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y    JANUARY 


I    RiUered  ;it  tlic-  F'osiofficc.  Fort  Pierce,    Fla..  as  second-class  mail  matt 


Webster's  Uivabrid^ed 

Send   $1.00,    the    regular    subscription    price  oi     iljE 
will  iccei\c   the   Kealin  one  full  year  and   WEBSlt-K'b 
IKiNAKY.    full    regular    size,    bound    m    cloth,  l:i82    papes,    size 
letters,    mottled    edges.    The   dictionary    is    guaranietd    to    be    e.N 
many    stores   for  $5  and  $6.    We   send   both   for  only    $1. 

THE    HOUSEHOLD    REALM 

is  a  lar-e  handsome,  illustrated  magazine,  devoted  to  al,  that  periains  to  the  home.  Some  of 
he  Department,  are.  Household.  Cooking,  Children  Garden,  truU  and  Flower  House  Plans, 
i-Lshion  Fancy  Work  Stories,  Poetry.  Music.  Miscellaneous  Articles,  etc  Established  in  IXSfi 
''^THE    HOUSkHOLD    REALM.    325   DEARBORN  ST..  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


HOU.SHilOLD  KEAI.M,  and  you 
COMl'LinE  UNAP.R1D1..KD  DIC- 
f  page  SVi-xl^yi  inches,  gilt 
tly    the    same    as    retails    in 


ienic 


rE^T.^'''    COMMODE 

IN     SUBURBAN     HOJVIES, 

where    modern     bath  ro  om  facilities  are  denied  from  lack  of  sewerage, 
the    Hveienic    "Water-Seai   Commode  is  an   absolute   necessity 
for    coniiurl     and    sanitation.     .N'eeded     in     all     Hospitals     Sanitariums 
and    IWs!    IN    SICKNESS,    especially     in     GuNTAGIOUS     DiS- 
-  !■■  \SES     the    Commode  is   indispensable  in   every  home,   as  the   Water- 
Seal    prevents   the    esca  pe  of  all  germs  .ind  odors.  It  is  light  and  port- 
able—weighs   0    1-2   lbs;    made  of  best  galvanized  iron;   will  last   a  life- 
nme.    Provided   wuh  disinjectant,  cup     Indor^d    by    leading    f^A^FlfE^ls^^cVATcfes.'^"'    '" 
nit'strated    Circular       IK  l;^^r   J..  0^^  DESIRED,    for   25   cents  additional. 

HVG^KiNlC    U  ATEUSEAL  COMMODE  CO..   Como.   Bldg.,   Chicago,   111. 


If,  H. 


If,   BINGHAM 

has   made   all    the  im- 
provements ill 

Bee  Smokers  and 
Honey  Knives 

made  in  the   last  20  years,  undoubtedl} 

he  makes  the  best  on  earth. 

Smoke  Engine.   4  inch  stove,  none  too  larg^,..sent 

postpaid,  per  mail «l  •''^ 

3!^  inch 1-10 

Knife,  80  cents.  3  inch lO^ 

24  inch 911 

r .  F .  B  i  n  gh  a  rn ,  j^J^y^  VvondeV,  2  in',  ies 
Farwell,  Mich. 


\ 
\\lnn\  Aiitiiij;-  to  advertisers  mention 
The  Auioricaji  .T^ee-Keeper. 


Salzer's 

National  Oats  \y^ 

Greatest  out  of  the  century. 

Yielded   In  10U3  In  Ohio  1K7, 

In   Mich.  231,  in  Mo.  2'>.'),and  in 

N.  Dukota  310  bus.  per  acre.    Yoa 

can  beat  that  record  In  1904  • 

For  10c  and  tbis  notice 

we  mall  you  free  lots  of  farm  seed 
samples  unil  our  bis  cutalotc,  tell- 
ing all  about  this  oat  wonder  and  ^ 
thousands  of  other  seeds. 
JOHN  A.  SALZERSEEDCO. 
La  Crosse, 
F.        Wis. 


The  only  strictly  ^jgricultural 
paper  pviblished  in  thisbtate.  The 
only  agricultural  paper  published 
every  week.  It  goes  to  every  post 
office  in  State  of  Tennessee  and  to 
many  offices  in  Kentucky,  Alabama, 
Georgia,  Mississippi,  Arkansas, 
Texas,  Florida  and  Louisiana.  It 
is  the  official  organ  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Department  of  Tennessee  and 
Live  Stock  Commission.  Subscrip- 
tion $1  per  year  in  advance. 

