  of  Yeast  Foam  at  your  grocer’s.  Follow 
the  simple  directions  that  come  with  each  package.  If  you  don’t 
agree  the  bread  you  bake  has  finer  flavor  than  any  you’ve  ever 
tasted,  we’ll  pay  you  for  all  the  ingredients  used,  plus  the  full  pack¬ 
age  of  Yeast  Foam.  Simply  mail  us  the  Yeast  Foam  wrapper  and 
tell  us  the  cost  of  the  ingredients  used. 

KEEPS  FOR  MONTHS— Your  grocer  has  the  improved  faster  Yeast 
Foam  now.  Buy  a  full  package  of  five  cakes  for  10c.  Enough  for  five 
bakings  of  four  loaves  each.  Yeast  Foam  keeps  for  months  on  the 
pantry  shelf— requires  no  refrigeration. 


Yeast  Foam  is  made  by  the  manufacturers  of  Maca  Yeast, 
the  famous  fast-acting  granular  yeast. 


NORTHWESTERN  YEAST 

1750  North  Ashland  Avenue 


COMPANY 

Chicago,  Illinois 


YEAST 

FOAM 


YEAST  FOAM  AND  MAGIC  YEAST  ARE 
" JUST  THE  SAME  EXCEPT  IN  NAME" 


Apple  and  Bacon  Sandwiches 

Cover  a  slice  of  toasted  bread  with 
a  thick  layer  of  heavy  apple  sauce. 
Place  2  slices  of  bacon  on  top  of  the 
sauce  and  put  in  a  hot  oven  until  the 
bacon  is  crisp.  Serve  at  once. 

Variation :  In  place  of  plain  toast 
use  a  cheese  sandwich,  either  toasted 
or  made  like  cheese  dreams.  Spread 
on  the  hot  apple  sauce  and  serve  at 
once. 

Cider  Cocktail 

I  cup  sweet  cider  I  cup  water 

I  cup  grape  juice  (purple  14  cup  orange  juice 

or  white)  V*  cup  lemon  juice 

Honey,  white  syrup  or  sugar  to  sweeten. 

Stir  and  pour  over  ice  cubes  or 
crushed  ice.  If  quantities  are  increas¬ 
ed  to  serve  in  a  punch  bowl,  roast  2 
or  3  apples  to  bob  on  the  surface. 

If  a  red  color  is  desired,  use  rasp¬ 
berry  or  loganberry  juice  instead  of 
grape  juice  and  if  necessary  a  little 
red  vegetable  coloring. 

Apple  Cheese  Betty 

14  cup  butter  Nutmeg 

I  pint  bread  crumbs  14  cup  water 

I  pint  sliced  apples  Vz  cup  sugar  or  molasses 

4  tablespoons  grated  cheese 

Cover  bottom  of  a  greased  baking 
dish  with  bread  crumbs.  Add  a  gener¬ 
ous  layer  of  thinly  sliced,  tart  apples. 
Sprinkle  with  sugar  or  molasses,  bits 
of  butter,  a  little  nutmeg  and  grated 
cheese.  Cover  with  another  layer  of 
buttered  crumbs.  Add  the  water  and 
bake  in  a  covered  dish  in  a  slow  oven 
(250-350°  F.)  for  30  minutes.  Then 
remove  the  cover  and  bake  45  minutes 
longer. 

Honey-Apple  Betty 

I  cup  bread  crumbs  I  cup  water 

314  cups  chopped  apples  I  apple,  washed,  cored  and 
14  cup  honey  sliced  to  form  rings 

Mix  crumbs  and  chopped  apples  and 
place  in  a  deep  baking  dish.  Bring 
honey  and  water  to  boil  and  pour  over 
the  fruit  and  bread  mixture.  Sprinkle 
a  few  dry  crumbs  on  top  and  lay  the 
apple  rings  around  the  edge.  Bake, 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


19  (557) 


covered,  in  a  slow  oven  (250-350°  F.) 
for  30  minutes,  then  remove  the  cover 
and  bake  45  minutes  longer.  Serve 
with  plain  or  whipped  cream,  or  with 
any  desired  sauce. 


Apple  Relishes  and  Salads 

Apple,  Cabbage  and  Raisin  Salad  .... 

1  cup  diced  red  apples  Vi  cup  seeded  raisins,  cut 

(unpared)  in  half 

2  cups  finely  shredded  Vi  cup  boiled  dressing 

cabbage 

Dates,  nuts  or  prunes  may  be  sub¬ 
stituted  for  raisins.  Mix  lightly  to¬ 
gether  and  serve  on  lettuce  leaves. 

Other  combinations :  Apple  with 
celery  and  cheese;  with  celery  and 
green  peppers;  with  pears  and  oranges; 
with  Spanish  onions.  (Serves  6.) 

Jellied  Apple-Cranberry  Salad 

2  tablespoons  gelatin  %  cup  diced  apples 

%  cup  corn  syrup  %  cup  diced  celery 

2  cups  cranberries  .  I  cup  water 

%  teaspoon  salt 

Soak  gelatin  in  %  cup  water  for  5 
minutes.  Cook  cranberries  in  1  cup 
water  until  soft.  Stir  in  corn  syrup 
and  cook  for  5  minutes.  Add  salt  and 
strain.  Add  gelatin  and  stir  until  dis¬ 
solved.  When  mixture  begins  to  thick¬ 
en,  add  celery  and  apples  and  turn  into 
square  pan  which  has  been  rinsed  with 
cold  water.  Chill.  When  firm  cut  in 
squares.  Serve  on  lettuce  leaves,  garn¬ 
ish  with  mayonnaise.  (Serves  6  to  8.) 


Apple  Breads  or  Cakes 

Dutch  Apple  Cake 


I  cup  flour 

I  'A  teaspoons  baking  pow- 
der 

Vi  teaspoon  salt 
Va  cup  sugar 
Va  cup  shortening 


1  egg 

2  tablespoons  milk 

3  apples,  pared  and 
sliced 

</2  teaspoon  cinnamon 
2  tablespoons  butter 


Sift  together  the  flour,  baking  pow¬ 
der,  salt,  and  2  tablespoons  of  the 
sugar.  Cut  in  the  fat.  Combine  the 
egg  and  milk,  add  to  the  dry  ingredi¬ 
ents,  and  mix  to  a  soft  dough.  Spread 
the  dough  in  a  shallow  greased  pan. 
Arrange  the  apple  slices  in  rows  over 
the  mixture  with  pointed  edges  down. 
Mix  together  the  remaining  sugar  and 
the  cinnamon  and  sprinkle  over  the 
apples,  dot  with  butter  and  bake  in  a 
moderately  hot  oven  (400°  F. )  for  25 
to  30  minutes.  Serve  with  cream, 
hard  sauce,  or  lemon  sauce.  (Serves  6.) 


Apple  Bars 


I  cup  flour 
Vi  teaspoon  salt 
'/a  teaspoon  soda 
Vi  cup  brown  sugar 
I  cup  oatmeal 


Vi  cup  butter 
2'/2  cups  sliced  tart 
apples 

2  tablespoons  butter 
'/)  cup  white  sugar 


Sift  the  flour  with  salt  and  soda  and 
add  the  brown  sugar.  Mix  this  with 
the  oatmeal  and  cut  in  the  butter  un¬ 
til  crumbly.  Spread  half  of  the  mix¬ 
ture  in  a  greased  7  by  11  inch  baking 
dish.  Dot  it  with  butter  and  add  the 
sliced  apples.  Sprinkle  it  with  the 
one-fourth  cup  of  white  sugar  and  cov¬ 
er  with  the  remaining  crumb  mixture. 
Bake  this  in  a  moderate  oven  (350°  F.) 
for  40  to  45  minutes.  Cut  it  in  bars 
and  serve  it  either  hot  with  a  sauce  or 
cold  as  a  cookie. 


Sugar-Saving  Apple 
Desserts 


Apple  Gingerbread  Cobbler 


I  egg 

Vi  cup  brown  sugar 
Va  cup  granulated  sugar 
Vi  cup  sour  milk 
Va  cup  molasses 
I  cup  flour 
Va  teaspoon  salt 

I  tablespoon 


Vi  teaspoon  soda 
Vi  teaspoon  baking  powder 
Vi  teaspoon  nutmeg 
Vi  teaspoon  ginger 
Va  teaspoon  cinnamon 
I  Vi  tablespoons  butter 
4  apples 
lemon  juice 


Core,  pare,  and  slice  the  apples.  Mix 
cne-half  the  sugar  with  the  apples  and 
Place  in  a  buttered  baking  dish,  or  in 
muffin  tins.  Sprinkle  with  the  lemon 
juice  and  bake  in  a  moderate  oven 
(350°  F.)  for  20  minutes  while  the 
batter  is  being  mixed.  Beat  the  egg, 
add  the  remaining  sugar,  sour  milk, 
and  molasses.  Mix  and  sift  the  dry 
ingredients,  and  stir  them  into  the 
liquid  mixture.  Add  the  melted  butter, 


COOK’S  QUIZ 
OAT  VEGETABLES 


1 .  What  causes  vegetables  to 
lose  color  in  cooking? 

2.  Does  it  make  any  difference 
as  to  how  vegetables  are  pre¬ 
pared  for  cooking? 

3.  Is  there  any  guide  for  length 
of  time  for  cooking? 

4.  What  are  the  best  methods  of 
cooking  vegetables? 

5.  Why  should  we  eat  two  or 
more  servings  of  vegetables 
every  day? 

Turn  to  Page  21  for  answers 
and  score  yourself.  Count  20  for 
each  question  you  answer'  cor¬ 
rectly. 


mix  well,  and  pour  over  the  hot  apples. 
Replace  in  the  oven  and  bake  for  30 
minutes  (350°  F.)  or  until  cake 

shrinks  from  the  pan.  Serve  with  any 
preferred  sauce.  (Serves  6.) 

»  Apple  Dowdy 

Vi  loaf  stale  bread  Va  teaspoon  salt 

8  large  tart  apples  Va  cup  dark  brown  sugar 

Vi  teaspoon  cinnamon  Vi  cup  cold  water 

2  tablespoons  butter 

Cut  bread  in  thin  slices  and  remove 
crusts.  Butter  each  slice.  Line  a  but¬ 
tered  baking  dish  with  the  slices,  add 
the  apples,  pared  and  sliced,  the  sugar, 
cinnamon,  and  salt,  and  pour  the  water 
over  all.  Cover  the  top  with  bread, 
buttered  side  up.  Bake  in  a  slow  oven 
(250°  F. )  for  1  hour.  Serve  hot  with 
liquid  or  hard  sauce. 

Indian  Apple  Pudding 

2  cups  milk  Vi  cup  molasses 

Vi  cup  cornmeal  Vi  teaspoon  salt 

2  cups  sliced  apples  Vi  teaspoon  butter 

4  cups  milk 

Mix  well  together  the  first  5  ingredi¬ 
ents,  then  add  the  milk.  Pour  the  mix¬ 
ture  into  a  buttered  baking-dish  and 
bake  for  3  hours  in  a  slow  oven  (250° 
F.)  When  this  is  cold,  a  clear  amber 
jelly  will  be  found  throughout  the  pud¬ 
ding.  Serve  with  cream.  (Serves  8.) 

—  a.  a. — 

THINGS  YOU  CAN  MAKE 

The  Associated  Country  Women  of 
the  World  have  published  a  new  book, 
called  “What  Country  Women  Use.’’ 
It’s  by  Louise  Howard  and  Beryl  Hean- 
den,  and  it  is  intended  to  answer  the 
question,  “If  you  are  living  on  a  farm, 
miles  from  the  nearest  town,  and  you 
had  neither  the  money  nor  the  oppor¬ 
tunity  to  buy  the  things  you  needed, 
how  much  could  you  make  for  your¬ 
self  from  the  materials  in  and  around 
your  home?” 

This  book  supplies  answers  to  that 
question,  compiled  from  information 
sent  in  by  country  women  from  all 
over  the  world.  It  describes  bark  weav¬ 
ing  in  Latvia,  distilling  of  perfumes  in 
France,  pottery  ^making  and  hand- 
block  printing  in  Central  Europe,  the 
use  of  withies  in  many  countries — all 
interesting  cases  of  survival  of  old 
arts. 

Also  described  in  this  book  are  par¬ 
ticular  uses  of  wool,  flax,  cotton,  hides, 
skins  and  wood  bark;  various  animal 
and  vegetable  products,  “something  out 
of  nothing”;  the  use  of  vegetable  dyes, 
and  the  romance  of  patchwork.  The 
book  costs  $1.00,  and  may  be  ordered 
from  Mrs.  G.  F.  W.  Kuhring,  4323 
Montrose  Ave.,  Westmount,  P.  Q., 
Canada.  Send  personal  check,  postal 
money  order,  coin  or  bills — no  stamps. 

From  this  same  address  may  be  ob¬ 
tained,  for  10c,  a  copy  of  the  poem 
“Countrywoman”,  by  Margaret  Stanley 
Wrench.  This  poem  is  a  beautiful 
tribute  to  the  rural  woman,  glorifying 
everyday  tasks  in  the  home  and  on  the 
farm.  It  is  especially  useful  for  read¬ 
ing  at  rural  meetings. 


Pillsbury’s  POT-LUCK  PIE 

.  .  .  with  a  marvelously  tender,  flaky 
topping  .  .  .  from  that  dependable 
all-purpose  flour,  Pillsbury's  Best! 


PILLSBURY’S  POT-LUCK  PIE 

...  a  bubbling  pot  of  meat,  vegetables,  and  tender  Pillsbury  biscuit 
. . .  serves  6  for  about  15c  apiece. 


Yi  cup  chopped  onions  •  2  cups  canned  peas,  well  • 

2  Tbsps.  chopped  green  drained  • 

pepper  (optional)  •  1  cup  canned  whole-kernel 

2  Tbsps.  buner  corn,  well  drained 

2  cups  (1  lb.)  cooked  cubed  •  6  Tbsps.  butter  • 

beef  •  5  Tbsps.  Pillsbury’s  Best  • 

1  cup  sliced  carrots,  cooked  Enriched  Flour 

(The  enrichment  of  Pillsbury's  Best  with  two  B-vitamins  and  iron 
has  not  changed  its  creamy-white  color,  its  mellow,  wheaty  flavor, 
or  the  perfect  way  it  works  in  all  your  recipes.) 

thick  and  smooth,  stirring  constantly.  5.  Add 
seasonings,  meat,  and  vegetables  to  mixture. 


1  cup  milk 

1  Yl  cups  vegetable  liquid, 
beef  broth,  or  water 
1  Yi  teaspoons  salt 
V2  teaspoon  pepper 
Vi  teaspoon  Worcestershire 
sauce  (optional) 


1 .  Pan-fry  onions  and  green  pepper  in  2  Tbsps. 
butter  until  tender.  Remove  from  fat.  2.  Add 
to  combined  meat,  carrots,  peas,  and  corn.  3. 
Melt  6  Tbsps.  butter  in  frying  pan;  add  flour; 
mix  well.  4.  Add  liquids  gradually;  cook  until 


Allow  to  simmer  until  vegetables  are  heated. 
6.  Turn  into  2-quart  casserole. 


The  perfect  Pillsbury  topping: 


Va  tsp.  salt 
3  Tbsps.  shortening 

Ya  cup  chopped  stuffed  olives  (optional) 
9  Tbsps.  milk  (about) 


1  Yi  cups  sifted  Pillsbury’s  Best  Enriched  • 

Flour  • 

2Ya  tsps.  baking  powder  (or  1  Yl  tsps.  dou-  • 

ble-acting)  • 

What  a  pleasure— and  what  an  economy— to  know  that  the  flour  which  gives  you 
such  delectably  tender,  flaky  biscuits  will  also  make  perfect  cakes,  cookies,  pastry,  and 
bread !  For  Pillsbury's  Best  is  a  truly  all-purpose  flour.  And  it’s  truly  dependable ,  too, 
for  it’s  BAKE-PROVED  before  you  ever  buy  it  — pretested  by  actual  baking  tests  made 
4  to  6  times  a  day  during  milling!  Satisfaction  is  guaranteed  or  your  money  back! 

over  hot  mixture.  6.  Bake  in  hot  oven  (375°  F.) 
about  40  minutes.  7.  Garnish  with  parsley  and 
pimiento,  or  cooked  carrot  or  beet  strips;  serve 
immediately.  Get  a  bag  of  Pillsbury’s  Best . 


7.  Sift  flour  once,  measure;  add  baking  pow¬ 
der  and  salt;  sift  again.  2.  Cut  in  shortening 
till  mixture  is  like  coarse  meal.  Add  olives; 
mix.  3.  Add  milk;  stir  only  till  all  is  damp¬ 
ened.  4.  Roll  out  about  Yl  in.  thick  on  lightly 
floured  board.  5.  Cut  in  diamond  shapes;  place 


give  your  family  this  savory,  economical  vita¬ 
min-packed  one-dish  supper  tonight ! 


Look— Beautiful  Knowles  dinnerware— at 
amazing  bargain  prices!  Lustrous,  ivory- 
white  background,  with  large  poppy  spray  in  bright 
natural  colors  .  .  .  hand-fired,  semi-vitreous,  with  a 
clear  glaze  (will  not  “craze’’).  This  exquisite  ware 
is  only  one  of  the  wonderful  premium  bargains  you 
can  get  with  Pillsbury  Thrift  Stars,  which  come 
with  Pillsbury’s  Best  and  other  Pillsbury  products. 
For  details  see  recipe  folder  in  the  Pillsbury’s  Best 
bag  — or  write  Pillsbury  Flour  Mills,  Dept.  0-38, 
Minneapolis,  for  new  free  premium  catalog. 

BAKE -PROVED  — to  protect  your  baking 


ENRICHED  WITH  T  WO  B-VITAMINS  AN  D  IRON 


(558)  20 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


MORE  THAN  TEN  MILLION  PEOPLE 
WEAR  THE  FOOTWEAR  WITH 
THE  FAMOUS  RED  BALL 


RUBBER 

r  •  I  *'  1 

ic  i/ITA I  TO 

I  VII  f%Wm  I 


Good  health  Is  vital  to  victory,  too;  and  warm,  dry  feet 
help  all  the  family  keep  healthy.  Sunlight,  heat,  dirt,  oil 
and  grease  are  the  worst  enemies  of  your  rubber  foot¬ 
wear.  They're  easy  to  defeat  with  just  a  few  precautions: 

1.  Put  rubber  footwear  on  and  take  it  off  carefully. 

2.  Keep  it  clean.  Wash  off  dirt,  oil  and  grease  promptly. 

3.  Dry  it  slowly.  Do  not  place  near  hot  stove  or  radiator. 

4.  Keep  it  out  of  direct  sunlight  when  not  in  use. 

5.  Store  carefully  in  a  cool,  dark,  dry  place. 

See  your  Ball-Band  dealer.  He  can  tell  you  how  to  get 
the  most  service  from  your  Ball-Band  rubber  footwear. 


MISHAWAKA  RUBBER  &  WOOLEN  MFG 

MISHAWAKA,  INDIANA 


REG.  U.  S.  PAT. 
OFF.  1901 


Take  good  care  of  your 


rubber  footwear 


★  FOR  VICTORY-BUY  UNITED  STATES  WAR  BONDS  AND  STAMPS  * 


Coming  to - 

PHILADELPHIA  ? 

Rooms  with  Bath  for 

HOTEL  Radios  in  Every  Room. 

PHILADELPHIAN 

39TH  AND  CHESTNUT  STREET8 
PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


FALSE  TEETH 

AS  LOW  AS  $7.95 

Per  Plate,  DENTAL  PLATES 
are  made  in  our  own  laboratory 
from  your  personal  impression. 
Our  workmanship  and  materia) 
GUARANTEED  or  purchase  price  refunded.  We  take  this 
risk  on  our  60-day  trial  offer.  DO  NOT  SEND  ANY  MONEYI 
MAIL  POST  CARD  for  FREE  Material  and  Catalog  of  our 
LOW  PRICES.  DON’T  PUT  IT  OFF  —  Write  us  TODAY! 

BRIGHTON  -  THOMAS  DENTAL  LABORATORY 
Dept.  S.419  6217  S.  Halstead  Street,  Chicago  III. 


TIME  WELL  SPENT 

Time  taken  to  read  the  ad* 
vertisements  in  AMERICAN 
AGRICULTURIST  is  time 
well  spent — for  there  is  no 
better  way  to  keep  well  in¬ 
formed  on  new  things  on  the 
market,  what  to  buy  at  what 
price  and  where  to  go  to  get 
what  you  want.  When  you 
answer  an  “ad,”  be  sure  to 
mention  the  name  of 

American 

Agriculturist 


W.  R.  Reinhardt,  Rural,  Saunderstown,  R.  I. 


Iff  you  want  to 

BUILD  UP 
RED  BLOOD! 

And  Also  Relieve  Distress  of 
'Periodic'  Female  Weakness! 

If  you  want  to  build  up  red  blood  cor¬ 
puscles  to  promote  a  more  refreshed 
bloodstream,  more  strength — try  Lydia  E. 
Pinkham’s  Compound  TABLETS  (with 
added  iron). 

Pinkham’s  Tablets  are  also  famous  to 
relieve  distress  of  female  functional 
monthly  disturbances.  This  is  because  of 
their  soothing  effect  on  ONE  OF  WOM¬ 
AN’S  MOST  IMPORTANT  ORGANS. 
Taken  regularly  they  help  build  up  re¬ 
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—  new  FREE  folder 
of  20  famous  sug¬ 
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SMART,  SIMPLE,  STYLISH 


ANEW  NOTE  of  simplicity  is  very 
pronounced  in  fall  styles.  War¬ 
time  conservation  of  fabrics  is  respon¬ 
sible,  of  course.  But  this  does  not 
mean  that  feminine  prettiness  has  been 
overlooked. 

Two-piecer  No.  3249  gives  a  slender 
waistline  and  is  highly  suitable  for 
many  smart  fall  fabrics,  including  the 
new  rayon,  printed  in  wool-like  pat¬ 
terns,  corduroys  and  velveteens,  heavy 
crepes  and  even  washables.  Sizes  10 
to  20.  Size  16,  3%  yds.  39-in.  fabric. 

Princess  housedress  No.  2701  is  a 
flattering  style,  is  easy  to  make  and 
easy  to  iron.  Sizes  14  to  52.  Size  36, 
4%  yds.  35-in.  fabric  with  y2  yd.  con¬ 
trasting  and  2  yards  of  ric-rac. 

A  tiered  dress  won  first  place  in  a 
recent  daytime  dress  design  contest. 
Pattern  No.  3557  is  such  a  tiered  de¬ 
sign.  Pattern  sizes  10  to  20.  Size  16, 
2%  yds.  39-in.  fabric  with  5  yds.  ric- 
rac.  / 

The  suit’s  the  thing  for  fall.  Softly 
fitted  style  No.  3184  adapts  itself  to 
your  chosen  fabric.  Sizes  12  to  40. 
Size  16,  for  suit  and  beanie,  4%  yds. 
35-in.  fabric. 

A  dear  little  dress  for  a  dear  little 
child  is  No.  3577.  Sizes  6  mos.,  1,  2, 
and  3  yrs.  Size  2,  1%  yds.  35-in.  fabric 
with  2%  yds.  pleating  for  dress  with 
scalloped  front;  for  the  plainer  version, 
iy2  yds.  35-in.;  and  for  panties,  %  yds. 

The  smallster  of  the  family  loves  her 
little  suits;  such  as  No.  3371.  Pattern 
sizes,  2  to  8.  Size  4  requires,  for 
jacket  and  beanie,  1  y2  yds.  35-in.  fab¬ 
ric;  and  for  suspender  skirt,  1  y8  yds. 
35-in. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address, 
pattern  size  and  number  clearly  and 
enclose  15c  in  stamps.  Address  Pat¬ 
tern  Dept.,  American  Agriculturist,  10 
North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

Our  FALL-WINTER  FASHION 
BOOK  is  full  of  smart  styles  that  are 
easy  to  make  and  inspiring  to  wear. 
Over  150  pattern  designs  shown  in  full 
color.  Selections  for  all  sizes,  ages 
and  occasions.  An  indispensable  book 


for  home  sewers,  Price  just  12c  in 
coin  or  stamps  or  send  25c  for  the 
Fashion  Book  and  a  pattern  of  your 
own  choosing. 


MACHINE  DARNING  (II) 


Mending  Lesson  No.  16. 


By  MILDRED  CARNEY,  Cornell  Clothing  Specialist. 


OFTEN  a  new  tablecloth  or  towel  or 
other  article  may  have  a  hole  in  it. 
A  method  of  machine  mending  such  a 
hole  follows: 

1.  Cut  the  hole  square  or  oblong. 

2.  Cut  a  patch  that  fits  the  hole  ex¬ 
actly. 

3.  Place  the  patch  in  the  hole  with 
the  lengthwise  and  crosswise  threads 
running  the  same  way  on  both  patch 
and  article. 

4.  Baste  very  carefully  to  hold  the 
patch  in  place  or  fasten  the  patch  to 
the  article  by  lacing  them  together 
with  the  baseball  stitch.  (Baseball 


FIG.  1. 


•  I  • 


FIG.  2. 


stitch  was  illustrated  in  Lesson  No.  5.) 

5.  Place  material  in  a  hoop,  and 
place  hoop  under  needle. 

6.  This  patch  may  be  stitched  in  sev¬ 
eral  ways.  Stitch  through  the  patch 
lengthwise,  stitching  far  enough  be¬ 
yond  to  make  a  firm  edge.  Then  stitch 
crosswise  in  the  same  way.  (See  Fig. 
1.) 

7.  It  may  be  stitched  only  over  the 
raw  edges,  stitching  lengthwise  and 
then  crosswise.  Stitch  close  together 
for  firmness.  The  corners  will  be 
stitched  twice.  (See  Fig.  2.) 

This  kind  of  a  patch  on  a  tablecloth 
makes  it  possible  to  use  it  on  both 
sides. 


V 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


21  (559) 


AUNT  JANET’S 

fyao&iUe  Recipe  . 

OCTOBER  is  grape  time^  and 
the  dishes  that  can  be  con¬ 
cocted  from  grapes  are  many 
and  luscious.  Surprise  your  fami¬ 
ly  or  friends  with  grape  salad 
jelly. 

GRAPE  SALAD  JELLY 
(Serves  6) 

I  tablespoon  (I  on-  I  cup  grape  juice, 
velope)  unflavored  heated 

gelatin  '/3  cup  sugar 

'/4  cup  cold  water  %  teaspoon  salt 

3  tablespoons  vinegar 

Soak  gelatin  in  cold  water,  dis¬ 
solve  in  hot  grape  juice.  Add 
sugar,  salt  and  vinegar.  Chill 
until  slightly  thickened.  Then 
add  2  cups  mixed,  chopped  vege¬ 
tables  or  1  y2  cups  fruit  carefully 
drained.  (See  suggestions  be¬ 
low.  )  Pour  into  molds,  chill, 
serve  on  lettuce.  Pass  cream 
dressing  made  by  thinning  may¬ 
onnaise  to  the  consistency  of 
cream  by  adding  cream  or  top 
milk. 

Vegetable  Mixture  for  Salad 

'/i  cup  chopped,  %  CUp  chopped  celery 
red  cabbage  I  green  pepper, 

minced  fine 

Beet  and  Apple  Salad 

%  cup  chopped,  %  cup  chopped,  cooked 

peeled  apples  beets 


ANSWERS  TO 
VEGETABLE  QUIZ 

1.  An  acid  in  green  vegetables 
tends  to  destroy  green  color.  Cooking 
with  lid  off  or  in  hard  water  helps  keep 
them  green.  Soda  also  helps  to  keep 
the  green  color  but  reduces  vitamin 
content  and  therefore  is  frowned  upon. 

Red  vegetables  (red  cabbage  and  red 
onion)  need  acid  to  preserve  their  col¬ 
or,  so  add  vinegar.  Beets  “bleed”, 
hence  should  be  cooked  in  their  un¬ 
broken  skins. 

2.  Vegetables  lose  sugars  and  min¬ 
erals  if  soaked  before  cooking;  vita¬ 
mins  are  lost  through  exposure  to  air 
upon  standing.  Therefore  scrub  root 
vegetables  with  brush  before  peeling; 
if  needed,  rinse  cut  pieces  in  running 
water  or  pour  water  through  them. 
Do  not  let  any  vegetables  stand  in 
water,  particularly  cut  ones. 

3.  “Cook  until  tender.”  Age  of  vege¬ 
tables  makes  a  lot  of  difference  in 
cooking  time.  Young  beets  cook  in  35 
to  60  minutes  while  old  ones  require  2 
hours  or  more.  Twenty  to  30  minutes 
are  required  for  lima  beans,  beet  or 
dandelion  greens,  brussels  sprouts, 
broccoli,  carrots,  cauliflower,  chard, 
kale,  and  diced  turnips.  Spinach  takes 
10  to  15  minutes,  summer  squash  15  to 
20  minutes,  Hubbard  squash  35  to  45 
minutes.  White  potatoes  need  35  to 
40  minutes,  sweetpotatoes  30  to  35  min¬ 
utes,  and  string  beans  30  to  40  minutes. 

4.  Cook  no  longer  than  you  have  to, 
use  as  little  water  as  possible  to  get 
vegetable  tender  and  have  it  boiling 
when  vegetable  is  put  in.  Cook  rapidly 
and  serve  cooking  water  with  vege¬ 
tables  or  in  sauces,  gravies,  soups  and 
stews.  This  saves  important  minerals 
as  well  as  flavors.  Never  throw  away 
the  cooking  water.  Try  not  to  stir 
vegetables  while  cooking  nor  sieve  them 
while  hot  as  both  destroy  vitamins. 
Serve  vegetables  as  quickly  as  possible 
after  cooking. 

5.  Green  vegetables  are  a  valuable 
source  of  iron,  yellow  vegetables  of 
vitamin.  Other  important  minerals 
found  in  vegetables  are  iodine,  phos¬ 
phorus,  sulphur,  calcium,  potassium, 
sodium  and  magnesium,  all  of  which 
are  needed  daily  by  the  body.  Iron  is 
Particularly  important  because  many 


diets  do  not  contain  the  amount  re¬ 
quired  daily.  This  results  in  anemia. 
Besides,  vegetables  furnish  bulk,  also 
a  daily  requirement. 


Today  in 
Aunt  Janet's  Garden 


Keep  A-Gardening 

OCTOBER  always  keeps  me  guess¬ 
ing.  I  never  want  to  let  my  plants 
get  nipped  outside;  yet  I  don’t  want  to 
bring  them  in  before  I  have  to.  This 
means  that  I  have  many  a  debate  with 
myself  as  to  whether  this  is  the  very 
last  day  for  them  to  enjoy  life  out¬ 
doors.  Usually  I  have  guessed  right, 
but  probably  some  of  the  plants  I 
brought  inside  would  have  fared  better 
had  I  brought  them  in  sooner. 

Certain  annuals  seem  to  do  better 
than  others  when  potted  up  for  indoor 
bloom.  Seedlings  of  marigolds,  calen¬ 
dulas,  flowering  tobacco,  nasturtiums, 
Impatiens  sultani,  and  snapdragons 
may  be  taken  up  from  the  garden  with 
a  ball  of  soil  and  potted  in  the  usual 
potting  mixture.  They  should  be  kept 


away  from  bright  sunlight  for  a  few 
days  until  they  get  over  the  shock  of 
transplanting.  The  porch  is  a  good 
place  for  this;  at  the  same  time  they 
will  be  getting  accustomed  gradually 
to  indoor  living.  From  chilly  outdoors 
to  a  warm  living  room  is  too  great  a 
change  for  plants.  Any  blooming  plant 
requires  direct  sunlight,  a  few  hours 
every  day. 

Every  year  during  chrysanthemum 
time  I  revel  in  their  warm  response  to 
the  care — sometimes  very  questionable 
— which  I  give  them.  This  year  I 
carried  out  intentions  which  I  had 
fostered  for  2  or  3  years  to  get  some 
newer  varieties.  My  old  ones  had  re¬ 
warded  my  rather  spasmodic  attentions 
with  a  wealth  of  color,  but,  like  every 
woman  who  wants  a  change  now  and 
then,  I  decided  to  put  off  the  old  in 
favor  of  the  new — partially  at  least;  so 
now  the  new  ones  in  my  garden  are: 

White:  Polar  Ice,  Milky  Way;  red: 
Burgundy,  the  Chief,  Santa  Claus,  the 
Moor,  Calif,  Nancy  Copeland,  Red- 
bank;  rose  and  pink  tones:  Cydonia, 
Rose  Glow,  Astrid,  Roberta  Copeland; 
bronze  and  yellow  tones:  Mrs.  Pierre  S. 
DuPont  III,  King  Midas,  Algonquin, 
Autumn  Lights,  Gleam  o’  Gold,  Little 


CLEAR  NIGHT 

By  Blanche  L.  Sweeney. 

I  think  God  has  been  cleaning  house. 
Tonight  there  is  a  fresh  round  moon, 
And  lines  of  clean  white  stars  are 
strung 

Across  the  polished  sky. 


Bob,  Eugene  A.  Wander,  Agnes  S. 
Clark,  Ember,  and  Rapture.  Not  all 
of  these  are  new  introductions  by  any 
means  but  are  new  in  my  garden.  They 
are  all  hardy  in  our  locality.  If  they 
weren’t,  I  would  lift  the  clumps  and 
winter  them  over  in  an  improvised 
coldframe  filled  with  leaves  or  straw. 

And  this  causes  me  to  remark  that 
leaves  are  not  just  a  nuisance  in  the 
garden  when  they  begin  to  fall.  With 
a  little  management  they  may  be  used 
for  mulching,  that  is,  the  oak  and  not 
the  maple  ones.  Any  leaves  not 
diseased  can  be  put  into  the  compost 
pile  or  pit  to  rot  down  and  use  for  top 
dressing  borders  and  lawns.  I  con¬ 
sider  the  compost  pit  my  chief  resource 
for  maintaining  humus  and  a  certain 
amount  of  fertility. 


Your  family’s  food  supply  was 
never  as  important  as  it  is  right  now.  Put 
up  plenty  of  good  home-cured  hams,  bacon, 
sausage.  Do  it  the  easy,  sure  MORTON  WAY. 

Morton’s  Tender-Quick  and  Morton’s  Sugar-Cure  give  a 
fast,  thorough  cure — no  bone  taint — no  under-cured  or 
over-cured  meat — delicious  mild  flavor  from  rind  to  bone. 
A  million  farmers  have  turned  to  this  modern,  BETTER 
way  of  home  meat  curing.  Cure  plenty  this  year.  Pork  is 


Cure  Meat  the  Safe ,  Sure 

MORTON  WAY 


FIRST  .  .  . 

Pump  with  MORTON’S 
TENDER- QUICK.  Dissolve 
Tender-Quick  in  water  to  make 
a  rich,  fast-acting  curing  pic¬ 
kle,  and  pump  this  pickle  in¬ 
to  hams  and  shoulders  along 
the  bones.  This  starts  the  cure 
INSIDE— prevents  bone  taint 
and  under-cured  spots. 


"  We're  keeping  these 
for  our  own 


IkORTOSS 


valuable — don’t  take  chances  on  waste — cure  it  BETTER 
than  ever  before.  Ask  your  dealer  for  MORTON’S 
Tender-Quick,  Sugar-Cure  and  Sausage  Seasoning. 

Finest  Home  Curing-Book  Ever  1A# 
Published  ...  100  pages  .  .  .  postpvud 

More  than  200  pictures,  charts,  diagrams — com¬ 
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lamb — how  to  make  choice  hams,  bacon,  corned 
beef,  smoked  turkey,  sausage. 


Write 


today 


Send 


0c 


THEN  .  .  . 

Rub  with  MORTON’S  SUGAR- 
CURE.  This  complete  sugar  cur¬ 
ing  salt  strikes  in  from  the  out¬ 
side —  gives  a  thorough  cure  and 
rich  wood-smoke  flavor.  Morton’s 
Tender-Quick  and  Sugar- 
Cure,  used  together,  give 
results  you  can  get  in 
no  other  way. 


FOR  DELICIOUS  SAUSAGE  .  .  . 

Use  Morton’s  Sausage  Seasoning.  It  con¬ 
tains  salt,  sage,  peppers,  and  tasty  spices 
— perfectly  blended  and  ready  to  use.  Just 
mix  with  the  meat  and  grind.  No  measur¬ 
ing  or  guesswork  .  .  .  the  same  perfectly 
flavored  sausage  every  time. 


(560)  22 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


OF 


YOU  MEN  . 

FLEISCHMANN'S  YEAST  WITH  THE 
VELLOW  LABEL  IS  THE  ONLY  YEAST  WITH 
VITAMINS  A  AND  D  IN  ADDITION  TO  Bi 
AND  G.  NOT  ONE  OF  THEM  IS  APPRECIABLY 
LOST  IN  THE  OVEN,  EITHER.  THAT'S  WHY 
BREAD  OR  ROLLS  OR 
BUNS  MADE  WITH  j 
FLEISCHMANN'S 
YEAST  HAVE 
VITAMINS  THAT 
NO  OTHER 
YEAST 
GIVES  YOU 


i 


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NOWADAYS  KEEPS  PERFECTLY  IN  THE 
REFRIGERATOR,  SO  WE  CAN  LAY  IN  A  WHOLE 
WEEKS  SUPPLY.  AND  YOU  TWO  ARE  GOING 
TO  BE  GETTING  LOTS  OF  NEW  ROLLS, BUNS 
AND  BREADS  FROM  NOW  ON -BECAUSE 
I’VE  SENT  FOR  FLEISCHMANN'S  BIG  NEW 
RECIPE  BOOK/ 


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MONEY  BACK  GUARANTEE  of 
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The  Farm  Station 
of  New  England 

WKNE 

LISTEN . 

to  your  kind  of  programs 
at  1290  on  your  radio 


PesiA&vuU 


Watch  Your  Conduct 

Dear  Lucile :  I  am  working  away  from 
home  and  have  met  a  nice  young  boy 
who  likes  to  take  trips.  He  has  asked 
to  take  me  to  my  home  for  a  week-end 
visit  sometime.  Also  to  a  near-by  city. 
He  will  make  reservations  at  different 
hotels  for  us,  but  I  don’t  know  if  I  should 
go  or  not.  Also,  should  I  allow  boys  up 
in  my  room  at  the  rooming  house?  There 
is  no  room  where  we  may  meet  our 
dates  and  other  girls  take  them  up,  say¬ 
ing  that  if  it  is  early  enough  and  you 
have  no  other  place  to  go,  it  is  OK.  Is 
this  right? — Laura. 

I  think  it  might  be  all  right  for  you 
to  go  to  your  home  for  a  week-end  and 
invite  this  friend  to  go  with  you,  but 
the  city  week-end  is  out!  It  may  be 
true  that  he  would  make  reservations 
at  separate  hotels  and  conduct  himself 
as  a  perfect  gentleman,  but  nice  girls 
just  couldn’t  do  things  like  this  with¬ 
out  running  a  serious  risk  with  their 
reputations. 

Also,  it  is  against  the  rules  of  good 
— or  safe — conduct  to  invite  boys  to 
your  room.  If  you  have  an  apartment 
or  a  suite  of  rooms  which  include  a 
livingroom,  it  is  permissible,  but  boys 
should  never  be  taken  into  girls’  bed¬ 
rooms.  Most  landladies  will  not  per¬ 
mit  it;  I’d  be  a  little  suspicious  of  one 
who  would. 

It  is  very  commendable  that  you 
want  to  conduct  yourself  properly, 
even  though  away  from  home.  So  long 
as  you  have  this  desire,  you  won’t  go 
very  far  wrong. 

*  *  * 

13- Year-Old  Problems 

Dear  Lucile :  Don’t  you  think  that 
thirteen  is  old  enough  to  go  out? 

What  do  you  think  is  about  the  right 
time  for  a  girl  to  get  in  after  a  date? 

Do  you  think  my  mother  should  read 
my  letters?  I  think  she  has  a  right  to 
know  who  they’re  from,  but  I  don’t  like 
to  have  her  read  them  (sometimes  before 
I,  myself,  have  read  them.)  It’s  very 
tiresome  to  find  my  mail  opened.  My 
mother  doesn’t  want  me  to  open  hers 
and  I  don’t.  I  have  nothing  against  her 
reading  them,  but  I  wish  she  would  ask 
first. 

I  have  pimples  and  blackheads  on  my 
face.  I  wish  I  could  get  rid  of  them.  I 
feel  I  would  be  more  popular  if  I  didn’t 
have  them.  What  would  you  suggest  my 
doing? 

My  family  always  listens  to  the  calls 
I  make  or  get  on  the  telephone.  I 
wouldn’t  care,  but  it  seems  like  I  don’t 
have  any  private  life.  As  soon  as  the 
telephone  rings,  everyone  jumps  and 
everyone  wants  to  know  who  it  was  and 
what  they  said!  Don’t  you  think  this  is 
a  little  “nosey”? 

Don’t  you  think  my  mother  and  sisters 
should  knock  when  they  enter  my  bed¬ 
room.  I  am  13  and  object  to  their  com¬ 
ing  in  without  knocking.  My  mother  and 
sisters  laugh  at  me.  My  mother  suggest¬ 
ed  I  write  you  about  these  problems.  I 
hope  you  can  give  me  some  valuable  in¬ 
formation.  Thank  you. — Patsy. 

I  will  try  to  answer  your  questions 
in  the  order  which  you  offered  them, 
since  your  mother  has  suggested  that 
you  write  me.  Ordinarily,  I  would  say 
they  are  all  simple  enough  for  you  and 
she  to  figure  out  between  yourselves. 

First:  Most  modern  girls  have  oc¬ 
casional  school  or  picnic  dates  when 
they  are  13.  I  think  a  girl  that  age  is 
too  young  to  have  a  steady  boy  friend. 
But,  if  she  is  with  a  nice  boy,  in  a 
nice  crowd  and  her  mother  knows 
where  she  is  and  what  she’s  supposed 
to  be  doing,  group  dates  might  be  al¬ 
lowed. 

During  school  nights,  I  think  a  girl 
should  be  home  from  dates  by  10:30 
...  11:00  at  the  latest.  She  might  be 
allowed  midnight  on  week-ends.  If  she 
dates  often  during  the  summer,  the 


ptiohUmA 


early  hour  is  best,  so  she  can  get  the 
proper  rest  to  do  her  work  well  the 
following  day. 

I  do  not  think  a  mother  has  any 
right  to  open  a  girl’s  letters  without 
her  consent,  no  matter  what  the  girl’s 
age.  Parents  should  respect  the  rights 
of  their  children,  as  they  expect  their 
own  rights  to  be  respected.  As  to 
telephone  calls,  it  is  pretty  hard  to 
keep  faAiily  interest  out  of  them.  I 
do  not  think  they  should  make  them¬ 
selves  unpleasant  over  the  matter,  how¬ 
ever.  No  girl  is  obligated  to  repeat 
her  telephone  conversations.  At  13, 
your  mother  still  thinks  of  you  as  a 
little  girl  no  doubt,  and  feels  free  to 
enter  your  room  as  she  has  always 
done.  However,  if  it  is  a  sensitive 
point  with  you,  perhaps  she  should  re¬ 
spect  your  feelings  and  indicate  her 
presence  before  she  enters. 

Your  skin  troubles  are  probably 
caused  by  the  age  period  which  you 
are  in.  Many  girls  your  age  have 
pimples  but  they  clear  up  in  a  few 
years.  Keeping  the  skin  as  clean  as 
possible,  watching  your  diet  and  diges¬ 
tion,  getting  enough  rest  and  sleep  are 
the  best  treatments. 

.  *  *  * 

Get  Legal  Advice 

Dear  Lucile :  I  have  been  married  over 
two  years,  have  two  children  and  am  20 
years  old.  My  husband  and  I  have  never 
gotten  along,  as  he  used  to  drink  and 
now  he  runs  after  other  women.  He  is 
in  love  with  a  neighbor  woman,  aged  17, 
mother  of  one  child  and  another  on  the 
way.  Her  husband  and  I  have  decided 
we’d  as  well  get  out  and  let  them  have 
each  other. 

I  want  to  take  my  oldest  child  and 
leave  the  baby  with  my  husband’s  moth¬ 
er.  He  doesn’t  want  me  to  leave.  I  have 
told  him  I  wouldn’t  if  he  would  be  good 
to  me  (he  beats  me)  and  leave  this  other 
woman  alone.  He  won’t  do  it.  What 
should  I  do  ?— Worried  Wife. 

Get  good  legal  counsel  before  leav¬ 
ing,  else  your  husband  may  sue  you 
for  desertion  and  make  it  hard  for  you 
to  get  any  support  from  him  for  the 
children.  Think  of  their  welfare,  first. 
I  take  it  that  there  is  no  interest  be¬ 
tween  you  and  the  “other  woman’s” 
husband.  I  hope  not  .  .  .  things-  are 
messy  enough,  as  they  are. 

*  *  * 

Invite  Him 

Dear  Lucile :  I  like  a  boy  in  high  school 
very  much,  but  he  won’t  have  much  to  do 
with  me  because  he’s  afraid  of  being 
kidded,  I  think.  Our  friends  tease  him. 
Would  it  be  proper  for  me  to  invite  him 
to  a  picnic? — Betty. 

Yes.  Word  your  invitation  tactfully, 
so  he  can  get  out  of  it  without  caus¬ 
ing  you  and  himself  embarrassment,  if 
he  wants  to. 


“What  have  you  got  in  a  per¬ 
fume  that  will  attract  a  girl  het- 
ter’n  jelly  beans  V3 


23  (561) 


Ai  terican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


Double  the  Life  of  Your 

MEN  FOLKS’  SLITS 


THE  following  tips  on  how  to  make 
men’s  and  boys’  suits  last  twice  as 
long  come  from  a  man  who  knows. 
He  is  Mr.  Byron  Nelson,  one  of  the 
managers  of  a  successful  dry-cleaning 
and  clothes  repairing  establishment  at 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Mr.  Nelson  gave  these 
tips  to  a  large  group  of  Tompkins 
County  (N.  Y.)  Home  Bureau  mem¬ 
bers. 

7.  Patching.  Watch  for  thinning  of 
garments  at  points  of  wear.  Hold  up 
to  the  light  to  detect  thin  places.  Seat 
of  trousers  and  knees  wear  out  from 
the  inside,  and  should  be  reinforced  be¬ 
fore  they  wear  through.  Use  silk  to 
reinforce  with,  as  it  is  not  bulky.  Patch 
must  be  long  enough  to  come  well 
above  and  below  the  knee,  and  care¬ 
fully  sewed  by  hand  so  that  it  is  not 
noticeable  from  outside.  On  an  old 
pair  of  work  pants,  thin  spot  in  seat 
can  be  reinforced  by  machine  stitching 
up  and  down  across  patched  area, 
using  mercerized  thread  to  match. 

2.  Sleeves.  To  repair  frayed  edges, 
shorten  enough  to  remove  worn  edge. 
Or  you  can  make  a  seam  at  edge,  and 
face  with  some  other  material  if  you 
have  none  to  match. 

3.  Underarm.  Use  a  shield-shaped 
patch  here  to  replace  worn  spot  in  lin¬ 
ing.  If  perspiration  is  a  problem,  use 
a  rubber  shield  and  cover  it  with  lin¬ 
ing  material. 

4.  Collar.  If  worn  along  crease,  rip 
up,  raise  from  neckline  enough  to  cut 


away  worn  line  at  crease,  and  then 
make  a  seam  where  crease  was. 

5.  Trouser  cuffs.  “Interference”  often 
causes  wear  at  inner  sides  of  cuffs.  To 
repair,  reverse  cuff  (or  cut  off  and  fin¬ 
ish  in  the  new  cuffless  fashion).  Use 
heel  stays  (made  of  any  material  you 
happen  to  have)  to  strengthen  frayed 
trouser  edges,  both  front  and  back. 

6.  Pocket  edges.  Rip  and  turn  under 
from  14  in.  to  y2  in.  where  frayed. 

7.  Seat  of  trousers.  When  too  badly 
worn  to  patch,  you  can  use  the  vest  to 
make  a  new  seat. 

8.  Pants’  pocket  lining.  If  a  small 
hole  in  bottom  of  pocket,  just  stitch 
across  bottom  of  pocket  and  eliminate 
hole.  If  badly  worn,  put  a  whole  new 
tip  on  pocket,  about  2  or  3  inches  in 
length.  If  pocket  is  completely  gone, 
put  in  a  new  one,  using  a  heavy  duck 
material. 

Mr.  Nelson  showed  the  group  a 
pair  of  boy’s  trousers  which  had  been 
badly  torn  at  the  knee  but  mended  so 
that  they  looked  like  new.  The  job 
was  done  by  ripping  along  seams  from 
knee  to  cuff,  raising  the  material  from 
bottom  of  cuff,  machine  stitching  a 
horizontal  seam  where  tear  had  been, 
and  finally  face  cuff  with  material 
which  had  been  cut  off  when  the  pants 
were  bought  and  shortened.  A  good 
pressing  job  made  the  mend  invisible. 

And  speaking  of  pressing,  it’s  the 
final  touch  which  helps  to  make  the 
repair  job  a  complete  success. 


"DAWN  AND  DESTINY” 


About  a  year  ago,  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  announced  a  contest.  Dexter 
Davison,  a  talented  musician  of  Rut¬ 
land,  Vermont,  proposed  writing  a 
symphony  in  honor  of  American  Agri¬ 
culturist’s  hundred  years  of  service; 
and  we  offered  a  prize  for  a  name  for 
this  symphony.  .The  prize-winning 
title,  presented  by  Mrs.  G.  Lawson 
Clark  of  Claremont,  New  Hampshire, 
was  “America’s  Dawn  and  Destiny.” 

With  the  help  of  Gordon  Thomas, 
New  England  Circulation  Manager  for 
American  Agriculturist ,  the  symphony 
was  completed  and  the  premier  per¬ 
formance  was  given  on  August  27  at 
Rutland,  Vermont,  with  the  proceeds 
going  to  the  USO  for  the  benefit  of  our' 
boys  in  the  armed  forces. 

The  first  part  of  the  symphony  or 


pageant  portrays  the  pioneer  spirit — 
the  urge  for  freedom  that  discovered, 
settled,  and  built  America.  The  sec¬ 
ond  movement  reflects  the  colonial 
home.  The  final  scene  shows  America 
going  forward  triumphantly  to  fulfill 
her  destiny. 

Among  those  who  saw  the  first  per¬ 
formance  were  the  Governor  and  Lieu¬ 
tenant-Governor  of  Vermont.  Repre¬ 
sentatives  of  motion  pictures  were 
present,  and  there  is  a  distinct  possi¬ 
bility  that  “Dawn  and  Destiny”  will  be 
filmed. 

We  know  that  you  will  join  with  the 
staff  of  American  Agriculturist  in  our 
heartiest  congratulations  to  Dexter 
Davison  who  composed  the  music  and 
to  Gordon  Thomas  who  wrote  the 
words. 


Wait  a  minute!  Don’t  throw  out  that, old  chair.  Maybe  it  still  has  some  life  in  it, 
1‘ke  the  pieces  of  furniture  in  this  picture  which  were  made  “as  good  as  new”  by 
UH  Club  members  at  the  recent  New  York  State  Junior  Fair  at  Cortland,  N.  Y. 
ln  a  demonstration  which  they  put  on  for  Fair-goers,  these  4-H’ers  reupholstered 
furniture,  reseated  and  repainted  chairs,  and  in  general  added  years  to  the  life  and 
usefulness  of  any  article  they  went  to  work  on.  Their  slogan  is,  “Shorten  the  war 
ky  making  what  you  have  last  longer  and  thus  freeing  men,  materials  and  machin- 
er>’  for  vital  war  needs!” 

Left  to  right:  Laurene  Sprague  of  Chautauqua  County,  N.  Y.;  Donald  Jerge  of 
dasport,  Niagara  County;  Edna  Allen,  Penn  Yan,  Yates  County;  Marion  Silsby,  of 
the  State  4-H  Club  office  at  Ithaca;  Margaret  Doyle,  Sodus,  Wayne  County;  and 
June  Sellan,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


BeHIND  the  fighter  stands  the  farmer.  Behind 
the  Army  in  the  field  stands  the  army  in  the 
fields  —  the  fertile  fields  that  yield  the  foods 
America  needs  to  keep  the  nation  strong. 

Karo  Syrup  is  a  vita!  energy  food.  The  Army,  the 
Navy  and  the  workers  at  home  thrive  on  its  bounty, 
enjoy  its  flavor,  demand  its  nutritional  quality. 

Karo  Syrup  plants  are  working  24  hours  a 
day,  every  do y,  to  keep  pace  with  America's 
call  for  this  great  food  product. 


A  FIRST  LINE  F00 


SE  AGAINST  FATIGUE 


V. 


RICH  IN 

DEXTRINS,  MALTOSE  and  DEXTROSE  Food-Energy  Sugar 


(562)  24- 


JKfffJ 


.  B. 

SKEFFinGTOn 


nOTEBOOK 


NEVER  have  I  found  so  much  re¬ 
sentment  among  farmers  as  that 
stirred  up  by  the  President’s  Labor 
Day  message.  Further  expressed  op¬ 
position  of  the  administration  to  in¬ 
cluding  farm  wages  in  the  parity  index 
has  left  many  farmers  puzzled.  “Oft 
the  one  hand  we  are  asked  to  produce 
more  food,  and  on  the  other  we  are 
told  that  labor  is  not  a  proper  cost”, 
said  one  man.  His  words  were  echoed 
by  almost  every  one  I  met. 

The  farm  labor  problem  is  far  from 
being  solved  this  year.  A  few  days 
ago  farmers  read  a  statement  by  Sec¬ 
retary  Wickard  to  the  effect  that  it 
would  be  worse  next  year.  The  only 
hope  he  offered,  as  a  farmer  put  it, 
was  that  some  form  of  labor  draft 
might  be  considered.  But  farmers 
wonder  if  farm  labor  is  to  be  conscript¬ 
ed  will  it  be  at  wages  less  than  paid  in 
industry?  And  will  industrial  labor 
be  conscripted  also  ? 

In  a  telegram  to  Senator  Mead, 
Frank  W.  Beneway,  chairman  of  the 
Wayne  County  Farm  Bureau,  pointed 
out  that  “fair  prices  and  ability  to  pay 
wages  are  the  crux  of  farmers’  ability 
to  produce  food  for  the  armed  forces 
and  for  the  civilian  population.  Favor¬ 
able  weather  has  enabled  us  to  get 
good  crops  this  year,  but  the  combi¬ 
nation  of  just  normal  weather  and  the 
labor  situation  definitely  threatens  our 
food  supply  next  year.” 

Chamber  Backs  Farmers 

Charges  are  made  by  politicians  and 
some  city  persons  that  farmers  are 
selfish  and  grasping  in  the  price  fight. 
To  such  persons  it  may  be  a  surprise 
that  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the 
United  States  is  supporting  the  pro¬ 
gram  of  the  United  farm  organiza¬ 
tions  for  inclusion  of  farm  wages  in 
the  price  formula. 

Harper  Sibley,  former  president  of 
the  U.  S.  Chamber  and  a  member  of 
its  agricultural  committee,  conferred 
several  times  with  Edward  A.  O’Neal, 
president  of  the  American  Farm  Bu¬ 
reau  Federation;  Albert  S.  Goss,  mas¬ 
ter  of  the  National  Grange,  and  H.  E. 
Babcock,  president  of  the  National 
Council  of  Farmer  Cooperatives.  He 
expressed  pleasure  that  the  national 
farm  groups  have  come  together  on  a 
united  and  cooperative  program.  The 
U.  S.  Chamber  sent  telegrams  to  every 
local  Chamber  of  Commerce  in  the 
United  States  urging  them  to  get  in 
touch  with  legislators  at  Washington 
and  “support  the  reasonable  request 
that  farm  labor  be  considered  in  the 
price  program.” 

Sibley  said  “one  of  these  years  we 
are  not  going  to  have  such  favorable 
weather  across  the  country,  and  then 
farm  production  will  be  put  to  it  to 
meet  the  needs  of  the  war  emergency. 
If  labor  is  drained  away  from  the 
farms  by  high  wages  on  various  gov¬ 
ernment  projects  and  by  war  indus¬ 
tries  the  result  will  be  really  serious.” 

*  *  * 

To  Expand  Stock  Shipping 

In  the  last  issue,  an  item  told  about 
the  work  of  the  Wayne  County  Live 
Stock  Shippers’  Association.  The  oth¬ 
er  night  G.L.F.  agents  and  committee¬ 
men  from  Wayne  and  parts  of  adjoin¬ 


ing  counties  met  at  Palmyra  to  see 
how  the  idea  may  be  developed  further. 
A  truck  has  been  making  three  trips  a 
week  hauling  live  stock  to  the  Produc¬ 
ers  Live  Stock  Commission  Association 
at  Buffalo  and  bringing  return  loads 
of  feed  to  the  G.L.F.  at  Clyde. 

Other  local  agencies  wish  to  get  in 
on  the  deal.  An  expanded  live  stock 
industry  is  in  sight  in  Wayne  County 
and  prices  received  at  Buffalo  are  re¬ 
ported  by  shippers  to  be  considerably 
better  than  received  in  local  markets. 
Plans  are  to  be  worked  out  to  haul 
more  stock  and  likewise  to  haul  more 
feed  or  other  supplies  on  the  return 
trips.  J.  D.  Ameele  of  Williamson  pre¬ 
sided  and  numerous  shippers  told  of 
their  entire  satisfaction  with  the  work 
of  the  association. 

Peach  Deal  Pleases 

Thanks  to  the  Western  New  York 
Peach  Marketing  Association,  the 
peach  crop  moved  rapidly  at  good 
prices.  The  four-county  map  showing 
location  of  growers  proved  a  conveni¬ 
ence  to  truckers  and  buyers.  Chain 
stores  cooperated  by  special  campaigns. 
This  was  the  fourth  year  of  organized 
cooperation  between  the  growers  and 
the  distributors  and  has  more  than 
justified  the  effort  which  has  been  put 
into  it. 

Prices  and  demand  for  apples  so  far 
indicate  a  good  movement,  although  at 
this  writing  growers  have  a  lot  of 
picking  to  do.  Canneries  and  evapor¬ 
ators  are  expected  to  take  an  enormous 
amount  of  the  fruit.  The  dried-apple 
purchase  program  for  the  armed  forces 
and  lend-lease  is  counted  upon  to  take 
much,  if  not  all,  of  the  usual  early- 
season  slack  out  of  the  market.  A 
number  of  small  dryhouses  that  have 
not  operated  for  years  will  be  in  the 
running  this  year. 

*  *  * 

Iii  Sfcrap  Drive 

William  J.  Rich,  master  of  the  State 
Grange,  and  Chester  DuMond,  presi¬ 
dent  of  the  State  Farm  Bureau  Fed¬ 
eration,  are  urging  farmers  to  make 
a  special  effort  to  turn  over  any  scrap 
metal  on  their  farms  in  the  current 
salvage  drive.  The  War  Production 
Board  has  pointed  out  the  serious 
need  to  get  the  scrap  into  production 
of  war  needs.  Governor  Lehman  has 
called  upon  town  boards  and  other 
local  agencies  of  government  to  see 
that  the  scrap  is  moved. 

— a.  a. — 

FUTURE  FARMERS’  FAIR 

At  the  New  York  State  Junior  Fair 
at  Cortland,  Future  Farmers  held  their 
16th  Annual  Speaking  Contest.  Law¬ 
rence  Hamilton  of  Albion,  whose  sub¬ 
ject  was  “Give  Us  a  Chance”,  took 
first  place.  Second  was  Albert  Wright 
of  Homer  who  discussed  “Soil  Erosion 
— Enemy  of  the  American  People.” 
Third  place  went  to  Robert  Mason  of 
Ontario  whose  subject  was  “Watch¬ 
man,  What  of  the  Night?” 

Officers  of  the  State  Association 
were  elected  as  follows:  Ronald  Bur¬ 
rows,  Brier  Hill,  President;  Gerald 
Surman,  Machias,  1st  Vice-President; 


Ar  erican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


Philip  Comings,  Afton,  2nd  Vice-Presi¬ 
dent;  Bruce  Widger,  Churchville,  Sec¬ 
retary-Treasurer;  Raymond  Roberts, 
Remsen,  Reporter. 

Fourteen  Future  Farmers  of  Am¬ 
erica  Chapters  exhibited  dairy  herd  im¬ 
provement  records.  Judging  consist¬ 
ed  of  Chapters’  being  divided  into  three 
groups  — •  “Superior”,  “Excellent”,  and 
“Good”  —  as  follows :  Superior — West 
Leyden,  Lowville,  Brier  Hill,  Boonville, 
Fort  Plain.  Excellent — Clinton,  Gil- 
bertsville,  Ithaca,  Scio,  Skaneateles. 
Good — Brookfield,  Fillmore,  Whitney 
Point,  Pine  Plains. 

Judging  contests  were  held  in  poul¬ 
try,  dairy  cattle,  and  farm  crops,  with 
over  thirty  contestants  in  each  con¬ 
test.  Individual  prizes  were  given  in 
groups  of  five.  The  five  highest  boys 
received  $5.00;  second  five,  $4.00;  third 
five,  $3.00;  and  the  remainder  $2.00. 

Clayton  Bowker  of  Dryden  topped 
the  poultry  judges,  Van  Simons  of 
Berne-Knox  was  first  in  cattle  judging, 
and  Robert  Clauson  of  Goshen  led  con¬ 
testants  in  farm  crops. 

— a.  a. — 

A.A.-GRANGE  DREAD 
CONTEST  WINNERS 

HE  following  names  of  Pomona 
and  Subordinate  Grange  Bread 
Contest  winners  have  been  reported  to 
us  since  our  last  issue: 


Pomona  Winners 


COUNTY 

GRANGE 

WINNER 

Allegany 

Genesee  Valley 

Mrs. 

Olive  C.  Graves 

Clinton 

Mooers 

Mrs. 

Eva  Boire 

Delaware 

Walton 

Mrs. 

W.  H.  Hansen 

Erie 

Griffins  Mills 

Mrs. 

Charles  Dersam 

Franklin 

Malone 

Mrs. 

Robert  E.  Brady 

Lewis 

Denmark 

Mrs. 

A.  E.  Schantz 

Monroe 

Ogden 

Mrs. 

Charles  Wyland 

Oswego 

Pulaski 

Marion  Hollis 

Otsego 

East  Springfield 

Mrs. 

Gladys  Grey 

Putnam 

Glenida 

Mrs. 

Harold  Baxter 

Schuyler 

Searsburg 

Mrs. 

DeWitt  Bower 

Seneca 

Rose  Hill 

Mrs. 

Orville  Covert 

Suffolk 

Southampton 

Mrs. 

Stephen  P.  Burnett 

Sullivan 

Liberty 

Mrs. 

Harry  Stalker 

Ulster 

H  urley 

Mrs. 

Chester  Decker 

Wayne 

Walworth 

Mrs. 

Daniel  Dayton 

Wyoming 

Warsaw 

Mrs. 

Blanche  Duschen 

Subordinate  Grange 

Winners 

Cattaraugus 

Farmersville 

Mrs. 

Jennie  Arnold 

Chemung 

Big  Flats 

Mrs. 

Herbert  Hammond 

Chenango 

Coventry 

Mrs. 

Alice  Ingersoll 

Columbia 

Johnstown 

Mrs. 

Lillian  Coons 

Madison 

New  Woodstock 

Mabel  Elmore 

Owahgena 

Mrs. 

J.  T.  Westbay 

Monroe 

Ogden- 

Mrs. 

Charles  Wyland 

Webster 

Mrs. 

Mary  Fencht 

Onondaga 

Ba'dwinsville 

Mrs. 

Clifford  Crego 

Ontario 

Wide  Awake 

Mrs. 

James  Richmond 

Oswego 

Pulaski 

Marion  Hollis 

Saratoga 

Half  Moon 

Mrs. 

William  Crotty 

Schuyler 

T  ownsend 

Mrs. 

Edith  Berry 

Suffolk 

Southampton 

Mrs. 

Stephen  P.  Burnett 

Tioga 

Candor 

Mrs. 

Oliver  Johnson 

Newark  Valley 

Mrs. 

Nettie  Dodson 

Tompkins 

Danby 

Mrs. 

Theron  Hough 

Washington 

Mettowee 

Edith 

Cary 

Wayne 

Sod  us 

Mrs. 

Edward  Baker 

South  Shore 

Mrs. 

Monro  J.  Cass 

Wyoming 

North  Java 

Mrs. 

Mary  Armbrust 

Mrs.  YV.  H.  Hansen  of  Walton,  N.  Y., 
first  prize  winner  in  the  Delaware  County 
Pomona  Bread  Contest,  in  which  ten 
Subordinate  Grange  winners  competed. 
Mrs.  Hansen  is  a  member  of  Walton 
Grange  and  will  represent  her  Grange 
and  County  in  the  final  state  contest  in 
December. 


I  WGY  Form  j 

j  ^llpp  PROGRAMS  j 

Daily  except  Sunday,  12:31  p.  m.,  N.  Y. 
State  Wholesale  Produce  Markets. 

Daily  exc.  Sat.  and  Sun.,  6:15  p.  m.,  N. 
Y.  City  YVholesale  Produce  Market. 

Monday  only,  12:31  p.  m..  Metropolitan 
Milk  Market  Report. 

This  schedule  subject  to  change  without 
notice. 

Monday,  October  12th 
12:35 — “Wood  in  Wartime”,  Prof.  Ray¬ 
mond  J.  Hoyle  and  Prof.  F.  E.  Carlson. 

12:45 — “The  Family  and  Winning  the 
War”,  Dr.  W.  H.  Hartley. 

Tuesday,  October  13th 
12:35 — “Is  This  is  a  Dairymen’s  Para¬ 
dise?”  M.  C.  Bond. 

12:45 — Homemaker’s  Council,  “What  is 
a  Good  Cook?” 

Wednesday,  October  14th 
12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“What  a  Well-Equipped  Farm  Shop  Will 
Have”,  Ed  W.  Mitchell. 

12 :45 — Countryside  Talk,  Ray  F.  Pol¬ 
lard. 

Thursday,  October  15th 
12:35 — “Dairy  Breeding  Thrbugh  Bull 
Associations”,  G.  A.  Woodruff. 

12:45 — “Van  Aernam’s  Scrapbook.” 

Friday,  October  16th 
12:35— (FS  A). 

12:45 — “Giving  Harvest  Prospects  the 
Once  Over”,  R.  L.  sGillett. 

8:30— WGY  Farm  Forum. 

Saturday,  October  17th 
12:35 — WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “4-H’ers 
Bring  Home  the  Bacon”,  Bruce  Buchanan. 

12 :45 — A  Primer  of  Good  Government. 
“The  Sheriff”,  Montgomery  Pomona 
Grange. 

3Tonday,  October  19th 

12 :35 — Dramette — AAA. 

12:45 — “Rural  Education  in  the  News”, 
Francis  E.  Griffin. 

Tuesday,  October  20tli 

12:35 — “A  Health  Program  for  Cows”, 
C.  G.  Bradt. 

12:45 — Homemaker’s  Council,  “Living 
in  the  Dark.” 

Wednesday,  October  21st 
12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“Milking  Cows  on  Empty  Space”,  Ed  W. 
Mitchell. 

12:45 — Countryside  Talk,  Bristow 
Adams. 

Thursday,  October  22nd 
12:35 — “Vegetables  in  the  Deferred 
Class”,  C.  C.  DuMond,  Jr. 

12 i45 — “Van  Aernam’s  Scrapbook.” 

Friday,  October  23 
12:35— N.  Y.  S.  U.S.D.A.  War  Board. 
12:45 — “Crops,  Markets,  and  Prices”, 
H  D.  Phillips. 

8:30— WGY  Farm  Forum. 

Saturday,  October  24th 
12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “Till  the 
Doctor  Comes”,  Delaware  County  (N.  Y.) 
4-H  Clubs. 

12:45 — A  Primer  of  Good  Government, 
“The  County  Judge”,  Green  Pomona 
Grange. 

STUDENTS  DO 
FARM  WORK 

The  experience  of  the  Geneva  (New 
York)  High  School  in  supplying  harv¬ 
est  workers  may  be  helpful  to  other 
sections.  The  High  School  is  running 
on  a  one-session  basis  so  the  boys  and 
girls  can  get  out  early  in  the  after¬ 
noon.  Oliver  Watkins,  the  teacher  of 
agriculture,  is  in  charge  of  the  pro¬ 
gram. 

Farmers  who  need  help  come  to  the 
school  and  get  the  youngsters  to  pick 
apples  and  tomatoes,  to  harvest  beets, 
and  for  other  work  as  the  occasion 
arises.  Most  of  the  time  enough  young¬ 
sters  are  available  to  fill  the  demand 
for  farm  help.  Others  are  working 
regularly  in  the  village. 

Mr.  Watkins  states  that  about  70% 
of  high  school  students  in  Geneva  are 
working  regularly  afternoons.  To  en¬ 
courage  the  students,  he  has  a  supply 
of  three  different  kinds  of  farm  volun¬ 
teer  buttons.  The  first  one  is  given 
when  a  boy  or  girl  works  four  after¬ 
noons  on  a  farm.  These  are  exchanged 
for  others  as  additional  time  is  put  in- 
In  addition  to  the  money  earned,  each 
student  who  works,  either  on  a  farm 
or  in  the  city  can  have  a  sense  of  pride 
in  the  fact  that  he  is  replacing  a 
man  who  is  serving  his  country  in  the 
armed  forces  or  in  industry. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 

1 


25  (  563) 


Market  lianxunetesi 


A  MARKET  FOR  CABBAGE 

ON  PAGE  11  of  the  last  issue  we 
told  you  the  plan  to  subsidize  the 
packing  of  sauerkraut  in  barrels.  The 
news  came  just  as  we  went  to  press,  so 
here  are  a  few  more  details. 

The  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture 
will  subsidize  packers  of  kraut  in  bar¬ 
rels  to  the  extent  of  $1.00  a  barrel 
where  producers  are  paid  $7.50  for  cab¬ 
bage.  Packers  are  guaranteed  a  mar¬ 
ket  for  any  kraut  that  is  not  disposed 
of  through  regular  trade  channels  by 
March  1,  to  be  purchased  for  Army  use 
at  14c  a  gallon.  This  program  is  for 
Domestic  cabbage,  the  Department  in¬ 
dicating  that  something  will  be  done  at 
a  later  date  to  relieve  the  Danish  cab¬ 
bage  situation  if  it  seems  necessary. 
Chain  stores  are  contributing  toward 
the  success  of  the  venture  by  using 
every  effort  to  push  the  sale  of  bulk 
kraut. 

Back  of  the  program  is  the  idea  that, 
with  a  possible  shortage  of  food  in 
1943,  every  effort  should  be  made  to 
prevent  spoilage  of  this  year’s  crops. 

The  program  was  arranged  at  a 
meeting  in  Washington  on  September 
15.  New  York  State  growers  were 
represented  by  Bruce  Jones  and  An¬ 
drew  Muckle  of  Ontario  County  and 
Maurice  Bond  of  the  State  College  of 
Agriculture.  There  were  no  grower 
representatives  from  other  states,  but 
kraut  packers  were  there  from  several 
states,  and  the  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture  was  represented  by  Bill  Meal. 

Growers  had  figures  to  show  that 
the  average  cost  of  producing  a  ton  of 
cabbage  is  about  $8.00.  Packers  want¬ 
ed  to  set  the  price  at  $6.00  a  ton,  but 
finally  agreed  to  the  Department’s  pro¬ 
posal;  and  at  a  later  meeting  of  can- 
ners  at  Rochester,  the  plan  was  ap¬ 
proved  and  most  packers  indicated 
that  they  will  take  advantage  of  it. 
The  growers  at  Washington  accepted 
the  idea,  subject  to  the  approval  of 
growers  which  was  given  at  a  well- 
attended  meeting  at  Geneva  on  Sep¬ 
tember  24. 

There  is  no  question  but  that  pack¬ 
ers  will  put  up  from  30,000  to  35,000 
more  tons  of  kraut  in  New  York  State 
than  they  otherwise  would  have  hand¬ 
led,  and  the  total  for  all  states  may 
reach  55,000  or  60,000  tons.  It  is  any¬ 
body’s  guess  what  this  will  mean  in 
dollars  to  western  New  York  cabbage 
growers,  but  $100,000  is  certainly  a 
conservative  estimate. 

Last  spring  western  New  York  cab¬ 
bage  growers  met  and  decided  that,  in 
view  of  the  situation,  acreage  should 
be  cut.  It  was  cut  about  30%,  but  Old 
Man  Weather  intervened,  giving  a 
crop  of  about  74,000  tons  compared  to 
89,000  tons  last  year.  Last  year  about 
19,000  tons  of  Domestic  cabbage  in 
western  New  York  was  not  made  into 
kraut,  and  it  is  believed  that  the 
amount  will  be  about  the  same  this  year. 

To  avoid  the  possibility  that  some 
growers  would  be  able  to  sell  all  of 
their  cabbage  and  others  find  no  mar¬ 
ket,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  al¬ 
locate  the  market  and  give  everyone  a 
fair  chance  if  the  situation  warrants  it. 

Some  Domestic  cabbage  has  been 
sold  for  market.  Truckers  from  the 
South  coming  into  Ontario  County 
have  paid  around  $15.00,  but  they  want 
only  heads  of  moderate  size. 

The  men  who  worked  on  this  pro¬ 
gram  deserve  all  sorts  of  credit.  While 
many  were  involved,  those  in  the  front 
line  included  Andrew  Muckle,  Bruce 
Jones,  Maurice  Bond,  and  Assistant 
County  Agent  Leader  Dick  Fricke. 
BEETS.  The  beet  situation  was  al¬ 


so  discussed  at  the  meeting.  A  limited 
amount  of  tin  has  been  allocated  for 
canning  beets.  The  1942  New  York 
State  production  is  estimated  at  about 
41,000  tons,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  the 
present  allocation  of  tin  will  take  care 
of  half  the  crop.  Again,  based  on  the 
idea  that  the  Department  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  is  anxious  that  no  food  be  wasted, 
there  is  a  belief  that  additional  tin  will 
be  provided.  On  this  basis,  it  was 
recommended  that  growers  should  not 
accept  ruinous  prices  in  an  attempt  to 
get  something  out  of  the  crop.  The 
price  of  $3.50  per  case  for  No.  10  cans 
(which  is  the  price  being  paid  for  can¬ 
ned  beets  for  the  Army)  would  justify 
paying  producers  $20.00  per  ton.  Re¬ 
ports  were  given  that  in  a  few  cases 
b&ets  have  been  bought  recently  for  as 
low  as  $10.00  a  ton. 


— a.  a. — 


DEALERS  APPEAL 
DENIED 

As  told  in  a  recent  issue,  Ne^v  York 
City  milk  dealers  are  complaining  over 
the  “squeeze”  as  a  result  of  increased 
prices  to  producers  for  Class  I  milk 
and  the  freezing  of  milk  prices  to  the 
consumer.  Dealers  appealed  to  the  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture  that  recent  in¬ 
creases  to  producers  be  set  aside  or 
impounded  until  some  plan  for  their 
relief  could  be  worked  out.  The  obvi¬ 
ous  idea  behind  this  was  the  possibility 
that  eventually  this  increase  might  be 
kept  from  producers. 

Secretary  Wickard  denied  this  ap¬ 
peal  on  the  ground  that  it  could  not  be 
granted  without  suspending  parts  of 
the  Milk  Marketing  Order  for  the 
metropolitan  area,  which  would  in  ef¬ 


fect  nullify  the  entire  Order.  The  Sec¬ 
retary  also  stated  that  prevailing  prices 
to  producers  do  not  seem  excessive  in 
view  of  their  costs. 

Secretary  Wickard  also  stated  that 
the  Department  of  Agriculture  and  the 
O.P.A.  were  working  on  some  plan  to 
relieve  the  situation. 

BETTER 

Storage  stocks  of  butter  on  Septem¬ 
ber  1  were  54,000,000  below  September 
1  a  year  ago,  but  9,000,000  above  the 
average  on  that  date  for  the  years 
1935  to  1939. 

Butter  production  about  the  middle 
of  October  was  down  5%,  and  total 
production  for  the  week  ending  Sep¬ 
tember  17  was  2%  below  the  corre¬ 
sponding  week  in  1941. 

—a.  a. — 

EGGS  AND  POULTRY 

There  is  every  reason  to  believe  that 
egg  prices  will  continue  relatively 
favorable  to  producers. 

In  the  month  of  August,  production 
of  dried  eggs  in  this  country  totaled 
nearly  21,000,000  lbs.,  as  compared  to 
less  than  3,000,000  lbs.  in  August  a 
year  ago.  On  September  1,  storage 
holdings  of  frozen  eggs  totaled  272,- 
231,000  lbs.,  compared  to  194,006,000 
lbs.  a  year  ago.  Holdings  of  shell  eggs 
totaled  6,759,000  cases,  compared  to 
6,131,000  cases  a  year  ago.  These  fig¬ 
ures  included  2,660,000  cases  of  shell 
eggs  and  97,466,000  lbs.  of  frozen  eggs 
being  held  to  be  dried  for  delivery  to 
the  government. 

Recent  comparative  figures  on  eggs 
and  feed  indicate  that  in  August  it 
took  7.2  doz.  eggs  to  buy  100  lbs.  of 
laying  mash,  compared  to  7.3  a  year 
ago;  and  5.2  doz.  eggs  to  buy  100  lbs. 
of  scratch  grain,  compared  to  5.6  a 
year  ago. 

Eggs  have  been  bringing  about  10c 
a  dozen  more  than  they  did  in  1941. 

Hatcheries  have  been  doing  a  good 


FALL  GARDENING  HINTS 

fey  Paul  IdJosih 


Plowing  the  Garden 

YOU  CAN  have  fresh  vegetables 
from  the  garden  to  eat  by  Memor¬ 
ial  Day  instead  of  delaying  planting  un¬ 
til  that  important  spot  on  the  calendar 
comes  up.  To  this  end,  it  is  well  to  plow 
the  garden  in  the  fall.  Of  course  some 
discretion  must  be  observed.  Fall  plow¬ 
ing  may  not  be  desirable  if  there  is 
too  much  slope  to  the  land.  Also,  heavy 
soils  might  pack  considerably  during 
the  winter  and  spring  and  be  a  little 
difficult  to  work  up.  However,  a  disc 
harrow  or  even  a  one-horse  cultivator 
will  usually  do  the  trick. 

Seed  of  peas,  beets,  carrots,  radish, 
spinach,  onion,  and  lettuce  may  be 
planted  just  as  early  as  the  ground  can 
be  gotten  ready  in  the  spring.  The 
same  holds  true  for  setting  out  plants 
of  cabbage,  lettuce, _  and  beets  and  also 
onion  sets. 

If  it  is  not  convenient  to  plow  the 
whole  garden  in  the  fall  it  is  worth 
while  to  get  ready  a  little  patch  by 
either  plowing  or  spading,  even  if  it  is 
no  larger  than  10  x  50  feet. 

Let’s  see  if  we  cannot  make  ends 
meet  by  storing  fall  vegetables  and 
giving  the  spring>  ones  an  early  start. 


Another  Storage  Point 

In  connection  with  home  storage  of 
vegetables,  emphasis  should  be  placed 
upon  the  desirability  of  not  storing 
things  too  soon.  The  storage  place 
should  have  time  to  reach  a  low  tem¬ 
perature  and  doors  and  ventilators 
should  be  managed  to  this  end,  keeping 
them  open  on  cold  nights. 


There  is  probably  more  loss  during 
the  first  month  of  storage  than  at  any 
other  time  during  the  main  storage 
period.  Bringing  warm  goods  in  from 
the  field  and  keeping  them  in  a  warm 
place  is  bad  business.  Of  course,  on  the 
other  hand,  care  must  be  exercised  not 
to  let  the  vegetables  be  damaged  by 
freezing.  Most  items  that  we  store  will 
stand  some  frost,  but  squash  will  not. 
If  tonight  (Sept.  28)  does  its  stuff  as 
it  promises,  you  may  have  found  this 
out. 

It  is  definitely  not  too  early  to  begin 
to  get  the  storage  place  ready. 

Again,  having  vegetables  all  winter 
is  not  so  much  a  matter  of  the  exact 
kind  of  place  or  the  exact  details  as  it 
is  a  matter  of  getting  at  the  thing  and 
doing  it. 

*  *  * 

Save  the  Potatoes 

Potatoes  are  valuable  food  at  all 
times  and  any  food  is  valuable  under 
present  conditions. 

Why  should  tons  and  tons  of  potatoes 
be  damaged  and  thrown  out  of  grade 
by  bad  digging  and  bad  handling,  by 
making  the  mistake  of  digging  potatoes 
while  they  are  still  green  to  avoid 
blight  rot  from  infecting  the  tubers,  by 
digging  too  soon  or  by  mismanaging 
storage  conditions? 

Practical  suggestions  are  offered  by 
Hardenburg  and  Smith  in  a  Cornell 
War  Emergency  bulletin  which  should 
be  ordered  from  your  County  Agent  as 
Extension  Bulletin  532,  Harvesting  and 
Storing  Potatoes.  It  can  be  read  in  15 
minutes  and  it  tells  the  story. 


A.A.  ON  THE  AIR 

American  Agriculturist  is  on  the  air 
each  day  except  Sunday  over  the  fol¬ 
lowing  stations.  Plan  to  tune  in  to  the 
station  nearest  you. 

WHCU,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  at  870  on  your 
dial,  7:14  A.  M.,  daily  except 

Sunday. 

WHAM,  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  at  1180  on  your 
dial,  6:45  A.  M.,  daily  except 

Sunday-. 

WBTA,  Batavia,  N.  Y.,  at  1490  on  your 
dial,  8:20  A.  M.,  and  12:05  P.  M., 
daily  except  Sunday. 

WKNE,  Keene,  N.  H.,  at  1290  on  your 

dial,  6:50  A.  M.,  daily  except 

Sunday 

WTRY,  Troy,  N.  Y„  at  980  on  your  dial, 
6:30  A.  M.,  daily  except  Sunday. 
WDEV,  Waterbury,  Vt.,  at  550  on  your 
dial,  10:00  A.  M.,  1:00  P.  M.,  and 
4:15  P.  M.,  daily  except  Sunday. 
WWSR,  St.  Albans,  Vt.,  at  1420  on  your 
dial,  7:15  A.  M.,  1:05  P.  M.,  and 
4:59  P.  M.  daily  except  Sunday. 


business.  In  the  month  of  August, 
17%,  more  chicks  were  hatched  by 
commercial  hatcheries  than  the  previ¬ 
ous  high  record  for  the  month  made  in 
1941. 

Stocks  of  frozen  poultry  on  Septem¬ 
ber  1  were  86,775,000  lbs.,  2%  more 
than  a  year  ago  and  24%  more  than 
the  five-year  average.  On  the  other 
hand,  storage  stocks  of  turkeys  were 
6%,  below  a  year  ago  and  2%,  below  the 
five-year  average. 

— A.A.— » 

HONEY 

The  country’s  1942  honey  production 
was  13%  below  last  year.  Total  crop 
this  year  is  estimated  at  179,653,000 
lbs.,  compared  to  206,591,000  lbs.  last 
year. 

The  New  York  crop  is  somewhat  be¬ 
low  last  year  in  spite  of  the  increase 
of  11%  in  colonies. 

— a.  a. — 

CRANRERRIES 

The  U.  S.  cranberry  crop  will  be  the 
third  largest  in  history,  estimate  being 
755,000  barrels.  The  New  Jersey  crop 
is  115,000  barrels,  compared  to  80,000 
last  year;  the  Massachusetts  crop, 
490,000  barrels,  compared  to  500,000 
last  year. 

—  A.  A. — 

POTATO  PRICE 
OUTLOOK  FAVORARLE 

( Continued  from  Page  7) 

growers’  fears  of  labor  shortages. 
If  this  should  develop,  a  consid¬ 
erable  volume  of  potatoes  normal¬ 
ly  consumed  for  seed  would  be 
thrown  on  the  tablestock  market. 

5.  Present  prices  are  reasonably  fav¬ 
orable,  thus  not  giving  the  oppor¬ 
tunity  for  increase  that  would  be 
true  if  prices  were  at  a  low  level. 

Favorable 

1.  An  excellent  demand. 

2.  Lack  of  resistance  to  increased 
prices. 

3.  Increased  consumption  of  potatoes 
due  to  scarcity  of  other  foods  and 
new  uses  such  as  dehydration,  etc. 

4.  Possibility  that  some  potatoes  will 
be  frozen  in  the  ground.  We  cer¬ 
tainly  hope  that  no  areas  will  be 
unfortunate  enough  to  have  pota¬ 
toes  frozen  in  the  ground,  but 
with  labor  conditions  difficult  all 
over  the  country,  this  is  a  very 
real  possibility  unless  we  have 
favorable  weather. 

5.  Increased  demand  for  potatoes 
from  the  Northeast  in  the  South 
and  Middle-West. 

It,  of  course,  is  anybody’s  guess  as 
to  what  our  markets  may  do;  but  m 
our  opinion,  the  trend  will  be  upward, 
although  by  government  order  if  not 
by  economic  conditions,  spectacular 
prices  are  probably  not  in  the  picture. 


(564  )  26 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 


Kernels,  Screenings 
and  Chaff 


By  B.  E.  BABCOCK 


W' 


'ORD  has  just  come  through 
from  Washington  that  the 
United  States  Senate  has 
adopted  the  President’s 
anti-inflation  legislation,  amended 
so  as  to  give  a  reasonably  square 
deal  to  agriculture. 

Regardless  of  what  the  President 
may  do  with  the  bill  which  Con¬ 
gress  finally  sends  up  to  him,  farm¬ 
ers  of  the  United  States  have  won 
a  notable  victory. 

Through  the  cooperation  of  cour¬ 
ageous  and  understanding  Con¬ 
gressmen,  the  truth  about  farm 
labor  has  been  brought  out  and  the 
fact  that  the  nation’s  production  of 
food  and  fiber  has  begun  to  decline 
made  plain. 

In  ^addition,  the  President  has 
definitely  been  checked  in  his  policy 
of  favoring  labor  at  the  expense  of 
the  farmer. 

What  the  President  will  do  with 
the  bill  Congress  sends  him,  who 
will  administer  it  if  it  becomes  law, 
what  the  attitude  of  the  administra¬ 
tor  will  be  toward  agriculture,  it  is 
all  too  early  to  foretell. 

Of  one  thing  I  am  certain.  The 
price  ceiling  victory  so  far  as  farm¬ 
ers  are  concerned  is  moral  rather 
than  financial.  As  yet  nothing  real¬ 
istic  is  planned  about  supplying 
farms  with  labor  or  keeping  the 
labor  that  is  now  on  them  there. 
Nor  is  anything  yet  planned  which 
will  effectively  stimulate  food  and 
fiber  production. 

Under  these  conditions,  it  seems 
to  me  that  all  farmers  must  con¬ 
tinue  to  farm  cautiously,  to  expect 
less  labor  to  be  available  to  them, 
and  to  look  for  price  ceilings  to  be 
as  low  as  an  ingenious  and  un¬ 
friendly  administrator  can  figure 
them,  due  to  the  pressure  of  organ¬ 
ized  labor  and  the  unorganized  con¬ 
sumer  who  doesn’t  realize  that  his 
own  hunger  is  at  stake. 

I  had  a  ringside  seat  in  Washing¬ 
ton,  in  fact  much  of  the  time  was 
in  the  ring  myself  while  the  anti¬ 
inflation  legislation  pursued  its 
course  through  Congress.  I  came 
out  of  this  fight  with  a  healthy  re¬ 
spect  for  the  power  (when  it  is  so 
disposed)  of  the  executive  branch  of 
our  government  to  twist  facts,  mis¬ 
represent  conditions,  and  generally 
discredit  both  individuals  and 
groups  with  the  public  at  large. 

If  the  President  continues  to 
look  at  agriculture  from  the  point 
of  view  of  the  men  who  have  been 
advising  him ,  I  see  nothing  ahead 
for  farmers  except  grief  and  only 
a  dwindling  food  supply  for  the 
general  public ,  our  armed  forces , 
and  our  allies. 

The  one  hope  I  have  is  that  the 
President  learned  something  about 


the  quality  of  the  advice  he  has  been 
getting  from  certain  officials  and  the 
way  the  country  reacts  to  the  pres¬ 
sure  by  organized  labor  he  has  been 
reflecting.  If  he  appoints  a  food 
administrator  who  will  move  to 
deal  realistically  with  the  farm  labor 
situation  and  to  bring  the  farms  of 
our  nation  up  to  maximum  produc¬ 
tion,  then  perhaps  I  shall  have 
something  more  encouraging  to  re¬ 
port  two  weeks  from  now. 

*  *  * 

improved  pa  Stub  ace 

Where  are  farms  are  located,  it  has 
been  a  grand  fall  to  lay  down  new 
seedings.  We  are  going  to  get  down 
about  fifty  acres  of  meadow  and  pas¬ 
ture  mixtures. 

We  are  using  brome  grass  and  al¬ 
falfa  as  our  main  reliance  in  the 
meadow  mixtures,  and  brome  grass  and 
ladino  clover  as  the  base  of  our  pas¬ 
ture  seedings. 

On  the  earlier  seeded  fields,  we  al¬ 
ready  have  nice  stands  of  brome  grass. 
Our  success  is  probably  largely  due  to 
the  season.  It  also  may  be  accounted 
for  by  the  fact  that  we  have  mixed  the 
brome  grass  seed  with  granular  fer¬ 
tilizer  and  taken  pains  to  cover  it  just 
about  y2  inch  deep. 

In  seedings  we  have  laid  down  since 
the  20th  of  Sept.,  we  have  omitted  the 
legume  seed  and  sown  only  brome 
grass  and  either  wheat  or  rye.  These 
late  seeded  pieces  are  for  pasturing 
and  we  hope  to  get  a  little  pasturage 
off  the  rye  this  fall.  Then  next  spring, 
very  early,  we  will  broadcast  about  2 
lbs.  of  ladino  clover  to  the  acre  and 
possibly  some  grasses  if  the  growth 


ment.  Our  basic  idea  is  to  have  in 
each  big  pasture  several  smaller  fenc¬ 
ed  in  areas  which  work  easily  and 
which  we  will  keep  in  a  condition  of 
high  fertility.  On  these  areas  we  shajl 
grow  brome  grass  and  ladino  clover 
and  may  even  try  brome  grass,  alfalfa 
and  ladino  clover.  The  areas  will  be 
kept  small  enough  so  that  by  letting 
the  stock  in  the  pasture  in  on  them 
they  will  be  completely  grazed  off  in  a 
week  or  ten  days.  Then  that  particu¬ 
lar  varea  will  be  closed  off  and  another 
one  opened  up  to  the  stock. 

We  are  convinced  from  experience 
that  this  is  the  most  practical  plan  of 
pasture  improvement  for  us  and  that 
by  following  it  we  can  get  maximum 
results  with  pastured  stock. 

Our  general  plan  will  be  to  plow  a 
selected  area  in  August,  fertilize  it 
heavily  with  potash  and  superphos¬ 
phate,  then  seed  it  either  straight  to 
brome  grass  and  the  legumes  or  to  rye 
and  brome  grass  with  the  legumes  add¬ 
ed  in  the  spring. 

During  the  winter  we  will  top  dress 
it  with  manure,  which  will  protect  the 
new  seeding  from  too  close  grazing  the 
next  spring  and  summer  as  well  as 
furnish  needed  fertility. 

*  *  * 

PRE-MILKING  NOTES 

C.  L.  Dickinson,  of  Dryden,  N.  Y., 
contributes  the  following  on  pre-milk¬ 
ing: 

“The  discussion  on  pre-milking  heif¬ 
ers  has  interested  me  a  great  deal.  In 
1934,  I  ruined  a  valuable  two-year-old 
heifer  and  a  six-year-old  cow  by  per¬ 
mitting  their  udders  to  become  so  dis¬ 
tended  previous  to  freshening  that  they 
never  returned  to  normal.  This  start¬ 
ed  me  on  the  plan  of  pre-milking  all  of 
my  best  heifers  and  highest  producing 
cows.  The  results  were  so  favorable 
that  I  have  since  considered  the  prac¬ 
tice  a  regular  part  of  good  dairy  man¬ 
agement. 

“I  have  had  heifers  milking  from  40 
to  50  lbs.  a  day  before  they  calved 
and  I  have  had  older  cows  milking  well 
up  to  60  lbs.  a  day  before  they  calved. 
I  have  never  had  a  cow  or  heifer  lose 
a  quarter  due  to  udder  injury  at  fresh- 


milked  when  they  are  not  exceptionally 
good  producers  or  when  they  are  not  fit- 
ed  to  bring  them  in  in  top  shape.  How¬ 
ever,  I  think  that  more  dairymen  every 
year  are  learning  the  value  of  fitting 
cows  for  freshening  in  top  condition 
and  I  believe  that  these  dairymen  will 
learn  through  experience  that  they  can 
save  themselves  a  lot  of  grief  by  pre- 
.  milking  these  well-fitted  animals.’’ 

Mr.  R.  W.  Schallenberg  of  Western- 
ville,  New  York,  adds  his  testimony  as 
follows : 

“In  regard  to  pre-milking  heifers,  I 
think  it  is  o.k.,  especially  those  that 
are  well  bred  and  well  fed.  I  also  think 
it  is  a  fine  thing  to  milk  good  cows  a 
week  or  ten  days  before  freshening, 
especially  those  with  weak  udders.  I 
think  it  is  a  preventive  against  mas¬ 
titis.  As  I  think  back  some  years  I 
know  we  could  have  saved  ourselves  a 
lot  of  trouble  had  we  milked  some  of 
our  cows  and  heifers  before  freshen¬ 
ing.” 

Mr.  James  VanHorne,  Amsterdam, 
N.  Y-,  gives  his  experience  with  a  bit 
of  accidental  pre-milking: 

“About  four  years  ago  I  started 
dairying  for  myself  by  purchasing  7 
Guernsey  heifers.  Having  purchased 
all  my  feed  for  them  the  first  winter, 
with  hay  at  $20.00  -a  ton,  by  spring 
they  got  a  little  hungry  They  ran 
loose  in  a  barn  and  got  sucking  one 
which  when  turned  on  grass  had  to 
be  milked  as  she  bagged  up  too  much 
to  neglect.  This  heifer  was  due  in 
September  and  by  August  was  giving 
5  or  6  quarts  of  milk.  When  she  fresh¬ 
ened  in  September,  she  was  giving  16 
lbs.  of  milk  twice  a  day.  Her  milk  the 
night  before  freshening  was  very  yel¬ 
low  and  thick  so  I  threw  it  away  and 
for  4  days  after  it  was  like  normal 
colostrum.  Her  calf  did  well  and  the 
cow  has  averaged  yearly  since  fresh¬ 
ening  454  lbs.  fat  in  305  days  and  is 
still  going  strong.  I  know  of  several 
good  dairymen  who  pre-milk  heifers.” 
$  $  ^ 

WRONG  SPELLING 

Mrs.  Babcock  went  into  a  huddle 
with  Prof.  Savage  about  my  spelling 
of  the  little  Indian  calves  I  brought  up 
from  the  Southwest.  I  called  them 
Brahma  calves.  They  say  they  should 
be  called  Brahman  calves. 


this  fall  indicates  that  because  of  the 
lateness  of  the  seeding  we  are  not  go¬ 
ing  to  get  a  catch  of  brome  grass.  As 
soon  as  the  rye  is  up  high  enough  next 
spring  we  will  graze  it  and  keep  re¬ 
peating  the  grazings  until  the  rye  is  all 
fed  off  and  the  brome  grass  and  ladino 
have  taken  its  place.  We  have  followed 
this  method  of  seeding  a  pasture  in  the 
past  and  find  that  it  works  very  well. 

Incidentally,  we  have  started  on  a 
plan  of  entirely  new  pasture  manage¬ 


ening  since  I  have  followed  the  prac¬ 
tice  of  pre-milking  them. 

“I  did  have  some  difficulty  at  first 
raising  calves  from  cows  that  had  been 
pre-milked.  My  practice  now  is  to 
give  each  calf,  soon  after  it  is  born,  a 
good  dose  of  castor  oil.  I  don’t  know 
whether  this  has  any  merit  or  not  but 
it  seems  to  bring  the  calves  through 
the  first  two  or  three  days  in  good 
shape  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  they  do 
not  have  colostrum. 

“I  am  sure  that  it  does  not  matter 
whether  cows  and  heifers  are  pre- 


Xlie  above  picture  shows  a  Guernsey  cow 
anti  a  20  months  old  spayed  Hereford 
heifer  which  have  run  on  the  same  pas¬ 
ture  all  summer.  It  is  interesting’  to  com¬ 
pare  the  condition  of  the  two  animals. 
The  cow  is  a  good  producer  which  always 
gives  around  9,000  lbs.  of  milk  and  450 
lbs.  of  fat  a  year.  She  was  fed  all  sum¬ 
mer  about  w'hat  grain  she  would  clean  np. 
The  heifer  had  a  little  grain  but  a  good 
deal  of  the  time  wouldn’t  eat  much. 
Mainly,  she  got  fat  on  pasture.  A  day  or 
two  after  the  picture  was  taken,  a  local 
butcher  offered  $135.00  for  the  heifer  on 
the  farm.  He  and  I  judged  she  would 
dress  well  over  500  lbs. 


27  (  565) 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  10,  1942 

SERVICE  BUREAU 

By  Jl.  -Z?.  G&illne> 


MUSCLES 

“I  have  been  considering  taking  a  cor¬ 
respondence  course  in  health  and  physical 
development.  Do  you  think  such  a  course 
would  be  worth  the  cost?” 

There  is  no  question  that  taking 
such  a  course  from  a  reputable  man 
(the  one  which  our  subscriber  wrote 
about  is  reputable)  will  get  some  re¬ 
sults  in  developing  his  physique.  On 
the  other  hand,  there  is  no  vocation 
that  gives  such  a  wide  variety  of  exer¬ 
cise  as  farming,  and  I  believe  that  a 
farm  boy  who  will  eat  the  right  things, 
get  plenty  of  sleep,  and  in  addition,  fol¬ 
low  any  one  of  many  suggested  series 
of  exercises  that  are  available  with¬ 
out  cost,  will  develop  a  strong  body. 

If  you  decide  to  take  the  course, 
remember  that  once  you  sign  an  agree¬ 
ment,  you  promise  to  pay  for  the 
course,  whether  you  finish  it  or  not. 
Payments  may  seem  small,  but  you 
will  find  that  they  come  due  surpris¬ 
ingly  often. 

— A.  A.— 

L.  FRUCIIT  &  SON 

The  past  week  has  brought  a  flood 
of  claims  against  L.  Frucht  &  Son  of 
351  Greenwich  Street,  New  York,  New 
York,  egg  buyers.  This  firm  has  en¬ 
joyed  an  excellent  reputation,  but  as 
yet,  we  do  not  know  what  action  the 
company  will  take  on  these  claims. 
However,  the  firm  is  licensed  and  bond¬ 
ed  by  the  New  York  State  Department 
of  Agriculture  and  Markets  for  pro¬ 
tection  of  shippers  living  in  New  York 
State;  and  if  the  bond  is  sufficiently 
large,  all  New  York  shippers  will  get 
their  money.  If  you  live  in  New  York, 
and  have  shipped  eggs  to  this  firm,  but 
have  received  no  pay  for  them,  write 
American  Agriculturist  Service  Bureau, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  immediately. 

— a.  a. — 

MOVED 

“Last  summer  we  sold  some  tomatoes 
to  Mr.  Frank  Masselo  of  246  Parkhill 
Avenue,  Yonkers,  New  York.  At  first  we 
received  payment,  then  they  became 
slower,  and  we  still  have  $27.10  coming 
to  us. 

“I  saw  his  truck  in  Dutchess  County 
recently  all  loaded  with  sweet  corn  for 
New  York  City.  I  found  him  and  he 
said  he  would  pay  me  the  last  of  the 
week.  I  have  not  heard  from  him  since.” 

A  letter  addressed  to  Mr.  Masello 
at  246  Parkhill  Avenue,  Yonkers,  New 
York,  has  been  returned  unknown.  If 
any  subscriber  knows  Mr.  Masello’s  ad¬ 
dress,  we  would  appreciate  the  infor¬ 
mation  as  we  wish  to  remind  him  of 
this  obligation. 

—  A.  A. — 

appealing 

“I  am  enclosing  a  letter  which  I  re¬ 
ceived  from  a  woman  in  Tennessee.  I 
have  no  idea  how  she  obtained  my  name 
and  address.  What  should  I  do  ?” 

The  letter  was  a  request  for  used 
clothing  and  asked,  if  the  receiver 
could  not  help,  that  she  pass  the  letter 
along  to  a  friend.  In  our  opinion  such 
letters  should  be  ignored.  If  the  writ¬ 
er  is  in  actual  need,  she  should  apply 
to  local  welfare  authorities  rather  than 
broadcasting  appealing  letters  to 
strangers. 

— A.  a. — 

More  arout  rugs 

In  the  September  12 .  issue  on  this 
page  we  referred  to  some  rugs  sold  a 
subscriber.  We  followed  the  matter 
UP-  The  driver  of  the  car  was  located, 
a  refund  was  suggested.  The  man 
did  not  exactly  say,  “What  are  you 
going  to  do  about  it?”  but  that  was 
gist  of  his  comments.  He  said  he 

recommended  the  rugs  as-  “American 


Oriental  design”  rugs,  that  he  would 
not  make  any  refund,  and  that  he  was 
on  his  way  to  California.  This  gives 
double  emphasis  to  our  suggestion  that 
the  time  to  be  cautious  is  before  you 
buy.  Reputable  business  concerns  have 
scrapped  the  old  motto  “Let  the  buyer 
beware”,  but  “gyps”  still  use  it! 

— a.  a. — 

MILDEW 

“Today  a  lady  named  Reva  Burch,  rep¬ 
resenting  the  American  Cleaner  Company, 
sold  me  72  packages  of  cleaner  for  $12.50 
to  be  sold  to  church  organizations  only. 
The  product  is  all  mildewed  and  of  course 
people  will  not  buy  it. 

She  made  a  statement  in  her  writing 
that  if  the  product  is  not  satisfactory, 
cash  would  be  refunded  at  the  wholesale 
price  on  demand.  She  also  said  she  was 
calling  back  soon  to  see  if  we  wanted 
more.  Of  course  she  wanted  to  sell  me 
more  but  I  feel  now  that  I’ve  just  lost 
the  money  as  I  wouldn’t  expect  the 
church  organization  to  stand  it.” 

Letters  from  subscribers  every  day 
tell  us  that  they  read  the  Service  Bu¬ 
reau  page  regularly.  Obviously,  not 
every  subscriber  does  this,  as  we  still 
get  an  occasional  letter  like  the  one 
above  in  spite  of  the  fact  we  have  men¬ 
tioned  similar  experiences  at  least 
twice  on  this  page.  We  have  never  re¬ 
ceived  replies  to  letters  sent  her,  and 
presumably  received,  as  they  were 
never  returned  to  us. 

— a.  a. — 

ADDRESS  WANTED 

We  would  like  very  much  to  get  in 
touch  with  Gaetano  Anzano,  who  un¬ 
til  recently  was  working  in  a  shop  at 
Greenfield,  Massachusetts;  or  Joseph 
Corbonelli,  whose  address  was  former¬ 
ly  52  N.  Main  St.,  Gloversville,  N.  Y. 

If  either  of  these  men  see  this,  we 
would  very  much  appreciate  it  if  they 
would  write  American  Agriculturist 
Service  Bureau,  Box  367,  Ithaca,  New 
York;  or  if  an  acquaintance  reads  it, 
we  would  like  to  have  the  present  ad¬ 
dress  of  either  of  these  two  men. 

— a.  a. — 

FARM  MACHINERY 
RULLETINS 

The  following  bulletins  are  available 
to  residents  of  New  York  State  on  re¬ 
quest  to  the  Mailing  Room,  College  of 
Agriculture,  Ithaca,  New  York.  You 
will  find  them  very  helpful  in  your  ef¬ 
forts  to  keep  your  present  farm  ma¬ 
chines  operating  efficiently. 

No.  10 — Tune-Up  the  Tractor. 

No.  28 — Lubrication  of  Farm  Machin¬ 
ery. 

No.  31 — Cultivator  Adjustment. 

No.  34 — Binder  Troubles. 

No.  381 — Plow  Adjustment. 

No.  385 — Repairing  the  Spring-Tooth 
Harrow. 

No.  471 — Binder  Adjustments. 

No.  108 — The  Farm  Shop  &  Tool  Equip¬ 
ment. 

No.  57— Soldering. 

No.  378 — Grinding  the  Farm  Tools. 

No.  367 — Water  Supply  for  Orchards. 
No.  225 — Repairing  Harness. 

No.  323 — Farm  Horseshoeing. 

— a.  a. — 

HIDDEN  NAMES 

For  some  time  we  have  been  run¬ 
ning  in  each  issue  a  number  of  names 
and  addresses  of  readers.  If  you  find 
your  name  and  address  in  the  advertis¬ 
ing  columns,  but  in  no  way  connected 
with  an  advertisement  or  editorial 
matter,  write  to  American  Agricultur¬ 
ist,  P.  O.  Box  367-HN,  Ithaca,  New 
York,  promptly.  You  will  receive  a 
check  for  $1.00  by  return  mail.  We 
call  this  our  Hidden  Names  Contest. 


“ Carrie ,  here  is  your 

INSURANCE  MONEY” 


F 

1  OUR  year  old  Gloria  Hasbrouck  is  handing  up  the  North  American 
check  to  Carrie  “John”  Hasbrouck,  Wallkill,  N.  Y.,  who  carried  a  Travel 
Accident  Policy,  and  was  paid  the  full  benefits  for  the  time  laid  up  from 
the  accident.  Carrie  has  her  working  clothes  on — out  helping  to  meet  the 
farm  labor  shortage.  Carrie  says:  “My  car  was  parked  in  a  public  park¬ 
ing  space.  I  hadn’t  even  opened  my  side  door  when  a  fellow  drove  in 
and  smashed  into  my  car.  One  of  my  ribs  was  broken,  and  my  shoulder 
was  hurt  so  bad,  that  it  still  bothers  some  when  I  am  working.  This  is 
my  first  accident,  and  it  wasn’t  my  fault  either.” 


YOU  MAY  BE  A  CAREFUL  DRIVER  —  but  you  never  know 
what  the  other  fellow  will  do  to  you. 

BENEFITS  RECENTLY  PAID 


Aura  Kaner,  13  Maple  Ave.,  Sodus,  N.  Y —  $34.28 
Auto  accident — cut  chest,  cut  tongue 
Donald  E.  Winslow,  Cherry  Valley,  N.  Y. —  50.00 

Auto  accident — frac.  clavicle  &  ribs 

Lester  E.  Gale,  R.  6.  Potsdam,  N.  Y -  42.86 

Auto  accident — cut  &  bruised  arm 
Elizabeth  DeDee,  Ridge  Rd..  Ontario,  N.  Y.  30.00 
Auto  accident-bruised  knees 
Maggie  E.  Harter,  36  2nd  St.,  I  lion,  N.  Y.  40.00 
Auto  accident — contusions  &  cuts 

William  P.  Hogan,  Est.,  Barker,  N.  Y . *  500.00 

Auto  collision — mortuary 

Mrs.  Esther  M.  Hartley,  Lockport,  N.  Y. -  130.00 

Auto  accident — inj.  back  &  spine 

Ethel  L.  Hamilton,  Elmira,  N.  Y -  74.28 

Auto  accident — bruised  &  cut  eye 

lohn  K.  Loreh,  Est.,  Ellicottville,  N.  Y. -  500.00 

Truck  backed  over  him — mortuary 

Walter  H.  Cutler,  R.  2,  Corfu,  N.  Y, -  40.00 

Auto  accident — frac.  leg 

Dorothy  D.  Carter,  Morrisonville,  N.  Y. _  20.00 

Auto  accident — cuts  &  bruises 
Mrs.  Lena  J.  Kennedy,  Hicksville,  N.  Y. _  130.00 

Auto  accident — cut  leg  &  frac.  jaw 


Leo  M.  Perry.  Est.,  North  Java,  N.  Y - 1000.00 

Truck  accident- — mortuary 

Gertrude  N.  Mansfield,  Holley,  N.  Y -  62.86 

Auto  accident — frac.  clavicle,  cont.  shoulder 

E Stella  M.  Davies,  R.  I,  Fort  Plain,  N.  Y.  *  20.71 
Auto  accident — concussion  brain 

Irwin  L.  Palmer,  R.  2,  Fredonia,  N.  Y -  11.43 

Auto  accident — bruised  back,  chest  &  legs 

Miss  Atala  Rogers,  Riverhead,  N.  Y. _ *43.57 

Auto  accident — frac.  left  knee 

David  Raynor,  New  Suffolk,  N.  Y. _  32.86 

Auto  accident — bruised  ribs 


Violet  M.  McPeck,  Teaneck,  N.  J -  40.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  right  shoulder 

Warren  McClintock,  R.  2,  Elmer,  N.  J _  30.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  &  frac.  ribs 

Marlin  A.  Stonesifer,  Emmettsburg,  Md -  48.57 

Wagon  accident— frac.  ribs,  cont.  hip 

E.  D.  McCoy,  Federalsburg,  Md - *  22.85 

Bus  accident — bruised  hand,  arm  &  chest 

Owen  J.  Corrigan,  R.  I,  Franklin,  N.  H. _ *  65.00 

Wagon  accident — frac.  arm  &  shoulder 

Edgar  M.  Gaudette,  Claremont,  N.  H -  40.00 

Auto  accident — frac.  finger  &  ribs 

Daniel  B.  Alley,  Est.,  Tamworth,  N.  H - *  250.00 

Struck  while  crossing  street — mortuary 
Gladys  Tozier,  Forest  St.,  Plaistow,  N.  H.  60.00 
Auto  accident — bruised  top  of  -head,  inj.  arm 


Martin  J.  Leska,  West  St.,  Hadley,  Mass. —  102.86 

Hit  by  auto — injury  to  leg 

John  A.  Walker.  Gilman,  Vt -  130.00 

Wagon  accident — bruised  hip 

Celia  Damon,  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt -  47.14 

Hit  by  auto — bruised  leg-  &  shoulder 

Mrs.  Jennie  Hansenburg,  E.  Arlington,  Vt. _  20.00 

Struck  by  bicycle — injuries 

Charles  F.  Pratt,  Pownal,  Vt _  30.00 

Auto  accident — cuts  &  bruises 

Winifred  White,  Windsor,  Vt _  130.00 

Truck  accident — bruises  &  scalp  wounds 

Ray  Bridges,  Est.,  Wilton,  Me - 1000.00 

Auto  collision — mortuary 

Eunice  A.  Welch,  R.  I,  Hallowell,  Me _ *27.14 

Auto  accident — general  bruises 
Llewellyn  LaBombard,  Hamden,  Conn -  70.00 

Auto  accident — bruised  arm  &  shoulder 


*  Over-age. 


$730,998.14 

has  been  paid  to  10,318  policyholders 
Keep.  fyjoM  Policy  Reneuted 


North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co. 

Oldest  and  largest  Exclusive  ^Health  and  Oic.  :de ,  t  Ccrp*y  r 

N.  A. Associates  Department  Poughkeepsie,  ny. 


mliniuJJ®1 


OOUNOWORMS  (ASCMnOIA),  caP'L 
or  Tapeworms,  r.  tetra&ona 
•*EN$  and  THE  COMMON  TUR"e' 

ACTIVE  INGREDIENTS  - EACJ^ 

— CONTAINS APREPAPATION 
TUREO  FROM  NICOTINE, 

AND  ETHTL  ,ODIOVrv,o35 

' — — J  NICOTINE  CAS  ALKALOID)0^ 

-NERT  B6WIIWJ, 


SUGAR,  C- 


tablets 


—>  TOT Al  MM- 

1 

1  dli 

MSBURYS 

iMlOilRj  S 

Hi*.  Salsbury  9s 

ROTA-CAPS 

DON’T  KNOCK 
ECO  PRODUCTION 


ou  will  welcome  this  opportunity  to  do  a  thorough  worming  job 
without  making  normal  birds  ‘“droop  around”;  without  running  the 
risk  of  egg  loss.  Rota-Caps  act  so  mildly  and  so  quickly,  that  no  “toxic 
after-shock”  remains  to  sicken  them. 

Rota-Caps  Get  the  Worms  Without  Knocking  Egg  Production,  Due  to 
"Rotamine" — Exclusive  Ingredient  Found  Only  in  Rota-Caps 

Rotamine  was  developed  in  the  Dr.  Salsbury 
Research  Laboratories.  Its  benefits  are  available 
only  in  Dr.  Salsbury’s  Rota-Caps!  Due  to  Rota- 
mine’s  thorough  but  gentle  action,  Rota-Caps  get 
those  damaging  intestinal  capillaria  worms,  large 
roundworms,  and  tapeworms  (heads  and  all)  as 
listed  on  the  label  without  setting  back  normal 
birds,  or  knocking  egg  production.  See  chart  at 
right. 

Backed  by  Science — As  a  pioneer  in  developing  individual  worm  treatments. 
Dr.  Salsbury,  years  ago,  saw  the  need  for  an  individual  worm  preparation  that  would 
be  effective,  yet  harmless  to  normal  birds.  Rota-Caps  are  the  result. 

It  took  years  of  painstaking,  scientific  research  and  careful  testing-in-use  on  the 
Dr.  Salsbury  55-acre  poultry  research  farm  to  produce  this  remarkable  preparation. 
Each  easily  administered  Rota-Cap  contains  the  proper  dosage;  laboratory  tests  are 
made  to  assure  this.  That  is  why  you  can  worm  your  hens  with  confidence. 


•  TEXAS:  "Rota-Caps  get  results  and 
don't  throw  hens  off  production." 

•  OHIO:  "Rota-Caps  are  easy  to  give 
and  make  me  a  good  profit." 


•  KANSAS:  "They  give  me  better  results 
than  any  I  have  ever  tried." 

•  WASHINGTON:  "Rota-Caps  are  sure- 
acting  and  don't  make  my  birds  sick." 


Help  Your  Hens  LAY  THEIR  BEST 

You  have  too  much  at  stake  to  let  worming  go  this  fall  ...  too  much  at  stake,  not 
to  use  the  most  effective,  safest,  most  satisfactory  worm  preparation  you  can  get.  9o 
use  genuine  Dr.  Salsbury’s  Rota-Caps  .  .  .  the  worm  preparation  that  gets  the  worms 
without  knocking  egg  production — tested,  proved,  and  preferred  the  nation  over! 


SEE  YOUR  LOCAL  DR.  SALSBURY  DEALER— He's  a  member  of  Dr. 
Salsbury's  Nationwide  Poultry  Health  Service  and  is  trained  to  give 
you  sound,  free  poultry  advice.  Look  for  this  emblem  at  hatcheries, 
feed,  produce,  and  drug  stores.  It  there's  no  dealer  near  you,  mail 
your  order  to 


DR.  SALSBURY'S  LABORATORIES:  Charles  City,  Iowa 

A  Nation  Wide  Poultry  Health  Service 

Note  These  Low  Retail  Prices  of  Rota-Caps,  Adult  Size 
SO  caps . $  .75  100  caps . $1.35  200  caps . $2.50  500  caps . $5.00 


Old  Way 
of  Worming 

Only  desegments 
tapes,  leaving  live 
heads  to  grow  new 
bodies  in  the  birds’ 
intestines.  Note 
live  heads  of  tapes 
left  in  villi. 


NEW  WAY  of  Worming 
with  ROTA-CAPS 
Containing  Rotamine 

Expels  heads  and  all  of  these  de¬ 
structive  tapes:  It.  tetragona  (in 
chickens)  and  M.  lucida  (in  tur¬ 
keys).  Also  removes  Intestinal  Cap¬ 
illaria  and  large  roundworms. 


Poultry  Raisers  Prefer  Rota-Caps  2  to  1! 

In  a  competent  national  survey,  poultry  raisers  said  they  preferred  Rota-Caps  more 
than  2  to  1  over  any  other  poultry  wormer.  Such  outstanding  preference  must  be 
based  upon  satisfactory  results — the  kind  of  results  you  want!  Here  are  a  few  typical 
comments  poultry  raisers  made  in  voting  this  preference: 


Other  Dr.  Salsbury  Products 

Recommended  for  Use  This  Fall 

Dr.  Salsbury’s  AVI-TON  for  Flock  Roundworming 

Mixes  easily  with  the  mash.  Contains  seven  sup¬ 
portive  drugs  in  addition  to  those  that  get  the  large 
roundworms  and  cecal  worms. 

Dr.  Salsbury’s  PHEN-O-SAL  for  Bowel  Troubles 
The  double-duty  drinking  water  medicine.  ( 1 ) 
Checks  germ  growth  in  drinking  water ;  ( 2 )  Medicates 
bird’s  digestive  system. 


Dr.  Salsbury’s  NIC-SAL 

Kills  poultry  lice  without  handling  the  bird.  Just 
put  Nic-Sal  on  the  roost.  100%  active  ingredients. 

Dr.  Salsbury’s  PAR-O-SAN 
the  effective  general  disinfectant 

.  .  .  for  the  poultry  house,  hog  house,  dairy  barn, 
sheep  sheds,  etc.  Pleasant  smelling;  clean  to  handle; 
non-irritating  to  worker,  non-oxidizing,  non-caustic, 
safe  to  use  anywhere  (kills  the  common  germs  ana 
external  parasites  on  contact). 


mm  h  t*Jft*y*  fc. 


Be  Sure  to  Get  Genuine  Dr.  Salsbury’s 


PORTION  OF  DR.  SALSBURY'S  55  -  ACRE  POULTRY  RESEARCH  FARM 


OCTOBER  24,  1942 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


AMERICAN 

GRICU  LTURIST 


FOUNDED  184-2 


"Keep.  ’£m  Zaiittf !  " 

FARMERS  CAN  T  DO  THEIR  WAR  JOB 
WITHOUT  TRAINED  HELP 


UST  THE  other  day  a  herd  of  63  cows, 
owned  by  William  Ceas  of  Delaware 
County,  New  York,  was  sold  at  auc¬ 
tion.  The  sale  notice  started  off  with 
these  significant  words:  “Being  unable 
to  procure  help — Every  dairy  county  in  the 
Northeast  has  had  or  is  having  similar  sales 
for  the  same  reason.  These  sales  will  increase. 


On  October  5,  a  young  farmer  left  Ithaca 
in  Tompkins  County  to  report  to  Fort 
Niagara,  leaving  his  wife  to  look  after  a  herd 
of  30  cows.  An  attempt  is  being  made  to  se¬ 
cure  his  release.  If  the  attempt  is  unsuccess¬ 
ful,  the  herd  will  be  sold  and  little  or  no  food 
will  be  produced  on  that  farm  next  summer. 

A  young  farmer  in  Schuyler  County  asked 
for  deferment.  His  father  is  so  lame  that  he 
cannot  do  farm  work,  but  he  is  doing  his  bit 
as  a  carpenter  at  the  Sampson  Naval  Base. 
The  farm  is  not  a  large  one,  though  a  con¬ 
siderable  increase  in  production  has  been 
planned  in  1943.  Deferment  was  granted  until 
November  1,  with  little  or  no  chance  for  any 
extension. 

In  Chemung  County,  a  farmer  well  along 
in  years  and  in  poor  health  has  a  son  who  is 
running  the  home  farm  as  well  as  an  adjoin¬ 
ing  one.  With  some  difficulty,  deferment  until 
November  1  was  secured  last  June.  Continued 
deferment  will  be  requested  before  that  date, 
with  no  certainty  that  it  will  be  granted. 
These  cases  are  typical  of  thousands. 


>3^  Ji.  GaAiiste 


boys  and  girls  will  help  the  fruit,  vegetable 
and  cash  crop  farmers  some;  but  such  help 
is  of  little  use  on  dairy  and  poultry  farms, 
which  together  make  up  about  70  per  cent 
of  the  farm  business  of  the  Northeast.  They 
need  skilled,  full-time,  around-the-year  help. 

Changes  Needed 

Unless  the  policy  of  those  in  charge  of  our 
Selective  Service  system  changes,  it  is  evident 
that  every  able-bodied  man  of  draft  age  will 
be  in  the  Army  before  long.  The  question  has 
been  asked  (and  I  think  wisely),  “How  big 
an  Army  do  we  need  at  this  time?”  It  is  ex¬ 
pected  that  a  million  men  will  be  overseas  by 
the  first  of  January  and  that  we  might  hope 
to  get  another  million  into  foreign  service 
and  furnish  them  and  our  Allies  with  needed 
supplies  by  January  1,  1944.  The  question  is 
asked,  “Is  it  wise  to  raise  a  ten-million-man 
Army  and  have  eight  millions  of  them  in 
training  in  this  country  when  labor  is  short 
both  in  industry  and  on  farms?”  / 

That,  of  course,  is  not  a  question  for  the 
average  citizen  to  decide.  But  common  sense 
tells  us  that  an  Army  which  we  can  neither 
equip  nor  feed  is  useless.  If  food  production 

is  to  be  maintained,  the  draining  of  farm 


Time  To  Act 


manpower  must  stop! 


Farmers  must  make  this  vital  decision  and 
make  it  soon:  How  much  food  shall  we  pro- 

duce  next  year?  The  answer  cannot  be  put 

off.  If  American  farmers  are  going  to  “Keep 
’em  Eating,”  something  must  be  done  now  to 
insure  an  adequate  supply  of  farm  help.  A 
report  from  33  farm  bureau  agents  in  north¬ 
eastern  counties  estimates  that  already  1400 
farmers  in  those  counties  are  out  of  business. 

So  far,  labor  camps  have  shown  two  weak¬ 
nesses:  some  of  the  workers  know  nothing 
about  farming  and  care  less;  others  work  a 
few  weeks,  then  leave  for  a  better-paying  de¬ 
fense  job.  If  they  have  competent  direction, 
labor  camp  workers  and  part-time  school 


A  Program 

The  editors  of  American  Agriculturist  be¬ 
lieve  that  a  change  of  attitude  is  needed  along 
these  lines: 

’  1.  Selective  Service  officials  could  and 
should  assume  some  responsibility  for  keep¬ 
ing  essential  farm  workers  on  farms.  At  pres¬ 
ent,  the  burden  of  proof  rests  entirely  on  the 
draftee.  Letters  from  American  Agriculturist 
readers  convince  us  that  deferment  has  been 
refused  to  many  farm  boys  because  they  did 
not  present  their  cases  adequately  or  because 
they  were  not  fully  informed  as  to  the  exact 
procedure  to  take.  Let  Draft  Boards  get  the 
facts.  Would  it  not  be  reasonable  for  a  Board 


Boys  and  girls,  older  men  and  women,  the  few  young 
men  left  on  farms  —  all  are  working  as  never  before 
to  produce  food.  To  reduce  the  farm  labor  supply 
further  is  to  invite  disaster! 


to  say:  “Food  production  is  essential.  If  a 
young  man,  trained  in  farm  work,  is  doing 
good  work  on  the  farm,  let  him  stay  there.” 

Not  Slackers 

2.  Any  tendency  on  the  part  of  any  mem¬ 
ber  of  a  Draft  Board  to  think  that  farm  boys 
are  slackers  should  be  corrected.  Letters  from 
our  subscribers  show  that  where  a  farmer  in¬ 
dicates  plans  to  increase  the  size  of  his  busi¬ 
ness,  some  Draft  Boards  conclude  that  the 
reason  for  the  increase  is  to  keep  his  son  out 
of  the  Army.  Farmers  are  patriotic.  Why  not 
give  them  the  benefit  of  the  doubt,  and  recog¬ 
nize  that  increased  production  is  their  con¬ 
tribution  toward  winning  the  war? 

Again,  letters  from  subscribers  indicate  that 
certain  Draft  Boards  are  drafting  men  who 
get  married,  arguing  this  way:  “This  fellow 
got  married  in  an  attempt  to  keep  out  of  the 
Army.  Therefore,  he  is  going  in  the  Army.” 
Many  soldiers  and  men  of  ( Turn  to  Page  21) 


* 


Farm  Truck  Owners  —  Be  Sure  to  Read  Page  5  Immediately 


Cfc-fi  \  -  .  - 


OCT.  24 


1942 


>  •< ' 

1'- 


The  basis  oj  a  sound  business  cooperative  is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


even  FERTILITY  must 
be  rationed  this  year... 


GET  LIME  ON  THE 
FARM  THIS  FALL 


With  a  plentiful 
supply  of  lime  in  the 
quarries,  farmers  are 
suddenly  faced  with 
a  fast-growing  problem  of  getting  it  on  the 
farm.  So  serious  is  the  outlook  that  it  now 
seems  very  likely  that  the  lime  that  moves 
to  farms  this  fall  may  be  the  last  to  move 
for  the  duration. 


Behind  this  situation  lie  three  major 
shortages: 

1.  Repair  parts  for  machinery  at  the 
quarry  are  hard  to  get — shutdowns  of 
several  weeks  are  the  usual  result  of  a 
breakdown. 


2.  Men  who  know  how  to  run  the  ma¬ 
chinery  are  disappearing  into  the  army  or 
other  industries. 


3.  Transportation  is  building  up  to  an 
all-time  peak  load. 


This  situation  makes  it  advisable  for 
every  farmer  to  get  his  lime  on  the  farm 
this  fall.  Get  it  spread  if  possible — but  get 
the  lime  anyway. 


Nitrogen  has  gone  to  war.  Freight  cars  that  used  to  haul  superphosphate  and 
potash  are  needed  more  and  more  for  war  shipments.  Trucks  to  haul  lime  and 
machinery  to  crush  lime  must  wait  their  turn  for  tires  and  replacement  parts.  Careful 
planning  is  needed  on  every  farm  to  conserve  and  make  the  best  use  of  the  fertilizer 
materials  that  are  still  available. 


LIME  SPREADER  The  ,lime  spreading 

nnxrkiT  PDAiiTrn  6  Q  u  i  p  in  c  n  t  d  g  * 

PATENT  GRANTED  veloped  by  G.L.F. 

for  putting  lime  di¬ 
rectly  on  patrons’  fields  is  now  protected 
by  patent.  Mr.  Merrills  Dake,  who  de¬ 
signed  the  equipment,  has  assigned  the 
patent  rights,  covering  several  types  of 
spreaders,  to  G.L.F.  Exchange  for  the 
benefit  of  G.L.F  patrons. 

Farmers  right  now  are  making  full  use 
of  this  labor-saving  equipment.  The  lime 
spreading  service,  available  in  many  com- 


Manure  comes  first.  Spread  it  thin.  Manure  from 
twenty  cows  will  cover  about  23  acres  when  spread 
at  the  rate  of  6  tons  per  acre.  Spread  at  the  usual 
rate,  the  same  manure  will  cover  only  about  10  to 
12  acres.  It  takes  a  real  expert  to  spread  manure 
by  hand  at  the  rate  of  6  tons  per  acre.  With  a 
manure  spreader,  adjust  the  carrier  ratchet  to 
spread  at  the  rate  of  6  loads  per  acre.  Then  load 
the  spreader  from  the  reel  toward  the  front  so 
that  a  partial  load  will  spread  at  the  same  rate  as 
a  full  load. 

Make  the  manure  into  a  complete  fertilizer  by 
using — 

Superphosphate  at  the  rate  of  1  Yi  to  2  pounds 
per  cow  per  day  in  the  stable.  Sprinkle  it  on  the 
floor  and  in  the  gutters.  Most  important,  figure 
how  much  you’ll  need  and  get  it  on  the  farm  now. 
The  transportation  of  war  materials  can’t  wait. 
The  same  thing  applies  to — 

Lime.  Estimate  the  amount  of  lime  your  land 
must  have  for  this  rotation.  Do  it  now  and  get 
the  lime  on  the  farm.  If  you  can’t  get  it  spread 
this  fall,  think  over  the  possibility  of  spreading 
the  lime  with  the  superphosphated  manure.  Four 


80-pound  bags  of  ground  limestone  spread  over 
the  top  of  each  load  of  manure  will  put  a  ton  of 
lime  per  acre  on  the  land  when  the  manure  is 
spread  at  the  rate  of  6  loads  per  acre. 

Where  to  Spread  Manure 

1.  On  land  to  be  plowed  for -corn.  (Here  is  a 
good  place  to  put  the  lime,  too.) 

2.  On  fall  sown  grain  that  was  planted  without 
fertilizer,  particularly  if  the  grain  is  to  be  seeded 
next  spring. 

3.  On  old  meadows  where  the  legumes  are 
running  out. 

4.  On  new  seedings.  Most  new  seedings  are 
going  into  the  winter  with  excellent  growth  this 
year.  Manure  should  be  used  only  on  new  seedings 
that  failed  to  get  well  started. 

Summing  up.  Soil  fertility  can  be  kept  up  while 
nitrogen  goes  to  war.  But  it  means  rationing  the 
manure  to  make  it  cover  twice  as  much  land,  and 
using  it  where  it  will  do  the  most  good.  And  it 
means  getting  the  superphosphate  and  lime  on 
the  farm  this  fall. 


munities  through  G.L.F.  Service  Agencies, 
usually  pays  for  itself  just  by  cutting  out 
the  expense  of  bags  and  bagging. 

The  real  saving,  of  course,  is  measured  in 
terms  of  valuable  time  and  scarce  farm 
labor. 

FARMERS  ARE  AT  THE  Indications  to- 
END  OF  THEIR  ROPE  Ke  wllfbe  little 

or  no  new  rope  for 
farmers  in  1943.  Make  your  rope  last  by 
storing  it  carefully.  (1)  Before  storing, 
wash  off  all  mud,  sand,  and  grit,  dry  the 
rope  in  the  sun  and  get  all  the  kinks  out 
of  it.  (2)  Store  in  a  cool,  dry,  well-venti¬ 
lated  place.  (3)  Get  it  off  the  floor — hang 
it  in  loose  coils  on  pegs.  (4)  Keep  it  away 
from  storage  batteries,  alkalies,  paint,  ou, 
and  grease. 


Cooperative  G.L.F.  Exchange,  Inc 


Ithaca,  N.  Y 


AJ  nerican  Agriculturist,  October  24,  1942 


3  (569) 


Farming  the  Hilltops 

fey  Paul  l/Uasilz 


It  takes  this  25,000-bushel,  insulated  storage  to  house  potatoes  raised  on  the 

H.  J.  Evans  farm  at  Georgetown,  N.  Y. 


GROWING  good  potatoes  on  cheap 
land  is  a  great  game  these  times. 
Much  has  been  said  about  the  hilltop 
farmers  of  Steuben,  whose  territory  is 
now  called  ’’Little  Maine.” 

Red  Evans  (H.  J.  Evans  officially) 
of  Georgetown,  southwest  of  Utica,  N. 

Y.,  is  quite  a  man 
at  meetings.  He 
is  Secretary  and 
Manager  of  the 
Blue  Tag  outfit, 
the  New  York 
State  Cooperative 
Seed  Potato  Asso¬ 
ciation;  a  Director 
of  the  Empire 
State  Potato  Club; 
a  liaison  man  be¬ 
tween  chain  stores 
and  farmers,  and 
a  lot  of  other 
things.  But  even 
with  such  a  bunch 
of  man-sized  jobs, 
he  is  still  a  farm¬ 
er.  People  go  from 
Elmira  and  Ithaca  toward  Albany,  and 
often  pass  right  between  two  of  his 
farms  and  don’t  know  it.  He  operates 
a  mere  1,100  acres,  growing  about  100 
acres  of  potatoes,  and  he  keeps  50 
milkers  on  one  farm. 

The  soil  is  not  fancy — Lordstown  silt 
loam,  some  of  it  gravelly- — but  it  is 
good  for  what  he  is  doing.  It  is  plenty 
sour,  but  he  limes  liberally.  He  uses 
a  lime  spreader  attached  to  a  dump 
truck  so  that  it  does  not  cost  much  to 
apply  it.  He  is  conserving  soil  and 
building  it  up.  He  grows  Ladino  clov¬ 
er  and  Alsike  clover  which  stand  acid 
pretty  well.  He  gets  two  cuttings  and 
sells  some  hay  when  people  want  it. 

FIGHTING  EROSION 

Erosion  could  ruin  the  Evans  farms 
on  short  order  if  he’d  let  it.  I  happen¬ 
ed  to  hear  a  debate  over  WGY  during 
the  summer.  Bristow  Adams  and  Ed 
Markham  were  asking  erosion  ques¬ 
tions  hard  enough  and  fast  enough  to 
stump  anybody,  while  H.  F.  Eaton  of 
the  Soil  Conservation  Administration 
and  Red  Evans  were  defending  conser¬ 
vation  in  theory  and  practice.  Well, 
Red  is  actually  doing  it.  He  handles 
his  land  in  100-foot  strips  along  the 
contours,  and  fertility  has  to  run  fast 
to  get  away  from  him  and  his  sod 
strips  and  the  plant  roots. 

One  interesting  little  spot  on  the 
farm  is  the  trial  patch  for  forage  and 
cover  crops,  right  up  on  top  in  the  mid¬ 
dle  of  a  field.  There  is  no  fancy  gar¬ 
dening,  and  the  soil  is  as  sour  as  kraut. 
That’s  the  way  to  find  out  what  will 
grow  well.  Rye  is  reliable  for  over 
winter,  and  is  disked  down  in  the 
spring.  There  is  less  plowing  done 
than  formerly.  Then  millet  is  seeded, 
and  that  is  plowed  in  for  potatoes  the 
next  year.  Rye  grass  is  giving  good 
results,  too.  Rye  and  millet  are  plant¬ 
ed  at  the  last  cultivation  of  rutabagas 
and  squash. 

Of  course,  this  kind  of  farming  takes 
some  power.  The  battery  of  tractors 
includes  several  makes  and  sizes. 
Heavy  two-  and  three-bottom  plows 
are  used,  which  means  low-cost  plow¬ 
ing  but  a  good  job  in  covering  heavy 
sods  and  cover  crops. 

The  potatoes  that  Evans  grows  are 
mostly  for  planting — foundation  stock 
for  certified  seed  growers  to  plant  and 
certified  seed  for  production  of  table 
stock.  Certified  seed  ordinarily  brings 
25c  or  30c  per  cwt.  over  table  stock, 
and  foundation  stock  about  $1.00  over 
certified.  Of  course,  this  takes  more 
care  and  rigid  requirements  must  be 
wet.  Seed  is  planted  in  tuber  units 


by  hand,  and  it  has  to  go  to  Florida 
for  indexing  for  evidence  of  mosaic 
diseases.  The  potato  planter  is  used 
only  to  open  the  furrow  and  place  the 
fertilizer.  Then  the  pieces  of  a  single 
tuber  are  placed  9  inches  apart  in  the 
row  by  hand.  There  is  a  skipped  space 
between  tubers  to  separate  them.  If 
leaf  roll  shows  up,  the  plants  that  be¬ 
long  to  the  same  tuber  are  identified 
by  matching  the  seed  pieces,  like  a 
jig-saw  puzzle.  That  just  illustrates 
the  care  that  is  exercised  and  demon¬ 
strates  why  more  people  don’t  do  it. 

The  varieties  are  Sebago,  Chippewa, 
Warba,  Cobbler,  Green  Mountain,  Bliss, 
Russet  Rural,  and  Earlaine. 

There’s  a  lot  of  table  stock,  too. 
Seed  is  used  liberally— 25  to  30  bushels 
per  acre.  Evans  has  a  Trexler  cutter 
that  works  well  for  all  varieties  but 
Chippewa,  which  has  very  few  eyes 
at  the  stem  end.  The  stock  is  sorted 
before  cutting  so  that  tubers  under  2 
inches  and  over  3  y2  inches  are  not  run 
through.  Four  workers  operate  the 
cutter  nicely  and  do  about  four  times 
as  much  per  man  as  by  hand. 

A  2-row  picker-planter  is  used,  and 
5-10-10  fertilizer  is  applied  with  the 
planter.  A  full  ton  per  acre  has  prov¬ 
ed  profitable.  The  weeds  are  murder¬ 
ed  early  through  the  use  of  a  tractor- 
drawn  weeder  twice  a  week.  Then 
only  two  cultivations  are  required.  A 
2-row  digger  gets  the  spuds  out  of  the 
soil,  ready  for  hand  picking. 

SELLING  TABLE  STOCK 

The  top-grade  table  stock  goes  into 
15-pound  paper  bags  under  Empire 
State  mark.  The  bag  situation  this 
year  is  changed,  but  potatoes  will  be 
bagged.  Burlap  is  scarce,  but  there  is 
plenty  of  cotton  which  will  be  used  for 
the  certified  seed.  There  apparently 
will  be  plenty  of  15-pound  and  50- 
pound  paper  bags.  A  Boggs  grader  is 
used,  with  fluorescent  light  to  help  the 
sorters. 

Dusting  has  proved  effective  in  con¬ 
trol  of  potato  diseases  and  insects  of 
all  crops.  The  new  insoluble  copper 
dusts  are  used  for  potato  blight,  having 
proved  as  effective  as  copper-lime. 
This  new  dust  can  be  applied  any  time 
the  wind  does  not  blow,  with  vines  wet 
or  dry.  Copper-lime  had  to  be  applied 


to  wet  vines  to  get  a  quick  bordeaux, 
and  that  meant  night  dusting  for  a 
large  acreage.  Dusting  has  proved  to 
be  more  economical  when  time  and 
material  costs  are  considered.  The 
duster  is  an  eight-row,  three-nozzle- 
per-row,  tractor-driven  rig.  Both  trac¬ 
tor  and  duster  are  rubber  tired  for 
ease  on  the  vines  and  for  quick  trans¬ 
portation  from  field  to  field. 

BIG  STORE  HOUSE 

Mr.  Evans  has  a  25,000-bushel,  in¬ 
sulated  storage  of  wooden  construc¬ 
tion,  above  ground.  It  is  120x45  feet 
and  14  feet  high  at  the  eave.  The  wall 
is  filled  with  8  inches  of  shavings. 
There  is  an  earth  floor,  and  steel 
columns  mark  off  the  bins  and  the 
center  drive.  The  cost  was  around 
$3,700  or  about  15c  a  bushel. 

OTHER  CROPS 

When  you  get  tired  hearing  about 
potatoes,  you  can  ask  Red  Evans  a  lot 
of  questions  about  other  vegetable 
crops.  He  grows  about  25  acres  of 
Boston  Marrow  squash,  5  acres  of  Blue 
Hubbards,  and  15  to  20  acres  of  ruta¬ 
bagas. 

Rutabagas  require  a  cool  climate — - 
most  of  our  supply  comes  from  Can¬ 
ada.  Evans  thins  them  to  10  or  12 
inches  in  the  row.  Philadelphia  wants 
them  a  bit  small;  5  inches  in  diameter 
is  good,  3  to  6  inches  acceptable.  Long 


Island  Improved  is  the  variety.  The 
roots  are  waxed  before  shipping,  using 
warm  paraffin  and  the  dipping  process 
as  is  done  in  Canada. 

It  is  visits  to  farms  like  that  of  H. 
J.  Evans  that  furnish  real  education, 
and  one  could  hardly  make  a  better 
recommendation  to  the  young  folks 
than  to  back  their  schooling  with  a  job 
on  such  a  place  as  his.  After  all,  there 
are  many  farmers  who  are  doing  keen, 
thoughtful,  and  successful  jobs. 

—  A.  A. — 

"ON-THE-LEVEL” 

FARMER 

((AT  FIRST  we  did  not  look  to  cul- 

xYtivate  crooked  rows,  but  we  are 
getting  used  to  it  now.”  This  is  a 
statement  made  by  Carl  Mott,  a  Mas¬ 
ter  Farmer,  located  near  Dryden,  New 
York,  in  Tompkins  County.  Even  to¬ 
day  there  are  a  few  farmers  who  take 
erosion  as  one  of  those  things  that  goes 
with  farming.  There  are  many  others 
who  recognize  the  problem  but  hesi¬ 
tate  to  give  up  their  straight  rows. 
This  is  not  strange,  for  since  the  be¬ 
ginning  of  time  people  in  all  walks  of 
life  have  resisted  changes. 

Mr.  Mott  says,  “In  August,  1922,  we 
had  a  hard  rain  which  washed  away  a 
lot  of  topsoil  together  with  at  least 
40  bushels  of  potatoes.  It  was  about 
20  years  ago  that  tractors  came  into 
the  picture.  When  we  got  them  on 
our  farm,  we  worked  up  and  down  the 
hill  in  order  to  have  longer  rows.  Some 
seasons  we  did  not  lose  much  soil  and 
others,  when  the  ground  was  worked 
up  good  and  mellow,  we  found  it  down 
below,  on  its  way  to  Cayuga  Lake.” 

Mr.  Mott  goes  on  to  say,  “In  1934 
we  had  a  large  field  all  plowed.  We 
plowed  it  in  the  fall  and  in  the  spring 
we  put  on  manure  and  superphos¬ 
phate  and  planted  it  to  corn.  Early 
in  the  spring  we  had  a  heavy  rain  and 
it  washed  enough  soil  off  the  field  so 
that  the  road  ditch  was  completely 
filled  with  soil.  Then  the  following 
winter  we  manured  it  again  and  plowed 
it  in  the  spring.  Then  the  1935  flood 
came  along  and  took  a  lot  more  top¬ 
soil  and  this  time  the  road  ditch  and 
all  went  out.  The  experience  with  this 
field  made  me  think  a  little  and  I  won¬ 
dered  if  something  couldn’t  be  done 
about  it,  so  in  1936  I  talked  with  Harry 
Morse,  our  county  agent.  He  obtain¬ 
ed  some  specialists’  help  from  the  Col¬ 
lege  and  they  helped  me  lay  out  a  sys¬ 
tem  of  contour  strips  and  diversion 
terraces.” 

Mr.  Mott  has  farmed  on  the  level 
for  five  years  now  and  even  though 
several  hard  rains  have  occurred  dur¬ 
ing  this  period,  he  has  experienced  lit¬ 
tle  or  no  loss  of  topsoil  pr  water.  His 
yields  are  coming  up. — Warren  C.  Huff. 


This  is  a  dwarf  apple  tree  on  the  grounds  of  the  New  York  State  Experiment  Station 
at  Geneva.  There  has  been  renewed  interest  in  dwarf  apples  for  the  home  garden, 
largely  due  to  the  use  of  better  root  stalks  for  grafting.  Their  chief  advantages  are 
that  they  take  little  room,  come  into  bearing  quickly,  and  are  easy  to  spray  or  dust. 


Paul  Work 


(570)  4 


American  Agriculturist,  October  24,  1942 


PAG  E 


Address  all  mall  lor  Editorial  or  Advertl*. 
log  departments  to  Ameriean  Agriculturist, 
Savings  Bank  Building.  Ithaca.  New  York. 


DON’T  MISS  YOUR  VOTE 

E  OF  American  Agriculturist  never  make 
any  suggestions  as  to  what  party  or  can¬ 
didates  our  readers  should  vote  for.  We  do  em- 

phasize  most  emphatically  the  point  that  every 

citizen  should  vote.  The  election  this  year  is 

Tuesday,  November  3. 

There  are  only  two  ways  by  which  a  farmer 
can  record  his  support  or  his  opposition  to  pub¬ 
lic  policies  that  affect  his  business  and  his  life, 
or  register  his  approval  or  disapproval  of  politi¬ 
cal  candidates.  One  of  these  ways  by  which  you 
can  make  your  influence  felt  is  through  your 
farm  organization  or  cooperative.  We  have  had 
a  good  example  of  that  recently  in  the  grand 
fight  that  the  farm  organizations  put  up  in 
Washington  for  a  fair  deal  in  determining  farm 
prices  so  that  farmers  can  continue  to  produce 
food  to  win  the  war. 

The  other  way  by  which  you  can  determine 
important  policies  is  by  voting  at  the  polls.  You 
may  say  that  farmers  are  so  far  out-numbered 
by  city  people  that  their  vote  doesn’t  count. 
This  is  not  true.  To  be  sure,  the  city  population 

outnumbers  those  who  live  in  the  country,  but 
elections  are  often  decided  by  small  pluralities. 
There  are  many  people  in  the  city  who  think 
as  farmers  do  and  will  vote  as  you  do.  Those, 
taken  together  with  your  vote,  make  a  balance 
of  power  which  can  swing  almost  any  election 
your  way,  providing  —  and  here  is  the  point  — 

farmers  turn  out  to  the  last  citizen  and  vote  for 

men  who  will  fight  for  right  and  fair  policies. 

You  may  say  also  that  the  candidates,  and 
particularly  elected  public  officers,  pay  no  at¬ 
tention  to  the  voters.  Don’t  fool  yourself  this 
way.  One  of  the  best  safeguards  of  our  Republic 
is  the  fact  that  our  representatives  in  public  of¬ 
fice  seldom  decide  any  policy  without  consider¬ 
ing  what  you,  the  voters,  are  going  to  think 
about  it. 

Never  have  the  issues  been  more  important 
than  they  are  in  these  war  times.  Never  was  the 
need  of  voting  more  acute  than  now,  nor  the 
privilege  more  precious.  That  is  what  we  are 
fighting  for.  What  if  it  does  take  some  time  and 
trouble  to  get  to  the  polls?  How  would  you  feel 
if  you  were  in  conquered  France  and  had  lost 
your  privilege  of  voting?  In  times  of  great  na¬ 
tional  stress  like  these,  vital  fundamental 
changes  are  rapidly  taking  place  that  will  for¬ 
ever  affect  your  lives  and  those  of  your  descend- 
ents  for  generations  to  come.  For  example,  after 
this  war  are  you  going  to  permit  centralization 
of  government  to  continue,  or  will  you  insist 
that  the  control  of  your  lives  and  business  be 
returned  to  yourselves  and  your  communities? 
That  is  just  one  of  a  dozen  policies  that  some¬ 
one  will  decide.  You  can  have  some  part  in  that 
vital  decision  if  you  will. 

WHAT  FARMERS  THINK 

INCE  THE  war  started,  the  editors  of 
American  Agriculturist  have  cut  down  all 
unnecessary  travelling,  but  I  have  always  said 
that  it  is  impossible  to  edit  a  farm  paper  sitting 
at  a  desk,  so  we  are  continuing  on  a  reduced 
basis  to  get  out  on  the  farms  and  find  out  what 
really  is  going  on  and  what  our  readers  are 
thinking  about. 

With  that  thought  in  mind,  I  have  just  attend¬ 
ed  two  representative  district  meetings  of  the  G. 


L.  F.,  one  at  Moorestown,  New  Jersey,  and  one 
at  Tunkhannock,  Pennsylvania,  attended  by 
nearly  four  hundred  Pennsylvania  farmers. 

It  didn’t  take  long  to  find  out  what  was  on 
the  minds  of  these  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania 
farmers.  It  was  just  what  is  on  your  mind. 
First  and  foremost  on  farmers’  minds  is  how  are 

they  going  to  continue  to  produce  enough  food 
to  win  this  war  with  skilled  labor  being  con¬ 
stantly  drained  from  the  farms. 

The  farmers  at  the  Tunkhannock  meeting  felt 
so  strongly  about  this  that  they  voted  unani¬ 
mously  to  send  to  General  Hershey,  who  heads 
the  Selective  Service  and  helps  to  make  Draft 
Board  policies,  a  telegram  emphasizing  the  need 
of  keeping  skilled  farm  help  on  the  farms. 

MAD  FARMERS 

Another  situation  that  farmers  are  thorough¬ 
ly  angered  about  is  the  abuse  of  farmers  by  con¬ 
sumers  and  their  leaders  in  the  large  cities  be¬ 
cause  farmers  are  asking  for  price  ceilings  on 
farm  products  that  will  enable  them  to  hire  the 
help  to  continue  to  produce  enough  food.  One 
farmer  said  to  me : 

“If  some  of  these  birds  want  my  job,  they’d  bet¬ 
ter  try  it.  A  year  or  so  from  now,  when  the  food 
shortage  comes,  they’ll  be  singing  another  tune  — 
but  that  may  be  too  late.” 

PATRIOTIC 

It  was  interesting  to  note,  however,  that  no 
matter  how  provoked  farmers  are  over  the  un¬ 
fair  attitude  of  many  city  and  political  leaders, 
yet  the  sentiment  is  unanimous  that  no  matter 
what  happens  or  how  hard  the  job,  the  farmer  is 
determined  to  continue  to  do  his  part  to  help 
win  this  war. 

At  Pittstown,  New  Jersey,  we  stopped  for  a 
few  moments  at  the  farm  home  of  Clifford  E. 
Snyder.  Mr.  Snyder  is  a  Master  Farmer,  and 
deserves  the  title.  His  buildings  and  storage 
houses  are  filled  to  overflowing  with  the  prod¬ 
ucts  of  the  harvest,  giving  one  a  comfortable 
feeling  when  he  realizes  how  badly  the  world 
is  in  need  of  food  right  now.  Much  of  the  corn 
used  to  feed  Mr.  Snyder’s  large  dairy  herd  and 
flocks  of  hens  is  grown  on  the  home  farm.  It  was 
interesting  to  note  that  these  large  fields  of  corn 
were  picked  and  husked  by  a  corn  picker  taking 
two  rows  at  a  time,  thus  saving  a  tremendous 
amount  of  hard  work  in  husking  it. 

RYE  GRASS  IN  CORN 

I  was  much  interested  also  to  find  Mr.  Sny¬ 
der’s  cornfields  covered  with  a  very  heavy 
growth  of  rye  grass,  with  a  good  spreading  root 
system,  sowed  right  after  the  last  cultivation. 
Next  spring  the  corn  stalks  and  that  good 
growth  of  rye  grass  will  be  plowed  under.  Ex¬ 
cept  for  the  necessity  of  rotation  to  control  dis¬ 
ease,  the  returning  of  such  a  heavy  growth  of 
humus  to  the  soil  by  this  method  would  make 
it  possible  to  grow  corn  without  any  large 
amount  of  other  fertilizer  year  after  year  on  the 
same  ground.  I  can  see  no  reason  whatever  why 
farmers  in  New  York  and  New  England  could 
not  maintain  fertility  at  little  expense  by  this 
practice  of  sowing  rye  grass  after  the  last  culti¬ 
vation  of  the  corn. 

BEAUTIFUL  COUNTRY 

Leaving  Mr.  Snyder’s  farm  we  drove  through 
the  fine  productive  farm  lands  of  New  Jersey 
and  Pennsylvania,  finally  crossing  the  mountains 


to  come  down  into  the  Susquehanna  Valley  in 
New  York  State.  As  I  travelled  across  this  coun¬ 
try  at  late  harvest  time,  and  at  a  time  of  year 
when  all  of  the  countryside  is  ablaze  with  glori¬ 
ous  color,  it  seemed  hard  to  understand  how 
man  himself  can  make  so  much  trouble  in  a 
world  so  generous  in  natural  resources  and  so 
filled  with  beauty. 

BRAGGIN’  AGAIN  ! 

AST  NIGHT,  October  14,  I  ate  one  of  the 
best  strawberry  shortcakes  I  ever  had,  made 
from  strawberries  picked  yesterday  from  our 
own  garden.  Beat  that  if  you  can!  Fresh  straw¬ 
berries  in  October  seem  something  wonderful  to 
me,  when  I  remember  how  short  the  strawberry 
season  was  when  I  was  a  boy. 

I  set  these  ever-bearing  plants  altogether  too 
late  last  spring,  and  had  it  not  been  for  the 
copious  rains  which  followed  immediately  after 
setting,  most  of  the  plants  would  have  died.  But 
they  came  along  in  good  shape,  and  now  have 
several  quarts  of  green  and  some  ripe  berries  on 
them.  Next  year  we  will  have  strawberries  from 
June  to  frost  time. 

I  keep  mentioning  these  garden  items  not  real¬ 
ly  to  brag,  but  to  emphasize  how  much  a  good 
garden  can  reduce  the  cost  of  living  and  im¬ 
prove  the  family  table. 

CAUTION ! 

T  A  LOCAL  farm  auction  yesterday  a 
grade  cow  sold  for  $210.  The  rest  of  the 
dairy  went  almost  as  high,  and  most  of  the  farm 
machinery  sold  for  higher  prices  than  the  farmer 
paid  for  it  when  it  was  new.  It  was  a  cash  sale. 

I  think  it  is  time  for  farmer  buyers  to  stop, 
look,  and  listen.  Those  are  inflation  prices.  I  do 

not  believe  that  there  is  anything  in  the  present 
situation  that  justifies  paying  $210  for  an  aver¬ 
age  grade  cow.  There  may  be  cases  where  a 
farmer  is  sadly  in  need  of  some  farm  machinery 
replacement  that  may  justify  his  paying  a  price 
higher  than  the  machine  is  ordinarily  worth.  But 
while  farm  machinery  is  scarce,  some  new  ma¬ 
chinery  can  still  be  bought,  and  much  of  the  old 
can  be  repaired. 

When  the  war  is  over  there  will  likely  be  a 
brief  period  of  continued  prosperity.  After  that, 
there  is  almost  certain  to  be  a  depression  such 
as  we  have  never  seen  before.  Therefore,  it  is 
just  plain  commonsense  for  farmers  to  pay  off 
the  mortgage  and  their  other  debts  and  not  con¬ 
tinue  to  go  in  debt  at  present,  thinking  that  good 
farm  prices  are  going  to  last  forever.  They  won’t. 

EASTMAN’S  CHESTNUT 

ERE’S  MY  son  Don’s  favorite  story: 
Three  hermits  lived  together  for  twenty 
years  and  grew  to  hate  one  another  so  much 
that  they  never  spoke.  One  day  a  horse  went  by. 
After  six  years  the  first  hermit  said: 

“Nice  chestnut  horse!” 

Four  more  years  passed,  and  the  second  her¬ 
mit  said : 

“That  horse  looked  grey  to  me.” 

Six  years  more  rolled  around,  and  the  third 
hermit  started  to  pack  up. 

“Where  are  you  going?”  asked  the  first  and 
second  hermits. 

To  which  the  third  one  replied: 

“I’m  leaving.  I  can’t  stand  so  much  wrang¬ 


ling!’ 


Oonsfrucril ’e  and  Progressive  Since  1842.  Volume  139  No.  22.  Published  every  other  Saturday  at  10  North  Cherry  St..  Poughkeepsie .  N.  Y.— Editorial  and 
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American  Agriculturist,  October  24,  1942 


5  (571) 


Farm  Truck  Owners 


HecuH  *74 a! 


ON  PAGE  3  of  the  October  10  issue, 
we  referred  to  the  “Certificate  of 
War  Necessity.”  Starting  November 
15,  all  truck  owners  must  have  such  a 
“Certificate”  before  they  can  buy  gas¬ 
oline,  oil,  tires  or  parts.  We  stated 
that  the  Office  of  Defense  Transporta¬ 
tion  was  already  mailing  forms  to  truck 
owners  to  be  filled  out.  Probably  you 
have  received  one  with  a  note  on  the 
envelop  saying  that  it  must  be  filled 
out  and  returned  within  ten  days. 

More  recently,  provision  has  been 
made  for  giving  farmers  some  assist¬ 
ance  in  filling  out  these  forms,  with  the 
understanding  that  it  is  not  essential 
that  they  be  filled  out  and  returned 
within  ten  days  of  receipt.  In  each 
county,  a  Farm  Transportation  Com¬ 
mittee  of  five  members  and  four  alter¬ 
nates  has  been  named.  The  Chairman 
is  the  Chairman  of  the  County  U.S.D.A. 
War  Board;  or,  if  he  is  unable  to  serve, 
he  appoints  a  member  of  the  County 
A.A.A.  Committee  as  Chairman. 

On  the  Committee  there  will  be  a 
farmer  representing  the  principal  type 
of  agriculture  in  the  county,  one  who 
is  engaged  in  the  second  most  impor¬ 
tant  type  of  agriculture,  someone  rep¬ 
resenting  truck  transportation  service 
for  agricultural  commodities,  and  a 
dealer  in  farm  supplies.  The  Com¬ 
mittee  will  serve  without  pay. 

Help  for  You 

The  first  job  of  the  Committee  is  to 
help  farmers  fill  out  the  forms  receiv¬ 
ed  from  the  Office  of  Defense  Trans¬ 
portation;  and  October  22,  23  and  24 
have  been  set  as  the  days  when  such 
help  will  be  given.  The  county  head¬ 
quarters  of  this  Farm  Transportation ' 
Committee  is  the  office  of  the  County 
U.S.D.A.  War  Board.  The  chairman 
of  the  War  Board  is  also  chairman  of 
the  County  Agricultural  Conservation 
Committee.  If  jiou  do  not  know  him, 
ask  your  county  farm  bureau  agent. 
This  should  be  good  news  for  farmers, 
for  to  many  the  filling  out  of  this  form 
will  look  like  a  tough  job. 

If  you  do  not  receive  a  blank  in  the 
mail,  apply  for  one  at  the  nearest  Field 
Office  of  the  Office  of  Defense  Trans¬ 
portation,  the  address  of  which  you  can 
get  from  your  County  Farm  Transpor¬ 
tation  Committee. 

The  next  duty  of  the  Farm  Trans¬ 
portation  Committee  will  be  to  help 
develop  plans  for  conserving  transpor¬ 
tation.  They  will  be  asked  to  give  in¬ 
formation  which  will  be  used  by  local 
price  and  rationing  boards  in  rationing 
tires,  tubes,  re-caps,  gasoline,  and  oth¬ 
er  fuels.  Their  aim,  of  course,  will  be 
to  help  you  get  the  tires  and  gas  you 
need  for  essential  driving. 

Certificates  of  War  Necessity  are  not 
required  for  private  passenger  cars, 
but  will  be  required  on  all  trucks  and 
buses.  They  are  not  intended  to  ham¬ 
per  necessary  farm  traffic,  but  rather 
to  make  sure  that  tires  will  last  and 
that  gas  will  be  available  to  continue 
to  do  the  job.  It  is  estimated  that  one 
and  one-half  million  trucks  affected  by 
this  Order  are  used  in  transporting 
farm  products  and  farm  supplies. 

Why  Necessary 

You  may  wonder  as  to  the  impor¬ 
tance  of  these  “Certificates  of  War 
Necessity.”  Here  is  the  situation.  Our 
railroads  are  operating  close  to  capac¬ 
ity.  Even  if  they  had  more  locomotives 
and  cars  available,  the  railroads  could 
not  do  the  job  that  trucks  and  buses 
are  doing  because  these  trucks  and 


buses  are  serving  many  areas  which 
do  not  parallel  railroads.  Therefore, 
most  of  these  trucks  and  buses  are  ab¬ 
solutely  essential  in  our  war  effort. 

In  the  United  States  there  are  close 
to  5,000,000  non-military  trucks  and 
about  154,000  buses.  Furthermore,  no 
new  trucks  are  being  built  for  civilian 
use;  plants  that  formerly  manufactur¬ 
ed  them  are  making  military  trucks 
and  other  war  products.  As  yet,  most 
repair  parts  are  available,  but  there  is 
likely  to  be  a  shortage  in  this  line. 

A  Program 

The  Baruch-Conant-Compton  Com¬ 
mittee,  appointed  by  the  President  to 
study  and  report  on  the  rubber  situa¬ 
tion,  estimates  that  from  January  1, 


1942,  to  January  1,  1944,  we  will  need 
(exclusive  of  passenger  car  tires) 
842,000  tons  of  crude  rubber.  The  esti¬ 
mated  supply,  including  possible  im¬ 
ports,  is  631,000  tons — way  below  what 
we  will  need.  To  meet  the  situation, 
the  Committee  recommends:  first, 
pushing  the  present  synthetic  rubber 
program  at  top  speed;  and  second,  safe¬ 
guarding  every  ounce  of  rubber  on 
hand.  Now  on  the  wheels  of  cars, 
trucks,  and  buses  are  about  one  mil¬ 
lion  tons  of  rubber,  but  it  is  being  used 
up  eight  times  as  fast  as  it  can  be  re¬ 
placed.  To  meet  this  situation,  the 
Baruch-Conant-Compton  Committee 
makes  seven  recommendations  as  fol¬ 
lows  : 

1.  Speed  limit  of  35  miles  per  hour  to 
prolong  tire  life  40  per  cent. 

2.  Reduction  of  25  per  cent  in  average 
annual  car  mileage — from  6,700 
miles  to  5,000 — (non-essential  driv¬ 
ing  much  less  than  5,000;  essential 
driving  more). 

3.  More  rubber  than  at  present  to  be 
released  fully  to  maintain,  by  re¬ 
capping  or  new  tires,  necessary 

( Continued  on  Page  17) 


GROWING  UP  IN  THE 
HORSE  AND  RUGGY  DAYS 

—  True  Stories  By  Our  Readers  — 


CORN  HUSKING  DAYS 

B y  MRS.  E.  M.  STUFFLEBEAM, 
Bakersfield,  Vermont. 

( Number  Seven) 

WHEN  I  was  a  youngster  we  all 
looked  forward  to  corn  husking 
season.  I  can  still  in  memory  smell 
the  fragrant  perfume  of  drying  corn 
stocks  and  shall  never  forget  how  the 
long  barn  floor  looked  as  it  was  piled 
with  the  bundles  of  corn,  tier  upon  tier. 
They  always  attempted  to  have  it  filled 
clear  up  to  the  doors  before  a  spell  of 
rainy  weather.  The  men  were  usually 
so  busy  with  gathering  apples,  potatoes 
and  butternuts,  as  well  as  plowing, 


that  a  large  share  of  the  husking  was 
done  at  night. 

Many  an  evening  as  soon  as  the 
milking  was  finished  at  the  barn  and 
the  dishes  dried  in  the  house,  Father 
would  call  for  all  of  us,  boys  and  girls 
alike,  to  come  out  to  husk  corn  and 
we  would  eagerly  troop  out  after  him. 
He  would  hang  a  kerosene  lantern  on 
a  beam  over  the  place  where  we  were 
to  husk  and  commence  to  break  off  ears. 
He  would  pull  a  bundle  over  his  knees, 
break  off  the  ears  and  throw  them  on 
the  floor  near  the  basket  where  we 
would  grab  and  husk  them.  He  twist¬ 
ed  them  off  so  fast  that  there  was 
plenty  to  keep  five  and  six  of  us  busy 


r  *07  rp 


'/Jld  *  &  '  ,  i  w-»  --  j 

e_Song  of  the  Lbzij  Farjri 


M’ 


'irandy’S  havin’  trouble 
now  a-tryin’  hard  to  Ag¬ 
ger  how  to  find  herself 
enough  to  do,  now  that  the 
summer  work  is  thru;  for  all 
that’s  left  is  corn  to  pick, 
one  field  to  plow  down  by  the 
crick.  This  summer,  what 
with  makin’  hay  and  drivin’ 
tractors  ev’ry  day,  a-cannin’ 
fruit  and  cuttin’  oats  and 
scrubbin’  floors  and  feedin’ 
shoats,  or  milkin’  cows  and 
bakin’  pies,  then  washin’ 
clothes  and  swattin’  flies,  a 
Vict’ry  garden  to  be  hoed, 
torn  overalls  that  must  be 
sewed,  500  hens  to  worry 
’bout  and  Red  Cross  work 
when  she  went  out,  her  hours 
have  been  a  little  long,  and 
now  she  thinks  that  she’s 
done  wrong  by  cuttin’  down 
to  12  a  day,  she  thinks  that 
she’ll  get  old  that  way. 

Mirandy  ought  to  learn 
from  me,  somehow  I  never 
quite  could  see  the  sense  to  workin’  like  a  mule,  I  think  that  any  man’s  a 
fool  who  goes  like  blazes  part  the  time  and  then  considers  it  a  crime  just 
’cause  he  can  not  work  like  sin  when  winter  comes  a-blowin’  in.  I  like  to 
even  out  my  year  so  winter  time  don’t  seem  so  drear,  and  summer  isn’t 
just  a  time  to  work  and  sweat  in  dust  and  grime.  My  plan  is  simple  as 
can  be,  the  only  problem  is,  you  see,  to  work  out  spare-time  hours  so 
that  you  don’t  have  some  both  lean  and  fat.  In  winter  time,  I  do  the 
chores  and  then  I  settle  down  indoors  to  catch  up  on  the  magazines,  at 
least  till  Mandy  intervenes.  Then  when  the  springtime  rolls  around  and 
frost  begins  to  leave  the  ground,  there’s  still  the  chores  to  do,  by  gee, 
but  spare  time’s  spent  beneath  a  tree. 


The  Amateur  Poet’s 
Corner 


Because  of  the  number  of  contributions 
we  do  not  return  poems  not  published, 
Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem'. 

The  limit  in  length  is  sixteen  (16)  lines 
and  each  poem  submitted  for  this  corner 
must  be  original  and  the  work  of  an 
amateur  poet.  Therefore,  when  sending 
in  a  poem,  be  sure  to  state  whether  you 
are  the  author  of  it.  $2,00  will  be  paid 
for  each  one  printed.  Check  will  be  mail¬ 
ed  on  or  about  the  first  day  of  month 
following  publication. 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist,  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Postscript  to  a  Prayer 

I  thank  Thee,  God,  for  all  the  common 
things, 

The  slant  of  silver  rain,  a  stark  tree’s 
height. 

The  touch  of  breathless  winds  against 
my  cheek, 

Far-shining  stars  that  splash  the  sud¬ 
den  night. 

I  thank  Thee,  God,  for  all  the  little 
things; 

Pale  lamplight  caught  within  a  window 
square, 

Blue  flowers  in  a  fragile  yellow  bowl, 
Amd  tiny  fingerprints  along  the  stair. 

— Blanche  LaBelle  Sweeney, 
Burlington,  Vermont. 

while  he  emptied  the  overflowing  basket 
and  got  back  to  breaking  ears  again. 

Not  only  did  Father  manage  to  get 
from  fifteen  to  twenty  baskets  of  com 
husked  every  night  but  he  entertained 
and  educated  us  at  the  same  time.  He 
had  a  stock  of  wild  Indian  and  big 
Bear  stories  that  would  make  delicious 
thrills  run  up  and  down  our  spines  and 
our  eyes  bulge  with  delight.  We  al¬ 
ways  begged  him  for  several  every 
night. 

One  particular  Fall  after  Father  had 
bought  a  new  organ,  we  had  our  first 
music  lessons  while  we  husked.  While 
the  ears  of  corn  were  flying  on  the 
floor  or  in  the  basket,  Father  would 
snap  out  such  questions  as:  “What  let¬ 
ter  is  on  the  third  line?”  “What  letter 
is  in  the  fourth  space?”  “What  line  is 
C  on?”  often  interspersed  with,  “When 
did  Columbus  discover  America?”  or 
“What  is  the  Capital  of  Maryland?” 
There  was  always  a  sharp  contest  to 
determine  who  could  answer  first.  Per¬ 
haps  he  earned  the  right  to  be  proud 
of  his  youngsters  when  they  went  to 
high  school,  as  four  graduated  with 
first  honors  and  two  with  second. 
Doubtless  the  corn  huskings  had 
something  to  do  with  the  result. 

And  best  of  all,  not  only  did  we  re¬ 
ceive  entertainment,  lessons  in  history, 
geography  and  music  but  we  were  paid 
for  husking  the  corn.  Every  Satur¬ 
day  night,  upon  rendering  an  account, 
we  received  one-half  cent  per  bushel 
for  every  bushel  we  had  helped  with. 

I  well  remember  my  chagrin  and 
discomfort  one  Saturday  night  when 
settling-up  time  came.  Upon  being 
asked  for  my  account,  I  replied  by 
saying  that  mine  was  exactly  like  my 
older  sister’s,  that  I  had  husked  into 
the  same  number  of  baskets  that  she 
had  so  did  not  see  the  need  of  keeping 
an  account.  Father  told  me  that  as  I 
had  no  account  against  him  he  owed 
me  nothing.  I  felt  his  decision  very 
unjust.  It  seemed  like  such  a  tragedy 
that  night  that  I  went  to  bed  filled 
with  self-pity  and  grief,  thinking  that 
I  had  worked  hard  all  the  week  and 
then  been  cheated  out  of  my  pay. 

A  week  from  that  night,  my  account 
was  ready.  I  had  borrowed  dates  and 
number  of  bushels  from  sister  and  kept 
my  own  account  for  that  week,  adding 
the  two  together.  Father  looked  it 
.over  very  carefully  and,  with  a  twinkle 
in  his  eye,  said  it  appeared  to  be  per¬ 
fectly  correct  and  cheerfully  paid  me 
the  total.  I  have  found  this  early 
training  in  business  to  have  been  a 
valuable  asset  to  me. 


(572)  6 


★  ★  ★  ★  ★  ★  ★  ★  ★ 

CONSERVE  FUEL! 

★  ★  A  •*•  *  ★  ★  ★★ 


Aj  lencan  Agriculturist,  October  24,  1942 

„  'V 


YOU.*  YOUR  FARM 
W2Sfe>  WA 


*  V  *  *  ★  ******★*> 


Are  You  Doing  Your  Part? 


★  WEATHER  PROOF  YOUR  HOUSE...  —  Install  storm  windows  and 
doors  or  install  weather  stripping  ... —  Insulate  ceilings  and  walls  ... — 
Keep  fireplace  dampers  tightly  closed  or  openings  sealed  when  not  in  use. 


UTICA  Boilers  and 
Radiators  are  efficient 
and  economical. 


★  AVOID  OVER  HEATING - Wear  suffi¬ 

cient  clothing  and  maintain  lower  temperature 

... _ Turn  off  heat  in  garage  and  sun  porch ...  — 

Turn  off  heat  in  unused  rooms  and  keep  doors 

tightly  closed  ... _ Turn  off  heat  in  bed  rooms 

at  night  while  windows  are  opened. 

★  RECONDITION  HEATING  SYSTEM - 

Have  the  heating  system  inspected  by  a  com¬ 
petent  plumber  or  heating  contractor  paying 
particular  attention  to  air  bound  radiators  and 

air  valves  ... _ Clean  furnace  and  boiler  flues 

... _ Inspect  boilers  and  pipe  insulation... — 

Repaint  bronze  finished  radiators  —  the  applica¬ 
tion  of  ordinary  oil  paint  will  improve  their 
efficiency. 

«  «  *  mma  By  following  these  suggestions  you  can 
effect  substantial  fuel  savings  ... —  Invest  the 
difference  in  WAR  BONDS. 

★  BUY  WAR  BONDS  TODAY  and  put 
them  aside  to  buy  a  new  modern  Utica  Heating 
System  after  the  war  is  won. 


★  We  will  send  you  an  attractive  historical  War 
Savings  Bond  booklet  if  you  will  send  us  your 
name  and  address. 

UTICA  RADIATOR 

CORPORATION 
UTICA,  N.  Y. 


Coming  to 

PHILADELPHIA  ? 

Rooms  with  Bath  for 

HOTFI  Radios  in  Every  Room 

PHILADELPHIAN 

39TH  AND  CHESTNUT  STREETS 
PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 


Quickly  Attached  d 


OTTAWA 

TRACTOR 

DRAG 

SAW 


Falls  Tree, Cuts  Log 

Uses  Power  Take-off 

any  tractor.  Direct  drive.  _ 

Long  stroke.  Saws  fast. 

Easy  on  fuel.  Hundreds  of  satisfied  Write  for  FREE 
users.  Big  labor  saver.  Low  Price.  Book  and  Prices 
OTTAWA  MFG.CO.,  1031  Forest  Ave.,Ottawa,Kans. 


^JUe  fyoAmenA,'  Station 

WTRY 

Invites  you  to  listen  at  12:15 
every  noon  except  Sunday 

for  GLF  and  Farm  Bureau  Programs 

« 

980 

ON  YOUR  DIAL 


FOOD  PRICES 

Another  alphabetical  government 
agency  has  been  added  to  the  long  list 
— O.E.S.,  Office  of  Economic  Stabiliza¬ 
tion.  This  is  headed  by  former  Su¬ 
preme  Court  Justice  James  F.  Byrnes. 

Effective  October  5,  60-day  emerg¬ 
ency  price  ceilings  at  Sept.  15  levels 
were  put  on  most  food  items  that  were 
not  already  controlled.  These  include 
butter,  cheese,  evaporated  and  con¬ 
densed  milk,  eggs,  poultry,  flour,  dry 
onions,  potatoes,  fresh  and  canned 
citrus  fruits,  juices,  dry  beans,  c6rn 
meal,  and  mutton. 

There  is  to  be  no  immediate  lower¬ 
ing  of  these  prices,  but  when  tempor¬ 
ary  price  ceilings  at  present  levels  ex¬ 
pire,  there  may  be  some  lowering  of 
the  ceiling,  rumor  indicating  that  we 
may  see  price  cuts  on  butter,  cheese, 
evaporated  milk,  and  condensed  milk. 

Rent  controls  were  also  extended  to 
all  defense  areas.  Wages  cannot  be 
increased  without  approval  from  the 
National  War  Labor  Board,  which  will 
be  given  only  where  necessary  to  cor¬ 
rect  inequalities,  eliminate  below- 
standard  living  conditions  or  to  aid  in 
the  effective  prosecution  of  the  war. 
(Editor's  Note:  These  exceptions  make 
a  good-sized  loophole  for  wage  in¬ 
creases.)  Labor  Board  is  also  pro¬ 
hibited  from  approving  wage  decreases 
except  to  correct  inequalities  or  to  aid 
in  the  prosecution  of  the  war. 

— a.  a. — 

TRUCKS 

In  the  last  issue,  we  mentioned  the 
certificate  of  war  necessity  which 
every  truck  owner  must  secure  in  order 
to  buy  gasoline,  oil,  tires  or  parts.  The 
question  has  been  raised  as  to  whether 
or  not  this  covers  New  York  farmers 
who  have  farm  trucks  covered  by  $1.00 
licenses.  The  answer  is  “yes.”  The 
order  states  that  all  commercial  ve¬ 
hicles  will  require  certificates  ef  war 
necessity. 

Incidentally,  this  is  a  good  time  to 
check  over  your  truck  and  to  get  re¬ 
pair  parts  while  they  are  still  available. 
It  has  been  shown  that  there  are  eleven 
parts  most  likely  to  go  wrong  on  a 
truck.  Here  they  are: 

1.  BRAKES — Excessive  use  and  quick 
stops  are  hard  on  your  brake  linings. 
Check  the  linings  and,  if  badly  worn, 
have  them  relined.  Linings  worn  down 
to  rivets  cause  scored  drums,  and  new 
drums  are  almost  impossible  to  get. 

2.  FUEL  PUMP— It’s  apt  to  go  bad  af¬ 
ter  a  truck  has  been  driven  15,000  to 
20,000  miles.  In  most  popular  models 
of  trucks  the  fuel  pump  can  be  ex¬ 
changed  at  a  very  small  cost. 

3.  SPRINGS  —  Overloading  of  trucks, 
plus  bad  bumps  on  rural  roads,  creates 
strain  that  may  cause  them  to.  break. 
Take  it  easy.  Inspect  the  springs  fre¬ 
quently  for  broken  leaves. 

4.  SPRING  BOLTS  — These  should  be 
kept  tight  at  all  times.  Loose  bolts 
shear  off  easily.  Broken  bolts  may 
cause  broken  spring  leaves. 

5.  FRONT  WHEEL  BUSHINGS— When 
they  are  worn,  your  wheels  have  a 
wobbly  side  motion  which  creates  a 
grinding  action  that  will  wear  out  tires. 
Inspect  the  bushings  and  have  them 
replaced  even  if  slightly  worn. 

6.  VALVES  —  Efficiency  of  an  engine 
depends  largely  upon  the  valves  seat¬ 


ing  properly.  Burnt  and  broken  valves 
cause  loss  of  power.  Have  them  test¬ 
ed  and  replace  any  valve  not  function¬ 
ing  properly. 