Tennessee  Farmer  Pub.  Co., 
8t£  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Patent  Wired  Comb  Foundation 

has  no   "sc   'n   brood    franif> 

Thin  Flat  Bottom  Faundatioa 

has  HO  Fish-bone  in  Surplus  ITcnrv 
Being  the  cleanest  is  usually  wort*- <  li. 
quickest  of  any  foundation  made.  T"  •'  k 
about  wiring  frames  seems  absurd.  We  furnish 
a  Wired  Foundation  that  is  Better.  Cheaner 
and  not  h.iU  the  trouble  to  use  that  it  is  m 
wire  brood  frames. 
Circulars    an.l    samples    free. 

J.    VAN  DEUSEN    S  SONS, 

Sole    Manufactu'-*rs 

■4ontRomery   Coum-  Sp-      >    P.rook.    M    V 


Bee    Hives 
Sections 

EVERYTHING 

THAT  IS  USED  BY  BEE-KEEPERS  CAN  BE 
PROCURED  OF  US  AS  CHEAPLY  AS  ANY- 
WHERE, AND  WE  KNOW. 

Our  Goods  are  Superior 

BOTH  IN  MATERIALS    AND    WORKMAN- 
SHIP TO  THOSE  OF  ANY  COMPETITOR. 

One  Trial   Will   Convince  You 

THAT'S  ALL  WE  ASK.  WE  KNOW  YOU 
WILL  NEVER  BUY  OF  ANYBODY  ELSE. 

Our  new  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list  is  now 
.     ready.  Send  for  one  on  a  postal  card. 


The  W.  T. 
FALCOWER  IVIANFG.  CO., 

JAMESTONA/N,  N.  Y. 


IF  YOU 

WANT  TO  GROW 

Vegetables,  Fruits  and  Farm 
Products  in  Florida  subscribe 
for  the  FLORIDA  AQRICUL= 
JURIST.  Sample  copy  sent 
on  application. 

E.O.  Painter  Pub.  Co. 

JACKSONVILLE,  FLORIDA. 


DO  YOUR  HENS  PAY? 
This  woman  understands 
her  business,  10  Dozen 
Eggs  at  36c.  per  dozen 
from  180  hens  in     ~ 
one  da|. 


That^Egg 

Basket 

tells  the 
story. 


BEGINNERS. 


shoM.ihaveacopy  of 

The  Amateur  Bee-keeper, 

a  70  page  book,  by  Prof.  J.  W.  Rouse;  written  c»  I 
pecially  for  amateurs.  Second  edition  just  ou 
First  edition  of  1,000  sold  in  less  than  two  year»  | 
Editor  York  savs:  "It  i«  the  finest  little  book  pub- 
lished at  the  present  time."  Price  24  cenU.;  by' 
mail  28  cents.    The  little  book  and 

The  Progressive  Bee-keeper, 

(a  lire,  proeressiTe,  2«  page  monthly  journal,)  one 
year  for  6.ic.  Apply  to  any  firgt-class  dealer,  M 
address 

LEAHY  MFG-   CO.,  Higgiasvaie.M.. 


Ten  Dozen  it  ho  per  do7.  in  one  day  f  oi 
Our  New  Hoik'  Helps  for  I'oulli  v    Kt 
how,  explains  why  so  many  tail  and  bo  !■ 
A  Book  we  can  commend  with  o  good  c< 
a  GREAT  HEIA'  to  all  Pou^fy  I^«it,Pt!\ 
old.    Describes  60  varieties  of  towls,  well . . 
and  contains  a  Poultry  Keepers  Accouiu  •  . 
gain  or  loss  monthly  -.on  heavy  paper  wor  h   -  ■►  ^  ■ 
This  Book  Free  with  our  Poultry  taper  one  j  ear  !■ 
1  2.50.  or  Book  free  wiih  paper  3  D'oiiths  for  1 0 
Descriptive  circulars  Free  to;  stamp  t?PayPOf'f,S 
AVavslde  Poultry  <  o..  rhr.onville.  Conn. 


iTHlMlSiVfP^I'BE^ 


The  only  Pips  made 

that  cannot  be  toM 

from  a  cifiar.   Holdi 

a  laree  pipe  full  of 

tobacco  and  lasts  for  years.     Agents'  outfit  and  a  25-cent  sami.to 

by  mail  for  10«.,  and  our  Big  Bargain  Catalog  Free.    Address, 

ZE:N0    supply    CO.,    IndlanapoUs,    Ind. 


DON'T  KILL 

VOURSELF.WASHINGthi.     - 

WAY,  BUT  BUY  AH  E  IVl  HI   K  E. 

WASHER,  with  which  the 
frailest  woman  can  do  an  or- 
dinnry  walking  in  one  hour, 
without   wetting    her   handii.  _    _ 

Sample  atwholesaleprice.  Satisfaction  Ctnirante 
No  pav  until  tried.  Write  for  Illustrated  Catalo 
andprices  ofWringertJroning  Tablet,  Clothet  He 
DryinoBari,  WagonJaek*,({-e.  ARentsWaBted.  i 
,  eral  Terms.  QuickSales!  Little  WorKll  Big  P^ 
I  .Arfdrew.THi  JEuriKiW ASHia  Co..J Mttestown.n 

BARNES' 

Fcot  Power  Machine 

This  cut  represents 
Combined  Machine,  wh 
is  the  best  machine  m 
for  use  in  the  construct 
of  Hives,  Sections,  Boi 
etc.  Sent  on  trial.  Send 
Catalogue  and  Price  Lis 
W.  F.  &  J.  BARNES  C 
913   Ruby   St.,    Rockford. 


PftTENl^ 


promptly  obtained  OE  NO  FEE.  Trade-Marks. 
Cavatfi.  Copvri|?htB  and  LabelB  registered. 
TWENTY  TEAKS' PEACTICE.  Highest  references. 
Send  model,  sketch  or  photo,  for  free  report 
on  patent.ibility.  All  business  confidential. 
HAND-BOOK  FEEE.  Explains  everything,  lens 
How  to  Obtain  and  Sell  Patents,  What  Inventions 
Will  Pay,  How  to  Get  a  Partner,  explains  best 
mechanical  movements,  and  contamB  300  otner 
lubjecti  of  importance  to  inventors.       Aaaress, 

H.B.WILLS0N&CO.  '"•"' 


790  F  Street  North. 


Attorneys 
WASHINGTON,  D. 


BIG  MUGftZlE  "^^el^'VlS^l 

er's,  Mnnsey's,  LadiesHome  Journal  or  McClu 
SeiidlO  cents  to  help  pay  postage.  AJWERIC 
STOKIES.  Dept.  H.D.,  Grand  Rapids,  J 


HOHE  WORK  S^r^'sT 

week.    Enclose  stamp.    H.  T>.  LEADER  C 
Grand  Rapids,  Aich: 


W.  M.  Gerrish.   R.   F.   D..  Eppmr.   N. 
keeps   a   complete   aupply   of   our    goods. 
Eastern   customers  will  save  freight  by  or 
inf  of  him.  ^    _  .  .rr 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  ' 


Homes  in 

Old  Virginia- 

It  is  gradually  brought  to  light 
that  the  Civil  war  has  made  great 
changes,  freed  the  slaves,  iind  in 
consequence  has  made  the  large 
land  owners  poor  and  finally  freed 
the  land  from  the  original  owners 
who  would  not  sell  until  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  There  are  some 
of  the  finest  lands  in  the  market  at 
very  low  prices,  lands  that  produce 
all  kinds  of  crops,  grasses,  fruits, 
and  berries;  fine  for  stock.  You 
find  green  truck  patches,  such  as 
cabbage,  turnips,  lettuce,  kale, 
spinach,  etc.,  growing  all  the  win- 
ter. The  climate  is  the  best  all  th» 
year  around  to  be  found,  not  too 
cold  nor  too  warm.  Good  water. 
Healthy.  Railroads  running  in 
every  direction.  If  you  desire  to 
know  all  about  Virginia  send  10c. 
for   three    months    subscription    of 

the   VIRGINIA   FARMER  to 

Farmer  Co.,  Emporia,  Va.  i 


PATENTS 

Caveats,  Trade  Marks 
Copyrights  and  Designs 

Send  your  business  direct  to  Washington 
Saves  time,  josts  less,  better  service 

My  office  close  to  the  U.  S.  Patent 
Office.  Personal  attention  given.  Twenty 
years'  experience. 

Book    "How   to  Obtain 
Patents"  etc.,  sent  free. 

Patents  procured  through  E.  G.  Siggers  receir* 
special  notice,  without  charge,  ia  the 

INVRM^IVR   AGR. 

'Ilustrated  Monthly.  Twelfth  year.  Terms$layear 

E.  G.  SIGGERS, 

Washington,  D.  C. 


918  F  Street  N.  W. 


Th«r«  is  BO  trade  or  profession  better  catered  to 
»y  good  jouraals  than  that  of  the  farmer.      Uiii»- 
telligaat  mBprogrviiireBCss  has  now  no  excuse 
tf. 