7.  RINGS  —  Worn  or  broken  rings 
should  be  replaced  immediately.  Worn 
rings  cause  excessive  oil  consumption, 
carbon  deposits  and  dilution  of  oil  in 
the  crankcase. 

8.  WIRING — Goes  bad  principally  due 
to  oil  and  gasoline  dampening  the  in¬ 
sulation.  Defective  wiring  creates  a 
fire  hazard.  Check  the  wiring  and  re¬ 
place  if  the  insulation  is  worn.  Most 
shorts  are  caused  by  rotten  insulation 
which  results  from  leaking  oil. 

9.  RADIATOR — A  poor  hose  connec¬ 
tion  will  result  in  loss  of  anti-freeze. 
Before  putting  in  this  winter’s  anti¬ 
freeze,  be  sure  to  flush  and  reverse 
flush  your  radiator  and  replace  hose. 
These  are  getting  scarce. 

10.  CARBURETOR— Proper  mainten¬ 
ance  is  important  since  the  carburetor 
not  only  controls  the  fuel  used  but  also 
influences  the  jpwer  output  and  life  of 
the  engine.  Dirt  and  foreign  matter 
of  all  kinds  should  be  kept  at  a  mini¬ 
mum  by  frequent  cleaning  of  gasoline 
filters.  If  not  functioning  properly,  the 
carburetors  on  most  popular  truck 
models  can  be  exchanged  at  a  small 
cost. 

11.  CROSS  MEMBERS  -  When  these 
are  broken  or  thrown  out  of  alignment, 
the  tires  are  punished  by  extra  wear. 
Inspect  periodically  and  replace  or 
weld  any  that  are  broken. 

— a.  a. — 

TIRES 

If  you  have  an  extra  used  tire,  you 
are  no  longer  permitted  to  sell  it  to  a 
friend,  neither  can  you  buy  one.  All 
used  tires  have  been  frozen  in  the 
hands  of  the  present  owners.  You  can 
still  buy  a  used  car  and  the  used  tires 
on  it,  and  dealers  are  allowed  to  shift 
used  tires  from  one  car  to  another  own¬ 
ed  by  them.  At  the  end  of  the  “freeze” 
period,  used  tires  will  be  rationed. 
Further  evidence  of  the  transportation 
shortage  is  an  order  from  the  O.D.T. 
freezing  passenger  train  schedules  and 
forbidding  any  special  trains  or  extra 
sections  to  regular  trains.  Neither  can 
any  new  trains  be  scheduled. 

— a.  a. — 

MILK  COOLERS 

It  is  no  longer  necessary  to  go  to 
Washington  to  get  permission  to  buy 
a  milk  cooler.  It  is  claimed  that  the 
War  Production  Board  never  intended 
that  this  should  be  done;  but  when  an 
order  covering  refrigerating  equipment 
was  issued,  milk  coolers  were  not 
specifically  exempted.  Anyway,  all 
that  is  necessary  now  is  to  convince 
your  County  Rationing  Committee  that 
you  need  a  milk  cooler. 

—  a.  a. — 

EQUIPMENT 

A  bit  of  red  tape  has  been  cut  in  the 
rationing  of  farm  machinery  and  equip¬ 
ment.  Originally  a  long  list  of  smaller 
items,  known  as  Group  B,  could  be 
purchased  only  by  signing  a  statement 
that  the  article  was  necessary  for  cur¬ 
rent  work  on  the  farm.  The  new 
amendment  makes  it  unnecessary  to 
sign  such  a  statement  on  any  itesn 
costing  less  than  $25. 


POLITICAL  ADVERTISEMENT 


A  PERSONAL 
MESSAGE  from 


TOM  DEWEY 


To  Rural  People : 

As  a  candidate  for  the  office  of  Governor  of 
New  York  State,  I  owe  it  to  you  to  make  clear 
the  policies  and  principles  affecting  your  busi¬ 
ness  and  your  lives,  for  which  I  stand  and  for 
which  I  will  fight  if  I  am  elected. 


1.  TO  WIN  THE  WAR 

First  and  most  important  of  all,  I  pledge  full 
cooperation  of  the  government  of  the  State  and 
of  myself  to  do  everything  possible  to  win  the 
war. 

2.  THE  FARM  FRONT  ^ 

Six  million  farmers  in  America  are  charged 
with  the  tremendous  responsibility  of  pro¬ 
ducing  food  for  our  own  one  hundred  and  thirty 
million  people,  including  the  boys  in  our 
large  Army  and  Navy,  and  for  at  least  a 
hundred  million  more  of  our  Allies.  I  know  that 
because  of  the  drainage  of  manpower  from  our 
farms  the  number  of  our  skilled  food  producers 
is  growing  less  every  day.  I  know  that  a  bad 
drought  or  other  food  production  disaster  might 
cause  us  to  lose  this  war.  There  is  a  Farm 
Front  in  this  country.  It  is  just  as  impor¬ 
tant  as  the  Industrial  Front  and  an  essen¬ 
tial  part  of  the  Fighting  Front.  I  pledge  my 
Administration  to  do  everything  possible  to 
maintain  the  F arm  F ront,  to  stop  the  rapid  drain¬ 
age  of  manpower  from  the  farms,  and  to  convince 
officials  and  consumers  of  the  vital  importance 
of  maintaining  and  increasing  the  food  supply. 

3.  RURAL  TAXATION 

Higher  Federal  income  tax  rates  and  lower 
exemptions  will  force  thousands  of  farmers  who 
have  never  before  paid  income  taxes  to  do  so 
next  year.  These  taxes,  added  to  the  already 
very  high  real  estate  taxes,  will  be  a  terrific 
burden  on  agriculture.  I  recognize  the  sound 
principle  that  neither  individuals,  organiza¬ 
tions,  nor  governments  can  spend  their  way 
out  of  their  financial  difficulties.  Therefore,  I 
pledge  a  State  Administration  based  on  thrift 
and  economy. 

4.  LAW  ENFORCEMENT 

As  District  Attorney  of  New  York  County  I 
have  fought  and  sent  to  jail  the  racketeers,  the 
thugs,  and  those  who  went  outside  of  the  law 
to  rule  by  force  and  intimidation.  If  elected 


Governor  of  this  State,  I  promise  to  enforce 
the  law  throughout  the  State,  without  fear  or 
favor,  including  law  enforcement  in  the  coun¬ 
try  neighborhoods  to  insure  full  protection  of 
farm  people  and  their  property  at  all  times. 

5.  RURAL  BOYS  AND  GIRLS 

In  my  travels  around  the  State  and  through 
other  contacts,  I  have  been  greatly  impressed 
with  the  splendid  work  of  the  4-H  Clubs,  the 
Young  Farmers  Clubs,  the  Rural  Scouts,  and 
the  Juvenile  Granges.  I  feel  that  these  or¬ 
ganizations  are  not  only  giving  farm  boys  and 
girls  the  technical  knowledge  necessary  for 
successful  farmers,  but  what  is  more  important, 
they  are  impressing  them  with  the  dignity  and 
value  of  farming  as  a  business  and  as  a  way  of 
life.  The  State  of  New  York  and  my  Adminis¬ 
tration  can  be  depended  upon  to  support  and 
encourage  these  rural  young ‘people’s  groups  in 
every  way  possible. 

6.  EDUCATION 

The  success  of  any  democracy  depends  upon 
the  education  of  its  people.  That  is  truer  today 
than  it  has  ever  been,  for  the  problems  follow¬ 
ing  this  war  will  be  solved  only  with  the  sup¬ 
port  and  cooperation  of  a  hard-working,  under¬ 
standing,  educated  people.  New  York  State  is 
one  of  the  leaders  of  the  Nation  in  education. 
It  will  be  my  responsibility  as  your  Governor 
to  keep  it  so. 

In  particular,  I  wish  to  emphasize  the 
place  of  agricultural  education  and  re¬ 
search  in  solving  farm  problems.  There  are 
no  panaceas,  no  shortcuts,  in  agriculture.  Many 
of  the  schemes  put  forward  in  recent  years  to 
help  agriculture  have  done  more  harm  than 
good.  If  a  part  of  the  billions  spent  on  these 
schemes  had  been  used  to  find  new  uses  for 
surplus  farm  products,  both  the  farmer  and  the 
consumer  would  have  been  infinitely  benefited, 
and  our  farm  marketing  problem  would  be  at 
least  partially  solved. 

For  example,  enough  time  and  money  spent 
on  research  might  have  solved  our  rubber 


problem,  so  that  we  would  not  now  be  gravely 
handicapped  because  we  are^  dependent  on 
rubber  in  the  hands  of  enemies  on  the  other 
side  of  the  world.  The  great  quantities  of  al¬ 
cohol  and  other  ingredients  needed  to  produce 
synthetic  rubber  are  one  big  answer  to  farm 
surpluses.  Plastics  are  another  example  of  the 
possibilities  of  utilizing  farm  surpluses  and  en¬ 
riching  the  lives  of  consumers. 

I  stand  for  a  policy  of  plenty,  both  in  war¬ 
time  and  peacetime,  instead  of  a  policy  of 
lowered  production  and  of  making  things  scarce. 
With  everyone  needing  more  than  he  has,  there 
should  be  no  surplus  if  we  use  study  and  re¬ 
search  to  develop  outlets. 

7.  FARMER  COOPERATION 

Next  in  importance  to  agricultural  research  I 
put  farm  organization,  controlled  and  operated 
by  farmers.  Cooperation  enables  a  farmer  to 
help  himself  instead  of  depending  on  govern¬ 
ment  crutches.  The  government’s  part  is  to 
encourage  the  cooperative  mdVement. 

8.  GOVERNMENT  BY  THE  PEOPLE 

Even  before  we  entered  the  war,  there  was 
great  centralization  of  power  and  authority  in 
the  Federal  government  and — still  farther  away 
from  the  people’s  representatives — in  its  Execu¬ 
tive  branch.  Some  of  that  centralization  is  now 
necessary  in  order  to  win  the  war.  But  there  is 
no  point  in  spending  our  money  and  the  best 
blood  of  the  country  to  win  a  war  for  world 
freedom  if  we  lose  that  freedom  here  at  home. 
I  believe  that  the  success  of  any  democracy 
lies  in  keeping  the  control  close  to  the 
people,  the  closer  the  better.  Therefore,  our 
greatest  after-the-war  responsibility  is  to  re¬ 
gain  State  and  local  control,  and  to  restore 
government  of  the  people  to  the  people. 

9.  PRESERVE  YOUR  FREEDOM 

At  whatever  personal  sacrifice,  vote  on 
November  3. 


POLITICAL  ADVERTISEMENT 


(574)  8 


I 


calls  for  tools, too ! 


I  YOU  wouldn’t  think  of 
;  sending  your  son  or  hired 
man  into  the  field  to  weed 
with  his  bare  hands.  You 
know  it  takes  tools  to  do  the 
job — and  good  tools  at  that .  .  . 
the  better  the  tools,  the  quicker 
and  better  the  job. 

Today  your  son,  your  neigh¬ 
bor’s  son,  and  one,  two,  three 
million  other  American  armed 
men  are  cleaning  out  the  rank¬ 
est  growth  of  weeds  that  ever 
tried  to  choke  out  America’s 
Garden.  The  weeds  planted 
by  the  Nazis  and  Japs  grow 
fast,  grow  deep,  and  will  not 
yield  to  anything  but  the  finest 
implements  we  can  place  in  the 
hands  of  our  fighting  forces. 


TOMORROW  MAY  BE 
TOO  LATE — too  late  to  use  the 
tools  of  Freedom.  If  ever  the 
weeds  of  Hitlerism,  the  creeping 
grass  of  Japanese  treachery  get 
ahead  of  us,  the  best  tools  in  the 
world  will  not  save  the  Flowers 
of  Freedom  planted  150  years 
ago  by  our  forefathers— planted 
through  their  sacrifice  and 
watered  with  their  blood. 

BUY  WAR  BONDS  TO¬ 
DAY — and  plow  a  furrow  deep 
enough  to  kill  Nazidom  at  its 
roots.  Plow  every  available 
dollar  back  into  War  Bonds. 

Buy  WAR  BONDS  every 
time  you  sell — make  EVERY 
Market  Day  “Bond  Day!” 


YOU  GET  A  $25.00  BOND  FOR  ONLY  $18.75 


Brief  Facts  About  War  Savings  Bonds  (Series  E) 


How  much  do  they  cost? 
You  LEND  Uncle  Sam 

$18.75 . . 

37.50 _ 

75.00 _ _ _ 

375.00 _ 

750.00 . . 


Upon.  Maturity 
You  Get  Back 

_  $25 

_  50 

_  100 

_  500 

_ _  1,000 


WHAT  IS  A  WAR  BOND?  It  Is  a 
written  promise  by  the  United 
States  Government  to  pay  you 
the  amount  of  money  stated  in 
the  Bond. 


WHAT  INTEREST  DOES  MY  MONEY  EARN? 
When  held  10  years,  Bonds  yield 
2.9  percent  on  your  investment, 
compounded  semiannually. 
You  get  back  $4  for  every  $3. 


NOTE.— NOW  YOU  CAN  BUY  WAR  BONDS 
THROUGH  YOUR  RURAL  CARRIER!  ASK  HIM! 


This  space  is  a  contribution  to  America’s  all-out  war  effort  by 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  24,  1942 


SAVING  SEER 

Our  sweet  corn  this  year  was  especially 
fine.  Would  it  be  practical  to  save  oui 
own  seed  to  plant  next  spring? 

Before  you  do,  you  should  check  on 
one  thing.  If  you  grew  a  crossed  corn 
(and  a  large  percentage  of  the  sweet 
corn  varieties  are  crossed),  you  will  be 
greatly  disappointed  if  you  plant  seed 
from  it.  If  the  corn  is  not  a  crossed 
variety,  the  seed  can  be  saved.  How¬ 
ever,  in  general  we  feel  that  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  seed  is  becoming  more  and 
more  specialized  job  and  that  best  re¬ 
sults  can  be  secured  by  buying  seed 
each  year,  being  sure  you  deal  with  a 
reputable  concern. 

—a.  a. — 

CULLING 

To  refresh  my  memory,  will  you  give 
me  the  order  in  which  color  bleaches  out 
of  a  hen’s  body  -when  she  is  producing? 

Color  bleaches  out  of  the  vent  first, 
then  from  the  eye  ring,  the  beak  start¬ 
ing  at  the  base,  the  bottom  of  the 
feet,  the  front  of  the  legs,  the  rear 
of  the  legs,  and  then  from  the  hock 
and  the  tops  of  the  toes.  By  the  time  a 
pullet  has  laid  a  dozen  eggs,  the  beak 
is  bleached  about  one-third  white,  and 
when  she  has  laid  three  dozen  eggs, 
the  beak  is  bleached  entirely  white. 
By  the  time  a  pullet  has  been  in  con¬ 
tinuous  production  for  4  to  6  months, 
the  legs  will  be  white. 

When  a  hen  stops  laying,  the  color 
comes  back  into  her  body  in  the  same 
order  as  it  bleaches  out.  Therefore, 
if  you’re  culling  old  hens  now  and  find 
one  with  the  tip  and  base  of  the  beak 
yellow,  but  the  center  part  white,  it 
tells  you  that  she  started  laying,  that 
she  did  not  lay  very  long  and  then 
stopped.  That  is  a  good  kind  of  cull. 

—  a.  a. — 

PLOW  ADJUSTMENT 

What  is  wrong  when  a  plow  seems  to 
jump  in  the  soil  rather  than  running 
smoothly? 

A  plow  is  held  in  the  ground  because 
the  point  is  bent  slightly  downward. 
If  you  are  plowing  a  field  that  has 
different  types  of  soil,  you  will  find  this 
“jumping”  more  serious  when  you  hit 
a  spot  of  clay.  One  field  adjustment 
that  can  be  made  is  to  lower  the  hitch. 
The  wheel  on  a  plow  is  not  designed  to 
regulate  the  depth  of  plowing.  A  prop¬ 
erly  adjusted  plow  will  run  at  the 
right  depth  without  any  wheel  at  all. 
If  the  plow  is  adjusted  so  it  would  plow 
a  deep  furrow  and  is  prevented  from 
doing  so  by  the  wheel,  the  plow  will 
pull  harder  and  the  point  will  wear 
out  much  faster. 

— a.  a. — 

IIUMUS 

We  live  in  a  village  but  had  an  excel¬ 
lent  garden  this  past  summer.  Several 
times  I  have  read  about  compost  piles, 
and  I  made  one  this  summer.  I  could  also 
put  on  the  garden  the  leaves  which  I  rak¬ 
ed  up  this  fall.  Is  it  all  right  to  do  that, 
or  should  they  be  put  in  a  pile  and  al¬ 
lowed  to  rot  first? 

It  is  possible  to  get  enough  undecayed 
organic  matter  on  a  garden  to  inter¬ 
fere  with  the  proper  growth  of  your 
vegetables  next  spring.  The  reason  is 
that  for  a  time  nitrogen  is  actually 
tied  up  in  the  decaying  process.  Later 
it  again  becomes  available  to  the 
plant.  I  doubt,  however,  if  there  is 
much  danger  when  the  leaves  are  put 
on  in  the  fall.  I  would  suggest  that 
you  spread  your  compost  pile  and  that, 
in  addition,  you  put  on  some  of  the 
leaves  and  have  the  garden  plowed  this 
fall  so  you  can  start  work  early  in  the 


spring.  If  your  supply  of  leaves  is 
greater  than  you  think  is  needed,  pile 
them,  allow  them  to  rot,  and  then  put 
them  on  and  plow  them  under  next 
fall. 

—  A.  A.— 

"SIIY^  BREEDERS” 

Have  there  been  any  favorable  results 
from  the  injection  of  hormones  in  cattle 
that  are  shy  breeders? 

Some  tests  at  the  New  York  State 
Veterinary  College  failed  to  give  en¬ 
couraging  results.  About  half  the  cows 
given  injections  were  finally  bred.  How¬ 
ever,  about  half  of  another  group  which 
received  no  hormones  also  bred.  The 
conclusion  was  that  there  is  no  appar¬ 
ent  benefit.  That  does  not  mean,  of 
course,  that  something  may  not  be  dis¬ 
covered  that  will  be  practical. 

— a.  a. — 

WAXING  VEGETARLES 

I  have  heard  some  comment  about  wax¬ 
ing  vegetables.  Can  you  tell  me  how  this 
is  done  and  how  it  is  working  out? 

There  are  a  number  of  commercial 
waxes  on  the  market.  The  idea  of 
their  use  is  to  cover  the  vegetables 
with,  a  coat  of  wax  to  prevent  their 
shriveling  by  keeping  the  moisture  in. 
Usually,  also,  the  waxing  gives  them  a 
better  appearance. 

As  yet  waxing  does  not  appear  prac¬ 
ticable  on  all  vegetables.  It  is  used 
with  success  on  turnips  and  on  such 
vegetables  as  tomatoes,  cucumbers, 
peppers,  and  egg  plant.  The  operation 
of  waxing  is  not  difficult  or  too  ex¬ 
pensive.  In  a  small  way,  it  is  done  by 
mixing  up  an  emulsion  of  the  wax,  dip¬ 
ping  the  vegetables  into  this  (usually 
by  using  a  wire  basket),  and  then  al¬ 
lowing  them  to  drain. 

— a.  a. — 

LAWNS 

We  hear  that  no  fertilizer  containing 
nitrogen  is  to  be  put  on  lawns.  What 
steps  can  -we  take  to  maintain  our  lawn 
in  good  shape? 

* 

It  is  true  that  no  inorganic  nitrogen 
is  to  be  allowed  for  lawns.  However, 
some  fertilizers  will  probably  be  avail¬ 
able  containing  nitrogen  in  an  organic 
form.  In  the  past,  some  have  favored 
grass  lawns  as  opposed  to  lawns  con¬ 
taining  a  high  percentage  of  clover. 
One  way  to  meet  the  situation  is  to 
encourage  the  growth  of  clover  by  lim¬ 
ing  the  lawn.  Clover,  as  you  know, 
gets  its  own  supply  of  nitrogen  from 
the  air  through  nodules  on  the  roots. 
You  can  use  a  fertilizer  containing 
phosphorus  and  potash,  which  also  will 
encourage  the  growth  of  clover.  A 
good  rate  of  application  for  lime  is  75 
lbs.  of  ground  limestone  to  1,000  square 
feet;  and  for  fertilizer,  from  30  to  40 
lbs.  to  1,000  square  feet. 

—a.  a. — 

WASHING  EGGS 

Is  there  any  basis  for  the  Idea  that 
washing  eggs  hurts  their  keeping  quali¬ 
ty?  What  is  the  best  way  to  wash  eggs? 

Careful  tests  have  shown  that  any 
method  of  washing  hastens  the  spoil¬ 
ing  of  eggs.  The  water  gets  dirty  and 
bacteria  spread  over  the  eggs  and  gain 
entrance  through  the  pores  in  the 
shells.  Tests  seem  to  show  that  wash¬ 
ing  with  an  alkaline  washing  powder 
is  the  worst  method,  and  that  clean¬ 
ing  with  sandpaper  or  emery  paper  is 
the  best.  Second  best  is  cleaning  with 
a  damp  cloth,  but  not  immersing  the 
eggs  in  water  at  all.  Best  of  all,  of 
course,  is  keeping  nests  clean  so  that 
the  least  possible  amount  of  washing 
is  necessary. 


ft—- 


“Oh  Tom ,  if  you’d  only 
fixed  it  last  fall  we  wouldn’t 
be  in  this  fix  now!” 

Next  spring,  when  every  working  ma¬ 
chine  will  be  worth  its  weight  in  gold, 
DON’T  be  caught  unprepared.  This 
fall  and  winter  every  farm  equipment 
dealer  will  be  swamped  with  service  de¬ 
mands.  It  will  be  first-come  first-served, 
and,  as  the  expression  goes,  "the  devil 
take  the  hindmost." 

Pledge  your  working  tools  to  Victory 
by  signing  up  with  your  implement 
dealer  now.  Get  in  line— to  make  sure 
that  every  machine  and  tool  you  have 
—  the  place  is  ready  for  its  job  in  1943. 


on 


Stick  to 
Your  FARM 
EQUIPMENT 

Dealer 


Repair  NOW 


FOR  A  YEAR 
THAT  WiLL  BE 


Tough 


NO  MAN  can  kid  himself  about  the 
new  year  that  is  coming  up.  It  will 
be  a  hard  year— tough  and  dangerous  for 
the  Armed  Forces— tough  to  work  out 

here  at  home. 

* 

Every  farmer  wants  to  make  good  in  a 
big-production  year  for  Agriculture.  His 
own  livelihood  demands  it,  and  the  life 
of  the  nation  is  at  stake.  He  knows  that 
manpower  will  be  short  beyond  all  past 
experience.  He  knows  that  new  machines 
will  be  very  scarce  and 
hard  to  get. 

What  can  he  do  to  pre¬ 
pare?  What  can  you  do? 

Because  that  is  what  counts, 
the  nation  over ! 

The  most  practical  thing 
that  you  can  do  is  to  put 
every  piece  of  your  equip¬ 


ment  in  shape  for  its  maximum  use  when 
the  time  comes.  Go  over  your* machines 
NOW,  while  all  your  needs  are  fresh  in 
mind.  List  the  worn  parts;  itemize  the 
work  needed;  check  up  on  all  service 
weaknesses  in  your  tractor,  machines,  and 
tools;  put  workable,  discarded  implements 
back  on  the  job.  Dedicate  your  equipment 
—Pledged  to  Victory! 

The  first  step  to  take  is  to  Sign  Up  with 
your  experienced  farm  equipment  Dealer. 

He  is  the  man  fully  qualified 
to  put  the  best  possible  per¬ 
formance  back  on  your  fields. 
He  knows  each  operation 
and  adjustment,  he  has  the 
tools  and  the  expert  knowl¬ 
edge.  He  will  have  the  parts 
if  you  give  him  time. . .  .Talk 
over  your  needs  with  him. 


Get  in  line  on  his  order  books— st)  that 
you  can  count  on  getting  the  parts  and  be 
certain  that  all  repair  work  is  done  when 
the  season  opens. 

It  will  be  the  heaviest  farm  service  win¬ 
ter  in  history.  Thousands  of  forehanded 
farmers  are  already  beating  paths  to  the 
service  shops  of  the  men  who  know  how . 
They  are  easing  their  minds  on  the  prime 
essential  to  next  year’s  operations. 

The  least,  and  the  first,  thing  you  can  do 
is  to  consult  your  farm  equipment  Dealer. 
His  iob  is  Service  for  the  duration,  and 
first-come  first-served! 

Write  the  address  below  for  the  prac¬ 
tical  booklet  “Your  Farm  Equipment 
— Take  Care  of  It  and  Make  It  Do/” 

International  Harvester  Company 

ISO  North  Michigan  Avenue  Chicago,  Illinois 


The  Equipment 
on  this  Farm  f\ 

Pledged  to 

VICTORY 


Post  this  weatherproof,  11  x  14-in. 
sign,  in  patriotic  colors,  at  your 
farm  gate.  .  .  .  Get  it  from  your 
McCormick-Deering  dealer. 


(576)  lO 


American  Agriculturist,  October  24,  1942 


^yA/  AMERICAN 
l(J  AGRICULTURIST 


RECIPES:  What  shall  I  have  for 

dinner?”  is  a  question 
always  confronting  the  housewife.  One 
way  to  answer  the  problem  is  to  send  to 
STANDARD  BRANDS,  INC.,  595  Madi¬ 
son  Avenue,  New  York  City,  and  ask 
them  for  their  new  40-page  recipe  book, 
printed  in  colors  and  containing  over  60 
recipes. 

MEAT:  Thousands  of  homemakers 
who  have  never  cured  meat 
will  be  trying  it  this  year.  This  is  no 
job  for  experimenting;  failure  is  too  ex¬ 
pensive.  One  of  the  good  ways  to  have 
all  of  the  meat  curing  facts  at  your  finger 
tips  is  to  send  10c  to  the  MORTON  SALT 
COMPANY,  Chicago,  Illinois,  and  ask 
them  for  their  'book  on  ‘‘Home  Meat  Cur¬ 
ing.”  The  book  has  100  pages  with  ac¬ 
curate  directions,  charts,  diagrams,  and 
over  200  pictures.  Get  it  and  your  meat 
curing  worries  will  be  over. 

DISHES:  Have  you  tried  those  recipes 
in  the  PILLSBURY  FLOUR 
MILLS  ad  on  page  19  of  the  October  10 
issue?  If  you  did,  you  probably  noted 
that  Pillsbury  are  now  putting  Pillsbury 
thrift  stars  in  their  products,  which  you 
can  use  to  get  a  dinner  set  at  a  bargain 
price.  You  will  find  details  in  the  recipe 
folder  in  the  Pillsbury’s  Best  Flour  sack 
or  by  writing  direct  to  Pillsbury  Flour 
Mills,  Dept.  0-38,  Minneapolis,  Minnesota. 

PREMIUM:  To  get  you  acquaint- 
■mmmmmmmmmmmmmmm  ed  with  their  prod¬ 
ucts,  DR.  SALSBURY’S  LABORA¬ 
TORIES,  Charles  City,  Iowa,  is  offering 
a  glass  rolling  pin  without  cost  to  those 
who  buy  a  one-pound  package  of  Avi-Tab 
at  their  local  dealers. 

CONCRETE:  Portland  cement  is 
not  on  the  priority 
list.  You  can  still  use  it  to  build  or  im¬ 
prove  present  ,  buildings.  What  is  more, 
the  PORTLAND  CEMENT  ASSOCIA¬ 
TION,  Dept.  K  10b-l,  347  Madison  Ave¬ 
nue,  New  York  City,  will  be  glad  to  send 
you  their  booklet  ‘‘Dairy  Farm  Improve¬ 
ments  of  Concrete.”  They  have  other 
bulletins  equally  valuable. 

DISEASES:  wene  poultry 

bbbbbbbbbbmb  LABORATORIES, 
Dept.  VK-4,  Vineland,  New  Jersey,  have  a 
free  booklet  on  poultry  diseases  which 
they  will  be  glad  to  send  on  request. 

COWS:  Dairymen  have  done  an  out- 
*bbbbbb  standing  job  in  increasing 
milk  production,  and  they  will  continue 
to  do  their  best  under  severe  handicaps. 
One  way  to  get  new  suggestions  that  will 


JIM  BURRELL,  who  will  take  over  the 
responsibilities  of  Purina’s  Broiler,  Tur¬ 
key  and  Duck  Departments,  as  just  an¬ 
nounced  by  C.  S.  Johnson,  manager  of 
the  General  Poultry  Department  for  Pu¬ 
rina  Mills.  In  1925  Jim  joined  Purina 
Mills  as  a  poultry  field  man,  working  in 
the  midwestern  states.  Later  he  moved 
to  the  Atlantic  seaboard  and  was  a  mov¬ 
ing  force  in  the  development  of  the  broil¬ 
er  industry  there.  Now  he  becomes  in¬ 
ternational  manager  of  Broiler  Chows, 
Turkey  Chows  and  Duck  Chows  for 
Purina  Mills. 

Jim’s  able  assistant  will  be  Jerry  Hin- 
shaw,  for  two  years  Purina’s  poultry  field 
man  in  Canada.  Recently,  Jerry  has 
specialized  in  turkey  problems,  and  his 
work  has  earned  him  his  new  responsi¬ 
bility. 


help  is  to  write  to  TIOGA  MILLS,  De¬ 
partment  C-102,  Waverly,  New  York,  and 
ask  for  the  new  book  which  shows  how 
to  increase  milk  production. 

TRACTORS:  Free  to  tractor  own- 
bhbbbb^bbh  ers  is  a  60-page  trac¬ 
tor  manual  published  by  GULF  FARM 
AIDS,  3800  Gulf  Building,  Pittsburgh, 
Pennsylvania.  It  is  a  complete  manual 
on  tractor  care  and  is  offered  by  the  Gulf 
Company  as  their  contribution  to  food 
production.  When  you  write,  state  type 
or  types  of  tractors  you  operate. 


Glue  is  forging  to  the  front  as  an  important  farm  construction  material.  Shown  in 
the  picture  is  a  barn  frame  made  of  glued  laminated  arches  made  by  RILCO  LAMI¬ 
NATED  PRODUCTS  COMPANY,  INC.,  of  Elmira,  N.  Y.  In  addition  to  the  fact  that 
new  farm  construction  is  limited  by  government  order,  some  construction  materials 
arg  hard  to  get.  The  use  of  glue  allows  the  substitution  of  short  lengths  for  single 
long  beams,  and  often  the  product  is  actually  stronger. 


'■■am 


GLEnnmGi 

w&r  * 


Charles  M.  Gardner 


Editor  of  the  National  Grange 
Monthly  and  High  Priest  of  De¬ 
meter  of  the  National  Grange. 


NEW  YORK:  Patrons  of  the  Em¬ 
pire  State  are  look¬ 
ing  forward  to  the  70th  annual  session 
of  the  State  Grange.  State  Master  W. 
J.‘  Rich  of  Salem  and  the  Executive 
Committee  have  completed  the  four- 
day  convention  program  at  Syracuse, 
opening  on  Tuesday  morning,  Decem¬ 
ber  8,  with  headquarters  at  Hotel  Syra¬ 
cuse.  The  choice  of  such  a  central  city 
is  deemed  very  fortunate  in  view  of 
travel  restrictions. 


*  *  * 

The  Grange  at  Tallman,  N.  Y.,  made 
a  great  success  of  its  “real  country 
fair”  just  held  for  two  days.  Featur¬ 
ed  were  a  wide  range  of  exhibits  of 
vegetables,  fruits  and  flowers,  a  4-H 
Club  exhibit  and  demonstration,  a 
varied  bazaar  and  a  popularity  contest, 
ending  with  an  old-fashioned  dance 
and  a  hillbilly  band.  The  flower  dis¬ 
play  was  unusually  good,  and  the  ex¬ 
hibit  of  appropriate  school  lunches 
proved  very  instructive.  A  large  at¬ 
tendance  was  drawn  from  all  the  sur¬ 
rounding  area  in  Rockland  County. 

*  *  * 

New  York  State  Grangers  were  sor¬ 
ry  to  learn  of  the  death  of  Mrs.  Sher¬ 
man  J.  Lowell  on  October  6,  at  her 
home  in  Fredonia,  N.  Y.  Mrs.  Lowell 
was  the  widow  of  National  Master 
Lowell,  who  served  in  that  position  in 
1919-23.  Both  were  members  of  Fre¬ 
donia  Grange  in  Chautauqua  County, 
the  oldest  working  unit  of  the  Order 
in  the  United  States.  Mrs.  Lowell  was 
known  to  the  Grange  membership  of 
a  wide  area  because  previous  to  her 
husband’s  election  as  National  Master, 
he  had  served  the  New  York  State 
Grange  as  State  Lecturer,  Overseer 
and  Master. 

MAINE:  Among  Granges  in  the 
Pine  Tree  State  which 
have  initiated  large  classes  of  new 
members  the  past  season,  Harvest 
Home  Grange,  No.  52,  in  Waldo  Coun¬ 
ty,  stands  near  the  top.  This  Grange 
has  always  been  a  prosperous  one; 
looks  back  over  a  long  line  of  achieve¬ 
ments,  and,  in  spite  of  the  many  pres¬ 
ent  handicaps,  is  drawing  a  good  at¬ 
tendance  at  its  meetings  and  planning 
several  worthy  projects  ahead. 

VERMONT:  To  the  Green  Moun¬ 
tain  State  apparent¬ 
ly  goes  the  distinction  of  now  having 
the  oldest  Grange  member  in  the  world, 
following  the  recent  death  of  Mrs. 
Sophronia  Bourne  of  Cooperstown,  New 
York,  at  the  age  of  105  years.  This 
Vermont  Patron  is  Mrs.  Marcia  A. 
Strong  of  Taftsville,  a  member  of  Ottau- 
quechee  Grange,  No.  308,  who  has  just 
celebrated  her  102nd  birthday.  She  is 
still  in  excellent  health,  attends  Grange 
meetings,  and  with  her  skilful  needle 
has  made  numerous  gifts  to  the 
Grange,  o.n  which  substantial  money 
returns  have  been  realized. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE:  Grange 

members 

in  New  Hampshire  look  forward  to 
state  election  day,  November  3,  with 
unusual  interest,  because  their  State 
Master,  William  J.  Neal  of  Meredith, 
is  this  year’s  candidate  for  Governor 
on  the  Democratic  ticket.  Mr.  Neal  is 
not  only  serving  his  fifth  year  as  Mas¬ 


ter  of  the  New  Hampshire  State 
Grange,  but  heads  numerous  agricul¬ 
tural  groups  throughout  the  state,  is 
Secretary  of  the  Plymouth  Fair  and 
President  of  the  newly-formed  Agri¬ 
cultural  Council  of  New  England, 
which  aims  to  combat  the  entrance  of 
the  John  L.'  Lewis  Mine  Workers’ 
Union  into  the  Northeast. 

*  *  * 

The  Grange  at  Charlestown  has  done 
its  community  a  good  turn  by  com¬ 
pletely  redecorating  the  lower  floor  of 
the  town  hall,  installing  blackout  cur¬ 
tains,  and  making  other  improvements 
on  the  building.  Funds  were  raised  by 
public  occasions,  and  the  leadership 
Charlestown  Grange  has  shown  in  these 
worthy  projects  has  called  forth  high 
praise. 

MASSACHUSETTS:  a  good 

index  to 

Grange  prosperity  in  the  Bay  State 
is  indicated  by  the  fact  that  the  dedi¬ 
cation  of  a  new  Grange  Hall  in  the 
town  of  Topsfield  has  just  taken  place; 
one  at  Montague  is  scheduled  for  early 
December;  and  construction  of  a  third 
at  Milford  indicates  another  probable 
dedication  by  the  end  of  1942.  In 
Massachusetts  the  State  Grange  al¬ 
ways  presents  a  check  for  $100  to  the 
Subordinate  Grange  pn  dedication 
night. 

*  *  * 

With  Springfield  this  year’s  conven¬ 
tion  city,  Massachusetts  Grange  mem¬ 
bers  are  planning  to  attend  in  goodly 
numbers  the  70th  Annual  State  Grange 
Session.  Dates  are  October  27-29. 

*  *  * 

Northboro  Grange  recently  present¬ 
ed  as  a  gift  to  the  town  a  beautiful 
service  flag  containing  101  stars,  which 
was  hung  on  the  town  common  with 
appropriate  ceremonies.  The  Grange 
assumes  the  further  task  of  adding 
stars  to  the  flag  as  more  Northboro 
young  men  enter  the  service. 

CONNECTICUT:  Making  money 

quickly  if  not 
easily  was  recently  demonstrated  by 
Victory  Grange  at  Colebrook,  in  the 
western  part  of  the  state,  when  the 
ladies  contracted  with  a  local  factory 
to  serve  a  chicken  pie  supper  in  the 
Grange  Hall.  About  300  hungry  folks 
were  there;  the  chickens  held  out  in 
fine  fashion;  and  when  the  profits  were 
counted  up  after  all  expenses  were 
paid,  the  comfortable  sum  of  $150  was 
left  for  the  Grange  treasury. 

NATIONAL:  A  quick  change  in 
plans  for  the  Na¬ 
tional  Grange  Session,  November  11- 
19,  has  just  been  made  necessary,  fol¬ 
lowing  arrangements  earlier  in  the 
year  to  hold  the  convention  at  Spokane, 
Washington.  Almost  without  warning 
cahie  the  announcement  that  all  the 
hotels  in  Spokane  had  been  taken  over 
for  Army  purposes.  Consequently  there 
was  a  lively  hustle  to  find  another  city 
in  the  State  of  Washington  which  could 
handle  the  approaching  convention. 
Final  choice  has  been  made  of  Wenat¬ 
chee,  a  city  of  only  12,000  people,  but 
well  equipped  as  to  hotels,  meeting 
halls,  etc.  The  latter  fact  is  largely 
due  to  Wenatchee  having  the  distinc¬ 
tion  of  being  the  “apple  capital  of  the 
world”,  thus  bringing  to  the  city 
throughout  the  year  large  numbers  of 
outsiders  interested  in  apple  growing 
and  marketing.  Delegates  from  37 
states  will  make  up  the  Wenatchee 
convention,  and  it  is  expected  that  at¬ 
tendants  from  Washington,  Oregon 
and  Idaho  will  furnish  a  good-sized 
class  for  the  Seventh  Degree  of  the 
Order. 


Buy  War  Bonds  and  Stamps 


1  1  (577) 


, 

Ar  jerican  Agriculturist,  October  24,  1942 

When  Cows  Bloat 


ASK  ALMOST  any  dairyman  what 
causes  bloat  and  he  will  answer, 
“Turning  cows  into  heavy  green  feed, 
especially  if  there  is  dew  on  it.”  Out 
in  California,  Dr.  H.  Cole,  after  study¬ 
ing  the  problem  for  a  long  time,  has 
a  slightly  different  answer.  He  be¬ 
lieves  that  any  cow  on  any  feed  de¬ 
velops  a  certain  amount  of  gas  in  the 
digestive  system  and  that  the  amount 
of  this  gas  does  not  vary  greatly  no 
matter  what  the  cow  is  eating.  How¬ 
ever,  under  some  conditions  the  cow 
belches  this  gas,  under  other  condi¬ 
tions  she  doesn’t  and  suffers  from 
bloat.  What’s  the  difference? 

Professor  Cole  believes  that  fibre  in 
the  roughage,  by  scratching  the  irwide 
of  the  stomach,  causes  a-  reflex  action, 
causing  regurgitation  of  the  cud,  and 
the  belching  of  gas.  Now  this  isn’t 
all  theory  either.  At  the  California 
State  College  they  have  produced  bad 
cases  of  bloating  by  feeding  the  cow 
solely  on  grain  which  of  course  is  low 
on  fibre.  Furthermore,  they  have  made 
an  opening  in  a  cow’s  stomach  and 
find,  when  the  inside  of  the  stomach  is 
scratched  with  a  piece  of  straw,  that 
up  comes  the  cud. 

This  is  all  very  interesting  but  what 
is  the  application  ?  Bloat  can  be 
largely  avoided  by  giving  the  cows  a 
good  feeding  of  hay  before  they  are 
turned  out  into  heavy  green  grass. 
There  is  a  general  belief  that  bloating 
most  often  affects  heavy  producing 
cows  and  that  it  is  more  likely  to  occur 
on  clover  pasture  than  on  grass  pas¬ 
ture.  Professor  Cole  concludes  that 
heavy  producing  cows  bloat  more  easily 
because  they  consume  more  feed,  and 
that  clover  brings  about  this  condition 
because  in  general  it  contains  less  fibre 
than  a  pasture  mixture  of  grasses. 

—a.  a. — 

COW  RATION  CHANGES 

Some  experiments  at  Cornell  show 
that  so  long  as  the  ration  contains  the 
things  they  need,  cows  are  not  at  all 
particular  as  to  what  feeds  make  up 
the  ration.  Neither  did  they  register 
any  objection  in  the  way  of  decreased 


production  when  overnight  changes 
were  made  in  their  rations. 

This  information  is  important.  Where 
home-grown  grains  are  produced,  a 
dairyman  need  have  no  hesitation  in 
using  them  in  his  cow  ration.  These 
home-grown  grains  can  be  balanced 
either  by  buying  high-protein  ingredi¬ 
ents,  plus  the  necessary  minerals,  or  a 
high-protein  supplemental  mixture. 
Furthermore,  the  protein  supplements 
purchased  can  be  bought  on  the  basis 
of  cost  per  pound  of  digestible  nutri¬ 
ents;  and  if  the  price  situation  changes, 
the  kind  of  high-protein  supplement 
bought  can  be  changed  without  hesita¬ 
tion. 

— a.  a. — 

HEIFERS 

These  days  fewer  heifers  are  stanch¬ 
ioned  up  in  the  fall,  to  stand  there  un¬ 
til  spring.  More  and  more  of  them 
are  kept  through  the  winter  by  leav¬ 
ing  them  loose  in  a  roomy  pen  and  al¬ 
lowing  them  to  run  outdoors  as  much 
as  they  wish.  Their  coats  may  get  a 
bit  shaggy,  but  they  develop  size  and 
stamina. 

In  many  cases  stanchions  are  pro¬ 
vided  and  used  when  grain  is  fed.  This 
discourages  the  tendency  for  heifers  to 
suck  each  other,  which  may  result  in 
some  damage  to  the  udders.  Aside 
from  grain,  plenty  of  high-quality 
roughage  and  an  abundant  supply  of 
water  are  the  essentials  for  raising 
good  heifers. 

When  it  comes  time  to  clean  out  the 
pen  in  the  spring,  there  may  be  some 
complaint  because  the  constant  tramp¬ 
ing  of  the  heifers  packs  the  manure 
down  pretty  solid.  On  the  other  hand, 
there  is  no  way  that  manure  can  be 
stored  with  less  loss.  The  use  of  suffi¬ 
cient  bedding  will  keep  the  heifers 
clean. 

In  some  cases  the  idea  is  extended  to 
include  milking  cows.  They  are  allowed 
to  run  loose  and  to  go  outdoors  when 
they  wish,  but  have  a  roomy,  well- 
bedded  place  to  come  when  the  weath¬ 
er  is  severe.  They  are  stanchioned 
only  at  milking  time. 


ERIE  COUNTY  PRODUCER 


Henry  Theisman  of  East  Concord. 
Erie  County,  New  York,  with  six-year- 
old  C.  F.  Blanche  Korndyke,  who  just 
completed  an  outstanding  record.  In 
ten  months  on  twice-a-day  milking  she 
produced  21,479  lbs.  of  milk  and  893.5 
lbs.  of  fat.  She  calved  October  30,  1941, 
and  her  highest  day’s  production  was 
96.4  lbs.  of  milk.  During  her  ten 
months’  record,  she  ate  3,206  lbs.  of 
bay,  5,655  lbs.  of  silage,  6,394  lbs.  of 
grain,  and  was  on  pasture  123  days. 
Cost  of  food  was  $142.55;  value  of  milk 
produced  was  $629.80;  leaving  an  in¬ 
come  over  her  feed  costs  of  $487.25. 


For  the  benefit  of  our  readers  who 
are  not  dairymen,  we  point  out  that 
this  figure  does  not  represent  profit. 
Included  in  total  cost  would  be  a  fair 
estimate  of  the  value  of  buildings  and 
equipment  furnished,  veterinary  ser¬ 
vices,  interest  on  the  investment,  plus 
adequate  return  for  the  time  spent  on 
her. 

This  is  an  exceptional  record,  but  the 
information  is  available  about  breeding 
animals  for  high  production  which,  if 
used  by  all  dairymen,  would  result  in  a 
considerable  increase  in  the  average 
production  of  our  dairy  herds. 


Tjg  ROV  equipment 

Has  Always  Been 

BUILT  TO  LAST 

...  So  It’s  Worth  Plenty  of  Care 


Now  more  than  ever,  it  will  pay 
you  to  keep  your  Le  Roy  farm 
machines  properly  adjusted,  well 
lubricated  and  adequately  protected. 
For  the  war  emergency  is  making  it 
increasingly  difficult,  in  some  cases 
impossible,  for  manufacturers  to 
build  new  farm  implements. 

But  we  can  still  supply  you  with 


genuine  Le  Roy  replacement  parts 
as  you  need  them.  And  our  tech¬ 
nicians  stand  ready  to  give  you  any 
advice  or  mechanical  data  that  will 
help  you  step  up  the  efficiency  or 
prolong  the  life  of  our  products. 

Please  make  full  use  of  this  ad¬ 
visory  service.  It  involves  no  charge 
or  obligation. 


LE  ROY  PLOW  COMPANY,  LE  ROY,  NEW  YORK 
SERVING  THE  FARMER  FOR  OVER  60  YEARS 


When  Writing  Advertisers  Be  Sure  to  Mention  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


-¥- - - - ★ 

The  Nation’s 
Hardest  Workers 

DESERVE 

Nature’s  Finest  Food ! 


The  farmer  works  long  hours  to  send  city  dwellers  the  finest  bev¬ 
erage  known  to  man  .  .  .  milk!  Health  authorities  say  everyone 
must  have  milk  every  day  ...  a  pint  for  every  adult,  a  quart  for 
every  child! 

For  milk  is  more  than  a  delicious  refreshing  beverage,  it  s  nature  s 
most  neatly  perfect  food  .  .  .  helps  give  you  energy  for  extra  work, 
helps  fight  fatigue  and  colds,  provides  precious  vitamins  and  min¬ 
erals  needed  every  day! 

Now  more  than  ever,  the  farmer  himself  needs  and  deserves  these 
benefits  of  milk.  ^Vith  the  nation  calling  for  more  food,  more  farm 
production,  there’s  more  work  to  be  done,  fewer  hands  to  do  it  .  .  . 
more,  need  of  top-notch  health  on  the  farm. 

So  be  sure  all  of  the  milk  supply  doesn’t  go  to  the  city.  Keep  a  good 
supply  on  the  farm  ...  for  a  cool  between-meal  beverage  ...  for  a 
protective,  health-building  -  food ! 


THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK  SAYS 

SATISFY  THIRST... FORTIFY  HEALTH... 

DRINK  MILK  ! 

Vitamins  for  “aliveness”  Vitamin  “A”  for  cold  resistance 
Minerals  for  well-being  Calcium  for  clear  complexion 

Kelpful  for  reducing  diets  Nature’s  cheapest  complete  food 
Alkaline  reaction  for  fatigue  Perfect  for  the  whole  family 

THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK 


Jb  pT  Victory  Meal  Planner  .  .  .  complete  with  menus,  recipes, 
■  ■  »  ■■■  meal-planning  chart,  calorie  chart,  reducing  diet! 

Send  name  and  address  to: 

BUREAU  OF  MILK  PUBLICITY,  ALBANY,  N.  Y. 


Name  . . 

Street  . . . 

City .  State. 


AA-10 


(578) 


12 


* 


Ai  terican  Agriculturist,  October  24,  1942 


Avi-Tab  contains  nine  drugs  .  .  .  tonics,  stimulants,  correctives  .  .  .  that 
are  recognized  aids  in  stimulating  lagging  appetites  and  promoting  body 
functions.  Also  contains  mold-inhibiting  ingredients  that  make  it  a  practical 
treatment  for  Mycosis  of  the  digestive  tract.  Users  are  delighted  with 
Avi-Tab  results. 


Try  This  10-Day  Treatment 


Give  your  birds  a  well  balanced  feed  regularly  and  fortify  it  with 
Avi-Tab  for  ten  days  each  month.  Or,  ask  your  feed  dealer  for  mash  or 
concentrate  already  fortified  with  Avi-Tab.  Note  the  results!  Run-down 
flocks  in  which  it  is  difficult  to  find  a  specific  disease  cause  usually  show 
redder  combs  and  wattles,  have  more  vitality,  are  thriftier,  lay  better, 
show  you  more  profit!  Avi-Tab  is  a  concentrated  medicine;  one  pound 
medicates  400  pounds  of  an  all  mash  ration. 

Don't  put  up  with  sluggish,  run-down  flocks.  Today  calls  for  maximum 
production.  Get  genuine  Avi-Tab  from  your  Dr.  Salsbury  dealer — hatch¬ 
eries,  drug  and  feed  stores. 

DR.  SALSBURY'S  LABORATORIES.  Charles  City.  Iowa 

FREE!  GLASS  ROLLING  PIN  I 

Be  sure  of  tender,  flaky  pie  crusts  and  pastries  with  this  full-size  “Roll-  // 
Rite"  glass  rolling  pin.  Can  be  filled  with  cold  water  to  keep  dough  chilled  /// 
before  baking.  Endorsed  by  professional  chefs.  Yours  free,  with  purchase  of 
one  pound  of  Avi-Tab,  at  your  Dr.  Salsbury  dealer's,  while  quantities  last.  (// 

Be  Sure  to  Get  Genuine  Dr.  Scrlsbury's  wj 


MORE  MEAT!  s,/.  G.  cji-utiGSl 


HISTORY  is  repeating  itself.  As  in 
the  last  war,  we  again  hear  of 
meatless  days. 

Now  I  don’t  profess  to  know  all  the 
reasons  for  this  but  I  suppose  that 
mutton  is  not  coming  in  from  New 
Zealand  nor  beef  from  the  Argentine. 
Furthermore,  soldiers  in  field  training 
and  defense  workers  with  fat  pay  en¬ 
velopes  eat  more  meat  than  civilians 
with  slim  pay  checks.  So  we  have  a 
bigger  demand  and  a  smaller  supply. 

CALL  TO  POULTRYMEN 

Where  does  all  this  leave  the  poul- 
tryman  ?  Maybe  the  following  tele¬ 
gram  sent  by  Secretary  of  Agriculture 
Wickard  to  the  Poultry  and  Egg  Na¬ 
tional  Board  will  give  us  a  cue.  The 
telegram  was  dated  September  15, 
1942 : 

“At  the  suggestion  of  the  National 
Poultry  Defense  Committee,  I  am  calling 
upon  poultrymen  to  add  to  their  already 
impressive  record  a  further  contribution 
to  the  war  program.  I  am  calling  upon 
poultrymen  of  America  to  produce  200 
million  additional  chickens  to  increase 
civilian  meat  supplies. 

“At  this  time  of  year  when  much  poul¬ 
try  production  equipment  is  normally 
operated  far  below  capacity,  additional 
chickens  can  be  produced  with  existing 
facilities  and  without  interfering  with 
production  of  chicks  to  replace  laying 
flocks  in  1942.  Fortunately,  we  have  great 
supplies  of  wheat  and  vegetable  oil  meals 
that  should  go  into  livestock  production 
and  can  be  used  to  a  large  extent  in  the 
production  of  chicks  to  replace  laying 
poultry  meat. 

“200  million  additional  chickens  mar¬ 
keted  at  not  less  than  three  pounds  each 
would  produce  at  least  600,000,000  pounds 
of  additional  meat  for  consumers  this 
winter.  This  would  help  to  maintain 
civilian  supplies  and  still  allow  for  neces¬ 
sary  limitation  of  civilian  consumpton  of 
other  meats  to  make  sure  that  ample 
quantities  are  available  for  our  armed 
forces  and  those  of  our  allies.” 

It  just  goes  to  show  you  how  fast 
this  chicken  business  really  moves.  It 
was  just  a  year  ago  when  Dewey  Ter- 
mohlen,  one  of  Wickard’s  hired  hands, 
told  poultrymen  at  the  Neppco  Exposi¬ 
tion  at  Harrisburg  not  to  grow  so  many 
broilers,  but  more  eggs.  And  it  was 


a  very  proper  bit  of  advice  too  as  was 
borne  out  by  the  spring  losses  to  the 
commercial  broiler  raiser. 

WHEN,  WHAT,  AND  HOW 

Since  poultrymen  have  thus  far  re¬ 
sponded  nobly  to  every  call  to  produce 
more  food,  I  expect  they’ll  answer  this 
one  too. 

I  suppose  the  first  question  will  be 
“when  do  we  start?” 

If  time  and  equipment  is  available, 
it  would  be  well  to  start  as  soon  as  you 
can  get  delivery  on  good  chicks  and 
the  brooder  house  cleaned  and  disin¬ 
fected.  Broiler  prices  are  now  close  to 
their  season’s  low  and  by  January, 
when  October  chicks  become  3  lb.  broil¬ 
ers,  they  should  be  decidedly  better. 

Then  if  you  want  to  use  the  equip¬ 
ment  for  a  batch  of  early  laying  stock 
chicks,  there  will  be  little  interference. 
If  you  have  enough  help  and  equipment 
for  both  kinds  of  birds,  you  can  prob¬ 
ably  hit  the  peak  of  the  broiler  mar¬ 
ket  with  a  second  batch  to  be  sold  at 
Easter  time. 

What  breeds  make  the  best  broilers? 
While  barred  feathered  birds  usually 
bring  the  best  prices,  here  is  a  good 
place  to  emphasize  once  again  that  the 
kind  of  breeding  which  is  back  of  the 
stock  is  more  important  than  the  par¬ 
ticular  breed. 

Get  chicks  that  come  from  healthy, 
blood-tested,  quick  growing  and  quick 
feathering  stock  and  half  of  your  suc¬ 
cess  is  assured. 

The  two  most  popular  broiler  breeds 
are  Barred  Plymouth  Rocks  and  Rock- 
Red  Crossbreeds.  Both  of  these  have 
barred  feathers  on  male  and  females. 

Most  any  of  the  so-called  heavy 
breeds,  such  as  R.  I.  Reds,  New  Hamp- 
shires,  White  Rocks,  White  Jersey 
Giants,  etc.,  have  been  grown  com¬ 
mercially  for  broilers  with  success. 
I’d  rather  have  a  R.  I.  Red  that  I  knew 
had  good  health  and  growth  breeding 
behind  it  than  a  Barred  Rock  of  un¬ 
known  or  miscellaneous  ancestry. 

I  don’t  profess  to  be  enough  of  a 
broiler  producer  to  give  many  folks 
advice  on  the  “how”  of  the  job.  I  did 
( Continued  on  opposite  page ) 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


Hatches  Mon.-Tues. -Wed. -Thuis.  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ $9.00  $16.00  $3.00 

Hlack  or  White  Minorcas _  9.00  16.00  3.00 

B.  &  W.  Rox,  R.  I.  Reds,  W.  Wy.-IO.OO  13.00  10.00 

Red-Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross _ 10.00  13.00  10.00 

Jersey  White  Giants _ 12.00  15.00  12.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS(AAASUP.)_I2.00  16.00  10.00 

II.  Mix  $9;  HEAVY  BROILER  CHIX,  no  sex  guar.. 
$8.50;  Breeders  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D.,  100  %  live 
del.  Post  Pd.  AMER.  SEXORS  ONLY  95%  Accuracy, 
c.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY.  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


CLEAR  SPRING  CHICKS 


95%  Guar.  Pullets  Str. 

100%  live  del.  100 

Our  Famous  Hanson  Leghorns _ $11.00 


Pult’s 

100 

$18.00 

17.00 

13.00 

14.00 


Large  Type  English  Leghorns _ 10.00 

Bar.  Bocks  &  R.  I.  Reds _ 1 1 .00 

W.  Rox,  N.  H.  Reds,  Red-Rock  Cr.  12.00 

Heavy  Mixed  _ 10.00 

All  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Postpaid.  1942  Catalog  FREE 
CLEAR  SPRING  HATCHERY, 

F.  B.  LEISTER,  Owner.  Box  51,  McAlisterville.  Pa. 


Ckls. 

100 

$6.00 

6.00 

11.00 

12.00 

10.00 


TOLMAN’S  Plymouth  ROCKS 

Baby  Chicks  $12.00  per  lOO 

All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders.  100%  State 
Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube  Agglut.  TOLMAN’S  BOCKS 
famous  for  Rapid  Growth.  Early  Maturity,  Profitable 
Egg  Yield.  Ideal  combination  bird  for  broilers,  roasters 
or  market  eggs.  Send  for  FREE  circular.  I  Specialize 
—  One  Breed,  One  Grade  at  One  Price. 

JOSEPH  TOLMAN,  Dept.  B,  ROCKLAND.  MASS. 


Ernest  Allison,  R.  I,  Caledonia,  N.  Y. 


FOR  LICE  AND 
4Z2  FEATHER  MITES 

. . .  Use  "Cap-Brush” 
Applicator  and  save 
money  on  delousing 
your  chickens.  Just 
a  thin  film  on  roosts  does  the 
work.  Lice  are  killed  overnight. 

Insist  on  Original  Factory  Sealed 
Packages  for  Full  Strength 
TOBACCO  BY-PRODUCTS  &  CHEMICAL 
CORP.,  INCORPORATED*  Louisville,  Ky. 


LOOK  FOR  THE  LEAF  ON  THE  PACKAGE 


MEAT  PRICES  HIGH  ? 


HALLS 

H unfits/ 

CHICKS 


FOR  YOU>R  OWN  TABLE 

Ideal  for  Broilers,  Fryers  and  Roasters. 
Fine  for  Capons,  too.  Others  have  reduced 
their  cost  of  living  this  way,  so  can  you 
—  and  here’s  how!  SEND  FOR  FREE 
COPY  of  our  circular  —  HOW  TO  RAISE 
CHICKS  IN  THE  OFF  SEASON,  including 
special  ideas  for  brooding  in  small  units. 

HALL  BROTHERS  HATCHERY,  Inc. 

BOX  59,  WALLINGFORD,  CONN. 


WELL  BRED  from  WELL  BREEDERS 


a*— 


TOPS  IN  LAYING  CONTEST 


Owned  by  Monroe  Babcock  of  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  this  pen  of  Leghorns  made  the  best 
record  in  laying  tests  of  any  Leghorn  pen  in  the  country  this  year. 


IN  51  WEEKS,  the  pen  of  Leghorns, 
here  pictured,  owned  by  Monroe 
Babcock,  of  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  laid  3,839 
eggs  for  3,940  points  at  the  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  Egg  Laying  Test.  There  is  an 
interesting  breeding  story  in  this  pen. 
They  are  all  lull  sisters,  and  their  dam 
gave  100%  livability  to  all  of  her 
chicks  in  1941.  A  large  proportion  of 
the  pullets  raised  from  this  hen  pro¬ 
duced  between  290  and  300  eggs  a  year. 
The  highest  producer  in  the  pen  shown 
above  laid  338  eggs  for  349  points. 
There  were  no  deaths  among  the  birds 
in  the  pen,  none  of  them  went  out  of 
production,  and  they  all  arrived  home 
in  splendid  condition. 


The  Northeast  fared  exceedingly 
well  in  laying  tests  this  year.  A  pen 
of  Reds  owned  by  Crooks  Farm  of 
North  Brookfield,  Massachusetts,  was 
the  high  pen  for  all  breeds  in  the 
United  States,  and  a  pen  of  White  Leg¬ 
horns  owned  by  John  Holser  of  Troy, 
New  York,  was  second  high  in  the 
country  for  Leghorns.  Even  the  third 
high  Leghorn  pen,  owned  by  J.  A. 
Hanson  of  Corvallis,  Oregon,  has  a 
northeastern  flavor.  Richard  Hanson 
attended  the  New  York  State  College 
of  Agriculture,  graduating  in  1941,  and 
returned  to  Oregon  with  his  bride,  a 
native  of  Ithaca  and  a  graduate  of 
Cornell. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  24,  1942 


13  (  579) 


raise  2000  in  one  batch  once  and  mar¬ 
keted  more  broilers  than  the  number 
of  chicks  I  ordered.  But  one  swallow 
doesn’t  make  a  summer. 

RULES  FROM  EXPERIENCE 

A  survey  was  made  on  the  Del-Mar- 
Va  Peninsula  some  seven  and  eight 
years  ago  which  brought  out  a  few 
simple  rules.  That’s  the  little  neck  of 
land  on  the  seaward  side  of  Chesa¬ 
peake  Bay  where  they  figured  to  grow 
pretty  close  to  100  million  broilers  this 
year.  A  study  of  that  business  should 
show  something. 

Here  are  some  of  the  facts  that  ex¬ 
perience  had  brought  out: 

1.  Disease  was  one  of  the  biggest  causes 
of  loss. 

2.  Crowding  didn’t  pay — the  growers  who 
allowed  their  birds  over  1  sq.  ft.  of 
floor  space  per  chicken  did  much  better 
than  those  who  allowed  less. 

3.  It  paid  best  to  market  the  birds  heavier 
than  2%  lbs. 

4.  Selling  close  to  the  farm  paid  better 
than  shipping. 

5.  Don’t  keep  brooder  houses  too  hot. 

FEEDING 

There  seem  to  be  a  lot  of  ways  to 
feed  broilers  profitably  and  success¬ 
fully.  All  of  them  produce  good 
growth  and  finish.  They  are  different 
only  in  small  respects.  I  guess  the 
system  which  I  have  often  seen  used 
successfully  is  the  following: 

1.  Get  a  good  starting  or  broiler  mash — 
and  there  are  quite  a  few  available. 
Give  this  as  the  only  feed  for  6-8 
weeks. 

2.  At  least  one  4  foot  hopper  for  each 
fifty  chickens  after  they  are  4  weeks  old 
should  be  used  for  mash.  More  after 
they  are  10  weeks  old. 

3.  Start  feeding  scratch  which  contains 
at  least  50%  cracked  yellow  corn  at  6 
or  8  weeks  and  increase  up  to  time  of 
marketing. 

4.  Ten  days  to  2  weeks  before  marketing, 
a  sloppy  wet  mash  may  replace  the 
dry  mash.  This  can  be  made  up  by 
mixing  equal  parts  of  corn  meal  with 
the  starter  or  broiler  mash  and  wet  to 
the  consistency  of  pancake  batter  with 
skimmilk  or  water.  Feed  3  times  daily 
in  amounts  that  the  birds  will  clean 
up  in  a  half  hour  each  time. 

5.  Don’t  forget  that  clean,  appetizing 
water  is  one  of  the  cheapest  and  best 
feeds  you  have,  so  give  them  plenty  of 
drinking  space. 

OTHER  MEAT  BIRDS 

I  don’t  know  the  total  meat  picture 
well  enough  to  say  at  this  time  whether 
roasters,  capons,  or  turkeys  will  be  a 
good  bet  when  they  are  ready  for  mar¬ 
ket. 

But  3  lb.  broilers  are  definitely  called 
for  now  and  then  watch  future  de¬ 
velopments  to  guide  you  on  some  of 
these  other  kinds  of  market  poultry. 

(Editor’s  Note:  New  York  'State  Pro¬ 
duction  Credit  Associations  are  planning 
to  make  loans  to  Future  Farmers  and  4-H 
Club  members,  on  recommendations  from 
teachers  and  4-H  Club  Agents,  to  finance 
broiler  production.  The  minimum  loan 
will  be  $60 ;  and,  where  conditions  war¬ 
rant  it,  loans  can  be  larger.  Arrange¬ 
ments  are  being  considered  whereby  oth¬ 
er  farm  boys  and  girls  can  get  loans  on 
approval  of  their  county  agricultural 
agents.  Plans  are  under  way  to  extend 
this  type  of  loan  to  other  states  in  the 
Northeast.) 

—  A.  A. — 

IVESDAIJE 

ONE  DAY  Mrs.  Ives  said  to  her  hus¬ 
band,  “with  three  or  four  farms  on 
°ur  hands  it  doesn’t  seem  right  that  I 
have  to  go  to  the  neighbors  for  a  dozen 
^gs.  if  you  will  fix  a  place  for  a  few 
hens,  I’ll  take  care  of  them.”  “Well 
you  can  have  some  hens,  but  when  I 
sit  down  on  the  lawn  I  don’t  want  to 
S1t  on  some  hen  manure,  and  I  don’t 
wunt  hens  in  the  machine  shed,  nor 
even  in  the  barn.  When  I  fix  the  place 
for  the  hens  I’ll  build  a  fence  that  will 
hold  them.”  So  said  Mr.  Ives.  And 
that  was  the  beginning  of  the  poultry 


business  at  Ivesdale  in  Oswego  County. 

It  wasn’t  so  many  years  ago,  but 
today  three  thousand  Barred  Rocks 
and  New  Hampshires  fill  the  laying 
houses,  and  not  one  ever  sets  foot  on 
the  neat  green  lawn.  As  I  walked 
about  the  farm  and  sat  in  the  office  I 
saw  and  heard  many  interesting  de¬ 
tails  of  a  thriving  poultry  business. 
The  incubators  in  the  cellar  of  the 
residence  have  run  from  last  Septem¬ 
ber  and  will  not  close  down  until  July. 
A  framed  certificate  from  the  state 
department  of  agriculture  and  mar¬ 
kets  hanging  on  the.  office  wall,  states 
that  Ivesdale  hens  are  free  of  Pullorum 
disease. 

A  New  Use  for  the  Laying  Tests 

What  impressed  me  most  was  what 
Mr.  Ives  calls  an  experiment.  He 
showed  me  the  most  recent  report  of 
his  20  birds  at  the  Stafford  laying  test. 
There  were  two  distinct  groups  as  any 
one  could  see.  The  birds  in  one  group 
had  laid  about  150  eggs  each.  The 
average  of  the  others  was  less  than 
100  eggs.,  Mr.  Ives  wanted  to  know 
if  the  way  pullets  are  grown  has  any¬ 
thing  to  do  with  the  way  they  will  lay. 
So  he  is  finding  out.  He  selected  pul¬ 


lets  from  two  lots  and  kept  a  record 
of  their  legband  numbers  when  he  sent 
them  to  the  test.  Those  that  are  mak¬ 
ing  the  good  records  are  from  his  well- 
managed  stock.  The  low  producers 
came  from  a  colony  house  where  the 
birds  were  badly  overcrowded  and 
more  or  less  neglected.  They  had  not 
grown  as  well. 

Low  production,  says  Mr.  Ives,  is 
not  just  a  matter  of  breeding.  You 
can  make  culls  out  of  well-bred  stock 
just  by  not  rearing  them  right. — L.E.W. 

FEEDING 

Why  is  it  that  some  pullets  start  lay¬ 
ing  but  stop  within  a  few  weeks? 

There  are  two  principal  causes.  The 
first  is  any  serious  change,  such  as 
moving  from  one  house  to  another. 
The  second  and  more  probable  cause 
is  that  the  pullets  are  not  eating 
enough.  For  a  time  a  pullet  will  lay 
eggs  at  the  expense  of  body  weight, 
but  she  can’t  do  it  for  long.  Therefore, 
it  is  'very  important  to  feed  pullets 
enough  of  the  right  kind  of  ration  to 
enable  her  to  produce  eggs,  and  at  the 
same  time  maintain  or  increase  her 
body  weight. 


^  POUL^WORMINS  FAYS 


Ill 


"“mSt  knock 

Only  Rota-Caps  contain 
Rotamine,  the  drug  discovery  that  causes 
no  toxic  after-shock  ...  no  making  birds 
(Sick  ...  no  knocking  egg  production. 

Rota-Caps  get  those  damaging  intestinal 
capillaria  worms,  large  roundworms,  and 
tapeworms  (heads  and  all)  as  listed  on  the 
label  .  .  .  yet  cost  no  more  than  many 
ordinary  wormers.  So  get  genuine  Dr. 
Salsbury’s  ROTA-CAPS!  If  there’s  no 
dealer  near  you,  order  from  Dr.  Sals¬ 
bury’s  Laboratories,  Charles  City,  Iowa. 

LOW  PRICES:  Adult  Size:  100  caps,  $1.35; 
300  caps,  $3.50;  500  caps,  $5.00. 

For  better  flock  roundwormtng: 
Use  Dr.  Salsbury’s  AVI-TON. 

DR.SALSBURY'S 

TA-CAPS 

>  F  O  R  CHICKENS  AND  TURKE  YS~? 


Rib  oflavin 


Lret  me  facts  about  KibojLavin  in 
poultry  and  livestock  rations  from, 
this  valuable  free  booklet. 


COMMERCIAL  SOLVENTS 

Co/fiomf/on 


THIS  LUCKY  CHICK 
HAD  B*Y  .  .  .  . 


It  has  been  scientifically  established  that  for  a 
higher  percentage  of  strong,  healthy  chicks,  for 
more  vigorous,  economical  growth,  poultry  feeds 
must  contain  ample  quantities  of  Riboflavin.  A 
rich,  natural  source  of  this  essential  vitamin  is 

7*  RIBOFLAVIN 
SUPPLEMENT 

B*Y  also  contains  substantial  amounts  of  other 
members  of  the  Vitamin  B  complex.  It  is  a  proved 
product  of  high  uniform  potency.  It  is  priced  for  econ¬ 
omy.  B-Y  is  available  in  the  mixed  feeds  of  many 
leading  manufacturers  —  it  is  NOT  sold  at  retail. 


£  St6t£r 

FEEDS  YOU  BUY 
CONTAIN  B’Y 


Commercial  Solvents  Corp.,  17  E.  42nd  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Please  send  free  booklet  on  B«Y  Riboflavin  Supplement 
and  its  use  in  mixed  feeds. 


Address . 


Post  Office - State. 


(580)  14 


At  terican  Agriculturist,  October  24,  1942 


"American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page” 


HOLSTEIN 


TRY  “WAIT  FARMS”  FIRST 


for  your  next  Herd  Sire.  We  specialize  on  Type  and 
Production.  2  Gold  Medal  Herd  Sires,  2  Silver  Medal. 
Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  THAEUB^£  5aryms' 


ORCHARD  HILL  STOCK  FARM 

offers  for  sale  Carnation  bred  bulls  of  excellent  type 
from  high  producing  dams  and  sired  by 
Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

M.  R.  Klock  &  Son,  Fort  Plain,  N.  Y. 


For  Sale:  REGISTERED  HOLSTEINS 

Will  sell  30  head.  Your  choice  of  115.  Herd  average 
3.75%  fat  last  eighteen  months.  Many  splendid  fami¬ 
lies  that  combine  show  quality  with  high  production. 
Some  high  quality  young  bulls,  excellent  show  prospects. 
PAUL  SMITH,  NEWARK  VALLEY.  NEW  YORK. 


Frank  Kauner,  R.  3,  Freehold,  N.  J. 


ALL  AGES,  BY  EXTRA 
WELL  BRED  SIRES,  FROM 
COWS  WITH  GOOD  C.T.A. 
RECORDS. 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 


HIGH  GRADE  DAIRY  COWS 

AND  FIRST  CALF  HEIFERS. 
HOLSTEINS  AND  GUERNSEYS. 
BLOODTESTED. 

Frank  W.  Arnold,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 


GEE RNSEY 


Tarbell 

Guernsey 

Farms 

Smithville 
Flats,  N.Y. 


365  HEAD  FEDERAL 
ACCREDITED  NEGATIVE 

FOR  SALE:  Young  bulls  and  a  few 
heifer  calves  closely  related  to  Tarbell 
Farms  Peerless  Margo,  18501  lbs.  Milk, 
1013  lbs.  Fat,  World’s  Champion  Jr. 
3  year  old.  also  to  Tarbell  Farms  Royal 
Lenda  20508  lbs.  Milk,  1109  lbs.  Fat, 
World’s  Champion  Jr.  4  year  old. 
Visitors  Welcome.  Full  information 
furnished  on  request. 


For  Sale:  Registered  Guernsey  Bulls. 

READY  FOR  SERVICE,  FROM  600  LB.  DAMS. 
FEW  HEIFERS  UNDER  ONE  YEAR. 

Price  reasonable  (a  good  time  to  buy). 

Lake  Delaware  Farms,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 


AYRSHIRE 


Registered  Ayrshire  Bull  Calves 

several  are  out  of  400  lb.  dams  and  are  sired  by 
outstanding  herd  sires. 

Write  for  sale  list,  priced  to  sell. 

Gould  Dale  Farm,  South  Kortright,  N.Y. 


“Say,  this  gas  rationing  isn’t  so 
bad.  Now  I’ll  have  a  chance  to  read 
all  my  American  Agriculturists  over 
again.” 


_ SHORTHORNS _ 

Purebred  Dual  Purpose  Shorthorn  Bulls 

BEST  FOR  THE  GENERAL  FARMER. 
Tell  us  the  age  you  desire. 

WM.  J.  BREW  &  SONS,  Bergen,  N.  Y.  - 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEINS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 


SWINE 


Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 


PIGS  AND  SHOATS 

FOR  SALE 

Provide  your  family’s  meat  supply.  Buy  pigs  to  fat¬ 
ten  and  butcher  in  Spring.  Get  them  started  before 
winter.  Make  them  weigh  200  lbs.  by  Spring.  Poland 
Chinas,  Berks,  and  cross  breds.  6  weeks,  $6.00  each; 
8  weeks,  $7;  10  weeks,  $8;  12  weeks.  40  to  50  lbs., 
$11  each.  Crated,  castrated,  serum  vaccinated.  Breed¬ 
ers,  $1  each  extra.  Mail  order  to 

C.  STANLEY  SHORT,  Cheswold,  Del. 


REGISTERED  LARGE 

YORKSHIRE  SPRING  BOARS. 

FOR  IMMEDIATE  DELIVERY  $35  AND  UP. 

PINELMA  FARM,  Lawrenceville,  N.  Y. 


TWO  REGISTERED 

BERKSHIRE  SOWS  FOR  SALE. 

18  MONTHS  AND  TWO  YEARS  OLD. 

Richard  Meddaugh,  Purling,  N.  Y. 


Chester  White  and  Berkshire  Pigs 

6  weeks  old,  $7.00  each. 

C.  L.  TAYLOR,  WYALUSING,  PA. 


Registered  Poland  China  Boar  Pigs, 

BORN  JULY  22.  SIRED  BY  “GLAMOUR  BOY”,  RE¬ 
SERVE  JUNIOR  CHAMPION  IOWA  STATE  FAIR  1941. 

HENRY  KELLETT,  DEPOSIT,  N.  Y. 


SHEEP 


PLEASANT  RIDGE  STOCK  FARM 

are  offering  the  best  lot  of  one  and  two  year  rams. 
Shropshires,  Southdowns,  Dorsets,  Rambouillets,  Chevi¬ 
ots,  Suffolk  and  Hampshires.  Thanks  for  past  patronage. 

G.  D.  &  B.  S.  Townsend,  Interlaken,  N.  Y. 


SHROPSHIRES 

Offering  high  quality  registered  yearling  rams  and  ewes 
sired  by  Iroquois  Augustus,  First  and  Champion  Aged 
Ram  1936  International. 

L.  F.  CUTHBERT,  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y. 


FOB  SALE  AT  FARMERS’  PRICES 
Hampshire  and  Leicester  Rams  and 
ram  lambs. 

Address 

W.  S.  ROBINSON,  Richfleld  Rs°-ing\  N,  y, 

WANTED:  Ten  Extra  Good  Young 
REGISTERED  HAMPSHIRE  EWES 
M.  C.  WHITNEY,  Susquehanna,  Pa. 

WE  HAVE  A  FEW  MORE  GOOD  RUGGED 

Shropshire  Yearling  Rams  For  Sale. 

ALSO  ONE  SUFFOLK  TWO-YEAR-OLD  RAM. 
SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 

VAN  VLEET  BROS.,  LODI,  N.  Y. 


Cattle  Sales 


Oct. 

24 

Faughan  River  Farm  Jersey  Sale,  Marlton, 
N.  J. 

Oct. 

26-27 

Louis  Merryman’s  37th  Semi-annual  Guern¬ 
sey  Sale,  Maryland  State  Fair  Grounds, 
Timonium,  Md. 

Oct. 

28 

Allegany-Steuben  Ayrshire  Club  Auction 
Sale,  Hornell,  N.  Y. 

Oct. 

31 

Horst-Williams  Ayrshire  Sale,  Jacob  Horst 
Farm,  Route  3,  Lititz,  Pa. 

Nov. 

6-  7 

Scantic  Meadows  Ayrshire  Dispersal,  East 
Windsor  Hill,  Conn. 

Nov 

9 

The  Blue  Ribbon  Holstein  Sale,  Waukesha, 
Wis. 

Coming  Events 

Oct. 

26 

12-Week  Farm  Short  Course,  Rutgers  Uni¬ 
versity,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

Oct. 

30-31 

Annual  Meeting  of  International  Ass'n.  of 
Milk  Sanitarians,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Nov. 

11-19 

National  Grange,  Spokane,  Washington. 

Dec. 

7-9 

Annual  Convention  of  National  Vegetable 
Growers’  Ass’n.  of  America,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Dec. 

8-11 

New  York  State  Grange,  Syracuse. 

Jan. 

6-10 

New  York  Poultry  Show. 

Jan. 

12-14 

Pennsylvania  Farm  Show,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

Jan. 

13-17 

Boston  Poultry  Show. 

DOGS 


POULTRYMEN  ATTENTION  ! 
German  Shepherd  Puppies 

WILL  MAKE  EFFICIENT  WATCH  DOGS. 

Dark  and  light  wolf  grey.  Cosalta  Breeding.  Born  Aug. 
29.  Not  Registered.  •  Price  $25.00.  Will  be  sold  with 
temporary  distemper  innoculation. 

I.  W.  INGALLS,  R.  D.  No.  3, 
Trumansburg,  —  N.  Y. 


HONEY 


60  LBS.  BEST  CLOVER,  $8.40. 
■  BUCKWHEAT,  $7.20. 

B  MIXED,  $7.20. 

SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED 

F.  W.  LESSER,  Fayetteville,  N.  Y. 


POULTRY 

W  alter  Rich’s 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAMPSHIRES, 
BARRED  ROCKS,  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 

It  takes  high  quality  stock  to  produce  the  extra  eggs 
and  meat  needed  in  times  like  these.  Mapes  stock 
is  famous  for  quick  growth  and  heavy  production. 
100%  Pullorum  free.  Write  for  folder  and  prices. 

WILLIAM  S.  MAPES,  Mj(i(ll?t°0xwnAN  v 

CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 


Advertisers  on  This  Page  Reach  More  Than  190,000  Subscribers 

Write  your  advertisement  below  and  mail  to  American  Agriculturist,  Advertising  Dept.,  Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


Name _  Address 


POULTRY 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS,  R.  I.  REDS,  NEW 
HAMPSHIRES,  BARRED  CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS,  REDS,  ROCK-RED  CROSS. 

WHITE  ROCKS  — “They  Satisfy.” 

Pullorum  free,  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  details. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER.  Box  C.  GALLUPVILLE,  N.  Y. 


The  mcgregor  farm 


S.  C.  White  Leghorns— 50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 
THE  McGREGOR  FARM.  Box  A.  MAINE,  N.  Y. 


EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

YOUNG  BREEDING  COCKERELS. 
CERTIFIED  WONG  WINTER  BARLEY. 
CERTIFIED  NU  RED  WHEAT. 

James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  Trumansburg.  N.  Y. 


BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  U.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
List  describing  our  Leghorns,  Reds,  and 
crossbreds. 

Eli  H.  Bodine,  Box  28,  Chemung,  N.  Y. 


RICH  POULTRY  FARMS 

Leghorns  Progeny  Tested  Reds 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND— 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS.  12.000  BIRDS— 
Write  for  illustrated  catalog  anil  price  list.  Also  de¬ 
scribes  our  method  of  gi owing  pullets  and  feeding  layers, 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 


TURKEYS 


HOLLAND  FARM  WHITE  HOLLAND 

pullorum  clean  early  hatched  breeders  now  ready  for 
delivery  and  orders  accepted  for  1943. 

All  from  our  own  stock. 

HOLLAND  FARM,  Belchertown,  Mass. 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 


FARM — Equipped  150  Acres — 

Good  buildings.  Barn  42x60,  horse  barn,  sheds,  etc. 
Machinery,  tools,  tractor,  crops,  2  horses,  12  cows, 
2  yearlings,  concrete  stable,  fountains,  carrier,  2  Surge 
Milkers,  Have.'ly  cooler:  large  house,  tenant  house, 
plenty  water,  wood;  shale  road,  I  mile  to  state  road 
and  village  of  Knox,  25  miles  to  Albany,  Albany  Co. 
$11,000  cash. 

MILTON  J.  CROUNSE, 

Altamont  Star  Route,  KNOX,  N.  Y. 


A-l  Equipped  State  Hway  Farm 

“Buy  of  a  lifetime" — on  concrete  hway,  dandy  biz  site, 
2l/2  miles  to  depot  town,  about  28-minute  run  to  a 
college  city;  good  8  rooms,  elec.,  45-ft.  basement  barn, 
other  buildings;  132  acres,  75  for  corn,  potatoes,  etc., 
creek  and  spring-watered  30-cow  pasture,  woodlot,  fruit 
trees;  quick-swte  price  $2800,  2  horses,  6  cows.  2  heif¬ 
ers,  machinery,  crops  thrown  in:  terms;  see  picture 
pg.  29  Big  Catalog — Write  for  Free  Copy. 

STROUT  REALTY 

255-R  4th  Ave.,  New  YTork  City. 


HELP  WANTED 


DAIRY  HERD  IMPROVEMENT  AS¬ 
SOCIATION  SUPERVISORS 

Women  and  men,  eighteen  years  of  age  or  over  with 
farm  experience  preferred.  Training  school  November 
9  to  21.  Animal  Husbandry  Building,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


WANTED  — 

Man  for  Profitable  Rawleigh  Route. 

Must  be  satisfied  with  good  living  at  start. 

Write  Rawleigh  Co.,  ALBDAepNV,J  newAGyR6rk 


When  writing 
advertisers,  please 
mention 

American  Agriculturist 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

rhis  classified  page  is  for  the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications; 
LIVESTOCK — Cattle,  Swine,  Sheep.  Horses,  Dogs,  Babbits,  Goats,  Mink,  Ferrets;  FARM  PRODUCE — Field 
Seeds,  Hay  and  Straw,  Maple  Syrup,  Honey.  Pop  Com.  Miscellaneous;  POULTRY — Breeding  Stock,  Hatching  Eggs; 
EM  PLOYMENT — Help  Wanted.  Situation  Wanted;  FARM  REAL  ESTATE— Farms  for  Sale.  Farms  Wanted1 
USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT — For  Sale.  Wanted. 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers’  classified  advertising  rates. 
advertising  space  units  are  offered  as  follows:  space  one  inch  deeD  one  column  wide  at  $6.00  per  issue  or 
space  one-haif  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.00  per  issue.  Copv  must  be  received  at  American  Agriculturist. 
Advertising  Dept.,  Box  514,  Ithaca,  N.  Y...  11  days  before  publication  date.  No  Baby  Chick  advertising 
cepted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows;  Jan.  3,  17,  31;  Feb.  14,  28;  Mar.  14,  28;  April  !*• 
May  9.  23;  June  6,  20;  July  4.  18;  Aug.  I,  15,  29;  Sept  12,  26;  Oct  10,  24;  Nov.  7,  21;  Dec.  5. 


American  Agriculturist,  October  24,  1942 


15  (581) 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


Apparently  livestock  men  did 
rally  to  their  cause  in  Washing¬ 
ton.  While  the  livestock  and  meat 
future  is  in  no  way  settled,  it  is  on  a 
much  sounder  footing.  At  least  our 
legislators,  and  even  our  meat  con¬ 
sumers,  became  aware  that  there  is  a 
real  farm  labor  problem,  that  food  is 
as  important  as  munitions  in  winning 
the  war,  and  that  serious  production 
losses  and  food  shortages  are  a  real 
possibility  in  1943. 

As  it  now  stands,  it  is  still  messy; 
but  farm  prices,  probably  now  placed 
on  a  basis  of  1942  “highs”,  represent  a 
lot  of  security.  If  labor  and  other  costs 
continue  to  go  up  in  1943,  the  farm 
price  basis  can  again  be  changed  to  a 
new  1943  higher  base.  Above  every¬ 
thing  else,  the  livestock  and  farm 
situation  gained  recognition. 

All  classes  and  all  kinds  of  livestock 
are  now  in  a  rather  favorable  position, 
with  at  least  present  prices  probable 
for  some  time  to  come;  a  favorable 
position  because  livestock  has  now 
been  recognized  as  an  important  item 
in  our  war  economy.  Feed  prices 
are  almost  sure  to  be  restricted  to  a 
price  which  will  show  a  satisfactory 
ratio  between  feed  costs  and  livestock 
prices.  In  the  last  war,  it  was  wheat; 
in  this  war,  it  is  meat. 

We  in  the  Northeast  have  been  get¬ 
ting  more  and  more  livestock-minded 
for  the  last  ten  years.  The  in-move¬ 
ment  of  feeding  and  breeding  livestock 
is  really  “going  to  town”  this  fall  be¬ 
cause  of  the  realization  that  the  West 
has  lost  a  great  many  of  its  advant¬ 
ages.  Right  now,  there  is  nothing  in 
the  agriculture  of  the  Northeast  that 
is  changing  as  fast  as  livestock  num¬ 
bers  for  meat  purposes.  It  is  a  sound 
economic  change,  and  it  will  rebuild 
land  values  and  economic  welfare 
among  us,  and  do  it,  by  utilizing  our 
God-given  grass  and  our  geographical 
location.  That  most  depressing  of 
words,  “abandoned”,' we  trust  and  be¬ 
lieve  will  never  again  be  applied  tc 
lands  our  forefathers  operated  so  profit¬ 
ably  and  so  well. 

Perhaps  just  a  few  figures  on  our 
operations  here  in  Buffalo  will  “clinch” 
this  statement.  We  have  placed  about 


FRANK  A.  GIFFORD  SALE 

50  REGISTERED  HOLSTEINS 

WEDNESDAY,  OCTOBER  28 

l'/2  miles  north  of  Valley  Falls,  Rensselaer  Co.,  14  miles 
northeast  of  Troy  and  2  miles  east  of  Schaghticoke. 
35  HEIFERS,  including  6  two-year-olds,  18  yearlings. 
3  heifer  calves,  by  a  700  lb.  son  of  Dutchland  Denver 
the  Great,  all  from  high  record  dams,  including  8 
daughters  of  500  lb.  fat  cows. 

6  BULLS — a  son  of  a  700  lb.  fat  cow,  a  644  lb. 
fat  cow  and  a  518  lb.  fat  record  3  year  old. 

This  herd  is  Bang  Approved  and  these  animals  are 
eligible  to  go  anywhere. 

Sale  will  take  place  in  a  large  tent,  starting  at  11:00 
A.  M.,  and  will  also  include  4  HORSES— a  black  team, 
weighing  3000  lb.,  a  2  year  old  Bay  Gelding  and  a 
2  year  old  roan  Gelding. 

Select  consignments  from  several  nearby  herds  in¬ 
cluding  JOHN  HOLSER  OF  TROY. 

You  are  invited  to  write  for  more  information  to 
GEORGE  WOODLING,  Farm  Manager,  at 
Valley  Falls,  N.  Y.„  or 
„  R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 

SALES  MANAGER,  MEXICO,  N.  Y. 


149th  AUCTION  SALE 

125  REGISTERED  HOLSTEIN 
CATTLE  at  Auction ! 

Wednesday,  November  4,  1942 

Sale  pavilion,  EARLVILLE,  Madison  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Healthy  on  all  tests. 

A  select  lot  with  the  majority  fresh 
and  close  springers. 

SOME  WELL  BRED  BULLS. 

PLAN  TO  ATTEND. 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS 

Sales  Manager,  MEXICO,  N.  Y. 


four  thousand  western  yearling  breed¬ 
ing  ewes  on  Northeast  farms  so  far 
this  season,  almost  three  thousand 
feeding  and  breeding  western  cattle, 
about  two  thousand  feeding  hogs,  and 
about  thirty  thousand  western  feeding 
lambs.  They  have  not  all  been  going 
into  New  York  State  either.  We  have 
shipped  to  Vermont,  Massachusetts, 
and  Connecticut  in  numbers.  This  is 
only  one  operation;  there  are  many 
others.  While  this  has  been  going  on 
here,  the  West  has  been  showing  a  de¬ 
pletion  in  cattle,  sheep  and  lamb  num¬ 
bers. 

Of  course,  many  are  attributing  a 
great  deal  of  this  to  the  war  and  right¬ 
ly  so.  The  fact  still  remains  that  dur¬ 
ing  and  ever  since  the  depression,  live¬ 
stock  in  the  Northeast  has  held  an 
enviable  economic  position,  particular¬ 
ly  when  the  right  animals  went  to  the 
right  man. 

After  the  war,  of  course,  no  one 
knows.  We  do  know  though  that  there 
is  no  economic  excuse  for  our  farms 
that  have  proved  that  they  can  pro¬ 
duce,  and  did  produce  through  the 
years,  to  continue  to  be  abandoned. 
This  cannot  go  on  with  the  greatest 
market  in  the  world  right  at  our  door, 
and  with  our  only  competition  for  that 
market  forced  to  pay  transportation 
and  marketing  costs  way  in  excess  of 
our  own. 

Research  work  in  breeding  has  given 
us  new  types  of  corn  and  grains,  new 
grasses  and  new  types  of  animals,  per¬ 
haps  even  a  new  type  of  young  farmer 
on  our  “old”  farms. 

— a.  a. — 

BROWN  SWISS  COW 
BRINGS  $1225,  AT  EASt- 
ERN  SALE  AT  EARLVILLE 

The  Eastern  Brown  Swiss  Breeders’ 
Sale,  held  at  Earlville  on  October  3rd, 
sold  a  total  of  thirty-eight  head  of  all 
ages,  totaling  $14,665.00.  Bidding  was 
lively  and  prices  ruled  high.  George 
DeVoe,  Judd’s  Bridge  Farm,  New  Mil¬ 
ford,  Conn.,  a  member  of  the  sales 
committee,  Said,  “we  had  good  cattle 
and  good  buyers,  which  meant  we  had 
a  good  sale.” 

Many  outstanding  individuals  were 
consigned  to  the  sale.  Walhalla  Farms, 
Rexford,  N.  Y.,  consigned  Walhalla 
Bardella,  the  highest  record  cow  ever 
consigned  to  the  Eastern  Brown  Swiss 
Breeders’  Sale.  As  a  four  year  old  she 
has  a  record  of  760.65  pounds  fat 
and  17,704.4  pounds  milk.  She  is  a 
daughter  of  Baron  of  Spring  Valley 
who  has  sired  33  R.  P.  daughters,  one 
of  them  being  Gertrude  Baron  with  a 
record  of  984.38  pounds  fat  and  24,668.1 
pounds  milk  on  three  times  milking . 

Bardella  topped  the  sale  at  $1,225, 
going  to  Mr.  E.  H.  Aselton  of  Granby, 
Conn.  Mr.  Aselton  was  the  high  buy¬ 
er  at  the  sale,  taking  twenty-one  head 
for  a  total  of  $8,825.  Another  out¬ 
standing  individual  acquired  by  Mr. 
Aselton  was  a  bull  calf  born  in  March 
of  this  year,  a  son  of  the  great  Jane’s 
Royal  of  Vernon,  he  a  son  of  Jane  of 
Vernon.  This  calf’s  three  nearest  dams 
average  810  pounds  fat  and  19,388.5 
pounds  milk.  He  went  for  $390.00. 


“ It’s  a  new  breed  I  had  to  develop 
because  of  my  rheumatism!3’ 


Mr.  Aselton  also  bought  Walhalla  Prin-  j 
cess  Dairy  Maid  at  $720.,  consigned  I 
by  Walhalla  Farms,  and  Privet’s  Blen- 
kin,  consigned  by  Green  Mountain 
Farm  of  Saxton’s  River,  Vermont,  at 
$700.  He  also  bought  the  two  months 
old  heifer  calf  Anne  of  Judd’s  Bridge, 
a  daughter  of  the  Keeper  of  Walhalla, 
out  of  a  daughter  of  Baron  of  Spring 
Valley  at  $350. 

The  second  high  buyer  was  R.  E. 
Morosani  of  Litchfield,  Conn.,  who 
totaled  five  head  at  a  total  of  $1,810. 

An  analysis  of  the  sale  shows  that 
14  cows  averaged  $482.,  five  unbred 
heifers  averaged  $387.,  eleven  bred 
heifers  averaged  $347.,  three  heifers, 
two  months  old,  averaged  $303.,  five 
bulls,  one  month  to  ten  months  old, 
averaged  $1,050.  Two  calves  born  at 
the  sale  sold  for  $105  each. 

The  sale  was  managed  by  R.  Austin 
Backus  of  Mexico,  N.  Y.  C.  B.  Smith 
of  Pinconning,  Michigan,  was  the  auc¬ 
tioneer,  and  Chas.  L.  Goodwin,  Oxford, 
N.  Y.,  was  leadsman.  The  cattle  for 
the  sale  was  selected  for  type  and 
breeding  by  Dr.  E.  S.  Harrison  of  Cor¬ 
nell.  The  sales  committee  consisted 
of  Mr.  DeVoe  and  H.  E.  Magnussen, 
Walhalla  Farms,  Rexford,  N.  Y. 

4 

—  A.  A. — 

HOLSTEINS  AVERAGE 
$273  AT  EASTERN  N.  Y. 
SALE  AT  RHIAEBECK 

Forty-four  Holsteins  were  sold  at  the 
fourth  annual  sale  of  the  Eastern  New 
York  Holstein  Breeders’  Association, 
held  at  Rhinebeck,  Dutchess  County, 
N.  Y.,  on  Saturday,  October  3,  for  a 
total  of  $9,220.  29  cows  averaged  $273. 
The  top  cow  of  the  sale  was  consigned 
by  P.  M.  Baird  and  Son  of  Chester, 
N.  Y.,  and  was  sold  at  a  bid  of  $375. 

—a.  a. — 

VERMONT  STATE 
JERSEY  SALE 

The  1942  Vermont  Jersey  Consign¬ 
ment  Sale,  held  at  the  Hartland  Fair¬ 
grounds  on  September  29,  was  one  of 
the  top  Jersey  sales  of  the  year  and 
the  best  sale  sponsored  by  the  State 
Club  in  many  years.  The  cattle  were 
all  consigned  by  Jersey  breeders  of 
Vermont,  and  all  measured  up  to  the 
high  standards  of  health,  production 
and  body  conformation  as  prescribed 
by  the  officers  of  the  Club.  The  morn¬ 
ing  was  given  over  to  the  showing  of 
the  cattle  which  were  judged  by  Dr. 
N.  N.  Allen  of  the  University  of  Ver¬ 
mont.  A  large  class  of  milking  cows 
were  shown,  and  the  winner  of  this 
class  went  on  to  be  Grand  Champion 
of  the  show  and  later  topped  the  sale 
at  $400.00.  Mr.  John  Dana  of  Pomp- 
fret  bred  this  cow  on  his  farm,  and  he 
received  the  Loomis  trophy  awarded 
by  Mrs.  Bertha  Loomis  of  Vergennes 
in  recognition  of  this  accomplishment. 

There  were  three  other  cows  that 
sold  for  higher  prices  than  those  of  last 
year’s  sale.  Mr.  E.  C.  Harlow,  Am¬ 
herst,  Mass.,  a  keen  judge  of  cattle 
and  a  regular  buyer  at  these  sales, 
took  home  both  the  top  cow  of  the 
sale  and  the  second  highest  cow  which 
sold  for  $385.00.  Bidding  was  lively 
throughout  the  sale;  the  buyers  from 
a  distance  taking  home  the  largest 
number  of  cattle.  Mr.  Jack  Grow  of 
Just  Home  Farm,  Inc.,  New  London, 
N.  H.,  bought  some  of  the  outstand¬ 
ing  cattle;  and  when  the  bidding  closed, 
had  bought  seven  head  for  $1745.00, 
including  the  third  and  fourth  highest 
selling  animals.  Another  new  buyer, 
Mr.  Carl  Dunham,  New  Milford,  Conn., 
purchased  five  head  for  his  newly  as¬ 
sembled  herd.  Dr.  E.  W.  Files,  Gor¬ 
ham,  Maine,  was  active  as  a  buyer 
again  this  year  and  took  home  three 
very  fine  animals.  In  all,  the  22  buy¬ 
ers  purchased  the  40  consigned  Jer¬ 
seys  for  an  average  price  of  $206.38. — 
L.  C.  Peckham,  Fieldman  A.J.G.C. 


CONCRETE 


While  you’re  improving  your  farm  for 
greater  “war  food”  production,  do  the 
job  for  keeps ,  with  concrete!  Here’s  a 
“how  to  do  it”  book  that  will  help  you 
build  such  essential  structures  as: 


Barn  Floors 
Feeding  Floors 
Walks,  Runways 
Foundations 
Concrete  Masonry 
Construction 
Cisterns 


Watering  Tanks 
Septic  Tanks 
Home  Improvements 
Manure  Pits 
Trench  Silos 
Hog  Wallows 
Soil-Saving  Dams 


Remember,  concrete  is  firesaf  e,  termite- 
proof,  easy  to  work  with,  low  in  first 
cost,  needs  little  upkeep,  endures  for 
generations— and  it  requires  a  mini¬ 
mum  of  critical  war  materials. 


Paste  on  penny  postal  and  mail 

PORTLAND  CEMENT  ASSOCIATION  j 

Dept  K10d-1, 347  Madison  Ave.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Please  send  me  "Concrete  Handbook  of  I 
Permanent  Farm  Construction.”  lam  I 
especially  interested  in 


Name - _ 

St.  or  R.R.  No _ 

City - - - State 


FALSE  TEETH 

AS  LOW  AS  $7.95 

Per  Plate,  DENTAL  PLATES 
are  made  in  our  own  laboratory 
from  your  personal  impression. 
Our  workmanship  and  material 
GUARANTEED  or  purchase  price  refunded.  We  take  this 
risk  on  our  60-day  trial  offer.  DO  NOT  SEND  ANY  MONEY! 
MAIL  POST  CAJtD  for  FREE  Material  and  Catalog  of  our 
LOW  PRICES.  DON’T  PUT  IT  OFF  — Write  us  TODAY! 

BRIGHTON  -  THOMAS  DcN'IhL  LABORATORY 
Dept.  1420  6217  S.  Halstead  Street,  Chicago,  III. 


Harry  Giles,  R.  I,  PlaS’tsburg,  N.  Y. 


SWINE 


PIGS  FOR  SALE  ! 


We  are  prepared  to  fill  orders  for  pigs,  CHESTER  AND 
YORKSHIRE  CROSSED,  or  BERKSHIRE  &  CHES¬ 
TER  CROSSED  —  5  weeks  old  $6.75;  6  to  7  weeks 
old,  $7 ;  8  to  9  weeks  old,  $7.50.  Limited  number  of  io 
weeks  extra  sized  pigs  at  $8  ea.  CHESTER  WHITES, 
7  to  8  wks.  old,  $7.50.  Will  ship  2  or  more  C.O.D, 

206  WASHINGTON  ST.. 
WOBURN.  MASS. 


A.  M.  LUX  FARM, 


Walter  Lux,  Tel.  0086,  Woburn,  Mass. 

CHESTER  &  YORKSHIRE  CROSS,  BERKSHIRE  & 
CHESTER  CROSS  PIGS. 

6  to  7  weeks  old,  $6.50  each;  8  to  10  weeks  old,  $7.00 
each:  10  to  12  weeks  old,  $8.00  each.  All  large  type 
stock.  Ship  2  or  more  C.O.D.  Check  or  money  order. 
If  they  please  you  keep  them,  if  not  return  them. 


WHITE  COLLIE  PUPPIES,  full  bloods.  HARRIET 
WIXOM,  TRUMANSBURG,  NEW  YORK. 


(582)  16 


Ai  aerican  Agriculturist,  October  24,  1942 


THE  FARM  NEWS 


MILK  DISTRIBUTION 
SUBSIDIZED 

HROUGH  the  Commodity  Credit 
Corporation,  the  Federal  Govern¬ 
ment  will  buy  the  October  fluid  milk 
supply  for  the  metropolitan  area  from 
dairy  farmers  for  $3.30  a  hundred  and 
will  sell  it  back  to  milk  distributors 
for  $3.10.  That  in  substance  is  the 
plan  for  relieving  the  “squeeze”  on  milk 
dealers  which  resulted  from  freezing 
retail  prices  at  levels  of  last  March 
and  at  the  same  time  increasing  the 
Class  I  price  of  milk  20c  a  hundred, 
as  provided  for  in  the  Milk  Marketing 
Order.  The  plan  was  announced  on 
October  13  by  Charles  Blanford,  Ad¬ 
ministrator  of  the  metropolitan  milk 
marketing  area. 

The  plan  is  described  as  a  subsidy 
to  stimulate  milk  production  without 
starting  an  inflationary  tendency  by 
raising  the  price  to  the  public,  or  put¬ 
ting  the  milk  dealers  out  of  business 
as  they  state  would  happen  if  the  pres¬ 
ent  situation  were  allowed  to  continue. 
The  estimated  cost  of  the  plan  to  the 
government  will  be  about  $15,000  a 
day. 

In  New  York  City,  price  of  milk  in 
cash-and-carry  stores  is  around  12c  a 
quart.  In  March,  1942,  .there  was  a 
milk  price  war  on,  and  as  a  result  the 
ceilings  on  retail  milk  prices  in  New 
York  City  are  somewhat  lower  than 
they  are  in  some  other  cities. 

The  details  of  the  subsidy  plan  will 
be  handled  by  Administrator  Blanford. 
Applications  were  mailed  out  to  about 
150  dealers,  with  instructions  to  return 
them  by  October  19  if  they  wished  to 


take  advantage  of  the  plan.  Along 
with  the  application,  dealers  must  send 
a  certificate  from  the  Regional  Office 
of  Price  Administration  stating  that  no 
action  is  pending  against  the  dealer 
for  violating  fluid  milk  price  ceilings. 
Included  also  must  be  a  statement 
sworn  to  before  a  Notary  that  the  deal¬ 
er  did  not  sell  fluid  milk  above  the 
ceilings  in  October,  and  a  statement 
that  the  dealer  had  complied  with  the 
terms  of  the  Federal-State  Milk  Mar¬ 
keting  Order. 

Milk  sold  in  the  form  of  fluid  cream 
ts  not  included  in  the  subsidy  plan. 
Dealers  claim  that  milk  for  fluid  cream 
has  been  squeezed  even  more  than 
Class  I  milk  and  they  predict,  unless 
some  action  is  taken,  that  fluid  cream 
will  disappear  from  the  New  York  City 
market. 

So  far,  dealers  have  not  accepted  the 
plan  with  enthusiasm.  Dairymen,  too, 
will  question  it.  While  standing  like  a 
rock  on  the  proposition  that  milk 
prices  to  producers  must  not  be  lower¬ 
ed,  they  do  not  like  the  idea  of  a  sub¬ 
sidy.  Compared  to  the  level  of  indus¬ 
trial  wages,  milk  at  retail  is  a  cheap 
food. 

Anyway,  the  plan  has  been  put  into 
effect;  and  if  it  works  well,  will  prob¬ 
ably  be  extended  to  other-  cities  and 
perhaps  to  other  products.  Therefore, 
the  chief  concern  is  to  protect  the  tax¬ 
payer’s  pocketbook  by  stating  that  as 
soon  as  the  emergency  is  ended,  these 
government  subsidies  must  stop. 

One  unfortunate  angle,  of  course,  is 
that  city  consumers  will  undoubtedly 
interpret  this  plan  as  a  government 
subsidy  to  dairymen.  Dairymen  are 


getting  prices  exactly  as  provided  for 
in  the  Milk  Marketing  Order.  There-  j 
fore,  it  is  much  more  accurate  to  state 
that  dealers  and  consumers,  rather 
than  producers,  are  the  ones  who  are 
getting  the  subsidy.  j 

*  p  .  p—.  -  — ■  ■  ^  -  —v 

UNFAIR  AND 
UNECONOMIC 

On  page  22  of  this  issue,  Mr. 

E.  S.  Foster  points  out:  “There 
has  never  been  a  time  in  the  his¬ 
tory  of  this  country  when  such  a 
small  percentage  of  the  pay 
envelope  of  the  New  York  factory 
worker  has  been  required  to  pay 
for  the  cost  of  living  as  is  the 
case  today.” 

That  fact  is  proof  enough  that 
milk  should  be  sold  to  consum¬ 
ers  for  what  it  is  worth  and 
should  not  be  subsidized.  A  sub¬ 
sidy  means  that  the  milk  consum¬ 
er  is  buying  milk  at  a  reduced 
price  made  possible  by  the  tax¬ 
payers.  Such  a  subsidy  there¬ 
fore,  is  unfair  and  uneconomic, 
particularly  when,  as  Mr.  Foster 
shows,  the  buying  power  of  the 
consumer  is  the  best  it  has  ever 
been. 

Also  as  stated  in  the  article 
on  this  page  dairymen  will  be  ac¬ 
cused  of  getting  the  benefit  of 
this  subsidy,  when  as  a  matter  of 
fact  it  is  a  dealer  and  consum¬ 
er  subsidy  and  will  make  no 
difference  whatever  to  the  price 
the  farmer  receives.  His  price 
already  has  been  fixed  by  the 
marketing  agreement. 


HOG  BRISTLES 
1NT  DEMAND 

You  would  never  think  of  it  in  peace 
time  but  that  homely  little  item- — the 
hog  bristle — is  very  important  in  the 
manufacturing  of  paint  brushes.  Un¬ 
der  normal  conditions  this  country  has 
imported  about  6  million  pounds  a 
year.  These  imports  are  now  cut  off 
«o  the  call  has  gone  out  for  home¬ 
grown  bristles.  The  kind  most  needed 
are  2  to  4  inches  in  length  from  the 
backs  of  mature  hogs.  Color  or  breed 
makes  no  difference. 

Suggestion  of  government  officials 
is  that  farmers  or  4-H  club  mem¬ 
bers  cut  the  bristles  from  hogs  that 
are  to  be  kept  for  breeding  purposes 
and  save  bristles  at  butchery  time. 

— Walter  E.  Piper. 

— A.  A. — 

NEW  YORK  FARM  NOTES 

Cortland  County  cabbage  growers 
have  been  complaining  that  kraut 
packers  have  preferred  to  buy  from 
growers  living  near  at  hand.  When 
representatives  of  cabbage-growing 
counties  met  at  Geneva  recently,  it  was 
agreed  that  the  available  market 
should  be  distributed  among  all  grow¬ 
ers,  and,  if  necessary,  committees  in 
each  county  would  be  appointed  to  al¬ 
locate  the  crop.  Later,  there  was  an¬ 
other  meeting  in  Geneva,  and  the  situa¬ 
tion  was  ironed  out.  In  Cortland  Coun¬ 
ty  the  Farm  Bureau  Office  is  acting 
as  a  clearing  house  for  selling  cabbage 
for  kraut.  Growers  who  have  cabbage 
ready  to  cut  notify  the  Farm  Bureau 
and  they  in  turn  notify  the  buyers. 

*  *  * 

In  addition  to  the  single-element  fer¬ 
tilizers,  such  as  muriate  of  potash, 
superphosphate,  nitrate  of  soda,  and 
sulphate  of  ammonia,  the  War  Produc¬ 
tion  Board  has  cut  mixed  fertilizer 
formulas  for  New  York  State  to  14. 
They  are:  0-14-7,  0-12-12;  0-16-8,  0-14- 
14,  0-24-12,  0-20-20,  3-12-6,  3-12-15. 
4-10-5,  4-12-4,  4-8-12,  4-10-10  6-16-4, 

4-16-8. 

While  farmers  will  get  the  major 


Daily  except  Sunday,  12:31  p.  m.,  N.  Y. 
State  Wholesale  Produce  Markets. 

Daily  exc.  Sat.  and  Sun.,  6:13  p.  m.,  N. 
Y,  City  Wholesale  Produce  Market. 

Monday  only,  12:34  p.  ni..  Metropolitan 
Milk  Market  Report. 

This  schedule  subject  to  change  without 
notice. 

Monday,  October  26th 
12:35 — “The  Day  of  Reckoning,”  J.  F. 
Callahan. 

12:45 — (Topic  to  be  announced)  C.  C. 
DuMond. 

Tuesday,  October  27th 
12:35 — “Hay,  Hay  and  More  Hay,”  J.  D. 
Burke. 

12:45  —  Homemaker’s  Council  —  “The 
Breakdown  of  the  Dollar.” 

Wednesday,  October  28th 
12  :35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag — “A 
Saturday  Night  Bath  for  the  Electric  Mo¬ 
tor,”  Ed  W.  Mitchell. 

12:45 — Countryside  Talk  —  “Vanished 
Millions — Land  Losses  in  New  York,” 
Arthur  Pound. 

Thursday,  October  29tli 
12:35 — “Orchards  about  to  Retire  for  the 
Winter,”  A.  T.  Williams. 

12:45—  “Van  Aernam’s  Scrapbook.” 

Friday,  October  30th 
12:35— (SCS). 

12:45 — “Some  Marketing  Suggestions,” 
W.  J.  Birdsall. 

8:30 — WGY  Farm  Forum. 

Saturday,  October  31st 
12:35— WGY.  4-H  Fellowship— “Machin¬ 
ery — the  Farmer’s  Weapon,”  Washington 
Co.  (N.  Y.)  4-H  Clubs. 

12:45 — A  Primer  of  Good  Government— 
“The  District  Attorney,”  Schenectady 
Pomona  Grange. 

Monday,  November  2nd 
12:35 — “The  Agricultural  Front”,  J. 
Kendall  McClaren. 

12:45 — “Put  and  Take — the  Soil  Game” 
Future  Farmers,  Delmar,  N.  Y. 

Tuesday,  November  3rd 
12:35 — “Stay  at  Home  and  Like  It” 
William  Smith. 

12:45 — Homemaker’s  Council,  “Food  on 
File.” 

Wednesday,  November  4th 
12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“Modern  Conveniences  for  Hens”,  Ed  W 
Mitchell. 

12:45 — Countryside  Talk,  Charles  John 
Stevenson. 

Thursday,  November  5th 
12:35 — “Spring  Will  Come  Again”,  S.  H, 
Fogg. 

12:45 — “Van  Aernam’s  Scrapbook. 

Friday,  November  6th 
12 :35— AMA. 

12:45 — “Between  You  and  Me”,  H.  R, 
Waugh. 

8:30— WGY  Farm  Forum. 

Saturday,  November  7th 
12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “The 
Greatest  Mother  of  Them  All”,  Otsego 
Co.  (N.  Y.)  4-H  Clubs. 

12 :45— A  Primer  of  Good  Government, 
“The  County  Attorney”,  Washington 
Pomona  Grange. 

share  of  chemical  nitrogen  allotted  to 
fertilizers,  no  fertilizer  containing 
chemical  nitrogen  can  be  used  on  fall 
grains,  •  and  no  nitrogen  for  the  1943 
season  can  be  purchased  before  Nov.  15. 
*  *  * 

Poultrymen  in  fifteen  New  York 
State  counties  are  organizing  ten  more 
poultry  testing  associations  under  the 
National  Improvement  Plan.  Six  such 
associations  are  already  operating. 
Two  of  the  new  associations  have  been 
organized,  the  Adirondack  Poultry  Im¬ 
provement  Association  and  the  Mo¬ 
hawk  Association. 

*  *  * 

The  new  President  of  the  National 
Council  of  Farmer  Cooperatives  is 
Charles  C.  Teague  of  California.  Mr. 
Teague  has  served  22  years  as  Presi¬ 
dent  of  the  California  Fruit  Growers 
Exchange,  and  is  also  President  of  the 
Agricultural  Council  of  California.  Re 
tiring  President  H.  E.  Babcock  is 
Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
Cornell  University  and  author 
“Kernels,  Screenings  and  Chaff.”  Be¬ 
cause  of  other  duties,  Mr.  Babcoctc  de¬ 
clined  to  consider  re-election. 


Does  the  phrase, 

“50,000  WATTS-CLEAR  CHANNEL” 

mean  anything  to  you  ? 

LET  US  EXPLAIN,  IN  BRIEF--- 


so  that  it  can  reach  the  rural  as  well  as  urban  listen¬ 
ing  audience,  uses  50,000  watts  in  its  system  of 
broadcasting.  There  is  no  stronger  signal  being 
thrown  by  any  station  broadcasting  standard  radio 
programs  in  the  United  States. 

To  insure  perfect  reception  WHAM  employs  a 
channel,  or  frequency,  all  by  itself.  In  other 
words,  there  are  no  other  radio  stations  on  this 
same  frequency,  thus  eliminating  interference  caus¬ 
ed  by  two  or  more  stations  employing  the  same 
spot  on  the  dial. 

We  sincerely  hope  you  are  one  of  the  listeners 
within  our  range  enjoying  the  programs  and  serv¬ 
ices  being  broadcast  by 

WHAM  in  Rochester ,  N.  Y.  at 

1180  ON  THE  DIAL  —  USING 
50,000  WATTS  —  CLEAR  CHANNEL 


American  Agriculturist,  October  24,  1942 


IT  (583) 


7<4e  Market  Ba/iameteA 


MILK  PRICES 

NEW  YORK.— C.  J.  Blanford,  Ad¬ 
ministrator  of  the  Metropolitan  Milk 
Marketing  Order,  announces  that  the 
uniform  price  for  the  month  of  Sep¬ 
tember  is  $2.90  a  hundred.  56,522 
dairymen  who  ship  to  New  York  will 
share  in  the  payments,  totaling  $14,- 
640,022.08.  Incidentally,  as  a  straw 
showing  the  trend,  that  is  the  fewest 
producers  to  ship  to  New  York  in  any 
month  since  the  Federal-State  Milk 
Marketing  Order  went  into  effect. 

The  volume  of  milk  in  the  September 
pool  was  477,455,790  lbs. 

The  price  of  $2.90  is  30c  above  Sep¬ 
tember  a  year  ago  and  8c  above  the 
previous  peak  of  $2.82  in  Nov.  1941. 
ROCHESTER — The  uniform  milk  price 
for  September  for  the  Rochester  area 
is  $3.27  for  3.5  milk.  A  premium  of 
4c  is  paid  for  each  1/10  of  1%  of  but- 
terfat  above  3.5.  Administration  ex¬ 
penses  of  2c  a  hundred  will  be  deduct¬ 
ed. 

BUFFALO  — -  The  uniform  milk  price 
for  September  for  the  Buffalo  area  is 
$3.03  a  hundred  for  3.5  milk.  Produc¬ 
ers  delivering  direct  to  plants  will  get 
15c  a  hundred  additional.  Administra¬ 
tion  expense  of  lc  a  hundred  will  be 
deducted. 

— a.  a. — 

MILK  PRODUCTION 
HOLDS 

New  York  State  pastures  in  Sep¬ 
tember  were  rated  as  the  best  for  the 
month  in  twenty  years,  and  total  milk 
production  for  the  month  is  estimated 
at  4%  above  last  year. 

Reasons  for  the  increase  include  bet¬ 
ter  pastures,  high  feeding  of  concen¬ 
trates,  and  some  increase  in  fall  fresh¬ 
ening. 

Compared  with  1929,  feed  costs  are 
about  on  the  same  level,  but  farm  labor 
costs  are  10%,  higher.  Although  farm 
wages  have  gone  up  rapidly  during  the 
past  year,  industrial  wage  levels  are 
still  higher.  Much  of  the  help  on 
farms  is  less  skilled  than  in  the  past, 
and  traditionally  long  hours  of  work 
on  dairy  farms  have  been  stretched 
still  further. 

—A.  A. — 

POTATOES 

News  of  the  formation  of  the  Office 
of  Economic  Stabilization  and  the  an¬ 
nouncement  that  food  prices  not  al¬ 
ready  controlled  would  be  put  under 
price  ceilings  had  their  effect  on  the 
potato  market.  The  Order  was  gener¬ 
ally  interpreted  that  at  least  until  De¬ 
cember  2  potatoes  cannot  go  higher  in 
price  than  the  highest  prevailing  price 
from  September  27  to  October  2. 
Prices,  which  were  on  the  upward 
trend,  advancing  about  10  cents  per 
hundred  per  week,  .leveled  off. 

After  December  2,  when  the  tempor¬ 
ary  freeze  order  expires,  a  permanent 
ceiling  will  be  announced.  In  the 
meantime  potato  growers  will  present 
their  case  at  Washington.  New  York 
growers  are  represented  by  Roy  Porter 
of  Elba  and  George  Cushing  of  Long 
Island.  If  permanent  ceilings  on  po¬ 
tatoes  should  be  set  at  expected  levels 
growers  will  have  little  initiative  to 
store  or  to  market  the  crop  in  an  or¬ 
derly  manner. 

On  October  16  upstate  potatoes  were 
quoted  at  $1.00  to  $1.15  per  bushel  on 
fSmer’s  markets. 

*  *  * 

A  feature  of  October  forecast  of  po¬ 
tato  crop  is  800,000  bushel  boost  in 
Maine  estimates  over  that  of  a  year 
ago.  Total  Maine  crop  is  now  placed 
at  45,375,000  bushels  compared  with 


44,745.000  in  1941. 

Yields  in  Maine  show  extreme  varia¬ 
tions  but  on  the  average  are  running 
about  275  bushels  per  acre.  This  is  not 
up  to  the  whopping  285  figure  of  a 
year  ago,  but  it  is  well  ahead  of  aver¬ 
age.  Good  yields  are  reported  in  towns 
along  the  border  in  central  Aroostook 
while  yields  are  relatively  light  in  most 
localities  south  and  west  of  Caribou. 
The  harvest  started  early  and  made 
good  progress  under  ideal  weather  con¬ 
ditions  during  September.  Set  was 
generally  heavy  this  season,  and  the 
percentage  of  small  sized  tubers  is 
somewhat  larger  than  usual.  Quality 
of  the  crop  is  unusually  good  although 
considerable  ring  rot  has  been  noticed 
in  a  few  fields. 

Elsewhere  in  New  England  the  crop 
is  generally  larger  than  in  1941  except 
in  Vermont.  Biggest  New  England  in¬ 
crease  outside  of  Maine  is  in  Massachu¬ 
setts  where  Connecticut  Valley  tonnage 
has  been  largely  responsible  for  a  30% 
gain  over  a  year  ago.  Here  in  brief  is 
the  story  by  New  England  states  show¬ 
ing  crop  in  bushels  this  year  and  last: 


1942 

1941 

Maine  . 

.  45,375,000 

44,745,000 

Massachusetts  . 

.  3,135,000 

2,492,000 

Connecticut  . 

.  3,078,000 

2,862,000 

Vermont  . 

.  1,500,000 

1,740,000 

Rh'ode  Island  . 

.  1,025,000 

920,000 

Total  N.  E . 

.  55,320,000 

53,782,000 

Tonnage  in  the  “Big*  18”  late  states 
is  calculated  at  250  million  bushels 
against  242  million  in  1941.  Yields 
throughout  country  are  running  heavy. 
National  average  of  134  y2  bushels  per 
acre  is  the  highest  ever  recorded. 

- _ 

DEANS 

The  U.  S.  dry  bean  crop  is  now  esti¬ 
mated  at  21,632,000  100-lb.  sacks,  which 
is  15%  above  a  year  ago  and  62%, 
above  the  ten-year  average.  The  New 
York  crop  is  estimated  at  1,413,000 
sacks,  slightly  below  last  year’s  crop, 
but  28%  above  the  ten-year  average. 
For  the  entire  country  by  crops,  red 
kidneys  are  estimated  at  853,000  sacks, 
27%  below  last  year;  white  pea  and 
mediums,  6,682,000  sacks;  Great  North¬ 
ern,  3,105,000;  small  whites,  1,224,000; 
Pintos,  3,662,000;  standard  Limas, 
1,365,000;  baby  Limas,  1,050,000  sacks; 
the  balance  being  made  up  of  kinds 
such  as  white  marrow,  yellow  eye, 
white  kidney,  and  others. 

Old  bean  stocks  were  at  a  low  level 
on  September  1.  Old  beans  on  farms 
in  New  York  on  that  date  were  esti¬ 
mated  at  130,000  sacks,  of  which 
106,000  sacks  were  red  kidneys.  The 
national  farm  stocks" of  566,000  sacks 
consisted  of  385,000  sacks  of  white  pea 
and  medium  beans,  113,000  sacks  of 
red  kidneys,  and  small  quantities  of 
other  kinds.  Commercial  storage 
stocks  of  beans  amounted  to  282,000 
sacks  in  New  York  and  2,909,000  in 
the  United  States  as  a  whole. 

— a.  a. — 

EGGS  AND  POULTRY 

On  September  1,  U.  S.  storage  stocks 
of  shell  and  frozen  eggs  were  equiva¬ 
lent  to  14,018,000  cases,  24%  above  the 
same  date  a  year  ago  and  28%  above 
the  average  for  1937  to  1941.  During 
August,  storage  stocks  increased  an 
equivalent  of  1,483,000  cases. 

During  August,  storage  stocks  of 
poultry  increased  about  9%,  to  86,775,- 
000  lbs.  on  September  1,  compared  with 
85,363,000  lbs.  on  September  1  a  year 
ago  and  an  average  of  69,817,000  lbs. 
for  the  years  1937  to  1941. 

Egg-Feed  Ratio 

At  the  end  of  the  firs,t  full  week  in 
October,  the  egg-feed  ratio  as  announc¬ 


ed  by  the  New  York  State  Department 
of  Agriculture  and  Markets  was  5, 
meaning  that  it  took  5  doz.  eggs  to  buy 
100  lbs.  of  feed.  The  week  previous,  it 
was  5.2;  the  month  previous,  5.5;  a 
year  ago,  6.1;  two  years  ago,  6.2.  At 
the  same  time,  top  wholesale  price  of 
white  eggs  in  New  York  City  was  49c; 
a  year  ago,  42c;  two  years  ago,  34  y2c. 
Top  price  of  live  colored  fowls  was 
23c;  last  year,  22c;  two  years  ago, 
18y2c. 

U.  S.  egg  production  for  the  first 
eight  months  of  the  year  was  16%  over 
last  year  and  27%  over  the  ten-year 
average. 

Hens  of  laying  age  in  the  U.  S.  about 
September  1  totaled  nearly  287,000,000, 
a  fraction  of  1%  less  than  the  record 
high  number  in  1927,  but  12.6%  higher 
than  last  year.  On  September  1,  the 
number  of  pullets  not  yet  of  laying  age 
was  highest  on  record  in  all  parts  of 
the  country  except  in  western  states, 
and  for  the  entire  country  was  10% 
above  a  year  ago. 

— a.  a. — 

% 

GRASS  SEED 

The  State  Department  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  and  Markets  reports  that  the  red 
clover  seed  crop  is  expected  to  be  the 
smallest  in  five  years.  While  some  red 
clover  seed  is  grown  in  New  York 
State,  most  of  it  is  imported  from  other 
areas,  and  the  situation  would  indicate 
the  importance  of  getting  your  supply 
early  and  checking  up  as  to  its  quality. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  timothy  seed 
crop  is  expected  to  be  28%  higher  than 
that  of  1941. 

— a.  a. — 

APPLE  ESTIMATE 
JUMPED 

The  October  crop  report  jumped  the 
apple  estimate  2%  over  that  of  a  month 
ago,  commercial  crop  now  being  put 
at  128,386,000  bushels,  compared  with 
122,059,000  bushels  a  year  ago.  In 
New  York  State,  the  prospects  increas¬ 
ed  about  8%  during  September. 

The  October  estimate  put  the  pear 
crop  13%  higher  than  last  year;  fresh 
plums  and  prunes,  10%;  and  cherries, 
23%.  It  is  estimated  that  the  grape¬ 
fruit  production  for  the  coming  season 
will  be  45,000,000  boxes,  17%,  more  than 
last  season. 

—  A.  A. — 

TURKEYS  ON 
MARKET  EARLY 

Tip  from  turkey  markets  is  that 
more  birds  will  be  marketed  early  in 
the  season  this  year  than  usual.  Poults 
got  an  early  start  in  many  sections, 
and  this,  coupled  with  expected  favor¬ 
able  prices,  will  tend  to  put  a  larger 
percentage  than  normal  on  the  early 
markets. 

Wholesale  prices  of  dressed  tom 
turkeys  at  New  York  early  in  Septem¬ 
ber  were  36  per  cent  higher  than  a 
year  earlier,  and  dressed  hens  were  up 
33  per  cent.  Dive  hens  had  moved  up 
41  per  cent.  At  Chicago  dressed  old 
toms  were  up  50  per  cent  from  last 
year  and  dressed  old  hens  were  37  per 
cent  higher. 

—  A.  A. — 

FARM  RUSINESS  RRIEFS 

Egg  Institute  Moves. — Offices  of  the 
New  England  Fresh  Egg  Institute  will 
be  moved  from  Framingham  to  Bos¬ 
ton,  Massachusetts,  on  November  1. 
New  offices  will  be  at  Room  32,  711 
Boylston  Street.  Reason  for  moving 
is  to  conserve  tires  and  gasoline.  Miss 
Ida  Renzulli  of  Medway  has  been  ap¬ 
pointed  Secretary  at  the  Boston  office. 

Butter  Stocks  Light. — Storage  stocks 
of  butter  are  unusually  light,  both  as 
compared  to  last  season,  and  to  the 
1937-41  average.  On  September  1  total 
U.  S.  holdings  were  reported  at  152 
million  pounds.  A  year  earlier,  stocks 


were  200  million  pounds,  while  the  5- 
year  average  for  September  1  is  169 
million  pounds. 

Returnable  Egg  Cases. — Of  special  in¬ 
terest  to  New  England  poultrymen  who 
deliver  eggs  to  stores  is  the  returnable 
egg  case  suggested  by  L.  M.  Hurd  of 
the  Cornell  Poultry  Department.  The 
case  is  made  of  half  inch  matched  pine 
boxed  lumber  with  a  hinged  top  and  a 
three  inch  hasp.  Old  timers  in  the  egg 
game  say  this  general  idea  is  nothing 
new  but  it  takes  war  time  emergencies 
and  suggestions  like  Mr.  Hurd  to  bring 
us  back  to  the  fundamentals. 

— a.  a. — 

PRICE  LEVELS 

There  was  little  change  in  the  level 
of  prices  of  farm  products  between 
August  15  and  September  15.  Prices 
of  corn,  oats,  barley  and  buckwheat 
declined  slightly;  potatoes  averaged  to 
drop  20c  a  bushel  and  apples  10c;  live 
hogs  declined  15c  a  hundred;  beef  cat¬ 
tle,  10c  a  hundred.  There  was  no 
change  in  dry  beans,  hay,  horses,  sheep 
and  wool;  and  a  slight  increase  in  the 
price  of  wheat.  Live  chickens  went 
up  about  lc  a  pound;  eggs,  4c  a  dozen; 
farm-churned  butter,  2c  a  pound;  veal 
calves,  80c  a  hundred;  lambs,  35c  a  hun¬ 
dred.  Reports  indicated  that  milk  cows 
were  selling  about  $10  apiece  higher 
than  they  were  on  August  15. 

The  U.  S.  index  for  farm  wage  rates 
on  July  1  was  a  little  over  twice  the 
rate  of  1910  to  1914.  The  index  for 
prices  received  by  farmers  on  Septem¬ 
ber  15  was  163.  The  index  of  prices 
paid  by  farmers,  including  interest  and 
taxes,  was  152;  and  the  index  on  farm 
wage  rates  was  202.  On  all  of  these 
figures,  the  average  returns  from  1910 
to  1914  are  taken  as  100. 

The  New  York  State  index  for  prices 
received  by  farmers  on  September  15 
was  151,  up  2  points  from  the  previous 
month  and  20  points  higher  than  Sep¬ 
tember  a  year  ago.  On  the  same  date, 
the  index  of  prices  paid  by  New  York 
State  farmers  as  compared  to  1910  to 
1914  was  153. 

—  A.  A. — 

FARM  TRUCK  OWNERS— 

( Continued  from  Page  5) 
civilian  driving. 

4.  A  new  rationing  system  for  gasoline, 
based  on  5,000  miles  driving  per 
year. 

5.  National  restrictions  on  mileage  and 
gasoline. 

6.  Compulsory  periodic  tire  inspection. 

7.  A  voluntary  tire  conservation  pro¬ 
gram  until  gas  rationing  is  effected. 

These  recommendations  are,  or  soon 
will  be,  covered  by  regulations  having 
the  same  force  as  laws.  What’s  more, 
they  will  be  enforced. 

CONSERVING  MILEAGE 

This  Certificate  of  War  Necessity 
(when  you  get  it)  must  be  kept  with 
the  truck  at  all  times.  It  is  in  effect 
a  license  to  operate  your  truck.  With¬ 
out  it,  you  will  be  unable  to  buy  gas¬ 
oline,  tires,  or  repair  parts.  In  order 
to  keep  it,  it  will  be  necessary  to  keep 
a  weekly  record  of  operations  on  a 
form  provided  on  the  back  of  each 
Certificate,  and  tires  will  be  checked 
by  inspection  agencies  every  5,000 
miles  or  every  sixty  days,  whichever 
occurs  first.  It  is  probable  that  other 
rules,  intended  to  conserve  truck  mile¬ 
age,  will  be  issued  by  the  Office  of  De¬ 
fense  Transportation  from  time  to  time. 

Because  this  Certificate  is  so  impor¬ 
tant  to  you,  we  have  explained  it  at 
some  length.  Be  sure  to  take  ad¬ 
vantage  of  the  help  you  can  get  on 
October  22,  23  and  24  in  filling  out  your 
application. 

Buy  War  Bonds  and  Stamps 


;584)  is 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  24,  1942 


Seat!  SaritaX  Gosnuta 


BY  MRS.  GRACE  WATKINS  HUCKETT 


MOST  OF  US  will  have  less 
money  to  spend  for  Christmas 
this  year,  and  even  if  we  had 
plenty  of  money,  Christmas 
shopping  is  going  to  be  harder  because 
we  are  all  so  busy  with  other  things, 
and  also  because  the  stores  will  have 
less  to  offer  this  year.  For  these 
reasons,  homemade  gifts  like  those 
shown  on  this  page  and  on  pages  19 
and  20  are  just  the  thing  for  our  sec¬ 
ond  war-time  Christmas. 

Paper  patterns  are  available  for  the 
following : 

Weskit- Jerkin-Cap  Set  No.  2798  peps 
up  the  wardrobe  no  end,  aside  from 
the  eminently  important  role  of  keep¬ 
ing  the  wearer  good  and  warm  this 
winter.  Use  bright  colors  in  tweed, 
jersey,  flannel,  fleece,  corduroy  or  simi¬ 
lar  warm  fabric. 

Now  while  you  can  still  buy  woolens 
by  the  yard,  it  is  good  strategy  to 
make  this  cute  coat  and  hat,  No.  2634, 
for  your  baby.  You  will  be  glad  you 
did! 

For  that  daughter  who  loves  nice 
things  you  will  want  to  make  this 
charming  ensemble  of  tailored  gown 
and  bedjacket,  No.  2847.  Make  it  of 
pretty  flowered  cotton  print  or  of  one. 
of  the  rayon  silk  materials;  have  the 
jacket  to  match  or  contrast,  as  you 
like — it  will  delight  the  heart  of  the 
recipient. 

These  stream-lined  undies,  hand¬ 
made  perhaps,  in  a  soft  satiny  rayon, 
would  fit  beautifully  into  any  girl  or 
woman’s  wardrobe.  If  she  likes  lace, 
by  all  means  add  it.  Use  Pattern  No. 
2636. 

A  beautifully  molded  slip,  gored  to 
fit  “like  the  paper  on  the  wall”,  is 
offered  in  Pattern  No.  3414.  Anyone 
who  has  had  difficulty  with  slips 


spreading  at  the  seams  will  appreciate 
one  made  by  this  pattern. 

Schoolboys  like  knickers  and  Pattern 
No.  2660  is  provided  for  them  (by 
special  request!)  Make  these  prac¬ 
tical,  comfortable  garments  in  cordu¬ 
roy  or  a  tweed  mixture  and  delight 
that  boy  of  yours  with  this  useful  gift. 

Pretty  little  apron  No.  2626,  is  equal¬ 
ly  useful  for  yourself,  for  a  Christmas 
gift,  or  for  the  Christmas  sale  at 
grange,  church,  or  home  bureau.  It’s 
easy  to  make,  well-fitting,  and  requires 
just  a  yard  of  fabric. 

And  don’t  forget  that  young  girls 
like  pretty,  warm  things  too.  Make 
nightie  No.  2699  in  brushed  rayon  or 
flannelette  in  the  adorable  colors  that 
are  so  becoming  to  her  fresh  young 
skin  and  hair — and  she  will  be  happy. 

The  still  smaller  girl  would  be  equal¬ 
ly  delighted  with  this  “picture  book” 
set,  No.  2539,  slip  and  panties  that  can 
be  run  up  quickly  and  yet  made  to 
look  so  daintily  feminine.  Make  them 
of  cotton  with  cotton  embroidery  edg¬ 
ing  or  of  one  of  the  rayon  silk  ma¬ 
terials. 

The  teeny  tot  would  love  this  ador¬ 
able  bear  family,  No.  3320.  Make  it 
of  suede-like  brushed  rayon  or  a  beige 
color  pile  fabric. 

Christmas  is  not  complete  without  a 
rag  doll.  No.  2000  is  the  perfect  pat¬ 
tern  for  a  cuddly,  huggable  one. 


The  little  girl  who  loves  to  sew  can 
get  a  fine  start  on  No.  2698,  which  is 
a  set  of  patterns  for  Dolly’s  entire 
wardrobe. 

Paper  Pattern  Sizes  and  Requirements 
No.  2798.  Sizes  12  to  40.  Size  16,  %  yard 
54-inch  fabric  for  vest ;  14  yard  for  cap ; 
%  yard  54-inch  fabric  for  jerkin. 

No.  2634.  Sizes  6  months,  1,  2  and  3  years. 
Size  2,  1(4  yards  54-inch  fabric  for  coat 
and  bonnet;  1%  yards  for  lining. 

No.  2847.  Sizes  16  to  50.  Size  36,  3% 
yards  39-inch  fabric  with  214  yards  edg¬ 
ing  for  nightgown;  1%  yards  35-inch  or 


39-inch  fabric  with  %  yard  edging  for 
bedjacket. 

No.  2636.  Sizes  12  to  46.  Size  36,  1%  yards 
39-inch  fabric  for  combination;  %  yard 
39-inch  or  %  yard  35-inch  for  bra;  1  yard 
39-inch  for  panties. 

No.  3414.  Sizes  14  to  52.  Size  36,  2%  yards 
39-inch  fabric. 

No.  2660.  Sizes  4  to  12.  Size  8,  1%  yards 
54-inch  fabric. 

No.  2626.  Sizes  small,  medium,  and  large. 
Medium  size,  1  yard  39-inch  fabric  with 
1 %  yards  ruffling. 

No.  2699.  Sizes  6  to  14.  Size  8,  long 
sleeves,  3  yards  39-inch  fabric. 

No.  2539.  Sizes  2  to  10.  Size  8,  1%  yards 
35-inch  or  39-inch  with  314  yards  edging 
for  slip ;  1  yard  with  1  yard  edging  for 
panties. 

No.  3320.  Size,  14  inches  tall.  %  yard  35- 
inch  fabric  for  body  with  %  yard  35-inch 
contrasting  for  ear  facings,  hands  and 
feet;  114  yards  2-inch  ribbon;  %  yard  35- 
inch  for  overalls ;  %  yard  with  I  yard 
braid  for  pinafore. 

No.  2000.  Size  13  inches  tall.  %  yard  35- 
inch  fabric  with  2  yards  braid  for  hat  and 
dress ;  %  yard  35-inch  fabric  for  body. 
No.  2698.  Sizes  12,  14,  16,  and  18  inches 
tall.  18-inch  doll  requires  %  yard  35-inch 
fabric  for  cape ;  %  yard  35-inch  with  2 
yards  of  lace  and  Vs  yard  applique,  for 
shorter  length  dress ;  %  yard  with  %  yard 
ruffling  for  pinafore  and  hat  with  14  yard 
lace  for  hat. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address  and 
pattern  numbers  clearly  and  enclose  15° 
in  coins  or  stamps  for  each  pattern  want¬ 
ed.  Address  Pattern  Department,  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist,  10  North  Cherry  Street, 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

Our  new  Fall  and  Winter  Fashion 
Book  has  25  excellent  Christmas  gift 
suggestions  and  150  pattern  designs, 
illustrated  in  color.  Price  of  book 
alone,  12c;  or  send  25c  for  a  Fashion 
Book  and  a  pattern  of  your  own  choos¬ 
ing 


Anerican  Agriculturist,  October  24,  1942 


19  (  585) 


Special 

notice 

ABOUT C010S 

Now  when  colds  strike,  relieve 
miseries  with  home- proved  Vicks 
VapoRub  that 

acts 2 WAVS 
AT  ONCE.. 

It  PENETRATES  to  upper  bronchial 
tubes  with  soothing  medicinal 
vapors.  It  STIMULATES  chest  and 
back  surfaces  like  a  warming 
poultice.  And  what’s  more,  it 
keeps  right  on  working  for  hours— 
even  while  you  sleep! 

Just  rub  throat,  chest  and  back 
with  good  old  Vicks  VapoRub  at 
bedtime.  VapoRub  goes  to  work 
instantly  to  relieve  coughing 
spasms,  ease  muscular  soreness 
or  tightness.  It  invites  restful, 
comforting  sleep.  And  often  by 
morning  most  of  the  misery  is 
gone.  Try  VapoRub’s  special 
2-way  action  tonight!  When  a 
cold  strikes,  be  sure  you  use  time- 

V tested  Vicks  VapoRub. 

 J 


You  Women  Who  Suffer  From 

HOT  HASHES 
CHILLY  FEELINGS 

If  you — like  so  many  between  the 
ages  of  38  and  52 — suffer  from  hot 
flashes,  weak,  dizzy,  nervous  feel¬ 
ings,  distress  of  “irregularities” — due 
to  the  functional  middle  age  period 
in  a  woman’s  life — try  taking  Lydia 
E.  Pinkham’s  Vegetable  Compound. 

Pinkham’s  Compound  is  famous  to 
relieve  such  distress.  Taken  regularly 
• — it  helps  build  up  resistance  against 
such  symptoms.  It  also  is  a  fine  sto¬ 
machic  tonic.  Follow  label  directions. 

For  free  trial  bottle  tear  this  out 
and  send  with  name  and  address  to 
the  Lydia  E.  Pinkham  Medicine  Co., 
667  Cleveland  St.,  Lynn,  Mass. 


laEks^ 

To  have  biggest,  best  Larkspurs  next  sum¬ 
mer,  sow  this  fall.  The  colors  of  the  flag  for 

your  Victory  Garden— a  lBc-Pkt.  - 

of  Giant  Double  Larkspur  free, 
with  directions.  Easy  to  grow.j 
Send  stamp  for  postage,  today.) 

•  Burpee’s  Seed  Catalog  free  a 

W.  ATLEE  BURPEE  CO.  _ 

Burpee  Building,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  or  Clinton,  Iowa 


HOTEL  GREAT  NORTHERN 


Centrally  located  in  midtown 
New  York.  Near  Radio  City, 
theatres,  fine  shops.  Large  com- 
,  fortable  and  attractive  -j 

ROOM  AND  BATH  from . 

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joins  our  111  West  56th 
St.  entrance.  Folder  Per  day. 
118  WEST  57th  ST..  NEW  YORK 


•2  75 


EMBROIDER  THESE 


YOU’LL  want  to  include  embroider¬ 
ed  things  among  your  homemade 
Christmas  gifts.  We’ve  selected  some 
that  the  recipients  are  sure  to  love. 

Jolly  Sailor  and  Winsome  Nurse 
Toys  No.  B1954  will  please  the  little 
folks  mightily.  The  pair  comes  stamp¬ 
ed,  with  instructions,  fast-color  per¬ 
cales  for  clothes,  and  candlewick  cot- 


A  new  and  delicate  touch  appears  in 
pillow  case  No.  B1728  with  its  trim  of 
old-fashioned  nosegays.  The  edge,  at¬ 
tractively  scalloped,  is  hemstitched  for 
crochet.  Material  stamped  for  simple 
pastel  embroidery  is  a  luster  finish, 
seamless  tubing  42  inches  in  width. 

TO  ORDER  THESE  EMBROIDERY 
ITEMS 

No.  B1954 — Jolly  Sailor  and  Win¬ 
some  Nurse— in  illustrated  box  con¬ 
taining  colorful  percale  and  candle- 
wick  cotton  for  wigs.  Per  pair  .  $.90 


Kitchen  Towels — Size  16  x  27  inches. 

Each  . 50 

B1821,  Gold  border;  BI833,  blue  bor¬ 
der;  B1825,  red  border. 

Guest  Towels— Size  14x20  inches.  Each  .45 
(B1785,  green;  B1778,  oyster;  B1787, 
maize.) 

No.  B1728  —  Pillow-Case,  tubing  42 
inches  wide,  stamped  for  embroid¬ 
ery  and  hemstitched  for  crochet. 

Per  pair  .  1.00 

Write  name,  address  and  number  of 
item  wanted  and  enclose  remittance.  Ad¬ 
dress  Embroidery  Department,  American 
Agriculturist,  10  North  Cherry  Street, 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


ton  for  wags  included.  The  toys  are 
tc  be  stuffed. 

No  matter  whether  the  homemaker 
is  the  newest  possible  bride  or  well- 
seasoned  veteran  at  the  job,  household 
linens  are  always  welcome.  Gay 
kitchen  towels  B1821,  B1823  and  B1825 
show  colorful,  amusing  designs  stamp¬ 
ed  on  part  linen  ( 10%  linen  and  90% 
cotton)  oyster  crash  for  simple  ap¬ 
plique  with  colorful  percale  patches  in¬ 
cluded.  The  wide  fast-colored  borders 
are  already  attached;  sides  are  hem¬ 
med. 

To  pretty  up  the  bathroom  nothing 
is  more  acceptable  than  guest  towels. 
A  new  all-cotton  firmly  woven  crepe 
comes  stamped  for  cross-stitching  and 
other  simple  embroidery  on  oyster  or 
beautiful  boil-proof  colors.  These  items 
are  B1785,  B1778  and  B1787.  Ends 
are  hand-fringed;  sides  are  hemmed. 


1728: 


Street_ 
City _ 


State 


•  Just  off  the  press 
—  new  FREE  folder 
of  20  famous  sug¬ 
ar  saving  recipes. 
Simply  check  cou¬ 
pon  belowforFREE 
copy — or  add  10c 
for  Davis  Cook 
Book,  too! 


R.  B.  DAVIS  COMPANY 
13  Jackson  Street, 

Hoboken,  N.  J 

□  Send  me  FREE,  new 
Davis  Folder  of  20  Sugar 
Saving  Recipes. 

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I  enclose  10c.  (p/ease  prinl  plain,Y) 


Name. 


To  Relieve  Bad 
Cough,  Mix  This 
Recipe,  at  Home 

Big  Saving.  No  Cooking.  So  Easy. 

You’ll  be  surprised  how  quickly  and 
easily  you  can  relieve  coughs  due  to  colds, 
when  you  try  this  splendid  recipe.  It  gives 
you  about  four  times  as  much  cough 
medicine  for  your  money,  and  you’ll  find 
it  truly  wonderful,  for  real  relief. 

Make  a  syrup  by  stirring  2  cups  of 
granulated  sugar  and  one  cup  of  water  a 
few  moments,  until  dissolved.  No  cooking 
needed — it’s  no  trouble  at  all.  (Or  you 
can  use  corn  syrup  or  liquid  honey,  in¬ 
stead  of  sugar  syr-up.)  Then  put  2% 
ounces  of  Pinex  (obtained  from  any 
druggist)  in  a  pint  bottle.  Add  your 
syrup  and  you  have  a  full  pint  of  medi¬ 
cine  that  will  amaze  you  by  its  quick  ac¬ 
tion.  It  never  spoils,  lasts  a  family  a  long 
time,  and  tastes  fine — children  love  it. 

This  simple  mixture-takes  right  hold  of 
a  cough.  For  real  results,  you’ve  never  seen 
anything  better.  It  loosens  the  phlegm, 
soothes  the  irritated  membranes,  quick¬ 
ly  eases  soreness  and  difficult  breathing. 

Pinex  is  a  special  compound  of  proven 
ingredients,  in  concentrated  form,  well- 
known  for  its  prompt  action  in  coughs 
and  bronchial  irritations.  Money  refunded 
if  it  doesn’t  please  you  in  every  way. 


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(586)  20 


A?  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  24,  1942 


CleueSi  With 

IT’S  FUN  to  knit  or  crochet,  particu¬ 
larly  when  you’re  making  something 
destined  for  a  Christmas  tree.  Instruc- ' 
tions  for  making  any  of  the  articles 


Men  like  sweaters,  particularly  when  they 
are  as  jaunty  as  this  one,  No.  2124. 


illustrated  on  this  page  may  be  obtain¬ 
ed  by  sending  three  cents  in  coin  or 
stamps  to  Embroidery  Dep’t.,  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist,  10  N.  Cherry  St., 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

We  do  not  supply  materials  for  these 


Knit  him  this  pair  of  warm  mittens, 
No.  2127. 

items,  just  the  instructions: 

Man’s  Knitted  Sweater  No.  2124. 
Knitted  Mittens  for  Men  No.  2127. 
Child’s  Knitted  Outfit:  Cardigan  No. 
2119;  Purse  No.  2120;  Beanie  No.  2121. 
Crocheted  gloves  No.  2104. 

When  ordering  instruction  leaflets, 
be  sure  to  write  your  name  and  ad¬ 
dress  clearly,  and  give  name  and  num¬ 
ber  of  each  instruction  leaflet  wanted. 


Any  girl  would  be  delighted  to  find  these 
smart  crocheted  gloves  hanging  on  her 
Christmas  tree.  No.  2104. 


AUNT  JANET’S 

tf-avon-ite  Recipe 

SINCE  yellow-fleshed  vegetables 
are  more  appreciated  than 
ever  because  of  their  vitamin 
content,  we  can  enjoy  all  the 
more  something  that  we  have  al¬ 
ways  liked. 

Squash  Pie 

Plain  pastry  I  teaspoon  nutmeg 

I  cup  sifted  squash  %  teaspoon  ginger 

%  cup  sugar  'U  teaspoon  mace 

V3  cup  corn  syrup  3  eggs 

%  teaspoon  salt  %  cup  heavy  cream  or 

I  teaspoon  cinnamon  evaporated  milk 

Line  a  deep  pie  plate  with  pas¬ 
try  and  chill.  To  the  strained, 
cooled  squash  add  sugar,  syrup, 
salt  and  spices  and  mix  thorough¬ 
ly.  Beat  the  eggs,  add  cream 
and  mix  with  squash.  Pour  into 
the  pastry-lined  pan  and  bake  in 
a  very  hot  oven  (450°)  for  10 
minutes,  then  reduce  the  heat  to 
moderate  (350°)  and  bake  for  40 
minutes  longer.  Makes  one  9- 
inch  pie. 

Variation :  Separate  eggs  and 
add  beaten  egg  whites  last  to  the 
mixture  to  give  the  pie  a  chiffon¬ 
like  texture. 

Pe/iA,a*ted  Pn,oblem& 

FICKLE  FRIEND; 

GIRL  GOSSIP 

Dear  Lucile :  A  boy  and  I  like  each 
other,  only  he  is  very  changeable.  He 
will  quit  me  for  other  girls ;  not  speak 
for  weeks,  then  come  back  and  be  nice 
to  me.  I  think  I  should  pay  no  attention 
to  him  at  these  times,  but  just  be  nice 
to  him  all  along,  as  if  what  he  does 
doesn’t  matter.  Is  this  all  right?  Also, 
my  girl  friend  talks  about  everybody. 
The  only  two  perfect  people  are  herself 
and  her  sister.  What  should  I  do  when 
she  talks  about  people? — Maggie. 

I  think  your  plan  for  simply  being 
nice  to  this  boy  at  all  times,  but  not 
’giving  him  any  particular  attention  at 
any  one  time  solves  your  problem 
nicely.  In  other  words,  just  keep  on 


Cute  as  can  be  is  this  knitted  outfit  for 
a  child:  Cardigan  No.  2119;  Purse  No. 
2120;  Beanie  No.  2121. 


the  same  as  always,  while  he  blows 
hot  and  cold,  as  he  seems  to  do.  Cer¬ 
tainly  you  wouldn’t  want  to  tie  your¬ 
self  up  very  closely  to  a  boy  so  moody 
and  undependable. 

On  the  matter  of  your  gossiping  girl 
friend  .  .  .  can’t  you  change  the  sub¬ 
ject  so  deliberately  when  she  starts  to 
talk  about  people  that  she  will  get  the 
idea  that  you  aren’t  interested  in  hear¬ 
ing  what  she  has  to  say?  You  might 
also  appear  a  bit  disinterested  when 
she  begins  her  songs  of  praise  about 
herself  and  her  sister. 

*  *  * 

Don’t  Re  So  Despondent 

Dear  Lucile :  I  feel  like  killing  myself. 
I  am  19  years  old  and  I  have  to  stay  at 
home  and  work  so  hard  .  .  .  eight  in  the 
family,  wash  by  rubbing  on  the  board, 
iron  with  the  kind  of  irons  you  heat  on 
the  stove,  chop  wood,  hoe  the  garden. 
And  I  don’t  ever  see  anyone  for  we  live 
off  the  state  road. 

I  wouldn’t  mind  so  much  if  my  parents 
would  let  me  see  the  boy  I  care  for.  We 
went  together,  then  broke  up.  He  came 
back  and  we  patched  things  up  and  are 
going  together  again,  but  my  folks  don’t 
know  it.  When  I  say  I  want  to  get  mar¬ 
ried  next  year,  my  mother  tells  me  I  am 
young  and  crazy.  Should  I  go  with  this 
boy  anyway? — Unhappy. 

It  seems  to  me  that  since  you  stay 
at  home  and  work  so  hard,  your  folks 
might  allow  you  to  go  with  this  boy 
you  like,  if  they  have  no  objections  to 
him  for  faults  of  character. 

Of  course,  you  must  not  say  things 
like  “you  feel  like  killing  yourself.” 
Things  may  appear  to  be  very  unfair 
to  you,  but  you’re  very  young  and 
there’s  a  long  life  ahead  of  you,  when 
things  will  be  changed  and  you’ll  have 
much  happiness,  I’m  sure. 

*  *  * 

Something  for  Herself 

Dear  Lucile :  I  have  been  married  14 
years  to  a  man  who  is  not  unkind  and 
we  could  be  happy  with  our  five  children 
if  he  would  take  a  greater  stand  against 
his  folks  and  provide  for  us  a  little  bet¬ 
ter. 

He  works  for  his  father  for  no  definite 
wages,  just  whatever  he  can  get  and  has 
to  have.  He  has  two  life  insurance  policies 
that  his  father  pays  and  is  the  benefic¬ 
iary  of.  My  husband  says  that  if  anything 
happened  to  him,  his  father  would  turn 
the  policies  over  to  me,  but  I  do  not  be¬ 
lieve  it,  as  we  do  not  get  along. 

The  children  and  I  have  a  garden  and 
poultry  and  the  poultry  money  goes  for 
whatever  is  needed,  on  doctor  bills,  etc. 
When  I  ask  my  husband  for  money  to 
buy  myself  or  the  children  clothes,  he 
says  he  hasn’t  got  it.  Perhaps  after  a 
month’s  waiting  he  will  give  it  to  me  if 
I  keep  asking.  I  would  rather  go  with¬ 
out  than  ask  for  myself,  but  I  haven’t 
any  other  way  to  get  things  for  the  chil¬ 
dren.  I  don’t  ask  for  much,  for  I  know 
he  hates  to  ask  his  father  for  it,  he  is 
so  grouchy.  We  never  know  where  we 
stand;  his  father  buys  his  clothes.  My 
husband  hauls  milk  and  feed  for  the 
neighbors  with  his  father’s  truck  and  if 
he  collects  more  money  than  he  needs,  he 
turns  it  over  to  his  father. 

Now,  I  love  my  husband  and  children 
and  home  but  it  is  so  discouraging  with 
nothing  to  do  with  and  nothing  to  look 
forward  to.  Sometimes  I’m  afraid  I  will 
go  mad.  I  don’t  want  a  separation  as  both 
the  children  and  I  need  him,  but  I  ask, 
what  can  I  do  about  this  situation?  Do 
you  think  if  I  ask  a  three  dollar  a  week 
allowance  for  myself  and  children,  is  it 
too  much?  That  would  be  for  clothes;  my 
husband  always  gets  the  groceries.  He 
just  seems  to  think  I  should  not  have  any 
money  of  my  own.  I  wear  old  clothing 
and  make  over  for  the  children. 

How  can  I  make  him  realize  my  situa¬ 
tion.? — A  Homemaker. 

I  can  sympathize  with  your  position, 
for  I  have  known  other  cases  where 
a  wife  must  get  along  on  nothing  and 
her  husband  didn’t  think  it  mattered. 
In  your  case,  I  think,  it  is  not  so 
much  studied  cruelty  on  the  part  of 
your  husband,  as  it  is  his  fear  of,  and 
domination  by,  his  father. 

If  you’ve  tried  in  a  reasonable  way 
to  point  out  to  them  how  unfairly  you 
are  being  treated,  and  they’ve  failed 


Petition  to  Uncle  Sam 

By  Lalia  Mitchell  Thornton. 

Oh,  Uncle  Sam,  be  kind  to  him, 

He  is  so  very  young. 

His  skates  are  on  the  closet  shelf, 

His  racket  —  newly  strung  — 

Is  put  away  with  bat  and  ball 
Here  in  the  alcove  off  the  hall. 

And  Uncle  Sam,  take  care  of  him 
Wherever  he  may  go. 

His  sweaters  were  iso  thick  and  warm, 
His  coats  hung  in  a  row. 

I  always  had  him  change  his  shoes, 
Storm  dampened,  and  he  won’t  refuse. 

Yes,  Uncle  Sam,  you’ll  make  of  him 
A  man,  for  war  does  that; 

But  leave  some  fragment  of  the  boy 
Who  loved  a  ball  and  bat. 

Help  him  grow  strong  to  vanquish  foes, 
But  not  too  big  to  fit  his  clothes. 


JUST  FOR  FUN 

HETHER  you  have  the  job  of 
planning  recreational  programs 
for  a  community  group  or  just  want 
good  suggestions  for  family  fun,  you 
will  find  some  grand  ideas  in  these 
booklets  and  mimeographed  bulletins, 
offered  by  the  National  Recreation  As¬ 
sociation  at  low  cost: 

Games  for  Quiet  Hours  and  Small  Spaces, 
<20  cents).  Tricks  and  mystery  games, 
riddles  and  puzzle^  games  for  two, 
games  for  small  groups,  games  for  larg¬ 
er  groups. 

Mental  Games,  (10  cents).  Directions  for 
a  number  of  alphabet  games,  games  of 
observation,  games  of  concentration, 
paper  and  pencil  games,  guessing 
games,  and  quizzes. 

Card  Games  for  Everybody,  <10  cents). 
Michigan,  Hearts,  Go-Fish,  Oh  Pshaw, 
Old  Maid,  Donkey,  I  Doubt  It. 

Stunts,  Contest  and  Relays,  •  (10  cents). 
Game  Leadership,  (Free).  Suggestions 
for  conducting  social  recreation  pro¬ 
grams. 

Charades,  (Free).  How  to  play  charades 
with  suggestions  for  words,  advertising 
slogans,  Mother  Goose  rhymes,  songs, 
flowers,  scenes  from  Shakespeare,  etc. 
Easy  Stunts,  (10  cents).  A  collection  of 
ten  entertaining  stunts  requiring  few, 
if  any,  rehearsals  and  only  simple  cos¬ 
tumes  and  stage  properties. 

For  the  Storyteller,  (35  cents).  Sugges¬ 
tions  on  how  to  tell  stories  and  lists  of 
stories  to  tell. 

Action  Songs,  (10  cents).  Stunt  songs 
and  rounds  which  can  be  used  with 
large  groups  in  situations  in  which 
people  cannot  move  around. 

Twenty  Points  for  Song  Leaders,  (Free). 
Let’s  Sing  the  Same  Songs,  (5  cents). 
There  are  twenty  songs,  with  words  and 
melodies.  Some  are  patriotic  songs; 
others,  folk  songs,  spirituals,  work 
songs,  and  other  familiar  old  songs. 

Any  or  all  of  these  may  be  ordered 
from  the  National  Recreation  Associa¬ 
tion,  315  Fourth  Ave.,  New  York  City. 


to  comprehend,  do  you  suppose  a  real 
tantrum  with  a  threat  of  walking  out 
would  turn  the  trick? 

I  think  I  have  a  mental  picture  of 
your  father-in-law.  He  thinks  that  he 
provides  a  home  and  the  necessities  of 
life  for  you  and  your  family  and  that 
you  have  nothing  to  worry  about.  Of 
course,  that  is  a  great  deal,  in  view  of 
what  people  in  otheT  parts  of  the  world 
are  going  without,  but  I  know  how  im¬ 
portant  —  yes,  essential  —  it  is  for  a 
woman’s  self-respect  to  have  a  dollar 
or  two  to  call  her  own  with  which  she 
can  buy  little  things  for  the  family  and 
the  home.. 

Knowing  all  the  circumstances  and 
opportunities,  try  to  make  the  most  of 
whatever  chance  you  have.  In  the 
meantime,  devote  yotir  efforts  to  mak¬ 
ing  your  home,  though  humble,  happy 
for  the  children.  If  a  fine  spirit  pre¬ 
vails,  they  won’t  remember  whether 
there  was  much  in  a  material  way, 
and  building  happy  memories  for  them 
is  one  big  duty  of  mothers,  I  think. 


American  Agriculturist,  October  24,  1942 


21  (587) 


My  Two  Weeks  at 


MINIWANCA 


By  GEORGE  FOSTER,  Middlebury,  Vt. 

Winner  of  the  American  Agriculturist  Scholarship  to  Camp  Miniwanca. 


WHEN  I  left  for  Camp  Miniwanca 
at  Shelby,  Michigan,  the  after¬ 
noon  of  August  15,  I  started  living  two 
of  the  finest  weeks  of  my  life.  After 
traveling  by  train,  bus  and  car,  I  arriv¬ 
ed  at  camp  the  morning  of  August  17. 

At  the  camp,  there  were  approxi¬ 
mately  three  hundred  and  fifty  boys 
from  nearly  every  state  in  the  Union. 
It  didn’t  take  us  long  to  find  out  that 
the  camp  was  something  besides  a 
recreational  center.  Its  aims  were  to 
teach  us  boys  how  to  live  with  others 
in  a  Christian  four-fold  manner.  The 
camp  motto  is,  “Be  yourself,  at  your 
very  best,  all  the  time.”  The  oppor¬ 
tunities  were  not  compulsory,  but  we 
went  there  to  learn  all  that  we  could, 
so  we  found  ourselves  very  busy. 

Every  morning  we  rose  at  6:30,  at 
which  time  we  stood  at  attention  for 
the  raising  of  the  flag.  After  this,  we 
had  setting-up  exercises  and  a  dip  in 
Lake  Michigan,  which  certainly  wakes 
a  person  up  in  a  hurry!  During  the 
morning,  we  had  four  classes  and  an 
assembly  period.  I  believe  that  these 
classes  were  the  finest  part  of  the  en¬ 
tire  program.  The  instructors  were 
from  various  colleges  and  were  very 
interesting.  The  classes  that  we  at¬ 
tended  were:  The  Art  of  Living,  The 
Teachings  of  Jesus,  The  Four-fold  Life, 
and  Development  and  Horizons. 

The  camp’s  main  theme,  four-fold 
development,  is  signified  by  the  four 
letters  P.S.M.R.,  standing  for  Physical, 
Social,  Mental,  and  Religious  develop¬ 
ment.  Physical  development  was  fur¬ 
thered  by  the  various  athletic  activi¬ 
ties.  Each  boy  was  classified  accord¬ 
ing  to  his  athletic  ability  and  placed 
in  tribes  accordingly.  There  were  six 
tribes:  Crowfeet,  Susquehanna,  Black- 
feet,  Iroquois,  Dakotas,  and  Navajos. 
These  different  tribes  would  play 
against  each  other  in  soccer,  soft  ball, 
and  volley  ball.  Nine  games  took  place 
every  afternoon,  in  which  every  boy 
took  part  whether  he  was  good  at  the 
game  or  not.  Besides  these  tourna¬ 
ments,  there  were  individual  games, 
and  a  track  and  a  swimming  meet. 
They  certainly  did  a  great  job  of  or¬ 
ganizing  the  games,  and  the  way  in 
which  we  lived  at  camp  helped  all  of 
us  physically. 

The  Social  side  of  life  was  develop¬ 
ed  through  the  tournaments,  and  also 
each  evening  after  the  Vesper  service 


there  was  a  different  kind  of  entertain¬ 
ment,  including  a  rodeo,  a  bam  dance, 
a  relay  flashlight  race,  camp  singing, 
etc.  There  was  certainly  a  lot  of  talent 
in  the  camp.  In  the  rodeo,  boys  were 
used  for  horses,  and  in  the  barn  dance 
some  of  us  had  to  dress  up  as  girls. 
Otherwise,  the  shows  were  quite  real¬ 
istic. 

The  Mental  side  of  the  four-fold  life 
was  developed  by  the  class  instruction. 
It  broadened  my  outlook  on  various 
subjects.  One  fine  thing  about  these 
classes  was  that  we  were  required  to 
take  notes  on  what  we  heard.  These 
notes  will  be  among  my  cherished  pos¬ 
sessions.  I  can  look  back  and  recall 
many  an  interesting  class. 

Religious  development  was  accom¬ 
plished  by  the  very  atmosphere  of  the 
camp.  There  was  something  about 
camping  with  those  three  hundred  and 
fifty  boys  that  is  hard  to  explain.  All 
were  interested  in  high  ideals  and  in 
learning  how  to  live  a  Christian  life. 
Every  morning,  prepared  worship 
sheets  were  left  at  our  tents.  We  had 
a  fifteen  minute  meditation  period 
when  we  could  stay  in  our  tents  or  go 
to  some  quiet  spot  on  the  camp 
grounds.  Every  evening  there  was  a 
Vespers  service  which  included  a  short 
worship  period  followed  by  a  speaker. 
When  the  weather  permitted,  Vespers 
were  held  up  on  Vesper  Dune,  a  high 
dune  sloping  toward  the  lake.  It  was  a 
marvelous  sight  to  sit  there  on  the 
sand  and  watch  the  sun  settle  below 
the  horizon.  Once  in  a  while  a  cargo 
boat  would  go  steaming  by.  Some¬ 
thing  that  moved  me  greatly  about  this 
Vesper  service  was  the  way  of  pray¬ 
ing.  Each  person  prayed  in  a  tone 
just  above  a  whisper.  It  was  hard  to 
do  at  first,  but  when  acquired  was  very 
effective  and  impressive. 

So  far  I  have  told  what  the  Camp 
offers  to  the  individual.  Now  I  would 
like  to  explain  a  little  about  the  history 
of  the  Camp.  It  is  conducted  by  the 
American  Youth  Foundation.  It  has 
been  operating  for  29  years,  and  its 
President  is  Mr.  W.  H.  Danforth  who 
has  a  great  deal  to  do  with  Purina 
Mills  at  St.  Louis,  and  whom  American 
Agriculturist  readers  knew  as  the  au¬ 
thor  of  “I  Dare  You!”  Mr.  Danforth 
presented  each  of  us  with  a  Foundation 
charm.  It’s  something  that  I  will  al¬ 
ways  keep  as  a  remembrance  of  my 


fine  experience. 

Camp  Miniwanca  is  situated  between 
two  lakes,  Stony  Lake  and  Lake  Michi¬ 
gan.  The  area  is  hilly  and  wooded. 
Long  paths  connect  the  two  lakes. 
Swimming  .and  boating  instruction 
took  place  on  Stony  Lake,  and  most  of 
the  other  swimming  was  done  in  Lake 
Michigan,  whose  big  waves  sure  do 
roll  in. 

At  camp,  we  lived  in  tents,  a  new 
experience  for  me.  There  were  six 
fellows  and  a  leader  in  each  tent.  In 
mine  were  five  other  boys,  all  from 
different  states,  Texas,  Kansas,  Michi¬ 
gan,  Iowa,  and  West  Virginia.  It  was 
fun  to  hear  the  Texas  fellow  talk. 

Every  day  we  had  tent  inspection 
and  had  to  keep  our  tents  clean  or  be 
penalized.  Our  leader  divided  the  jobs 
up  among  us  boys.  Two  took  care  of 
the  tent  flaps,  one  had  to  sweep  the 
tent  floor,  etc.  We  all  ate  in  one  large 
dining  lodge.  Each  tent  group  had  a 
separate  table,  and  one  boy  from  each 
tent  served  the  meal. 

Finally,  I  would  like  to  say  that  I 
think’that  the  fellowship  with  the  boys 
out  there  on  the  sand  dunes  of  Camp 
Miniwanca  is  as  near  to  Christian  liv¬ 
ing  as  anything  a  person  could  experi¬ 
ence.  This  camp  is  a  place  to  manu¬ 
facture  youth,  and  I  am  sure  that  every 
boy  who  goes  to  it  leaves  there  with 
new  ideals  and  a  determination  to 
make  the  most  of  himself.  This  four¬ 
fold  balanced  life  seems  to  grip  a  per¬ 
son.  The  camp  motto,  “Be  yourself,  at 
your  very  best,  all  the  time”,  inspires 
you.  If  only  every  American  boy  and 
girl  could  have  the  experience  of  such 
a  camp. 

I  would  like  to  thank  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  again  for  making  this  fine 
opportunity  available  to  me.  It  has 
certainly  been  a  marvelous  experience. 
I  know  that  it  will  help  to  influence 
my  life. 

— a.  a. — 

"KEEP  ’EM  EATING" 

( Continued  from  Page  1) 
draft  age  not  yet  in  the  armed  forces 
are  getting  married.  Why  not?  Ob¬ 
viously  marriage  at  this  time  cannot 
be  considered  as  a  reason  for  defer¬ 
ment;  but,  on  the  other  hand,  it  should 
not  be  a  handicap. 

Two  Shifts 

3.  Appeals  for  deferment  have  been 
denied  on  the  ground  that  a  farm  busi¬ 
ness  is  too  small,  or  that  the  worker  is 
not  putting  in  full  time  on  the  farm.  Of 
course,  the  total  yearly  production  of 
a  small  farm  is  not  particularly  im¬ 
pressive,  but  how  could  we  get  along 
without  the  total  production  of  all  of 
our  small  farms?  Consideration,  too, 
should  be  given  to  the  thought  that 
these  operators  of  small  farms  often 
work  many  days  a  year  on  adjoining 
farms,  thus  providing  an  exceedingly 
important  and  efficient  source  of  day 
labor  in  rush  periods.  The  same  is  true 
of  the  part-time  worker.  Certainly  a 
man  should  not  be  penalized  because  he 
is  willing  to  put  in  eight  hours  on  a 
defense  job  and  another  eight  on  his 
own  or  on  a  neighbor’s  farm. 

4.  We  realize  that  there  is  no  pro¬ 
vision  in  the  Selective  Service  Act  for 
permanent  deferment.  Probably  there 
should  be  no  such  provision.  On  the 
other  hand,  farming  has  its  peculiar 
problems.  Farm  production  cannot  be 
turned  on  or  turned  off  at  an  hour’s 
notice.  Plans  are  being  made  now  for 
next  year’s  production,  and  these  plans 
will  be  trimmed  unless  farmers  can 
have  reasonable  assurance  that  help 
will  be  available  to  care  for  the  crops 
and  to  harvest  them. 

Is  it  not  reasonable,  therefore,  that 
a  farm  worker,  deferred  during  the 
winter  and  spring,  should  have  some 
assurance  that  he  will  be  allowed  to 
stay  on  the  farm  at  least  until  the 
crops  are  harvested  in  the  fall?  As  it 
stands  now,  the  entire  responsibility 


TASK  OF  FORGETTING 

By  Alma  Robison  Higbee. 

No  letter  comes  and  days  drag  by  on 
leaden  feet. 

I  watch  the  sky  with  aching  eyes 
grown  dim ; 

How  can  I  heed  the  call  of  wind, 
autumnal  and  sweet 
When  you  are  lost  beyond  the  far 
horizon’s  rim? 

/  . 

So  I  do  fall  housecleaning  from  cellar 
to  attic  rafter, 

And  grope  back  through  the  past  for 
your  remembered  laughter. 

for  getting  continued  deferment  rests 
on  the  shoulders  of  the  draftee  and  his 
employer.  They  must  take  valuable 
time  from  farm  work  to  convince  the 
Local  Draft  Board  or  the  Draft  Appeal 
Board  that  deferment  should  be  con¬ 
tinued.  They  have  no  assurance  of  suc¬ 
cess,  and  the  whole  problem  is  com¬ 
plicated  by  the  natural  feeling  on  the 
part  of  many  boys  that  they  should 
be  in  uniform. 

Skilled  Work 

To  sum  up  the  whole  situation,  the 
drain  on  farm  labor  through  enlist¬ 
ments,  draft,  and  high  wages  paid  on 
defense  jobs  and  other  government  pro¬ 
jects  has  reached  the  point  where  it 
must  be  stopped  or  the  nation  will  face 
a  critical  food  shortage.  If  it  is  neces¬ 
sary  to  draft  labor  and  assign  it  to  the 
farm,  that  should  be  done.  However,  a 
grave  mistake  will  be  made  if  boys 
trained  for  farm  work  (many  of  whom 
are  willing  to  start  before  sunrise  and 
work  until  after  dark)  are  drafted  into 
the  armed  forces  or  allowed  to  take 
defense  jobs,  and  then  are  replaced  by 
untrained  workers  who  are  drafted  and 
assigned  to  farms.  A  trained  worker  is 
worth  at  least  three,  and  in  some  cases 
half  a  dozen,  men  without  farm  experi¬ 
ence. 

Tricky  Weather 

The  situation  is  critical.  This  past 
season  farmers,  by  working  long  hours 
and  aided  by  generally  favorable 
weather,  produced  bumper  crops.  In 
1943  there  certainly  will  be  less  farm 
machinery  to  buy,  labor  will  be  scarcer 
unless  something  is  done  now,  and  it 
would  be  tempting  fate  to  assume  that 
we  will  get  another  growing  season 
like  that  of  1942. 

Prophesying  is  dangerous,  but  there 
is  a  distinct  possibility  that  by  the  mid¬ 
dle  of  next  summer  the  city  press  will 
carry  streamer  headlines  about  food 
shortages,  at  the  same  time  saying  on 
the  editorial  page:  “Why  didn’t  some¬ 
body  tell  us  about  this?”  or  “Why  do 
not  those  in  charge  of  the  war  effort 
do  something  about  it?” 

It  will  be  too  late  then.  Now  is  the 
time  for  the  government  to  take  action 
necessary  to  keep  the  few  boys  left  on 
the  farms  where  they  can  produce  the 
food  that  is  so  essential  to  the  whole 
war  effort. 


FARMERS ! 

GET  THE  LATEST 

NEWS 

ON  THE  FARM  FRONT 

BY  UNITED  FKESS 

1  P.  M.  DAILY 

Tune  WBTA  First 

DIAL  1490 


LG 


CHRISTMAS  CARDS. 

FARMINGTON,  AI329  Culver,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


No,  no,  Strongheart.  Just  ONE  newspaper !” 


(588  )  22 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  October  24,  1942 


Here  in  New  Mexico,  in  cooperation  with 
the  USDA,  we  have  set  out  and  raised 
through  its  first  summer  one  acre  of 
guayule  in  a  test  to  determine  its  adap¬ 
tability  in  our  irrigated  section.  From  the 
reports  of  the  field  workers  of  the  USDA, 
our  plot  has  done  very  well  but  is  not 
showing  the  growth  that  plots  south  of  us 
have.  The  plants  will  be  allowed  to  grow 
until  a  year  from  now  at  which  time  the 
whole  plant  will  be  harvested.  Meanwhile 
w@  are  making  monthly  serfd  harvests. — 
H.  E.  Babcock,  Jr. 


shearing,  they  will  be  carrying  about 
the  right  growth  of  wool  for  the  use  of 
their  pelts  in  lined  clothing,  and  it  is 
the  time  at  which  clipped  sheep  will 
sell  without  penalty  for  having  too 
short  wool. 

My  plan  in  almost  rushing  the  ewes 
through  is  to  get  rid  of  them  early 
before  we  get  too  deep  into  spring 
work.  Last  year  we  followed  a  program 
of  breeding  them  and  lambing  them 
out,  making  spring  lambs  on  the  farm. 
We  nearly  got  into  a  jam  doing  this 
because  of  the  attention  they  required 
just  when  spring  work  opened  up.  We 
lost  both  lambs  and  ewes  through  neg¬ 
lect.  We  know  definitely  now  that  we 
are  going  to  have  to  operate  with  up 
to  fifty  per  cent  less  help  next  spring. 
To  guard  against  neglecting  both  ewes 
and  crops  we  are  going  to  get  rid  of 
the  ewes. 

HOGS 

The  whole  basis  for  the  success  of 
our  hog  operation  has  been  the  small 
local  packing  plant  to  which  we  could 
take  our  hogs  eight  or  ten  at  a  time. 
We  are  now  threatened  with  the  loss 
of  this  market.  The  packing  plant  has 
been  placed  on  a  quota  which  is  about 
70  per  cent  of  its  usual  business.  Dufe 
to  increased  business  through  defense 
work  in  this  area,  they  will  meet  this 
quota  by  the  fifteenth  of  this  month. 
They  can  see  no  other  alternative  but 
closing  down  since  they  cannot  afford 
to  maintain  their  crews  thrbugh  two 
idle  weeks  of  a  month. 

It  is  the  concensus  of  opinion  among 
local  hog  farmers  that  they  had  best 
look  to  something  else  and  sell  out 
their  hogs,  for  in  company  with  me 
they  cannot  produce  hogs  for  market 
a  carload  at  a  time.  We  are  now  look¬ 
ing  around  for  some  dealer  who  will 
set  up  a  collection  agency  where  we 
can  all  market  our  hogs,  he  to  later 
ship  carloads  to  Kansas  City.  Margins 
upon  which  hogs  can-  be  handled  are  so 
narrow,  however,  that  nobody  seems  to 
be  much  interested. 

The  same  situation  applies  to  veal, 
cutter  cows  and  bulls,  and  some  really 
good  cattle  which  the  local  packing 
house  has  handled  for  local  farmers  in 
the  past.  All  of  this  butcher  stuff,  in¬ 
cluding  hogs,  will  go  through  shrinks 
in  being  shipped  to  Kansas  City  that 
will  mean  in  a  year’s  time  great  losses 
of  meat  which  the  nation  can  now  ill 
afford.  In  addition  to  this  loss,  there 
will  be  increased  use  of  the  now  over¬ 
crowded  railroads  in  shipping  the  live¬ 
stock  1000  miles  to  be  butchered,  and 
then  the  carcasses  1000  miles  back  to 
be  consumed.  October  10,  19^2. 


only  years  can  acquire.  Yes,  women, 
the  aged,  the  physically  unfit,  and  boys 
and  girls  will  all  be  used  in  an  effort 
to  plug  the  gaps.  The  fact  remains 
that  skilled  farm  workers  cannot  be 
replaced. 