Good  Adveitisers 

Those   who   are  careful   where   they 
Via.cc  thfclr  advertisinf  money,  ujse 

BARNUM'S 

MIDLAND  FARMER 

which  reaches  over  30,000  prosperous, 
wide-awaks,  buying  farmers  every  is- 
sue. Regular  rate  14  cents  per  agate 
line,  but  send  us  a  trial  order  at  10 
cents  per  line  ($1.40  per  inch  each 
time),  and  we  will  place  it  where  it 
will  do  the  most  good.  Two  or  more 
new  subscriptions  (sent  together),  20 
cents  per  year.  Sixteen  pages,  four 
columns  to  page.  Departments  cover- 
ing every  branch  of  farming  and  stock- 
raising.  The  little  journal  that  is 
"readand  re-read  by  its  readers."  Bar- 
num's  Midland  Farmer,  No.  22  North 
Second  st,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  7tf 


Poultry  Success 

14th  Year,  32  to  64  Pages. 

The  20th  Century 

!,;r^  POULTRY  MAGAZINE, 

jBeautitully  ilhistraled.  .")(»  t-ts.  per  year. 
[Greatly  improved  and  enlarged.  Shows 
readers  how  to  succeed  with  poultry 

SPECIAL   INTRODUCTORY    OFFER. 

'o  years,  (jO  cts.;  1  year,  25  cts.;  4 
months'  trial.  10  cts.;  stamps  ac- 
cepted. 

SAMPLE  COPY  FREE.     -«"3> 

Large,  Illustrated,  I'ractieal  Poultry 
Book  FREE  to  yearly  subscribers. 

Catalogue  of  poultrji  publications 
FREE.     Address  nearest  office. 

POULTRY  SUCCESS  CO., 

i  Dept.   16.         I     ,     ! «?  J 

DesMoiues,  Iowa,       Springfield,"  Ohio,' 


American 


BEE 


Journal 


16 -p.  Weekly. 
„c:^.,T-^ —  Sample  Free. 
«»"  All  about  Bees  and  their 
profitable  care.  Best  writers. 
Oldest  beepaper;  illustrated. 

iJepartments  for  begrianera 
and  for  women  bee-keepers. 

Address. 

aEORaEW.YORK^kCO. 
144  &  146  Erie  St.  Chicago.Ilu 


When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


AGENTS  Wanted  '  WaVhTng  Machines 

You  can  double  your  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

and  they  sell  easily.     We  have  sold  over   150,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years.      The 
are  cheaper  than  ever.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co.,    Jamestown,  N.Y 


The  Iowa 

Horticultural 

Paper. 

Monthly, 
50  cents 
per  year. 

It  is  unique, 
planned  on 
original  lines. 

You  cannot 
be  up-to-date 
in  fruit  growing  unless  you  read  it. 
Balance  of   this  year  free  to  new 
subscribers. 

THE  FRUITMAN, 

Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa. 


Tiie  Nebraska  Farm  Jouraa 

A   monthly    journal    devoted    t 
agricultural     interests.  Larges 

circulation  of  any  agricultural  pa 
per  in  the  west.  It  circulates  i 
Missouri,  Kansas,  Nebrasl<a,  low 
and  Colorado. 

C.  A.  DOUGLASS,  prop. 
Itf  1123  N  St.,  Lincoln,  Neb 


•te 


NA/E   WANT 

ETcry  reader  of  tke  Americas  Bee-K-'oer  to 
write  for  a  free  lample  copy  of  tkc 

ROCK!  MOOSTAIN  BEE  JOUEWL 

Tells  you  about  Western  methods,  co-opers 
tive  honey  selling  and  the  treat  bit  cropi  tkat 
have  made  the  Alfalfa  regions  famous.  Addresf 
the  publisher, 

H.  C.  MOREHOUSE, 

Bouldef    Colo. 

tf. 


PROVIDENCE  nUEEjS_ 
ROVE  THEIR  IJOALITIES 

to  be  unexcelled  by  any  strain  ol 
Italian  bees  on  earth.  A  rare  embodimem 
of  all  the  desirable  traits  with  the  bat 
eliminated.  A  strain  evolred  by  years  o 
constant  study  and  endeavor.  I  want  ever; 
progressive  bee-keeper  to  test  this  wv 
strain,  and  will  be  pleased  to  till  orders  fo 
untested  at  Si.OO  each.  Special  price 
cheerfully  quoted  on  special  queens  and  oi 
quantities.  Let  me  -send  you  my  circulai 
It's  ready  now. 

LAWRENCE   C.  MILLER, 

p.  O.Box  1113.  Providence,  R.  I. 


SHINE! 

The  Empire  Washer  Company,  Jamestown. 
NY.  rnXs  a  Shine  Cabinet,  furnished  with 
foot  stand,  blacking,  russet  dressing,  shoe 
rubber-in  fact,  all  articles  and  materials  need- 
ed  to  keep  shoes  looking  their  best-and  it  is 
made  to  be  fastened  to  the  wall  of  the  toile 
room  or  kitchen,  it  does  away  with  the  jex- 
.tious  searching  after  these  articles  w^'clj  .* 
Jtogether  too  common.  A  postal  w,ll  bring 
yoti  detafls  of  this  and  »th  r  good  things. 


AUSTRALIANS. 

NOTE  the  address— 

Pender  Bros., 

WEST  MAITLAND, 
New  South  Wales,       Australia 

The  largest  manufacturers  of   Beekeepd 
SuDDlies  in  the  Southern  Hemisphere, 
and'^r^fblTslie'-'^    oi   the.  AUSTRALASIA 
BEEKEEPER,   the  leading  bee  journal  so  jl 
of  the  equator.  i 

Sample  copy  and  64-page  catalogue,  FR|? 
6-tf 


es. 


rb»] 


3  and  5=BANDED  ITALIAN 

and  CARNIOLAN  QUEENS. 


AY  FRIENDS,  you  who  have  supportwl  us  during  the  past  season, 
we  desire  to  express  our  thanks  for  your  patronage  in  the  past, 
and  res])ectfully  solicit  a   continuance  of  your     valued     favors 
through  the  season  of  1904. 

Our  queens  now  stand  upon  their  merits  and  former  record. 
We  are  preparing  for  next  season,  and  seelving  the  patronage  of 
hirge  apiarists  and  dealers.  We  do  not  claim  that  our  queens  are 
superior  to  all  others,  but  that  they  are  as  good  as  the  best.  We 
will  furnish  from  one  to  a  thousand  at  the  following  prices: 
Tested  of  either  race,  $1;  one  untested.  Toe,  5  for  $3.25,  10  for  $6, 
15  for  $8.25,  25  for  $12.50,  50  for  $23.50,  100  for  $45. 
descriptive    circulars    address. 


For 


JOHN  W.   PHARR,   Prop., 

New  Century  Queen  Rearing  Co.,  Berclair,  Qoliad  Co.,  Texas. 


HOMESEEKERS 

AND  INVESTORS,  who  are  interest- 
ed in  the  Southern  section  of  the 
Union,  should  subscribe  for  THE 
DIXIE  HOMESEEKER,  a  handsome 
illustrated  magazine,  describing  ttve 
industi'ial  development  of  the  South, 
and  its  many  advantages  to  homeseek- 
ers  and  investors.  Sent  one  year  on 
trial  for  15c. 

Address, 

THE  DIXIE    HOMESEEKER, 
West  Appomattox,  Va. 


Pineapples,  Oranges,  Grape  Fruit 

Made  a  Specialty  for  Non-Resident  Owners 
and    Intending    Settlers    in    the 

Lovely   Lake  Region  of  South   Florida. 

20  per   cent,    annual    return    on    investment. 

Pure  air,  pure  water,  no  mosquitoes.  Hik! 
pine  and  oak  land,  bordered  by  fresh  water 
lakes,  suited  to  all  cirtus  fruits  and  pineapples. 
Good  title.  Time  payments.  Address  for  de- 
scriptive matter,  W.  E.  Pabor,  Manager  Pa- 
bor  Lake   Pineries,   Avon   Park,   Fla.  tf 

When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


To  Sul>«crlbeni  of 
THE  AMERICAN  BEE=KEEPER 

And  Othem! 

Until  Further  Notice 

We  WUl  Send  The 

Country 
Journal 

to  any  address  in  the  U.  S.  A.,  one 
year  for  10  cents,  proTlding  y©u 
mention  American  Bee-Keeper. 

The  Country  Journal  treata  on 
Farm,  Orchard  and  Garden.  Poul- 
try and  Fashion.  It's  the  beat  pa- 
per printed  for  the  price. 

Address, 

The  Country  Journal, 

Alleatown.  Pa. 

2tf 


POULTRY  NEWS. 

25  Ct.s.  A  Year.  Ad.  rate  70e.  An  Inch 
Circulation   10,000   Monthly. 

Bee  Department  in  eharge  of  W.  W. 
Fowler,    of   Ardslev,    N.    Y 

XEAV  BRUNSWICK,  NEW  JERSEY. 