It  seems  evident  that  from  the  top 
down  immediate  steps  must  be  taken 
so  to  harness  the  manpower  of  this 
country  that  every  man,  woman  and 
child  be  fitted  into  a  wartime  pat¬ 
tern  so  that  human  energy  may  be  used 
to  best  advantage  at  the  point  most 
needed.  Unless  this  is  done  by  the 
Manpower  Commission  or  some  other 
agency  created  by  Congress,  the  Selec¬ 
tive  Service  Boards  have  no  alterna- 


Kernels,  Screenings. 
and  Chaff 

By  H.  E.  BABCOCK 


WE  MIST  HAVE  FOOD 

A  Guest  Editorial 

By  E.  S.  FOSTER, 

Secretary  of  New  York  Conference 
Board  of  Farm  Organizations. 

MANPOWER  has  become  the  num¬ 
ber  one  war  problem.  It  must  be 
dealt  with  immediately.  Its  solution 
is  vital  to  the  war  effort.  We  cannot 
continue  to  drain  essential  workers 
from  the  farms  of  America  without 
disastrous  consequences.  This  prob¬ 
lem  is  of  more  vital  concern  to  the 
boys  in  our  fighting  forces,  to  our  Al¬ 
lies,  and  to  city  consumers  than  to  the 
farmer  himself.  The  farmer  will  con¬ 
tinue  to  work  long  hours  and  do  his 
best,  with  the  limited  labor  he  can  em¬ 
ploy,  to  end  this  war  just  as  soon  as 
possible. 

The  farmer  originates  our  food  sup¬ 
ply,  and  he  is  going  to  eat  and  feed 
his  family.  Our  fighting  men,  our  Al¬ 
lies,  and  city  consumers  are  on  the  re¬ 
ceiving  end  of  our  food  supply,  and 
hunger  might  easily  stare  them  in  the 
face.  It  seems  certain  that  our  fight¬ 
ing  men  are  going  to  be  well  fed,  and 
that  is  right.  It  seems  evident,  also, 
that  every  effort  will  be  made  to  help 
feed  our  Allies.  That  places  consum¬ 
ers  on  the  last  end  of  the  food  line. 
In  the  final  analysis,  the  city  consumer 
will  bear  the  brunt  of  food  shortages 
which  are  bound  to  result  as  food  pro¬ 
duction  declines  and  transportation  be¬ 
comes  more  difficult.  It  is  high  time 
that  city  consumers  do  some  worry¬ 
ing  about  this  situation  and  take  ac¬ 
tion  to  encourage  more  adequate  food 
production. 

Weekly  earnings  of  New  York  fac¬ 
tory  workers  are  now  at  an  all-time 
high — 227  per  cent  higher  than  in  1910- 
14.  Cost  of  living  is  66  per  cent  high¬ 
er  than  in  1910-14  and  considerably 
below  the  levels  of  the  twenties  —  a 
period  of  high  city  prosperity.  There 
has  never  been  a  time  in  the  history 
of  this  country  when  such  a  small  per¬ 
centage  of  the  pay  envelope  of  the 
New  York  factory  worker  has  been  re¬ 
quired  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  living  as 
is  the  case  today. 

The  city  consumer  should  worry 
more  about  quantity  of  food  than  about 
the  price.  It  should  be  kept  in  mind 
that  the  best  way  to  prevent  inflation 
in  food  prices  is  to  produce  food.  There 
can  be  no  real  satisfaction  to  the  city 
consumer  to  have  a  pocketful  of  money 
and  an  empty  stomach. 

For  the  most  part,  local  Selective 
Service  Boards  have  done  a  good  job 
in  trying  to  keep  necessary  men  on 
farms.  There  have  been  a  few  excep¬ 
tions.  Many  boards  are  now  scraping 
the  bottom  of  the  barrel  in  trying  to 
meet  quotas.  To  meet  quotas  in  many 
cases,  they  are  going  to  have  to  dip 
deep  into  agricultural  workers.  There 
is  no  way  that  they  can  be  replaced  for 
these  farm  workers  have  a  skill  that 


tive  other  than  to  dip  deeper  and  deep¬ 
er  into  food  production  ranks  to  meet 
their  draft  quotas.  Furthermore,  un¬ 
less  this  is  done,  there  is  no  means  of 
checking  the  continued  flow  of  work¬ 
ers  from  farms  to  factories  for  wages 
far  beyond  the  ability  of  the  farmer 
to  pay. 

The  best  thing  we  can  say  about  the 
farm  labor  situation  today  is  that  it  is 
not  as  bad  as  it  is  going  to  be. 

Our  farm  organizations,  including 
the  National  Grange,  National  Council 
of  Farm  Cooperatives,  National  Milk 
Producers  Federation,  and  American 
Farm  Bureau  Federation,  through 
their  joint  manpower  committee,  are 
doing  their  level  best  to  keep  neces¬ 
sary  workers  on  farms.  This  is  not 
enough.  Every  farmer  and  every  city 
consumer  interested  in  adequate  sup¬ 
ply  of  vital  foods  should  tell  their  Con¬ 
gressmen  and  Senators  of  the  absolute 
necessity  of  keeping  necessary,  skilled 
workers  on  farms  where  they  can  make 
their  maximum  contribution  to  the  war 
effort.  ACT  TODAY  —  TOMORROW 
MAY  BE  TOO  LATE. 


DOWN  MEXICO  WAY 


By  H.  E.  Babcock,  Jr. 


This  past  week  has  been  the  turning 
point  from  our  summer  to  our  fall 
work.  It  has  seen  the  completion  of 
our  haying  with  fifth  cutting,  and  the 
starting  of  our  cotton  picking  and 
maize  harvest. 

Our  cotton  picking  has  started  off 
quite  satisfactorily  with  the  first  seven¬ 
teen  bales  indicating,  because  of  the 
small  area  from  which  they  came,  that 
we  will  have  an  excellent  yield.  So  far 
I  am  not  prophesying  what  it  will  be, 
but  I  am  hoping  for  a  record  for  the 
farm  of  two  bales  to  the  acre. 

Cotton  pickers  have  been  and  con¬ 
tinue  to  be  scarce.  The  government 
help  which  we  have  been  promised  and 
have  been  counting  on  has  evidently 
been  lost  in  red  tape.  Ever  since  July 
we  have  been  answering  questionnaires 
as  to  how  many  pickers  we  will  need, 
and  with  the  cotton  picking  now  well 
underway,  we  are  still  being  asked  to 
answer  the  same  questionnaires.  The 
press  continues  to  report  to  the  nation 
at  large  that  cotton  pickers  are  being 
provided,  but  we  have  as  yet  to  see  any. 

What  is  actually  happening  is  that 
farmers  are  using  precious  truck  and 
car  tires  scouring  the  country  for  pick¬ 
ers.  This  has  met  with  little  success. 
Farmers  from  Texas  come  over  here 
looking  for  pickers  while  the  same  day 
farmers  from  here  are  in  Texas  on  the 
same  mission.  Net  result  is  that  a  lot 
of  rubber  is  being  worn  out,  no  pickers 
are  being  found,  and  picking  is  getting 
further  and  further  behind. 


finish  digging  our  trench  silo  started 
last  year  and  fill  it  with  the  115  day 
corn.  Although  we  didn’t  fill  completely 
the  100’  x  8’  x  8’  trench,  I  estimate  from 
such  charts  as  are  available  that  we 
have  in  the  neighborhood  of  150  tons 
of  silage  put  up.  Because  the  hybrid 
planted  was  developed  primarily  as  a 
grain  corn  and  not  a  silage  corn,  there 
is  a  high  percentage  of  grain  to  stalk. 
The  grain  was  really  a  little  too  hard 
for  good  ensilage,  but  from  others’  ex¬ 
periences  around  here,  I  believe  that  it 
will  keep  well  and  make  better  feed 
for  us  than  would  corn  ensiled  in  the 
milk. 

Just  exactly  what  use  we  will  make 
of  the  silage  has  not  yet  been  deter¬ 
mined.  I  have  in  mind  using  it  both 
for  feeder  hogs  and  the  old  ewes  which 
are  now  on  pasture.  I  will  not  start 
feeding  it  until  about  the  first  of  Feb¬ 
ruary  when  I  .will  shear  the  ewes  and 
force  them  along  to  market  shape,  I 
hope,  in  about  six  weeks.  As  long  as 
we  are  then  feeding  it  to  the  ewes,  it 
will  be  easy  to  feed  it  to  the  feeder 
hogs  as  a  filler  until  they  get  ready 
to  take  on  heavier  feed  and  be  finished 
out. 


OLD  EWES 

As  planned  and  contracted  for  earlier 
in  the  year,  we  are  now  receiving  the 
500  old  ewes  which  will  be  pastured  on 
stubble  and  alfalfa  during  the  winter. 
I  plan  to  shear  them  the  first  of  Feb¬ 
ruary,  at  which  time  they  will  be  carry¬ 
ing  nearly  eleven  months  wool  crop. 
Depending  upon  pasture  conditions  and 
the  condition  of  the  ewes  at  the  time, 
they  will  probably  be  kept  in  the  feed 
lot  and  fed  silage,  as  I  mentioned 
above.  At  from  six  to  eight  weeks  after 


CORN  SILAGE 


This  year,  because  our  115  day  hy¬ 
brid  did  not  appear  to  be  yielding  well 
enough  to  save  it  for  ears,  I  decided  to 


A.]  icrican  Agriculturist,  October  24,  1942 


23  (  589) 


;  SERVICE  BUREAU 


f&y  cA.  Jl>  G&Uine 


COMMISSIONS 

I  • 

;  [  “An  agent  representing  a  roofing  con- 
pern  called  at  my  place,  and  I  signed 
agreement  to  have  a  roof  put  on  the 
fyouse.  He  said  he  would  pay  me  a  com¬ 
mission  on  every  house  he  roofed  within 
10  miles.  However,  after  I  signed  the 
agreement,  I  found  no  such  statement  in 
it.  I  would  not  have  signed  the  agree¬ 
ment'  if  I  had  not  thought  the  commis¬ 
sions  on  other  jobs  would  reduce  my  cost. 
Can  I  break  the  contract?” 

Apparently  this  agreement  to  pay 
commission  on  other  jobs  was  made  by 
the  agent  on  his  own  responsibility.  If 
this  is  true,  the  company  will  not 
stand  back  of  the  agreement  as  it  is 
entirely  between  you  and  the  agent. 
Unfortunately,  a  considerable  number 
of  people  have  signed  agreements  under 
the  conditions  you  outlined  only  to  find 
that  the  expected  commissions  did  not 
reach  the  amount  they  had  anticipated. 
So  far  as  the  agreement  is  concerned, 
you  signed  a  contract  to  have  a  job 
done  at  a  certain  specified  price. 
Doubtless,  as  soon  as  the  job  is  com¬ 
pleted,  this  contract  will  be  sold  to  a 
finance  company  and  they  will  take 
care  of  the  collection. 

Before  any  contract  is  made  for 
roofing,  in  fact,  for  any  kind  of  con¬ 
struction,  it  is  wise  to  get  bids  from 
two  or  three  local  contractors.  Based 
on  letters  received  from  subscribers, 
we  conclude  that  in  most  instances  the 
work  can  be  done  by  local  contractors 
for  the  same  price  or  less,  and  the 
chances  that  you  will  be  entirely  satis- 
field  are  somewhat  better. 

—  a.  a. — 

NEW  JERSEY  TRACTORS 

“I  noted  your  item  on  this  page  in  re¬ 
gard  to  licenses  for  farm  tractors  and 
trailers  in  New  York  State.  Could  you 
tell  me  what  the  regulations  are  in  New 
Jersey?” 

George  W.  Zeigler,  Chief  Inspector 
of  the  New  Jersey  Bureau  of  Motor 
Vehicles,  gives  us  the  following  infor¬ 
mation  : 

“The  New  Jersey  law  does  not  per¬ 
mit  the  operation  of  farm  tractors  and 
trailers  on  the'  highways  unless  the 
vehicles  have  been  registered.  How¬ 
ever,  the  law  permits  the  registration 
of  farm  trucks  at  a  fee  one-half  the 
usual  rate. 

The  law  provides  further  that  motor 


Claims  Recently 

Settled 

by  the  Service  Hureau 

NEW  YORK 

Mr.  H.  Schalck,  Narrowsburg _ _ 

_ $  14.70 

(Payment  for  eggs  sold) 

Mr.  E.  M.  Costello.  Greenport  _ 

_  1.40 

(Refund  on  leg  bands  ordered) 

Mrs.  Augustus  Youngers,  Varysburg. 

.  7.56 

(Settlement  on  chicks) 

Mrs.  Otis  Johnson,  Clyde 

. .  1.98 

(Claim  settled) 

Mrs.  Arnold  Taggart.  De  Peyster,  ... 

5.64 

(Adjustment  on  baby  chicks) 

Mrs.  H.  Moreton,  Lorraine _ 

_  3.00 

(Settlement) 

Mrs.  Arthur  Moreton.  Lorraine _ 

_  3.00 

(Adjustment  on  baby  chicks) 

Mrs.  Walter  Race,  Georgetown.  _ 

11.50 

(Pay  for  rabbits) 

7.00 

(Adjustment) 

Mr.  Albert  C.  Lasher,  Saugerties... 

_  20.49 

(Settlement  on  eggs  shipped) 

3.00 

(Return  of  deposit) 

.  7.65 

(Settlement  on  films) 

Mrs.  A.  W.  Hewitt,  Silver  Springs.. 

_  12.32 

(Adjustment  on  mail  order) 

Mr.  Harold  C.  Miller,  Russell - 

.  300.00 

(Refund) 

MAINE 

Mrs.  Leslie  B.  Johnson,  East  Holden. 

. .  1.39 

(Reftind  on  mail  order) 

4.60 

(Money  refunded) 

VERMONT 

Mr.  Henry  Hazen,  White  River  Junction _  61.22 

(Pay  for  lumber) 

Mrs.  Edward  Potvin,  Richford  _ 

_  10.50 

(Adjustment  on  chicks) 

MASSACHUSETTS 

Mrs.  George  Dane.  Ashfield..  .. 

_  2.50 

(Refund  on  mail  order) 

PENNSYLVANIA 

Mr.  Kenneth  Owens.  Knoxville 

_  5.00 

(Pay  for  milk) 

vehicles,  not  for  hire,  used  exclusively 
as  farm  machinery  or  farm  imple¬ 
ments,  may  travel  upon  the  public  high¬ 
ways  from  one  farm,  or  portion  there¬ 
of,  to  another  farm,  or  portion  thereof, 
both  owned  or  managed  by  the  regis¬ 
tered  owner  of  the  vehicle  or  vehicles, 
provided  that  no  such  vehicle  shall 
traverse  more  than  five  miles  of  high¬ 
way  from  one  farm  to  another,  and 
that  no  such  vehicle  shall  be  used  to 
deliver  or  transport  any  farm  prod¬ 
ucts,  goods,  wares  or  merchandise,  ex¬ 
cepting  from  one  farm  to  another,  both 
owned  by  the  registered  owner,  and 
provided  further  that  no  such  vehicle 
shall  be  operated  on  the  highway  be¬ 
tween  sunset  and  sunrise.  These  ve¬ 
hicles  can  be  registered  for  a  fee  of 
$1.00.” 

—  A.  A. — 

RONDED 

In  the  October  10  issue  of  American 
Agriculturist,  I  referred  to  the  numer¬ 
ous  complaints  that  checks  given  by 
L.  Frucht  &  Son  in  payment  of  eggs 
had  been  returned  protested.  I  am 
now  informed  that  this  firm  has  closed 
its  doors  and  that  the  present  address 
of  Mr.  Samuel  Frucht  is  not  known. 
A  New  York  City  creditor  has  obtained 
a  judgment  and  seized  the.  office  fix¬ 
tures.  As  far  as  I  know,  other  assets 
are  not  available  for  creditors. 

Fortunately  for  New  York  State 
shippers,  this  concern  was  licensed  and 
bonded,  and  they  will  receive  payment, 
at  least,  as  far  as  the  bond  will  cover 
them.  Unfortunately,  this  bond  does 
not  cover  shippers  from  other  states, 
and  unless  other  assets  can  be  discov¬ 
ered,  or  Frucht  can  be  located  and  per¬ 
suaded  to  pay,  these  shippers  will  lose. 

— a.  a. — 

LINOLEUM 

“I  am  sending  you  the  license  number 
of  a  Michigan  car,  the  driver  of  which 
tried  to  sell  us  some  linoleum.  I  got 
stung  once  on  this  deal,  so  I  did  not  bite 
again.”  • 

This  letter  came  from  a  Western 
New  York  subscriber.  There  is  a 
chance,  but  a  mighty  slim  one,  that 
the  driver  of  the  car  was  operating  on 
the  square.  The  license  number  has 
been  given  to  the  Batavia  barrack  of 
the  State  Police  who  will  be  watching 
for  this  car. 

In  case  you  have  forgotten,  the  usual 
experience  of  those  who  buy  linoleum 
in  this  way  is  to  find,  after  the  car  is 
gone,  that  the  linoleum  is  short  in 
quality  or  amount. 

—a.  a. — 

SELLING” 

“I  answered  an  advertisement  of  a 
dress  firm  in  New  York  City  that  said 
they  wanted  people  to  do  sewing  on 
dresses  at  $18.00  a  dozen  and  that  they 
would  furnish  the  material,  trimming  and 
instructions.  I  answered  the  ad.  The 
letter  which  came  in  reply  indicated  that 
the  work  would  be  steady  but  included 
this  phrase:  ‘As  evidence  of  your  good 
faith  and  sincerity,  we  ask  that  you  fill 
out  order  blank  and  enclose  $2.00  cash 
or  money  order  which  we  require  to  cov¬ 
er  cost  of  materials,  trimmings,  instruc¬ 
tions,  etc.’  ” 

We  have  no  reason  to  believe  that 
this  is  any  different  than  hundreds  of 
other  home  work  schemes  that  have 
come  to  our  attention.  Usually,  the 
company  loses  interest  after  they  get 
the  deposit,  and  the  would-be  worker 
finds  the  value  of  the  materials  con¬ 
siderably  under  $2.00.  Our  conclusion 
is  that  this  home  work  idea  is  a  means 
of  selling  goods  at  a  profit  rather  than 
an  honest  attempt  to  provide  home 
work. 


HUSBAND  KILLED 
WIDOW  PAID  $2,000 


Attorney  Louis  K.  Thaler,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  is  shown  handing 
two  $1000.000  North  American  checks  to  Mrs.  Howard  Stone 
of  Brooktondale,  N.  Y.  Mrs.  Stone’s  husband  was  killed  in  an 
auto  accident,  enroute  to  the  early  morning  shift  at  the  Samp¬ 
son  Naval  station.  The  car  in  which  Mr.  Stone  was  riding 
crashed  with  another  car,  swerved  across  the  road  and  struck 
a  concrete  wall.  Mr.  Thaler,  who  handled  the  legal  matters 
for  Mrs.  Stone,  wrote  the  North  American  the  following  letter: 


STAG  G.  THALER  X  STAG  G 

ATTORNEYS  ANO  COUNSELORS 
220  NORTH  TIOGA  STREET 
ITHACA, NEW  YORK 


August  27,  1943 


North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co« 
Savings  Bank  Building 
Ithaca,  New  York 


RE:  Howard  Stone 


Gentlemen : 


I  have  had  considerable  experience  with  the  filing  of'  claims 
with  life  and  accident  insurance  companies.  At  no  time  in 
all  my  years  of  practice  were  claims  paid  as  promptly  as 
they  were  on  the  two  policies  on  the  life  of  Howard  Stone. 

On  August  4,  1942,  I  mailed  the  proofs  of  lose  to  your 
Chicago  office,  on  August  7  my  letter  with  the  proofs  of 
loss  was  acknowledged  by  your  Chicago  office  and  the  checks 
were  delivered  to  me  on  August  8. 

Mrs.  Stone  was  well  pleased  with  the  manner  in  which  her 
claims  on  the  policies  were  treated  by  you.  I  delivered 
both  checks  of  $1,000.00  each  to  her  at  my  office.  We  are 
both  grateful  to  you  for  your  cooperation. 

Very  truly  yours. 


LKT.-RST 


Mr.  Stone  carried  two  different  policies 
—  one  our  limited  travel  accident  policy, 
the  other  covering  all  common  accidents. 


Keep.  'Ljonn.  Policy  Petteuted 


North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co. 

Oldest  and  Carfest  Exclusive  ’Keahfi  and  Occident  Company  in  America 

N. A. Associates  Department  Poughkeepsie,  n.y. 


r 


★ 


★ 


But  It  Has  Been  a  Long  Hard  Battle  to 

Make  People  Realize  that  in  Unity  There  is  Strength! 


★ 


It  took  five  years  of  fighting,  slavery  and  bloodshed  before  the  free  peoples  of  the  world  first  saw 
that  they  must  all  get  together  and  fight  as  UNITED  NATIONS,  or  be  enslaved  by  the  Axis  powers. 


★ 


And  it  took  five  times  five  years  before  the  farmers  of  this  milkshed  saw  that  if  they  were  to  escape 
economic  slavery  .  .  that  if  they  were  to  preserve  their  homes,  enjoy  stable  markets  and  get  a  living 
price  for  milk  .  .  .  they  MUST  get  together  and  fight  as  a  single  group  for  these  privileges. 


Strangely  enough  we  people  in  the  United  States  waited  until  bombs  were  falling  upon  our  own 

cities  of  Pearl  Harbor  and  Manila  before  we  would  admit  that 
"what  threatens  the  rest  of  the  world,  threatens  us.” 


SafyfotfT/i 


CO-OPERATIV 


It's  Still  a  Job  ... 


And  likewise  there  were  farmers  in  this  milkshed  who  refused 
to  admit  that  cooperative  effort  was  the  only  solution  to  the  milk 
problem  even  10,  15  or  2  5  years  after  the  Dairymen’s  League  had 
proved  that  cooperation  was  the  only  thing  that  would  work.  And 
it  wasn’t  until  the  facts  and  figures  of  dealers  and  their  stooges 
were  raining  down  upon  farmers’  heads  at  the  milk  hearings,  that 
some  of  these  farmers  began  to  realize  the  priceless  value  of  the 
Dairymen’s  League.  For  the  League  had  facts  and  figures  and  ex» 
perience  and  organization  to  prove  that  farmers  could  manage  their 
own  business.  And  the  League  had  been  fighting  the  farmers’  battle 
for  years  before  some  farmers  realized  that  "what  threatens  the 
League,  threatens  us,”  or  that  "what  the  League  wins,  we  win,  also.” 


Members  of  the  Dairymen’s  League  do  not  compete  with  any 
other  farmers  or  group  of  farmers — they  cooperate.  They  want 
nothing  for  themselves  that  they  are  not  willing  and  eager  for  other 
farmers  to  share.  Their  greatest  pride  lies  in  the  fact  that  their  early 
efforts  paved  the  way  to  the  improved  conditions  and  improved 
prices  which  all  farmers  in  the  milkshed  share  today. 


\ 


Published  by  THE  THOUSANDS  OF  FARMERS  WHO  OWN,  OPERATE  AND  CONTROL  THE  DAIRYMEN'S  LEAGUE 


J 


NOVEMBER  7,  1942 


AMERICAN 

GRICUITURIST 


FOUNDED  1842 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 


Workers  -Tools  -Prices  -  Supplies 


Give  Farmers  These  and  They’ll  Grow  the  Food 


LOT  of  progress  has 
been  made  toward 
winning  this  war  since 
December  7.  It  has 
been  made  because  a 
definite  plan  was  laid 
out  specifying  what  was  need¬ 
ed  in  the  way  of  men  and  mu¬ 
nitions,  then  forgetting  the  words  “It  can’t  be 
done!”  and  proceeding  to  do  it.  It  is  about 
time  that  the  same  procedure  was  followed 
in  planning  for  an  adequate  food  production 
for  1943  and  for  future  years.  The  three  sim¬ 
ple  but  necessary  steps  to  take  are: 

1.  Decide  how  much  food  we  need. 

2.  Figure  what  manpower  and  what  sup¬ 
plies  it  will  take. 

3.  See  that  farmers  get  the  help  and  the 
materials. 

It  is  true  that  most  goals  for  food  produc¬ 
tion  for  1942  were  met,  though  definite  ad¬ 
vance  plans  for  meeting  those  goals  proceed¬ 
ed  only  as  far  as  to  say,  “Somehow,  some 
way,  the  farmers  will  come  through.”  They 
did  come  through  this  year,  but  what  about 
1943?  If  food  production  is  to  be  maintained, 
here  are  factors  that  must  be  considered: 

Farm  Labor 

What  about  the  farm  labor  supply?  How 
much  farm  labor  will  it  take  to  grow  the  food? 
When  this  question  is  answered,  definite  plans 
must  be  made  and  put  into  effect  to  keep  the 
necessary  number  of  trained  workers  on 
farms,  instead  of  hoping  for  a  miracle. 

In  recent  weeks,  officials  at  Washington 
have  begun  to  realize  the  seriousness  of  the 
farm  labor  situation.  On  October  27,  the  War 
Manpower  Commission  announced  a  program 
intended  to  keep  dairymen,  poultrymen  and 
livestock  growers  at  work  on  farms.  It  rec¬ 
ommends  : 

First,  that  Local  Draft  Boards  grant  de¬ 
ferments  to  necessary  men  on  essential  farms 
of  these  types; 

Second,  that  the  Army  and  Navy  stop  re¬ 
cruiting  such  farm  workers  or  accepting  them 
for  enlistment; 

Third,  that  industry  stop  hiring  skilled 
workers  from  these  types  of  farms; 

Fourth,  that  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture  take  steps  to  stabilize  wages  on  dairy, 
livestock  and  poultry  farms. 

While  the  program  as  outlined  will  not  pro- 


TOO  many  well-intentioned  but  poor¬ 
ly-informed  men  who  hold  important 
positions  in  our  war  effort  are  firmly 
convinced  that  the  Northeast  is  an  un¬ 
important  agricultural  area.  We  remind 
them  that  6,000,000  United  States  farm¬ 
ers  feed  a  population  of  132,000,000,  plus 
untold  numbers  of  our  Allies.  In  other 
words,  each  farm  feeds  around  22  peo¬ 
ple.  That’s  a  real  accomplishment,  yet 
conservative  figures  show  that  each 
northeastern  farm  feeds  twice  that 
many! 

Is  northeastern  agriculture  important  ? 

The  answer  is  “yes”.  Acre  for  acre,  the 
Middle  Atlantic  States  rank  first  in  the 
Nation,  and  the  New  England  States 
second,  in  21  factors  representing  farm 
production,  income,  and  rural  progress. 

The  Northeast  produces: 

1.  liy2%  of  the  nation’s  milk  supply, 
bringing  25%  of  the  national  milk 
income 

2.  10%  of  the  nation’s  egg  supply, 
bringing  21i/2%  of  the  national  egg 
income 

3.  28%  of  the  Irish  potatoes 

4.  16%  of  the  apples 

5.  24%  of  the  late  onions 

6.  20%  of  the  cherries 

7.  78%  of  the  cranberries 

In  the  light  of  these  figures,  every  pos¬ 
sible  aid  should  be  given  northeastern 
farmers  in  their  patriotic  efforts  to  main¬ 
tain  and  increase  food  production. 

vide  all  of  the  labor  that  farmers  need,  it  is 
a  step  in  the  right  direction.  For  months 
American  Agriculturist  has  been  emphasizing 
the  seriousness  of  the  farm  labor  shortage. 
We  are  glad  to  see  government  action  toward 
correcting  the  situation.  It  will  still  be  neces¬ 
sary  to  use  some  inexperienced  farm  help  — 
boys,  girls,  women,  older  men,  and  college 
students — but  if  farm  production  is  to  be 
maintained,  it  is  absolutely  essential  that 


northeastern  farms  should  have  an  adequate 
supply  of  full-time,  skilled  help.  The  best 
help  any  farmer  can  have  is  his  own  son  who 
knows  the  business  and  who  will  stay  on  the 
job  in  spite  of  offers  that  pay  three  times  as 
much.  If  carried  out  to  the  letter,  the  plan  of 
the  War  Manpower  Commission  will  go  a 
long  way  toward  insuring  such  help  on  dairy, 
livestock  and  poultry  farms,  and  should  con¬ 
vince  any  farm  boy  who  has  had  doubts  that 
his  war  job  is  right  on  the  farm. 

Draft 

The  plan  of  the  War  Manpower  Commis¬ 
sion  on  deferring  farm  help  covers  essential 
farm  owners,  operators,  tenants,  hired  work¬ 
ers,  or  unpaid  family  help  who  devote  sub¬ 
stantially  all  of  their  time  to  the  production 
of  milk,  livestock  or  poultry. 

Draft  Boards  are  not  expected  to  defer  all 
such  workers  automatically,  but  to  consider 
whether  their  leaving  would  materially  affect 
production  on  the  farm.  The  size  of  the  busi¬ 
ness  will  be  a  factor.  An  essential  dairy  farm 
is  defined  as  one  which  has  an  annual  pro¬ 
duction  of  at  least  45,000  lbs.  of  milk  or  its 
equivalent  in  livestock  or  poultry.  Farms  that 
have  at  least  eight  cows  with  a  minimum 
yearly  production  of  30,000  lbs.  of  milk  can 
qualify  as  essential  farms  if  the  owners  take 
steps  to  increase  the  production  of  milk,  live¬ 
stock  or  eggs. 

As  outlined,  the  plan  will  give  no  relief  to 
fruit  or  vegetable  growers.  This  is  unjust. 

Certainly  they  should  be  included. 

Machinery 

Production  of  farm  machinery  in  1942  was 
cut  drastically,  and  further  cuts  are  being 
made  for  1943.  If  food  is  an  essential  part  of 
our  war  effort,  let’s  proceed  this  way.  Instead 
of-  asking,  “How  much  steel  can  we  spare  for 
farm  machinery?”,  let’s  ask,  “How  much  new 
machinery  is  required  to  produce  the  food 
we  need?”  and  then  see  that  farm  machinery 
manufacturers  get  the  materials  to  make  the 
tools.  That  procedure  worked  on  guns,  ships, 
tanks  and  ammunition.  Food  is  just  as  im¬ 
portant.  It  would  be  tragic  to  get  the  muni¬ 
tions  and  fail  to  get  the  food  to  keep  soldiers, 
sailors,  and  munition  workers  at  top  effici¬ 
ency.  A  recent  checkup  shows  that  New  York 
State  farmers  alone  need  308,000  new  farm 
machines  to  replace  those  (Turn  to  Page  13) 


Rif  Jl.  Godiim 


THE  NORTHEAST 
GROWS  FOOD 


IN  THIS  ISSUE  YOU’  YOUR  FARM  AND  THE  WAR’  Page  3;  WHAT  ARE  PULLETS  WORTH?,  Page  6;  THE  APPLE 

MARKET,  Page  7;  QUESTION  BOX,  Page  8;  CANNING  MEATS,  Page  18;  FASHION  HINTS,  Page  20;  * 

KERNELS,  SCREENINGS  AND  CHAFF,  Page  22;  SERVICE  BUREAU,  Page  23. 

*  *  V 

X 

fe-M  hr'  ' 


The  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative  is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


CONSERVE  NITROGEN 


When  you  smell  ammonia  in  the  stable,  nitrogen  is  escaping  into  the  air.  Every  dairy¬ 
man  who  has  used  superphosphate  in  the  cow  bam  has  noticed  that  the  stable  smells 
sweeter  and  cleaner.  That  is  because  superphosphate  prevents  the  formation  of  am¬ 
monia  gas  .  .  .  That  means  that  nitrogen  is  being  saved. 


Nitrogen  is  scarce.  There  wasn’t  enough  to  go 
around  this  year,  and  there  will  be  even  less 
next  year.  Don’t  lose  the  nitrogen  in  stable  man¬ 
ure;  most  of  it  can  be  saved  by  using  superphos¬ 
phate  on  the  stable  walks  and  in  the  gutters. 

How  to  Use  Superphosphate 

Every  day  after  you  clean  the  barn,  scatter  a 
little  superphosphate  in  the  gutters  behind  the 
cows.  Cover  the  floor  back  of  the  gutters  with  a 
thin  sprinkling  of  superphosphate  to  be  swept  into 
the  gutters  either  before  or  after  the  bedding  is 
spread.  Use  at  least  a  pound  and  a  half — and 
better  still,  two  or  three  pounds— per  cow  per  day. 
This  gives  you  a  reinforced  manure  with  twice  the 
fertilizing  value  of  regular  manure. 

Spread  this  reinforced  manure  as  thin  as  you 
can — six  loads  per  acre  is  enough — where  it  will 
do  the  most  good: 

First,  on  the  land  that  is  to  be  planted  for  corn. 
Second,  on  winter  grains,  if  they  were  planted 


without  fertilizer — especially  if  they  will  be  seeded 
in  the  spring. 

Third,  on  old  meadows  where  the  legumes  are 
running  out. 

Fourth,  on  new  seedings  that  didn’t  get  a  good 
start. 

Use  superphosphate  in  laying  houses  too. 
Spread  it  on  the  dropping  boards — one  to  two 
pounds  per  100  birds  per  day. 

Supplies  of  Superphosphate 

At  present  there  is  no  shortage  of  superphos¬ 
phate.  There  is  a  shortage  of  transportation, 
which  is  getting  more  serious  all  the  time. 

By  spring  it  will  not  be  easy  to  get  superphos¬ 
phate.  There  won’t  be  enough  freight  cars  to  bring 
it  in  as  fast  as  farmers  will  want  it.  The  same  thing 
goes  for  lime. 

See  your  G.L.F.  man.  immediately  about  get¬ 
ting  your  next  spring’s  supply  of  lime  and  super¬ 
phosphate  on  your  farm  this  fall.  He  can  take  care 
of  you  now. 


I 

I 

1 

I 

I 


HOW  ARE  THE  TIRES 
ON  YOUR  FARM  CAR? 


It’s  three  to 
one  that  they 
are  no  better 
than  fair.  A 
survey  of  4,678  farm  cars  in  all  parts  of 
G.L.F.  territory  showed  that  16%  of  the 
cars  had  good  tires,  56%  fair,  and  28% 
poor.  The  survey  also  showed  something 
else — that  seven  out  of  ten  farmers  haul 
their  own  supplies  to  the  farm,  and  nearly 
two-third  of  those  who  haul  their  own  sup¬ 
plies  use  their  cars  to  do  it. 

So  the  question  “How  are  your  tires” 
means — “How  good  are  your  chances  of 
keeping  farm  supplies  rolling  to  your 
farm.”  The  combined  tire  and  gas  ration¬ 
ing  program  that  goes  into  effect  later  this 
month  is  designed  to  keep  our  cars  and 
trucks  on  the  job  as  long  as  possible — by 
controlling  mileage,  reducing  speed,  even 
checking  tires  to  see  that  they  are  getting 
proper  care. 

Even  so,  some  farm  cars  are  going  to  be 
riding  on  their  rims  unless  somebody 
figures  out  a  way  to  get  tires  for  them 
soon.  / 

★  ★  * 


SOYBEAN  MEAL  Effective  November 

■u  nniDV  rrrnc  2,  the  formulas  for 

IN  DAIRY  rttDo  Milk  Maker,  Ex¬ 
change  Dairy,  Le¬ 
gume  Dairy,  Fitting  Ration,  and  Upland 
20%  Dairy  will  be  changed  to  include  soy¬ 
bean  oil  meal,  replacing  part  of  the  linseed 
meal.  New  crop  soybeans  are  now  being 
processed  and  soybean  oil  meal  will  be 
available  in  increasing  quantities.  Since 
soybean  oil  meal  is  higher  in  protein  than 
linseed  meal,  it  is  also  necessary  to  reduce 
the  corn  gluten  feed  to  adjust  the  protein 
content  of  the  rations.  Wheat  bran  is 
available  in  sufficient  supply  to  include  5% 
in  Milk  Maker,  Exchange  Dairy,  Legume 
Dairy,  and  Fitting  Ration. 

Total  digestible  nutrients  in  these  dairy 
feeds  are  practically  unchanged. 


★  *  ★ 

FOUR  POINTS  ON  In  his  recent  annual 

COOPERATION  StS’ft 

McConnell  summed 
up  the  things  that  farmers  can  do  through 
a  regional  cooperative  in  this  way: 

First,  they  can  take  advantage  of  and 
influence  farm  research.  Second,  they  can 
develop  skilled  manpower  to  work  for 
them  on  common  problems.  Third,  they 
can  pool  financial  resources  and  develop 
large-scale  facilities.  Fourth,  they  can  save 
money  through  the  pooling  of  purchasing 
power. 

Cooperatives  such  as  the  one  you  have 
helped  to  build,”  said  Mr.  McConnell, 
“have,  on  the  basis  of  past  performance, 
experience,  knowledge,  equipment,  and 
sound  American  philosophy,  proved  them¬ 
selves  essential  organizations  in  carrying 
on  the  war.  The  farmer  cooperative  move¬ 
ment  in  this  country  has  been  one  of  the 
most  constructive  forces  in  the  recent 
history  of  our  American  democracy.”  •- 

★  ★  ★ 

LIME  SPREADING  There  are  only  about 

r> iinnT  15  days  left  to  get 

SEASON  SHORT  lime  spread  this  fall. 

It  might  be  a  few 
days  more  or  less,  of  course — but  toward 
the  end  of  November  it  usually  is  no 
longer  practical  to  run  spreading  equip¬ 
ment  on  the  fields. 

And  this  fall  may  very  possibly  be  your 
last  chance  to  get  lime.  Lime  is  plentiful, 
to  be  sure.  But  replacement  parts  for  lime¬ 
crushing  machinery,  manpower  for  the 
quarries,  and  trucks  to  haul  the  lime,  are 
mighty  scarce.  There  will  be  some  lime 
next  spring — but  not  enough,  by  a  long 
shot,  to  take  care  of  everybody. 

The  answer  is  to  get  it  this  fall — get  it 
spread  if  you  can,  but  anyhow  get  the 
lime  on  your  farm,  where  it  will  be  used. 


I 

I 


COOPERATIVE  G.L.F.  EXCHANGE,  INC.  .  .  .  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 


i 


American  Agriculturist,  November  7,  1942 


3  (593) 


YOU**  YOUR 

W  A 


FARM  MACHINERY 

The  War  Production  Board  has  set 
the  1943  goal  of  new  farm  machinery 
at  20%  of  the  amount  produced  in 
1941.  That  is  an  average  figure.  Pro¬ 
duction  of  some  items  will  be  higher; 
others  lower.  The  W.P.B.  has  classi¬ 
fied  farm  machinery  manufacturers  in 
three  groups  —  small,  medium  and 
large.  What  farm  machinery  is  pro¬ 
duced  will  be  made  mostly  by  small 
manufacturers.  The  medium  manufac¬ 
turers  will  make  a  few  items,  and  the 
large  manufacturers  will  make  no  farm 
machinery  except  for  an  occasional 
item  that  cannot  be  made  by  smaller 
concerns. 

One  way  to  continue  food  production 
in  the  face  of  increasing  labor  short¬ 
ages  would  be  to  replace  men  with 
machines.  The  fact  that  this  will  not 
be  possible,  except  in  a  few  cases,  is  a 
serious  blow  to  continued  production 
of  food  to  meet  wartime  needs. 

There  is  little  evidence  right  now 
that  prices  of  farm  products  will  be 
allowed  to  a  point  where  farmers  can 
compete  with  defense  industries  for 
help.  Subsidies  may  be  the  answer, 
although  in  general  farmers  dislike  the 
idea.  A  government  subsidy  is  already 
announced  for  milk  dealers,  and  the 
signs  point  to  further  consideration  of 
this  method  of  meeting  farm  costs 
without  raising  prices  to  consumers. 

*  *  * 

TRUCKS  WEARING  OUT 

A  recent  check  on  over  9,000  farmers 
shows  that  25%  of  them  own  trucks, 
42%  use  the  family  car  for  a  consider¬ 
able  amount  of  trucking,  and  %  of 
them  hire  some  trucking  done. 

A  check  of  tire  conditions  indicates 
that  31%  of  the  tires  on  farm  trucks 
are  poor,  52%  fair,  and  17%  good. 

Reporting  on  truck  condition,  these 
farmers  show  22%  poor,  53%%  fair, 
and  24%%  goody 

These  figures  reinforce  the  thought 
that  every  effort  should  be  made  to 
conserve  truck  mileage  in  an  effort  to 
make  trucks  and  tires  last  until  re¬ 
placements  are  available. 

*  *  * 

EXTRA  TIRES 

In  the  last  issue  we  mentioned  the 
government  freeze  order  on  used  tires. 
The  deadline  for  possession  of  more 
than  five  passenger  car  tires  is  Novem¬ 
ber  22.  ■  The  Office  of  Price  Adminis¬ 
tration  has  set  up  machinery  to  handle 
their  purchase  through  the  Defense 
Supplies  Corporation;  through  the  local 
War,  Price  and  Rationing  Boards,  and 
the  Railway  Express  Agency.  A  sum 
of  $150,000,000  has  been  advanced  to 
finance  the  purchase,  and  160  ware¬ 
houses  throughout  the  country  have 
been  chosen  as  delivery  points. 

If  you  have  more  than  five  tires  for 
your  passenger  car,  you  are  expected 
to  bring  the  extra  ones  to  your  nearest 
Railway  Express  Office,  where  you  will 
receive  a  receipt.  The  tires  will  be 
appraised,  and  you  will  receive  from 
$1.50  to  $11.50  each,  depending  on  their 
condition.  If  it  is  impossible  for  you 
to  deliver  the  tires  to  the  Express 
Agency,  you  can  phone  and  ask  them 
to  pick  them  up,  or  you  can  deliver 
them  to  the  nearest  railroad  station. 

The  freeze  order  does  not  include 
hiner  tubes.  Taxi  cabs  and  commercial 


«vehicles  are  exempt  from  the  five-tire 
[limit. 

?  Here  is  how  the  order  will  be  en¬ 
forced.  Car  owners  must  register  the 
number  of  tires  they  have  and  the 
serial  numbers  of  them  when  applying 
for  gasoline  rationing  cards  or  renew¬ 
als.  Violating  the  order  will  result  in 
loss  of  rationing  card,  plus  a  possibility 
of  a  $10,009  fine  and  a  ten-year  prison 
sentence.  O.P.A.  officials  have  indicat¬ 
ed  that  no  action  will  be  taken  against 
any  motorist  who  may  have  been 
hoarding  one  or  more  new  tires. 

*  *  * 

VEGET ARLES  FOR  1943 

Vegetable  growers  may  get  some 
inkling  of  what  the  government  will 
ask  for  in  1943  by  studying  goals  al¬ 
ready  announced  for  southern  vege¬ 
table  growers.  Increases  in  acreage 
requested  vary  from  15%  to  30%  on 
southern  crops  of  carrots,  lima  beans, 
snap  beans  and  onions.  The  acreage  of 
green  beans,  cabbage,  fresh  tomatoes, 
beets  and  spinach  are  approximately 
the  same  as  1942;  while  it  is  suggested 
that  some  of  the  acreage  ordinarily 
used  for  such  crops  as  cantaloupes,  cu¬ 
cumbers,  cauliflower,  egg  plant,  water¬ 
melons,  bleached  celery,  head  lettuce, 
green  peppers,  asparagus,  and  arti¬ 
chokes  should  be  shifted  to  crops  more 
essential  to  wartime  requirements. 

These,  we  repeat,  are  goals  set  up 
for  vegetable  growers  in  southern 
states,  but  it  is  probable  that  some¬ 
thing  of  the  sort  will  later  be  announc¬ 
ed  as  desirable  goals  for  northern 
vegetable  growers. 

*  *  * 

LEND-LEASE 

The  Agr.'cu  lural  Marketing  Adminis¬ 
tration  has  announced  that  September 
purchases  of  food  products  for  the 
Lend-Lease  Program  totaled  $115,000,- 
000,  compared  with  $83,000,000  for 
August.  The  total  purchase  by  the 
Agricultural  Marketing  Administration 
under  the  Lend-Lease  Program  for  18 
months  is  $1,750,000,000,  nearly  two- 
thirds  of  which  has  been  delivered  for 
shipment  to  our  Allies. 

From  April,  1941,  to  October  7,  1942, 
U.  S.  sent  941,715,000  lbs.  of  pork  and 
over  600,000,000  lbs.  lard  to  our  Allies. 
Nearly  1,000,000,000  bushels  of  vege¬ 
tables  and  fruits  have  been  delivered. 

f  *  *  * 

LEADING  FARM 
COUNTIES 

The  Federal  Census  Bureau  has  just 
published  a  list  of  the  hundred  lead¬ 
ing  agricultural  counties  in  the  United 
States.  Those  who  believe  that  the 
Northeast  has  no  agriculture  worth 
mentioning  would  do  well  to  study  the 
list.  The  number  one  county  is  in 
California  but  twenty  counties  of  the 
hundred  are  located  in  the  Northeast. 
Here  is  the  list  ( the  number  after  each 
shows  their  rank)  : 

Lancaster,  Pa.,  (5) ;  Aroostook,  Maine, 
(7) ;  Suffolk,  N.  Y.,  (.14) ;  Hartford,  Conn., 
(20);  Chester,  Pa.,  (24);  York,  Pa.,  (30); 
Middlesex,  Mass.,  (32);  Sussex,  Del.,  (35); 
Worcester,  Mass.,  (37);  Orange,  N.  Y., 
(51);  Bucks,  Pa.,  (53);  Plymouth,  Mass., 
(56);  Berks,  Pa.,  (58);  St.  Lawrence,  N. 
Y.,  (63) ;  Delaware,  N.  Y.,  (67) ;  Erie,  N. 
Y.,  (69);  Bristol,  Mass.,  (71):  Wayne,  N. 
Y.,  (76) ;  Oneida,  N.  Y.,  (80) ;  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  (93). 


THAT  RICH,  CLEAR, 
BITELESS  TASTE 

^0^  -All the 


"TRUE  JOY 

FOR  PIPE-SMOKERS 


PRINCE  ALBERT  GIVES  ME  THAT 
MILD,  MELLOW,  HIT-THE-SPOT 
TASTE  WITHOUT  TONGUE-BITE. 
P.A.  IS  CRIMP  CUT  FOR  BETTER 
PACKING,  COOLER  BURNING, 
EASIER  PULLING.  QUALITY'S 
HIGH,  COST  IS  LOW_IN  ' 

PIPES  OR  PAPERS!  /  50 


pipefuls  of  fragrant 
tobacco  in  every 
handy  pocket  pack¬ 
age  of  Prince 
Albert 


R.  J.  Reynolds  Tobacco  Company,  Winston-Salem.  N.  C 


PRIN 

ALBERT 

THE  NATIONAL  JOY 
SMOKE 


Buy  War  Savings  Bonds  and  Stamps 

■vv&rrm 


WB3OT' 


(594)  4 


American  Agriculturist,  November  7,  1942 


PAGE 


Address  all  mail  far  Editorial  or  Advertis¬ 
ing  departments  to  American  Agriculturist, 
Savings  Bank  Building.  Ithaca.  New  York. 


ALL  SUBSIDIES  ARE  WRONG 
IN  PRINCIPLE 

/ 

FARMER  friend  of  mine  says  that  the  way 
to  keep  farm  labor  is  for  the  government 
to  subsidize  farm  labor  so  that  there  will  be  no 
temptation  to  leave  the  farm  for  a  city  job.  For 
example,  he  said,  supposing  a  farmer  was  pay¬ 
ing  an  unmarried  hired  man  $50  a  month,  with 
his  board,  room,  and  washing,  the  government 
could  add  $20  or  $30  to  this  in  order  to  keep  the 
man  on  the  farm. 

I  told  my  friend  that  in  addition  to  being 
wrong  in  principle,  subsidizing  farm  labor  now 
would  get  farm  wages  so  high  that  when  the  sub¬ 
sidy  was  removed  after  the  war,  the  farmer 
would  be  in  a  worse  situation  than  ever  for  he 
would  then  have  to  keep  up  the  high  wages 
himself. 

The  only  commonsense  and  fair  way  to  raise 
farm  wages  is  to  permit  the  farmer  to  sell  his 
products  at  prices  which  will  enable  him  to  hire 
labor  and  buy  supplies,  so  that  he  can  compete 
with  other  business.  That  same  principle  applies 
to  subsidizing  milk.  The  government  of  the 
United  States  is  now  paying  milk  dealers  of  New 
York  City  a  price  which  will  enable  the  dealer 
to  keep  retail  prices  of  milk  from  going  higher. 
That’s  dead  wrong. 

As  we  said  in  the  last  issue,  the  cost  of  living 
of  the  factory  workers  is  the  smallest  percentage 
of  the  pay  envelop  that  it  has  been  in  the  his¬ 
tory' of  this  country.  The  consumer  is  fully  able 

to  pay  what  milk  is  worth.  Why  should  the  tax¬ 
payer  help  to  pay  the  city  consumer’s  milk  bill? 

Another  bad  angle  of  this  subsidy  business  is 
that  the  farmer  gets  criticized  for  it.  The  subsi¬ 
dizing  of  milk  prices  is  not  a  farm  subsidy,  it  is 
not  even  a  milk  dealers’  subsidy,  it  is  a  subsidy  • 
to  the  workers  in  the  city,  put  on  by  the  politi¬ 
cians  who  keep  themselves  in  power  by  using 
the  taxpayers’  money  to  buy'  consumers’  votes. 

AT  LAST  A  FARM  LABOR 
PROGRAM 

T  LONG  last  the  government  has  acted  to 
keep  farm  labor  on  the  farms.  The  War 
Manpower  Commission,  headed  by  Paul  V.  Mc¬ 
Nutt,  has  announced  a  program  to  hold  dairy, 
livestock,  and  poultry  farmers  in  their  work  by 
draft  deferment,  wage  stabilization  and  an  effort 
to  ban  their  employment  in  other  work.  For  full 
information  on  this  program,  see  Page  1. 

Ever  since  the  war  started,  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  has  been  doing  everything  it  could  to  get 
action  on  this  farm  labor  problem.  Both  through 
its  columns  and  in  statements  to  government  of¬ 
ficials,  we  have  repeatedly  stressed  that  there  is 
a  Farm  Front  in  this  war,  and  that  unless  food 
production  can  be  maintained  we  will  lose  the 
war.  At  Cornell  Farm  and  Home  Week  last  Feb¬ 
ruary,  I  started  my  address  by  saying  that  I  was 
actually  frightened  over  the  loss  of  farm  opera¬ 
tors  and  workers  and  over  the  indifference  of 
government  officials  to  this  grave  danger.  In 
that  address,  and  in  every  issue  of  American 
Agriculturist  before  and  since,  we  of  American 
Agriculturist  have  fought  for  the  Farm  Front. 
We  have  stated  time  and  again  that  the  price 

of  food  isn’t  the  issue;  the  real  problem  is  to 

have  enough  food  at  any  price. 

We  have  written  to  Secretary  Wickard  and 
to  other  officials  stating  that  no  matter  how 
hard-working  or  patriotic  farmers  are,  they  can¬ 
not  do  the  impossible,  that  without  machinery 
and  supplies,  and  particularly  without  help, 


they  cannot  produce  the  food  necessary  to  win 
this  war. 

We  have  spent  almost  no  end  of  time  working 
with  Draft  Boards  to  get  farm  men  deferred. 
We  have  tried  to  show  farmers,  their  sons,  and 
their  hired  men  that  as  food  producers  they  were 
serving  their  country  just  as  well  as  they  could 
in  the  armed  forces,  and  better  than  they  could 
in  city  shops.  To  this  end  we  established  the 
American  Farm  Front  Volunteers,  and  have 
cited  with  certificates  hundreds  of  young  men 
for  their  good  work  and  judgment  in  remaining 
on  the  farms  in  order  to  produce  food  to  win 
the  war. 

We  recite  these  efforts  of  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  to  show  that  we  are  on  the  job.  We  know 
farm  problems,  and  we  recognize  some  of  the 
dangers  long  before  they  arrive,  and  start  work 
on  them. 

As  a  result  of  our  work,  and  of  that  of  farm 
leaders  in  colleges  of  agriculture  and  in  farm  or¬ 
ganizations,  the  government  has  at  last  been 
aroused  to  the  grave  dangers  of  a  possible  food 
shortage,  so  that  steps  have  now  been  taken  to 
keep  at  least  the  help  that  we  still  have  on  the 
farms. 

FARMERS’  BEST  BET 

URING  the  next  few  weeks  the  Farm  Bur¬ 
eau,  the  Grange,  and  many  of  the  farmers’ 
cooperatives  will  be  holding  their  annual  meet¬ 
ings  and  laying  out  plans  for  next  year.  When 
the  policies  for  next  year  are  made  up,  when 
plans  for  renewing  memberships  and  getting  new 
ones  are  made,  I  hope  that  farmers  and  their  or¬ 
ganizations  will  stop  going  on  the  defensive 
about  the  worth  and  value  of  these  organiza¬ 
tions,  and  take  instead  the  offensive.  Let’s  be 
more  positive  and  emphatic  about  the  need  and 
worth  of  cooperation.  I  am  sick  of  hearing  that 
farmers  cannot  stick  together,  or  that  the  old 
farm  organizations  are  no  good.  Some  of  them 
perhaps  have  not  accomplished  all  that  could 
be  hoped  of  them,  but  in  the  main,  organiza¬ 
tions  like  the  Grange,  the  Farm  Bureau,  and  the 
cooperatives  have  produced  great  results. 

With  all  of  the  misunderstanding  about  agri¬ 
culture  that  exists,  and  with  all  the  forces  that 
are  arrayed  against  farmers,  farm  people  would 
be  well  on  the  road  to  peasantry  and  to  being  a 
submerged  class  were  it  not  for  their  own  or¬ 
ganizations. 

Let’s  recognize  this,  and  make  them  stronger. 
Let’s  make  the  membership  campaigns  this  fall 
and  winter  the  best  ever.  Let’s  get  every  farmer 
into  some  organization — no  one  hopes  or  ex¬ 
pects  that  all  will  be  in  one  organization.  But 
organizations  should  work  together  on  common 
problems.  Let  every  member  of  the  Grange, 
every  member  of  the  Farm  Bureau,  every  mem¬ 
ber  of  the  cooperatives  get  a  new  member.  With 
all  the  problems  that  lie  ahead,  we  need  strong, 
well-supported  organizations.  They  are  about 
the  farmer’s  only  hope  of  maintaining  his  place 
in  the  sun. 

SAVING  CHORE-TIME  STEPS 

OFTEN  recall  figuring  the  number  of  miles 
that  we  used  to  travel  in  a  year  on  the  home 
farm  just  to  get  the  chores  done.  The  total  num¬ 
ber  of  miles  was  astonishing.  How  peeved  I  us¬ 
ed  to  get  because  most  of  the  year  we  had  to 
carry  hay  by  the  forkful  from  the  cow  barn  to 
the  horse  barn  to  feed  the  horses.  An  enlarge¬ 
ment  of  the  hay  storing  facilities  in  that  horse 
barn  would  have  paid  for  itself  in  five  years. 


Even  without  that,  we  should  have  moved  the 
hay  by  the  load  instead  of  by  the  forkful. 

With  some  planning  and  a  few  simple  im¬ 
provements  we  could  have  cut  our  chore-time 
travel  down  at  least  one-third. 

There  never  was  a  time  in  the  history  of  agri¬ 
culture  when  manpower  was  so  scarce  as  it  is 
now.  So  there  never  was  a  time  when  it  is  so 
important  to  eliminate  unnecessary  steps.  What 
an  interesting  problem  it  would  be  for  you  some 
of  these  long  evenings  to  make  a  drawing  and 
study  of  your  farm  layout  to  find  shortcuts  and 
little  improvements  that  would  save  you  a  lot 
of  chore-time  work. 

A  WAR-TIME  RESOLUTION 

AM  ONLY  one,  but  I  am  one.  I  cannot  do 

A  much,  but  I  can  do  something.  What  I  can 
do  I  ought  to  do,  and  what  I  ought  to  do  — ■ 
with  God’s  help  I  WILL  do.” 

— Edward  Everett  Hale. 

NO  TIME  TO  READ  ? 

OUR  editors  spend  days  before  every  issue 
goes  to  press  studying  the  new  farm  regula¬ 
tions  and  problems  brought  about  by  the  war. 
Then  we  spend  more  hours  studying  how  to  ex¬ 
plain  these  regulations  in  the  simplest  possible 
terms.  When  I  hear  someone  say  that  he  doesn’t 
have  time  to  read,  my  answer  is  that  if  he  is  a 
farmer  he  just  cannot  afford  not  to  read  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist  in  these  confusing  times. 

FRESH  RASPBERRIES  IN  OCTOBER 

“After  reading  your  article  in  the  American  Agri- 
culturist  entitled  ‘Braggin’  Again’,  I  could  not  help 
but  tell  my  experience  with  everbearing  raspberries. 

“In  the  spring  of  1941  I  set  out  500  plants,  but 
they  arrived  late  from  the  nursery  and  did  not  get 
a  good  start.  However,  this  summer  I  picked  about 
1000  pints,  starting  the  last  of  June.  My  second 
crop  started  about  the  22nd  of  August,  and  since 
then  I  have  picked  1200  pints  more.  At  this  date  I 
am  still  picking  25  to  30  pints  a  day,  and  there  are 
lots  of  green  ones  and  even  blossoms  on  them  yet, 
although  we  have  had  two  white  frosts.  I  have  sold 
$300  from  that  little  patch,  besides  canning  and 
eating  all  we  want. 

“I  raise  all  kinds  of  berries,  strawberries,  goose¬ 
berries,  currants,  Boysenberries,  and  cultivated  blue 
berries,  and  any  article  in  your  paper  on  them  would 
interest  me  very  much.” — Horace  K.  Hallock,  Aque- 
bogue,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 

THIS  very  interesting  letter  was  the  result 
of  an  editorial  I  wrote  last  time,  telling 
about  having  strawberry  shortcake  from  berries 
picked  in  our  own  garden  in  October.  I  have  al¬ 
ways  maintained  that  every  farm  should  have  a 
berry  patch.  With  the  everbearing  varieties,  it 
is  now  possible  to  have  fresh  fruit  from  June 
till  October. 

EASTMAN’S  CHESTNUT 

ARCtE,”  the  policeman  at  the  desk  bit  into 
his  pencil  savagely,  “faith,  an’  how  d’ye 
spell  ‘Schenectady?’  ” 

“Schenectady,  eh?  S-S-k.,  S-k-i-n-n-e-c-k. 
What  d’ye  want  to  be  spellin’  it  for?” 

“I  found  the  corpse  of  a  horse  at  the  corner 
of  Schenectady  Av’noo  an’  First.” 

“S-q-u-.  Aw,  spell  it  yerself.”  ' 

The  policeman  rose  suddenly  and  made  for 
the  door. 

“Where  are  ye  goin’?” 

“I’m  goin’  to  drag  that  domned  corpse  over  to 
Troy  Av’noo.” 


AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  Constructive  and  Progressive  Since  1842.  Volume  139  No.  23.  Published  every  other  Saturday  at  10  North  Cherry  St.f  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. — Editorial  and 
Advertising  offices  at  Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Advertising  Representatives.  The  Kat2  A gency . — Entered  as  Second  Class  Matter,  December  2.  1927,  at  the  Post  Office  at  Poughkeepsie.  N.  Y.,  under  act 
of  March  6,  1879  —  Frank  E.  Gannett,  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors;  E  R.  Eastman,  president  and  editor;  Hugh  L.  Cosline,  associate  editor;  Fred  W.  Ohm,  production  manager;  Mrs.  Grace  Watkins  Huckett,  household 
editor;  A1  Coleman,  art  editor;  Contributing  editors:  L.  B.  Skeffington  Jared  Van  Wagenen.  Jr..  Ed.  Mitchell.  Paul  Work.  L.  E.  Weaver,  J.  C.  Huttar;  I.  W.  Ingalls,  advertising  manager;  E.  C.  Weatherby,  secretary 
circulation  manager;  V.  E.  Grover,  subscription  manager  Subscription  price  payable  in  advance.  $.50  a  year  in  the  U.  S.  A. 


American  Agriculturist,  November  7,  1942 


5  (595) 


fWltcd  tf-abmeM  Scut  About 

The  Help  Situation 


AFTER  READING  Senator  Tru¬ 
man’s  article  in  the  November  is¬ 
sue  of  the  American  Magazine,  the 
thought  comes  to  me  that  these  learn¬ 
ed  men  who  try  to  tell  us  farmers  what 
to  do  and  how  to  do  it,  would  certain¬ 
ly  starve  to  death  soon  if  we  were  to 
run  our  farms  under  the  leadership  of 
men  who  snarl  things  up  to  the  extent 
that  Senator  Truman  shows  they  have 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

Instead  of  a  living  and  ten  per  cent 
profit  on  our  investment,  we  are  com¬ 
pelled  to  take  what  we  can  get;  also 
forced  to  help  make  good  the  financial 
mistakes  and  blunders  of  overlapping 
boards  and  agencies  that  continue  to 
delay  and  ball  up  efforts  of  a  country 
at  war,  with  the  cream  of  its  man¬ 
power  at  stake. 

Now  the  time  has  come  to  draft  our 
farm  boys  from  eighteen  to  twenty, 
which  with  the  farm  help  shortage  as 
it  exists  today  will  cut  food  production 
to  a  dangerous  extent  and  cause  the 
loss  of  many  farm  homes.  The  farm¬ 
er  who  can’t  do  his  work  or  get  any 
help  after  his  boy  leaves  will  have  to 
quit. 

Some  fertile  farms  can  and  do  sur¬ 
vive  operations  at  a  loss,  but  there  are 
comparatively  few  of  the  fine  fertile 
ones.  The  many  others  that  have 
been  compelled  to  seek  additional  in¬ 
come  to  meet  the  ever-increasing  cost 
of  living  and  taxes  will  soon  cease  to 
be  if  there  is  no  help  to  keep  them  in 
operation. 

I  am  not  able  to  do  farm  work  but 
I  have  a  177  acre  farm  and  a  boy  who 
enlisted  three  years  ago.  I  have  one 
at  home  who  will  be  18  at  Christmas 
time,  who  will  without  doubt  be  taken 
soon.  Our  dairy  will  be  sold  and  an¬ 
other  farm  go  out  of  production. 

It  is  not  selfish  interest  but  a  ques¬ 
tion,  “Can  that  boy  do  the  nation  more 
good  helping  to  keep  up  food  produc¬ 
tion  and  hold  agriculture  where  it  is, 
or  by  being  in  the  Army  or  Navy?”  - 
Senator  Truman  says  the  war  can 
be  lost  in  Washington.  I  say  the  war 
can  be  lost  on  our  farms  if  the  boys 
are  all  taken  to  war  or  defense  jobs 
that  pay  so  much  money  that  even  a 
sure  enough  farm  boy  who  likes  farm¬ 
ing  won’t  stay  at  it  when  his  neighbor 
is  getting  from  $60  to  $110  per  week. 
At  that,  one  can’t  blame  him. 

Farming  is  the  backbone  of  this 
country.  If  a  lot  of  these  farm  boys 
who  go  to  war  come  back  and  there  is 
no  farm  home  to  come  to,  just  where 
are  they  going  to  fit  in  from  then  on? 

When  the  present  food  surpluses  are 
used  up,  what’s  the  next  move?  Are 
we  to  survive  on  manufactured  vita¬ 
mins? 

It  would  be  my  suggestion  to  look  to 
the  soil  and  the  boys  that  till  it  for  a 
sure  way  out.  It  has  been  said,  “An 
army  travels  on  its  stomach.” 

— A  Subscriber. 
*  *  * 

from  daylight 
to  DARK 

“Last  May  my  husband  was  drafted. 
At  that  time,  we  had  11  head  of  stock 
(having  raised  them  all  ourselves), 
and  nearly  400  half-grown  chickens. 
Of  course,  I  realize  that  doesn’t  sound 
like  very  much  to  some  folks,  but  if 
you  think  it  wasn’t  enough  to  keep  one 
hian  busy  from  daylight  to  dark,  you 
should  try  farming,  some  time.  Never¬ 
theless,  he  was  called  and  could  not  get 
deferred  and  I  was  left  with  it  all  on 
my  hands.  I  had  to  sell  the  chickens. 
I  have  pastured  the  cows  and  young 
stock  out  for  their  keep,  but  it  is  soon 
coming  time  when  they  will  have  to  be 


tied  up  in  the  bam. 

“I  wish  someone  would  tell  me  what 
I  am  going  to  do.  I  suppose  I  can  sell 
the  stock;  but  after  you’ve  raised  them 
all  yourself,  they  grow  to  mean  quite 
a  lot  to  you;  and  after  this  is  over, 
we  are  most  certainly  going  to  need 
them.” — Mrs.  B.  M.,  Maine. 

TRAINED  FOR  FARMING 

“My  husband,  who  is  33  years  old, 
is  a  college- trained  farmer,  specializ¬ 
ing  in  market  gardens,  dairy,  and  orch¬ 
ard  work,  mostly  on  a  wholesale  basis. 
In  fact,  he  and  his  father  (maintaining 
separate  farms)  are  the  only  real 


GOING  TO  GRANDMA’S 

MRS.  EMILY  A.  PIERCE, 
Westport,  N.  Y. 

( Number  Eight) 

AM  ONE  of  those  who  is  fortunate 
enough  to  have  seen  a  countryside 
change  from  the  horse  and  buggy  to  a 
motorized  life.  What  a  thrill  our  first 
car  gave  us!  But  we  also  had  thrills 
in  the  old  days,  too. 

There  are  many  things  I  remember 
about  the  life  in  younger  days  but  the 
most  outstanding  of  all  was  “Going  to 
Grandma’s!”  Grandmother  lived  about 
ten  miles  away  and  visits  to  her  were 
not  too  ordinary— just  perhaps  Thanks¬ 
giving  and  four  or  five  other  times  a 
year.  The  dishes  were  always  stacked 
after  breakfast  on  the  day  we  went, 
for  we  had  to  start  early  in  order  to 
have  much  time  with  her  and  get  back 


farmers  now  operating  locally.  All  the 
smaller  operators  are  now  in  local  de¬ 
fense  plants.  He  has  turned  down  sev¬ 
eral  attractive  offers  to  enter  defense 
work  at  good  wages  because  we  con¬ 
sidered  farm  production  equally  essen¬ 
tial.  This  week  he  has  had  orders  to 
report  for  his  physical  examination  for 
the  draft.  We  do  not  want  to  be 
‘slackers’  but  we  sincerely  think  farm¬ 
ing  by  some  trained  and  able-bodied 
men  is  essential.” — Mrs.  C.  W.,  Maine. 
*  *  * 

NO  MORE  FARMING 

“I  am  a  farmer  and  am  in  Class  2-A, 
having  had  two  deferments.  When  my 
last  deferment  was  up  in  July,  the 
Draft  Board  told  me  that  I  would  not 
have  to  go  until  Novepiber  when  my 
crops  would  be  all  harvested.  Then  I 
received  a  card  to  go  for  a  physical 
examination  on  September  14. 

“I  explained  to  the  Draft  Board  that 
( Continued  on  Page  9) 


in  time  for  chores.  Grandma  had  no 
telephone,  so  our  infrequent  visits  to 
her  were  nearly  always  in  the  nature 
of  a  surprise.  Incidentally,  my  father 
had  a  telephone  as  far  back  as  I  can 
remember. 

The  ride  itself  was  fun.  Sometimes 
my  sister  and  I  would  be  allowed  to 
drive  a  bit  of  the  way,  which  was  one 
of  the  highlights  of  the  day.  We  were 
never  allowed  to  drive  much;  the  horses 
my  father  kept  were  far  too  lively  for 
small  girls  to  handle. 

We  didn’t  get  to  see  many  people 
back  in  those  days,  so  .chatting  with 
the  neighbors  along  the  way  was  one 
of  the  interesting  things  about  the  ride. 
My  father  knew  everyone  for  miles 
around,  and  the  people  all  seemed  glad 
to  talk  a  few  minutes  while  Father  let 
the  horse  rest.  This  visiting  shortened 
our  time  with  Grandma,  but  we  enjoy¬ 


NOVEMBER 

By  Anne  Murry  Movius. 

From  Summer’s  store 
November  stole 
A  sunny  day, 

And  boldly  walked 
The  fields  and  hills 
In  lordly  way. 

He  did  not  hear 
The  Wind’s  wild  call, 

And  heeded  not 
The  dead  leaves  fall. 

A  dahlia  on  his  breast 
He  wore, 

Plucked  from  the  garden’s 
Lingering  store. 

And  when  the  frost 
Fell  on  his  hair, 

He  was  the  gayest  anywhere! 


ed  it.  Then  there  were  the  questions 
we  asked  along  the  way,  “Whose  house 
is  that  ?  How  many  children  live 
there?”,  and  all  the  numerous  other 
questions  that  small  children  are  etern¬ 
ally  asking. 

One  time  as  we  passed  a  house  a 
woman  called  out,  “Vernie,  tuck  in 
your  shirt!”  Now  as  Father’s  name 
was  Vernie,  we  all  giggled  and  gaped 
until  we*saw  she  was  calling  to  one 
of  her  own  small  children. 

Then,  the  thrill  of  thrills — arriving 
at  Grandma’s.  I  can  still  hear  her 
saying,  “Well,  well,  well”;  then  every¬ 
one  was  kissed  and  in  a  short  time  w:e 
were  ushered  into  the  house  to  greet 
the  maple  sugar  jar.  Somehow  I  al¬ 
ways  think  of  Grandma  and  maple 
sugar  and  luscious  apples  all  in  the 
same  category.  They  were  a  kind  of 
blend  that  helps  make  grandmothers 
so  precious  to  small  children. 

On  special  days  when  we  went  to 
Grandma’s,  the  aunts  and  uncles  and 
cousins  were  all  there  en  masse.  What 
fun  then!  We  explored  Grandma’s 
barns,  her  henhouse,  the  brook  where 
the  trout  played,  and  then  attacked  a 
groaning  table  of  food.  After  we  had 
eaten  until  we  were  about  ready  to 
burst,  there  was  the  special  treat  of 
listening  to  Grandma’s  phonograph. 
None  of  the  rest  of  us  had  one  and  we 
were  a  family  of  music  lovers. 

The  ride  home  wasn’t  quite  as  much 
fun.  We  hated  to  leave,  and  there 
would  be  cows  to  get  and  dishes  to 
wash  when  we  got  home.  But  never¬ 
theless  we  did  enjoy  the  return  trip. 
About  half  way  home  was  one  house 
we  always  noticed,  as  it  was  larger 
than  most  of  the  others  and  whiter. 
Sometimes  we  might  see  children 
around — a  girl,  a  boy  tall  and  skinny 
and  one  not  so  tall  and  skinny..  I  lit¬ 
tle  realized  then  that  in  that  same 
white  house  on  the  road  to  Grandma’s, 
the  same  tall  skinny  boy  and  I  would 
some  day  be  making  a  home  together. 
And  now,  years  later,  there  are  two 
more  boys,  one  tall  and  skinny,  and 
one  not  so  tall  and  ^kinny.  Going  to 
Grandma’s  is  a  more  frequent  event  for 
them  than  it  was  in  my  childhood,  but 
I  guess  time  hasn’t  changed  either  the 
hearts  of  grandmas  or  small  children, 
for  to  my  boys  the  biggest  thrill  of 
their  young  lives  is  a  chance  to  go  to 
their  Gram’s. 

As  our  boys  are  the  fifth  generation 
to  live  on  this  farm,  it  can  truly  be 
called  ancestral  acres.  I  wish  I  could 
say  that  the  house  is  still  a  little  whit¬ 
er  than  the  others,  but  with  taxes  and 
the  mortgage  we  aren’t  keeping  it  up 
as  well  as  it  was  kept  in  the  old  days. 

The  coming  generation  will  live  to 
see  many  changes,  but  my  husband 
and  I  belong  to  the  last  generation 
with  cherished  memories  of  the  days 
when,  with  the  exception  of  trains,  the 
good  old  horses  were  the  sole  means 
of  going  places. 


October  31  could  be  a 
public  sin  except  for 
me;  ’twas  ’most  too  late  be¬ 
fore  I  found  that  all  the  kids 
are  not  around.  It  came  to 
me  all  in  a  flash  while  I  was 
thinkin’  what  a  splash  we 
used  to  make  on  Hallowe’en, 
when  after  dark  we’d  all  con¬ 
vene  and  then  start  out 
a-raisin’  Ned  long  after  we 
should  be  in  bed.  But  now 
this  year  the  story’s  chang¬ 
ed  ’cause  boys  who  in  the 
past  have  ranged  our  neigh¬ 
borhood  must  stay  at  home, 
they  ain’t  got  time  to  romp 
and  roam  now  that  big 
brothers,  have  been  sent  to 
learn  to  shoot  and  pitch  a 
tent.  So  all  the  folks  are  off 
their  guard,  won’t  even  have 
lights  in  their  yard,  but  if 
they  think  they’re  gettin’  by, 
or  that  no  prankster  on  the 
sly  will  come  around  this 
Hallowe’en,  I’m  ’fraid  they’re  goin’  to  bust  a  spleen.  Just  ’cause  our  boys 
have  gone  away,  we  shouldn’t  curl  up  and  decay,  so  I  am  goin’  to  do  the 
job  that  once  was  handled  by  a  mob. 

First  I’ll  go  to  neighbor’s  place,  I  hope  that  he  won’t  show  his  face,  for 
if  he  does,  to  his  dismay,  a  ripe  tomato’ll  come  his  way.  His  nice  hew 
gate  of  pickets  white  will  surely  disappear  that  night,  and  when  the  sun 
begins  to  scorch  he’ll  find  it  up  on  his  front  pqrch.  I  only  hope  I’ll  find  a 
shack  like  those  we  used  to  have  out  back,  temptation  will  be  great  once 
more  to  sneak  right  up  and  push  it  o’er.  Of  course  I  won’t  do  nothin’ 
mean  to  spoil  the  name  of  Hallowe’en,  but  I  insist  on  havin’  fun  as  long’s 
I  ain’t  too  old  to  run.  I’ll  take  my  chances  with  £he  best,  and  maybe  I 
won’t  pass  the  test,  but  I’ll  admit  it’s  all  my  fault  if  I  get  peppered  with 
rock  salt. 


GROWING  UP  IN  THE 
HORSE  AND  RUGGY  DAYS 

—  True  Stories  By  Our  Readers  — 


(506)  6 


American  Agriculturist,  Novenmer  7,  1942 


And  Now  — 

200  Million  More  Meat  Birds 


— new  birds,  to  be  hatched  and  grown  this  Fall  and  Winter- 
fryers  and  small  roasters  to  help  the  nation's  meat  supply. 
This  gigantic  project  is  an  extra,  a  separate  item  of  wartime 
production.  It's  not  to  interfere  at  all  with  the  present  pro¬ 
gram  of  expanded  egg  output,  for  instance. 

Can  poultrymen  and  hatcherymen  do  it?  Watch  'em. 

Of  course  it  will  mean  feeding,  a  tremendous  tonnage  of 
good  starting  and  growing  mashes,  principally.  Many  of  those 
mashes  will  contain  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL.  The  chicks  raised 
on  them  will  have  extra  Vitamin  A  to  make  them  strong  and 
vigorous  and  will  develop  the  yellow  skin  color  that  con¬ 
sumers  like.  A  substance  called  xanthophyll  does  that.  Only 
a  few  ingredients  of  poultry  rations  contain  Vitamin  A  potency 
and  xanthophyll  in  good  measure.  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL  has  both. 

Be  sure  that  the  mashes  you  feed — either  for  meat  or  egg 
production — contain  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL. 


CORN  PRODUCTS  SALES  CO. 
NEW  YORK  •  CHICAGO 

DISTRIBUTORS  OF 

DIAMOND 

OLDEST  AND  BIGGEST 
SELLING  BRAND  OF 


CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL 


C.  Welsford  Lapham,  Gorham,  Me. 


yiCTORY 


UNITED 
STATES 
WAR 

BONDS 

AND 

STAMPS 


•  STOPPING  IN' 
S  Y  R AC  USE? 


I  ^  )  Statf.  a t 

HOTEL  SYRACUSE 

For  luxurious  comfort 
•  For  food  that  is  different 
•  For  moderate  prices 


And  a  good  time! 


Horn  /WjOse 


SYRACUSE,'  N 


OTTAWA 

MbTRACTOR 

m  mmm  ■ 


SAW 


Falls  Tree,  Cuts  Lof 

Uses  Power  Take-off  any  trac-  1 
tor.  Saws  fast.  Easy  on  fuel.  Hundreds  of  FREE  Book  A 
satisfied  users.  Big  labor  saver.  Low  Price.  Price  List 
OTTAWA  MFG.  CO.,  1131  Forest  Ave.,  Ottawa,  Kan*. 


What  Are  Pullets 

Worth  ?  By  j£.  £.  Weaueti 


THERE  is  but  little  relationship,  if 
any,  between  what  it  costs  to  grow 
a  pullet  and  what  she  is  worth.  If  it 
costs  you  a  dollar  to  grow  each  pullet 
but  you  refuse  to  sell  her  for  a  dollar 
and  a  quarter,  you  have  demonstrated 
that  she  is  worth  at  least  a  dollar  and 
a  quarter  to  you.  So  the  cost  of  grow¬ 
ing  a  pullet  is  one  item;  what  pullets 
are  worth  is  another. 

COST  OF  A  LEGHORN  PULLET 

Last  year,  Professor  Botsford  start¬ 
ed  his  chicks  in  one  large  flock,  saved 
labor  and  other  costs  by  so  doing,  and 
produced  pullets  at  a  cost  of  81  cents 
each.  His  1942  costs  are  not  in  yet  be¬ 
cause  some  of  the  pullets  are  still  on 
range.  Feed  has  been  higher  this  year. 
Feed  makes  up  half  or  more  of  the 
cost  of  growing  a  pullet.  Probably 
Botsford’s  costs  will  be  higher  this 
year. 

Last  year,  Mr.  Lawrence  Darrah 
from  Cornell  made  a  careful  study  on 
120  farms  in  New  York  State.  The 
average  net  cost  of  raising  pullets  on 
those  farms  was  $1.10.  That  figure  in¬ 
cluded  labor.  Botsford’s  record  does 
not  include  family  labor.  Darrah  found 
that  it  costs  more  to  raise  heavy  pul¬ 
lets  than  Leghorns;  more  to  raise  sex- 
ed  pullets  than  straight-run  chicks. 

In  Jefferson  County  recently,  Mr. 
Fred  D.  Fawdrey  gave  me  the  1942 
record  of  his  Leghorn  pullet  costs  to 
five  months  of  age.  Here  it  is: 


314  chicks  (sexed  pullets)  .  $78.00 

Scratch  feed  . 65.00 

Mash  .  81.17 

Electricity  (brooding)  .  9.00 

1  bale  peat  moss  .  3.45 

100  lbs.  grit  .  1.10 


Total  . . . . . $237.72 


290  pullets  reared  @  82c  per  pullet. 

WHAT  PULLETS  ARE  BRINGING 

This  fall  more  pullets  are  wanted 
than  are  for  sale.  People  are  bidding 
higher  for  them  than  in  recent  years. 
Ready-to-lay  Leghorn  pullets  have  been 
selling  for  from  $1.25  to  more  than 
$1.50.  At  those  prices,  with  careful 
management,  one  should  still  be  able 
to  make  a  reasonable  profit  this  year. 

*  *  * 

Those  Late-Laying 
Yearling  Hens 

To  make  room  for  pullets  ready  to 
be  moved  to  the  laying  house  a  neigh¬ 
bor  was  selling  his  entire  flock  of  900 
older  birds  at  17  cents  a  pound.  They 
had  laid  very  well,  but  recently  had 
dropped  off  rapidly.  I  persuaded  the 
buyer  to  let  me  select  some  of  those 
that  had  quit  most  recently  and  were 
rapid  molters.  I  am  persuaded  that  a 
rapid  molter  at  any  season  is  a  better 
bet  as  a  future  layer  than  a  hen  that 
is  merely  a  late  molter. 

These  yearlings,  165  of  them,  are 
now  out  in  three  shelters  on  an  excel¬ 
lent  clover  range.  They  have  water, 
wheat  and  laying  mash  available  at  all 
times.  The  back  and  windward  side  of 
each  shelter  is  covered  with  holey  feed 
sacks.  I  am  hoping  that  in  about  six 
weeks  these  hens  will  look  like  a  lot  of 
big  rugged  pullets  with  yellow  legs  and 
smooth  new  plumage,  but  with  dull 
combs.  They  will  then  be  moved  inside, 
put  under  lights,  and  some  cockerels 
will  be  added  to  the  flock.  Does  it  sound 
as  though  I  should  have  some  good 

hatching  eggs? 

*  *  * 

Feather  Eating 

At  this  season,  and  later,  some  pul¬ 
let  flocks  that  have  been  in  production 
for  several  weeks  develop  a  craze  for 
feathers.  Let  a  feather  drift  toward 
the  floor,  and  there  is  a  mad  rush  for 


it  from  all  sides.  It  is  eaten  greedily. 
Presently,  small  bare  spots  will  appear 
on  the  backs  of  some  of  the  birds,  just 
in  front  of  the  tail  feathers.  The 
feathers  are  being  pulled  out  and 
eaten,  sometimes  by  the  bird  herself. 
Unless  the  habit  is  stopped,  most  of 
the  birds  may  be  without  feathers  on 
their  backs,  necks  and  heads  by  spring. 

Idleness,  habit,  a  deficiency  in  the 
diet — these  have  been  suggested  as 
causes.  Perhaps  all  are  involved. 
Many  have  reported  noticeable  reduc¬ 
tion  or  complete  prevention  when  whole 
oats  were  added  to  the  ration.  Per¬ 
haps  the  birds  craved  that  extra  fiber. 
Perhaps  the  oats  supplied  a  nutritional 
element  that  was  needed.  If  inactivity 
is  a  part  of  the  trouble,  it  would  be 
helpful  to  scatter  the  oats  in  a  deep 
dry  litter  and  let  the  birds  dig  for  them. 

*  *  * 

Fall  Molters  Not  All  C«Hs 

Many  pullets  that  were  hatched  in 
January,  February  or  early  March 
will  molt  in  the  fall  after  a  few 
weeks  or  months  of  laying.  It  sel¬ 
dom  is  a  complete  change  of  plumage; 
usually  only  the  neck  and  part  of  the 
body  and  wing  feathers.  But  the  bird 
stops  laying,  and  her  comb  shrivels  to 
a  third  of  its  normal  size  and  becomes 
dull  and  rough.  The  pullet  is  a  dismal 
sight,  staying  most  of  the  time  in¬ 
active  on  the  roost.  No  wonder  that 
disappointed  owners  decide  to  cull  them 
out  and  sell  them. 

That,  I  believe,  is  a  poor  decision, 
and  I’ll  tell  you  why,  as  the  “specialist” 
would  say.  With  few  exceptions,  those 
fall  molters  are  not  through.  They 
will  come  back  if  given  a  chance.  If 
you  don’t  get  the  eggs  now,  you  will 
get  that  many  more  next  fall.  They 
are  merely  postponed.  Furthermore, 
those  egg s  are  needed  to  win  the  war. 
Think  of  them  as  "hen  grenades.”  If 
you  sell  those  birds,  what  will  you  do 
with  the  space  they  occupied?  Idle 
houses  pay  no  rent.  Finally,  a  pin- 
feathery  molting  hen  is  not  wanted  on 
the  market.  You  will  get  very  little 
for  her. 

*  *  * 

Chicks  for  the  Meat 
Campaign 

No  one  needs  to  hold  back  from 
starting  one  or  more  lots  of  chicks  to  1 
help  increase  the  country’s  meat  sup¬ 
ply.  Preliminary  returns  from  a  state¬ 
wide  survey  in  New  York  State  show 
that  thousands  of  chicks  are  available 
right  now.  Many  thousands  more  can 
be  ready  within  four  weeks  from  the 
time  the  order  is  sent  in.  County  Agri¬ 
cultural  Agents,  4-H  Club  Agents,  and 
Vocational  Agricultural  teachers  have 
been  supplied  with  lists  of  sources  from 
which  chicks  can  be  obtained. 

Chicks  from  heavy  breeds  or  crosses 
between  heavy  breeds  are  best,  but 
crosses  between  Leghorns  and  heavy 
breeds  make  excellent  meat  birds  up 
to  three  pounds.  They  grow  rapidly 
and  feather  quickly.  That  is  an  ad¬ 
vantage  in  cold  weather. 

*  *  * 

Soybean  Oil  Feeds 
Work  Well 

We  have  been  selling  our  “broilers.” 
They  are  not  actually  broilers,  but 
roasters.  We  kept  them  a  little  too 
long.  The  market  slipped  back  a  few 
cents,  and  the  first  really  cold  night, 
we  lost  two  fine  big  birds  by  smother¬ 
ing.  Why  didn’t  we  have  them  on 
( Continued  on  Page  12) 


American  Agriculturist,  November  7,  1942 

The  Apple  Market 


7  1 597  J 


WITH  any  crop  in  any  year,  the 
market  situation  is  made  up  of  a 
combination  of  favorable  and  unfavor¬ 
able  angles  which  farmers  must  weigh, 
one  against  another,  in  sizing  up  the 
situation.  The  apple  crop  this  year  is 
no  exception  to  that  rule. 

The  October  crop  report  estimated 
this  year’s  U.  S.  commercial  apple  crop 
at  128,386,000  bushels.  That  was  a  2% 
increase  over  the  September  1  estimate, 
resulting  from  favorable  September 
weather.  The  latest  estimate  indicates 
a  commercial  crop  5%  above  last  year 
and  about  4%  above  the  average  for 
the  years  1934  to  1939. 

Northeast  Crop — The  crop  is  especial¬ 
ly  good  in  northeastern  apple  growing 
regions,  and,  in  general,  in  these  areas 
the  winter  varieties  are  the  ones  show¬ 
ing  the  biggest  increases.  In  the  north¬ 
eastern  area,  crops  are  relatively  heav¬ 
ier  in  New  England  and  in  the  Appala¬ 
chian  area,  while  production  in  New 
York  State,  New  Jersey  and  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  is  only  slightly  above  last  year. 

In  the  South  Atlantic  region,  apples 
are  expected  to  yield  better  than  last 
year  in  all  states  except  North  Carolina 
and  Georgia.  In  the  Mid-west,  states 
having  larger  crops  than  last  year  in¬ 
clude  Michigan,  Iowa,  Nebraska  and 
Kansas,  with  smaller  crops  than  last 
year  in  Indiana,  Illinois  and  Missouri. 
In  the  South  Central  area,  production 
is  below  last  season  in  the  three  im¬ 
portant  states  of  Kentucky,  Tennessee 
and  Arkansas.  In  the  far  West,  the 
Washington  commercial  crop  is  about 
1%  above  last  year,  Colorado  6%  larg¬ 
er,  and  Oregon  12%  larger.  Crops  in 
all  other  western  states  are  smaller, 
with  the  greatest  declines  in  Montana, 
Idaho  and  California. 

New  Markets  —  The  logical  conclus¬ 
ion  from  these  figures  is  that  more 
western  apples  will  be  consumed  in  the 
West  and  fewer  shipped  to  the  East 
this  year.  It  is  also  certain  that  more 
than  the  normal  amount  of  northeast¬ 
ern  apples  will  find  markets  in  mid- 
western  cities. 

Among  the  unfavorable  factors  in 
this  year’s  apple  deal  will  be  increased 
competition  from  citrus  fruits.  It  is  ex¬ 
pected  that  the  combined  crop  of 
oranges  and  grapefruits  will  exceed 
any  previous  year.  Less  tin  will  be 
available  for  canned  grapefruit,  so 
there  will  be  more  of  the  fresh  product 
on  eastern  markets.  Both  Florida  and 
California  have  good  crops  of  oranges. 
It  is  expected  that  competition  from 
citrus  fruits  will  grow  as  the  season 
progresses.  This  might  indicate  the  wis¬ 
dom  of  selling  more  than  the  usual  pro¬ 
portion  of  the  crop  before  Christmas. 

Exports  —  Another  unfavorable  angle 
of  the  deal  is  the  export  situation.  Few 
ships  will  be  available  for  exporting 
apples,  but  there  will  be  a  larger  than 
usual  market  for  canned  and  dried  ap¬ 
ples.  The  shortage  of  tin,  of  course, 
will  effect  the  canning  of  apples  and 
applesauce,  but  there  is  some  belief 
that  the  size  of  the  pack  will  be  in¬ 
creased  over  the  original  estimates  of 
1,600,000  cases  of  apples  and  1,750,000 
cases  of  applesauce.  The  demand  for 
apples  for  drying  is  bigger  than  it  has 
been  in  some  years,  and  prices  are  re¬ 
ported  as  nearly  three  times  those  of 
1939.  The  going  price  reported  from 
western  New  York  is  $1.50  a  hundred 
pounds  for  apples  for  drying. 

Apple  growers  have  been  somewhat 
disturbed  over  the  possibility  of  price 
ceilings  on  apples.  That  may  come,  but 
the  best  advice  we  can  get  is  that  ceil¬ 
ings  are  not  likely  in  the  near  future. 
It  appears  that  the  Office  of  Price  Ad¬ 
ministration  may  have  their  hands  full 
in  ironing  out  the  kinks  in  price  ceil¬ 
ings  on  citrus  fruits,  potatoes  and 
onions.  One  man  who  has  put  quite  a 
bit  of  study  on  the  situation  believes 


that  should  price  ceilings  be  imposed, 
they  are  likely  to  be  at  levels  some¬ 
what  above  the  present  market. 

Few  Bananas  —  On  the  favorable  side, 
there  will  be  little  competition  from 
bananas.  The  same  situation — lack  of 
ships — which  cuts  the  export  of  apples 
also  cuts  the  imports  of  bananas.  This 
should  provide  an  outlet  for  the  better 
varieties  of  dessert  apples.  The  consum¬ 
er  buying  power  is  always  a  factor  in 
any  market.  This  year  it  is  on  the 
favorable  side.  There  is  no  reason  why 
any  able-bodied  person  should  be  un¬ 
employed,  and  lack  of  money  will  not 
hinder  apple  purchases  by  consumers 
who  want  them. 

A  glance  at  October  1  storage  hold¬ 
ings  may  be  helpful.  U.  S.  holdings  on 
that  date  were  9,910,000  bushels,  com¬ 
pared  to  10,302,000  bushels  on  the  same 
date  a  year  ago.  Holdings  of  apples  in 
eastern  states  are  heavier  than  a  year 
ago  because  the  harvest  has  been  a  bit 
early.  Holdings  of  western  boxed  ap¬ 
ples  are  lighter  than  last  year  because 
the  harvesting  season  in  Washington 
and  Oregon  is  later  than  normal. 

Both  chain  and  independent  stores 
have  aided  apple  growers  by  putting  on 
di'ives  to  sell  more  apples.  The  New 
York-New  England  Apple  Institute  has 
been  very  effective  in  this  program, 
and  it  deserves  the  support  of  all  apple 
growers. 

In  general,  this  looks  like  a  reason¬ 
ably  good  year  for  apple  growers.  They 
have-  their  problems,  including  princi¬ 
pally  the  securing  of  enough  'labor, 
packages  and  storage  space;  but  on  the 
whole  the  northeastern  crop  is  good 
and  the  market  is  favorable. 

— a.  a. — 

HELPING  THE  WEEDS 

“They  took  an  awful  beating”  is  the 
way  the  tenant  farmer  answered  my 
question  when  I  became  concerned  over 
the  most  luxuriant  growth  of  tall  weeds 
in  the  soy  beans  and  in  the  garden. 
He  went  on  to  explain  with  enthusiasm 
how  with  the  great  advantage  of  power 
machinery  one  could  easily  “lick  the 
weeds.”  When  he  got  down  off  the 
tractor  seat  and  we  examined  the  near¬ 
ly  mature  weeds  and  found  them  just 
chock  full  of  mature  seeds,  and  also 
found  that  after  the  power  machinery 
had  passed  over  them  the  old  stems 
were  battered  to  bits  and  were  nearly 
out  of  sight,  he  finally  changed  his 
mind  because,  while  he  was  doing  an 
excellent  job  of  eliminating  unsightly 
stems  and  leaves,  he  was  also  doing  an 
extra  fine  job  of  weed  seeding  —  just 
the  kind  of  fall  weed  seeding  these 
particular  kinds  of  weeds  could  best 
thrive  under. 

In  the  loosened  soil  after  the  tractor 
had  passed  we  easily  found  thousands 
of  shiny  black  redroot  pigweed  seeds 
where  one  of  these  large  weeds  had 
been  pummeled  into  the  earth.  When 
it  was  pointed  out  that  these  weed 
seeds  were  now  definitely  known  to 
be  able  to  remain  alive  and  dormant 
in  the  soil  for  5,  10,  15,  20  or  30  or 
•  even  more  years  he  was  impressed. 

After  we  had  talked  about  power 
machinery  and  the  cost  of  weed  con¬ 
trol  he  finally  concluded  that  along 
with  all  of  this  power  there  should  go 
a  lot  of  good  judgment  if  one  is  to 
utilize  to  best  advantage  the  superior¬ 
ity  of  power  machinery  over  the  slow¬ 
er  and  sometimes  less  effective  horse 
power  when  it  comes  to  striking  the 
weeds  hard  at  the  right  time. 

Many  farmers  are  coming  to  the  con¬ 
clusion  that  the  present  season  is  going 
to  be  tremendously  expensive.  With 
the  shortage  of  labor,  these  weeds  are 
being  neglected  and  they  are  going  to 
come  back  at  us  again  next  year  and 
the  next. — M.  T.  Munn,  New  York,  State 
Seed  Analyst. 


It  helped  America’s  farmers  accom¬ 
plish  the  “impossible”  in  1942.  But 
the  war’s  not  over  yet.  And  the  better 
you  treat  your  tractor  now,  the  hard¬ 
er  it  will  fight  for  you  in  next  year’s 
battle  of  production. 

With  so  much  at  stake— and  with 
replacement  parts  so  scarce  —  the 
extra  protection  of  150-HOUR 
VEEDOL  TRACTOR  OIL  is  extra 
important  this  winter.  It’s  made 
from  the  world’s  toughest,  most 
wear-resistant  crude— pure  Bradford- 
Pennsylvania.  And  every  day  farmer 
after  farmer  is  finding  that  Veedol 
outworks  and  outlasts  ordinary  oils 
by  as  much  as  100%. 

Every  tractor  in  the  land  must 
pull  for  Victory.  And  150-HOUR 


VEEDOL  has  what  it  takes  to  help 
keep  'em  pulling. 

NOTE;  Your  farm  implement  dealer  is 
eager  to  help  keep  your  tractor  in  tip¬ 
top  shape.  Don’t  hesitate  to  enlist  his 
expert  assistance. 

FIGHT  WINTER  WITH  VEEDOL  TRACTOR 
OIL  . . .  AND  SAVE  5  WAYS! 

1.  Saves  fuel  by  reducing  power  blow- 
by.  2.  Saves  oil;  good  for  150  hours 
between  changes  in  gasoline -engined 
tractors;  cuts  down  oil  consumption  in 
all  tractors  regardless  of  fuel  used. 
3.  Saves  time  by  avoiding  breakdown 
delays.  4.  Saves  repairs  through  greater 
heat-  and  wear-resistance.  5.  Saves  trac¬ 
tors;  assures  long,  economical  service. 
Order  150-HOUR  VEEDOL  TRACTOR  OIL 
today! 


“ A  Better 
Tractor  Oil 
by  the  Clock! 


r* 


A  Product  of  Tide  Water  Associated  Oil,  Company 


OIL  IS  AMMUNITION 


USE  IT  WISELY 


(598) 


American  Agriculturist,  November  7,  1942 


GASOUNE  POWER 
HELPED  HAKE  RECORD 
CROP,  SAP  FARMERS 

Wide  Use  of  Gasoline  Boosts  Tractor 
Power  . . .  Proves  Big  Factor  in  Producing 
“Harvest  Heard  Round  the  World” 


The  challenge  of  producing  farm 
products  for  a  world  at  war  has 
been  more  than  met.  This  year’s 
bumper  harvest  is  a  tribute  to  the 
ability  and  spirit  of  the  men  who 
are  responsible  for  feeding  our 
nation  and  its  allies. 

According  to  many  farmers,  the 
fact  that  they  switched  to  gasoline 
power  played  an  important  part  in 
the  successful  completion  of  this 
tremendous  task.  An  abundance  of 
gasoline  for  tractor  use— and  a 
shortage  of  distillate — prompted 
thousands  to  switch  to  gasoline, 
with  the  result  that  great  gains 
were  made  in  total  tractor  power. 

Where  gasoline  was  used  in  low 
compression  tractors,  only  a  few 
simple  engine  adjustments  were 
needed  to  get  up  to  12%  more 
power.  And  by  changing  over  to 
high  compression  when  they  had 
their  tractors  overhauled,  many 
farmers  found  that  their  tractors 
delivered  as  much  as  30%  more 
'power!  This  extra  power  helped 
them  cover  more  acres  in  less  time, 
produce  bigger  and  more  profitable 
crops  in  fewer  tractor  hours. 

Oil  is  ammunition  —  use  it  wisely! 

Because  it  eliminates  wasteful 
crankcase  dilution,  gasoline  saves 
lubricating  oil — vast  quantities  of 
which  are  needed  by  the  armed 
forces.  Tractor  manufacturers  rec¬ 
ognize  the  fact  that  gasoline  cuts 
oil  consumption  and  recommend 
longer  periods  of  service  between  oil 
changes  when  gasoline  is  used. 

Fewer  repairs  with  gasoline 

Gasoline  not  only  delivers  more 
power  and  saves  oil,  but  increases 
the  life  of  vital  tractor  parts.  This 
fact  was  demonstrated  again  in 
recent  engineering  tests  where  two 
identical  tractors  were  run  for  1384 
hours  in  the  laboratory  and  2064 
hours  in  the  field — 3448  hours  total. 


At  the  end  of  the  tests  the  dis¬ 
tillate-burning  tractor  showed 
135%  more  wear  on  pistons,  112% 
more  wear  on  crankshaft  journals 
and  133  %  more  wear  on  crank  pins. 

Aim  for  greater  power  in  ’43 

Many  farmers  who  ran  low  com¬ 
pression  tractors  on  gasoline  in 
1942  are  planning  to  convert  them 
to  high  compression  when  they 
are  overhauled.  Little  or  no  more 
material  is  required  than  for  an 
ordinary  overhaul— and  high  com¬ 
pression  gives  the  full  power  of 
gasoline.  If  you  have  a  low  com¬ 
pression  tractor  that  needs  an  over¬ 
haul,  be  sure  to  check  with  your 
tractor  dealer  now  regarding  a 
“change-over”  job  this  fall.  Ethyl 
Corporation,  Chrysler  Building, 
New  York  City,  manu-  p 
facturer  of  antiknock 
fluid  used  by  oil  com-  *  j.  * 
panies  to  improve  gas-  *  vifj&lfc  5* 
oUne. 


\ 


FARMERS ! 

GET  THE  LATEST 

NEWS 

ON  THE  FARM  FRONT 

BY  UNITED  PRESS 

12:30  F*.  IV1.  DAILY 


Courtesy  Vosler  Potato  Brusher. 

Tune  WBTA  First 


Plant  Red  Raspberries  Now.  Real  disease  free  Marcy, 
Taylor,  Newburgh,  $3.00-100.  WALBERTA  FARMS, 
CLINTON.  CONN. 


DIAL  1490 


MULCHING  BERRIES 

Should  strawberries  be  mulched  before 
or  after  the  ground  freezes?  What  is 
the  best  material  to  use? 

The  exact  time  of  mulching  a  straw¬ 
berry  bed  is  not  too  important — in  fact, 
the  chances  that  a  strawberry  bed  will 
go  through  the  winter  without  damage, 
even  though  unmulched,  are  good. 
Mulching  is  recommended  as  an  in¬ 
surance  againfet  an  exceptionally  severe 
winter  or  an  unfavorable  location. 
There  is  an  added  advantage  in  that 
mulching  material  helps  keep  the  ber¬ 
ries  clean. 

Clean  straw  makes  the  best  mulch 
because  it  does  not  add  weed  seeds  and 
because  it  does  not  mat  down  over  the 
rows.  You  could  use  4  inches  of  straw; 
or,  if  you  cannot  get  it,  2"  of  leaves, 
although  they  are  not  as  good.  If  you 
have  a  small  garden  patch,  you  might 
even  mulch  with  evergreen  boughs  and 
take  them  off  in  the  spring. 

— a.  a. — 

BUTCHERING 

How  long  should  feed  be  withheld  from 
hogs  before  they  are  butchered?  What 
is  the  correct  temperature  for  water  lor 
scalding? 

Hogs  bleed  more  thoroughly  and 
dress  better  if  food  is  withheld  for 
twenty-four  hours,  during  which  time 
they  are  given  all  of  the  water  they 
will  drink. 

The  correct  temperature  for  scald¬ 
ing  is  from  140  to  144  degrees  F.  At 
this  temperature,  it  will  take  from  3  to 
6  minutes  to  loosen  the  hair  and  scurf, 
and  there  is  little  danger  of  setting 
the  hair  or  cooking  the  outside  of  the 
carcass. 

— a.  a. — 

WINTERING  HORSES 

Where  horses  do  relatively  little  work 
during  the  winter  time,  can  they  be  win¬ 
tered  on  alfalfa  hay  alone? 


offspring  some  characteristics  which 
they  do  not  show.  That  is  why  breed¬ 
ing  is  such  a  gamble  and  why  it  is  so 
important  that  all  near  relatives  of 
both  sire  and  dam  be  uniformly  good. 

—  A.  A. — 

FALL  MOLT 

Is  there  any  way  to  prevent  fall  molt 
in  pullets? 

There  is  no  sure-fire  method  that  will 
prevent  this.  Many  of  the  best  poul- 
trymen  who  follow  alh  of  the  recom¬ 
mended  management  practices  run  into 
fall  molt.  This,  of  course,  is  most  like¬ 
ly  to  happen  with  pullets  that  are 
hatched  early.  Fall  molt  is  usually 
preceded  by  a  loss  of  body  weight,  but 
I  have  never  heard  any  good  explana¬ 
tion  of  why  some  pullets  will  lose 
weight  and  molt  while  others  will  gain 
weight  and  continue  to  lay. 

While  the  time  of  molt  is  one  of  the 
things  by  which  to  cull  the  year-old 
hens,  it  should  not  be  used  as  a  basis 
for  culling  pullets.  Neither,  if  you  get 
a  fall  molt,  should  you  take  away  their 
mash.  Feed  them  well  and  get  them 
back  into  production  as  soon  as  pos¬ 
sible. 

— a.  a. — 

HOUSING  PULLETS 

When  housing  pullets  there  are  always 
a  few  that  develop  slowly.  Should  these 
birds  be  culled  or  will  they  develop  into 
jjrofitable  layers? 

That  is  a  question  that  is  open  to 
debate.  In  the  first  place  you  cer¬ 
tainly  should  pick  out  the  early  ma¬ 
turing  birds  and  put  them  in  a  pen  to¬ 
gether.  This  gives  the  slower  matur¬ 
ing  birds  a  better  chance  and  many 
of  them  will  develop  into  profitable 
producers.  Don’t  carry  the  practice 
too  far.  Any  obvious  culls  should  be 
sold  now  rather  than  letting  them 
board  with  you  six  months  before  you 
sell  them. 


If  alfalfa  is  not  dusty,  it  is  one  of 
the  best  roughages  for  horses.  You 
can  winter  a  horse  on  plenty  of  good 
alfalfa  hay,  but  it  is  doubtful  economy 
to  let  a  horse  lose  weight  and  then  have 
to  put  it  back  on  in  the  spring.  A 
good  rule  to  follow  is  to  use  1  lb.  of 
alfalfa  to  each  100  lbs.  of  live  weight; 
and  if  you  feel  more  roughage  is  neces¬ 
sary,  use  timothy  or  some  other  non¬ 
legume. 

— a.  a. — 

FIRE  DISTRICTS 

We  are  talking  of  setting  up  a  fire  dis¬ 
trict  in  this  area.  Where  can  we  get  in¬ 
formation  about  the  law  on  this  matter? 


— A.  A. — 

LIGHTS  FOR  MALES 


Should  lights  be  used  on  cockerels  that 
are  being  kept  for  breeding  purposes? 

The  New  York  State  College  of  Agri¬ 
culture  tells  us  that  lights  should  not 
be  used  on  breeding  males.  They  grow 
faster  and  stay  in  better  condition 
without  lights. 


&a£e&  CoenJtA' 


Cattle  Sales 


Living  in  New  York  State  as  you  do, 
you  will  find  the  information  in  a  book 
known  as  Book  61  of  McKinney’s  Con¬ 
solidated  Laws  of  New  York  entitled 
“Town  Law.”  The  information  you 
want  is  in  Article  11.  Either  your 
Supervisor  or  the  Clerk  of  the  Board 
of  Supervisors  will  almost  certainly 
have  a  copy  of  this  and  will  be  glad 
to  let  you  read  it. 

—a.  a. — 

"NICKING” 

Is  there  any  basis  for  the  idea  that 
certain  animals  “nick”  better  than  others 
when  they  are  bred? 

Unquestionably  two  calves  from  the 
same  dam  but  of  different  sires  may 
differ  greatly.  Occasionally,  it  seems 
that  a  particular  mating  gives  excep¬ 
tionally  good  results,  often  called 
“nicking”,  but  on  the  whole  breeders 
are  coming  to  the  idea  that  the  best 
way  to  insure  good  offspring  is  to 
select  parents  whose  near  relatives  are 
uniformly  good  producers.  Animals 
have  the  power  to  transmit  to  their 


Nov.  6-  7 
Nov  9 
Nov.  9-10 
Nov.  10 
Nov.  21 

Deo.  14-15 

Nov.  10-12 

Nov.  11-12 

Nov.  11-12 

Nov.  II -19 
Nov.  12-13 

Nov.  13-15 

Dec.  7 

Dec.  7-  8 

Dec.  7-9 

Dec.  8-11 
Dec.  15-16 

Jan.  6-10 
Jan.  12-14 
Jan.  13-17 

Jan'.  26-29 


Scantic  Meadows  Ayrshire  Dispersal,  East 
Windsor  Hill,  Conn. 

The  Blue  Ribbon  Holstein  Sale,  Waukesha, 

W‘s. 

Holstein  Dispersal,  John  J.  Bloomfield 
Estate,  Truxton,  N.  Y. 

U.  S.  National  Holstein  Sale,  Waukesha, 
Wis. 

Complete  Dispersal  of  Cinchona  Farm 
Guernseys,  owned  by  Samuel  H.  Tendler, 
Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphia,  Pa, 

4-H  Lamb  and  Hog  Sale,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Coming  Events 

New  York  State  Home  Bureau  Federation 
Annual  Meeting,  Utica. 

New  York  State  Farm  Bureau  Federation 
Annual  Meeting,  Utica. 

New  York  4-H  Club  Federation  Annual 
Meeting,  Utica. 

National  Grange,  Wenatchee,  Washington. 
15th  Annual  Poultry  Breeders’  School, 
Mass.  State  College,  Amherst. 

Bridgeport  Poultry  Ass’n.  Show,  Bridge¬ 
port,  Conn. 

Annual  Meeting  of  the  American  Farm 
Bureau  Federation,  Chicago,  III. 

Annual  Convention  of  National  Vegetable 
Growers'  Ass'n.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Annual  Convention  of  National  Vegetable 
Growers’  Ass’n.  of  America.  Pittsburgh,  Pa 
New  York  State  Grange,  Syracuse. 

Annual  Convention  of  New  York  State 
Farm  Equipment  Dealers’  Ass’n.,  Hotel 
Onondaga,  Syracuse. 

New  York  Poultry  Show,  New  York  City. 
Pennsylvania  Farm  Show.  Harrisburg,  Pa- 
Boston  Poultry  Show,  Boston  Garden,  Bos¬ 
ton,  Mass. 

27th  Annual  New  Jersey  Agricultural 
Week,  Trenton. 


American  Agriculturist,  November  7,  1942 


9  (599) 


How  to 


MAKE'EM 

LAST 

LONGER! 


1  Have  your  spark  plugs  cleaned,  and 
the  gaps  adjusted,  every  4)000  miles 
or  every  200  hours. 

2  Replace  badly  worn  plugs p  romptly. 

3  Switch  to  “hotter”  plugs  (a  higher 
AC  type  number)  if  your  plugs  foul 
excessively;  and  to  “cooler”  plugs  (a 
lower  AC  type  number)  if  preigni 
tion,  rapid  wear,  cracking,  or  split¬ 
ting  are  chronic. 

It  is  easier  than  you  may  realize  to 
give  your  spark  plugs  this  all-im¬ 
portant  care.  There  is  a  Registered 
AC  Spark  Plug  Cleaning  Station 
in  nearly  every  town  in  America. 
These  Stations  are  equipped  with 
the  machine  to  do  a 
thorough  cleaning 
job,  and  special 
gauges  and  tools  for 
accurate  gap  adjust- 
ing.They  will  service 
your  plugs  quickly  — 
and  at  very  small  cost. 


AC  SPARK  PLUG  DIVISION 
General  Motors  Corporation 

NOnc E I  LI  N  G 


Hands!  Almost  bare-hand  freedom  in  your 
grip — no  trace  of  stiffness  to  slow  up  work 
or  cause  accidents.  Y ou  can  soak  ’em  dozens 


of  times  and  they  still  dry  out  soft!  Tough, 
too — packed  with  extra  wear!  Try  on  a 
pair  at  any  Wolverine  dealer’s.  If  you 
don’t  know  his  name,  write  WOLVERINE 
SHOE  6s  TANNING  CORP.,  Dept.  -m*z, 
Rockford,  Mich. 

WOLVERINE 

HORSEHIDE  WORK  GLOVES 


The  Help  Situation 

( Continued  from,  Page  5) 

when  I  leave  the  farm  there  will  not  be 
any  more  farming  on  this  72-acre  farm. 

I  have  a  truck  farm,  and  also  raise 
cows,  pigs  and  chickens.  My  father 
works  in  a  defense  plant,  and  my  small 
brother  is  in  the  seventh  grade.” — F. 
Z.,  New  Jersey. 

*  *  * 

TOO  MUCH  FOR  ONE  MAN 

“We  have  a  200-acre  farm  and  do  all 
cur  work  with  horses.  We  do  not  have 
a  tractor  or  truck.  We  keep  31  cows 
and  19  head  of  young  cattle,  and  ex¬ 
pect  to  have  35  coyys  next  summer.  Is 
there  any  chance  of  getting  my  broth¬ 
er  deferred  ?  He  is  in  Class  1-A. 
Without  his  help,  I  will  not  be  able  to 
do  all  this  work.” — B.  G.,  New  York,. 

*  *  * 

NO  HELP 

“I  have  50  cows  and  20  head  of 
young  stock.  I  also  have  hogs,  chick¬ 
ens,  and  other  farm  stock.  I  have  no 
one  to  help  me  except  my  son,  and 
could  not  go  on  with  the  farm  if  he  is 
drafted.” — H.  K.,  New  York. 

*  *  * 

ALONE 

“I  am  writing  about  my  son  who  is 
going  to  the  Army  in  four  days.  I  am 
here  alone,  and  am  not  able  to  carry  on 
the  farm.  I  have  been  laid  up  for  six 
years,  and  am  getting  worse.  I  have  a 
200-acre  farm,  3  horses,  and  9  head  of 
cattle.  We  get  our  living  off  the  farm. 

I  am  72  years  old,  and  need  my  boy 
to  do  the  work.” — -J.  W.,  Vermont. 

*  *  * 

GOING  RAPIDLY 

“About  two  months  ago  I  was  put  in 
Ciass  2-A.  On  October  3,  I  received 
my  new  rating,  which  is  1-A.  If  I  am 
called  in  the  near  future,  Father  will 
be  obliged  to  sell  his  dairy  and  prob¬ 
ably  his  350  pullets  and  hens  and  get 
work  in  a  factory.  I  hope  that  the 
majority  of  the  Draft  Boards  do  not 
draft  the  farm  boys  as  fast  as  our 
Board  sees  fit  to  do. 

“Like  most  young  men,  I  am  really 
anxious  to  get  a  ‘whack  at  the  Japs’, 
but  feel  it  my  duty  to  help  produce 
the  food  and,  at  the  same  time,  help 
Father  keep  the  herd  he  has  been  years 
in  building.” — M.  D.,  New  York. 

*  *  * 

"MUST  FILL  QUOTA” 

“I  am  a  young  man,  and  never  did 
any  work  except  farming.  For  the  last 
six  years,  I  have  worked  the  same 
farm  for  a  man.  During  the  past  year, 
I  married,  after  having  done  sufficient 
work  on  a  tenant  house  to  make  it  liv¬ 
able  and  convenient.  Then  I  took  the 
farm  over  on  shares. 

“This  farm  has  118  acres,  20  head  of 
cattle,  3  horses,  a  brood  sow,  7  pigs, 
and  60  chickens.  Our  goal  is  not  to 
produce  less  than  6,000  lbs.  of  milk  per 
month,  milking  10  cows. 

“Over  a  year  ago,  I  was  classified  as 
2-A,  because  I  was  a  farmer,  but  I  was 
working  by  the  month  and  was  single. 
Now  this  past  August  I  was  called  in 
for  a  second  examination,  classified 
1-A,  and  told  that  I  will  have  to  sell 
my  stock,  etc.,  because  they  have  to 
fill  their  quota  and  it  makes  no  differ¬ 
ence  that  I  am  a  farmer.” — W.  C.,  New 
York. 

— a.  a. — 

A  SMALL  THING  —  “I  have  been 
teaching  my  son  that  he  should  never 
go  through  the  chicken  house  without 
running  his  fingers  through  the  mash 
hoppers.  It  is  surprising  how  this  will 
interest  the  hens  and  start  them  eat¬ 
ing.  It  is  little  things  like  this  that 
often  make  the  difference  between 
profit  and  loss.” — G.  H. 


Your  tractor  is  as  vital 
as  our  big  guns 


American  farmers  are  fighting  a  war  on  the  home  front. 

Theirs  is  the  battle  to  produce  the  food  needed  by  people  all  over 
the  world.  Theirs  is  the  job  of  growing  ever-increasing  quantities  of 
farm  products  in  a  period  when  farm  labor  is  scarcer  than  ever. 

In  winning  this  great  battle,  the  farmer’s  most  effective  weapon  is 
his  tractor.  And  no  single  factor  has  more  effect  on  tractor  life  and 
performance  than  proper  lubrication.  So  we  say — “DON’T  UNDER¬ 
RATE  THE  IMPORTANCE  OF  PROPER  LUBRICATION !” 

Here  are  two  tips  which  can  help  to  keep  your  machine  operating  longer: 

1 .  Keep  an  up-to-date  maintenance  chart.  It  will  eliminate 
guessing  at  your  tractor’s  lubrication  requirements. 


2.  Use  Gulflube  Motor  Oil,  a  quality  oil  at  a  thrifty  price. 
Gulflube  is  highly  resistant  to  the  formation  of  carbon, 
gum,  and  sludge,  and  is  tough  enough  to  stay  “Full”  be¬ 
tween  regular  drains. 


Two  more  Farm  Aids 
You’ll  like ... 

1  •  The  whirling  action  of  universal  joints 
makes  a  special,  fibrous  grease  necessary 
for  their  proper  lubrication.  GULFLEX 
UNIVERSAL  JOINT  LUBRICANT  will 
not  throw  out  of  universal  joints  (in  good 
mechanical  condition),  even  under  severe 
operating  conditions.  Its  high  melting 
point  enables  it  to  withstand  tempera¬ 
tures  developed  under  heavy  loads  at  high 
angles. 

2.  Gulf  Transmission  Oils  (S.A.E.  90, 140, 
and  250)  are  high-grade  oils.  They  are 
recommended  for  transmissions,  differen¬ 
tials,  final  drives,  and  power  take-off  mech¬ 
anisms  of  tractors  and  trucks. 


FREE-60-Page  Tractor  Manual 

Gulf’s  tractor  experts  and  lubrication  en¬ 
gineers  have  compiled  a  complete  encyclo¬ 
pedia  on  tractor  operation  and  mainte¬ 
nance.  Written  in  non-technical  language, 
it  would  cost  you  a  dollar  if  you  could 
buy  it.  We  have  a  limited  supply  left 
which  we  will  give  away.  But  only  to  trac¬ 
tor  operators.  Address  a  postcard  to  Gulf 
Farm  Aids,  Room  3800,  Gulf  Building, 
Pittsburgh, Pa., for  your  copy,  stating  type 
or  types  of  tractors  you  operate. 

GULF  FARM  AIDS...  Gulf  fuels  and  lubri¬ 
cants  are  available  at  your  Good  Gulf  station 
and  at  Gulf  distributing  plants.  Gulfspray* 
Gulf  Livestock  Spray,  and 
other  Gulf  products  for 
home  and  farm  are  sold 
at  Gulf  stations,  grocery, 
drug,  hardware,  variety 
stores  ...  at  milk  gather¬ 
ing  stations,  and  by  feed 
stores. 

OIL  IS  AMMUNITION  •  USE  IT  WISELY 


TUNE  IN— “We,  the  People”!— Sunday  Night  at  7:30  Eastern  Wartime  —  Columbia  Network 


(600)  lO 


American  Agriculturist,  November  7,  1942 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Summers  of  Frederick,  Maryland,  study  the  farm  business,  while 
the  two  younger  boys  look  on.  The  training  that  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Summers  received  in 

4-H  Club  work  is  now  getting  results. 


Youth,  Experience,  Credit  — 


were  twice 


as  big  ” 


“Then  I  could  give  the  public  all  the  service  it 
wants  and  take  care  of  the  war  on  top  of  that. 

“But  I  can’t  get  bigger  now  because  materials 
are  needed  for  shooting.  So  I’m  asking  your 
help  to  make  the  most  of  what  we  have. 


“Please  don’t  make  Long  Distance  calls  to 
centers  of  war  activity  unless  they  are  vital. 
Leave  the  wires  clear  for  war  traffic.” 


BELL  TELEPHONE  SYSTEM 


The  Farm  Station 
of  New  England 


LISTEN . 

to  your  kind  of  program 
at  1290  on  your  radii 


A  Real  Food  Production  Team 


A  YOUNG  MAN  in  Frederick  Coun¬ 
ty,  Maryland,  briefly  stops  the 
binder  cutting  barley  on  a  day  in  June 
to  talk  with  a  couple  of  visitors  inter¬ 
ested  in  his  farm  experience.  The 
needs  of  a  country  at  war  are  not 
necessary  to  spur  this  energetic  young 
farmer,  still  in  his  late  twenties,  to  pro¬ 
duce  to  the  maximum. 

The  farm  recently  purchased  adjoins 
the  one  on  which  he  grew  up  and  which 
he  also  now  rents.  The  feed  crops  are 
grown  for  a  purebred  herd  of  23  Guern¬ 
seys,  six  horses,  a  flock  of  sheep  and 
some  poultry.  Good  equipment  makes 
possible  efficient  production. 

The  wife  was  canning  cherries,  the 
last  of  the  100  quarts  put  up  this  sum¬ 
mer.  To  this  was  to  be  added  500 
quarts  of  other  fruits  and  vegetables 
from  the  large  well-tilled  garden. 
Three  boys  ranging  from  2  months  to 
6  years  gave  support  to  the  reputation 
of  the  household  for  good  meals. 

Ruth  Schaffer  and  John  Summers 
had  been  active  in  4-H  Club  work  and 
had  received  various  county  awards. 
In  1935  they  planned  to  marry  and 
start  farming,  and  John  went  to  the 
Frederick  Production  Credit  Associa¬ 
tion  and  arranged  for  a  loan  of  $2,400 
with  which  to  start.  All  the  papers 
were  prepared  and  preliminary  approv¬ 
al  given  by  the  loan  committee.  Fol¬ 
lowing  the  wedding  and  a  brief  honey¬ 
moon  trip,  he  signed  the  papers  and 
received  the  loan.  He  and  Ruth  then 
began  to  farm  with  machinery  and 
livestock  bought  with  the  borrowed 
money. 

Their  4-H  Club  training,  as  well  as 
their  farm  and  home  experience,  must 
have  stood  them  in  good  stead,  for 
every  payment  on  the  loan  was  made 
on  or  before  the  date  due.  Succeeding 
loans  from  the  association  since  that 
time  have  been  used  to  buy  other 
equipment  and  livestock  in  addition  to 
the  heifers  being  grown,  and  these 
loans  have  also  been  met  on  time. 

The  story  of  Ruth  and  John  Sum¬ 
mers,  however,  is  not  an  isolated  in¬ 
stance  of  a  loan  to  young  people. 
Twenty-six  young  farmers  in  west  cen¬ 
tral  Maryland  were  financed  to  a  start 
in  farming  by  this  association  between 
October  1941  and  June  1942.  Previous 
to  this  period,  87  young  men  had  been 
_jranted  credit  to  begin  farming  for 
themselves.  Sixty  of  these  still  are  us¬ 
ing  the  services  of  the  association  to 
increase  production  for  victory.  Seven¬ 


teen  of  the  others  have  already  gotten 
in  a  financial  position  to  “go  on  their 
own”,  while  10  have  quit  farming. 
Seventy-nine  out  of  the  87  have  made 
satisfactory  records  in  repaying  their 
loans,  six  are  plugging  along  and  even 
on  the  two  unsatisfactory  loans,  little 
or  no  loss  has  been  sustained. 

A  record  like  this  doesn’t  just  hap¬ 
pen.  In  this  instance  it  can  be  ac¬ 
counted  for  in  W.  D.  Bromley,  the  Sec¬ 
retary-Treasurer  of  the  Association, 
and  a  board  of  directors  willing  to  go 
along  with  his  confidence  in  youth. 
The  Summers’  loan  indicates  that  the 
loan  committee  was  interested  in  young 
farmers  even  before  Mr.  Bromley  came 
with  the  organization  in  1937,  but  it 
was  his  enthusiasm  that  led  them  to 
really  go  in  for  this  type  of  service. 
The  fact  that  he  was  the  first  4-H  pig 
club  member  in  Maryland  may  have 
something  to  do  with  the  fact  that  half 
of  the  young  farmers  started  out  with 
loans  from  the  Frederick  Production 
Credit  Association  are  former  4-H  Club 
or  Future  Farmer  members. 

Other  stories  of  financial  success 
could  be  told  of  many  of  those  113 
young  farmers.  For  instance,  Henry 
Carter  over  in  Montgomery  County, 
who  used  credit  to  build  up  a  herd  of 
120  dairy  cattle  from  16  head  of  pure¬ 
bred  cows  and  heifers.  He  had  started 
in  dairy  work  as  a  4-H  Club  boy  of 
10  years  with  one  heifer  calf  and  de-'' 
veloped  his  stock  while  in  high  school 
and  college.  Or  Cletus  Bowman,  who 
began  by  getting  $100  with  which  to 
purchase  baby  chicks,  established  a  fine 
repayment  record  and  later  borrowed 
enough  to  buy  his  father’s  personal 
property,  repaid  this  ahead  of  time  and 
is  now  able  to  finance  himself.  Or  Wil¬ 
liam  Fouche,  only  22,  who  is  financed 
in  running  a  185-acre  dairy  farm  on  an 
income  share  basis,  and  heads  the 
Young  Peoples  Club  in  the  county. 

The  Production  Credit  Association 
has  conducted  this  program  on  a  selec¬ 
tive  basis.  In  all  cases,  the  secretary 
and  the  loan  committee  study  the  prob¬ 
lems  of  these  young  farmers,  advise 
them  on  the  use  of  credit,  and  avoid 
overloading  them  with  debt.  The 
youths  are  always  encouraged  to  start 
conservatively  and  expand  only  when 
they  are  ready  and  the  times  warrant. 
The  association  feels  that  this  policy 
is  not  only  proving  a  real  service  to 
the  young  men,  but  is  building  future 
business  for  the  organization. 


American  Agriculturist,  November  7,  1942 


11  (601) 


Long  Live  the  Cow! 


NOT  SO  many  years  ago  a  cow  with 
a  lifetime  record  of  100,000  lbs.  of 
milk  was  quite  a  curiosity.  They  are 
still  scarce  enough  to  be  worthy  of 
mention.  It  doesn’t  take  much  figur¬ 
ing  to  show  that  two  things  are  neces¬ 
sary  to  make  such  a  record — high  pro¬ 
duction  per  year  and  a  long  productive 
life.  It  is  the  second  of  these  two 
that  I  have  in  mind  right  now;  and, 
strangely  enough,  we  hear  far  less 
about  the  importance  of  long  life  than 
we  do  about  the  necessity  for  high 
yearly  production. 

The  average  productive  life  of  our 
dairy  cows  is  not  much  over  five  years. 
It  takes  two  years  to  grow  a  heifer  to 
producing  age,  so  that  for  2/7  of  her 
lifetime  she  is  an  expense  rather  than 
a  profit-maker.  When  we  add  to  that 
her  dry  periods,  which  certainly  will 
average  at  least  two  months  a  year,  it 
does  not  take  long  to  conclude  that  the 
longer  a  cow  can  stay  in  a  herd  and 
produce  profitably,  the  better  chance 
she  has  of  leaving  this  world  with  a 
balance  on  the  right  side  of  the  ledger. 

Obviously,  the  first  thing  a  cow  must 
have  to  live  long  and  profitably  is  the 
ability  for  satisfactory  milk  produc¬ 
tion.  Thousands  of  cows  are  sold,  not 
because  of  old  age,  but  because  records 
show  that  they  are  losing  money  for 
their  owners.  It  would  be  fitting  for 
such  a  cow  to  go  into  a  fit  of  depres¬ 
sion  and  say,  “It  would  have  been  bet¬ 
ter  if  I  had  never  been  born.”  „ 

The  second  requirement  for  a  long, 
useful  life  is  dairy  type.  The  com¬ 
ment,  “I  don’t  care  how  a  cow  looks  as 
long  as  she  gives  plenty  of  milk”,  is 
too  common.  Many  a  cow  of  poor  type 
has  produced  respectable  amounts  of 
milk  in  her  younger  days,  but  she  does 
not  have  what  it  takes  to  stay  on  the 
job  until  she  is  twelve  or  fifteen  years 
old. 

If  a  cow  wants  to  live  a  long,  useful 
life,  the  third  thing  to  consider  is  to 
pick  an  owner  who  keeps  records.  A 
good  many  promising  cows  have  been 
sold  because  the  owners  did  not  realize 
their  worth. 

Last,  but  by  no  means  least,  comes 


the  big  factor  of  disease  control.  A 
cow  may  have  a  very  high  inherited 
ability  to  produce  milk,  and  she  may 
have  the  body  type  that  will  let  her 
stick  on  the  job  for  years;  but  all  this 
is  of  little  use  if  contagious  abortion 
makes  her  a  non-breeder  or  if  mas¬ 
titis  ruins  her  udder. 

I  If  we  could  increase  the  average 
productive  life  of  dairy  cows  by  two 
years,  it  would  partially  plug  a  big 
hole  in  dairy  herd  costs.  It  is  some¬ 
thing  to  think  about. 

—  A.  A. — 

CARE  OF  THE  HERD  SIRE 

Based  on  the  oft  repeated  statement 
that  the  bull  is  half  the  herd,  he  often 
gets  too  little  attention.  The  best  way 
yet  found  to  keep  a  bull  is  to  have  a 
roomy,  sturdy  outdoor  pen,  with  access 
either  to  a  bull  pen  in  one  comer  of  the 
bam  or  to  a  small  building  used  for 
him  exclusively. 

A  good  bull  pen  can  be  built  with 
material  found  right  on  the  farm. 
Heavy  posts,  set  deep,  are  used,  and 
the  fence  itself  can  be  made  of  poles 
cut  in  the  woodlot  and  bolted  to  the 
posts.  The  ideal  .is  to  have  the  bull’s 
quarters  so  arranged  that  it  is  unneces¬ 
sary  for  anyone  to  enter  the  pen  ex¬ 
cept  when  he  is  stanchioned.  This  ar¬ 
rangement,  plus  a  ring  put  in  the  bull’s 
nose  when  he  is  a  year  old,  plus  a 
breeding  rack  with  a  swinging  gate, 
takes  the  risks  out  of  bull  handling. 

There  is  some  difference  of  opinion 
about  silage  for  the  herd  sire.  Some 
prefer  to  omit  it  entirely  from  the  ra¬ 
tion.  Others  agree  that  silage  should 
be  limited  to  20  lbs.  a  day.  Plenty  of 
good  hay  is  the  basis  of  the  ration,  plus 
around  4  lbs.  a  day  of  good  fitting  ra¬ 
tion.  The  aim  is  to  keep  the  bull  in 
good  condition  without  allowing  him  to 
become  fat. 

— a.  a. — 

Before  farm  machinery  is  put  away, 
all  fertilizer  should  be  cleaned  out  of 
grain  drills  or  other  planting  machin¬ 
ery.  Small  amounts  of  fertilizer  may 
result  in  corrosion  and  clogging  of  the 
distributing  system  at  planting  time. 


WELL  STARTED 


THESE  FOUR  students  in  New  York 
State  Departments  of  Vocational 
Agriculture  are  winners  in  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad  Future  Farmer 
Contest.  From  left  to  right,  they  are: 
Harry  Smith  of  Morrisville,  Roger 
Barber  of  Middleburg,  Roger  Gleason 
of  Groton,  Philip  Comings  of  Afton. 

Already  these  four  boys  have  ac¬ 
cumulated  property  varying  in  value 
from  $962  to  $3,015.  Harry  is  a  part¬ 
ner  in  the  home  farm.  He  owns  three 
purebred  cows,  a  yearling,  a  calf,  and 
a  bull,  and  has  built  a  three-story  lay¬ 
ing  house  for  his  hens.  Roger  Barber 


owns  two  purebred  cows,  two  calves, 
a  bunch  of  hens,  and  raises  potatoes. 

Roger  Gleason  has  developed  a  poul¬ 
try  business  on  the  home  farm,  owns 
two  Angus  cows,  and  raised  five  acres 
of  potatoes  this  summer.  Philip  and 
his  father  do  all  of  the  work  on  a  160- 
acre  farm  with  thirty  head  of  cattle. 
Philip  owns  eight  cows,  four  yearlings, 
and  three  calves. 

'All  of  these  boys,  plus  several  thou¬ 
sand  others  who  are  studying  Voca¬ 
tional  Agriculture,  are  doing  their  part 
in  maintaining  food  production. 


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(602)  12 


American  Agriculturist,  November  7,  1942 


CECAL  (OR  PIN)  WORMS 


For  Flock  Roundworming 


Wormy  hens  can't  lay  their  best.  Large  roundworms  often  grow  two  or  three 
inches  long.  As  many  as  70  have  been  taken  from  one  bird. 


WORM  WITH  DR.  SALSBURY’S  AVI-TON 
THE  FLOCK  ROUNDWORM  TREATMENT  With  Plus  Benefits 

Avi-Ton  also  gets  rid  of  cecal  or  pin  worms,  harmful  to  chickens  .  .  .  carriers 
of  dreaded  blackhead  in  turkeys. 

100%  Medicine 

Avi-Ton  contains  no  fillers  ;  oil  of  the  ingredients  are  active.  Contains  seven 
supportive  drugs  recognized  for  their  beneficial  effect  on  nutrition  and  digestive 
organs,  in  addition  to  those  that  get  the  worms.  Avi-Ton's  a  help  in  "toninq  up" 
your  flock. 

Inexpensive,  Easy  Flock  Treatment 

Avi-Ton  mixes  easily  in  wet  or  dry  mash.  Two  extra  eggs  per  bird  a  month 
more  than  pay  for  treatment.  No  wonder  Avi-Ton  is  used  by  experienced,  profit- 
minded  poultry  raisers. 

Don't  let  those  worms  steal  your  profits!  Get  genuine  Avi- 
Ton  from  your  Dr.  Salsbury  dealer — hatcherymen,  feed  deal¬ 
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BE  SURE  TO  GET  GENUINE  DR.  SALSBURY'S 

m  wj*T  o  j'j 


The  FLOCK  ROUNP-WORMER  with  PLUS  BENEFITS 


( Continued  from  Page  6) 

roosts?  We  are  trying  to  prevent 
breast  blisters.  So  far,  there  has  been 
no  trouble  of  that  sort. 

At  fifteen  weeks  of  age,  one  of  the 
largest  roosters  weighed  five  and  a 
quarter  pounds.  Two  hundred  of  them 
averaged  just  over,  four  pounds  each. 
Many  of  the  pullets  won’t  weigh  over 
three  pounds.  We  will  feed  them  a 
few  weeks  longer,  and  possibly  will 
keep  some  of  them  for  layers.  They 
are  a  handsome  lot. 

These  birds  have  been  grown  on  a 
mash  in  which  soybean  oil  meal  had 
replaced  most  of  the  meat  scrap  and 
fish  meal.  All  poultry  mashes,  both 
for  growth  and  for  laying,  soon  will 
carry  much  more  soybean  oil  meal  and 
much  less  animal  feeds.  I  am  confident 
that  no  one  need  be  afraid  to  feed 
them. 

*  *  * 

Cleaning  the  Brooder 
House 

For  two  years  our  chick-starting 
room  over  the  g  a  r  a  g  e  has  been  a 
storage  place  for  unused  equipment. 
Before  that  a  flock  of  Red  hens  had 
spent  a  winter  there.  When  I  started 
one  day  recently  to  get  the  place  ready 
for  broiler  chicks  I  discovered  that  on¬ 
ly  the  loose  litter  had  been  cleaned  out 
after  the  hens  left.  I  figured  that  I 
would  have  the  place  ready  in  a  couple 
of  hours.  I  spent  at  least  six  hours  on 
it,  hired  a  boy  to  help  me  for  three 
hours,  and  still  it  was  nowhere  near 
ready. 

Scrape,  sweep,  scrub,  spray,  that  is 
the  4-S  formula  for  getting  a  brooder 
house  ready  for  chicks.  After  my  ex¬ 
perience  I  must  add  “soak”,  and  (if 
you  are  that  kind  of  a  person)  “swear.” 

The  sweeping  had  been  done.  We 
started  to  scrape.  Neither  shovels, 
hoes  nor  sidewalk  scrapers  would  loos¬ 
en  that  dried-on  coating  of  fertility 
mingled  with  straw.  We  quit  in  per¬ 
spiration.  Then  we  found  a  use  for 
holey  burlap  sacks.  We  immersed 
them  in  water  and  spread  them  to  com¬ 
pletely  cover  the  floor.  The  sacks  were 
kept  soaked  by  adding  water  until 
next  day.  Even  then  some  spots  re¬ 
fused  to  yield,  and  were  given  another 
soaking.  It  was  a  little  hard  on  some 
of  the  stuff  downstairs. 


ly  packed  under  the  shelters  for  any 
length  of  time. 

Only  suggestion  advanced  by  some 
flock  owners  is  to  locate  ranges  among 
trees  where  the  disturbance  of  the 
planes  would  be  less  noticeable  than  in 
the  open.  This  sort  of  location,  how¬ 
ever,  is  admittedly  not  so  desirable  as 
open  range  because  of  sanitary  and 
other  reasons. 

—  A.  A. — 

BLACKOUTS 

Chickens  must  comply  with  black¬ 
out  regulations,  rules  New  Jersey  Civil 
Defense  authorities.  County  Agent 
George  Lamb,  Gloucester  County,  has 
advised  all  poultrymen  in  his  county 
that  shades  must  be  closely  drawn  or 
lights  turned  out  during  blackout  per¬ 
iods.  Latest  advice  from  Agricultural 
College  is  that  if  lights  are  to  be  used, 
ten  o’clock  and  midnight  snacks  are 
out. 

Professor  Leslie  Platt  of  extension 
service  has  been  doing  some  pencil 
work  on  merits  of  lights  on  chickens 
and  his  deductions  have  an  important 
bearing  on  blackouts  and  midnight 
lunches  for  layers.  Says  Mr.  Platt, 
records  compiled  at  New  Jersey  Egg 
Laying  Contests  in  1941  show  that 
hens  given  midnight  lunches  laid  an 
average  of  195.5  eggs  per  bird,  while 
those  who  went  to  bed  at  sundown  and 
had  a  good  night’s  rest  as  old  fashion¬ 
ed  hens  used  to  do,  lay  192.8  eggs  each. 

On  a  strictly  cash  basis,  hens  that 
were  given  a  good  night’s  rest  turned 
in  9.2  cents  fewer  pennies  per  year, 
but  6  per  cent  more  hens  outlived  those 
that  were  pampered  with  midnight 
lunches  and  had  nights  of  broken  rest. 

—a.  a. — 

PREVENTION 

Preventive  measures  against  cocci- 
diosis  should  be  considered  before  the 
chicks  are  started.  Early  recognition, 
segregation  of  affected  individuals,  and 
prompt  initiation  of  corrective  meas¬ 
ures  may  be  of  great  assistance  in  re-, 
ducing  the  severity  of  an  outbreak  of 
coccidiosis. 

Recent  information  suggests  that  the 
addition  of  5  pounds  of  flowers  of  sul¬ 
phur  and  5  pounds  of  No.  10  hard¬ 
wood  charcoal  to  90  pounds  of  mash, 

( Continued  on  opposite  page) 


WHITFftOCK 

>12.  too 


B  BABY 

J  CHICKS 


I 


All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders. 
100%  State  Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube 
Agglut  TOLMAN’S  ROCKS  famous  for 
RAPID  GROWTH,  EARLY  MATURITY, 
Profitable  EGG  YIELD.  Ideal  combination 
bird  for  broilers,  roasters  or  market  eggs. 
Send  for  FREE  Circular. 

I  SPECIALIZE  ONE  BREED.  ONE 
GRADE  at  ONE  PRICE. 

Dept.  B. 

ROCKLAND 
MASS. 


TOLMAH 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


per  100 

per  100 

$16.00 

$3.00 

16.00 

3.00 

13.00 

10.00 

13.00 

10.00 

15.00 

12.00 

16.00 

10.00 

l 9  no  sex  guar. 

Hatches  Mon.-Tues.-Wed.-Thurs.  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ $9.00 

Black  or  White  Minorcas _ 9.00 

15.  &  W.  Rox,  R.  I.  Reds.  W.  W.v. _  10.00 
Red-Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross-- 10.00 

Jersey  White  Giants _ 12.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAA  SUP. ) _  12.00 
II  Mix  $9;  HEAVY  BROILER  CHI... 

$8.50:  Breeders  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D.,  100  %  live 
del.  Post  Pd.  AMUR.  SEXORS  ONLY  95%  Accuracy. 
C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY.  Box  A.  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


CLEAR  SPRING  CHICKS 


95%  Guar.  Pullets  Str.  Pult's  Ckls. 

100%  live  del.  100  100  100 

Our  Famous  Hanson  Leghorns _ $11.00  $18.00  $6.00 

Large  Type  English  Leghorns _  10.00  17.00  6.00 

Bar.  Rocks  &  R.  I.  Reds _  11.00  13.00  11.00 

W.  Rox,  N.  H.  Reds,  Red-Rock  Cr.  12.00  14.00  12.00 

Heavy  Mixed  -  10.00  _  10.00 

All  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Postpaid.  1942  Catalog  FREE 
CLEAR  SPRING  HATCHERY, 

F.  B.  LEISTER,  Owner.  Box  51,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


Sec.  of  Agriculture  Wickaru  Has  asked  you  poul¬ 
trymen  to  produce  an  additional  200  million 
chicks  for  eggs  and  meat  to  meet  our  wartime 
civilian  needs.  We  can  do  it! 

...  BUT  LET’S  DO  IT  PROFITABLY 

Stop  and  think  before  you  buy  your  chicks! 

If  you  put  money  in  a  bank,  you  are  not  satis¬ 
fied  with  interest  at  1%  if  you  can  get  2%  or 
more.  Between  a  risk  and  a  safe  investment  you 
want  safety  with  the  best  return.  FOLLOW  THE 
SAME  RULE  WHEN  YOU  INVEST  IN  BABY 
CHICKS.  Hall  Chicks  will  pay  good  returns  be¬ 
cause  they  come  from  flocks  bred  for  PROFIT. 
Safe  because  they  come  from  Pullorum  Free  flocks. 
For  a  good  return  on  your  money — BUY  HALL’S 
CHICKS — get  the  kind  that  fits 
i  \  your  purpose.  We 

"  ■  |  hatch  chicks  of  6 

Purebreeds  and  4 
H  allcrosses,  shipped 
prepaid  and  Guar¬ 
anteed  100%  Live 
Delivery.  Send  for 
mcc  /  FREE  CATALOG 

LCATALOG^-  ant*  ORDER  NOW. 


HALL  BROTHERS  HATCHERY,  INC. 

BOX5?  ,  WALLINGFORD,  CONN. 


PULLETS  W.  Leghorns,  all  tested,  healt 
■  w  "  range  grown,  4% -5%  mo.  c 

large  type,  production  bred,  prompt  delivery.  Prii 
fair  —  our  50th  year. 

PINE  TREE  HATCHERY  &  FARM,  STOCKTON,  N 


Wh 


en  answering  advertisements,  say  you  saw  it  American  Agriculturist. 


Never  Again  I  Hope 

I  have  made  a  resolution.  When  the 
place  is  cleaned  and  dried  and  sprayed 
I  will  apply  a  liberal  coat  of  old  crank¬ 
case  oil.  I  have  been  told  that  that 
will  keep  the  stuff  from  sticking.  I 
didn’t  read  it  in  a  bulletin.  It  may  not 
work.  If  it  doesn’t  I  will  try  carbo- 
lineum  next  time. 

Another  anti-stick  remedy  that  has 
been  suggested  is  sand.  It  sounds  all 
right.  I  am  sure  it  helps  keep  the 
litter  dry.  Perhaps  here  is  a  two- 
purpose  bet  that  many  are  missing. 
We  don’t  have  a  sand  bank  on  our 
place,  and  since  we  are  on  a  semi- 
experimental  basis  I  am  trying  only 
one  thing  at  a  time. 

—  a.  a. — 

AIRCRAFT  AFFECT 
EGG  LAY 

Zooming  aircraft  in  the  vicinity  of 
poultry  plants  are  doing  a  good  job 
in  training  pilots  for  their  all  impor¬ 
tant  war  job,  but  hens  and  pullets  are 
getting  the  scare  of  their  lives.  Warn¬ 
ed  by  instinct  to  be  ever  watchful  for 
hawks  or  other  birds  of  prey,  and 
naturally  frightened  by  the  terrific 
noise  and  air  vibration  they  are  con¬ 
stantly  scurrying  for  cover  as  the 
planes  approach. 

Most  poultrymen  feel  that  this  is 
having  a  material  effect  on  the  egg 
production  of  the  frightened  birds. 
There  is  also  danger  that  young  stock 
may  be  smothered  if  they  huddle  close- 


Baby  ^  Chicks 


Better  breeding  means 
heavier  production  of  meat  and  eggs. 

20  years  breeding.  18.000  Breeders — 

N.  H. -U.  S.  approved  Pullorum  clean. 

New  Hainpshires  and  Crossbreds.  Write 
Moul’s  Brentwood  Poultry  Farms,  Box  A,  Exeter,  N. 


Chicks  That  Live 


Our  34  years  of  fair  dealing  insure 
satisfaction.  Hatches  every  week. 
Write  for  prices. 

KERR  CHICKERIES,  Inc. 

21  Railroad  Ave.  Frenchtown,  N.  J. 


Wen e  Chicks 

BROILERS  —  ROASTERS  —  EGGS 


II  S  Extra  profits  from  Wene  It.O.  P.  Sired  Chicks 

w.  w.  aeon  _jnsurwi  thru  ni-st  14  days — any  loss  re- 
n Itches  Every  phtced  fullv  without  charge.  We  specialize 
Week  in  ehieks  from  HEN  BREEDERS.  leading 
Year  Around  purobreds  and  crossbreeds.  Bloodtested. 
Capacity  1,800,000  eggs.  Write  for  FREE  LITERATURE 
WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  Dept.  M -4.  VINE:  AND,  N.  J- 


CHICK 

.j  ALMANAC - _ r- 

■»-  Has  115  pictures,  33  articles; 
—  lowest  prices  leading  breeds  chicks, 
r  also  day-old  pullets,  males  and  hybrids. 
World’s  largest  chick  nrodueer.  COLONIAL 


FREE! 


To  profit  by  our  guarantee,  be  sure  to 
mention  American  Agriculturist  when  you 
write  to  advertisers. 


American  Agriculturist,  November  7,  1942 


13  (  603) 


CYou,too,can 

)  LOTS  of  EGGS 
(j-thfs  winter  /" 

follow  this  Common  Sense 
Flock  Protection  Plan 
throughout  Cold  Months 

Uncle  Sam  has  asked  for 
another  tremendous  in¬ 
crease  in  egg  production 
this  winter.  Now,  more 
than  ever  before,  it’s  your 
job  to  “keep  ’em  laying” 
steadily  throughout 
winter  months.  Cold 
weather  need  not  cut 
flock  efficiency.  If 
your  birds  are  of 
good  laying  strain, 
there  is  no  reason 
why  you  should  not 
get  good  egg  produc¬ 
tion,  providing  you 
keep  them  in  good 
condition  and  give 
them  good  care. 

1.  Guard  against  CROP 
and  BOWEL  TROUBLES  with 
GERMOZONE  «  for  pullets  and  adult  birds  both 

GERMOZONE  is  just  as  important  and  valu¬ 
able  for  pullets  and  adult  birds  as  it  is  for  chicks. 
And  this  winter  it  is  more  important  than  ever 
to  give  your  layers  the  benefit  of  Triple  Action 
GERMOZONE.  First,  it  works  in  the  drink; 
Second,  in  the  crop;  Third,  in  the  intestines.  12 
oz.,  bottle,  75c;  Economy  Size,  gallon,  $4.50. 

2.  Costly  colds  cut  egg  production 

When  you  notice  wet  beaks  or  wheezing,  get 
busy  quickly.  Use  either  of  these  convenient, 
tested  treatments. 

Put  LEEMULSION  In  the  Drink 
Helps  prevent  spread;  relieves  symptoms. 
Works  much  like  a  cough  medicine  for  people. 
Use  alone,  or  in  severe  cases  with  VAPO-SPRAY. 
Spray  with  VAPO-SPRAY 
Over  heads  of  birds.  Quick!  Easy  I  High  in 
antiseptic  and  inhalant  value.  Get  VAPO-SPRAY 
or  Leemulsion  NOW,  and  be  prepared. 

3.  Condition  birds  with  TON  AX  tonic-appetizor 
Run-down  hens  can’t  lay  their  best!  Give  your 

layers  TONAX  in  their  mash.  Contains  mild  as¬ 
tringents;  also  blood  building  elements.  Provides 
trace  minerals  and  reliable  stimulants.  2  lb.  can, 
enough  for  200  lbs.  of  mash,  75c.  Economy 
Sizes,  25  lb.  pail,  $7.50;  100  lb.  drum,  $25.00. 
At  your  Lee  Dealer,  or  postpaid  from 
GEO.  H.  LEE  COMPANY  -  •  Omaha,  Nebraska 


Is  your  flock  up  to  par?  Feed  forti¬ 
fied  with  Avi-Tab  helps  birds  do  bet¬ 
ter  .  .  .  get  more  out  of  feed.  Avi- 
Tab  contains  nine  drugs  .  .  .  tonics 
.  .  .  stimulants  .  .  .  correctives. 

Practical  treatment  for  Mycosis.  Get 
genuine  Avi-Tab,  or  feed  fortified 
with  Avi-Tab,  from  your  Dr.  Sals- 
bury  dealer.  See  offer  below. 


FREE! 


"ROLL-RITE" 
GLASS  ROLLING  PIN 

Be  sure  of  tender,  flaky  pastries! 
You  can  fill  “Roll-Rite”  with  cold 
water,  keep  dough  chilled  before 
baking.  Endorsed  by  professional 
chefs.  Free,  with  purchase  of 
1  lb.  of  Avi-Tab,  at  your  deal¬ 
er’s  .  .  .  while  quantities  last! 

OR.  SALSBURY’S  LABORATORIES 

Charles  City,  Iowa 


WENE  unlicensed  VACCINES 


Lifetime  Protection  Aqainst 
■  ♦TRACHEITIS  &  FOWL  P OX> 

)  Safeguard  your  investment  and  profits.  Easy,/»*.-A>^ 
quick  vaccination  costs  less  than  one  egg  P®r 
;  bird.  No  physical  setback.  Full  instructions  xfcK'o'v' 
furnished.  Write  for  free  book  on  poultry  diseases. 

Wene  Poultry  Laboratories,  Dept.VM4«  Vineland,  N.  J. 


Army  Horse  Blankets,  Street  or  Cooling 

(84x90).  Also  stable  blankets,  canvas  cover  blanket 
lined.  $3.25.  Rust  preventing  compound  a  gallon  can  30c. 

PAUL  TAVETIAN,  61  Rutger  St.,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


TIME  WELL  SPENT 

Time  taken  to  read  the  advertise¬ 
ments  in  AMERICAN  AGRICUL¬ 
TURIST  is  time  well  spent — for  there 
is  no  better  way  to  keep  well  inform¬ 
ed  on  new  things  on  the  market, 
what  to  buy  at  what  price  and  where 
to  go  to  get  what  you  want.  When 
you  answer  an  “ad”,  be  sure  to  men¬ 
tion  the  name  of 

American  Agriculturist 


if  fed  when  an  outbreak  of  cecal 
(bloody)  coceidiosis  first  starts  and 
continued  for  about  a  week,  may  be 
of  value  in  preventing  severe  out¬ 
breaks.  The  feeding  of  sulphur  has  no 
value  in  curing  infected  chicks  and 
should  not  be  considered  a  substitute 
for  sanitation.  —  Department  of  Vet¬ 
erinary  Science ,  Massachusetts  State 
College  of  Agriculture. 

COLDS 

Is  potassium  manganate  in  the  drink¬ 
ing  water  a  cure  for  colds? 

No.  Using  enough  potassium  man¬ 
ganate  crystals  in  the  drinking  water 
to  make  it  a  deep  wine  color  is  a  dis¬ 
infectant  which  tends  to  kill  the  bac¬ 
teria  which  affected  birds  may  leave  in 
the  water,  thus  preventing  spread  to 
other  individuals.  It  is  advisable  to  use 
this  in  an  earthenware  container,  and 
it  should  be  changed  whenever  it  be¬ 
comes  brown  in  color. 

— a.  a. — 

WORKERS — TOOLS — 
PRICES— SUPPLIES 

( Continued  from  Page  1) 
that  cannot  be  repaired  and  to  take 
the  place  of  men  that  have  left  the 
farms. 

PRICE! 

With  a  product  so  absolutely  essen¬ 
tial  as  food,  let’s  encourage  its  produc¬ 
tion  by  allowing  prices  which  will  en¬ 
able  a  farmer  to  compete  for  help  in 
the  labor  market.  In  the  perilous  days 
ahead,  the  amount  of  food  is  more  im¬ 
portant  than  its  price.  Farmers  are 

quite  as  much  concerned  as  any  group 
over  the  dangers  of  runaway  inflation, 
but  neither  do  they  want  a  situation 
which  forces  them  to  reduce  production 
at  a  time  when  food  is  so  badly  needed. 

Food  prices  are  not  high.  As  Ed 

Foster  pointed  out  on  page  22  of  the 
October  24  issue,  there  never  has  been 
a  time  in  the  history  of  this  country 
when  so  small  a  percentage  of  the  pay 
envelope  of  the  New  York  factory 
worker  has  been  required  to  buy  food 
for  the  family. 

FERTILIZER 

Nitrogen  is  one  of  the  important  ele¬ 
ments  in  explosives.  It  is  also  an  im¬ 
portant  ingredient  of  fertilizers.  Natur¬ 
ally,  the  use  of  nitrogen  on  the  land 
must  be  limited,  and  farmers  have  no 
quarrel  with  that  principle.  If  the  sup¬ 
plying  of  commercial  fertilizer  to  farm¬ 
ers  is  handled  as  well  as  it  has  been  in 
the  past,  the  shortage  of  fertilizer  will 
not  seriously  hamper  food  production. 
Farmers  will  meet  the  situation  by 
spreading  farm  manure  thinner,  by  us¬ 
ing  superphosphate,  and  by  growing 
green  manure  crops  to  turn  under. 

To  sum  up  the  situation,  here  is 
what  we  ask  for:  first,  definite  plan¬ 
ning.  In  addition  to  setting  goals  for 
food  production,  there  must  be  .some 
study  of  what  farmers  will  need  to 
reach  these  goals  and  definite,  vigor¬ 
ous  action  to  see  that  they  get  what  is 
needed. 

Right  now  the  bottlenecks  are  farm 
labor,  farm  machinery,  farm  prices.  All 
are  important;  but  of  the  £hree,  the  one 
which  needs  first  attention  and  the 
thought  of  the  best  men  in  the  country 
is  the  problem  of  keeping  a  sufficient 
number  of  trained  men  on  our  farms. 
What,  for  example,  will  you  as  a  farm¬ 
er  need  in  the  way  of  farm  labor,  equip¬ 
ment,  supplies  and  prices  in  order  to 
maintain  your  production  at  this  year’s 
level?  You,  and  others  who  know  what 
it  takes  to  produce  food,  will  fail  in 
your  duty  to  this  great  country  if  you 
neglect  to  stress  the  danger  of  a  ser¬ 
ious  food  shortage.  We  know  you  are 
working  long  hours,  but  you  can  help 
the  editors  of  American  Agriculturist 
to  help  you  in  this  fight  for  adequate 
food  production.  Write  us,  now,  and  tell 
us  how  it  can  be  done. 


This  farmer  is 
pitching  in  to 
keep  him  fed — 


This  Sinclair  man  is 
one  of  many  hundreds 
of  Sinclair  Agents 
who  can  help  farmers 
by  supplying  the 
correct  fuels  and 
lubricants  to  keep 
farm  machinery 
running. 


This  U. S.  soldier 
wears  the  new 
combat  helmet. 

To  fight  he 
has  to  eat— 


WITH  WAR  NEEDS  calling  for  the  largest  crops  in 
our  nation's  history,  with  new  equipment  hard  to 
get  and  farm  labor  scarce,  your  present  farm 
equipment  must  not  fail.  To  guard  against 
breakdowns,  use  Sinclair  lubricants  and  fuels. 
Trucks  deliver  Sinclair  products  direct  to  farms. 
Phone  or  write  your  nearest  Sinclair  agent. 


Motor  Oils... Tractor  Fuels... Distillate,  Kerosene,  Gasoline... Cup  and 
Axle  Grease... Cream  Separator  Oils... Harvester  Oil... Gear  &  Chassis 
Lubricants.. .Pressure  System  Grease... P.  D.  Insect  Spray. ..Stock  Spray 


CARE  FOR  YOUR  CAR  -  FOR  YOUR  COUNTRY 


Use  this  handy  BABY  CHICK  order  form 

FILL  OUT  AND  PASTE  ON  GOVERNMENT  POST  CARD 

□  Please  send  me  your  latest  price  list,  catalog  or  circular. 

□  Please  ship  C.O.D.  □  Express  □  Parcel  Post 

No.  Description  Each  Total 


I  understand  your  guarantee  is  as  per  your  recent  advertisement 
in  American  Agriculturist. 

Signed  . . 

Address  . . 

R.D.  or  St.  City  or  Town  State 


f 


-f 


(604)  14 


American  Agriculturist,  November  7,  1942 


J^ositlieaAi  ManJzeti  jpsi  J\! osdUeaAt  Pnadlluce'U 


"American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page 


99 


HOLSTEIN 


TRY  “WAIT  FARMS”  FIRST 

(or  your  next  Herd  Sire.  We  specialize  on  Type  and 
Production.  2  Gold  Medal  Herd  Sires.  2  Silver  Medal. 
Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  ’".'USC  rRy"s' 


ORCHARD  HILL  STOCK  FARM 

offers  for  sale  Carnation  bred  bulls  of  excellent  type 
from  high  producing  dams  and  sired  by 
Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

M.  R.  Klock  &  Son,  Fort  Plain,  N.  Y. 


For  Sale:  REGISTERED  HOLSTEINS 

Will  sell  30  head.  Your  choice  of  115.  Herd  average 
3.75%  fat  last  eighteen  months.  Many  splendid  fami¬ 
lies  that  combine  snow  quality  with  high  production. 
Some  high  quality  young  bulls,  excellent  show  prospects. 
PAUL  SMITH,  NEWARK  VALLEY.  NEW  YORK. 


ALL  AGES,  BY  EXTRA 
WELL  BRED  SIRES,  FROM 
COWS  WITH  GOOD  C.TA. 
RECORDS. 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 


For  Sale:  Two  Registered  Holstein  Bulls 

Accredited,  blood  tested,  eighteen  months  old. 

A  few  heifers  ready  to  freshen  for  first  time. 

A  few  good  heifer  calves. 

Thomas  J.  Lonergan,  Homer,  N.  Y. 


G.  B.  Pierce,  Box  42,  Paxton,  Mass. 


WANTED  —  HOLSTEIN  HEIFERS 

ONE  OR  TWO  YEAR  OLD. 

Bred  or  Open. 

IN  LOTS  OF  TEN  OR  MORE. 

DAVENPORT  FARMS 

ACCORD,  NEW  YORK 


GUERNSEY _ 

365  HEAD  FEDERAL 
ACCREDITED  NEGATIVE 

FOR  SALE:  Young  bulls  and  a  few 
heifer  calves  closely  related  to  Tarbell 
Farms  Peerless  Margo,  18501  lbs.  Milk, 
1013  lbs.  Fat,  World’s  Champion  Jr. 
3  year  old,  also  to  Tarbell  Farms  Royal 
Lenda  20508  lbs.  Milk,  1109  lbs.  Fat, 
World’s  Champion  Jr.  4  year  old. 
Visitors  Welcome.  Full  information 
furnished  on  request. 


Tarbell 

Guernsey 

Farms 

Smith  ville 
Flats,  N.Y. 


For  Sale:  Registered  Guernsey  Bulls. 

READY  FOR  SERVICE,  FROM  600  LB.  DAMS, 
FEW  HEIFERS  UNDER  ONE  YEAR. 

Price  reasonable  (a  good  time  to  buy). 

Lake  Delaware  Farms,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 


For  Sale:  Registered  Guernsey  Bull. 

4  YEARS  OLD  — SEQUEL  BREEDING. 

Must  sacrifice  to  prevent  inbreeding. 

G.  D.  Banta,  Jr.,  &  Sons,  una°diilla?c^l’y. 


JERSEYS 


FOR  SALE:  PUREBRED  JERSEYS. 

Vaccinated  as  calves;  now  negative  on  Bangs  test. 
Accredited  herd.  Sybil  breeding  from  famous  Ogden 
Mills  Herd.  Herd  sire  a  grandson  of  Sociable  Sybil. 
Reasonably  priced. 

B.  W.  MURRAY,  Campbell  Hall,  Orange  County,  N.Y. 


AYRSHIRE 


Registered  Ayrshire  Bull  Calves 

several  are  out  of  400  lb.  dams  and  are  sired  by 
outstanding  herd  sires. 

Write  for  sale  list,  priced  to  sell. 

Gould  Dale  Farm,  South  Kortright,  N.Y. 


sale :  REGISTERED  AYRSHIRE  BULL 

13  mo.  old.  Sired  by  Woodhill  Star  Tony.  Dam  is 
10,000  lb.  m.,  400  lb.  f.  cow.  Backed  by  five  proven 
sires.  Accredited,  Blood  Tested  4-H  Herd. 
ROBERT  C.  SUTER, 

131  BLAIR  ST.,  >  ITHACA,  NEW  YORK 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.U.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEINS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 


ARERHEEN- ANGUS 


REGISTERED  ANGUS  COWS 

SEVERAL  GOOD  COWS,  BRED  TO  A  SON  OF 
QUALITEER  OF  SUNBEAM,  ACCREDITED  AND 
BANGS  FREE. 

J.  A.  DICKERMAN,  ITRHAF&  \ 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  yofi  saw 
It  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


SRORTUORNS 

DOGS 

POULTRY 

Purebred  Dual  Purpose  Shorthorn  Bulls 

BEST  FOB  THE  GENERAL  FARMER. 
Tell  us  the  age  you  desire. 

WM.  J.  BREW  &  SONS,  Bergen,  N.  Y. 

POULTRYMEN  ATTENTION  ! 
German  Shepherd  Puppies 

WILL  MAKE  EFFICIENT  WATCH  DOGS. 

Dark  and  light  wolf  grey.  Cosalta  Breeding.  Born  Aug. 
29.  Not  Registered.  Price  $25.00.  Will  be  sold  with 
temporary  distemper  innoculation. 

I.  W.  INGALLS,  R.  D.  No.  3, 
Trumansburg,  —  N.  Y. 

EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

YOUNG  BREEDING  COCKERELS  AVAILABLE. 
ORDER  NOW. 

James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  TrumanBs°bXurgA'  n.  y. 

Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS,  R.  1.  REDS,  NEW 
HAMPSHIRES,  BARRED  CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

HORSES 

FOR  SALE:  1  Pair  3^Yr.  Old  Colts 

2200  pounds  and  still  growing.  One  Chestnut  and  one 
black.  $100.00  each.  Guaranteed  sound. 

J.  Bordonaro,  R.F.D.  3,  Eden,  N.  Y. 

LOCAL  ADDRESS,  NEW  OREGON, 

COCKER  SPANIEL  PUPS 

AKC  —  All  Colors  —  3  Litters 
Edna  Gladstone,  Andes,  N.  Y. 

SHEEP 

USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT 

The  McGregor  farm 

PLEASANT  RIDGE  STOCK  FARM 

are  offering  the  best  lot  of  one  and  two  year  rams. 
Shropshires,  Southdowns,  Dorsets,  Rambouillets,  Chevi¬ 
ots,  Suffolk  ^nd  Hampshires.  Thanks  for  past  patronage. 

G.  D.  &  B.  S.  Townsend,  |nterlaRken,D  'n.  Y. 

TRACTOR  ON  RUBBER 

NEW  CONDITION  —  WITH  CULTIVATORS  — 
PLOWS,  OTHER  FARM  TOOLS. 

M.  L.  ROSS,  R.D.  1,  HIMROD,  N.  Y. 

S«  Cm  White  Leghorns — 50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 
THE  McGREGOR  FARM.  Box  A,  MAINE,  N.  Y. 

RICH  POULTRY  FARMS 

Leghorns  prrogenn"te<Tosated  Reds 

FOR  SALE 

MISCELLANEOUS 

TWO  EXTRA  NICE  RAM  LAMBS 

One  is  purebred  Dorset  sired  by  Cornell  ram 
and  other  is  Southdown  sired  by  Hutchings  ram 
from  my  4-H  flock.  Priced  reasonably.  Flock  lo¬ 
cated  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 

Arnold  R.  Fisher,  Herd  Manager, 

Churn  Creek  Farms,  Worton,  Md. 

REPAIR  PARTS  FOR  LIGHT  PLANTS 

Delco,  Westinghouse,  Stearms,  Western  Electric, 
Fuller  Johnson,  Phelps,  National. 

Also  FARM  LIGHT  BATTERIES. 

Republic  Electric  Company,  DAViE0Nwa  RT' 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND— 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS.  12,000  BIRDS— 

Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list  Also  de- 
scribes  our  method  of  growing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 

HONEY 

FAR3IS  FOR  SALE 

SWINE 

H 

F. 

AUPllf  60  LBS  BEST  CLOVER,  $8.40. 

■  ■■Ill  WO  BUCKWHEAT.  $7.20. 

ylft  1  B  MIXED,  $7.20. 

SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED 

W.  LESSER,  Fayetteville,  N.  Y. 

HANDY  OPERATING  FARM 

88  Acres,  about  77  for  crops,  12-cow  pasture  watered 
by  springs,  wood,  variety  fruit;  good  6  rooms,  water  in 
kitchen;  lovely  view;  30x36  basement  barn,  hay  fork, 
horse  barn,  granary,  housing  for  600  hens;  on  macadam 
highway,  handy  villages  and  industrial  cities;  “snap”  at 
$1700  including  horse,  3  cows,  about  50  hens,  machin- 
ery;  terms,  pg.  36  Big  Catalog.  Write  for  Free  Copy. 

STROUT  REALTY 

255-R  4th  Ave.,  New  York  City, 

Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 

POULTRY 

PIGS  AND  SHOATS 

FOR  SALE 

Provide  your  family’s  meat  supply.  Buy  pigs  to  fat¬ 
ten  and  butcher  in  Spring.  Get  them  started  before 
winter.  Make  them  weigh  200  lbs.  by  Spring.  Poland 
Chinas.  Berks,  and  cross  brcds.  6  weeks,  $6.00  each; 

8  weeks,  $7;  10  weeks,  $8;  12  weeks,  40  to  50  lbs., 
$l|  each.  Crated,  castrated,  serum  vaccinated.  Breed¬ 
ers,  $1  each  extra.  Mail  order  to 

C.  STANLEY  SHORT,  Cheswold,  Del. 

Walter  Rich’s 

Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 

FOR  SALE: 

300  Acres  consisting  of  two  farms, 

first  class  buildings,  spring  water,  electricity  and 
sewerage  in  every  building.  On  the  shore  of 
Lake  Cuba,  Cuba,  N.  Y.  One  of  the  most  beau¬ 
tiful  lakes  in  the  U.  S.,  1700  ft.  elevation.  Cor¬ 
respondence  solicited. 

J.  F.  OLIVE,  Cuba  Lake,  Cuba,  N.  Y. 

1 

a 

ii 

1 

\ 

Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAMPSHIRES, 
BARRED  ROCKS,  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
:  takes  high  quality  stock  to  produce  the  extra  eggs 
nd  meat  needed  in  times  like  these.  Mapes  stock 
famous  for  quick  growth  and  heavy  production. 
00%  Pullorum  free.  Write  for  folder  and  prices. 

/ILLIAM  S.  MAPES,  MtddiBownA'N  v 

HAMPSHIRES 

Sows,  boars  and  pigs,  pedigreed  and  registered  offered 
for  sale;  also  feeder  pigs.  Century  HI  Roller  breeding. 

Ashridge,  South  Kortright,  N.  Y. 

NIAGARA  COUNTY  FARM 

NEAR  LOCKPORT.  Improved  road.  10-room  house, 
running  water,  bath,  electricity;  barn  32x70;  hen¬ 
house  for  500  hens;  buildings  recently  repaired  and 
painted.  92-Acres,  72  tillable,  suitable  for  fruit,  cash 
crops  and  livestock.  Price  $8500. 

FEDERAL  LAND  BANK 

SPRINGFIELD,  MASS. 

Quality  Poland  China  Breeding  Stock. 

Hardy  Herd — See  it.  Now  offering,  Rugged  250  pound 
fall  gilts,  BRED  to  world’s  Premier  boar  “Glamour 
Boy.’’  Reserve  Junior  Champion,  Iowa  State  Fair,  1941, 
for  late  summer  and  early  fall  litters. 
GREENFIELD  FARMS  TIFFIN,  OHIO. 

CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 

FOR  SALE— 10  ROOM  HOUSE, 

Barn,  garage,  and  hen  house,  1  acre  of  land,  build¬ 
ings  in  good  condition,  also  several  fruit  trees  and 
berries.  Located  on  lower  East  Main  Street,  near 
D.  L.  &  W.  Depot,  Earlville,  New  York.  Price  $1900. 
MRS.  WILLIAM  FAGAN. 

Registered  Poland  China  Boar  Pigs, 

BORN  JULY  22.  SIRED  BY  “GLAMOUR  BOY”,  RE¬ 
SERVE  JUNIOR  CHAMPION  IOWA  STATE  FAIR  1941. 

HENRY  KELLETT,  DEPOSIT,  N.  Y. 

BOOINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGH0RHS 

One  of  New  York’s  U.  S.  It.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
List  describing  our  Leghorns,  Beds,  and 
crossbreds. 

Eli  H.  Bodine,  Box  28,  Chemung,  N.  Y. 

HELP  WANTED 

BLACK  POLAND  CHINA  PIGS 

AND  SERVICE  BOARS,  INOCULATED. 

LARGE  STOCK. 

C.  HILLMAN,  VINCENTOWN,  N.  J. 

WANTED  — 

Man  for  Profitable  Rawleigh  Route. 

Must  be  satisfied  with  good  living  at  start. 

Wrilp  Ra wlpicrh  fn  Deot  K-I0I-AGR, 

wrue  wawieign  l-o.,  Albany,  new  york 

50— REGISTERED  HAMPSHIRES— 50 

Pure  Bred  Pigs  —  Either  Sex. 

D.  L.  STUMBO,  HEMLOCK,  N.  Y. 

HOLLAND  FARM  WHITE  HOLLAND 

pullorum  clean  early  hatched  breeders  now  ready  for 
delivery  and  orders  accepted  for  1943  poults. 

All  from  our  own  stock. 

HOLLAND  FARM,  Belchertown,  Mass. 

HELP  WANTED— FEMALE 

Housework  position  in  Middletown  for  refined  girl  who 
prefers  attractive  home  environment  and  pleasant  variety 
to  factory  work.  No  cooking.  Cultural  opportunity. 

No  experience  necessary.  Good  salary. 

P.  O.  BOX  100,  MIDDLETOWN,  CONN. 

Registered  Durocs  and  Berkshires 

WEANLING  PIGS  — 8  WEEKS  — $15.00 

Durocs  ready  now.  Berkshires  ready  Dec.  1. 

C  n  R  A  1\I  T  A  Rolling  Acres, 

Li.  L f.  D  /V  1  U  N  A  D  1  L  LA,  N.  Y. 

CH 

ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

W.  LEGHORNS,  REDS,  ROCK-RED  CROSS. 

WHITE  ROCKS  —  “They  Satisfy.” 

Pullorum  free.  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  details. 

ESTER  G.  ZIMMER.  Box  C.  G ALLUPVI LLE.  N.  Y. 

WANTED  —  Experienced  Manager 

with  small  family  for  dairy  farm  in  Granville,  N.  Y. 
Excellent  living  accommodations,  high  wages. 
Must  assume  responsibility. 

WRITE  BOX  NO.  514-T, 

AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  ITHACA,  NEW  YORK 

Advertisers  on  This  Page  Reach  More  Than  190,000  Subscribers 

Write  your  advertisement  below  and  mail  to  American  Agriculturist,  Advertising  Dept,  Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Name  Address 

ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

f *? i  ri?  cvtvv  Ra? f,  ’s  (?r.the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications: 
bLh.  ir..  — J  oV  e'  S'J'ne.  Sheep,  Horses,  Dogs,  Rabbits,  Coats.  Mink,  Ferrets:  FARM  PRODOCE— Field 
jvtot  /vvvi™™.  rl? p  e  5 r ‘iP ■  ® one  J' •  Pop  Corn,  Miscellaneous;  POOLTBY — Breeding  Stock  Hatching  Eggs: 

.  n,'; s,tuation  wanted;  FARM  REAL  ESTATE— Farms  for  Sale.  Farms  Wanted- 
USED  FARM  EQDIPME3ST — For  Sale.  Wanted, 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers’  classified  advertising  rates.  Two 
advertising  space  units  are  offered  as  follows:  space  one  Inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $6.00  per  issue  or 
space  one-half  Inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.00  per  issue.  Copv  must  he  received  at  American  Agriculturist 
Advertising  Dept.,  Box  514,  Ithaca.  N.  Y.,  11  days  before  publication  date.  No  Baby  Chick  advertising  aC" 
cepted  on  this  page.  1942  Issue  dates  are  as  follows;  Jan.  3.  17,  31;  Feb.  14.  28;  Mar.  14,  28;  April  1 1.  25; 
May  9,  23:  June  6,  20;  July  4.  18;  Aug.  I.  15,  29;  Sept.  12,  26;  Oct  10.  24;  Nov.  7.  21;  Dec.  5.  >9’ 


American  Agriculturist,  November  7,  1942 


15  (  605) 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


YOU’VE  GOT  THE  FEED.  If  you 
haven’t  the'  livestock,  get  little 
ones  and  convert  them  into  good  heavy 
ones,  for  surely  every  pound  you  put 
on  will  pay  you  over  the  feed  costs 
this  winter  and  spring. 

Now  I  am  going  to  talk  about  my¬ 
self.  .  .  . 

Take  farm  life,  fields,  pastures,  live¬ 
stock,  labor,  marketing,  transportation, 
fertilizer,  rotations,  horse-power,  trac¬ 
tor-power,  machinery,  buildings,  roofs, 
water,  feed,  fencing,  finances;  then  add 
a  bathroom,  kitchen,  floors,  heat,  light, 
and  you  have  a  few  of  my  new  experi¬ 
ences  and  the  things  on  my  mind. 

You’ve  guessed  it.  I  have  bought  a 
farm. 

Did  you  ever  see  a  dream  out  walk¬ 
ing?  That  is  what  I  have  been  doing 
for  two  years  or  more.  Did  you  ever 
wake  up  with  a  thud?  That  is  what 
I  did. 

From  now  on,  when  I  hear  farmers 
talk  of  the  value  of  farm  experience 
for  both  young  and  old,  I’ll  know  what 
they  are  talking  about.  When  I  hear 
town  people  talk  of  the  life  of  the 
farmer,  “own  boss,  security,  sunbon- 
nets,  flower  gardens,  etc.”,  I’ll  know 
they  don’t  know  what  they  are  talking 
about. 

Now  it’s  perfectly  all  right  for  you 
to  say,  “He  doesn’t  know  what  he’s 
talking  about.”  I’ll  agree.  For  two 
years  now,  I  have  been  asking  for  it, 
running  around,  even  up  in  Vermont 
and  New  Hampshire,  looking  for  my 
“dream”  farm  of  around  100  acres, 
mostly  good  tillable  land,  on  a  main 
road,  with  running  water,  brook,  creek 
or  river,  good  big  barns,  house  not  too 
big,  shade  trees,  etc.,  etc.  Yes,  a  regu¬ 
lar  picture-book  farm,  but  one  that 
could  and  always  had  produced.  You 
know,  just  like  that. 

Well,  the  other  day,  I  ran  into  such 
a  farm.  It  seemed  to  have  everything 
on  my  mental  list :  and  the  more  I 
looked,  the  bigger  my  eyes  got.  Which 
probably  was  the  reason  my  brain  (if 
any)  wasn’t  working.  To  me,  it  was 
the  fulfillment  of  my  dream.  So  I  had 
the  bad  judgment  to  ask,  “How 
much?”  That  was  my  first  mistake, 
for  immediately  it  put  a  “dream”  on  a 
mercenary  basis  . . .  and  that’s  the  basis 
it  has  been  on  ever  since.  My  friends 
tell  me  that  is  the  only  basis  on  which 
any  farm  stands.  Maybe  they  are 
right,  but  I  hope  not. 

Dumb  Doc,  as  nonchalantly  as  pos¬ 
sible,  opens  up  with  his  big  mouth  and 
makes  a  bid.  Well,  of  all  the  recep¬ 
tions  that  bid  got!  No  butter-fingered 
quarterback  ever  got  a  greater  chorus 
of  raspberries,  indignation,  and  sour 
looks  than  it  did.  Therefore,  I  tried  to 
ease  myself  away  from  there,  nice  and 
friendly-like,  sorry,  apologetic  and  sad 
that  I  had  been  so  unappreciative  as  to 
degrade,  debase  and  insult  their  farm 
by  making  such  an  offer. 