WE  HAVE  GROWN 

Too   Big  for  Our   Present  Quarters* 

The  rapid  expansion  of  our  business  has  driven  us  out, 
and  on  January  1st,  we  will  be  located  at  No.  51  Walnut 
Street.  This  forced  change  will  remove  us  only  half  a 
block  from  our  old  home,  but  there  we  will  have  four 
floors  with  increased  facilities,  a  tremendous  new  stock  of 
bee  supplies. 

WE  HAVE  TO  DO  THIS.  WE  LEAD. 

In  the  new  place  nothing:  will  be  lacking-.  You  will 
find  a  complete  line  of  everything  in  the  bee  line. 

The  MUTH  SPECIAL,  the  REGULAR  STYLE  OF 
DOVE  TAILS,  DANDANT'S  FOUNDATION,  etc.  Special 
discounts  fo   early  orders. 

COME  AND  SEE  US. 

QUEEN  BEES  and  Nuclei  in  season.     Write  for  catalog. 

THE  FRED  W.    flUTH  CO., 

Front  and  Walnut.  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 


Strawberries. 

Young,  healthy,  fresh,  vigor- 
ous stock  in  prime  condition  for 
spring  planting. 

All 

Leading 
V  a  r ieties 

Write  lor  prices  and  te^rns. 

MONROE    STRAWBERRY    CO., 

Box  66  MONROE,  MICH. 

HARE,  HUTCH  AND  HENNERY 

SAMPLE  COPY  FREE. 

The  only  paper  in  the  U.  ?.  devoted 
to  BELGIAN  HARES. 

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raising  Belgians.     Address, 

a.  H.  CASSENS,  Pub., Belfast,  Maine 


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ADD.  MAYES  PUB.  CO., 
LOUISVILLE,       -        KENTUCKY. 


Vol.  XIV 


JANUARY,    1904 


No.  I 


COMB  BUILDING. 


An  Analysis  of  Cause  and  Effect  in  Relation  to  the 
Construction  of  Drone  and  Worker  Cells. 

By  W.  W.  McXeal. 

NATURE  has  decreed  that  every 
colony  of  bees  shall  have  a  con- 
stituency of  (1)  a  queen;  (2) 
worker-bees;  (3)  drone  bees.  She  has 
ordained  each  of  a  kind  to  a  particular 
mission  in  life:  the  (lueen  to  populate 
the  hive;  the  worker  to  gattJer  honey 
and  build  the  honey-comb;  and  the 
drone  to  beautify  the  young  queen.  To 
insure  this  order  of  insect  life  it  is 
necessary  for  the  bees  to  build  comb 
suitable  for  all  propagating  purposes. 
That  there  are  certain  agencies  whii  Ji 
preclude  the  building  of  Avorker-comb 
and  intensify  intei'est  in  the  produc- 
tion of  drone  comb,  is  beyond  conjec- 
ture. A  knowledge  of  those  influences 
and  the  ability  to  avoid  tlieiu,  [jrac- 
ticaJly  makes  a  master  of  bees. 

The  building  of  v,'Oi"-ier-coinb  signi- 
fies contentment,  but  drone-comb  im- 
plies that  there  is  a  feeling  of  inse- 
curit.v  or  one  of  dissatisfaction;  and, 
therefore,  it  often  stands  a  monuiuent 
to  iJu'  caprices  of  a  romantic  <iueen. 
The  mere  presence  of  the  oue<?n  on 
t-ombs  under  jtrocess  of  construction 
docs  not  necessarily  mean  chat  siie  is 
in  full  symjiathy  with  home  interests. 
The  coachings  of  instinct  mak'^  tlie 
workers  alert  in  this  matter,  and  as 
soon  as  they  anticipate  the  probable 
loss  of  their  (jueen,  preparations  for 
the  rearing  of  drones  are  at  once  be- 
gun. 

A  queenless  colony  will  invariably 
build   drone  comb   and    nothing   short 


of  a  good  laying  queen  would  ever 
make  it  think  of  building  worker- 
comb. 

The  same  teachings  are  to  be  met 
with  in  a  nucleus  where  the  queen 
can  easily  keep  pace  with  the  comb- 
builders.  Just  as  long  as  there  is 
contentment  within  the  hive,  the  little 
colony  will  build  worker-comb.  But 
when  the  leaven  of  discontent  begins 
to  work,  and  they  contemplate  swarm- 
ing, the  wax-workers  switch  off  onto 
drone  comb,  with  the  queen  following 
in   close   pursuit. 

It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  black 
bees  build  more  worker-comb,  as  a 
rule,  than  Italians,  because  they  are 
less  given  to  swarming. 

AVe  have  heard  it  said  that  a  swarm 
builds  drone  comb  for  store  purposes, 
the  reason  assigned  being  that  it  is 
more  economical  of  time  and  wax  to 
do  so.  But  bees  do  not  build  comb 
simply  for  store  puri)oses;  that  is  a 
secondary  matter  with  them.  Di'one 
comb  will  not  be  used  in  the  fall  of 
the  year  for  honey  when  there  is 
worker-comb  at  hand;  thus  shibwing 
they  do  not  have  a  preference  for  it  at 
any  time.  If  the  production  of  drone- 
comb  were  true  economy,  why  don't 
the  bees  of  a  swarm  practice  it  right 
from  the  start?  At  no  subsequent 
time  is  the  demand  for  store-comb  so 
urgent,  nor  could  that  doctrine  of 
economics  l>e  more  clearly  demonstrat- 
ed. But.  do  the  bees  build  drone-comb 
at  that  time?  No.  It  is  only  when 
the  hive  has  been  partly  filled  with 
worker-comb  that  local  conditions 
arise  to  divert,  or,  the  desire  to  swarm 
again,  causing  a  ferment  among  them, 
do  they  build  drone-comb. 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


January 


However,  for  the  sake  of  science  in 
bee-culture,  we  will  grant  that  by  a 
concentration  of  forces  at  a  given 
^oint,  so  easily  effected  at  time  of 
hiving,  places  such  a  great  amount 
of  wax  at  the  disposal  of  the  little 
company  of  comb-builders,  they  feel 
justified  in  the  expenditure  of  it  for 
the  more  costly  (?)  worker-comb.  As 
the  work  advances  and  the  colony 
breaks  up  into  groups  of  various  sizes, 
some  of  these  groups  may  be  embar- 
rassed by  a  shortage  of  wax.  Or,  that 
on  account  of  the  desertions  in  the 
ranks  of  the  builders  as  they  attain 
the  age  for  foraging,  it  becomes  neces- 
sary for  tliem  to  use  a  shorter  cut, 
so  to  speak,  to  keep  abreast  of  the 
field-gatherers.  Now,  upon  a  super- 
ficial view,  that  might  be  taken  con- 
clusively; but  please  note  that  drone- 
9SBaojs  :^Du:jsdj  :^on  saop  poo.iq  ajeq.M 
'j«:}sni.:)  sqj  }o  J9:^u30  aqj  niojj  ai^otn 
-a.i  soaq  esoqj  .^q  paj.iB^s  :jsjy  st  qmoo 
room.  Those  little  companies  of  work- 
ers, being  too  busily  engaged  to  ex- 
plore the  combs  of  the  hive,  come  to 
feel  their  isolation  and  deprivation  of 
the  com])anionship  of  tlie  queen;  then 
they  build  drone-comb.  Look  at  it 
in  this  way:  Bees  will  build  queen 
cells  in  any  part  of  the  hive  where 
brood,  in  any  manner,  is  separated 
from  the  main  brood  nest.  Now,  it 
bees  on  old  combs  containing  brood  in 
all  stages  of  development  and  these 
combs  adjoining  those  wliere  the 
queen  holds  forth,  feel  the  isolation 
and  loss  of  the  queen  to  such  an  ex- 
tent that  tlie.v  seek  to  repair  her  loss, 
why  doesn't  the  same  hold  true  in  tlie 
other  case?  The  fact  that  the  queen 
of  a  swarm  often  seeks  drone-comb 
and  occupies  it  with  brood  when  there 
is  unoccui)ied  worker-comb  awaiting 
her  is  significant,  and,  un(}uestional)l.y, 
it  points  back  to  the  primitive  purpose 
of  drone-comb. 

There  is  a  two-fold  purpose,  never- 
theless, in  tlie  laying  of  drone-eggs 
when  the  queen  has  calculations  of  her 
own.  rile  nurse  bees  are  clamoring 
for  l)rood  and  were  the  queen  to  at- 
temi»t  to  gratify  their  wishes  by  lay- 
ing none  but  worker-eggs  she  would 
be,  conse(iuentl.v,  in  no  fit  condition 
to  accomitany  the  swarm  when  it  is- 
sutid  from  its  newly-furnisiied  home. 
By  laying  drone-eggs  she  can  reduce 
her   avoirdupois   while   maintaining   a 


given  demand  for  the  food  secretion* 
of  the  nurse  bees.  One  drone  larvae  re- 
quires for  its  development,  food  suffi- 
cient to  mature  several  worker  larvae. 
In  this  manner  the  queen  meets  the  ex- 
igencies of  the  case  without  any  seri- 
ous inconvenience  to  herself.  When  the 
time  arrives  for  the  departure  of  the 
swarm,  there  is  then  every  necessary 
means  for  tliose  left  behind,  to  renew 
their  joys  in  another  queen  mother. 