That  was  that.  Only  until  the  next 
morning  though!  When  answering  the 
telephone,  a  sweet  voice  announced, 
“You  own  a  farm  in  Genesee  County, 
New  York,  right  on  Route  No.  5,  three 
and  one-half  miles  west  of  Batavia, 
133  acres,  with  a  river  right  in  back  of 
it,  and  your  telephone  number  is  now 
Batavia  2186.  How  do  you  wish  to  pay 
for  it?”  Just  like  that,  all  in  one 
breath. 

Wish  to  pay  for  it?  Since  when 
could  I  wish  to  pay  for  anything,  let 
alone  a  dream  farm.  I  did  wish  I  could 
pay  for  it  ...  .  and  still  do.  Probably 
the  poor  soul  who  is  going  to  hold  the 


mortgage  will  also  be  wishing  for  years 
and  years  to  come  that  I  could  even 
pay  the  interest.  Anyway,  he’ll  know 
I  am  still  wishing. 

So  far,  so  good.  I  had  a  farm;  but 
how  was  I  going  to  tell  Elizabeth  ? 
What  a  nice  little  package  to  throw  in¬ 
to  her  lap,  and  would  she  throw  it  right 
back  at  me  ?  Believe  it  or*  not,  she 
even  smiled,  a  sort  of  a  wry  smile, 
much  as  you  do  to  children  when  you 
give  them  the  sled  you  know  they  have 
been  waiting  for  and  anticipating  ever 
since  the  first  snowfall.  Sometimes  I 
think  our  womenfolks  sort  of  get  to 
know  us  after  about  30  years,  or  may¬ 
be  30  minutes.  Now  I  am  wondering 
if  she  didn’t  know  all  along  that  I  was 
coming  home  with  a  farm  on  my  hands 
some  day  and  was  ready  for  it.  How 
can  you  surprise  a  good  wife  after  28 
years  ? 

Just  after  daylight,  on  a  beautiful 
yesterday  morning,  an  old,  wornout 
farmer  said  to  me,  “That  sun  comes 
out  gloryful,  don’t  it?”  Perhaps,  that 
explains  everything . 

*  *  * 

HOG  CHOLERA 

By  J.  F.  “DOG’  ROBERTS. 

THE  MORE  hogs  in  any  community, 
section  or  State,  the  more  prev¬ 
alent  is  “Cholera.”  With  this  in  mind, 
and  with  the  tremendous  increase  in  hog 
production  in  the  Northeast  in  the  past 
few  years,  a  word  or  two  of  caution  is 
at  least  timely. 

So  far  in  the  East,  the  man  who 
raises  his  own  replacements  and  re¬ 
fuses  to  buy  anyone  else’s  pigs  or 
sows,  especially  at.  auction  sales,  or 
from  the  Midwest,  has  been  compara¬ 
tively  safe.  If  you  do  buy  pigs,  keep 
them  quarantined  and  away  from  all 
other  hogs  for  at  least  three  weeks. 

Cholera  is  more  or  less  of  an  in¬ 
dividual  proposition  as  to  locality,  par¬ 
ticular  farms,  etc.  Therefore  if  you 
do  go  into  hogs,  don’t  just  go  cold 
and  all  alone.  Get  advice  as  to  what 
the  disease  situation  is  in  your  locality 
from  your  local  veterinarian  and  oth¬ 
ers.  Investigate  thoroughly.  People 
that  have  sick  or  dying  hogs  are  not 
inclined  to  talk  about  it. 

Cholera  is  not  an  easy  disease  to 
diagnose.  Hog  erysipelas  has  many 
of  the  same  symptoms.  Be  wary  of 
neighbors  who  say,  “This  is  Cholera”, 
but  particularly  be  wary  of  the  ones 
that  say,  “This  isn’t  Cholera.”  If  you 
have  a  hog  that  is  sick  or  dies,  don’t 
just  bury  it,  and  forget  it.  Investigate, 
and  if  you  do  not  know  exactly  what 
killed  it,  get  your  veterinarian  immedi¬ 
ately.  This  is  particularly  urgent  if 
you  know  there  is  some  cholera  around 
the  neighborhood. 

If  you  are  really  buying  and  selling 
hogs,  you  should  of  course  have  all 
your  hogs  vaccinated.  This  protects 
you;  it  also  means  that  all  your  hogs 
from  then  on  will  have  to  be  vaccinat¬ 
ed.  Do  not  try  to  do  this  vaccination 
yourself.  In  the  first  place,  you  prob¬ 
ably  could  not  get  good  serum  or 
virus,  in  the  second  place,  it  is  too 
dangerous  to  have  around  any  farm 
without  a  really  good  veterinarian  on 
hand. 

A  hog  is  not  a  dirty  wallowing  ani¬ 
mal.  The  most  successful  hog  sections 
are  where  the  hogs  get  the  best,  where 
they  are  turned  out  on  the  best  alfalfa 
pastures,  on  dry  gravelly  soil,  with  no 
wet  or  low  spots;  fed  the  best  balanced 
rations  of  minerals,  proteins,  and  car¬ 
bohydrates;  and  kept  clean,  dry  and 
absolutely  sanitary.  Even  pasture  ro¬ 
tations  are  practiced  by  successful  hog 
producers  to  keep  away  from  parasites. 
But  above  everything  else,  there  should 
be  no  “hog  wallows.”  They  are  just 
breeders  of  disease  and  parasites. 

An  outbreak  of  hog  cholera  can  put 
you  completely  out  of  the  hog  business 
in  one  week. 


BUILD  FOR  GREATER 
DAIRY  PRODUCTION 


Free  plans  show  how  to  build 
sanitary  improvements  of  Concrete 


Concrete  dairy  improvements  play 
a  vital  part  in  the  farmer’s  “Food 
for  Victory”  job.  A  concrete  floor 
keeps  cows  healthier;  is  easier  to 
clean  and  disinfect ;  doesn’t  absorb 
odors;  is  wear-proof,  fire-proof 
and  vermin-proof. 


Build  at  low  cost  with  concrete, 
and  you  know  it  will  last  for  a  life¬ 
time.  Few  “critical  materials” 
needed— many  concrete  jobs 
require  none.  Do  the  work  your¬ 
self  or  ask  your  cement  dealer  for 
names  of  concrete  contractors.  Let 
us  help  by  sending  free  plans  and 
suggestions.  Check  list  below. 


Concrete  milk  houses  and  cooling 
tanks  make  it  easy  to  keep  milk 
clean  and  to  handle  it  efficiently — 
prevent  the  losses  that  result  when 
milk  is  graded  down. 

Or  perhaps  you  need  a  new  feed¬ 
ing  floor,  poultry  house,  grain  bin, 
storage  cellar,  or  other  thrifty  con¬ 
crete  improvement  that  will  help 
you  conserve  feed  and  produce 
more  food  for  war  needs. 


I*—- —  —  —  ———————— —Past*  on  penny  postal  and  mail  today-—  — — —  —  ——————— — — j 

PORTLAND  CEMENT  ASSOCIATION 

Dept.  K1  la-1;  347  Madison  Ave.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

j  Please  send  booklets  on  subjects  checked. 

Name . 

!  Address . . . 


City . State . 

□  Dairy  Bam  Floors  □  Milk  Houses  □  Milk  Cooling  Tanks  □  Poultry  Houses 

□  Feeding  Floors  □  Silos  □  Soil-Saving  Dams  □  Septic  Tanks 

□  Foundations  □  Granaries  □  Walks  and  Drives  □  Manure  Pits 


CATTLE 


BIG  AUCTION 

lMi  miles  southwest  of  Truxton,  Cort¬ 
land  County,  N.  Y.,  on  Route  13. 

Monday  and  Tuesday 

NOVEMBER  9  AND  10 

To  settle  estate  of  the  late  John  J.  Bloomfield. 
FIRST  DAY:  382  acre  farm  will  he  sold  at  10  A.  M., 
followed  by  complete  line  of  farm  machinery,  trucks, 
tractors  and  horses  used  to  operate  this  big  farm. 
SECOND  DAY:  90  REGISTERED  HOLSTEIN  CAT¬ 
TLE,  T.B.  Accredited,  blood  tested,  and  27  vaccinated 
heifers  for  bangs.  Catalogs  at  ring  side. 

Sale  starts  each  morning  at  10  A.  M.  with  lunch  at 
noon.  This  sale  both  days  will  be  held  under  a  big 
tent,  both  machinery  and  cattle  sell  in  this  tent. 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 

Sales  Manager,  MEXICO,  N.  Y. 


mm  A  H.  F.  Buhrig  Dispersal 

5y  REGISTERED  HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

at  his  farm,  outskirts  of 
CANASTOTA,  MADISON  COUNTY,  N.  Y., 

THURSDAY,  November  12 

T.B.  ACCREDITED  AND  BLOODTESTED. 

This  is  a  high,  producing  herd  in  excellent  physical 
condition,  in  good  stages  of  lactation. 

MAKE  YOUR  PLANS  TO  ATTEND. 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS,  mnae^rrk 


SWINE 


Walter  Lux,  Tel.  0086,  Woburn,  Mass. 

CHESTER  &  YORKSHIRE  CROSS,  BERKSHIRE  & 
CHESTER  CROSS  PIGS. 

6  to  7  weeks  old,  $6.50  each:  8  to  10  weeks  old,  $7.00 
each:  10  to  12  weeks  old,  $8.00  each.  All  large  type 
stock.  Ship  2  or  more  C.O.D.  Cheek  or  money  order. 
If  they  please  you  keep  them,  if  not  return  them. 


The  best  way  to 
keep  bruises,  puffs, 
strains  and  swell¬ 
ings  from  causing 
long,  expensive  “lay 
ups”  is  to  attend  to 
them  right  away. 

For  over  40  years 
many  leading  vet- 
erinaries  have  used 
Absorbine  to  help 
prevent  such  congestive  troubles  from  becom¬ 
ing  permanent  afflictions.  Absorbine  rubbed 
on  swelling  relieves  the  soreness.  By  speeding 
blood  flow  to  injury,  it  helps  carry  offcongestion. 
Often  swelling  is  relieved  in  a  few  hours. 

Absorbine  costs  $2-50  for  a  LONG-LASTING 
BOTTLE.  When  Absorbine  works  to  clear  up 
injury,  as  it  has  on  many  others,  you  will  agree 
Absorbine  is  worth  many  times  its  cost.  At  all 
druggists.  W.  F.  Young,  Inc.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 

Carefully  selected  Holsteins  and 
Guernseys.  Large  number  to 
choose  from.  Sold  for  cash  or  on 
liberal  credit  terms. 

STATE  DAIRY  CATTLE  CO.f  Inc. 
B.  N.  MILLARD,  Pres.  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 

3  miles  south  of  Ithaca  on  Routes  13  and  34. 
Phone:  Ithaca  2015. 


ABSORBINE 


(606)  1 6 


American  Agriculturist,  November  7,  1942 


.  B. 

SKEFFinGTOn 


**JKEFfJ 

nOTEBOOK 


HERE  IS  NEWS  for  those  persons 
who  long  have  scratched  their 
heads  and  the  markets  in  an  effort  to 
find  a  new  use  for  low-grade  apples: 
Millions  of  bushels  probably  will  be 
utilized  to  make  an  apple  syrup  as  a 
substitute  for  glycerine  as  a  humidi- 
cant  in  cigarettes.  Glycerine  has  gone 
to  war  as  a  necessary  element  in  mak¬ 
ing  explosives.  Researchers  have 
found  that  apple  concentrate  is  80  per 
cent  as  good  as  the  glycol  heretofore 
used  in  cigarettes. 

This  was  one  of  the  promising  de¬ 
velopments  reviewed  at  a  New  York 
meeting  of  the  executive  committee  of 
the  New  York  and  New  England  Ap¬ 
ple  Institute.  Much  of  the  informa¬ 
tion  on  the  subject  is  not  being  made 
public  yet.  But  here  are  some  facts: 
Last  year  five  million  pounds  of  apple 
concentrate  were  made  in  this  coun¬ 
try.  One  tobacco  company  says  it  is  in 
the  market  immediately  for  one  and 
one-half  million  pounds  and  expects  to 
use  20  million  pounds  in  the  next  year. 

Manufacturers  now  are  paying  15 
cents  a  pound  for  glycol  and  expect  to 
pay  20  before  the  supply  is  shut  off. 


IT’S  ABOUT 
TIME  IN 

NEW  YORK 


TIME,  always  valu¬ 
able,  is  now  more  pre¬ 
cious  than  ever.  Save 
time  by  staying  at  The 
McAlpin.  Its  ideal  mid- 


Apple  syrup  is  said  to  be  80  per  cent 
as  good  and  on  a  comparable  basis  one 
company  said  it  could  pay  13  cents. 
OPA  price  ceiling  is  11  cents.  About 
11  pounds  of  syrup  may  be  made  from 
100  pounds  of  apples.  These  figures 
do  not  show  a  very  high  return  for 
apples,  but  it  may  mean  a  tremendous 
outlet  for  apples  if  manufacturing  fa¬ 
cilities  can  be  found  for  making  the 
product. 

Many  Growers  to  Lose 

Growers  have  spent  more  money 
than  ever  before  in  getting  this  sea¬ 
son’s  apple  crop  harvested,  President 
John  Chandler  of  Sterling  Junction, 
Mass.,  said.  The  labor  situation  has 
been  a  continuous  headache,  he  said, 
with  additional  problems  of  lack  of 
storage  and  lack  of  containers.  The 
Hudson  Valley  and  New  England  crop 
is  larger  than  expected  earlier  in  the 
season,  and  this  is  complicated  by  in¬ 
ability  to  find  space  in  cold  storages 
within  the  districts. 

Chandler  said  many  small  growers 
are  discouraged,  after  having  spent  up 
to  50  per  cent  more  than  usual  in.  get¬ 
ting  the  crop  harvested.  Labor  ex¬ 
periences  of  the  current  season  led  to 
general  expression  that  women  pickers 
may  be  more  in  vogue  next  year. 
Chandler  urged  various  localities  to  de¬ 
velop  voluntary  participation  in  harv¬ 
ests  through  cooperation  with  county 
war  councils  and  the  U.  S.  Employment 
Service.  Several  members  said  their 
sections  had  unsatisfactory  results  with 
recruits  from  city  slums,  but  fairly 
good  results  with  women  and  older 
school  children. 

One  of  the  problems  this  year  is  that 
apples  are  running  large  in  size  and 
many  buyers  ask  for  fruit  2%  inches 
or  smaller.  The  institute  has  worked 
out  that  the  large  sizes  are  the  most 
economical  buy  because  on  a  214  there 
is  50  per  cent  waste  in  skin  and  core 
and  on  a  314  only  12  per  cent  waste. 


town  location  is  right 
where  it’s  most  conve¬ 
nient  for  business  or 
pleasure. 

Rooms  with  private  bath 

Single  from 

*3.30 

Double  from 

*4.95 


I  BLOCK 
FROM  PENN. 
STATION . 

5  MINUTES 
TO  TIMES 
SQUARE. 

B.  &  0.  Motor 
Coaches  Stop 
at  our  Door. 


HOTEL 

MCALPIN 

BROADWAY  AT  34th  ST. 

NEW  YORK 


Under  KNOTT  Management 
JOHN  J.  WOELFLE,  Manager 


Skeff  Going  West 

As  this  appears  in  print  your  note- 
taker  will  be  on  the  way  to  the  Na¬ 
tional  Grange  convention  in  Wenatchee, 
Wash.  The  meeting  was  scheduled 
originally  for  Spokane,  but  a  change 
had  to  be  made  when  the  army  took 
over  the  hotels.  En  route  I  expect  to 
make  a  number  of  stops  to  visit  with 
farm  leaders  and  others  concerned  with 
agricultural  production.  The  West 
Coast  is  operating  under  a  dim-out 
and  taxicab  travel  in  some  towns  is 
limited  to  direct  transportation  between 
certain  points.  Therefore,  I  do  not  ex¬ 
pect  to  wander  around  the  byroads  of 
the  West  as  I  have  on  previous  trips. 
However,  I  do  expect  to  have  a  well 
filled  notebook  of  pertinent  information 
for  American  Agriculturist  readers. 

Milk  Flow  Dwindles 

With  possible  shortages  of  fluid  milk 
looming  in  the  Buffalo  and  Rochester 
markets,  cooperatives  have  been  asked 
to  estimate  how  much  additional  milk 
their  members  may  supply.  Some  con¬ 
sideration  has  been  given  to  enlarging 
the  number  of  producers  supplying  the 
markets.  In  both  of  these  areas  pro¬ 
duction  has  dropped  and  for  some 
months  the  consumption  of  fluid  milk 
has  shown  a  steady  climb.  Factors 
affecting  the  situation  appear  to  be 


that  the  large  number  of  war  workers 
in  industry  are  buying  more  milk,  while 
farmers  faced  with  labor  shortage  have 
found  it  difficult  to  keep  up  produc¬ 
tion. 

A  departmental  estimate  for  the 
Rochester  market  was  that  for  Novem¬ 
ber  production  would  be  92.7  per  cent 
of  last  November,  while  Class  1  sales 
will  be  109.6.  If  fluid  cream  sales  stay 
at  the  same  level  as  last  November, 
this  would  mean  a  surplus  of  only  9.8 
per  cent^  The  Buffalo  market  is  faced 
with  about  the  same  situation,  except, 
that  production  has  not  decreased  so 
rapidly  and  Class  1  sales  have  in¬ 
creased  more  rapidly. 

Milk  marketing  officials  are  worrying 
that  the  labor  situation  may  result 
in  further  decrease  in  production.  On 
the  other  hand  if  new  supplies  are  ap¬ 
proved  and  not  used  they  would  be  a 
drag  on  the  pool.  The  situation  is 
further  complicated  by  OPA  retail 
price  ceilings,  with  a  second  increase 
to  producers  slated  to  go  into  effect. 
Dealers  have  asked  OPA  for  relief. 
There  have  been  intimations  that  the 
subsidy  plan  used  in  the  New  York 
market  may  not  be  used  in  the  upstate 
markets  because  of  opinion  in  OPA 
circles  that  prices  to  producers  already 
are  high  enough. 

Cabbage  Goes  to  Waste 

Some  of  the  enthusiasm  for  the  AMA 
cabbage  marketing  program  has  been 
tempered  by  disappointment  of  grow¬ 
ers.  In  September  it  was  announced 
that  the  government  would  pay  kraut 
packers  a  subsidy  to  pack  kraut  in 
bulk  and  pay  growers  $7.50  per  ton 
for  cabbage.  Apparently  there  is  more 
cabbage  than  plants  can  handle,  so  al¬ 
lotments  have  been  made  to  the  various 
counties  on  amounts  they  may  deliver 
to  plants. 

Plants  were  estimated  to  be  able  to 
take  17,000  tons  after  Oct.  12  and  al¬ 
lotments  were  given  to  growers  based 
on  not  more  than  six  tons  per  acre. 
This  left  growers  who  had  not  sold 
their  cabbage  Oct.  12  in  a  hole.  Pro¬ 
duction  is  running  around  11  tons 
average  per  acre.  Also  there  is  no  as¬ 
surance  that  growers  will  be  able  to 


sell  their  full  allotments.  Considerable 
cabbage  is  being  left  in  the  fields  or 
fed  to  cows. 

There  has  been  considerable  com¬ 
plaint  among  tomato  growers.  They 
increased  acreage  as  requested  by  the 
government.  Then  they  found  it  im¬ 
possible  to  harvest  their  crops  or  to 
get  canners  to  take  all  they  could  offer. 
Weather,  plant  capacity  and  avail¬ 
ability  of  labor  have  not  been  in  har¬ 
mony. 

— a.  a. — 

MAKING  4-II  HISTORY 

Typical  of  the  activities  of  Steuben 
4-H  Clubs  are  those  of  the  Gangs  Mills 
boys  4-H  Club  led  by  Ralph  Swan. 
This  club,  one  of  the  liveliest  in  the 
county  and  whose  membership  entirely 
consists  of  boys  12-13  years  old,  has 
collected  nearly  4  tons  -f  scrap  metal. 

Not  only  has  the  club  been  active  in 
the  scrap  metal  drive,  but  also  in  other 
Victory  efforts.  The  boys  have  collect¬ 
ed  over  500  lbs.  of  scrap  rubber. 

Realizing  that  farmers  were  badly  in 
nee*  of  help  this  summer  these  boys, 
right  down  to  the  last  member,  hired 
out  to  nearby  farmers  to  do  everything 
from  haying  to  berry  picking.  The 
boys  themselves  are  nearly  all  village 
youngsters  conducting  garden  and 
poultry  projects. 

To  improve  and  maintain  their  health 
every  member  of  the  club  through 
their  school  had  a  complete  health  ex¬ 
amination. 

And  lastly  these  boys  have  demon¬ 
strated  what  we  all  should  do  whole¬ 
heartedly,  Buy  Defense  Bonds.  Every¬ 
one  of  the  14  members  of  the  club  have 
purchased  stamps  and  six  have  pur¬ 
chased  bonds.  Over  $200.00  worth 
have  been  purchased  by  the  boys. 

Much  of  the  credit  for  this  club’s  ac¬ 
tive  war  spirit  is  due  to  Ralph  Swan, 
their  voluntary  leader,  whose  untiring 
efforts  have  indeed  produced  results. 
No  finer  demonstration  could  be  given 
of  his  own  desire  and  ability  to  aid 
our  country.  These  club  members,  to¬ 
gether  with  their  leader,  are  a  real 
example  of  what  organization  under 
capable  leadership  can  do  to  help  our 
country  to  Victory. 


A.A.-Grange  Bread  Contest  News 


THIRTY-FIVE  Pomona  Granges 
have  held  their  Pomona  Bread 
Contests  and  reported  winners’  names 
to  us.  Many  of  the  Granges  auctioned 
off  the  bread  after  the  judging  was 
over,  and  raised  money  for  the  Grange 
Scholarship  Fund.  Mrs.  Laura  Spoor, 
in  charge  of  Ontario  County’s  contest, 
reports  that  their  winning  loaf  alone 
sold  for  $1.00! 

Mrs.  Lucile  Mathewson,  in  charge 


Mrs.  Alfred  White,  of  Phoenix,  N.  Y., 
whose  bread  placed  first  in  the  Onondaga 
Pomona  Grange  Bread  Contest.  Mrs. 
White  is  a  member  of  Lamson  Grange. 


of  Chautauqua  County’s  contest,  writes 
that  a  Sugarless  Bake  Sale  was  held 
in  connection  with  their  bread  contest, 
and  the  proceeds  of  both  turned  over 
to  the  Scholarship  Fund. 


Mrs.  Jane  Sleight,  the  Warren  Coun¬ 
ty  Chairman,  writes:  “The  bread  at 
our  contest  was  all  very  good,  and 
scored  high.  Six  out  of  our  seven 
Granges  succeeded  in  getting  bread  to 
us,  and  with  the  gas  and  tires  situa¬ 
tion  what  it  is  I  think  this  was  very 
good.  We  served  the  bread  for  supper 
after  the  meeting.  Warren  County  is 
proud  of  its  breadmakers.  As  you 
know,  the  county  took  the  honors  in 
the  State  Yeast  Rolls  Contest  last 


year.” 

The  following  Pomona  and  Subordi¬ 
nate  bread  contest  winners  have  been 
reported  to  us  since  last  time: 


Pomona 

COUNTY  GRANGE 
Chautauqua  Chautauqua 
Cortland  Miller 
Madison  Chittenango 
Montgomery  Stone  Arabia 
Oneida  Westmoreland 

Onondaga  Lamson 
Ontario  Wide  Awake 
Warren  Mountainside 
Washington  Easton 


Winners 

WINNER 

Mrs.  Seth  Brightman 
Mrs.  Harry  Park 
Mrs.  Blanche  Bender 
Mrs.  Earl  Kilts 
Mrs.  Ida  Philips 
Mrs.  Alfred  White 
Mrs.  Muriel  Richmond 
Mrs.  Fred  Vaughn 
Mrs.  Pearl  L.  Betts 


Subordinate  Grange  Winners 

a  Cayuga  Lake  Mrs.  Theodore  Dillon 


Hand 

lison 

itgomery 

:go 

sselaer 

oharie 

lpkins 


Owasco  Lake 
Weedsport 
Marathon 
Nfiller 
Nelson 
Rural  Grove 
Butternut  Valley 
Johnsonville 
Windy  Ridge 
Enfield  Valley 


Mrs.  Ellen-Delaney 
Mrs.  Grace  Craver 
Mrs.  James  L.  Bernheim 
Mrs.  Harry  Park 
Mrs.  Horace  K.  Smith 
Anna  Darrew 
Mrs.  Nellie  Curtis 
Mrs.  William  Heslin 
Mrs.  Dorothy  Harper 
Mrs.  Leon  Rothermich  ) 


17  (  607) 


American  Agriculturist,  November  7,  1942 


ManJzet  fean&inetesi 


MILK 

The  November  price,  it  is  estimated, 
may  reach  $3.10,  due  principally  to  an 
increase  in  Class  1  price  from  $3.30  to 
$3.50,  which  is  to  become  effective  No¬ 
vember  1.  It  is  anticipated  that  gov¬ 
ernment  subsidy  will  be  extended  to 
cover  this  new  increase. 

Also,  on  November  1  the  price  of 
Class  2- A  milk  (milk  sold  as  fluid 
cream)  goes  up  to  $2.70. 

Administrator  Blanford  has  estimat¬ 
ed  that  the  October  uniform  price  for 
the  metropolitan  area  will  be  $2.98.  If 
that  proves  to  be  the  final  price,  it  will 
be  8  cents  higher  than  the  uniform 
price  for  September  and  will  be  the 
highest  price  for  any  month  since  the 
Federal-State  Order  went  into  effect. 
At  that  price,  the  entire  value  of  the 
pool  will  be  about  $14,750,000. 

A  year  ago,  58,646  dairymen  deliver¬ 
ed  to  482  plants.  The  best  guess  now 
is  that  less  than  56,000  farmers  are 
delivering  milk  to  475  plants. 

— A.  A.— 

EGGS 

The  October  U.  S.  holdings  of  shell 
and  frozen  eggs  were  equivalent  to 
11,640,000  cases,  14%  above  last  year 
and  24%  above  the  five-year  average 
of  October  1  holdings.  On  September  1, 
holdings  were  14,018,000  cases,  24% 
above  the  same  date  in  1941. 

From  January  through  August,  the 
Agricultural  Marketing  Administration 
bought  185,000,000  lbs.  of  dried  eggs, 
accounting  for  18%  of  the  entire  coun¬ 
try’s  egg  production.  Egg  drying 
facilities  have  been  operating  at  capac¬ 
ity,  and  recently  the  War  Production 
Board  approved  allocation  of  materials 
to  expand  egg  drying  plants  by  near¬ 
ly  one-third. 

During  September,  U.  S.  hens  laid 
11%  more  eggs  than  they  did  in  Sep¬ 
tember  a  year  ago,  and  the  production 
for  the  first  nine  months  of  the  year 
was  the  largest  on  record,  15%  above 
the  previous  record  made  last  year 
and  27%  above  the  ten-year  average. 

Cold  storage  stocks  of  poultry  meat 
on  October  1  were  116,535,000  lbs.,  21% 
above  October  1  last  year  and  56% 
higher  than  the  five-year  average  for 
that  date. 

During  September,  commercial  hatch¬ 
eries  produced  17%  more  baby  chicks 


TIRE  SENSE 

The  Tire  Rationing  Branch  of 
the  Office  of  Price  Administration 
at  Washington  has  been  asked  to 
amend  regulations  covering  the 
used  tire  freeze.  Amendment  re¬ 
quested  would  allow  farmers  and 
farm  produce  truckers  who  have 
a  spare  set  of  nobby  extra-trac¬ 
tion  tires  to  keep  them. 

It  is  pointed  out  that  it  is  a 
physical  impossibility  for  these 
men  who  travel  on  dirt  roads  to 
put  on  tire  chains,  take  them  off 
when  they  reach  the  improved 
roads,  and  put  them  back  on 
when  they  get  part  way  home. 
If  that  were  required,  it  would 
seriously  handicap  production  and 
transportation  of  farm  products. 
To  use  these  tires  continuously 
summer  and  winter  would  soon 
result  in  the  loss  of  their  extra 
traction. 

Doubtless  this  situation  was 
not  considered  when  the  freeze 
order  was  put  into  effect,  but 
there  is  still  time  to  amend  it. 


than  they  did  last  September.  The 
strong  demand  for  chicks  is  caused 
largely  by  Secretary  Wickard’s  request 
for  more  fall  broilers  for  meat.  Had 
larger  numbers  of  hatching  eggs  been 
available,  the  production  would  have 
been  still  greater.  It  seems  certain 
that  hatchings  will  continue  heavy  for 
the  remainder  of  the  year. 

— a.  a. — 

TURKEYS 

This  year’s  U.  S.  turkey  crop  totals 
33,786,000,  compared  with  last  year’s 
crop  of  33,415,000.  The  record  crop 
was  in  1940,  and  totaled  34,224,000. 

Everyone  agrees  that  turkeys  will 
bring  considerably  more  money  than 
they  did  last  year.  Growers  have  in¬ 
dicated  that  they  intend  to  sell  54%  of 
the  crop  in  November  or  earlier,  com¬ 
pared  with  48%  last  year.  There  are 
two  reasons  for  the  early  movement. 
First,  prices  are  good.  Second,  poults 
in  many  areas  got  a  week  or  two  earli¬ 
er  start  than  they  did  a  year  ago. 

On  September  1,  holdings  of  turkeys 
in  storage  was  6%  below  the  same  date 
a  year  ago  and  2%  less  than  the  five- 
year  average.  There  seems  little  doubt 
that  turkey  growers  will  be  able  to 
market  their  crop  to  advantage  this 
fall. 

—  A.  A. — 

EGGS  YE  ED 
CAREFUL  GRADING 

Proof  that  commercial  grading  and 
candling  of  eggs  is  a  job  which  must 
be  done  with  extreme  care  to  maintain 
high  quality,  is  revealed  as  a  result  of 
a  report  by  George  F.  Dow  of  the 
Maine  Agricultural  Station  on  tests 
made  in  southwestern  Maine.  In  a 
check-up  of  12,000  doz.  eggs  received 
from  producers  who  had  already  done 
some  grading,  it  was  found  that  six 
eggs  per  case  were  of  inferior  quality 
due  to  cracks,  breakage,  large  air  cells, 
meat  spots,  and  blood  spots.  Ten  eggs 
per  case  were  below  standard  size  for 
the  grade  marked. 

Lessons  learned  from  this  large  scale 
commercial  check-up  include  the  need 
of  greater  care  in  handling  and  more 
attention  to  cooling.  Advice  of  Mr. 
Dow  is :  Keep  thin  shelled  and  poor 
shaped  eggs  at  home;  pack  very  large 
eggs  at  top  of  case;  cool  eggs  prompt¬ 
ly  after  gathering;  pack  carefully  with 
the  air  cell  at  the  top. 

—  A.  A.— 

ONIONS 

‘  There  was  practically  no  change  in 
the  onion  estimate  during  September, 
but  it  is  generally  believed  that  there 
will  be  fewer  salable  onions  than  were 
expected  on  September  1.  Rot  has 
been  very  bad  in  most  areas  as  a  result 
of  mildew  followed  by  unfavorable 
moist,  hot  weather.  In  most  areas 
there  were  still  many  onions  in  crates 
in  the  fields  on  October  15. 

— a.  a.  — 

YIELDS 

The  October  U.  S.  Crop  Report  in¬ 
dicates  that  for  the  entire  country 
crop  yields  per  acre  will  be  about  36% 
above  the  1923-1932  average.  The  acre¬ 
age  of  some  crops  is  smaller,  and  total 
production  is  expected  to  be  about  28% 
above  1923-1932. 

The  corn  estimate  was  raised  4% 
during  September,  present  estimate 
being  3,132,000,000  bushels  —  an  all- 
time  high,  'fhe  previous  record  was 
made  in  1920  when  101,000,000  acres 
were  put  ija  corn  as  compared  to  89,- 


000,000  this  year.  A  big  factor  in  the 
increased  yield  of  com  per  acre  is  the 
development  of  hybrid  seed. 

The  October  estimate  on  wheat  is 
984,000,000  bushels,  this  crop  being  ex¬ 
ceeded  only  in  1915.  The  country-wide 
yield  is  19.5  bushels  per  acre,  highest 
on  record. 

The  production  of  principal  truck 
crops  for  market  will  total  about 
7,265,000  tons.  Acreage  is  about  the 
same  as  last  year,  so  the  increase  is 
due  to  higher  yields. 

The  yield  of  eight  important  truck 
crops  for  canning- — beets,  lima  beans, 
snap  beans,  kraut  cabbage,  sweet  corn, 
green  peas,  tomatoes  and  pimentoes — 
is  slightly  above  the  previous  high 
record  made  in  1941.  It  is  nearly  90% 
above  the  average  from  1931  to  1940. 

Here  are  some  production  figures  for 
New  York  vegetables: 


1941 

1942 

Lima  beans  for  market 

1 

(bu.)  . 

312,000 

335,000 

Carrots  (bu.)  . 

Cauliflower  (crates) : 

1,534,000 

1,764,000 

Upstate  . 

1,449,000 

1,397,000 

Long  Island  . 

995,000 

1,590,000 

Celery  (crates)  . 

1,398,000 

1,600,000 

Onions  (100-lb.  sacks) 

2,546,000 

3,268,000 

—  A.  A. 

G.L.F.  ANNUAL  MEETING 


The  Cooperative  G.L.F.  Exchange 
held  its  annual  meeting  in  the  Mizpah 
Auditorium  in  Syracuse  on  October  30. 
The  meeting  was  streamlined  to  save 
tires,  and  attendance  was  far  smaller 
than  usual.  Previous  to  the  meeting, 
district  annual  meetings  were  held  in 
each  of  seven  G.L.F.  districts  in  New 
York,  New  Jersey,  and  northern  Penn¬ 
sylvania  to  give  a  report  of  the  year’s 
business  to  farmers  and  for  the  nomi¬ 
nation  of  Directors. 

Directors  re-elected  at  the  meeting 
were  Harry  Bull  of  Campbell  Hall,  N. 
Y.;  Ralph  Culver,  Laceyville,  Pa.;  Thos. 
Davis,  Woodstown,  N.  J.;  Earl  Clark 
of  North  Norwich,  nominated  by  the 
New  York  State  Grange;  and  J.  D. 
Ameele  of  Williamson,  nominated  by 
the  New  York  State  Farm  Bureau. 

At  the  meeting,  General  Manager  J. 
A.  McConnell  reported  the  year’s  ac¬ 
tivities  and  discussed  some  of  the 
problems  facing  the  organization  for 
the  coming  year. 

Wheeler  McMillen  of  Philadelphia, 
Editor  of  the  Farm  Journal  and  Farm¬ 
er’s  Wife,  was  the  principal  speaker. 
He  discussed  national  happenings  and 
their  relation  to  the  farmer. 

In  the  absence  of  Pres.  Leigh  Kirk¬ 
land,  of  Fredonia,  N.  Y.,  due  to  illness, 
Vice-President  Frank  Smith  of  Spring- 
field  Center,  N.  Y.,  presided. 


|  dfea  WGY  Farm  j 

I  lll=P  PROGRAMS  j 

Daily  except  Sunday,  12:31  p.  m.,  N.  Y. 
State  Wholesale  Produce  Markets. 

Daily  exc.  Sat.  and  Sun.,  6:15  p.  m.,  N. 
Y.  City  Wholesale  Produce  Market. 

Monday  only,  12:34  p.  m..  Metropolitan 
Milk  Market  Report. 

This  schedule  subject  to  change  without 
notice. 

Monday,  November  9th 
12:35 — “Ban  the  Black  Knot  from  Plan¬ 
tation  Lumber”,  Prof.  Ralph  M.  Hutch¬ 
inson  and  Prof.  F.  E.  Carlson. 

12 :45 — Parents  on  Trial,  Dr.  R.  W. 
Frederick. 

Tuesday,  November  10th 

12 :35— “Settling  up  for  1942”,  V.  B. 
Hart. 

12:45 — Homemaker’s  Council,  “A  USO 
for  Homemakers.” 

Wednesday,  November  11th 
12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
“Fuses — You’d  Better  Have  Some!”  Ed 
W.  Mitchell. 

12:45 — Countryside  Talk,  Ray  F.  Pol¬ 
lard. 

Thursday,  November  12th 

12:35— “Cows  That  Do  Their  Bit”,  C.  M. 
Slack. 

12:45— “Van  Aernam’s  Scrapbook.” 
Friday,  November  13th 

12  :35 — Panel  Discussion — FSA. 

8:30 — WGY  Farm  Forum. 

Saturday,  November  14th 

12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “Light  In 
— and  Blackout”,  Rensselaer  Co.  (N.  Y.) 
4-H  Clubs. 

12:45 — A  Primer  of  Good  Government, 
“The  County  Treasurer”,  Saratoga  Po¬ 
mona  Grange. 

Monday,  November  16th 

12  :35 — Dramette- — FCA. 

12:45 — “Rural  Education  in  the  News”, 
Francis  E.  Griffin. 

..Tuesday,  November  17th 
12:35— “The  Milky  Way  to  Victory”,  W. 
T.  Crandall. 

12  :45— Homemaker’s  Council,  Mrs.  Har¬ 
riet  J.  Haynes,  Miss  Evelyn  Streeter. 

Wednesday,  November  18th 
12:35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag, 
"Major  Operations  in  the  Farm  Shop”, 
Ed  W.  Mitchell. 

12 :45— Countryside  Talk,  Bristow 
Adams. 

Thursday,  November  19th 
12:35— “Farmers  Give  Thanks”,  J.  A. 
McKee. 

12:45— “Van  Aernam’s  Scrapbook.” 

Friday,  November  20th 
12  ;35 _ AAA. 

12:45 — “Crops,  Markets  and  Prices”,  H. 
D.  Phillips. 

8  :30 — WGY  Farm  Forum. 

Saturday,  November  21st 

12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship,  “4-H  For¬ 
ests  of  the  Future”,  Bennington  County 
(Vt.)  4-H  Clubs. 

12:45 — A  Primer  of  Good  Government, 
“The  County  Clerk”,  Dutchess  Pomona 
Grange. 


f®, j.  War 


"Because  that's  the  surest  way  to  save 
time,  labor,  and  money.  The  big  crops 
being  grown  today  can  only  be  worked 
and  harvested  properly  with  dependable 
equipment.  For  three  generations  our 
family  has  used  Frick  Machinery:  we  still 
swear  by  it." 

The  Frick  Line  includes  tractors,  thresh¬ 
ers,  combines,  peanut  pickers,  saw  mills, 
balers,  silo  fillers,  feed  mills,  manure 
spreaders,  implements  and  supplies.  Keep 
in  touch  with  your  Frick  Branch  or  Dealer. 

Branches  at  Canandaigua,  New  York, 
Williamsport  and  Easton,  Penna.,  Etc. 

FRICK  CO.,  Waynesboro,  Penna. 


Farm  Machinery’’ 


(608)  is 


American  Agriculturist,  November  7,  1942 


eat  is  hard  on 
-  rubber.  Throwing  your  rubber 
footwear  down  beside  the  stove  is  just 
one  more  way  to  help  the  Axis  by  using  up  per¬ 
fectly  good  rubber.  Make  the  Ball-Band  Rubber  Footwear  you 
now  own  last  as  long  as  possible  to — SAVE  RUBBER. 


THIS  IS  HOW  TO  MAKE  YOUR  RUBBER  FOOTWEAR  LAST: 


KEEP  CLEAN  .  .  .  dirt,  oil,  grease,  and 
acid  are  enemies  of  rubber. 

DRY  SLOWLY  .  .  .  away  from  stove  or 
registers  to  prevent  brittleness  and  cracking. 
KEEP  OUT  OF  SUN  .  .  .  waterproof  foot¬ 
wear  will  last  much  longer  when  stored  in 
a  cool,  dry,  dark  place. 


AVOID  WRINKLES  WHEN  NOT  IN  USE 

.  . .  creases  cause  cracks  and  breaks. 

PUT  ON  AND  TAKE  OFF  WITH  CARE 

...  a  careless  jerk  may  tear  uppers  or  linings. 
SALVAGE  .  .  .  turn  in  your  worn  out  rub¬ 
ber  to  your  local  salvage  committee.  Old 
rubber  can  be  reclaimed.  ^ 


When  You  Must  Have  New  Footwear 


FALSE 

TEETH 


90  DAY  TRIAL 

MONEY  BACK  GUARANTEE  of 
SATISFACTION  protects  you. 


6th  YEAR 

Buy  where  thousands  have 
been  satisfied.  We  make 
FALSE  TEETH  for  you  from 
your  own  impressions. 

LOW 
AS 


SEND  NO  MONEY 


Write  TODAY  for  FREE 
Booklet  and  Material. 


I  B.  CLEVELAND  DENTAL  PLATE  CO. 

Dept.  22-R2  East  SH  Louis,  Illinois 


rilDICTMAC  f  ADTIQ  10  Beautiful  folders, 
LrllxU  1  lTirVO  25c.  Introductory  offer. 

PARMINGTON,  AI329  Culver,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


AT  WAYS  use  t^le  comPlete  address 
/"v  when  answering  advertise¬ 

ments,  and  avoid  any  delay. 


Splendid  Cough 
Relief  Is  Easily 
Mixed  at  Home 

No  Cooking.  Makes  Big  Saving. 

To  get  quick  and  satisfying-  relief  from 
coughs  due  to  colds,  mix  this  recipe  in 
your  kitchen.  Once  tried,  you’ll  never  be 
without  it,  and  it’s  so  simple  and  easy. 

First,  make  a  syrup  by  stirring  2  cups 
granulated  sugar  and  one  cup  of  water  a 
few  moments,  until  dissolved.  A  child 
could  do  it.  No  cooking  needed.  Or  you 
can  use  corn  syrup  or  liquid  honey, 
instead  of  sugar  syrup. 

Then  get  2%  ounces  of  Pinex  from  any 
druggist.  This  is  a  special  compound  of 
proven  ingredients,  in  concentrated  form, 
well-known  for  its  prompt  action  on 
throat  and  bronchial  membranes. 

Put  the  Pinex  into  a  pint  bottle,  and 
add  your  syrup.  Thus  you  make  a  full 
pint  of  really  splendid  medicine  and  you 
get  about  four  times  as  much  for  your 
money.  It  never  spoils,  and  tastes  fine. 

And  for  quick,  blessed  relief,  it  is  amaz¬ 
ing.  You  can  feel  it  take  hold  in  a  way 
that  means  business.  It  loosens  the 
phlegm,  soothes  the  irritated  membranes, 
and  eases  the  soreness.  Thus  it  makes 
breathing  easy,  and  lets  you  get  restful 
sleep.  Just  try  it,  and  if  not  pleased, 
your  money  will  be  refunded. 


Coming  to 

PHILADELPHIA  ? 

Rooms  with  Bath  for  $^QQ 

HOTEL  Radios  in  Every 

P  H  I  L  A  D  E  L 


Room 

PHIAN 


39TH  AND  CHESTNUT  STREETS 
PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 


City_ 


State 


•‘New  Davis  folder 
saves  your  sugar 
in  home  baking. 
Check  coupon  for 
folder,  FREE  —  or 
enclose  10c  for  the 
famous  DavisCook 
Book  and  folder. 


R.  B.  DAVIS  COMPANY 
13  Jackson  Street, 

Hoboken,  N.  J. 

□  Send  me  FREE,  new 
Davis  Folder  of  20  Sugar 
Saving  Recipes. 

□  Send  me  Davis  Mas¬ 
ter  Pattern  Baking  For¬ 
mulas,  and  new  Folder. 

I  enclose  10c.  (pleQse  pri„,  phjnly) 

Name. 


I  ' 


CANNING  MEAT 


A  GOOD  RULE  to  follow  in  preserv¬ 
ing  meat  is  to  cure  as  much  as 
possible  and  can  the  rest,  aside  from 
that  which  can  be  eaten  fresh. 

Canning  and  curing  work  no  magic; 
if  you  kill  an  old  tough  animal,  the 
chances  are  that  your  cured  and  can¬ 
ned  meat  will  be  correspondingly  old 
and  tough.  One  does  not  expect  to  get 
choice  steaks  or  roasts  from  such  an 


Cjlace  WathUtl  cMucJzett 


animal;  hence  the  natural  conclusion 
would  be  that  stews  and  chopped  meat 
would  be  the  best  use  of  it.  Yet  every 
scrap  of  meat  can  be  utilized  in  some 
way,  even  that  of  poultry,  game  and 
fish.  The  same  general  methods  of 
canning  apply  to  all,  with  a  few  varia¬ 
tions  necessary  in  preparing  each  in¬ 
dividual  type  of  meat. 

Use  a  pressure  canner  if  one  is  avail¬ 
able.  Meat  is  a  solid  dense  material 
and  needs  the  better  heat  penetration 
obtained  by  using  a  pressure  canner. 
If  a  boiling- water-bath  must  be  used, 
have  water  boiling  actively  when  filled 
jars  are  put  in,  and  keep  boiling  con¬ 
stantly  for  the  required  time.  Water 
should  be  kept  from  1  to  2  inches  above 
the  tops  of  the  jars  throughout  the 
processing  period.  A  tightly  covered 
wash-boiler  or  deep  kettle  with  rack  to 
place  underneath  the  jars  will  answer. 

Have  on  hand  the  usual  long-handled 
forks,  spoons,  wide-mouthed  funnels, 
strainers,  jar-lifters,  or  other  labor- 
savers.  Be  sure  that  all  jars  and  rub¬ 
bers  are  perfect. 

Any  home-canned  meat  should  be 
cooked  at  least  10  minutes  in  an  open 
vessel  before  being  tasted  or  served. 
This  is  highly  essential,  especially  if 
the  boiling-water-bath  has  been  used 
instead  of  the  pressure  cooker.  There 
is  always  the  possibility  of  botulinus 
poisoning  and  one  cannot  be  too  care¬ 
ful.  If  gas  bubbles  appear,  if  contents 
of  can  have  a  peculiar  odor,  if  the 
product  is  soft,  mushy,  slimy  or  moldy, 


Canning  makes  possible  the  year-round 
enjoyment  of  sausage.  Use  any  tested 
recipe;  follow  procedure  given  in  table 
accompanying  this  article. 


discard  the  contents  of  the  can.  Do 
not  feed  it  to  poultry  or  animals.  A 
bulgy  tin  can  also  indicates  spoilage. 

TO  PREPARE  THE  MEAT 

1.  Use  meat  from  healthy  animals  only. 

2.  Animal  heat  must  have  left  the  meat 
entirely  before  canning  (usually  re¬ 
quires  24  hours.) 

3.  Keep  meat  cool.  Do  not  let  it  freeze; 
frozen  meat  when  canned  is  dry  and 
stringy.  Meat  handles  better  after  2  or 
3  days,  if  weather  is  cold  enough  to 
permit  holding  it  that  long. 

4.  Be  scrupulously  clean  in  handling 
meat.  Scrub  work  surfaces  thoroughly, 
wipe  meat  carefully  with  clean  damp 
cloth;  do  not  dip  or  soak  meat  in  water 
as  this  dfaws  out  the  juices. 

5.  Cut  away  dark  portions,  excess  fat 
and  cartilage;  remove  bones.  Slice  meat 
across  grain,  then  cut  into  pieces  of 
suitable  size  for  serving. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  precook  meat. 
Precooking  gives  canned  meat  a  warm¬ 
up  flavor.  Neither  is  it  advisable  to  add 
water  unless  you  wish  the  flavor  of 
stewed  meat.  Thickening  agents,  such 
as  flour  or  eggs,  tend  to  prevent  heat 
( Continued  on  opposite  page) 


CANNING  TIME  TABLE 

BEEF,  LAMB, 
PORK,  VEAL 

PREPARATION  FOR  CANNING 

Cut  away  all  dark  portions,  ex¬ 
cess  fat  and  cartilage;  remove 
any  bones.  Cut  the  meat  into 
pieces.  Pack  raw  or  sear.  Add 
salt.  Omit  water. 

PRESSURE 
Pint  or 

No.  2  cans 

55  min. 

15  LBS. 
Quart  or 
No.  3  cans 

60  min. 

BOILING 

WATER 

BATH 

4  hrs. 

I 

POULTRY: 
Chicken, 
domestic  rabbit, 
duck,  turkey 

Bleed  well.  Cool  thoroughly.  Cut 
dressed  animal  into  pieces.  Leg 
and  wing  bones  may  be  left  in. 
Pack  raw  or  sear.  Add  salt. 

55  min. 

60  min. 

4  hrs. 

STOCK: 

meat,  chicken 

Skim  off  any  excess  fat.  Strain 
through  cheesecloth.  Add  salt. 
Fill  containers  with  boiling  hot 
stock. 

55  min. 

60  min. 

4  hrs. 

FISH: 
all  kinds 

Use  only  firm  fresh  fish.  Bleed 
well.  Wash  thoroughly.  Pack 
raw  or  precook.  Pack,  add  salt. 

80  min.  (tin) 

85  min.  (pint) 

GAME: 

Deer,  wild  birds, 
geese 

Bleed  well,  thoroughly  cool,  soak 
in  brine  30  min.  or  parboil.  Pack 
raw  or  precook.  Add  salt. 

55  min. 

60  min. 

4  hrs. 

HAMBURGER 

* 

N 

Grind  meat  through  a  plate  with 
y8"  holes.  Add  1  cup  salt  for 
each  25  lbs.  meat ;  pack  cold  meat 
tightly  into  tin  cans  and  exhaust 
until  meat  is  steaming  hot.  Then 
seal  and  process.  If  canning  in 
glass  jars,  form  meat  into  cakes. 
Precook  in  oven,  pack  hot  into 
jars  and  cover  with  broth. 
Process  immediately. 

60  min. 

65  min. 

4  hrs. 

SAUSAGE 

Follow  any  tested  recipe  for 
sausage,  but  omit  sage  as  pro¬ 
cessing  makes  it  bitter.  Precook 
and  process  as  for  hamburger. 

60  min. 

65  min. 

4  hrs. 

Anerican  Agriculturist,  November  7,  1942 


19  (609) 


penetration.  Excess  fat  has  same  effect. 

Precooking,  if  done,  may  mean  sear¬ 
ing  the  meat  in  a  frying  pan  or  in 
oven,  or  it  may  mean  par-boiling  in  a 
kettle;  choose  the  method  you  prefer. 

TO  PREPARE  POULTRY 

Draw  the  dressed  poultry  as  for 
cooking;  remove  lungs.  Scrub  skin 
with  brush  and  lukewarm  suds;  rinse 
thoroughly  under  running  water.  Re¬ 
move  whole  legs,  split  them  at  the 
joint;  cut  off  wings  and  chop  off  their 
tips.  Remove  the  oil  sac.  Cut  meat 
off  the  bones.  Begin  at  the  breast,  cut 
down  around  the  back  end  and  to  the 
neck.  Keep  all  in  one  piece.  Remove 
neck. 

Pack  by  arranging  all  pieces  so  that 
the  skin,  and  not  the  flesh,  touches  the 
container.  Giblets  may  be  canned  sep¬ 
arately. 

TO  PREPARE  FISH 

Scale  or  skin  ABSOLUTELY  FRESH 
fish.  Fish  should  not  have  been  out 
of  the  water  more  than  4  or  5  hours. 
Remove  head,  fins,  tail  and  entrails,  al¬ 
so  backbone  in  large  fish.  Soak  fish  in 
slightly  salted  water  to  extract  blood, 
from  10  minutes  to  one  hour,  depending 
on  size.  Fish  meat  may  be  hardened  by 
soaking  in  brine  strong  enough  to  float 
a  potato.  Do  not  attempt  to  can  fish 
without  a  pressure  cooker. 

PACKING  MEAT  IN  CONTAINER 

1.  Allow  about  3  pounds  of  trimmed 
meat  per  quart  container  and  from  1  to 
IV2  teaspoons  salt.  Add  part  of  the  salt 
when  the  container  is  half  packed,  the 
rest  when  the  jar  is  filled. 

2.  Leave  a  y2  -inch  headspace  at  the  top. 

WHEN  USING  TIN  CANS 

1.  Plain  tin  cans  are  used  for  meats 
and  fish,  except  shell-fish  which  require 
Fish  C  enamelled  cans. 

2.  Place  all  the  salt  at  the  bottom  of 


the  can,  as  salt  may  corrode  covers. 

3.  Leave  a  headspace  of  %  to  y2  inch. 

4.  Exhaust  the  air  from  the  filled  can 
by  heating  it  in  a  bath  of  boiling  water 
that  comes  to  1  y2  to  2  inches  of  the  top 
of  the  can.  Heat  until  meat  is  steaming 
hot  or  170°  F.  Time  required  is  about 
40  to  50  minutes  for  No.  2  £ans.  Seal 
and  process  immediately. 

SEALING  AND  PROCESSING 

1.  Wipe  tops  of  jars  or  rubber  rings 
absolutely  clean,  and  put  lids  in  place. 

2.  Screw  tightly  vacuum-seal  jars.  Af¬ 
ter  removing  this  type  jar  from  canner, 
do  not  touch  the  top  for  24  hours. 

3.  The  one-piece  screw-top  jars  should 
be  screwed  tightly,  then  loosened  a 
half-turn.  At  end  of  processing  period 
tighten  the  top  securely. 

4.  On  glass-top  jars,  click  the  top  bail 
into  position,  but  leave  lower  bail  up 
while  processing;  click  lower  bail  down 
at  end  of  processing. 

5.  Have  canner  ready  to  receive  filled 
containers ;  water  in  both  boiling- water- 
bath  and  pressure  .canner  should  be 
boiling. 

6.  When  processing  time  is  ended,  al¬ 
low  pressure  gauge  to  fall  to  zero  and 
stay  two  minutes  before  opening  pet 
cock  slowly  and  carefully.  Remove 
cover  from  cooker  and  complete  seal¬ 
ing  of  the  jars.* 

7.  Remove  containers  immediately  from 
canner;  set  glass  containers  upright 
and  far  apart  in  a  well  ventilated  but 
not  drafty  place. 

8.  Cool  tin  cans  with  running  water  or 
by  plunging  into  several  changes  of 
cold  water. 

9.  Do  not  pack  jars  or  cans  closely  un-. 
til  thoroughly  cold. 

10.  Wash  containers  thoroughly,  but 
carefully  so  as  not  to  break  the  seal. 

11.  Label  carefully,  giving  name  of 
product,  date  and  grade. 

12.  Store  in  clean,  cool,  well  ventilated 
place.  Avoid  steam  pipes  and  furnaces. 


STOCKING  RIJNS 

(Mending  Lesson  No.  17) 

By  MILDRED  CARNEY, 

Cornell  Clothing  Specialist. 


TO  MEND  stocking  runs  successful¬ 
ly,  a  fine  needle  and  fine  matching 
thread  are  necessary.  One  method  of 
getting  thread  is  to  save  all  old  stock¬ 
ings  and  use  the  thread  for  mending- 
runs.  Most  people  buy  several  pairs 
of  the  same  color,  and  the  tops  of  these 
stockings,  when  worn  out,  will  give  a 


good  smooth  darning  yarn. 

Cut  off  the  tops  of  old  stockings  and 
remove  the  back  seam.  Then  the 
threads  will  ravel  easily.  Smooth  out 
the  kinks  by  moistening  them  or  by 
winding  around  a  bottle  full  of  hot 
water.  This  is  fine,  strong  thread  and 
you  can  match  the  color  of  stockings 
perfectly  with  it. 

With  a  fine  needle,  and  fine  thread 
from  the  tops  of  stockings,  the  follow¬ 
ing  methods  may  be  used  to  mend  nar¬ 
row  runs  in  silk,  rayon,  nylon,  or  cot¬ 
ton  stockings.  Always  catch  the  loop 
at  the  end  of  the  stitch  and  make  a 
buttonhole  stitch  to  hold  the  mending 
stitches  firmly. 

1.  They  may  be  caught  together  by  fine 
running  sitches.  (Fig.  1.) 

2.  They  may  be  caught  together  with  a 
back-and-forth  stitch.  (Fig.  2.) 

3.  They  may  be  overhanded  together. 
(Fig.  3.) 

4.  Runs  may  be  drawn  together  with 
the  baseball  stitch.  (Fig.  4.) 

In  all  of  these  stitches,  make  them 
more  or  less  loosely  so  that  there  will 
be  no  strain  in  the  stretching  of  the 
stocking.  Mend  them  from  the  wrong 
side,  and  if  the  thread  matches  they 
will  be  inconspicuous. 

5.  Runs  may  be  stitched  on  the  ma¬ 
chine.  Hold  the  edges  together  and 
stitch  as  close  to  the  edge  as  possible. 
(Be  sure  that  the  loop  at  the  end  of  the 
run  is  caught  and  fastened  securely. 

Very  wide  runs  cannot  often  be 
(mended  successfully.  To  prevent  fu¬ 
ture  runs,  catch  snags  together  on  the 
wrong  side.  Take  a  small  back  stitch 
at  the  beginning  and  end  to  fasten  the 
thread  securely,  and  leave  the  thread 
loose  for  elasticity. 


Pillsbury’s  "FAVORITE”  BREAD 


. . .  happiest  bread  triumph  you’ve  ever  had  ...  all  because 


PILLSBURY’S  YEAST  BREAD  RECIPE 

makes  6  big  loaves 

( Don't  lose  this  recipe— because  the  family  will  beg  for  more  and  more 
of  these  delicious,  golden-crusted  loaves!) 


Temperature:  400°  F. 

•  4  cups  scalded  milk 

•  Vi  cup  sugar 

•  3  tablespoons  salt 

•  6  tablespoons  lard 


Time:  about  45  to  50  minutes 
2  cakes  compressed  yeast 
4  cups  lukewarm  water 
6  quarts  (6  lbs.)  sifted 
Pillsbury’s  Best  Enriched  Flour 


(Pillsbury’s  Best  is  enriched  with  two  valuable  B-vitamins  and 
iron,  with  no  change  in  its  creamy-white  color,  its  mellow  wheaty 
flavor  ...  or  the  perfect  way  it  works  in  all  your  baking.) 


blend  well.  4.  Knead  on  floured  board  about 
10  minutes.  5.  Place  in  greased  bowl,  cover; 
set  to  rise  in  warm  place  (80°  F.  to  85°  F.) 
about  two  hours  (till  impression  of  finger 
stays  in  dough). 


1.  Combine  scalded  milk,  sugar,  salt,  and  lard; 
stir  till  dissolved  and  lukewarm.  2.  Soften 
yeast  in  Vi  c.  lukewarm  water.  Add  yeast 
and  remaining  water  to  cooled  milk  mixture. 

3.  Sift  flour  once,  then  measure.  Add  Vi  to 
yeast  mixture;  beat  well.  Add  rest  of  flour; 

Remember— Pillsbury’s  Best  does  more  than  merely  give  you  wonderful  breads 
and  biscuits.  From  the  same  bag  you  can  bake  delicious  cakes,  cookies,  pies  .  .  . 
flaky  toppings  for  your  budget  one-dish  meals !  Pillsbury’s  Best  is  a  truly  all¬ 
purpose  flour.  And— it’s  truly  dependable,  too.  It’s  BAKE-PROVED  before  it  ever 
reaches  you— pretested  by  actual  baking  tests  4  to  6  times  a  day  during  muling. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  your  money  back , 

6.  Punch  gas  from  dough;  cover;  let  rise 
again  for  about  Vi  hour.  7.  Put  on  floured 
board;  flatten  out.  Cut  and  mold  into  6  balls; 
let  rest  (closely  covered)  for  15  min.  Shape 


into  loaves.  8.  Place  in  greased  9x5x3-in. 
loaf  pans;  cover;  keep  in  warm  place  till 
dough  fills  pan  and  center  rises  above  top 
(about  2  hrs.).  Bake  in  hot  oven. 


of  that  dependable  all-purpose  flour,  Pillsbury’s  Best! 


ENRICHED  WIT  H  T  W 0  B  -  V  I  T  A  M I  NS  AND  I  RON 


Be  sure  it’s  cool  before  you  store  it.  But  first-call  the  family  into  the  kitchen  for 
a  fresh,  piping-hot  sample.  See  if  they  don’t  say  it’s  the  best  bread  you  ve  ever 
baked!  To  enjoy  that  kind  of  baking  every  time,  be  sure  you  always  have  a  bag  of 
Pillsbury’s  Best  dependable,  all-purpose  flour  on  hand. 

For  special  Dry -Yeast  Bread  Recipe,  write  to  Pillsbury  Flour  Mills  Company. 


L-A-D-l-E-S!  Accept  this  lovely  satin 
slip— yours  for  Pillsbury  Thrift  Stars! 

An  exceptionally  fine  slip  of 
multi -filament,  woven  rayon 
satin  of  extra-fine  count.  Made 
with  4  gores  for  perfect  fit— 
with  pull-proof  seams.  This  and 
many,  many  more  attractive  and 
practical  premiums  are  yours 
for  Pillsbury  Thrift  Stars,  which 
come  with  Pillsbury’s  Best  and 
other  Pillsbury  products.  For 
details,  see  recipe  folder  In  your 
Pillsbury’s  Best  bag,  or  write 
Pillsbury  Flour  Mills,  Dept. 

N-3  8 ,  Minneapolis,  for  new  free 
premium  catalog. 

BAKE-PROVED. ..to  protect  your  baking 


(610)  20 


American  Agriculturist,  November  7,  1942 


FREE!  40-page,  full-color  book  with  over 
60  recipes.  Write  Standard  Brands,  Inc., 
595  Madison  Ave.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


Seventy-five  (75%)  per  cent  of  the 


listening  audience  lives  outside 
of  Rochester.  That  is  the  reason 
we  employ  50,000  watts  of  pow¬ 
er  and  the  clear  channel  system 
of  broadcasting.  It  is  important 
your  reception  be  as  free  from 
interference  as  possible. 


Our  programs  are  built  for 
entertainment,  information  and 
vital  statistics.  We  sincerely 
hope  you  enjoy  listening  to 

WHAM 

* 

1180  on  the  dial  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


Qiamausi 

PUui! 

No.  2981.  This  is  one  of  the  most 
useful  dresses  you  could  add  to  your 
wardrobe  —  casual  enough  for  general 
wear,  soft  enough  for  dressier  occas¬ 
ions.  Sizes  14  to  48.  Size  36,  only  3% 
yards  39-inch  fabric. 

No.  2664.  A  princess  dress  that  sets 
off  young  charms  to  perfection— smart 
for  any  time,  lovely  for  a  date  dress. 
Sizes  12  to  20.  Size  16,  3%  yards  35- 
inch  fabric  with  y2  yard  39-inch  con¬ 
trasting. 

No.  3178.  Outfitting  the  young  is  a 
special  pleasure — a  smallster  looks  so 
cunning  in  this  little  coat  and  dress, 
both  in  one  pattern.  Sizes  2  to  8.  Size 
4,  for  coat,  1%  yards  35-inch  fabric; 
and  for  dress,  2  Vi  yards  35-inch. 

No.  2629.  A  grand  suggestion  for  a 
Christmas  present,  for  a  contribution 
to  a  gift  sale,  or  for  a  present  to  your¬ 
self,  is  this  attractive  apron  that  you 
can  make  from  a  mere  yard  of  35-inch 
fabric,  plus  2  Vi  yards  of  decorative  ric- 
rac.  Pattern  comes  in  one  size. 

No.  3096.  A  gathered  skirt  on  a  not- 
too-fitted  basque  top  makes  this  little 
jumper  one  of  the  cutest  little  dresses 
you  can  imagine,  just  the  ticket  for  a 
washable.  Sizes  4  to  10.  Size  8,  for 
jumper,  1 V4  yards  35-inch  fabric;  and 
for  blouse,  1 V8  yards. 

No.  3372.  A  girl  is  never  too  young 
to  love  a  little  glamour  in  her  life,  and 
any  girl  would  adore  this  basque-dirndl, 
especially  if  you  make  it  in  velveteen 
for  Sunday  best.  It’s  a  practical  pat¬ 
tern,  however,  for  many  a  fabric.  Sizes 
6  to  14.  Size  8,  2  yards  35-inch  fabric 
with  1V4  yards  ruffling. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address, 
pattfem  size  and  number  clearly  and 
enclose  15c  in  coins  or  stamps  (prefer¬ 
ably  in  coins).  Address  Pattern  Dept., 
American  Agriculturist,  10  North  Cher¬ 
ry  Street,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

A  book  you  need!  Indispensable  for 
home  sewing!  Get  our  Fall-Winter 
Fashion  Book  full  of  smart  styles  easy 
to  make  and  inspiring  to  wear.  It  con- 


PeM,anxUPn&IUenul 


A  Discourteous  Invitation 

Dear  Lucile :  My  brother  has  been 
teaching  a  group  of  girls  this  summer 
and  as  they  complete  their  course,  they 
plan  to  give  him  a  banquet  and  present 
him  with  a  gift.  They  know  he  is  mar¬ 
ried,  but  have  never  met  his  wife,  so  have 
not  invited  her.  He  has  declined  the  in¬ 
vitation,  but  they  insist,  and  rather  than 
offend  them,  he  thinks  maybe  he  should 
accept  and  go  without  her.  This  would 
probably  make  her  angry.  What  should 
he  do? — Sister  Sal. 

It  is  always  discourteous  to  invite  a 
man  to  anything  of  a  social  nature 
without  including  his  wife.  Your 
brother  should  either  continue  to  de¬ 
cline  the  invitation,  or  accept  it  for 
himself  and  his  wife.  I  think  she 
would  have  a  perfect  right  to  have  hurt 
feelings  if  he  went  without  her. 

*  *  * 

Speaking  and  Meeting 

Dear  Lucile :  When  you  meet  a  boy  on 
the  street,  which  is  proper  —  for  you  to 
speak  first,  or  for  him  to? 

If  you  are  going  out  with  a  fellow 
should  you  meet  him  on  the  street  or 
have  him  come  to  your  home? — Ethel. 

When  you  meet  a  boy  you  know  on 
the  street,  speak  to  him.  If  he  is  a 
close  friend,  you’ll  probably  both  speak 
at  once,  but  it’s  proper  for  you  to 


tains  over  150  pattern  designs  for  all 
sizes,  ages  and  occasions,  including  sev¬ 
eral  especially  good  for  Christmas 
gifts.  Price  just  12c;  or  send  25c  for  a 
fashion  book  and  a  pattern  of  your 
own  choosing. 


speak  first,  in  case  he  doesn’t. 

Any  young  man  you  have  a  date 
with  should,  barring  unusual  circum¬ 
stances,  call  for  you  at  your  home. 
Street  comer  meetings  aren’t  for  nice 
girls. 

*  *  * 

She  Deserves  Share 

Dear  Lucile :  I  have  been  married  two 
years,  and  ever  since  my  husband  has 
been  paying  back  bills  of  his  father’s. 
His  father  is  dead,  but  when  bills  come 
up  he  still  insists  on  paying  them. 

When  I  ask  for  something  new  we  al¬ 
ways  have  an  argument.  Do  you  think 
I  should  go  out  and  earn  money  for  my- 
( Continued  on  opposite  page ) 


“That’s  funny!  I  could  have 
sworn  I  had  your  letter  right  here 
next  to  my  heart!” 


American  Agriculturist,  November  ?,  1S42 


V 


21  (611) 


3 


-PURPOSE 

MEDICINE 


Hits 
HEAD  COLD 
Misery  Fast! 

If  you  are  suffering  with  discomforts  of 
a  head  cold,  enjoy  the  grand  relief  that 
comes  when  you  use  Vicks  Va-tro-nol. 
3-purpose  Va-tro-nol  is  so  effective 
because  it  does  three  important  things. 
It  (1)  shrinks  swollen  membranes,  (2) 
soothes  irritation,  (3)  helps  clear  cold- 
clogged  nasal  passages.  And  so  brings 
wonderful  relief!  .  .  .  And  remember, 
if  used  in  time,  Va-tro-nol 
helps  to  prevent  <T  Wk 

many  colds  devel-  VICKS 
oping.  Follow  di-  ...  -nA  UAa 
rections  in  folder.  VA'IRO'NQi 


If  You  Suffer  Distress  From  ^ 

✓FEMALE  | 
WEAKNESS 

Which  Makes  You  Cranky,  Nervous— 

If  at  such  times  you  suffer  cramps, 
tired,  nervous,  cranky  feelings,  distress 
of  “irregularities” — due  to  functional 
monthly  disturbances — start  at  once 
— try  Lydia  E.  Pinkham’s  Vegetable 
Compound — so  helpful  to  relieve  such 
distress  because  of  its  soothing  effect  on 
one  of  woman’s  most  important  organs . 

Taken  regularly  —  Pinkham’s  Com¬ 
pound  helps  build  up  resistance 
against  such  symptoms .  Also  a  fine  sto¬ 
machic  tonic.  Follow  label  directions. 

For  free  trial  bottle  tear  this  out 
and  send  with  name  and  address  to 
the  Lydia  E.  Pinkham  Medicine  Co., 
666  Cleveland  St.,  Lynn,  Mass. 


Jo  Relieve  ffftfe.  0Ef 

Misery 

C/S666 

LIQUID.  TABLETS.  SALVE .  NOSE  DROPS 


FALSE  TEETH 


AS  LOW  AS  $7.95 

Per  Plate,  DENTAL  PLATES 
are  made  in  our  own  laboratory 
from  your  personal  impression. 
Our  workmanship  and  material 
GUARANTEED  or  purchase  price  refunded.  We  take  this 
risk  on  our  60-day  trial  offer.  DO  NOT  SEND  ANY  MONEY! 
MAIL  POST  CARD  for  FREE  Material  and  Catalog  of  our 
LOW  PRICES.  DON’T  PUT  IT  OFF  — Write  ns  TODAY 
BRIGHTON  -  THOMAS  DENTAL  LABORATORY 
Dept.  1479  6217  S.  Halstead  Street,  Chicago,  III. 


For  VICTORY  and  PEACE 


BUY 


War  Bonds  and  Stamps 


QUIITING  PATTERNS 


EASY 
TO 
USE 

AT  YOUR  LOCAL  DEPT.  STORE 


Try  this  new, easy,  quick  method  for  mark¬ 
ing  quilting  designs.  Use  a  LOCKPORT 
pattern  .  .  .  just  trace  with  a  pencil.  I\o 
smudges!  Wide  choice  of  patterns.  See 
your  dealer  or  send  35c  to  receive  post¬ 
paid  the  IV2  in.  circular  quilting  pattern 
illustrated.  Catalog  of  10  quilt  designs 
and  105  quilting  patterns  included  free. 


LOCKPORT  COTTON  BATTING  CO. 

LOCKPORT,  NEW  YORK 


AUNT  JANET’S 
fyau&ute,  R.ecip& 

SOYBEANS — the  edible  kind- 
will  become  more  and  more 
important  to  us  as  fats  become 
scarcer,  because  soybeans  contain 
a  large  percentage  of  fat.  But 
aside  from  their  value  as  food, 
here  is  a  “taste-good”  way  of 
using  them  which  will  appeal  to 
young  and  old  alike: 

Salted  Soybeans 
Soak  dry  soybeans  overnight  or 
until  completely  swollen.  Dry 
between  towels;  fry  in  deep  fat 
a  few  beans  at  a  time  until 
slightly  brown  and  crisp;  drain, 
salt  and  use  as  salted  peanuts 
would  be  used. 

Another  way  is  to  boil  the 
soaked,  washed  beans  for  an  hour 
in  salted  water;  spread  in  a  shal¬ 
low  pan  and  roast  in  a  moderate 
oven  (350°  F.)  until  brown. 

Sprinkle  with  salt  while  still 
warm. 

Still  another  way  is  to  saute 
the  unsoaked  beans  in  fat  until 
brown,  then  finish  off  in  the  oven 
to  be  sure  that  the  starch  is  thor¬ 
oughly  cooked.  There  is  enough 
fat  in  the  beans  to  make  this 
possible.  Test  by  tasting  oc¬ 
casionally  to  see  if  the  nut-like 
flavor  has  been  developed.  This 
does  not  require  soaking  but  does 
require  long  slow  cooking. 


( Continued  from  opposite  page ) 
self?  I'm  getting  so  I  hate  to  ask  for 
things,  but  I  think  I’m  entitled  to  some 
of  the  money.  What  do  you  think? — F.F. 

While  I  admire  the  honesty  of  your 
husband  in  settling  his  dead  father’s 
debts,  my  sympathies  lie  with  you. 
Certainly  you  have  more  of  a  right  to 
a  part  of  your  husband’s  money  than 
creditors  of  his  father’s  estate.  I  don’t 
think  he  has  any  legal  obligations; 
certainly  his  moral  ones  lie  with  equip¬ 
ping  his  home  and  providing  for  his 
wife. 


The  Amateur  Poet’s 
Corner 

Because  of  the  number  of  contributions 

we  do  not  return  poems  not  published. 

Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 

Agriculturist,  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y 

Not  In  the  Headlines 

Jeweled  lady  Night;  tiptoeing  down  the 
sky, 

Why  come  you  silently  to  brush  the 
lane, 

To  smooth,  cool-fingered,  all  the  ruffled 
grass, 

And  kneeling,  cloaked  in  black,  to  say 
again, 

As  to  a  fevered  child,  those  gentle 
things 

That  mothers  say? 

Why  come  you,  Night,  so  still? 

No  blaze  of  moon,  no  merry  rush  of 
wind 

To  tousle  through  the  trees  upon  the 
hill. 

No  peeking  stars;  no  wind  harp  for  a 
song; 

Nor  fairy  pictures  mirrored  on  the 
lake; 

Nor  fire-balloon  of  moon  to  bob  along 

And  keep  the  child,  enraptured,  wide 
awake. 

No  bedtime  play  tonight.  The  Night 
has  knelt, 

Black-cloaked  and  silent;  eyes  a  tear- 
wet  blur. 

Night,  tell!  Did  childish  voices  call  in 
pain, 

And  did  you  hear  the  fevered  world 
astir  ? 

—Madeline  Sherman, 

East  Northfield,  Mass. 


The  One  "Bottleneck" 
We  Can  Never  Break 


Many  women  have  asked  us,  “Why  should  grocers  have 
difficulty,  at  times,  in  getting  Karo  Syrup  for  us?  Isn’t 
there  plenty  of  corn?  Just  what  is  the  ‘bottleneck’  that  is 
limiting  production?” 

To  the  makers  of  Karo,  “bottleneck”  is  not  a  figure  of 
speech;  it  is  an  actuality.  Any  single  drop  of  Karo  may  find 
its  way  into  a  baby’s  bottle.  So  every  drop  must  be  pure,  of 
highest  quality. 

It  takes  time  and  care  and  skill  to  make  Karo  as  fine  as  it  is. 
Our  syrup  plants  are  now  producing  24  hours  a  day.  The 
Army  wants  more  Karo.  The  Navy  wants  more.  America’s 
housewives  want  more.  But  any  further  stepping  up  of  pro¬ 
duction  would  mean  letting  down  on  quality  .  .  .  and  this 
we  will  never  do. 

If  your  grocer  is  out  of  your  favorite  flavor  of  Karo,  please 
don’t  blame  him.  He  would  prefer  to  sell  Karo  because  he 
knows  its  quality.  Just  remember  this:  When  you  do  get 
genuine  Karo,  it  will  be  exactly  the  same  fine  product  you 
have  always  known,  trusted  and  enjoyed. 

Because  there  is  no  substitute  for  quality, 
there  never  can  be  a  “substitute"  for  Karo. 


CORN  PRODUCTS  REFINING  COMPANY  •  17  Battery  Place,  New  York 


1 


(612)  22 


Kernels,  Screenings 
and  Chaff 

By  n.  E.  BABCOCK 


LAST  night,  in  fact  well  into  the 
night,  we  were  busy  unloading  a 
carload  of  Hereford  feeder  calves. 
Although  during  the  past  five 
years  I  have  shipped  in  and  unloaded 
several  hundred  calves  from  the  South¬ 
west,  I  had  particular  interest  in  this 
shipment. 

On  Road  Nine  Bays 

At  about  seven  o’clock  on  Monday, 
October  19,  I  had  helped  load  these 
calves  at  a  Santa  Fe  Railroad  siding 
on  the  edge  of  the  0-6  Ranch  in  the 
Davis  Mountains  of  Texas.  Almost  ex¬ 
actly  nine  days  later  to  the  hour,  I  was 
unloading  them  from  the  switch  on  my 
own  farm  four  miles  south  of  Ithaca, 
New  York.  I  had  seen  the  condition  in 
which  the  calves  left  home  and  I  was 
in  a  position  to  compare  it  with  the 
shape  they  were  in  at  the  end  of  a  two 
thousand  mile  journey,  and  after  liv¬ 
ing  nine  days  in  a  stock  car  and  rail¬ 
road  yards. 

Because  they  had  taken  three  days 
longer  than  usual  to  make  the  trip  and 
because  they  had  passed  through  at 
least  one  bad  storm,  I  was  very  much 
worried  about  the  condition  in  whidh 
the  calves  would  arrive.  My  first  feeling 
was  one  of  relief  when  I  glanced  into 
the  car.  The  calves  were  all  on  their 
feet,  they  seemed  alert,  bright-eyed, 
and  I  heard  only  an  occasional  cough 
and  saw  only  a  few  runny  noses. 

Seasoned  Travelers 

The  first  thing  you  will  notice -about 
any  livestock  which  has  been  shipped  a 
long  ways  and  unloaded  several  times 
into  yards  is  that  it  has  learned  how  to 
go  up  and  down  a  gang  plank  and  is 
very  easy  to  handle  from  a  car  into  a 
truck  or  from  a  truck  into  a  yard. 

When  my  little  calves  saw  the  truck 
backed  up  to  their  car,  they  were  just 
as  anxious  as  could  be  to  pile  off  into 
it.  We  made  four  loads  of  them  of  16 
each  for  the  twelve-mile  haul  to  Larch- 
mont  Farm. 

Once  they  were  in  the  truck  where 
I  could  look  down  on  them,  I  could 
see  that  the  fat  little  calves  which 
had  been  separated  from  their  mothers 
only  an  hour  or  so  before  I  loaded  them 
in  Texas  were  badly  shrunken.  I  should 
hate  to  estimate  what  percentage  of 
their  weight  at  point  of  origin  had 
been  lost.  Obviously,  the  first  thing  I’ve 
got  to  do  is  to  regain  this  weight.  I 
mention  the  calves  shrunken  appear¬ 
ance  so  that  those  of  you  who  are  buy¬ 
ing  feeder  calves  for  the  first  time 
won’t  be  too  shocked  when  you  see 
what  you  get.  Expect  your  new  ar¬ 
rivals  to  look  pretty  small  and  tough. 

A  Rough  Start 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  drain  on  my 
calves’  condition  started  before  they 
ever  left  Texas.  Early  on  the  morn¬ 
ing  of  the  day  they  were  shipped,  these 
calves  were  part  of  a  herd  of  perhaps 
2000  head,  cows  with  heifer  and  steer 
calves  by  their  sides. 

The  first  thing  that  happened  to  them 
was  to  be  separated  with  their  mothers 
from  the  cows  with  steer  calves.  Then 
the  herd  of  cows  with  heifer  calves 
was  driven  several  miles  to  the  rail¬ 
road  yard.  In  the  yards  the  cows  were 
separated  from  the  calves  and  the  cal¬ 
ves  graded  for  size.  This  meant  two 
trips  through  the  cutting  chute  for 
them.  It  was  night  time  before  my 
calves  were  ready  to  drive  on  the  car. 
During  the  day  they  had  not  eaten  as 
usual,  probably  had  not  had  any  water 
and  in  addition  had  suffered  the  wrench 


of  being  separated  from  their  mothers 
for  the  first  time. 

It  was  a  carload  of  tired,  hungry, 
thirsty,  and  unhappy  little  calves  which 
started  on  their  long  trip  to  Ithaca.  Of 
course,  during  the  next  nine  days  they 
were  not  to  encounter  any  conditions 
which  would  do  them  any  good.  In¬ 
stead  they  were  sentenced  to  stand  for 
hours  in  a  swaying,  drafty  stock  car, 
to  be  dumped  unceremoniously  at  in¬ 
tervals  into  cold  and  unfamiliar  cattle 
pens,  to  eat  railroad  hay  never  renown¬ 
ed  for  its  quality,  and  finally,  to  make 
a  forced  adjustment  to  a  new  and  cold¬ 
er  climate. 

How  to  Treat  Them 

I  am  telling  you  about  all  these  con¬ 
ditions  so  that  if  you  have  bought 
some  feeder  calves,  you  will  have  a 
little  appreciation  of  what  they  have 
been  through  when  they  arrive  at  your 
farm.  Perhaps  also  out  of  the  experi¬ 
ence  we  have  had  during  the  last  few 
years  with  several  hundred  of  these 
calves,  I  can  mention  some  suggestions 
about  how  to  treat  them  the  first  few 
days  they  are  on  your  farm. 

The  first  thing  you  are  likely  to  think 
about  is  that  they  are  very  hungry  and 
thirsty.  Actually  they  are,  but  they  are 

even  more  tired.  In  pur  experience, 

therefore,  the  ‘conditions  which  they 
seem  most  to  appreciate  are  a  warm 
sheltered  pen,  a  dry  bed,  and  solitude. 

I  don’t  mean  that  they  don’t  need 
food  and  water  and  salt — they  do. 
These  should  be  made  available  to  them 
in  their  pen.  What  I  am  trying  to  em¬ 
phasize,  however,  is  that  they  should 
be  put  in  a  warm  dry  place  and  left 
alone  for  several  days.  Handled  this 
way,  you  will  find  that  they  will  sleep 
for  hours  at  a  stretch,  often  lying  flat 
out  on  their  sides.  Gradually  they  will 
take  more  interest  in  food. 

I  contrast  this  method  of  handling 
them  with  what  might  happen  if  an 
attempt  is  made  to  fit  the  calves  too 
rapidly  into  our  eastern  conditions, 
such  as  fastening  them  in  stanchions, 
mixing  them  with  other  cattle,  and 
driving  them  to  new  and  unfamiliar 
sources  of  water.  Also  I  cannot  em- 

phasize  too  strongely  their  need  for  a 
dry  warm  bed  on  which  they  can  sleep 

for  hours. 

Food  Unfamiliar 

You  must  remember  that  your  new 
calves  are  totally  unfamiliar  with  sil¬ 
age,  grain,  and  hay  except  for  the  lit¬ 
tle  hay  they  have  eaten  on  their  jour¬ 
ney  to  your  farm.  I  have  watched  very 
closely  the  food  which  they  seem  to 
prefer  most  when  they  arrive  here.  My 
conclusion  is  that  it  is  a  fine  mixed 
hay.  This  we  make  available  to  our 
calves  in  unlimited  quantities  while 
they  are  resting.  They  won’t  eat  enough 
of  it  to  hurt  themselves;  and  because 
it  is  something  they  like,  it  gives  them 
a  pleasant  association  for  their  new 
home. 

Shipping  Fever 

Of  course  the  worry  of  all  who 
handle  feeder  calves  in  the  fall  of  the 
year  is  shipping  fever.  Perhaps  I  can 
comfort  you  by  saying  that  unless  it 
shows  up  this  year,  we  have  had  diffi¬ 
culty  with  shipping  fever  in  only  one 
year  out  of  five. 

If  your  calves  arrive  sick  with  ship¬ 
ping  fever  I  am  not  going  ter  tell  you 
how  to  treat  them.  Get  a  good  Vet  on 
the  job  at  once. 


American  Agriculturist,  November  7,  1942 


The  three  pictures  above  show  three 
stages  in  the  “breaking  out”  of  a  three- 
year-old  filly  on  the  South  Springs  Ranch 
at  Roswell,  New  Mexico.  In  the  top  pic¬ 
ture  the  mare,  which  had  never  had  a 
strap  nor  a  human  hand  laid  on  her  ex¬ 
cept  for  a  brief  session  in  a  squeeze  chute 
when  her  foretop  and  mane  were  clipped 
off,  is  roped.  Snubbed  either  to  a  roping 
horse  or  post,  she  was  allowed  to  fight  the 
rope  until  she  gave  up.  Care  was  taken 
not  to  injure  her  windpipe.  Then  she  was 
snubbed  up  to  his  roping  horse  by  H.E.B. 
Jr.,  and  a  hackamore  halter  substituted 
for  the  lasso  (see  middle  picture). 

At  this  point  Shorty  began  handling  her 
until  she  got  somewhat  over  her  fear  of 
him.  Then  he  eased  a  saddle  blanket  on 
her  back,  taking  care  not  to  let  her  shake 
it  off.  A  saddle  followed.  Shorty  reached 
the  girth  with  a  piece  of  haywire  and 
laced  it  so  that  with  a  sudden  jerk  he 


could  pull  it  tight.  At  this  point  he  quick¬ 
ly  got  out  of  the  picture. 

The  mare,  of  course,  bucked  and  did  her 
best  to  free  herself  of  the  saddle;  but  with 
her  nose  snubbed  close  to  the  roping 
horse,  she  couldn’t  get  her  head  down  and 
soon  gave  up  and  followed  him  around 
the  coral,  at  first  reluctantly  and  then, 
as  she  became  halter-broken,  freely. 

Again  Shorty  came  back  (see  bottom 
picture),  and  after  handling  the  mare 
some  more  and  tightening  the  girth, 
climbed  aboard,  leaving  his  mount  still 
tied  to  the  roping  horse.  With  Shorty  on 
her  back,  the  mare  was  again  led  around 
until  Shorty  ordered  to  cut  her  loose. 

Handled  in  this  way,  Shorty  and  Howard 
turn  out  a  working  saddle  horse  in  five 
lessons  of  about  an  hour  each.  They  prefer 
to  ride  these  green  horses  with  a  hacka- 
more  until  they  are  thoroughly  bridle-wise 
before  they  put  a  bit  in  their  mouths. 


American  Agriculturist,  November  7,  1942 


23  (613) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 

Bif  o#.  JH.  G&Uine 


UNORDERED 

“I  just  received  a  box  of  Christmas 
cards  which  I  did  not  order.  I  must  ad¬ 
mit  I  am  somewhat  irritated  by  the 
nuisance  of  paying  the  postage  and  hav¬ 
ing  to  send  them  back.  The  letter  con¬ 
tained  an  appeal  indicating  that  the  man 
who  sent  them  was  disabled  and  in  the 
hospital.” 

We  agree  that  sending  unordered 
merchandise  through  the  mail  is  a 
nuisance.  The  question,  of  course,  is 
what  to  do  with  it.  First,  you  are  un¬ 
der  no  obligation  either  to  buy  it  or  to 
return  it.  Because  you  did  not  order 
it,  you  are  quite  within  your  rights  to 
tell  the  sender  that  you  are  keeping  it 
and  that  he  can  have  it  if  he  calls  for 
it.  It  has  been  suggested  also,  that  you 
might  tell  him  you  are  charging  stor¬ 
age  for  it  at  a  specified  rate,  and  that 
when  the  storage  charges  equal  the 
value,  you  propose  to  use  it. 

The  sympathy  appeal  in  making 
sales  is  much  overworked.  Occasion¬ 
ally  a  case  is  worthy,  but  there  is  no 
way  of  knowing  unless  you  take  the 
time  and  trouble  to  investigate.  As 
long  as  this  type  of  business  is  profit¬ 
able,  it  is  likely  to  continue. 

— a.  a. — 

PRESSURE 

‘‘I  hired  a  man  to  drill  a  well.  He 
started  work  and  I  paid  him  $60.00  to 
pay  for  the  casing.  A  few  days  later  he 
worked  a  few  hours,  and  since  then  he 
has  not  come  back.  Can  I  compel  him  to 
finish  the  well  right  away  or  return  my 
money?” 

You  should  be  able  to  require  the 
finishing  of  this  well  or  the  return  of 
your  money,  but  the  time  that  you  can 
do  it  is  the  thing  in  question.  It  would 
have  helped  your  position  if  you  had 
required  a  written  agreement  from  this 
well-driller  containing  a  definite  state¬ 
ment  as  to  the  day  the  well  was  to  be 
completed,  and  providing  for  some  re¬ 
bate  to  you  if  it  was  not  completed 


person  never  received  any  benefits. 
This  type  of  concern  operates  within 
the  law  because  they  do  perform  the 
services  they  promise.  If  you  looked 
carefully,  you  would  see  no  guarantee 
of  a  sale  is  made,  and  it  is  our  opinion 
that  no  very  sincere  attempt  is  made 
to  do  so. 

— a.  a.  — 

LICENSES  REVOKED 

The  licenses  of  two  concerns  buying 
farm  products  have  been  revoked  by 
the  New  York  State  Department  of 
Agriculture  and  Markets.  They  are  L. 
Frucht  &  Son,  351  Greenwich  St.,  New 
York  City  (already  mentioned  in  this 
column  as  out  of  business);  and  Max 
Kaufman,  Inc.,  331  Washington  St., 
New  York  City.  Both  licenses  were  re¬ 
voked  as  of  October  21. 

The  bonds  of  these  two  concerns  will 
be  used  to  make  returns  to  residents 
of  New  York  who  shipped  products  and 
who  have  not  received  pay.  The  bonds 
do  not  cover  shippers  from  other  states. 
Claims  must  be  filed  with  the  New 
York  State  Department  of  Agriculture 
and  Markets,  Albany,  New  York,  be¬ 
fore  November  30.  Forms  for  making 
these  claims  are  available  either  from 
the  Bureau  of  Food  Control,  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  and  Markets,  Al¬ 
bany,  New  York;  or  from  Service  Bur¬ 
eau,  American  Agriculturist,  Ithaca, 
New  York. 

— a.  a.  — 

REPAIRS 

An  excellent  time  to  order  repair 
parts  for  farm  machinery  is  when  the 
machines  are  stored  for  the  winter. 
The  worst  time,  especially  this  season, 
is  to  wait  until  the  machine  is  needed. 
While  an  effort  will  be  made  to  furnish 
an  adequate  supply  of  repairs,  there  is 
likely  to  be  considerable  delay  in  fill¬ 
ing  orders. 

Unfortunately,  repair  parts  are  not 
available  on  some  old  machines  that 
could  be  put  into  workable  condition. 


on  that  date.  The  best  thing  now  is  to  In  other  cases,  while  the  original  manu- 
bring  the  most  pressure  you  can  to  get 
him  to  finish  the  job  promptly. 


— A.  A.— 

NOT  BONDED 

“For  some  time,  I  have  been  shipping 
eggs  to  a  man  who  operates  a  Milk,  Egg, 
and  Butter  business  on  Long  Island.  At 
first,  he  paid  regularly,  but  gradually  he 
got  further  and  further  behind  until  he 
owes  me  $205.00.  I  hope  you  can  help 
collect  this  money.” 

We  will  do  our  best,  but  frankly,  the 
outlook  is  not  favorable.  We  are  pub¬ 
lishing  this  letter  because  it  is  so 
typical.  In  the  first  place,  this  man  is 
not  licensed  and  bonded  to  buy  farm 
products.  That  in  itself,  we  think,  is 
sufficient  reason  for  not  shipping  ex¬ 
cept  on  a  straight  cash  basis. 

The  minute  a  man  begins  to  get  be¬ 
hind  in  payments  for  eggs  is  the  right 
minute  to  stop  sending  them  to  him. 

—A.  A.— 

SELLING 

“I  received  a  card  from  a  New  York 
concern  asking  if  I  wanted  to  sell  my 
garage  business,  and  indicating  that  if  I 
would  answer  the  card  they  would  have 
a  representative  call  on  me.  Naturally,  I 
want  to  be  sure  this  concern  is  reputable 
before  I  deal  with  them.” 

With  the  present  gas  and  tire  situa¬ 
tion,  it  goes  without  saying  that  it  will 
not  be  easy  to  sell  any  garage.  We 
suspect  this  concern  belongs  in  the 
class  that  “milks”  the  owner  to  the 
greatest  possible  degree,  and  does  not 


facturer  of  the  machine  has  gone  out 
of  business,  some  other  company  is 
making  parts. 

So  far  as  repair  parts  are  available, 
the  Service  Bureau  will  be,  glad  to  give 
the  name  of  the  manufacturer  to  any¬ 
one  who  requests  it.  In  asking  for  re¬ 
pair  parts  sources,  give  all  of  the  in¬ 
formation  you  can  about  the  machine. 
Write  American  Agriculturist ,  Box 
367-RP,  Ithaca,  New  York. 

— a.  a. — 

"RELEASE” 

“I  lost  some  luggage  on  a  bus.  I  have 
just  received  a  letter  from  the  company 
stating  that  they  will  pay  the  loss.  They 
enclosed  a  paper  called  a  release  to  sign. 
Is  it  all  right  for  me  to  sign  this?” 

Yes.  The  paper  you  enclosed  was  a 
standard  form  of  release.  It  means 
only  that  you  agree  that  on  receipt  of 
the  check,  you  have  no  further  claim 
against  the  company.  The  bus  com¬ 
pany  protects  itself  by  this  agreement 
which  makes  it  impossible  for  you  to 
come  back  later  and  say  the  value  is 
greater  than  at  first  indicated. 

— a.  a. — 

YOU  ARE  WELCOME! 

“I  want  to  thank  you  ever  so  much 
for  your  help  in  collecting  the  money 
for  me.  I  received  a  check  for  the  full 
amount  which  I  cashed  yesterday.  I 
know  I  never  would  have  received  it 
without  your  help.  I  can’t  tell  you 
how  much  I  appreciate  it.  The  A.  A. 


worry  too  much  about  making  a  sale,  has  been  in  our  family  for  a  good  many 


We  know  of  occasions  where  money 
has  been  requested  for  advertising  pur¬ 
poses  and  other  so-called  services,  and 
where  these  sums  have  been  paid,  the 


years,  and  will  continue  to  be.  We 
can’t  get  along  without  it,  and  always 
put  in  a  good  word  for  it  and  the  Serv¬ 
ice  Bureau.” 


"MM  GLAD  t  TOOK 
OUT  THIS  INSURANCE 
,  FOR  tW 
DAUGHTER** 


Mr.  Chas.  Harrison,  Sidney  Cen¬ 
ter,  N.  Y .,  tells  how  he  took 
out  a  North  American  Travel 
Accident  policy  for  his  daugh¬ 
ter,  Mrs.  Alta  Davis. 


]V^r.  Harrison  said:  “Alta  was  driving  back  and  forth  to 
work  over  to  the  Scintilla  defense  plant  in  Sidney.  With 
her  doing  all  that  driving,  I  thought  she  should  have  this 
insurance.  Her  birthday  was  coming  soon,  and  I  thought 
one  of  your  Travel  Accident  policies  would  make  a  nice 
present.” 

THEN  MRS.  DAVIS  DID  HAVE  AN  ACCIDENT  - 

In  telling  about  her  accident  Mrs.  Davis  said:  “It  was  a 
rainy,  sleety  morning  when  five  of  us  started  out  in  my 
car.  As  we  came  near  Grand  Gorge,  the  car  started  to  whip 
because  of  the  icy  road.  I  didn’t  dare  turn  because  there 
was  a  deep  ditch  on  one  side  and  a  stone  wall  on  the  other. 
I  finally  skidded  for  a  tree,  and  as  the  car  struck,  hot 
steam  shot  all  over.  I  asked  if  everybody  was  all  right,  and 
told  them  to  get  out  be¬ 
fore  something  happen¬ 
ed.  Later  I  found  that 
my  leg  was  badly  broken. 

The  bone  was  cracked 
five  ways.  My  hospital 
bill  was  $110.00  and  the 
doctor’s  bills  were  over 
$100.00,  so  you  can  see 
that  this  insurance  was  a 
God-send.  It  certainly 
was  some  birthday  pres¬ 
ent.” 


Agent  Harry  Ennis  is  shown  deliver¬ 
ing  the  North  American  check  to 
Mrs.  Davis. 


the.  entite  jjCvnuLf. 


North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co, 

Oldest  and  Car  fast  Exclusive  Cfeahfi  and  Occident  (Company  in  America 

N.  A. ASSOCIATES  DEPARTMENT  Poughkeepsie.  N  Y.  ✓ 


Even  the  Beasts  of  the  Earth,  and  the  Birds  of  the  Air, 
Know  that  Effective  Group  Movements  of  Any  Kind 
Require  Unity  of  Leadership  as  well  as  Unity  of  Action 


WHEN  wild  geese  want  to  go  somewhere  in  a  hurry,  they  line  up  behind  a  leader  and  fly  off  like  bombers 
in  V  formation.  When  bees  want  a  new  home,  they  follow  their  queen.  Even  ants,  wild  horses  and 
other  creatures  that  live  together  in  large  groups,  have  well-recognized  leaders.  Not  necessarily  because  the 
leaders  are  any  smarter — or  any  better  able  to  lead — but  because  Nature  in  her  wisdom  knows  that  efficiency 
and  safety  come  from  group  action,  and  group  action  must  have  unity  of  leadership  in  order  to  succeed. 


It  has  taken  mankind  a  long  time  to  learn  that  lesson  from  Nature.  We  farmers  kicked  over  the  traces 
for  years,  and  tried  to  go  it  alone.  But  every  time  we  did  so,  we  suffered  for  it.  We  were  the  prey  of  all  the 
dealers  and  all  the  financiers  who  lived  on  milk  profits.  And  as  long  as  there  were  hundreds  of  voices  advising 
farmers  what  to  do — one  saying,  go  this  way,  another  shouting,  no  go  that  way,  and  still  a  third  saying, 
don  .  go  anywhere,  but  do  this — as  long  as  these  things  existed  we  farmers  couldn’t  get  together  in  any 
effective  group.  We  couldn’t  appoint  a  leader  because  everyone  wanted  to  lead,  and  we  were  all  trying  to 

walk  every  way  at  once. 


Published  by  THE  THOUSANDS  OF  FARMERS  WHO  OWN,  OPERATE  AND  CONTROL  THE  DAIRYMEN'S  LEAGUE 


Today  We  Have  Leadership 


But  today  we  know  our  mistake  and  we  have  remedied  it.  Today 
we  have  a  single  appointed  leader,  and  men  appointed  to  consult 
with  and  advise  that  leader,  and  we  do  what  they  decide  is  best  for 
us  to  do.  It’s  all  very  much  like  our  government  with  its  President 
and  Cabinet  and  Senate  and  House,  or  like  our  fighting  forces  with 
their  Admirals,  Generals,  and  Staff  Officers. 

We  know  that  we  can  change  our  leaders  anytime  we  think 
they  are  leading  us  wrong,  and  that  they  listen  to  our  views  as  well 
as  to  their  own.  Therefore  we  don’t  argue.  We  never  try  to  follow 
two  leaders,  or  to  walk  in  two  different  directions,  at  the  same  time. 
We’re  united.  We’re  strong.  We’re  effective.  Because  we’ve  learned 
Nature’s  way  at  last,  and  we’re  no  longer  afraid  of  what  dealers, 
or  financiers  can  do  to  us. 


* 


NOVEMBER  21,  1942 


AMERICAN 

GRICU ITURIST 

FOUNDED  1842 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 


Hillside  Farm  Happenings 

4P 


on  clay  loam  more  than  1200  feet  above  sea- 
level.  Also  I  must  make  the  very  unfortun¬ 
ate  admission  that  this  year  of  grace,  when 
we  have  been  exhorted  to  “Victory”  gardens 
which  shall  bloom  as  never  before,  we  have 
perhaps  the  poorest  garden  in  our  history. 
This  is  the  result  of  wet  weather,  a  shortage 
of  labor,  an  outbreak  of  plant  diseases,  and  I 
am  afraid  also  because  I, — “Grandfather”  — 
who  does  most  of  the  work,  am  not  as  en¬ 
thusiastic  as  years  ago.  The  garden  still 
grows  a  lot  of  stuff  but  it  is  ragged  and  weedy 
especially  around  the  edges  and  I  am  under 
the  necessity  of  profound  apologies  and  ex¬ 
cuses  when  any  one  looks  at  it. 

In  these  hectic  days  when  the  garden  gets 
only  “a  lick  and  a  promise*’,  I  enjoy  harking 
back  to  the  days  when  we  had  a  much  better 
garden  than  now.  In  a  way  we  too  had  a 
golden  age.  It  was  when  I  was  a  boy,  and  even 
earlier  than  that.  Those  were  the  days  when 
the  farm  was  so  fortunate  as  to  have  John 
Brown.  John  was  what  is  sometimes  rather 
irreverently  called  an  Irish  bog-trotter.  He 
came  to  Lawyersville  in  1849  and  for  the  re¬ 
maining  fifty-five  years  of  his  very  long  life 
he  was  a  resident  of  this  hamlet.  Many  of 
these  years  he  was  a  full  time  employee  of 
the  farm  and  to  the  end  of  his  life  he  used  to 
help  out  on  occasions. 

As  a  farm  worker  he  had  many  limitations. 
He  could  never  milk  a  cow  or  harness  a  horse 
or  climb  a  ladder.  To  get  him  up  into  a  hay¬ 
mow  even  ten  feet  above  the  floor  required 

( Continued 
on  Page  12) 


J  OT  ALL  the  beautiful  gardens  are 
. '  ;  -  made  up  of  flowers.  Being  my- 
s  self  of  a  utilitarian  mind  I  must 

*  *  say  I  find  a  great  deal  of  satisfac¬ 

tion  in  the  lowly  (as  it  is  some¬ 
times  called)  “kitchen-garden.”  I  might  even 
be  led  to  argue  that  a  row  of  thrifty  Tele¬ 
phone  peas  climbing  a  wir'e  trellis  is  just  as 
esthetic,  just  as  pretty,  as  any  flower  that 
blows  and  incidentally  very  much  more 
palatable  and  nutritious. 

As  we  know,  there  are  all  too  few  faultless¬ 
ly  kept  vegetable  gardens.  Now  and  then 
there  is  a  farmer  who  has  made  the  monu¬ 
mental  mistake  of  “retiring”  and  “moving  to 
town”  and  who  has  in  his  back-yard  a  little 
garden  on  which  he  lavishes  the  energies  of 
what  might  otherwise  be  empty  and  pur¬ 
poseless  days.  He  may  keep  his  little  plot 
so  that  no  weed  dare  show  its  head  even  for 
an  hour,  and  in  his  head  he  will  carry  an 
exact  inventory  of  every  tomato  plant  and 
just  how  many  hills  of  corn  and  beans  and 
the  number  of  lettuce  plants  in  a  row.  A 
handkerchief  garden  of  this  type  is  a  revela¬ 
tion  and  a  joy  to  look  at.  As  a  means  of 
“keeping  fit”  it  is  probably  quite  the  equal  of 
golf  and  I  am  sure  that  for  a  retired  farmer 
it  fits  much  better  into  the  scheme  of  things. 

Perhaps  a  word  should  be  said  concerning 
what  may  be  called  “estate  gardening.”  I 
am  thinking  of  a  fine  old  place  which  now 
and  again  I  pass.  There  is  a  dignified  old 
brick  house  under  old  trees  with  curving 
drives,  shaven  lawns,  clipped  shrubbery  and 
ornamental  plantings  —  the  sort  of  a  place 


“It  is  just  a  regular  farm  garden, 
designed  to  contribute  to  the  food 
supply  of  a  good-sized  family.” 


Some  Notes  About 
an  Old  Garden 

.  -  -  BY—  — ,  - 


Jared  van  Wagenen,  Jr. 


which  makes  you  feel  that  it  has  known  the 
hand  of  the  skilled  caretaker  for  at  least  a 
hundred  years. 

But  west  of  the  house  across  the  drive  the 
lawn  gives  way  to  the  kitchen  garden  where 
every  thing  is  in  faultless  order.  In  recent 
happier  but  now  bye-gone  days,  at  least  there 
would  be  a  man  or  two  on  view  weeding  and 
clipping  and  dusting.  The  garden  is  the  per¬ 
fectly  innocent  and  proper  hobby  of  a  man 
who  can  painlessly  afford  such  little  extrava¬ 
gances.  When  his  friends  come  up  for  the 
week-end  and  stroll  over  the  place  I  feel  sure 
they  find  the  vegetable  garden  quite  as  in¬ 
teresting  as  the  flower  garden. 

Now  I  freely  state  that  the  garden  at  Hill¬ 
side  is  far  removed  from  the  types  I  have  just 
mentioned.  It  is  just  a  regular  farm  garden 
designed  to  contribute  to  the  food  supply  of 
a  good-sized  family.  I  have  taken  some 
pride  in  the  fact  that  we  try  to  grow  almost 
every  thing  that  belongs  in  this  climate,  to 
say  nothing  of  melons  and  egg-plant  which 
emphatically  do  not  belong  in  the  Milk  Shed 


IN  THIS  ISSUE  FITTING  A  CROSSCUT  SAW,  Page  3;  ONE  MAN  SHORT,  Page  5;  HENHOUSE  GOSSIP,  Page  6;  YOU, 
-  YOUR  FARM  AND  THE  WAR,  Page  8;  1943  FERTILIZER  SUPPLIES,  Page  11;  THANKSGIVING 

RECIPES,  Page  18;  GOSS  GIVES  NATIONAL  GRANGE  STERN  FACTS,  Page  21;  SERVICE  BUREAU,  Page  23. 


Daisy  isn't  doing  so  well  this  year,  hast  winter , 
she  used  to  fill  the  pail  but  she  milked  off  all 
her  fiat  and  never  did  get  back  in  condition . 


The  basis  oj  a  sound  business  cooperative  is  voluntary  use  by  jully  injormed  patrons 


An  off-year  for  Daisy 


I  g  DIRECTORS  Meeting  at  Syracuse  on 
|  _  October  30,  G.L.F.  stock- 

|  holders  elected  five  mem¬ 

bers  to  the  13-man  board 
|  which  controls  the  affairs  of  this  coopera- 
I  tive.  The  five  men — all  re-elected — are:  J. 

.  D.  Ameele,  Williamson,  N.  Y.,  nominated 
■  by  the  New  York  State  Grange;  Earl 
Clark,  North  Norwich,  N.  Y.,  nominated 
by  the  New  York  State  Farm  Bureau 
'  Federation;  Thomas  W.  Davis,  Woods- 
1  town,  N.  J.,  representing  G.L.F.  patron- 
1  members  in  Southern  New  Jersey;  Ralph 
I  Culver,  Lacey ville,  Pa.,  representing  East- 
]  ern  Pennsylvania  patrons;  and  Harry  Bull, 
J  Campbell  Hall,  N.  Y.,  representing  the 
I  patrons  of  Southeastern  New  York.  Mr. 
j  Bull  is  the  oldest  G.L.F.  director  in  length 
j  of  service,  and  the  only  remaining  member 
1 1  of  the  original  Board  of  Directors. 


Left  to  right:  Culver,  Ameele,  Davis, 
Clark,  Bull. 

★  *  ★ 


KEEP  TRUCKS 
ON  THE  ROAD 


A  case  has  been  re¬ 
ported  of  a  truck — 
used  in  hauling  sup¬ 
plies  to  farms — that 


When  good  cows  are, not  fed  enough,  they 
produce  milk  for  a  time  from  beef  steak.  It 
takes  a  lot  more  feed  to  put  the  beef  steak  back 
on  the  cows’  bodies  than  it  takes  to  maintain 
body  weight  while  they  are  milking  heavily. 

The  way  your  cows  are  fed  while  they  are  in  the 
barn  will  not  only  determine  this  year’s  milk 
production,  but  will  have  a  decided  effect  on  next 
year’s  production,  too. 

What  It  Takes 

Give  the  cows  at  least  2  pounds  of  hay  for  each 
100  pounds  of  live  weight  (3  pounds  of  ensilage 
can  be  substituted  for  1  pound  of  hay).  This 
should  furnish  enough  digestible  nutrients  to 
maintain  their  bodies  in  good  condition. 

Then  feed  a  good  grain  ration  to  supply  the 
nutrients  needed  for  milk  production. 

It  takes  about  a  pound  of  concentrates  for  each 
4  pounds  of  3.5  percent  milk  to  furnish  all  the 
nutrients  needed  for  milk  production. 

Match  the  Hay 

Any  well-balanced  concentrate  mixture  that 
contains  about  75  percent  digestible  nutrients, 
and  from  3  percent  to  4  percent  fat  will  do  the  job. 

Adjust  the  protein  level  of  the  concentrate  to 
fit  the  hay:— 

With  early-cut  legume  or  mixed  hay,  16  per¬ 


cent  to  18  percent  is  enough  prote'in. 

With  fair  hay,  use  a  20  percent  protein  mixture. 
With  poor  quality  hay,  it  probably  is  better  to 
feed  a  24  percent  protein  mixture. 

The  table  below  shows  how  to  select  the  G.L.F. 
feeds  which  are  right  for  conditions  on  your  farm. 


WHAT  FEED  TO  CHOOSE 


Breeding  Herds  Comroerciil  Dry  Cows 

•n  Tesf  —Cows  Dairies  — Cows 

Milkini  Milking 

 «  Rou*ha*e  Roughatfe  Roufhafe 

Super  Feeds  F.x.  Good  Fair  Ex.  Good  Fair  Ex.  Good  Fair 

24%  Milk  Maker 

X 

20%  Exchange 

X 

X 

16%  Test 

X 

X 

Approved  Flex. 
Formulas 

24%  Milk  Maker 

X 

X 

. 

20%  Exchange 

X 

X 

X 

X 

18%  Legume 

x 

X 

X 

X 

X 

14%  Fitting 

X 

X 

X 

X 

Dry  &  Fresh 

X 

X 

X 

Mixing  Feeds* 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

Market  Feeds 

Upland  20% 

X 

War  Ration 

X 

X 

X 

*By  regulating  the  amount  of  home-grown  grain  used 
with  a  Mixing  Feed,  you  can  get  a  mixture  to  fit  what¬ 
ever  kind  of  roughage  you  have. 

was  laid  up  for  three  weeks  when  a  small 
part  in  the  steering  mechanism  broke. 
Truck  replacement  parts  are  scarce,  and 
getting  scarcer.  Now  is  the  time  to  have 
your  truck  checked  over  and  put  in  first 
class  shape.  Later  on,  the  lack  of  a  part 
might  tie  up  your  truck  indefinitely. 


★  ★  ★ 


FREEZE  ORDER  HITS 
FARM  EQUIPMENT 


The  govern¬ 
ment’s  freeze  or¬ 
der  on  farm  ma¬ 
chinery  and 
equipment  forbids  anybody  to  buy  or  sell 
a  milk  cooler,  milking  machine,  water 
system,  or  any  heavy  tractor-drawn  farm 
implements.  Most  other  farm  equipment 
can  be  purchased  if  it  is  available  in  the 
community.  The  retailer  cannot,  however, 
replenish  his  stocks  at  present.  In  other 
words,  if  your  G.L.F.  Service  Agency  has  a 
poultry  feeder  of  the  kind  you  want,  you 
can  buy  it.  But  if  the  feeder  is  not  in  stock, 
he  cannot  order  it  for  you. 

This  order  is  preliminary  to  the  per¬ 
manent  farm  equipment  rationing  pro¬ 
gram  which  will  go  into  effect  at  a  date 
still  to  be  announced. 

Milk  cans  are  among  the  few  items  not 
covered  by  the  “freeze.”  They  can  be 
bought  and  sold  without  restrictions. 


Cooperative  GiL.Fa  Exchange/  Inc.  •  • 


Ithaca,  N. Y 


American  Agriculturist,  November  21,  1942 


3  (617) 


Fitting  a  Crosscut  Saw 

liy  Jl.  M,  HoeUl 


FIGURE  1A  shows  a  typical 
crosscut  saw  that  needs  fit¬ 
ting.  It  will  be  noted  that  it 
needs  jointing,  that  is,  the 
teeth  need  to  be  filed  down  to 
a  line  and  the  rakers  to  anoth¬ 
er  line  about  l/40th  of  an  inch 
lower  than  the  teeth.  Tooth 
numbered  1  is  longer  than 
number  2,  and  both  rakers  are 
uneven,  one  longer  and  the 
other  shorter  than  the  teeth. 

It  may  be  further  noted  that 
the  gullets,  or  spaces  between 
teeth  and  rakers  are  not 
rounded  out  but  are  irregular 
due  to  the  lower  edge  of  the 
file  when  previously  filed.  Space  be¬ 
tween  teeth  is  not  filed  out.  These  ir¬ 
regularities  cause  sawdust  to  be  crowd- 


Fig-.  2 — Gumming  a  crosscut  saw. 

ed  against  the  wood  at  the  sides  of  the 
saw  kerf  and  increase  friction,  making 
it  pull  harder  than  if  properly  fitted. 


Fig.  1. — Crosscut  saw  before  and  after  fitting. 


While  gumming,  the  saw  is  held  but 
lightly  against  the  gummer;  crowding 
it  may  overheat  the  blade  and  case- 
harden  it  harder  than  the  file.  It  is  good 
practice  to  partly  gum  one  tooth  and 
then  move  on  to  the  next  and  thus  pre¬ 
vent  overheating  the  blade.  The  space 
between  points  of  teeth  may  be  filed  out 
with  the  round  edge  of  a  mill  file  if  a 
thin  gummer  is  not  at  hand. 

Filing'  the  Saw 

To  file  the  teeth  correctly  the  oper¬ 
ator  must  have  clearly  in  mind  the 
shape  of  tooth.  This  is  shown  at  B  in 
Figure  1.  The  file  is  held  as  illustrated 
in  Figure  3.  'If,  after  gumming,  one 
side  of  a  tooth  is  longer  than  the  other, 
thus  causing  the  point  to  be  off  center, 


Jointing  the  Saw 

The  first  thing  to  do  in  fitting  a 
crosscut  saw  is  to  joint  it.  This  is  done 
by  placing  the  saw  in  a  clamp  with  the 
teeth  up  and  pushing  the  flat  side  of 
a  mill  file  lengthwise  of  the  saw  on 
the  teeth.  By  this  act  all  points  are 
made  even.  No  one  projects  beyond 
another,  The  file  may  be  held  in  the 
hands;  however,  the  operator  is  likely 
to  scratch  his  fingers  and  a  crosscut 
tool  is  used  as  a  convenience  to  hold 
the  file  at  right  angles  to  the  side  of 
the  saw. 

Gumming  the  Saw 

The  crosscut  saw  is  gummed  by  use 
of  a  round-faced  saw  gummer  on  a 
speed  grinder  shaft  as  illustrated  in 
Figure  2.  Gummers  are  made  (4 ",  %" 


Fig.  3 — Filing  the  crosscut  saw 


and  y2"  thick  and  6",  7"  and  8"  in 
diameter.  The  x  6"  gummer  is  suit¬ 
ed  for  most  crosscut  saws.  It  permits 
gumming  a  %"  slot  between  points  as 
shown  iiu  Figure  IB.  By  moving  the 
saw  right  and  left  as  the  gumming 
proceeds  a  wider  slot  may  be  made  be¬ 
tween  the  cutting  teeth  and  rakers  if  so 
desired  for  the  saw  at  hand.  There  is 
no  one  depth  to  gum  for  all  saws.  Gen¬ 
erally  speaking,  a  depth  of  % "  is 
enough  between  teeth  and  rakers,  and 
just  enough  between  points  to  allow 
the  bottom  edge  of  the  file  to  clear. 


Fig.  4 — Setting  the  crosscut  saw. 


only  enough  filing  is  done  in  the  long 
side  to  get  the  correct  shape  or  slant. 
The  filing  is  done  on  the  short  side, 
thus  tending  to  file  the  tooth  to  its 
correct  shape. 

Setting  the  Saw 

Either  one  of  two  methods  of  setting 
may  be  employed,  the  spring  set  or  the 
hammer  and  setting  block.  If  the 
spring  set  is  used  it  is  so  regulated  that 
it  will  set  or  bend  not  over  %  inch  of 
the  point.  If  a  setting  block  is  used, 
as  illustrated  in  Fig.  4  the  operator 
needs  to  exercise  particular  car5  that 
each  tooth  projects  uniformly  over  the 
shoulder  on  the  block  and  that  all  teeth 
are  struck  with  equal  force.  A  very 
satisfactory  set  may  be  made  by  filing 
a  beveled  surface  in  a  piece  of  angle 
iron  or  railroad  rail. 

If  there  is  uneveness  in  the  teeth 
after  the  saw  is  set  this  may  be  im- 

( Continued  on  Page  10) 


Fig.  5 — Dowering  the  raker  teeth. 


WINNERS 

WIN-THE-WAR  BOND  CONTEST 

From  thousands  of  fine  letters  on  “Why  Farmers  Should  Buy  War  Bonds,” 
the  contest  judges  have  chosen  129  top  winners.  Every  letter  was  sci¬ 
entifically  graded  and  scored  by  a  nationally-recognized  contest  judg¬ 
ing  organization  —  which  pronounced  your  letters  the  highest  calibre 
group  of  entries  they  have  ever  seen  in  any  contest.  This  made  the 
placings  difficult  but  it  is  a  tribute  to  the  sincerity  and  patriotism  of 
farm  people  who  entered  our  Win-The-War  Bond  Contest. 

Final  winners  were  selected  from  these  graded  entries  by  officials  of 
the  American  Bankers  Association.  Prizes  have  already  been  mailed. 
The  winners: 

1  Mrs.  Lennie  Hollon  Land,  Lancaster,  Ky.  —  $1,000  War  Bond  and  trip  for  two  to 
Milwaukee  and  Great  Lakes  Naval  Training  Station. 

2  Mrs.  Frankie  A.  Williams,  Wilkesboro,  N.  C.  —  $1,000  War  Bond. 

2  Mathew  N.  Lepisto,  New  Castle,  Pa.  —  $500  in  War  Stamps 


4.  Carl  W.  Leasor,  Mendon,  O. 

5.  Edwin  S.  Hetzler,  Germantown,  O. 

6.  Mildred  P.  Webb,  Allisonia,  Va. 

7.  Vashti  Whittaker,  Cortland,  III. 

8.  Mrs.  Verble  Richards,  Monterey,  Tenn. 

9.  Mrs.  Ethel  H.  Hightower,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

10.  Catherine  Stolfa,  Ardmore,  Okla. 

11.  Rosie  L.  Anthony,  Adams,  Mass. 

12.  Mrs.  G.  J.  Haumesser,  Malta,  III. 

13.  Mrs.  A.  J.  Miller,  Hood  River,  Ore. 

14.  Mrs.  Edna  Maultsby  Gaskill,  Bolivia,  N.  C. 

15.  William  H.  Fletcher,  Carrollton,  Ga. 

16.  Mrs.  Ellen  Baughn,  La  Jolla,  Cal. 

17.  Mary  Frances  Barrows,  Rockland,  O. 

18.  Lauritz  Oluf  Larsen,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

19.  John  J.  Wolfe,  Lost  Nation,  la. 

20.  Paul  M.  Foster,  Cleburne,  Tex. 

21.  Don  Willis  Deloney,  Athens,  La. 

22.  Mrs.  Lucinda  Morken,  Taylor,  Wis. 

23.  Mrs.  Elsie  S.  Meyers,  Jamesburg,  N.  J. 

24.  Mr.  &  Mrs.  Henry  $.  Nash,  North  East,  Pa. 

25.  Clayton  W.  Hiser,  Montpelier,  Ind. 

26.  Nola  Womer,  Monmouth,  Ore. 

27.  Louise  Klinker,  Lakefield,  Minn. 

28.  Mrs.  Sina  M.  Rasmussen,  Greenville,  Mich. 

29.  Mrs.  Ralph  Kelly,  Ajlune,  Wash. 

30.  John  Roesch,  Roscoe,  S.  D. 

31.  Mrs.  Ellie  C.  McDonald,  Versailles,  Ky. 

32.  Hilda  F.  Stewart,  Provo,  Utah 

33.  Carl  O.  Galloway,  Redmond,  Ore. 

34.  Mrs.  Laura  Jordan,  Zearing,  la. 

35.  Adrain  C.  Murray,  San  Fernando,  Cal. 

36.  Mrs.  Dorothy  R.  Sheffer,  Dixon,  III. 

37.  Hubert  B.  Claypool,  Hanover,  O. 

38.  J.  Edward  Boyle,  Queen  Anne,  Md. 

39.  Mrs.  Daisy  Parsons,  Eureka,  Kan. 

40.  Daniel  Day  Baltzell,  Port  Byron,  N.  Y. 

41.  John  O.  Wold,  Jr.,  Laurel,  Mont. 

42.  Henry  N.  Schweitzer,  Mineral  Point,  Wis. 

43.  Mrs.  Coda  M.  Baggett,  Gustine,  Tex. 

44.  Mrs.  Hazel  E.  Carpenter,  Marietta,  O. 

45.  Stanley  R.  Ketcham,  Jr.,  Northport,  N.  Y. 

46.  Mrs.  A.  T.  Haun,  Freewater,  Ore. 

47.  Maude  Pickett  Davenport,  Worthville,  N.  C. 

48.  Mrs.  Pearle  Esterly,  Carbondale,  III. 

49.  Christian  A.  Peterson,  Gretna,  Neb. 

50.  Arthur  P.  Walling,  Evansville,  Ind. 

51.  Thomas  J.  O’Brien,  Barronett,  Wis. 

52.  Marshall  J.  Keith,  Athens,  Tenn. 

53.  Mrs.  Velma  E.  Townsend,  Princeton,  Minn. 

54.  Mrs.  Mabel  Lanham,  Woodward,  Okla. 

55.  Mrs.  Mabel  I.  Savage,  Sang  Run,  Md. 

56.  Gordon  Andersen,  Kiowa,  Colo. 

57.  Grace  A.  Hair,  Penalosa,  Kan. 

58.  A.  B.  Curet,  New  Roads,  La. 

59.  Earl  P.  Arnold,  Hawk  Springs,  Wyo. 

60.  W.  H.  Warren,  Pontotoc,  Miss. 

61.  Ruth  Celeste  Saunders,  Lake  Placid,  Fla. 

62.  J.  Howard  Ogden,  Jr.,  Prince  Frederick,  Md. 

63.  V.  W.  Paschal,  Enterprise,  Ala. 

64.  Eunice  Guill,  Ringgold,  Va. 

65.  Lee  Keith  Davis,  Lonerock,  Ore. 

66.  William  H.  Klett,  Milford,  la. 


67.  Bernice  O.  Crumb,  Royalston,  Mass. 

68.  Ethel  Ervin  Miller,  Hood  River,  Ore. 

69.  Mrs.  Louise  Freida  McCoy,  Kempton,  N.  D. 

70.  Julius  S.  Goodno,  Dorchester,  la. 

71.  Maggie  W.  Query,  Clover,  S.  C. 

72.  Mrs.  Helen  B.  Haaland,  Southbury,  Conti. 

73.  Mrs.  Maude  M.  Hudson,  Lena,  III. 

74.  Mrs.  Lucille  M.  Whitmer,  Fulks  Run,  Va. 

75.  Mrs.  Alma  K.  Rahn,  Lanark,  III. 

76.  Mrs.  Mabel  Campbell,  Greenleaf,  Wis. 

77.  Mrs.  Ervin  Fessler,  Arapahoe,  Neb. 

78.  Mr.  8t  Mrs.  James  W.  Caviness,  Siler  City,  R.  C 

79.  Mrs.  C.  R.  McCue,  Bloomington,  III. 

80.  Mrs.  Ora  M.  Speth,  Hallam,  Neb. 

81.  Anna  C.  Potter,  Monroe,  Neb. 

82.  Lillie  M.  Mellen,  Newport,  N.  H. 

83.  Mrs.  Minnie  E.  Coleman,  McMinnvi  He,  Ore. 

84.  Roger  M.  Carroll,  Big  Rapids,  Mich. 

85.  J.  Ralph  McKinney,  Carlock,  III. 

86.  Mrs.  Willie  J.  Golay,  Hopkinsville,  Ky. 

87.  Mrs.  Ella  M.  Wilson,  Lynn,  Ind. 

88.  G.  B.  Slaton,  Colorado  City,  Tex. 

89.  Anthony  Boland,  New  Flaven,  Mo. 

90.  Milton  Farr,  Edwards,  Miss. 

91.  Bob  Brendler,  Modesto,  Cal. 

92.  Martha  V.  Speece,  Urbana,  O. 

93.  Mrs.  Robert  G.  Asher,  Do  Beque,  Cole. 

94.  Mrs.  Adolph  Ericksen,  Denmark,  Wis. 

95.  Einar  Haaland,  Southbury,  Conn. 

96.  Ralph  Hochheim,  Cortland,  Neb. 

97.  Martha  Pilcher,  Lexington,  Ky. 

98.  Mary  A.  Hamer,  Lewisburg,  Pa. 

99.  Bernard  A.  Polinsky,  Jewett  City,  Cons. 

100.  Edwin  Hussong,  Denmark,  Wis. 

101.  Leora  Stewart,  Princeville,  111. 

102.  Josephine  Kohler,  Kingsville,  Mo. 

103.  Howard  T.  Groff,  Fort  Plain,  N.  Y. 

104.  P.  D.  Sanders,  Walls,  Miss. 

105.  Mrs.  Anna  P.  Souddress,  Spiro,  Okla. 

106.  Guy  W.  Jones,  White  Mills,  Ky. 

107.  Mrs.  W.  H.  Bensel,  Henniston,  Ore. 

108.  Mildred  L.  Howell,  Farmersville,  N.  Y# 

109.  Grace  A.  Hair,  Penalosa,  Kan. 

110.  Charles  Norris,  Americus,  Kan. 

111.  Lloyd  J.  Robertson,  Phillipsburg,  Kan. 

112.  Edward  J.  Allen,  Windom,  Minn. 

113.  Lester  O.  Welch,  Skiatook,  Okla. 

114.  Mrs.  lone  Knight,  Lampasas,  Tex. 

115.  Mr.  &  Mrs.  Arthur  B.  Beaumont,  Amherst,  Mats* 

116.  Christian  A.  Kamp,  Metamora,  III. 

117.  Mrs.  E.  R.  McKay,  Huntsville,  Utah 

118.  Herman  Randolph,  ]f.,  Houston,  Tex. 

119.  Mrs.  Elsie  A.  Adams,  Zebulon,  N.  C. 

120.  Leo  Paulsen,  Concordia,  Kan. 

121.  John  J.  Stokesberry,  Maquoketa,  la. 

122.  Ernest  H.  Janssen,  Oconto,  Wis. 

123.  Mrs.  Ellen  C.  Benoit,  Opelousas,  La. 

124.  Grace  A.  Hair,  Penalosa,  Kan. 

125.  Ella  G.  Hertel,  San  Bernardino,  Cal. 

126.  Stewart  H.  Resch,  Temple,  Pa. 

127.  Francis  Foy,  Deer  River,  N.  Y. 

128.  W.  E.  Miller,  Logan,  Kan. 

129.  Helena  Mayne,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Mich. 


TO  BETTER 
I 

TO  BETTER 

r 


LmHB^> 

FARMING  > 

_ 1 . 

TO  victobyP> 


Allis-Chalmers  sponsored  this  unusual  contest  (in  cooperation 
with  the  U.  S.  Treasury  Department)  because  of  a  sincere  and 
earnest  belief  in  War  Bonds  and  the  cause  they  represent. 
Every  man  and  woman  at  Allis-Chalmers  has  pledged  to  invest 
10  per  cent  of  his  or  her  earnings  in  War  Bonds  every  month. 
Your  contest  letters  have  proved  your  belief  in  America’s  No. 
1  investment.  They  will  do  much  to  help  the  Treasury  Depart¬ 
ment  sell  more  bonds  to  more  farmers  throughout  the  nation. 


CHALMERS 


TRACTOR  DIVISION  -  MILWAUKEE  ■  U.  S  A. 


ONE-MAN  TRACTOR  SAW 


Driven  through  safety  clutch  control  from  any 
power  take  off.  A  special  heavy  stiff  saw  blade 
fells  trees,  cuts  large  and  small  logs.  Built  to  last. 


Cut  Wood  the  Fast  Easy  Way 

Make  big  money  sawing  wood  while  fuel  is 
high.  Tam  your  wood  lot  into  cash.  Help 
save  other  fuels  needed  to  win  the  war. 

OTTAWA  MANUFACTURING  CO. 
1231  Forest  Ave.  Ottawa,  Kans. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
It  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


(618)  4 


THE- 


American  Agriculturist,  November  21,  1942 


B  V  E .  R.  E  AS  TA\A  N 


Addrets  ail  mail  far  Editorial  or  Adwerti*- 
Ing  departments  to  American  Agriculturist, 
Savings  Bank  Building,  Ithaca.  New  York. 


WHAT  ELECTION  RESULTS  MEAN 

HE  NIGHT  before  election,  two  young 
friends  of  mine,  who  work  for  very  modest 
salaries,  were  a  long  way  from  home  on  business. 
So  they  drove  all  night  in  order  to  get  home  to 
vote.  After  voting  and  a  couple  of  hours  sleep, 
they  started  the  long  trip  back  again  to  get  on 
the  job. 

That’s  how  much  these  young  me»  thought 
of  the  high  privilege  of  voting  in  this  democracy. 
That’s  the  answer  also  to  Vice-President  Henry 
A.  Wallace’s  statement  made  the  day  after  elec¬ 
tion  that  only  the  well-to-do  voted,  that  the  poor 
were  too  busy  to  vote.  Demagogic  statements 
like  that  tend  to  build  hatred  between  different 
classes  of  our  people.  The  statement  was  an  in¬ 
sult  to  every  patriotic  voter,  Democrat  and  Re¬ 
publican  alike,  who  felt  strongly  enough  about 
his  suffrage  privilege  to  get  out  and  vote  on  elec¬ 
tion  day. 

The  great  landslide  on  the  last  election  day 
was  a  non-partisan  protest  of  a  large  and  grow¬ 
ing  body  of  the  American  people  who  want  gov¬ 
ernment  to  get  on  with  the  war,  and  who  are 
beginning  to  insist  that  the  war  shall  not  be  usr 
ed  as  a  cloak  or  as  a  means  to  further  socialistic 
schemes  contrary  to  free  enterprise,  and  the 
American  way  of  life. 

FARM  MACHINERY  IS  PRECIOUS 

* 

NEW  FARM  equipment  is  daily  becoming 
harder  to  get.  Secondhand  machinery  is 
selling  at  auctions  in  many  cases  for  more  than 
was  paid  for  it  in  the  first  place.  Even  repair 
parts  may  become  difficult  to  get.  Yet  one  can 
ride  up  and  down  the  countryside  and  still  see 
plenty  of  equipment  outdoors. 

It  is  always  a  good  practice  to  take  care  of 
machinery,  but  now  it  is  absolutely  necessary  if 
you  expect  to  stay  in  the  farm  business.  All  tools 
should  be  carefully  cleaned,  oiled,  repaired,  and 
stored.  No  other  farm  job  is  more  important. 

SHOULD  FARMERS  RUY  RONDS  ? 

N  A  CONFERENCE  a  day  or  two  ago  on 
ways  of  bringing  to  the  attention  of  farmers 
the  necessity  of  buying  war  bonds,  it  was  stat¬ 
ed  that  farmers  have  seldom  been  so  upset  or 
just  plain  mad  as  they  are  now.  That’s  right, 
and  the  reasons  for  this  are  stated  on  Page  8  of 
this  issue. 

But  no  matter  how  many  problems  there  are, 

or  how  upset  or  disgusted  we  are  over  the  way 
farmers  are  treated,  we  cannot  escape  the  fact 
that  our  troubles  are  little  indeed  compared 
with  what  they  would  be  if  Japan  or  Germany 
were  dictating  the  policies  in  this  country.  We 

must  win  this  war,  and  the  government  must 

have  money  with  which  to  do  it. 

Every  farmer,  therefore,  no  matter  how  many 
uses  he  may  have  for  money,  no  matter  how 
scarce  money  is,  will  want  to  have  at  least  a 
few  dollars  invested  in  war  stamps  or  bonds. 
Whether  he  invests  any  more  or  not  will  depend 
on  his  circumstances.  His  first  obligation  is  to 
pay  off  or  so  reduce  his  debts  that  he  will  not  be 
out  on  a  limb  when  hard  times  come.  After  he 
has  done  that,  then  war  bonds  make  a  splendid 
opportunity  for  building  up  reserves  to  use  to 
make  improvements,  buy  farm  machinery  and 
other  equipment  after  the  war,  when  about 


everything  he  now  has  will  be  pretty  well  worn 
out. 

You  can  buy  war  saving  stamps  or  bonds  at 
your  post  office  or  bank.  They’re  a  good  invest¬ 
ment,  one  that  will  pay  you  four  dollars  for 
every  three  you  invest. 

TRIRUTE  TO  THE  FARM  WOMAN 

VERY  time  I  hear  all  of  this  talk  about 
women  doing  men’s  work  during  wartime,  I 
think  of  the  millions  of  farm  women  who  have 
always  done  a  man’s  work.  No  business  in  the 
world  is  so  closely  tied  up  with  the  home  as  is 
farming.  Never  will  I  forget  how  Mother  always 
found  time  to  take  care  of  a  large  family  inside 
of  the  home,  helped  with  the  milking,  and  when 
necessary  with  some  of  the  field  work. 

Now,  with  the  shortage  of  help,  women  are 
doing  this  more  than  ever,  working  long  hours 
and  beyond  their  strength,  and  for  the  most  part 
for  no  pay.  If  women  on  the  farm  were  paid  at 
going  wages  for  the  work  they  do  in  food  pro¬ 
duction,  the  consumer  would  then  really  have 
something  to  yell  about  in  the  way  of  high  food 
prices. 

Farm  women  are  standing  shoulder  to  should¬ 
er  with  men  in  this  hard  job  of  producing  food 
to  win  the  war,  and  they  deserve  high  tribute. 

JOIN  UP  WITH  YOUR  NEIGHRORS 

FARMER  without  membership  in  a  gen¬ 
eral  farm  organization  and  in  a  coopera¬ 
tive  is  as  much  behind  the  times  as  he  would  be 
trying  to  hay  it  without  a  mowing  machine. 

This  is  the  day  of  farm  organizations  and 
cooperative  meetings,  and  now  is  the  time  to 
join  your  Farm  and  Home  Bureaus,  the  Grange, 
and  one  or  more  marketing  cooperatives. 

Farm  organizations  are  sometimes  criticized 
because  they  don’t  do  anything.  Usually  the 
criticism  comes  from  farmers  who  have  not  join¬ 
ed  the  organizations  or  from  members  who  have 
given  little  or  no  support.  The  way  to  make  a 
cooperative  active  is  first  to  join  it  and  then 
get  active  in  it  yourself. 

There  are  critical  days  ahead  for  farmers  as 
well  as  for  everybody  else.  We  cannot  go  it 
alone.  You  don’t  want  government  to  do  it  all. 
The  only  other  answer  is  to  do  it  in  team  work 
with  your  neighbors. 

NO  MONEY  FOR  MILK  RUT—! 

FEW  DAYS  ago  a  farmer  friend  who  at¬ 
tended  one  of  the  last  hearings  fn  New 
York  City  on  amendments  to  the  New  York 
Milk  Order  told  me  about  the  testimony  of  a 
consumer  representative  at  the  hearing.  This 
woman,  my  friend  said,  went,  on  at  great  length 
about  how  she  had  not  been  able  to  arrange  her 
budget  so  as  to  buy  milk  for  both  her  children 
and  the  adult  members  of  her  family.  She  al¬ 
most  wept  over  the  situation.  After  she  had  tes¬ 
tified,  she  took  a  seat  next  to  my  friend  for  the 
remainder  of  the  hearing,  and  in  a  little  over 
two  hours  she  smoked  a  full  pack  of  cigarettes! 

That  is  a  striking  illustration  of  the  wrong  at¬ 
titude  of  consumers  about  milk  prices.  On  the 
basis  of  two  quarts  per  day,  two  cents  a  quart 
added  to  the  retail  price  of  milk  amounts  to 
only  28  cents  a  week,  or  a  little  over  $14  a  year 
more  to  the  housewife.  On  the  other  hand,  that 
two  cents  a  quart  would  amount  to  about  $500 
per  year  additional  income  to  the  average  dairy¬ 


man,  the  difference  to  him  in  many  cases  be¬ 
tween  profit  and  loss. 

The  retail  price  of  milk  is  not  high  compared 
to  it’s  food  value,  or  in,  comparison  with  the 
prices  of  other  foods.  But  the  minds  and  emo¬ 
tions  of  consumers  have  been  played  upon  so 
long  by  politicians  and  sensational  newspapers 
that  the  average  consumer  thinks  she  is  robbed 
when  milk  goes  up  a  cent  a  quart.  Instead  of 
letting  milk  sell  for  what  it  is  worth,  the  Fed¬ 
eral  government  helps  along  this  wrong  situa¬ 
tion  by  stepping  in  with  a  subsidy  for  retail  milk 
'  prices,  thereby  making  the  taxpayer  help  pay 
the  city  consumer’s  milk  bill. 

There  never  was  a  time  when  the  average  con¬ 
sumer  was  better  able  to  pay  her  own  bills  than 
right  now,  for  food  prices  in  comparison  with 
the  working  man’s  pay  envelope  are  the  least 
they  have  been  since  1913. 

What  is  needed  is  a  campaign  of  education, 
starting  first  with  the  city  newspapers,  to  prove 
that  milk  is  a  cheap  food  at  any  reasonable 
price. 

RECORDS  FOR  INCOME 
TAX  REPORTS 

HOUSANDS  of  farmers  will  have  to  pay 
income  taxes  this  year  who  have  never  paid 
them  before.  To  be  able  to  fill  out  the  income 
tax  report  blanks,  it  is  absolutely  necessary  to 
have  records. 

Keep  every  stub  from  your  milk  checks,  and 
a  classified  record  of  all  other  receipts  and  ex¬ 
penditures.  If  you  haven’t  been  keeping  such 
records  for  this  year,  better  start  now,  for  you 
will  be  sorry  if  you  don’t. 

COMING  2 

OTHING  that  has  ever  been  published  in 
American  Agriculturist  has  created  as 
much  interest  or  brought  in  as  many  letters  as 
the  publication  of  the  Horse  and  Buggy  stories 
by  Ladd  and  Eastman.  While  these  were  being 
published  in  American  Agriculturist,  we  were 
asked  time  and  again  if  they  would  be  put  m 
book  form  later. 

The  answer  is  yes.  The  book  is  now  on  the 
press.  It  won’t  be  off  for  two  weeks  or  so  yet, 
but  if  you  are  to  have  your  copy  or  copies  of  this 
great  book  before  Christmas,  you  should  order 
now.  The  price  is  only  $2.50.  Only  2,500  copies 
are  being  printed  in  the  first  edition.  When  they 
are  gone,  there  may  not  be  any  more,  and  al¬ 
ready  the  preliminary  orders'®  indicate  that  the 
2,500  will  last  only  a  short  time. 

Send  your  order  to  American  Agriculturist, 
Department  DB,  Ithaca,  New  York.  Your  order 
will  be  held  until  the  book  is  ready  to  ship. 
First  come,  first  served.  Don’t  wait! 

EASTMAN’S  CHESTNUT 

Y  FRIEND,  Bob  Treman,  tells  the  story 
of  a  State  of  Vermont  farmer  who  sat  on 
his  front  porch,  sunning  himself  and  rocking 
vigorously  back  and  forth.  A  neighbor  went  by 
and  called  from  the  highway: 

“How  be  ye,  Si?” 

Si  spat  tobacco  juice  at  a  hoptoad,  rocked  a 
little  more  vigorously,  and  yelled  back: 

“None  o’  yer  gol-durned  business.” 

He  rocked  faster  still,  spat  again,  and  shouted : 
“Wouldn’t  a’  told  ye  that  much  if  ye  weren’t 
a  neighbor  o’  mine!” 


AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  Volume  139,  No.  24.  SUBSCRIPTION  PRICE,  $-50  a  Tear,  $1.00  for  2  Tears,  $2.00  for  4  Years,  $3.00  for  6  Years,  payable  in  advance.  Pub¬ 
lished  every  other  Saturday  at  10  North  Cherry  St.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  EDITORIAL  AND  ADVERTISING  OFFICES  at  SAVINGS  BANK  BUILDING,  ITHACA,  N.  • 
Advertising  representatives,  The  Katz  Agency.  Entered  as  Second  Class  Matter,  December  3,  1927,  at  the  Post  Office  a  £  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  under  act  of  March  6,  18.-. 
Prank  E.  Gannett,  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors;  E.  R.  Eastman,  President  and  Editor;  E.  C.  Weatherby,  Secretary  and  Circulation  Manager;  I.  W.  Ingalls,  Adver 
tising  Manager;  Hugh  L.  Cosline,  Associate  Editor;  Fred  W.  Ohm,  Production  Manager;  Mrs.  Gracg  Watkins  Huckett,  Household  Editor;  V.  E.  Grover,  Subscription  Man 
ager;  G.  C.  Bartlett,  N.  Y.  Field  Manager;  L.  G.  Thomas,  New  England  Field  Manager. 


American  Agriculturist,  November  21,  1942 


5  (619) 


ONE  MAN  SHORT! 


This  Farm ,  and  Others ,  Will  Produce  Less  Food  in  1943 


4,  At  8:20,  nephew  Kenneth  and  daughter  Jean  leave  on  the  Ithaca  school 
bus.  Kenneth  has  already  put  in  an  hour’s  work.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Foyer 
have  four  children  —  Jean;  Dana,  who  is  in  foreign  service  in  the  Army; 
Isabel,  who  is  married;  and  Marian,  who  goes  to  district  school. 


FLOYD  POYER  has  a  100  acre  farm 
in  Tompkins  County,  N.  Y.  He,  like 
thousands  of  others,  is  doing  his  best 
under  trying  circumstances  to  pro¬ 
duce  the  largest  possible  amount  of  food, 
but  since  his  son  Dana  went  into  the  Army 
a  year  ago  last  May,  he  has  had  to  cut  his 
acreage  of  cash  crops.  Unless  he  can  get 
more  help,  food  production  on  his  farm  will 
be  further  cut  in  1943. 

Here  are  the  crops  and  livestock  he  had 
this  past  year  and  the  number  of  hours  a 
year  it  takes  to  care  for  them  as  figured 
from  many  farm  cost  account  figures  kept 
in  cooperation  with  the  New  York  State 
College  of  Agriculture: 

Farm  Enterprise  Amount  Hours 
Livestock 

Hens  (average  for  year)  1900 


Pullets  raised 
Cows 
Crops 

Barley  and  Oats 

Wheat 

Cabbage 

Red  Kidney  Beans 
Hay 


1200 

2 


4  acres 
12  acres 

5  acres 
16  acres 
15  acres 


3.600 

2.600 
300 

60 
180 
450 
540 
150 


Total  . 7,880 

(7,880  hours  make  788  10-hour  days, 
enough  work  for  2  full  time  men  and  1  for 
6  months.) 

This  Year 

How  much  help  did  Mr.  Poyer  have  to  do 
the  job?  He  put  in  full  time  himself,  and 
do  not  forget  that  poultry  keeping  is  a 
year-around,  seven-days-a-week  job.  Last 
June,  his  sixteen-year-old  nephew  Kenneth 
came  from  the  city  to  live  with  him.  Ken¬ 
neth  helped  what  he  could  during  the  sum¬ 
mer  and  still  does  before  and  after  school 
and  Saturdays  and  Sundays.  Occasionally 
Mr.  Poyer  was  able  to  hire  a  little  day  help 
but  each  month  such  help  is  harder  to  get. 
Fortunately  he  was  able  to  let  out  the  hay 
on  shares  and  to  hire  a  man  with  a  small 
tractor  to  cultivate  and  pull  his  beans;  and 
to  find  a  man  with  a  combine  to  harvest 
half  his  grain.  The  other  half  was  cut  and 


Mr.  Foyer  has  a  hobby — it’s  guns.  •> 
He  and  Dana  (now  in  the  army)  own 
two  rifles,  two  shotguns,  and  several 
revolvers.  Dana  is  a  crack  shot.  Mr. 
Foyer  has  designed  a  tool  for  loading 
shotgun  shells  for  deer  and  reloads  a 
lot  of  his  ammunition. 


<•  Grading  and  packing  eggs.  Recent¬ 
ly  Mr.  Foyer  was  able  to  find  a  woman 
to  grade  eggs,  and  hopes  that  she  will 
relieve  him  of  this  task. 


4,  Bad  weather  and  lack  of  help  have  slowed  up  the 
harvesting  of  16  acres  of  red  kidney  beans.  Mr.  Poyer 
is  turning  over  the  beans,  trying  to  get  them  dry 
enough  to  haul.  When  this  job  is  done,  5  acres  of 
cabbage  are  waiting  to  be  harvested. 

y  Breakfast  at  eight.  The  school  bus  will  soon  arrive. 


4  Soaking  the  floor  of  one  of 
the  pens  with  used  crankcase 
oil.  It  kills  mites,  and  when 
the  pen  is  cleaned  next  time 
the  job  will  be  much  easier. 
Mr.  Johnson,  who  is  helping, 
is  occasionally  available  for  a 
day  or  two.  Says  Mr.  Foyer: 
“The  immediate  job  is  to  get 
the  pullets,  which  have  al¬ 
ready  begun  to  lay,  off  the 
range  and  into  houses.  Then, 
weather  permitting,  I  hope  to 
get  my  beans  under  cover. 
Next,  we  will  go  at  the  cab¬ 
bage.  The  best  offer  I  have 
had  so  far  is  $5  a  ton,  and  at 
that  price  I  might  as  well 
leave  it  in  the  field  as  to  hire 
help  to  harvest  it.  I  am  go¬ 
ing  to  store  it  in  the  field, 
and  hope  to  get  a  price  which 
will  leave  me  a  little  profit." 


^  Back  home  via  the  school  bus,  16-year-old 
nephew’  Kenneth  feeds  and  waters  the  pullets 
on  range. 


threshed  so  that  straw  could  be  blown  into  the  henhouses 
for  litter. 

Estimating  very  liberally,  he  was  able  to  hire  somewhat 
less  than  the  equivalent  of  half  a  man  for  the  year.  In 
other  woyds,  a  man  and  a  half  did  the  work  on  this  farm 
that  should  take  two  and  a  half  full-time  men.  We  base 
this  statement  on  a  sixty-hour  week  —  not  forty.  There¬ 
fore,  the  7,880  hours  of  work  on  this  farm  gives  a  little 
more  than  131  weeks,  slightly  more  than  enough  work 
for  two  and  a  half  men. 

Naturally,  a  few  jobs  had  to  be  slighted.  The  henhouses 
have  not  been  cleaned  as  often  as  Mr.  Poyer  would  like, 
and  a  partially  plowed  field  on  which  alfalfa  was  to  be 
sown  has  lain  idle,  but  the  essential  jobs  have  been  done. 

Next  Year 

The  production  on  this  farm  must  be  cut 
next  year.  There  is  no  alternative.  Says 
Mr  Poyer: 

“After  we  get  the  pullets  in  the  laying 
house,  we  are  going  at  the  beans,  and  then 
hope  to  harvest  the  cabbage.  The  govern¬ 
ment  is  asking  for  more  eggs.  With  what 
help  I  hope  to  get,  I  can  take  care  of  the 
hens  after  a  fashion,  but  I  cannot  raise  crops 
without  more  help.  I  am  not  as  young  as 
I  was  and  I  can’t  keep  up  this  year’s  pace. 

Unless  I  can  get  someone  to  work  the  land 
on  shares,  it  will  just  have  to  lay  idle  next 
summer.” 

Mr.  Poyer  and  thousands  of  other  farm¬ 
ers  in  the  same  position  will  get  along. 

What  worries  him  is  the  necessity  for  cut¬ 
ting  food  production,  which  he  feels  may 
be  desperately  needed  next  year. 

— H.  L.  Cosline. 

—  A.  A. — 


STOP  ACCIDENTS 


The  wiping  out  of  a  city  of  100,000  in¬ 
habitants  would  shock  the  nation,  yet  ac¬ 
cidents  will  kill  approximately  100,000  Am¬ 
ericans  before  twelve  months  roll  around. 

The  hazards  of  farming  are  considerable. 
Now  is  a  good  time  to  go  over  your  farm 
operations,  spot  danger  points  and  lay 
plans  to  avoid  them.  Any  accident  that 
involves  loss  of  life,  loss  of  time,  or  loss  of 
materials  is  an  aid  to  our  enemies. 


-t  Mrs.  Foyer  has 
canned  about  500 
cans  of  fruits  and  vegetables, 
some  of  them  to  the  County 
brought  home  some  ribbons. 


She  took 
Fair  and 


(620)  6 


American  Agriculturist,  November  21,  1942 


WHAT  ACTUAL 
USERS  SAY  ABOUT 
AYI-TAB 


"I  HAD  THIS  10-DAY  DIET!" 


Maybe  I  wasn't  laying  quite  as  much 
as  I  should,  what  with  a  war.  on,  dnd 
everything.  But  that's  all  fix6d.  My 
"boss”  gave  me  Dr.  Salsbury's  Avi-Tab 
in  the  feed  for  ten  days  .  .  .  and  did 
I  perk  up!  Now  I'm  a  regular! 

Biddy's  boss  was  smart  .  .  .  mixed 
Avi-Tab  in  the  mash  at  the  rate  of  Vi 
pound  to  each  100  pounds  of  mash. 
The  birds  got  that  for  ten  days  each 
month.  And  how  those  sluggish  hens 
perked  up! 

That's  because  Avi-Tab  contains 
nine  drugs  .  .  .  tonics,  stimulants,  cor¬ 
rectives  .  .  .  recognized  tends  in  stim- 
/  ulating  appetites  and  promoting  body 
functions.  Also  contains  mold  inhib¬ 
iting  ingredients.  For  better  "pepped- 
up"  flocks,  get  genuine  Dr.  Salsbury's 
Avi-Tab  from  your  Dr.  Salsbury  dealer. 

Dr.  Salsbury's  Laboratories,  Charles  City,  la. 

A  Nation-Wide  Poultry  Health  Service 


.  .  .  From  letters  in  our 

£les;  naturally,  all  these 

results  cannot  be  expected 
in  all  cases . 

Texas :  "Splendid  results 
in  treatment  of  Mycosis." 

Indiana:  "Almost  immedi¬ 
ately  the  flock  began  to 
look  better,  get  better 
and  lay  more." 

Arkansas:  "Consistent  and 
profitable  results."  " 

Minnesota:  "Have  not 

found  anything  that  is 
equal  to  it." 

Texas:  'Ticked  up  in  egg 
production." 

Delaware:  "Very  helpful 
and  inexpensive  to  use." 

7 


Get  Avi-Tab  from  hatch- 
erymen,  feed  dealers, 
druggists  who  display  this 
sign.  They  are  members  of 
Dr.  Salsbury's  Nation-wide 
Poultry  Health  Service. 
You  can  rely  on  them  for 
sound  advice  in  poultry 
health  matters. 


BE  SURE  TO  GET  GENUINE  DR.  SALSBURY'S 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY 
BABY  CHICKS 

read  every  baby  chick  advertise¬ 
ment  in  AMERICAN  AGRICUL¬ 
TURIST.  Remember, — every  ad¬ 
vertiser  of  baby  chicks  in  A.  A. 
is  guaranteed  to  give  you  satis¬ 
faction.  Of  course,  he  can’t  guar¬ 
antee  that  the  chicks  will  live, 
but  his  chicks  are  guaranteed  as 
advertised. 

NOW 

WHEN  YOU  BUY  Baby  Chicks, 
in  order  to  help  A.  A.  as  we  are 
trying  to  help  you,  ord#r  from 
the  advertisement  in  A.  A.,  using 
the  handy  order  form  you  will 
find  printed  in  each  issue.  Use  the 
box  number  or  letter,  or  depart¬ 
ment  number  or  letter  in  the  ad¬ 
vertisement  in  A.  A.  The  adver¬ 
tiser  puts  it  in  his  ad  to  check  on 
his  sales.  It  is  the  only  way  the 
advertiser  knows  that  you  wish 
the  A.  A.  to  have  credit  for  the 
sale.  It’s  the  A.  A.  key.  USE  IT. 


Buy  War  Bonds  and  Stamps 


FARMERS ! 

GET  THE  LATEST 

NEWS 

ON  THE  FARM  FRONT 

BY  UNITED  PRESS 

12:30  F*.  M.  DAILY 

Courtesy  Vosler  Potato  Brusher. 

Tune  W  B  T  A  First 

DIAL  1490 


Say  you  taw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


FUR  DEALERS, 
RANCHERS  AND  TRAPPERS 

who  have  been  shipping  to  George  I.  Fox  during  the 
35  years  and  more  that  he  has  been  in  business  know 
that  he  gives  a  square  deal.  If  you  haven’t  shipped 
before,  start  this  season. 

We  want  your  furs  and  will  pay  top  prices  for  them. 
Write  us  for  price  lists,  tags  and  market  information 
and  for  a  square  deal  and  top  market  prices  ship 
your  furs  to 

GEORGE  I.  FOX  CORP.,139  West  30th  St,  N.  Y. 


WENE  Unlicensed  VACCINES 


Lifetime  Protection  Aqainst 
♦  TRACHEITIS  &  FOWL  POX** 

Safeguard  your  investment  and  profits.  Easy, 
quick  vaccination  costs  less  than  one  egg  per 
bird.  No  physical  setback.  Full  instructions 
furnished.  Write  for  free  book  on  poultry  diseases. 

Weno  Poultry  Laboratories,  Deptwiyia*  Vineland,  N.  J. 


HENHOUSE  GOSSIP 


LOUSY  AS  A  COOT 

Out  on  Long  Island  I  had  a  long 
visit  with  Mr.  Devenpeck,  assistant 
agricultural  agent  for  Suffolk  County. 
Said  he,  “It  is  surprising,  after  all  that 
has  been  said  about  the  control  of  lice 
and  mites,  to  find  so  many  lousy  flocks. 
On  one  of  our  long-established  poultry  ( 
plants  recently  I  found  the  birds  lousy 
as  a  coot.”  j 

Devenpeck  suggests  that  when  mod-] 
em  control  measures  have  been  ap¬ 
plied  and  the  lice  and  mites  have  ceased 
to  be  a  problem,  the  owner  proceeds  to 
forget  that  they  ever  were  a  problem, 
does  nothing  to  prevent  them  from 
coming  back.  Then  they  come  back 
Eternal  vigilance  is  the  price  of  free¬ 
dom  from  mites  and  lice. 

If  an  inspection  reveals  body  lice 
among  the  heavy  feathering  on  the 
thighs  and  below  the  vent  a  nicotine 
paint  on  the  roosts  and  a  second  ap¬ 
plication  ten  days  later  will  eradicate 
them.  If  red  mites  are  swarming  on 
the  roosts  or  in  the  nests  a  good  mite 
destroyer  sprayed  or  painted  on  is  the 
proper  prescription. — L.  E.  Weaver. 

— a.  a. — 

AGAIN  FOWL  PARALYSIS 

As  long  as  8  years  ago  Dr.  Kennard 
of  the  Ohio  Experiment  Station  at 
Wooster  discovered  a  way  to  control 
fowl  paralysis.  He  wrote  a  bulletin 
about  it.  I  have  told  his  story  to  doz¬ 
ens  of  poultry  groups.  Others  have 
written  and  talked  about  it.  Yet  it 
seems  as  though  as  mqpy  people  as 
ever  have  no  realization  of  the  facts. 
Perhaps  that  is  because  the  situation 
is  so  different  than  with  other  diseases. 

The  pullets  that  become  lame  or 
blind  or  that  develop  big  livers,  or  go 
thin  and  die  quickly  this  fall  contracted 
these  troubles  when  they  were  baby 
chicks.  Perhaps  most  of  them  before 
they  were  two  weeks  old.  All  these 
troubles  are  part  of  the  same  “com¬ 
plex.”  It  is  weeks  or  more  often 
months  after  exposure  to  the  disease 
that  the  chicks  come  down  with  it.  The 
infection  comes  from  older  birds  al¬ 
most  always.  Don’t  blame  the  hatch¬ 
ery. 

How  do  we  know  that  these  things 
are  true?  Because  of  these  facts. 
Chicks  from  the  same  hatch  brooded 
near  old  birds  where  the  disease  has 
been  present  have  the  disease  when 
they  are  grown,  but  when  some  are 
grown  a  long  way  from  any  older 
stock  they  are  free  of  the  trouble. 
That  has  happened  again  and  again. 

There  is  no  known  cure  for  this 
disease.  Prevention  is  the  treatment. 
Rear  the  next  lot  of  pullets  as  far  as 
possible  away  from  older  birds. — L.  E. 
Weaver. 

—a.  a. — 

4-H  FLOCKS  AVERAGE 
101  EGGS  PER  RIRD 

More  than  200  eggs  per  bird  were 
laid  by  27  4-H  poultry  flocks  during 
the  365-day  period  ending  September 
30  in  the  Eighteenth  Connecticut  4-H 
Home  Egg  Laying  Contest.  The  best 
record  in  the  state  was  280  eggs  pel 
bird,  made  by  a  Barred  Rock  flock 
owned  by  Allan  Hymon,  140  Broad 
Street,  Groton.  Allan  also  owned  the 
second  high  flock.  They  were  Rhode  Is¬ 
land  Reds  and  produced  264  eggs  each. 

Ten  rosette  ribbons  are  to  be  given 
to  high  flocks.  Allan  will  receive  three 
rosettes,  purple  for  having  high  flock 
in  the  contest  and  blue  and  red  for  hav¬ 
ing  the  first  and  second  high  flocks  in 
class  “A”  (starting  the  contest  with 
5  to  25  birds).  Martha  Tomlinson, 


Amity  Road,  Woodbridge,  will  receive 
a  white  rosette  ribbon.  Her  Rhode  Is¬ 
land  Reds  were  third  high  flock  in 
Class  “A”,  laying  247  eggs  per  bird. 

High  flocks  in  class  “B”  (starting 
with  25  to  75  birds)  and  receiving 
rosettes  are:  Blue,  Alex  Maculaitis  of 
New  Haven,  with  his  New  Hampshires 
laying  247  eggs  per  bird;  red  rosette 
to  Robert  Keller,  Bridgeport,  Rhode 
Island  Red,  239  eggs  per  bird;  and 
white  rosette  to  Warren  Holt,  Rockfall, 
whose  Hall  Crosses  produced  228  eggs 
per  bird. 

Winners  in  class  “C”  (starting  the 
contest  with  more  than  75  birds)  were: 
Blue  rosette  to  George  Goodwin,  Cen¬ 
ter  Groton,  White  Rocks  laying  229 
eggs  per  bird;  red-  rosette  to  Arthur 
Newton,  South  Kent,  whose  Rhode  Is¬ 
land  Reds  laid  226  eggs  per  bird;  and 
white  rosette  to  Fred  Scofield,  Wash¬ 
ington  Depot,  with  Hall  Crosses  laying 
218  eggs  per  bird. 

There  were  199  flocks  enrolled  in  the 
contest  which  opened  October  1,  1941, 
and  finished  September  30,  1942.  These 
flocks  totaling  11,662  birds  have  pro¬ 
duced  for  their  owners  1,352,300  eggs. 

Boys  and  girls  between  the  ages  of 
10  to  21  owning  or  caring  for  a  flock 
of  birds  are  eligible  to  enroll  in  the  con¬ 
test.  It  is  sponsored  and  carried  on  by 
the  county  4-H  club  agents  and  the  ex¬ 
tension  service. — G.  A.  Miles. 


MASH  CONCENTRATE 

Recently  I  heard  some  reference  to  a 
mash  concentrate  for  poultry.  What  is 
this  and  how  is  it  used? 

Several  concerns  are  putting  out 
these  mash  concentrates.  They  are 
made  up  of  suitable  feeds,  containing 
high  amounts  of  protein,  minerals  and 
vitamins.  They  usually  contain  about 
35%  protein  and  several  times  as  many 
vitamins  as  regular  laying  mash.  They 
are  designed  for  the  man  who  has  a 
considerable  amount  of  home-grown 
grain  that  he  wants  to  feed  his  chick¬ 
ens,  and  are  used  by  mixing  about  one 
part  of  the  concentrate  (by  weight) 
with  three  parts  of  home-grown  ground 
grain. 

— a.  a. — 

SALTS 

What  is  the  right  amount  of  EpsfllB 
Salts  to  use  for  a  flock  of  birds? 

One-third  pound  of  Epsom  Salts  to 
a  hundred  birds  acts  as  a  mild  laxative. 

— a.  a. — 

PULLETS  AS  RREEDERS 

I  have  a  flock  of  pullets  that  have  been 
producing  heavily.  What  would  t)e  wrong 
with  saving  eggs  from  these  pullets 
and  getting  them  custom  hatched  for  my 
next  year’s  chicks? 

The  big  disadvantage  is  that  these 
pullets  have  not  demonstrated  their 
ability  to  live  and  lay  for  a  full  year. 
No  matter  how  good  the  pullets  are, 
there  will  be  some  that  will  die  before 
next  fall,  and  some  that  will  be  culled 
out.  Hatching  from  their  eggs  next 
spring  will  give  you  chicks  from  these 
undesirable  pullets. 

— a.  a. — 

CANNIRALISM 

How  effective  are  mechanical  device* 
to  stop  cannibalism,  and  what  is  the  best 
one? 

The  question  of  what  is  best  is  a 
matter  of  personal  opinion.  There  are 
a  number  of  devices  on  the  market 
( Continued  on  Page  10) 


WEEK’S  FEED  OF  CALF  STARTENA 

(FOR  A  YOUNG  CALF) 


HERE’S  A  FREE  offer  to  show  you 
how  you  can  ship  more  milk 
and  raise  your  calves  much  cheaper 
and  easier  on  Purina  Calf  Startena. 

Just  take  the  coupon  to  your  Purina 
dealer  with  the  Checkerboard  sign 
and  receive  absolutely  free  a  generous 
sample  of  Startena — enough  to  last  a 
small  calf  a  full  week.  Better  clip  the 
coupon  now,  before  you  forget. 

And  remember  .  .  .  Calf  Startena  is 
no  ordinary  calf  feed.  It’s  a  DRY  milk 
substitute  thoroughly  tested  and 
proved  by  thousands  of  farmer  cus¬ 


tomers  throughout  the  United  States. 
Here  is  why  we  believe  you’ll  like  it 
far  better  than  milk  or  gruel  for  feed¬ 
ing  calves: 

V  SAVES  MONEY 


costs  about  V2 
as  much  as  milk  at  present  U.  S. 
average  prices. 

SAVES  TIME  —  no  gruel  —  no  mix¬ 
ing  —  no  muss  —  no  fuss. 

HELPS  KEEP  DOWN  SCOURS. 

RAISES  BIG,  HUSKY  CALVES. 

CALVES  QUICKLY  LEARN  TO  EAT 

IT.  when  just  a  few  days  old. 


SAVE  MILK 


SAVE  MONEY 

led  PURINA 
CALF 

STARTENA 


IIDINA 


to  your  Purina  dealer  with  the  Checker¬ 
board  Sign  for  your  FREE  Sample  of 
Calf  Startena  —  enough  to  last  a  young 
calf  a  full  week.  Try  it! 


MAN-of-tAe-MONTH 

Robert  Louis  Stevenson 

“ From  the  cradle  to  the  grave ,  Robert  Louis 
Stevenson's  path  was  through  the  valley  of 
the  shadow  of  death ,  but  he  seemed  to  forget 
his  physical  weakness  in  his  service  for  others.' * 
• . .  this  was  the  description  of  the  great 
writer  given  to  me  by  one  of  the  sons  of  a 
Samoan  chief  when  Mrs.  Danforth  and  I 
visited  Samoa  a  few  years  ago. 

Born  in  Edinburgh  in  1850  on  November 
13,  Stevenson  was  blighted  with  ill  health 
from  boyhood.  This  made  him  everlastingly 
seek  warmer  climates,  sending  him  farther 
and  farther  southward.  However,  it  was  his 
adventurous  spirit,  as  well  as  his  health, 
which  took  him  on  long  journeys.  He  jour¬ 
neyed  with  a  donkey  in  the  Cevennes,  with 
a  baronet  on  the  French  canals,  on  a  sledge 
in  Switzerland,  and  in  a  bath  chair  at 
Bournemouth— all  to  aid  his  health  and  to 
satisfy  his  natural  curiosity  to  see  things 
and  places. 


Stevenson  always  had  an  itch  to  write. 
He  kept  two  books  in  his  pocket — one  to 
read,  and  one  to  write  in.  As  a  rule  he  arose 
at  six  o’clock,  though  often  he  was  up  at 
four,  writing  by  lamp  light.  He  wrote  at  all 
hours,  and  at  all  times. 

Whether  it  was  work  or  play,  whatever 
Stevenson  did,  he  did  with  a  will,  and  what¬ 
ever  he  did  he  did  with  distinction,  as  por¬ 
trayed  by  “A  Child’s  Garden  of  Verses,” 
“Dr.  Jekyll  and  Mr.  Hyde,”  and  “Treasure 
Island.” 

Constantly  wandering  in  search  of  health, 
as  soon  as  he  came  to  a  place,  he  was  off  to 
another.  “I  travel,”  he  said,  “not  to  go 
anywhere,  but  to  go.” 

“7  love  to  be  warm  by  the  red  fireside, 

I  love  to  be  wet  with  rain; 

1  love  to  be  welcome  at  lamplit  doors. 
And  leave  the  doors  again." 


It  was  not  until  he  settled  in  Samoa  that 
he  seemed  to  stay  in  one  place  with  any 
satisfaction.  In  four  short  years,  struggling 
against  a  losing  fight  with  health,  Stevenson 
greatly  endeared  himself  to  the  native  peo¬ 
ple.  He  won  British  sympathy  to  his  native 
friends,  and  the  old  chiefs,  whom  he  helped 
to  have  released  from  prison,  loved  him 
dearly — so  dearly  that  at  his  death,  forty 
stalwart  chieftains  carried  his  coffin  on  their 
shoulders  to  the  top  of  Mt.  Vaea,  overlook¬ 
ing  the  sea.  The  climb  was  steep.  A  path 
had  to  be  cut  through  the  tangled  under¬ 
growth.  Through  the  heat  of  the  better  part 
of  a  day  those  chiefs  carried  their  devoted 
friend — “The  Teller  of  Tales” — to  the  spot 
where  he  had  asked  to  be  buried. 

When  we  visited  Samoa  we  climbed  the 
steep  wet  trail  to  see  Stevenson’s  grave.  It 
took  us  almost  an  hour.  The  dense  woods 
made  the  heat  almost  unbearable.  It  re¬ 
quired  no  vivid  imagination  to  see  those 
bronzed  figures  bearing  the  body  of  their 
beloved  friend  to  his  last  resting  place.  We 
know  why  they  called  it  “The  Trail  of 
Loving  Hearts.” 

Friends  had  great  regard  for  Robert  Louis 
Stevenson.  Andrew  Lang  wrote:  “I  have 
known  no  man  in  whom  pre-eminently 
manly  virtues  of  kindness,  courage,  sym¬ 
pathy,  generosity,  helpfulness,  were  more 
beautifully  conspicuous  than  in  Mr.  Steven¬ 
son,  no  man  so  much  loved — it  is  not  too 
strong  a  word — by  so  many  and  such  vari¬ 
ous  people.  He  was  as  unique  in  character 
as  in  literary  genius.” 

The  true  private  life  of  Stevenson  is  not 
in  any  geographical  spot,  but  in  Treasure 
Island — “Where  the  treasure  is,  there  is  the 
heart  also.”  But  the  touch  of  Stevenson’s 
hfe— his  character,  his  writings — is  like  the 
radiance  of  a  good  friend. 

WM.  H.  DANFORTH 
Chairman,  Ralston  Purina  Company 

Executive  Offices 

1800  Checkerboard  Square,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


I 


(622)  8 


TWICE  AS  MUCH 

goes  under  the 

FIGHTER’S  BELT 

As  FAR  as  the  farmer  is  concerned,  a  man  in  uniform  is  a  far 
jl\.  better  customer  than  a  man  in  “civvies.” 

The  soldier  eats,  for  example,  more  than  twice  as  much  meat  as 
the  average  for  folks  at  home.  The  figures  are:  153  pounds  of  meat 
a  year  for  the  average  civilian — 365  pounds  for  the  fighting  man. 

It’s  almost  the  same  with  fruits  and  vegetables.  The  folks  at  home 
average  about  500  pounds.  But  the  man  in  uniform  accounts  for 
over  800  pounds  per  man. 

Moving  these  foodstuffs  quickly  and  properly  is  another  of  the 
railroads’  wartime  responsibilities — for  food  is  an  important  part 
of  the  million  and  a  quarter  tons  of  freight  the  railroads  move  a 
mile  every  minute  of  the  day  and  night. 

It  accounts  for  many  of  the  cars  in  the  loaded  freight  trains  the 
railroads  are  sending  off  at  five-second  intervals. 

To  carry  all  the  materials  the  railroads  are  asked  to  handle  cars 
cannot  be  allowed  to  stand  idle; 

And  you  can  help  to  keep  them  moving.  Just  remember  this:  load 
them  as  soon  as  they  arrive — and  load  them  to  the  limit. 

Then  it  will  be  up  to  the  railroads  to  speed  them  on  their  way— to 
get  the  double  ration  under  the  fighters’  belts— and  to  get  the  usual 
food  supplies  to  the  folks  at  home. 


ASSOCIATION  OF 

American 


FOR 

VICTORY 


Railroads 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


American  Agriculturist,  November  21,  1942 


YOU  *  *  YOU  R  FARM 

awtHe  WA 


~ 

★  1  .★ 


FARM  MORALE 

Whether  it  be  an  Army  trying  to  win 
a  battle,  a  football  team  striving  for 
victory,  or  a  farmer  trying  to  grow 
his  share  and  more  of  the  food  needed 
to  win  the  war,  morale  is  all-important. 
To  be  brutally  frank,  the  morale  of  the 
farmers  of  this  country  is  slipping,  and 
slipping  fast.  That  fact  cannot  be 
ignored,  it  is  time  to  admit  it  and  cor¬ 
rect  it.  Morale  cannot  be  built  by  say¬ 
ing,  “Your  morale  is  all  right”  or 
“Your  morale  should  be  all  right.”  The 
first  essential  step  is  to  find  what  is 
wrong  and  then  correct  it. 

WHAT  IS  WRONG? 

1.  In  the  face  of  emphatic  statements 
concerning  the  prime  importance  of 
food  in  our  war  effort,  farmers  have 
watched  their  trained  help  leave  the 
Food  Production  Front  for  better  pay¬ 
ing  jobs  in  industry  or  to  don  a  uni¬ 
form. 

2.  Having  worked  under  severe 
handicaps  for  long  hours  and  having 
sold  farm  produce  at  prices  too  low  to 
enable  them  to  bid  successfully  for 
labor,  farmers  pick  up  a  newspaper  or 
turn  on  the  radio  and  hear  that  they 
are  unpatriotic  profiteers. 

3.  Farmers  are  tired,  both  physically 
and  mentally.  Any  man  can  work  at 
top  speed  for  a  time.  Then,  lacking  an 
opportunity  for  a  rest  and  recupera¬ 
tion,  he  slows  down.  Worry  has  con¬ 
tributed  to  mental  fatigue.  The  hired 
man  or  son  may  have  a  deferment. 
Will  it  be  extended  when  it  expires,  or 
must  he  look  elsewhere  for  help;  and  if 
so,  where  can  he  get  it?  Old  machines 
have  a  habit  of  breaking  down.  Will 
he  be  able  to  get  repair  parts?  Faced 
with  these  conditions,  many  a  farmer 
has  been  forced  to  decide  with  re¬ 
luctance  that  the  extent  of  his  farm 
operations  must  be  cut  in  1943. 

NO  TEETH 

Farm  morale  was  given  a  temporary 
shot  in  the  arm  a  couple  of  weeks  ago 
when  newspapers  reported  War  Man¬ 
power  Commissioner  McNutt’s  plan 
for  deferring  essential  workers  on 
dairy,  poultry  and  livestock  farms. 
To  be  sure,  fruit  and  vegetable  grow¬ 
ers  wondered  why  they  were  left  out 
of  the  picture.  Later  they  discovered 
that  the  teeth  in  the  program  haven’t 
appeared  yet.  Unless  the  teeth  are  put 
in  fruit  and  vegetable  growers  haven’t 
missed  much. 

American  Agriculturist  sent  the  fol¬ 
lowing  wire  to  the  War  Manpower 
Commissioner : 

“WHEN  WILL  LOCAL  DRAFT  BOARDS  RE¬ 
CEIVE  INSTRUCTIONS  RELATIVE  TO  DEFER¬ 
MENT  OF  MEN  ON  POULTRY,  DAIRY  AND 
STOCK  FARMS?” 

Here  is  the  reply,  signed  by  William 
C.  Rose,  Brigadier  General,  Chief  of 
Military  Division  of  the  War  Manpower 
Commission : 

“THIS  WILL  ACKNOWLEDGE  RECEIPT  OF 
YOUR  TELEGRAM  OF  OCTOBER  31  ADDRESS¬ 
ED  TO  MR.  McNUTT. 

“THE  DIRECTOR  OF  THE  SELECTIVE  SERV¬ 
ICE  SYSTEM  ON  OCTOBER  27  WIRED  ALL 
STATE  DIRECTORS,  INSTRUCTING  THEM  TO 
DIRECT  LOCAL  BOARDS  TO  GIVE  SERIOUS 
CONSIDERATION  TO  OCCUPATIONAL  DEFER¬ 
MENT  OF  MEN  ON  POULTRY,  DAIRY  AND 
STOCK  FARMS.” 

Note  that  it  reads  “instructing  them 
to  direct  Local  Boards  to  give  serious 
consideration  .  .  .”  Most  Local  Boards 
have  been  doing  this.  We  hope  the  in¬ 
structions  will  have  some  effect  on 
Boards  that  have  been  particularly 
tough;  but  when  you  boil  it  all  down, 
the  Draft  Board  still  decides  whether 


the  man  is  of  most  use  on  the  farm 
or  in  the  Army.  IF  draft  boards  carry 
out  the  intent  of  Commissioner  Mc¬ 
Nutt’s  plan,  and  IF  the  plan  is  extend¬ 
ed  to  include  fruit  and  vegetable  grow¬ 
ers,  the  drain  of  farm  manpower  will 
be  partially  stopped. 

THE  REMEDY 

-  Farm  morale  can  be  started  on  the 
upward  trend,  and  before  long  reach 
the  point  where  farmers  will  tackle 
the  food  production  job  with  new  vigor, 
if  the  following  things  are  done: 

1.  Give  them  assurance  that  at  least 

as  much  skilled  labor  will  be  available 
as  in  1942.  That  would  mean  continu¬ 
ing  deferments  already  given  and  eas¬ 
ing  the  requirements  for  deferments  on 
all  farms  along  the  lines  proposed  by 
Commissioner  McNutt.  Farmers  will 
use  boys,  girls,  women,  and  other  in¬ 
experienced  help  to  the  limit,  but  such 
help  cannot  take  the  place  of  full-time 
help  needed  to  manage  and  operate  a 
farm.  „ 

2.  Give  fairer  treatment  of  farm 
problems  by  newspapers  and  radio 
commentators.  Much  of  this  comment 
has  been  due  to  ignorance.  It  is  high 
time  that  the  men  who  write  and  speak 
take  time  to  get  their  facts  before  they 
rush  into  print  or  on  the  air.  Remem¬ 
ber  that  farmers  will  be  the  last  to  go 
hungry  if  a  food  shortage  develops. 
They  want  to  do  the  job  —  they  will 
do  it  if  they  can  get  the  labor,  materi¬ 
als  and  a  bit  of  understanding. 

3.  Give  them  prices  that  will  enable 
them  to  pay  their  hired  men  enough 
to  keep  them  on  the  job. 

—  A.  A. — 

SPARE  TIRES 

“I  cannot  understand  why  a  farmer 
who  uses  his  car  to  haul  supplies  and 
market  produce  and  who  is  lucky  enough 
to  have  a  couple  of  bald-headed  tires 
should  have  to  give  them  up  because  he 
does  not  have  a  truck  with  a  commercial 
license.  I  draw  all  of  my  own  chicken 
feed  in  my  car,  as  well  as  other  things 
that  I  must  have.  I  live  eight  miles 
from  town;  have  an  “A”  gasoline  ration¬ 
ing  card;  and  have  no  other  means  of 
transportation.  Why  should  I  not  be 
given  the  same  privileges  as  the  man 
with  a  commercial  license?  I  think  this 
matter  should  be  taken  up  with  the  O.P.A. 
by  someone  like  American  Agriculturist.” 
— G.  C.,  New  York. 

These  comments  make  sense.  Thou¬ 
sands  of  family-sized  farms  on  which 
there  are  no  trucks  depend  on  the 
family  cars  to  do  a  great  deal  of  haul¬ 
ing.  Even  before  the  war,  such  cars 
were  not  primarily  for  pleasure.  Now, 
with  the  necessary  war  restrictions  on 
travel,  they  are  a  necessary  part  of 
the  farm  equipment. 

As  we  mentioned  in  the  last  issue, 
some  farmers  who  live  on  dirt  roads 
are  lucky  enough  to  have  a  set  of 
extra-traction  tires.  If  these  are  put 
on  the  car  and  run  steadily,  the  extra 
traction  will  soon  be  gone.  Then  it 
would  be  a  question  of  putting  on 
chains  and  taking  them  off  every  time 
the  car  went  to  town. 

The  rules  for  turning  in  extra  tires 
were  made  to  conserve  rubber.  There 
is  no  question  about  the  necessity  of 
that.  *  However,  unless  the  regulations 
are  amended,  they  will  work  a  hard¬ 
ship  on  many  farmers  who,  in  spite  of 
handicaps,  are  attempting  to  do  their 
part  by  raising  the  food  that  we  must 
have  to  win  this  war. 


TO  OUR 

FARM  MACHINE  CUSTOMERS 


THE  War  Production  Board  on  October  20  issued 
the  1943  Farm  Equipment  Limitation  Order,  fixing 
the  amount  of  farm  machinery  which  can  be  man¬ 
ufactured  between  November  1,  1942,  and  October  31, 
1943.  As  this  new  order  drastically  affects  the  ability 
of  the  International  Harvester  Company  to  supply 
machines  to  its  farmer  customers,  we  feel  that  a  brief 
statement  is  necessary  in  order  that  you  may  plan  your 
future  operations  far  enough  in  advance  to  safeguard 
the  nation  against  any  serious  interruption  in  the  Food- 
for-Freedom  program. 

New  Machines  Cut  to  ONE- FIFTH 

The  purpose  of  the  1943  Limitation.  Order  is  to  limit 
the  entire  farm  equipment  industry  to  produce  for 
American  farmers  during  1943  not  more  than  20  per 
cent,  or  one-fifth,  of  the  amount  of  new  equipment 
that  was  built  in  1940. 

The  government 'has  further  adopted  the  policy  of 
concentrating  this  limited  production  for  1943,  insofar 
as  possible,  with  smaller  manufacturers.  The  1943 
Limitation  Order  therefore  provides  that  preference 
shall  be  given  to  manufacturers  on  the  basis  of  their 
size.  A  group  consisting  of  the  smallest  manufacturers 
has  the  smallest  cut  in  production,  a  second  group  of 
small  to  medium-size  manufacturers  comes  next,  and 
the  larger  companies  have  the  largest  cut  in  production. 

The  result  is  that  the  1943  Limitation  Order  stops 
production  completely  on  the  great  majority  of  the 
farm  machines  heretofore  manufactured  by  Interna¬ 
tional  Harvester.  On  a  comparatively  few  machines 
we  are  permitted  to  continue  production  on  a  severely 
reduced  basis.  It  means  that  our  company’s  1943  pro¬ 
duction  will  fall  substantially  below  the  20  per  cent  of 
1940  average  for  the  whole  industry.  On  a  tonnage 
basis,  our  company’s  1943  production  of  new  machines 
will  be  only  14  per  cent  of  1940,  and  12  per  cent 
of  the  1941  output.  Other  companies  similarly 
classed  as  large  manufacturers  will  be  similarly 
t  affected. 

All  Equipment  to  Be  Rationed 

As  you  have  been  previously  advised  by  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture,  this  small  amount 
of  new  equipment  will  be  rationed  to  farmers,  under 
a  rationing  system  established  by  the  Department  of 
Agriculture. 

The  1943  production  program  was  adopted  by  the 
War  Production  Board,  in  cooperation  with  other  gov¬ 
ernmental  war  agencies,  as  a  part  of  its  plan  to  curtail 
*  use  of  steel  and  other  critical  materials  so  as  to  in- 

l!  crease  the  amounts  available  for  the  production  of 


ships,  planes,  and  weapons  of  war.  Only  the  govern¬ 
ment  could  decide  a  question  of  such  far-reaching  im¬ 
portance. 

Harvester’s  Wartime  Pledge 

Our  company,  of  course,  is  keenly  aware  of  the 
shortages  of  manpower  and  equipment  with  which 
farmers  in  many  sections  of  the  country  are  contend¬ 
ing.  Much  has  already  been  done  by  resourceful  farm¬ 
ers  and  many  patriotic  groups  to  overcome  these 
handicaps.  Governmental  agencies  are  undertaking  to 
deal  further  with  the  problem.  We  are  sure  that  the 
farmers  of  the  nation  will  make  every  effort  to  pro¬ 
duce  the  food  required  in  1943. 

The  International  Harvester  Company  desires  to 
state  clearly  that  it  will  cooperate  earnestly  with  the 
government’s  1943  Limitation  Order.  We  pledge  anew 
to  the  farmers  that  we  shall  do  our  utmost,  within 
these  limitations,  to  help  them  with  their  equipment 
problems  in  1943. 

We  can  be  of  greatest  help  to  our  farmer  customers 
in  every  community  by  continuing  to  supply  them  with 
repair  parts  and  services  for  the  McCormick-Deering 
equipment  on  which  they  have  relied  for  so  many  years. 
The  1943  Limitation  Order  permits  production  of  sub¬ 
stantially  the  same  volume  of  repair  parts  as  produced 
in  1942.  Harvester  will  continue  to  produce  repair 
parts  up  to  the  limitations  of  the  order  and  available 
materials,  and  will  do  everything  in  its  power  to  help 
the  McCormick-Deering  dealers  maintain  the  best  serv¬ 
ice  facilities  possible  under  wartime  conditions. 

Put  New  Life  in  Your  Old  Machines! 

The  owners  of  McCormick-Deering  machines  can 
perform  a  patriotic  service  by  ordering  needed  parts 
and  arranging  for  service  to  keep  their  existing  equip¬ 
ment  in  use  for  the  longest  possible  time,  thereby  sav¬ 
ing  steel  and  other  materials  for  war  manufacture. 
McCormick-Deering  dealers  will  make  every  effort, 
•within  the  restrictions  imposed  on  them,  to  carry  ade¬ 
quate  stocks  of  repair  parts  and  maintain  service  men 
for  that  purpose.  This  should  make  it  possible  for  our 
customers  to  continue  using  the  machines  with  whose 
design,  performance  and  quality  they  are  familiar,  and 
to  maintain  their  farm  production  at  the  highest  pos¬ 
sible  levels  under  the  circumstances. 

For  your  country  and  your  peace  of  mind,  check  over 
your  machines  and  tools.  Make  sure  that  you  order  all 
parts  and  service  ivork  in  time  for  the  job  ahead! 

INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  COMPANY 

180  North  Michigan  Avenue  Chicago,  Illinois 


INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER 


(t>'2  4)  IQ 


American  Agriculturist,  November  21,  1942 


BETTER  THINGS  FOR  BETTER  LIVING  ...Through  Chemistry 


Ofr- 


HOW  DUPONT  SOLVED 
A  PROBLEM  TO  BENEFIT 
POULTRY  RAISERS 


FOR  nearly  20  years,  poultrymen  have 
known  that  Vitamin  D  is  important 
to  success  in  poultry  raising — for  the 
sturdy,  normal  growth  of  chicks — for 
satisfactory  egg  production  from  laying 
and  breeding  flocks  without  loss  of 
vigor  or  “laying  life.” 

Today  this  essential  nutritional  in¬ 
gredient  in  poultry  feeds  is  efficiently 
supplied  by  “Delsterol,”  developed  by 
Du  Pont  chemists  after  10  years’  re¬ 
search.  Du  Pont  experiments  showed 
that  an  effective  Vitamin  D  for  poultry 
was  produced  when  certain  chemical 
substances  were  irradiated  with  ultra¬ 
violet  light.  This  led  t6  the  development 
of  a  wholly  different  source  of  Vitamin 
D — scientifically  standardized  and  con¬ 
trolled. 

Defined  as  “D”-Activated  Animal 
Sterol,  “Delsterol’  ’  has  many  advantages. 
It  has  a  dry  carrier  and  is  made  entirely 
from  domestic  raw  materials.  It  is  more 
economical.  It  is  always  uniform  in  po¬ 
tency,  and  highly  concentrated.  It  does 
not  congeal  in  cold  weather,  and  does 
not  impart  “off”  tastes  or  odors.  And  it 
is  always  available. 

Developed  in  peacetime  to  meet  a 
peacetime  need,  it  has  aided  the  poultry 
industry  in  reaching  new  high  levels  of 
production  in  the  present  emergency. 
Poultry  feed  manufacturers  in  all  sections 
of  the  country  are  now  using  "Delsterol." 
Chemical  research  has  supplied  a  complete 
solution  to  an  essential  problem  in  poul¬ 
try  nutrition. 

This  is  a  good  time  for  poultry  grow¬ 
ers  everywhere  to  look  carefully  into  all 
the  factors  which  contribute  to  good 


production  and  the  sound  health  of  the 
poultry  flock.  If  your  feed  is  adequately 
fortified  with  “Delsterol,”  you  have  sci¬ 
entific  assurance  that  your  birds  have 
utmost  protection  against  Vitamin  D 
deficiency. 

For  further  information  consult  your 
feed  manufacturer  or  dealer,  or  write  to 
E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours  &  Co.  (Inc.), 
Organic  Chemicals  Department  AA-21, 
Wilmington,  Delaware. 


"I’ve  noticed  a  difference  in  my 
birds"  says  Leo  Berard,  owner 
of  Riverside  Far?n,  Salem,  N.  H. 


Mr.  Berard,  widely  known  for  his  practical 
methods^n  growing  breeders,  averaged 
210  eggs  per  hen  last  year,  as  against  109 
the  previous  year.“  We  have  worked  for  a 
large-bodied  bird,  full  of  virility,  and  capa¬ 
ble  of  laying  consistently  throughout  the 
year,’’  he  reports.  “Since  ‘Delsterol’  was 
added  to  the  feed  I  use,  as  the  source  of 
Vitamin  D,  I  have  noticed  a  difference  in 
my  birds.  Egg  size  has  increased.  Texture 
has  held  up  well,  too.  I  think  it’s  been 
better  than  ever  lately.” 

W rite  to  Du  Pont  for  the  complete  story 
of  Mr.  Berard’s  success¬ 
ful  solution  of  many  war¬ 
time  problems  in  poultry  j 
raising. 


DU  PONT 


DELSTEROL 


^DELSTEROL— Du  Pont’s  registered  trade  mark  for  its  "D"-Activated  Animal  Sterol 


erol 


l  m  m  that  you  saw  the 
product  advertised  in 

American  Agriculturist 

when  calling  on  your  local  dealer 


Buy 
United 
States 
War  Bond* 
and  Stamps 


Use  this  handy  BABY  CHICK  order  form 

FILL  OUT  AND  PASTE  ON  GOVERNMENT  POST  CARD 

□  Please  send  me  your  latest  price  list,  catalog  or  circular. 

□  Please  ship  C.O.D.  □  Express  □  Parcel  Post 

No.  Description  Each  Total 


I  understand  your  guarantee  is  as  per  your  recent  advertisement 
in  American  Agriculturist. 

Signed  . 

Address  . 

R.D.  or  St.  City  or  Town  State 


HENHOUSE  GOSSIP 

( Continued  from  Page  6) 

that  are  entirely  satisfactory.  They 
are  not  very  costly,  it  doesn’t  take  long 
to  put  them  on,  and  they  are  very  ef¬ 
fective.  There  are  three  types :  (1)  the 
vent  shield,  which  is  a  small  piece  of 
metal  attached  through  the  loose  skin 
just  above  the  vent;  (2)  guards  which 
are  attached  through  the  nostrils  and 
which  drop  over  the  -beak  when  a  hen 
raises  her  head;  (3)  colored  specs 
which  are  also  attached  to  the  nostrils 
and  which  prevent  the  hen  from  seeing 
red. 

—a.  a. — 

POULTRY  MASH 
FORMULAS  REVISED 

Increased  amounts  of  soybean  oil 
meal  are  recommended  by  poultry 
specialists  for  revised  mash  formulas 
at  the  N.  E.  College  Conference. 
Ground  wheat  is  also  recommended  in 
place  of  wheat  middlings,  and  the 
amounts  of  meatscrap  and  fish  meal 
have  been  reduced.  Several  alternative 
sources  of  riboflavin  (Vitamin  G)  are 
suggested,  including  distillers  dried 
solubles,  dried  milk,  dried  whey,  and 
yeast.  Whole  wheat  makes  up  fifty  per 
cent  of  the  scratch  grain  mixture. 
Steamed  boned  meal  has  been  added  to 
offset  reduction  in  meatscrap  and  fish 
meal.  Protein  analysis  of  new  mashes 
is  about  20  per  cent. 

Revision  of  the  formulas  has  been 
made  necessary  because  of  critical 
shortages  of  meatscrap,  fish  meal  and 
some  other  feed  materials. 

— A.  A.— 

FITTING  A 
CROSSCUT  SAW 

( Continued  from  Page  3) 
proved  by  laying  the  saw  on  a  flat  sur¬ 
face  and  lightly  drawing  a  flat  file  or 
fine  oil  stone  over  it.  This  may  also 
be  done  if  the  saw  has  too  great  a  set. 

Fitting  the  Rakers 

The  rakers  are  filed  lower  than  the 
cutting  teeth  not  less  than  1/64  nor 
more  than  1/32  of  an  inch.  For  this 
operation  the  crosscut  saw  tool  is  used 
as  illustrated  in  Figure  5.  The  tool  is 
placed  on  the  saw  with  the  rakers  pro¬ 
jecting  up  through  the  slot  provided 
and  the  points  of  the  rakers  filed  off. 
After  lowering,  a  right  angle  notch  is 
filed  as  shown  in  Figure  IB.  The  file 
is  held  horizontally  and  two  chisel 
shaped  edges  are  made. 

A  rusty  saw  may  be  cleaned  with  a 
piece  of  lump  purriace  stone  and  water. 
The  pumace  stone  is  obtainable  at  drug 
stores.  To  prevent  rusting,  it  is  good 
practice  to  swab  a  light  coat  of  light 
oil  on  a  saw  if  it  is  not  to  be  used  for 
any  length  of  time  and  then  store  it 
in  a  dry  place. 


ONE  IN  A  THOUSAND. — This  twenty- 
pound  White  Holland  turkey  is  one  of  a 
flock  of  a  thousand  raised  by  Robert 
Spence  of  Himrod,  N.  Y.  The  young  lady 
holding  the  turkey  is  Frances  Anthony. 


Baby  ^  Chicks 


Sec.  of  Agriculture  Wickard  has  asked  you  poul¬ 
trymen  to  produce  an  additional  200  million 
chicks  for  eggs  and  meat  to  meet  our  wartime 
civilian  needs.  We  can  do  it! 

...  BUT  LETS  DO  IT  PROFITABLY 


Stop  and  think  before  you  buy  your  chicks! 

If  you  put  money  in  a  bank,  you  are  not  satis¬ 
fied  with  interest  at  1%  if  you  can  get  2%  or 
more.  Between  a  risk  and  a  safe  investment  you 
want  safety  with  the  best  return.  FOLLOW  THE 
SAME  RULE  WHEN  YOU  INVEST  IN  BABY 
CHICKS.  Hall  Chicks  will  pay  good  returns  be¬ 
cause  they  come  from  flocks  bred  for  PROFIT. 
Safe  because  they  come  from  Pullorum  Free  flocks. 
For  a  good  return  on  your  money — BUY  HALL’S 
CHICKS— get  the  kind  that  fits 
\  your  purpose.  We 
)  hatch  chicks  of  6 
Purebreeds  and  4 
H  allcrosses,  shipped 
prepaid  and  Guar¬ 
anteed  100%  Live 
Delivery.  Send  for 
FREE  CATALOG 
and  ORDER  NOW. 


HALL  BROTHERS  HATCHERY ,  INC. 

BOXS9  .  WALLINGFORD.  CONN. 


WHITF/aOCK 

j  eras  *12. 

I 


100 


h 


All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders. 
100%  State  Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube 
Agglut  TOLMAN’S  ROCKS  famous  for 
RAPID  GROWTH,  EARLY  MATURITY, 
Profitable  EGG  YIELD.  Ideal  combination 
bird  for  broilers,  roasters  or  market  eggs. 
Send  for  FREE  Circular. 

1  SPECIALIZE  ONE  BREED,  ONE 


Em 


GRADE  at 


ONE  PRICE. 
OepL  B. 

ROCKLAND 

MASS. 


LIVE-PAY 

CHICKS 


Hatches  Mon. -Tues. -Wed. -Tliurs.  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Gat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  ''  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ $10-00  $17.00  $5.00 

Black  or  White  Minorcas - 10-00  17.00  5.00 

B.  &W.  Rox,  R.  I.  Reds,  W.  Wy.  11.00  13.00  11.00 

Red-Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross..  11.00  13.0(1  11.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAASUP.)-  14.00  18.00  12.00 

H.  Mix  $10;  HEAVY  BROILER  CHIX,  no  sex  guar., 
$9.50;  Breeders  Blood-Tested  for  R.W.D.,  100%  live 
del.  Post  Pd.  AMKR.  SEXORS  ONLY,  95%  Accuracy. 

C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


KERR 

CHICKS 

LIVE 


CLEAR  SPRING  CHICKS 


95%  Guar.  Pullets  Str. 

100%  live  del.  100 

r  Famous  Hanson  Leghorns - $11.00 

rge  Type  English  Leghorns - 10.00 

r.  Rocks  &  R.  I.  Reds - 1 1 .00 

Rox.  N.  H.  Reds,  Red-Rock  Cr.  12.00  - 

avy  Mixed  - 10.00  -  10.00 

L  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Postpaid.  1942  Catalog  FREE. 

CLEAR  SPRING  HATCHERY. 


Pult's 

100 

$18.00 

17.00 

13.00 

14.00 


Ckls. 

100 

$6.00 

6.00 

11.00 

12.00 


Wene&Chicks 

BROILERS  —  ROASTERS  —  EGGS 


II  M  *  ,  Extra  profits  from  Wene  lt.O.P.  Sired  Chicks 
U.  v.  _insured  thru  first  14  days — any  loss  re- 

Halches  Every  placed  fully  without  charge.  We  specialize 
Week  in  chicks  from  HEN  BREEDERS.  Leading 
Year  Around  purebreds  and  crossbreeds.  Kloodtested. 
Capacity  1,800,000  eggs.  Write  for  FREE  LITERATURE 
WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  Dept.  M-4.  V1NEI AND,  N.L 


FREE! 


CHICK 

ALMANAC.-  , 

115  pictures,  33  articles; 
lowest  prices  leading  breeds  chicks, 
also  day-old  pullets,  males  and  hybrids. 
World’s  largest  chick  producer.  COLONIAL 
POULTRY  FARMS,  Box  6511,  Marion,  Ohio. 


American  Agriculturist,  November  21,  1942 


1  1  (625) 


severe 

ration- 


,z  at  8  ^ce 

d  paralyT) 

RiboflaVl 


1943  Fertilizer  Supplies 
Not  Hard  Hit  £ .  Milligan 


(Editor’s  Note  :  Mr.  Milliman  is  filling 
an  important  position  as  Chief  of  the 
Agricultural  Chemicals  Section  of  the  In¬ 
organic  Chemicals  Division  of  the  War 
Production  Board,  Washington,  D.  C.) 

POTASH  will  be  in  17%  to  19% 
greater  supply  than  in 
the  year  which  ended  June  30th,  1942 
—the  high  year  of  all  time  for  con¬ 
sumption  of  potash  by  American  farm¬ 
ers. 

SUPERPHOSPHATE:  The  pro-* 

duction 

capacity  of  American  superphosphate 
plants  is  40%  to  50%  greater  than 
farmers  have  ever  asked  superphos¬ 
phate  makers  to  produce.  The  rails 
are  delivering  without  difficulty  all  of 
the  phosphate-rock  and  sulphur  requir¬ 
ed  in  the  production  of  superphosphate. 

NITROGEN  alone  is  short,  and 
the  shortage  is  not 

insurmountable. 

The  production  of  sulphate  of  am¬ 
monia  is  at  an  all-time  high,  and  all  of 
it  is  going  into  fertilizer.  The  syn¬ 
thetic  nitrogen  materials,  particularly 
nitrogen  solutions,  have  gone  to  War, 
and  practically  none  are  available  for 
fertilizer.  Cyanamid  and  Urea  have 
also  gone  to  War,  but  there  is  still  a 
small  amount  of  Cyanamid  available 
for  farmers.  The  other  synthetic  nitro¬ 
gen  of  interest  to  farmers,  domestic 
(synthetic)  nitrate  of  soda,  has  like¬ 
wise  been  diverted  mostly  to  War  and 
the  industries  supplying  war  materi¬ 
als.  On  the  other  hand,  most  of  the 
Chilean  nitrate  remains  for  agriculture, 
and  importations  this  past  summer  and 
so  far  this  fall  have  been  liberal.  The 
nitrogen  shortage  in  terms  of  chemical 
nitrogen  cannot  now  be  accurately 
measured  on  account  of  some  uncer¬ 
tainty  of  imports  of  Chilean  nitrate  be¬ 
tween  this  date  and  next  May.  As¬ 
suming  that  the  imports  continue  at 
the  present  rate,  the  shortage  of 
chemical  nitrogen  for  fertilizer  should 
not  exceed  25%.  If  more  than  the  ex¬ 
pected  amount  of  Chilean  nitrate  ar¬ 
rives,  the  shortage  will  be  correspond¬ 
ingly  decreased,  and  whatever  small 
amounts  of  synthetic  can  be  released 
to  agriculture  will  aid  in  reducing  the 
shortage. 

Three  important  steps  are  being 
taken  to  adjust  the  1943  fertilizer  pro¬ 
gram  to  the  reasonably  mild  shortage 
of  chemical  nitrogen. 

The  first  of  these  is  a  national  re¬ 
adjustment  downward  of 
the  nitrogen  content  of  mixed  fertiliz¬ 
er,  of  which  an  incidental  result  was 
the  elimination  of  90%  of  the  number 
of  fertilizer  grades  or  analyses,  but 
leaving  an  ample  number  for  all  situa¬ 
tions.  In  general,  the  fertilizer  grades 
calling  for  5%  nitrogen  will  in  1943 
contain  4%.  Many  states,  as  set  forth 
hi  War  Production  Order  No.  M231, 
will  have  no  grades  calling  for  more 
than  4%  nitrogen.  Most  high  nitrogen 
grades  have  been  eliminated  and  those 
that  remain  will  be  used  in  certain 
sections  of  the  country  for  vegetables 
alone,  and  will  be  sold  only  to  those 
farmers  who  are  professional  vege¬ 
table  growers.  Farmers  who  used  2% 
hi  1942,  will  mostly  be  expected  to  use 
fertilizer  without  nitrogen  in  1943. 
Fertilizer  containing  2%  nitrogen  is 
generally  used  on  grain  crops  where 
nitrogen  is  not  important. 

The  second  decisive  move  has 
been  to  eliminate  the 
use  of  chemical  nitrogen  from  fall  sown 
grains,  especially  wheat.  This  saved 
a  big  gob  of  chemical  nitrogen  nation¬ 
ally.  It  is  reasonable  to  expect  that 
the  use  of  fertilizer  containing  chemi¬ 


cal  nitrogen  will  not  be  permitted  on 
oats,  barley  and  spring  wheat  in  the 
spring  of  1943  throughout  the  Middle- 
west,  the  middle  Atlantic,  and  the 
Northeastern  States.  It  is  likewise  ex¬ 
pected  that  the  use  of  chemical  nitro¬ 
gen  will  be  withheld  from  the  produc¬ 
tion  of  field  corn  in  the  traditional  corn 
belt  area,  but  is  expected  to  be  allowr 
ed  for  states  like  Minnesota,  Wisconsin, 
Michigan,  New  York,  Pennsylvania 
and  the  Northeast  generally.  How¬ 
ever,  this  has  not  been  fully  decided, 
and  farmers  may  yet  be  prohibited 
from  using  chemical  nitrogen  on  silage 
com.  In  any  event  fertilizers  carry¬ 
ing  nitrogen  will  be  available  for  sweet 
com,  and  for  the  production  of  hybrid 
seed  corn. 

The  third  step  ui  the  alleviation 
of  the  nitrogen  short¬ 
age  is  the  introduction  into  complete 
fertilizers  of  oil  seed  meals,  such  as 


cotton  seed,  soybean  and  peanut  meals. 
These  have  not  been  used  to  any  extent 
as  fertilizers  in  the  Northeast,  but  are 
expected  to  be  available  in  practicable 
amounts  for  fertilizer  use.  It  is  very 
likely  that  Northeastern  farmers  will 
not  receive  fertilizers  containing  more 
than  150  to  300  lbs.  of  oil  meals,  and 
that  the  price  of  mixed  fertilizer  gen¬ 
erally,  while  expected  to  be  up  a  little 
from  1942,  will  be  still  cheaper  as  well 
as  better  than  the  fertilizer  available 
during  the  War  years  a  quarter  of  a 
century  ago. 

The  American  farmer  will  have 
available  for  his  use  in  1943  at  least 
as  much  complete  fertilizer,  superphos¬ 
phate,  and  potash  as  he  had  in  1942. 
The  majority  opinion  among  informed 
circles  is  that  the  tonnage  will  be  a 
little  greater  than  ever  before. 

No  stampede  is  necessary  or  advis¬ 
able.  However,  fertilizer  manufactur¬ 
ers,  as  well  as  farmers,  will  be  helped 
if  the  movement  of  mixed  fertilizers 
and  superphosphate  starts  early  „  and 
continues  throughout  the  winter  and 
spring.  The  fertilizer  industry  may  be 
depended  upon  to  take  care  of  all  its 
old  customers  to  the  full  extent  of  their 


1942  tonnage,  and  to  provide  more 
fertilizer  to  those  farmers  who  are 
growing  vital  War  crops.  The  fertiliz¬ 
er  industry  may  also  be  depended  up¬ 
on  to  take  care  of  the  new  farmer  who 
did  not  buy  fertilizer  before,  but  is  now 
growing  crops  vital  for  food  in  the 
War. 

The  fruit  grower  and  the  vegetable 
grower  who  has  been  accustomed  to 
applying  straight  nitrogen  materials  as 
top  and  side-dressing,  will  naturally 
wonder  where  they  are  coming  out. 
Every  effort  is  being  made  by  the  fer¬ 
tilizer  industry  and  by  the  government 
to  protect  the  vital  needs  of  these 
growers.  There  will  be  some  nitrogen 
materials  available  both  to  fruit  and 
vegetable  growers  who  have  used  them 
before,  and  to  vegetable  growers,  such 
as  spinach  growers,  who  are  new  and 
must  have  small  quantities  of  straight 
nitrogen  materials.  Since  some  reduc¬ 
tion  in  the  using  of  chemical  nitrogen 
in  mixed  fertilizer  is  occurring,  it  is  to 
be  expected  that  some  corresponding 
decline  in  the  volume  of  nitrogen  ma¬ 
terials  such  as  nitrate  of  soda  for  di¬ 
rect  application  will  be  expected.  How¬ 
ever,  the  point  here  is  that  action  both 
( Continued  on  Page  17) 


It  has  been  scientifically  established  that  for  a 
higher  percentage  of  strong,  healthy  chicks,  for 
more  vigorous,  economical  growth,  poultry  feeds 
must  contain  ample  quantities  of  Riboflavin.  A 
rich,  natural  source  of  this  essential  vitamin  is 


f  RIBOFLAVIN 
SUPPLEMENT 


B*Y  also  contains  substantial  amounts  of  other 
members  of  the  Vitamin  B  complex.  It  is  a  proved 
product  of  high  uniform  potency.  It  is  priced  for  econ¬ 
omy.  B*Y  is  available  in  the  mixed  feeds  of  many 
leading  manufacturers — it  is  NOT  sold  at  retail. 


FEEDS  YOU  BUY 
CONTAIN  B*Y 


Get  the  facts  about  Riboflavin  in 
poultry  and  livestock  rations  from 
this  valuable  free  booklet. 


Commercial  Solvents  Corp.,  17  E.  42nd  St.,  New  York,N.  Y. 

Please  send  free  booklet  on  B*Y  Riboflavin  Supplement 
and  its  use  in  mixed  feeds. 


Name. 


COMMERCIAL  SOLVENTS 

Cbrfionrtion 

17  East  42nd  Street,  New  Y  o  r  k  ,  N  .  Y . 


Address . 


Post  Office — - - State. 


(626)  12 


American  Agriculturist,  November  21,  1942 


BOND  WINNERS:  The  first  Prize 

winner  in  the 

ALLIS-CHALMERS  Win-the-War  Bond, 
Contest  is  Mrs.  Lennie  Hollon  Land, 
Route  3,  Lancaster,  Kentucky.  Winners 
in  northeastern  states  include : 

Mr.  Mathew  N.  Lepisto,  New  Castle, 
Pa.,  third  prize  of  $500  in  war  stamps; 
Miss  Rosie  L.  Anthony,  Adams,  Mass., 
$100  in  war  stamps ;  $25  each  in  war 
stamps  to  Mrs.  Elsie  S.  Meyers,  James- 
burg,  N.  J.,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry  Nash, 
North  East,  Pa. ;  $10  each  in  war  stamps 
to  Mr.  J.  Edward  Boyle,  Queen  Anne, 
Md.,  Mr.  Daniel  Day  Baltzell,  Port  Byron, 

N.  Y.,  Mr.  Stanley  R.  Ketcham,  Jr., 
Northport,  N.  Y.,  Mrs.  Mabel  I.  Savage, 
Sang  Run,  Md.,  Mr.  J.  Howard  Ogden, 
Jr.,  Prince  Frederick,  Md.,  Miss  Bernice 

O.  Crumb,  Royalston,  Mass.,  Mrs.  Helen 
B.  Haaland,  Southbury,  Conn.,  Miss  Lil¬ 
lie  M.  Mellen,  Newport,  N.  H.,  Mr.  Einar 
Haaland,  Southbury,  Conn.,  Miss  Mary 
Hamer,  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  Mr.  Bernard  A. 
Polinsky,  Jewett  City,  Conn.,  Mr.  Howard 
T.  Groff,  Ft.  Plain,  N.  Y.,  Miss  Mildred 
L.  Howell,  Farmersville,  N.  Y.,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Arthur  B.  Beaumont,  Amherst, 
Mass.,  Mr.  Stewart  H.  Resch,  Temple, 
Pa.,  Mr.  Francis  Foy,  Deer  River,  N.  Y. 

A  RIGHT  WAY:  Portland  cement 

is  one  building 
material  which  is  plentiful,  and  which 
can  be  used  for  improvements  that  will 
save  you  time  and  money.  While  build¬ 
ing  with  concrete  is  not  complicated, 
there  is  a  right  w%.y  and  a  wrong  way 
to  do  any  job.  To  learn  the  right  way, 
write  PORTLAND  CEMENT  ASSOCIA¬ 
TION,  Dept.  Klla-1,  347  Madison  Avenue, 
New  York  City,  for  booklets.  They  have 
them  on  all  types  of  farm  buildings.  A 
handy  way  to  order  the  one  you  want  is 
to  use  the  coupon  on  page  15  of  the  No¬ 
vember  7  issue. 

EXTRA  MILEAGE:  Through  its 

dealers  and 

store  organizations,  FlttESTONE  TIRE 
AND  RUBBER  COMPANY  has  started 
a  special  tire  inspection,  extra  mileage 
plan.  The  program  has  three  parts.  The 


“LITTLE  MEN”,  who  in  former  years 
were  attached  to  shows  and  circuses,  are 
now  doing  important  defense  jobs.  The 
picture  shows  L.  Dwight  Stover,  42  years 
old,  displaying  his  identification  badge 
to  Officer  T.  H.  Henderson  at  the  GOOD¬ 
YEAR  AIRCRAFT  CORPORATION. 
Hundreds  of  hours  of  time  are  saved  by 
these  men  because  their  small  size  allows 
them  to  work  inside  airplane  wings  and 
other  spaces  too  small  to  admit  a  man 
of  normal  stature. 


first  includes  the  removal  of  tacks  and 
other  objects  from  tire  tread  and  body, 
followed  by  rotation  of  tires  from  wheel 
to  wheel.  The  second  step  is  treating 
tires  with  Firestone  extra  mileage  pre¬ 
servative  which  seals  cracks  in  the  rub¬ 
ber.  The  third  is  the  injection  of  Fire¬ 
stone  puncture  seal  in  each  inner  tube. 
This  product  (which  was  recently  de¬ 
veloped)  automatically  seals  small  leaks 
and  punctures,  and  also  prevents  leakage 
of  air  through  the  poor  rubber  of  old 
tubes. 

PUMP  AID:  The  demand  for  new 
pumps  is  going  to 
exceed  the  supply.  That  makes  it  neces¬ 
sary  to  keep  old  pumps  and  water  sys¬ 
tems  going.  To  help  do  this,  THE  DEM- 
ING  COMPANY,  Salem,  Ohio,  is  publish¬ 
ing  the  ‘‘Deming  Water  Systems  Service 
Manual.”  It  contains  68  pages  of  il¬ 
lustrated  information  on  servicing  Dem¬ 
ing  pumps  and  water  systems. 

CLEAN  MILKERS:  A  new.  fold‘ 

er  giving 

hints  on  caring  for  and  cleaning  Hinman 
milking  machines  is  being  distributed  by 
the  HINMAN  MILKING  MACHINE 
COMPANY,  Box  25,  Oneida,  N.  Y.  If  you 
own  a  Hinman,  you  will  find  this  folder 
helpful.  Drop  a  post  card  to  the  com¬ 
pany  and  get  it. 

DESSERTS:  Su&ar  rationing  is  a 
challenge  to  farm 
cooks.  Use  sugar-saving  recipes,  and 
your  family  will  never  know  it  is  being 
rationed.  Send  to  R.  B.  DAVIS  COM¬ 
PANY,  13  Jackson  Street,  Hoboken,  New 
Jersey,  and  ask  for  their  folder  of  20 
sugar-saving  recipes.  If  you  want  to 
inclose  ten  cents,  they  will  also  send  you 
the  Davis  Master  Pattern  Baking  Formu¬ 
las. 

SPARKS:  The  A"c  sPark  plu&  Di- 

vision  of  GENERAL  MO¬ 
TORS  CORPORATION  has  a  three-point 
plan  for  lengthening  the  life  of  spark 
plugs.  Here  it  is  : 

1.  Have  your  spark  plugs  cleaned  and 
the  gaps  adjusted  every  4,000  miles  or 
every  200  hours. 

2.  Replace  badly  worn  plugs  promptly. 

3.  Switch  to  “hotter”  plugs  if  your  plugs 
foul  excessively;  and  to  “cooler”  plugs 
if  preignition,  rapid  wear,  cracking, 
or  splitting  are  chronic. 

A-C  spark  plugs  are  numbered  —  the 
“hot”  plugs  having  the  higher  numbers. 

TRACTOR  "PEP”:  If  y°u  have 

■  not  already 
sent  for  the  60-page  tractor  manual 
which  is  available  from  GULF  FARM 
AIDS,  Room  3800,  Gulf  Building,  Pitts¬ 
burgh,  Pennsylvania,  do  so  now.  You  will 
find  it  full  of  information  that  will  help 
you  keep  your  tractor  at  top  efficiency. 

COMPRESSION:  The  P°wer  de' 

veloped  by  a 
tractor  may  vary  as  much  as  30%.  One 
method  of  getting  top  power  is  to  use 
gasoline  instead  of  kerosene,  and  to  in¬ 
stall  high-altitude  pistons  which  will  al¬ 
low  the  tractor  to  get  the  full  power 
from  the  gasoline.  THE  ETHYL  COR¬ 
PORATION,  Chrysler  Building,  New 
York  City,  suggests  that  now  is  the  time 
to  check  with  your  tractor  dealer  about 
changing  over  to  high-altitude  pistons  to 
give  your  engine  more  compression. 

L  |U:i7n.  The  INTERNATIONAL 

1_^|  harvester  com¬ 
pany,  180  North  Michigan  Avenue, 
Chicago,  Illinois,  through  local  McCorm- 
ick-Deering  dealers,  are  furnishing  a 
waterproof  11x14  sign  indicating  that  the 
farm  equipment  on  a  farm  is  pledged  to 
victory.  Also  available  from  the  Inter¬ 
national  Harvester  Company  is  a  booklet 
“Your  Farm  Equipment — Take  Care  of  It 
and  Make  It  Do.”  This  will  give  you 
many  money-saving  suggestions  about 
keeping  your  farm  equipment  in  shape. 


This  Holstein  cow,  Cornell  Pride  Madam,  is  from  the  Cornell  University  herd.  She 
topped  the  27th  Annual  Allegany-Steuben  Holstein  Sale  at  $650.  Holding  her  is  Paul 
Dean,  herdsman  at  the  College.  Standing  back  of  her  is  H.  H.  Rathbun,  Jr.,  of 

Oriskany  Falls,  N.  Y.,  who  bought  her 


HILLSIDE  FARM  HAPPENINGS 

( Continued  from  Page  1) 


command  and  entreaty  and  at  the  criti¬ 
cal  moment  physical  assistance.  He 
had  his  uses,  however.  He  was  a  fairly 
good  man  with  an  axe.  In  pitching  hay 
on  a  wagon  he  was  perhaps  better 
than  average. 

But  it  was  as  a  delver  that  he  shone. 
Put  a  spade  in  his  hand  and  tell  him 
to  dig— then  his  foot  was  on  his  native 
heath.  He  had  his  own  treasured 
special  tool — the  long  Irish  spade.  The 
blade  was  very  long  and  narrow  and 
heavy  so  that  on  a  pinch  it  could  be 
used  as  a  pry  or  a  pick.  The  handle 
was  longer  than  on  most  spades  and 
instead  of  the  usual  grip  it  had  a  short 
wooden  bar  across  the  top  like  the 
letter  T.  With  this  rather  strange  tool 
he  was  an  artist  and  himself  used  to 
boast  that  he  handled  it  as  daintily  as 
a  “foine  lady  handled  a  tay-spoon.” 
For  many  years  —  more  than  forty 
I  think — he  spaded  every  foot  of  our 
fairly  good  sized  garden,  turning  it  up 
way  into  the  comers  and  reaching  un¬ 
der  the  fence.  He  tossed  every  little 
weed  on  top  and  left  the  plot  level 
without  “back”  or  “dead”  furrows. 

The  garden  of  that  day,  since  some¬ 
what  enlarged,  was  about  a  quarter  of 
an  acre  and  my  memory  is  that  John 
spaded  it  in  something  more  than  two 
but  less  than  three  days.  In  any  case 
his  wage  was  not  more  than  a  dollar 
and  a  quarter  a  day  and  the  cost  of 
this  beautiful  job  of  preparation  was 
not  excessive.  Then  John  planted  it, 
always  using  a  line,  sowing  every 
thing  in  mathamatically  straight  rows. 
He  sowed  the  tiny  seed  sprinkling  them 
through  his  fingers  with  surprising 
evenness.  At  this  job  he  did  not  kneel 
or  crouch  as  most  of  us  do  but  worked 
bending  from  his  hips  like  a  jack¬ 
knife,  a  position  that  he  would  assume 
by  the  hour  without  apparent  fatigue. 

Well  —  all  of  this  is  in  the  past.  For 
thirty-eight  years  now  John  has  been 
lying  in  our  little  cemetery  far  from 
County  Cavan  where  he  was  bred,  but 
each  spring  when  garden  making  time 
comes  around  we  invoke  his  memory 
and  speak  of  it  with  something  of  the 
reminiscent  tenderness  with  which  a 
Southerner  speaks  of  “The  Good  Old 
Days”  that  lay  before  the  War  between 
the  States. 

But  I  started  in  to  make  some  ob¬ 
servations  concerning  our  garden  op¬ 
erations  this  year  of  1942.  On  this 
farm  we  have  two  outstanding  weeds — 
the  only  two,  I  think,  which  are  a  real 
menace  to  our  farm  operations.  One  is 
the  very  widely  spread  quack-grass  and 


the  other  is  wild  mustard.  Quack  is 
always  with  us  everywhere  and  we 
fight  it  the  best  we  can  with  varying 
success. 

In  our  garden  the  one  outstanding 
weed,  more  important  I  think  than  all 
the  rest  put  together  is  what  we  call 
“malice”  or  more  correctly  “mallow.” 
Children  often  refer  to  it  as  “cheese- 
plant”  because  of  the  round,  disc-like 
seed  vessels.  Its  creeping  habit  and 
strong  tap-root  make  it  difficult  to 
handle.  Seed  germinating  in  the  spring 
will  be  strong  lusty  plants  ripening 
their  seed  freely  long  before  fall.  With 
us  it  seems  about  half  winter-hardy, 
and  while  many  plants  perish,  some 
survive.  Malice  seems  to  be  a  curiously 
domestic  weed.  The  garden  is  full  of 
it — so  is  the  barn-yard — but  I  never 
see  a  specimen  more  than  a  few  rods 
from  the  buildings.  Explain  that  if 
you  can.  So  too  the  creeping,  reddish, 
fleshy-leaved  plant  which  the  books 
called  purslane  and  the  farmer  calls 
“pusley”  has  the  same  restricted  range. 

Now  unfortunately  an  old  garden 
collects  not  only  a  multitude  of  weed 
species  but  eventually  it  entertains  a 
host  of  plant  diseases.  For  several 
years  I  have  had  a  growing  suspicion, 
which  has  now  become  a  definite  con¬ 
viction,  that  I  must  get  our  garden 
peas  out  of  the  garden.  I  have  tried 
various  seed  sources  and  the  treatment 
of  the  seed  with  red  copper  oxide,  but 
in  the  end  the  results  are  the  same. 
What  I  assume  is  root-rot  cuts  our  crop 
to  a  fraction  of  a  decent  normal  yield. 

( Continued  on  Page  20) 


“That  silly  game  warden  said 
we  couldn’t  shoot  a  duck  without 
a  license.  Won’t  his  face  be  red 
when  we  show  him  these?” 


Produce  Food  for  Victory? 


.  .  .  of  Course  We  Will! 


And  We  Dairy  Farmers  Will  Help 
WIN  THIS  WAR  in  Other  Ways  Too! 


Believe  it  or  not,  the  dairy  industry  is  a  BIG  business.  It’s  a  two  billion  dollar  business.  Its  invest¬ 
ment  in  machinery,  motor  trucks,  steam  boilers,  receiving,  processing  and  distributing  plants,  ranks 
with  those  of  many  other  industries.  And  its  use  of  coal,  gasoline,  tires,  electric  power,  lubricating  oil, 
railroad  and  tank-truck  transportation  is  surprisingly  large. 

But  when  it  comes  to  winning  the  war,  many  people  think  of  dairy  farmers  as  raisers  of  food  only. 
When  they  want  to  conserve  rubber  or  gasoline  or  machinery  or  lubricating  oil,  the  experts  who  do 
these  things,  always  get  the  opinions  and  advice  of  so-called  BIG  business  men  and  industrialists. 
And  they  follow  this  advice  very  closely.  They  never  ask  the  farmer.  They  just  tell  him  what  he  must 
do.  Tell  him  on  the  say-so  of  somebody  else — even  though  the  dairy  industry  may  be  a  far  larger  user 
of  gasoline  or  rubber  or  other  essential  material  than  the  industry  whose  opinion  was  sought. 

Now  That,  We  Claim,  is  ALL  WRONG! 

Not  that  the  dairy  farmer  isn’t  willing  to  do  his  share.  In  fact,  he’s  willing  to  do  more  than  his  share, 
and  that’s  just  the  point.  Of  course,  he  has  sons  on  the  firing  line,  and  he  will  raise  food  for  victory. 
He’s  doing  it,  isn’t  he?  But  why  stop  there?  We  formers  are  pretty  level-headed  folk.  We  know  how  to 
make  the  most  of  what  we  have.  And  we  can  tell  most  experts  something  about  saving  that  wrill  make 
the  experts’  heads  swim.  So  why  not  do  it? 

If  the  experts  won’t  ask  farmers,  let’s  tell  ’em.  Let’s  make 
'em  understand  that  dairy  farming  is  a  BIG  industry,  and  that  it 
deserves  the  rights  and  respect  accorded  to  other  BIG  indus¬ 
tries.  Furthermore,  if  anyone  knows  how  to  make  a  five-year- 
old  tire  run  five  years  more,  the  farmer  does.  And  he  can  wean 
a  tractor  or  motor  truck  from  using  too  much  gasoline  the 
same  way  he  weans  a  calf  from  its  mother. 

In  short,  we  farmers  are  getting  tired  of  being  told  what 
to  do.  Our  forefathers  said  "taxation  without  representation” 
is  tyranny.  We  say,  "regulation  without  representation”  will 
hurt  the  war  effort.  So  let’s  get  together.  Let’s  show  the  experts 
-'i  -HE®  I  how  to  save  —  and  if  anybody  must  be  told,  let’s  us  do  the  telling / 


£uf>/M>tf7/oat 

CO-OPERATIVE 


Work  with  it... Believe  in 


it . . .  Depend 


Thai 


that 


IIP** 


Published  by  THE  THOUSANDS  OF  FARMERS  WHO  OWN,  OPERATE  AND  CONTROL  THE  DAIRYMEN'S  LEAGUE 


(628)  14 


American  Agriculturist,  November  21,  1942 


J\J ositbea&t  ManJzeti  jpn,  NatMteoAi  Ptoduoe/il 


e<? American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page 


HOLSTEIN 


TRY  “WAIT  FARMS”  FIRST 

for  your  next  Herd  Sire.  We  specialize  on  Type  and 
Production.  2  Gold  Medal  Herd  Sires,  2  Silver  Medal. 
Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  THAEUB^T  £ARYMS’ 


ORCHARD  HILL  STOCK  FARM 

offers  for  sale  Carnation  bred  bulls  of  excellent  type 
from  high  producing  dams  and  sired  by 
Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

M.  R.  Klock  &  Son,  Fort  Plain,  N.  Y. 


For  Sale:  REGISTERED  HOLSTEINS 

Will  sell  30  head.  Your  choice  of  115.  Herd  average 
3-75%  fat  last  eighteen  months.  Many  splendid  fami¬ 
lies  that  combine  show  quality  with  high  production. 
Some  high  quality  young  bulls,  excellent  show  prospects. 
PAUL  SMITH,  NEWARK  VALLEY.  NEW  YORK. 


ALL  AGES,  BY  EXTRA 
WELL  BRED  SIRES.  FROM 
COWS  WITH  GOOD  C.T.A. 
RECORDS. 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 


For  Sale:  Two  Registered  Holstein  Bulls 

Accredited,  blood  tested,  eighteen  months  old. 

A  few  heifers  ready  to  freshen  for  first  time. 

A  few  good  heifer  calves. 

Thomas  J.  Lonergan,  Homer,  N.  Y. 


GUERNSEY _ 

365  HEAD  FEDERAL 
ACCREDITED  NEGATIVE 

FOR  SALE:  Young  bulls  and  a  few 
heifer  calves  closely  related  to  Tarbell 
Farms  Peerless  Margo,  18501  lbs.  Milk, 
1013  lbs.  Fat,  World’s  Champion  Jr. 
3  year  old,  also  to  Tarbell  Farms  Royal 
Lenda  20508  lbs.  Milk,  1109  lbs.  Fat, 
World’s  Champion  Jr.  4  year  old. 
Visitors  Welcome.  Full  information 
furnished  on  request. 


For  Sale:  Registered  Guernsey  Bulls. 

READY  FOR  SERVICE,  FROM  600  LB.  DAMS. 
FEW  HEIFERS  UNDER  ONE  YEAR. 

Price  reasonable  (a  good  time  to  buy). 

Lake  Delaware  Farms,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 


JEHSEYS 


FOR  SALE:  PUREBRED  JERSEYS. 

Vaccinated  as  calves;  now  negative  on  Bangs  test. 
Accredited  herd.  Sybil  breeding  from  famous  0"d''n 
Mills  Herd.  Herd  sire  a  grandson  of  Sociable  Sybil. 
Reasonably  priced. 

B.  W.  MURRAY,  Campbell  Hall,  Orange  County,  N.Y. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.8.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEINS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 


Tarbell 

Guernsey 

Farms 

Smithville 

Plate  NY 


ABERDEEN-ANGUS 


HEREFORD  —  ANGUS 

EVERYTHING  IN  REGISTERED  AND 
COMMERCIAL  BREEDING  STOCK. 

West  Acres  Farms,  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE  —  BEEF  CATTLE 

180  HEAD  OF  ABERDEEN-ANGUS  CATTLE, 
COWS,  HEIFERS  AND  STEERS. 

Howard  G.  Davis,  Branchport,  N.  Y. 


SHORTHORNS 


Purebred  Dual  Purpose  Shorthorn  Bulls 

BEST  FOB  THE  GENERAL  FARMER. 
Tell  us  the  age  you  desire. 

WM.  J.  BREW  &  SONS,  Bergen,  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE:  TEN  HEAD  OF  REGISTERED 

Dual  Purpose  Shorthorn  Cattle 

Ail  ages.  Also  two  yearling  bulls.  All  T.B  and  bloodtested. 

I.  L.  KENNEDY,  Holley,  N.  Y. 

2  MILES  WEST  OF  CLARENDON. 


HEREFORDS 


HOP  CREEK  FARMS 

Still  have  some  polled  and  horned  Hereford  bulls,  one 
and  two  years  old;  sold  out  of  cows  and  heifers.  More 
for  sale  in  fall  of  1943. 

JOSEPH  L.  MOREAU,  Ho!m  delin'1*'  j. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
H  In  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


£a£eA 


CvetvtA 


HELP  WANTED 

WANTED  — 

Man  for  Profitable  Rawleigh  Route. 

Must  be  satisfied  with  good  living  at  start. 

Writ?  RawleiVb  fn  Dept  K-I0I-AGR. 
write  ixawieign  lo.,  Albany,  new  york 


Cattle  Sales 

Nov.  20  New  England  Guernsey  Breeders  Sale,  East- 
ern  States  Exposition  Grounds,  Springfield, 
Mass. 

Dec  9-10  150th  Anniversary  Earlville  Holstein  Sale. 

Earlville,  N.  Y. 

Dec.  14-15  4-H  Lamb  and  Hog  Sale,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


Dec. 

1-  3 

Dec. 

7 

Dec. 

7-  8 

Dec. 

7-9 

Dec. 

8-  9 

Dec. 

8-11 

Dec. 

15-16 

Jan, 

6-  7 

Jan. 

6-  7 

Jan. 

6-10 

Jan. 

12-14 

Jan. 

12-14 

Jan. 

12-15 

Jan. 

13-17 

Jan. 

26-29 

Coming  Events 

Annual  Meeting  of  the  New  Jersey  State 
Horticultural  Society,  Walt  Whitman  Hotel, 
Camden. 

Annual  Meeting  of  the  American  Farm 
Bureau  Federation,  Chicago,  III. 

Annual  Convention  of  National  Vegetable 
Growers’  Ass’n.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Annual  Convention  of  National  Vegetable 
Growers’  Ass’n.  of  America.  Pittsburgh.  Pa. 
Connecticut  Pomological  Society  Meeting, 
Garde  Hotel,  Hartford. 

New  York  State  Grange,  Syracjse. 

Annual  Convention  of  New  York  State 
Farm  Equipment  Dealers’  Ass’n.,  Hotel 
Onondaga,  Syracuse. 

Annual  Meeting  of  Massachusetts  Fruit 
Growers'  Ass’n.,  Worcester. 

Annual  Meeting  of  Maryland  State  Horti¬ 
cultural  Society,  Hagerstown. 

New  York  Poultry  Show,  New  York  City. 
Pennsylvania  Form  Show,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
Pennsylvania  State  Horticulture  Ass'n.  An¬ 
nual  Meeting,  Harrisburg. 

Vermont  Union  Agricultural  Meeting,  Bur. 
lington. 

Boston  Poultry  Show,  Boston  Garden,  Bos¬ 
ton,  Mass. 

27th  Annual  New  Jersey  Agricultural 
Week,  Trenton. 


SWINE 


Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 


SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS, 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  M 


ALL  AGES. 
UST  PLEASE. 


C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 


BLACK  POLAND  CHINA  PIGS 

AND  SERVICE  BOARS,  INOCULATED.- 
LARGE  STOCK. 

C.  HILLMAN,  VINCENTOWN,  N.  J. 


SHEEP 


FOR  SALE; 

18  Grade  Shropshire  Ewe  Lambs. 

PHONE:  GROTON  I6F4. 

C.  Fay  Benson,  R.D.  2,  Groton,  N.  Y. 


Couple — Farmer  on  modern  dairy  farm 

(290  acres).  Alfalfa,  soy  bean  crops.  Two  tractors.' 
one  team.  New  modern  tenant  house.  Wife  who 
can  cook  or  do  day  work  at  owner’s  house  or  board 
two  farmhands  in  tenant  house.  Couple  with  ron 
or  daughter  work  age  advantageous.  State  age, 

_  height,  weight,  experience,  wages  now  earned  and 
what  expected  for  couple.  We  pay  separate  wages 
to  son  or  daughter.  Immediate. 

BOX  1032,  Trenton,  New  Jersey 


FARMHAND— 


Single,  on 
Year-round 


modern  dairy 
employment. 


farm. 

Draft 


deferment  probable.  Best  food,  room  and  shower.  Every 
second  Sunday  off.  $55.00  per  month  and  up.  State 
age,  height,  weight,  religion,  education,  experience. 


P.  0.  Box  1032,  Trenton,  New  Jersey 


Will  Be  Pleased  to  Correspond 

with  an  experienced  and  reliable  dairy  farmer  with 
view  to  leasing  one  of  our  farms,  stocked  with  pure¬ 
bred  Holstein  cattle  and  operated  on  a  share  basis. 
Address  c/o  American  Agriculturist, 

BOX  514-D,  ITHACA,  NEW  YORK. 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 

FOR  SALE: 

300  Acres  consisting  of  two  farms, 

first  class  buildings,  spring  water,  electricity  and 
sewerage  in  every  building.  On  the  shore  of 
Lake  Cuba,  Cuba,  N.  Y.  One  of  the  most  beau¬ 
tiful  lakes  in  the  U.  S.,  1700  ft.  elevation.  Cor¬ 
respondence  solicited. 

J.  F.  OLIVE,  Cuba  Lake,  Cuba,  N.  Y. 


For  Sale:  8-acre  Fruit  &  Poultry  Farm, 

STOCK,  CROPS,  AND  IMPLEMENTS. 

8-room  house,  barn,  garage,  5  poultry  houses, 
solid  road  west  of  Allentown,  Pennsylvania.  $5000.  • 

Frank  Bealer,  Wescosville,  Pa.,  R.D.  1. 


VALLEY  FARM  NEAR  CANTON 

107  Acres,  level  and  rolling  fertile  land;  10  room  house, 
newly  painted  and  papered  throughout;  large  barn, 
stanchions,  horse  barn,  >/2  mile  from  highway,  this  is  a 
producer.  Good  reason  for  selling,  price  is  right.  Ad¬ 
dress:  American  Agriculturist,  Box  514-M,  Ithaca,  N.Y. 


Fully  Equipped  Stone  Farmstead 

Charming  residence  13  rooms,  running  water,  many 
quaint  features,  1 1 2 -ft.  cement-basement  barn,  other 
bldgs.;  $6000  insurance;  65  acres  very  fertile  cropland, 
35  acres  pasture  and  wood,  springs;  on  macadam  high¬ 
way,  mile  to  State  Park  and  lovely  lake,  3'/2  miles  to 
depot  town,  '/2-hour  to  a  city;  bargain  at  $5800,  in¬ 
cluding  team,  15  cows,  machinery,  crops;  terms;  pg.  35 
Big  Catalog — Write  for  Free  Copy. 

STROUT  REALTY 

255-R  4th  AVENUE,  _ NEW  YORK  CITY 


_ DOGS _ 

POULTRYMEN  ATTENTION  ! 
German  Shepherd  Puppies 

TWO  EXCELLENT  MALES. 

Dark  and  light  wolf  grey.  Cosalta  Breeding.  Born  Aug. 
29.  Not  Registered.  Price  $25.00.  Will  be  sold  with 
temporary  distemper  innoculation. 

I.  W.  INGALLS,  R.  D.  No.  3, 
Trumansburg,  —  N.  Y. 

COCKER  SPANIEL  PUPS 

AKC  —  All  Colors  —  3  Litters 

Edna  Gladstone,  Andes,  N.  Y. 


USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT 
TRACTOR  ON  RUBBER 

NEW  CONDITION  —  WITH  CULTIVATORS  — 
PLOWS,  OTHER  FARM  TOOLS. 

M.  L.  ROSS,  R.D.  1,  HIMROD,  N.  Y. 


“ The  lucky  stiff  —  his  mother  sent 
him,  a  supply  of  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  to  read.” 


_ POULTRY _ 

EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

YOUNG  BREEDING  COCKERELS  AVAILABLE. 
ORDER  NOW. 

James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  Trumansburg,’  N.  Y. 

Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS,  R.  I.  REDS,  NEW 
HAMPSH  IRES,  BARRED  CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


The  McGREGOR  FARM 


S>  White  Leghorns— 50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder, 
THE  McGREGOR  FARM.  Box  A.  MAINE,  N.  Y. 

R  ICHlPOU  LTRY  FAR  MS 

Leghorns  Progeny  Tested  Reds 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND— 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS.  12,000  BIRDS— 
Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de¬ 
scribes  our  method  of  giowing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 

W  alter  Rich's 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 
WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAM  PSH  IRES, 
BARRED  ROCKS,  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
It  takes  high  quality  stock  to  produce  the  extra  eggs 
and  meat  needed  in  times  like  these.  Mapes  stock 
is  famous  for  quick  growth  and  heavy  production. 
100%  Pullorum  free.  Write  tor  folder  and  prices. 

WILLIAM  S.  MAPES,  Middlftown^N  v 


CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 


BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  II.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
List  describing  our  Leghorns,  Reds,  and 
crossbreds. 

Eli  H.  Bodine,  Box  28,  Chemung,  N.  Y. 


LEGHORNS  —  NEW  HAMPSHIRES 

BARRED  ROCKS— CROSSES 
“BRFD  TO  LAY  —  LAY  TO  PAY” 

Write  for  descriptive  catalog  and  prices. 

GLENWOOD  FARMS,  1THRA^D  n3’  y; 
ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

N.  Y.-U.  S.  APPROVED  WHITE  LEGHORNS,  REDS, 
BARRED  CROSS  AND  WHITE  ROCKS. 

They  Live  —  They  Lay  —  They  Pay 

PULLORUM  FREE.  SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 
Details  on  request. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER 

Box  C,  GALLUP VILLE,  N.  Y. 


C.  &  G.  FARMS 

BREEDERS  OF  R.  I.  REDS  AND  RED-ROCK-CROSSES 
Trapnested  and  progeny  tested  for  years.  B.W.D.  free. 
Satisfaction  is  our  motto. 

BOX  5,  Bailston  Lake,  New  York. 


Advertisers  on  This  Page  Reach  More  Than  190,000  Subscribers 

Write  your  advertisement  below  and  mail  to  American  Agriculturist,  Advertising  Dept.,  Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


Name -  Address 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

Fhis  classified  page  is  for  the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications: 
LIVESTOCK— Cattle.  Swine,  Sheep.  Horses.  Dogs,  Rabbits,  Goats.  Mink,  Ferrets;  FARM  PRODUCE— Field 
Seeds,  Hay  and  Straw,  Maple  Syrup,  Honey,  Pop  Com,  Miscellaneous ;  POULTRY — Breeding  Stock.  Hatching  Eggs; 
EMPLOYMENT— Help  Wanted.  Situation  Wanted;  Farm  re  at,  ESTATE— Farms  for  Sale.  Farms  Wanted- 
DEED  FARM  EQUIPMENT— For  Sale.  Wanted. 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers’  classified  advertising  rates.  Two 
advertising  space  units  are  offered  as  follows:  space  one  inch  deeD  one  column  wide  at  $6.00  per  issue  or 
6pace  one-half  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.00  per  issue.  Cops  must  be  received  at  American  Agriculturist. 
Advertising  Dept.,  Box  514,  Ithaca.  N.  Y..  11  days  before  publication  date.  No  Baby  Chick  advertising  ac¬ 
cepted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows.  Jan.  3,  17,  31:  Feb.  14,  28:  Mar.  14,  28:  April  II.  25; 
May  9,  23;  June  6,  20;  July  4,  18;  Aug.  I.  15,  29;  Sept  12,  26;  Oct  10,  24;  Nov.  7.  21:  Dec.  5.  I#. 


American  Agriculturist,  November  21,  1942 


15  (629) 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


LIVESTOCK  is  getting  a  country¬ 
wide  reaction  from  the  farm  labor 
shortage.  Thousands  and  thousands  of 
cattle  that  should  be  going  on  feed  are 
simply  going  into  meat  channels  be¬ 
cause  of  lack  of  labor  to  feed  them 
through  the  winter.  This  is  happen¬ 
ing  on  farms  and  ranches  with  an 


The  dairyman's  standby  for 
treating  scab  teats,  cut  and 
bruised  teats,  obstructions. 

Dr.  Naylor’s  Dilators  furnish  soothing 
protection  and  keep  teat  canal 
open  in  its  natural  shape  while 
healing.  They  have  a  soft,  cushion 
surface  that  conforms  to  either  large 
or  small  teats  without  overstretch¬ 
ing,  and  which  carries  medication 
into  teat  canal  to  seat  of  trouble. 
Easy  to  insert  .  .  .  Stay  in  the  teat. 

Packed  in  Antiseptic  Ointment. 

Large  pkg.  $1.  Trial  pkg.  50c. 

At  dealers’  or  mailed  postpaid. 


H.W.  NAYLOR  CO. . .  MORRIS,  N.  Y. 

Dependable  Veterinary  Products 


KEEP 

COWS 

PRODUCING 

A  RE  you  worried  because 
udder  trouble,  breeding  tro 
ble,  scours  in  calves  or  oth 
ailments  incident1  to  heavy  pr 
duction  in  dairy  cows? 

Write  for  a  free  copy  of  Tl 
CATTLE  SPECIALIST.  Tell 
about  your  difficulties.  You  w 
get  valuable  information  on  he 

j§3 

to  keep  your  cows  producing.  ...  Write  today. 

DR.  DAVID  ROBERTS  VETERINARY  CO.  INC. 
16112  Grand  Avenue _ Woukesha,  Wis. 


CATTLE 


150th  HOLSTEIN  SALE 

EARLVrLLE,  MADISON  CO.,  N.  Y. 
Amerioa’s  oldest  established  Holstein  sale  series. 

DECEMBER  9  and  10, 1942 

Sale  held  in  heated  pavilion,  EARLVILLE,  N.  Y. 
December  9th  —  Invitational  Day. 

60  head  selected  from  the  East’s  greatest  Holstein 
herds  by  Dr.  E.  S.  Harrison  of  Cornell  University. 
1000  lb.  fat  cows,  world’s  record  cows,  sons  of 
1000  lb.  fat  cows,  and  All-American  show  cows. 
Positively  never  before  an  offering  of  greater  quality. 

December  10th  —  100  Head 
Mostly  fresh  and  close  springing  cows  and  Heifers. 
Offerings  healthy  on  all  tests. 

Write  today  for  details  and  catalog. 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS,  „|11*co”"nTy. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 

Carefully  selected  Holsteins  and 
Guernseys.  Large  number  to 
choose  from.  Sold  for  cash  or  on 
liberal  credit  terms. 

STATE  DAIRY  CATTLE  CO.,  Inc. 

B.JL  MILLARD,  Pres.  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 

3  miles  south  of  Ithaca  on*  Routes  13  and  34. 
Phone:  Ithaca  2015. 


AYRSHIRE  DISPERSAL 


T'he  entire  held  of  77  registered  Ayrshire*  and 
2  grades  owned  by  Ross  Lee,  Arcade,  N.  Y.. 
will  sell  at  auction,  Monday,  Nov.  30th,  at  1 1 :30 
A.  M.  at  the  Lee  Farm.  Herd  is  TB  Acc’d.  and 
has  been  Bang’s  negative  for  7  years.  TB  and 
Bang’s  test  being  made  30  days  before  sale. 

- FOR  CATALOG  WRITE - 

Ayrshire  Sales  Service  -  Box  85,   Brandon,  Vfc. 


SWINE 


Walter  Lux,  Tel.  0086,  Woburn,  Mass. 

CHESTER  &  YORKSHIRE  CROSS,  BERKSHIRE  & 
*  ,  CHESTER  CROSS  PIGS. 

“to  7  weeks  old,  $6.50  each;  8  to  10  weeks  old,  $7.00 
SLa  £u*°  12  wee,ts  0,d-  58-00  each.  All  large  type 
?**<-*•  Ship  2  or  more  C.O.D.  Check  or  money  order. 
«  they  please  you  keep  them,  if  not  return  them. 


abundance  of  feed  for  the  cattle. 

Lambs  for  feeding  purposes  were  all 
sold  and  simply  could  not  be  bought 
around  the  first  of  October.  Today, 
Western  Feeding  lambs  are  available 
almost  everywhere,  not  from  first  hands 
and  not  from  ranges,  but  from  other 
feeders.  Men  who  have  bought  lambs 
in  accordance  with  their  feed  require¬ 
ments  have  now  found  that  they  have 
not  the  help  to  take  care  of  them,  and 
are  offering  them  for  sale  again. 

Many  of  the  big  cattle  and  lamb 
ranges  are  being  robbed  of  breeding 
stock.  We  bought  more  Western  ewe 
lambs  and  yearling  ewes  than  ever  be¬ 
fore,  and  the  same  is  true  of  Western 
heifers.  For  example,  we  have  been 
buying  for  years  a  certsCin  band  of 
Montana  lambs  that  meet  our  require¬ 
ments  hem  in  the  Northeast,  and  never 
have  we  been  able  to  buy  over  seven 
or  eight  thousand  head  from  this  ranch. 
This  year  we  bought  fifteen  thousand 
head,  which  included  every  ewe  lamb 
which  they  had,  and  part  of  their  year¬ 
ling  ewes  flock.  They  sold  because 
they  could  not  get  help  to  winter  their 
usual  breeding  stock  replacements. 

Add  this  to  the  number  of  farms  that 
are  selling  out  or  cutting  down  in  each 
of  our  own  communities,  and  a  real 
food  shortage  is  just  inevitable. 

A  new  picture  that  is  developing  is 
going  to  have  far-reaching  marketing 
and  distribution  effects.  Already,  many 
local  butcher  shops  are  getting  larger 
and  larger  percentages  of  their  meat 
requirements  from  local  dressed  live 
stock.  Less  food  of  all  sorts  is  being 
shipped  into  farm  communities;  more 
home-grown  food  is  being  used  and 
processed.  This  is  the  necessity  that 
is  bringing  about  the  opportunity 
which  will  put  every  farm,  city,  town, 
village  or  community  in  an  economic 
position  that  they  once  held. 

As  for  livestock,  the  little  one-  or 
two-man  farm  in  our  Northeast  will  no 
longer  be  “forgotten.”  Their  livestock 
is  today  and  will  continue  to  be  in  a 
position  to  compete  satisfactorily  with 
anybody  anywhere. 

Next  year  control  measures  to  hold 
down  prices  will  look  foolish.  The  real 
problefri  will  be  to  get  adequate  food. 

All  this  sums  up  in  just  one  direc¬ 
tion — your  livestock  is  good  property, 
and  will  continue  to  be  good  property. 
Expand  if  you  are  in  a  position  to  take 
care  of  it.  This  is  your  WAR  JOB. 

—  A.  A. — 

A  UNIFORM  METHOD  OF 
MILKING  MACHINE 
SANITATION 

Recommended  by  the  Milk  Research 
Council,  Inc. 

1.  Rinsing  and  brushing  of  milking 
machines  immediately  after  the  last 
cow  has  been  milked;  rinsing  and 
brushing  the  milking  machine  parts  and 
pails  with  clean,  cold  water,  using  one 
12-quart  pailful  for  each  unit. 

2.  Disassembling, — Milking  machines 
should  be  disassembled  sufficiently  to 
thoroughly  wash  and  brush  with  hot 
water,  containing  alkali  solution,  all 
parts  coming  in  contact  with  the  milk 
immediately  after  the  rinsing  and 
brushing  with  clean,  cold  water  pro¬ 
cess. 

3.  Reassemble  and  rinse  with  clean, 
hot  water,  using  one-half  a  pail  or  six 
to  eight  quarts,  for  each  unit. 

4.  Sterilization.  All  milking  machine 
pails  and  metal  and  rubber  parts,  com¬ 
ing  in  contact  with  the  milk  must  be 
sterilized  by  one  of  the  following 
methods : 

(A)  Hot  water  of  a  minimum  temper¬ 
ature  of  180°  F.,  using  6  to  8  quarts 
per  unit. 

(B)  Chemical  sterilization — chlorine  — 
200  parts  per  million. 

(C)  Lye.  Using  .04  or  slightly  less  than 
one-half  of  one  per  cent. 

The  preparation  of  the  lye  solution 


rshould  he  as  follows:  Dissolve  one  can 
(13  oz.)  of  lye  into  one  gallon  of  water 
to  make  the  STOCK  solution.  Then, 
use  one-half  teacup,  or  six  ounces,  of 
the  above  STOCK  solution,  to  one  gal¬ 
lon  of  water.  The  solution  contained  in 
teat  cups  and  milking  tubes  to  be  dis¬ 
carded  after  each  use. 

CHLORINE  STERILIZATION 

The  proper  strength  of  the  chlorine 
solution  should  be  200  parts  per  mil¬ 
lion  and  should  be  prepared  according 
to  the  direction  of  the  manufacturer. 
This  solution  contained  in  the  teat  cups 
and  milking  machine  tubes  to  be  dis¬ 
carded  after  each  use. 

5.  Storage.  The  use  of  crocks  or 
earthenware  jars  for  storage  of  teat 
cups  and  milking  machine  tubes  shall 
be  discontinued.  Certain  types  of  milk¬ 
ing  machines  do  not  require  storage 
racks.  Dry  storage  is  recommended  at 
all  times.  However,  during  the  spring, 
summer  and  fall  months,  wet  storage 
(use  of  solution  racks  with  the  proper 
strength  lye  or  chlorine  solution)  can 
be  substituted. 

Definition:  Dry  Storage  —  All  parts 
shall  be  drained  and  stored  dry  in  the 
milkhouse  in  a  sanitary  manner. 

6.  Rinse  or  flush  out  the  milking  ma¬ 
chine  immediately  prior  to  use. 

—  A.  A. — 

TEAT  INJURIES 
AND  MASTITIS 

With  the  stabling  season  at  hand,  I 
am  reminded  (not  without  some  regret) 
of  the  banning  of  wooden  dairy  barn 
floors.  In  our  dairy,  prior  to  the  con¬ 
crete  floor,  teat  injuries,  caused  by 
cows  stepping  on  themselves  as  they 
rose  or  caused  by  cows  stepping  on 
those  lying  beside  them,  were  rare  and 
slight  of  nature.  I  venture  to  say  that 
what  we  then  called  “spider  teats” 
were  nothing  more  than  such  injuries. 
The  soreness  at  the  end  of  the  milk 
duct  would  often  create  an  obstruction 
which  would  alienate  itself  from  the 
live  tissues.  Then,  by  milking,  this 
would  be  forced  out;  hence  that  sud¬ 
den  spurt  in  the  pail  and  the  ease  of 
milking  that  followed. 

But  with  today’s  slippery,  hard  con¬ 
crete  floors,  teat  injuries  occur  fre¬ 
quently  and  are  more  severe — so  much 
so  that  in  dairies  that  have  no  parti¬ 
tions  and  not  more  than  three  feet  of 
space  per  cow,  this  type  of  injury 
proves  disastrous.  Having  seen  no  need 
for  partitions  or  more  than  three  feet 
of  space  per  cow,  our  concrete  floor 
was  put  in  minus  these  changes.  But 
the  loss  of  eight  cows  out  of  eighty  in 
one  winter  season  alone  forced  us  to 
make  these  alterations.  Time  has  prov¬ 
ed  that  sufficient  bedding,  besides  keep¬ 
ing  the  cows  clean  and  comfortable, 
can  do  much  to  pad  teats  from  threat¬ 
ening  hoofs. 

When  an  injury  is  so  serious  as  to 
require  the  insertion  of  a  dilator  be¬ 
tween  milkings,  we  foment  the  udder 
with  hot  water,  taking  care  not  to 
scald.  The  injured  cow’s  grain  is  with¬ 
held,  and  some  of  the  hay  if  it  is  of 
milk-making  quality. 

With  the  milk  flow  decreased,  the 
teat  is  milked  out  easier  than  if  it  were 
milk-gorged;  and  there  is  less  pain  to 
the  cow.  The  tormenting  time  of  milk¬ 
ing  will  be  shortened,  thus  holding  at 
bay  inflamation  which  would  soon  in¬ 
vite  mastitis.  I  uphold  the  theory  that 
dormant  mastitis  germs  are  ever  pres¬ 
ent  in  the  cow  and  are  ready  to  develop 
and  attack  whenever  the  cow’s  resis¬ 
tance  is  lowered. 

With  the  knowledge  in  mind  that 
heavy  feeding  can  threaten  the  health 
of  a  cow  free  of  teat  injuries,  it  is 
readily  understood  that  she  becomes 
an  easy  prey  when  one  is  present.  It 
is  hard  to  see  a  good  milker  drop  on 
milk,  but  it  is  often  a  matter  of  tem¬ 
porarily  accepting  this  or  the  perman¬ 
ent  loss  of  the  cow. — Anthony  Sac- 
caro ,  Grand  Gorge,  N.  Y. 


CONCRETE 

materials  are 
widely  available 


for  needed  farm 
Improvements 


Concrete  materials — portland  cement* 
sand  and  gravel  or  stone — are  widely 
available  to  help  farmers  build  for 
greater  wartime  food  production. 

Set  the  stage  now  for  producing  more 
eggs,  pork,  beef  and  dairy  products — 
by  building  clean,  sanitary,  feed-savings 
concrete  floors  in  your  poultry  house, 
feed  lot  and  bam.  By  building  a  manure 
pit,  storage  cellar,  water  tank  or  other 
modem  improvements  of  economical, 
long-lasting  concrete. 

You  can  do  your  own  concrete  work. 
Or  your  cement  dealer  will  give  you 
names  of  concrete  contractors.  We  will 
help  with  free  plan  sketches.  Just  check 
list  below  and  mail  today. 


Paste  on  penny  postal  and  mail 


I  I  Dairy  barn  floors 
[~l  Poultry  house  floors 
n  Feeding  floors 
I  I  Milk  houses 
I  I  Foundations 


H  Manure  pits 
I-!  Grain  Storages 

□  Storage  cellars 

□  Tanks,  troughs 
f~l  Farm  repairs 


PORTLAND  CEMENT  ASSOCIATION 

DepL  Kllc-1,  347  Madison  Ave.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


as  sr* 


It’s  prosperity  year  for  milk  producers.  Start  off 
the  winter  dairy  by  putting  appetite  and  diges¬ 
tion  in  full  vigor;  turn  ALL  your  good  feed  into 
milk  and  butterfat  by  giving  backward  cows  the 
aid  of  the  KOW-KARE  formula  of  Iron,  Iodine 
and  well-chosen  tonic 
drugs.  By  promoting  pro¬ 
ductive  vigor  the  job  of 
milk-making  and  of  pro¬ 
ducing  healthy  calves  is 
made  more  certain. 

Kow-Kare  is  sold  by  feed 
dealers,  general  stores, 
druggists;  or  by  mail. 

DAIRY  ASSN.  CO.,  INC. 

Dept.  12 
Lyndonville 
Vt. 


654 
and  $1.25 


Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


4 


(630)  16 


THE  FARM  NEWS 


Farm  ltureau  Federation  Delegates 
Emphasize  Food  Production  Troubles 


American  Agriculturist,  November  21,  1942 


NEW  YORK  State  Farm  and  Home 
Bureaus  and  4-H  Clubs  have  had 
many  splendid  meetings  in  years  past, 
but  never  any  that  excelled  their  an¬ 
nual  meetings  at  Utica,  Wednesday 
and  Thursday,  November  11  and  12.  It 
requires  great  skill  to  organize  a  big 
convention,  and  much  credit  is  due  to 
the  General  Secretary  of  the  Farm 
Bureau  Federation,  Mr.  E.  S.  Foster, 
to  Mr.  C.  C.  DuMond,  the  President, 
and  to  the  officers  in  the  Home  Bureau 
and  4-H  Club  Associations  for  their 
very  splendidly  organized  and  carried 
out  programs. 

Reports  of  the  officers  showed  that 
interest  in  and  support  of  the  fine  work 
of  the  three  organizations  on  the  part 
of  farmers  throughout  the  state  has 
never  been  so  great  as  it  is  now,  indi¬ 
cating  how  much  the  Farm  and  Home 
Bureaus  and  4-H  Clubs  are  appreciated. 

Feeding  Families  and  Pigs 

One  of  the  most  interesting  talks 
given  during  the  conventions  was  by 
Dr.  C.  M.  McCay,  Professor  of  Nutri¬ 
tion  at  the  New  York  State  College  of 
Agriculture.  He  urged  housewives  to 
be  “as  particular  about  what  you  feed 
your  families  as  the  farmer  is  concern¬ 
ing  the  food  for  his  livestock.  No 
farmer  worthy  of  the  name”,  continued 
Dr.  McCay,  “would  consider  feeding  his 
cows,  pigs  or  livestock  a  feed  for  which 
he  did  not  know  the  exact  percentage 
of  each  constituent  in  the  feed. 

Hope  of  the  World 

At  the  Farm  Bureau  meeting,  Clar¬ 
ence  Denton,  President  of  the  New 
York  State  Association  of  County  Agri¬ 
cultural  Agents,  said  that  the  United 
States  farmer  is  the  hope  of  the  world, 
for  on  him  depends  the  production  of 
food  for  our  armed  forces,  for  the  Unit¬ 
ed  Nations,  and  for  our  own  civilians. 
Said  Mr.  Denton: 

“County  agents,  in  cooperation  with 
farmers  for  the  past  25  years,  have 
been  developing  reservoirs  of  produc¬ 
tion  by  encouraging  the  adoption  of 
better  farm  practices.” 

The  joint  banquet  of  the  three  Fed¬ 
erations  was  attended  by  over  500  peo¬ 
ple.  Dr.  C.  E.  Ladd,  Dean  of  the  New 
York  State  College  of  Agriculture,  act¬ 
ed  as  toastmaster  and  as  usual  did  a 
grand  job.  Speakers  included  Robert 
Kazmayer,  Commentator  on  World  Af¬ 
fairs,  and  Miss  Sarah  Gibson  Blanding, 
Dean  of  the  New  York  State  College 
of  Home  Economics. 

Miss  Blanding’s  talk,  exceptionally 
easy  to  listen  to  because  it  contained 
much  natural  humor,  showed  how  all 
classes  of  our  population  are  serving 
in  this  war.  She  paid  particular  tribute 
to  women,  Who  always  have  it  especi¬ 
ally  hard  in  war,  and  emphasized  the 
need  of  expressing  more  appreciation 
to  those  we  love. 

The  many  tough  problems  now  faced 
by  farmers  were  stated  by  such  speak¬ 
ers  as  Dr.  W.  I.  Myers,  head  of  the 
Department  of  Agricultural  Economics, 
at  Cornell  University;  Senator  George 
D.  Aiken  of  Vermont,  and  E.  R.  East¬ 
man,  Editor  of  American  Agriculturist. 
Particularly  worthwhile  and  interest¬ 
ing  was  the  round  table  discussion  led 
by  Henry  L.  Page,  County  Agricultural 
Agent  of  Erie  County,  on  the  man¬ 
power  shortage  on  farms. 

Emphatic  Resolutions 

Many  of  the  points  made  by  the 
speakers  in  all  three  of  the  meetings 
and  by  the  discussions  from  the  floor 
were  well  summed  up  in  the  emphatic 


resolutions,  organized  by  the  Resolu¬ 
tions  Committee,  headed  by  Clayton  G. 
White  of  Stow.  These  resolutions  in¬ 
cluded  a  long  one  on  the  problem  of 
food  production.  It  pledged  every  ef¬ 
fort  towarfl  the  greatest  production  of 
food,  but  told  the  Federal  government 
in  no  uncertain  terms  that  agriculture 
should  be  recognized  as  an  “essential 
war  industry  by  all  branches  of  gov¬ 
ernment  and  treated  as  such;  that  draft 
boards  should  not  take  the  skilled  men 
from  farms;  that  price  ceilings  on  farm 
commodities  should  provide  adequate 
allowance  for  farmers’  increased  costs, 
and  especially  farm  labor;  that  in  place 
of  subsidizing  farmers  they  should  be 
given  fair  prices  for  their  products  so 
that  subsidies  should  not  be  necessary; 
that  bureaucratic  unworkable  regula¬ 
tions  and  controls,  including  fixing  of 
minimum  wages  and  regulating  hours 
and  conditions  of  employment  of  farm 
workers  should  be  eliminated;  that  a 
larger  allotment  of  steel  for  the  manu¬ 
facture  of  necessary  farm  machinery 
and  repair  parts  should  be  made  avail¬ 
able;  and  that  more  liberal  considera¬ 
tion  should  be  given  to  the  farmers’ 
transportation  problem,  including 
trucks,  automobiles,  tires  and  gasoline, 
so  that  he  can  move  his  products  to 
market  and  get  his  supplies  back.” 

Resolutions  directed  to  the  State  of 
New  York  asked  a  continuation  of  re¬ 
lease  of  school  students  to  help  the 
farm  labor  problem,  and  a  continuation 
of  the  present  farm  machinery  repair 
program. 

The  need  of  financial  support  for 
more  agricultural  research  and  exten¬ 
sion  was  emphasized,  and  the  point 
made  that  money  for  any  farm  research 
and  extension  is  not  an  expense  but 
an  investment. 

Another  resolution  emphasized  the 
importance  of  maintaining  the  second¬ 
ary  highway  system,  the  farm  roads, 
for  the  efficient  movement  of  food  sup¬ 
plies;  also  that  costs  for  roads,  snow 
removal,  etc.,  should  be  borne  by  the 
State  and  not  the  localities,  that  State 
aid  for  town  road  rhaintenance  be  re¬ 
stored,  and  that  a  long  term  plan  for 
secondary  road  improvement  be  start¬ 
ed. 

The  complicated  regulations  on  farm 
trucks  were  emphasized  in  another 
resolution,  the  point  being  made  that 
the  Certificates  of  War  Necessity  might 
reduce  dangerously  the  mileage  on 
farm  trucks  and  thereby  the  transpor¬ 
tation  of  food  and  supplies. 

The  State  Legislature  was  asked  to 
elect  a  farmer  to  the  Board  of  Regents, 
in  view  of  the  importance  of  rural  edu¬ 
cation  to  the  public  welfare  of  the 
State  of  New  York. 

A  long  resolution  criticized  the  dry 
bean  price  ceilings,  showing  that  the 
recently  established  ceiling  for  red  kid¬ 
ney  beans  was  far  below  parity.  Wash¬ 
ington  authorities  were  asked  to 
straighten  out  this  unfair  situation  im¬ 
mediately. 

Another  resolution  asked  that  a  New 
York  City  Market  Authority  be  set  up 
in  order  to  improve  the  facilities  of  the 
New  York  City  Terminal  Market. 

Farm  women  will  be  interested  in  the 
Farm  Bureau  resolution  asking  for  in¬ 
creased  supplementary  allowances  of 
sugar  for  home  baking.  “In  view  of 
the '  fact”,  reads  the  resolution,  “that 
farm  families  eat  their  meals  largely 
at  home,  and  in  view  of  the  fact  that 
farm  families  frequently  feed  silo  fill¬ 
ing,  threshing  and  similar  gangs  of  sea¬ 
sonal  and  temporary  day  workers  who 


must  have  large  quantities  of  energy 
producing  foods  because  of  long  work¬ 
ing  hours  and  heavy  work,  and  in  view 
of  the  fact  that  it  is  necessary  for  farm 
families  to  do  a  large  amount  of  home 
baking,  be  it  resolved  that  we  strongly 
urge  modification  of  the  sugar  ration¬ 
ing  plan  to  the  end  that  supplemental 
allotments  _of  sugar  be  made  available 
for  home  baking  as  is  now  done  for 
home  canning.” 

The  final  resolution  highly  commend¬ 
ed  the  leaders  of  the  national  farm  or¬ 
ganizations  for  their  recent  fight  in 
Washington  in  getting  action  to  require 
that  consideration  be  given  to  the  in¬ 
creased  cost  of  farm  labor  when  fixing 
ceiling  prices  on  farm  commodities. 

At  a  business  meeting  of  the  Federa¬ 
tion,  C.  C.  DuMond  was  re-elected  as 
president;  Warren  Hawley  of  Batavia, 
vice-president;  B.  L.  Johnson  of  Evans 
Mills  as  treasurer,  and  Edward  Foster 
as  secretary. 

— a.  a. — 

PITTSBURGH  FOR 
VEGETABLE  GROWERS 

A  streamlined  business  meeting  for 
a  day  and  a  half  is  to  take  the  place 
of  the  usual  three  day  convention  of 
the  Vegetable  Growers’  Association  of 
America.  To  conserve  both  time  and 
travel  the  officers  have  eliminated  all 
picnic  features  and  have  particularly 
invited  representatives  of  local,  state 
and  national  associations  to  gather  at 
the  William  Penn  Hotel  in  Pittsburgh 
at  1  P.  M.,  December  7  to  continue  in 
session  until  the  evening  of  December 
8.  Individuals  will  also  be  cordially  wel¬ 
come  at  the  meeting. 

The  V.  G.  A.  of  A.  is  the  national 
voice  of  the  vegetable  industry  and  the 
conference  is  to  deal  with  such  ques¬ 
tions  as  oil,  tires,  and  gasoline  ration¬ 
ing,  the  packaging  situation,  dehydra¬ 
tion,  Victory  food  specials,  the  Victory 
garden  program,  selling  to  the  Army 
and  other  forms  of  utilization  of  vege¬ 
tables.  Representatives  from  govern¬ 
ment  agencies  are  to  be  on  hand. 

Vegetable  growers  are  perhaps  more 
exercised  over  the  labor  situation  than 
anything  else  and  they  are  more  con¬ 
cerned  about  their  key  men,  those  who 
serve  as  foremen  and  bosses,  those  who 
are  capable  of  going  ahead  with  jobs 
of  preparing  land,  planting,  spraying 
and  dusting,  harvesting  and  packing. 

If  the  commercial  vegetable  growers 
do  not  make  their  needs  and  their  ideas 
known  it  will  not  be  possible  for  the 
industry  to  do  its  full  part  in  providing 
essential  food  for  Victory. 

Every  state  and  local  association  in 
the  northeast  ought  to  see  that  it  has 
one  or  two  representatives  at  Pitts¬ 
es11-  *  *  * 

The  National  Junior  Vegetable  Grow¬ 
ers’  Association  is  to  meet  in  Pitts¬ 
burgh  December  4  and  5  for  its  pro¬ 
gram,  banquet,  and  inter-state  con¬ 
tests.  This  association  is  run  by  the 
young  people  and  is  doing  a  grand  job. 

— Paul  Work. 

— a.  a. — 

H.  E.  BABCOCK  TO 
ADDRESS  JERSEY 
CATTLE  BREEDERS 

Breeders  of  Jersey  cattle  and  inter¬ 
ested  dairy  farmers  will  meet  in  Syra¬ 
cuse  at  the  Onondaga  Hotel  on  Satur¬ 
day  November  28  to  hear  an  address 
by  H.  E.  Babcock,  noted  agricultural 
leader  in  New  York  State.  Mr.  Bab¬ 
cock  will  talk  in  the  early  afternoon 
on  the  agricultural  situation  with  spec¬ 
ial  reference  to  the  war.  The  occasion 
is  the  annual  meeting  of  the  New  York 
State  Jersey  Cattle  Club  and  its  Presi¬ 
dent,  Harry  C.  Andrews  of  Waterloo, 
extends  an  invitation  to  all  interested 
dairymen  to  hear  this  address. 

In  the  morning  at  10  o’clock  there 
will  be  plans  made  for  several  very 
important  Jersey  activities.  There  will 
be  a  short  address  on  Jersey  activities 
by  L.  W.  Morley,  secretary  of  the 


American  Jersey  Cattle  Club.  These 
Jersey  affairs,  together  with  the  ad¬ 
dress  by  Mr.  Babcock  immediately  af¬ 
ter  lunch  will  make  this  meeting  an 
affair  that  Jersey  breeders  cannot  af¬ 
ford  to  miss,  says  President  Andrews. 

— a.  a. — 

TRIPLE-A  TO 
ELECT  COMMITTEES 

On  December  4,  farmers  who  partici¬ 
pated  in  the  1942  Agricultural  Conser¬ 
vation  Program  will  meet  by  neighbor¬ 
hoods  to  elect  neighborhood  A.A.A. 
committees.  The  meetings  will  all  be 
on  the  same  date,  and  in  each  county 
will  be  at  the  same  hour.  Watch  local 
papers  for  the  exact  time  of  the  meet¬ 
ings. 

County  Agricultural  Adjustment  Ad¬ 
ministration  committees  are  being 
given  more  and  more  jobs  in  connec¬ 
tion  with  our  war  effort.  The  Chairman 
of  the  County  A.A.A.  Committee  is  al¬ 
so  Chairman  of  the  U.S.D.A.  County 
War  Board,  and  either  he  or  a  mem¬ 
ber  of  his  committee  is  Chairman  of 
the  Machinery  Rationing  Committee. 
In  addition,  the  County  Chairman  in 
many  cases  is  also  Chairman  of  the 
County  Transportation  Committee, 
which  recently  has  been  helping  farm¬ 
ers  to  fill  out  their  applications  for 
Certificates  of  War  Necessity  for 
trucks. 

The  men  elected  at  the  meetings  on 
December  4  will  have  a  part  in  the 
neighborhood  activities  of  the  commit¬ 
tees  mentioned.  A  Chairman  and  two 
other  members  will  be  elected,  as  well 
as  two  alternates. 

JK. 

— a.  a. — 

ANNOUNCE  NEW  YORK 
WINNERS  IN  4-H 
CONTESTS 

Winners  in  a  number  of  4-H  club 
contests,  recently  announced  by  the 
judges,  receive  as  prizes  trips  to  the 
National  4-H  Club  Congress  in  Chi¬ 
cago,  November  20  to  December  2. 
The  New  York  State  winners  are: 

Leadership:  Annabelle  Ganshaw,  Wil¬ 
son,  Niagara  County;  Alfred  Dal- 
rymple,  Horseheads,  Chemung  County. 
Alternates  are  Judith  Lindveidt,  El- 
mont,  Nassau  County;  and  Hubert 
Barnes,  Norwich,  Chenango  County. 

Canning:  Mae  Dobbins,  Bridgewater, 
Oneida  County;  alternate  Phyllis  Grant, 
Redfield,  Oswego  County. 

Clothing:  Elizabeth  Lee  Jensen, 
Watervliet,  Albany  County;  alternate, 
Marion  Werner,  Mt.  Marion,  Ulster 
County. 

Dairy  production  demonstration  team: 
Simon  Kolb,  of  Rockhaven,  and  May  E. 
Stage  of  Middlehaven,  Orange  County. 

Dairy  foods  demonstration  team: 
Carol  Foote,  and  Shirley  Wicks  of  Ft. 
Edward,  Washington  County. 

Girl’s  Record:  Theodora  Stokes,  Rif- 
ton,  Ulster  County;  alternate,  Margaret 
Mosher,  Trumansburg,  Tompkins  Co. 

Rural  electrification:  Ronald  Thomp¬ 
son,  Hunt,  Livingston  County;  alter¬ 
nate,  Roger  Gleason,  Groton,  Tompkins 
County. 

Meat  Animal  Livestock :  Roger  Brad¬ 
ley,  King  Ferry,  Cayuga  County;  alter¬ 
nate,  Gladys  Flint,  Bliss,  Wyoming 
County. 

The  state  winners  in  most  contests 
compete  for  national  honors  while  in 
Chicago,  either  in  actual  demonstra¬ 
tions,  or  on  the  basis  of  the  records  of 
work  accomplished  during  the  year. 
Alternates,  who  ran  second  in  the  con¬ 
tests,  make  the  trip  in  event  winners 
cannot  go. 

Additional  members  of  the  New  York 
State  delegation  to  the  4-H  Congress 
are  yet  to  b#  announced,  including  the 
winner  of  the  State  Health  Improve¬ 
ment  contest.  With  the  4-H  club 
members  will  go,  as  chaperones,  Miss 
Dorothy  DeL&ny,  assistant  state  4-H 
club  leader,  and  Albert  Hoefer,  acting 
state  4-H  club  leader. 


American  Agriculturist,  November  21,  1942 


17  (631) 


Market  liaA&mete/i 


MILK  SHORTAGE 
PROBABLE 

A  check-up  of  estimated  milk  pro¬ 
duction  and  demand  for  1943  reveals  a 
probable  shortage  and  brings  a  hint  of 
rationing  of  dairy  products.  Right 
now  there  is  nothing  to  indicate  heavier 
U.  S.  milk  production  in  1943  than  we 
had  this  year  (120,000,000,000  lbs.), 
while  requirements  are  forecast  at 
124,000,000,000  lbs. 

On  January  1  next,  storage  stocks  of 
manufactured  dairy  products  are  ex¬ 
pected  to  be  equivalent  to  4,500,000,000 
lbs.  of  milk,  compared  with  5,500,000,- 
000  lbs.  on  January  1942.  Consumer 
buying  power  will  be  good,  and  require¬ 
ments  for  lend-lease  and  the  Army  will 
be  greater. 

Effective  October  5,  temporary  60- 
day  price  ceilings  were  put  on  all  dairy 
products  not  previously  under  control. 
Under  these  ceilings,  prices  of  dairy 
products  in  1943  might  average  about 
5%  higher  than  they  did  in  1942. 

New  York  State  has  about  1/18  of 
the  milk  cows  in  the  country,  producing 
about  1/15  of  the  nation’s  milk  supply. 
Because  1/10  of  the  country’s  popula¬ 
tion  lives  in  New  York  State,  this  state 
is  a  deficit  area  and  must  bring  in  from 
other  states  considerable  quantities  of 
milk,  largely  in  the  form  of  manufac¬ 
tured  products. 

In  the  Northeast  the  supply  of  home¬ 
grown  grains  is  about  5%  larger  than 
a  year  ago,  and  the  supply  of  hay  22% 
larger.  The  most  serious  milk-produc¬ 
ing  difficulty  at  present  is  labor  short¬ 
age,  but  a  tie-up  in  transportation 
could  bring  serious  trouble  by  interfer¬ 
ing  with  shipments  of  dairy  concen¬ 
trates  into  the  Northeast. 

—  A.  A.— 

KRAUT  CABBAGE  QUOTAS 

On  page  25  of  the  October  10  issue 
we  mentioned  the  probability  that 
county  committees  in  cabbage  growing 
counties  might  give  quotas  to  cabbage 
growers  to  give  each  of  them  his  just 
part  of  the  market  for  cabbage  for 
kraut. 

You  will  remember  that  the  govern¬ 
ment  agreed  to  subsidize  kraut  in  bar¬ 
rels  to  the  extent  of  $1.00  a  barrel  if 
packers  would  pay  producers  $7.50  a 
ton.  The  price  of  kraut  cabbage  offer¬ 
ed  by  packers  who  did  not  take  ad¬ 
vantage  of  this  offer  or  by  most  buy¬ 
ers  for  market  has  been  considerably 
less  than  $7.50. 

When  it  became  evident  that  far 
more  cabbage  would  be  offered  than 
packers  could  handle,  these  grower 
committees  got  busy.  Growers  were 
asked  to  report  available  supplies  to 
the  county  committee  and  quotas  were 
set  up.  About  the  middle  of  October 
packers  had  already  cut  more  than 
27,000  tons  of  kraut  and  were  expect¬ 
ed  to  cut  about  17,000  tons  more. 

— a.  a. — 

STORING  APPLES 

That  it  is  more  profitable  to  store 
some  varieties  of  apples  than  others  is 
brought  out  by  Professor  G.  P.  Scoville 
of  the  New  York  State  College  of 
Agriculture.  Over  a  period  of  nine 
years,  Niagara  County,  New  York,  ap¬ 
ple  growers  sold  McIntosh  for  20c  a 
bushel  more  than  Baldwins  in  the  fall; 
but  in  the  spring,  the  two  varieties 
brought  about  the  same  price.  This 
doubtless  explains  why  for  the  past 
several  years  the  proportion  of  M'cln- 
tosh  held  by  growers  for  the  spring 
market  has  tended  to  decrease.  For  the 
years  1932  to  1934,  about  20%  of  Mc¬ 


Intosh  apples  were  stored  for  the 
spring.  From  1938  to  1940,  only  about 
6%  were  stored. 

Between  1932  and  1940,  growers  in 
Niagara  County  produced  about  the 
same  number  of  bushels  of  Rhode  Is¬ 
land  Greenings  and  Baldwins.  In  the 
fall,  Greenings  and  Baldwins  brought 
about  the  same  average  price;  but  in 
the  spring,  the  Greenings  averaged  to 
sell  for  about  19c  a  bushel  less  than 
the  Baldwins.  Professor  Scoville’s  con¬ 
clusion  is  that  a  lot  of  money  made 
on  storing  Baldwins  has  been  lost  on 
storing  Greenings. 

The  answer,  of  course,  is  to  sell  dur¬ 
ing  the  early  part  of  the  season  those 
varieties  which  do  not  store  well  or 
which  consumers  do  not  want  in  the 
spring. 

— a.  a. — 

MAINE  POTATO 
SHIPMENTS 

Up  to  October  31,  Maine  had  shipped 
4,667  cars  of  potatoes,  compared  with 
3,200  on  the  same  date  last  year.  On 
a  percentage  basis,  shipments  through 
October  last  year  were  about  7%  of  the 
total  shipments;  this  season  about  10%. 
Maine  normally  ships  about  1,000  cars 
for  each  million  bushels  produced.  On 
this  basis,  it  is  estimated  that  Maine 
will  ship  about  45,000  cars.  Last  year 
shipments  from  Maine  totaled  43,906 
cars. 

— a.  a. — 

MILK  SUBSIDY 
STILL  GOING 

The  milk  subsidy  plan  for  the  New 
York  City  milk  marketing  area  is  be¬ 
ing  continued  through  November.  Ac¬ 
cording  to  the  Milk  Marketing  Order, 
the  price  of  Class  1  milk  advanced  to 
$3.50  a  hundred  on  November  12.  In  ef¬ 
fect,  the  Agricultural  Marketing  Admin¬ 
istration  will  buy  the  milk  for  $3.50 
and  sell  it  back  to  dealers  for  $3.10. 
This  in  effect  is  a  subsidy  to  consum¬ 
ers,  the  taxpayers’  money  making  up 
the  difference  between  what  the  con¬ 
sumer  pays  and  what  he  should 
normally  pay  under  the  advanced 
prices. 

On  November  1,  the  price  of  Class 
2-A  (milk  for  fluid  cream)  advanced 
to  $2.70;  Class  2-B  (milk  stored  as 
frozen  cream)  to  $2.58.  Under  the 
Order,  the  Class  2-B  price  is  12c  lower 
than  2-A. 

The  estimated  November  uniform 
price  given  by  Administrator  Blanford 
is  $2.98.  The  uniform  price  for  October 
was  $2.75. 

According  to  the  Milk  Industry  Foun¬ 
dation,  consumption  of  fluid  milk  in 
September  was  15.32%  higher  than 
September  a  year  ago. 

— a.  a. — 

MILK  HAULING 

In  past  years  much  has  been  said 
about  inefficiency  in  hauling  milk,  and 
the  war  situation  has  again  focused 
attention  on  it.  In  Cattaraugus  Coun¬ 
ty,  N.  Y.,  they  have  already  started  to 
do  something  about  it.  Last  July  rep¬ 
resentatives  of  milk  plants  and  pro¬ 
ducer  groups  met  at  the  Farm  Bureau 
Office.  A  committee  was  appointed, 
with  Bert  Dorsey  as  Chairman. 

The  first  step  was  to  map  out  the 
locations  of  all  dairymen  and  truck 
routes.  Then  a  meeting  was  held  No¬ 
vember  6,  attended  by  representatives 
of  dealers,  producers,  tire  rationing 
boards,  the  County  War  Transportation 
Committee,  and  a  representative  of  the 
Buffalo  Office  of  Defense  Transporta¬ 


tion.  At  this  meeting  a  Local  Trans¬ 
portation  Committee  was  appointed  for 
each  milk  plant.  These  committees 
will  look  into  the  situation  carefully 
and  will  then  suggest  changes  in  haul¬ 
ing  methods  to  conserve  mileage. 

— a.  a. — 

MUCH  WINTER  WHEAT 
PLANTED  LATE 

A  much  larger  proportion  than  usual 
of  the  winter  wheat  of  the  State  has 
been  planted  very  late  this  fall,  ac¬ 
cording  to  a  Federal- State  report  issu¬ 
ed  from  the  New  York  State  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  and  Markets.  Two 
principal  factors  have  contributed  to 
this  lateness  in  seeding. 

Frequent  and  heavy  rains  have  in  a 
great  many  instances  kept  the  fields  too 
wet  for  operations.  Much  wheat  is 
seeded  after  dry  beans,  ensilage,  corn, 
etc.,  are  harvested,  and  since  this  harv¬ 
esting  was  delayed  by  the  rains,  the 
preparation  of  the  fields  for  wheat  was 
also  delayed. 

The  other  big  factor  has  been  the 
shortage  of  farm  labor  which  has 
brought  about  a  series  of  delays,  the 
most  important  of  which  are  the  harv¬ 
esting  of  the  fall  crops  and  the  prep¬ 
aration  of  the  ground  for  seeding. 

A  late  growing  season  with  plenty 
of  warm  weather  will  be  of  great  as¬ 
sistance  to  this  late  seeded  wheat,  but 
an  early  freeze-up  would  mean  a  large 
amount  of  winter  wheat  abandonment. 

The  early  seeded  wheat  shows  a  high 
condition  since  it  has  had  mostly  mild 
temperatures  and  a  plentious  supply  of 
moisture,  while  much  of  the  late  plant¬ 
ed  wheat  shows  only  a  small  amount 
of  growth  to  date.  However,  many  of 
the  varieties  of  winter  wheat  used  in 
New  York  State  are  much  hardier  than 
those  used  a  few  years  ago,  and  this 
may  be  to  the  advantage  of  the  late 
seeded  wheat.  Unless  the  late  seeded 
grain  gets  a  good  root  growth  before 
winter  sets  ip  it  will  suffer  considerably 
during  the  winter  and  early  spring. 

— A.  A.— 

VEGETABLES 

On  November  1  there  was  still  a 
large  acreage  of  late  vegetables  to  be 
harvested  in  New  York  State.  Harv¬ 
esting  was  slowed  up  due  to  the  wet, 
muddy  fields. 

BEETS  were  being  harvested  slowly, 
and  growers  were  finding  it  difficult  to 
dispose  of  the  crop  unless  it  was  con¬ 
tracted. 

Nearly  all  of  the  CELERY  has  been 
harvested.  Wayne  County  storages  re¬ 
ported  larger  holdings  than  a  year  ago. 
Yields  and  quality  have  been  good  as 
well  as  the  demand. 

Catskill  Mountain  CAULIFLOWER 
is  finished,  but  the  Long  Island  crop  is 
heavy.  Dry,  cool  weather  will  prolong 
the  season  into  December;  while  too 
much  warm  weather  will  bring  the  crop 
along  and  lower  quality. 

ONION  spoilage  has  been  heavier 
than  was  anticipated  early  in  the  sea¬ 
son,  being  worst  in  areas  having  the 
most  trouble  from  mildew  and  sun 
scald.  There  are  good  quantities  of 
good-quality  onions  in  storage,  but  lat¬ 
er  storage  reports  will  probably  show 
a  heavy  wastage. 

—  A.  A.-S- 

REP AIRING  FARM  TOOLS 

New  York  State  dealers  in  farm 
machinery  have  gone  the  limit  in  help¬ 
ing  farmers  keep  their  equipment  run¬ 
ning.  The  latest  idea  is  to  allow  farm¬ 
ers  to  use  dealers’  repair  shops  during 
the  winter.  Many  farmers  do  not  have 
a  heated  shop  in  which  they  can  make 
repairs.  By  bringing  the  machines  into 
the  dealers’  shop,  experienced  men  will 
be  available  to  help  when  necessary, 
and  needed  repair  parts  will  be  right 
on  the  spot. 

There  has  been  some  hope  that  more 


A.A.  ON  THE  AIR 

American  Agriculturist  is  on  the  air 
each  day  except  Sunday  over  the  fol¬ 
lowing  stations.  Plan  to  tune  in  to  the 
station  nearest  you. 

WHCU,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  at  870  on  your 
dial,  6:59  A.  M.  daily  except 

Sunday. 

WHAM,  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  at  1180  on  your 
dial,  6:45  A.  M.,  daily  except 

Sunday. 

WBTA,  Batavia,  N.  Y.,  at  1490  on  your 
dial,  8:20  A.  M.,  and  12:05  P.  M., 
daily  except  Sunday. 

WKNE,  Keene,  N.  H.,  at  1290  on  your 

dial,  6:50  A.  M.,  daily  except 

Sunday. 

WTRY,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  at  980  on  your  dial, 
6:30  A.  M.,  daily  except  Sunday. 
WDEV,  Waterbury,  Vt.,  at  550  on  your 
dial,  30:00  A.  M.,  1:00  P.  M.,  and 
4:15  P.  M.,  daily  except  Sunday. 
WWSR,  St.  Albans,  Vt.,  at  1420  on  your 
dial,  7:15  A.  M.,  1:05  P.  M.,  and 
4:59  P.  M.  daily  except  Sunday. 


materials  for  new  farm  machinery 
may  be  allotted  than  was  originally 
planned,  but  anyway  there  would  be 
even  greater  need  this  year  for  over¬ 
hauling  and  repairing  the  old  machines. 

— a.  a. — 

CEILINGS 

In  the  October  24  issue  we  mention¬ 
ed  that  temporary  price  ceilings  had 
been  put  on  most  food  items.  Instead 
of  expiring  December  5,  these  tempor¬ 
ary  60-day  orders  will  expire  Decem¬ 
ber  3.  They  do  not  apply  to  sales  to 
consumers  by  a  farmer  of  products 
produced  on  the  farm  unless  such  sales 
total  over  $75  a  month. 

POTATOES-ONIONS 

Growers  who  have  onions  or  pota¬ 
toes  have  been  concerned  over  price 
ceilings  on  those  products.  They  will 
welcome  word  that  ceilings  on  these 
■will  be  raised  as  the  storage  season 
progresses.  There  are  two  reasons. 
The  first  is  to  cover  storage  costs,  and, 
second,  price  ceilings  will  be  raised 
more  in  some  areas  than  others,  a 
situation  which  will  benefit  the  North¬ 
east. 

One  argument  advanced  against  uni¬ 
form  country-wide  price  ceilings  on 
perishable  foods  has  been  that  produc¬ 
tion  costs  are  higher  in  some  areas 
than  in  others  and  that  such  price 
ceilings  would  make  no  allowance  for 
transportation  costs  to  market. 

—  A.  A. — 

FERTILIZER  SUPPLIES 

( Continued  from  Page  11) 

of  the  government  and  the  fertilizer 
industry  will  result  in  reserving  con¬ 
siderable  quantities  of  nitrate  of  soda 
for  direct  application.  In  certain 
areas  some  sulphate  of  ammonia  will 
be  available  for  direct  use.  No  fruit 
growers  should  ask  for  nitrogen  in  the 
spring  of  1943  unless  they  need  it.  If 
they  had  plenty  of  it  in  the  preceding 
years,  and  have  been  growing  legumes 
or  using  manure  in  their  orchards  per¬ 
haps  they  don’t  need  it  for  one  year. 

PRICE-WISE,  the  most  signifi¬ 
cant  factor  cm 
nitrogen  materials,  is  that  nitrate  of 
soda  is  reaching  the  farmer  at  about 
40%  of  its  price  of  25  years  ago,  and 
the  same  is  true  of  sulphate  of  am¬ 
monia.  On  potash  the  contrast  is  even 
greater.  It  will  be  remembered  that 
America  was  virtually  without  potash 
in  the  first  World  War,  and  the  price 
of  the  small  inventories  available  reach¬ 
ed  a  fantastic  high  of  over  $400  a  ton. 
Today,  America’s  self-sufficiency  on 
potash  enables  farmers  to  obtain  the 
material  at  about  10%  of  the  World 
War  figure. 


(632)  IS 


American  Agriculturist,  November  21,  1942 


«T)  EASON  enough  for  thanks- 
p-lT  giving”  .  .  .  yes,  in  spite  of 
JL  the  fact  that  we  are  at  war, 
we  Americans  will  sit  down 
to  dinner  on  Thanksgiving  Day  in  a 
mood  of  special  gratitude  —  gratitude 
for  a  bountiful  harvest  in  a  world 
where  food  has  become  a  munition  of 
war,  and  gratitude  for  all  of  the  things 
that  these  United  States  stand  for. 

Our  Thanksgiving  menu  this  year 
follows  the  traditional  pattern  —  tur¬ 
key  and  all  the  fixin’s.  Fortunately, 
turkey  and  the  rest  of  the  poultry 
family  are  not  included  in  the  list  of 
scarce  meats,  so  we  can  enjoy  our 
Thanksgiving  dinner  without  feeling 
guilty.  If  you  want  to  add  novel  little 
touches  to  the  following  menu,  you  can 
do  so  by  varying  the  stuffing  for  the 
fowl,  the  salad,  the  appetizer  and  oth¬ 
er  accessories: 

tomato  Juice 

Turkey  stuffing  Giblet  Gravy 
Cranberry  Sauce  Pickles 

Brussels  Sprouts  Creamed  Onions 

MASHED  POTATOES 

Cauliflower  Salad 
Rolls  or  Bread  Butter 

Pumpkin  or  Apple  Pie 
Salted  Nuts  coffee  or  milk 

Tomato  juice  becomes  more  festive 
if  finely  chopped  parsley  is  sprinkled 
in  each  glass  just  before  serving,  and 
you  can  give  it  extra  zip  by  adding  a 
little  grated  horseradish,  lemon  juice 
and  pepper. 

Now  for  the  main  dish,  the  turkey 
itself: 

Roast  Turkey- 

Select  a  young  bird  with  a  well- 
fleshed  breast,  well-rounded  body  and  a 
flexible  breastbone,  soft  and  pliable  feet 
with  skin  on  the  feet  smooth  and 
bright.  Allow  %  to  one  pound  of  turkey 
(undrawn  weight,  head  and  feet  on) 
per  person  to  be  served. 

If  dressing  the  bird  at  home,  do  all 
the  cleaning  on  the  outside  of  the  bird 
before  drawing  it.  Where  bird  is  pur¬ 
chased,  dressed  and  drawn,  this  is  not 
possible.  Anyway  do  not  allow  water 
used  for  cleaning  the  outside  of  the 
bird  to  enter  the  cavity.  Be  careful 
not  to  break  the  outside  skin  while 
handling. 

After  singeing  the  bird,  remove  pin¬ 
feathers  and  scrub.  (Never  soak  poul¬ 
try.)  A  soft  brush  with  dry  corn  meal 
or  salt  may  be  used,  also  soap  or  soda; 
if  the  latter  are  used,  extreme  care  in 
rinsing  should  be  observed.  Cut  away 


All  ready  for  father’s 
carving-  knife!  To  make 
it  even  more  attractive 
to  the  eye,  this  beauti¬ 
fully  browned  turkey  is 
surrounded  with  a  garn¬ 
ish  of  parsley  and  little 
turkey  cut-outs  of  cran¬ 
berry  sauce. 


the  oil  sack  at  the  back  and  wipe  out 
the  cavity  with  a  damp  cloth. 

It  facilitates  matters  if  the  bird  is 
stuffed  a  day  or  two  before  roasting, 
but  it  must  be  kept  cold.  If  some  of 
the  family  do  not  like  onions  or  sage,  it 
is  a  good  plan  to  remove  part  of  the 
stuffing  from  the  mixing  bowl  before 
adding  all  seasonings;  then  stuff  the 
neck  with  one  kind  and  the  body  cavity 
with  another. 

The  bird  may  be  trussed,  or  simply 
tie  the  thigh  bones  together  and  fold 
the  wings  back  to  form  a  triangle. 
The  cavity  may  be  sewed  up  or  have  a 
slice  of  bread  inserted  to  prevent  the 
stuffing  from  oozing  out.  The  inside 
cavity  should  be  rubbed  with  about 
IV2  teaspoons  of  salt  before  stuffing. 
Salt  on  the  outside  penetrates  but 
slightly;  flavor  there  has  to  come 
mainly  from  the  stuffing  inside. 

Weigh  the  bird  when  ready  for  the 
pan  and  allow  20  to  25  minutes  per 
pound  for  a  small  (6  to  10  pound) 
bird;  18  to  20  minutes  per  pound  for  a 
medium  (10  to  16  pound)  bird;  15  to 
18  minutes  per  pound  for  a  large  (18 
to  25  pound)  bird.  Low  to  moderate 
temperatures  from  300  to  350°  F.  are 
the  rule.  If  a  meat  thermometer  is 
used  it  should  be  placed  in  the  thigh 


THANKSGIVING 

By  Anne  Murry  Movius. 

Brown  is  the  earth, 
Stripped  of  its  yield; 

Heavy  the  sheaves 
On  each  weary  field. 

Red  is  the  maple, 

The  oak  is  burning; 

Now  the  year 
Is  at  its  turning. 

Grain  in  the  bins, 
O’erflowing  with  gold; 

Here  is  wealth 
And  peace  untold. 

Look  away  from  the  world 
In  gratitude 

And  humble  thankfulness 
For  food. 


When  the  cooking  period  is  about  half 
over,  turn  the  turkey  over  (back 
down).  A  test  for  doneness  is  to  stick 
a  fork  into  the  body  just  in  the  front 
of  the  thigh;  the  juice  should  be  clear 
and  not  red. 

Turkey  Stuffing 

Allow  one  cup  dressing  per  pound 
of  bird  used.  Use  whatever  kind  of 
bread  you  prefer  —  white,  whole  wheat, 
raisin  or  nut.  Stale  bread  about  two 
days  old  with  crusts  removed  and  cut 
into  one-half  to  one  inch  cubes  is  pref¬ 
erable.  If  the  bread  is  broken  it  should 
be  broken  into  uniform  pieces  after 
cutting  the  loaf  into  slices.  Cornbread, 
biscuits  or  muffins  should  be  crumbled 
into  fairly  uniform  small  pieces. 

STANDARD  DRESSING 
(for  a  12  to  16  pound  bird) 

H4  pound  loaf  bread  I  teaspoon  salt 

(stale)  'A  teaspoon  white  pepper 

1/2  to  I  pound  butter  'A  cup  minced  onion 

Remove  crusts,  cut  bread  into  y2  to 
one-inch  cubes  and  drop  into  a  large 
mixing  bowl.  Cut  butter  into  dice, 
about  %  inch.  Toss  all  ingredients  to¬ 
gether,  using  two  forks  or  hands. 
Heating  the  onion  in  two  tablespoons  of 
the  butter  brings  out  the  flavor. 

V ariations : 

1.  For  each  quart  of  dressing  add  % 
teaspoon  of  any  herb  seasoning  liked, 
sage,  thyme,  poultry  seasoning,  etc. 

2.  Add  two  cups  finely  chopped  cel¬ 
ery,  raw  or  partially  cooked. 

3.  Add  one  pound  chestnuts.  To 
prepare  chestnuts,  place  in  cold  water 
to  cover,  bring  to  boil  and  boil  gently 
for  5  minutes.  Drain,  peel  and  skin. 
If  still  not  tender  enough,  drop  in  sim¬ 
mering  salted  water  and  simmer  until 
tender;  chop  coarsely. 

4.  Add  one  can  Chinese  water  chest¬ 
nuts.  Drain  and  chop  coarsely. 


ed  lightly,  or  parboiled  in  water  for 
about  10  minutes. 

Any  of  these  stuffings  would  be 
equally  good  for  chicken. 

The  Vegetables 

Time  the  cooking  of  the  vegetables 
so  that  they  do  not  have  to  stand  and 
lose  precious  vitamins  and  color  before 
serving. 

The  Brussels  sprouts  may  be  served 
with  melted  butter  or  sprinkled  with 
bread  crumbs  browned  in  butter.  White 
sauce  to  be  used  for  the  creamed 
onions  could  be  made  the  day  before. 
A  sprinkle  of  paprika  relieves  the 
whiteness  of  this  dish. 

CAULIFLOWER  SALAD 
I  cup  finely  diced  raw  I  cup  diced  celery 

cauliflower  (use  some  green 

I  cup  ground  carrots  leaves) 

(medium  knife  food-  %  cup  French  dresslM 

grinder) 

Serve  on  lettuce  leaves.  Add  French 
dressing  just  before  serving. 

Pumpkin  Pie 

2  cups  cooked  and  sifted  2  eggs,  beaten  IMiM 

pumpkin  %  cup  sugar 

I  cup  milk  2  tablespoons  molasses 

'/2  cup  cream  '/2  teaspoon  salt 

I  tablespoon  ginger 

Mix  all  the  ingredients  together  and 
turn  into  a  deep  plate  lined  and  finish¬ 
ed  with  a  fluted  edge.  Bake  at  450°  F. 
for  10  minutes;  reduce  temperature  to 
350°  F.  and  cook  until  the  center  is 
firm,  about  40  minutes. 

Variations:  , 

1.  You  can  “chiffon”  this  pie  by  sep¬ 
arating  the  eggs  and  folding  in  the 
stiffly  beaten  whites  after  all  other  in¬ 
gredients  are  mixed. 

2.  Omit  the  spices  altogether  or  use 
any  preferred  combination  of  them. 
1  teaspoon  cinnamon,  y2  teaspoon  all¬ 
spice  and  1  teaspoon  ginger  combine 
to  please  most  tastes. 


muscle  and  when  it  registers  185°  the 
turkey  is  done. 

Place  the  well-greased  turkey,  breast 
down,  on  a  rack  in  the  uncovered  pan; 
brush  the  surface  at  every  one-half  to 
one  hour  during  the  cooking.  The  high 
breast  bone  tips  the  bird  to  one  side; 
after  about  one  hour  of  cooking  tip 
slightly  to  the  other  side  (back  re¬ 
maining  up)  to  allow  juices  to  pene¬ 
trate  evenly.  It  eliminates  basting 
and  improves  the  muscle  quality  if  the 
bird  is  covered  with  a  clean  white  cloth 
dipped  in  melted  fat.  If  the  cloth  be¬ 
comes  dry  during  cooking,  dip  it  into 
pan  fat.  If  a  one-year-old  turkey  or 
older  is  used,  it  needs  the  pan  covered 
during  a  part  of  the  cooking  period; 
remove  the  cover  towards  the  end  of 
the  cooking  in  order  to  crisp  the  skin. 


5.  Add  two  cups  nutmeats,  almonds, 
hazel  or  hickory  nuts,  pecans  or  black 
walnuts.  Toasting  or  browning  nuts 
slowly  in  two  tablespoons  of  butter 
adds  a  superior  flavor. 

6.  Add  *4  to  y2  pound  mushrooms. 
Peel,  chop  and  cook  mushrooms  slowly 
in  %  cup  of  the  butter  about  5  min¬ 
utes. 

7.  Add  1  cup  or  more  of  coarsely 
chopped  olives,  green,  ripe  or  stuffed. 

8.  Add  more  onion,  2  to  3  cups  chop¬ 
ped  onions  chopped  in  4  cups  boiling 
salted  water.  Drain  thoroughly. 

9.  Add  one  pound  or  more  of  drain¬ 
ed  oysters,  raw  or  pre-heated  in  two 
tablespoons  of  the  butter.  Chop  or 
leave  whole  if  small. 

10.  Add  y2  to  1  pound  sausage 
broken  into  small  chunks  and  brown¬ 


THANKSGIVING 

jbuunesi 

By  Mrs.  Grace  Watkins  Huckett 


To  have  food  enough  and  a  place  to  dwell, 

To  have  work  to  do  and  to  do  it  well: 

To  find  the  comfort  when  things  go  wrong 
In  a  bit  of  prayer  or  a  snatch  of  song; 

To  know  the  pleasure  a  kind  act  brings; 

To  see  the  beauty  in  simple  things; 

To  know  good  books  and  share  their  worth; 

To  plant  bright  flowers  in  brown  earth; 

To  have  true  friends  .  .  .  this  is  living, 

And  reason  enough  for  thanksgiving. 

-Edith  Shaw  Butler. 


American  Agriculturist,  November  21,  1942 


19  (  633) 


Keep,  Gala'll  fyluina 


No.  3394.  Choose  a  nice  fresh  cotton  print 
and  make  this  pretty  house  dress  as  easi¬ 
ly  as  ABC.  Sizes  16  to  50.  Size  36, 
only  3^4  yards  35-inch  fabric  with  %  yard 
contrasting  and  3%  yards  bright  ric  rac. 
No.  2564.  You’ll  always  be  glad  you  made 
this  frock;  a  front-buttoned  shirtwaist 
style  that  suits  so  many  occasions  and 
becomes  all  figures.  Sizes  16  to  50.  Size 
36,  4 y2  yards  39-inch  fabric. 

No.  2624.  Is  someone  new  joining  your 
family?  Here’s  a  pattern  for  a  complete 
and  completely  modern,  comfortable  out¬ 
fit  that  will  provide  a  proper  welcome. 
This  layette  comes  in  one  size.  See  pat¬ 
tern  for  fabric  requirements. 

No.  3113.  Make  it  of  wool,  make  it  of 
crepe,  it’s  still  a  grand,  young-looking 
dress;  just  as  successful  as  a  date  dress 
as  it  is  in  your  day-by-day  life.  Sizes 
11  to  19  (29  to  37).  Size  15,  3^4  yards  39- 
inch  fabric.  Applique  included  in  pattern. 

No.  2002.  A  sailor  boy  doll  pattern  that 
would  delight  any  child  to  find  under  the 
Christmas  tree.  Pattern  comes  in  one 


size  (16  inches) ;  the  body  requires  %  yard 
35-inch  fabric ;  the  suit,  %  yard. 

No.  2697.  Gallant  soldier  boy  doll — one 
size  (16  inches).  Body  requires  y2  yard 
35-inch  fabric;  suit  and  hat  %  yard. 

No.  3259.  Make  that  little  girl  happy  by 
giving  her  a  set  of  doll  clothes  for  her 
favorite  dolly.  You  probably  have  small 
pieces  enough  already  in  the  house  to 
make  the  entire  wardrobe.  In  sizes  for 
14-inch  doll,  16-inch  doll,  18-inch  doll  and 
20-inch  doll.  See  pattern  for  fabric  re¬ 
quirements. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address  and 
pattern  numbers  clearly  and  enclose  15c 
in  coins  or  stamps  for  each  pattern  want¬ 
ed.  Address  Pattern  Department,  Am¬ 
erican  Agriculturist,  10  North  Cherry 
Street,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

Our  new  Fall  and  Winter  Fashion  Book 
has  25  excellent  Christmas  gift  sugges¬ 
tions  and  150  pattern  designs,  illustrated 
in  color.  Price  of  book  alone,  12c ;  or 
send  25c  for  a  Fashion  Book  AND  a  pat¬ 
tern  of  your  own  choosing. 


IIIIIIIIIIII1IIIIIIIIIII1IIIII1IIM 


GROWING  VP  IN  THE 
HORSE  AND  RVGGY  DAYS 

—  True  Stories  By  Our  Readers  — 


THE  BLIZZARD  OF  1888 

By  MRS.  JAMES  ATHERTON, 
Winchester,  N.  H. 

( Number  Nine ) 

WHAT  is  memory?  We  treasure 
it  more  and  more  as  we  grow 
older  and  find  that  it  recalls  happen¬ 
ings  of  importance  and  interest,  happi¬ 
ness  and  sorrow.  In  my  case,  memory 
recalls  over  half  a  century,  back  to  the 
horse  and  buggy  days. 

Many  people  are  apt  to  forget  that 
oxen  also  were  used  in  those  days — 
great,  good-natured  animals,  strong, 
dependable,  and  with  unusual  endur¬ 
ance.  Their  worth  was  proved  at  the 
time  of  the  blizzard  of  1888  when  roads 
were  blocked  with  snow  from  3  feet  to 
10  feet  deep. 

Our  farm  was  a  half  mile  from  the 
main  road,  so  it  was  no  easy  job  to 
get  to  the  main  thoroughfare.  I  can 
remember,  as  though  it  were  yester¬ 
day,  six  pair  of  oxen  hitched  to  a  sled 
with  field  plows  fastened  to  each  bunk, 
breaking  the  road  across  the  covered 
field.  Their  patience  and  ability  to 


“wallow”  in  deep  snow  was  way  ahead 
of  horses. 

That  memorable  storm  of  1888  was 
heralded  by  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
March  days  one  could  expect.  Snow 
had  melted  until  sleigh  runners  scrap¬ 
ed  on  the  bare  ground.  Bluebirds  sang 
from  secluded  places.  The  icicles 
which  had  hung  from  the  eaves  melt¬ 
ed  and  dripped  on  the  snow.  The 
young  folks  said,  “Spring  has  come”, 
but  the  old  folks  shook  their  heads  and 
said,  “  ’Tis  a  weather  breeder.” 

There  was  no  radio  to  give  a  daily 
weather  report;  neither  was  there  a 
delivery  of  papers  or  an  RFD.  People 
were  their  own  weather  prophets  by 
necessity. 

Though  the  Sabbath  dawned  with  a 
brilliant  Qrimson  in  the  East,  a  chill  was 
in  the  air  which  even  the  young  folks 
knew  “meant  storm.”  By  ten  o’clock 
the  snow  began  to  fall,  leisurely  but 
very  persistently.  By  afternoon  it  was 
much  steadier,  and  as  night  came  on 
the  wind  began  to  blow.  ( 

Father  brought  the  shovels  into  the 
back  kitchen  and  dubiously  shook  his 


head  as  to  any  let-up  in  the  storm. 
By  midnight  the  wind  was  a  gale,  and 
as  we  took  turns  sitting  up  to  keep  the 
fires  burning  we  realized  it  had  in¬ 
creased  in  intensity. 

The  dawn  brought  little  change.  The 
snow  was  piled  high  against  the  win¬ 
dows  and  it  was  only  after  much  hard 
work  and  the  use  of  a  clothesline  tied 
to  the  house  that  the  men  reached  the 
bams  to  care  for  the  stock.  There  was 
no  running  water  in  the  mangers  as 
there  is  today,  and  the  animals  could 
not  get  to  the  tub  in  the  yard.  Feed 
was  all  they  had. 

The  day  wore  on;  the  second  night 
saw  no  let-up.  The  snow  was  over  the 
first  story  windows,  and  the  night  of 
watching  fires  (and,  in  many  cases, 
sickness  with  no  doctor  available) 
seemed  like  a  lifetime.  Tuesday, 
March  13,  the  third  day  of  the  storm, 
dawned.  There  was  no  possibility  of 
attempting  to  get  to  the  barn.  Cattle 
bellowed  for  care  and  many  a  family 
was  without  food  and  even  wood  for 
fires.  Another  night  started  with  all  of 
us  silent  and  with  drawn  faces. 

Wednesday  morning  broke  clear,  and 
the  sun  rising  over  the  eastern  hills 
gave  us  a  white  world,  beautiful  to 
look  upon  from  our  upstairs  windows. 

Now  the  men  went  to  work.  Neigh¬ 
bors  helped  each  other  and  the  oxen 
proved  their  worth.  “Shovel”  wgs  the 
one  word  used  and  the  one  job  to  be 
done.  It  was  two  weeks  before  we 
again  heard  a  bluebird  and  much  long¬ 
er  before  we  went  to  town  without  a 
shovel  in  the  sleigh  to  make  a  “turn¬ 
out”  if  necessary.  Yes,  this  is  memory, 
for  the  blizzard  of  1888  is  past  history, 
yet  it  all  comes  back  to  me  as  though 
it  were  yesterday. 


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■  Name 

1 

1  Street 

! 

|  C'i.hy 

1 

Jo  Relieve 
Misery 


CHI666 

^ LIQUID. TABLETS. SALVE. NOSE  0ROPS 


HERE’S  THE  WA  Y  TO 
START  THE  DAY— 


R-I-G-H-T  ! 


“MUSICAL  REVEILLE” 


A  grand  show  !  Don’t  miss  it !  Music ! 
News!  Fun!  Swap  Shop!  Information! 

A  full  hour  of  grand  entertainment,  including 
two  ten-minute  newscasts.  Music  and  fun  provid¬ 
ed  by  Jack  Deal,  Central  New  York’s  favorite 
radio  performer  and  Novachord  artist;  Bob 
Short,  M.  C. ;  the  Studio  Orchestra;  guest  artists 
including  Ira  Williams,  baritone;  Jane  and  Carl, 
the  “Sunshine  Pals”,  and  many  others. 

7:00 -  8:00 A .  M., Monday  thru  Friday 

sponsored  by 

G.  L.  F.  -  ALLIS  -  CHALMERS  -  PORTLAND  CEMENT  ASSN. 
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870 

Kilocycles 


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COLUMBIA  BROADCASTING  SYSTEM 


ITHACA 
New  York 


(634  )  20 


American  Agriculturist,  November  21,  1942 


THE  FARMER 

IS  NO 


CLOCK  WATCHER... 


The  BELL  RINGS  ...  the  factory  whistle  blows  .  .  .  and  other 
workers  put  down  their  tools  and  go  home  to  supper.  Like  as  not 
they’ll  find  a  glass  of  cool  delicious  milk  on  the  table  .  .  .  milk  to 
refresh  their  thirst,  help  keep  them  healthy,  fight  fatigue  and  colds, 
and  give  them  precious  vitamins  and  minerals. 

Only  the  farmer  knows  the  work  behind  that  glass  of  milk  on  the 
supper  table.  No  whistles  blow  for  him.  He  works  from  sun-up  to 
sundown  or  till  his  work  is  done  .  .  .  harder  than  ever  now,  with  the 
nation  calling  for  more  food,  more  production  .  .  .  and  fewer  hands 
on  every  farm  to  do  the  work. 

Farm  families,  working  harder,  need  the  refreshing,  health-building 
benefits  of  milk,  too!  So  now  especially,  be  sure  all  the  milk  doesn’t 
go  to  the  city.  Keep  enough  on  the  farm  to  be  sure  every  member 
of  the  family  gets  his  share  .  .  .  health  authorities  say:  a  pint  for 
every  adult,  a  quart  for  every  child ! 

THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK  SAYS 

SATISFY  THIRST... FORTIFY  HEALTH... 

.  DRINK  MILK  ! 


Vitamins  for  “aliveness”  Vitamin  “A”  for  cold  resistance 

Minerals  for  well-being  Calcium  for  clear  complexion 

Helpful  for  reducing  diets  Nature’s  cheapest  complete  food 
Alkaline  reaction  for  fatigue  Perfect  for  the  whole  family 

THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK 


■■  Victory  Meal  Planner  .  .  .  complete  with  menus,  recipes, 

m  \  ■■  meal-planning  chart,  calorie  chart,  reducing  diet! 

Send  name  and  address  to: 

BUREAU  OF  MILK  PUBLICITY,  ALBANY,  N.  Y. 

Name  . 

Street  . 

City .  State . 


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PHILADELPHIAN 

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PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
it  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 


^  Famous  to  Relieve  ‘PERIODIC’"^ 

FEMALE 
PAIN 

And  Help  Build  Up  Resistance  Against  It! 

If  at  such  times  you  suffer  pain,  tired, 
nervous  feelings,  distress  of  “irregu¬ 
larities” — due  to  functional  monthly 
disturbances— start  at  once — try  Lydia 
E.  Pinkham’s  Vegetable  Compound — 
so  helpful  to  relieve  such  distress  be¬ 
cause  of  its  soothing  effect  on  one 
of  woman’s  most  important  organs. 

Taken  regularly  —  Pinkham’s  helps 
build  up  resistance  against  such 
symptoms.  Also  a  fine  stomachic 
tonic!  Follow  label  directions. 

For  free  trial  bottle  tear  this  out 
and  send  with  name  and  address  to 
the  Lydia  E.  Pinkham  Medicine  Co., 
668  Cleveland  St.,  Lynn,  Mass. 


For  Quick  Cough 
Relief,  Mix  This 
Syrup,  at  Home 

No  Cooking.  No  Worik.  Real  Saving. 

Here’s  an  old  home  mixture  your 
mother  probably  used,  but,  for  real  re¬ 
sults,  it  is  still  one  of  the  most  effective 
and  dependable  for  coughs  due  to  colds. 
Once  tried,  you’ll  swear  by  it. 

It’s  no  trouble.  Make  a  syrup  by  stir¬ 
ring  2  cups  granulated  sugar  and  one  cup 
water  for  a  few  moments,  until  dissolved. 
No  cooking  needed — it’s  so  easy !  Or  you 
can  use  corn  syrup  or  liquid  honey, 
instead  of  sugar  syrup. 

Now  put  2%  ounces  of  Pinex  into  a 
pint  bottle,  and  add  your  syrup.  This 
makes  a  full  pint  of  truly  splendid  cough 
medicine,  and  gives  you  about  four  times 
as  much  for  your  money.  It  keeps  per¬ 
fectly  and  tastes  fine. 

And  you’ll  say  it’s  really  amazing  for 
quick  action.  You  can  feel  it  take  hold 
promptly.  It  loosens  the  phlegm,  soothes 
the  irritated  membranes,  and  helps  clear 
the  air  passages.  Thus  it  makes  breathing 
easy  and  lets  you  get  restful  sleep. 

Pinex  is  a  special  compound  of  proven 
ingredients,  in  concentrated  form,  well- 
known  for  its  prompt  action  on  throat 
and  bronchial  membranes.  Money  re¬ 
funded  if  not  pleased  in  every  way. 


CHRISTMAS  CARDS:  10  2B5T%1 

PARVINGTON,  AI329  Culver,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


HILLSIDE  FARM  HAPPENINGS 

( Continued  from  Page  12) 


Of  course  our  garden  has  grown  peas 
for  a  great  deal  longer  than  I  can  re¬ 
member  and  the  whole  area  is  hopeless¬ 
ly  infected.  I  have  already  selected  a 
spot  across  the  road  for  next  spring. 
It  will  be  a  bit  of  this  year’s  com  field 
which  was  an  old  alfalfa  sod. 

I  believe  the  books  suggest  that  al¬ 
falfa  may  be  a  host-plant  for  the  root- 
rot  of  peas  but  even  so  I  am  going  to 
take  a  chance. 

I  am  equally  sure  that  we  must  get 
out  of  the  garden  with  cucumbers  and 
melons.  Both  of  these  have  a  fairly 
long  list  of  related  disease  troubles  but 
with  us  I  believe  mosaic  is  the  main 
difficulty.  I  know  that  years  ago  we 
used  to  grow  cucumbers  with  great 
ease.  A  row  something  more  than  a 
hundred  feet  long  gave  us  all  we  could 
make  any  use  of,  and  when  frost  came 
the  ground  would  be  littered  with  big, 
fat,  yellow  cucumbers  a  foot  long. 
Now  twice  this  area  gives  us  only  a 
scanty  supply.  Melons  behave  just  like 
the  cukes — perhaps  even  worse.  I  am 
pretty  sure  that  our  trouble  is  mosaic 
because  the  books  say  that  water¬ 
melons  are  immune  to  this  disease. 
We  have  in  a  way  proved  this  because 
a  few  hills  of  water-melons  right  be¬ 
side  the  “lopes”  spread  themselves  like 
healthy  squash  vines  and  gave  no  in¬ 
dication  of  disease. 

Then  there  are  the  tomatoes.  For 
some  years  past  we  have  had  an  oc¬ 
casional  tomato  plant  that  made  a  fine 
exhibition  of  mosaic.  This  year,  we 
had  very  few  tomato  plants  that  did 
not  develop  mosaic  and  so  for  the  first 
time  we  had  only  a  scanty  supply  of 
this  fruit  which  ordinarily  we  have  in 
amounts  beyond  what  we  can  make 
any  use  of.  Moreover,  I  believe  that 
every  pepper  plant  on  the  place  had 
mosaic,  although  I  do  not  find  it  listed 
among  the  diseases  of  peppers.  Ordi¬ 
narily  I  have  thought  of  summer  squash 
as  one  of  the  easiest  possible  vege¬ 
tables  to  grow,  taking  care  of  itself 
as  against  all  comers.  I  believe  that 
this  year  even  our  summer  squash  had 
mosaic. 

Not  very  much  seems  to  be  known 
regarding  this  obscure  but  very  real 
trouble.  The  plant  pathologists  believe 
that  it  winters  over  in  various  host- 
plants  and  then  is  carried  to  other 
plants  by  insects  such  as  flea-beetles. 
In  any  case  it  seems  clear  that  cukes, 
melons,  tomatoes  and  peppers  will  go  to 
the  corn  field  along  with  the  peas.  I 
am  eager  for  next  spring  so  I  can  test 
out  what  moving  will  do  for  us. 

I  think  the  high  spot  in  our  garden 
operations  is  our  celery.  We  used  the 
variety  Utah  or  Salt  Lake,  started  in 
a  window  box  last  February.  The 


plants  were  set  on  the  surface  seven 
inches  apart  in  the  row  and  when  I  say 
seven  inches  I  mean  exactly  that  be¬ 
cause  we  used  a  notched  board  as  a 
guide  in  setting.  The  rows  were  two 
feet  apart.  As  soon  as  they  were 
established  the  plants  were  mulched 
with  brooder-house  litter  and  a  little 
later  an  additional  mulch  of  spoiled 
alfalfa  silage  available  when  the  grass 
silage  was  opened  up  for  summer  feed¬ 
ing.  Later  still  we  mulched  with  sev¬ 
eral  inches  of  spoiled  alfalfa  hay  and 
when  many  of  the  tops  were  meeting 
across  the  rows  we  set  up  boards  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  accepted  practice.  I 
never  before  knew  how  big  celery  can 
be  grown  on  upland  clay  loam.  How¬ 
ever,  I  have  long  insisted  that  upland 
celery  is  crisper  and  better  flavored 
with  less  coarse  fiber  than  when  grown 
on  black  muck. 

Just  a  word  as  to  the  berry  situation. 
Ordinarily  we  grow  red  raspberries 
with  great  ease  and  the  plantings  en¬ 
dure  almost  indefinitely,  meaning  there¬ 
by  for  a  generation  or  two.  A  red 
raspberry  is  as  eternal  as  a  lilac  bush. 
A  few  years  ago,  when  the  variety  In¬ 
dian  Summer  was  getting  so  much 
publicity,  we  set  a  row  of  it  which  has 
always  been  a  disappointment.  With 
us  its  claim  to  autumnal  bearing  is  a 
delusion  and  a  snare.  It  would  produce 
a  lot  of  October  berries  if  only  our 
season  were  two  or  three  weeks  longer. 
This  year  I  really  expected  that  we 
would  have  quite  a  crop.  As  it  was  we 
got  just  a  few.  I  don’t  mean  a  picking 
— I  mean  a  few  dozen. 

Black  raspberries  (black  caps)  do 
well  for  two  or  three  years  and  after 
that  disease  gets  them.  We  have  never 
had  any  success  with  the  black  berry 
— sometimes  distinguished  as  “long” 
black  berries.  It  does  not  seem  to  be  a 
case  of  disease  but  just  lack  of  vigor 
and  failure  to  produce  a  reasonable 
number  of  new  canes.  In  a  word,  the 
plantation  never  thickens  up.  I  won¬ 
der  if  any  one  will  tell  me  of  a  variety 
that  will  have  vigor  enough  to  repro¬ 
duce  itself. 

It  would  be  perfectly  easy  to  go  on 
gossiping  concerning  garden  affairs  but 
this  screed  is  already  much  too  long. 
“Hope  springs  eternal  in  the  human 
breast”,  and  unless  I  meanwhile  wither 
into  joyless  old  age, — why  then —  next 
spring  when  the  first  robin  comes  back 
and  the  last  snow  banks  lie  against  the 
north  side  of  the  hills  and  the  sap  be¬ 
gins  to  run  in  the  maples  and  the  first 
faint  suspicion  of  green  comes  on  the 
permanent  pasture  behind  the  barn — 
then  I  shall  go  forth  again  to  start  the 
electric  hot-bed  with  something  of  a 
boys  enthusiasm. 


A  labor-saver  on  the  farm  of  Clifford  Castner  of  Penn  Yan,  New  York.  To  the 
bean  puller,  Mr.  Castner  has  attached  a  dumping  device  made  from  an  old  dump 
rake.  He  states  that  by  pulling  the  beans  together  in  this  way,  the  time  of  one 

or  two  men  in  the  field  is  saved. 


American  Agriculturist,  November  21,  1942 


21  (635) 


Goss  Gives  National 
'  Grange  Stern  Facts 


AMERICAN  farmers  will  do  their 
full  part  in  the  greatest  task  ever 
undertaken,  that  of  winning  the  war, 
Albert  S.  Goss,  National  Master,  told 
the  7th  annual  meeting  of  the  Nation¬ 
al  Grange  at  Wenatchee,  Washington. 

Without  mincing  words,  Mr.  Goss 
said  that  things  are  not  all  right  with 
the  farmers,  but  that  they  placed  the 
nation’s  cause  first.  Warning  that  food 
would  become  increasingly  important 
to  achieve  victory,  he  urged  that  it  was 
only  common  sense  and  good  business 
to  give  farmers  the  means  to  produce 
to  the  limit  of  their  ability. 

“The  farmer’s  particular  responsi¬ 
bility  is  to  produce  the  food  and  fiber 
necessary  to  win  the  war”,  he  said. 
“This  he  has  done,  and  this  he  will  con¬ 
tinue  to  do  to  the  extent  of  his  ability. 
For  years,  due  to  lack  of  a  sound  mar¬ 
keting  system,  farmers  suffered  from 
the  effects  of  surplus  production.  Yet 
when  war  came  and  they  were  asked 
to  increase  production  they  did  not 
hesitate,  they  did  not  quibble  over 
prices,  hours  of  labor,  overtime,  or 
guarantees  on  investment. 

“They  went  to  work  and  produced 
the  two  largest  crops  in  history.  They 
met  and  exceeded  almost  every  goal 
set  for  them.  Unfortunately,  however, 
this  cannot  be  kept  up,  and  unless 
something  is  done  food  production  will 
fall  off  sharply.  We  have  had  surplus 
crops  for  so  long  that  we  seem  to  take 
it  for  granted  that  they  would  continue 
and  no  adequate  safeguards  have  been 
taken  to  give  farmers  the  protection 
necessary  to  obtain  production.” 

PARITY  VERSUS  SUBSIDY 

“Farmers  should  not  ask  more  nor 
agree  to  accept  less  than  actual  par¬ 
ity”,  Mr.  Goss  said,  “but  it  is  essential 
that  a  just  rule  be  provided  for  de¬ 
termining  parity.” 

Subsidies  as  a  substitute  for  fair 
prices  were  opposed  vigorously.  He 
said  they  are  unsound  when  they  are 
j  employed  to  spare  any  segment  of  so¬ 
ciety  from  the  effects  of  war.  “Those 
who  receive  subsidies  do  not  strive  to 
produce  to  the  same  extent  as  those 
whose  income  depends  upon  .their  own 
efforts”,  he  said.  “Subsidies  conceal 
costs  and  delay  or  defeat  efforts  to  cor¬ 
rect  excessive  expenditures.” 

Price  ceilings  only  aggravate  the 
situation,  Goss  said.  “Such  control  has 
been  tried  time  and  again,  yet  'in  all 
world  history  has  never  succeeded  over 
an  extended  period.  It  has  resulted 


The  Amateur  Poet’s 
Corner 


Because  of  the  number  of  contributions 
we  do  not  return  poems  not  published. 
Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist,  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Thanksgiving  in  1942 

Thankful,  Lord 
For  wooded  hills 
With  every  tree  alert; 

For  all  the  bright-eyed  animals 
Who  travel  there,  unhurt. 

Thankful,  Lord, 

For  Autumn  fields 
With  only  harvest  scars; 

Thankful,  too,  for  quiet  skies 
And  night  with  undimmed  stars. 

Grateful,  Lord, 

For  sturdy  homes 
On  hill  and  on  the  range 
Whose  sons  are  giving  battle 
That  this  may  never  change. 

— Mrs.  Alene  Osborn,  Gossville,  N.  H. 


j£.  £.  Sh&jJfWftatt 

in  curtailing  production,  ‘black  mar¬ 
kets’,  and  finally  chaos.  The  surest 
cure  for  inflation  is  ah  abundance  of 
production.  This  can  be  achieved  only 
by  allowing  producers  to  receive  pro¬ 
duction  costs.” 

WARNS  AGAINST  LEWIS 

The  plan  “to  bring  the  strong-arm 
methods  of  the  miners’  union  to  the 
rescue  of  farmers”  was  opposed.  Mr. 
Goss  said  that  at  the  time  the  CIO 
was  attempting  to  organize  dairymen 
it  filed  a  petition  at  the  nation’s  capi¬ 
tal  opposing  any  increase  in  milk 
prices.  He  said  the  CIO  met  the  argu¬ 
ment  that  production  costs  had  increas¬ 
ed  with  the  proposal  that  dairymen 
should  buy  their  feed  cheaper. 

Although  considerable  centralization 
of  authority  is  needed  in  wartime,  Mr. 
Goss  said  this  very  tendency  offers  a 
threat  to  democratic  government.  He 
said  such  delegation  of  authority  should 
be  examined  to  determine  if  it  was 
needed,  that  a  time  limit  should  be 
placed,  and  that  Congress  should  de¬ 
termine  when  the  grant  of  authority 
should  terminate.  A  free  press,  free 
speech  and  the  right  to  criticize,  Goss 
said,  were  essentials  of  a  free  people 
and  the  preservation  of  democracy. 

Reiterating  again  and  again  that 
farmers  wanted  to  do  their  share,  that 
they  asked  no  special  privileges,  the 
Grange  master  said  agriculture  should 
not  ask  for  blanket  deferment  of  farm 
workers,  “but  the  importance  of  pre¬ 
serving  the  food  supply  of  the  nation 
demands  that  the  necessary  labor  sup¬ 
ply  of  this  industry  be  protected 
against  further  inroads.”  He  said  the 
solution  of  the  farm  manpower  prob¬ 
lem  is  a  price  for  farm  crops  which 
will  enable  the  farmer  to  pay  what 
labor  is  worth. 

PRESERVE  SOCIAL  GAINS 

National  Master  Goss  brings  stern 
facts  fully  to  the  surface  when  he  re¬ 
minds  America  that  our  enemies  are 
working  half  their  people  in  war  in¬ 
dustries  and  holding  them  to  60  and 
75-hour  working  weeks,  while  the 
United  States  still,  clings  to  the  40-hour 
week  in  industry,  with  time-and-a-half 
for  overtime — all  in  the  name  of  “pre¬ 
serving  our  social  gains.”  There  is  a 
positive  challenge  in  this  paragraph 
from  Mr.  Goss’  message: 

“Social  gains  come  from  the  production 
and  equitable  distribution  of  wealth,  not 
from  restricting  production  or  making  it 
unnecessarily  costly.  It  is  time  that  we 
face  the  fact  squarely  that  we  cannot  win 
the  war  on  a  40-hour  week,  nor  can  we 
win  it  and  try  to  carry  on  a  social  revo¬ 
lution  at  the  time  time.  Just  as  farmers 
have  increased  their  work  w'eeks  to  80, 
90  and  in  many  cases  over  100  hours,  so 
will  all  of  us  have  to  increase  our  output 
if  we  are  to  win  and  ^the  sooner  we  do  it, 
the  less  costly  in  life  and  treasure  will 
this  terrible  war  be.” 

MAINTAIN  PROPER  BALANCE 

Many  will  applaud  National  Master 
Goss’  warding  against  “the  grave  dan¬ 
ger  of  building  an  army  larger  than 
our  resources  will  be  able  to  support 
and  supply  adequately.”  On  this  point 
the  National  Master  says: 

“It  would  be  far  better  to  have  a  rela¬ 
tively  small  army  fully  mechanized  and 
adequately  trained  and  equipped,  than  a 
large  army  handicapped  by  lack  of  equip¬ 
ment  or  supplies.  Some  of  the  reported 
plans  for  an  army  of  10  or  12  million  men 
seem  to  have  failed  to  take  into  consid¬ 
eration  that  we  must  not  only  furnish 
the  equipment  and  supplies  for  these  men, 
but  that  we  have  also  undertaken  to 


furnish  a  large  portion  of  the  food,  equip¬ 
ment  and  supplies  for  our  allies.” 

—  A.  A. — 

TURKEY  FOR 
THE  SOLDIERS 

Besides  raising  the  largest  and  best 
equipped  Army  in  American  history, 
our  soldiers,  sailors  and  marines  at 
home  and  abroad  are  getting  better 
food  and  more  of  it  than  was  ever  given 
to  any  Army  by  this  country  or  by  any 
other.  If  you  have  a  son  in  service,  he 
will  back  up  this  statement. 

In  this  war,  no  soldier  gets  half- 
spoiled  meat,  weevilly  beans,  or  a  diet 
that  is  deadly  monotonous.  Feast  your 
eyes  on  the  Thanksgiving  menu  be¬ 
low,  made  up  by  the  Quartermaster 
Corps  for  the  boys  in  service.  It  is  call¬ 
ed  a  master  menu.  In  some  cases,  local 
situations  will  require  substitutions; 
but  the  thing  that  will  bring  smiles 
to  the  boys  is  that  each  man  in  ser¬ 
vice  at  home  or  abroad  will  get  at  least 
a  pound  of  good  old  U.  S.  A.  turkey. 

Each  turkey  bought  for  the  Army 
weighed  between  8  and  16  pounds.  No 
turkeys  were  bought  that  had  been  in 
the  freezer  more  than  ten  months. 
Birds  were  individually  wrapped,  and 
turkeys  shipped  abroad  were  dressed 
and  frozen. 

BREAKFAST 

Oranges  Oatmeal 

Fresh  Milk  Scrambled  Eggs 

Bacon  Curls  Toast 

Butter  Coffee 

DINNER 
Fruit  Cup 

Roast  Turkey  Cranberry  Sauce 

Dressing  and  Giblet  Gravy 
Mashed  Potatoes  Corn  Peas 

Tomato  Salad  Assorted  Pickles 

Stuffed  Celery  Bread  Butter 
Apples  Pumpkin  Pie  Grapes 
Candies  Coffee  Nuts 

STJPPER 

Turkey  Soup  •  Cold  Cuts 

Sliced  Cheese  Potato  Salad 

Sandwich  Buns  Butter 

Choc.  Marshmallow  Sundae  Tea 


^  MISERIES  OF  ^ 


Now  .  . .  here’s  wonderful  home- 
proved  medication  that  works 
2  ways  at  once  to  relieve  distress  of 
child’s  cold— even  while  he  sleeps! 

Just  rub  throat,  chest  and 
back  with  Vicks  VapoRub  at  bed¬ 
time.  Instantly  VapoRub  starts 
to  relieve  coughing  spasms,  ease 
muscular  soreness  or  tightness, 
and  invite  restful,  comforting 
sleep.  Often  by  morning,  most  of 
the  misery  is  gone. 

For  baby’s  sake,  try  VapoRub 
tonight.  It  must  be  good,  because 
when  colds  strike,  most  mothers 
use  Vicks  VapoRub. 


FALSE  TEETH 

AS  LOW  AS  $7.95 

Per  Plate,  DENTAL  PLATES 
are  made  in  oar  own  laboratory 
from  yoar  personal  impression. 
Our  workmanship  and  material 
GUARANTEED  or  purchase  price  refunded.  We  take  this 
risk  on  our  60-day  trial  offer.  DO  NOT  SEND  ANY  MONEY! 
MAIL  POST  CARD  for  FREE  Material  and  Catalog  of  our 
LOW  PRICES.  DON’T  PUT  IT  OFF  — Write  us  TODAY! 

BRIGHTON  -  THOMAS  DENTAL  LABORATORY 
Dept.  140S  6217  S.  Halstead  Street,  Chicago,  III. 


HOTEL  GREAT  NORTHERN 

I 


■  8  Centrally  located  in  midtown 
I  I  New  York.  Near  Radio  City, 
I  X  theatres,  fine  shops.  Large  com- 
I  I  fortable  and  attractive 

|  ■  ROOM  AND  BATH  from _  $* 

8  AAA  Hotel.  Garage  a d- 
I  joins  oar  111  West  56th 
I  St.  entrance.  Folder  P*r  day. 
I  118  WEST  57th  ST„  NEW  YORK 


>2  75 


WHAM  1180  Kc 
Presents 

“Man  on  The  Farm” 

Every  Saturday  Noon 
at  12:30 


^  ^  ^ 

A  program  full  of  “cross  questions  and 
crooked  answers.” 

Chuck  Acree  is  the  Master  of  Ceremonies. 

Dr.  O.  B.  Kent  gives  a  weekly  talk  on 
Poultry  and  Livestock. 

TUNE 


50,000  Watts 


Clear  Channel 


(6S6)  22 


American  Agriculturist,  November  21,  1942 


Kernels,  Screenings 
a*t&  Chaff 

By  H.  E.  BABCOCK 


November  21,  1942. 
HOUGH  we  still  run  our  books 
on  the  calendar  year  basis  we 
have  drifted  more  and  more  on 
our  farms  into  planning  our  op¬ 
erations  for  the  year  beginning  Novem¬ 
ber  1st. 

The  Indoor  Season 

With  us,  November  1st  pretty  much 
marks  the  date  when  we  have  finished 
all  our  harvesting  and  taken  in  all  our 
livestock.  This  means  that  we  have  a 
pretty  good  idea  of  the  feed  and  bed¬ 
ding  supplies  we  have  on  hand  and  how 
these  match  up  with  our  poultry  and 
livestock  inventories.  We  can  look  for¬ 
ward  to  six  months  of  controlled  opera-' 
tion,  a  period  when  we  are  less  at  the 
mercy  of  the  weather  than  we  are  dur¬ 
ing  the  other  half  of  the  year. 

We  have  just  been  through  a  Noverrl- 
ber  1st  review  of  our  situation  and  the 
laying  out  of  plans  for  the  year  which 
will  end  October  31,  1943.  Partly  for 
my  own  records,  and  partly  to  note 
what  effect  war  conditions  have  had 
on  our  planning,  I  am  going  to  give 
you  a  thumbnail  picture  of  our  operat¬ 
ing  plans. 

War  Time  Contractions 

No  farm  worthy  of  the  name  in  the 
United  States  can  go  forward  without 
recognizing  the  changes  which  are 
necessary  because  we  are  at  war.  The 
biggest  adjustment  of  course  comes  in 
farm  labor.  Under  normal  conditions 
we  can  keep  seven  men  pretty  busy  the 
year  around.  However,  seven  men  are 
no  longer  available;  our  crew  has  been 
reduced  to  four. 

These  are  the  shifts  which  we  have 
made  in  our  farming  operations  to  com¬ 
pensate  for  the  loss  of  three  men:  (1) 
We  have  cut  our  laying  flock  down 
from  over  2000  hens  to  around  200. 
This  may  seem  to  many  of  you  to  be  a 
rather  foolish  adjustment.  We  made  it, 
however,  for  two  reasons;  poultry  is 
one  of  the  easiest  farm  enterprises  to 
get  in  and  out  of  quickly,  and  when 
we  lost  the  services  of  the  man  who 
took  care  of  our  hens,  we  lost  more 
than  a  man — we  lost  experience  and 
a  way  with  hens.  This  is  something 
which  the  Manpower  Commission  has 
not  appreciated. 

(2)  We  have  cut  down  on  our  rais¬ 
ing  of  purebred  Guernsey  dairy  calves. 
This  we  did,  not  so  much  as  a  matter 
of  adjusting  to  labor  supply,  as  be¬ 
cause  of  the  investment  which  piles  up 
in  a  purebred  Guernsey  heifer  before 
she  is  ready  to  sell  at  freshening  time. 
Furthermore  it  is  our  observation  that 
the  high  fat  breeds  are  not  selling  as 
well  as  the  low  fat  breeds.  In  place  of 
carrying  around  40  purebred  Gueimseys, 
we  shall  get  down  under  ten. 

(3)  We  shall  put  on  an  auction  in 
the  spring  and  sell  all  of  our  young 
horses  and  mules  regardless  of  what 


4ft 


they  bring.  For  years,  one  of  our  en¬ 
terprises  has-heen  to  develop  and  sell 
two  or  three  work  teams  a  year  and 
a  few  saddle  horses.  Here  again  we  are 
up  against  more  than  just  a  supply  of 
labor.  It  takes  skill  and  experience  to 
train  a  young  horse  or  mule,  also  a  lot 
of  time.  We  still  have  good  horsemen 
available  but  at  present  prices  young 
horses  and  mules  won’t  pay  for  their 
time. 

(4)  We  will  move  even  more  toward 
100%  grass  farming.  Except  for  possi¬ 
bly  a  little  corn  for  hogs  we  will  grow 
no  crops  except  hay,  and  grain  which 
can  be  harvested  with  a  combine. 

War  Time  Expansion 

To  balance  off  the  above  listed  reduc¬ 
tions  of  operations  we  have  made  the 
following  positive  adjustments.  (1) 
We  have  doubled  the  number  of  sows 
we  breed  annually.  In  addition  to  the 
pigs  they  produce  we  have  bought  and 
stand  ready  to  buy  some  feeder  pigs. 
The  way  we  handle  hogs,  the  sows  run 
with  feeder  calves  in  one  barn  and  a 
pasture  and  are  fed  very  little.  The  pigs 
run  with  feeder  calves  in  another  barn 
or  in  pasture  and  have  free  access  to 
self  feeders.  It  takes  very  little  skill 
or  labor  to  handle  a  hog  herd. 

(2)  We  have  doubled  the  number  of 
feeder  calves  we  normally  put  in.  Un¬ 
der  our  system  of  management,  these 
calves  run  in  big  groups.  We  have  as 
many  as  100  in  one  basement,  they  are 
fed  but  once  a  day  and  require  but  lit¬ 
tle  daily  attention  so  far  as  bedding, 
cleaning  pens,  etc.,  are  concerned. 

Economics  of  Our  Shifts 

By  taking  our  money  out  of  high 
price  dairy  cattle,  slow  moving  horses 
and  mules  and  laying  hens  which  have 
little  meat  value  and  putting  it  into 
hogs  and  beef  cattle  we  put  ourselves 
in  a  position  where  we  can  cash  our 
inventories  '  very  quickly.  We  also, 
through  the  purchase  of  feeder  calves, 
will  be  able  to  adjust  our  livestock  in¬ 
ventory  to  our  feed  supply  each  fall. 

Finally  we  believe  we  will  be  in  a 
better  position  to  protect  our  capital 
even  in  the  face  of  price  declines  by 
shifting  our  feeding  and  selling  prac¬ 
tices  to  meet  new  conditions. 

War  Time  Production 
of  Food 

As  a  net  overall  conclusion  we  be¬ 
lieve  that,  with  our  setup,  four  men 
who  will  devote  their  entire  efforts  to 
the  production  of  pork  and  beef  can 
produce  more  food  per  man  than  they 
possibly  could  if  we  scattered  their 
efforts  over  a  dairy,  a  flock  of  laying 
hens,  a  bunch  of  pullets  and  cash  crops. 

Next  Year 

Starting  out  our  farm  year  then  as 
of  November  1,  1943,  the  program  will 
be  to  make  the  adjustments  in  dairy 
cattle,  horses  and  mules  indicated 
above;  to  do  a  minimum  of  plowing  and 
cultivating  and  to  put  every  acre  of 
grass  and  hay  to  work  supporting  a 
growing  beef  animal. 

On  the  basis  of  present  inventories 
this  figures  that  each  one  of  the  four 


men  will  turn  out  approximately  fifty 
200  lb.  hogs  apiece  and  seventy-five 
800  lb.  beefs,  with  perhaps  fifty  feeder 
lambs  apiece  for  good  measure. 


Naturally  to  produce  this  much  food 
none  of  us  expect  to  work  only  forty- 
hour  weeks,  nor  do  we  expect  time  and 
a  half  or  double  time. 


The  top  picture  shows  two  plants  ol  utmost  importance  in  the  southwest.  They  are 
important,  however,  for  different  reasons.  The  giant  grass  at  the  left  is  Johnson 
grass  which  corresponds  to  our  own  quack  grass.  It  is  a  terrible  pest.  The  smaller 
plant  at  the  right  is  Wheatland  Maize  which  is  a  great  grain  producer,  it  yields  from 
60  to  100  bushel  per  acre. 

The  middle  picture  is  of  a  portion  of  a  100  acre  cotton  field  on  the  South  Springs 
ranch,  Roswell,  New  Mexico,  which  is  picking  close  to  two  bales  of  cotton  to  the, 
acre.  I  believe  the  average  yield  of  cotton  in  the  country  is  less  than  one-half  a 
bale  to  the  acre.  Note  that  the  field  is  free  of  Johnson  grass. 

The  bottom  picture  shows  the  flock  of  working  geese  on  the  ranch  which  is  used 
to  control  Johnson  grass  in  cotton.  Geese  will  not  eat  cotton  but  love  Johnson  gras* 
and  will  eat  not  only  the  top  bnt  as  much  of  the  root  as  they  can  get  hold  of.  Prob¬ 
ably  no  animal  unit  can  earn  as  much  money  per  pound  of  body  weight  as  can  a 

good  goose  weeding  cotton. 


American  Agriculturist,  November  21,  1942 


23  (637) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 


By  Jl.  Collate 


FARM  ACCOUNTS 

“The  other  day  a  man  called  on  me. 
He  was  selling  farm  account  hooks.  He 
said  that  his  company  had  information 
about  the  income  tax  requirements  for 
1942,  and  that  they  would  be  a  great  help 
in  filling  out  my  income  tax  returns.  The 
price  of  the  book  was  $5.00.’’ 

We  are  informed  that  the  final  in¬ 
come  tax  regulations  for  1942  have  not 
even  been  completed  as  yet.  There  is 
no  question  but  that  every  farmer 
needs  some  kind  of  accounts  in  order 
to  fill  out  the  income  tax  blank  accur¬ 
ately.  This  can  be  done  by  taking  a 
farm  inventory  the  first  of  each  year, 
and  keeping  a  record  of  cash  receipts 
and  expenses.  This  can  be  done  with 
an  ordinary  notebook,  but  most  State 
Colleges  of  Agriculture  have  account 
books  at  low  cost,  usually  10c,  which 
have  been  developed  by  actual  experi¬ 
ence  over  a  long  period  of  years.  We 
do  not  know  of  any  better  books  in 
which  to  keep  farm  accounts,  regard¬ 
less  of  price. 

— a.  a. — 

MRS.  BURCH  FINED 

On  several  occasions  we  have  report¬ 
ed  the  activities  of  Mrs.  Reva  Burch 
in  these  columns.  A  number  of  read¬ 
ers  wrote  us  that  church  societies  to 
which  they  belonged  had  purchased  a 
quantity  of  cleaner  of  Mrs.  Burch  to 
resell  at  a  profit,  and  have  been  un¬ 
able  to  sell  this  product  because  it  soon 
became  mouldy.  Letters  to  Mrs.  Burch 
remained  unanswered. 

On  September  28,  a  subscriber  in  the 
town  of  Oakfield,  Genesee  Comity,  New 
York,  made  a  complaint  to  Buckley 
and  Avery,  Attorneys  in  Oakfield.  A 
warrant  was  sworn  out  for  her  arrest 
on  charges  of  obtaining  property  by 
false  pretense  Mrs.  Burch  was  arrest¬ 
ed  by  a  State  trooper,  October  5,  taken 
before  Justice  Rockwood  in  Oswego 
County,  and  released  on  $100  bail  for 
appearance  on  October  19.  Mrs.  Burch 
pleaded  guilty,  and  was  fined  $50,  and 
was  ordered  to  make  restitution  on  the 
complaint,  which  she  did. 

An  investigation  disclosed  that  the 


MISSING 


PETEK  DONAHUE  FREY 


TAG 


On  Aug.  5,  1942,  he  left  for  a  vacation, 
promising  to  write,  and  has  never  been 
heard  from.  He  is  15%  years  old,  but 
passes  as  older.  About  5  ft.  11  in.  tall; 
weighs  about  140  lbs.;  complexion  fair; 
©yes  blue;  hair  brown.  He  left  home  with 
a  rifle  and  grayish  suitcase  with  black 
binding,  initials  PDF.  He  had  a  sugar 
card,  drives  tractors,  cars,  and  can  milk. 
He  may  be  working  on  a  farm  under  an¬ 
other  name.  He  had  very  few  warm  or 
necessary  clothes  with  him,  and  may 
have  bought  jackets,  sweaters,  or  work 
clothes.  Any  information  leading  to  the 
discovery  of  the  missing  boy  will  be  grate¬ 
fully  rewarded  by  his  father  and  guard¬ 
ian,  Paul  F.  Freytag,  Bemardsville,  N.  J., 
who  requires  the  boy  at  home  because  he 
is  ill  and  aging, 


County  Clerk  of  Oswego  had  issued  a 
certificate  to  Mrs.  Burch  to  do  business 
under  the  assumed  name,  “The  Ameri¬ 
can  Cleaner  Company.”  She  never  had 
a  New  York  City  address  as  has  been 
indicated  and  the  cleaner  was  made  at 
her  home  in  Oswego  County.  Mrs. 
Burch  has  indicated  that  she  will 
change  the  labels  on  her  product  to 
conform  with  the  certificate  to  show 
her  place  of  business  as  R.  No.  4,  Os¬ 
wego,  New  York. 


— a.  a. — 

A  LOST  FRIEND 

“I  loaned  a  friend  of  mine  some  money. 
Now  every  time  I  see  him  he  always  says 
he  will  pay  it  soon.  Recently,  I  have 
not  see  him,  but  when  I  go  to  his  house, 
they  never  seem  to  know  where  he  is.” 

Some  wise  man  once  said  the  surest 
way  to  lose  a  friend  is  to  loan  him 
money.  There  are  two  ways  to  get 
this  loan  repaid;  one  is  to  “dun”  him 
often  and  persistently  until  he  gets  so 
tired  of  it  that  he  pays  you.  The  sec¬ 
ond  is  to  bring  civil  suit  to  recover. 
You  should,  of  course,  have  demanded 
a  note  so  that  you  had  proof  of  the 
debt.  However,  if  you  can  prove  the 
debt  some  other  way,  you  should  be 
able,  by  suit,  to  get  a  judgment.  If 
the  debtor  has  property  in  his  own 
name,  you  can  collect  it. 

If  he  owns  no  property,  the  judgment 
is  worthless,  though  it  can  be  filed  and 
collected  later  if  the  debtor  acquires 
property. 

— a.  a. — 

"SLICK” 

“About  two  years  ago,  an  agent  called 
and  said  he  was  getting  material  for  an 
historical  book  in  the  region  around  Al¬ 
bany,  and  wanted  information  about  my 
family.  He  asked  if  I  would  buy  a  book 
when  they  were  published,  the  cost  of 
which  was  to  be  $37.50.  I  told  him  I  could 
not  afford  it,  and  he  said  he  would  put  my 
name  down,  and  if  I  could  not  take  it 
when  it  came,  I  would  not  have  to.  Ahout 
a  month  ago,  I  heard  the  book  was  fin¬ 
ished,  and  I  wrote  and  said  I  could  not 
take  it.  However,  a  man  called  and  left 
the  book  on  the  porch  while  I  was  out. 
He  came  where  I  was  working  and  J 
told  him  I  could  not  pay  for  it,  and  told 
him  what  the  agent  said  to  me ;  he  went 
away.  Can  they  make  me  keep  the 
book?” 

If  you  did  not  sign  the  order  blank, 
the  company  can’t  force  you  to  pay  for 
this  book.  If  you  did  sign  it  on  the 
agent’s  promise  that  you  could  cancel 
the  order,  the  company  can  force  col¬ 
lection  through  legal  action.  It  is  gen¬ 
erally  agreed  that  a  company  cannot 
be  held  to  the  verbal  promises  which 
an  agent  may  make. 

—  A.  A. — 

« 

APPRECIATION 

“I  greatly  appreciate  what  you  have 
done  for  me  in  collecting  my  bill.  I 
did  not  think  you  would  be  successful. 
I  took  the  money  and  put  it  in  a  war 
bond.  I  did  without  the  money  since 

1938  and  I  think  I  can  do  without  it  for 

\ 

some  time  to  come  if  it  will  help  win 
this  war. 

“I  have  taken  the  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  for  a  good  many  years,  and 
think  it  is  a  helpful  and  very  nice 
paper.  I  intend  to  continue  taking  it. 
— J.  E.  W. 

—  A.  A.— 

We  are  trying  to  locate  a  Mr.  J. 
Benderson  whose  former  address  was 
Box  53,  Bull’s  Head  Station,  Roches¬ 
ter,  New  York.  If  anyone  knows  his 
present  address,  we  would  very  much 
appreciate  having  it. 


MEN  IN  SERVICE 
PROTECTED 

North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co.  policy¬ 
holders  serving  in  the  armed  forces  in  the  United 
States  may  continue  their  limited  travel  accident 
insurance  policy,  either  series  403R  or  416R. 

Benefits  will  be  paid  to  policyholders  under  the 
terms  of  the  policy,  if  the  accident  occurs  while 
policyholder  is  on  leave  from  camp  traveling  to  or 
from  a  nearby  town,  or  while  traveling  on  a  fur¬ 
lough  within  the  forty-eight  States  of  the  United 
States  and  the  District  of  Columbia. 

The  policy  pays  for  loss  of  life,  eye,  hand  or  foot 
or  for  loss  of  time  while  totally  disabled,  on  fol¬ 
lowing  accidents : 

1.  By  the  wrecking  or  disablement  of  a 
private  automobile  in  which  the  policy¬ 
holder  is  riding. 

2.  By  the  wrecking  or  disablement  of  a 
public  conveyance  in  which  the  policy¬ 
holder  is  riding  as  a  fare-paying  pass¬ 
enger. 

3.  While  walking  or  standing  on  the  pub¬ 
lic  highway  if  run  into. 

North  American  Accident  Insurance  Co. 

Oldest  and  Largest  Exclusive  Health  and  Accident  Company  in  America 

N.  A.  ASSOCIATES  DEPARTMENT  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


WHAM  NEWS 

is  brief,  authentic  headline  news  hot  off  the  wires 
of  the  United  Press.  Through  WHAM’S  50,000 
watt,  clear  channel  system  of  broadcasting,  regular 
news  periods  are  brought  to  you  seven  (7)  times 
daily  — 

7:00  A.M.  7:55  A.M. 

12:05  Noon  6:00  P.M. 

11:00  P.  M. 

2:00  A.M.  4:00  A.M. 

Tune  in  the  news  reporter  on 

WHAM 

1180  Kc.  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


The  Baruch 


replacements  can  be  made  only  with  new 
tires.  This  means  that  as  soon  as  stocks  of 
conventional  tires  are  exhausted  new  type 
wide  base  tires  must  be  used  in  their  place. 
That  is  why  the  new  Firestone  Wide  Base 
Changeover  Plan  is  of  vital  interest  to  all 
farmers  owning  tractors  equipped  with 
worn  tires. 


report  on  the  rubber 
situation  and  statements  by  Mr.  W.  M. 
Jeffers,  rubber  administrator,  indicate  the 
intention  of  the  Government  to  keep  all 
essential  rubber  tired  wheels  rolling. 

To  help  farmers  keep  their  tractors  on 
the  job,  Firestone  has  developed  a  new 
Wide  Base  Changeover  Plan.  It  is  an  easy, 
inexpensive  way  to  put  the  new  type  wide 
base  tires  on  older  model  tractors  now 
equipped  with  rubber. 

Government  tire  regulations  are  being 
changed  to  discontinue  retreading  rear 
farm  tractor  tires.  Consequently, 


If  your  tractor  tires  are  badly  worn, 
don't  delay  —  see  your  nearby  Firestone 
Tire  Dealer  or  Firestone  Store  today . 
They  have  complete  information  on  how 
to  help  you  keep  your  tractor  on  the  job . 


Mr.  EXTRA  TRACTION  dayd:  "THE  FIRESTONE  W/DE- 
BASE  CHANGEOVER  PLAN  IS  SIMPLE  AND 
INEXPENSIVE .  HERE’S  HOW  IT  WORKS” 


Step  1.  Cut  off  both  sides  of  the  conventional  rim  at 
the  edge  of  the  well. 

Step  2.  Weld  the  new  wide  base  rim  to  the  remainder 
of  the  conventional  rim. 

Step  3.  Mount  new  type  wide  base  Firestone  Ground 
Grip  Tires  and  new  wide  base  tubes. 

The  new  Firestone  Wide  Base  Changeover  Plan  is 
an  adaptation  of  the  famous  Firestone  Cut-Down 
Plan.  This  makes  it  possible  to  replace  worn 
conventional  tires  with  wide  base  Firestone  Ground 
Grip  Tires  which  provide  up  to  215  extra  inches  of 
traction  bar  length  per  tractor. 


*Mr.  EXTRA  TRACTION  gets  his 
name  from  the  Extra  Traction  Bar 
length  on  Every  FIRESTONE 
GROUND  GRIP  TIRE 


Tirestone 


GROUND  GRIP  TIRES 


[ill] 

TiT*Ti 

Listen  to  the  Voice  of  Firestone  with  Richard  Crooks,  Margaret  Speaks  and  the  Firestone  Symphony  Orchestra,  under  the  direction  of  Alfred  Wallenstein,  Monday  evenings,  over  N.  B.  C. 

Copyright,  1942,  The  Firestone  Tire  &  Rubber 


r 


DECEMBER  5,  1942 


American 

GRICU ITURIST 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


FOUNDED  184-2 


THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 


DAIRYMEN  PROCLAIM 
TIIEIR  OWN  WARES 


Editor’s  Note:  It  is  necessary  now  to  produce 
every  extra  ounce  of  milk  within  our  power,  be¬ 
cause  milk  is  such  a  vital  food  in  these  times 
when  all  foods  are  becoming  scarce.  But  it  is 
an  unfortunate  fact  that  every  effort  we  make 
to  increase  production  now  may  add  to  our  prob¬ 
lem  of  marketing  after  the  war,  when  dairymen 
may  be  faced  with  the  largest  milk  surplus 
problem  in  the  history  of  the  business. 

One  answer  to  this  problem  is  suggested  in 
the  interesting  article  on  this  page  by  Jared  Van 
Wagenen,  Jr.  Dairymen  must  learn  to  advertise 
just  as  other  business  has  found  it  necessary 
to  do;  and  because  the  education  of  the  public 
is  a  long-time  business,  it  is  essential  to  continue 
and  to  expand  milk  advertising  now  in  order  to 
increase  consumer  demand  for  it  after  the  war. 


OME  RHYMSTER  has  written  a 
little  ditty  which  goes  like  this: 

“The  man  who  has  a  thing  to  sell 
And  goes  and  whispers  it  down  a  well 
Is  n°t  as  likely  to  collar  the  dollars 
_^s  if  he  ciimbs  a  tree  and  hollers.” 

Advertising,  as  such,  is  essentially  a  devel¬ 
opment  of  fairly  recent  years.  The  first  vol¬ 
ume  of  the  American  Agriculturist,  which 
came  off  the  press  a  full  century  ago,  is  no 
mean  publication  so  far  as  the  character  of 
its  printed  agricultural  discussions  is  concern¬ 
ed,  but  its  few  brief  advertisements  are  singu¬ 
larly  lacking  in  variety  and  attractiveness.  In 
a  word,  we  had  not  at  that  period  learned  to 
use  the  printed  word  for  sales  appeal. 

Perhaps  the  first  advertising  to  be  done  in 
America  was  well  toward  two  hundred  years 
ago  when  the  New  England  Town  Crier  (I 
suppose  in  consideration  of  a  modest  fee) 
would  add  to  his  official  proclamations  such 
announcements  as  the  fact  that  Goodman 
Brewster  of  Salt  Point  Lane  had  for  sale  a 
red  and  white  cow;  also  a  spotted  sow  about 
to  be  delivered.  Then  he  would  run  the  ad¬ 
vertisement  of  Merchantman  Giles  Corry  of 
Governor’s  Road  who  had  by  the  last  ship 
from  London  just  in  last  week  a  bolt  of  fine 
English  broadcloth,  and  by  the  same  vessel  a 
chest  of  new  China  Tea — all  this  in  addition 
to  his  regular  stock  of  salt  codfish  in  from 
Marblehead. 

A  little  later  came  the  custom  of  advertis¬ 
ing,  not  in  the  rare  newspapers  but  by  notices 
handwritten  or  sometimes  printed  and  posted 
in  public  places.  Even  today  that  ancient  cus¬ 
tom  still  lingers  in  the  law  which  directs  that 


fey 


Honed  Von  lAJaaene+i,  jin. 


the  notice  of  the  annual  District  School  Meet¬ 
ing  be  given  by  at  least  three  signed  notices 
posted  in  public  places. 

In  the  old  days  in  Lawyersville,  it  was 
agreed  that  the  “three  public  places”  were 
symbolized  by  the  general  store,  the  black¬ 
smith  shop  and  a  certain  maple  tree  that 
stood  near  the  corner  of  the  common.  Well! 
the  passing  years  have  dealt  hardly  with  this 
custom.  The  blacksmith  shop  is  closed,  the 
maple  tree  has  been  cut  down,  and  since  we 
have  been  taken  into  the  big  Central  District 
there  is  no  longer  any  call  to  give  local  notice 
of  School  Meeting.  Our  still  universal  auc¬ 
tion  bill  and  our  enormous  flaming  billboards 
along  the  State  Roads  are  existent  examples 
of  this  form  of  advertising. 

There  are  other  and  interesting  ways  in 
which  the  posted  notice  has  been  used  to  give 
information.  A  half  dozen  or  more  centuries 
ago  in  England,  if  a  man  was  accused  of 


crime  and  failed  to  present  himself  before  the 
Court,  it  was  directed  that  his  accusation  be 
written  out  and  pinned  to  a  post  by  thrusting 
a  knife  through  it.  This  post  had  to  be  at  a 
point  where  two  highways  crossed.  Further, 
it  was  adjudged  that  proper  service  of  the 
suspect  had  been  made  if  the  written  accusa¬ 
tion  was  wrapped  about  a  silver  coin  and  this 
was  thrown  through  a  door  or  window  of  the 
house  reputed  to  be  his  abode.  The  stately 
machinery  of  the  law  had  some  funny  quirks 
in  these  bygone  centuries.  This  was  in  the 
years  when  Dick  Turpin,  most  famous  of 
highwaymen,  went  his  way,  and  when  a  writ¬ 
ten  notice  traveled  very  far  by  word  of  mouth. 

Since  those  first  small  beginnings  of  the 
advertising  idea,  it  has  grown  into  a  vast  busi¬ 
ness  with  thousands  of  employees  and  wide¬ 
spread  ramifications  through  which  flow  an¬ 
nually  scores  of  millions  of  dollars — expendi¬ 
tures  made  because  men  with  goods  to  sell 
have  come  to  believe  that  wise  advertising 
creates  demand.  There  must  really  be  a  sound 
basis  for  the  idea,  (Please  Turn  to  Page  16) 


Milk  is  a  cheap  food  at  ANY  reasonable  price. 
Hut  it  needs  advertising  to  convince  the  consuming 
public  of  this  important  fact. 


:•  v  - 


IN  THIS  ISSUE  CEILING  PRICES,  Page  3;  NEW  FARM  DRAFT  CLASSES,  Page  3;  NATIONAL  GRANGE  STATES  POSI- 

TIQN  QN  Farm  labor>  Page  5.  SHORT  CUTS  FOR  LONG  PRICES,  Page  7;  SEXAUER  SAYS  MILK 
INDUSTRY  CAN  SAVE,  Page  11;  CHICK  CONTEST  WINNERS,  Page  12;  SWINE  HERD  IN  WINTER,  Page  13. 


The  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative  is 


voluntary  use  by  fully 


informed  patrons 


1  9 


4  2 


Why  some  hens  need 
a  special  feed 


TAKE  FERTILIZER 
DELIVERY  NOW 


It  looks  like  most 
farmers  will  be  able 
to  get  enough  ferti¬ 
lizer  for  next 
spring’s  planting.  There  are  a  couple  of 
provisos  attached  to  that  statement,  how¬ 
ever.  The  first  is  nitrogen.  Nitrogen,  as 
we  all  know,  has  gone  to  war;  there  isn’t 
as  much  nitrogen  for  fertilizer  manufac¬ 
ture  as  we  normally  use.  So,  if  you  had  a 
5%  nitrogen  fertilizer  last  year — a  5-10-5, 
for  example — you  probably  will  get  one 
containing  only  4%  nitrogen  this  year. 
Not  much  of  a  cut,  but  the  nitrogen  saved 
this  way  in  New  York  State  alone  will  be 
enough  to  make  32,219  two-thousand- 
pound  aerial  bombs. 

The  second  proviso  is  that  if  you  want 
to  be  sure  of  your  fertilizer  supply,  you 
had  better  get  it  into  the  barn  pronto. 
Jack  Crissey,  acting  head  of  G.L.F.  ferti¬ 
lizer  service,  points  out  these  two  facts — 
First,  more  than  800,000  freight  cars  a 
week  are  needed  right  today  to  ship  war 
goods,  farm  supplies,  and  civilian  needs. 
Demands  are  growing.  This  spring  may 
see  the  greatest  traffic  jam  that  ever  has 
hit  this  country — fertilizer  shipments  will 
be  slow.  - 


Second,  less  fertilizer  will  be  made  this 
year,  but  the  demand  will  be  greater  than 
ever.  Fertilizer  will  be  scarce  before  the 
spring  season  is  over. 

It  looks  now  as  though  G.L.F.  Service 
Agencies  will  be  able  to  supply  fertilizer  to 
all  farmers  who  purchased  through  their 
cooperative  last  year,  provided  they  take 
their  supply  this  winter — and  the  sooner 
the  better.  Shipments  are  beginning  now. 

What  about  prices?  Probably  a  little 
higher  than  last  year — can’t  tell  definitely 
until  the  OPA  announces  the  new  ceilings. 
Whatever  the  ceilings,  farmers  will,  as  al¬ 
ways,  lose  nothing  by  buying  through  their 
cooperative.  And  there  will  be,  says  Mr. 
Crissey,  discounts  for  those  who  take 
delivery  early. 


★  ★  ★ 


This  hen  is  a  breeder.  Her  eggs 
will  be  saved  for  hatching.  She 
has  to  put  more  into  her  eggs 
than  the  hen  whose  only  job  is 
to  produce  eggs  for  food. 


To  put  more  into  her  eggs,  she 
has  to  get  more  out  of  her  feed.  Riboflavin  is  the 
principal  difference.  Riboflavin  is  a  vitamin  that 
is  needed  by  all  poultry.  Chicks  can't  grow  and 
hens  can’t  lay  without  it.  But  it  takes  more 
riboflavin  to  produce  eggs  that  will  hatch  than 
it  does  just  to  produce  eggs. 


That  is  the  Number  1  reason  why  breeders 
should  have  a  special  feed,  and  it  is  the  principal 
difference  between  G.L.F.  Super  Laying  &  Breed¬ 
ing  Mash  and  the  other  laying  mashes  manu¬ 
factured  for  poultrymen  by  their  cooperative. 
Super  Laying  &  Breeding  Mash  provides  the 
extra  riboflavin  needed  by  breeding  hens.  It  also 
supplies  extra  large  quantities  of  other  essential 
nutrients  and  vitamins  that  help  keep  the  breed¬ 
ing  flock  in  good  health  and  laying  at  a  high  rate. 
All  this  costs  more,  but  it  is  good  insurance. 

Super  Laying  &  Breeding  Mash  should  be  fed 
to  all  breeders,  both  males  and  females,  starting 
about  a  month  before  the  eggs  are  to  be  set. 

There  is  no  need,  however,  to  feed  a  breeder 
mash  to  hens  whose  eggs  go  to  market.  G.L.F.. 
Laying  Mash  is  the  feed  for  straight  egg  produc¬ 


tion  when  eggs  are  not  kept  for  hatching.  It  costs 
about  $7.00  a  ton  less  than  the  breeder  mash  and 
will  do  just  as  good  a  job  of  producing  eggs. 

One  way  poultrymen  can  keep  costs  down  is  by 
making  full  use  of  the  cooperative  feed  service 
they  have  built.  That  means  using  the  right  mash 
for  the  job — 

G.L.F.  Super  Laying  &  Breeding  Mash  for  all 

hens  whose  eggs  are  to  be  hatched. 

G.L.F.  Laying  Mash  for  straight  egg  production. 


Three  Vitamins  that  all  Hens  Need 


Vitamin  A 

Vitamin  D 

Riboflavin 

These  in- 

Cod  liver  oil 

Covd  liver  oil 

Milk  products 

Yellow  corn 

D-activated 

Brewers’  yeast 

gredients 

Alfalfa  meal 

animal 

Alfalfa  meal 

are  good 

sterol 

Fish  meal 

sources 

Meat  scraps 

Breeding 

(Micrograms) 

hens  need 

(U.S.P.  Units) 

(A.O.A.C.  Units) 

per  pound 

1000-1200 

of  feed 

1800-2700 

270-450 

Super  Lay  & 
Breed  fed 
50-50  with 
grain 

3850 

454 

1225 

Laying  hens 
need  per 
pound  of 
feed 

1800-2700 

270-450 

600-S00 

Laying  Mash 

fed  50-50 
with  grain 

3350 

454 

800 

TIME  TO  CHECK  Certificates  of  War 

Necessity,  gas  ra- 

FARM  TRUCKS  tion  books,  and  the 

tire  question,  won  t 
be  all  of  the  farmer’s  trucking  headaches. 
The  shortage  of  spare  parts  hasn’t 
bothered  most  farmers  yet — but  it  will. 

Here  are  a  few  actual  examples:  For 
lack  of  a  five  dollar  part  for  its  steering 


mechanism,  a  truck  was  tied  up  for  three 
weeks.  Another  truck  was  put  out  of 
commission  for  four  weeks  while  the  owner 
was  obtaining  a  new  radiator.  Inability  to 
get  a  sixteen  dollar  set  of  gears  for  the 
differential  put  a  truck  out  of  service  for 
six  weeks.  Still  another  truck  needed  a 
transmission  bolt  which  cost  fifteen  cents. 
It  took  six  weeks  to  get  it. 

Repair  parts— while  generally  available 
at  this  time— are  getting  scarcer  and 
scarcer.  It’s  good  business  to  check  youf 
truck  over  now,  and  get  needec^  parts 
while  they  are  still  available. 


Cooperative  G.L.F.  Exchange,  Inc... 


Ithaca,  N.Y 


At  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  5,  1942 


3  (641) 


YOU  **  YOUR  FARM 

asidtfo  WA 


PRICE  CEILINGS 


SOME  AT  LEAST  of  the  objections 
that  vegetable  growers  voiced  con¬ 
cerning  temporary  price  ceilings  have 
been  met  by  permanent  ceilings  an¬ 
nounced  by  the  Office  of  Price  Ad¬ 
ministration  on  potatoes  and  onions. 
The  new  order  sets  different  prices  in 
different  areas,  and  allows  prices  to 
ease  upward  to  take  care  of  storage 
charges  and  shrinkage  as  the  season 
progresses. 

Potatoes 

The  base  price  for  potatoes  is  figured 
on  U.  S.  No.  l’s  in  100-lb.  sacks,  with 
premiums  and  discounts  for  other 
grades  and  packages.  For  the  month 
of  December  the  Maine  f.o.b.  price  set 
for  100-lb.  sacks  is  $1.95;  for  Long 
Island,  $2.25.  The  price  increases 
gradually  up  to  $2.30  for  Maine  pota¬ 
toes  for  the  month  of  April;  $2.45  for 
Long  Island.  Then  the  Maine  price 
drops  10c  a  month  until  June;  while 
the  Long  Island  price  stays  at  $2.45. 

To  give  you  an  idea  of  the  premiums 
and  discounts,  there  is  a  premium  of 
20c  for  U.  S.  extra  No.  l’s  packed  in 
100-lb.  sacks;  a  premium  of  20c  for 
potatoes  graded  and  packed  in  sacks 
of  25  lbs.  or  less;  a  premium  of  90c 
for  Russet  Burbanks  hand-graded  and 
individually- wrapped ;  a  discount  of  30c 
for  white  potatoes  in  100-lb.  sacks 
grading  below  U.  S.  No.  1;  a  discount 
of  20c  for  white  potatoes  shipped  in 
bulk,  graded  but  unpacked;  a  discount 
of  50c  for  white  potatoes  shipped  in 
bulk,  ungraded  and  unpacked;  a  dis¬ 
count  of  40c  for  white  potatoes  un¬ 
graded  and  packed  in  100-lb.  sacks. 

Dollars  and  cents  prices  are  not  set 
for  wholesalers  and  retailers.  These 
prices  are  controlled  by  allowing  a 
definite  percentage  mark-up  of  the 
cost.  It  is  estimated  that  the  price 
order  will  increase  the  price  of  po¬ 
tatoes  to  consumers  by  not  over  lc  a 
pound. 

Onions 

The  temporary  price  order  caught 
onions  at  a  season  when  prices  were 
low.  The  new  order  sets  f.o.b.  prices 
at  country  shipping  points  at  $1.60  per 
50-lb.  sack  for  December  in  New  York, 
New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland, 
Delaware  and  Virginia;  from  which 
point  prices  will  be  allowed  to  rise  to 
$2.10  in  April.  Prices  in  western 
states  are  from  10c  to  20c  lower. 

Onions  are  divided  into  two  grades — - 
U.  S.  No.  l’s  and  ungraded.  A  premi¬ 
um  of  50c  is  allowed  on  U.  S.  No.  1 
white  onions  in  50-lb.  sacks;  a  premi¬ 
um  of  15c  on  onions  graded  and  pack¬ 
ed  in  10-lb.  sacks  or  less;  a  discount 
of  15c  on  onions  ungraded  and  packed 
in  sacks  of  any  size;  a  discount  of  30c 
if  they  are  ungraded  and  unsacked;  a 
discount  of  15c  if  purchaser  furnishes 
sacks.  Here  again  prices  are  at  the 
country  shipping  point  level,  with 
wholesalers  and  retailers  permitted  to 
add  a  definite  percentage  mark-up  to 
cover  their  costs  and  profits. 

Beans 

Permanent  ceiling  prices  on  beans 
will  be  slightly  higher  than  previous 
levels.  Here  are  some  of  the  prices 
which  may  be  charged  by  shippers  at 
country  shipping  points  for  U.  S.  ^o. 


1  dry  edible  beans:  pea  and  medium 
white  beans,  $5.60;  marrow  beans  (not 
including  red  marrows),  $7.05;  small 
white  beans,  $5.60;  white  kidney  beans, 
$7.85;  red  kidney  beans,  $5.60;  yellow 
eyes,  $7.05;  lima  beans,  $8.00.  A  10 
cent  premium  is  allowed  on  the  grade 
known  as  U.  S.  Choice  Hand-picked. 

A  premium  of  25c  a  hundred  is  al¬ 
lowed  for  any  dry  edible  beans  packed 
in  25-lb.  cartons  or  bags.  No  provision 
is  made  for  seasonal  price  variation  on 
beans.  i 

Effective  November  9,  each  country 
shipper  is  required  to  indicate  plainly 
on  each  100-lb.  sack  the  class  and  the 
U.  S.  grade.  If  sold  in  other  contain¬ 
ers,  the  shipper  must  show  the  grade 
of  each  item  shipped  on  the  invoice. 

Turkeys 

Also  included  in  the  order  are  tur¬ 
key  prices.  Turkeys  are  to  be  graded 
A,  B  and  C  according  to  U.  S.  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  specifications  with 
some  differentials  for  sizes.  The  prices 
are  based  on  sales  to  the  first  whole¬ 
saler,  usually  in  carload  lots,  at  New 
York  City.  Prices  for  each  grade  and 
size  on  the  Pacific  Coast  are  lc  a 
pound  lower  than  in  New  York. 

To  give  you  an  idea  of  prices,  young 
hens  or  Toms  weighing  up  to  16  lbs. 
dressed  are  priced  at  40c  a  pound  for 
Grade  A,  38  ^c  for  Grade  B,  and  36c 
for  Grade  C.  From  16  to  20  lbs.,  prices 
are:  Grade  A,  381/2e;  Grade  B,  37c; 
Grade  C,  34c.  Over  20  lbs.,  prices  are: 
Grade  A,  37 V2c;  Grade  B,  36c;  Grade 
C,  33y2c.  Old  hens  or  Toms  are  quoted 
for  various  grades  and  sizes  at  2c  a 
pound  less. 

These  prices  will  be  allowed  to  in¬ 
crease,  but  not  until  February.  The 
February  increase  is  y2c;  March,  lc; 
April  iy2e;  May,  2c;  June  2y2c;  July, 
3c;  August,  314c;  September,  2c;  Oc¬ 
tober,  lc. 

Live  turkeys  are  priced  2y2c  a  pound 
below  maximum  prices  for  Grade  A 
turkeys  of  corresponding  size  and  age. 

As  in  the  case  of  potatoes  and 
onions,  wholesalers  and  retailers  will 
be  permitted  a  definite  percentage  of 
mark-up  on  prices. 

One  point  about  price  ceilings  that 
bothered  producers  was  the  absence  of 
any  definite  information  as  to  how  a 
farmer  could  sell  at  retail  at  prices  any 
higher  than  those  stated  in  the  order, 
which  prices,  of  course,  were  at  the 
wholesale  level.  Fortunately  for  grow¬ 
ers  of  turkeys  (on  which  ceilings  were 
also  set),  an  interpretation  was  added 
allowing  growers  to  sell  turkeys  to 
consumers  at  the  price  charged  at  re¬ 
tail  in  the  nearest  city  or  village  for 
comparable  grades  of  turkeys.  It  is 
hoped  that  similar  rulings  will  be  made 
covering  producer-to-consumer  sales  of 
potatoes  and  onions. 

—a.  a _ 

NEW  FARM 
RRAFT  CLASSES 

To  comply  with  the  plan  to  defer 
essential  farm  workers,  two  new  draft 
classes  for  farmers  have  been  set  up. 
Class  2-C  will  include  essential  farm 
workers  without  dependents,  and  Class 
3-C  such  farm  workers  with  depend¬ 
ents.  Men  in  these  two  classes  will 

( Continued  on  Page  20) 


/Vo'S//e 

TO  BLOCK 
THE  RICHER  TASTE 


. 


JH-TASTIN  tqN<3U£- 

[to,  easy  °2= „„ 

IT'S  n0;5 f  no  eas y-pRAWj 

‘papers^ 

%%%%«*'■  c 


pipefuls  of  fragrant 
tobacco  in  every 


dtBBtr 


THE  NATIONAL  JOY  SMOKE 


R.  J.  Reynolds  Tobacco  Company,  Winston-Salem,  North  Carolina 


Buy  War  Savings  Bonds  and  Stamps 


(642)  4 


Ar  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  5,  1842 


PAG  E 


Address  all  mail  for  Editorial  or  Advertis¬ 
ing  departments  to  American  Agriculturist, 
Savings  Bank  Building,  Ithaca,  New  York 


DUPLICATION  IN  MILK 
MARKETING 

IN  ITS  suggestion  of  the  need  for  a  concrete 
plan  to  cut  out  waste  and  duplication  in  the 
marketing  of  milk,  the  Dairymen’s  League  Co¬ 
operative  Association  has  put  its  finger  on  the 
chief  reason  for  criticism  of  the  milk  marketing 
business.  (See  Page  11  for  explanation  of  the 
League  suggestion). 

Everybody  who  knows  anything  about  the 
milk  business  knows  that  there  is  a  large  amount 
of  waste.  For  that  matter,  milk  is  not  the  only 
product  where  there  is  inefficiency.  Costs  of  dis¬ 
tribution  of  other  products,  including  manufac¬ 
tured  ones,  are  too  high.  But  for  some  reason, 
milk  comes  in  for  more  criticism  from  the  pub¬ 
lic.  So  it  is  becoming  increasingly  plain  that  un¬ 
less  the  industry  itself,  working  together  on  some 
such  plan  as  suggested  by  the  League,  can  step 
up  its  own  efficiency,  the  government  will  step 
in  and  try  to  do  it.  And  that  would  be  jumping 
out  of  the  frying  pan  into  the  fire.  The  League 
plan  may  need  some  changes  and  improvement 
— probably  it  does — but  as  the  League  suggests, 
at  least  it  can  do  no  harm  to  have  a  careful 
study  made  by  representatives  of  the  coopera¬ 
tives,  the  milk  dealers,  and  the  general  public 
to  try  to  find  some  solution  to  the  milk  market¬ 
ing  problem. 

THE  RIGHT  TO  RUN  OUR  BUSINESS 

OME  wheat  farmers  in  Ohio  strongly  object¬ 
ed  to  the  Triple  A’s  putting  a  penalty  on 
growing  too  much  wheat.  Particularly  angry 
were  these  farmers  at  being  told  that  they  could 
not  even  feed  wheat  grown  on  their  own  farms 
to  their  livestock. 

So  they  took  the  matter  to  the  courts,  win¬ 
ning  a  decision  in  an  Ohio  Federal  District 
Court.  It  was  appealed,  and  now  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  has  handed  down  a 
decision  against  the  farmers. 

Using  the  hard  times  as  an  excuse,  there  was 
for  years  before  the  war  a  building  up  of  cen¬ 
tralization  and  bureaucratic  powers  in  Washing¬ 
ton,  which  more  and  more  removed  the  powers 
and  liberties  of  the  American  people  from  the 
people  themselves  and  from  their  own  communi¬ 
ties.  Much  of  this  artificial  planning  and  cen¬ 
tralization  has  been  secured  or  bought  by  sub¬ 
sidies,  which  in  many  instances  resulted  in  the 
people’s  exchanging  their  liberty,  initiative,  and 
personal  responsibility  for  a  mess  of  pottage. 

Although  much  of  the  agricultural  planning 
was  perfectly  sincere,  and  the  work  was  carried 
out  by  men  who  wanted  to  do  a  good  job,  most 
of  these  schemes  have  worked  poorly,  and  have 
been  especially  unfair  to  farmers  of  the  North¬ 
east,  leaving  little  doubt  that  agriculture  and 
the  country  itself  would  have  been  far  better  off 
without  such  plans,  depression  or  no  depression. 

Then,  on  top  of  all  this  peace-time  regulation, 
came  the  war  and  a  tremendous  increase  in  the 
powers  of  the  central  government  over  the  rights 
and  privileges  of  the  people.  Every  day  brings 
pew  regulations,  new  orders,  many  of  which  are 
not  properly  organized  to  start  with,  many  of 
which  are  poorly  administered,  and  many  of 
which  actually  interfere  with  what  the  govern¬ 
ment  and  the  country  needs  most — the  produc¬ 
tion  of  food.  The  Certificates  of  War  Necessity 
for  trucks  are  a  good  example  of  this.  No  one 
questions  the  need  of  saving  gasoline  and  tires 
We  do  question  the  need  or  the  necessity  of  every 
farm  truck  owner  being  required  to  fill  out  a 
blank  so  complex  that  few  can  understand  it  or 


fill  it  out  without  the  services  of  a  lawyer  or  an 
expert.  And  we  do  question  also  the  wisdom  of 
having  the  farmer’s  truck  needs  passed  upon  by 
persons  who  apparently  know  nothing  of  farm¬ 
ing  or  the  great  problem  of  raising  food  to  win 
the  war. 

Farmers  and  other  citizens  realize  the  neces¬ 
sity  of  regulation  now.  They  knew  that  because 
of  the  hurry,  there  are  bound  to  be  mistakes  and 
unfairness.  They  know  that  we  must  win  this 
war  and  that  nothing  else  matters  but  that  now. 
But  if  I  am  to  judge  by  the  hundreds  of  letters 

from  farmers  that  I  have  read  lately  and  the 
many  personal  contacts  I  have  had  with  them, 
they’ll  put  up  with  this  telling  them  when  to  go 
to  bed  and  when  to  get  up,  what  to  plant  and 
what  not  to  plant,  only  just  as  long  as  this  war 
lasts  and  not  a  minute  longer. 

If  I  am  any  judge  of  the  feeling  of'  farmers 
and  of  thousands  of  other  citizens,  America  is 
fed  up  on  bureaucracy,  and  its  citizens  are  de¬ 
termined  that  one  of  the  things  we  are  fighting 
for  in  this  country,  one  of  the  rights  we  are  go¬ 
ing  to  have  back,  is  the  right  to  run  our  own 
business. 

"WHEN  LIFE  WAS  SWEET” 

N  THE  Preface  to  the  new  book  by  Carl  Ladd 
and  Ed  Eastman  called  “Growing  Up  in  the 
Horse  and  Buggy  Days”,  Romeyn  Berry,  farm¬ 
er  and  writer,  says: 

“The  men  who  wrote  this  book  must  have  had 
as  much  fun  writing  it  as  you  will  have  reading 
it,  and  then  reading  it  again.  It  is  a  hilarious 
book  in  which  are  recalled  all  the  joys  and  a  few 
of  the  mishaps  that  accompanied  Horse  and 
Buggy  days  on  the  farm.  .  .  . 

“But  this  book  is  vastly  more,  I  think,  than 
a  collection  of  amusing  reminiscences.  It  might 


IMPORTANT!  ACT  NOW! 

“The  Government  is  asking  American  farmers 
to  dedicate  the  remaining  weeks  of  1942  to  an 
intensified  scrap  hunt.  Steel  mills  need  more 
heavy  scrap  and  farms  are  one  of  the  best 
sources  of  this  type  of  metal.  We  need  your 
future  help  in  this  farm  drive,  and  I  am  asking 
Salvage  Committees  to  continue  this  effort 
throughout  next  few  weeks.  Material  to  help 
you  is  being  prepared  and  will  be  mailed  soon. 
All  Salvage  Committees  are  being  instructed  to 
continue  to  make  available  to  the  farmer  all  their 
transportation  facilities  and  manpower,  and  to 
cooperate  with  you  in  every  possible  way.  The 
Nation  is  looking  to  the  American  farmer.  I  am 
sure,  with  your  help,  he  will  come  through.” 

— DONALD  M.  NELSON,  Chairman,  War  Pro¬ 
duction  Board. 

LACK  of  scrap  metal  is  prolonging  the 
war.  There  are  thousands  of  tons  still 
on  farms.  Won’t  you  take  this  matter  ser¬ 
iously  and  get  every  available  piece  of 
scrap  on  your-  farm  moving  toward  the 
battle  fronts?  Collect  it,  take  it  to  your 
scrap  dealer  or  ask  him  to  come  and  get  it, 
or  call  your  town  highway  superintendent 
or  the  chairman  of  your  salvage  committee. 

Doing  this  before  snow  covers  your  farm 
may  save  the  lives  of  our  boys  in  the  arm¬ 
ed  services.  There  is  no  fooling  about  this 
situation.  I  am  appealing  to  you  with  all 
the  force  at  my  command,  to  act  and  act 
now! 


turn  out  to  be  an  important  historical  docu¬ 
ment.  These  authors  sense  the  importance  of 
striving  to  preserve  through  these  changes  the 
integrity  of  a  sound  self-sustaining  agriculture 
based  on  the  resident  ownership  of  the  land,  a 
feeling  of  responsibility  for  its  continued  fertility 
and  a  sense  of  trusteeship  for  all  the  little  boys 
who  helped  with  the  farm  work  as  soon  as  they 
could  walk,  had  a  good  time  doing  it,  and  were 
the  better  men  for  having  done  it.” 

When  these  stories  were  running  serially  in 
American  Agriculturist,  the  authors  received 
over  a  thousand  letters  from  readers  whose  own 
memories  had  been  set  to  “remembering  when.” 

What  better  Christmas  present  could  you 
make  to  friends  than  copies  of  this  book?  What 
better  addition  can  you  make  to  your  library 
than  a  book  which  preserves  the  history  and  the 
memories  of  those  good  times  “when  life  was 
sweet”?  The  beautifully  bound  and  illustrated 
book  can  be  had  for  only  $2.50.  Address  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist ,  Department  DB,  Ithaca,  New 
York. 

FINE  JOB 

HE  PEOPLE  of  Tompkins  County,  New 
York,  are  very  proud  of  the  fact  that  they 
have  just  completed  a  Community  and  War 
Chest  campaign  raising  a  total  of  over  $120,000, 
which  is  more  than  double  any  sum  for  a  sim¬ 
ilar  purpose  ever  raised  by  them  before,  and 
$16,000  more  than  the  goal  that  was  set  when 
the  campaign  began. 

The  War  Chest  part  of  the  money  raised  by 
the  county  as  a  whole  will  be  given  to  the  USO 
and  the  various  war  relief  agencies,  such  as  the 
British,  Russian,  Greek,  Chinese,  Polish,  and 
Dutch  War  Relief,  and  also  includes  enough  for 
a  Christmas  present  to  every  Tompkins  County 
boy  in  the  armed  services.  The  Ithaca  Commun¬ 
ity  Chest  share  of  the  fund  will  be  used  to  sup¬ 
port  Ithaca’s  local  organizations  and  institutions 
like  the  hospitals,  YMCA,  etc.,  to  help  make  the 
community  a  better  place  in  which  to  live. 

This  splendid  achievement  was  made  possible 
by  the  generosity  of  the  people,  plus  a  tremend¬ 
ous  amount  of  time,  hard  work,  and  personal 
sacrifice  on  the  part  of  hundreds  of  public-spirit¬ 
ed  workers,  led  by  Harry  G.  Stutz,  publisher  of 
the  Ithaca  Journal,  and  Claude  L.  Kulp,  Super¬ 
intendent  of  the  Ithaca  Public  Schools,  who  took 
time  from  their  regular  work  and  business  to 
organize  the  campaign  and  canvass  every  per¬ 
son  and  every  business  in  the  county. 

A  similar  splendid  job  was  done  in  almost 
every  county  in  the  United  States,  and  is  the 
best  proof  there  is  that  local  communities  can 
take  care  of  most  of  their  own  problems  and 
help  a  lot  with  the  other  fellow’s  problems  if 
they  are  given  a  chance. 

EASTMAN’S  CHESTNUT 

RIEND  F.  J.  Lingham,  President  of  the  Fed¬ 
eral  Mills  at  Lockport,  New  York,  tells  a 
story  about  an  Admiral  who  visited  a  naval  offi¬ 
cers’  training  school.  He  asked  one  of  the  rather 
new  students  to  chart  their  whereabouts. 

After  a  long  while,  the  student  handed  him 
the  result  of  his  calculations.  The  Admiral  look¬ 
ed  at  it,  and  immediately  took  off  his  hat. 

“Why  do  you  do  that?”  he  was  asked. 

“Well,  this  chart  shows  that  we  are  in  West¬ 
minster  Abbey,  and  if  that’s  the  case,  I  cer¬ 
tainly  should  remove  my  hat!” 

Fred  adds  that  he  told  this  story  to  his  son 
and  applied  it  to  the  training  school  at  Harvard, 
for  his  son  is  a  Harvard  man. 


AMFRlf  AN  AGRICIJI  TUR1ST  Volume  139  No  23  SUBSCRIPTION  PRICE,  $.50  a  Year,  $1.00  for  2  Years.  $2.00  for  4  Years,  $3.00  for  6  Years,  payable  in  advance.  Published  every  nthei 
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T 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  5,  1942 


B  (643) 


National  Grange  States  Position 
on  Farm  Labor,  Food  Production 

By  Jl.  B. 


MORE  THAN  a  third  of  all  the 
resolutions  that  came  before  the 
National  Grange  Convention  dealt  with 
the  farm  labor  shortage  in  one  way  or 
another.  From  these  and  from  the 
discussion  of  delegates  from  37  states 
it  was  apparent  at  once  that  this  was 
the  chief  worry  of  farmers. 

Therefore,  the  Convention’s  declara¬ 
tions  on  this  subject  are  summed  up 
as  follows: 

1.  Farm  prices  should  be  high 
enough  to  enable  farmers  to  pay  wages 
for  skilled  farm  labor  in  competition 
with  industry.  The  Grange  could  find 
no  formula,  short  of  universal  con¬ 
scription,  for  placing  men  on  farms 
and  making  them  stay  there  when 
they  could  work  shorter  hours  for 
higher  pay  in  war  industries. 

2.  If  universal  service  is  necessary 
to  winning  the  war,  then  it  should  be 
applied  to  all  branches  of  industry,  to 
capital,  property  and  all  labor,  as  well 
as  to  men  called  to  the  armed  forces. 

3.  Deferment  by  the  Selective  Serv¬ 
ice  of  necessary  men  on  dairy,  live¬ 
stock  and  poultry  farms  is  a  step  in 
the  right  direction,  but  needs  to  be  ap¬ 
plied  to  other  types  of  farm  produc¬ 
tion  necessary  toward  winning  the  war 
and  feeding  the  people. 

4.  The  delegates  were  not  satisfied 
that  the  United  States  Employment 
Service  had  recognized  the  labor  re¬ 
quirements  of  agriculture.  Unless 
there  is  immediate  assurance  that  ex¬ 
perienced  farm  workers  will  be  placed 
on  farms,  the  Convention  instructed 
its  executive  committee  to  demand,-  in 
the  interest  of  the  war  effort,  that 
placement  of  such  workers  be  trans¬ 
ferred  to  some  other  agency. 

Two  immediate  steps  toward  obtain¬ 
ing  an  honest  and  realistic  parity 
price  for  farm  products  were  urged  by 
the  Grange  as  follows: 

1.  Include  the  cost  of  all  farm  labor, 
including  that  of  members  of  the  farm 
family,  in  the  index  of  farm  costs. 

2.  Include  current  price  levels,  rath¬ 
er  than  those  of  30  years  ago,  in  the 
parity  formula. 

As  a  third  step,  but  one  which  ad¬ 
mittedly  could  not  be  taken  without 
considerable  research  and  study,  the 
Grange  asked  Congress  to  determine 
agriculture’s  proper  share  of  the  na¬ 
tional  income,  and  methods  for  its 
equitable  distribution  among  various 
commodities. 

About  price  ceilings,  the  Grange  de¬ 
clared  that  “any  ceiling  which  has  the 
effect  of  reducing  farm  prices  below 
cost  levels  will  result  in  curtailed  pro¬ 
duction,  food  shortages  and  increased 
costs  to  consumers.” 

Subsidies  to  be  paid  in  attempts  to 
hold  down  the  general  price  level  to 
consumers  were  declared  to  be  unjust 
and  unsound.  It  was  pointed  out  that 
such  subsidies  add  to  the  national  debt, 
conceal  costs,  delay  correction  of  ex¬ 
cessive  spending  of  public  funds,  pro¬ 
mote  inefficiency  and  leave  the  way 
open  for  political  abuse.  Also  it  was 
pointed  out  that  while  such  payments 
actually  are  subsidies  to  consumers, 
most  persons  believe  they  are  sub¬ 
sidies  to  farmers. 

formula  ignores  costs 

In  the  recent  Congressional  hearings 
in  Washington,  the  Grange  and  other 
farm  organizations  contended  that  the 
parity  formula  ignored  the  greatest 
cost  of  farm  production — the  cost  of 
farm  labor — which  had  risen  by  leaps 
and  bounds  during  the  past  two  years. 
The  convention  reiterated  this  view, 
but  it  is  significant  that  the  Grange 


resolution  asks  that  “all”  farm  labor 
be  figured  in  farm  costs.  This  recog¬ 
nizes  the  principle  that  is  so  often 
ignored  by  city  persons  as  it  relates 
to  farmers — that  farm  women,  children 
and  even  farm  owners  are  entitled  to  a 
fair  wage  for  their  labors. 

On  the  subject  of  price  ceilings,  the 
Grange  asked  four  specific  things: 

1.  Flexible  ceilings  that  will  give 
producers  assurance  of  equality  in  pur¬ 
chasing  power  with  their  fellow  Am¬ 
ericans  who  work  in  industry. 

2.  Equitable  treatment  of  the  differ¬ 
ent  commodities  produced,  as  between 
seasons  and  regions. 

.  3.  Regulations  which  treat  all  groups 
of  population  alike,  and  which  will  limit 
wages,  costs,  margins  or  profits  by 
handlers  or  processors  so  that  pyra¬ 
miding  of  costs  or  margins  that  would 


THE  BRONCHO 

W.  E.  EL  WOOD, 

Newark  Valley,  N.  Y. 

( Number  Ten ) 

ONE  OF  the  most  exciting  experi¬ 
ences  of  my  boyhood  days,  one 
which  might  have  become  a  tragic  ex¬ 
perience,  had  to  do  with  a  broncho 
that  came  from  the  West  in  a  carload 
received  in  a  nearby  village.  His  color 
was  black,  a  white  stripe  full  length 
of  his  face,  and  four  white  “stockings.” 
He  was  some  two  hundred  pounds 
heavier  than  the  average  cow  pony, 
and  the  finest  specimen  of  his  kind  I 
ever  saw. 

During  haying,  two  men  we  knew 


lower  returns  to  farmers  may  be  pre¬ 
vented. 

4.  Immediate  repeal  of  the  price-ceil¬ 
ing  law  when  the  emergency  ends. 

WOULD  DATE  TAX  LAWS 

Recognizing  that  new  taxes  are  be¬ 
ing  levied  and  old  taxes  increased  for 
specific  war  purposes,  the  convention 
declared  that  when  the  specific  needs 
are  ended  the  new  tax  laws  should  be 
self-repealing.  No  attempt  was  made 
to  deny  that  high  taxation  may  be 
needed  after  the  war  to  pay  public 
debts,  but  this  was  considered  some¬ 
thing  for  future  legislation.  It  was 
felt  that  the  country  should  not  be 
placed  in  the  position  of  using  war 
taxation  for  other  purposes  than  speci¬ 
fied  at  the  time  of  levying. 

Equally  emphatic  was  the  declara¬ 
tion  that  there  should  be  no  loopholes 
in  tax  laws,  but  the  Grange  said  care 
should  be  taken  to  see  that  the  tax 
load  does  not  fall  unfairly  on  small  in¬ 
comes.  It  favored  the  principle  of  al¬ 
lowing  limited  deductions  for  purchase 
of  War  Bonds,  and  for  payment  for 
( Continued  on  Page  20) 


brought  him  to  the  farm  and  asked  if 
they  could  turn  him  in  our  pasture. 
Father  told  them  they  could  and,  on 
leaving,  they  said  they  had  used  him 
and  that  if  we  cared  to,  we  might  do 
the  same.  He  was  shod  and  we  took 
it  for  granted  that  he  was  all  right. 

It  was  a  week  or  two  before  we 
gave  any  thought  to  using  him.  Our 
folks  made  butter,  which  they  con¬ 
tracted  to  deliver  once  each  week  to 
a  nearby  village.  The  day  for  deliv¬ 
ering  our  butter  came,  and  inasmuch 
as  we  wanted  to  bring  back  quite  a  load 
of  supplies,  father  told  me  to  get  up 
the  broncho  and  hitch  him  with  a 
rather  fine  chestnut  road  horse  we  had 


The  Amateur  Poet’s 
Corner 


Because  of  the  number  of  contributions 
we  do  not  return  poems  not  published 
Keep  a  copy  of  your  poem. 

Send  poems  to  Poetry  Editor,  American 
Agriculturist,  P.  O.  Box  367,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

ONE  TO  PRAY 

The  circle  narrowed,  one  by  one, 
Since  the  custom  was  begun 
Of  holding  hands  and  saying  grace, 
Each  in  his  respective  place. 

One  by  one  they  went  away, 

The  circle  narrowing  day  by  day; 
First  one,  then  two,  three  and  four, 
Each  to  take  his  place  in  war. 

And  now  just  two  of  them  are  there 
To  say  a  homely  little  prayer  .... 
But  circles  never  shrink  away 
As  long  as  there  is  one  to  pray. 

.  — Lawrence  J.  Smith, 

Broumwood,  Texas. 


to  a  light  lumber  wagon. 

We  could  not  catch  him  so  we  ran 
him  into  the  barn  and  into  a  box  stall 
and  there  I  got  hold  of  him.  I  had  no 
great  difficulty  in  getting  him  and  the 
sorrel  harnessed  and  hitched,  and  we 
started  for  town. 

Things  went  well  until  we  met  a 
girl  on  horseback.  Then  for  reasons 
that  only  a  broncho  would  know,  he 
began  to  kick  and  did  one  of  the  most 
finished  jobs  of  kicking  any  horse 
ever  did. 

He  kicked  over  the  tongue  and  back 
again,  then  over  again,  striking  the 
sorrel  on  the  leg  every  time  he  kicked. 

Father  told  me  to  cut  the  sorrel  loose 
if  possible  and  this  I  succeeded  in  do¬ 
ing,  the  black  continuing  to  kick  and 
scream  so  he  could  be  heard  for  a 
mile,  and  frothing  at  the  mouth  like  a 
mad  dog. 

Father  got  hold  of  his  head  and  then 
I  saw  one  of  the  greatest  fights  any 
man  ever  had  with  a  horse.  I  stood 
by,  unable  to  help  in  any  way.  Father, 
clinging  to  the  broncho’s  head,  eventu¬ 
ally  got  a  twist  on  it  and  threw  him. 
I  can  see  father  today,  after  fifty 
years,  sitting  there  in  the  middle  of 
the  road  on  that  black  brute’s  head, 
nearly  exhausted. 

After  a  few  minutes  of  having  his 
head  held  to  the  ground,  that  fighting 
demon  lost  all  desire  to  fight.  I  got 
a  rope  on  his  neck,  and  then  he  was 
allowed  to  get  up,  quiet  as  a  lamb. 

Father  began  to  take  inventory  of 
himself.  I  can  still  see  the  expression 
on  his  face  as  he  slowly  lifted  one 
hand  and  looked  at  it  for  a  moment. 
Most  of  the  skin  on  back  of  his  hand 
was  gone,  and  clearly  to  be  seen  were 
the  marks  of  the  teeth  of  that  black 
demon.  He  evidently  had  made  a  grab 
at  father’s  hand  and  I  shudder  as  I 
think  what  might  have  happened  if  he 
had  succeeded  in  getting  the  hand  in 
his  mouth. 

One  of  father’s  feet  was  bare,  both 
shoe  and  sock  gone.  As  the  black  was 
shod,  probably  one  of  his  caulks  had 
caught.  I  had  often  heard  the  state¬ 
ment,  “he  had  his  socks  kicked  off”, 
but  I  had  never  seen  it  done  before. 

We  were  only  a  short  distance  be¬ 
yond  our  pasture,  where  a  brown  mare 
was  grazing.  I  took  the  black  back, 
turned  him  loose,  caught  the  mare,  and 
eventually  delivered  our  butter  in 
town. 

We  later  learned  that  the  men  who 
brought  us  the  black  broncho  failed  in 
their  attempt  to  drive  him;  in  fact, 
they  did  not  dare  get  close  enough  to 
him  to  hook  the  outside  trace.  They 
used  a  stick  with  a  hook.  Yet  they 
brought  him  to  us  and  failed  to  tell  ua 
that  he  was  subject  to  spells  during 
which  he  was  a  demon  and  a  killer. 


'/T3  j 


ijtSong  Q^the  Lazy  rarjji 


J  DIDN’T  sleep  a 


wink  last 
night,  for  two  days  I  ain’t 
had  a  bite;  all  I  can  do  is 
moan  and  shake  with  my 
Thanksgiving  stomach-ache. 
I  ought  to  be  ashamed,  I 
know,  apparently  I’ll  ne’er 
outgrow  my  liking  for  the 
year’s  big  meal,  I  ate  until 
I  couldn’t  squeal.  I  made 
away  with  two  mince  pies, 
Mirandy’s  sure  do  take  the 
prize,  but  pastry  we  have 
had  to  shun  since  sugar  ra¬ 
tioning  was  begun.  That  tur¬ 
key  never  had  a  chance  when 
I  launched  my  blitzkrieg  ad¬ 
vance;  before  that  bird  had 
all  been  carved  the  hired 
man  was  durned  near  starv¬ 
ed.  A  pound  or  two  of  mash¬ 
ed  up  spuds,  with  gravy  over 
them  in  floods,  cranberries, 
dressing,  peas  and  yams — I 
even  had  four  kinds  of  jams. 

My  neighbor  told  me  that 
this  year  he  could  not  see  so 
much  to  cheer — so  that  guy 
didn’t  celebrate,  I  guess  beef  stew  was  all  he  ate.  Now  that  bird’s  crazy 
as  can  be,  we’ve  plenty  thanks  to  give,  by  gee;  this  ain’t  no  time  to  sit  and 
mope,  I’m  goin’  to  shout  and  cheer  and  hope.  There’s  lots  we  can  be  thank¬ 
ful  for,  there  ain’t  a  Jap  upon  our  shore,  the  emperor,  and  Adolf  too,  will 
soon  discover  that  they’nf  thru.  We’re  buildin’  guns  and  ships  and  planes, 
we’re  growin’  more  of  meats  and  grains,  and  all  those  boys  in  uniform 
are  goin’  to  kick  up  quite  a  storm.  Our  folks  are  set  to  sacrifice,  we’re  not 
afraid  to  pay  the  price,  we’re  buyin’  bonds  and  payin’  tax  to  gwe  those 
Axis  boys  the  ax.  No  sir,  by  gosh,  I  can’t  complain  despite  terrific  tummy 
pain;  of  course,  the  biggest  thing  I  cheer,  Thanksgiving  comes  but  once 
this  year. 


GROWING  UP  IN  THE 
HORSE  AND  BUGGY  DAYS 

—  True  Stories  By  Our  Readers  — 


(644)  6 


Aj  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  5,  1942 


Here’s  a  Coast 
Guard  Officer  who 
protects  our 
shores.  To 
keep  alert  he 
needs  good  food— 


Here’s  a  farmer 
who  will  supply 
the  food - 


BH 


Here 1  s  a  Sinclair  Agent 
who  can  help  the  farmer 
How?  By  supplying  the 
correct  lubricants 
and  fuels  to  keep  farm 
equipment  running. 


RAISING  BUMPER  CROPS  for  war  means  that  farm 
equipment  must  be  maintained  better  than  ever 
before.  To  do  this  job,  your  nearest 
Sinclair  Agent  offers  you  dependable  Sinclair 
lubricants  and  fuels.  Phone  or  write  him 
today.  His  truck  delivers  direct  to  farms. 


CARE  FOR  YOUR  CAR  -  FOR  YOUR  COUNTRY 


TIME  WELL  SPENT 

Time  taken  to  read  the  advertise¬ 
ments  in  AMERICAN  AGRICUL¬ 
TURIST  is  time  well  spent — for  there 
is  no  better  way  to  keep  well  inform¬ 
ed  on  new  thing’s  on  the  market, 
what  to  buy  at  what  price  and  where 
to  go  to  get  what  you  want.  When 
you  answer  an  “ad”,  be  sure  to  men¬ 
tion  the  name  of 

.Americas  Agriculturist 


George  A.  Parker,  Box  55,  Amherst,  N.  Hamp. 


ONE-MAN  TRACTOR  SAW 


350  Cuts 
a  Minute 


Driven  through  safety  clutch  control  from  any 
power  take  off.  A  special  heavy  stiff  saw  blade 
fells  trees,  cuts  large  and  small  logs.  Built  to  last. 

Cut  Wood  the  Fast  Easy  Way 

Make  big  money  sawing  wood  while  fuel  is 
high.  Turn  your  wood  lot  into  cash.  Help 
save  other  fuels  needed  to  win  the  war. 

OTTAWA  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

1331  Forest  Ave.  Ottawa,  Kans. 


STRAWBERRIES 

PAY  ALLEN’S  berry  book 

*  *  describes  best  early,  me¬ 

dium,  late  and  everbearing  varie¬ 
ties.  Tells  how  to  grow  big  lus¬ 
cious  berries  for  home  and  mar¬ 
ket.  Copy  Free.  Write  Today. 

W.  F.  ALLEN  COMPANY 
17  W.  Market  St.,  Salisbury,  Md. 


*7Ae  2ueAti04t  Bcmc 

a  —  i-i.»  ■  ■  i.  ■  —i  .  —  ■—  — 


TOO  MUCH  FIBRE 

I  have  a  considerable  quantity  of  sun¬ 
flower  seed.  Is  this  a  good  feed  for  hogs? 

Sunflower  seed  is  too  high  in  fibre 
to  be  good  hog  feed.  Henry’s  “Feeds 
and  Feeding”  gives  the  fibre  content 
of  sunflower  seeds  as  27.9%.  Some 
poultry  growers  consider  sunflower 
seeds  as  good  for  chickens,  although 
even  here  the  fibre  content  is  too  high 
for  them  to  make  up  any  considerable 
part  of  the  scratch  feed.  I  think  you 
will  be  further  ahead  to  sell  your  sun¬ 
flower  seed  to  some  poultryman  and 
buy  a  more  suitable  feed  for  your  hogs. 

— A.  A.— 

BARLEY 

How  does  barley  compare  with  oats  as 
a  horse  feed? 

Bushel  for  bushel,  barley  is  more 
valuable  that  oats.  On  a  pound  for 
pound  basis,  the  two  are  closely  com¬ 
parable.  A  good  roughage,  plus  ten 
pounds  of  barley,  will  keep  a  thousand- 
pound  horse,  doing*  moderate  work,  in 
good  condition.  Barley  has  a  tendency 
to  be  a  bit  sticky.  Sometimes  it  is 
recommended  that  it  be  rolled  when  it 
is  fed  to  horses. 

— a.  a. — 

LIME  FOR  "SOYS” 

This  year  I  grew  some  soybeans  for  the 
first  time.  They  did  not  produce  as  well 
as  I  expected,  and  some  of  my  neighbors 
tell  me  that  the  inoculant  I  used  prob¬ 
ably  was  no  good.  How  can  I  check  on 
this? 

The  quality  of  inoculants  is  checked 
carefully  by  State  Departments  of 
Agriculture;  and  if  you  bought  your 
inoculant  last  spring,  we  are  sure  that 
this  was  not  the  cause  of  your  trouble. 
A  much  more  probable  cause  is  that 
the  land  was  not  sufficiently  well  sup¬ 
plied  with  lime. 

We  heard  the  other  day  of  a  man  in 
New  Jersey  whose  soybean  crop  was 
very  good  at  the  edge  of  the  field  and 
poor  over  all  of  the  rest.  On  checking 
up,  he  found  that  years  ago  the  spot 
where  the  soybeans  flourished  bad 
been  the  site  of  an  old  road  with  an 
oyster-shell  base  and  was  well  supplied 
with  lime. 

—  A.  A. — 

SOFT  KRAUT 

The  sauerkraut  we  made  this  fall  seems 
to  be  rather  soft.  Can  you  tell  me  the 
cause? 

Probably  you  used  an  insufficient 
amount  of  salt.  For  example,  we  do 
not  advise  the  use  of  ordinary  table 
salt.  Too  frequently  enough  materials 
have  been  added  to  this  in  order  to 
make  it  free-running  to  make  it  im¬ 
possible  to  judge  how  much  to  use  in 
making  kraut.  The  rule  is  to  use  1  lb. 
of  salt  for  each  40  lbs.  of  cabbage. 

— a.  a. — 

GRAIN  FOR  COWS 

How  accurate  are  rule-of-thumb  meth¬ 
ods  for  feeding  grain  to  dairy  cows?  1 
refer  to  the  common  recommendation  to 
feed  1  lb.  ot  grain  to  from  2 y2  to  4  lbs.  of 
milk,  depending  on  its  richness. 

In  general  this  rule  gives  the  high 
producers  too  little  and  the  poor  pro¬ 
ducers  too  much.  One  way  to  over¬ 
come  this  disadvantage  is  to  weigh  the 
milk  and  increase  the  grain  given  to 
sach  cow  so  long  as  it  results  in  a 
satisfactdly  increase.  This  will  give 
the  cow  an  opportunity  to  produce  up 
to  her  inherited  capacity. 

Another  rule  sometimes  used  is  to 
give  Holsteins  .4  lb.  of  grain  for  each 
pound  of  milk  over  16  lbs.;  give  Ayr- 
shires  and  Brown  Swiss  .45  lb.  of  grain 
for  each  pound  of  milk  over  14  lbs.; 


give  Guernseys  .55  lb.  of  grain  for  each 
pound  of  milk  over  12  lbs.;  and  give 
Jerseys  .6  lb.  of  grain  for  each  pound 
of  milk  they  give  over  10  lbs. 

— a.  a. — 

BEAN  WEEVILS 

Is  there  any  way  of  treating  a  small 
amount  of  beans  to  control  bean  weevils 
other  than  the  usual  carbon  bisulphide 
treatment? 

Yes.  You  can  heat  small  amounts 
of  beans  (up  to  a  bushel)  for  30  min¬ 
utes  at  130  degrees  F.  This  treatment 
has  been  found  to  be  very  effective  in 
the  control  of  weevils. 

— a.  a. — 

FEED  CONSUMPTION 

•  How  much  feed  will  a  hundred  White 
Leghorns  eat  in  a  day? 

Tests  have  shown  that  it  takes  about 
22  lbs.  of  feed  for  maintenance  for  Leg¬ 
horns  and  about  25  lbs.  a  day  for  heavi¬ 
er  breeds.  When  they  are  in  produc¬ 
tion,  a  hundred  hens  will  need  about  1 
lb.  a  day  more  for  every  10%  increase 
in  production. 

— A.  A.— 

ANEMIA 

I  read  somewhere  that  some  sort  of  an 
iron  solution  should  be  given  to  young 
pigs  to  prevent  anemia.  Can  you  give 
me  the  material  and  how  to  use  it? 

The  material  is  ordinary  copperas 
(iron  sulphate).  You  dissolve  1  lb.  of 
this  in  3  qts.  of  water,  and  swab  the 
sow’s  udder  with  it  once  a  day.  In 
this  way,  they  will  get  enough  iron  to 
prevent  anemia. 

— a.  a. — 

PESTS 

We  recently  bought  a  place  and  have 
since  discovered  coekroaches  in  cup¬ 
boards  and  around  the  sink.  Do  you  think 
they  might  be  in  the  walls  also,  and  can 
you  tell  us  how  to  get  rid  of  them?— 
Mrs.  L.  R.,  New  York. 

The  State  College  of  Agriculture  has 
bulletin  E-202  “Common  Insects  of 
the  Household”  which  you  can  get  by 
writing  to  the  Mailing  Room,  College 
of  Agriculture,  Ithaca,  New  York.  This 
bulletin  is  free  to  residents  of  New 
York  State,  although  non-residents 
must  send  5c  with  their  orders. 

— a.  a. — 

STOVE-WOOD 

“I  have  some  standing  timber  that  I 
am  planning  to  sell  for  lumber.  Are  there 
any  figures  that  would  help  me  estimate 
how  many  cords  of  stovewood  I  am  likely 
to  get  from  tops  and  unsalable  logs?” 

You  can  follow  a  rough  rule  that  you 
will  get  from  five  to  seven  cords  of 
wood,  stove  length,  for  every  1,000  ft. 
of  lumber  that  are  taken  out. 


“I’m  not  sure  where  Willie  is, 
Mrs.  Jones.  If  the  ice  is  os  thick 
as  HE  thinks  it  is,  he’s  skating. 
If  it’s  as  thin  as  I  think  it  is,  he’s 
swimming !” 


Ar  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  5,  1942 


1  (645) 


wokton-s 


I  Mortons) 


C”  Saut°»  • 

ait,  sage  penT  Seasoning. 

«■')'  Wmdfd  and”d  '?'>• 

“  "i*  the  t 

'"8CofeTS"°*  '  •  SSe 


Man'MJAT  THE  SAFE 

MORTON  IV4  y 


Shant  Gutb 


FOR  LONG  PRICES 


<£<^  %/.  Mitchell 


FELLOWS  —  I  think  maybe  I  have^ 
found  out  how  to  make  money' 
farming:  raise  wages  to  equal  the  high¬ 
est  being  paid  by  competing  bidders 
for  your  labor  (probably  some  war  in¬ 
dustry  or  government  project) ;  then 
fire  the  help  (if  they  have  not  already 
quit),  and  do  all  the  work  yourself. 
This  will  give  you  time  and  a  half  or 
double  time,  which  you  probably  put 
in  anyway,  and  according  to  the  labor 
laws  and  union  wage  scales  should  run 
up  to  a  much  better  day’s  pay  than 
you  can  get  off  the  farm  in  any  other 
way.  It  will  automatically  cut  pro¬ 
duction  without  plowing  anything  un¬ 
der  or  killing  baby  pigs  and  relieve 
you  of  all  labor  troubles  except  a  tired 
back. 

Some  may  argue  that  it  doubles  the 
trouble  we  all  face  when  pay  time 
comes  Saturday  night that’s  not  so. 
It  cuts  it  in  half.  Saturday  nights  that 
you  can’t  meet  the  payroll  but  want 
to  get  the  help  back  on  Monday  morn¬ 
ing,  you  overdraw]  your  bank  account, 
hoping  by  some  miracle  to  beat  the 
checks  back  to  the  bank  with  some 
sort  of  a  deposit;  and  kid  and  coax  the 
help  to  cooperate  in  saving  the  crop: 
but  they  don’t  come  back  except  every 
evening  to  collect  their  overdue  wages. 
By  this  one-man,  owner-do-all-the- 
work  plan  you  don’t  have  to  kid  or  coax 
anybody,  not  even  your  banker,  because 
you  don’t  have  to  draw  the  pay  check 
and  you  have  to  stay  on  the  job  any¬ 
how. 

FIGURING 

There  was  a  farmer  up  in  Vermont 
who  kept  a  careful  cost  account  and 
gradually  eliminated  every  farm  enter¬ 
prise  that  failed  to  show  a  net  profit 
on  the  operation.  Finally  he  got  to 
the  point  where  his  only  expense  was 
taxes;  if  he  could  get  rid  of  those  he 
felt  sure  he  must  show  a  profit  on  the 
farm  because  he  had  eliminated  all 
other  expense.  To  do  that  he  burned 
down  the  buildings  and  reforested  all 
the  land,  to  make  it  tax  exempt,  hired 
out  to  a  neighbor,  &■»  1  makes  a  net 
profit  from  his  farm  equal  to  what  he 
was  losing  plus  the  value  of  whatever 
wood  grows  each  year. 

But  all  kidding  aside,  mounting  costs 
of  production  and  distribution  make  it 
increasingly  difficult  to  make  a  farm 
pay,  especially  an  apple  farm.  It  costs 
roughly  50c  to  produce  a  bushel  of 
apples;  about  50c  to  get  it  from  the 
tree  to  market;  and  $1.00  seems  to  be 
about  all  the  market  is  willing  to  let 
tho  grower  have.  Prices  quoted  that 
are  higher,  usually  represent  added 


CTORY 
BUY 

UNITED 
STATES 
WAR 

BONDS 

AND 

STAMPS 


costs  for  storage  and  passing  through 
the  hands  of  several  middlemen.  You 
can’t  keep  on  indefinitely  just  swap¬ 
ping  dollars  with  yourself  and  buy 
many  war  bonds  or  lay  away  a  nest 
egg  for  old  age  or  depletion  of  plant. 

RETAIL  SELLING 

Here  in  the  Northeast,  we  are  more 
fortunate  than  most  sections  because 
most  of  us  can  make  some  retail  sales 
and  get  some  of  the  spread  between 
producer  and  consumer  that  usually 
goes  to  spread  some  other  fellow’s 
bread;  and  with  roadside  stands,  ped¬ 
dling  to  stores,  standing  on  the  market 
and  haggling  with  trucker  buyers  we 
often  get  that  little  bit  of  extra  margin 
that  keeps  us  afloat.  But  it  is  not  a 
safe  or  sound  basis  on  which  to  run  a 


business.  We  must  develop  better 
methods  of  packing  and  distribution  to 
cut  costs;  increase  consumption  by  ad¬ 
vertising;  lower  retail  prices  and  better 
goods;  and  above  all,  develop  by¬ 
products  to  use  up  that  part  of  the 
crop  that  now  goes  to  waste  or  is  sold 
at  a  loss.  The  waste  on  the  farms  in 
America  is  tremendous,  and  would  be 
considered  criminal  in  any  other  land; 
it  should  be  conserved  and  made  into 
some  useful  product. 

Inasmuch  as  we  all  will  have  to  fig¬ 
ure  up  our  books  for  income  taxes,  we 
might  as  well  do  some  figuring  on  ways 
and  means  to  make  some  “‘short  cuts 
to  longer  prices.”  We  pay  longer 
prices  for  labor,  supplies  and  overhead, 
and  we  must  get  longer  prices  for  our 
crops  or  go  out  of  the  farming  busi¬ 
ness.  Cooperative  selling  may  be  part 
of  the  answer. 

Experience  shows  that  co-ops  spring 
up  like  a  crop  of  weeds  whenever  times 
get  bad,  and  fade  away  and  fold  up 
when  times  get  better,  just  as  plants 
do  with  frost  in  the  fall.  This  has 
lessened  our  faith  in  cooperative  ef¬ 
forts,  but  maybe  it  has  given  us  enough 
valuable  experience  to  make  up  some 
of  that  loss.  In  any  case,  we  must  im¬ 
prove  our  marketing  and  no  one  can 


it  for  ourselves. 

We  must  discover  or  make  some 
short  cuts  to  longer  prices  and  now  is 
the  time  to  start  to  do  it. 

—  A.  A. — 

HYBRID  SEED  CORN 

Prior  to  the  year  1939,  no  Corn  Belt 
state  had  made  an  average  yield  of 
50  bushels  of  corn  to  the  acre.  This 
past  year,  Ohio,  Indiana  and  Illinois 
have  yields  estimated  at  from  54  to  55 
bushels  per  acre,  and  in  Iowa  the  yield 
may  go  as  high  as  61  bushels. 

While  good  weather  has  had  some 
effect  on  these  increases,  the  main 
reason  is  the  growing  use  of  hybrid 
seed  corn.  Although  increased  yields 
of  corn  in  silage  growing  areas,  such 
as  the  Northeast,  are  more  difficult  to 
measure,  it  is  no  secret  that  farmers 
who  planted  double-crossed  hybrid 
corn  of  a  variety  suitable  for  silage 
have  stepped  up  yields  to  a  point  where 
the  increases  are  comparable  to  those 
recorded  by  the  Com  Belt.  To  some, 
the  cost  of  double-crossed  hybrid  com 
seems  high;  but  when  you  consider  the 
small  amount  of  seed  required  per  acre, 
the  additional  yield  secured  makes  the 
extra  cost  an  excellent  investment. 


'ute  EVERY  POUND 
IS  THOROUGHLY  CURED 

AND  7a//  ofi  'TLo.vol 

THIS  year,  cure  plenty  of  meat  for  your  own 
family  food  supply  .  .  .  but  cure  it  BETTER 
than  ever  before !  Meat  is  too  valuable  to  risk  with 
uncertain  curing  methods. 

More  than  a  million  farmers  have  changed  to  the 
safe,  sure  MORTON  WAY  of  home  meat  curing 
with  Morton’s  Tender-Quick  and  Morton’s  Sugar- 
Cure.  These  meat  curing  products  are  complete, 
ready  to  use.  They  contain  salt,  sugars,  spices  and 
fast  super-quality  curing  ingredients,  perfectly  bal¬ 
anced  and  blended.  They  make  the  job  easy  and 
quick  —  give  you  meats  that  are  tender  and  sweet 
—  thoroughly  and  evenly  cured  from  rind  to  bone. 

No  under-cured  or  over-cured  spots,  no  bone  taint,  no 
waste.  Ask  your  dealer  for  Morton’s  Tender-Quick,  Sugar- 
Cure  and  Sausage  Seasoning. 

MORTON  SALT  CO.  •  Chicago,  Illinois 

Finest  Home  Curing-Book  Ever  |  Aa 
Published  ...  100  pages  .  .  . 

POSTPAID 

More  than  200  pictures,  charts,  diagrams — com¬ 
plete  directions  on  how 
to  butcher  pork,  beef, 
lamb  —  how  to  make 
choice  hams,  bacon, 
corned  beef.smoked  tur¬ 
key,  sausage,  etc.  No 
other  book  like  it!  Write 
today.  Send  1 0c  in  coin. 


(640)  8 


At  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  5,  1942 


THE  FARM  NEWS 

A.A.-Grange  Bread  Contest  News 


FIFTY-THREE  loaves  of  homemade 
bread  will  take  a  trip  next  week. 
They’ll  journey  from  every  Grange 
county  in  the  State  to  Syracuse,  for 
the  final  event  in  the  1942  bread 
contest  sponsored  j  ointly  by  New 
York  State  Grange  and  American 
Agriculturist.  The  contest  started  in 
the  Subordinate  Granges  last  spring, 
and  since  then  more  than  three  thou¬ 
sand  loaves  of  bread  have  been  baked 
by  Grangers  for  the  preliminary  local 
and  county  contests.  The  bread  which 
goes  to  Syracuse  will  be  the  handi¬ 
work  of  the  fifty-three  county  winners. 

Judging  of  the  bread  will  take  place 
in  the  Hotel  Syracuse,  on  the  morning 
of  the  first  day  of  State  Grange  An¬ 
nual  Session,  Tuesday,  December  8, 
and  will  begin  promptly  at  10  o’clock. 
All  contestants  have  been  asked  to  get 
their  bread  in  by  Monday  night  or 
early  Tuesday  morning. 

Names  of  winners  will  be  announced 
at  the  Wednesday  morning  session  by 
H.  L.  Cosline,  Associate  Editor  of  Am¬ 
erican  Agriculturist.  To  the  lucky 
first  prize  winner  will  go  a  check  for 
$25.00  from  American  Agriculturist ;  a 
beautiful  Lexington  Coal  and  Wood 
range  from  the  Kalamazoo  Stove  Com¬ 
pany,  and  many  other  prizes  from 


HOW  TO  BUILD 
IN  WINTER  WITH 


CONCRETE 


You  needn’t  wait  ’til  spring  to  do 
farm  concrete  work.  Valuable  war¬ 
time  production  aids  such  as  labor- 
saving  bam  floors,  sanitary  farrow¬ 
ing  floors  and  other  inside  jobs  are 
easily  protected  from  the  weather. 
Precast  watering  troughs  can  be 
built  in  the  bam.  Foundations  can 
be  trenched,  filled  with  straw  to  keep 
out  frost,  and  concrete  placed  any¬ 
time  the  weather  is  above  freezing. 

The  necessary  precautions  for 
winter  concreting  are  simple.  Write 
for  free  instructions  and  plan  now 
to  make  repairs  and  improvements 
as  weather  permits.  Concrete  mate¬ 
rials  are  widely  available.  Reinforc¬ 
ing  steel  seldom  needed. 


PORTLAND  CEMENT  ASSOCIATION 

Dept.  KI2a-l,  347  Madison  Ave.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Send  me  cold  weather  concreting  instructions! 

Name _ 

Street  or  R.  R.  No. _ 

City _ State _ _ 


Mrs.  Charles  Dersam  of  East  Aurora,  N. 
Y.,  who  won  first  prize  in  the  Erie  Coun¬ 
ty  Pomona  Bread  Contest.  Mrs.  Dersam 
is  a  member  of  Griffins  Mills  Grange. 
Her  fine  loaf  scored  9G  per  cent  and  was 
auctioned  off  after  the  contest  for  55c. 

G.L.F.  Products,  Inc.,  General  Foods 
Sales  Co.,  International  Salt  Co.,  and 
Russell-Miller  Milling  Co.  Following 
is  a  complete  list  of  prizes  to  all  win¬ 
ners  : 

State  Bread  Contest  Prizes 

From  American  Agriculturist:  $25  first 
prize ;  $10  second  prize ;  $5  third  prize ; 
?3  fourth  prize;  $2  fifth  prize;  and  $1 
each  to  holders  of  next  15  highest 
scores. 

From  Kalamazoo  Stove  Company,  Kala¬ 
mazoo,  Michigan,  to  holder  of  highest 
score :  A  Lexington  Coal  and  Wood 
Range. 

From  Cooperative  G.L.F.  Farm  Products, 
Inc.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  to  each  of  ten  high¬ 
est  State  winners:  5-lb.  pkg.  G.L.F. 
Patrons’  Pancake  Flour;  3%-lb.  pkg. 
G.L.F.  Cake  Flour;  5-lb.  pkg.  G.L.F. 
Self -Rising  Flour;  1  Case  G.L.F.  Can¬ 
ned  Foods  to  consist  of  products  avail¬ 
able  at  the  time  prize  is  awarded. 
From  General  Foods  Sales  Co.,  Inc.,  New 
York  City,  N.  Y.,  to  each  of  ten  high¬ 
est  State  winners :  $2  in  cash. 

From  International  Salt  Company,  Inc., 
Scranton,  Pennsylvania,  to  each  of  ten 
highest  State  winners :  1  10-lb.  can  Meat 
Salt,  Butcher  Knife. 

From  Russell-Miller  Milling  Company, 
Minneapolis,  Minnesota,  to  each  of  ten 
highest  State  winners :  1  49-lb.  sack  of 
Occident  Flour. 

Here  are  more  names  of  recent  win¬ 
ners  in  Subordinate  and  Pomona 
Grange  bread  contests: 

Subordinate  Grange  Winners 


COUNTY 

GRANGE 

WINNERS 

Cayuga 

Five  Corners 

Mrs. 

Mabel  Corey 

Mentz 

Mrs. 

Hubert  W.  Cooper 

Locke 

Mrs. 

Harry  Abbott 

Chemung 

Sullivanville 

Mrs. 

Maud  Bush 

Dutchess 

Wicoopee 

Mrs. 

Edith  Bush 

Herkimer  v 

Jordanville 

Mrs. 

Ruth  Colman 

Niagara 

Lockport 

Mrs. 

Joseph  Herr 

Newt  an  e 

Mrs. 

William  Seigler 

Orleans 

Barre 

Mrs. 

D.  Ray  Clark 

East  Shelby 

Mrs. 

Mabel  Watson 

Pomona 

Winners 

Cattaraugus 

North  Otto 

Mrs. 

Ida  Perkins 

Cayuga 

Locke 

Mrs. 

Harry  Abbott 

Chemung 

Big  Flats 

Mrs. 

Herbert  A.  Hammond 

Chenango 

Coventry 

Mrs. 

Ellis  Ingersoll 

Columbia 

Copake 

Mrs.  Stephen  MacIntyre 

Essex 

Lake  Placid 

Mrs. 

C.  Walter  Goff 

Fulton 

Crum  Creek 

Mrs. 

Ethel  Reese 

Genesee 

Elba 

Mrs. 

Kenneth  Dorman _ 

Greene 

Echo 

Miss  Margaret  Hallock 

Herkimer 

Paines  Hollow 

Mrs. 

John  Vrooman 

Niagara 

Newfane 

Mrs. 

Wm.  F.  Seigler 

Orange- 

Rockland 

Montgomery 

Mrs. 

Jennie  K.  Andrews 

Orleans 

Gaines 

Mrs. 

Esther  Hollenbeck 

Rensselaer 

Pittstown 

Mrs. 

Allen  R.  Herrick 

Schenectady  Glenridge 

Mrs. 

Thos.  Trevithick 

Tioga 

Berkshire 

Mrs. 

Peter  Ceuter 

T  ompkins 

Enfield  Valley 

Mrs. 

Leon  Rothermich 

Saratoga 

Mohawk  Valley 

Mrs. 

R.  D.  Putnam 

Steuben 

Bath 

Mrs. 

George  Ames 

St.  Lawrence  Rensselaer  Falls 

Mrs.  Cecil  Chambers 

,  — A.  A. — 

GOOD  HOLSTEIN  RECORD 

The  Holstein  herd  of  Warner  A. 
Moore,  Ghent,  Columbia  County,  New 
York,  made  an  excellent  record  for  the 


month  of  September.  The  average  pro¬ 
duction  of  1,144  lbs.  of  milk  and  45.2 
lbs.  of  butterfat  made  it  the  high  herd 
for  the  month  among  Dairy  Herd  Im¬ 
provement  Associations  in  the  state. 
For  the  past  eight  years,  the  herd  has 
maintained  a  record  of  more  than  450 
lbs.  of  butterfat  per  cow.  In  two  years, 
the  record  went  up  to  500  lbs. 

During  the  month  of  September,  14 
herd  sires  in  the  state  were  tested  by 
records  of  their  daughters  through  the 
305-day  Dairy  Herd  Improvement  As¬ 
sociation  records  in  the  state.  Of  these, 
only  6  had  daughters  with  productions 
averaging  better  than  their  dams,  the 
other  8  failing  even  to  maintain  the 
herd  average. 

— a.  a. — 

SIXTY  THOUSAND* 
STRONG 

The  County  Farm  Bureau  member¬ 
ship  drives  were  unusually  successful 
this  year,  showing  that  farmers  appre¬ 
ciate  the  excellent  work  this  organiza¬ 
tion  has  done.  Complete  results  are  not 
yet  available,  but  reports  to  date  from 
17  counties  show  an  increase  of  1,304 
members  over  1942  membership.  This 
would  indicate  that  there  will  be  a 
membership  of  approximately  60,000  in 
1943,  compared  with  52,000  in  1942. 
This  will  be  the  second  largest  mem¬ 
bership  on  record.  Total  membership  in 
the  state  has  more  than  doubled  since 
1925,  when  there  were  25,000  members. 

So  far,  the  greatest  single  increase 
was  made  in  Oneida  County,  from  1,378 
in  1942  to  a  little  over  1,700  next  year. 
Onondaga  County  leads  in  total  mem¬ 
bership  to  date,  with  over  2,000  mem¬ 
bers,  while  Oneida  County  is  second 
and  St.  Lawrence  third. 

With  the  many  problems  arising  be¬ 
cause  of  the  war  situation,  the  individ¬ 
ual  farmer  is  helpless  in  presenting  his 
case.  Farm  organizations,  including  the 
Farm  Bureau  and  many  others,  have 
done  an  outstanding  job  in  watching 
the  interests  of  agriculture  and  secur¬ 
ing  changes  in  some  regulations  which 
worked  distinct  hardships. 

— a.  a. — 

SEED  GROWERS  MEET 

On  November  23  and  24,  producers 
of  certified  seed  grains,  potatoes,  and 
vegetable  crop  seeds  in  New  York 
State  attended  the  4th  annual  two-day 
school  for  seed  growers  at  the  State 
College  of  Agriculture  at  Ithaca. 

General  sessions,  under  President 
Bruce  P.  Jones  of  Hall,  included  a  dis¬ 
cussion  of  new  varieties  of  potatoes, 
wheat,  barley,  and  other  seed  crops; 
an  outline  of  the  method  to  determine 
seed  production  costs  by  Professor  Paul 
S.  Williamson;  a  plan  for  advertising 
of  seeds  by  Irving  W.  Ingalls  of  Ameri¬ 
can  Agriculturist ;  and  a  discussion  of 
the  probable  prices  of  farm  crops 
which  affect  demands  for  seed  produc¬ 
tion  by  Professor  Maurice  C.  Bond. 
Separate  group  discussions  were  also 
held. 

Seed  growers  of  the  state  produced 
this  year  more  than  6,000  acres  of  seed 
crops,  and  in  their  annual  school  they 
considered  the  means  of  improving  both 
their  seed  stocks  and  their  total  pro¬ 
duction  of  seed  crops  vital  to  an  im¬ 
proved  agricultural  production. 

— a.  a. — 

VEGETABLE 
TRAINING  COURSES 

Vocational  agricultural  teachers  of 
the  Empire  State  have  recently  at¬ 
tended  eleven  one-day  regional  schools 
for  instruction  in  the  curriculum  of 
the  Rural  War  Production  Training 
Courses  which  are  to  be  made  avail¬ 
able  throughout  the  state.  This  enter¬ 
prise  is  under  the  direction  of  the  Fed¬ 
eral  Out-of-School  Youth  Administra¬ 
tion  and  is  being  administered  by  the 
State  Department  of  Education,  using 
a  liberal  federal  fund  set  aside  for  the 
purpose.  Ask  your  local  vocational 


j  WGY  Farm  j 

I  PROGRAMS  | 

Daily  except  Sunday,  12:31  p.  m.,  N.  Y. 
State  Wholesale  Produce  Markets. 

Daily  exc.  Sat.  and  Sun.,  6:15  p.  m.,  N. 
Y.  City  Wholesale  Produce  Market. 

Monday  only,  12:34  p.  m..  Metropolitan 
Milk  Market  Report. 

This  schedule  subject  to  change  without 
notice. 

Monday,  December  7th 
12:35 — “The  Agricultural  Front,”  U.  S. 
D.  A. 

12:45— “Let’s  Look  at  the  Record,”  Fu¬ 
ture  Farmers,  Fort  Ann,  N.  Y. 

Tuesday,  December  8th 
12:35 — “Meat  Rationing  for  Me  and  My 
Dog,”  Clyde  C.  McCoy. 

12:45 — Homemaker’s  Council  —  “Victory 
in  the  Home”,  Mrs.  Charlotte  P.  Brooks. 

Wednesday,  December  9th 
12  :35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag  — 
"Left  to  Your  Own  Electrical  Devices,” 
Ed  W.  Mitchell. 

Thursday,  December  10th 
12:35 — (Topic  to  be  announced),  E.  J. 
Cook,  Jr. 

12:45 — “Van  Aernam’s  Scrapbook.” 

Friday,  December  11th 
12  :35 — Panel  Discussion — FCA. 

8:30 — WGY  Farm  Forum. 

Saturday,  December  12th 
12:35 — WGY  4-H  Fellowship — “A  Good 
Neighbor  Policy  at  Home,”  Herkimer  Co., 
N.  Y.,  4-H  Clubs. 

12 :45 — A  Primer  of  Good  Government — 
“The  Commissioner  of  Public  Welfare,” 
Schoharie  Pomona  Grange. 

Monday,  December  14th 
12:35 — “Trees  of  the  Amazon,”  Dr.  J.  F. 
Mueller  and  Prof.  F.  E.  Carlson. 

12:45 — Parents  on  Trial  —  “Has  Your 
Family  a  Successful  Hobby?”'  Dr.  W.  H. 
Hartley. 

Tuesday,  December  15th 
12:35 — (Subject  to  be  announced) — V.  B, 
Hart. 

12:45 — Homemaker’s  Council — Mrs.  Har¬ 
riet  J.  Haynes. 

Wednesday,  December  16th 
12 :35 — Farm  Electrification  Mailbag  — 
“Versatile  Motors”,  Ed.  W.  Mitchell. 

12 :45  —  Countryside  Talk  —  Bristow 
Adams. 

Thursday,  December  17th 
12:35 — “Bed  and  Board  for  Brindle”,  E. 
G.  Brougham. 

12:45 — “Van  Aemam’s  Scrapbook.” 

Friday,  December  18th 

12:35—  (FSA). 

12:45 — “Crops,  Markets,  and  Prices”,  H. 
D.  Phillips. 

8:30 — WGY  Farm  Forum. 

Saturday,  December  19th 
12:35— WGY  4-H  Fellowship— “All  Work 
and  No  Play”  Mass.  State  4-H  Club  Office. 

12 :45 — A  Primer  of  Good  Government — 
“The  Commissioner  of  Elections,”  Herki¬ 
mer  Pomona  Grange. 


agricultural  teacher  about  the  courses. 

These  courses  include  commercial 
vegetable  production,  milk  production, 
farm  machinery,  and  egg  and  poultry 
meat  production.  The  courses  are  set 
for  ten  to  fifty  two-hour  periods  each. 
They  are  open  to  boys  of  17  and  up  and 
are  gauged  to  help  directly  in  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  food.  Dr.  E.  V.  Harden- 
burg  of  the  Cornell  Department  of 
Vegetable  Crops,  worked  up  the  vege¬ 
table  curriculum  and  explained  it  at 
the  schools  for  vocational  teachers. 

This  promises  to  be  one  of  the  most 
significant  enterprises  ever  undertaken 
for  carrying  knowledge  directly  to  the 
people  who  are  engaged  in  production 
and  at  the  time  when  they  most  need 
it. — P.  Work. 

— a.  a. — 

F 

Need  something  to  help  you  forget 
the  war  and  your  other  troubles? 
Then  order  a  copy  of  that  new  book 
“Growing  Up  in  the  Horse  and  Buggy 
Days”,  written  by  Dean  C.  E.  Ladd 
and  Editor  E.  R.  Eastman,  and  be 
transported  back  to  a  time  when  there 
were  plenty  of  problems  but  life  was 
simpler  and  in  many  ways  much  hap¬ 
pier.  Address  American  Agriculturist, 
Department  DB,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist.  December  5,  1942 


9  (647) 


Let’s  Make 
Garden 

"  Rtf  Paul  Walk 

WHAT  DO  YOU  MEAN,  make  gar¬ 
den  in  December?  Yes,  that’s 
just  it!  The  most  important  point  in 
having  a  good  supply  of  home  grown 
vegetables  throughout  the  coming  sum¬ 
mer  is  to  make  up  your  mind  well  in 
advance  that  you  are  going  to  do  as 
good  and  thorough  a  job  as  can  be 
done.  This  means  planning  and  doing 
a  good  many  things  in  advance. 

Editor  Ed  always  gardens  and,  like 
the  rest  of  us,  he  had  quite  a  time 
with  weeds  the  past  season.  He  sug¬ 
gests  that  a  change  in  location  may 
be  an  important  means  of  reducing 
the  garden  weed  population  for  next 
year.  Most  of  us  let  some  weed  plants 
go  to  seed  and  in  the  course  of  a  few 
years  we  have  quite  an  accumulation. 
In  many  cases  the  garden  is  where  it 
is  because  it  has  always  been  there. 
Often  there  are  other  patches  of 
ground  just  as  suitable  which  are  fair¬ 
ly  free  of  garden  weeds.  In  many 
cases  it  is  possible  to  pick  a  new  plot 
that  will  be  handy  to  the  house,  well 
situated  for  soil  and  drainage,  and 
free  of  shade.  Many  times  trees  grow 
up  over  the  years  and  make  the  shade 
problem  a  serious  one. 

Now  is  a  good  time  to  consider  this 
question  of  place;  next  spring  may  be 
too  late  to  work  the  thing  out. 

Locate  for  Easy  Cultivation 
Have  the  garden  in  a  place  where 
you  can  have  wide  rows  so  that  the 
tractor,  with  cultivator  equipment,  can 
be  brought  in  and  easily  used  when 
you  go  to  and  from  other  cultivated 
crops  such  as  corn  and  potatoes.  Too 
many  gardens  are  hampered  by  fences 
and  this  is  no  longer  necessary  now 
that  cattle  and  even  the  chickens  are 
kept  confined. 

Fall  plowing  is  a  good  way  to  get 


JUNIOR  WINNERS 
IN  NORTHEAST 

The  National  Junior  Vegetable  Grow¬ 
ers  Association  has  announced  winners 
of  regional  scholarships  paid  from  a 
$5,000  fund  provided  by  the  A  &  P 
Tea  Company.  The  nation-wide  con¬ 
test  puts  special  emphasis  on  market¬ 
ing  as  well  as  production.  Awards 
were  made  by  judging  material  sub¬ 
mitted  to  the  committee  including  a 
report  of  a  project,  statement  on  school 
work,  and  completion  of  a  correspond¬ 
ence  course  in  the  marketing  of  vege¬ 
tables. 

Twelve  winners  of  $100.  scholarships 
were  designated  from  the  northeast. 
Country  wide  winners  will  compete 
further  at  the  meeting  of  the  National 
Junior  Vegetable  Growers  Association 
at  Pittsburg,  December  4  and  5,  for 
a  national  award  of  $500  and  three 
regional  awards  of  $250  each. 

Miss  Germaine  Seelye  of  Wolcott, 
Wayne  County,  N.  Y.,  who  grew  over 
500  bushels  per  acre  of  potatoes  in 
1941  and  who,  with  her  younger  broth¬ 
er,  ran  the  muck-land  farm  this  sum¬ 
mer  while  their  father  was  disabled,  is 
the  only  girl  in  the  group.  Her  broth¬ 
er  Judson  took  the  potato  growing 
championship. 

Other  winners  in  the  northeast  are: 
Herbert  Schwab,  Johnsonburg,  N.  Y.; 
Kenneth  A.  Cox,  Walworth,  N.  Y.; 
Earl  Parsons,  Jr.,  Northampton,  Mass.; 
Emerson  Hibbard,  North  Hadley, 
Mass.;  Taylor  Steeves,  East  Wey¬ 
mouth,  Mass.;  Merton  Chouinard,  Hop- 
kinton,  Mass.;  Ezra  G.  Smith,  Win- 
throp,  Maine;  Leland  Buck,  Jr.,  Harri¬ 
son,  Maine;  Camille  A.  Gardner,  Au¬ 
burn,  Maine;  and  Harry  Horowitz, 
Hightstown,  N.  J.  », 


the  garden  ready  for  early  planting  in 
the  spring.  Then  it  is  only  necessary 
to  stir  up  the  surface  as  soon  as  the 
soil  is  dry  enough  to  plant,  putting  in 
seed  of  lettuce,  radishes,  beets,  car¬ 
rots,  spinach;  sets  of  onion;  and  plants 
of  cabbage,  lettuce  and  beets.  This 
can  usually  be  done  in  April. 

Manure  and  Weeds 

The  relation  of  manure  to  weeds  in 
the  garden  is  subject  to  argument.  No 
one  has  settled  the  debate  as  to  the 
extent  that  the  weeds  of  hay  and  straw 
can  be  serious  in  the  garden,  but  cer¬ 
tainly  in  some  situations  they  are  im¬ 
portant.  Thus,  some  gardeners  are 
opposed  to  using  manure  on  the  gar¬ 
den  and  would  prefer  to  depend  on 
green  manure  crops  and  commercial 
fertilizers.  However,  commercial  fer¬ 
tilizers  are  likely  to  be  a  bit  scarce,  at 


least  as  far  as  nitrogen  is  concerned. 
One  solution  is  to  have  two  garden 
patches,  growing  green  manure  crops  in 
one  of  these  each  year.  On  the  other 
hand,  if  well  rotted  manure  is  available 
there  will  be  little  trouble.  It  is  well 
to  have  a  pile  of  manure  for  this  par¬ 
ticular  purpose. 

In  most  situations  one  can  use 
manure  applied  and  plowed  under  in 
the  fall,  with  super-phosphate  at  the 
rate  of  about  50  pounds  per  ton  of 
manure,  and  so  maintain  fertility  year 
in  and  year  out.  Of  course  not  all  the 
weed  seed  will  die  over  winter,  but  no 
way  has  yet  been  devised  for  garden¬ 
ing  without  some  work  on  weeds  after 
the  garden  is  planted.  But  weeds  are 
not  particularly  hard  to  control  if  we 
keep  them  down  while  they  are  small. 
One  of  the  worst  difficulties,  and  the 
present  reporter  is  not  least  among  the 


sinners,  arises  from  letting  weeds  go 
to  seed  late  in  the  season.  In  this 
way  we  propagate  the  weeds,  not  only 
of  hay  and  straw,  but  the  garden  weeds 
as  well. 

Fix  Frames  Now 

Another  good  job  for  late  fall  is  to 
prepare  for  a  coldframe  or  hot  bed. 
If  a  coldframe  is  set  up  now,  glass  can 
be  put  on  as  soon  as  the  sun’s  rays  be¬ 
come  strong  in  the  spring,  thus  melt¬ 
ing  the  snow  and  warming  up  the 
ground  effectively.  Electric  hot  bed 
equipment  is  now  so  easily  used  that  a 
one  or  two  sash  hot  bed  of  this  sort 
is  available  to  most  gardeners.  If  a 
manure  hot  bed  is  to  be  made  it  is  well 
to  dig  the  pit  in  the  fall  and  have  it  all 
ready  for  spring  operations. 

Now  is  a  good  time  to  think  about 
next  year’s  garden. 


This  is  one  of  a  series  of  reports  from  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture  published  by 
the  Chilean  Nitrate  Educational  Bureau,  Inc., 
in  furtherance  of  the  Nation's  food  production 
program.  Publication  of  this  report  in  this  space 
does  not  constitute  endorsement  by  the  United 
States  Department,  of  Agriculture  of  any  com¬ 
mercial  product. 


Photo  from  Georgia  Extension  Service 

MEET  THE  MEAT  CHALLENGE!  0  ur  minimum  military 
and  lend-lease  needs  for  ’43  are  614  billion  lbs.  Supplies  for 
civilians  will  be  1714  billion  pounds  and  demand  21  billion, 
leaving  a  shortage  of  314  billion.  Produce  all  the  meat  you  can. 
A  few  extra  hogs  will  help  you  do  your  part.  Food  for  Freedom. 


Photos  from  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture ,  by  Forsythe 

BULLETS  FROM  PULLETS!  England  and  Rus¬ 
sia  look  to  us  for  eggs  as  well  as  planes  and  bombs. 
We  can’t  have  too  many!  Too  few— and  our  fighters, 
workers,  and  our  allies  go  hungry.  Every  egg  your 
hens  can  produce  is  a  bullet  for  a  German  or  a  Jap 
. .  .  and  that’s  no  military  secret. 


Photo  from  Acme 


GOOD  CHOW!  Plenty  of  good  food  puts  the  fight 
into  our  soldiers,  sailors,  marines,  and  keeps  our 
Allies  strong.  Food  from  your  farm  gives  these 
husky  American  boys  what  they  need  to  smash  the 
Axis.  Keep  our  food  power  high. 


MILK  IS  A  MUST!  Milk  is  almost  the  perfect 
food.  Food  power  makes  manpower  —  and  that’s 
what  victory  depends  on.  Our  manpower  must  save 
the  civilized  world.  Every  man,  woman,  and  child 
on  dairy  farms  can  help.  Every  day’s  work  saves 
American  lives  and  brings  victory  nearer. 


We  can’t  have 
MANPOWER 
without 

Food  Power 


THE  NITRATE  SITUATION 


In  1943  the  available  nitrogen  supply  will  have  to 
be  used  with  utmost  efficiency  in  accord  with  our 
national  agricultural  war  program. 

Distribution  and  allocation  of  all  inorganic  nitrogen 
materials  are  in  the  hands  of  the 
War  Production  Board  whose  main 
objective  is  to  make  them  go  as  far 
as  possible.  Supplies  probably  will 
be  available  earlier  than  last  year. 

Distribution  will  be  made  in  a  fair 
and  orderly  manner  with  due  regard 
for  the  relative  importance  of  food. 


fiber,  and  vegetable  oil  crops  to  our  war  program. 
Despite  the  limited  nitrogen  supply,  it  is  hoped 
there  will  be  as  many  tons  of  mixed  fertilizer 
this  season  as  last,  and  that  a  proportionate 
quantity  of  nitrogen  materials  will 
be  available  for  top  and  side¬ 
dressing.  This  year,  in  order  to 
meet  the  essential  requirements, 
it  is  necessary  that  nitrogen  be 
used  when  and  where  it  will  do 
the  most  good  in  advancing  our 
total  war  effort. 


Food  for  Freedom  .  .  the  Spirit  of  1 943 


BUY  WAR  BONDS  AND  STAMPS 


(648)  1 0 


At  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  5,  1942 


ManJzei  HaAGjnetesi 


DIVERSION  PAYMENTS 
STOPPED 

Secretary  Wickard  has  issued  an  or¬ 
der,  which  became  effective  November 
16,  suspending  diversion  payments  in 
the  New  York  City  milk  shed.  These 
diversion  payments  contained  in  the 
original  order  provided  for  payments 
to  handlers  for  milk  diverted  from  the 
fluid  market  into  manufacturing  chan¬ 
nels.  Up  to  April  this  year,  diversion 
claims  ranged  close  to  $600,000  a  month 
in  a  season  of  flush  production.  Then 
on  April  1,  an  amendment  to  the  Fed¬ 
eral-State  Milk  Marketing  Orders  ban¬ 
ned  payments  for  diverting  milk  to  be 
used  as  fluid  cream,  cream  in  other 
states,  ice  cream,  storage  cream  and 
butter.  Now  all  diversion  payments 
are  discontinued. 

Administrator  Blanford  points  out 
that  this  action  will  save  the  New  York 
pool  sums  ranging  from  $60,000  to 
$300,000  a  month,  depending  on  the 
season,  and  will  remove  the  incentive 
to  use  milk  in  manufacturing  in  pref¬ 
erence  to  serving  fluid  markets. 

— a.  a. — 

MILK  PRODUCTION 
SLUMPS 

During  the  month  of  October,  U.  S. 
milk  production  declined  more  rapidly 
than  normally.  Although  production 
on  November  1  was  still  well  above  the 
average  for  the  month  in  most  areas, 
production  has  dropped  below  a  year 
ago  in  all  regions  except  the  North¬ 
east.  Perhaps  the  answer  is  that  the 
cows  are  getting  tired.  Farmers  will 
understand  this.  They,  themselves, 
are  finding  it  difficult  to  maintain  food 
production.  A  man  or  a  cow  can  work 
at  top  speed  for  a  while,  but  eventually 
there  comes  the  inevitable  slump. 

— a.  a. — 

MILK  COSTS 


was  up  2%;  while  fluid  milk  consump¬ 
tion  in  Buffalo  was  up  19%.  On  the 
other  hand,  cream  consumption  dropped 
8%  in  New  York  City. 

—a.  a. — 

NOVEMRER  CROP 
REPORT 

The  November  1  U.  S.  crop  report 
confirms  previous  expectations  of 
bumper  crops.  During  the  month  of 
October,  the  condition  of  the  SOY¬ 
BEAN  crop  improved.  Already  esti¬ 
mated  at  about  double  the  1941  crop, 
the  estimate  was  jumped  9,252,000 
bushels  over  the  October  1  estimate  of 
209,953,000  bushels. 

The  condition  of  the  commercial 
APPLE  crop  improved.  The  Novem¬ 
ber  1  estimate  put  the  crop  at  400,000 
bushels  larger  than  the  October  1  esti¬ 
mate.  The  November  1  figures  were 
127,538,000  bushels. 

The  POTATO  estimate  was  upped 
about  1%  above  the  October  1  esti¬ 
mate,  now  standing  at  379,624,000 
bushels.  Last  year  the  crop  totaled 
357,783,000  bushels. 

Condition  of  the  BUCKWHEAT  crop 
on  November  1  was  3%  below  October, 
U.  S.  estimate  now  being  6,412,000 
bushels,  6%  higher  than  the  1941  crop. 

The  BEAN  crop  is  not  quite  as  big 
as  was  estimated  a  month  ago,  yet 
the  crop  will  approach  21,000,000  100- 
lb.  bags,  an  all-time  U.  S.  record. 

During  October,  hens  laid  10%  more 
EGGS  than  their  previous  record  for 
the  month  made  last  October.  For 
the  first  ten  months  of  the  year,  pro¬ 
duction  was  15%  higher  than  last  year. 

The  estimated  number  of  layers  on 
farms  during  October  was  336,625,000, 
11%  above  a  year  ago  and  a  record 
high  for  the  month.  It  is  estimated, 
too,  that  there  are  5%  more  pullets  not 
yet  of  laying  age  on  farms  than  there 
were  a  year  ago.  In  the  Northeast,  the 
increase  is  14%. 


wholesale  this  year;  22c  last  year;  18c 
two  years  ago.  Live  turkeys  brought 
39c  this  year;  last  year,  31c;  two  years 
ago,  25c. 

The  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals  in 
the  Eighth  District  has  ruled  that  baby 
chick  hatcheries  are  exempt  from  pro¬ 
visions  of  the  Fair  Labor  Standards 
Act  of  1938  because  its  employees  are 
engaged  in  agriculture.  This  reversed 
a  court  decision  made  in  Iowa  a  year 
ago,  and  will  be  welcomed  by  hatcher¬ 
ies.  They  have  been  hampered  by  the 
uncertainty  of  this  situation. 

—a.  a. — 

CANNING  CROPS 

A  round-up  of  figures  on  canning 
crops  shows  that  New  York  State  led 
in  the  growing  of  SNAP  BEANS  for 
canning  and  freezing,  with  26,200  tons, 
72%  above  last  year. 

SWEET  CORN  acreage  in  New  York 
State  was  cut  slightly,  but  yields  were 
heavy;  and  the  production  for  canning 
and  freezing  was  62,900  tons,  1  %  above 
last  year.  In  the  Empire  State  reduced 
TOMATO  yields  per  acre  offset  in¬ 
creased  acreage.  Crop  totaled  189,600 
tons  for  canning  factories,  which  was 
10%  above  a  year  ago.  BEETS  for 
canning  factories  are  expected  to  total 
44,600  tons,  and  GREEN  LIMA  BEANS 
41,810  tons. 

— a.  a. — 

BEANS 

U.  S.  bean  production  this  year  is 
now  placed  at  20,962,000  100-lb.  bags, 
an  all-time  U.  S.  record.  Last  year  the 
crop  totaled  18,788,000,  and  the  ten- 
year  average  was  13,297,000. 

New  York’s  crop  this  year  is  esti¬ 
mated  at  1,507,000  bags,  4%  above  last 
year  and  37  %  better  than  the  ten-year 
average. 

Most  important  in  New  York  are 
white  pea  beans  and  red  kidney  beans, 
with  sizeable  amounts  of  white  mar¬ 
rows,  white  kidneys,  and  yellow  eyes. 

The  U.  S.  production  of  red  kidney 
beans  (best  suited  for  many  New  York 
areas)  dropped  this  past  year  to  876,- 
000,000  sacks,  about  25%  less  than  last 
year. 

Read  page  3  for  important  news 
about  price  ceilings  on  beans  and  other 
crops. 


New  York  State  milk  production 
costs  are  estimated  by  the  State  Col¬ 
lege  of  Agriculture  as  15%  higher  than 
a  year  ago.  Chief  cause  is  higher  farm 
wages,  with  smaller  increases  in  prices 
of  feed,  machinery,  building  materials, 
and  other  commodities.  Farm  wages 
are  the  highest  on  record,  and  total 
costs  of  producing  milk  are  69%  above 
the  1910-1914  average  and  the  highest 
since  1929. 

Dairy  feed  costs  6%  more  than  it 
did  a  year  ago,  yet  the  relation  be¬ 
tween  the  cost  of  feed  and  the  price  of 
milk  is  fairly  favorable. 

— a.  a. — 

OCTORER  MILK  PRICES 

October  uniform  milk  prices  as  an¬ 
nounced  by  the  Market  Administrators 
were  as  follows:  New  York,  $3.01; 
Buffalo,  $3.12;  Rochester,  $3.33. 

— A.  A.— 

RUTTER 

During  the  past  twelve  months,  No¬ 
vember  1941  through  October  1942, 
223,000,000  lbs.  of  butter  were  received 
in  New  York  City.  Of  this  amount, 
New  York  State  contributed  11,000,000 
lbs.,  about  5%  of  the  total  receipts. 
Only  8  %  of  the  milk  delivered  to  plants 
in  New  York  State  is  manufactured 
into  butter. 

Iowa  was  the  largest  shipper,  with 
35%  of  the  total.  Next  was  Minnesota, 
contributing  28  % ;  and  then  Illinois 
and  Nebraska,  8%  each. 

U.  S.  milk  production  for  the  month 
of  October  was  up  1%  over  October 
last  year,  and  New  York  State  produc¬ 
tion  was  up  3%.  Consumption  of  fluid 
milk  in  New  York  City  for  October 


While  average  poultry  FEED  COSTS 
for  the  entire  country  are  16%  above  a 
year  ago,  average  return  for  eggs  is 
up  still  more.  Consequently  the  ratio 
between  feeds  and  eggs  was  more 
favorable  on  October  15  than  it  was  on 
the  same  date  a  year  ago.  In  fact,  it 
is  more  favorable  than  it  has  been  on 
that  date  since  October,  1938. 

— a.  a. — 

BROILER  OUTLOOK  GOOD 

Encouraging  outlook  for  broiler  pro¬ 
duction  is  voiced  by  G.  T.  Klein, 
Massachusetts  Extension  poultryman. 
For  the  first  time  in  many  years  broil¬ 
er  raising  looks  fairly  secure.  Idle 
equipment  may  be  put  to  very  timely 
use  in  the  production  of  broilers  as  an 
aid  in  relieving  the  meat  shortage. 

There  is  time  to  raise  broilers  be¬ 
fore  spring  brooding  gets  under  way. 
A  pound  of  broiler  can  be  raised  from 
3  to  31/,  pounds  of  feed.  Broiler 
weights  (both  sexes)  should  average 
as  follows :  4  weeks,  y2  pound ;  8  weeks, 
iy2  pounds;  12  weeks,  2  8/10  pounds. 

- — Walter  E.  Piper. 

—  A.  A. — 

FEED-EGG  RATIO 

The  feed-egg  ratio  for  the  week  end¬ 
ing  November  19,  as  reported  by  the 
State  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
Markets,  shows  that  it  took  5.2  doz. 
eggs  to  buy  100  lbs.  of  poultry  feed  in 
New  York  State.  A  year  ago  the  figure 
was  5.6,  and  two  years  ago  it  was  6.7. 

Top  wholesale  price  of  white  specials 
in  New  York  City  on  November  19  was 
49c;  a  year  ago,  40 %c;  two  years  ago, 
33  ^c.  Colored  live  fowls  brought  26c 


— A.  A. — 

APPLES  IN  STORAGE 

The  report  on  storage  holdings  of  ap¬ 
ples  on  November  1  showed  a  total  of 
31,670,000  bushels.  This  amount  is 
about  one-third  of  a  million  bushels 
more  than  on  November  1,  1941,  and 
about  two-thirds  of  a  million  bushels 
above  the  five-year  average  for  the 
date.  Holdings  show  some  decrease  in 
barrels,  some  decrease  of  apples  in 
western  boxes  but  a  big  increase  in  ap¬ 
ples  stored  in  eastern  boxes,  and  some 
increase  in  bushel  baskets. 

For  New  York  State,  storage  hold¬ 
ings  totaled  6,193,000  bushels  compar¬ 
ed  to  4,951,000  bushels  on  November  1 
last  year. 

— a.  a. — 

FARMERS  IN  WAR  WORK 

Farmers  and  farm  workers  in  many 
sections  of  the  Northeast  are  in  the 
unique  position  of  being  able  to  aid  in 
the  war  effort  in  the  dual  capacity  of 
food  producers  and  factory  workers  in 
war  plants.  This  highly  desirable 
situation  deserves  the  fullest  consid¬ 
eration  on  the  part  of  war  manpower 
authorities  in  Washington.  This  abil¬ 
ity  of  farmers  to  do  double  duty  ap¬ 
plies  to  many  branches  of  Northeast¬ 
ern  agriculture,  but  particularly  to 
producers  of  seasonal  crops  such  as 
commercial  fruits  and  vegetables. 

Much  of  the  most  urgent  labor  needs 
in  this  type  of  farm  work  are  concen¬ 
trated  during  the  spring  to  fall  months. 
This  leaves  such  farm  workers  avail¬ 
able  for  industrial  employment  during 
the  off  season.  Nearness  of  war  indus¬ 
tries  of  most  Northeastern  farming 


A.A.  ON  THE  AIR 

American  Agriculturist  is  on  the  air 
each  day  except  Sunday  over  the  fol¬ 
lowing  stations.  Plan  to  tune  in  to  the 
station  nearest  you. 

WHCU,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  at  870  on  your 
dial,  6 :59  A.  M.  daily  except 

Sunday. 

WHAM,  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  at  1180  on  your 
dial,  6:45  A.  M.,  daily  except 

Sunday. 

WBTA,  Batavia,  N.  Y.,  at  1490  on  your 
dial,  8:20  A.  M.,  and  12:05  P.  M., 
daily  except  Sunday. 

WKNE,  Keene,  N.  H.,  at  1290  on  your 

dial,  6:50  A.  M.,  daily  except 

Sunday. 

WTRY,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  at  980  on  your  dial, 
6:30  A.  M.,  daily  except  Sunday. 
WDEV,  Waterbury,  Vt.,  at  550  on  your 
dial,  30:00  A.  M.,  1:00  P.  M„  and 
4:15  P.  M.,  daily  except  Sunday. 
WWSR,  St.  Albans,  Vt.,  at  1420  on  your 
dial,  7:15  A.  M.,  1:05  P.  M.,  and 
4 :59  P.  M.  daily  except  Sunday. 


regions  makes  it  possible  for  farm 
workers  to  shift  employment  from 
agriculture  to  industry  without  chang¬ 
ing  their  place  of  residence,  which  is  a 
very  important  item  in  itself  because 
of  the  critical  housing  problem  in  in¬ 
dustrial  centers  engaged  in  war  work. 
A  fuller  understanding  of  this  situa¬ 
tion  by  manpower  authorities  might 
result  in  a  greater  use  of  off-time  farm 
help  in  industrial  work. 

At  present  many  such  farm  work¬ 
ers  are  hesitant  about  taking  factory 
jobs  during  winter  months  in  the  be¬ 
lief  that  such  a  change  might  alter 
their  status  with  selective  service  offi¬ 
cials.  If  they  could  have  the  assurance 
that  the  taking  of  an  industrial  job 
on  a  part-time  basis  would  not  pre¬ 
vent  them  from  being  available  for 
spring  farm  work  next  year,  many 
farmers  would  undoubtedly  take  ad¬ 
vantage  of  the  opportunity  to  serve  in 
war  industries. — Walter  E.  Piper . 

— a.  a. — 

MILK  THREE  TIMES 
A  DAY? 

If  you  are  fortunate  enough  not  to 
be  short  of  labor,  this  might  be  a  good 
time  to  try  milking  three  times  a  day. 
Experience  has  proved  that  three-time 
milking  does  step  up  production  some, 
particularly  with  good  cows.  If  you  do 
try  it,  weigh  the  milk  from  each  cow 
before  ypu  start  the  three-time  schedule 
and  afterwards  to  see  how  much,  if  any, 
you  gain  by  extra  milking. 

If  you  have  had  good  or  bad  experi¬ 
ence  with  three-time  milking,  write  me 
so  that  we  can  pass  on  your  experience 
to  others.  Address  E.  R.  Eastman,  Edi¬ 
tor,  American  Agriculturist,  Box  367, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

—  A.  A.— 

CHRISTMAS  TREES 

There  is  some  evidence  that  the  mar¬ 
ket  for  Christmas  trees  may  strike 
some  snags.  For  example,  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad  has  issued  em¬ 
bargoes  for  Christmas  trees  shipped  to 
its  yards  at  33rd,  60th  and  130th 
Streets  in  New  York  City.  The  only 
way  trees  can  be  shipped  to  these  New 
York  Central  yards  is  by  obtaining  a 
permit  in  advance.  Apply  to  H.  B. 
Tucker,  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
West  72nd  Street,  North  River,  New 
York  City. 

The  Delaware,  Lackawanna  and 
Western  has  embargoed  shipments  of 
trees  without  permits  to  its  25th  Street 
Station  in  South  Brooklyn.  Permits 
may  be  obtained  from  W.  A.  Nordland, 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  Western 
Railroad,  25th  Street  Station,  New 
York  City. 

A  year  ago,  these  stations  were 
swamped  with  Christmas  trees,  and 
these  regulations  were  put  into  effect 
to  avoid  a  repetition  of  this  situation. 


r 


American  Agriculturist,  December  5,  1942 


Sexaner  Says  Milk  Industry  Can 
Save  Materials  and  Manpower 


UT  N  A  TOTAL  war  such  as  our  coun- 
-Itry  is  now  fighting,  waste  of  man¬ 
power,  vital  materials,  and  accessories 
cannot  be  tolerated  in  any  section  of 
our  industrial,  economic  or  social  life. 
Every  single  factor  that  contributes  to 
winning  the  war — manpower,  machin¬ 
ery,  plant  space,  motor  trucks,  gaso¬ 
line,  oil,  rubber,  coal,  electric  power, 
and  rail  transportation — all  can  be  us¬ 
ed  in  much  more  economical  and  effi¬ 
cient  manner  to  the  end  of  gaining  vic¬ 
tory  for  ourselves  and  the  forces  of 
democracy  throughout  the  world.” 

So  says  Fred  Sexauer,  President  of 
the  Dairymen’s  League  Cooperative  As¬ 
sociation  in  proposing  a  plan  designed 
to  save  equipment,  manpower,  and  rub¬ 
ber  in  the  handling  of  milk  from  the 
producer  to  the  consumer.  Mr.  Sexauer 
reminds  us  that  from  3  to  14  whole¬ 
sale  milk  routes  travel  each  street  in 
the  business  section  of  New  York  City 
every  day;  that  most  stores,  hotels,  and 
many  restaurants  are  served  by  from 
2  to  7  separate  dealers;  and  that  from 
2  to  7  retail  rigs  travel  each  street  de¬ 
livering  milk  to  the  consumers’  door¬ 
steps. 

Too  Much  Mileage 

There  is  a  similar  duplication  in  the 
handling  of  milk  before  it  reaches  the 
city.  There  are  about  80  communities 
in  the  New  York  Milk  Shed  with  2  or 
more  milk  receiving  plants  where  one 
could  handle  it  more  efficiently.  Truck¬ 
ing  routes  from  farms  to  milk  plants 
overlap  and  crisscross.  They  pass  one 
plant  to  reach  another. 

In  delivering  milk  to  the  city,  tank 
trucks  and  tank  cars  often  travel  from 
300  to  400  miles,  while  milk  within  250 
miles  of  the  city  is  being  made  into 
manufactured  products. 

As  a  solution,  Mr.  Sexauer  suggests 
a  survey  by  trained  men  working  under 
a  committee  supervised  by  the  Market 
Administrator,  the  New  York  State 
College  of  Agriculture,  New  York  deal¬ 
ers,  Dairymen’s  League,  the  New  York 
City  Board  of  Health,  and  the  War 
Production  Board.  This  committee 
would  get  facts  as  to  the  total  capacity 


of  city  plants  for  receiving,  pasteuriz¬ 
ing,  bottling  and  distributing  milk;  lo¬ 
cation  of  bottling  plants;  and  which 
ones  are  most  efficient  or  could  operate 
most  efficiently.  Similar  facts  would  be 
obtained  for  country  operations. 

Practical  Cooperation 

In  New  York  City,  it  is  proposed 
that  one  corporation  be  set  up,  formed 
from  the  present  plant  operators,  to 
operate  the  entire  group  of  city  bottling 
plants.  This  would  make  it  possible  to 
discontinue  operation  of  unneeded 
plants  and  would  permit  the  rearrange¬ 
ment  of  distributing  routes  to  avoid  du¬ 
plication  of  effort.  Approximately  the 
same  plan  could  be  put  into  effect  re¬ 
lative  to  country  plant  operations. 

Such  a  plan,  says  Mr.  Sexauer,  would 
allow  the  shipment  of  the  milk  which 
could  be  sent  to  the  city  markets  most 
economically  and  would  make  possible 
the  efficient  manufacture  of  the  bal¬ 
ance. 

Should  the  industry  fail  to  take  this 
step, Mr.  Sexauer  states  that  he  will  re¬ 
quest  the  Directors  of  the  League  to 
make  an  appropriation  to  pay  for  such 
a  survey;  and  if  the  request  is  grant¬ 
ed,  will  ask  the  State  Colleges  of  Agri¬ 
culture  in  the  milk  shed  to  choose 
trained  men  to  get  the  facts.  Further¬ 
more,  he  will  ask  the  Administrator’s 
Office,  the  New  York  State  Department 
of  Agriculture  and  Markets,  the  Met¬ 
ropolitan  Cooperative  Milk  Producers’ 
Bargaining  Agency,  and  the  New  York 
State  Board  of  Farm  Organizations 
each  to  choose  a  representative  to  serve 
with  the  League  Directors  to  direct  the 
investigation. 

Big  Savings 

The  League  President  concludes  by 
stating  that  hundreds  of  men,  thou¬ 
sands  of  tons  of  equipment,  thousands 
of  tires,  tens  of  thousands  of  tons  of 
coal,  tens  of  thousands  of  gallons  of 
fuel  oil,  hundreds  of  trucks,  and  much 
other  vital  war  material  could  be  con¬ 
served  for  the  benefit  of  the  producer, 
consumer  and  operator,  and,  most  im¬ 
portant  of  all,  for  the  national  war  ef¬ 
fort. 


STOP  LOSSES  OF  FARM  MANURE 


COMMERCIAL  fertilizers  will  con¬ 
tain  less  nitrogen  next  year,  a 
fact  that  makes  it  more  than  usually 
important  to  avoid  losses  in  farm 
manure.  A  thousand-pound  cow  will 
produce  about  a  ton  of  manure  a 
month  containing  about  twelve  pounds 
of  ammonia,  five  pounds  of  phosphoric 
acid,  and  ten  pounds  of  potash.  That 
is  worth  saving. 

The  first  step  is  to  use  superphos¬ 
phate  in  the  stable  at  the  rate  of  a 
pound  or  two  per  cow  per  day.  It  is 
an  easy  way  to  use  superphosphate; 
and  because  manure  is  low  in  phos¬ 
phorus,  it  adds  greatly  to  the  results 
you  will  get  from  the  use  of  manure. 

The  second  step  is  to  save  liquids, 
which  contain  about  half  the  plant 
food  and  are  particularly  rich  in  nitro¬ 
gen  and  phosphorus.  The  simplest 
way  is  to  use  sufficient  bedding  to  ab¬ 
sorb  the  liquids. 

The  third  step  is  to  prevent  losses, 
which  normally  occur  in  two  ways — 
through  the  escape  of  ammonia  into 
the  air  and  through  the  leaching  of 
soluble  materials  —  when  the  manure 
pile  is  unprotected.  One  of  the  best 
ways  to  prevent  losses  is  to  haul 
manure  on  the  field  each  day.  Anoth¬ 
er  way  is  to  have  a  manure  pit  which 
prevents  losses  by  leaching.  It  is 
wasteful  of  plant  food  to  put  the 
manure  in  the  field  in  piles  to  be 
spread  later. 

The  next  question  that  might  be 


asked  is  where  to  put  the  manure  and 
how  thick  to  spread  it  in  order  to  get 
the  best  returns.  A  given  quantity 
of  manure  will  give  bigger  crop  in¬ 
creases  spread  rather  thinly  on  a 
maximum  number  of  acres  than  it  will 
by  covering  a  smaller  acreage  with  a 
heavier  application.  Manure  helps  any 
crop  to  grow  better,  but  one  rule  that 
a  good  many  men  follow  is  to  use  it 
on  cash  crops  where  the  money  value 
per  acre  is  high. 

Another  question  frequently  asked 
is  this:  “If  we  have  such  heavy  losses 
of  manure  when  it  is  left  in  piles,  why 
is  it  that  rotted  manure  seems  to  be 
just  as  good  (and  in  some  cases  bet¬ 
ter)  for  increasing  crop  growth?”  The 
answer  is  that  it  takes  about  two  tons 
of  fresh  manure  to  make  one  ton  of 
well-rotted  manure. 

To  sum  up  the  situation,  use  super¬ 
phosphate  in  the  stables,  prevent 
losses,  get  manure  on  the  field  as  soon 
as  possible,  spread  it  thin,  and  put  it 
on  crops  that  will  give  you  the  best 
returns. 

. — a.  a. — 

Want  to  turn  the  clock  back  to  the 
days  of  your  youth?  Read  ‘“Growing 
Up  in  the  Horse  and  Buggy  Days”, 
written  by  a  College  Dean  and  a  farm 
paper  Editor  (Carl  and  Ed  to  you). 
You’ll  enjoy  it.  Only  $2.50.  Address 
American  Agriculturist,  Department 
DB,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


11  (649) 


pcuu  to  CODDLE 
TOUR  COWS 


This  winter  you  will  have  the  oppor¬ 
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butterfat  at  a  profit.  Every  extra  pound 
is  extra  profit,  and  helps  the  war  effort. 
But  full  milk  yield  cannot  come  from 
overworked  cows  with  sluggish  appe¬ 
tite  or  digestion.  Smart  feeders  know 
that  the  key  to  production  is  in  CON¬ 
VERTING  all  the  nutriments  of  the 
feed  into  milk  flow.  In  winter  all  the 
conditions  are  AGAINST  the  cow; 
confinement,  more  dry  diet,  little  ex¬ 
ercise.  The  organs  of  assimilation  carry 
a  terrific  added  burden  and  call  for  just 
the  kind  of  medicinal  support  that 
Kow-Kare  affords — Iron,  Iodine  and 
important  tonic  drugs. 

Build  Greater  Capacity 
to  Convert  Feed  to  Milk 

With  medicinal  aid  to  digestion  and 
assimilation,  more  milk-making  food 
can  safely  be  converted,  more  produc¬ 
tion  realized  and  many  breakdowns 


averted.  Cows  approaching  calving 
especially  will  benefit  from  medicinal 
aid  to  carry  them  safely  through  their 
ordeal  and  to  promote  the  raising  of 
stronger,  more  valuable  calves. 

Start  now  to  condition  every  lagging 
cow  with  Kow-Kare.  Drive  for  more 
milk  per  milking;  more  milking  days 
per  cow.  It’s  a  great  year  to  test  the 
Kow-Kare  plan;  a  trial  will  make  you 
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FARMERS ! 

GET  THE  LATEST 

NEWS 

ON  THE  FARM  FRONT 

BY  UNITED  PRESS 
12:30  F*.  M.  DAILY 

Courtesy  Vosler  Potato  Brusher. 

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DIAL  1490 


(650)  12 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  5,  1942 


And  Now  — 

200  Million  More  Meat  Birds 


— new  birds,  to  be  hatched  and  grown  this  Fall  and  Winter — 
fryers  and  small  roasters  to  help  the  nation's  meat  supply. 
This  gigantic  project  is  an  extra,  a  separate  item  of  wartime 
production.  It's  not  to  interfere  at  all  with  the  present  pro¬ 
gram  of  expanded  egg  output,  for  instance. 

Can  poultrymen  and  hatcherymen  do  it?  Watch  'em. 

Of  course  it  will  mean  feeding,  a  tremendous  tonnage  of 
good  starting  and  growing  mashes,  principally.  Many  of  those 
mashes  will  contain  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL.  The  chicks  raised 
on  them  will  have  extra  Vitamin  A  to  make  them  strong  and 
vigorous  and  will  develop  the  yellow  skin  color  that  con¬ 
sumers  like.  A  substance  called  xanthophyll  does  that.  Only 
a  few  ingredients  of  poultry  rations  contain  Vitamin  A  potency 
and  xanthophyll  in  good  measure.  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL  has  both. 

Be  sure  that  the  mashes  you  feed — either  for  meat  or  egg 
production — contain  CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL. 


CORN  GLUTEN  MEAL 


CORN  PRODUCTS  SALES  CO. 

NEW  YORK  •  CHICAGO 

DISTRIBUTORS  OF 

DIAMOND 

OLDEST  AND  BIGGEST 
SELLING  BRAND  OF 


Chick  Rearing  Contest  Winners 
Report  Low  Losses.  Rapid  Gains 


IN  THE  January  17  issue  we  an¬ 
nounced  our  Chick  Rearing  Contest. 
At  that  time,  we  told  you  that  some 
member  of  the  staff  of  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  would  visit  those  whose  re¬ 
ports  seemed  most  likely  to  win  prizes. 
Gas  rationing  has  made  that  impos¬ 
sible,  so  the  judges  have  worked  hard 
to  pick  the  winners  on  the  basis  of 
the  reports  sent  in. 

In  selecting  winners,  the  judges 
considered  the  losses,  the  rate  of  gain, 
the  cost  of  raising  chicks  to  five 
months,  and  the  skill  in  management 
as  evidenced  by  the  reports  submitted. 
Two  contestants  bought  100  chicks 
each,  and  each  reported  the  loss  of  one 
up  to  the  time  they  were  five  months 
old.  Other  exceptional  records  includ¬ 
ed  a  loss  of  6  out  of  325  and  another 
of  12  out  of  325. 

One  contestant  who  dressed  and  sold 
his  cockerels  at  retail  made  enough  so 
that  the  cash  invested  in  pullets  was 
5c.  Another  reported  that  this  type 
of  income  equalled  the  cash  cost  of  the 
pullets.  Of  course,  not  all  contestants 
could  sell  their  cockerels  this  way,  and 
a  good  majority  of  contestants  report¬ 
ed  cash  costs  ranging  from  40c  to  80c 
for  five-month-old  pullets. 

Here  are  some  of  the  comments  from 
the  reports  of  contestants: 

STUDY.  “During  the  winter  I  studied 
various  bulletins  sent  out  by  the  Col¬ 
lege  Extension  Office.  I  also  sent  for 
catalogs  of  firms  dealing  in  baby 
chicks  and  for  the  booklets  compiled 
by  the  different  grain  companies. 
These  were  all  helpful,  as  were  the 
articles  published  in  American  Agri¬ 
culturist.”— Mrs.  Albert  L.  Abbott. 
EARLY.  “On  July  28  I  got  my  first 
two  eggs.  On  August  8,  when  they 
were  just  five  months  old,  I  was  get¬ 
ting  five  and  six  eggs  a  day.” — Mrs. 
Bertha  Belcher. 

CLEAN.  “Before  my  chicks  were  put 
in  the  brooder  coop,  the  house  was 
thoroughly  cleaned  and  the  floor  scrub¬ 
bed  with  lye.  Then  the  outside  was 
covered  with  roofing  paper  to  help  keep 
out  the  cold.  Peat  moss  was  put  on 
the  floor.  We  find  that  peat  moss  is 
the  safest  litter  to  use  in  a  brooder 
coop  where  coal  or  oil  burners  are 
used.” — Emory  Fox. 

ROOM.  “One  of  the  most  important 
things  to  all  of  us  poultry  raisers  is 
the  furnishing  of  enough  hopper  space 
for  our  flocks.  Wherever  this  is  lack¬ 
ing,  we  always  find  an  uneven  and 
roughly-feathered  bunch  of  chicks. 
Although  cleanliness  may  be  of  first 
importance,  hopper  space  should  come 
second.  I  am  not  in  favor  of  too  early 
laying.  I  am  more  anxious  to  see 
them  develop  into  strong,  healthy 
birds.” — Mrs.  Rey  G.  Smith. 

TEMPERATURE.  “I  have  found  the 
brooder  temperature  on  spring-hatched 
chicks  is  best  the  first  week  at  slightly 


under  90  degrees  rather  than  over.  My 
birds  feathered  faster  and  seemed  to 
gain  as  well  with  the  temperature  be¬ 
tween  85  and  90  degrees  the  first  week, 
between  80  and  85  the  second  week, 
between  75  and  80  the  third  week,  and 
by  the  end  of  five  weeks  they  required 
no  artificial  heat  at  all.” — Roy  Black - 
mer. 

RELIABLE.  “I  always  figure  on  buy¬ 
ing  chicks  from  a  reliable  firm,  and  I 
select  one  from  American  Agriculturist 
advertisers.  From  two  years’  experi¬ 
ence  with  crossbred  chicks,  I  selected 


WINNERS  IN  CIIICK 
REARING  CONTEST 

FIRST  PRIZE  OF  $25.00 
Mrs.  Albert  L.  Abbott, 
Rumford  Point,  Me. 

SECOND  PRIZE  OF  $10.00 
Mrs.  Bertha  Belcher, 
Branchville,  N.  J. 

THIRD  TO  SEVENTEENTH 
PRIZES  OF  $2.00  EACH 
Emory  Fox,  Rushville,  N.  Y. 

Mrs.  Ray  G.  Smith,  Hagaman,  N.  Y. 
Roy  and  Dorothy  Blackmer,  North 
Orange,  Mass. 

Mrs.  Ira  D.  Wright,  Freeville,  N.  Y. 
George  Moase,  Pleasant  Mount,  Pa. 
Mrs.  Harold  Pierce,  Westport,  N.  Y. 
Kenneth  W.  Steves,  Whitehall,  N.  Y. 
Mrs.  G.  Wilson  Paul,  Marriottsvilie, 
Md. 

W.  Stanley  Resnick,  Swan  Lake, 
N.  Y. 

Mrs.  Lawrence  Nedrow,  King  Fer¬ 
ry,  N.  Y. 

Miss  Jane  R.  Searing,  Aurora,  N.  Y. 
Richard  L.  Bradley,  Woodstock, 
N.  H. 

Thornton  K.  Brown,  Walden,  N.  Y. 
Mulford  G.  Eldridge,  Wolcott,  Vt. 
Edna  H.  Rine,  Newton,  N.  H. 


the  Leghorn-Minorca  cross  as  I  ship 
my  eggs  to  New  York  City  where  I 
get  a  premium  for  large,  white  eggs.” 
—  Mrs.  Ira  D.  Wright. 

WATER.  “When  the  chicks  were 
taken  from  the  boxes,  each  was  given 
a  drink  of  water.  Starting  and  grow¬ 
ing  mash  was  then  placed  in  the  coops 
and  fed  on  egg  case  flats  the  first  week. 
After  that,  it  was  fed  in  hoppers.  The 
chicks  were  fed  starting  and  growing 
mash  the  first  two  months,  and  then 
were  put  on  range  until  they  were 
ready  to  put  in  the  laying  house.” — 
George  Moase. 

SAND.  “I  had  read  that  by  putting 
sand  in  the  house  under  the  litter,  the 
task  of  cleaning  was  made  a  great  deal 
easier.  I  tried  it  this  year.  A  thin 
layer  of  fine  sand  was  spread  over  the 
floor  and  under  the  stove.  Later  1 
found  it  very  beneficial.” — Mrs.  Har¬ 
old  Pierce. 

PREPARED.  “Rearing  a  brood  of 
chicks  I  bought  in  March  started  for 
( Continued  on  Page  17) 


Use  this  handy  BABY  CHICK  order  form 

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□  Please  send  me  your  latest  price  list,  catalog  or  circular. 


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ADDRESS  . . 

R.D.  or  St.  City  or  Town  State 


“I  didn’t  hear  reveille,  Sir.  Some  fool  out  there  kept  blowing  a  horn  and  l 
must’ve  missed  it!” 


Anerican  Agriculturist,  December  5,  1942 


13  (651) 


The  Sow  Herd 

In  IdJint&i 

B y  John  P.  Will  man 

Cornell  University. 

THE  ACTIVE  demand  for  feeder 
pigs  and  the  favorable  prices  that 
have  been  paid  for  market  hogs  dur¬ 
ing  the  past  year  have  caused  many 
eastern  farmers  to  breed  a  number  of 
sows  and  gilts  this  fall.  Many  of  these 
sows  are  owned  by  farmers  who  have 
had  little  or  no  experience  with  a 
breeding  herd.  Those  who  have  not 
previously  owned  a  breeding  herd 
should  have  reasonably  good  success 
if  they  feed  and  handle  their  sows  and 
gilts  properly  during  the  gestation  and 
suckling  periods. 

The  results  obtained  from  the  sow 
herd  may  be  very  gratifying  and  at 
times  may  be  as  discouraging  as  any 
enterprise  on  the  farm.  The  owner¬ 
ship  of  a  large  litter  of  healthy,  vigor¬ 
ous  suckling  pigs  is  the  objective  of 
all  who  own  a  bred  sow.  No  one  gets 
much  satisfaction  out  of  owning  litters 
of  pigs  that  are  weak  at  birth  and 
that  fail  to  grow  as  good  pigs  should. 
There  is  entirely  too  high  a  mortality 
rate  in  the  baby  pig  crop.  Some  of 
these  losses  can  be  reduced  by  the 
proper  care  of  the  pregnant  sows  and 
gilts. 

The  Breeding  Season 
The  sow  owner  who  is  interested  in 
March  farrowed  pigs  usually  tries  to 
get  his  sows  bred  during  the  month  of 
November.  The  gestation  period  is 
about  112  to  114  days  in  length.  The 
heat  period  usually  lasts  for  about 
three  days.  Most  experienced  hog 
breeders  prefer  to  have  their  sows  bred 
during  the  second  or  third  day  of  the 
heat  period  because  experience  seems 
to  indicate  that  larger  litters  are  pro¬ 
duced  when  the  sows  are  bred  late  in 
the  heat  period. 

Exercise  for  the  Sow  Herd 

Bred  sows  that  are  closely  confined 
in  a  hog  house  during  the  winter  usu¬ 
ally  do  not  give  so  good  results  at  far¬ 
rowing  time  as  the  sows  that  have  been 
forced  to  take  regular  exercise  during 
the  winter.  The  exercise  helps  to  pre¬ 
vent  the  sows  from  becoming  too  fat 
and  enables  them  to  farrow  more 
easily.  They  seem  to  recover  more 
quickly  after  farrowing  if  they  have 
been  given  regular  exercise  during  the 
gestation  period.  The  over-fat  sows 
may  produce  weak  pigs  and  in  many 
cases  are  so  clumsy  after  farrowing 
that  they  injure  or  kill  too  many  of 
their  pigs. 

When  several  sows  are  run  together  it 
will  pay  to  sort  them  according  to  their 
condition,  requirements  and  disposition. 
The  thin  sows  and  the  young  sows  or 
gilts  should  be  kept  in  one  lot  and  the 
fatter  and  “bossy”  sows  in  another  lot. 
When  this  is  done,  each  group  may  be 
fed  the  feed  it  needs  and  all  of  the 
sows  are  more  apt  to  carry  the  proper 
amount  of  flesh  at  farrowing  time.  If 
the  sows  are  too  thin  at  farrowing  time 
they  are  not  able  properly  to  feed 
their  pigs  during  the  suckling  period. 

Shelter  in  Winter 

Warm  quarters  are  not  needed  dur¬ 
ing  the  winter  for  the  sow  herd.  The 
warmest  quarters  should  be  reserved 
for  the  fall  pigs.  A  dry,  clean,  well- 
bedded  colony  house  or  other  pen  with 
the  door  opening  to  the  direction  from 
which  the  prevailing  winds  do  not 
come,  is  satisfactory  for  the  breeding 
herd.  The  doorway  may  be  partly 
covered  with  burlap. 

It  is  a  good  plan  to  locate  the  hog 
trough  about  75  or  100  yards  from  the 
sleeping  quarters.  A  hay  rack  or  feed¬ 
er  may  be  located  midway  between  the 
( Continued  on  Page  15) 


BEACON  for  Broken  Machines 


'T'HERE  was  a  rasping  crunch  as 
the  old  plow  hit  a  hidden  boul¬ 
der.  In  its  younger  days  it  would 
have  stood  the  strain,  but  this  time 
an  axle  cracked  and  a  wheel  was 
twisted  out  of  line. 


plowshares  on  the  prairie  was  re¬ 
born  in  that  modern  repair  shop. 
The  dealer  himself  became  a  "fac¬ 
tory” — rebuilt  the  plow  and  topped 
it  off  with  a  bright  red-white-and- 
blue  Farm  Commando  emblem. 


Here’s  a  chance  for  your  ma¬ 
chinery  to  " earn  its  stripes’ \ 
Get  a  beautiful  Farm  Com¬ 
mando  emblem  FREE  for 
every  Allis  -  Chalmers  ma¬ 
chine  inspected  by  your  deal¬ 
er  and  pronounced  " Ready  to 
Roll.” .  .  .  fVatch  for  your 
local  Allis-Chalmers  FARM 
COMMANDO  machinery 
and  tractor  school  —  your 
chance  to  get  helpful  ideas 
from  factory-trained  experts, 


A  farmer’s  hop  es  for  a  bumper 
Victory  crop  in  1943  depended  on 
that  plow.  He  knew  what  a  slim 
chance  there  was  to  replace  it  with 
a  new  one.  Still,  if  he  hurried,  per¬ 
haps  it  could  be  rebuilt. 

There  was  not  a  minute  to  lose. 
The  implement  dealer  already  had 
a  waiting  list  for  repair  work,  but 
he  knew  what  the  man  was  up 
against.  "Leave  it  to  me,”  he  said. 

Far  into  the  night,  the  blue-white 
glare  of  a  welding  torch  flickered 
from  the  Allis-Chalmers  dealer’s 
windows.  All  the  resourcefulness  of 
the  pioneers  who  hammered  out 


With  a  smile  of  pride  in  the  old 
machine  he  had  sold  so  many  years  eouipmemtnoim 

ago,  he  sent  it  back  to  save  another  f*V’v  1 ■  0  * TU  scrap?11* 
crop  ...  a  crop  that  must  not  fail. 


TRACTOR  D 


•CHALMERS 


•  VISION-  M  ILWAUKEE  -U.  S.  A. 


Name. 


Town 


mail  this  COMMANDO-GRAM 


Allis-Chalmers  Mfg.  Co.,  Dept.  34,  Tractor  Division,  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin 

Can  you  help  me  locate  the  following  equipment,  no  obligation  to  me: 


I  have  the  following  equipment  for  sale  to  someone  who  needs  it: 


PLEASE  PRINT  SIZE  AND  DESCRIPTION—  N  AME  AND  ADDRESS 

- - — R.F.D. 


County 


State 


GET  IN  THE  SCRAP  Scrap  metal  is  needed  for  war  materials. 
^ Gather  it  up  and  sell  it  now.  But  be  sure 
that  you  do  not  discard  machines  that  could  be  put  into  workable  shape. 


We’ll  help  you  “Keep  ’em  Humming” 

With  Genuine  1g_Roj 
Replacement  Parts 


This  grim  business  of  war  makes 
it  increasingly  difficult  for  us 
to  supply  you  with  new  farm  im¬ 
plements — much  as  we’d  like  to. 
But  we  can  cooperate  to  the  fullest 
extent  by  rushing  you  any  parts  you 
need  for  replacement  on  your  pres¬ 
ent  Le  Roy  equipment. 

Furthermore,  we  are  at  your  serv¬ 


ice  to  assist  in  the  care  and  main¬ 
tenance  of  all  Le  Roy  products.  Do 
not  hesitate  to  call  upon  us  for  ad¬ 
vice  or  technical  data  to  help  you 
step  up  and  prolong  the  efficiency 
of  your  Le  Roy  farm  machines. 
There  is  no  charge  or  obligation 
for  this  expert  advisory  service,  so 
please  make  the  most  of  it. 


LE  ROY  PLOW  COMPANY,  Le  Roy,  New  York 

SERVING  THE  FARMER  FOR  OVER  60  YEARS 


William  Geyer,  R-l,  Matawan,  N.  J. 


NO  “FISH  STORIES” 
HERE 

Advertisers  in  American 

AGRICULTURIST  know  that  it 
doesn’t  pay  to  tell  “fish  stories” 
about  the  products  they  sell.  Only 
advertisements  of  dependable  manu¬ 
facturers  are  accepted  for  publi¬ 
cation.  The  advertising  policy  of 
AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST 
safeguards  your  dollars.  Ads.  ap¬ 
pearing  in  AMERICAN  AGRICUL¬ 
TURIST  are  guaranteed.  To  take 
advantage  of  this  guarantee,  you 
must  say  you  saw  the  ad.  in  AM¬ 
ERICAN  AGRICULTURIST  when 
writing  advertisers. 


(652)  14 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  5,  1942 


JVantlieait  ManJzeti  jpJi  JVosdUeaAt  PwulUicesiA, 


"American  Agriculturists  Classified  Page 


99 


HOLSTEIN 


TRY  “WAIT  FARMS”  FIRST 

(or  your  next  Herd  Sire.  We  specialize  on  Type  and 
Production.  2  Gold  Medal  Herd  Sires,  2  Silver  Medal. 
Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  THAEUB^T  5ary,s’ 


ORCHARD  HILL  STOCK  FARM 

offers  for  sale  Carnation  bred  bulls  of  excellent  type 
from  high  producing  dams  and  sired  by 
Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

M.  R.  Klock  &  Son,  Fort  Plain,  N.Y. 


niTI  I  OUT*  OF  TOP  COW  AND 
Kill  I  TOP  BULL  SOLD  IN  1941; 

MJ  KJ  JU  JLi  seven  months  old. 

SILVER  FOREST  FARMS 

FORESTVILLE,  NEW  YORK 


For  Sale:  REGISTERED  HOLSTEINS 

Will  sell  30  head.  Your  choice  of  115.  Herd  average 
3.75%  fat  last  eighteen  months.  Many  splendid  fami¬ 
nes  that  combine  show  quality  with  high  production. 
Some  high  quality  young  bulls,  excellent  show  prospects. 
PAUL  SMITH,  NEWARK  VALLEY.  NEW  YORK. 


ALL  AGES,  BY  EXTRA 
WELL  BRED  SIRES,  FROM 
COWS  WITH  GOOD  C.T.A. 
RECORDS 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 

CAREFULLY  SELECTED  HOLSTEINS  AND  GUERN¬ 
SEYS.  LARGE  NUMBER  TO  CHOOSE  FROM. 
SOLD  FOR  CASH  OR  ON  LIBERAL  CREDIT  TERMS. 

STATE  DAIRY  CATTLE  CO.,  Inc. 

B.  N.  MILLARD,  Pres.  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 

3  miles  south  of  Ithaca  on  Routes  13  and  34. 
Phone:  Ithaca  2015. 


HOLSTEIN  BULL  CALVES  FOR  SALE 

Sons  of  King  Constance  Ormsby  Ideal,  whose  7  nearest 
dams  average  934.32  lbs.  fat,  3.9%,  24439  lbs.  milk. 
His  dam  made  600  lbs.  fat,  4.0%  as  an  aged  cow  on 
2  time  milking.  Bull  calves  out  of  high  producing  good 
type  dams  at  reasonable  prices.  PAUL  STERUSKY, 
SUNNYHILL  DAIRY  FARM.  LITTLE  FALLS,  N.  Y. 


GUERNSEY 


Tarbell 

Guernsey 

Farms 

Smithville 
Flats,  N.Y. 


365  HEAD  FEDERAL 
ACCREDITED  NEGATIVE 

FOR  SALE:  Young  bulls  and  a  few 
heifer  calves  closely  related  to  Tarbell 
Farms  Peerless  Margo,  18501  lbs.  Milk, 
1013  lbs.  Fat,  World's  Champion  Jr. 
3  year  old,  also  to  Tarbell  Farms  Royal 
Lenda  20508  lbs.  Milk.  1109  lbs.  Fat, 
World’s  Champion  Jr.  4  year  old. 
Visitors  Welcome.  Full  information 
furnished  on  request. 


For  Sale:  Registered  Guernsey  Bulls. 

READY  FOR  SERVICE,  FROM  GOO  LB.  DAMS. 
FEW  HEIFERS  UNDER  ONE  YEAR. 

Price  reasonable  (a  good  time  to  buy). 

Lake  Delaware  Farms,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 


JERSEYS 


FOR  SALE:  PUREBRED  JERSEYS. 

Vaccinated  as  calves;  now  negative  on  Bangs  test. 
Accredited  herd.  Sybil  breeding  from  famous  Ogdon 
Mills  Herd.  Herd  sire  a  grandson  of  Sociable  Sybil. 
Reasonably  priced. 

B.  W.  MURRAY,  Campbell  Hall,  Orange  County,  N.Y. 


AYRSHIRE 


REGISTERED  AYRSHIRE  COWS, 

HEIFERS  AND  YOUNG  STOCK  FOR  SALE. 
APPROVED  BLOODTESTED  HERD. 

Mrs.  Lottie  A.  Marks,  Deposit,  N.  Y. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEINS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 


ABERDEEN -ANGUS 


FOR  SALE  —  BEEF  CATTLE 

180  HEAD  OF  ABERDEEN-ANGUS  CATTLE. 
COWS,  HEIFERS  AND  STEERS. 

Howard  G.  Davis,  Branchport,  N.  Y. 


Dec 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 


Cattle  Sales 

9-10  150th  Anniversary  Eariville  Holstein  Sale. 

Earlville,  N.  Y. 

14- 15  4-H  Lamb  and  Hog  Sale,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Coming  Events 

7  Annual  Meeting  of  the  American  Farm 
Bureau  Federation,  Chicago,  III. 

7-  8  Annual  Convention  of  National  Vegetable 

Growers’  Ass’n.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

7- 9  Annual  Convention  of  National  Vegetable 

Growers’  Ass’n.  of  America,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

8-  P  Connecticut  Pomological  Society  Meeting, 

Garde  Hotel,  Hartford. 

8- 11  New  York  State  Grange,  Syracuse. 

15- 16  Annual  Convention  of  New  York  State 

Farm  Equipment  Dealers’  Ass’n.,  Hotel 
Onondaga,  Syracuse. 

6-  7  Annual  Meeting  of  Massachusetts  Fruit 
Growers’  Ass’n.,  Worcester. 

6-  7  Annual  Meeting  of  Maryland  State  Horti¬ 
cultural  Society,  Hagerstown. 

6-10  New  York  Poultry  Show,  New  York  City. 
12-14  Pennsylvania  Farm  Show,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
12-14  Pennsylvania  State  Horticulture  Ass’n.  An¬ 
nual  Meeting,  Harrisburg. 

12- 15  Vermont  Union  Agricultural  Meeting,  Bur. 

lington. 

13- 17  Boston  Poultry  Show,  Boston  Garden,  Bos¬ 

ton,  Mass. 

26-29  27th  Annual  New  Jersey  Agricultural 
Week,  Trenton. 


SHORTHORNS 


Purebred  Dual  Purpose  Shorthorn  Bulls 

BEST  FOB  THE  GENERAL  FARMER. 
Tell  us  the  age  you  desire. 

WM.  J.  BREW  &  SONS,  Bergen,  N.  Y. 


HEREFORRS 


FOR  SALE:  I  YEAR  OLD 

Registered  Polled  Hereford  Bull. 

I  6-mo.  Polled  Hereford  Heifer.  I  6-mo.  old  Registered 
Polled  Hereford  Bull.  A  few  gallons  maple  syrup. 

R.  FRANK  LEWIS,  BERLIN,  N.  Y. 


HOP  CREEK  FARMS 

Still  have  some  polled  and  horned  Here¬ 
ford  Bulls,  one  and  two  years  old;  sold 
out  of  cows  and  heifers.  More  for  sale 
in  fall  of  1943. 

JOSEPH  L.  MOREAU 

Superintendent,  HOLMDEL,  N.  J. 

HEREFORDS — Purebred,  Registered; 

three  2  year  olds,  will  calve  in  December,  excellent 
for  foundation  stock.  Herd  T.B.  and  blood  tested. 
Also  bred  cows,  cows  and  calves,  heifers  and  bulls. 

BOB-O-LINK  FARMS,  Wolcott,  N.  Y. 


SWINE 


Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 


Quality  Poland  China  Breeding  Stock 

Hardy  herd — See  it.  Now  offering  rugged,  long,  deep, 
smooth,  thick,  spring  gilts,  bred  to  either  of  our 
Champion  boars,  for  littei's.  Also,  early  and  late  fall 
pigs,  either  sex.  Many  by  the  GREAT  G.  B.  Can 
furnish  unrelated  males  and  females. 

GREENFIELD  FARMS,  TIFFIN,  OHIO. 


FOR  SALE  — 

100  Lb.  Purebred  Berkshire  Boar  Pig 

One  yearling  boar.  Eventuation  and  Willow  Baron 
breeding.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Triangle  Farms,  Rock  Stream,  N.  Y. 


GOATS 


NUBIAN  DAIRYGOATS 

HERBERT  GERICKE, 

1168  Richmond  Avenue,  Port  Richmond, 
Staten  Island,  New  York. 


BRED  SAANEN  GOATS 

two  are  yearlings  at  $20  each;  also  one  milk  goat  at 
$25.  Each  is  a  big,  husky  doe,  and  is  bred  to  our 
purebred,  pedigreed  Saanen  herd  sire.  Act  quick  if 
you  want  real  bargains.  TWIN  PINE  GOAT  FARM, 
Route  I,  Box  III,  WANTAGH,  L.  I„  NEW  YORK. 


DOGS 


POULTRYMEN  — 

Five,  Tough,  WATCH  DOGS,  ready. 

What  do  you  offer? 

Cliff  Ridge  Kennels,  Jefferson,  N.  Y. 


RABBITS 


Raise  Angora  Rabbits  for  Wool. 

$6.95  will  start  you  with  pair.  No  killing  to  profit. 
Raised  easy.  PLENTY  MARKETS  for  wool.  Instruc¬ 
tions  for  care  sent  you  with  RABBITS.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed.  BONNIE’S  BUNNYLAND,  MASTIC, 
NEW  YORK,  MONTAUK  HIGHWAY. 


USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT 


ONE  USED  47,000  EGG 

Smith  Incubator  with  Attachments. 

18  BATTERY  CHICK  BROODERS  WITH  ATTACH¬ 
MENTS.  GOOD  CONDITION. 

FEDERAL  DEPOSIT  INSURANCE  CORPORATION, 
HOLLEY,  NEW  YORK. 


EQUIPMENT  WANTED 


USED  SURGE  MILKERS  WANTED. 

Describe  what  you  have  and  price 
expected. 

E,  V.  BEACH,  R.F.D.  3,  banle^toynorskpa 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 


Good  Bldgs.,  117  Acres;  Equipped 

Owner  reports  income  up  to  $3000  a  year  here — 75  a. 
for  crops,  spring-watered  pasture,  est.  800  cords  wood, 
300  sugar  maples:  few  min.  to  village  and  depot  town, 
half  hour  to  city;  attractive  9  rms.,  furnace,  phone, 
1200  ft.  elevation,  38x62  barn,  silo,  other  buildings: 
insured  for  $5300;  incapacitated  owner’s  low  price, 
$4400,  team,  5  cows,  3  heifers,  150  hens,  machinery 
and  crops  thrown  in;  terms;  pg.  36  Big  Catalog — Write 
for  Free  Copy. 

STROUT  REALTY 

255- R  4th  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


HELP  WANTED 


WANTED:  COUNTRY  BANK  NEAR  CENTRAL  PART 
OF  NEW  YORK  STATE  HAS 

SECRETARIAL  POSITION  OPEN. 

SOME  EXPERIENCE  DESIRED.  REFERENCES. 
BOX  NO.  514-W, 

C/o  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  ITHACA.  N.  Y. 


SITUATION  WANTED 


WANTS  A  JOB  ON  A  FARM. 

ALL  AROUND  FARM  HAND,  TEAMSTER,  AND  TO 
DRIVE  TRACTOR  OR  BARN  WORK. 

PRICE  $60  A  MONTH. 

Arnold  G.  Christian,  Whallonsburg,  N.Y. 


Alice  F.  Blythe,  R-l,  Hannibal,  N.  Y. 
JVWVWUWAWAVVVWWWWV 

When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
It  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


POULTRY 

EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

U.  S.  R.O.P.  BREEDING  MALES. 

ORDER  NOW. 

James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  TrumanBs°bXurgA’  n.  y. 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS,  R.  I.  REDS,  NEW 
HAMPSHIRES,  BARRED  CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


S>  C.  White  Leghorns— so  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 
the  McGregor  farm,  box  a,  Maine,  n.  y. 


RICH  POULTRY  FARMS 

Leghorns  Progeny  Tested  Reds 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND— 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS.  12,000  BIRDS— 
Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de¬ 
scribes  our  method  of  gi owing  pullets  and  feeding  layer*. 

Wallace  H.  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 


W alter  Rich’s 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 

LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 

OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 

WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 
WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAMPSHIRES, 
BARRED  ROCKS,  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
It  takes  high  quality  stock  to  produce  the  extra  eggs 
and  meat  needed  in  times  like  these.  Mapes  stock 
is  famous  for  quick  growth  and  heavy  production. 
100%  Pullorum  free.  Write  for  folder  and  prices. 

WILLIAM  S.  MAPES,  MIJJ,5“n%  Y 


CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 


BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  U.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
List  describing  our  Leghorns,  Reds,  and 
crossbreds. 

Eli  H.  Bodine,  Box  28,  Chemung,  N.  Y. 


ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

N.  Y.-U.  S.  APPROVED  WHITE  LEGHORNS,  REDS, 
BARRED  CROSS  AND  WHITE  ROCKS. 

They  Live  —  They  Lay  —  They  Pay 

PULLORUM  FREE.  SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 
Details  on  request. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER 

Box  C,  GALLUP VILLE,  N.  Y. 


C.  &  G.  FARMS 

BREEDERS  OF  R.  I.  REDS  AND  RED-ROCK-CROSSES 
Trapnested  and  progeny  tested  for  years.  B.W.D.  free. 
Satisfaction  is  our  motto. 

BOX  5,  Ballston  Lake,  New  York. 


Advertisers  on  This  Page  Reach  More  Than  190,000  Subscribers 

Write  your  advertisement  below  and  mail  to  American  Agriculturist,  Advertising  Dept.,  Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


Name -  Address 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 

Hits  classified  page  is  for  the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  -farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications; 
LIVESTOCK — Cattle.  Swine,  Sheep.  Horses,  Dogs,  Rabbits.  Goats.  Mink,  Ferrets;  FARM  PRODUCE — -Field 
Beeds,  Hay  and  Straw.  Maple  Syrup,  Honey.  Pop  Corn.  Miscellaneous;  POULTRY— Breeding  Stock.  Hatching  Eggs: 
EMPLOYMENT — Help  Wanted.  Situation  Wanted;  FARM  REAL  ESTATE — Farms  for  Sale.  Farms  Wanted’ 
USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT— For  Sale.  Wanted. 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers'  classified  advertising  rates.  Two 
advertising  space  units  are  ottered  as  follows:  space  one  inch  deett  one  column  wide  at  $6.00  per  issue  or 
space  one-half  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.00  per  issue.  Copy  must  be  received  at  American  Agriculturist. 
Advertising  Dept.,  Box  514,  Ithaca,  N.  Y..  11  days  before  publication  date.  No  Baby  Chick  advertising  ac¬ 
cepted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows:  Jan.  3,  17,  31;  Feb.  14.  28;  Mar.  14.  28;  April  II.  25: 
May  9,  23;  June  6,  20;  July  4.  18;  Aug.  I,  15,  29;  Sept  12,  26;  Oct.  10,  24;  Nov.  7.  21:  Deo.  5.  19. 


Ai  terican  Agriculturist,  December  5,  1942 


15  (653) 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


THE  LIVESTOCK  and  meat  situa¬ 
tion  is  in  such  a  mess  that  I  hesi¬ 
tate  to  report  that  “it  can  happen 
here.”  With  the  greatest  supply  of 
livestock  being  marketed  in  our  his¬ 
tory,  small  killers  and  packers  are  go¬ 
ing  out  of  business  and  most  sections 
of  the  country  are  reporting  meat 
scarcity  and  shortages. 

This  is  not  now  a  ceiling  or  price 
situation.  That  fiasco  apparently 
wasn’t  functioning  to  suit,  so  the  quota 
system  was  invoked.  Under  this  limi¬ 
tation,  no  packer  or  slaughterer  can 
sell  for  civilian  use,  in  this  three 
months  period,  over  70  per  cent  of  the 
beef  or  pork  that  he  sold  in  the  months 
of  October,  November  and  December 
of  last  year. 

Actually,  this  is  how  that  works  or 
is  failing  to  work.  One  packer,  who 
killed  about  six  hundred  cattle  last 
week,  killed  thirty-five  this  week.  An¬ 
other,  who  kills  around  five  hundred  a 
week,  has  quit  because  he  is  already 
up  to,  or  nearly  up  to,  his  quota  for 
the  three  months.  Now  you  are  be¬ 
lieving,  as  they  apparently  thought  in 
Washington,  that  this  would  tend  to 
lower  livestock  prices — but — if  you  are 
a  big  packer  with  Government  orders, 
you  can  kill  all  you  want  to  and  sell  all 
over  70  per  cent  to  the  Army,  Lend- 
Lease,  etc.  This  highly  unfair  and 
ruinous  situation  precludes  any  lower 
prices,  and  only  adds  expensive  and 
ruthless  disruptions  to  the  problems  of 
distribution  and  supply. 

Then  this  two  and  one-half  pound 
ration  per  person  we  are  hearing  so 
much  about,  and  which  will  almost 
surely  be  with  us,  has  most  alarming 
features  in  actual  practice.  Suppose 
you  gdt  two  and  one-half  pounds  of 
"round”,  all  clear  meat,  and  I  get  two 
and  one-half  pounds  of  neck,  or  two- 
thirds  bone  and  gristle.  Suppose  you 
pay  fifty  cents  a  pound,  what  am  I  go¬ 
ing  to  pay?  Suppose  they  bone  and 
trim  the  whole  carcass;  then  on  what 
basis  can  ceilings  be  made?  Suppose 
you  want  good  steer  meat,  and  I  do, 
too.  Then  who  is  going  to  eat  the  old 
cows,  and  how?  Perhaps  they  will 
eventually  put  it  on  a  straight  dollar 
basis,  then  how  about  the  larger  cuts, 
such  as  roasts,  legs  of  lamb,  etc. 

Here  are  some  truly  ALARMING 
figures : 

Livestock  slaughter  has  been  and  is 
continuing  to  break  all  records.  More 
thaft  8,400,000  head  were  killed  in  Fed¬ 
eral  Inspected  plants  alone  in  the  one 
month  of  October.  These  animals  do 
not  mature  over  night,  and  they  are 
gone. 

Cattle  slaughter  was  29,000  head 
greater  in  October  than  in  any  previ¬ 
ous  record-breaking  month  in  our  his¬ 
tory,  and  33  per  cent  greater  than  the 


October  average  for  the  past  five  years. 

Calf  slaughter  was  the  greatest  in 
October  of  any  month  since  in  1936. 

Hog  slaughter  was  16  per  cent 
greater  than  slaughter  a  year  ago  in 
October;  and  listen  to  this— 32  per  cent 
greater  than  the  October  five  year  av¬ 
erage. 

For  you  men  with  lambs,  either  near¬ 
ly  ready  for  market  or  on  feed,  the 
October  kill  was  by  far  the  largest 
ever  recorded,  breaking  the  record  for 
the  previous  high  month  by  over 
500,000  head.  It  was  a  39  per  cent  in¬ 
crease  over  the  kill  of  October  last 
year,  and  a  43  per  cent  increase  over 
the  five  year  average.  Farm  livestock 
has  already  been  marketed  to  the 
point  of  a  real  shortage. 

Fortunately,  our  Northeast  has 
greatly  increased  meat  animals,  breed¬ 
ing  and  feeding,  while  the  rest  of  the 
country  has  been  going  through  this 
liquidation.  Unfortunately,  farm  lead¬ 
ers  in  the  Eastern  States  have  quite 
generally  not  recognized  this  tremend¬ 
ous  increase  in  breeding  and  feeding 
or  the  liquidation  of  so  many  dairy- 
cow  operations.  Let  us  hope  they  will 
all  get  together  on  this  livestock  pro¬ 
gram  soon. 

— a.  a. — 

THE  SOW  HERD 
IN  WINTER 

( Continued  from  Page  13) 

sleeping  quarters  and  the  hog  trough. 
During  favorable  weather  the  sows  will 
spend  much  time  between  feedings 
eating  alfalfa,  clover  or  soybean  hay. 
This  arrangement  forces  the  sows  to 
take  exercise. 

Feeding  the  Sow  Herd 

Rules  for  feeding  pregnant  sows  and 
gilts  may  be  helpful,  but  should  not 
be  followed  blindly.  Ordinarily  a 
thin  sow  will  get  along  on  about  1 % 
pounds  and  a  gilt  1%  to  2  pounds  of 
feed  daily  for  each  one  hundred  pounds 
of  body  weight.  This  amount  usually 
should  be  increased  during  the  last  five 
or  six  weeks  of  the  gestation  period.  If 
the  sows  have  access  to  alfalfa  in  a 
hay  rack  or  if  they  are  putting  on  too 
much  condition,  then  smaller  amounts 
may  be  needed. 

The  best  results  will  be  obtained  at 
farrowing  time  if  the  bred  sows  and 
gilts  have  been  fed  adequate  rations. 
The  sows  can  use  to  very  good  ad¬ 
vantage  large  quantities  of  waste  feeds 
such  as  garbage,  bakery  refuse,  cooked 
cull  beans  and  cooked  potatoes.  These 
feeds  should  be  supplemented  with 
farm  grains  and  with  protein-rich  feeds 
such  as  milk  products,  tankage,  fish¬ 
meal  or  meat  scraps.  The  rations 
should  include  a  liberal  amount  of  le¬ 
gume  hay.  Ten  to  fifteen  per  cent  of 
ground  legume  hay  may  be  mixed  with 
the  ration  if  the  sows  do  not  have  ac¬ 
cess  to  hay  in  a  rack.  The  leaves  that 
shatter  from  the  hay  that  is  thrown 
out  of  the  mow  may  be  used  in  the 
grain  mixture  if  ground  legume  hay 
is  not  available. 

Many  rations  may  be  suggested  that 
are  satisfactory  for  the  bred  sows  or 
gilts.  As  a  rule  and  especially  if  no 
milk  products  are  fed,  these  rations 
should  contain  from  3  to  5  per  cent  of 


Old  Doc  got  the  bear ,  alright,  but  his  feet  played  out  on  the  way  home ” 


tankage,  fishmeal  or  meat  scraps.  If 
these  protein  concentrates  of  animal 
origin  are  not  available  then  one  and 
cne-half  pounds  of  soybean  oil  meal 
may  be  substituted  for  each  pound  of 
the  tankage,  fishmeal  or  meat  scraps. 

Minerals 

It  is  recommended  that  the  bred 
sows  and  gilts  also  be  given  free  ac¬ 
cess  to  a  suitable  mineral  mixture. 
This  mixture  may  consist  of  40  per 
cent  ground  limestone,  40  per  cent 
steamed  bonemeal  and  20  per  cent  salt. 
Some  preliminary  studies  at  Cornell 
University  indicate  that  it  may  be  wise 
to  include  iodized  salt  in  the  mineral 
mixture  used  for  the  bred  sows.  The 
mineral  mixture  may  be  supplied  in  a 
hardwood  box  that  is  located  in  a 
sheltered  place  or  may  be  mixed  with 
the  ration  at  th§  rate  of  one  pound  of 
mineral  mixture  in  each  100  pounds  of 
feed.  Minerals  may  not  be  necessary 
if  the  rations  contain  protein  concen¬ 
trates  of  animal  origin,  but  the  above 
mineral  mixture  is  not  very  expensive 
and  a  small  percentage  may  prove  to 
be  good  insurance  if  included  in  the 
rations  for  the  brood  sows  during  the 
feeding  period. 

— a.  a. — 

"THE  FARMER’S 
SHOP  BOOK” 

The  farm  shop  is  becoming  an  im¬ 
portant  part  of  the  farm  business,  and 
a  good  way  to  get  the  most  out  of  the 
shop  is  to  refer  frequently  to  “The 
Farmer’s  Shop  Book”  by  Louis  M. 
Roehl  of  the  New  York  State  College 
of  Agriculture. 

This  book  has  gone  through  eleven 
printings,  evidence  enough  that  farm¬ 
ers  find  it  valuable.  It  is  published  by 
the  Bruce  Publishing  Company,  Mil¬ 
waukee,  Wisconsin.  Professor  Roehl 
has  been  a  frequent  contributor  to  Am¬ 
erican  Agriculturist,  his  latest  story 
being  “Fitting  a  Crosscut  Saw”  in  the 
November  21  issue. 

—  A.  A.  t — 

LYE  —  An  economical  but  effective 
cleaner  for  poultry  houses  is  ordinary 
household  lye  dissolved  in  hot  water 
at  the  rate  of  about  4  ounces  to  a  pail¬ 
ful  of  water. 

The  most  common  fault  in  cleaning 
poultry  houses  is  to  spray  on  a  strong¬ 
smelling  disinfectant  without  first 
■cleaning  the  house  right  down  to  the 
boards  or  concrete. 


You  can’t  afford  slow-downs  in  milk 
yield  due  to  injuries  or  congestion  of 
udder  tissues.  Play  safe  by  letting 


Well-kept 

UDDERS 

bring  gladdening 
milk  checks 


BAG  BALM  guard  the  teats  and 
udder  against  dangers  from  cuts,  chaps, 
injuries  and  infected  wounds.  This  bland, 
clean  ointment  is  antiseptic  on  contact, 
STAYS  PUT  and  is  invaluable  for  massage 
of  Caked  Bag.  At  dealers,  or  by  mail,  60 


FAMILIAR 
GREEN  TINS  — OR 
IN  THE  ROUND  WAR.TIME 


DAIRY  ASS’N.  CO.,  INC., 

Dept.  12-B 

LYNDONVILLE,  VT. 


Walter  Lux,  Tel.  0086,  Woburn,  Mass. 

CHESTER  &  YORKSHIRE  CROSS,  BERKSHIRE  & 
CHESTER  CROSS  PIGS. 

6  to  7  weeks  old,  $6.50  each;  8  to  10  weeks  old,  $7.00 
each;  10  to  12  weeks  old,  $8.00  each.  All  large  type 
stock.  Ship  2  or  more  C.O.D.  Check  or  money  order. 
If  they  please  you  keep  them,  if  not  return  them. 


DELA' 


TNE  LAVAL  is  doing  its  best  to 
“*■7  speed  the  war  effort.  More 
milk,  cream  and  other  dairy  prod¬ 
ucts — our  most  essential  foods — are 
being  produced  in  less  time,  with 
less  labor  on  thousands  of  farms, 
with  De  Laval  Milkers  and  Separa 
tors  .  .  .  De  Laval  factories  are  doing 
important  precision  war  work  as  well 
as  making  as  many  standard  De  Laval 
products  as  our  Government  desires 
us  to  do  .  .  .  De  Laval  Dealers  every¬ 
where  are  servicing  and  recondition¬ 
ing  users’  machines  .  .  .  Fortunately 
De  Laval  Milkers  and  Separators  are 
quality-made  for  long  service — they  are 
the  world’s  best — easy  to  adjust  and  re¬ 
condition  ...  If  you  do  not  know  the  name 
of  your  dealer,  write  nearest  office  below. 

THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO. 

New  York  Chicago  San  Francisco 

165  Broadway  427  Randolph  St.  61  Beale  St. 


(654)  1 6 


MIDAMERICAN 

^AGRICULTURIST 

* 


WOOD  STANCHIONS:A  mod' 

■■■■■BwwBcnHMMHHExmraB  em  dairy 
barn  is  a  necessity  on  a  farm  producing 
fluid  milk,  but  what  is  a  dairyman  to  do 
when  he  cannot  buy  modern  steel  stalls 
and  other  equipment?  THE  LOUDEN 
MACHINERY  COMPANY,  Fairfield, 
Iowa,  has  the  answer.  They  have  just 
published  a  pamphlet  “How  to  Build  ‘Vic¬ 
tory’  Cow  Stalls,  Stanchions  and  Pens.” 
Definite  plans  are  given  for  putting  in 
concrete  floors  and  wooden  stanchions 
and  stalls  in  a  way  that  will  permit  easy 
changeover  to  steel  equipment  when  it 
becomes  available.  You  can  get  a  copy 
of  the  booklet  on  request.  Just  address 
The  Louden  Machinery  Company,  Fair- 
field,  Iowa. 


"VITAMIN  II:  Vitamin  D  is  an  im- 

port  ant  ingredient 
in  poultry  rations.  Without  the  research 
work  of  various  scientists,  poultry  keep¬ 
ers  would  now  be  facing  a  Vitamin  D 
shortage.  Looming  very  important  in  this 
research  is  the  work  done  by  Du  Pont 
chemists  leading  up  to  their  discovery  of 
“D”-Activated  Animal  Sterol,  now  mar¬ 
keted  under  the  trade  name  of  “Delster- 
ol.”  If  you  would  like  more  information 
about  this,  write  E.  I.  DU  PONT  DE 
NEMOURS  AND  COMPANY,  Organic 
Chemicals  Department  AA-21,  Wilming¬ 
ton,  Delaware. 


WOOD:  Readers  of  Avierican  Agri- 
mmmmummtmmm ■  culturist  who  have  farm 
woodlots  will  be  especially  interested  in 
the  booklet  “After  the  War  .  .  .  Wood  !” 
published  by  the  WEYERHAEUSER 
SALES'  COMPANY,  First  National  Bank 
Building,  St.  Paul,  Minnesota.  Drop  a 
post  card  to  the  address  given,  and  the 
Weyerhaeuser  Sales  Company  will  gladly 
send  you  one. 


PATENT: 


The  COOPERATIVE  G. 

„ _  L.  F.  EXCHANGE  of 

Ithaca,  New  York,  tell  us  that  the  lime¬ 
spreading  equipment  developed  by  Mer¬ 
rill  Dake  is  now  patented  and  that  the 
patent  rights  have  been  assigned  to  the 
Cooperative  G.L.F.  Exchange  for  thq 
benefit  of  G.L.F.  patrons. 


NEW  EINE:  Fairbanks,  morse 

AND  COMPANY,  600 
S.  Michigan  Avenue,  Chicago,  Illinois, 
have  announced  a  new  line  of  corn  shelt¬ 
ers.  This  was  made  possible  by  acquir¬ 
ing  stover  patterns  and  .allocations  for 
corn  shellers.  Production  of  corn  shelters 
has  been  restricted,  but  the  available 
units  will  be  distributed  as  evenly  as  pos¬ 
sible  to  dealers  in  corn-growing  areas. 


TOO  MUCH:  Thif?  war  has 

bhbbbhw  brought  something 
new.  Commercial  concerns  are  spending 
good  hard  cash  not  to  increase  business 
but  to  lessen  it.  For  example,  there  is 
the  current  advertising  campaign  of  the 
BELL  TELEPHONE  SYSTEM,  asking 
the  public  to  avoid  making  long-distance 
calls  to  centers  of  war  activity  unless 
they  are  vital.  Of  course,  the  Bell  Tele¬ 
phone  System  would  like  to  give  full 


A  WAR  TIRE: 


Manufactured  by 
the  GOODYEAR 
TIRE  AND  RUBBER  COMPANY  from 


the  nation’s  scrap  pile,  this  tire,  if  used 
in  accordance  with  the  recommendations 
of  the  Barauch  Committee  on  Rubber 
Conservation,  will  give  up  to  10,000  miles 
service. 


service  to  every  customer,  but  the  ma¬ 
terials  necessary  are  just  not  available 
for  them  to  build  the  extra  lines  needed. 

EXPANDING:  The  Special  Prod- 

■■■■■■■■■■■■■■  ucts  Division  of 
THE  BORDEN  COMPANY  has  added 
Dr.  H.  N.  Brocklesby  to  its  staff.  Dr. 
Brocklesby  is  the  former  Chief  Chemist 
of  the  Fisheries  Research  Board  of  Can¬ 
ada,  and  is  an  authority  on  marine  ani¬ 
mal  oils  and  vitamins.  His  appointment 
marks  another  step  in  the  rapidly  ex¬ 
panding  position  of  Borden  in  the  vita¬ 
min,.  fish  oil,  and  special  product  field. 

ME  AES*  THE  bureau  of  milk 

PUBLICITY  of  the  State 
of  New  York  have  done  an  outstanding 
job  of  selling  milk  to  the  consuming 
public.  Farmers  as  well  as  city  people 
are  milk  corisumers,  and  farm  house¬ 
wives  will  find  much  helpful  information 
in  the  “Victory  Meal  Planner”,  which 
you  can  obtain  without  cost  from  the 
Bureau  of  Milk  Publicity,  Albany,  New 
York.  Be  sure  to  mention  American 
Agriculturist  when  you  write. 

HEAT:  From  general  electric 

COMPANY  comes  a  very  help¬ 
ful  booklet  called  “Tips  on  Fuel  Conserva¬ 
tion.”  It  points  out  methods  of  keeping 
your  heating  system  in  proper  adjustment 
and  repair,  as  well  as  a  number  of  ways 
in  which  heat  can  be  conserved.  You 
can  get  your  copy  by  writing  to  the  Gen¬ 
eral  Electric  Company,  Air  Conditioning 
and  Commercial  Refrigeration  Depart¬ 
ment,  Bloomfield,  New  Jersey. 

Buy  War  Bonds 


INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  COMPANY  trucks  are  being  used  to  string  heavy 
pipe  along  the  emergency  pipeline  right-of-way  from  East  Texas  to  Illinois  and 
Indiana.  The  pipe  is  24  inches  in  diameter,  and  the  550-mile  pipeline  is  expected  to 
carry  about  300,000  barrels  of  oil  a  day.  It  will  be  finished  soon  after  Christmas. 


A)  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  5,  1945 


DAIRYMEN  PROCLAIM 
THEIR  OWN  WARES 


or  else  it  would  not  only  persist  but 
continually  increase  through  the  years. 

Somehow  or  other,  unlike  most  com¬ 
modities,  farm  products  have  with  two 
or  three  notable  exceptions,  never  en¬ 
joyed  the  opportunities  of  building  up 
sales  by  judicious  advertising.  Per¬ 
haps  this  has  been  because  farmers  as 
a  class  are  modest  folk,  not  accustom¬ 
ed  to  proclaim  their  own  virtues. 
Perhaps  it  has  been  because  we  have 
felt  that  our  products  were  so  excel¬ 
lent  and  so  essential  that  they  would 
do  their  own  advertising  —  which  is 
very  largely  true.  Most  of  all,  per¬ 
haps  it  is  because  any  really  effective 
advertising  of  farm  products  can  only 
be  done  on  a  cooperative  basis  and  the 
farmer  is  just  learning  thus  to  work 
together.  If  John  Citizen  of  UpState 
Comers,  whose  milk  goes  to  the  big 
city  market,  should  decide  to  do  his  bit 
in  advertising  his  product,  his  entire 
resources  would  not  allow  him  to  make 
even  a  beginning.  But  if  he  can'  co¬ 
operate  with  his  eighty  thousand  col¬ 
leagues,  a  little  contribution  from  each 
one  might  finance  a  campaign  which 
would  at  least  let  the  city  consumer 
know  a  little  about  this  business  of 
making  milk. 

But  the  dairyman  is  making  a  start 
in  this  business  of  proclaiming  the  ex¬ 
cellencies  of  the  product  he  has  to  sell. 
For  more  than  eight  years,  New  York 
State  has  had  a  Bureau  of  Milk  Pub¬ 
licity,  charged  with  the  duty  of  estab¬ 
lishing  cordial  relations  between  pro¬ 
ducers  and  consumers  and  promoting 
the  use  of  milk  by  calling  attention  to 
its  unique  place  in  nutrition  and  em¬ 
phasizing  its  relationship  to  health  and 
its  desirability  and  economy  as  a  food. 
The  amount  of  money  devoted  to  this 
purpose  is  three  hundred  thousand  dol¬ 
lars.  Contrary  to  what  very  many 
people  believe,  this  is  not  an  appro¬ 
priation  from  the  general  funds  of  the 
State  but  it  is  money  derived  from  the 
industry  itself.  All  milk  sold  as  mar¬ 
ket  milk  (but  not  that  used  for  butter 
or  cheese  or  ice  cream  or  other  manu¬ 
factured  product)  pays  into  the  fund 
three-quarters  of  one  cent  per  hun¬ 
dred  pounds — a  tax  that  is  equally  di¬ 
vided  between  the  distributor  and  the 
dairyman.  You  may  put  it  this  way. 
If  a  dairyman  milks  fifteen  cows  which 
average  six  thousand  pounds  per  cow, 
then  his  contribution  to  the  fund  will  be 
almost  exactly  one  dollar  per  year.  The 
distributor,  who  buys  his  product,  will 
contribute  an  equal  amount.  At  first 
thought,  the  expenditure  of  almost  a 
third  of  a  million  dollars  a  year  for 
milk  advertising  seems  a  lot  of  money. 
This  is  so  because  of  the  vast  extent 
of  our  business.  Reduced  to  the  cost 
to  the  individual  dairyman,  it  becomes 
an  almost  negligible  sum — enough  on 
the  average  to  buy  a  half  a  bag  of 
dairy  ration.  Compared  with  the 
sums  spent  to  popularize  beer  or  whis¬ 
key  or  cigarettes,  it  is  utterly  in¬ 
significant,  although  most  of  us  feel 
that  we  Have  a  more  worthy  product. 

The  public  needs  education  regard¬ 
ing  the  economy  and  dietetic  values  of 
milk.  In  the  past,  most  people  have 
thought  of  milk  as  something  for 
babies  and  invalids,  and  to  be  used  in 
cooking  and  perhaps  put  in  tea  and 
coffee.  What  we  as  dairymen  need  is 
a  realization  that  it  is  the  world’s 
most  perfect  food,  palatable,  economical, 
a  health-builder  which  ought  to  be  an 
important  factor  in  the  diet  of  nearly 
all  folk  from  the  cradle  to  the  grave. 
Once  we  can  establish  this  conviction, 
there  will  be  no  more  worry  over  that 
surplus  above  market-milk  needs 
which  must  find  a  market  in  the  lower 
classifications  and  so  lowers  the  price 
of  the  whole. 

The  line  of  the  Milk  Publicity  Bureau 
in  approaching  the  consumer  is  to 


(Continued  from 
Page  1) 

make  the  appeal  that  milk  is  not  only 
for  children  and  to  use  in  baking  and 
cooking,  but  it  is  a  product,  which 
above  anything  else,  deserves  the  name 
“THE  PERFECT  FOOD.” 

There  is  a  feeling  on  the  part  of 
some  people  that  while  advertising 
milk  may  be  sound  policy  under  nor¬ 
mal  conditions,  yet  at  this  particular 
time  there  is  no  justification  for  try¬ 
ing  to  increase  the  use  of  milk.  While 
it  is  true  that  there  have  been  reports 
Of  milk  shortages  in  certain  localities, 
notably  near  some  of  the  southern 
military  camps,  yet  as  of  late  Novem¬ 
ber,  the  New  York  State  Department 
of  Agriculture  and  Markets  estimates 
that  there  is  still  in  the  Metropolitan 
milk-shed  about  thirty-one  per  cent  of 
the  milk  which  must  seek  a  market 
other  than  liquid  milk.  That  is  still 
a  long  way  from  shortage.  But  the 
war  has  provided  us  with  a  golden  op¬ 
portunity  to  advertise  and  popularize 
our  product.  However,  a  State-spon¬ 
sored  advertising  campaign  must  watch 
its  step  with  particular  care,  lest  we 
trespass  across  the  line  of  ethical  ad¬ 
vertising.  For  example,  we  might  like 
to  say  over  the  air  perhaps:  “Are  you 
short  of  coffee?— Drink  a  glass  of  milk 
instead — You’ll  he  the  better  for  the 
change However,  the  coffee  people 
would  not  allow  this  for  a  moment. 
We  might  vary  it  and  say,  “Is  beef¬ 
steak  too  expensive  and  hard  to  get? 
Then  serve  the  family  plenty  of  milk. 
It  is  good  for  your  health  and  easier 
on  your  pocketbook.”  But  then  we 
should  hear  from  the  Meat  Institute. 

In  sound  advertising,  you  may  praise 
your  own  product  as  much  as  you  will, 
but  you  must  not  criticize  the  product 
of  your  competitor — not  by  direct  name 
at  any  rate.  But  it  will  be  entirely 
proper  to  say,  “When  other  foods  are 
rationed  and  hard  to  get — for  health, 
economy  and  deliciousness,  serve  milk.,> 

Events  have  given  the  dairyman  at 
least  one  break.  It  has  offered  him 
an  opportunity  such  as  never  came 
before  and  perhaps  will  never  come 
again— an  opportunity  to  make  people 
milk-conscious.  It  might  be  that  if  we 
have  rationing  of  coffee  and  meats, 
people  will  acquire  a  habit  of  milk 
drinking,  and  the  habit  will  cling  to 
them  long  after  the  emergency  has 
passed.  Advertising  will  gonsolidate  the 
gains  in  fluid  milk  consumption  we 
have  made  in  the  past  eight  years 
through  our  state-directed  campaign. 
It  can  be  our  surest  market  protection 
for  the  future  when  peace  comes  a»id 
war  demand  slackens. 

Large  scale,  experienced  advertisers 
believe  that  this  is  no  time  to  cut 
down  on  their  advertising  budgets. 
For  example,  the  Pan  American  Coffee 
Institute,  an  organization  covering 
(Continued  on  opposite  page ) 


“Hold  it  a  minute,  Chief.  I  can’t 
find  my  pants!” 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  5,  1942 


17  (655) 


Blueblood 
of  Chickdom ! 


All  Kerr  Chicks  have  blue  rib¬ 
bons  in  the  family— prizes  for  high 
egg  production.  It’s  in  the  blood, 
and  blood  will  tell! 

Kerr  breeders  are  carefully  se¬ 
lected  for  health,  early  maturity, 
high  egg  production— blood-tested 
for  Pullorum  (B.W.D.)  by  the 
slow-tube  agglutination  method  on 
the  240-acre  Kerr  Breeding  Farm. 
Stock  your  farm  exclusively  with 
Kerr  Chicks,  for  heavy  layers, 
meaty  broilers,  more  profits. 

Co-operating  with  the  national 
farm  program,  Kerr  is  producing^ 
more  chicks  than  ever  before — at 
no  sacrifice  of  the  quality  poultry- 
men  have  identified 
with  Kerr  for  35  years. 

Write  or  call  for  Poultry 
Raisers'  Guide,  price  list 
and  advance  order  discount 
offer.  Branches  in: 

N.  J.:  Jamesburg,  Paterson,  Woodbury; 
N.  Y.:  Binghamton,  Bayport,  L.  I.,  East 
Syracuse,  Kingston,  Middletown,  Sche¬ 
nectady;  PENN  A.:  Dunmore,  Lancaster, 
Belleville;  MASS.:  West  Springfield; 
CONN.:  Danbury.  (Address  Dept.  21.  ) 

KERR  CHICKERIES 

21  RAILROAD  JVE,FRENCHTOWN,N.J. 


WHITLOCK 

BABY  (111  Kft 

|  CHICKS ..  . .  1£»  IOO 

■  All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders. 

1100%  State  Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube 
Agglut  TOLMAN’S  ROCKS  famous  for 
RAPID  GROWTH,  EARLY  MATURITY, 

■  Profitable  EGG  YIELD.  Ideal  combination 
bird  for  broilers,  roasters  or  market  eggs. 
m  Send  for  FREE  Circular. 


JOSEPH 


TOLMAH 


1  SPECIALIZE  ONE  BREED,  ONE 
GRADE  at  ONE  PRICE. 

Dept.  B. 

ROCKLAND 

MASS. 


Harry  Boyington,  R-2,  Sodus,  N.  Y. 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY 
BABY  CHICKS 

read  every  baby  chick  advertise¬ 
ment  in  AMERICAN  AGRICUL¬ 
TURIST.  Remember, — every  ad¬ 
vertiser  of  baby  chicks  in  A.  A. 
is  guaranteed  to  give  you  satis¬ 
faction.  Of  course,  he  can’t  guar¬ 
antee  that  the  chicks  will  live, 
but  his  chicks  are  guaranteed  as 
advertised. 

NOW 

WHEN  YOU  BUY  Baby  Chicks, 
in  order  to  help  A.  A.  as  we  are 
trying  to  help  you,  order  from 
the  advertisement  in  A.  A.,  using 
the  handy  order  form  you  will 
find  printed  in  each  issue.  Use  the 
box  number  or  letter,  or  depart¬ 
ment  number  or  letter  in  the  ad¬ 
vertisement  in  A.  A.  The  adver¬ 
tiser  puts  it  in  his  ad  to  check  on 
his  sales.  It  is  the  only  way  the 
advertiser  knows  that  you  wish 
the  A.  A.  to  have  credit  for  the 
sale.  It’s  the  A.  A.  key.  USE  IT. 


CHICK  HEARING 
CONTEST  WINNERS 

( Continued  from  Page  12) 
me  the  fall  before.  At  that  time,  I 
cleaned  my  fountains,  feeders  and 
brooder  stoves,  getting  them  in  order 
before  putting  them  away  for  the  win¬ 
ter.  I  then  cleaned  and  moved  my 
brooder  house  to  clean  range  so  I 
wouldn’t  have  to  do  it  when  it  was 
frozen  to  the  ground.” — Kenneth  W. 
Steves. 

RESULTS.  ‘‘The  day  after  my  pullets 
were  four  months  old,  I  got  two  eggs. 
This  is  rather  young  for  heavy  breeds, 
and  I  did  not  know  whether  to  be  glad 
or  sorry;  but  I  could  do  nothing  about 
it.  I  was  afraid  they  would  only  lay 
a  few  eggs  and  then  go  into  a  molt, 
thus  losing  valuable  time,  but  they 
have  continued  to  lay  steadily.” — Mrs. 
G.  Wilson  Paul. 

MANAGEMENT.  “For  the  first  two 
weeks,  I  removed  all  feeders  from 
reach  of  the  chicks  about  a  half  hour 
before  dark,  leaving  only  a  plentiful 
supply  of  accessible  drinking  water. 
This  prevents,  to  a  large  extent,  the 
probability  that  a  lot  of  chicks  will  go 
to  sleep  without  a  drink.” — W.  Stanley 
Resnick. 

DISINFECTED.  “Every  day  I  brush¬ 
ed  the  fountains  to  insure  cleanliness, 
and  once  a  week  I  washed  them  thor¬ 
oughly  with  hot  Lysol  water,  which  I 
feel  prevented  germs  from  developing. 
The  house  was  kept  clean  by  stirring 
the  litter  every  night  and  morning  and 
by  frequent  change.” — Mrs.  Lawrence 
Nedrow. 

— a.  a. — 

•'CUT-UP”  POULTRY 

Andrew  Christie,  prominent  New 
England  poultryman  and  President  of 
the  Poultry  and  Egg  National  Board, 
gives  wholehearted  approval  of  the 
idea  of  selling  cut-up  chickens  to  the 
consumer.  One  store  sent  out  post 
cards  entitling  the  receiver  to  one 
piece  of  chicken  free.  When  the  cards 


ANTEED  PULLETS 

More  2-to-5-yr.-old  Hen  Breeders  mated  to  200-314 
Egg  R.O.P.  Sires  than  any  other  Eastern  plant.  R.O.P. 
male  mated  White  Leghorns,  Barred  and  White  Rocks, 
New  Hampshires,  R.  I.  Reds.  Sold  on  14-day  replace¬ 
ment  guarantee  —  details  free. 

BIG  SAVINGS  EARLY  ORDERS,  In  Addition 

Popular  PURE  or  CROSSBREEDS.  Blood-Tested.  U.  S.  N.  J.  Approved 
HATCHES  YEAR  ’ROUND.  Capacity  1,800,000  Eggs.  100%  live  SAFE 
delivery.  Write  for  FREE  CATALOG,  War-Time  Money  Saving  Plar 
and  Early  Order  discounts. 


WERE  CHICK  FARMS,  Dept.  N-4,  VINELAND,  N.  J. 


BROS. 


lEMENTSS 

HECKS^M 


Cl 

MORE  EGGSl 

H1EI*!13  AND  pouL-| 

TRY  MEAT! 
needed.  Clements  Chicks  arel 
heavy  layers,  also  good  meat! 

birds.  Cash  in  on  the  heavy  demand  by| _ 

putting  in  some  extra  Clements’  Chicks.  Keds,  White 
and  Barred  Rocks,  and  tho  sensational  Clem-Cross  sex- 
linked  pullets.  Maine-U.S.  Pullorum  Clean.  Write  to¬ 
day  for  catalog — tells  about  our  co-operative  savings  plan. 

CLEMENTS  BROS.  FARMS 
Box  24  Winterport,  Maine 


^saLNEW  HAMPSHIRES 


a  is  r  Year 
Program  With 
Just  One  Aim 


rjui 


BIG  STURDY  BIRDS  — fine  for 
meat  and  big,  brown  eggs.  For 
bankable  proiits  in  1943  order 
chicks  from  Maul's  strain,  de¬ 
veloped  by  19  years  of  breeding 
New  Hampshires  EXCLUSIVELY'. 
N.  II. -U.  S.  Approved — Pullorum 
Clean.  Also  rugged  Crass  Breeds. 
Write  for  catalog. 

MOUL’S  Brentwood  Poultry  Farm 
Box  A,  Exeter,  New  Hampshire 


Francis  C.  Bacon,  92  Howland  Ave.,  Adams,  Mass. 


L  CLEAR  SPRING  CHICKS 


95%  Guar.  Pullets 
100%  live  del. 

Laige  Type  Hanson  Sired  Leg’ns.__$ 

Large  Type  Leghorns - 

Bar.  Bocks  &  B.  I.  Reds - 

W.  Box.  N.  H.  Beds,  Bed-Bock  Cr. 

Heavy  Mixed  - 

Get  your  orders  in  for  lanuary 


Str. 

Pult’s 

Ckls. 

100 

100 

100 

11.00 

$18.00 

$6.00 

10.00 

17.00 

6.00 

1 1.00 

13.00 

1 1.00 

12.00 

14.00 

12.00 

10.00 

10.00 

and  February. 


All  Breeders  Blood  Tested.  Postpaid.  1943  Catalog  FREE. 

CLEAR  SPRING  HATCHERY, 

F.  B.  LEISTER,  Owner,  Box  51,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


nilAI  |TV  Pfllll  TQ  from  5  Profitable  breeds.  Blood- 
I  I  rUULIu  tested  breeders.  Prices  reason¬ 
able.  Circular  Free.  Seidelton  Farms.  Washingtonville,  Pa. 


were  brought  back,  the  donor  had  an 
excellent  opportunity  to  explain  the  ad¬ 
vantages  of  the  new  plan. 

Faced  with  extra  demands  on  their 
time  brought  about  by  volunteer  war 
work,  women  are  simplifying  their 
cooking.  Cut-up  poultry  is  exactly 
the  kind  of  meat  they  are  looking  for. 
Says  Mr.  Christie: 

“I  firmly  believe  that  the  American 
people  will  buy  and  consume  a  lot 
more  poultry  meat  of  every  kind  if  it 
is  made  available  in  cut-up  form  in 
every  retail  store  which  sells  meat. 

“What  is  needed  is  a  concerted  ef¬ 
fort  on  the  part  of  the  entire  industry, 
including  producers,  packers,  whole¬ 
salers  and  retailers,  to  put  this  plan 
in  operation.  It  is  the  business  of 
those  interested  in  the  poultry  indus¬ 
try  to  get  behind  this  sound  merchan¬ 
dising  idea  and  see  that  the  cut-up 
chicken  plan  gets  the  attention  which 
it  merits.  Such  support  will  result  in 
increased  business  for  all  concerned  at 
a  time  when  the  sale  of  most  meats  is 
limited  by  rationing. 

“The  poultry  industry  has  an  oppor¬ 
tunity  at  this  time  to  find  out  how 
much  chicken  the  American  public  can 
absorb.  Let’s  modernize  the  merchan¬ 
dising  of  market  poultry  now!” 

—  A.  A.— 

PULLET  PASTURES 

Alden  P.  Short  of  Georgetown,  Dela¬ 
ware,  is  a  believer  in  pastures  for  pul¬ 
lets.  He  has  five  acres  of  mostly  La- 
dina  clover,  which  this  past  summer 
gave  green  feed  necessary  for  1,750 
pullets.  Mr.  Short  clips  the  pasture 
often  —  every  two  weeks  where  it  is 
possible.  This  keeps  the  clover  palat¬ 
able;  and  where  it  is  clipped  this  of¬ 
ten,  it  is  not.  necessary  to  rake  off  ^ 
the  clippings. 

—  A.  A. — 

DAIRYMEN  PROCLAIM 
THEIR  OWN  WARES 

(Continued  from  opposite  page ) 
eight  coffee  producing  countries  of 
South  America,  replied  to  the  'threat 
of  coffee  rationing  by  a  fifty  per  cent 
increase  in  its  appropriation  for  adver¬ 
tising.  The  American  Meat  Institute 
— an  organization  set  up  by  the  pack¬ 
ers  to  advertise  no  particular  brand  of 
meat  but  just  meat  in  general — is  just 
now  increasing  its  expenditure.  The 
Citrus  Fruit  Exchange  of  California  is 
doing  the  same  thing  right  at  this 
time  in  face  of  the  fact  that  for  the 
duration  it  will  be  no  trouble  to  market 
all  their  product.  It  will  be  very  wise 
for  milk  to  continue  to  speak  in  its 
own  behalf. 

In  conclusion,  just  a  word  of  very 
earnest  counsel  from  one  dairyman  to 
another.  While  we  are  advising  and 
urging  all  consumers  everywhere  to 
use  more  milk,  let  us  not  forget  to 
take  our  own  advice.  Right  now,  when 
we  are  so  fortunate  in  getting  the  best 
prices  we  have  known  in  more  thap 
thirteen  years,  nevertheless  milk  with 
3.5%  of  fat,  when  used  on  the  farm, 
costs  less  than  six  and  one-half  cents 
a  quart,  and  this  is  hardly  one-half 
what  the  city  consumer  must  pay  for 
a  product  not  as  fresh  and  delicious 
as  we  have  right  at  hand. 

All  farm  products  at  wholesale  fur¬ 
nish  economical  food.  We  are  not  fair 
to  ourselves — we  are  not  availing  our¬ 
selves  of  the  advantages  of  country 
living,  unless  we  learn  to  use  milk 
abundantly.  For  us,  above  everyone 
else,  it  is  true  that  milk  is  at  once  the 
most  perfect  and  the  most  economical 
of  foods.  Let  us  make  the  most  of  it. 
— a.  a. — 

CHRISTMAS  SUGGESTION 

Give  your  friends  a  copy  of  that  de¬ 
lightful  new  book,  “Growing  Up  in  the 
Horse  and  Buggy  Days”,  by  Carl  E. 
Ladd  and  E.  R.  Eastman.  Order  now, 
for  the  first  printing  won’t  last  long. 
Only  $2.50.  Address  American  Agri¬ 
culturist,  Department  DB,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


Try  Dr.Salsbury’s 


AVI-TAB 


READ  WHAT  THIS  POULTRY 
RAISER  SAYS: 

“Our  Sock  of  Leghorns  was  not 
doing  right.  We  put  them  on  a 
ten-day  treatment  of  Avi-Tab.  Al¬ 
most  immediately  they  began  to 
do  better.’’ 


Are  you  getting  every  egg  you 
should?  Is  your  flock  in  the  best 
possible  condition?  Try  Dr.  Sals- 
bury's  Avi-Tab  to  pep  up  sluggish, 
non-infected  birds.  Avi-Tab  con¬ 
tains  nine  drugs  .  .  .  tonics  .  .  . 
stimulants  .  .  .  correctives,  recog¬ 
nized  aids  in  stimulating  appetites 
and  promoting  body  functions.  Also 
contains  mold  inhibiting  ingredients. 
Users  say  "Avi-Tab  is  a  big  help." 


Try  This  10-Day  Treatment 

Give  your  birds  Avi-Tab  mixed 
with  the  feed  for  ten  days  each 
month.  Just  mix  Avi-Tab  in  the 
mash;  it's  concentrated,  one  pound 
medicates  400  pounds.  Then  watch 
how  your  flock  responds. 

Get  Genuine  Dr. 

Salsbury's  Avi- 
Tab  from  your 
Dr.  Salsbury  deal¬ 
er:  Hatcheries, 

Druggists,  Feed 
and  Produce  deal¬ 
ers. 


Dr.SRLSBURY'S 

LABORATORIES 

Charles  City,  Iowa 


The  Name — DR.  SALSBURY— Is  Your 
Assurance  of  Satisfaction 


Sec.  of  Agriculture  Wickard  has  asked  you  poul- 
trymen  to  produce  an  additional  200  million 
chicks  for  eggs  and  meat  to  meet  our  wartime 
civilian  needs.  We  can  do  it! 

...  BUT  LET’S  DO  IT  PROFITABLY 

Stop  and  think  before  you  buy  your  chicks! 


/  WELL  SIEB  \ 
fna 

i* ELI  IIEEIEIS, 


If  you  put  money  in  a  bank,  you  are  not  satis¬ 
fied  with  interest  at  1%  if  you  can  get  2%  or 
more.  Between  a  risk  and  a  safe  investment  you 
want  safety  with  the  best  return.  FOLLOW  THE 
SAME  RULE  WHEN  YOU  INVEST  IN  BABY 
CHICKS.  Hall  Chicks  will  pay  good  returns  be¬ 
cause  they  come  from  flocks  bred  for  PROFIT. 
Safe  because  they  come  from  Pullorum  Free  flocks. 
For  a  good  return  on  your  money — BUY  HALL’S 
CHICKS — get  the  kind  that  fits 
\  your  purpose.  We 
)  hatch  chicks  of  6 
Purebreeds  and  4 
Hallcrosses,  shipped 
prepaid  and  Guar¬ 
anteed  100%  Live 
Delivery.  Send  for 
FREE  CATALOG 
and  ORDER  NOW. 


HALL  BROTHERS  HATCHERY INC. 

BOX59  .  WALLINGFORD.  CONN. 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


Hatches  Mon.-Tues.-Wed.-Thurs.  Order  from  ad  or 
\wite  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 
Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

Knglish  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ $  10.00  $17.00  $5.00 

Black  or  White  Minorcas _ 10.00  17.00  5.00 

B.  &W.  Box,  B.  I.  Beds,  W.  Wy.  11.00  13.00  11.00 

Bed-Bock  or  Bock-Bcd  Cross _ 11.00  13.00  11.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAASUP.)_  14.00  18.00  12.00 

H.  Mix  $10;  HEAVY  BROILER  CH1X,  no  sex  guar.. 
$9.30;  Breeders  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D. ,  100%  live 
del.  Post  Pd.  A. HER.  SEXOBS  ONLY.  95%  Accuracy. 

C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


SHIP  US  Y9UR  EGGS 

Brown  eggs  bring  top  prices  in  the  Boston  Market. 
White  also  in  demand.  Fair  treatment  and  prompt 
payment.  Free  market  information  upon  request. 


1 


NORMAN  B.  SMALL  CO. 

Faneuil  Hall  Market  Boston,  Massachusetts 


(656)  IS 


Ai  \erican  Agriculturist,  December  5,  1942 


Look  for  the 

DCn  R  A  I  I 
f\  tm  Cp  Jr L 


Re*.  ih  s.  m.  1 9oi  i 


“  l,o»  •>»”*  “ 

2.  Dry  Dievent  brittleness 

xegisters  to  pre 

cracking-  walerpIooi  toot- 

3.  Keep  out  oUu"rouch  longer  when 

k^' 

creases  ca  N  a 

,  taVe  oil  with  care  - 

5>  Put  on  and  tear  uppers 

careless  l®1* 

linings- 


I  Kee»  the  fan,.. 

fee,  , 


rr  &*0e 

GeP 

?  ****<£  ***** 

3-  Keep  r 

/eC'io^teSi°es^ 

es  sod  l  •  Pro- 

*****£"- 
,f  ,ar9e  p,  ,A,G  Ol//[  _ 

,4s  S-iJJ  R  o/  <4e  ,  fiAKT 

£ro<fe«s  ZZ001*^  ZZhd  ,0 

^st<.S^TdC” 


BALL- BAND 

Mishawaka  Rubber  and  Woolen  Mfg.  Co.,  473  Water  St.,  Mishawaka,  Ind. 


*  FOR  VICTORY-BUY  UNITED  STATES  WAR  BONDS  &  STAMPS  ★ 


CONSERVE  FUEL! 


Are  You  Doing  Your  Part? 

★  WEATHER  PROOF  YOUR  HOUSE  ...  —  Install  storm  windows  and 
doors  or  install  weather  stripping  ... —  Insulate  ceilings  and  walls  ... — 
Keep  fireplace  dampers  tightly  closed  or  openings  sealed  when  not  in  use. 

#  AVOID  OVER  HEATING  ...  —  Wear  suffi¬ 
cient  clothing  and  maintain  lower  temperature 

_ _ _ _ Turn  off  heat  in  garage  and  sun  porch - 

Turn  off  heat  in  unused  rooms  and  keep  doors 

tightly  closed  ... _ Turn  off  heat  in  bed  rooms 

at  night  while  windows  are  opened. 

*  RECONDITION  HEATING  SYSTEM - 

Have  the  heating  system  inspected  by  a  com¬ 
petent  plumber  or  heating  contractor  paying 
particular  attention  to  air  bound  radiators  and 

air  valves  ... _ Clean  furnace  and  boiler  flues 

... _ Inspect  boilers  and  pipe  insulation... — 

Repaint  bronze  finished  radiators  —  the  applica¬ 
tion  of  ordinary  oil  paint  will  improve  their 
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♦  ♦  ♦  By  following  these  suggestions  you  can 
effect  substantial  fuel  savings  ... —  Invest  the 
difference  in  WAR  BONDS. 

"k  BUY  WAR  BONDS  TODAY  and  put 
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UTICA  Boilers  and 
Radiators  are  efficient 
and  economical. 


CHRISTMAS 

Mu&t  He  Qcuj, 

By  Ruby  Price  Weeks 

EVEN  THOUGH  this  is  a  wartime 
Christmas  with  scarcely  a  family 
who  hasn’t  at  least  one  member  in 
some  branch  of  the  service,  the  home 
fires  —  and  candles  —  must  burn  as 
usual,  shedding  their  radiance  as  far 
and  as  vividly  as  in  peace  time.  This 
year,  if  ever,  we  must  keep  alive  in 
our  homes  the  holiday  spirit. 

Your  Christmas  dinner  will  probably 
be  simpler  than  usual,  but  it  should  be 
fully  as  delicious  and  just  as  attrac¬ 
tively  served  as  in  normal  times.  Per¬ 
haps  other  families,  relatives  or  friends 
whose  numbers  are  also  reduced  be¬ 
cause  of  the  war,  will  join  with  you 
for  the  day.  Each  family  might  fur¬ 
nish  part  of  the  dinner,  thus  making 
very  little  work  for  any  one  family. 

Will  there  be  the  usual  decorations 
and  a  tree  this  year?  Of  course!  And 
let  everyone  in  the  family  share  in 
this  pleasant  work.  On  the  whole,  the 
decorations  should  be  very  inexpensive, 
but  even  at  that  they  may  prove  more 
unusual  and  appealing  than  in  former 
years  because  they  require  some  real 
thought. 

Greens  can  always  be  cut  in  the 
woods.  What  is  lovelier  than  milkweed 
pods  stacked  in  the  center  of  the 
mantlepiece,  with  branches  of  ever¬ 
green  extending  from  them,  and  a 
large  red  candle  at  either  end? 

Even  the  most  ordinary  looking 
front  door  may  be  made  festive  if  a 
string  of  old  sleigh  bells  is  nailed  at 
the  top  of  the  righthand  casing.  You’ll 
find  everyone  ringing  them  instead  of 
the  doorbell,  for  who  doesn’t  love  the 
sound  of  sleigh  bells?  At  the  top  of 
the  string,  nail  a  spray  made  of  ever¬ 
greens  and  milkweed  pods,  being  sure 
it  is  well  wired  together  and  securely 
nailed  to  the  house. 

If  you  neglected  gathering  milkweed 
pods  in  the  Fall,  substitute  red  ber¬ 
ries  from  your  hedge,  swamp  berries 
or  holly.  At  the  left  of  the  door,  place 
a  tall  stone  jar  (you  may  have  one  in 
the  cellar),  filled  with  long  branches 
of  the  same  evergreen.  After  the 
holidays,  these  may  be  brought  inside 
where  they  will  last  a  long  time.  Dur¬ 
ing  the  winter  months,  when  flowers 
are  scarce,  a  bit  of  green  is  very  wel¬ 
come. 

And  how  about  a  new  idea  for  your 
Christmas  table  ?  Have  you  ever 
thought  of  using  a  huge  squashy  bow 


wfli1  m »  aft 


w  Christmas  Decorations  | 

By  Inez  George  Gridley. 

Fence  rows  wear  bright  garlands  $ 
§  Of  orange  bittersweet, 

&  Ground  pine  decks  the  pathway  J 
V  Beside  the  hemlock’s  feet. 

P  Mountain  ash  and  ilex 

tAre  holding  stiff  bouquets, 
p  Bright  red  Christmas  berries 
$  That  light  the  gloomy  days 

«  I 

8  In  the  deepest  forest  v 

Where  shy  wild  creatures  go 
Balsams,  pines  and  spruces 
^  Have  wreaths  of  frosty  snow!  I 


of  bright  red  cellophane  in  the  center, 
with  strips  of  it  extending  from  the 
bow  to  the  sides  and  ends  of  the  table? 
The  bow  may  be  made  of  six-inch 
strips,  or  of  two-inch  ones.  If  the  lat¬ 
ter,  more  loops  will  be  needed.  A 
table  covered  with  a  spotless  white 
cloth  and  with  this  red  bow  in  the  cen¬ 
ter  will  resemble  a  large  package 
wrapped  in  dead-white  and  tied  with 
red  ribbon.  The  bow  should  be  as 
large  as  the  table  permits  and  the  ends 
(extending  to  the  table  edges)  should 
be  fastened  to  the  cloth  with  trans¬ 
parent  Scotch  tape.  The  latter  won’t 
show  and  will  hold  the  cellophane  in 
place. 

On  the  table,  if  the  day  is  dark  or 
if  you  have  your  dinner  in  the  late  af¬ 
ternoon,  have  as  many  candles  as  are 
needed  for  light.  Get  them  in  the 
same  shade  as  the  cellophane  bow,  and 
use  whatever  candlesticks  you  have. 
Pewter,  silver,  pottery,  or  crystal  are 
all  lovely. 

These  decorations  will  cost  practic¬ 
ally  nothing,  and  you  will  have  the  fun 
of  doing  a  lot  with  a  little,  and  per¬ 
haps  saving  enough  on  your  Christmas 
decorations  to  buy  some  war  stamps. 


WIN  ON  THE 
HOME  » 
FRONT • 

No.  1  —  That  Carried  Lunch 


HIT-AND-MISS,  pick-me-up  lunches  won’t  do  for  V- 
Homes.  Let’s  organize  and  fill  their  lunch  boxes  with 
what  it  takes  to  keep  them  going  strong.  Right  food  helps  to 
keep  away  fatigue,  colds,  and  all  those  ills  that  keep  men  from 
work  and  children  from  school.  Here’s  what  it  takes : 

1.  Hearty  sandwich  (egg,  cheese  or  meat). 

2.  Something  crisp  or  succulent  (a  raw  vegetable  in  strips,  or  in 
sandwich  or  salad  form). 

3.  Milk  or  milk  dish. 

4.  A  sweet,  either  as  sandwich,  cookie  or  simple  cake. 

5.  A  fruit  (raw,  cooked  or  juice). 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  5,  1942 


19  (657) 


Style  and  Service! 


STYLE  and  service  are  twin  require¬ 
ments  in  clothing  nowadays;  here 
is  a  group  which  has  both! 

No.  2618.  Young  beginners  wear  just  such 
sweet  and  simple  togs  as  these — the  pat¬ 
tern  includes  both  creeper  and  the  little 
frock.  Sizes,  6  mos.,  1,  2  and  3  years. 
S'ize  2  for  creeper,  1%  yards  35-inch  fab¬ 
ric;  for  long-sleeved  dress,  1%  yards  with 
%  yard  contrasting;  and  for  dress  with 
cap  sle&ves,  1%  yards  with  1%  yards 
ruffling. 

No.  3379.  A  design  that  does  wonderful 
things  for  the  fuller  figure.  Sizes  36  to 
52.  Size  36,  3%  yards  39-inch  fabric. 

No.  2681.  An  apron  like  this  with  match¬ 
ing  pot-holder  would  be  a  real  thrill  in 
the  way  of  a  Christmas  present,  for  a 
shower  gift,  or  for  one’s  very  own  self. 
Small,  medium  and  large  sizes.  ‘Medium 


“No  cherry,  please.  I’m  on  a  reduc¬ 
ing  diet.” 


TO  A  THREE- YEAR-OLD 

By  Bianca  Bradbury. 

We  two  are  quiet,  listening  for 
The  lonely  lullaby  of  rain 
Whispering  out  of  the  dusk 
Against  a  lamplit  windowpane. 

I  hold  you,  flowery  in  the  dark, 

Ready  in  your  little  shirt 
For  bed.  And  rocking,  I  forget 
By  what  miracles  you  skirt, 

Day  long,  the  bright  edge  of  disaster 
And  come  up  smiling;  and  the  noise 
And  grubbiness.  For  mothers  know 
The  wiliness  of  little  boys, 

Who  play  at  strangers  all  the  day  .  .  . 
But  with  the  night,  like  tagging  sheep, 
They  all  come  back,  and  curling  up 
In  mothers’  hearts  they  go  to  sleep. 


size  for  apron,  2%  yards  35-inch  fabric, 
with  14  yard  print  and  y8  yard  plain  for 
the  pockets,  and  a  like  amount  for  the 
pot-holder. 

No.  3218.  Attractive  and  youthful  jumper 
that  gets  the  utmost  out  of  your  fabric 
— consult  the  diagram  and  see  how  clev¬ 
erly  it  is  cut  in  any  one  of  its  sizes  from 
a  mere  yard  and  a  half  of  54-inch  fabric. 
Blouse  requires  1%  yards  39-inch  fabric. 
Sizes  10,  12,  14  and  16. 

No.  2590.  These  fuel-less  days  are  the 
days  when  a  girl’s  best  friend  is  her 
jerkin.  This  pattern  includes  both  the 
well-cut  shirtwaist  dress,  with  skirt  laid 
in  shallow  pleats,  and  the  snug  little 
jerkin.  Sizes  12  to  20.  Size  16,  for  dress, 
3  yards  54-inch  fabric;  and  for  jerkin,  1% 
yards  35-inch  or  %  yard  54-inch. 

No.  2035.  A  jumper  frock  just  suits  the 
girl  in  her  teens  or  nearing  them ;  and 
when  you  add  the  jacket,  then  she’s  suit¬ 
ed  indeed.  Sizes  4  to  14.  Size  8  for 
jumper,  1%  yards  35-inch  fabric;  for 
blouse,,  1%  yards ;  and  for  jacket,  1  y2 
yards  35-inch  or  %  yard  54-inch  fabric. 
All  three  in  one  pattern. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address, 
pattern  size  and  number  clearly  and 
enclose  15c.  Address  Pattern  Depart¬ 
ment,  American  Agriculturist,  10  North 
Cherry  Street,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

The  greatest  help  to  home  sewers 
is  our  Fall-Winter  Fashion  Book,  pre¬ 
senting  in  full  color  over  150  pattern 
designs  for  all  ages,  sizes  and  oc¬ 
casions.  Price  just  12c;  or  send  25c 
for  a  fashion  book  and  a  pattern  of 
your  own  choosing. 

— a.  a. — 

TO  MAKE  A 
MEATLESS  MENU 

Supply  the  same  kind  of  body-build¬ 
ing  protein  as  in  meat  by  using  eggs, 
milk,  cheese,  poultry,  fish  and  shell¬ 
fish.  Peas,  beans  or  lentils  also  pro¬ 
vide  protein  but  in  lesser  amounts; 
hence  more  servings  are  required  to  get 
enough  protein. 

Then,  in  order  to  be  sure  that  essen¬ 
tial  vitamins  ordinarily  obtained  in 
meat  are  not  overlooked,  use  plenty 
of  grain  products,  especially  whole 
wheat  or  enriched  bread  or  flour,  po¬ 
tatoes,  green  vegetables  and  fruits. 

Here  is  a  meatless  day  menu  recom¬ 
mended  by  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Home 
Economics  which  fills  these  require¬ 
ments  : 

Breakfast :  Orange  juice;  whole 

wheat  cereal  with  milk;  toast  (enrich¬ 
ed  bread) ;  milk  for  children;  coffee. 

Lunch:  Navy  bean  soup;  whole 

wheat  bread  and  butter;  apple,  celery 
and  raisin  salad;  cocoa  for  all. 

Dinner:  Tomato  juice;  cheese  souf¬ 
fle;  baked  potatoes;  buttered  spinach; 
bread  and  butter  (enriched  bread) ;  ice 
cream;  milk  for  children;  coffee  for 
adults. 

— a.  a. — 

EGGS — An  egg  a  day  supplies  from 
3%  to  16%  of  the  daily  requirements 
of  the  nine  essential  nutrients  most 
likely  to  be  deficient  in  the  human  diet. 
The  one  exception  is  Vitamin  C,  and  a 
good  source  of  that  vitamin  is  toma¬ 
toes  and  citrus  fruits. 


TRY  THIS  SECRET  OF 
FARM  BREAD-BAKING 


r°u  the  < 

?  Ingredi, 
the  Bread 
Make  \JZ, 


At  Our  Risk ! 


NO  WONDER 
YEAST  FOAM  MAKES  THIS 
REMARKABLE  GUARANTEE - 
WHEN  IT  MAKES  GRAND 
BREAD  LIKE  THIS! 


Gu*ra 


Ne»Im 


Proved  YEas 


Make  a  trial  baking  with  the  new  im¬ 
proved  Yeast  Foam,  using  it  according 
to  directions  for  making  bread  or  rolls. 
If  you  don’t  agree  that  they  have  finer 
texture,  better  appearance  and  a  flavor 
much  superior  to  any  you  have  ever 
made,  we  will  refund  every  cent  you  paid 
for  all  the  ingredients  used,  in  addition 
to  the  cost  of  the  full  package  of  Yeast 
Foam. 

Simply  mail  the  Yeast  Foam  wrap¬ 
per  and  tell  us  the  cost  of  the  other  in¬ 
gredients  used.  Your  money  will  be  sent 
promptly. 

Women  who  enjoy  and  cherish  their 
reputations  for  fine  bread  making  use 
Yeast  Foam  to  give  their  bakings  the 
qualities  that  please  the  taste.  Especially 
women  on  the  farms  — women  whose 
bread  must  satisfy  healthy,  robust,  un¬ 
spoiled  appetites. 

Scores  of  tests  made  in  our  own  kitch¬ 
ens  bring  out  the  noticeable  and  unmis¬ 
takable  facts  that  Yeast  Foam  gives 


X/-ES,  IT’S  true!  The  remarkable  offer 
made  here  has  no  “strings”  attached ! 
We  make  this  offer  with  the  utmost  cofi- 
fidence  because  we  feel  that  once  you  try 
Yeast  Foam  for  baking,  you’ll  want  to 
use  it  always.  That’s  why  we  ask  you  to 
try  it  on  this  amazing  guarantee. 


bread  a  grand,  rich,  old-fashioned  flavor 
and  fine,  smooth  texture— makes  the  kind 
of  bread  people  like  and  prefer. 

Anyone  can  make  good  bread  and  rolls 
with  the  new,  improved  Y EAST  Foam.  Just 
try  it  and  see.  Do  it  now,  while  this  re¬ 
markable  guaranteed  offer  is  being  made. 


KEEPS  FOR 
MONTHS 


“DAYLIGHT-SAVING"  BAKING  METHOD 

Mix  all  ingredients  the  night  before  you  plan  to 
bake.  Use  improved,  faster  Yeast  Foam.  Mixing 
takes  only  a  short  time.  .  .  .  Let  dough  rise  over 
night  in  a  warm  place.  .  .  .  First  thing  in  the  morn¬ 
ing,  when  dough  has  doubled  in  bulk,  shape  and 
place  in  pans.  .  .  .  Let  dough  double  in  bulk  again. 
.  .  .  Bake.  .  .  .  Your  baking  will  be  out  of  the  oven 
well  before  noon  —  flavorful  —  golden-brown  —  appe¬ 
tizing  .  .  .  Here  is  the  simplified,  time-saving  bak¬ 
ing  method.  Try  it. 


YEAST  FOAM 

Yeast  Foam  is  made  by  the  manufacturers  of  Maca  Yeast, 
the  famous  fast-acting  granular  yeast. 


NORTHWESTERN  YEAST  COMPANY,  1750  NORTH  ASHLAND  AVENUE,  CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS 


FALSE  TEETH^*fcL$685 


“60” DAYS  TRIAL 

TEST  THEM 
EXAMINE  THEM 


We  make  FALSE  TEETH  for  you  by  MAIL 
from  your  mouth-impression!  Money -Back 
GUARANTEE  of  Satisfaction, 
pression  material,  directions. 

Booklet  of  New  Styles  and 
Information.  Write  today  to 

PARKER  DENTAL  LAB.  _ 

127  N.  DEARBORN  ST.,  Dept.  101.  CHICAGO.  ILL. 


FREE  im- 


FREE 


Sheldon  I.  Rymph  R-l,  Lagrangeville,  N.  Y. 


CHRISTMAS  CARDS:  10 

PARM I NGTON,  AI329  Culver,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


To  profit  by  our  guarantee,  be  sure  to 
mention  American  Agriculturist  when  you 
write  to  advertisers. 


BUY  WAR  BONDS 


NO  TYPEWRITERS  FOR  SALE 
BUT  WE’LL  BUY  THEM  BACT 
FOR  UNCLE  SAM 

The  Army  and  Navy  need  over  half  a  million 
standard  office  typewriters  for  all  branches  of 
the  service.  So,  will  YOU  help?  As  a  patriotic 
contribution  will  you  sell  back  every  standard 
L  C  Smith  (not  Corona  portable)  made  since 
January  I,  1935,  that  you  can  spare.  All  our 
branch  offices  and  many  dealers  have  been 
authorized  by  the  Government  to  buy  back  L  C 
Smiths  at  standard  1941  “trade-in”  values. 

L  C  SMITH  &  CORONA  TYPEWRITERS,  Inc. 

266  E.  Onondaga  Street,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


(658)  20 


Ai  cerican  Agriculturist,  December  5,  1842 


Street. 
City _ 


-State. 


•  Just  off  the  press 
—  new  FREE  folder 
of  20  famous  sug¬ 
ar  saving  recipes. 
Simply  check  cou¬ 
pon  belowforFREE 
copy  —  or  add  10c 
for  Davis  Cook 
Book,  too! 


R.  B.  DAVIS  COMPANY 
13  Jackson  Street, 

Hoboken,  N.  J. 

D  Send  me  FREE,  new 
Davis  Folder  of  20  Sugar 
Saving  Recipes. 

D  Send  me  Davis  Mas¬ 
ter  Pattern  Baking  For¬ 
mulas,  and  new  Folder. 

I  enclose  10c.  .  ,  .  , 

(Please  print  plainly) 


Narrys. 


This  Home-Mixed 
Cough  Syrup  is 
Most  Effective 

Easily  Mixed.  Needs  No  Cooking. 

Cough  medicines  usually  contain  a 
large  quantity  of  plain  syrup — a  good  in¬ 
gredient,  but  one  which  you  can  easily 
make  at  home.  Take  2  cups  of  granulated 
sugar  and  1  cup  of  water,  and  stir  a  few 
moments  until  dissolved.  No  cooking!  No 
trouble  at  all.  Or  you  can  use  corn  syrup 
or  liquid  honey,  instead  of  sugar  syrup. 

Then  get  from  your  druggist  2%  ounces 
of  Pinex,  pour  it  into  a  pint  bottle,  and 
add  your  syrup.  This  gives  you  a  full  pint 
fjf  truly  wonderful  medicine  for  coughs 
llue  to  colds.  It  makes  areal  saving  for  you, 
because  it  gives  you  about  four  times  as 
much  for  your  money.  It  lasts  a  long 
time,  never  spoils,  and  children  love  it. 

This  is  actually  a  surprisingly  effec¬ 
tive,  quick-acting  cough  medicine. 
Promptly,  you  feel  it  taking  hold.  It  loos¬ 
ens  the  phlegm,  soothes  the  irritated 
membranes  and  makes  breathing  easy. 
You’ve  never  seen  anything  better  for 
prompt  and  pleasing  results. 

Pinex  is  a  special  compound  of  proven 
ingredients,  in  concentrated  form,  a  most 
reliable,  soothing  agent  for  throat  and 
bronchial  membranes.  Money  refunded 
if  it  doesn’t  please  you  in  every  way. 


FALSE 

TEETH 


6th  YEAR 

Buy  where  thousands  have 
been  satisfied.  We  make 
FALSE  TEETH  for  you  from 
your  owh  impressions. 


90  DAY  TRIAL 

MONEY  BACK  GUARANTEE  of 
SATISFACTION  protects  you. 

SEND  NO  MONEY 
J.  B.  CLEVELAND  DENTAL  PLATE  CO. 


Write  TOD  A  Y  for  FREE 
Booklet  and  Material. 


Dept.  22-T2 


East  SK  Louis,  Illinois 


Jo  Relieve 
Misery  of 


L  666 

LIQUID.  TABLETS.  SALVE.  NOSE  DROPS 


Henry  Hallock,  R-2,  Vergennes,  Vt. 

i 

that  you  saw  the 
product  advertised  in 

American  Agriculturist 

when  calling  on  your  local  dealer 


National  Grange  States  Position 
on  Farm  Labor,  Food  Production 


( Continued  from  Page  5) 


life  insurance  and  debts  contracted 
prior  to  Sept.  1,  1942.  It  was  felt  that 
it  would  be  unfair  to  make  such  de¬ 
ductions  unlimited,  or  to  make  them 
applicable  to  all  debts  and  life  insur¬ 
ance  contracts.  In  such  a  case,  it  was 
pointed  out,  taxpayers  could  avoid  pay¬ 
ment  of  taxes  by  putting  their  money 
in  war  bonds,  insurance  premiums  or 
debt  payments. 

Not  to  allow  limited  deductions  was 
considered  equally  unsound,  leading  to 
cancellation  of  insurance  policies  and 
loss  of  farms  and  homes  because  of 
inability  to  meet  payments. 

JOHN  LEWIS  OPPOSED 

Attempts  by  union  labor  to  organize 
farm  workers  were  denounced,  the 
Convention  declaring  that  agricultural 
needs  can  be  handled  best  by  the  or¬ 
ganizations  set  up  and  controlled  by 
farmers.  It  called  upon  all  farm  or¬ 
ganizations  to  resist  the  attempts 
made  by  the  unions. 

Congress  was  called  upon  to  enact 
anti-racketeering  legislation  which  has 
been  pigeon-holed  since  last  May. 

Unity  that  had  been  achieved  by 
farm  organizations  in  the  national  field 
was  noted  and  all  farm  groups  were 
urged  to  join  in  developing  a  common 
program. 

Centralization  of  government  was 
opposed  because  it  tends  to  undermine 
democracy  and  establish  bureaucracy. 
Recognizing  that  considerable  centrali¬ 
zation  of  authority  is  necessary  during 
the  war,  the  Grange  declared  that  when 
the  war  is  over  Congress  should  re¬ 
turn  to  the  States  and  local  units  of 
government  all  the  powers  taken  from 
them,  and  the  emergency  delegation  of 
power  to  the  President  terminated. 

Immediate  development  of  a  rubber 
program,  including  manufacture  of 
synthetic  rubber,  was  urged  because  it 
was  declared  that  a  breakdown  in 
transportation  would  be  fatal  to  the 


war  effort  and  to  commerce.  Ration¬ 
ing  officials  were  asked  to  simplify  the 
system  so  that  rural  people  will  not 
have  to  make  unnecessary  trips  to  ob¬ 
tain  rationing  coupons  or  to  get  limit¬ 
ed  amounts  of  supplies  to  meet  family 
needs. 

Extension  of  the  basic  work  week 
to  48  hours  was  urged.  Opposition  was 
expressed  to  any  attempt  to  extend 
minimum  wage  and  maximum  hour 
regulations  to  agriculture  until  farm¬ 
ers  have  prices  that  will  support  labor 
income  comparable  to  that  in  industry. 

When  a  newspaper  dispatch  was 
read  to  the  Convention,  quoting  Secre¬ 
tary  Wickard  as  saying  that  a  food 
shortage  loomed  because  production 
would  be  down  next  year,  the  Grange 
replied  promptly.  In  effect,  it  politely 
told  the  Secretary  he  was  several 
months  behind  the  times  because  the 
Grange  had  been  trying  to  make  that 
possibility  clear  to  him  for  a  long  time. 

Making  it  plain  that  its  chief  con¬ 
cern  in  national  and  world  affairs  for 
the  present  was  to  win  the  war,  the 
Grange  gave  consideration  to  post-war 
policies. 

First,  it  declared  that  America  should 
exercise  its  full  military  and  economic 
might  to  enforce  a  just  and  lasting 
peace. 

Second,  it  declared  it  was  not  inter¬ 
ested  primarily  in  re-establishing  pre¬ 
war  rights  and  privileges,  but  was  in¬ 
terested  in  providing  right  of  initiative 
and  opportunity. 

Third,  it  asked  that  a  bonafide  rep¬ 
resentative  of  agriculture  be  given  a 
place  at  the  peace  table. 

Fourth,  it  warned  that  American 
farmers  would  not  tolerate  dumping  of 
low-cost  goods  on  American  markets 
to  depress  prices  for  American  farm¬ 
ers.  It  saw  a  real  danger  that  in  the 
expression  of  sympathy  for  the  pro¬ 
ducers  in  other  countries,  the  American 
farmer  might  be  made  the  goat. 


You,  Your  Far 


I  I 


and  the  War 


( Continued  from  Page  3) 


have  to  fill  out  notarized  forms  and 
will  be  subject  to  draft  if  they  take 
any  other  job  on  anything  but  a  farm 
that  is  defined  as  essential.  They  are 

not  required  to  seek  an  extension  of 
deferment  every  six  months. 

Let’s  repeat  again  the  procedure  for 
requesting  deferment.  Every  draftee 
has  the  right  of  appeal  within  ten  days 
after  he  receives  his  written  notice  that 
he  has  been  put  in  Class  1-A.  Some¬ 
times  notification  to  report  for  a 
physical  examination  comes  before  the 
1-A  notification  card,  and  sometimes 
the  Class  1-A  notice  and  notice  of  in¬ 
duction  come  about  the  same  time. 
However,  putting  in  an  appeal  auto¬ 
matically  puts  off  induction  until  the 
matter  is  settled. 

First,  see  your  Local  Draft  Board. 
Give  them  the  facts,  and  request  a 
deferment  or  a  2-C  or  3-C  rating. 
If  they  refuse  this,  you  may  still 
fill  out  Form  42-A,  furnished  by  your 
Local  Draft  Board,  and  appeal  to  the 
Draft  Appeal  Board  for  your  area. 
There  seems  little  doubt  that  it  will  be 
much  easier  than  it  has  been  in  the 
past  to  get  deferments  for  workers  on 
farms.  So  far,  only  dairy,  livestock 
and  poultry  farms  are  designated  as 
essential,  and  these  only  if  they  meet 
certain  specifications  as  to  size  of  the 
business.  H;  */ever,  local  Draft  Boards 

still  have  the  authority  to  defer  work¬ 
ers  on  fruit  and  vegetable  farms.  It 
is  possible,  if  you  have  a  real  case,  to 


secure  deferment  as  an  essential  farm 
worker  even  after  an  induction  notice 
has  been  received. 

— a.  a. — 

APPEALING  FOR 
MORE  GAS? 

As  we  hinted  in  the  issue  of  October 
24,  the  deadline  for  Certificates  of  War 
Necessity  for  trucks  was  set  ahead 
from  November  15  to  December  1.  Sup¬ 
pose  you  find  that  your  fuel  allowance 
seems  too  small  to  do  the  work  you 
feel  is  necessary.  What  can  you  do? 

The  original  order  stated  that  thirty 
days  must  elapse  before  an  appeal 
could  be  made,  and  that  the  appeal 
must  be  accompanied  by  complete  fig¬ 
ures  on  trucking  done  in  seven  con¬ 
secutive  days  during  that  period. 

So  much  confusion  has  resulted  from 
this  order  that  steps  have  been  taken 
to  correct  the  situation.  If  you,  as  a 
farmer,  have  not  been  allowed  suffi¬ 
cient  gas  to  do  your  work,  get  in  touch 
immediately  with  the  Chairman  of 
your  County  Farm  Transportation 
Committee  who  is  also  Chairman  of 
your  County  War  Board.  If  you  do 
not  know  who  he  is,  your  County  Farm 
Bureau  Agent  will  tell  you.  A  state¬ 
ment  from  your  Transportation  Com¬ 
mittee  should  enable  you  to  get  gas 
to  carry  on  your  business.  The  Chair¬ 
man  of  your  Transportation  Commit¬ 
tee  will  also  tell  you  how  to  make  out 
an  appeal.  Any  gas  you  are  given 
now  will  be  charged  against  your  sup¬ 
ply  when  your  appeal  is  finally  decided. 


IF  YOUR  NOSE 
"CLOSES  UP* 
TONIGHT 


Here’s  mighty 
good  news  ...  If 
your  nose  “closes 
up”  tonight  and 
makes  breathing  difficult,  put  3-pur¬ 
pose  Vicks  Va-tro-nol  up  each  nostril. 

Va-tro-nol  does  3  important  things. 
It  (1)  shrinks  swollen  membranes,  (2) 
soothes  irritation,  (3)  relieves  tran¬ 
sient  nasal  congestion.  It  brings  more 
comfort,  makes  breathing  easier,  thus 
invites  sleep . . .  And  remember,  it  helps 
prevent  many 
colds  developing  if 
used  in  time.  Fol¬ 
low  directions  in 
folder. 


VICKS 
VA-TRONOL 


QUILTING  PATTERNS 


T ry  this  new,  easy,  quick  method  for  mark¬ 
ing  quilting  designs.  Use  a  LOCKPORT 
pattern  .  .  .  just  trace  with  a  pencil.  No 
smudges!  Wide  choice  of  patterns.  See 
your  dealer  or  send  35c  to  receive  post¬ 
paid  the  7Vz  in.  circular  quilting  pattern 
illustrated.  Catalog  of  10  quilt  designs 
and  105  quilting  patterns  included  free. 


LOCKPORT  COTTON  BATTING  CO. 

LOCKPORT,  NEW  YORK 


IT’S  ABOUT  1 
TIME  IN 


TIME,  always  valu¬ 
able,  is  now  more  pre¬ 
cious  than  ever.  Save 
time  by  staying  at  The 
McAlpin.  Its  ideal  mid¬ 
town  location  is  right 
where  it’s  most  conve¬ 
nient  for  business  or 
pleasure. 


Rooms  with  private  bath 


Single  from 


*3.30 


HOTEL 


MCALPIN 


BROADWAY  AT  34th  ST. 

NEW  YORK 


Under  KNOTT  Management 
JOHN  J.  WOELFLE,  Manager 


w 


A i  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  5,  1942 


21  (659) 


AUNT  JANET’S 
fycuion.i£e  Recipe. 


WITH  MANY  of  the  old  fa¬ 
miliar  supplies  going  else¬ 
where,  housewives  will  have  to  do 
a  little  contriving  this  year  to 
make  things  seem  Christmassy. 
Instead  of  the  much  befruited 
Christmas  pudding  of  other 
years,  try  this  excellent  suet  pud¬ 
ding  which  is  easier  on  the  sup¬ 
plies  and  the  budget: 


Suet  Pudding 


I  ego 

1(4  cups  molasses 

1  cup  milk 

2  cups  flour 


I  teaspoon  soda 
(4  teaspoon  salt 

1  cup  suet,  chopped 

2  cups  raisins 


Sift  flour,  soda  and  salt  to¬ 
gether.  Flour  the  chopped  suet 
and  washed  dried  raisins.  Beat 
the  egg  lightly  in  a  bowl,  add 
molasses,  milk,  sifted  dry  in¬ 
gredients  and  finally  the  floured 
suet  and  fruit.  Fill  greased 
molds  %  full,  steam  3  hours. 
Serve  hot  with  any  preferred 
sauce. 

Dried  figs  are  abundant  on  the 
market  and  could  substitute  for 
or  mix  with  the  raisins  if  neces¬ 
sary.  Figs  should  be  cut  with 
shears  in  small  pieces. 


Pe/iAa+ial  P^oblemi 

Which  One? 

Dear  Lucile :  I  am  18  and  involved 
with  two  boys.  I  was  going  with  Bill, 
who  owns  a  farm  and  could  make  a  good 
home,  when  John,  whom  I  had  gone 
with  before,  came  back  and  I  turned  to 
him  again.  John  is  just  a  day  worker, 
but  he  likes  to  dance  and  have  fun ;  has 
already  mentioned  a  diamond,  which  Bill 
never  has.  Also,  Bill  and  I  don’t  like 
the  same  things  and  we  argue.  Which 
boy  do  you  think  I  like  best? — Winnie. 

This  is  something  only  you  can  de¬ 
cide,  Winnie.  It  sounds  to  me  like  you 
like  John  better,  but  Bill  has  some 
good  solid  qualities  you  shouldn’t  over¬ 
look.  Anyway,  you’re  still  young;  why 
not  be  good  friends  with  both  without 
deciding  on  matrimony  for  awhile.  You 
might  meet  somebody  else  that  you’re 
sure  you  like  better  than  either  Bill 
or  John. 

*  *  * 

Live  Quietly 

Dear  Lucile :  l  am  getting  a  divorce 
from  my  husband  and  want  the  custody 
of  our  two  children.  I  have  been  going 
around  with  my  sister  and  her  boy  friend, 
and  with  a  girl  friend  and  her  husband. 
I’ve  just  gone  to  have  some  way  to  go 
and  there  hasn’t  been  anything  wrong 
about  it,  but  people  are  gossiping  about 
me.  Do  you  think  I  should  go  out? — 
Wondering. 

While  your  actions  are  probably 
quite  innocent,  I  can  see  that  you  are 


“If  you’re  the  famous  football 
player,  why  don’t  you  gain  that 
yard?” 


laying  yourself  open  for  a  great  deal 
of  criticism  and  gossip  by  going  around 
with  young  people  to  places  of  amuse¬ 
ment  before  your  divorce  becomes  final. 
If  you  wish  the  custody  of  your  chil¬ 
dren,  you  had  probably  better  live 
rather  a  retired,  quiet  life,  so  that 
there  will  be  no  opportunity  for  your 
husband  to  bring  charges  against  you 
at  the  divorce  hearing. 

*  *  * 

ffDon’t  Sit  Under  the  Apple 
Tree  ...” 

Dear  Lucile:  I’m  very  much  in  love 
with  a  boy  that’s  in  the  army  and  we 
are  engaged  to  be  married.  Now  he  has 
signed  up  for  foreign  service  which  I  am 
very  proud  to  have  him  do,  but  I  wonder 
if  I  shouM  have  dates  with  other  boys 
while  my  sweetheart  is  away. 

Would  it  be  fair  to  him  to  have  dates 
while  he  is  fightiiig  for  the  love  of  me 
and  his  country? — Marion. 

If  you  are  engaged  to  this  boy  and 
really  love  him  “dearly”  as  you  say 
in  your  letter,  I  don’t  believe  you’d 
want  to  have  dates  with  others  while 
he  is  gone. 

Better  ask  yourself  the  searching 
question :  Are  you  in  love  deeply 

enough  to  be  contented  to  stay  home 
and  wait  for  letters,  while  others  your 
own  age  are  out  having  a  good  time? 
If  you  aren’t,  you’d  better  not  “be  en¬ 
gaged.” 

*  *  * 

Too  Much  Difference 

Dear  Lucile :  I  am  divorced  from  my 
wife  and  have  one  child  of  seven,  whom 
I  board  out,  but  the  welfare  people  are 
causing  me  trouble  because  she  is  in  a 
place  they  have  not  ok’ed. 

I  live  in  a  house  trailer  near  my  work 
and  take  my  meals  at  a  boarding  house 
run  by  a  grass  widow  who  is  about  20 
years  older  than  I  am.  We  seem  to  care 
a  great  deal  for  each  other,  and  she  has 
good  character,  is  a  good  housekeeper 
and  cook,  and  I’d  like  to  get  married,  but 
she  thinks  she  is  too  old  for  me.  I  am 
37 ;  she  is  57,  and  has  married  daughters. 

What  do  you  think? — Bill. 

Personally,  I  wouldn’t  predict  much 
satisfaction  out  of  a  marriage  with  a 
woman  this  much  older.  Your  tastes 
are  bound  to  be  different;  your  children 
might  provide  obstacles  and  in  10  years 
more  your  wife  would  be  an  old  lady 
of  70  while  you  would  be  in  your  mid¬ 
dle-aged  prime.  I’d  give  a  lot  of 
thought  to  the  matter,  if  I  were  in  your 
place.  The  argument  with  the  welfare 
supervisor  should  be  easily  settled  by 
moving  your  child  to  a  place  of  which 
she  approves. 

*  *  * 

Has  He  Forgotten  Her? 

Dear  Lucile :  I  am  supposed  to  be  en¬ 
gaged  to  a  young  soldier.  Recently  he 
had  a  furlough  and  asked  me  to  come  up 
to  his  home  to  be  with  him,  but  I 
couldn’t  go.  I  invited  him  to  my  home, 
but  he  couldn’t  come.  He  went  back  to 
camp  without  seeing  me  and  didn’t  write 
for  a  month.  I  have  had  only  two  let¬ 
ters  from  him  in  a  month’s  time  and  they 
never  even  mention  love.  He  says  he 
hasn’t  time  to  write.  It  is  a  very  un¬ 
satisfactory  arrangement;  do  you  think 
he  is  tired  of  me,  or  what? — Left  Behind. 

This  is  a  very  difficult  situation  for 
you  to  be  in  and  I  can  understand  that 
you  are  not  getting  very  much  satis¬ 
faction  from  your  friendship  with  this 
boy,  but  perhaps  it  is  one  of  the  dis¬ 
comforts  we  have  to  accept  as  a  result 
of  the  war.  I  believe  I  would  have 
faith  in  him  a  while  longer  and  see  how 
things  work  out. 

On  the  matter  of  his  not  having  time 
to  write,  that  is  hard  to  understand, 
for  soldiers  are  so  anxious  to  get  mail 
and  usually  find  time  to  write  regard¬ 
less.  Especially  to  the  girl  they  are 
engaged  to.  But  it  is  true  that  the 
army  is  moving  about  a  lot,  now  some¬ 
times  on  a  moment’s  notice;  holding 
maneuvers,  etc.  Maybe  he  really 
doesn’t  have  time  to  write.  I’d  stick  a 
while  longer,  I  believe. 


THAT'S  RIGHT.  VOU  SEE,  ALL  VEASTS  ARE 
MOT  THE  SAME.  FLEISCHMANN'S  WITH 
THE  YELLOW  LABEL  IS  THE  ONlY  YEAST 
WITH  VITAMINS  A  AND  D  IN  ADDITION  TO 

e>.  and  g.not  one  is  appreciably  lost 

IN  THE  OVEN, EITHER'  THAT'S  WHY  ROLLS 


FREE!  40-page,  full-color  book  with  over 
60  recipes.  Write  Standard  Brands,  Inc., 
691  Washington  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


Thru  its  clear  channel 
system  of  broadcasting 
and  50,000  watt  power 


can  be  depended  upon 
to  keep  you  posted  on 
the  latest  news  from 
all  parts  of  the  world. 

Thru  its  affiliation  with  the 

NATIONAL  BROADCASTING  CO., 
and  the  BLUE  NETWORK  Inc., 

WHAM  offers  for  your  listening 
pleasure  the  finest  in  entertainment. 

Set  your  dial  at  1180  kc.,  anytime,  day  or  night. 

ROCHESTER,  NEW  YORK 


A]  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  5,  1942 


ments  move  can  also  be  improved  up¬ 
on  through  railroad  cooperation,  as  can 
the  conditions  under  which  the  little 
calves  are  yarded  and  fed  enroute. 

Let’s  Be  Cautious 

Personally,  I  am  rather  glad  that 
not  all  the  New  York  farmers  who 
wanted  feeder  calves  this  fall  got  them. 
I  know  that  some  who  did  are  going 
to  be  disappointed  in  the  results  they 
get.  What  is  happening  is  that  we 
are  going  into  a  new  industry  here  in 
the  Northeast,  an  industry  in  which 
we  have  had  very  little  experience  and 
for  which  tried  and  experienced  leader¬ 
ship  is  not  available.  Under  these  cir¬ 
cumstances  we  should  feel  our  way. 
Certainly  no  successful  dairyman,  even 

.under  the  stress  of  war-time  labor  con¬ 
ditions,  should  lightly  abandon  his 
dairy  cows  to  take  up  with  the  little 
white-faced  strangers  from  the  south¬ 
west. 

*  *  * 

BELL  MARE 

We  have  a  little  bunch  of  six  young 
mules,  yearlings  and  two  year  olds, 
running  together  and  have  turned  in 
with  them  a  Belgian  mare.  This  mare 
has  adopted  the  mules  and  they  have 
accepted  her  as  their  guardian  and 
leader  with  unquestioning  loyalty. 

The  little  herd  has  free  access  to  a 
basement — in  this  basement  they  are 
fed.  The  other  day  we  turned  a  pair 
of  saddlebred  geldings  in  with  the 
bunch.  The  Belgian  mare  straight¬ 
way  took  charge  of  the  situation.  She 
refused  to  let  her  mules  anywhere  near 
the  geldings  or  the  geldings  anywhere 
near  the  mules.  In  addition,  up  to  the 
present  time,  she  refuses  to  let  the 
geldings  come  into  the  bam  to  get 
anything  to  eat  when  her  long-eared 
charges  are  in  there.  It  begins  to  look 
as  though  we  will  have  to  take  the 
geldings  out  or  they  will  fare  pretty 
hard  this  winter. 

*  *  * 

BRAHMAN: S  BOEVG  WELL 

Our  five  Brahman  heifer  calves  are 
doing  very  well.  They  still  are  very 
shy,  they  still  trust  only  each  other 
and  so  always  keep  together,  and,  if 
anything,  they  grow  homelier  every 
day.  On  the  other  hand  it  is  my  judg¬ 
ment  that  they  are  growing  faster, 
considering  the  feed  they  are  eating, 
than  anything  else  on  the  place.  Down 
in  south  Texas,  men  who  had  had  ex¬ 


perience  with  Brahmans  in  feed  lots 
predicted  that  they  would  surprise  me 
by  the  way  they  would  grow  and  put 
on  weight.  They  have. 

*  *  * 

GRASS  SILAGE 

We  now  are  feeding  grass  silage  out 
of  four  silos,  two  at  Sunny  Gables  and 
two  at  Larchmont.  All  of  this  grass 
silage  was  made  by  the  wilting  meth¬ 
od.  So  far  we  have  had  practically  no 
wastage  even  at  the  top  of  the  silo. 
On  Sunday,  however,  we  were  shown 
silage  by  a  neighbor  who  evidently  had 
wilted  the  grass  too  much.  It  was  so 
full  of  mold  that  he  did  not  dare  feed 
it. 

Our  silage  has  good  color  and  ap¬ 
parently  is  very  palatable,  since  every¬ 
thing  to  which  it  is  fed  eats  it  freely. 

It  does  not,  however,  meet  our  own 
family  requirements  for  good  odor 
which  means  that  the  man  who  feeds 
it  cannot  meet  his  women  folks  with¬ 
out  their  saying,  “phew”! 

I  am  inclined  to  believe  that  the 
strong  odor,  which  certainly  would  not 
be  acceptable  around  a  dairy  bam, 
may  mean  that  we  have  not  yet  madef 
as  good  silage  as  we  should.  To  check 
our  quality  I  am  having  analyses 
made  from  samples  of  the  silage  from 
each  silo  at  the  College  of  Agriculture 
and  if  nothing  interferes  will  report 
the  findings  two  weeks  from  now. 

*  *  * 

SMART  PIGS 

We  have  20  feeder  pigs  running  with 
about  30  heifers  on  full  feed  in  one 
of  our  basements.  When  we  put  these 
pigs  in  with  the  heifers,  the  heifers 
were  drinking  out  of  an  automatic 
water  bucket  about  two  feet  high.  .Be¬ 
fore  we  got  around  to  make  provision 
for  watering  the  pigs,  they  apparently 
got  thirsty  and  one  of  them  discover¬ 
ed  that  he  could  draw  water  by  stand¬ 
ing  on  his  hind  feet  and  pressing  down 
on  the  automatic  control  of  the  water 
bucket  with  his  forefeet.  The  others 
soon  copied  him  and  the  arrangement 
would  be  perfect  except  for  “the  hog” 
of  it. 

Some  of  the  darned  pigs  are  not 
content  with  simply  drawing  enough 
water  to  satisfy  their  thirst — they  like 
to  stand  there  and  let  it  run  so  they 
can  also  have  a  shower  bath,  both  for 
themselves  and  for  their  mates  who 
cluster  under  the  bucket.  This  after¬ 
noon  I  had  to  direct  Glen  to  fix  the 
bucket  so  that  the  pigs  can’t  use  it 
any  more. 


By  H.  E.  BABCOCK 


FROM  SUCH  figures  as  are  avail¬ 
able  I  judge  that  there  have  been 
shipped  into  New  York  State 
alone  this  fall  around  5000  feed¬ 
er  calves  from  the  range  states — most¬ 
ly  from  Texas.  The  largest  importer 
of  these  calves  was  the  Producers  Co¬ 
operative  Commission  Association  of 
Buffalo  which  purchased  approximate¬ 
ly  3000  calves  for  its  patrons.  From 
what  Bob  Martin  of  the  above  co¬ 
operative  tells  me  and  from  many  let¬ 
ters  received  from  readers  of  this  page, 
1  judge  that  at  least  another  5000 
calves  would  have  been  purchased  by 
New  York  farmers  had  they  been 
available. 


of  feeder  calves  into  this  section  to 
increase  each  year.  I  am  sure  that 
five  years  ago  there  were  not  five  per 
cent  as  many  calves  brought  into  the 
state  as  were  shipped  in  this  fall. 

It  is  possible  that  when  community 
locker  plants  and  home  quick-freeze 
boxes  can  again  be  freely  constructed, 
we  may  bring  as  many  as  a  quarter  of 
a  million  feeder  calves  into  the  North¬ 
east  each  fall.  On  the  chance  that 
such  a  movement  may  eventually  de¬ 
velop,  it  seems  to  me  that  it  is  not  a 
bit  too  early  to  begin  to  think  about 
how  a  safer  job  of  importing  these 
calves  can  be  done  than  is  now  pos¬ 
sible  under  present  practices. 


When  I  visited  my  son  in  New  Mexico 
this  fall,  I  noticed  in  one  of  his  cotton 
fields  a  cotton  variety  test.  I  asked  him 
if  he  could  have  pictures  taken  of  typical 
plants  of  the  three  varieties  being  tested 
so  that  I  could  show  them  to  readers  of 
American  Agriculturist. 

Beginning  at  the  left  is  the  cotton 
which  usage  has  established  as  the  best 
producing  variety  of  moderately  long 
staple  cotton  for  this  section.  In  the  cen¬ 
ter  is  a  typical  stalk  of  the  long  staple 
Egyptian  cotton  which  our  government 
is  so  interested  in  having  produced  in 
volume  in  this  country  that  it  is  subsi¬ 
dizing  its  production.  Note  that  despite 
the  size  of  the  stalk,  well  over  six  feet 
tall,  the  production  of  cotton  fiber  under 
my  son’s  conditions  was  very  light. 

Finally,  between  my  grandson  and  his 
dad  is  a  stalk  of  long  staple  cotton  which 
looks  very  promising.  It  is  yielding  al¬ 
most  as  well  as  the  old  established  va¬ 
riety  at  the  left,  and  the  cotton  is  longer 
staple  and  therefore  worth  more. 


Our  Own  Shipments 

For  Sunny  Gables  I  purchased  one 
carload  of  55  steer  calves  and  five 
Brahmans  in  Southern  Texas,  two  car¬ 
loads  of  heifer  calves  under  six  months 
old  from  the  Davis  Mountain  section 
of  Texas — there  were  64  calves  in  each 
car — and  for  short  feeding,  two  car¬ 
loads  of  grass  fat,  long  yearlings  from 
Tennessee.  I  got  these  through  the 
Buffalo  market  —  they  averaged  36 
head  to  the  car.  In  all,  during  the 
months  of  September  and  November, 
we  brought  on  to  the  farm,  260  head 
of  feeder  calves  and  yearlings. 

All  of  these  cattle  arrived  in  good 
shape  except  the  last  carload  of  little 
heifer  calves  from  Texas;  most  of 
these  calves  showed  up  with  colds.  We 
segregated  them  and  they  improved 
rapidly.  For  a  time  it  looked  as 
though  we  were  going  to  take  on  the 
entire  lot  without  the  loss  of  a  single 
calf,  then  the  boys  found  a  little  heifer 
calf  in  a  group  of  100  which  wasn’t 
eating  and  in  a  few  days  she  was  dead 
with  pneumonia.  So  far  as  we  can 
tell,  nothing  else  is  sick  as  I  write  this. 

Two  of  our  neighbors,  however, 
bought  small  lots  of  calves  and  one 
of  them  has  lost  a  calf  with  pneu¬ 
monia.  On  inquiring  around  I  find 
that  so-called  shipping  fever  in  feeder 
cattle  is  showing  up  here  and  there 
throughout  all  the  Midwest  States 
which  buy  the  bulk  of  these  cattle. 

We  Face  Problems 

Since  I  feel  quite  sure  that  the  safest 
way,  and  I  believe  the  most  profitable 
way,  for  the  Northeast  to  go  into  beef 
raising  is  through  the  purchase  of 
young,  light,  feeder  calves  to  be  large¬ 
ly  grown  out  on  our  native  grass  and 
hay  and  then  finished  with  a  short 
grain  feed,  I  look  for  the  movement 


Shipped  Too  Late 

I  think  we  must  begin  with  the  ship¬ 
ping  date  —  it  is  just  too  late.  Natur¬ 
ally  the  cattle  raiser  wants  to  keep 
the  calf  until  he’s  got  the  last  pound 
of  weight  on  it;  naturally  he  also 
wants  to  make  his  roundup  at  approxi¬ 
mately  the  same  time  they  are  cus¬ 
tomarily  made  in  his  section.  As  a  re¬ 
sult  he  loads  out  his  feeder  calves  and 
starts  them  for  the  Northeast  at  just 
the  time,  early  November,  when  we 
are  almost  sure  to  have  disagreeable 
weather  up  here. 

This,  means  that  the  little  calves 
have  added  to  the  hazards  of  forced 
weaning  and  an  unwelcome  railroad 
journey  in  a  draughty  stock  car,  the 
hardship  of  introduction  to  weather 
which  drives,  or  should  drive,  our  own 
native  cattle  indoors. 

After  having  shipped  in  feeder 
calves  for  several  years,  I  am  willing 
to  pay  a  premium  of  as  much  as  a 
cent  a  pound  on  the  present  market  for 
calves  shipped  to  me  in  September 
over  those  shipped  in  November. 

Then  there  is  the  question  of  de¬ 
veloping  a  reliable  vaccination  for 
shipping  fever  —  perhaps  we  already 
have  this;  even  if  we  have,  it’s  going 
to  be  difficult  to  get  the  shippers  to 
use  it.  The  speed  with  which  the  ship¬ 


(660  )  22 


Kernels,  Screenings 

and  Chaff 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  5,  1942 


23  (661) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 

I 

B>ij,  Jl.  Godtine 


NO  HELP 

The  U.  S.  mails  have  been  burdened 
in  recent  weeks  by  thousands  of  let¬ 
ters  sent  out  by  the  Fashion  Dress 
Company  of  Long  Island  City,  New 
York.  Classified  ads  were  put  in  many 
publications,  indicating  that  women 
could  earn  $18.00  a  dozen  by  making 
dresses  at  home.  Women  who  answer 
the  advertisement  receive  a  letter  ask¬ 
ing  for  $2.00  for  an  outfit  with  which 
to  start,  and  promising  a  refund  of 
$2.00  after  a  dozen  dresses  had  been 
made. 

While  there  is  nothing  in  the  form 
letter  to  indicate  just  how  these 
dresses  are  to  be  sold,  there  is  no 
promise  by  the  Fashion  Dress  Com¬ 
pany  that  they  will  sell  them  for  the 
workers.  In  fact,  we  understand,  when 
a  definite  question  is  made  on  this 
point,  that  the  workers  are  told  they 
are  supposed  to  sell  the  dresses  local¬ 
ly- 

It  is  our  conclusion  after  much  ex¬ 
perience  with  this  type  of  home 
scheme,  that  the  company  is  interested 
primarily  in  selling  material  for  $2.00. 
Look  at  it  this  way,  and  there  is  noth¬ 
ing  particularly  attractive  about  the 
offer;  if  you  want  to  make  money  sew¬ 
ing,  look  up  your  own  customers,  and 
buy  your  own  supplies  locally. 

*  *  * 

“I  am  asking  help  on  this  problem.  I 
read  an  ad  in  a  paper  and  it  says  if  you 
would  like  to  make  money  at  home  by 
making  dresses,  write  to  them.  They  gave 
me  to  believe  that  all  I  had  to  do  was 
make  them  and  pay  me  for  making  them, 
as  they  would  sell  them.  They  sent  a 
sample  of  a  dress  after  I  had  to  pay  $2.00 
for  it.  They  told  me  then  that  I  had  to 
make  them  and  sell  them  too.  I  sent  a 
letter  asking  for  my  money  back  after  I 
had  sent  the  dress  back  with  the  letter, 
but  the  letter  came  back  marked,  ‘Firm 
Dissolved’.  I  did  not  get  either  the  dress 
back  or  the  money.  If  the  letter  came  back 
why  didn’t  the  dress  come  too?  Please  let 
me  know  what  you  can  do  in  the  matter.” 

This  letter  is  the  last  one  received 
about  the  Fashion  Dress  Co.  The  en¬ 
velope  was  marked,  “Firm  Dissolved”. 
We  understand  that  the  Post  Office 
Department  has  been  looking  into  the 
activities  of  this  company  and  it  might 
appear  that  the  company  closed  shop 
rather  than  take  the  chance  of  having 
the  Post  Office  Department  declare 
them  fraudulent.  The  trouble  in  such  a 
case  is  it  is  so  easy  to  start  up  again 
under  a  new  name.  The  most  certain 
way  of  stopping  this  kind  of  business 


Claims  Recently  Settletl 
by  the  Service  Bureau 


NEW  YORK 

Mrs.  Roy  S.  Mains,  Sidney  Center  - $  1.58 

(Settlement  on  washing  machine) 

Mr.  Leo  E.  Tenney,  Naples _ _ _  5.00 

(Claim  settled) 

Mr.  E.  M.  Arnold,  Oneonta _ _ _  8.00 

(Claim  settled) 

Mrs.  S.  A.  Pettes,  Champlain _ _ _  8.95 

(Adjustment  on  mail  order) 

PENNSYLVANIA 

Mrs.  William  Bahl,  Dushore _ _ _ _ 17.00 

(Adjustment  on  baby  chicks) 

Mrs.  Vera  Swanson,  Akeley _ _ _  2.03 

(Settlement  cn  mail  order) 

MAINE 


Mrs.  Leah  M.  Livermore,  Dover-  Foxcroft _ 21.00 

(Settlement  on  mail  order) 

Mrs.  Ethelyn  Chase,  Dixheld _ 15.80 

(Claim  against  bus  -company  settled) 

CLAIMS  NOT  INVOLVING  CASH 
NEW  YORK 

Mrs.  Willis  B.  Cudney,  Summitville 

(Adjustment  on  order  of  pigs) 

Mrs.  Waldo  Roberts.  Remsen 
(Settlement  on  magazine  subscription) 

MAINE 

Mrs.  Ralph  Seamans,  Levant 

(Adjustment  on  magazine  subscription) 

CONNECTICUT 
Mr.  Thomas  Wood,  Waterford 

(Adjustment  on  order  of  post  cards) 


would  be  for  the  public  to  refuse  to  deal 
with  them.  We  are  very  sorry,  but  in 
this  case,  or  in  any  other  similar  case, 
there  is  practically  no  chance  of  get¬ 
ting  a  refund. 

— a.  a. — 

PULLETS 

“I  ordered  some  pullets  from  a  poultry 
farm.  They  were  advertised  as  15  weeks 
old,  but  they  do  not  look  as  though  they 
were  over  9  or  10  weeks,  and  won’t  begin 
to  lay  for  two  or  three  months.  I  paid 
$.95  each  for  them,  and  don’t  feel  they 
are  worth  over  $.50.” 

The  poultry  farm  from  which  our 
subscriber  bought  does  not  advertise 
in  American  Agriculturist.  The  Am¬ 
erican  Agriculturist  Service  Bureau 
does  not  handle  complaints  against 
firms  that  sell  baby  chicks  or  pullets 
who  do  not  advertise  with  us.  In 
the  first  place,  we  do  not  feel  it  is  quite 
fair  of  our  readers  to  refuse  to  buy 
from  American  Agriculturist  advertis¬ 
ers,  and  then  when  they  get  into 
trouble,  ask  the  Service  Bureau  to  help 
them  out.  Second,  the  Service  Bureau 
has  little  pressure  they  can  bring  on 
hatcheries  that  do  not  advertise  with 
us,  and  from  the  subscriber’s  point  of 
view,  he  will  be  more  likely  to  get  an 
adjustment  if  he  asks  the  help  of  the 
publication  in  which  the  advertisement 
appeared. 

American  Agriculturist  is  operated 
by  a  Foundation  with  the  profits,  after 
expenses  are  paid,  going  to  furthering 
agricultural  education  and  research. 
We  have  much  evidence  that  our  sub¬ 
scribers  have  a  very  high  regard  for 
American  Agriculturist  and  wish  to  do 
everything  they  can  to  make  it  more 
effective.  One  of  the  best  ways  to  do 
this  is  to  patronize  its  advertisers,  be¬ 
ing  sure  to  use  the  address  as  it  ap¬ 
pears.  in  American  Agriculturist ,  thus 
telling  the  advertiser  that  the  business 
they  get  resulted  from  advertising  with 
us.  This  helps  American  Agriculturist 
and  it  helps  you  because  you  are  pro¬ 
tected  by  our  policy  which  includes  the 
refusal  of  any  advertising  which  we 
have  reason  to  believe  is  not  absolute¬ 
ly  reliable. 

—a.  a. — 

A  PRINCIPLE 

“I  recently  had  an  experience  that  cost 
me  some  money,  and  I  had  the  person 
involved  arrested.  The  other  day  I  re¬ 
ceived  a  call  from  a  lawyer  who  wanted 
me  to  drop  the  charges,  in  case  the  money 
I  lost  was  returned  to  me.  J  refused  to 
do  it.” 

We  want  to  congratulate  our  reader 
on  this  action.  Too  often  in  the  past, 
it  has  been  impossible  to  press  a  charge 
against  a  person  who  was  beating  our 
subscribers  out  of  money  because  the 
one  who  started  action  would  drop  the 
case  as  soon  as  they  received  an  offer 
to  refund  their  money.  As  we  see  it, 
there  is  a  principle  involved,  and  we 
are  glad  our  subscriber  is  standing  on 
these  principles. 

—a.  a. — 

One  of  our  subscribers  would  like  to 
know  the  address  of  Mr.  Ivan  H. 
Farnsworth,  last  known  to  oe  living 
at  Clintondale,  N.  Y.  If  anyone  knows 
of  his  whereabouts,  the  information 
will  be  greatly  appreciated. 

— a.  a. — 

We  are  trying  to  locate  a  man  by 
the  name  of  Gerry  Writeman  who  is 
said  to  be  working  in  a  T.  N.  T.  plant 
in  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.  If  anyone 
knows  his  address,  we  would  appre¬ 
ciate  the  information. 


Buy  War  Bonds  and  Stamps 


I  VE  BEEN  READING  THE  AMERICAN 
AGRICULTURIST  FOR  12  YEARS . 


and  I’ve  been  advertising 
in  it  ever  since  I  started 
in  the  hatchery  business. 


M.  C.  BABCOCK,  hatcheryman 
of  Ithaca,  IWewYork,  who  had 
the  high  White  Leghorn  pen 
in  all  lj.  S.  Egg  Laying  Tests 
for  1941-42,  with  a  record  of 
3839  Eggs  in  51  weeks  with. 
100%  livability. 


“W?fT  American  Agriculturist  lands  on  my  desk,  the 
first  thing  I  do  is  flop  it  over  and  read  ‘Kernels,  Screen¬ 
ings  and  Chaff.’  I  never  miss  reading  H.  E.  Babcock’s  (no  rela¬ 
tion  to  me)  page  because  his  articles  are  always  hot  off  the  stove 
and  because  they  always  set  me  to  thinking. 

“I  read  the  Farmers  Market  page  to  see  who  has  puppies, 
pigs,  honey  and  chickens  for  sale.  And  I  read  all  the  articles  ex¬ 
cept  those  about  the  milk  situation.  A  hen  man  can’t  untangle 
milk  problems. 

“The  thing  I  like  best  about  the  American  Agriculturist 
is  that  it  never  has  a  sour  editorial  policy — just  sound,  construc¬ 
tive  criticism  of  anything  that  opposes  farmer’s  welfare.  I  guess 
the  American  Agriculturist  always  sees  the  farmers  side  be¬ 
cause  the  men  who  run  it  still  have  hayseeds  in  their  pants-cuffs. 

“And  1  keep  my  ad  running  in  the  American  Agriculturist 
year  in  and  year  out — for  that’s  where  many  of  my  best  custom¬ 
ers  come  from.  American  Agriculturist  gives  me  the  lowest 
inquiry  cost  and  the  lowest  cost  per  dollar  sales  of  any  publica¬ 
tion  I  have  used.” 

Reading  the  American  Agriculturist  is  a  lifetime  habit 
with  Northeastern  poultrymen,  dairymen,  and  farmers  who 
want  to  keep  in  close  touch  with  what’s  going  on  in  the  farm 
world.  For  American  Agriculturist  gives  you  an  accurate 
cross  section  of  the  opinions  of  specialists  in  all  phases  of 
farming.  American  Agriculturist  contributors  not  only 
know  what  they’re  talking  about  —  but  they  know  how  to 
give  you  the  facts  in  clear,  forceful,  entertaining  articles 
that  make  it  a  joy  to  read  them.  And  American  Agricul¬ 
turist  advertisers  offer  you  sound,  dependable  values  in  the 
supplies  you  need  to  operate  your  farm  and  your  home. 

Keep.  'Ifausi  SuAdjcAsifUian  tlenewed 


mvmutn 


THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 

Founded  1842 


EDITORIAL  OFFICE 
Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


PRINTING  PLANT 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


★  ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★ 
★  ★ 

//  * 

★ 

*•  ★ 

V  ★ 
★ 

★ 
★ 
★ 
★ 
★ 

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★ 

★ 
★ 


★ 

★ 

★ 


Out  0^  o  world  in  turmoil — rising  clear  above  this  ter¬ 
rible  strife — comes  a  plea  to  the  sons  of  our  good  earth 
from  the  bloodless  lips  of  all  humanity — "Give  Us  This 
Day  Our  Daily  Bread."  This  simple  prayer  from  the  heart 
of  hungry  mankind  has  a  deeper,  plainer  meaning  now — 
a  meaning  that  cannot,  and  is  not  beng  ignored  by  the 
farm  families  of  America. 

And  Food  is  not  our  Whole  Effort ... 

We  have  sent  our  sons  and  brothers  into  the  Service  and 
carried,  on  with  less  help. 

We  have  invested  to  our  capacity  in  war  stamps  and  bonds. 


klklklk 


We  have  salvaged  our  scrap  metal — our  waste  products — 
our  rubber. 

And  being  unusually  thrifty,  we  have  sought  saving  of  materiel 
wherever  it  could  be  made. 

Now,  we  of  the  Dairymen’s  League  are  urging  that  a  study  of 
the  entire  dairy  industry  be  made  so  that  all  waste  of  material 
and  manpower  be  stopped,  in  order  to  contribute  most  to  our 
country’s  welfare. 

We  farmers  insist  that  the  greatest  waste  in  the  dairy  industry 
will  be  found  in  the  transportation  and  handling  of  milk  from 
country  plant  to  consumer — NOT  IN  FARM  TRUCKING! 

We  ask  that  all  dairy  farmers  lift  their  voices  together  in  de¬ 
manding  that  farm  families  be  allowed  to  keep  all  the  rights  and 
privileges  they  have  so  laboriously  built. 

Since  the  birth  of  civilization,  farmers  have  plodded  their 
lonely,  hard  way.  They  have  sustained  life  without  praise  and 
against  countless  obstacles.  But  at  last  we  are  learning  that  only 
through  organization  and  organized  effort  can  we  hold  our 
rights  and  supply  the  food  needed  in  this  fight  for  our  country’s 
life.  Only  through  united  effort  can  we  eliminate  all  the  waste 
wherever  it  is  found. 


Published  by  THE  THOUSANDS  OF  FARMERS  WHO  OWN,  OPERATE  AND  CONTROL  THE  DAIRYMEN'S  LEAGUE 


*  *  > 


THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 


PUBLISHED 
EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 


1943  Farm  Front  Plans 


LREADY  farmers  are  beginning  to 
look  ahead  and  make  their  plans 
for  1943.  Farming  is  that  kind  of 
business.  To  be  sure,  there  will 
have  to  be  some  adjustments  to 
meet  changing  conditions,  but  the  man  who 
waits  until  snowbanks  begin  to  melt  before  he 
makes  plans  is  likely  to  be  a  jump  behind  for 
the  rest  of  the  year.  There  never  was  a  time 
when  it  was  more  difficult  to  plan  ahead  or 
when  such  planning  was  more  important. 

The  sky  will  be  the  limit  in  the  demand 
for  food.  Particularly  in  demand  for  our  arm¬ 
ed  forces  and  our  Allies  will  be  milk,  milk 
products,  meat  and  eggs.  Already  we  are  be¬ 
ing  asked  voluntarily  to  limit  meat  consump¬ 
tion  to  2y2  lbs.  per  person  per  week.  City  con¬ 
sumers  are  asking  for  more  milk  than  is  avail¬ 
able;  and  eggs,  once  they  are  dried,  make 
one  of  the  most  concentrated  foods  to  be 
shipped  overseas. 

The  fruit  and  vegetable  picture  is  less  clear. 
The  national  income  is  growing,  and  little 
difficulty  is  anticipated  in  marketing  a  normal 
or  even  above-normal  crop  of  fruit  in  1943. 
There  will  be  few  exports  of  fresh  fruits,  but 
domestic  demand  plus  requirements  of  the 
armed  forces  in  this  country  should  be  ample. 

Secretary  Wickard  has  already  suggested 
some  change  in  acreages  of  southern  early 
vegetable  crops,  and  may  follow  this  with 
similar  suggestions  for  northern  states.  (See 
page  3,  November  7  issue.)  Tin  will  certainly 
be  scarce  for  canning,  but  big  strides  are  be¬ 
ing  made  in  dehydrating  and  freezing  vege¬ 
tables  for  shipment  abroad.  It  is  estimated 
that  the  requirements  of  the  U.  S.  armed 
forces  for  frozen  vegetables  next  year  will  to¬ 
tal  70,900,000  lbs.  When  other  elements  of  the 
situation  are  considered,  it  is  difficult  to  see 
how  we  can  possibly  grow  too  many  vegeta¬ 
bles  in  1943. 

To  sum  up  the  whole  situation,  we  can 
practically  dismiss  the  demand  side  of  the 
picture  by  saying  that  we  are  going  to  need 
all  of  the  food  we  possibly  can  raise. 

Prices 

There  has  been  too  much  talk  about  hold¬ 
ing  down  the  cost  of  living  and  too  few  steps 
taken  to  insure  an  adequate  supply  of  food. 
Already  price  ceilings  have  been  put  on  a 
good  many  farm  products,  and  farmers  gen¬ 
erally  agree  that  ceilings  are  too  low  to  give 
much  encouragement  to  increased  production. 
The  bright  side  of  the  picture  is  that  Wash¬ 
ington  officials  are  beginning  to  realize  the 


threat  of  a  food  shortage.  Therefore,  ceiling 
prices  may  be  raised.  The  danger  is  that  they 
may  not  be  raised  until  it  is  too  late  to  affect 
production  next  year.  You  can  be  sure  of  one 
thing — farm  prices  in  1943  will  not  give  you 
cost  of  production  plus  10%  and  will  not  rise 
to  a  point  where  you  can  afford  to  “toll”  a 
man  away  from  a  defense  job. 

Supplies 

Hay  and  grain  production  in  1942  was  good. 
However,  our  animal  population  is  bigger 
than  it  was  a  year  ago,  and  there  is  little 
doubt  that  the  carry-over  of  feed  grains  next 
summer  will  be  less  than  it  was  a  year  ago. 
There  should  be  no  drastic  increase  in  feed 
prices,  and  the  supply  should  be  ample.  The 
greatest  danger  is  a  breakdown  in  transporta¬ 


tion,  which  could  easily  result  in  a  temporary 
shortage  of  feed  on  northeastern  farms.  That 
is  why  you  should  keep  your  feed  bins  full. 

Nitrogen  is  an  important  fertilizer  element. 
It  is  also  one  of  the  chief  ingredients  in  ex¬ 
plosives.  While  you  won’t  have  the  choice  of 
fertilizer  formulas  that  you  had  in  the  past, 
the  supply  of  all  fertilizer  ingredients  except 
nitrogen  is  ample.  A  very  complete  state¬ 
ment  of  the  fertilizer  situation  was  given  you 
on  page  11  of  the  November  21  issue  of 
American  Agriculturist. 

You  will  not  be  able  to  buy  much  new 
farm  machinery  to  replace  old  tools  or  to 
save  manpower.  Unless  the  allotment  of  raw 
materials  for  farm  machinery  is  increased  — 
which  is  a  possibility  —  only  about  20%  as 
much  new  machin-  (j Please  turn  to  Page  20) 


IN  THIS  ISSIIF  FITTING  A  BUZZ  SAW,  PaSe  3;  ROMEYN  BERRY,  Page  5;  WHEN  HENS  FAIL  TO  LAY,  Page  6;  NEW 
111  llllJ  YORK  STATE  GRANGE  CONVENTION,  Page  10;  MORE  GAS  FOR  FARM  TRUCKS,  Page  12;  INCOME 

TAX  HINTS,  Page  12;  NEW  CROP  VARIETIES,  Page  16;  CHRISTMAS  RECIPES  AND  GAMES,  Page  18. 


DEC 


19  42 

i 


The  basis  of  a  sound  business  cooperative 


is  voluntary  use  by  fully  informed  patrons 


To  Every 
Dairyman  Using 
a  24%  Feed 


If  you  are  feeding  a  dairy  ration  containing  24%  protein,  you  can  help  your  neigh¬ 
bors  and  yourself  by  changing  immediately  to  one  containing  20%  protein  or  less. 
Unless  your  hay  is  extremely  poor,  the  cows  will  do  just  as  well.  And  you  \Yjll  help 
to  avoid  a  feed  situation  which  is  becoming  threatening. 


What  Is  Happening 

Protein  is  scarce.  Farmers — not  only  here  in  the 
East  but  all  over  the  country — are  feeding  their 
animals  for  top  production.  There  are  20  million 
more  hogs  this  year  than  last,  and  all  of  them  are 
being  grown  bigger.  The  hen  population  is  up. 
most  dairymen  are  feeding  their  cows  more.  All 
this  adds  up  to  the  biggest  feed  demand  this 
country  has  ever  seen. 

There  is  plenty  of  grain.  But  the  by-product 
ingredients  that  supply  most  of  the  protein — 
soybean  meal,  linseed  meal,  brewers’  grains,  dis¬ 
tillers’  grains,  gluten  feed,  etc. — are  not  coming 
through  fast  enough  to  keep  up  with  the  demand. 
Soybean  meal,  for  example:  The  soybean  crop  is 
the  largest  on  record,  210  million  bushels.  But 
the  crushing  capacity  of  the  U.  S.  is  only  120 
million  bushels.  The  crushers  can’t  extract  the  oil 
and  produce  the  meal  as  fast  as  farmers  want  to 
feed  it. 

The  same  thing  is  true  of  other  ingredients — 
the  processing  plants  just  can’t,  keep  up  with  the 
demand.  The  result  is  that  feed  mills  are  getting 


behind  on  shipments.  This  is  true  of  virtually  all 
manufacturers— cooperative  and  commercial  alike. 

What  You  Can  Do 

'The  cows  and  hens  in  this  territory  can  betaken 
care  of,  at  least  for  the  present,  if  every  dairyman 
will  start  right  now  to  cut  his  use  of  protein  down 
to  the  actual  needs  of  his  cows. 

With  hay  that  has  any  legumes  at  all,  or  even 
with  early  cut  timothy,  a  20%  protein  grain 
ration  like  G.L.F.  Exchange  Dairy  will  do  the  job. 
With  good  hay — hay  that  is  at  least  one-third 
legumes — you  can  use  16%  Super  Test  or  18% 
Legume  Dairy. 

Only  dairymen  who  have  very  poor  hay,  or 
who  are  depending  largely  on  corn  fodder  or  millet 
for  roughage,  will  need  to  feed  a  ration  containing 
more  than  20%  protein.  The  24%  feeds  should 
be  reserved  for  such  cases,  and  for  mixing  with 
home-grown  grain. 

By  starting  now  to  use  not  more  than  16%  to 
20%  protein  in  their  dairy  rations,  farmers  may 
be  able  to  head  off  a  serious  feed  shortage. 

Will  you  cooperate? 


PARTICIPATION  if  you  have  a  G.L.P. 

Participation  Certifi- 
CERTIFICATES  cate,  you  may  do  any 
.  one  of  three  things 

with  it:  (1)  Retain  it.  (2)  Sell  it  for  cash. 
(3)  Convert  it  into  G.L.F.  common  stock. 
Many  farmers  are  anxious  to  buy  these 
certificates,  so  if  you  want  cash,  you  should 
be  able  to  find  a  local  market  through 
your  G.L.F.  Service  Agency.  Do  not  sell 
your  certificate  for  less  than  face  value. 
The  G.L.F.  board  of  directors  has  ap¬ 
propriated  a  limited  sum  of  money  to  pur¬ 
chase  these  certificates  at  par  from  farm¬ 
ers  who  need  the  cash  and  cannot  find  a 
local  market. 

Should  you  decide  to  keep  the  certifi¬ 
cate,  it  will  continue  to  draw  interest  at 
4%,  at  least  until  June  30,  1943. 

Many  farmers  will  wish  to  convert 
their  certificates  into  G.L.F.  common 
stock.  To  do  this: 

(1)  Fill  out  the  form  on  the  back. 

(2)  Send  the  certificate  to  the  G.L.F. 
Stock  Dep’t.,  G.L.F.  Bldg.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

(3)  State  how  many  shares  of  stock  you 
want. 

Remember  that  this  stock  is  issued  in  $5 
shares.  If  you  have  a  certificate  for  $18.50, 
for  example,  you  may  send  a  check  for 
$1.50  along  with  it  and  get  four  shares  of 
stock.  Or  you  can  get  three  shares  of 
stock  and  $3.50  change. 

★  ★  ★ 


GET  FERTILIZER  It,  looks  now  as  if 

there  will  be  enough 
IN  THE  BARN  fertilizer  to  go  around 
for  1943 — except  for 
nitrogen,  which  must  be  cut.  But  there 
won’t  be  enough  freight  cars  and  loco¬ 
motives  to  move  it  around  when  the  peak 
season  comes.  If  you  wait,  you  may  wait 
too  long.  Best  plan  is  to  get  it  now. 

Another  thing — fertilizer  this  month  is 
available  at  last  spring’s  prices.  But  the 
ceiling  is  pretty  sure  to  go  up.  Tf  you’ve 
got  room  in  the  barn,  December  is  the 
month  to  fill  it  with  fertilizer. 

★  ★  ★ 


NOW  YOU  CAN  “Tires  for  everybody” 
is  the  aim  of  the  new 
GET  A  TiIRE  mileage  rationing  pro¬ 
gram.  Every  person  who 
holds  a  gasoline  ration  book  is  eligible  for  a 
tire  when  one  of  his  present  tires  is  no 
longer  serviceable.  He  is  also  eligible  for 
tubes. 

Your  passenger  car  tires  must  be  in¬ 
spected  every  four  months  if  you  have  an 
“A”  book,  every  two  months  if  you  have  a 
“B”  or  “C”  book.  If  the  inspector  certifies 
that  you  need  a  tire,  your  local  ration 
board  will  give  you  a  certificate.  The  kind 
of  tire  you  can  get  depends  on  the  amount 
of  mileage  your  ration  book  allows  you. 


If  ypur  gas 
ration  allows 

You  are 
entitled  to 

560  miles 
or  less  per 
month 

Recapping  service 
with  passenger  type 
camelback  if  appli¬ 
cant  has  a  recappable 
tire  carcass;  other¬ 
wise  a  grade  3  tire. 

561  to  1000 
miles  per 
month 

Recapping  service  as 
above,  otherwise  a 
grade  2  or  grade  3  at 
applicant’s  option. 

1000 

miles  per 
month  or 
more 

Recapping  service  as 
above,  otherwise  a 
grade  1,  grade  2,  or 
grade  3  at  applicant’s 
option. 

Super  Unico  Tires . / . Grade  1 

Unico  Regular  or  Bear  Cat  Tires . Grade  2 

Unico  War  Tires . GradeS 


Super  Unico  Tires . / . Grade  1 

Unico  Regular  or  Bear  Cat  Tires . Grade  2 

Unico  War  Tires . GradeS 


Cooperative  G.L.F.  Exchange,  Inc.  .  . 


Ithaca,  N.Y 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  19,  1942 


3  (665) 


Fitting  a  BUZZ  SAW 


TILE  BOTH  FRONT  AND  BACK  OF  TEETH 
AT  SAME  ANGLE  AS  TEMPLATE 


SAW  SET  FILED  ON  END  OF  HEAVY  BAR 


Fig.  1  —  Fitting  a  buzz  saw. 


Trning  Up  the  Saw 

To  work  right,  the  points  of  all  teeth 
of  a  buzz  saw  must  be  an  equal  dis¬ 
tance  from  the  center.  If  the  saw  is  on 
the  machine,  this  may  be  accomplished 
by  holding  a  piece  of  emery  stone  or 
grindstone,  fastened  to  a  board,  square¬ 
ly  across  the  points  while  the  saw  is 
slowly  rotated  by  hand.  The  stone  needs 


Fig.  2  —  Position  of  saw  for  shaping 
front  of  tooth. 


to  be  held  in  a  fixed  position  so  as  not 
to  follow  the  unevenness  of  the  teeth. 
If  the  saw  is  off  the  mandrel,  the  saw 
is  held  in  a  horizontal  position  against 
an  emery  wheel  in  line  with  the  grind¬ 
er  shaft  and  rotating  it  slowly  while 
the  grinder  is  in  motion.  The  saw  must 
be  held  with  its  center  at  a  fixed  dis¬ 
tance  from  the  grinding  wheel  while 
it  is  being  rotated. 

Gumming  the  Saw 

Before  a  saw  can  be  filed  correctly 
and  cut  well  the  gullets  or  spaces  be¬ 
tween  teeth  need  to  be  gummed  out. 
This  requires  a  gumming  wheel,  which 
is  merely  a  narrow,  round-faced  grind- 


Fig.  3  —  Position  of  saw  for  shaping 
back  of  tooth. 


Ji,  M.  Roeltl 

ing  wheel.  For  most  circular 
saws  a  %”x6”  gummer  is 
suitable.  Some  small  saws  re¬ 
quire  a  1/4”  gummer. 

A  saw  in  need  of  jointing, 
gumming  and  filing  is 
shown  at  A  in  the  drawing 
and  in  Figure  2.  It  will  be 
noted  that  the  points  of  teeth 
numbered  1,  2,  and  4  need  to 
be  jointed  down  to  be  in  line 
with  number  3.  Filing  had  been 
done  at  many  angles  for  both 
fronts  and  backs  of  teeth. 

There  is  not  a  uniform  depth 
of  gullet  or  length  of  teeth  for 
all  saws.  This  one  needed  gum¬ 
ming  to  a  %”  depth  as  indi¬ 
cated.  A  mark  as  on  the  draw¬ 
ing  is  very  helpful  to  get  all 
gullets  to  a  uniform  depth. 

In  gumming  saws  it  has 
been  found  good  practice  to 
start  gumming  at  the  point  of 
a  tooth,  aiming  the  gummer 
for  the  center  of  the  saw  as 
shown  at  A.  Doing  all  the 
gumming  of  a  gullet  at  one 
time  will  heat  the  blade  of  the 
saw  and  case  harden  it  so  that 
the  file  cannot  cut  it.  To  pre¬ 
vent  this  a  small  amount  of 
gumming  is  done  on  one  gullet 
and  then  the  gummer  moved 
on  to  the  next,  thus  giving 
time  for  the  heat  to  be  spread  over  a 
broad  surface.  The  heat  may  also  be 
caused  by  a  gummer  that  has  become 
coated  with  soft  metal.  An  emery  dres¬ 


ser  needs  to  be  used  to  keep  the  sur¬ 
face  of  the  gummer  clean. 

In  actual  gumming  practice  it  has 
been  found  that  it  is  best  to  do  most 
of  the  grinding  of  the  metal  from  the 
back  of  a  tooth  with  the  front  edge  of 
the  grimmer  as  at  A  and  holding  it 
as  at  B  only  for  truing  up  the  back  of 
the  tooth.  Figure  3  shows  the  position's 
of  the  saw  for  shaping  the  backs  of 
the  teeth.  The  gummer  is  aimed  tan- 


Fig.  3  —  Setting  a  buzz  saw. 


gent  to  a  circle  that  is  about  %  the 
distance  from  the  rim  to  the  center  of 
the  saw.  With  the  gummer  in  this  posi¬ 
tion  each  tooth  is  undercut  about  %  of 
an  inch  as  shown  at  B  in  the  drawing. 
This  provides  clearance  for  the  lower 
edge  of  the  file  while  filing  and  makes 
a  smooth,  round  gullet  to  throw  out  the 
wood  that  the  tooth  cuts.  It  is  good 
sawfitting  practice  not  to  gum  the 
teeth  to  a  chisel  edge  but  to  leave  a 
small  flat  surface  of  about  1/32  of  an 
( Continued  on  Page  8) 


(JWJ)  BETTER  THINGS  FOR  BETTER  LIVING . ..Through  Chemistry 


HOW  DU  PONT  HELPS 
YOU  MAINTAIN 
HIGH  EGG  YIELD 


“Delsterol”  is  a  dependable,  domestic  source  of 
Vitamin  D  — fortifies  feeds  efficiently 


WITHIN  the  past  few  years,  poul¬ 
try  raisers  have  greatly  in¬ 
creased  egg  production.  Today,  flocks 
averaging  170  to  200  eggs  a  year  are 
not  uncommon.  Better  care,  breeding 
and  feeding  have  made  this  possible. 

In  feeding  for  normal  growth,  vigor 
and  high  egg  yields.  Vitamin  D  is  an 
essential  ingredient.  Developed  by 
Du  Pont,  “Delsterol”  now  supplies 
this  all-important  vitamin  in  a  dry 
form,  made  entirely  from  domestic 
raw  materials  and  always  available. 

“Delsterol”  is  uniform  in  potency 
and  has  exceptional  stability.  It  is 
highly  concentrated  and  economical. 
Its  powder  carrier  permits  thorough 
dispersion  throughout  the  feed.  It 
does  not  congeal  in  cold  weather, 
and  does  not  impart  “off”  tastes  or 
odors. 

Du  Pont  chemists  worked  for  ten 
years  to  produce  this  chemically  con¬ 
trolled  and  standardized  Vitamin  D. 
Used  by  feed  manufacturers  every¬ 
where,  its  efficiency  has  been  estab¬ 
lished  in  actual  use  on  poultry  farms. 
Feeds  fortified  with  “Delsterol”  give 
utmost  protection  against  Vitamin  D 
deficiency.  Chemical  research  has  sup¬ 
plied  a  complete  solution  to  an  essen¬ 


tial  problem  in  poultry  nutrition. 

For  further  information,  consult 
your  feed  manufacturer  or  dealer.  Or 
write  E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours  & 
Co.  (Inc.),  Organic  Chemicals  De¬ 
partment.,  AA-22,  Wilmington,  Del. 

EGG  PRODUCTION,  HATCHABIUTY, 
SHELL  TEXTURE -ALL  IMPROVED 

W m.  S.  Mapes,  who  owns 
and  operates  the  Mapes 
Poultry  Farm  at  Mid¬ 
dletown,  N.  Y.,  was  pres¬ 
ident  of  the  N.  Y.  Poul¬ 
try  Improvement  Coop¬ 
erative,  Inc.,  from  1938 
to  1942.  He  has  4500 
s breeders. 

“More  than  a  year  ago,”  says  Mr.  Mapes, 
“the  company  from  which  I  get  my  poultry 
mashes  started  supplying  me  feeds  fortified 
with  ‘Delsterol.’  I  know  that  they  try  things 
out  thoroughly  before  they  offer  them  to 
their  customers,  so  I  accepted  these  feeds 
without  question.  I  can  say  now  that  in  the 
past  year  there  has  been  an  increase  in  egg 
production;  that  hatchability  also  is  better, 
and  that  shell  texture  is  definitely  improved. 
Incidentally,  one  of  my  customers  tells  me 
that  pigmentation  is  much  better  since  he 
started  using  such  feeds.  Certainly  part  of 
the  improvements  that 
I  have  mentioned  may 
be  attributed  to  this  new 
source  of  the  all-impor¬ 
tant  Vitamin  D.” 


DU  PONT 

DELSTEROL 


(VITAMIN  D) 


-DELSTEROL — Du  Pout's  registered  trade  mark  for  its  "D"-Activated  Animal  Sterof  7 


Ottawa  Log  Saw 


EASY  TO  COT 
CORD  HrfN 
WOOD/--00*' 

Wood  is  bringing:  the  highest  prices  ever  known.  There  is  a  big 
demand  everywhere.  Use  an  OTTAWA  Log  Saw,  easily  operated. 
Fells  trees,  saws  limbs.  Turn  your  wood  lot  into  money. 

OTTAWA  MFG.  CO.,  1 23  |  Wood  Street,  OTTAWA,  KANSAS 


BUY  TRACTOR  PARTS  NOW  ! 

LARGE  STOCK.  NEW  OR  USED.  QUICK  SERVICE; 

LOW  PRICES.  FREE  52  PAGE  CATALOG. 
IRVING’S  TRACTOR  LUG  CO.,  Galesburg,  Illinois. 


STRAWBERRIES 

DAY  ALLEN’S  BERRY  BOOK 

*  **  *  describes  best,  early,  me-  I 
dium,  late  and  everbearing  varie¬ 
ties.  Tells  how  to  grow  big  lus¬ 
cious  berries  for  home  and  mar¬ 
ket,  Copy  Free.  Write  Today. 

W.  F.  ALLEN  COMPANY 
17  W.  Market  St.,  Salisbury,  Md. 


- FREE - 

1943  CATALOG 

describing  all  kinds  of  vegetable  Diants. 
Tells  how  to  plant,  spray  and  care  for 
the  garden.  Write  for  your  copy  today. 

P.  D.  FULWOOD,  Dept.  118,  Tifton,  Ga. 


Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


Norman  L.  Clark.  51  Park  St.,  Pulaski,  N.  Y. 


For  Joyful  Cough 
Relief,  Try  This 
Home  Mixture 

Saves  Big  Dollars.  No  Cooking. 

This  splendid  recipe  is  used  by  millions 
every  year,  because  it  makes  such  a  de¬ 
pendable,  effective  medicine  for  coughs 
due  to  colds.  It’s  so  easy  to  mix — a  child 
could  do  it. 

From  any  druggist  get  2%  ounces  of 
Pinex,  a  special  compound  of  proven  in¬ 
gredients,  in  concentrated  form,  well- 
known  for  its  soothing  effect  on  throat 
and  bronchial  membranes. 

Then  make  a  syrup  by  stirring  two 
cups  of  granulated  sugar  and  one  cup  of 
water  a  few  moments,  until  dissolved. 
It’s  no  trouble  at  all.  No  cooking  needed. 
Or  you  can  use  corn  syrup  or  liquid 
honey,  instead  of  sugar  syrup. 

Put  the  Pinex  into  a  pint  bottle  and  add 
your  syrup.  This  makes  a  full  pint  of 
cough  medicine,  very  effective  and  quick¬ 
acting,  and  you  get  about  four  times  as 
much  for  your  money.  It  never  spoils, 
and  is  very  pleasant  in  taste. 

You’ll  be  amazed  by  the  way  it  takes 
hold  of  coughs,  giving  you  quick  re¬ 
lief.  It  loosens  the  phlegm,  soothes  the 
irritated  membranes,  and  helps  clear  the 
air  passages.  Money  refunded  if  it 
doesn’t  please  you  in  every  way. 


(666)  4 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  19.  1942 


B  V  E .  R.  E  A  S  T/AA  N 


Address  all  mail  for  Editorial  or  Advertis¬ 
ing  departments  to  Americas  Agriculturist, 
Savings  Bank  Building.  Ithaca.  Mew  York 


A  MESSAGE  OF  HOPE 

(A  Christmas  Editorial ) 

TO  THOSE  who  are  hopeless  and  discour¬ 
aged  at  this  Christmas  time,  I  bring  the 
message  of  hope  from  the  history  of  the  rise  of 
civilization  since  the  first  Christmas. 

The  trouble  with  little  man  is  that  with  his 
finite  mind  he  can  see  neither  backwards  nor 
forwards.  He  judges  and  forms  his  conclusions 
from  the  world  of  today,  just  as  he  sees  it  now. 
If  he  is  in  the  midst  of  a  depression  or  a  crisis, 
he  throws  up  his  hands  in  despair,  shouts  “Woe 
is  me!”  and  concludes  that  things  will  always 
be  that  way — or  worse.  Just  as  foolishly,  if  he 
is  riding  high  on  the  crest  of  the  wave  he  never 
thinks  of  the  trough  or  the  valley  which  will 
surely  follow. 

But  progress  can  only  be  measured  over  long 
periods  of  time.  Look  back  across  two  thousand 
years  to  the  beginning  of  Christianity,  and  com¬ 
pare  the  lot  of  the  common  man  when  Jesus  was 
born  with  what  it  is  now.  All  women  were  slaves 
or  chattels,  most  of  the  work  was  done  by 
slaves,  the  individual  counted  for  nothing,  might 
made  right,  government  was  absolute,  and  the 
people  existed  for  the  state,  never  the  state  for 
the  people. 

Now  forget  the  present  crisis  for  the  moment, 
for  it  will  pass,  as  all  others  have  passed.  In¬ 
stead,  lift  up  your  eyes  in  hope,  and  look  at  the 
encouraging  and  wonderful  gains  for  the  com¬ 
mon  man  that  have  been  made  in  the  last  2000 
years.  In  contrast  to  that  first  Christmas,  count 
the  blessings  we  enjoy  in  this  democracy  of  ours 
even  in  war  time. 

Of  course  that  progress  was  not  made  in  one 
straight  upward  line.  Wars  have  followed  upon 
wars,  depressions  upon  depressions.  There  have 
been  untold  sacrifice  and  suffering.  But  always 
over  a  long  period  of  time  there  has  been  prog¬ 
ress  for  the  forces  of  cooperation,  democracy, 
Christianity,  and  the  brotherhood  of  man.  Just 
as  surely  as  the  downs  follow  the  ups,  so  do 
the  ups  follow  the  downs. 

It  will  be  so  this  time.  Because  the  race  is  in 
a  down  now,  short-sighted  people,  the  easily 
discouraged,  those  with  little  faith,  will  find  this 
Christmas  dark  indeed.  But  the  great  majority 
know  that  civilization,  based  on  democratic 
and  Christian  ideals,  however  temporarily  held 
back,  will  eventually  go  marching  on  and  up¬ 
ward  as  it  always  has  and  always  will. 

“Truth  forever  on  the  scaffold;  wrong  forever 
on  the  throne; 

But  that  scaffold  sways  the  future,  and  behind  the 
dim  unknown  . 

Standeth  God  within  the  shadow,  keeping  watch 
above  his  own.”  • 

TURNING  BACK  THE  CLOCK 

S  NEARLY  as  anyone  can,  I  have  turned 
back  the  clock  this  fall  to  the  days  of  my 
boyhood  and  lived  just  the  way  we  used  to 
live  at  home,  the  way  thousands  of  folks  still 
live.  In  the  morning  I  jump  out  of  bed  in  a  cold 
bedroom,  grab  my  clothes,  and  dress  in  front 
of  a  big  round  oak  stove,  just  as  I  did  when 
I  was  a  kid.  And  that  fire  feels  especially  good 
because  I  cut  and  split  most  of  the  wood  for  it 
with  my  own  hands. 

In  the  brief  time  I  have  after  I  get  home  be¬ 
fore  dark  on  weekdays,  and  during  weekends, 
we  have  cleaned  up  the  garden  trash,  got  three 
large  gardens  plowed,  set  out  bushes  for  a  rasp¬ 
berry  and  blackberry  patch,  buzzed  up  a  good- 
sized  pile  of  wood,  mulched  the  strawberries, 


put  wire  around  some  of  the  shrubbery  to  keep 
the  mice  and  rabbits  from  eating  it,  carefully 
oiled  and  put  away  all  the  tools,  and,  with  the 
help  of  son  Donald  and  some  friends,  killed  and 
taken  care  of  three  good-sized  hogs.  In  the  cellar 
are  six  to  seven  hundred  cans  of  fruit  and  vege¬ 
tables.  Already  plans  are  under  way  for  grow¬ 
ing  a  big  share  of  our  food  for  two  families  for 
next  year.  Believe  me,  there  will  be  need  of  it, 
for  by  spring  many  articles  of  food  will  be  un¬ 
obtainable  in  the  stores. 

Why  go  through  all  of  this  work  and  bother 
on  top  of  the  very  exacting  job  of  editing  this 
paper?  Well,  for  one  reason,  because  if  I  live 
and  work  somewhat  in  the  way  most  of  our 
readers  do,  then  I  know  from  my  own  experi¬ 
ence  what  some  of  your  problems  are  and  how 
you  feel  about  them.  Another  reason  is  that  a 
good  garden  pays  both  in  dollars  and  in  the 
satisfaction  of  having  better  quality-  food  than 
can  be  bought  in  the  stores. 

Best  of  all,  I  love  the  country  and  the  peo¬ 
ple  who  live  there,  and  there  is  a  satisfaction 
in  living  a  natural  life  that  one  can  get  in  no 
other  way. 

WHO  IS  WHO  ? 

NE  OF  the  many  things  which  make  the 
new  book,  “Growing  Up  in  the  Horse  and 
Buggy  Days”,  so  interesting  is  its  joint  author¬ 
ship  by  Carl  and  Ed  (C.  E.  Ladd,  Dean  of  the 
New  York  State  College  of  Agriculture,  and  E. 
R.  Eastman,  Editor  of  American  Agriculturist ) 
and  the  difficulty  of  telling  which  one  wrote 
each  chapter.  Of  the  hundreds  of  people  who 
tried  to  tell  which  was  which,  only  relatives  and 
close  friends  of  the  families  guessed  correctly. 

The  background  and  experience  of  these  two 
men  are  very  similar  to  those  of  thousands  of 
other  men  and  women  who  grew  up  on  north¬ 
eastern  farms  in  horse  and  buggy  days.  That  is 
why  this  book  set  everybody  to  “remembering 
when.” 

Those  who  think  that  country  life  is  dull  and 
lonesome  should  read  this  book  about  funny 
hired  men,  runaway  horses,  adventure,  of  bud¬ 
ding  romance,  back  in  the  days  when  life  was 
not  so  complex  but  just  as  interesting. 

“Growing  Up  in  the  Horse  and  Buggy  Days”, 
an  attractively  bound  and  copiously  illustrated 
book,  will  be  sent  you  postpaid  for  $2.50.  Mail 
check  or  money  order  to  Nesterman  Publishing 
Company, »186  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York. 

WARNING  ! 

HE  FIRST  thought  I  had  when  I  heard 
of  the  terrific  destruction  of  life  in  one  of 
America’s  worst  fires,  at  the  Coconut  Grove 
night  club  in  Boston,  was  of  the  literally  thou¬ 
sands  of  high  schools,  Grange  halls,  and  other 
places  where  farm  folks  meet  that  are  fire  traps. 
I  have  been  in  halls  and  in  school  auditoriums 
time  and  again,  often  on  the  second  floor,  fre¬ 
quently  decorated  with  paper  or  other  highly 
combustible  materials,  where  it  would  be  im¬ 
possible  for  the  crowd  to  get  out  if  there  was  a 
sudden  fire.  v 

Long  streamers  made  of  paper,  dry  boughs  of 
evergreen,  however  beautiful,  may  be  deadly, 
and  should  not  be  permitted  at  Commencement 
or  other  gatherings.  Exits,  also,  in  hundreds  of 
meeting  places  are  too  few  and  too  hard  to  get 
at  by  a  panic-stricken  crowd. 

Let  all  the  destruction  and  the  sadness  which 
resulted  from  the  great  Boston  disaster  bring 
forth  a  firm  resolution  by  those  in  charge  of 


meeting  places  that  on  them  will  never  rest  the 
responsibility  for  a  similar  disaster. 

ONE  DOLLAR  FOR  TWO 

HEN  this  war  is  over,  almost  every  farm¬ 
er  will  be  very  short  of  all  kinds  of  ma¬ 
chines  and  tools.  Then  how  glad  he  will  be  if 
he  has  a  cash  reserve  with  which  to  buy  new 
equipment. 

The  best  way  to  get  this  cash  reserve  is  to  buy 
war  bonds  now.  Not  only  will  these  help  you  in 
your  business  later,  but  even  more  important, 

they  will  help  win  the  war  right  now.  Every 

dollar  that  the  government  can  get  now  through 
the  sale  of  bonds  to  carry  on  the  war  will  save 
$2  later  in  helping  to  bring  the  war  more  quick¬ 
ly  to  an  end,  not  to  mention  the  saving  in  lives 
of  our  boys. 

SOYBEANS  ARE  GOOD 

NE  OF  the  new  vegetables  which  we  par¬ 
ticularly  enjoyed  out  of  the  garden  this 
year  was  soybeans.  They  were  delicious  cooked 
fresh,  and  just  as  good  after  they  were  canned. 

Edible  soybeans  are  very  easy  to  grow.  All 
summer  I  thought  they  had  gone  all  to  vines 
and  were  not  going  to  bear.  As  a  matter  of  fact, 
they  didn’t  entirely  mature  before  frost,  so  we 
shelled  them  green,  which  was  quite  a  job. 

I  suggest  that  you  try  them  next  year,  but  be 
sure  to  look  for  an  early  maturing  variety.  Next 
year  we  are  going  to  grow  a  lot  of  them. 

SELL  EGGS  BY  WEIGHT  ? 

“Why  don’t  poultrymen  insist  on  selling  eggs  by 
the  pound  instead  of  spending  such  a  lot  of  time 
grading?  We  grew  250  tons  of  beets  and  carrots. 
Suppose  we  had  to  grade  each  of  these  to  a  frac¬ 
tion  of  an  ounce?” — L.  F.  Y N.  Y. 

THE  WRITER  of  this  letter  makes  a  point 
that  poultrymen  have  thought  a  lot  about. 
Of  course  the  quality  of  an  egg  is  not  entirely 
determined  by  its  size.  It  has  to  be  graded  for 
other  reasons.  Also,  large  eggs  bring  better  prices 
than  smaller  ones. 

However,  why  wouldn’t  it  be  better  both  from 
the  consumer  and  the  poultryman’s  standpoint 
to  sell  eggs  by  the  pound?  What  do  you  poultry- 
men  think? 

EASTMAN’S  CHESTNUT 

OMEONE  was  telling  me  about  a  lady  who 
was  visiting  an  Army  camp  and  was  surpris¬ 
ed  to  find  a  fine  looking  young  soldier  in  the 
guard  house.  She  asked  him  why  he  was  there, 
and  at  first  he  refused  to  say,  but  when  she  per¬ 
sisted,  he  told  her  the  story: 

“I  had  me  a  good  job;  I  had  me  a  car;  and 
I  had  me  a  girl.  Then  along  came  the  war,  and 
I  was  drafted,  and  given  the  number  178.  After 
a  while  they  took  me  into  this  man’s  army  and 
gave  me  a  pair  of  pants  that  were  too  long, 
shoes  that  were  too  short,  a  bed  that  was  too 
hard.  They  marched  me  around  eight  hours  a 
day  for  six  days  a  week,  and  then  on  Sunday 
they  marched  me  five  miles  to  church.  I  didn’t 
like  the  church;  I  didn’t  like  the  looks  of  the 
minister;  and  I  didn’t  agree  with  his  sermon. 

“Then  he  opened  a  book  and  called  out 
‘Number  178’,  and  said: 

‘Art  thou  weary,  art  thou  languid,  art  thou 
sore  distressed?’ 

“And,  lady,  that’s  my  number,  and  I  answer¬ 
ed  him — and  here  I  am.” 


AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  Volume  139,  No.  26.  SUBSCRIPTION  PRICE,  $.50  a  Year,  $1.00  for  2  Years,  $2.00  for  4  Years.  $3.00  for  6  Years,  payable  m  advance.  Published  every  other 
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Eastman,  President  and  Editor:  E.  C.  Weatherby,  Secretary  and  Circulation  Manager:  I  W.  Ingalls,  Advertising  Manager;  Hugh  L.  Cosline,  Associate  editor :  Fred  W  Ohm,  Production  Manager , 
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Ai  terican  Agriculturist,  December  19,  1942 


5  (667) 


WAYS  TO 

fCe&p,  Wci/im 


B IJ  ROMEY1V  BERRY 


1  SPENT  a  good  part  of  last  Sunday 
afternoon  out  in  our  woodlot.  I 
saw  gray  squirrels,  a  rabbit  or 
two,  and  a  pheasant;  and  on  the 
light  snow  that  no  more  than  sugared 
the  dry  leaves,  I  saw  the  tracks  of  a 
coon  and  the  little  marks  of  field  mice. 
But  I  saw  wood  there,  also  —  enough 
to  remove  all  fear  of  fuel  famine 
through  the  winter  that  is  creeping  in 
upon  us,  whatever  may  develop  in  the 
threatened  shortages  of  coal  and  oil. 
There’s  enough  for  us  and  for  the 
neighbors  too. 

It’s  mostly  oak  and  beech  and  hard 
maple,  sprinkled  lightly  here  and  there 
with  butternut  and  ash.  We’ve  cut 
lavishly  from  it  in  the  last  six  years, 
but  are  assured  by  forest  people  that 
the  wood  has  been  growing  faster  than 
we’ve  been  consuming  it  and  that 
there’s  more  wood  out  there  now  than 
there  was  when  we  started  cutting. 
In  this  respect  a  farm  woodlot  differs 
as  a  source  of  fuel  from  a  coal  mine 
or  an  oil  well. 

Commonly  on  our  farm  we  burn  coal 
in  the  furnace  once  the  season  settles 
down  to  hard,  steady  cold  —  from  De¬ 
cember  to  mid-March.  We  burn  kero¬ 
sene  in  the  kitchen  through  the  hot 
months  of  the  summer.  The  rest  of 
the  year,  it’s  stove  wood  in  the  kitchen 
range  and  wood  chunks  in  the  furnace 
in  the  chilly  days  of  spring  and  fall. 

We  bum  coal  and  kerosene  at  the 
times  and  in  the  manner  mentioned  be¬ 
cause  that’s  the  easiest  thing  to  do  — 
not  because  we  have  to.  If  we  were 
put  to  it  of  necessity,  I’m  quite  sure 
we  could  get  along  on  wood  alone  the 
whole  year  through.  That’s  a  com¬ 
forting  thought  in  an  anxious  year. 

If  burning  wood  won’t  keep  the 
family  warm  enough,  the  steady  job 
of  getting  out  one’s  own  fuel,  sawing 
it  up,  and  lugging  it  in  can  be  relied 
upon,  I’m  pretty  sure,  to  keep  them 
in  a  constant  glow — not  to  say  a  steady 
sweat — at  10  below.  If  burning  wood 
won’t  keep  you  warm  this  winter,  try 
sawing  it! , 

What’s  really  troubling  the  civilian 
mind  at  the  moment  is  fear  of  the  un¬ 
accustomed;  doubt  in  the  individual  as 
to  his  own  resourcefulness.  There  has 
been  no  deprivation  yet.  When  de¬ 
privation  comes,  as  it  seems  bound  to 
in  some  small  degree,  all  fear  will  van¬ 
ish,  and  Americans  will  make  a  joke 
of  their  own  inconsiderable  hardships 
— a  boast  of  their  small  contrivings  to 
meet  unaccustomed  situations.  They 
always  have. 

About  the  worst  hardship  the  farm¬ 
er  in  this  part  of  the  country  must 
contemplate  this  winter,  as  I  see  it,  is 
going  back  to  some  of  the  common 
practices  of  his  boyhood.  Any  man  or 
woman  past  50  knows  what  those  prac¬ 
tices  were  and  will  not  too  greatly 
dread  reverting  to  them  temporarily. 
The  trouble  is  going  to  come  from  the 
young  fry  who  have  small  acquaint¬ 
ance  with  freezing  temperatures  in¬ 
doors;  who  have  developed  a  sense  of 
repugnance  to  foundation  garments 
made  of  wool  that  go  all  the  way  down 
to  the  shoetops. 

Science  and  industry  have  combined 
in  recent  years  to  make  houses — even 
farm  houses — habitable  in  winter;  to 
make  feasible  the  year  around  lingerie 
designed  for  dainties  and  lacking  in 
utilities.  The  temporary  loss  of  these 
comforts  will  be  disagreeable  but  not 


fatal.  Young  folks  will  survive  their 
humiliation  and  will  discover  some  im¬ 
portant  truths  heretofore  revealed  only 
to  their  elders.  They  will  discover  that 
science  and  industry  have  never  devis¬ 
ed  any  scheme  for  keeping  warm  in 
winter  quite  so  cheap  and  efficient  as 
two  pairs  of  long,  red  drawers  with¬ 
out;  two  helpings  of  sausages  and 
buckwheat  cakes  within.  In  these  you 
have  combined  your  outside  insulation 
against  cold  and  your  inside  central 
heating  system,  so  designed  that  you 
can  carry  both  around  with  you  where- 
ever  you  go. 

No  one  from  choice,  of  course,  would 
go  back  to  old  days  after  years  of 
having  the  coal  truck  or  the  oil  tank 
back  up  to  his  cellar  window  to  de¬ 
liver  his  fuel  in  compact,  convenient 
form.  But  going  back  isn’t  enough  to 
justify  complaints  in  anyone  who  has 
a  woodlot,  a  push-and-pull  saw,  and  old 
skills  in  the  use  of  both  to  insure  his 
own  comfort. 

But  what  is  the  farmer  going  to  do 
who  has  put  in  a  heater  that  burns  oil 
or  coal,  when  he  can’t  get  either  — 
can’t  get  them  at  least  in  quantities 
that  he  regards  as  sufficient?  And  I 
reply  that  he  will  (do  just  as  he  used 
to  do,  and  will  be  better  for  doing  it. 
He  can  bank  up  the  house  again.  He 
can  revert  to  the  woodlot  as  his  source 
of  fuel.  He  can  lock  his  upstairs  and 
concentrate  his  little  heat  downstairs. 
Once  again  he  can  turn  the  warm 
kitchen  into  the  family  parlor,  com¬ 
plete  with  radio,  books,  rocking  chairs 
and  the  children’s  study  table. 

There’ll  be  some  slight  loss  in  ease 
and  comfort,  but  with  the  loss  will 
come  compensation.  Perhaps  break¬ 


fast  will  once  more  be  breakfast  when 
it  is  again  called  upon  to  heat  and 
power  the  body  instead  of  merely  pro¬ 
viding  minerals  and  vitamins;  when 
you  can  smell  it  as  you  come  in  from 
the  barn  on  the  crunching  snow  and 
rejoice  in  the  mingled  fragrance  of 
wood  smoke  and  cooking  bacon. 

It’s  wartime  now,  and  farmers  may 
have  to  keep  themselves  warm  in  any 
way  they  can  without  much  help  from 
coal  mines,  oil  wells  and  railroads. 
But,  bless  your  heart,  they’ll  get  along 
— at  least  the  old,  hairy  ones,  who  in 
their  younger  days  have  known  woodlot 
sorrow  and  been  acquainted  with  buck¬ 
saw  grief,  will  get  along.  The  young, 
plump  and  pink  ones  may  have  a  hor¬ 
rid  induction  into  old  ways,  but  they’ll 
soon  catch  on. 

There  are  so  many  ways  of  keeping 
warm  in  winter  other  than  by  opening 
drafts  and  throwing  coal  into  a  fur¬ 
nace!  Our  predecessors  knew  them, 
and  we’ll  learn  them.  And  not  the 


least  successful  way  is  to  put  on  two 
pair  of  long,  red  drawers  (not  one) 
instantly  upon  arising,  and  make  a 
point  of  always  edging  up,  when  bam 
chores  are  accomplished,  to  a  kitchen 
table  bountifully  set  forth  with  a  gol¬ 
den  mountain  of  steaming  buckwheat 
cakes  drooling  maple  syrup  and  leak¬ 
ing  melted  butter,  streams  of  which 
flow  down  to  join  the  savory  sausages 
and  the  fragrant  sausage  gravy  that 
embrace  and  festoon  the  foot  of  the 
mountain. 

That  breakfast  ought  to  take  you 
through  to  dinner,  where  spare-ribs 
and  mince  pie  will  be  waiting  to  take 
over  the  task  of  getting  you  through 
the  afternoon.  But  any  time  the 
morning  repast  shows  signs  of  peter¬ 
ing  out  before  dinner,  two  hours  on 
one  end  of  a  push-and-pull  saw  in  the 
woodlot  will  do  the  business.  Such 
methods  of  keeping  warm  in  a  wartime 
winter  may  be  relied  upon  with  con¬ 
fidence.  They’ve  been  time-tested. 


GROWING  UP  IN  THE 
HORSE  AND  RUGGY  DAYS 

—  True  Stories  By  Our  Readers  — 


JT}  1 


<*>  /  & 


THE  COUNTRY  DOCTOR 

MRS.  MARY  J.  PILLMORE, 

R.  3,  Lake  Delta,  Rome,  N.  Y. 

( Number  Eleven ) 

THE  HORSE  and  Buggy  age  was 
the  happiest  of  my  whole  life.  My 
childhood  wac  spent  on  the  Spring 
Brook  dairy  farm  on  Turin  Road,  two 
miles  north  of  Rome,  N.  Y.  My  Dad, 
Alfred  Utley,  was  one  of  the  best  of 
farmers.  He  well  knew  how  to  raise 
crops,  and  he  put  in  his  own  wheat  for 
our  flour.  I  shall  never  forget  the  frag¬ 
rant  odor  which  permeated  our  large 
sunny  kitchen  when  my  dear  mother 
was  baking  the  bread.  How  good  it  was! 

I  used  to  rake  the  hay  with  my  old 
pet  horse,  “Old  Bill.”  It  was  a  wheel 
rake,  and  I  remember  how  when  I  was 
just  a  little  girl,  I  had  to  jump  down 
and  touch  the  lever  with  my  foot  to 
dump  the  hay. 

Father  had  a  large  dairy  on  our 


eJSong  of  the  Lazy 

I  THINK  that  winter-time 
is  best,  I’ll  take  it  over  all 
the  rest;  it  always  boosts  my 
spirits  high  to  see  the  snow 
begin  to  fly.  When  merc’ry 
drops  to  five  above,  those 
are  the  days  I  really  love; 
there  isn’t  nothin’  can  com¬ 
pare  with  lungfuls  of  Decem¬ 
ber  air.  With  mittens  on  and 
covered  ears  my  biggest 
trouble  disappears,  it  sure¬ 
ly  does  give  me  a  lift  to  plow 
my  way  right  thru  a  drift. 
And  after  I’ve  tramped 
’round  a  while,  Mirandy  sure 
can  make  me  smile  by  pourin’ 
out  a  cup  of  tea  to  warm  my 
innards  up,  by  gee.  My  poor 
old  neighbor  may  complain 
’bout  snowdrifts  fillin’  up  his 
lane,  he  has  a  mighty  funny 
quirk,  he  thinks  that  he 
should  always  work. 

But  that’s  exactly  why  I 
say  there’s  nothin’  like  a  win¬ 
ter  day,  I’d  say  we  get 
enough  of  toil  when  tempera¬ 
ture  is  at  a  boil.  In  winter  you’re  not  apt  to  sweat  until  your  shirt  is  soak¬ 
in’  wet,  and  after  frost  is  in  the  ground  there  won’t  be  any  dust  around. 
The  thistles  and  the  cockleburs  are  gone  before  we  don  our  furs,  and  I 
will  never  moan  the  lack  of  barley  beards  upon  my  back.  In  winter  I  can 
stay  inside  and  do  not  always  have  to  hide  when  Jane  Mirandy  starts  to 
wield  a  club  ’cause  I  ain’t  in  the  field.  In  summer  time  I  have  to  work  but 
now  it’s  all  right  if  I  shirk,  the  hired  man  can  do  the  chores  and  never 
interrupt  my  snores.  If  neighbor  wants  to  work  all  year  he  doesn’t  need 
to  stick  ’round  here;  he  can  go  down  to  Mexico  where  farmers  don’t  have 
cold  or  snow.  Merry  Christmas,  Everybody! 


150-acre  farm.  I  went  with  him  each 
morning  to  draw  the  milk  to  the  first 
cheese  factory  (Williams  factory)  in 
the  United  States,  located  at  Hylands 
Mills. 

In  1889,  I  married  Dr.  Johnson  Pill- 
more,  of  Delta,  N.  Y.,  (the  town  that 
is  now  a  lake).  It  was  my  husband 
who  gave  me  “Nellie”,  a  little  stocky 
brown  mare,  beloved  by  us  and  the 
whole  community.  After  a  while,  it 
became  Nellie’s  duty  to  take  my  hus¬ 
band  on  his  round  of  calls.  Together 
they  traveled,  summer  and  winter, 
visiting  the  sick.  The  highways  were 
all  dirt  roads  then,  some  good  but  more 
often  rough. 

When  winter  came,  Dr.  was  often 
called  far  over  the  hills,  for  he  had 
an  extensive  practice.  He  would  drive 
Nellie  as  far  as  she  could  travel;  then 
he  would  stamp  a  place  in  the  deep 
snow  for  her  to  stand  in,  cover  her  up 
with  all  the  robes  and  blankets,  and 
tell  her  to  wait  for  him.  Putting  on 
his  snow  shoes,  he  would  then  walk, 
with  his  medicine  case  in  his  hand,  up 
the  long  drifted  hill  to  visit  some  dear 
soul  who  perhaps  was  close  to  the 
other  world. 

I  have  never  known  so  intelligent  an 
animal  .as  Nellie  was.  Dr.  would  al¬ 
ways  find  her  just  as  he  left  her,  and 
she  would  call  to  him  from  far  down 
the  hill  before  he  could  see  her. 

I  shall  never  forget  one  winter.  Just 
around  Christmas  time,  the  snow  came 
heavy  and  deep,  fences  were  lost,  and 
we  had  very  cold  weather  that  continu¬ 
ed  from  day  to  day.  Dr.  and  Nellie 
were  called  out  many  long  miles  to 
visit  the  sick.  Coming  home  one  day, 
they  were  caught  in  a  blizzard.  One 
could  not  see  an  inch  ahead.  The  snow 
was  like  flour,  and  blew  in  from  every 
side. 

Bitterly  cold,  Dr.  wound  the  reins 
about  the  whip,  told  Nellie  to  “go 
home”,  then  snuggled  down  in  his 
heavy  fur  coat,  with  his  face  covered. 
Nellie  brought  him  safely  home,  call¬ 
ing  to  me  at  the  bam  door  when  they 
arrived.  I  rushed  out  and  opened  the 
door.  She  came  in  tremblingly.  After 
I  had  cared  for  my  husband,  I  ran  out 
to  Nellie,  to  the  most  frightened  pony 
in  the  world.  Her  large  beautiful  eyes, 
so  expressive,  were  now  wild-eyed  with 
ice  frozen  on  them.  Her  fur  was 
frozen  stiff,  every  hair  standing.  I  had 
to  take  warm  water  and  hot  blankets 
to  melt  the  ice  frozen  all  over  her. 
Never  was  a  pony  cared  for  better  than 
she  was  at  that  terrible  time.  She 
was  given  a  hot  bran  mash,  a  thorough 
rubbing  down,  and  bedded  down  in  nice 
clean  straw  above  her  knees. 

( Continued  on  Page  21) 


(668)  6 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  19,  1942 


quart 


'NSfCT/C»Pf 


UlSBUHY'S 


The  /*****«■ 

BROODER  house 

WSiHFEeTA® 


SANITATION  COMES  FIRST  1:1  poultry  health; 
it  pays  to  clean  and  disinfect  brooder  houses 
thoroughly  before  housing  chicks — to  keep  laying 
houses  free  of  germs,  lice,  mites.  But  be  sure  you 
kill  all  the  germs  and  bugs. 

DR.  SALSBURY'S  PAR-O-SAN  KILLS: 

PULLORUM,  other  germs  that  cause  bowel 
troubles;  COLD  ORGANISMS  that  cause  colds, 
brooder  pneumonia;  STREPTOCOCCI;  even  kills 
FOWL  POX,  LARYNGOTRACHEITIS  viruses;  kills 
mites,  lice;  even  stops  development  of  coccidia, 
molds,  roundworm  eggs,  tapeworm  segments,  on 
contact.  Used  diluted,  costs  as  little  as  6  Vic  a 
gallon. 


Won’t  harm  chicks  or  older  birds. 
No  delay.  You  can  house  chicks 
same  day  you  disinfect  with  Par-O- 
San.  No  stain.  Use  to  disinfect 
waterers,  feeders,  hover  and  litter. 


Each  time  you  disinfect  with  Par- 
O-San,  you  know  you’ve  done  a 
thorough  job ;  easy  application  en¬ 
ables  you  to  disinfect  frequently, 
to  keep  houses  and  pens  sanitary. 


Get  gen¬ 
ii  i  n  e  Dr. 

S  al  sbu  ry’s 
Par- O- San 
and  other 
Dr.  Salsbury  medicines  at  hatch¬ 
eries,  druggists,  feed,  produce  deal¬ 
ers  who  display  this  sign.  Our  serv¬ 
ice  enables  them  to  give  you  sound 
poultry  health  advice. 


Par-O-San  is  powerful,  yet  pleas¬ 
ant  to  use.  Clean,  pleasant  odor 
eliminates  “disinfecting  headaches.” 
Non-caustic;  used  as  directed  it 
won’t  burn  or  irritate  the  worker. 


Dr.  Salsbury's  Laboratories 

Charles  City,  Iowa 

A  Nation-wide  Poultry  Health 
Service 


COLDS  AND  ROUP  hold  back 
egg  production.  When  an  inhalant 
is  needed,  use  Dr.  Salsbury’s  Can- 
Pho-Sal.  Helps  dislodge  mucous. 


BE  SU 
TO  GET 


Dr.  Salsbury's 


PAR-O-SAN 

POWERFUL,  All-Purpose  DISINFECTANT  WITH  THE  Pleasant  ODOR 


Alfred  D.  Barber,  R-l,  Sanborn,  N.  Y.  |  Say  you  saw  it  in  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


The  Farm  Station 
of  New  England 

WK 

LISTEN 

to  your  kind  of  programs 
at  1290  on  your  radio 


“When  Hens  Fail 
to  Lay. .  .**  By  b.  s.  Wean* 


WHEN  HENS  fail  to  lay  as  well  as 
they  should,  and  particularly  if 
death  overtakes  a  few  of  them  every 
week,  it  is  commonly  assumed  that 
some  contagious  disease  or  diseases 
are  present.  Naturally  the  poultry 
disease  specialist  is  consulted.  Dr.  E. 
L.  Brunett  of  the  New  York  State  Vet¬ 
erinary  College  has  been  a  student  of 
poultry  diseases  for  years;  thousands 
of  sick  birds  have  been  sent  to  his 
laboratory  for  autopsy.  He  has  visit¬ 
ed  hundreds  of  flocks  where  “some¬ 
thing  was  wrong.”  Not  long  ago  he 
made  a  pronouncement  that  left  me 
without  much  to  say.  It  was  rather  a 
bombshell  and  went  something  like 
this: 

“This  problem  of  high  mortality  in 
poultry  flocks  is  not  all  a  question  of 
contagious  disease.  It  is  as  much  a 
matter  of  poor  management,  or  more 
so.  It  is  the  problem  of  you  fellows  in 
the  Poultry  Department  as  much  as  it 
is  our  problem.  You  haven’t  taught 
people  how  to  take  care  of  their  birds, 
at  least  they  are  not  doing  it.  They 
crowd  them  in  the  brooders.  They 
crowd  them  in  the  laying  pens.  They 
let  the  floors  get  damp  and  filthy. 
They  let  the  young  stock  run  around 
the  fartn  and  the  hen  houses  and  pick 
up  everything  the  old  stock  can  give 
them.  They  let  mites  multiply  and  live 
off  the  birds  all  summer.  They  don’t 
ventilate  their  houses.  Every  Tom, 
Dick  and  Harry  can  go  through  the 
houses  and  yards  and  maybe  bring  in 
infection.  They  dop’t  even  do  a  good 
job  of  feeding.  Chicks  pick  mash  off 
filthy  floors.  They  drink  from  mud 
holes  and  drains.  How  can  you  help 
people  like  that?  If  there  was  no  con¬ 
tagious  disease  on  the  place  there 
would  still  have  to  be  deaths  and  low 
production.  When  people  quit  fool¬ 
ing  around,  doing  a  half-way  job,  and 
really  get  down  to  making  a  business 
of  giving  their  birds  a  chance  they  will 
go  a  long  way  toward  solving  their 
mortality  problems.  But  they  won’t 
do  it.  I  know  them.  They  want  to 
sit  in  the  house  and  read  the  paper, 
and  have  the  veterinary  college  fix  up 
some  pills  to  cure  their  birds.  They 
will  never  get  away  from  their  troubles 
until  they  do  a  better  job  of  manage¬ 
ment.” 

All  I  can  add  is  that  Dr.  Brunett 
said  what  I  have  often  thought.  For¬ 
tunately  these  charges  do  not  apply  to 
all  northeastern  poultrymen.  There 
are  plenty  of  them  who  are  doing 
splendid  jobs  of  managing  their  flocks. 
They  are  the  ones  who  make  the  poul¬ 
try  industry  the  leader  that  it  is. 

*  *  * 

Using'  Feed  for  Egg's 

The  final  report  of  the  California  egg 
laying  test  for  the  year  just  ended 
contains  some  items  of  interest  to  all 
poultrymen.  In  this  test  the  winning 
pen  is  the  one  that  shows  the  great¬ 
est  net  returns.  Each  pen  is  credited 
with  eggs  laid  according  to  their  mar¬ 
ket  value  and  also  with  gain  in  weight 
figured  on  the  meat  value.  Charged 
against  the  pen  is  the  cost  of  feed. 
In  spite  of  the  fact  that  no  lights  are 
used  in  this  laying  test  the  average 
production  of  eggs  per  bird  was  the 
highest  of  any  test  in  the  country.  For 
the  51  week  period  the  average  pro¬ 
duction  per  bird  was  213.7  eggs.  Mor¬ 
tality  included  all  birds  that  were  re¬ 
moved  for  any  cause,  and  amounted  to 
the  extremely  low  figure  of  16.7  per 
cent.  Our  own  Western  and  Central 
New  York  laying  tests  use  no  lights, 
and  in  them  also  mortality  was  very 
low.  This  is  the  second  year  that  New 
York  and  California  laying  tests  have 
set  the  record  for  low  mortality  among 


all  laying  tests.  Since  these  are  the 
only  tests  that  do  not  use  lights  it  al¬ 
most  looks  as  though  there  may  be 
some  relationship  between  low  mortal¬ 
ity  and  the  absence  of  artificial  illumi¬ 
nation. 

Leghorns  showed  slightly  higher 
mortality  than  heavy  breeds,  which 
agrees  with  a  recent  survey  of  poultry 
farms  in  this  state.  In  spite  of  that, 
however,  Leghorns  as  a  group  exceeded 
the  heavy  breeds  in  net  income.  The 
margin  of  egg  income  over  cost  of 
feed  was  8  cents  per  hen  more  for  leg¬ 
horns  than  for  heavy  breeds.  It  was 
16  cents  per  hen  more  when  gain  in 
body  weight  was  included.  The  heavy 
breeds  actually  laid  more  than  the  Leg¬ 
horns  by  4  eggs  per  hen,  but  they  ate 
a  half  pound  more  feed  for  each  dozen 
of  eggs  laid,  and  that  reduced  the 
profit.  Feed  consumption  per  dozen 
eggs  laid  was  5.09  pounds  for  the  Leg¬ 
horns  and  5.55  pounds  for  the  heavy 
breeds. 

Feed  consumption  was  high  —  29 
pounds  per  day  for  each  100  hens.  The 
restricted  grain  system  of  feeding  was 
used,  and  apparently  was  applied  to  the 
limit.  Of  every  100  pounds  of  feed 
consumed,  60.4  pounds  was  mash  and 
only  34.9  pounds  was  grain.  Shell  and 
grit  made  up  the  balance.  No  fall  or 
winter  slump  in  egg  production  occur¬ 
red.  The  pens  that  ate  the  most  feed 
laid  the  most  eggs  and  made  the  most 
profit. 

*  *  # 

Amount  of  Feed  is  More 
Important  Than  Method 
of  Feeding’ 

The  argument  continues  among  poul¬ 
try  professors  as  well  as  among  poul- 
trykeepers  as  to  the  merits  of  free 
choice  feeding  of  grain,  or  of  holding 
back  the  grain  during  part  of  each 
day  in  order  to  get  the  hens  to  eat 
more  mash.  One  side  points  to  the 
great  production  records  made  at  the 
Massachusetts  Experiment  Station 
with  free  choice  feeding;  to  an  increas¬ 
ing  number  of  commercial  men  who 
have  tried  out  this  system  and  then 
adopted  it,  and  particularly  to  its  sim¬ 
plicity  which  makes  it  ideal  for  those 
who  are  young  or  inexperienced. 

Others  point  to  the  fact  that  laying 
tests  with  highest  production  records 
use  the  controlled  grain  system  and 
show  an  intake  of  mash  greatly  in  ex¬ 
cess  of  grain;  to  the  fact  that  some 
poultrymen  and  a  state  college,  having 
tiled  out  the  free  choice  system,  have 
rejected  it.  They  agree  that  free 
choice  feeding  has  given  excellent  re¬ 
sults  in  numerous  instances,  but  sug¬ 
gest  that  in  the  same  instances  the 
controlled  grain  system  probably  would 
(Continued  on  Page  8) 


“ Don’t  try  to  lift  that  heavy 
ladder,  Junior.  Get  your  lazy 
father  to  help  you!" 


It’s  Food  that  Turns  the  Wheels  of  War 

Keep  your  Farm  in  the  Fight! 


The  biggest  job  a  farmer  ever 

had  is  right  smack  ahead  of  you. 


Farm  help  will  be  scarce  and 
inexperienced. 


Replacements  are  almost 
impossible  to  get. 


The  war  calls  for  bigger  yields 
of  better  crops. 


Farm  equipment  is 

more  important  than  ever. 


One  breakdown  can  lose  a  crop! 


Wear  steals  power.  It  wastes  precious  time 
in  breakdowns.  It  gnaws  at  tractor  bearings. 
Chews  at  truck  pistons.  Scratches  and  weakens 
machinery.  Fight  it! 

Start  today  to  put  farm  tractors,  trucks  and 
equipment  into  shape  for  hard  work — and  no 
breakdowns!  Do  what  farmers  all  over  the 
country  are  doing.  Settle  on  a  tough,  tireless 
oil  that  gives  maximum  protection  a'gainst 
heat  and  wear.  Settle  on  Veedol— the  150-hour 
tractor  oil! 

Like  any  pure-bred— Veedol  Oil  is  better  to 
begin  with.  It’s  out  of  Bradford-Pennsylvania, 


by  Tide  Water  Associated.  It  has  the  stam¬ 
ina  of  the  toughest,  most  rugged  crude  in 
the  world.  SAVES  FUEL  by  reducing  power 
blow-by.  SAVES  TIME  by  avoiding  break¬ 
down  delays.  SAVES  REPAIRS  through  greater 
heat-and-wear  resistance.  SAVES  OIL — good 
for  150  hours  between  changes  in  gasoline- 
engined  tractors;  cuts  down  oil  consumption 
in  all  tractors  regardless  of  fuel  used.  SAVES 
TRACTORS— assures  long,  economical  service. 

This  year— of  all  years — choose  oil  that 
won’t  let  you  down  in  a  pinch.  Taken  tip  from 
John  Donkers,  tractor  farmer  in  Faribault, 


Minnesota.  He  writes:  “Sure,  I’ve  tried  other 
tractor  oils.  But  Veedol  out-works  and  out¬ 
lasts  them  all.” 

IMPORTANT 

Your  farm  implement  dealer  is  eager  to  help  keep 
your  machinery  in  first-class  condition.  Don’t 
hesitate  to  enlist  his  expert  assistance. 

Tide  Water  Associated  Products  help  you  — and 
your  dealer.  A  complete  line  of  Tydol  Flying  A 
Gasolines  and  Veedol  Oils  and  Greases  is  avail¬ 
able  to  satisfy  the  needs  of  all  your  equipment. 


TIDE  WATER  ASSOCIATED  OIL  COMPANY 
New  York  Tulsa  San  Francisco 


100%  PENNSYLVANIA . .  ."A  BETTER  TRACTOR  OIL  BY  THE  CLOCK” 


150-HOUR  VEEDOL 

OIL  IS  AMMUNITION  ...  USE  IT  WISELY 


BUY 

WAR 

BONDS 


wwnit**.-  ‘ '  • 


TV- 


(670)  S 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  19,  1942 


Blueblood 
of  Chickdom! 


bons  in  the  family— prizes  for  high 
egg  production.  It’s  in  the  blood, 
and  blood  will  tell! 

Kerr  breeders  are  carefully  se¬ 
lected  for  health,  early  maturity, 
high  egg  production— blood-tested 
for  Pullorum  (B.W.D.)  by  the 
slow-tube  agglutination  method  on 
the  240-acre  Kerr  Breeding  Farm. 
Stock  your  farm  exclusively  with 
Kerr  Chicks,  for  heavy  layers, 
meaty  broilers,  more  profits. 

Co-operating  with  the  national 
farm  program,  Kerr  is  producing 
more  chicks  than  ever  before  — at 
no  sacrifice  of  the  quality  poultry- 
men  have  identified 
with  Kerr  for  35  years. 

Write  or  call  for  Poultry 
Raisers'  Guide ,  price  list 
and  advance  order  discount 
offer.  Branches  in: 

N.  J.:  Jamesburg,  Paterson,  Woodbury; 
N.  Y.:  Binghamton,  Bayport,  L.  I.,  East 
Syracuse.  Kingston,  Middletown,  Sche¬ 
nectady;  PENNA.:  Dunmore,  Lancaster, 
Belleville;  MASS.:  West  Springfield; 
CONN.:  Danbury.  (Address  Dept.  21.  ) 

KERR  CHICKERIES 

21  RAILROAD  AVE.,  FRENCHTOWN,  N.  J. 


WfflTK/feOCK 

BABY  t  f  l|  KB 

■  CHICKS.,..  100 

■  All  Eggs  used  are  from  My  Own  Breeders. 

■  100%  State  Tested  (BWD  free).  Tube 
Agglut  TOLMAN’S  ROCKS  famous  for 
RAPID  GROWTH,  EARLY  MATURITY, 

■  Profitable  EGG  YIELD.  Ideal  combination 
bird  for  broilers,  roasters  or  market  eggs. 
am  Send  for  FREE  Circular. 


JOSEPH 


TOLMAH 


I  SPECIALIZE  ONE  BREED,  ONE 
GRADE  at  ONE  PRICE. 

Dept.  B. 

ROCKLAND 

MASS. 


ILEMINT5 

HICKSH 


BROS. 

FARMS 


Cl 

k||PHC  MORE EGGSl 

Ing  B  CL*  Brtk  3  AND  POUL-I 

BSIUBM  trymeatI 

needed.  Clements  Chicks  are  I 
heavy  layers,  also  goad  meat! 
birds.  Cash  in  on  the  heavy  demand  by| 
putting  in  some  extra  Clements’  Chicks, 
and  Barred  Rocks,  and  the  sensational  Clem-Cross  sex- 
linked  pullets.  Maine-U.S.  Pullorum  Clean.  Write  to¬ 
day  for  catalog — tells  about  our  co-operative  savings  Plan. 

CLEMENTS  BROS.  FARMS 
Box  24  Winterport,  Maine 


Reds,  White 


LIVE- PAY 
CHICKS 


Hatches  Mon. -Tries. -Wed. -Thurs.  Order  from  ad  or 
write  for  actual  photo  Cat.  ORDER  IN  ADVANCE. 

Cash  or  C.O.D.  Non-Sexed  Pullets  Cockerels 

Hanson  or  Large  Type  per  100  per  100  per  100 

English  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns _ $10.00  $17.00  $5.00 

Black  or  White  Minorcas _  10.00  17.00  5.00 

B. &W.  Box,  R.  I.  Reds,  W.  Wy.  11.00  13.00  11.00 

Red-Rock  or  Rock-Red  Cross _ 11.00  13.00  11.00 

N.  HAMP.  REDS  (AAASUP.)_  14.00  18.00  12.00 

H.  Mix  $10;  HEAVY  BROILER  CHIX,  no  sex  guar.. 
$9.50;  Breeders  Blood-Tested  for  B.W.D. ,  100%  live 
del.  Post  Pd.  AMER.  SEXORS  ONLY,  95%  Accuracy. 

C.  P.  LEISTER  HATCHERY,  Box  A,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


0 


CLEAR  SPRING  CHICKS 


^ - 

95%  Guar.  Pullets 
100%  live  del. 

Large  Type  Hanson  Sired  Leg’ns. _ 

Large  Type  Leghorns _ 

Bar.  Rocks  &  R.  I.  Reds _ 

W.  Rox,  N.  H.  Reds,  Red -Rock  Cr. 

Heavy  Mixed  - 

Get  your  orders  in  for  January 


Str. 

Pult's 

Cfels. 

100 

100 

100 

$11.00 

$18.00 

$6.00 

.  10.00 

17.00 

6.00 

11.00 

13.00 

11.00 

12.00 

14.00 

12.00 

10.00 

10.00 

and  Februa ry . 


All  Breeders  Blrxxl  Tested.  Postpaid.  1943  Catalog  FREE 

CLEAR  SPRING  HATCHERY, 

F.  B.  LEISTER,  Owner,  Box  51,  McAlisterville,  Pa. 


MOHAWK  BABY  CHICKS  are  hatched  from  Pullorum 
clean  flocks.  Leading  breeds.  Early  Discount.  Catalogfree. 
MOHAWK  CHICK  HATCHERY,  Schenectady.  N.  Y. 


"WHEN  HENS 
FAIL  TO  LAY  ..." 

( Continued  from  Page  6) 
have  given  better  returns. 

Now  comes  a  report  from  the  Penn¬ 
sylvania  Station  that  should  help  to 
clear  the  situation  somewhat.  It  is 
doubtful  if  it  will  put  an  end  to  the 
arguments,  we  humans  being  as  we 
are  and  the  Gestapo  not  yet  in  control 
here.  In  all  tests  laying  mash  was 
available  to  the  hens  at  all  times.  In 
1936-37  Leghorn  pens  were  fed  as  fol¬ 
lows:  free  choice  of  a  grain  mixture, 
free  choice  of  com,  wheat  and  oats 
separately,  (2  pens),  grain  mixture  re¬ 
stricted  to  equal  mash  consumption 
and  fed  in  troughs,  grain  mixture  fed 
at  discretion  of  caretaker  in  troughs 
(2  pens),  grain  mixture  fed  in  litter  at 
discretion  of  caretaker.  In  1937-38 
Barred  Plymouth  Rocks  were  used 
with  duplicate  pens  in  each  method. 
Added  was  a  pen  fed  free  choice  of 
grain  with  a  special  31.5  per  cent 
mash.  In  1938-39  again  using  Barred 
Plymouth  Rocks  litter  fed  pens  were 
omitted  and  pens  substituted  in  which 
a  grain  mixture  was  fed  free  choice 
along  with  oats.  One  could  scarcely 
hope  for  a  greater  variety  of  proced¬ 
ures  or  more  extended  tests. 

Here  are  a  few  of  the  more  sig¬ 
nificant  statements,  as  I  see  them,  in 
the  author’s  conclusions: 

“Measured  by  annual  egg  production, 
egg  weight,  layer  weight,  flock  mortal¬ 
ity,  and  hatchability  every  procedure 
was  satisfactory. 

“It  would  seem  that  much  of  the 
concern  about  feeding  procedures 
might  be  transferred  to  other  manage¬ 
ment  problems. 

“Feeding  at  least  part  of  the  grain 
in  litter  helps  to  keep  the  litter  in  bet¬ 
ter  condition  than  feeding  all  grain  in 
hoppers  or  troughs. 

“There  was  a  distinct  and  very  close 


relationship  between  total  feed  intake 
and  number  of  eggs  laid.  The  main¬ 
tenance  of  high  total  feed  intake,  rath¬ 
er  than  a  certain  balance  between 
grain  and  mash  appears  to  have  been 
the  critical  factor. 

“Restricted  grain  feeding  was  not 
effective  in  the  attainment  of  superior 
productive  performance  when  compar¬ 
ed  to  free  choice  feeding. 

“Layers  fed  free  choice  grain  mix¬ 
tures  consumed  more  grain  than  birds 
fed  on  the  restricted  grain  plan.  A 
high  protein  mash  gave  results  equal 
to,  but  no  better  than  the  standard 
mash.” — L.  E.  Weaver. 

— A.  a. — 

POULTRY  SCHOOLS 

In  keeping  with  the  wartime  situa¬ 
tion,  the  College  of  Agriculture  at 
Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  will 
move  out  into  the  field  to  make  the 
program  of  a  breeding  school  more 
available  to  state  poultrymen. 

The  first  school  will  be  held  at  Al¬ 
bany  on  Tuesday,  January  5,  and  will 
be  followed  by  a  two-day  school  at  the 
Hotel  Victoria  in  New  York  City  on 
January  6  and  7.  A  number  of  well- 
known  speakers  will  be  included  in  the 
program,  and  it  is  expected  that  at¬ 
tendance  at  the  New  York  school  will 
include  many  of  the  poultrymen  from 
Connecticut  and  New  Jersey  as  well  as 
the  nearby  New  York  counties.  It  is 
expected  that  the  January  6  school  will 
begin  in  the  mid-afternoon  to  permit 
poultrymen  to  get  to  New  York.  The 
school  will  be  operated  on  a  prompt 
schedule  to  close  at  4:30  P.  M.  on 
January  7. 

The  detailed  program,  listing  speak¬ 
ers  and  subjects,  will  be  available 
shortly.  For  further  information  about 
the  schools  and  programs,  address  R. 
C.  Ogle,  Poultry  Department,  College 
of  Agriculture,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


HOW  TO  FIT  A  BUZZ  SAW 


( Continued  from  Page  3) 


inch  at  the  points  and  then  bring  them 
to  a  point  with  the  file. 

For  one  who  is  not  accustomed  to 
saw  fitting  it  is  helpful  to  chalk  the 
surface  where  the  gumming  is  to  be 
done  and  mark  out  the  teeth.  Lines  as 
in  the  pictures  are  helpful. 


Filing  the  Saw 

A  single  cut  mill  file  is  used  to  file  a 
buzz  saw,  the  size  of  file,  8,  10,  or  12 
inch  depending  on  the  size  of  teeth. 
For  most  buzz  saws,  such  as  farmers 
use  for  cutting  up  stove  wood,  the  12  in. 
size  is  best.  For  small  table  saws  the 
smaller  sizes  are  preferable. 

The  front  of  a  tooth  is  filed  first  at 


Fig.  6  —  Setting  a  buzz  saw  by  use  of  a 
heavy  bar. 


the  angle  as  on  the  template  C.  The 
file  is  then  held  as  shown  in  Figure 
4.  The  full  length  of  the  file  is  used. 
Best  results  are  obtained  in  saw  opera¬ 
tion  if  both  fronts  and  backs  of  teeth 
are  filed  on  an  angle  of  about  105  de¬ 
grees.  A  template  as  shown  at  C  in  the 
drawing  is  very  helpful  in  this  con¬ 
nection.  It  may  be  made  of  any  piece 


of  sheet  metal  or  firm  cardboard.  File  a 
bevel  at  both  front  and  back  of  the 
teeth  so  the  template  fits  when  held 
against  it.  File  the  front  of  a  tooth 
first,  filing  only  enough  to  get  the  front 
of  the  tooth  shaped  correctly  as  shown 
at  D  in  the  drawing.  Then,  file  the  back 
of  the  tooth  to  the  shape  shown  bring¬ 
ing  it  to  a  point  from  the  back.  Every 
other  tooth  is  filed  from  one  side,  then 
the  saw  is  turned  in  the  clamp  or  the 
filer  stands  on  the  other  side  of  it  and 
the  other  teeth  filed.  Note  carefully  the 
position  the  file  is  held  in  Figure  4. 

Setting  the  Saw 

A  hammer  and  anvil  set  is  the  most 
satisfactory  for  setting  a  circular  saw. 
The  setting  block  of  the  crosscut  saw 
tool  may  be  used  if  the  saw  is  off  the 
mandrel.  The  block  needs  to  be  placed 
on  a  solid  surface  such  as  a  stump  or 
the  end  of  a  chunk  of  log.  One  man 
holds  the  saw  and  another  guides  the 
saw  to  the  exact  position  on  the  ‘block 
and  strikes  the  tooth  with  a  hammer 
as  shown  in  Figure  5.  If  a  setting  block 
is  not  at  hand,  a  set  may  be  made  by 
filing  a  bevel  at  the  end  of  a  piece  of 
railroad  rail  or  other  heavy  iron.  The 
bevel  may  be  filed  on  the  iron  as  shown 
at  E  in  the  drawing,  5/16  inch  from  the 
edge  and  1/32”  clearance  or  angle. 
More  of  an  angle  may  be  filed  if  need¬ 
ed  for  wet  or  green  wood.  Two  men 
are  needed,  one  to  support  the  bar  and 
the  other  to  guide  it  in  place  and  do 
the  setting  as  shown  in  Figure  6.  The 
man  operating  the  hammer  needs  to 
observe  carefully  that  the  point  of  the 
tooth  to  be  set  is  brought  to  the  edge 
of  the  setting  anvil  so  that  the  teeth 
will  all  be  in  line  and  make  a  smooth 
cut  through  the  log.  Any  long  piece  of 
heavy  iron  may  be  used  for  this  kind 
of  a  set.  Weight  is  essential  to  success. 


3* 


HAH* 

CHICKS 


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Others  can  tell  you  their  chicks  are  the 
most  profitable,  but  this  figure  is  taken 
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BOX  59.  WALLINGFORD.  CONN. 


&  SEX-GUARANTEED  PULLETS 

More  2-to-f>-yr.-old  Hen  Breeders  mated  to  200-314 
Egg  R.O.P.  Sires  than  any  other  Eastern  plant.  R.O.P. 
male  mated  White  Leghorns,  Barred  and  White  Rocks, 
New  Hampshires,  R.  I.  Reds.  Sold  on  14-day  replace¬ 
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BIG  SAVINGS  EARLY  ORDERS,  In  Addition 

Popular  PURE  or  CROSSBREEDS.  Blood-Tested.  U.  S.  N.  J.  Approved. 
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delivery.  Write  for  FREE  CATALOG,  War-Time  Money  Saving  Plar 
and  Early  Order  discounts. 

WENE  CHICK  FARMS,  Dept.  N-4,  VINELAND,  N.J. 


^CAHLfTsYT  BABY  CHICKS 

Hatchery  Eggs  received  from  New  England’s  most  promi¬ 
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Hamps.,  Bar.  &  Wh.  Rocks.  Pullets,  Cockerels  &  Straight 
Rim.  Get  our  reasonable  prices  and  FREE  Circular. 

SEIDELTON  FARMS.  Box  A.  Washingtonville.  Pa. 

Charles  Zih,  R.  3,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

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Al  lerican  Agricultnrist,  December  19,  1942 


9  (671) 


Milk  Bargaining  Agency 
Makes  Progress 


THE  SIXTH  annual  meeting  of  the 
Metropolitan  Milk  Producers’  Bar¬ 
gaining  Agency,  held  in  Syracuse  on 
November  30  and  December  1,  was  in 
every  respect  the  best  meeting  in  the 
history  of  the  organization.  Starting 
with  the  fine  banquet  served  to  the 
delegates  and  their  friends  on  Monday 
evening,  and  ending  with  a  live  forum 
Tuesday  afternoon,  there  was  not  a 
dull  moment  in  the  whole  program. 

Both  delegates  and  speakers  gave 
earnest  attention  and  thought  to  the 
many  problems  that  confront  dairymen 
in  general  now,  and  to  the  problems  of 
the  Metropolitan  Agency  in  particular. 

Only  Solution 

At  the  banquet,  E.  R.  Eastman,  Edi¬ 
tor  of  American  Agriculturist,  told  the 
delegates  that  he  was  tired  of  hearing 
the  statement  that  farmers  cannot 
stick  together.  Said  Mr.  Eastman: 


past  year.  He  said  the  Agency  was  in 
the  red  when  he  took  over,  and  now  it 
had  a  substantial  surplus. 

Mr.  A.  D.  Hakes,  Secretary  of  the 
Bargaining  Agency,  referred  to  the  five 
fundamental  principles  which  make  the 
foundation  for  the  marketing  Orders. 
He  said  that  everybody  recognizes 
these  principles  as  sound,  but  he  made 
the  point  that  the  principles  which 
state : 

“An  equal  share  by  each  producer  in 
the  burden  of  surplus  and  the  expense  of 
controlling  it”  and  “reasonable  contribu¬ 
tions  to  those  having  surplus  facilities 
for  use  of  them  seasonably  for  market 
protection”, 

were  not  being  carried  out  in  practice, 
and  it  was  unfair  and  uneconomic  un¬ 
til  these  two  principles  had  been  made 
to  work  together  with  the  other  funda¬ 
mentals. 

• 

Mr.  C.  H.  Baldwin,  Executive  Secre¬ 
tary,  in  his  annual  report  said  that  all 


members  and  officers  had  used  their 
strength  to  drive  the  Agency  forward 
toward  new  goals,  and  that 
“while  our  number  is  not  as  great  as 
it  has  been  sometimes  in  the  past,  our 
power  for  good  was  never  greater. 

“The  Agency  ends  the  year  1942  as  a 
united  producer  organization  standing  on 
a  sound  foundation,  and  with  a  worthy 
producer  objective.  Changes  of  far-reach¬ 
ing  effect  will  continue  to  be  forced  up¬ 
on  us  as  long  as  producers  rely  upon 
government  or  other  outside  forces  to  do 
much  of  their  marketing  work  for  them.” 

Trading  Thoughts 

The  last  afternoon  of  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Bargaining  Agency  was 
given  over  to  a  well  organized  forum, 
where  subjects  particularly  hot  at  this 
time  were  discussed  by  prominent  farm 
leaders  throughout  the  Northeast.  In 
this  discussion  delegates  from  the  floor 
took  an  active  part.  Subjects  included 
price  ceilings  as  affecting  milk  market¬ 
ing.  This  discussion  was  led  by  a 
paper  written  by  E.  H.  Jones,  Commis¬ 
sioner  of  Agriculture  of  Vermont,  and 
by  Robert  LaMont,  Associate  Attorney 
of  the  Dairymen’s  League  Cooperative 
Association. 

Commissioner  H.  V.  Noyes,  of  the 
New  York  State  Department  of  Agri¬ 


culture  and  Markets,  discussed  the  fu¬ 
ture  of  milk  control  legislation. 

Herbert  Voorhees,  President  of  the 
New  Jersey  Farm  Bureau  Federation, 
who  is  President  of  Free  Farmers,  and 
Joseph  King  of  the  United  States  Em¬ 
ployment  Service  of  New  York  State, 
led  the  discussion  on  the  farm  labor 
situation,  showing  that  farmers  can’t 
raise  food  if  they  can’t  keep  their  help. 

Professor  B.  A.  Jennings  of  the  Agri¬ 
cultural  Engineering  Department  of  the 
New  York  State  College  of  Agriculture 
at  Ithaca,  forcibly  put  before  the  dele¬ 
gates  the  extremely  unsatisfactory 
situation,  from  the  farmer’s  standpoint, 
on  farm  machinery  and  repairs. 

The  discussion  was  concluded  by  Dr. 
L.  C.  Cunningham,  Professor  of  Agri¬ 
cultural  Economics  of  the  New  York 
State  College  of  Agriculture  at  Ithaca, 
whose  subject  was  “Trends  in  cow 
population  and  production  as  they  af¬ 
fect  the  New  York  market.” 

A  forum,  of  which  this  one  at  the 
Bargaining  Agency  meeting  is  a  good 
example,  is  an  excellent  way  to  present 
the  facts  and  points  of  view  of  several 
speakers  in  a  short  time,  and  give  the 
people  on  the.  floor  a  chance  to  come 
back  with  their  own  questions  and 
comments. 


“There  are  12000  farmers’  cooperatives 
and  organizations  in  the  United  States, 
to  which  belong  over  half  of  all  the  farm¬ 
ers,  and  which  do  a  third  of  all  the  farm 
business.  Almost  all  of  that  splendid 
progress  has  been  developed  in  the  last 
thirty  to  forty  years.” 

“The  trouble  with  farm  organizations,” 
said  the  speaker,  “is  that  they  are  not  ag¬ 
gressive  enough.  They  apologize  for  their 
organizations  and  their  leaders  instead 
of  standing  up  for  them.  Organizations 
and  their  officers  should  stop  quarrelling 
among  themselves,  stop  finding  fault  with 
the  other  fellow’s  cooperative,  and  should 
think  organization,  talk  organization,  and 
work  organization.  Farm  cooperation  is 
the  only  permanent  way  by  which  the 
farmer  can  solve  his  public  problems. 
Government  cannot  do  it.” 

In  his  annual  report,  Frank  E.  Sny¬ 
der,  President  of  the  Bargaining 
Agency,  reviewed  the  good  progress 
and  work  that  the  Agency  had  accom¬ 
plished,  and  said: 

“Over  and  over  again  we  must  impress 
upon  the  members  of  all  cooperatives 
that  there  is  no  magic  in  a  cooperative 
organization.  To  justify  its  existence  it 
must  render  worthwhile  service  to  its 
members,  and  can  only  render  that  serv¬ 
ice  when  cooperating  with  other  groups 
on  the  big  broad  marketing  problems  of 
the  shed.”  ? 

That  thought  by  Mr.  Snyder  needs 
emphasis.  No  single  farm  organiza¬ 
tion  or  cooperative  can  solve  the  farm¬ 
er’s  problems  any  more  than  the  in¬ 
dividual  farmer  working  alone.  But 
when  these  organizations  all  join  to¬ 
gether  on  common  problems,  like  they 
do  in  the  Bargaining  Agency,  then 
they  have  power  and  influence  enough 
to  get  things  done. 

Finances  Good 

The  treasurer  of  the  organization, 
Mr.  George  K.  Pelton,  spoke  of  the 
splendid  progress  that  had  been  made 
financially  with  the  organization  in  the 


“No  use  tilting  her ,  Martha.  She’s 

plumb  empty!” 


•-M- 


a...  >- j*:;i 


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THIS  LUCKY  CHICK 
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THIS  LITTLE  CHICK 
HAD  NONE!  .  .  . 


It  has  been  scientifically  established  that  for  a 
higher  percentage  of  strong,  healthy  chicks,  for 
more  vigorous,  economical  growth,  poultry  feeds 
must  contain  ample  quantities  of  Riboflavin.  A 
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jT  RIBOFLAVIN 
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omy.  B*Y  is  available  in  the  mixed  feeds  of  many 
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COMMERCIAL  SOLVENTS 

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Address . 


Post  Office - State. 


(672)  to 


At  Terican  Agriculturist,  December  19,  1942 


GEORGE  WILLIAM  YOUNG 


Broome  County,  New  York,  lost  one 
of  its  leading  farmers  in  the  death  of 
George  William  Young  at  the  age  of 
76.  Mr.  Young  was  the  former  Coun¬ 
ty  Supervisor,  was  a  charter  member 
of  the  Broome  County  Farm  Bureau, 
and  (with  one  exception)  has  been  a 
Farm  Bureau  member  longer  than  any 
other  farmer  in  the  country. 

Mr.  Young  served  as  Director  of  the 
State  Farm  Bureau  Federation,  was 
Past  Master  of  the  Union  Center 
Grange  and  the  Broome  County  Po¬ 
mona  Grange,  and  was  Past  Gatekeep¬ 
er  of  the  New  York  State  Grange.  He 
is  survived  by  three  sons,  H.  Stacey 
Young  of  Union  Center,  Warren  E. 
Young  of  Endicott,  and  Ralph  M. 
Young  of  Union  Center. 


“Wonderful  bread!”  was  the  verdict  of  these  judges  after  finishing  the  difficult 
task  of  picking  the  winners  from  among  the  fifty-three  loaves  entered  in  the  State 
Grange  Bread  Contest  at  Syracuse  last  week.  Left  to  right,  judges  are:  Mrs.  Ray¬ 
mond  Cooper,  Granger  of  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  and  Mrs.  Eleanor  Frederick  and  Miss 
Erica  Christianson,  Syracuse  home  economics  experts. 


N.¥.  Slate  Grange  Takes 
Bold  Stand  in  War  Effort 

fey  JL ?.  &.  SJzefyinxftan 


REITERATING  the  Grange  pledge 
to  the  American  people  that  farm¬ 
ers  will  loyally  do  their  utmost  to  pro¬ 
duce  food  and  fiber  necessary  to  carry 
on  the  war,  State  Master  Rich  in  his 
annual  address  likewise  called  for  a 
frank  facing  of  facts. 

America  must  have  essential  farm 
products,  he  said,  calling  attention  to 
a  record  13  per  cent  increase  in  produc¬ 
tion  this  year  and  Secretary  Wickard’s 
request  for  even  greater  production 
next  year.  “We  will  do  our  part,  but 
we  realize  the  difficulties  that  lie  ahead. 
We  question  whether  our  government 
has  faced  these  difficulties  soon  enough, 
or  whether  it  has  gone  far  enough  to 
meet  them.  It  does  not  appear  that  the 
public  appreciates  the  situation  in 
which  the  farmer  finds  himself,  and 
we  feel  there  have  been  seemingly  delib¬ 
erate  attempts  to  confuse  the  public.” 

In  Grange  circles  satisfaction  was 
voiced  over  the  appointrqent  of  Secre¬ 
tary  Wickard  as  food  administrator. 
Rich  said  that  when  he  attended  the 
recent  meeting  of  the  National  Grange 
there  was  unanimous  approval  of  a  re¬ 
quest  to  the  President  that  if  a  food 
administrator  were  named  to  be  plac¬ 
ed  in  the  Department  of  Agriculture 
or  the  Office  for  Economic  Stabilization. 

Delegates  said  they  were  more  con¬ 
cerned  with  how  they  were  going  to 
produce  than  they  were  with  goals  an¬ 
nounced  at  Washington.  State  Master 
Rich  echoed  general  sentiment  when 
he  said  the  administration  in  Washing¬ 
ton  had  appeared  unsympathetic  to  the 
just  claims  of  farmers. 

Rich  emphasized  that  farmers  have 
not  been  able  to  find  substitutes  for 
manpower  and  machinery.  He  said 
farmers  and 'members  of  their  families 
had  worked  longer  hours  and  still  they 
were  not  able  to  do  everything  they 
would  like  to  do.  He  pointed  to  the 
steady  drain  on  farm  manpower  to  fill 
needs  of  the  armed  forces  and  of  war 
industries,  and  said  the  farmer  has 
been  powerless  in  the  face  of  high 
competing  wages. 

OPPOSES  SUBSIDIES 

He  reviewed  the  effort  made  in 
Washington  to  obtain  recognition  of 
the  fact  that  farm  prices  have  been  too 
low  to  enable  the  farmer  to  pay  wages 
to  retain  hired  help.  Congress  finally 
enacted  the  anti-inflation  law  in  which 
it  was  declared  that  increases  in  cost 
of  farm  labor  would  be  considered  in 
determining  parity  prices  for  agricul¬ 
ture. 

“But  the  administration  does  not 
seem  inclined  to  include  labor  costs  in 
establishing  farm  prices,”  said  Rich. 
Statements  so  far  made  and  action 
taken  indicate  an  intention  to  place 
rigid  ceilings  on  the  prices  of  farm 
products  and  to  use  subsidies  to  main¬ 


tain  production.”  He  said  there  ap¬ 
parently  are  only  two  ways  to  enable 
farmers  to  obtain  enough  money  to 
stay  in  the  business  of  producing.  One 
is  to  give  them  prices  high  enough  to 
meet  costs,  and  the  other  is  by  sub¬ 
sidies  from  the  public  treasury. 

“Subsidies  make  everybody  pay  for 
the  benefit  of  the  few,”  he  said,  ex¬ 
plaining  that  subsidies  acted  to  keep 
consumer  prices  down  to  OPA  retail 
price  ceilings,  which  admittedly  were 
too  low  to  pay  costs.  While  this  device 
is  a  direct  subsidy  to  consumers  to 
keep  down  the  cost  of  living  to  con¬ 
sumers,  there  was  general  feeling  that 
it  was  the  farmers  who  received  the 
subsidies. 

“The  parity  formula  is  out  of  date,” 
Rich  declared.  “If  America’s  food  sup¬ 
ply  is  to  be  maintained  farmers  must 
be  able  to  meet  the  cost  of  producing 
it,  including  the  cost  of  labor.”  He  said 
that  to  use  a  parity  formula  based  on 
conditions  of  30  years  ago  was  ridic¬ 
ulous,  in  the  face  of  the  sharp  advance 
in  wages  in  the  past  two  years. 

LADD  RAPS  RED  TAPE 
« 

In  a  forthright  talk  to  the  delegates 
Dean  Carl  E.  Ladd  of  the  State  Col¬ 
lege  of  Agriculture  said  “muddling  of 
rationing  procedures  for  farm  trucks 
in  the  past  six  months  has  been  in¬ 
excusable.”  He  said  the  first  factor  in 
production  of  farm  products  was  weath¬ 
er  and  “we  can  not  hope  for  as  favor¬ 
able  weather  in  1943  as  we  had  in  1942. 
All  we  can  do  about  it  is  pray.”  He 
ranked  manpower  next  and  said  federal 
authorities  were  “almost  too  late”  in 
acting  to  keep  skilled  men  on  dairy, 
livestock  and  poultry  farms.  He  said 
the  plan  “never  can  succeed  fully  with¬ 


out  adequate  prices  for  farm  products 
so  that  the  farmer  may  be  able  to  bet¬ 
ter  compete  with  industry  in  holding 
his  labor  supply.” 

Pointing  out  that  lack  of  human 
labor  can  only  be  met  by  use  of  ma¬ 
chinery,  Dr.  Ladd  said  here  again  the 
situation  is  not  hopeful.  “Every  effort 
must  be  made  to  make  each  machine 
operate  as  efficiently  as  possible,”  he 
said.  “Delays  and  impractical  hand¬ 
ling  of  this  situation  may  be  calamit¬ 
ous.  The  growing  and  harvesting  of 
crops  will  not  wait  for  untangling  of 
red  tape.”  He  said  rationing  of  fer¬ 
tilizers  now  is  threatened  through  the 
AAA,  “and,  in  my  judgment,  would  be 
a  grave  mistake  and  would  result  in 
such  clumsy  handling  of  the  project, 
the  introduction  of  such  long,  com¬ 
plicated  forms  and  application  blanks 
that  the  use  of  fertilizer  would  be 
curtailed  and  farmers’  time  wasted.” 

“NO  UNFAIR  PARTISANSHIP” 

Warning  that  there  should  be  no 
unfair  partisanship  either  between 
government  and  labor,  government  and 
agriculture,  or  government  and  any 
other  group  was  sounded  by  Edward 
R.  Eastman,  editor  of  American  Agri¬ 
culturist.  He  said  that  in  view  of  gov¬ 
ernment  relations  with  labor  now  it 
could  not  be  said  to  be  an  unbiased 
judge  of  other  groups. 

Eastman  delved  into  history  to  show 
that  the  struggle  of  the  masses  always 
has  been  to  make  government  the 
servant  of  the  people,  rather  than  their 
master.  “What  will  be  the  use  of  sac¬ 
rificing  millions  of  dollars  and  men  in 
far  places  if  we  lose  our  liberty  at 
home?” 

TABER  SAYS  FARMERS  PROBLEM 
NOT  APPRECIATED 

“Many  persons  in  government,  busi¬ 
ness  and  labor,  as  well  as  some  con¬ 
sumers,  need  a  rude  awakening”,  Louis 
J.  Taber,  former  master  of  the  Nation¬ 
al  Grange,  told  the  convention.  He 

“When  we  send  farmers’  sons  to  the 
( Continued  on  opposite  page) 


Mrs.  Nehemiah  Andrews  Wins 
State  Grange  Bread  Contest 


H‘ 


OMEMADE  BREAD  excited  a  lot 
of  interest  at  the  New  York  State 
Grange  annual  meeting  in  Syracuse 
last  week.  Fifty-three  loaves  of  bread 
were  there,  baked  by  county  winners 
for  the  final  competition  in  the  State 
Grange  Bread  Contest  which  started 
last  spring.  This  was  the  tenth  annual 
contest  of  its  kind  to  be  jointly  spon¬ 
sored  by  the  Grange  and  American 


Agriculturist. 

There  was  hardly  a  Granger  present 
who  didn’t  take  time  off  to  come  into 
the  room  where  the  judges  were  scor¬ 
ing  the  bread  to  admire  the  tempting 
looking  loaves  and  to  do  a  little  hanker¬ 
ing  for  a  slice  from  one  of  them.  And 
the  bread  certainly  did  look  and  smell 
good! 

Acting  as  judges  were  Miss  Erica 


All  uni  ion.  Slate  and 
County  Winners! 

Several  Pomona  Bread  Contest 
winners  have  asked  us  why  they 
have  not  received  their  Maca 
Yeast  prize,  awarded  by  North¬ 
western  Yeast  Co.,  of  Chicago, 
Ill.  Shipment  of  this  prize  has 
been  held  up  until  names  of  all 
county  winners  were  received. 
We  now  have  these,  and  each 
county  winner  will  soon  begin  to 
receive  a  two  months’  supply  of 
Maca  Yeast,  mailed  at  the  rate 
of  4  packages  every  2  weeks. 

A  two  months’  supply  of  Maca 
Yeast  will  also  be  mailed  to  each 
of  the  ten  highest  State  winners, 
in  addition  to  the  gift  of  kitchen¬ 
ware  which  the  Northwestern 
Yeast  Company  is  awarding. 


Christianson,  Supervisor  of  Home  Eco¬ 
nomics  Education  in  the  Syracuse  Pub¬ 
lic  Schools;  Mrs.  Raymond  Cooper, 
Granger  of  Oswego,  N.  Y.;  and  Mrs. 
Eleanor  Frederick  of  the  College  of 
Home  Economics  at  Syracuse  Univers¬ 
ity.  Entries  in  the  contest  were  identi¬ 
fied  only  by  number  until  after  the 
judging  was  over,  and  names  of  win¬ 
ners  were  not  revealed  until  they  were 
announced  from  the  platform  the  fol¬ 
lowing  morning  by  H.  L.  Cosline,  As¬ 
sociate  Editor  of  American  Agricul¬ 
turist.  So  high  was  the  interest  with 
which  delegates  awaited  the  name  of 
the  first  prize  winner  that  you  could 
have  heard  a  pin  drop  as  Mr.  Cosline 
made  the  momentous  announcement 
that  Mrs.  Nehemiah  Andrews,  of  Mont¬ 
gomery,  N.  Y.,  was  the  baker  of  the 
loaf  of  bread  that  won  the  highest  rat¬ 
ing. 

Besides  winning  the  coveted  title  of 
State  Champion  Bread  Baker,  Mrs. 
Andrews  received  $25.00  in  cash  from 
American  Agriculturist,  a  Lexington 
coal  and  wood  range  from  the  Kala¬ 
mazoo  Stove  Company;  several  valu¬ 
able  merchandise  prizes  from  the  Co¬ 
operative  G.L.F.  Farm  Products  Com¬ 
pany,  including  G.L.F.  pancake  flour, 
cake  flour,  self-rising  flour,  and  a  case 
of  G.L.F.  canned  foods.  Also,  a  check 
for  $2.00  from  General  Foods  Sales 
Company;  a  can  of  meat  salt  aftd  a 
butcher  knife  from  International  Salt 
Company;  a  two  months’  supply  of 
Maca  Yeast  and  kitchenware  from 
Northwestern  Yeast  Company;  and  a 
49  lb.  sack  of  Occident  flour  from  Rus- 
sell-Miller  Milling  Company. 

All  of  these  merchandise  prizes,  with 
the  exception  of  the  stove,  went  also 
to  the  nine  contestants  having  the  next 
highest  scores.  In  addition,  American 
Agriculturist  gave  cash  prizes  to  the 
twenty  winners  listed  on  this  page. 

American  Agriculturist  takes  this 
opportunity  to  express  its  appreciation 
to  everyone  who  helped  to  make  the 
contest  a  success.  We  also  want  to 
congratulate  every  contestant  who  took 
part  in  this  contest  all  along  the  line 
since  last  spring.  When  it  came  to 
the  final  State  contest,  we  were  only 
sorry  that  we  could  not  give  a  prize  to 
everyone  of  the  53  contestants.  So 
uniformly  good  was  the  bread  entered 
in  it  that  it  took  the  judges  five  hours 
to  pick  the  twenty  winners. 

Following  is  a  complete  list  of  win¬ 
ners  in  the  contest: 


NAME 

1st — Mrs.  Nehemiah  Andrews 
2nd — Mrs.  Alfred  White 
3rd — Mrs.  Charles  Dersam 
4th — Mrs.  Fred  Elling 
5th — Mrs.  Allen  Herrick 
6th — Mrs.  Robert  Brady 
7th — Mrs.  Olive  C.  Graves 
8th — Mrs.  Nellie  Conroy 
9th — Mrs.  John  W.  Vroontan 
1 0th — Mrs.  James  Richmond 
llth — Miss  MargarctC.  Hallock 
12th — Mrs.  Eva  D.  Boire 
13th — Mrs.  Minnie  Stanton 
14th — Mrs.  Stephen  Stoltman 
15th — Mrs.  R.  D.  Putnam 
16th — Mrs.  Harry  Park 
17th — Mrs.  W.  E.  Hansen 
18th — Mrs.  Esther  Hollenbeck 
19th — Mrs.  Herbert  Hammond 
20th— Mrs.  William  F.  Siegler 


GRANGE 

COUNTY 

Montgomery 

Orange 

Lamson 

Onondaga 

Griffins  Mills 

Erie 

Benton 

Y  axes 

Pittstown 

Rensselaer 

Malone 

Franklin 

Genesee  Valley  Allegany 

Champion 

Jefferson 

Paines  Hollow 

Herkimer 

Wide  Awake 

Ontario 

Echo 

Greene 

Mooers 

Clinton 

Hiawatha 

Albany 

Avon 

Livingston 

Mohawk  Valley  Saratoga 

Miller 

Cortland 

Walton 

Delaware 

Gaines 

Orleans 

Big  Flats 

Chemung 

Newfano 

Niagara 

American  Agriculturist,  December  19,  1942 


1  1  (673) 


Secretary  Wiekard  Made 
Food  Administrator 


IN  ONE  of  the  most  important  moves 
so  far  on  the  Home  Front,  President 
Roosevelt  has  given  Claude  R.  Wick- 
ard,  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  supreme 
control  over  both  the  production  and 
distribution  of  food.  The  Department 
of  Agriculture  has  been  divided  into 
two  great  agencies,  the  Food  Produc¬ 
tion  Administration  and  the  Food  Dis¬ 
tribution  Administration,  and  the  var¬ 
ious  branches  and  bureaus  of  the  De¬ 
partment  have  been  grouped  according 
to  the  work  they  do  under  one  or  the 
other  of  these  agencies.  The  Triple  A, 
the  Farm  Credit  Administration,  Farm 
Security  Administration,  much  of  the 
Bureau  of  Agricultural  Economics,  the 
Office  of  Agricultural  War  Relations, 
and  many  former  War  Production 
Board  groups  will  work  under  the  Food 
Production  Administration.  In  the  Dis¬ 
tribution  Administration  are  included 
the  Agricultural  Marketing  Adminis¬ 
tration,  the  sugar  agency,  the  Agricul¬ 
tural  Conservation  Adjustment  Ad¬ 
ministration,  and  many  other  bureaus 
concerned  with  food  distribution. 

In  this  new  set-up,  Secretary  Wick- 
ard  will  have  full  charge  and  determi¬ 
nation  of  the  food  requirements  in  the 
field'  of  civilian  population,  the  arm¬ 
ed  services,  the  lend-lease  administra¬ 
tion,  and  foreign  governments.  He  will 
formulate  and  conduct  a  program  to 
produce  necessary  foods,  and  will  allo¬ 
cate  these  foods  when  they  are  pro¬ 
duced.  Wiekard  will  also  have  charge 
of  the  supervision  of  food  rationing. 
Leon  Henderson,  Price  Administrator, 
will  keep  authority  over  prices. 

It  is  not  expected  that  there  will  be 
any  let-up  of  rationing  under  the  new 
Wiekard  regime.  In  fact,  it  is  expect¬ 
ed  that  the  Secretary  will  find  it  neces¬ 
sary  to  ration  more  and  more  severely. 


Of  all  the  men  in  Washington,  Sec¬ 
retary  Wiekard  should  be  best  qualifi¬ 
ed  to  handle  these  tremendous  respon¬ 
sibilities  of  directing  the  production 
and  distribution  of  food  in  this  world 
crisis.  He  is  a  farmer  himself,  knows 
and  understands  farm  people  and  their 
problems.  But  he  has  a  tough,  thank¬ 
less  job  in  helping  farmers  to  produce 
food  when  they  have  neither  sufficient 
manpower  nor  the  machinery  or  other 
supplies  with  which  to  do  it.  And 
equally  tough  will  be  his  job  of  telling 
the  American  people  what  they  can 
and  cannot  have  to  eat. 

— a.  a. — 

VEGETABLE  AND 
POTATO  MEN  TO  MEET 

The  Empire  State  Potato  Club  and 
the  New  York  State  Vegetable  Grow¬ 
ers’  Association  are  to  meet  in  Syra¬ 
cuse,  January  6  and  7,  1943. 

The  program  centers  around  the 
problems  of  present  day  vegetable  and 
potato  production  rather  than  the  ex¬ 
tension  type.  Machinery,  labor,  pack¬ 
ages,  fertilizers,  seed,  crop  goals,  de¬ 
hydration,  are  all  to  be  discussed. 
Among  the  leaders  are:  H.  E.  Bab¬ 
cock;  W.  I.  Myers;  W.  G.  Meal;  H.  C. 
Thompson;  M.  C.  Bond;  Henry  Mar- 
quart,  Sr.;  N.  A.  Talmadge;  Roy  Por¬ 
ter;  Paul  Findlen,  and  others. 

Both  government  and  people  have 
come  to  a  new  realization  of  the  ser¬ 
iousness  of  the  food  problem.  It  be¬ 
hooves  vegetable  men  to  attend  this 
meeting  and  to  see  that  their  organiza¬ 
tions  are  represented.  This  is  one  of  the 
few  channels  through  which  the  grow¬ 
er  can  make  his  needs  known  and  so 
be  empowered  to  do  his  essential  part 
in  winning  the  war. 


unjustified,  and  called  for  elimination 
of  unnecessary  duplication  in  transpor¬ 
tation,  processing  and  delivery  of  milk. 
*  *  * 

Although  the  issue  of  the  St.  Law¬ 
rence  seaway-power  project  threatened 
to  loom  large  in  the  session,  a  com¬ 
promise  was  reached  in  committee. 
Numerous  resolutions  had  been  intro¬ 
duced  urging  immediate  completion, 
deferment  until  after  the  war,  and 
abandonment  of  the  project.  The  reso¬ 
lution  adopted  asked  that  it  be  “defer¬ 
red  at  least  until  the  end  of  the  war.” 
*  *  * 

It  was  an  off  year  for  elections, 
Clarence  E.  Johncox  of  Batavia  being 
named  to  the  executive  committee  in 
place  of  Raymond  Cooper  of  Oswego. 
*  *  * 

The  State  Grange  revolving  scholar¬ 
ship  fund  reported  loans  of  $4,204  and 
repayments  of  $9,923  during  the  year, 
with  a  balance  of  $14,833.  Since  the 
fund  was  started  in  1928,  $136,000  has 
been  loaned  and  $64,795  repaid  into  the 
fund.  In  spite  of  the  good  balance, 
Secretary  Harold  M.  Stanley  urged 
that  contributions  be  maintained  so  a 
surplus  may  be  available  for  the  pro¬ 
verbial  rainy  day. 

The  convention  voted  to  increase  the 
quarterly  per  capita  dues  to  be  paid  to 
the  State  Grange  from  9  to  11  cents, 
but  declined  to  change  the  time  of  the 
annual  meeting  from  December  to  Oc¬ 
tober,  or  to  reduce  the  usual  four-day 
session  to  a  shorter  period.  The  in¬ 
crease  in  dues  had  been  urged  by  offi¬ 
cers  because  for  several  years  income 
has  not  covered  expenses  and  it  has 
been  necessary  to  draw  upon  resources. 
*  *  * 

William  Meacham  of  the  State  In¬ 
stitute  of  Applied  Agriculture  took 
first  place  in  the  annual  speaking  con¬ 
test  for  boys  from  the  six  secondary 
schools  of  agriculture.  Alfred  Lasky 
of  Delhi  ranked  second  and  Frederick 
Neadle  of  Morrisville  third.  David  C. 
Kidd,  chairman  of  the  State  Grange 
executive  committee,  presided  and  said 
the  judging  was  extremely  difficult  be¬ 
cause  all  six  boys  did  an  excellent  job. 


COMING! 


COMING! 

COMING! 

“BORN  TO  FIGHT”  is  the  title 

of  a  great  new  serial  story  about 
country  folks  and  their  problems 
which  will  start  in  the  next,  the 
first  January  issue,  of  American 
Agriculturist. 

Our  readers  all  know  the 
author  of  this  story - E.  R.  East¬ 

man,  Editor  of  American  Agri¬ 
culturist.  Few  men  know  and 
understand  country  folks  and 
their  problems  better  than  he, 
and  the  folks  that  me  makes  walk 
and  talk  and  live  in  this  Tine 
story  are  just  like  the  ones  you 
have  known  all  of  your  life. 

Mr.  Eastman  is  the  author  of 
several  books,  including  “The 
Trouble  Maker”,  and  with  Dr. 

C.  E.  Ladd  the  joint  author  of 
the  new  book  “Growing  Up  in 
the  Horse  and  Buggy  Days.” 

There  is  something  cloing  every 
minute  in  “Born  to  Fight”.  Look 
for  the  first  instalment  in  the 
next  issue. 

^  —  .-I.  —  1—.  — ■  —  -  •* 

1942  reads  as  follows: 

“Nothing  contained  in  this  Act  shall 
be  construed  to  modify,  repeal,  super¬ 
sede,  or  affect  the  provisions  of  the 
Agricultural  Marketing  Agreement  Act 
of  1937,  as  amended,  or  to  invalidate 
any  marketing  agreements,  licenses  or 
orders,  or  any  provisions  thereof  or 
amendments  thereto,  heretofore  or 
hereafter  made  or  issued  under  the  pro¬ 
visions  of  such  Act.” 

Mr.  Cobb  says  that  in  view  of  the 
law  it  is  the  opinion  of  the  OPA  that 
nothing  in  the  Temporary  Maximum 
Price  Regulation  No.  22  interferes  with 
any  order,  license  or  marketing  agree¬ 
ment,  or  any  amendment  to  such  an 
agreement.  Mr.  Cobb  further  states 
that  steps  are  being  taken  to  clarify 
Maximum  Price  Regulation  No.  22  so 
there  will  b^  no  question  about  the  in¬ 
terpretation  of  it. 


N.  Y.  Grange  Takes  Bold  Stand 


( Continued  from 

front,  when  they  leave  the  plow  to 
work  in  airplane  factories  at  higher 
wages,  a  limit  is  placed  on  production. 
When  there  is  no  new  machinery  and 
no  labor-saving  equipment  to  be  pur¬ 
chased,  a  second  limit  is  placed  on  the 
farm  output.” 

The  Grange  took  sharp  issue  with 
statements  contained  in  the  President’s 
Labor  Day  speech,  in  which  he  called 
farmers  a  favored  group  and  placed 
blame  for  inflation  at  their  door. 

“This  statement  shows  a  deplorable 
lack  of  accurate  information  as  to  the 
economic  status  of  agriculture”,  the 
Grange  declared.  “Facts  prove,  using 
any  stable  base  period,  that  agricul¬ 
ture  has  improved  its  income  less  than 
half  as  much  as  the  balance  of  the 
nation.” 

By  unanimous  vote,  the  convention 
called  to  the  attention  of  the  President 
and  Congress  “this  discrepancy”. 

*  *  * 

Without  a  dissenting  vote  the  Grange 
continued  its  firm  stand  against  efforts 
of  John  L.  Lewis  to  organize  farmers 
in  his  United  Mine  Workers  of  America 
and  gave  its  full  indorsement  to  the 
work  of  Free  Farmers  Inc. 

*  *  * 

Farmers  were  urged  to  support  their 
organizations  and  their  cooperatives. 
Continuance  of  the  state  milk  public¬ 
ity  campaign  was  urged  as  one  means 
of  maintaining  future  milk  markets 
and  to  prevent  depressed  prices  and 
disaster  to  dairymen  after  the  war. 

*  *  * 

Notice  was  taken  of  the  situation  in 

New  York  City  whereby  farmers  are 
compelled  to  engage  union  driver^  to 
deliver  their  produce.  Legislation  was 
asked  to  protect  farmers  from  racket- 


opposite  page ) 

eering  in  any  market.  Likewise,  dele¬ 
gates  thought  no  impediment  of  threat¬ 
ened  legal  prosecution  should  be  placed 
in  the  way  of  a  farmer  who  gratuitous¬ 
ly  gives  treatment  to  livestock.  Legis¬ 
lation  was  asked  to  permit  him  to  act 
even  though  he  is  not  a  licensed  vet¬ 
erinarian. 

*  *  * 

Opposition  was  voiced  to  encumber¬ 
ing  farmers’  efforts  with  unnecessary 
red  tape.  Because  many  farmers  are 
hampered  by  mileage  and  truck  restric¬ 
tions,  the  ODT  was  asked  to  give 
prompt,  fair  consideration  to  appeals. 
The  War  Production  Board  was  asked 
to  grant  priorities  for  farm  machinery 
and  equipment  on  a  basis  to  enable 
farmers  to  meet  production  needs. 

*  *  * 

Speed  in  the  synthetic  rubber  pro¬ 
gram  was  urged. 

*  *  sf: 

The  government  was  asked  not  to 

relax  immigration  and  quota  laws  to 
permit  undesirables  to  come  into  this 
country. 

*  *  * 

The  Legislature  was  asked  to  repeal 
the  tenure  law  enacted  this  year  by 
which  district  school  superintendents 

are  “frozen”  in  their  jobs.  The  Grange 
declared  this  undemocratic  to  perpetu¬ 
ate  officeholders  in  office  for  life  and 
expressed  fear  that  such  a  system 
might  spread  to  other  branches  of  gov¬ 
ernment. 

*  *  * 

It  was  declared  necessary  to  raise 
and  maintain  farmers’  milk  prices  that 
will  enable  them  to  continue  to  pro¬ 
duce  to  the  utmost.  Curb  of  waste  in 
handling  milk  was  asked.  A  resolu¬ 
tion  adopted  said  spreads  between  pro¬ 
ducer  and  consumer  prices  had  been 


—  A.  A.— 

ESTIMATED  MILK  PRICE 

Charles  Blanford,  Administrator  of 
the  New  York  City  milk  marketing 
area,  estimates  that  the  November 
uniform  milk  price  will  be  $3.26.  Ad¬ 
ministrator  Blanford  expects,  also,  that 
the  volume  of  milk  in  the  November 
New  York  pool  will  be  about  3.6%  be¬ 
low  November  last  year. 

The  November  1941  uniform  milk 
price  was  $2.82  which,  up  to  Septem¬ 
ber  this  year,  was  a  record  high  price 
under  the  Federal-State  Order.  The 
October  1942  price  was  $3.01. 

The  total  value  of  the  November 
pool  this  year  is  estimated  at  $13,840,- 
000.  The  November  pool  last  year 
yielded  a  return  of  $12,499,562.75.  If 
the  price  proves  to  be  as  high  as  the 
Administrator’s  estimate,  it  will  be  the 
highest  price  dairy  farmers  have  re¬ 
ceived  for  any  month  since  January, 
1921.  The  highest  November  price 
ever  received  was  in  1920  when  it  was 
$3.86. 

—  A.  A. — 

PRICE  CEILINGS  DO  NOT 
OVERRULE  MARKETING 
AGREEMENTS 

There  has  been  some  question  in  the 
minds  of  men  in  the  dairy  industry  as 
to  the  effect  that  price  ceilings  estab¬ 
lished  by  the  Office  of  Price  Adminis¬ 
tration  will  have  on  milk  marketing 
agreements.  C.  J.  Blanford,  Adminis¬ 
trator  of  the  New  York  City  milk  mar¬ 
keting  area,  just  sent  us  copy  of  a 
letter  written  by  David  Cobb,  Assistant 
General  Counsel  of  the  Office  of  Price 
Administration  at  Washington.  The 
letter  addressed  to  T.  G.  Stitts  of  the 
Agricultural  Marketing  Administration 
at  Washington  points  out  that  one  sec¬ 
tion  of  the  Emergency  Control  Act  of 


YOUR  COUNTRY  NEEDS  NURSES 


STUDY  NURSING  at 

MEYER 

MEMORIAL 

HOSPITAL 

(Formerly  Buffalo  City  Hospital ) 

For  the  reception  and  treatment 
of  all  diseases.  Bed  capacity  1169. 

Pupils  may  select  either  the 

UNIVERSITY  OF  BUFFALO 

OR 

CANISIUS  COLLEGE 


for  their  Academic  Subjects 

•  Three  year  course,  conducted  on  a 
collegiate  basis,  leading  to  New  York 
State  R.  N.  Certificate,  including  a 
two-year  credit  toward  the  degree  B.S. 
in  Nursing,  or  other  Baccalaureate 
Degrees. 

Full  maintenance  for  three  years. 
Straight  8  hour  duty.  One  and  a  half 
days  off  each  week.  Entrance  require¬ 
ments  high  school  diploma  or  its 
equivalent.  Fees  moderate,  payable 
on  installment  plan. 

Federal  Scholarship  Funds  available 
for  partial  tuition  in  approved  cases. 
March  class  forming. 

Write  or  visit 

DIRECTOR,  SCHOOL  of  NURSING 


EDWARD  J.  MEYER 
MEMORIAL  HOSPITAL 

462  Grider  St.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


(674)  12 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  19,  1942 


YOU**  YOUR  FARM 


*  ★  *  *  ★  ★  ★  ★  ★  ★  ★ 

ii — - - - - - - ■  -  ■■■'■  -?  ' 


TRUCK  OWNERS  TO 
GET  MORE  GAS 

While  thousands  of  farmers  have 
been  exasperated  by  the  bad  situation 
which  developed  in  the  issuing  of  Cer¬ 
tificates  of  War  Necessity  for  trucks, 
they  can  give  some  credit  to  the  Office 
of  Price  Administration  and  the  Office 
of  Defense  Transportation  for  taking 
immediate  steps  to  relieve  the  situation. 

The  first  word  (as  reported  in  the 
December  5  issue  on  page  20)  was 
that  local  Rationing  Boards  would  fur¬ 
nish  gas  to  any  trucker  where  there 
was  an  obvious  error  in  the  amount 
allotted  him  or  where  he  had  not  re¬ 
ceived  his  Certificate  of  War  Necessity. 
The  trouble  was  that  some  Rationing 


Boards  interpreted  this  literally;  oth¬ 
ers  gave  no  relief  where  no  error  could 
be  found,  even  though  the  gas  allow¬ 
ance  was  obviously  inadequate. 

Now,  enforcement  of  the  order  re¬ 
quiring  Certificates  of  War  Necessity 
to  get  gasoline  has  been  put  ahead  to 
February  1.  In  the  meantime,  if  your 
Certificate  has  not  been  received,  all 
you  need  to  do  is  to  go  to  your  local 
Rationing  Board  and  get  enough  “T” 
rationing  coupons  to  keep  essential 
trucking  going  until  February  1.  If 
your  Certificate  of  War  Necessity  has 
been  received  but  gives  you  insufficient 
gas  to  carry  on  your  absolutely  essen¬ 
tial  business,  see  the  Chairman  of  your 
County  Farm  Transportation  Commit¬ 
tee  (your  County  Agent  will  tell  you 


who  he  is  if  you  do  not  know  him), 
and  have  him  help  you  fill  out  an  ap¬ 
peal  for  more  gas. 

It  is  no  longer  necessary  to  wait 
thirty  days  to  put  in  such  an  appeal. 
The  Committee  has  been  instructed  to 
allow  all  reasonable  requests  and  to 
make  its  recommendation  to  the  Dis¬ 
trict  Office  of  the  ODT.  The  District 
Office  is  to  be  guided  by  the  recom¬ 
mendation  of  the  County  Committee. 

A  few  cautions  are  in  order.  Gas 
you  use  between  now  and  February  1 
will  be  charged  against  your  rationing 
account.  While  we  feel  certain  that 
most  truck  owners  will  get  more  gas 
than  the  amount  shown  on  their  cer¬ 
tificates,  it  will  be  necessary  for  you  to 
show  your  Rationing  Board  that  you 
MUST  have  the  gas  to  keep  going  in 
your  essential  operations;  and  you  can 
be  sure  that  the  amount  of  gas  eventu¬ 
ally  given  you  when  Certificates  of 
War  Necessity  become  effective  on 
February  1  will  be  less  than  the 
amount  you  used  in  the  months  previ¬ 
ous  to  December  1. 

Every  effort  MUST  be  made  to  save 
gas  and  tires.  Farmers  approve  this 
principle  thoroughly,  but  unquestion¬ 
ably  the  amounts  assigned  to  many 
farmers  on  Certificates  of  War  Neces¬ 


sity  already  received  were  absolutely 
too  small  to  allow  them  to  continue 
their  normal  food  production. 

The  farmer-owned  truck  which  oper¬ 
ates  on  a  retail  route — for  example,  in 
delivering  milk  direct, to  consumers — 
does  not  come  under  these  provisions. 
The  owner  must  apply  to  the  ODT 
District  Office. 

*  *  * 

HIGH  POINTS  ON 

INCOME  TAXES 

By  V.  B.  HART. 

FEDERAL  INCOME  TAXES  FOR 
FARMERS 

Who  Makes  a  Federal  Return? 

A  single  person  with  a  GROSS  in¬ 
come  of  at  least  $500  or  a  married  per¬ 
son  with  a  GROSS  income  of  at  least 
$1200.  Last  year  the  corresponding 
figure  for  a  single  person  was  $750 
and  for  a  married  person  $1500. 

What  is  Meant  by  “Gross  Income”  ? 

The  same  as  last  year.  The  gross 
income  of  a  farmer  is  his  total  income 
from  all  sources. 

Does  a  Farmer  Pay  a  Federal  Income 
T ax  on  His  Gross  I ncome  ? 

No.  He  pays  on  his  NET  income 
which  is  his  gross  income  less  business 
expenses,  and  this  remainder  is  further 
reduced  for  tax  purposes  by  certain 
deductions,  chief  of  which  are  the  per¬ 
sonal  exemption  and  credit  for  depend¬ 
ents. 

What  Personal  Exemptions 
Are  Allowed  ? 

A  personal  exemption  of  $500  for  a 
single  person  and  of  $1200  for  a  mar¬ 
ried  person.  Last  year  these  figures 
were  $750  and  $1500  respectively. 

What  Are  the  Credits  for  Dependents? 

A  credit  of  $350  is  allowed  for  each 
child  under  18  years  of  age  or  for  each 
adult  incapable  of  self-support.  Last 
year’s  figure  was  $400. 

What  Are  the  Federal  Income-Tax 
Rates  ? 

The  NORMAL  Federal  income-tax 
rate  is  6  per  cent.  Last  year  it  was 
4  per  cent.  The  SURTAX  rate  starts 
at  13  per  cent  on  the  first  $2,000  of 
taxable  income.  Last  year  it  started 
at  6  per  cent. 

When  is  the  Federal  Income-Tax 
Return  Due? 

The  Federal  income-tax  return  is  due 
two  and  one-half  months  after  the  close 
of  the  year,  calendar  or  fiscal,  for 
which  the  return  is  made.  If  the  re¬ 
turn  is  made  on  the  calendar  year,  it 
is  due  on  March  15. 

How  About  the  Federal  Victory  Tax? 

The  Victory  Tax  is  a  special  addi¬ 
tional  5  per  cent  Federal  tax  starting 
in  1943  on  all  net  income  over  $624. 
The  Victory  Tax  will  be  levied  on  in¬ 
comes  received  during  1943  and  in  the 
case  of  salaried  persons  will  be  collect¬ 
ed  by  being  withheld  at  the  source. 
However,  a  farmer,  although  liable  for 
the  Victory  Tax  on  income  received 
during  1943  will  not  pay  the  tax  until 
1944. 

HOW  TO  GET  READY  FOR  MAKING 
INCOME  TAX  RETURNS 

1.  Get  Together  a  List  of  Farm  Re¬ 
ceipts  and  Expenses.  This  list  should 
be  classified  according  to  receipts  from 
milk,  eggs,  crops,  and  so  forth  and  ac¬ 
cording  to  expenses  for  seed,  feed,  fer¬ 
tilizer,  labor  and  so  forth.  The  “Farm 
Cash  Account  Book”,  available  at  $.10 
per  copy  from  offices  of  county  agri¬ 
cultural  agents  or  from  the  Mailing 
Room,  College  of  Agriculture,  Ithaca, 
New  York,  will  be  found  a  useful  guide 
in  preparing  such  a  list. 

2.  Take  a  Farm  Inventory  at  the  End 

( Continued  on  opposite  page ) 


To  our  thousands  of  good  friends  in 
the  great  farming  areas  of  New  York 
and  Pennsylvania ,  our  best  wishes  for  a 


\  \  _/ 
/  s 


/ 


/  / 


x 


J 


Merry  Christmas 

and  a 

Happy  New  Year 

THE  mutually  beneficial  relationship  so  firmly  established  between 
WHCU  and  the  farmers  of  our  great  radio  community  is  a  source  of 
deep  pride  to  us.  Authoritative,  up-to-the-minute  agricultural  informa¬ 
tion  on  the  daily  WHCU  Agricultural  Hour,  produced  by  the  New 
York  State  College  of  Agriculture,  and  the  intelligent  application  of  this  knowl¬ 
edge  by  the  farmers  in  our  listening  area  have  made  our  loyal  farm  audience  the 
best  informed  and  most  progressive  in  the  country  .  .  .  and  have  established 
WHCU  as  the  leading  agricultural  station  of  the  East.  We  are  privileged  to  be 
the  medium  through  which  so  many  thousands  of  farmers  who  have  demanded 
the  latest,  most  authentic  farm  news,  receive  this  important  information,  de¬ 
void  of  propaganda  or  commercial  appeal. 

The  bond  between  the  farmer  and  WHCU  will  be  strengthened  greatly  in  the 
months  and  years  to  come,  for  our  facilities  to  help  the  farmer  will  keep  pace 
with  the  increased  tempo  of  wartime  and  post-war  agricultural  effort. 

With  firm  conviction  that  the  future  holds  great  promise  for  the  American 
farmer,  we  extend  greetings  to  all  this  Christmas  season. 


870  Kilocycles 


1000  WATTS 


WHCU 


Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


COLUMBIA  BROADCASTING  SYSTEM 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  19,  1942 


(675) 


1  3 


n.,,,  He  .. 

•'  »«w  .. 


^WCHBOJ? 
f  COVUTR 


of  the  Year.  Copies  of  the  farm  ac¬ 
count  book,  “Farm  Inventory  for  Five 
Years”  are  available  at  $.10  per  copy 
from  offices  of  county  agricultural 
agents  or  from  the  Mailing  Room,  Col¬ 
lege  of  Agriculture,  Ithaca,  New  York. 

3.  Watch  for  Special  Income  Ta.x 
Bulletin.  As  soon  as  the  new  farm  in¬ 
come  tax  blanks  and  instructions  cov¬ 
ering  them  are  released,  which  will 
probably  be  late  in  December,  the  Ex¬ 
tension  Service  of  the  College  of  Agri¬ 
culture  will  publish  a  special  bulletin 
giving  suggestions  to  New  York  farm¬ 
ers  on  making  out  their  Federal  and 
State  income-tax  returns.  Ample  an¬ 
nouncements  by  radio  and  press  will  be 
made  of  the  release  of  this  bulletin. 


for  packing  and  storing  apples  next 
fall.  These  boxes  hold  a  bushel,  where¬ 
as  our  eastern  boxes  hold  1  1/5  bush¬ 
els.  In  a  pinch,  these  western  boxes 
can  be  used  for  picking  and  storing, 
and  then  the  apples  can  be  marketed 
in  fibre  boxes  or  Eastern  apple  crates. 

Second-hand  Bruce  boxes  in  which 
oranges  are  shipped  from  Florida  are 
used  by  many  vegetable  growers.  It 
appears  that  more  and  more  Florida 
oranges  will  be  shipped  north  in  cotton 
mesh  bags.  It  is  a  good  idea  to  lay  in 
a  supply  of  Bruce  boxes  if  you  have 
need  for  them. 

It  goes  without  saying  that  no  con¬ 
tainer  should  be  destroyed.  Jules 


Cherniak  of  the  New  York  State  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture  and  Markets, 
Albany,  has  been  doing  a  real  service 
in  furnishing  information  to  County 
Agents  and  others  on  used  containers. 
If  you  have  problems,  write  him. 
The  loss  of  containers  in  city  markets 
is  less  than  in  normal  times,  but  our 
guess  is  that  there  are  still  too  many 
packages  being  destroyed. 

*  #  * 

MORE  SCRAP 

The  scrap  salvage  campaign  was  a 
success.  That  does  not  mean  that  we 
can  forget  all  about  scrap.  A  search 
on  any  farm  or  in  any  home  will  find 


Wrapping  the  Stars  and  Stripes  around 
a  half-baked,  bureaucratic  notion 
Does  NOT  necessarily  make  it  a  genu¬ 
ine,  -democratic  “Yankee  Notion.” 

— E.  A.  B. 


something  that  was  missed,  and  scrap 
salvage  must  continue  to  keep  the  steel 
mills  working. 

An  excellent  procedure  to  follow  is 
to  have  a  scrap  pile  in  the  shed.  Every 
time  you  find  some  useless  piece  of 
steel,  drop  it  on  the  pile;  and  when  the 
pile  is  big  enough,  start  it  on  its  way 
to  the  steel  mills. 


TABLE 
TABLE 


HxH6  Z  peyiCE  - 


rABi*?, 


IS 


"Food  will  win  the  war — AND  WRITE  THE  PEACE! 
With  these  prophetic  words  agricultural  America 
asked  to  shoulder  a  job  as  indispensable  to  victory  as 
the  defeat  of  enemy  armies.  To  you  who  must  do  the 
farming  with  fewer  hands  to  help  —  and  to  us  who 
must  make  fewer  farm  tools  —  it  is  a  challenge  we  must 
jointly  meet  if  America  is  to  win  both  ways. 

Because  in  the  months  ahead  much  of  your  labor  and 
your  undelivered  implements  will  be  reaping  a  grim¬ 
mer  harvest  on  the  battlefronts,  the  makers  of  New  Idea 
farm  machines  and  their  many  dealers  offer  a  plan 
that  is  designed  to  give  you  the  use  of  machines  you 
may  not  otherwise  be  able  to  get.  To  make  present  and 
future  machines  go  farther  and  do  more  is  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  this  plan  —  and  you  are  urged  to  find  out 
now  how  it  can  serve  you  AND  AMERICA. 

How  to  Hire  Machines  You  Can't  Buy 
How  to  Charge  for  Machines  You  Loan 
-—A  Booklet  Every  Farmer  Should  Have 


In  the  months  ahead,  look  for  this  sign 
at  your  New  Idea  dealer’s.  It  is  a  reminder 
that  he  has  a  practical  plan  to  help  you 
and  other  local  farmers  when  unable  to 
purchase  needed  machines.  If  you  want  to 
hire  equipment  you  cannot  buy  —  or  wish 
to  exchange  the  use  of  machines  you  have 
—  or  would  like  to  rent  them  out  —  talk  it 
over  with  your  New  Idea  Dealer  now 
ahead  of  time! 


Supplies  of  the  bulletin  will  be  placed 
in  offices  of  County  Agricultural 
Agents,  at  commercial  banks,  and  in 
offices  of  Production  Credit  Associa¬ 
tions. 

4.  Warning.  Reports  indicate  that 
high  pressure  salesmen  are  offering 
farmers  so-called  “official”  income  tax 
account  books  said  to  contain  ‘“advance 
information.”  Prices  of  these  books 
range  from  $.50  to  $10.  The  experience 
of  farmers  indicates  that  the  “Farm 
Cash  Account  Book”  and  the  “Farm 
Inventory  for  Five  Years”  published 
and  distributed  at  cost  by  the  Exten¬ 
sion  Service  of  the  New  York  State 
College  of  Agriculture,  and  similar  ac¬ 
count  books  published  by  other  State 
Agricultural  Colleges,  are  adequate  for 
keeping  farm  records  needed  for  in¬ 
come  tax  purposes. 

^  $ 

RETAIL  SALES 

What  can  a  farmer  charge,  under 
price  ceilings,  for  farm  products  sold 
direct  to  consumers?  If  your  sale  of 
all  farm  products  direct  to  consumers 
during  the  past  month  totaled  less  than 
$75,  you  are  exempt  from  price  ceiling 
regulations.  If  you  sold  produce  with 
a  total  value  of  more  than  $75,  you 
must  observe  all  price  ceiling  regula¬ 
tions. 

As  noted  on  page  3  of  the  last  issue, 
there  has  been  a  special  ruling  on 
turkeys  sold  direct  to  consumers,  al¬ 
lowing  turkey  growers  to  charge  the 
same  price  as  charged  by  retailers  in 
the  nearest  city  on  comparable  grades. 
Producers  are  hoping  that  some  similar 
ruling  will  be  made  to  cover  other 
farm  products  such  as  potatoes  and 
onions. 

*  *  * 

SCARCE  CONTAINERS 

Containers  for  all  farm  produce  will 
be  scarce  for  the  duration.  There  is  a 
natural  tendency  for  farmers  with  larg¬ 
er  businesses  to  be  aware  of  this  situa¬ 
tion  and  take  all  possible  steps  to  meet 
it.  The  man  with  a  small  farm  is  less 
likely  to  do  this.  It  is  none  too  soon 
to  figure  up  what  containers  you  will 
need  next  year  and,  so  far  as  you  can, 
lay  in  your  supply  now. 

EGG  CASES.  Right  now,  there 
seems  to  be  plenty  of  egg  cases,  but 
when  the  flush  season  comes  next 
spring,  they  will  be  short  again.  Some 
fibre  cases  are  being  made,  mostly  in 
15-dozen  sizes.  They  are  satisfactory, 
but  they  will  not  make  as  many  trips 
to  market  as  a  30-dozen  wooden  case. 
By  nailing  a  1-inch  riser  on  a  Cali¬ 
fornia  citrus  box,  it  can  be  used  to 
ship  30  dozens  of  eggs.  The  fillers  fit 
very  well  one  way,  but  there  is  a  little 
loose  space  the  other  way  which  has  to 
be  padded.  So  far,  few  of  these  have 
been  shipped  to  New  York  City,  and 
they  are  not  accepted  very  well  there, 
but  the  New  York  buyers  may  have 
to  accept  them. 

APPLE  BOXES.  •  Some  apples  are 
being  sold  in  bushel  fibre  boxes.  How¬ 
ever,  these  are  no  good  for  field  work, 
and  it  might  be  a  good  idea  to  lay  in 
a  supply  of  western  apple  boxes  to  use 


Buy  War  Bonds  and  Stamps.  1 


FARM  EQUIPMENT 


Continued  implement  shortages  may  soon  make  you 
look  to  a  neighbor  for  the  rental  of  a  needed  ma¬ 
chine  —  or  he  may  seek  to  borrow  one  from  you.  Get 
this  timely  "How-to-do-it"  booklet.  Contains  accepted 
operating  costs  of  36  different  farm  machines,  for 
figuring  proper  machine  rental  fees;  also  details  of 
the  New  Idea  Plan  for  helping  you  secure  the  use 
of  farm  machines  you  may  need  but  cannot  buy. 
Write  —  or  see  your  New  Idea  dealer  today  for 
your  free  copy. 


NEW  Idea,  Inc.,  Dept.  914,  Cold  water,  Ohio 


(676)  14 


At  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  19,  1942 


A oAilteaAi  Ma/iJzetl  jpsi  j\i a^itUeaAi  Pnjochux/iA 


"American  Agriculturist’s  Classified  Page" 


HOLSTEIN 


TRY  “WAIT  FARMS”  FIRST 

lor  your  next  Herd  Sire.  We  specialize  on  Type  and 
Production.  2  Gold  Medal  Herd  Sires,  2  Silver  Medal. 
Prices  reasonable.  Write  for  list. 

J.  REYNOLDS  WAIT,  ™AEUB^T  £ARYMS- 


ORCHARD  HILL  STOCK  FARM 

offers  for  sale  Carnation  bred  bulls  of  excellent  type 
from  high  producing  dams  and  sired  by 
Carnation  Creamelle  Inka  May. 

M.  R.  Klock  &  Son,  Fort  Plain,  N.  Y. 


BULL 


OUT  OF  TOP  COW  AND 
TOP  BULL  SOLD  IN  1941; 
SEVEN  MONTHS  OLD. 

SILVER  FOREST  FARMS 

FORESTVILLE,  NEW  YORK 


For  Sale:  REGISTERED  HOLSTEINS 

Will  sej*  30  head.  Your  choice  of  115.  Herd  average 
0.75%  fat  last  eighteen  months.  Many  splendid  fami¬ 
nes  that  combine  show  quality  with  high  production. 
Some  high  quality  young  bulls,  excellent  show  prospects. 
PAUL  SMITH,  NEWARK  VALLEY,  NEW  YORK. 


ALL  AGES,  BY  EXTRA 
WELL  BRED  SIRES,  FROM 
COWS  WITH  GOOD  C.T.A. 
RECORDS. 

E.  P.  SMITH,  SHERBURNE,  N.  Y. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 

CAREFULLY  SELECTED  HOLSTEINS  AND  GUERN- 
SEYS.  LARGE  NUMBER  TO  CHOOSE  FROM. 
SOLD  FOR  CASH  OR  ON  LIBERAL  CREDIT  TERMS. 

STATE  DAIRY  CATTLE  CO.,  Inc. 

B.  N.  MILLARD,  Pres.  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 

3  miles  south  of  Ithaca  on  Routes  13  and  34. 
Phone:  Ithaca  2015. 


GUERNSEY 


Tarbell 

Guernsey 

Farms 

Smithville 
Flats,  N.Y. 


365  HEAD  FEDERAL 
ACCREDITED  NEGATIVE 

FOR  SALE:  Young  bulls  and  a  few 
heifer  calves  closely  related  to  Tarbell 
Farms  Peerless  Margo,  18501  lbs.  Milk, 
1013  lbs.  Fat,  World’s  Champion  Jr. 
3  year  old,  also  to  Tarbell  Farms  Royal 
Lenda  20508  lbs.  Milk,  1109  lbs.  Fat, 
World’s  Champion  Jr.  4  year  old. 
Visitors  Welcome.  Full  information 
furnished  on  request. 


For  Sale:  Registered  Guernsey  Bulls. 

READY  FOR  SERVICE,  FROM  600  LB.  DAMS. 
FEW  HEIFERS  UNDER  ONE  YEAR. 

Price  reasonable  (a  good  time  to  buy). 

Lake  Delaware  Farms,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 


SELECT  GUERNSEY  BULL 

Born  October  4,  1942,  three  nearest  dams  average  14436 
lbs.  milk,  637.7  lbs.  fat.  From  high  transmitting  cow 
family  and  sired  by  McDonald  Farms  Dauntless,  a  son 
of  Foremost  Prediction  and  Valor's  Kitteline.  Pedigree 
and  price  on  request  MR.  CLIFFORD  W.  SMITH, 
WYCHMERE  FARMS,  ONTARIO,  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE:  LEVITY  BRED  BULLS 

sired  by  Douglaston  Crown  Prince  or  Douglaston  His 
Royal  Highness,  both  sons  of  Shuttlewick  Mirth.  A  few 
choice  ones  out  of  Douglaston  Coronation  King  daughters. 

DOUGLASTON  MANOR  FARM,  NpeuJa^ 


JERSEYS 


FOR  SALE:  PUREBRED  JERSEYS. 

Vaccinated  as  calves:  now  negative  on  Bangs  test. 
Accredited  herd.  Sybil  breeding  from  famous  Ogden 
Mills  Herd.  Herd  sire  a  grandson  of  Sociable  Sybil. 
Reasonably  priced. 

B.  W.  MURRAY,  Campbell  Hall,  Orange  County,  N.Y. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


COWS  FOR  SALE 

T.B.  AND  BLOODTESTED  HOLSTEINS  AND 
GUERNSEYS  IN  CARLOAD  LOTS. 

E.  C.  TALBOT,  Leonardsville,  N.  Y. 


ARERREEN-ANGIJS 


VALLEY  FARMS  ANGUS 

ONE  OF  NEW  ENGLAND'S  LARGEST  BREEDERS 
OF  FINE  REGISTERED  ABE R D E E N- A NG US  CAT!  LE 

VAT  I  FY  FARMS  walpole.  n.  h. 

’  I  rrtlXJYlij,  Robert  E.  Hogarth,  Mgr. 


SHORTHORNS 


Purebred  Dual  Purpose  Shorthorn  Bulls 

OF  SERVICEABLE  AGE. 

Best  for  the  General  Farmer. 

WM.  J.  BREW  &  SONS,  Bergen,  N.  Y. 


toentbs 


Dec.  29- 
Jan.  6-7 
Jan.  6 - 
Jan.  6-7 

Jan.  6-  7 

Jan.  6-10 
Jan.  12-14 
Jan.  12-14 

Jan.  12-15 

Jan.  12-15 

Jan.  13-15 

Jan.  13-17 

Jan.  26-29 

Jan.  27-29 


Coming  Events 

Annual  Meeting  of  Hampshire- Franklin 
County  Holstein  Ass’n.,  Greenfield,  Mass. 
Annual  Meeting  of  Massachusetts  Fruit 
Growers’  Ass’n.,  Worcester. 

Annual  Meeting  of  Mass.  State  Holstein 
Ass’n.,  Worcester. 

Annual  Meetings  of  the  Empire  State  Po¬ 
tato  Club  and  New  York  State  Vegetable 
Growers’  Ass’n.,  Hotel  Onondaga.  Syracuse. 
Annual  Meeting  of  Maryland  State  Horti¬ 
cultural  Society,  Hagerstown. 

New  York  Poultry  Show,  New  York  City. 
Pennsylvania  Farm  Show,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
Pennsylvania  State  Horticulture  Ass’n.  An¬ 
nual  Meeting,  Harrisburg. 

Maryland  Agricultural  Organizations  Winter 
Meeting,  Baltimore. 

Vermont  Union  Agricultural  Meeting,  Bur. 
lington. 

Annual  Meeting  New  York  State  Horticul¬ 
tural  Society,  Rochester. 

Boston  Poultry  Show,  Boston  Garden,  Bos¬ 
ton,  Mass. 

27th  Annual  New  Jersey  Agricultural 
Week,  Trenton. 

Eastern  Meeting  New  York  State  Horticul¬ 
tural  Society,  Kingston. 


HEREFORDS 


HEREFORDS — Purebred,  Registered; 

three  2  year  olds,  will  calve  in  December,  excellent 
for  foundation  stock.  Herd  T.B.  and  blood  tested. 
Also  bred  cows,  cows  and  calves,  heifers  and  bulls. 

BOB-O-LINK  FARMS,  Wolcott,  N.  Y. 


nORSES 


Cattle:  500  head,  fancy  fresh,  forward. 

HORSES.  ALL  KINDS.  THE  BEST  IN  FANCY 
DRAFT  AND  SADDLE  HORSES.  PRICED  RIGHT. 
FREE  DELIVERY. 

E.  L.  Foote  &  Son,  Inc.,  HOBART’185N4;  Y' 


SWINE 


Pedigreed  Chester  Whites 

SOWS,  BOARS  AND  PIGS,  ALL  AGES. 
WORLD’S  BEST  BLOOD.  MUST  PLEASE. 

C.  E.  CASSEL  &  SON,  Hershey,  Penna. 


Quality  Poland  China  Breeding  Stock 

Hardy  herd — See  it.  Now  offering  rugged,  long,  deep, 
smooth,  thick,  spring  gilts,  bred  to  either  of  our 
Champion  boars,  for  litters.  Also,  early  and  late  fall 
pigs,  either  sex.  Many  by  the  GREAT  G.  B.  Can 
furnish  unrelated  males  and  females. 

GREENFIELD  FARMS.  TIFFIN,  OHIO. 


Yorkshires  —  Service 
Boars,  Pigs,  Bred  Gilts 

Give  that  4-H  “er”  a  Pig  for  Christmas. 

PINELMA  FARM, 

MB.  C.  ARTHUR  PATTEN 

Lawrenceville,  New  York 


Buy  Pigs  for  Meat  to  Eat  or  Sell 

LIVE  OFF  THE  FARM,  NOT  JUST  ON  IT. 
Poland  Chinas,  Berkshires  or  crossbreds  for  big  1943 
hogs.  6  weeks,  $6.;  8  wks.,  $7.:  10  wks..  $8.;  12  wks.. 
40  to  50  lbs.,  $11  each.  Crated,  castrated,  serum  only 
vaccinated.  Money  back  guarantee  to  be  satisfactory  at 
your  railroad  station.  Select  breeders  $1  each  extra. 
Mail  order  to 

C.  Stanley  Short,  Cheswold,  Delaware. 


SnEEP 


FOR  SALE: 

18  DORSET-MERINO  EWES, 

2  TO  5  YRS.  BRED  TO  DORSET  RAM.  $300.00. 
ALSO  REG.  DORSET  EWES  AND  RAMS. 

M.  C.  WHITNEY,  Susquehanna,  Penna. 


Small  Flock  of  Southdowns  For  Sale. 

15  HEAD,  ASSORTED  AGES,  REGISTERED  AND 
GRADES.  AGED  RAM,  ALSO  RAM  LAMB. 

C.  R.  LEAHY,  Whitney  Point,  N.  Y. 


WVWWVSIWd^WVVWVWWW 

When  writing  advertisers  be  sure  to  say  that  you  saw 
It  in  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 

^VVVWWWWAVUWVWVWVW 


DOGS 


Newfoundland  Dogs  and  Puppies. 

Also  smooth  haired  fox  terriers,  medium  and  toy.  AH 
dogs  registered.  We  guarantee  the  lives  of  all  dogs  for 
six  months  time.  The  Newfoundland  dog  makes  an 
all  purpose  dog,  protects  your  home  and  stock. 
ROBINSON’S  KENNELS.  TRUMANSBURG.  N.  Y. 


WANTED:  GERMAN  POLICE  DOG 

not,  vicious.  One  month  to  one  Year,  Registered. 

WILLIAM  BOYD 

708  WEST  AVENUE,  MEDINA,  NEW  YORK. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


Baled  Shavings 

PEANUT  HULLS  -  SAWDUST 
Makes  Ideal  Bedding  or  Litter. 
Carloads  or  Less. 

E.  B.  REIN  LUMBER  CO. 

Telephone:  MOTT  HAVEN  9—0006. 

384  E.  149th  St.,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


POULTRY  y 


Babcock’s  Healthy  Layers 

W.  LEGHORNS,  BARRED  ROCKS.  R.  I.  REDS,  NEW 
HAMPSHIRES.  BARRED  CROSS,  RED-ROCK  CROSS. 

100%  Pullorum  Clean  —  100%  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  for  attractive  catalog. 

BABCOCK’S  HATCHERY, 

501  Trumansburg  Road,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Harry  C.  Daugherty,  R.  I,  Fairdale,  Pa. 


C.  &  G.  FARMS 

BREEDERS  OF  R.  I.  REDS  AND  R  ED  -  ROCK-CROSSES 
Trapnested  and  progeny  tested  for  years.  B.W.D.  free. 
Satisfaction  is  our  motto. 

BOX  5,  Ballston  Lake,  New  York. 


RICH  POULTRY  FARMS 

Leghorns  Progeny  Tested  Reds 

ONE  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE’S  OLDEST  AND— 
LARGEST  BREEDING  FARMS.  12,000  BIRDS— 
Write  for  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list.  Also  de¬ 
scribes  our  method  of  giowing  pullets  and  feeding  layers. 

Wallace  R  Rich,  Box  A,  Hobart,  N.  Y. 


ZIMMER’S  POULTRY  FARM 

N.  Y.-U.  S.  APPROVED  WHITE  LEGHORNS,  REDS. 
BARRED  CROSS  AND  WHITE  ROCKS. 

They  Live  —  They  Lay  —  They  Pay 

PULLORUM  FREE.  SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 
Details  on  request. 

CHESTER  G.  ZIMMER 

BOX  C,  GALLUPVILLE,  N.  Y. 


BODINE’S  Pedigreed  LEGHORNS 

One  of  New  York’s  U.  S.  R.O.P.  largest 
and  oldest  Breeders.  Charter  Member 
since  1926.  Please  write  for  our  1942  Price 
List  describing  our  Leghorns.  Reds,  and 
crossbreds. 

Eli  H.  Bodine,  Box  28,  Chemung,  N.  Y. 


“ Don’t  worry,  he  won’t  shoot  —  he’s 
reading  American  Agriculturist.” 


POULTRY 


EGG  AND  APPLE  FARM 

U.  S.  R.O.P.  BREEDING  MALES. 

ORDER  NOW. 

James  E.  Rice  &  Sons,  TrumanBs°bXurgAl  n.  y. 


The  McGREGOR  FARM 


S.  C.  White  Leghorns — 50  years  experience  in 
breeding  profit-producing  birds.  Write  for  free  folder. 
THE  McGREGOR  FARM.  Box  A,  MAINE,  N.  Y. 


Walter  Rich’s 
Hobart  Poultry  Farm 


LEGHORNS  EXCLUSIVELY 


OUR  CIRCULAR  SHOWS  YOU  THE  TYPE  OF  BIRD 
IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  PUT  IN  YOUR  LAYING 
HOUSE  NEXT  FALL. 


WALTER  S.  RICH,  HOBART,  N.  Y. 


Mapes  Poultry  Farm 

Certified  R.O.P.  Pedigreed  Breeders. 
WHITE  LEGHORNS,  NEW  HAMPSHIRES, 
BARRED  ROCKS,  RED-ROCK  CROSSBREDS 
It  takes  high  quality  stock  to  produce  the  extra  eggs 
and  meat  needed  in  times  like  these.  Mapes  stock 
is  famous  for  quick  growth  and  heavy  production. 
100%  Pullorum  free.  Write  for  folder  and  prices 

WILLIAM  S.  MAPES.  . . Sfcn%  , 


CHRISTIE’S  STRAIN  N.  H.  REDS 

PULLETS.  BLOODTESTED  STOCK. 

ALL  COMMERCIAL  BREEDS.  CIRCULARS. 

V.  S.  KENYON,  Marcellus,  New  York 


CASTER’S  PARMENTER  REDS 

AND  ROCK-RED  CROSS. 

Known  for  exceptional  livability  and  consistent 
production.  Circular  on  request. 

RED-W-FARM,  Box  W,  Wolcott,  N.  Y. 


U.  S.  CERTIFIED 

Large  Type  S.  C.  White  Leghorns 

Write  for  descriptive  folder. 

MAPLE  HILL  POULTRY  FARM 

SPRINGFIELD  CENTER.  N.  Y. 


LARGE.  VIGOROUS,  PEDIGREED 

S.  C.  White  Leghorn  Cockerels 

Also  a  limited  number  of  equally  good  S.  C.  R.  I. 
Red  cockerels.  30  Years  of  breeding  for  health,  pro¬ 
duction  and  tyne.  Always  100%  clean  on  pullorum 
blood  test.  KUTSCHBACH  &  SON.  Sherburne,  New  York. 


FARMS  FOR  SALE 


Equipped  Money-Maker;  154  Acres 

16  Cows,  heifer,  calf,  2  bulls.  2  h-orses,  flock  hens, 
lot  of  tools  and  crops  —  all  included:  100  acres  tillable, 
creek  pasture  and  wood:  on  highway,  handy  depot  town, 
mile  to  pretty  lake:  good  8  rooms,  maple  shade,  health, 
ful  elevation,  40x  48  basement  barn,  silo,  garage,  poul¬ 
try  house;  $5000  complete,  terms;  page  37  Big  Catalog 
— Write  for  Free  Dopy. 

STROUT  REALTY 

255-R  4th  AVENUE.  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


FOR  SALE: 

Partly  Finished  Three  Room  House 

and  334  acres  land.  '/,  acre  pine  grove,  rest  tillable. 
Electricity.  Five  minutes  walk  from  bus  line.  Price  $900. 
BOX  514-H,  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 
ITHACA,  NEW  YORK. 


REAL  ESTATE— FOR  SALE 


PROPERTY  FOR  SALE 

STORE  AND  RESIDENT  — 

STORE  AND  HALL. 

5  GARAGES.  LOT  ON  MAIN  STREET. 

Mrs.  Frank  G.  Robbins,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


FARM  WANTED 


Wanted  to  Lease,  Privilege  of  Buying 

modern,  equipped,  productive  dairy  farm  located  in 
central  or  western  New  York,  near  central  school:  by 
reliable,  experienced  young  couple. 

Box  514-S,  c/o  American  Agriculturist, 

ITHACA.  NEW  YORK. 


HELP  WANTED 


WANTED:  Single  Man  for  Fruit  Farm. 

BOARD  AND  ROOM  AND  TOP  WAGES  FOR 
RIGHT  MAN.  NOT  MANY  CHORES. 

START  FEBRUARY  FIRST. 

C.  E.  Nichols,  No.  22300,  Lewiston,  N.Y, 


ADVERTISING  RATES  —  Northeast  Markets  for  Northeast  Producers  — 


fijij  ' Pa®e  i*  f°r  the  accommodation  of  Northeastern  farmers  for  advertising  the  following  classifications: 
LIVESTOCK— Cattle.  Swine.  Sheep.  Horses,  Dogs,  Rabbits,  Goats.  Mink.  Ferrets;  FARM  PRODUCE— Field 
beeds.  Hay  and  Straw.  Maple  Syrup,  Honey.  Pop  Corn,  Miscellaneous;  POULTRY— Breeding  Stock  Hatching  Eggs: 

MKNT— Help  Wanted.  Situation  Wanted:  FARM  REAL.  ESTATE— Farms  for  Sale.  Farms  Wanted- 
USED  FARM  EQUIPMENT— For  Sale.  Wanted. 


This  page  combines  the  advantage  of  display  type  advertising  at  farmers’  classified  advertising  rates.  Two 
advertising  space  units  are  offered  as  follows:  space  one  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $6.00  per  issue  or 
space  one-half  inch  deep  one  column  wide  at  $3.00  per  issue.  Copy  must  be  received  at  American  Agriculturist. 
Advertising  Dept.,  Box  514,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  11  days  before  publication  date.  No  Baby  Chick  advertising  ac¬ 
cepted  on  this  page.  1942  issue  dates  are  as  follows:  Jan.  3,  17,  31:  Feb.  14,  28:  Mar.  14,  28:  April  II,  25: 
May  9,  23;  June  6.  20;  July  4.  18;  Aug.  I.  15.  29;  Sept.  12,  26:  Oct  1C,  24;  Nov.  7.  21:  Dec.  5.  19. 


Anerican  Agriculturist,  December  19,  1942 


15  ( 677) 


By  J.  F.  (DOC.)  ROBERTS 


War  livestock  markets  bear  watch¬ 
ing.  They  fluctuate  as  in  normal  times, 
but  always  with  this  difference — when 
they  go  down,  they  don’t  stay  down. 
This,  in  spite  of  ceilings,  allocations, 
quotas,  and  what  have  you. 

Cows  broke  sharply  about  three 
weeks  ago,  but  are  right  back  now. 
Lambs  were  around  fourteen  dollars — 
now  they  are  sixteen.  Hogs  are  in  a 
slump  now  and  are  too  low,  but  they 
will  be  back  up  there.  'What  I  am  try¬ 
ing  to  say  again  is:  “Don’t  market  on 
a  break  in  wartime.” 

There  is,  however,  this  exception 
which  will  be  with  us  from  now  on.  The 
day  of  “extra  fancy”,  “prime”,  “Mil¬ 
lionaire  trade”  food  product  is  out.  The 
profitable  animal  from  now  on  will  be 
the  one  we  can  produce  cheaper  in  the 
Northeast;  one  that  will  put  on  weight 
rapidly,  do  it  on  our  grasses  and  feeds, 
and  be  in  good  flesh  and  ready  for  mar¬ 
ket  in  the  shortest  possible  time.  The 
steer  on  full  feed  of  corn  for  eighteen 
months,  the  grain  fed  hog  to  weigh 
over  three  hundred  pounds,  the  hot¬ 
house  lamb,  etc.,  are  all  out.  Fortu¬ 
nately,  it  takes  the  best  of  breeding 
to  produce  the  economical  animal  of 
the  present  and  future. 

The  little  light-boned  common  grade 
is  out  also.  It  has  been  years  since  the 
spread  in  price  between  a  little  light 
cull  lamb  and  a  good  eighty-to  ninety- 
pound  fleshy  lamb,  or  between  an  old 
canner  cow  and  a  good  cow,  has  been 
so  great;  or  reversely,  since  a  good 
fleshy  steer  has  sold  so  close  to  a  good 
heifer  or  cow;  or  since  a  fleshy  medium 
lamb  or  calf  has  sold  so  close  to  a  good 
one.  This  is  not  just  a  war  trend;  it 
has  been  slowly  developing  for  years. 
It  does  partly  explain,  however,  why 
our  Northeast  can  now  out-do  other 
sections  of  the  country,  and  why  so 
many  of  our  smart  farmers  are  get¬ 
ting  in  on  it. 

Dear  Mr.  Washington,  D.  C. 

Please,  under  every  and  all  condi¬ 
tions,  see  that  “our  boys”  get  all  the 
good  meat,  milk  and  fats  they  need. 
We  are  depending  upon  you  for  that. 
We  will  see  to  it  that  you  get  the  food 
to  do  it  with — regardless. 

Now,  that  “regardless”  does  not 
mean  that  any  of  us  need  to  be  brow¬ 
beaten,  scared  or  worried,  nor  do  we 
need  to  be  coddled.  We  realize,  partic¬ 
ularly  since  Bataan  and  North  Africa, 
the  importance  that  food  is  assuming 
as  a  weapon  in  this  war  and  in  its 
peace.  We  know  that  every  country  in 
this  world  is  going  to  look  to  us  for 
food,  mountains  of  food,  sooner  or  lat¬ 


er.  That  is  as  it  should  be  for  we  have 
not  had  to  make  our  farms  into  battle¬ 
fields. 

That  is  about  the  whole  picture.  So, 
why  all  this  bureaucracy,  regimenta¬ 
tion,  price-juggling,  ruthless  discrimi¬ 
nation,  labor  nursing,  farm  labor  short¬ 
sightedness,  and  even  a  fight  against 
just  a  fair  farm  price? 

We  appreciate  that  you  are  just  as 
anxious  to  win  the  war  as  we  are;  also, 
that  there  must  be  some  “war  regula¬ 
tions,”  but  let’s  place  those  few  regu¬ 
lations  with  intelligence  and  experience. 
Please  do  not  let  them  be  an  excuse 
for  establishing  bureaucratic  controls. 

We  realize  our  responsibility  to  grow 
an  abundance  of  meat  and  food,  and 
we  want  to  be  allowed  to  do  it  with  a 
feeling  of  security,  peace,  and  of  a  job 
well  done — nothing  more.  You  see  — 
we  are  Americans,  too. 

So  just  omit  any  of  the  Christmas 
presents,  and  especially  take  off  the 
gilded  wrappings  and  ribbon  (red  tape) 
used  in  tying  them  up. 

MERRY  CHRISTMAS  TO  YOU  ALL. 

Yours  sincerely, 

“Doc” 

—  A.  A. — 

V.  HOLSTEIN  ASS’N. 
ANNUAL  MEETING  JAN.  19 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  New  York 
Holstein-Friesian  Association  will  be 
held  in  Hotel  Syracuse,  Syracuse,  N. 
Y.,  on  January  19.  The  business  meet¬ 
ing  will  be  called  at  10:00  A.  M.  and 
will  include  reports  of  officers  and  vari¬ 
ous  committees,  acting  upon  proposed 
amendments,  election  of  four  directors 
in  place  of  R.  Y.  Walrath,  East  Spring- 
field,  N.  Y.;  G.  S.  V.  Andrews,  La- 
Grangeville,  N.  Y.;  Geo.  H.  McGeoch, 
Cambridge,  N.  Y. ;  and  Lawrence  W. 
Riley,  North  Bangor,  N.  Y.,  and  the 
transaction  of  any  other  business  which 
may  properly  come  before  the  meeting. 
Each  of  the  24  county  or  district  clubs 
will  elect  delegates  to  this  meeting, 
and  all  dairymen  interested  in  the 
Holstein-Friesian  cow  are  cordially  in¬ 
vited. 

— a.  a. — 

SHEEP  DIPPING  SERVICE 
SAVES  TIME 

Over  600  days  of  farm  labor  were 
saved  during  the  past  summer  through 
the  sheep  dipping  service  and  the  cost 
or  charge  per  head  averaged  only  six 
cents  to  the  grower.  The  portable 
sheep  dipper  saves  time,  labor,  and  ex¬ 
pense. 

Over  50,000  sheep,  on  600  farms  lo¬ 
cated  in  eighteen  New  York  counties, 
were  dipped  to  control  lice  and  ticks 
during  May,  June,  and  July  of  this 
year.  Since  the  dipping  service  w*as 
set  up  through  the  Extension  Service 
in  1938,  over  200,000  head  have  been 
dipped. 

This  service  operated  only  in  seven 
counties  in  1938,  but  now  has  been  ex¬ 
tended  to  nearly  all  of  the  important 
sheep  counties  in  the  State.  In  some 


counties,  nearly  one-third  of  all  sheep 
are  now  being  dipped  annually,  where¬ 
as  previous  to  the  establishment  of  the 
service,  less  than  five  per  cent  of  the 
sheep  were  being  dipped. 

Portable  sheep  dippers  are  now  own¬ 
ed  and  operated  by  the  Farm  Bureaus 
in  the  following  counties:  Livingston, 
Orleans,  Yates,  Seneca,  Onondaga,  and 
Wayne.  All  growers  can  save  and 
serve  through  the  fullest  use  of  the 
dipping  service.  Dipping  improves  the 
wool,  makes  shearing  easier,  eliminates 
external  parasites,  and  improves  the 
health  and  resistance  of  sheep.  Further¬ 
more,  it  can  be  done  quickly  and  cheap¬ 
ly  right  on  your  farm  by  your  own 
Farm  Bureau. 

— a.  a. — 

FOOD  PRODUCTION 
SLOWED  DY 
REGULATIONS 

“It  is  not  possible  to  exaggerate  the 
seriousness  of  our  present  food  prob¬ 
lem.  This  year  because  of  most  unusual¬ 
ly  favorable  weather  we  have  had  a 
bumper  crop.  Next  year  the  increased 
demand  for  lend-lease,  and  the  increas¬ 
ed  purchasing  power  of  our  people  will 
mean  great  shortages  of  every  farm 
product.  Especially  serious  will  be  the 
situation  if  we  should  have  some  bad 
weather . 

“We  must  have  food  to  win  the  war. 
We  should  take  off  the  brakes,  remove 
destructive  restrictions  and  regulations, 
and  encourage  the  farmer  in  every  way 
to  produce . 

“The  farmer  must  be  able  to  earn 
a  profit  on  his  production.  Otherwise 
he  cannot  and  will  not  continue  to  cul¬ 
tivate  his  land.  There  are  no  more  pa¬ 
triotic  people  than  the  farmers,  but 
they  cannot  pay  for  labor  that  they 
need  with  merely  patriotic  words . 

“We  are  coming  into  a  real  short¬ 
age  of  milk,  cream,  cheese,  and  butter. 
The  cattle  raiser,  due  to  unfair  ceilings 
imposed  on  him,  has  been  forced  to  sell 
his  steers  before  they  had  become  fat¬ 
tened.  This  means  on  a  thousand  steers 
a  loss  of  200,000  or  300,000  pounds  of 
meat.  When  you  carry  this  loss 
throughout  the  industry,  the  total  loss 
is  staggering . 1  .  .  . 

“I  can  cite  a  score  of  other  cases 
where  an  untrue  and  unfair  parity  and 
unfair  ceilings  have  brought  us  to  the 
verge  of  serious  shortages.  All  this 
due  to  the  stupid  way  in  which  our 
food  production  has  been  handled  by 
government  agencies  and  bureaucrats 
who  know  nothing  about  the  problems 
they  are  supposed  to  solve.  As  a  re¬ 
sult,  farmers  have  lost  confidence  in 
the  government  agencies  and  their  ef¬ 
forts  to  handle  the  food  situation.” — 
Excerpts  from  a  recent  speech  made 
by  Frank  E.  Gannett,  President  of  the 
Gannett  Newspapers. 

*  *  * 

Editor’s  Note:  In  time  of  war  it  seems 
to  be  necessary  to  submit  to  centralized 
government  control  and  to  hundreds  of 
bureaucratic  regulations.  In  this  war,  as 
Mr.  Gannett  points  out,  many  of  these 
regulations  as  they  apply  to  farmers  not 
only  do  no  good,  but  are  positively  harm¬ 
ful.  In  spite  of  them,  farmers  will  con¬ 
tinue  to  work  as  they  never  have  before 
to  raise  food,  because  we  must  have  food 
to  win  the  war.  But  when  the  war  is 
over,  if  we  know  farmers,  and  we  think 
we  do,  there  is  going  to  be  a  thorough 
housecleaning  of  so  many  government 
agencies,  of  bureaucrats  and  bureaucratic 
regulations. 

— A.  A. — 

GOOD  GUERNSEY  RECORD 

George  J.  Pollack,  Binghamton,  N. 
Y.,  has  just  made  a  New  York  State 
Champion  Record  on  his  two-year-old 
Guernsey  cow,  Rex’s  Dell  of  Pine  Grove 
Farms.  Her  production  of  12,424.4 
pounds  of  milk  and  619.8  pounds  of  but- 
terfat  is  the  highest  record  in  the  state 
made  in  Class  GHI. 

Her  sire  is  Alta’s  Rex  of  Pine  Grove 
Farms,  also  owned  by  Mr.  Pollack. 


Dr.  Naylor’s 

SOFT-SURFACE,  MEDICATED 

JEAT  DILATORS 


The  dairyman's  standby  for 
treating  scab  teats,  cut  and 
bruised  teats,  obstructions. 

Dr.  Naylor  s  Dilators  furnish  soothing 
protection  and  keep  teat  canal 
open  in  its  natural  shape  while 
healing.  They  have  a  soft,  cushion 
surface  that  conforms  to  either  large 
or  small  teats  without  overstretch¬ 
ing,  and  which  carries  medication 
into  teat  canal  to  seat  of  trouble. 
Easy  to  insert  .  .  .  Stay  in  the  teat 

Packed  in  Antiseptic  Ointment. 

Large  pkg.  $1.  Trial  pkg.  50c. 

At  dealers’  or  mailed  postpaid. 


H.  W.  NAYLOR  CO. . .  MORRIS,  N.  Y. 

Dependable  Veterinary  Products' 


COWS  PRODUCING 


A  RE  you  worried  because  of 
udder  trouble,  breeding  trou¬ 
ble,  scours  in  calves  or  other 
ailments  incident  to  heavy  pro¬ 
duction  in  dairy  cows? 

Write  for  a  free  copy  of  THE 
CATTLE  SPECIALIST.  Tell  us 
about  your  difficulties.  You  will 
get  valuable  information  on  how 
to  keep  your  cows  producing.  ...  Write  today. 

DR.  DAVID  ROBERTS  VETERINARY  CO.  INC 
16)2  .  Grand  Avenue _ Waukesha,  Wis. 


FARMERS ! 

GET  THE  LATEST 

NEWS 

ON  THE  FARM  FRONT 

BY  UNITED  PRESS 
12:30  F*.  M.  DAILY 

Courtesy  Vosler  Potato  Brusher. 

Tune  WBTA  First 

DIAL  1490 


BIG  AUCTION 
ANNOUNCEMENT 

300  Heoatd  CATTLE 

COMPLETE  DISPERSAL 
Langdonhurst  Farms  Herd 

IN  THE  VILLAGE  OF 

Copake,  Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y. 

50  miles  south  of  Albany,  N.  Y„  16  miles  west  of 
Great  Barrington,  Mass.,  70  miles  west  of 
Hartford,  Conn. 

December  28-115  Registered  Holsteins 
December  29- 110  Registered  Holsteins 

December  30-  75  purebred  Ayrshires  to¬ 
gether  with  horses  and  farm  machinery. 

Everything  sold  under  cover.  Entire  herd  T.B. 
Accredited,  Bang  Vaccinated,  and  Blood  Tested. 

WATCH  FOR  MORE  DETAILS. 

R.  AUSTIN  BACKUS, 

Sales  Manager  &  Auctioneer, 
MEXICO,  NEW  YORK 


H.  E.  Thomas,  R-4,  Belmont,  N.  Y. 


ROY  C.  ALBRIGHT  ESTATE 

NEWFIELD,  TOMPKINS  CO.,  N.  Y. 


All  real  and  personal  property  to  be  sold  at  public 
auction  under  cover  at  the  farm  near  Newfield 
Station,  6  miles  south  of  Ithaca  on  Route  34. 


December  22: 


3  FARMS;  158,  121  AND 
103  ACRES  EACH, 


good  land,  good  location.  12  draft  horses,  young 
and  sound.  ALL  FARM  EQUIPMENT.  Many  items 
— some  nearly  new.  200  TONS  CORN  SILAGE, 
1,000  BU.  OATS.  A  few  antiques. 


December  23: 


80  HEAD  REGISTERED 
HOLSTEIN  CATTLE, 
all  under  five  years.  Accredited  and  Negative. 
D.H.I.A.  Testing  for  ten  years.  40  fresh  or  due 
before  Spring.  Young  stock  vaccinated  and  well 
grown.  2  very  well  bred  bulls. 

Lunch  Served.  Terms:  Cash. 


COLONEL  GEO.  W.  BAXTER,  Auctioneer. 
Elmira,  N.  Y. 

MRS.  JESSE  P.  ALBRIGHT,  Administratrix. 


SWINE 


Walter  Lux,  Tel.  0086,  Woburn,  Mass. 

CHESTER  &  YORKSHIRE  CROSS,  BERKSHIRE  & 
CHESTER  CROSS  PIGS. 

6  to  7  weeks  old,  $6.50  each;  8  to  10  weeks  old,  $7.0f 
each:  10  to  12  weeks  old,  $8.00  each.  All  large  type 
stock.  Ship  2  or  more  C.O.D.  Check  or  money  order. 
If  they  please  you  keep  them,  if  not  return  them. 


(678)  16 


American  Agriculturist,  December  19,  1942 


Modernize 
for  keeps  with 

CONCRETE 


FREE 

booklet 
shows  how 
to  design 
and  buildcon-' 
crete  floors, 
foundations 
driveways,  mi 
houses,  steps, 
veil  curbs,  etc. 


DO  your  repairing  and  mod¬ 
ernizing  this  year  with 
concrete — and  know  that  it’s  done 
for  good.  Cheap,  temporary 
repairs  are  costly  in  the  end.  Con¬ 
crete  costs  so  little,  is  firesafe,  and 
endures  with  little  if  any  mainte¬ 
nance  expense.  Fine  looking,  too; 
A  million  farmers  have  been 
helped  by  the  booklet,  " Perma¬ 
nent  Farm  Repairs.  ”  W rite  for  your 
free  copy  of  latest  edition  today; 

(Paste  on  penny  postal  and  mail) 

PORTLAND  CEMENT  ASSOCIATION 

Dept  K12e-1. 347  Madison  Ave.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Please  send  free  booklet,  "Permanent 
Farm  Repairs.” 

Name _ 

P.O. - R.R,No. - 


State- 


New  Varieties  of  Field 
Crops  and  Legumes 


Four  new  field  crops  deserve  the  at¬ 
tention  of  New  York  State  farmers. 
They  are  Wong  barley,  hybrid  No.  595 
wheat,  Cornell  34-53  corn,  and  Cornell 
29-5  com. 

Wong  barley  is  the  first  variety  of 
winter  barley  considered  good  enough 
for  seed  certification.  It  yields  well,  is 
resistant  to  mildew  and  smut,  and  has 
a  stiff  straw.  2,500  acres  of  Wong  were 
sown  this  fall,  and  most  of  it  will  be 
used  for  seed  next  year. 

Hybrid  No.  595  wheat  has  been  out- 
yielding  Yorkwin,  has  a  stiff  straw,  and 
is  more  resistant  to  loose  smut  than 
Yorkwin.  It  is  a  good  milling  wheat. 
200  acres  were  sown  this  fall,  which 
should  give  seed  enough  for  5,000  acres 
next  year. 

Cornell  34-53  com  ripens  for  husking 
in  an  ordinary  growing  season,  and  is 
good  for  silage  in  areas  of  short  grow¬ 
ing  seasons. 

Cornell  29-5  is  a  silage  com  that  will 
yield  heavier  than  29-3  in  areas  with 
long  growing  seasons. 


New  Legumes 

Trial  plantings  of  ladino  clover  and 
birdsfoot  trefoil  have  shown  value  in 
this,  their  second  year  after  planting, 
in  125  demonstration  areas  of  New 
York  State. 

Ladino  clover  is  ready  to  cut  before 
clover,  alfalfa  and  timothy,  while  the 
*birdsfoot  trefoil  matures  late,  and  can 
be  cut  after  clover  and  alfalfa  have 
been  harvested  and  still  make  good 
quality  hay,  says  Prof.  E.  Van  Alstine 
of  the  New  York  State  College  of  Agri¬ 
culture.  These  two  crops  enable  a  farm¬ 
er  to  do  his  haying  over  a  longer  per¬ 
iod  of  time,  without  the  need  for  so 


Thru  its  50,000  watt,  clear  channel 
system  of  broadcasting 


is  privileged  to  bring  you  11  of  the 
top  15  programs  on  the  air.  This 
fact  is  based  on  a  recent  survey 
by  RADIO  DAILY  covering 
audience  preference  of  programs. 

WHAM’S  network  affiliations  are  the 
NATIONAL  BROADCASTING  CO. 
and  THE  BLUE  NETWORK,  INC. 


For  the  finest  in  radio  reception 
and  programs ,  tune 


WHA 


1180  on  the  Dial 


Rochester,  N.  Y. 


many  workers  in  one  short  season. 

Most  of  the  seedings  of  trefoil  and 
ladino  clover  are  on  hill  lands  of  com¬ 
paratively  low  fertility,  in  southern  and 
west-central  New  York,  in  fields  near 
red,  and  alsike  clover  and  alfalfa,  for 
comparison.  Although  the  summer  of 
1941  was  very  dry,  most  of  the  seed¬ 
ings  were  successful,  and  are  growing 
well  after  their  second  season.  The 
first  year,  most  farmers  preferred  the 
quick-growing  ladino  clover  as  hay; 
this  year  more  of  the  farmers  prefer¬ 
red  the  birdsfoot  trefoil  for  hay. 

In  Delaware  and  Otsego  counties,  a 
survey  of  35  plantings  of  the  two  crops 
showed  that  they  may  be  valuable  to 
lowland  as  well  as  hill  farms,  to  im¬ 
prove  the  hay  crop.  Unless  they  are 
pastured  closely,  both  new  legumes 
should  last  for  a  long  period  of  years 
in  the  meadows,  without  reseeding. 

Birdsfoot  trefoil  cannot  be  pastured 
the  year  it  is  sown,  as  it  grows  so 
slowly  that  the  plants  may  be  killed 
by  pasturing.  Likewise,  it  cannot  be 
mixed  with  quick  growing  grasses  or 
clovers  in  a  seeding  mixture. 

— a.  a. — 

SEED  SUPPLY 

In  a  nutshell,  the  farm  crop  seed 
situation  for  the  coming  year  is  this: 
TIMOTHY — Supplies  are  plentiful,  and 
the  price  will  probably  be  lower  than 
last  year. 

ALSIKE  CLOVER — Supplies  are  plen¬ 
tiful,  and  the  price  will  be  somewhat 
above  that  of  last  year. 

MAMMOTH  CLOVER  —  Supplies  are 
short.  Price  will  be  considerably  above 
last  year. 

MEDIUM  CLOVER— The  seed  crop 
was  very  disappointing.  Supplies  are 
very  short,  and  price  will  be  consider¬ 
ably  above  last  year. 

ALFALFA  —  Supplies  of  GRIMM  al¬ 
falfa  are  very  short.  Seed  supplies  of 
NORTHERN  VARIEGATED  alfalfa 
are  better.  Supplies  of  NORTHERN 
COMMON  are  good,  and  supplies  of 
KANSAS  COMMON  are  plentiful.  Due 
to  the  shortage  of  Grimm  seed,  the 
prices  of  all  alfalfa  seed  will  be  con¬ 
siderably  above  last  year. 

GRAINS — Supplies  of  seed  OATS  and 
BARLEY  will  be  plentiful,  although 
the  appearance  of  the  seed  will  prob¬ 
ably  not  be  up  to  last  year.  The  sup¬ 
plies  of  all  varieties  of  seed  CORN 
seem  to  be  ample.  However,  due  to  the 
poor  weather  last  fall,  seed  growers 
will  have  to  do  more  than  the  usual 
amount  of  artificial  drying. 

— a.  a. — 

JUNIOR  VEGETABLE 
GROWERS  MEET 

The  National  Junior  Vegetable  Grow¬ 
ers  Association  met  at  Pittsburgh  De¬ 
cember  4  and  5,  and  registered  real 
growth.  Thirty-five  teams  were  there 
for  the  contests,  and  110  individuals 
took  part.  These  came  from  a  much 
wider  range  of  territory  than  any  time 
in  the  past,  three  southern  states  be¬ 
ing  represented. 

In  the  individual  contest  on  judging, 
identification  and  grading  of  vege¬ 
tables,  Duane  Johnson  of  Broome 
County,  N.  Y.,  took  first  place;  Herbert 
Schwab,  Wyoming  County,  N.  Y.,  was 
second,  but  his  score  did  not  count  be¬ 
cause  he  was  there  as  an  alternate; 
Robert  Clauson  of  Orange  County.,  N. 
Y.;  took  third;  and  nine  of  the  first 
twenty  were  from  New  York.  The 
scores  for  the  first  eight  winners  were 
so  close  that  a  flip  of  a  penny  or  the 
turn  of  a  potato  could  make  the  differ¬ 
ence. 

New  York  State  4-H  team,  consist¬ 


ing  of  Robert  Clauson,  Duane  Johnson 
and  George  Keller,  placed  first.  The 
New  York  Junior  Potato  and  Vege¬ 
table  Growers  Association  team  came 
second  and  Wayne  County  was  fifth. 

Lawrence  Bogart  of  Indiana  was 
elected  President  of  the  Junior  Vege¬ 
table  Growers  Association  and  Wilbur 
Justi  of  Ohio,  Vice-President.  Earl 
Parsons  of  Massachusetts  was  chosen 
Secretary.  On  the  Executive  Commit¬ 
tee  are  Louise  Mullen  of  New  York, 
Past  President;  Leland  Buck  of  Maine; 
and  Robert  Clauson  of  New  York. 

The  N.J.V.G.A.  announced  winners 
of  scholarships  provided  by  the  A  &  P 
Tea  Company.  The  national  award  of 
$500  went  to  Arthur  Doust  of  Ohio, 
Past  President  of  the  Association. 
Robert  Clauson  of  Orange  County,  N. 
Y.,  received  the  northeastern  regional 
award  of  $250. 

Awards  were  made  by  evaluating  the 
materials  submitted  to  the  commitee, 
including  a  report  of  a  project,  state¬ 
ment  on  school  work,  and  completion 
of  a  correspondence  course  in  the  mar¬ 
keting  of  vegetables.  Awards  are  to 
be  used  either  for  schooling  or  for 
equipment  and  supplies  for  use  in  vege¬ 
table  production  and  marketing. 

Northeastern  winners  of  $100  state 
scholarships  are:  Germaine  Seelye  of 
Wolcott,  New  York;  Herbert  Schwab, 
Johnsonburg,  New  York;  Kenneth  A. 
Cox,  Walworth,  New  York;  Earl  Par¬ 
sons,  Jr.,  Northhampton,  Massachu¬ 
setts;  Emerson  Hibbard,  North  Hadley, 
Massachusetts;  Judson  Seelye,  Wolcott, 
New  York;  Taylor  Steeves,  East  Wey¬ 
mouth,  Massachusetts;  Merton  Chouin- 
ard,  Hopkinton,  Massachusetts;  Ezra 
G.  Smith,  Winthrop,  Maine;  Leland 
Buck,  Jr.,  Harrison,  Maine;  Camille  A. 
Gardner,  Auburn,  Maine;  and  Harry 
Horowitz,  Hightstown,  New  Jersey. 

Germaine  Seelye  and  her  brother  ran 
the  home  farm  of  Wayne  County,  N.Y., 
muckland  this  summer  while  their  fath¬ 
er  was  disabled.  Germaine  had  over 
500  bushels  of  potatoes  per  acre  in 
1941  on  an  8-acre  plot. — Paul  Work. 

— a.  a. — 

IN.  Y.  BEAN  GROWERS 
FILE  PROTEST 

Acting  for  New  York  State  bean 
growers,  the  New  York  State  Farm 
Bureau  Federation  has  made  a  protest 
to  the  Office  of  Price  Administration 
about  the  ceiling  prices  on  beans.  The 
sorest  spot  is  the  ceiling  price  on  red 
kidney  beans,  which  is  $5.60  a  hundred. 
This  is  all  the  country  buyer  can 
charge,  and  the  result  is  that  farmers 
have  been  getting  around  $4.50. 

The  protest  points  out :  first,  that 
the  price  ceiling  for  red  kidney  beans 
is  only  about  %  of  parity;  second,  that 
the  price  is  about  the  same  as  for  pea 
beans,  whereas  for  years  red  kidneys 
have  brought  a  considerable  premium 
over  pea  beans;  third,  that  the  ceiling 
price  is  less  than  the  highest  price 
between  January  1  and  September  15 
this  year,  which  the  Federation  claims 
is  contrary  to  the  law. 

There  was  a  considerable  cut  in  the 
New  York  State  red  kidney  bean  acre¬ 
age  this  past  year,  and  unless  the  ceil¬ 
ing  is  raised,  there  will  certainly  be  a 
further  cut  in  1943.  It  is  easy  to  say, 
“Let  the  farmer  raise  other  varieties!” 
but  there  is  a  big  area  in  New  York 
State  unsuited  to  the  growing  of  white 
beans  where  red  kidneys  can  be  grown 
successfully. 

— a.  a. — 

Need  something  to  help  you  forget 
the  war  and  your  other  troubles? 
Then  order  a  copy  of  that  new  book 
“Growing  Up  in  the  Horse  and  Buggy 
Days”,  written  by  Dean  C.  E.  Ladd 
and  Editor  E.  R.  Eastman,  and  be 
transported  back  to  a  time  when  there 
were  plenty  of  problems  but  life  was 
simpler  and  in  many  ways  much  hap¬ 
pier.  Address  American  Agriculturist, 
Department  DB,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


A-i  \erican  Agriculturist,  December  19,  1942 


IT  (679) 


LIME  SULPHUR 

Is  freezing-  injurious  to  lime  sulphur 
used  to  spray  fruit  trees? 

Some  tests  made  in  New  England 
show  that  crystals  begin  to  show  on 
the  surface  of  the  lime  sulphur  at  a 
temperature  of  from  10  to  15  degrees 
F.,  and  at  about  5  degrees  the  lime 
sulphur  becomes  a  mass  of  crystals, 
some  of  ice  and  some  of  a  sulphur 
compound. 

From  these  tests,  it  appears  that 
lime  sulphur  will  freeze  enough  to  put 
considerable  pressure  on  the  container 
which  might  result  in  some  leakage. 
When  the  solution  tested  was  thawed 
out,  it  seemed  to  go  back  to  its  original 
state  except  for  a  few  sulphur  crystals 
around  the  edge  of  the  container.  How¬ 
ever,  it  seems  that  the  safe  way  is  to 
store  any  unused  lime  sulphur  where 
the  temperature  will  not  go  much  be¬ 
low  freezing. 

— a.  a. — 

EXERCISE 

What  is  the  best  way  to  induce  breed¬ 
ing  sows  to  exercise  during  the  winter? 

Brood  sows  should  not  only  be  al¬ 
lowed  outdoors  in  the  winter,  but 
should  be  encouraged  to  get  out. 
An  excellent  way  to  do  it  is  to  put  the 
feed  troughs  from  75  to  100  yards 
from  the  house,  with  a  rack  containing 
good  hay  (alfalfa  if  you  have  it)  about 
half-way  between  the  pig  trough  and 
the  hog  house. 

— a.  a.  — 

DOCKING  LAMBS 

When  is  the  best  stage  for  docking 
lambs? 

The  best  tpe  is  from  7  to  14  days  of 
age.  The  cut  is  made  about  an  inch 
from  the  body  as  measured  on  the  un¬ 
der  side  of  the  tail. 

— a.  a. — 

TEETH 

I  have  a  horse  that  slobbers  when  he  is 
eating.  How  can  I  tell  whether  or  not  it 
is  his  teeth  that  are  causing  this  trouble? 

When  a  horse’s  teeth  become  worn 
to  a  sharp  edge  along  the  inside  of 
the  lower  molars  and  the  outside  of  the 
upper  molars,  you  can  readily  feel  this 
by  running  your  fingers  around  his 
teeth.  If  they  are  sharp,  they  should 
be  rasped  down.  Otherwise  they  make 
the  tongue  and  cheeks  sore,  and  the 
horse  will  not  eat  properly. 

—  a.  a. — 

SOLDIER  RIJGS 

Last  summer  we  found  an  insect  that 
appeared  to  be  feeding  on  Colorado  po¬ 
tato  beetles.  It  was  black  with  a  red 
bell-shaped  spot  on  its  back  and  with  a 
long  beak.  Could  you  identify  this  for  us? 

The  insect  referred  to  is  popularly 


known  as  a  soldier  bug.  It  feeds  on 
other  soft-bodied  insects  such  as  cater¬ 
pillars,  different  kinds  of  worms,  and 
the  slugs  of  the  Colorado  potato  beetle. 
It  does  this  by  inserting  its  beak  into 
the  body  of  the  insect  and  withdrawing 
through  the  beak  much  of  the  blood 
of  the  specimen  attacked.  It  is  regard¬ 
ed  as  beneficial,  but  unfortunately 
these  soldier  bugs  never  seem  to  be 
present  in  very  great  numbers  and  can¬ 
not  be  relied  on  to  hold  such  a  pest 
as  the  Colorado  potato  beetle  under 
natural  control.- — R.  W.  Leiby. 

— a.  a. — 

GOATS 

Can  satisfactory  butter  be  made  from 
goat’s  milk?  What  is  the  gestation  period 
of  goats? 

Goat’s  milk  will  make  good  butter, 
the  chief  disadvantage  being  that  it  is 
practically  colorless.  This,  of  course, 
can  be  overcome  by  the  use  of  butter 
coloring. 

The  gestation  period  of  goats  is  from 
145  to  155  days. 

— a.  a. — 

PIG  SANITATION 

What  is  the  program  often  advised  for 
raising  pigs  free  of  intestinal  parasites? 

The  first  step  is  to  scrub  the  farrow¬ 
ing  pen  with  hot  water  and  lye.  This 
destroys  worm  eggs.  Second,  sows  are 
put  in  clean  pens  a  few  days  before 
farrowing;  and  before  they  are  put  in, 
any  mud  and  dirt  on  their  skins  is 
thoroughly  washed  off  with  soap  and 
warm  water.  This  removes  dirt  which 
may  contain  worm  eggs. 

Third,  after  the  pigs  have  farrowed, 
they  are  not  allowed  out  of  the  pen 
until  they  are  hauled  to  pasture. 
Fourth,  this  pasture  should  be  on  clean 
ground  that  has  been  plowed  since  hogs 
have  been  on  it,  and  preferably  should 
be  an  area  on  which  a  legume  is  grow¬ 
ing.  Fifth,  these  pigs  are  not  allowed 
to  run  with  other  hogs,  and  other  hogs 
are  kept  out  of  this  pasture. 

r 

—  A.  A. — 

PRUNE  EARLY 

H.  A.  Rollins  of  the  Connecticut  Col¬ 
lege  of  Agriculture  suggests  that  many 
fruit  growers  will  start  pruning  earlier 
than  normal.  In  this  way  they  will 
spread  the  work  over  the  winter  with 
less  probability  that  spring  will  catch 
them  with  some  pruning  undone.  He 
points  out,  though,  that  Baldwin  trees 
that  produced  heavily  in  1933  and  that 
were  pruned  before  the  extreme  cold  of 
January,  1934,  suffered  more  weather 
injury  than  those  that  were  not  prun¬ 
ed  until  after  the  freezing.  Of  course, 
all  of  us  hope  that  that  freeze  won’t 
be  repeated  this  year,  but  it  is  some¬ 
thing  to  keep  in  mind. 


FOR 
C  tAS!r 
U5 fOOR 


o 

,  |  OWN'S 


SCE-THRU 

PLATE  Ql^S  CO. 


“ Put  in  a  new  windshield,  and  while  you’re  at  it,  you’d  better  remove  my 

wife  from  the  old  one!” 


.^AMERICAN 

^AGRICULTURIST 


”SWAPS”:  THB  allis-chalm- 

mJm—mmmnm—mmJii  ERS  MANUFACTUR¬ 
ING  COMPANY,  Department  34,  Tractor 
Division,  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  is  per¬ 
forming  a  real  service  to  owners  of  farm 
machinery.  They  are  helping  to  locate 
needed  used  machinery  and  to  dispose  of 
unneeded  machinery  to  someone  who  can 
make  full  use  of  it.  If  you  have  a  used 
machine  to  sell  or  wish  to  buy  one,  fill  in 
the  coupon  which  appears  in  the  Allis- 
Chalmers  advertisement  on  page  13  of 
the  December  5  issue  of  American  Agri¬ 
culturist. 

CONCRETING  IN  winter:  it 

is  entirely  prac¬ 
tical  to  build  with  concrete  in  cold  weath¬ 
er.  If  you  have  concreting  that  needs  to 
be  done,  write  PORTLAND  CEMENT 
ASSOCIATION,  Department  K-12a-l,  347 
Madison  Avenue,  New  York  City,  and  ask 
them  to  send  you  their  book  giving  cold 
weather  concreting  instructions. 

CURED  MEAT:  With  Justifiable 

■ansBBBMEBMBMi  pride,  the  MOR¬ 
TON  SALT  COMPANY,  Chicago,  Illinois, 
call  their  booklet  “Home  Meat  Curing’’, 
the  finest  home  curing  book  ever  publish¬ 
ed.  It  has  a  hundred  pages  with  more 
than  two  hundred  pictures,  charts  and 
diagrams,  with  complete  instructions  on 
butchering  and  curing  meat.  It  will  be 
sent  postpaid  on  receipt  of  10c. 

RAISING  CHICKS:  Before  y°u 

know  it,  it 

will  be  time  to  order  baby  chicks,  one  of 
the  most  important  jobs  of  the  year  for 
poultrymen.  KERR  CHICKERIES,  21 
Railroad  Avenue,  Frenchtown,  New  Jer¬ 
sey,  will  be  glad  to  send  on  request  their 
“Poultry  Raisers’  Guide”  and  price  list, 
including  their  advanced  order  discount 
offer. 

All  hatcheries  advertising  in  American 
Agriculturist  are  glad  to  send  catalogs. 
When  you  write,  use  the  address  exactly 
as  it  appears  in  American  Agriculturist. 
The  advertisement  contains  a  key  num¬ 
ber  which  tells  the  hatchery  that  you 
saw  their  ad  in  American  Agriculturist. 


QUILTS: 


.  A  few  extra  quilts  will  go 
a  long  way  toward  mak¬ 
ing  fuel  shortages  less  trying.  For  pat¬ 
terns,  try  the  LOCKPORT  COTTON 
BATTING  COMPANY,  Lockport,  New 
York.  For  35c  they  will  send  you  the 
pattern  illustrated  in  their  advertisement 
on  page  20  of  the  December  5  issue  cf 
American  Agriculturist,  and  will  include 
a  catalog  with  ten  quilt  designs  and  one 
hundred  and  five  quilting  patterns. 


BOOTS:  Like  all  commercial  con- 
. . cerns,  MISHAWAKA  RUB¬ 
BER  AND  WOOLEN  MANUFACTUR¬ 
ING  COMPANY,  473  Water  St.,  Misha¬ 
waka,  Indiana,  is  doing  its  part  to  con¬ 
serve  materials  needed  for  war.  For  ex¬ 
ample,  in  their  advertisement  in  the  De¬ 
cember  5  issue  of  American  Agricultur¬ 
ist,  they  give  some  excellent  rules  for 
getting  the  best  possible  service  from 
rubber'  footwear.  If  you  missed  these 
rules,  look  them  up  and  read  them. 

DRUGS’’:  Every  dairyman  knows 
that  bacteria  spoil  milk. 
He  knows,  too,  that  cleanliness  and  re¬ 
frigeration  are  the  two  weapons  that 
keep  bacteria  down.  The  more  a  dairy¬ 
man  knows  about  bacteria  in  milk,  the 
better  he  can  control  them.  A  good  way 
to  know  more  about  them  is  to  read  “The 
Problem  of  Bacteria  in  Milk”,  a  little 
booklet  recently  published  by  the  PENN¬ 
SYLVANIA  SALT  MANUFACTURING 
COMPANY,  1000  Widener  Building,  Phila¬ 
delphia,  Pa.  Just  drop  them  a  post  card, 
and  they  will  be  glad  to  send  it  to  you. 

THE  RECORD:  “The  story  of  the 

Year”,  published 
by  the  DAIRYMEN’S  LEAGUE  CO¬ 
OPERATIVE  ASSOCIATION,  11  West 
42nd  Street,  New  York  City,  gives  a  com¬ 
plete  picture  of  League  operations.  For 
example,  for  the  fiscal  year  1941-1942,  i% 


more  milk  was  handled  for  its  members 
than  in  the  previous  year ;  while  dollar 
returns  increased  23.2%.  One  of  the  most 
interesting  portions  of  the  book  tells  of 
the  vast  amount  of  incidental  work  done 
by  the  Association  in  the  interest  of  its 
members  and  of  the  entire  dairy  indus¬ 
try.  It  is  a  book  you  will  enjoy  reading. 

COW  HEALTH:  “Home  Aids  t0 

Cow  Health”  is 
the  title  of  a  booklet  available  from 
DAIRY  ASSOCIATION  COMPANY,  INC., 
Dept.  12,  Lyndonville,  Vermont.  There 
is  no  charge.  Just  drop  a  post  card,  and 
it  will  come  to  you  by  return  mail. 

ARMY;  THE  new  idea  spread- 

ER  COMPANY,  Coldwater, 
Ohio,  have  just  printed  in  color  a  folder 
which  they  call  “They  Rank.”  It  gives 
the  service  insignia  of  the  U.  S.  Army, 
Navy,  and  Marine  Corps.  You  can  get 
one  from  your  local  New  Idea  dealer,  or 
by  writing  direct  to  the  company. 

LAYERS:  Ralph  Moseley  of  VITA- 

"  VIM  MILLERS,  Buffalo, 

New  York,  has  purchased  a  pen  of  Rhode 
Island  Reds  that  made  a  world’s  record 
at  the  Pennsylvania  Egg  Laying  Test 
at  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania.  The  pen 
was  owned  by  Crooks  Farm,  North 
Brookfield,  Mass. ;  and  produced  3,836  eggs 
for  4,089.7  points.  The  high  bird  in  the 
pen  laid  331  eggs  and  earned  361.5  points. 
The  price  of  the  pen  was  $1,000. 

Mr.  Moseley  also  bought  the  high  White 
Leghorn  pen  in  all  U.  S.  laying  tests  from 
Monroe  Babcock  of  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Four 
birds  in  this  pen  laid  over  300  eggs  each. 

UNUSUAL:  T  H  E  northwest- 

ERN  YEAST  COM¬ 
PANY,  1750  North  Ashland  Avenue,  Chi¬ 
cago,  Illinois,  is  making  an  unusual  guar¬ 
antee.  Here  it  is :  They  offer  to  pay  the 
cost  of  all  of  the  ingredients  used  if  the 
rolls  or  bread  you  make  with  new  im¬ 
proved  yeast  foam  are  not  the  best  you 
ever  tasted.  You  will  find  details  of  their 
guarantee  on  page  19  of  the  December  5 
American  Agriculturist. 


Occasionally  the  question  is  asked  if 
ihe  Hinman  Standard  Low-Vacuum  Milk¬ 
er  will  stay  on  cows  with  short  teats 
without  being  tied  on.  The  above  picture 
shows  a  Hinman  Standard  Low-Vacuum 
Milker,  milking  sheep  on  the  farm  of 
Angelo  Georgodin  at  Newburgh,  N.  Y. 

Mr.  Georgodin  has  milked  his  sheep 
and  goats  with  the  Hinman  for  many 
months  and  makes  a  special  cheese  from 
a  mixture  of  sheep  and  goat  milk.  Thou¬ 
sands  of  Hinman  users  who  milk  Jersey 
cows  can  testify  as  to  the  ability  of  the 
Hinman  to  stay  on  cows  with  short  teats. 
A  trial  will  convince  the  most  skeptical. 


(680)  IS 


Ar  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  19,  1942 


RECIPES 

and  GAMES 


G  UR  G  R  E  A  T-GRANDMOTHERS 
considered  mincemeat  an  important 
ir  part  of  their  winter  food.  They  made 
'  huge  crocks  and  cans  of  it,  stored  it, 
made  pies  ahead  of  time  for  the  holi¬ 
day  season,  feeling  that  the  pies  improved  by 
“standing”.  Many  a  time,  as  a  child,  did  I  come 
upon  a  row  of  carefully  covered  mince  pies  in 
my  grandmother’s  attic,  and  long  to  sample 
them. 

Today,  with  many  homemakers  whose  time  is 
taken  with  extra  work  because  of  the  war,  can¬ 
ned  mincemeat  is  used  in  place  of  home-made, 
but  many  cooks  still  like'  to  make  their  own. 
Whichever  type  of  the  delicious  substance  you 
use,  here  are  a  couple  of  tried-and-true  recipes 
that  you’ll  like.  They’re  grand  for  family  con¬ 
sumption  any  time  during  the  long  winter 
months,  and  they’re  perfect  for  Christmas  gifts. 


Nothing  makes  a  more  appreciated  gift  than 
home-baked  food,  to  the  women  or  girls  so  busy 
with  office  or  war  work  that  they  have  no  time 
to  bake.  And  as  to  what  the  lads  in  the  service 
think  of  such  goodies.  .  .  everyone  knows  their 
reaction! 

Mincemeat  Fudge  Squares 

1  7-oz.  package  semi-sweet  %  cup  sifted  cake  flour 
chocolate  y2  teaspoon  baking  powder 

y3  cup  shortening  %  teaspoon  salt 

2  eggs  y2  cup  mincemeat 

6  tablespoons  strained  1  teaspoon  vanilla 

honey  y2  cup  chopped  nuts 

Served  with  milk,  coffee  or  tea,  mincemeat  fudge 
squares,  pictured  above,  are  a  great  success.  They 
are  excellent  for  the  school  lunch,  too,  since  they 
stay  moist. 

Melt  chocolate  and  shortening  over  hot  water. 
Cool.  Beat  eggs  until  light  and  foamy,  and  gradually 
add  honey,  then  flour,  baking-powder  and  salt,  sift¬ 


ed  3  times;  mix  in  the  chocolate,  then  add  vanilla, 
mincemeat  and  nuts.-  Pour  into  greased,  wax-paper- 
lined  pan  (8x10)  and  bake  in  moderate  oven 
(375°  F.)  for  25  minutes,  or  until  done. 

Mincemeat:  Fruit  Cake 

2%  cups  sifted  all-purpose  1  cup  seedless  raisins 
flour  1  cup  chopped  nutmeats 

1 %  teaspoons  baking  powder  %  cup  sugar 
y2  teaspoon  salt  %  cup  honey 

y2  teaspoon  soda  %  cup  melted  shortening 

1  pound  (2  cups)  mince-  1  teaspoon  vanilla 
meat  2  eggs 

Sift  flour,  baking  powder,  salt  and  soda.  Mix  well 
the  mincemeat,  raisins,  nuts,  honey,  sugar,  butter, 
vanilla.  Add  eggs  one  at  a  time;  beat  hard  after 
each  addition.  Fold  in  sifted  dry  ingredients,  pour 
into  lightly  greased  tube  cake  pan  which  has  been 
lined  with  waxed  paper.  Bake  in  slow  oven  (325°  F.) 
for  iy2  hours.  Remove  from  pan  to  cake  rack  at 
once.  Glaze  top  of  cake  with  honey. 


★  *  CHRISTMAS  GAMES  ★  ★ 


AFTER  the  “Big  Dinner”  on  Christmas,  every¬ 
one — even  in  these  food-rationing  days — feels 
stuffy.  And  so  a  few  jolly  games  are  good 
for  them  and  will  make  them  feel  better  for 
the  activity  involved.  Let  the  first  game  be  an  ac¬ 
tive  one,  even  if  the  family  includes  grandma  and 
grandpa;  youngsters  thoroughly  enjoy  seeing  the 
oldsters  enter  into  their  fun. 

Catch  Santa 

Play  this  game  very  much  as  “Drop  the  Hand¬ 
kerchief”  is  played,  with  the  person  who  is  chosen 
as  “It”  or  ’’Santa”  wearing  a  Santa  Claus  hat,  or 
something  typical  of  the  jolly  old  gentleman.  He 
will  go  around  behind  the  circle  of  people,  drop  a 
small  Christmas  box  behind  one  and  then  try  to 
get  around  the  circle  and  into  the  person’s  place 
before  he  (Santa)  is  caught.  If  he  does  this,  he 
puts  his  hat  on  the  person  who  failed  to  catch  him, 
and — as  Santa — this  one  takes  the  box  and  drops  it 
behind  one  of  the  other  players. 

Christmas  Jig-Saws 

This  is  a  game  that  the  young  people  of  the  family 
can  have  fun  preparing  before  the  holidays.  Select 
colorful  Christmas  pictures  such  as  appear  in  many 
of  the  magazines  at  holiday  time,  on  covers  and  in 
advertisements.  Paste  the  pictures  on  thin  card¬ 
board,  then  cut  each  one  into  the  same  number  of 
pieces,  very  much  as  jig-saw  puzzles  are  cut.  Give 
each  group  of  four  a  puzzle,  and  allow  them  to  race, 
giving  a  war  stamp  as  a  prize  to  the  group  get¬ 
ting  their  puzzle  together  ahead  of  the  others.  After 


receiving  the  stamp,  let  the  members  of  the  group 
“cut”  or  draw  straws  to  see  which  individual  of  the 
group  gets  it  for  his  or  hqr  stamp  book. 

Relative  Race 

Since  the  folks  around  the  Christmas  dinner  table 
are  almost  always  relatives,  here’s  a  Santa  Claus 
“relative  race”.  Give  each  player  a  sheet  of  paper 
and  a  pencil,  and  allow  a  time  limit  (  about  ten  min¬ 
utes)  when  all  papers  will  be  collected.  Give  a  war 
stamp  book  with  one  stamp  in  it  as  a  starter  for  a 
prize  to  the  one  who  knows  the  most  answers,  and 


1 


<7'ummin(f,  the  c7iee  ] 


I 

i 

i 

§ 


l 


By  EDITH  SHAW  BUTLER 

Bring  in  the  Christmas  tree,  bring  it  in  now. 
Hang  a  star  in  its  topmost  bough. 

Thread  it  with  silver  and  thread  it  with  gold, 
All  that  its  sturdy  green  branches  will  hold. 

Bubbles  of  scarlet  and  bubbles  of  green, 
The  gayest,  the  brightest  that  ever  were 

seen. 

See  how  the  soft-yellow  candlelight  falls 
On  the  cranberry  strings  and  the  popcorn 
balls. 

And  when  all  is  done,  let’s  say  a  prayer 
For  folks  trimming  Christmas  trees  every¬ 
where. 


make  the  one  who  knows  the  least  stand  before  the 
rest  and  sing  “Any  Bonds  Tot  lay?”  Here  are  the 
questions  and  answers:  What  relationship  to  Santa 
Claus  is:  (1)  His  grandmother’s  brother?  (2)  His 
sister’s  sister?  (3)  His  son's  mother'?  (4)  His  broth¬ 
er-in-law’s  wife’s  grandmother?  (5)  His  sister’s 
son’s  brother’s  mother?  (6)  His  mother’s  niece’s 
son’s  son?  (7)  His  brother’s  father’s  stepson’s  mo¬ 
ther?  (8)  His  sister’s  son’s  father?  (9)  His  moth¬ 
er’s  father’s  mother’s  mother?  (10)  His  wife’s 
daughter’s  daughter? 

ANSWERS:  1.  Great-uncle;  2.  Sister;  3.  Wife;  4. 
Grandmother;  5.  Sister;  6.  Third  Cousin;  7.  Step¬ 
mother;  8.  Brother-in-law;  9.  Great-great-grand- 
mother;  10.  Granddaughter. 

A  Simple  Quiz 

1.  Is  Yorkshire  pudding  a  dessert  or  an  entree? 

2.  On  which  coast  of  South  America  is  Peru? 

3.  What  is  Egypt’s  national  emblem? 

4.  Do  Americans  enjoy  croziers  for  tea? 

5.  Who  invented  spectacles  ? 

6.  How  often  is  the  design  of  U.  S.  coins  changed? 

7.  What  is  the  motto  of  the  United  States? 

8.  How  many  United  States  senators  are  there? 

9.  Who  wrote  “God  Bless  America”? 

10.  What  is  the  “American  bird”  ? 

ANSWERS:  1.  Entree;  2.  West;  3,  Lotus;  4.  No. 
They  are  crosses  worn  by  bishops;  5.  Roger  Bacon; 
6.  Every  25  years  by  law;  7.  E.  Pluribus  Unuin; 
8.  96 — 2  for  each  state;  9.  Irving  Berlin;  10.  Eagle. 

Give  small  American  flag  to  person  having  all 
the  right  answers. 


A i  terican  Agriculturist,  December  19,  1942 


MOTHER  AND  CHILD 

By  Edith  Shaw  Butler. 


Long  years  ago  the  cattle  knelt 
At  the  midnight  hour  we  are  told, 

And  shepherds  came,  and  wisemen 
brought 

Strange  gifts  of  frankincense  and  gold. 


cream  sauce.  Cover  with  mashed  po¬ 
tatoes  and  bake  15  minutes  in  400°  P. 
oven. 

Potato  Patties 

Mix  leftover  mashed  potatoes  with 
a  bit  of  sour  cream  to  moisten;  add  a 
dash  of  mace  and  form  into  flat  cakes. 
Dip  in  beaten  egg  and  saute  in  hot  fat. 
Serve  with  catsup. 

Savory  Creamed  Potatoes 

3  cups  diced  cold  boiled  14  cup  grated  cheese 

potatoes  I  tablespoon  butter 

2  cups  medium  white  sauce  (4  teaspoon  paprika 

Heat  potatoes  and  butter  in  the 
white  sauce,  add  cheese,  paprika  and 
salt  and  pepper  to  taste. 

Heavenly  Hash 

4  cups  cubed  cooked  potatoes  2  chopped  onions 

3  cups  cubed  cooked  meat  2  teaspoons  salt 

3  tablespoons  fat  Dash  of  pepper 

Fry  onion  golden  brown  in  fat,  add 
potato,  meat  and  seasonings.  Toss 


lightly  until  well  heated  through.  Vary 
this  by  adding  about  1  cup  leftover 
vegetables,  peas,  corn,  carrots  or  a 
mixture  of  these.  This  is  a  light  fluffy 
hash,  much  better  than  the  soggy  sort. 

Saving  Soup 

6  medium  diced  potatoes  5  diced  carrots 
3  large  onions  14  cup  butter  or  savory  fat 

Cook  vegetables  until  tender  in 
liquor  saved  from  cooking  meat  or 
vegetables,  add  salt  and  pepper  to 
taste  and  butter.  Serve  with  croutons. 

Medley  Loaf 

1  cup  each  cooked  peas,  2  beaten  eggs 

carrots  and  tomatoes  _  114  teaspoons  salt 

2  cups  mashed  potatoes  y  Dash  of  pepper 

I  teaspoon  onion  juice  6  slices  bacon 

I  cup  bread  crumbs 

Mix  vegetables,  eggs  and  seasonings. 
Turn  into  greased  loaf  pan,  top  with 
bread  crumbs  and  bacon  slices.  Bake 
at  375°  F.  until  mixture  is  firm  and 
bacon  crisp. 


Stay  Qood-  JlooJzituj, 


I  think  the  mother  must  have  smiled 
Upon  her  baby  sleeping  there; 

And  gently  wrapped  his  tiny  form. 

And  pressed  her  lips  against  his  hair. 

She  couldn’t  see  the  thorns,  the  cross; 
And  so  she  smiled  upon  his  sleep, 

There  in  the  manger  near  the  cows, 
There  in  the  stable  with  the  sheep. 

"PARTIFIED”  POTATOES 

By  “H.  R.” 

Perfect  Mashed  Potatoes 

9  medium  potatoes,  pared  3  tablespoons  butter 

cup  milk  Salt  and  pepper 

Cook  potatoes  in  boiling,  salted  water 
until  tender,  drain  thoroughly  at  once. 
Heat  milk  to  scalding  point-  in  sauce¬ 
pan  and  add  butter.  Mash  potatoes 
smooth,  add  milk  and  butter,  whipping 
until  light  and  fluffy.  Add  salt  and 
pepper  to  suit  individual  taste.  Mashed 
potatoes  should  be  as  fluffy,  white  and 
fine- textured  as  angel  food  cake! 
Calico  Potatoes 

I  recipe  of  Perfect  Mash-  14  cup  minced  sweet  pickle 
ed  Potatoes  I  tablespoon  chopped 

i/2  cup  minced  cooked  ham  pimento 

Mix  well  together;  serve  piping  hot 
in  vegetable  dish  garnished  by  a  circle 
of  hard  cooked  egg  slices. 

Sunday  Night  Salad 

3  cups  cooked  cubed  po-  I  cup  sliced,  cooked  frank- 
tatocs  furters 

I  cup  diced  crisp  celery  I  medium  minced  onion 
Mayonnaise  to  moisten 

Combine  ingredients  with  mayon¬ 
naise  to  moisten  well.  Serve  on  crisp 
lettuce  leaves,  garnish  generously  with 
hard-cooked  eggs  sliced  and  pickle 
fans. 

Surprise  Pie 

Line  casserole  with  well-seasoned 
mashed  potato;  fill  center  with  leftover 
cooked  meat,  which  has  been  chopped 
and  moistened  well  with  gravy  or 


No.  2036.  It  gives  such  a  fillip  to  your 
proper  pride  when  you  slip  into  a 
shapely  and  becoming  house  dress  like 
this.  Sizes  16  to  50.  Size  36,  4%  yards 
35-inch  fabric  with  y2  yard  contrasting 
and  iy2  yards  ruffling. 

No.  2623.  This  jumper,  smart  for  any 
figure,  is  also  nicely  adapted  to  ma¬ 
ternity  wear;  the  waistline  may  be 
merely  sashed,  or  made  with  inset  elas¬ 


tic.  Sizes  12  to  42.  Size  36  for  jumper, 

3  yards  39-inch  fabric;  and  for  blouse,  ! 
1%  yards  39-inch. 

No.  2635.  Such  a  pretty  and  easily- 
made  little  dress  for  tots  and  toddlers. 
Sizes  6  mos.  1,  2,  3  and  4  years.  Size 
2,  iy2  yards  35-inch  fabric  with  1  yard 
edging  for  the  square-necked  dress;  or 
1%  yards  binding  for  frock  with  collar. 

No.  3365.  Slim-waisted  basque  frock, 
with  soft  drapery  becomingly  placed, 
makes  this  an  ideal  date  frock.  Sizes 
10  to  44.  Size  36,  3  y2  yards  39-inch 
fabric. 

No.  3588.  Try  this  long-waisted  jumper 
frock  on  the  figure  of  that  fast-grow¬ 
ing  girl.  You’ll  be  pleased,  and  so  will 
she.  Sizes  6  to  14.  Size  8,  for  jumper,  % 
yard  35-inch  plain  with  1%  yards  con¬ 
trasting  fabric  (or  2  yards  of  one  fab¬ 
ric);  and  for  blouse,  1  y2  yards  35-inch 
fabric. 

No.  3303.  A  very  smart  looking  pajama. 
You  may  wear  it,  of  course,  with  the 
top  tucked  in,  but  the  butcher-boy 
style  is  very  snappy.  Sizes  12  to  40. 
Size  16,  5)4  yards  35-inch  fabric. 

TO  ORDER:  Write  name,  address,  pat¬ 
tern  size  and  number  clearly  and  en¬ 
close  15c.  Address  Pattern  Depart¬ 
ment,  American  Agriculturist,  10  North 
Cherry  Street,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

A  book  you  need:  Our  FALL-WIN¬ 
TER  FASHION  BOOK,  full  of  smart 
styles  with  selections  for  all  ages,  sizes 
and  occasions.  Price  12c;  or  send  25c 
for  a  Fashion  Book  AND  a  pattern  of 
your  own  choosing. 


WIN  ON  THE  # 

HOME  FRONT. 

No.  2  —  Keep  That  Cold  Away. 

1.  Sleep  and  rest  eight  hours  a  day. 

2.  Breathe  fresh,  clean  —  not  dry,  overheated 
air;  it  should  be  kept  moist  and  moving. 

3.  Exercise  out  of  doors;  sun  and  air  toughen  the  skin  and  make  it 
less  sensitive  to  cold. 

4.  Use  warm,  light  clothing  —  several  layers  rather  than  one  very 
heavy  layer;  then  take  off  a  layer  or  two  when  you  get  into  a 
warm  place. 

5.  If  you  get  wet,  change  to  dry  clothing  as  soon  as  possible. 

6.  Avoid  overeating. 

7.  Avoid  constipation. 

8.  Drink  a  quart  of  water  daily. 

9.  Eat  food  rich  in  vitamin  A  —  whole  mifk,  butter,  eggs,  cod  liver 
oil  and  colored  vegetables.  To  balance  the  diet  properly,  include 
whole  grain  cereals  and  bread,  simply  prepared  fruits  'or  fruit 
juices  and  a  serving  of  meat  (or  substitute)  daily. 


10.  Keep  away  from  people  who  have  celds. 


ID  ( 681 ) 


DO  THIS!  To  relieve  discomforts, 
one  of  the  best  things  you  can  do 
is  put  a  good  spoonful  of  home- 
tested  Vicks  VapoRub  in  a  bowl 
of  boiling  water. 

Then  feel  the  wonderful  relief 
come  as  you  breathe  in  the 
steaming  medicated  vapors  that 
penetrate  to  the  cold-congested 
upper  breathing  passages!  See 
how  this  soothes  irritation,  quiets 
coughing,  and  helps  clear  the 
head— bringing  grand  comfort. 


v: 


FOR  ADDED  RELIEF  .  .  .  rub  throat, 
chest  and  back  with  VapoRub  at 
bedtime.  Vicks  VapoRub  works 
for  hours— 2  ways  at  once— to  bring 
relief  from  distress.  Remember— 
it’s  Vicks  VapoRub  you  want. 


FALSE  TEETH 


AS  LOW  AS  $7.95 

Per  Plate,  DENTAL  PLATES 
are  made  in  our  own  laboratory 
from  your  personal  impression. 
Our  workmanship  and  material 
GUARANTEED  or  purchase  price  refunded.  We  take  this 
risk  on  our  60-day  trial  offer.  DO  NOT  SEND  ANY  MONEY! 
MAIL  POST  CARD  for  FREE  Material  and  Catalog  of  our 
LOW  PRICES.  DON’T  PUT  IT  OFF —Write  us  TODAY! 

BRIGHT  ON  -  THOMAS  DtNt  mL  LABORATORY 
Dept.  1499  6217  S.  Halstead  Street,  Chicago,  Hi. 


666  TABLETS.  SALVE.  NOSE  DROPS 


HOTEL  GREAT  NORTHERN 


I 


I  Centrally  located  in  midtown 
|  New  York.  Near  Radio  City, 
theatres,  fine  shops.  Large  com¬ 
fortable  and  attractive 
ROOM  AND  BATH  from... 

AAA  Hotel.  Garage  ad¬ 
joins  our  111  West  56th 
St.  entrance.  Folder  PeT  day. 
118  WEST  57th  ST..  NEW  YORK 


•  New  Davis  folder 
saves  your  sugar 
in  home  baking. 
Check  coupon  for 
folder,  FREE  —  or 
enclose  10c  for  the 
famous  Davis  Cook 
Book  and  folder. 


R.  B.  DAVIS  COMPANY 
13  Jackson  Street, 

Hoboken,  N.  J. 

□  Send  me  FREE,  new 
Davis  Folder  of  20  Sugar 
Saving  Recipes. 

□  Send  me  Davis  Mas¬ 
ter  Pattern  Baking  For¬ 
mulas,  and  new  Folder. 

I  enclose  10c.  (p/ease  prjnj  plainly ) 


Name. 


Street. 


City _ State -  j 


(682  )  20 


Ai  ierican  Agriculturist,  December  19,  1942 


The  1943  Farm  Front 


( Continued  from  Page  1) 


ery  will  be  produced  in  1943  qs  was 
manufactured  in  1941.  The  allotment 
of  raw  materials  for  repair  parts  is 
more  liberal — about  139%  of  the  aver¬ 
age  output  of  1940  and  1941.  Farm 
machinery  is  now  rationed;  and  if  you 
want  to  buy,  you  will  have  to  get  the 
approval  of  your  Machinery  Rationing 
Board.  The  Chairman  of  this  Board  is 
also  Chairman  of  your  County  Triple  A 
Committee. 

The  tire  situation  looks  a  little 
brighter  than  jt  did.  We  hear  on  good 
authority  that  the  number  of  used  tires 
turned  in  exceeded  expectations,  and 
there  has  been  assurance  that  some 
kind  of  tires  will  be  available  where 
they  are  essential  to  carry  on  the  war 
effort.  Certainly  that  includes  tires 
needed  for  food  production. 

Farm  Labor 

Least  encouraging  of  all  is  the  pros¬ 
pect  for  farm  help.  Secretary  Wickard 
reports  that  1,600,000  persons  left 
farms  this  past  year  and  that  if  an 
equal  number  should  leave  farms  in 
1943,  the  effect  would  be  so  serious  that 
the  country  might  not  be  able  to  supply 
the  United  Nations  with  sufficient  food 
to  carry  on.  About  half  those  leaving 
farms  have  taken  jobs  in  cities,  while 
well  over  half  a  million  have  entered 
the  armed  forces. 

While  talk  continues  about  a  ten- 
million — or  eleven-million-man  Army, 
serious  thought  is  being  given  to  how 
big  an  Army  we  can  equip  and  feed. 
It  takes  at  least  a  dozen  men  on  the 
Home  Front  to  keep  a  soldier  equipped 
and  fed. 

There  is  no  doubt  but  that  defer¬ 
ments  for  essential  farm  men  will  be 
easier  to  get  than  in  recent  months. 

Frozen  Labor 

No  longer  will  it  be  possible  for  a 
worker  on  a  poultry,  dairy  or  livestocK 
farm  to  enlist  in  the  armed  forces  with¬ 
out  the  consent  of  the  Local  Draft 
Board.  Furthermore,  industrial  plants 
are  being  instructed  not  to  hire  skilled 
farm  workers  who  are  engaged  in  these 
three  types  of  agriculture.  This  has 
been  referred  to '  frequently  in  the  pa¬ 
pers  as  “freezing”  farm  labor.  Farm¬ 
ers  are  not  altogether  overjoyed  over 
this  announcement,  believing  that  a 
dissatisfied  employee  is  likely  to  be  of 
little  help. 

The  next  needed  step  is  to  include 
fruit  and  vegetable  farms.  Just  as  much 
or  more  skill  is  needed,  and  fruit  and 
vegetables  are  quite  as  important  as 
are  milk,  meat  and  eggs. 

In  the  present  situation,  it  is  becom¬ 
ing  more  evident  each  day  that  a  skill¬ 
ed  farm  worker  can  serve  his  country 
best  by  giving  his  best  efforts  to  food 
production. 

On  the  other  hand,  even  if  every 
farmer  and  every  hired  man  is  deferred 
from  now  on,  there  will  still  be  a  short¬ 
age  of  farm  help.  The  shortage  will  be 
partially  met  in  several  different  ways. 
In  some  areas,  labor  camps  were  very 
helpful  last  fall.  They  will  be  continued 
and  expanded.  School  boys  and  girls 
did  excellent  work  in  many  areas  and 
on  certain  jobs,  and  they  can  be  used 
more  than  they  were  this  past  year. 

The  least  hopeful  plan  that  has  been 
proposed  is  to  train  city  workers  for 
farm  jobs.  Assuming  you  have  a  good 
man  to  start  with,  it  takes  at  least  a 
year  for  him  to  become  familiar  with 
all  the  work  on  any  farm. 

Credit 

Many  a  farmer  interested  in  produc¬ 
ing  the  highest  possible  amount  of  food 
is  tempted  to  borrow  more  money  than 
he  would  under  normal  conditions.  This 
is  not  the  year  to  “plunge.”  Borrow 
what  money  you  need  to  grow  the  food 
you  can  care  for.  If  you  are  in  debt, 
plan  to  reduce  your  obligations  to 


weather  a  possible  storm  after  the  war 
is  over.  Buy  Savings  Stamps  and 
Bonds  if  you  can  afford  them. 

What  To  Plan 

With  these  thoughts  in  mind,  how 
can  you  lay  out  your  plans  for  the 
coming  year?  First,  it  goes  without 
saying  that  the  total  production  of  food 
from  your  farm  should  be  the  largest 
amount  you  can  possibly  produce.  That 
does  not  mean  that  you  should  plant 
more  crops  than  you  can  possibly  care 
for.  After  appraising  your  probable 
supplies  of  labor  and  equipment,  de¬ 
cide  what  you  can  do  and  then  add  on 
5%  or  10%  for  good  measure. 

When  it  comes  to  machinery,  decide 
what  you  absolutely  need  in  the  way 
of  new  machinery,  and  then  apply  for 
it  to  your  Rationing  Board.  There  is  no 
certainty  that  you  can  get  it,  but  it  is 
worth  trying.  By  all  means,  take  the 
best  possible  care  of  what  machinery 


you  have;  get  it  under  cover  now; 
clean  it;  and  check  it  over.  Tighten  all 
bolts,  and  make  necessary  adjustments, 
ordering  now  any  repair  parts  needed 
to  put  it  in  working  shape. 

It  is  a  good  idea  to  get  what  fer¬ 
tilizer  you  are  going  to  need  right  on 
the  farm  well  in  advance  of  the  time 
you  will  need  it. 

If  you  are  going  to  need  help,  the 
sooner  you  get  it,  the  better  it  will  be. 
If  you  are  of  draft  age  and  have  been 
deferred,  or  if  you  have  hired  men  who 
have  been  deferred,  talk  with  your 
Draft  Board  at  least  three  weeks  be¬ 
fore  the  deferment  expires. 

When  you  are  trying  to  do  more 
work  than  there  is  time  for,  it  is  a 
great  help  to  know  what  to  neglect. 
For  example,  one  man  said:  “My  poul¬ 
try  houses  shoiild  be  cleaned,  but  I 
just  cannot  get  the  time  to  do  it.  The 
pens  are  dry,  and  so  long  as  they  stay 
that  way,  I  cannot  see  that  production 
will  be  in  any  way  harmed.” 

Even  before  this  war,  many  dairymen 
were  allowing  youngstock  and  dry  cows 
to  run  in  an  open  shed.  That  saves  a 


lot  of  worn,  and  such  stock  is  better 
off  than  they  would  be  if  they  were 
tied  in  stanchions. 

Saving  Steps 

The  old  adage  “make  your  head  save 
your  heels”  is  still  good,  and  during 
the  winter  the  place  where  most  time 
can  be  saved  is  in  the  everyday  chores. 
Thousands  of  farmers  have  figured  out 
time-saving  short-cuts.  If  you  are 
among  them,  write  us  a  letter,  address¬ 
ing  it  to  American  Agriculturist,  P.  O. 
Box  367-TS,  Ithaca,  New  York.  Tell 
how  you  saved  steps  and  time  on  your 
farm  in  1942.  For  every  letter  we  pub¬ 
lish,  we  will  pay  $1.00. 

On  dairy  farms  there  will  be  a  dis¬ 
tinct  trend  toward  less  cultivated  crops 
and  more  grass  farming.  Pastures  are 
the  cheapest  food  a  dairy  cow  can  have. 
Attention  to  pasture  improvement  will 
allow  the  stock  to  harvest  a  large  per¬ 
centage  of  their  own  feed,  therefore 
saving  the  owner  a  lot  of  labor. 

If  you  haven’t  kept  accounts,  start 
now.  It  will  save  you  a  headache  when 
you  fill  out  your  income  tax  blank! 


Soldiers  Must  Eat  to  Fight! 

American  Agriculturist  Works  With  You  to  Win  the  War 


THE  EDITORS  of  American  Agri¬ 
culturist  recognized  the  great  dan¬ 
ger  of  a  food  shortage  in  this  country 
before  almost  anyone  else  did.  What 
is  equally  important,  we  also  recogniz¬ 
ed  that  farmers  cannot  raise  enough 
food  without  help  and  without  machin¬ 
ery  or  if  they  are  continually  bothered 
by  unnecessary  regulations. 

Therefore,  in  every  issue  of  American 
Agriculturist  since  Pearl  Harbor  we 
have  emphasized  the  danger  of  a  food 
shortage,  the  necessity  of  more  help  to 
farmers  to  help  them  raise  food,  and 
have  aided  our  readers  in  every  possi¬ 
ble  way  to  meet  the  trying  situations 
which  have  arisen. 

In  addition  to  our  work  through  the 
columns  of  the  paper,  we  have  contin¬ 
ually  brought  the  facts  to  the  attention 
of  rationing  boards,  draft  boards,  and 
officials  in  both  the  state  and  the  na¬ 
tion,  emphasizing  the  need  of  taking 
immedate  steps  to  insure  a  food  sup¬ 
ply  and  to  give  farmers  the  needed  as¬ 
sistance  to  raise  the  food. 

Just  to  show  how  we  have  helped, 
read  the  following  statements  taken 
from  issues  of  American  Agriculturist 
during  the  past  year.  They  are  just  a 
few  of  many  in  every  issue  designed 
to  impress  government  officials  and  the 
public  with  the  danger  of  a  food  short¬ 
age  and  to  help  our  readers  maintain 
or  increase  food  production. 

Equipment  Necessary 

JANUARY  3 — “It  is  to  be  hoped  that 
government  leaders  will  come  to  the 
aid  of  farmers  to  help  them  do  their 
part  in  winning  this  war  by  making 
sure  that  they  have  the  equipment  with 
which  to  do  it.” 

JANUARY  17  —  “It  is  our  opinion 
that  if  you  are  operating  a  real  farm 
business  you  should  be  granted  defer¬ 
ment  and  should  go  ahead  with  your 
plans  for  the  coming  year.” 

JANUARY  31 — “The  American  peo¬ 
ple  should  be  more  worried  about  plen¬ 
tiful  supplies  of  food  than  about  prices. 
To  meet  the  great  food  emergency,  the 
farmer  is  tremendously  handicapped. 
His  boys  and  hired  help  are  gone  or  are 
going  into  war  or  defense  industries.” 

FEBRUARY  14  —  “The  shortage  of 
farm  labor  is  the  worst  in  the  history 
of  agriculture— impress  farm  boys  with 
the  fact  that  they  are  serving  their 
country  right  where  they  are — every 
food  producer  must  go  all-out  with 
everything  he  has  to  do  his  part.” 

MARCH  14 — “Farmers  have  plenty 
of  reason  for  feeling  upset.  Labor  is 


the  shortest  in  the  history  of  agricul¬ 
ture.  New  equipment  is  difficult  or 
most  impossible  to  obtain  and  daily 
there  are  new  shortages.” 

Depleting  Food  Reserves 

APRIL  11  —  “Complaints  are  com¬ 
ing  in  about  draft  boards  taking  farm 
boys  into  the  service.  Draft  boards  are 
deserving  of  sympathy,  but  it  is  ap¬ 
parent  that  some  of  them  don’t  realize 
the  danger  of  depleting  our  food  re¬ 
serves  by  taking  farm  help.” 

JUNE  20 — “We  know  that  food  or 
the  lack  of  it  will  win  or  lose  this  war. 
The  government  has  asked  American 
farmers  to  step  up  production  of  all 
food  supplies  in  some  cases  as  much 
as  25%  over  last  year.  Farmers  yield 
to  no  one  in  their  patriotism  and  will 
do  their  best  to  meet  this  demand.” 

JULY  4  —  “Plans  are  being  actively 
developed  for  a  ten  million  man  army. 
What  such  an  army  means  in  terms  of 
farm  labor,  readers  of  this  page  can 
hardly  imagine — it  is  a  safe  bet  that 
at  least  half  of  the  labor  which  is  now 
available  for  your  farm  will  disappear 
in  the  next  18  months.” 

JULY  18 — “Realizing  that  with  farm 
help  fast  disappearing,  farm  machinery 
becomes  more  important  than  ever,  we 
of  American  Agriculturist  have  been 
working  for  over  a  year  now  with 
farm  leaders  and  with  government  au¬ 
thorities  to  secure  more  liberal  and 
more  practical  priorities  for  the  manu¬ 
facture  of  farm  machinery.” 

AUGUST  1 — “To  win  the  war,  food 
is  as  essential  as  bullets,  tanks  or 
planes.  Efficient  farm  workers  cannot 


“We  should  be  thankful  for  the 
things  we  never  had,  which  we 
don’t  have  to  go  without  now  on 
account  of  the  war!” 


be  trained  overnight.” 

AUGUST  15 — “Northeastern  farmers 
face  a  critical  food  production  problem 
and  -will  leave  no  stones  unturned  in 
their  determination  to  come  through  in 
the  face  of  a  50%  shortage  of  farm 
labor.” 

Buy  War  Bonds 

SEPTEMBER  12— “After  debts  have 
been  reduced  to  a  safe  basis,  it  is  safer 
and  better  for  most  farmers  to  build  an 
adequate  financial  reserve  through  in¬ 
vestment  in  War  Bonds  than  to  apply 
all  available  income  on  debts.” 

SEPTEMBER  26 — “It  is  our  duty  to 
point  out  that  the  best  protection 
against  inflation  is  abundant  produc¬ 
tion.  Unless  farmers  can  pay  adequate 
wages  production  of  these  essentials 
will  continue  to  decline.  The  demand 
on  the  farm  labor  by  the  military  ser¬ 
vices,  and  the  attractive  wages  and 
shorter  hours  of  labor  which  has  al¬ 
ready  prevailed  in  industry,  are  result¬ 
ing  in  farm  laborers,  farm  boys  and 
girls,  and  even  farm  operators  leav¬ 
ing  their  farms  in  increasing  numbers.” 

OCTOBER  10 — “The  fight  narrows 
down  to  the  simple  question  of  whether 
or  not  price  ceilings  of  farm  products 
will  be  set  high  enough  so  that  farm¬ 
ers  will  be  able  to  produce  the  neces¬ 
sary  food  to  win  this  war.” 

NOVEMBER  7 — “If  food  is  an  essen¬ 
tial  part  of  our  war  effort,  let’s  proceed 
this  way.  Instead  of  asking,  ‘How  much 
steel  can  we  spare  for  farm  machin¬ 
ery?’  let’s  ask,  ‘How  much  new  ma¬ 
chinery  is  required  to  produce  the  food 
we  need?’  and  then  see  that  farm  ma¬ 
chinery  manufacturers  get  the  mater¬ 
ials  to  make  the  tools.” 

Last  To  Go  Hungry 

NOVEMBER  21 — “It  is  high  time  that 
the  men  who  write  and  speak  take  time 
to  get  their  facts  before  they  rush  into 
print  or  on  the  air.  Remember  that 
farmers  will  be  the  last  to  go  hungry 
if  a  food  shortage  develops.  They  want 
to  do  the  job — they  will  do  it  if  they 
can  get  the  labor,  materials  and  a  bit 
of  understanding.” 

DECEMBER  5  —  “Commercial  ferti¬ 
lizers  will  contain  less  nitrogen  next 
year,  a  fact  that  makes  it  more  than 
usually  important  to  avoid  losses  in 
farm  manure.” 

The  editors  of  American  Agricultur¬ 
ist  and  its  readers,  too,  have  been 
keenly  aware  of  the  dangers  of  a  food 
shortage.  Fortunately,  our  government 
officials  and  the  public  are  beginning 
to  realize  this  danger  too. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  19,  1912 


21  (683) 


On  Christmas  Eve 


By  JESSIE  M.  DOWLIN 

Oh,  let  no  creaking  hinge  betray 
To  dozing  cattle  you  are  near; 

Step  over  scattered  wisps  of  hay, 

Then  stand  and  listen — you  may  hear 
The  dumb  beasts  talk  upon  this  night! 
They’ll  speak,  perhaps,  of  the  holy 
Light 

That  guided  where  the  Christ  Child 
lay; 

Yet  none  will  tell  how  far  the  world 
Has  strayed  from  holiness  today . 

But  listen  ’till  the  closely  furled 
Wings  of  doves  lift  up  from  sleep, 

And  shifting  hoofs  of  the  stanchioned 
herd 

At  midnight  waken  huddled  sheep 
From  dreaming  in  their  sheltered  pen: 
Then  may  you  hear  a  hopeful  word 
Of  “Peace  on  earth!  Good  will  toward 
men!” 

PesUanal  PtiolUeviA, 

Write  Your  Service  Boys 

Dear  Lucile :  Can  you  help  me  get 
some  pen  pals?  I  have  no  people  living 
to  write  to  and  am  very  lonesome.  My 
husband  and  I  are  alone  and  middle-aged 
and  live  in  the  country.  I  certainly  would 
appreciate  having  someone  to  write  to 
and  receive  letters  from  .—Lonely . 

I  am  sorry  that  we  do  not  conduct 
any  sort  of  a  “pen  pals”  corner  along 
with  the  Personal  Problems  depart¬ 
ment.  It  seems  to  me,  though,  that  if 
you  want  to  write  letters  and  receive 
them,  you  might  write  to  soldiers  who 
have  left  your  community  and  who 
likely  are  eager  for  letters  containing 
news  from  home.  I  know  of  several 
women  who  write  a  letter  a  day  .  .  . 
or  a  week  .  .  .  depending  on  the  num¬ 
ber  on  their  list,  and  receive  and  give 
a  great  deal  of  pleasure  in  this  way. 
Letters  from  home  are  what  our  serv¬ 
ice  men  whnt  most  of  all. 

*  *  * 

Meet  Before  Marriage 

Dear  Lucile :  Three  years  ago  I  started 
writing  to  a  young  man  through  a  cor¬ 
respondence  club.  I  was  22  and  he  was 
34.  We  wrote  friendly  letters  for  awhile, 
then  he  started  saying  he  loved  me.  He 
sent  me  lovely  gifts  for  holidays  and 
now  has  sent  me  an  engagement  ring  and 
wants  me  to  marry  him  .  .  .  but  the  queer 
part  is  that  he  won’t  come  to  see  me. 

He  has  planned  to  come  at  different 
times,  but  something  always  comes  up  to 
prevent  it.  Our  minister  comes  from  a 
place  near  where  this  young  man  lives 
and  he  has  written  to  find  out  about  him 
and  the  report  is  good,  but  my  parents 
don’t  want  me  to  become  engaged  to  a 
man  I  have  never  seen. 

What  do  you  think?  Should  I  let  my¬ 
self  fall  in  love  with  this  man?  Should 
I  take  the  ring?  I  try  to  look  at  the 
thing  from  all  angles :  if  he  is  the  man 
for  me  I  don’t  want  to  let  him  go,  but 
if  he  isn’t  then  I  don’t  want  to  hang  on 
to  him.  Please  help  me. — Undecided. 

It  seems  very  odd,  to  me,  that  this 
young  man  is  so  unwilling  to  pay  you 
a  visit.  It  would  almost  seem  that  he 
might  have  some  disfigurement  or 
physical  handicap  he  does  not  want 
you  to  know  about.  There  is  some¬ 
thing  not  quite  normal,  too,  about  a 
man  who  will  ask  a  girl  that  he  has 
never  seen  to  marry  him;  ordinarily 
they  like  to  see  how  well  suited  to 


each  other  they  are,  what  the  girl 
looks  like,  how  they  react  to  each  oth¬ 
er,  etc.  Letters  don’t  take  the  place 
of  personal  contact,  by  any  means. 

I  think  your  parents  are  wise  in  ad¬ 
vising  you  against  pledging  yourself  to 
this  man  until  you  have  met  and  got¬ 
ten  acquainted,  personally.  There  have 
been  cases  where  “blind  marriages” 
turned  out  well  .  .  .  but  it’s  taking  an 
awfully  big  chance.  In  some  of  the 
European  and  Asiatic  countries,  girls 
have  to  take  anything  they  can  get, 
without  seeing  the  man  before  the  wed¬ 
ding  day.  We  like  to  think  we’re  more 
enlightened,  here  in  America. 


Strong  Ties 

Dear  Lucile :  My  daughter  doesn’t  get 
along  with  her  husband  and  left  him  for 
a  period,  during  which  time  he  had  an¬ 
other  woman  living  right  in  my  daugh¬ 
ter’s  home.  I  do  not  want  her  husband 
ever  to  come  into  my  house.  Last  sum¬ 
mer,  my  girl  had  trouble  and  sent  for 
me.  As  any  other  good  mother,  I  went 
to  her,  but  when  I  found  that  she  was 
back  with  her  worthless  husband  I  would 
not  go  in.  Now  she  will  not  come  to  see 
me.  I  think  if  she  loved  me  she  should 
come. — Heart  Broken. 

Your  problem  is  a  tough  one,  for  one 
of  the  strongest  emotions  known  to  the 
human  race  is  involved;  the  love  of  ,a 
mother  for  her  child.  I  can’t  actually 
tell  you  what  to  do,  but  it  seems  you 
might  be  happier  to  still  the  voice  of 
resentment  and  let  your  heart  speak. 
It  probably  prompts  you  to  forgive 
your  daughter,  overlook  her  seeming 
attachment  for  this  worthless  husband 
and  try  to  re-establish  close  relations 
with  her,  even  though  it  means  your 
making  the  first  move. 

There  is  so  much  sadness  in  the 
world  today  that  when  just  silencing  a 
prejudice  could  reunite  you  with  your 
child,  it  almost  seems  you  should  do  so. 
You  would  not  need  to  approve  of  her 
husband,  whose  actions  could  certainly 
not  be  sanctioned,  but  it  might  be 
easier  to  see  him  and  be  civil  once  in 
awhile  than  to  be  parted  from  your 
girl  permanently. 

*  *  * 

Where’s  Your  Nerve? 

Dear  Lucile :  I  am  20  years  old,  but 
have  never  had  any  dates  with  girls  and 
am  very  shy  and  green.  There  is  a  girl 
I  like  very  much,  but  I  don’t  know  just 
how  to  get  acquainted  with  her.  I  pass 
her  house  and  honk  my  horn  and  wave 
and  she  waves  back.  I  have  stopped  a 
Yew  times  to  talk  with  her  father,  but 
she  never  shows  up.  How  could  I  go 
about  getting  better  acquainted  with  her? 
— Charlie. 

Why  not  stop  sometimes  when  you 
exchange  waves,  talk  to  her  and,  if 
you’re  interested,  ask  her  if  you  may 
call.  She’s  probably  wondering  why 
you  don’t  try  to  get  better  acquainted. 
If  you  feel  that  this  would  require 
more  nerve  than  you  could  muster, 
then  why  not  call  her  on  the  phone  or 
write  her  a  little  note,  asking  if  you 
might  take  her  to  a  movie  or  whatever 
amusement  you  think  she  might  be  in¬ 
terested  in. 

— a.  a. — 

HORSE  AND  BUGGY  DAYS 


( Contimied  from  Page  5) 

In  the  spring  of  1910  our  little  vil¬ 
lage  of  Delta  was  being  dismantled  for 
a  lake.  Houses  were  taken  out,  the 
grand  old  landmarks  demolished,  the 
trees  cut — commotion  and  heartbreaks 
everywhere  you  looked.  My  Dad  pass¬ 
ed  on  suddenly,  and  my  husband  also 
on  the  day  of  my  father’s  funeral. 
That  was  in  May.  In  early  October,  I 
was  told  I  would  have  to  move  out.  1  | 
moved  to  Rome,  N.  Y.,  with  my  moth¬ 
er,  son,  daughter,  and  Nellie,  my  pony. 

I  educated  my  children,  cared  for  my 
mother,  who  passed  on  in  1929,  and  in 
1932  I  came  back  to  reside  on  the 
shore  of  Lake  Delta,  the  little  village 
that  was.  1 


Hememb&i  the  Qaad  Old 

4 


“CARL” 

C.  E.  LADD,  Dean. 
N.Y.S.  College  of 
Agriculture. 


Here  are  two 
fellows  who  do. 
They  wrote  38 
ehapters  of 
FUN 
FROLIC 

and 

ADVENTURE 

in 


“ED” 

E.  R.  EASTMAN. 
Editor, 

American  Agriculturist 


“Growing  Up  in  the 
Horse  and  Buggy  Days” 

Which  Appeared  Serially  in  American  Agriculturist 

AND  NOW  Carl  and  Ed  take  great  pleasure  in  offering 
these  experiences  in  book  form  with  original  illustrations 
and  preface  by  Romeyn  Berry.  The  book  is  handsomely 
bound  in  a  durable  red  binding  with  gold  stamping  and 
contains  264  pages.  The  edition  will  be  limited,  so  be  sure 
to  order  your  copy  at  once.  The  price  is  $2.50  per  copy. 
Fill  out  the  coupon  below  and  mail  today. 


CARL  and  ED,  American  Agriculturist, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  Dept.  DD. 


Enclosed  please  find  $ .  for  which  please  send  me  - 

of  “Growing  Up  in  the  Horse  and  Buggy  Days.” 


-  copies 


NAME 


ADDRESS 


Autographed  copies  furnished  on  request. 


*7 lie  tf-abmeAA,'  Btatiaa 


Invites  you  to  listen  at  12:15 
every  noon  except  Sunday 

for  GLF  and  Farm  Bureau  Programs 

9  8  0 

ON  YOUR  DIAL 


(684)  22 


Kernels,  Screenings 

and  Chaff 

By  H.  E.  BABCOCK 


I  AM  WRITING  this  during  the 
week  of  the  annual  meeting  of 
the  American  Farm  Bureau  Fed¬ 
eration  at  the  Sherman  Hotel  in 
Chicago. 

Washington  Experience 

During  the  past  year,  I  saw  a 
great  deal  of  the  Bureau’s  activity 
in  Washington.  I  think  I  got  a 
chance  to  evaluate  its  worth  to  farm¬ 
ers.  My  conclusion,  for  what  it  is 
worth,  is  this:  Taken  alone,  the 
American  Farm  Bureau  Federation 
because  of  its  tendency  to  be  domi¬ 
nated  by  midwestern  and  southern 
interests  will  be  a  liability  to  north¬ 
eastern  agriculture  as  often  as  it  is 
an  asset.  On  the  other  hand,  when 
the  Bureau  works  closely  with  the 
other  two  great  national  farm  or¬ 
ganizations — the  Grange  and  the 
National  Council  of  Farmer  Coop¬ 
eratives — it  provides  farmers  with 
just  the  sort  of  representation  they 
need  in  Washington  to  match  the 
strength  of  labor  and  of  industry. 

Telegram  to  O’Neal 

On  the  chance  that  it  might  do 
some  good  at  the  convention,  pro¬ 
vided  it  was  presented  there,  I  dis¬ 
patched  on  December  7  the  follow¬ 
ing  telegram: 

“Edward  A.  O’Neal,  President,  and 
Delegates  to  the  24th  Annual  Meeting, 
American  Farm  Bureau  Federation 
Sherman  Hotel,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

“Greetings.  When  I  called  the  con¬ 
ference  at  Ithaca,  New  York,  which 
resulted  in  the  organization  of  the 
American  Farm  Bureau  Federation,  I 
had  no  idea  nor  did  any  one  else  at  the 
meeting  that  a  quarter  of  a  century 
later  our  country  would  be  fighting  for 
its  life  and  the  organization  we  were 


setting  up  playing  a  leading  part  in 
the  protection  of  the  food  supply  of 
the  world. 

“There  have  been  times  since  the 
American  Farm  Bureau  Federation 
was  organized  when  I  have  doubted 
its  usefulness  to  American  agriculture. 
These  were  when  it  seemed  more  con¬ 
cerned  with  area  problems  than  with 
national  problems;  when  it  was  diffi¬ 
cult  to  draw  the  line  between  Federa¬ 
tion  officials  and  Government  officials; 
and  when  the  Federation  insisted  on 
going  its  own  way  without  regard  to 
the  position  of  other  true  national 
farm  organizations.  In  my  opinion,  the 
American  Farm  Bureau  Federation 
has  corrected  these  mistakes  and 
stands  today  at  the  gateway  of  its 
greatest  service  to  American  farmers. 
Credit  for  this  strong  position  must  go 
largely  to  the  courage  and  statesman¬ 
ship  of  President  O’Neal. 

“Nothing  has  so  heartened  and  pleas¬ 
ed  the  rank  and  file  farmer,  who  has 
staked  his  hopes  for  a  square  deal  on 
his  membership  in  the  Grange,  his  Co¬ 
operatives  and  his  Farm  Bureau,  as 
•has  the  increasing  evidence  that  the 
leaders  of  his  organizations  are  work¬ 
ing  together  for  his  protection  and  for 
the  support  of  his  country’s  war  pro¬ 
gram.  By  devoting  themselves  to  ques¬ 
tions  of  broad  national  policy,  by  be¬ 
ing  cooperative  with  government  bur¬ 
eaus  but  never  dominated  or  support¬ 
ed  by  them,  and  most  important  of  all 
by  working  in  close  harmony  together, 
the  American  Farm  Bureau  Federa¬ 
tion,  the  Grange  and  the  National 
Council  of  Farmer  Cooperatives  can 
render  outstanding  public  service  in  the 
year  which  is  ahead.  Unless  they  do, 
there  is  no  certainty  that  the  funda¬ 
mentals  of  a  sound  American  agricul¬ 
ture  based  on  the  family-type  farm 
and  free  enterprise  can  be  preserved.” 


DOWN  MEXICO  WAY 

By  H.  E.  Babcock,  Jr. 


December  5,  1942. 

WHEATLAND  MAIZE 

Our  Wheatland  maize  crop  this  year 
was  very  successful.  Averaged  over 
both  fields,  it  yielded  79  bushels  to  the 
acre — a  total  of  11,898  bushels.  One 
field  averaged  over  90  bushels,  and 
the  other  66  bushels  per  acre.  The 
sixty-acre  field  yielding  90  bushels  to 
the  acre  was  the  prettiest  field  of 
maize  I  have  ever  seen,  and  it  often 
seemed  that  it  was  the  prettiest  field 
of  any  crop  I  have  ever  seen  growing. 

COTTON 

As  has  been  the  case  with  all  crops, 
this  has  been  a  wonderful  cotton  year 
which  we  can  only  hope  will  be  repeat¬ 
ed  again  soon.  As  yet  I  do  not  know 
what  our  yield  will  be,  but  it  promises 
to  double  last  year’s  crop  with  nearly 
two  bales  to  the  acre. 

The  tragic  thing  about  the  whole 
valley’s  wonderful  cotton  crop  is  that 
much  of  it  has  not  yet  been  picked.  We 
have  had  very  favorable  weather  for 
unpicked  cotton,  but  in  spite  of  this  a 
good  many  fields  of  cotton  are  losing 
quality  waiting  for  pickers.  The  effects 
of  sun  and  dew  are  quite  serious,  al¬ 
though  they  do  not  show  up  until  the 


cotton  is  ginned  and  graded.  The  net 
result  will  probably  be  that  the  gov¬ 
ernment  will  again  loan  money  on  a 
lot  of  the  later  picked  cotton  which 
does  not  meet  the  grades  that  buyers 
demand.  This  has  been  the  case  in  this 
section  ever  since  the  government 
started  loaning  money  on  cotton.  The 
buyers  have  creamed  the  crop,  leaving 
what  amounts  to  junky  cotton  for  the 
government.  We  are  little  concerned 
over  the  amount  of  cotton  in  govern¬ 
ment  storage  because  we  know  that  as 
long  as  we  can  raise  a  good  grade  of 
cotton,  the  government  cotton  will 
never  be  competitive  with  us  on  an 
open  market  even  should  it  suddenly 
be  released  for  sale. 

PRICES 

Prices  for  our  farm  products  this 
year  do  not  all  reflect  the  war.  Oats 
are  selling  on  the  farm  for  two  cents  a 
pound  bulk,  but  this  price  only  reflects 
a  shortage  of  oats  in  the  immediate 
vicinity.  There  is  normally  very  little 
traffic  in  oats  around  here,  and  as  the 
price  gets  this  high,  buying  stops  al¬ 
together. 

Hay  prices  have  sky-rocketed  and 
are  continuing  to  go  up.  Because  of  a 
crying  need  for  long  staple  Egyptian 


,  Ai  terican  Agriculturist,  December  19,  1942 


type  cotton  (which  the  government 
chose  to  consider  soil  conserving  in  or¬ 
der  to  get  it  grown)  acres  and  acres  of 
alfalfa  were  plowed  up  in  the  hotter 
sections  of  the  Southwest  and  were 
planted  to  long  staple  cotton.  To  sup¬ 
ply  the  hay  needs  in  these  sections, 
truckload  after  truckload  of  alfalfa 
hay  left  our  valley  this  summer.  The 
valley  is  now  very  short  of  hay,  and 
good  hay  is  bringing  $20  to  $22  a  ton 
in  the  barn. 

A  definite  shortage  of  hay  would  re¬ 
sult  here  but  for  the  uncertainty  of 


livestock  feeding.  Fully  two-thirds  of 
the  livestock  feeders  in  the  valley  are 
not  feeding  lambs  or  calves  this  win¬ 
ter.  Hay  could  be  sold  for  more  than 
it  would  bring  through  the  feedlot;  and 
the  eventual  selling  price  of  fat  stock, 
because  of  ceilings  on  carcasses,  was 
too  low  to  gamble  on.  As  a  result,  most 
of  the  lambs  normally  fed  here  will 
reach  the  market  only  half  fat  off 
wheat  pastures  in  Kansas.  Livestock 
feeding  is  one  business  where  ceilings 
won’t  do  the  job  of  cutting  down  short¬ 
ages. 


The  three  pictures  above  show  various 
stages  in  the  roundup  of  the  first  carload 
of  Hereford  heifer  calves  we  bought  from 
the  0-6  Ranch  in  Texas  this  fall.  The  pic¬ 
ture  at  the  top  shows  cows  and  calves  be¬ 
ing  gathered  in  a  great  86,000-acre  pas¬ 
ture  which  is  fenced  almost  entirely  by 
the  rock  formation  which  can  be  dimly 
seen  in  the  distance. 

The  second  picture  shows  about  3000 
cows  and  calves  held  against  a  fence 
while  cowboys  separate  the  cows  with 
heifer  calves  from  those  with  steer  calves. 
Later  the  cows  and  their  calves  were 


driven  several  miles  to  the  railroad  pens. 
After  the  herd  arrived  at  the  pens,  the 
cows  and  calves  were  driven  single  file 
through  a  cutting  chute.  The  calves  were 
cut  one  way  and  the  cows  another.  This 
accomplished,  the  cows  were  turned  out 
of  the  pens  to  find  their  way  back  to  their 
range.  Then  the  calves  were  put  through 
the  chute  again  and  graded  according  to 
size. 

The  bottom  picture  shows  a  pen  full  of 
evenly-graded  calves  ready  to  load  out. 
They  are  bawling  their  heads  off  and 
making  the  worst  din  anyone  can  imagine. 


Ai  lerican  Agriculturist,  December  19,  1942 


23  (685) 


SERVICE  BUREAU 


By  <A.  1 

WORKING  FOR  YOU 

“I  have  just  read  your  last  issue  con¬ 
taining  so  many  helpful  articles  right  on 
our  problems  about  farm  labor,  the  draft, 
and  farm  machinery.  I  don’t  know  how 
many  years  I  have  read  your  paper  from 
cover  to  cover,  but  I  am  proud  of  being 
a  reader,  and  I  think  you  are  doing  a 
great  job  of  seeing  things  before  they 
come  and  being  on  the  job  to  fight  them. 

I  am  thankful  for  getting  your  Farm 
Front  Certificate  for  my  son  Donald. 
Without  him  I  don’t  know  how  I  would 
have  ever  gotten  my  crops  harvested 
this  year.” — H.  T.  C.,  N.  Y. 

This  is  a  sample  of  letters  which 
come  in  every  mail  and  encourage  us 
to  keep  trying  to  do  a  better  job  to 
help  you  in  these  bad  war  times.  Many 
of  the  things  that  we  do  to  help  never 
appear  in  the  paper  itself.  For  ex¬ 
ample,  we  have  furnished  information 
many,  many  times  to  draft  boards  that 
has  helped  to  get  farm  boys  released 
to  continue  their  job  of  producing  food. 
We  have  constantly  brought  to  the 
attention  of  authorities  the  problem  of 
farm  labor,  and  the  necessity  of  mak¬ 
ing  it  possible  for  farmers  to  get  new 
machinery  and  repair  parts  with  which 
to  carry  on. 

No  matter  how  busy  you  are,  you 
cannot  afford  to  miss  reading  every 
issue  of  American  Agriculturist  from 
cover  to  cover,  because  we  make  it  our 
business  to  know  what  is  going  on,  to 
boil  it  down  so  that  you  can  read  it  in 
a  few  minutes,  and  to  keep  you  right 
up  to  date  on  rapid  wartime  changes 
that  affect  your  business. 

— a.  a. — 

SHORT? 

‘‘I  sold  some  roosters  to  a  poultry  buy¬ 
er.  According  to  his  weight,  they  aver¬ 
aged  6  pounds.  There  were  three  he  did 
not  want  because  they  were  too  small, 
but  later  I  weighed  one  of  them  and 
found  it  weighed  8  pounds,  indicating 
that  he  ‘short-weighted’  me.” 

There  is  no  question  but  certain 
poultry  buyers  will  “short  weight”  you 
on  birds  if  they  think  they  can  get 
away  with  it.  If  you  do  not  catch 
them  before  they  leave  it  is  difficult  to 
prove  the  weights  were  wrong.  It 
pays  to  be  constantly  on  the  alert  even 
to  the  point  of  weighing  a  few  of  the 
birds  so  you  have  a  very  good  idea 
of  what  the  total  weight  should  be. 
Then  if  it  is  evident  you  are  being 
short-weighted,  you  can  step  to  the 
telephone  and  call  a  State  Trooper  to 
settle  the  matter  right  there.  In  cases 
where  one  is  more  or  less  certain  that 
the  weight  was  incorrect,  but  cannot 
prove  it,  it  is  a  good  idea  to  give  the 
information  to  State  Troopers.  This 
gives  them  an  opportunity  to  be  on  the 
watch  and  perhaps  to  get  proof  of 
fraud  on  some  later  deal. 

—a.  a. — 

LITERARY  AGENTS 

•  “Have  you  made  any  investigation  of 
literary  agents?  My  daughter,  who  has 
been  given  some  encouragement  as  a 
writer,  sent  a  manuscript  to  a  Literary 
Agent  in  New  York  City.  We  have  written 
two  or  three  times;  the  letters  have  not 
been  returned,  but  we  have  not  had  any 
replies.” 

The  Service  Bureau  advises  against 
dealing  with  any  literary  agents.  Soon¬ 
er  or  later,  most  of  them  want  an  ad¬ 
vance  fee  for  correcting  or  marketing 
the  story. 

Writing,  of  course,  is  a  trade  the 
same  as  others,  and  it  is  difficult  for 
an  amateur  to  break  into  print.  On  the 
other  hand,  magazine  publishers  are  al¬ 
ways  watching  for  new  talent.  Manu¬ 
scripts  submitted  to  them  are  read 
carefully.  If  they  have  merit,  and  fit 
the  needs  of  the  paper,  they  are  ac¬ 
cepted.  We  have  never  been  able  to 


?.  Coptine  • 

find  any  evidence  that  they  are  any 
more  likely  to  accept  a  manuscript 
from  a  so-called  agent  than  if  it  comes 
from  the  author  direct. 

- A.  A. - 

NO  RETURNS  YET 

‘‘Two  years  ago,  I  gave  three  accounts 
to  a  collection  agency,  totaling  nearly 
$2,000.  I  paid  their  agent  $7.50  as  an  ad¬ 
vance  fee  and  was  gjiven  a  bond  stating 
that  the  company  would  redeem  it  to  the 
extent  of  $50.00  if  they  did  not  collect  at 
least  $300.00  on  the  accounts.  Recently, 
the  two  years  were  up  and  I  sent  the 
company  a  registered  letter,  but  never 
had  a  reply.  I  know  they  sued  a  debtor 
and  got  a  judgment,  and  he  paid  them 
about  $50.00.  Another  debtor  states  he  has 
paid  them  at  least  $100.00.  I  know  now 
that  I  should  have  had  nothing  to  do  with 
this  company ;  but  naturally,  one  has  to 
live  one  lifetime  in  order  to  know  how 
to  live  another.” 

This  letter  is  typical  of  many  from 
subscribers  who  have  turned  over  ac¬ 
counts  for  collection  to  agents  of  col¬ 
lecting  concerns  in  far  distant  cities. 
In  the  first  place,  the  contract  is  “rig¬ 
ged”  so  that  the  collection  company 
gets  all  the  breaks.  Second,  most  of 
these  companies  are  very  slow  in  an¬ 
swering  mail,  and  in  most  cases  of  this 
sort  called  to  my  attention,  the  deal 
was  entirely  unsatisfactory  to  the  sub¬ 
scriber. 

— a.  a. —  ' 

NOT  LICENSED 

‘‘Are  the  policies  of  the - Insurance 

Company  good?  I  have  been  carrying  a 
policy  with  a  company  that  I  know  is 
licensed,  but  I  am  71  years  old  and  I  feel 
the  rate  is  more  than  I  can  afford.” 

Many  licensed  companies  will  not  is¬ 
sue  sick  and  accident  policies  on  peo¬ 
ple  of  your  age.  If  they  do,  the  rate  is 
naturally  high.  That,  however,  in  our 
opinion,  does  not  justify  taking  out  a 
cheaper  policy  with  a  company  that  is 
not  licensed  in  your  State.  The  com¬ 
pany  you  mentioned  is  not  licensed. 

— a.  a. — 

MISSING 

On  October  16,  Charles  Stickle  of 
Divine  Corners,  New  York,  left  home 
for  school  and  has  not  been  heard  from 
since.  He  is  14  y2  years  old,  but  looks 
older;  5%  feet  tall;  weighs  125  pounds; 
has  blue  eyes;  dark  hair;  and  when  last 
seen  was  wearing  blue  overalls  and  a 
gray  suit  coat.  His  parents  feel  that 
he  may  be  working  on  a  farm.  Any¬ 
one  having  information  about  this  boy 
will  be  doing  a  service  if  they  will 
write  Mrs.  William  Stickle,  Divine  Cor¬ 
ners,  New  York. 

— A.  A.— 

ROME  HUTCHERINT G 

“Are  there  any  restrictions  on  sale  by 
a  farmer  on  one-half  or  a  quarter  of  beef 
raised  on  his  own  farm?” 

In  New  York  State,  a  state  license 
is  required  for  slaughter  houses.  How¬ 
ever,  animals  raised  on  his  own  farm 
and  butchered  by  a  farmer  are  except¬ 
ed.  If  a  farmer  buys  any  animals  to 
butcher  and  sell,  he  comps  under  this 
law,  full  details  of  which  can  be  secur¬ 
ed  from  the  New  York  State  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  and  Markets  in 
Albany. 

There  is  another  element  that  may 
enter  the  picture;  namely,  meat  ration¬ 
ing.  If  rationing  starts,  the  chances 
are  that  farmers,  just  like  any  meat 
market,  will  be  obliged  to  require  cou¬ 
pons  from  the  buyer  in  order  to  sell. 

— A.  a. — 

One  of  our  subscribers  is  very  anx¬ 
ious  to  get  in  touch  with  Mr.  Harry 
Eldridge  who  worked  near  Randolph, 
Vermont  on  a  lumber  job  in  1938.  If 
anyone  can  tell  us  his  whereabouts  it 
will  be  appreciated. 


“Hearing  So  Many  Voices, 
What  Can  a  Man  Believe?” 


Vermont’s  Commissioner  of  Agriculture, 
E.  H.  Jones,  Gives  One  Answer  — 


Commissioner  E.  H.  Jones,  Montpelier,  Vt. 


4t||URING  these  emergency  years  when  so  many 
new-fangled  notions,  some  good,  some  bad,  have 
been  ringing  in  our  ears,  I  have  been  greatly  impressed 
with  the  calm,  good  judgment  with  which  important 
questions  have  been  handled  in  the  pages  of  the 
American  Agriculturist. 

“I  admire  and  trust  its  editors.  For  many  years  this 
great  farm  paper  has  been  a  most  potent  factor  in 
guiding  the  rural  people  of  the  Northeast  along  safe  and 
sane  lines  in  their  agricultural  and  business  affairs.” 

★  ★  ★  *  ★ 

You,  too,  may  trust  this  100  year  old  insti¬ 
tution  to  bring  to  you  the  FACTS  —  THE  TRUTH. 

political  bosses — no  labor  or  capitalistic 
lords  shape  the  policies  of  your  favorite  farm 
paper. 

YOU  CAN  BELIEVE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST. 


Ke&p,  'Ijoun  BuJjAcAjfMott  Rest&wexll 


THE  FARM  PAPER  OF  THE  NORTHEAST 

Founded  1842 

EDITORIAL  OFFICE  ,  PRINTING  PLANT 

Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


FARM  COOPERATIVES 
Look  After  All  FARMERS’  I 


★ 

★ 

★ 


£a/»/K>tf7/oa* 

CO-OPERATIVE 


Farmers  will  get  the  gasoline  they  need.  They  will  get  the  tires  they  need. 
Further  relief  is  on  the  way  in  the  matter  of  the  farm  labor  shortage. 

United  action  by  powerful  farm  cooperative  associations  and  other  farm  organi¬ 
zations  has  had  a  tremendous  weight  in  bringing  this  important  relief  to  farmers: 
Relief  that— in  some  eases — has  saved  farmers  from  the  necessity  of  selling  their 
livestock  and  farms. 

In  the  matter  of  the  gasoline  shortage,  The  Dairymen’s  League  carried  the 
complaints  of  farmers  direct  to  the  Office  of  Defense  Transportation  and  to  the 

War  Production  Board.  It  made  the  responsible  government 
officials  recognize  that  complaints  mentioned  in  the  news¬ 
papers  were  not  just  the  dissatisfaction  of  a  few  scattered 
farmers,  but  were  actually  the  united  voice  of  all  farmers 
speaking  through  their  official  mouthpiece — their  own  co¬ 
operative  association. 


lAflTAu 


i 


Together  —  We  Protect  All  Farmers 

Quick  action  on  the  part  of  government  officials  proved 
that  this  united  voice  was  heard.  It  proved  once  more — if 
such  further  proof  is  necessary — that  united  farmers  are  a 
respected  and  powerful  force  in  government  and  economics. 
It  proved  that  united  farmers  can  have  the  final  word  in 
determining  the  rights  and  needs  of  their  own  industry — 
and  that  farmers  can  assert  these  rights  with  force,  with 
dignity  and  with  complete  confidence  that  they  will  be  re¬ 
spected  when  they  speak  with  a  united  voice  that  is  recog¬ 
nized  as  the  true  voice  of  the  farm. 

At  a  time  when  government  control  is  steadily  reaching 
out  into  the  affairs  of  all  citizens,  it  is  important  to  the 
future  welfare  of  all  farmers  that  they  recognize  the  inde¬ 
pendence  and  strength  which  their  cooperatives  guarantee 
to  them. 


Published  by  THE  THOUSANDS  OF  FARMERS  WHO  OWN,  OPERATE  AND  CONTROL  THE  DAIRYMEN'S  LEAGUE