How  beautifully  perfect  are  the 
combs  built  under  the  guidance  of  a 
home-loving  queen  in  the  bloom  and 
vigor  of  youth!  Her  contented  way 
sheds  an  influence  through  eveiy  part 
of  the  hive;  and,  no  matter  how  pres- 
sing are  th,e  needs  of  store-comb,  the 
bees  do  not  consider  it  an  advantage 
to  them  to  build  anything  but  worker- 
comb.  When  their  wax-secreting  ma- 
chinery is  running  full  blast  they  do 
not  care  for  comb  with  fewer  parti- 
tions in  it.  Their  queen  is  Avilling  to 
plod  along  with  the  use  of  the  smaller 
cells,  and  why  shoiddn't  they  continue 
to  make  them?  Their  mathematicians 
fail  to  figure  that  there  will  be  any 
gain  in  time  by  making  the  larger  and 
thiclvcr    combs. 

There  can  be  only  so  many  bees, 
working  on  the  knife-like  edge  of  the 
comb  at  the  same  time,  whether  it  be 
drone  or  worker-coml).  The  cell  walls 
are  brought  up  later  by  a  different 
force  of  I)ees  who  must  wait,  patient- 
ly or  otherwise,  till  tlie  foundation  of 
the  coml)  l»as  been  laid  by  a  limited 
few.  Why  should  tliose  industrious 
toilers  further  retiird  labor  on  tbe 
comb,  in  like  manner,  l)y  framing  it 
with  fewer  side  walls — walls  to  fi^t 
those  born  idlers,  the  drones? 

Evidence  one  more  example  of  this 
kind.  In  the  crowded  brood-chamber 
of  an  establislied  colon.v,  having  no  su- 
per-combs for  the  storage  of  hone.v,  the 
bees  will  fill  an  empt,y  frame  given  " 
them,  with  drone-comb  and  drone- 
brood  tlv)ngli  thousands  of  comb-build- 
ers are  idle  and  storage  room  is  sore- 
ly needed.  Ah,  there  is  no  mistaking 
the  motive  in  such  action  at  any  time* 
Drone-comb  is  the  expression  of  a  love 
of  the  assuring  jiresence  of  those  big 
gentlemen  Avhenever  a  spirit  of  ad- 
venture pervades  the  ranks  of  the 
coinb-builders.     Natural  drone-comb  i» 


1904 


THE  AMERICAN   BEE-KEErER 


probably  just  as  expensive  to  make  as 
worker-comb.  The  cells  are  necessari- 
ly deeper  and  the  greater  distance  be- 
tween cell-walls  make  it  more  diffi- 
cult for  the  bees  to  steady  themselves 
while  working  on  them.  Taking  all 
this  in  connection  with  the  greater 
amount  of  wax  tUley  would  drop  to 
the  floor  of  the  hive,  may  offset  the 
apparent  gain  to  the  bees  by  the  more 
open  construction   of    drone-comb. 

The  more  we  come  to  know  those 
things  that  are  grievous  to  bees  and 
tend  to  provoke  them  to  acts  of 
swarming;  in  short,  when  we  learn 
hpw  to  win  them  from  their  wayward 
propensities,  will  we  be  able  to  sys- 
tematize the(  production  of  worker- 
comb  without  the  aid  of  comb  founda- 
tion. I  hope  there  are  many  persons 
among  the  hosts  of  Bee-Keeper  read- 
ers who  are  willing  to  help  the  good 
work  along.  For,  as  the  bees  build 
the  honey-comb,  so  may  we  move 
steadily  onward  by  a  concerted  effort, 
till  that  grand  achievement  is  recorded 
to  the  glory  of  honey-producers  and 
the  enduring  good  of  apiculture. 

Wheelersburg,   OMo,  i_  ec.  3,  1903. 


QUEEN  REARING. 


The  Art  as  Practiced  by  a  British  Expert. 
By  John  Hewitt. 

DEAR  MR.  HILL:  In  all  the 
American  bee  papers  I  see  from 
time  to  time  a  lot  of  silly  stuff 
about  rearing  queens.  The  so-called 
Doolittle  system  of  making  artificial 
cells  and  putting  in  royal  food  being 
about  the  favorite.  All  that  Doolittle 
discovered  ( ?)  will  be  found  in  Huber's 
book,  published  over  100  years  ago. 
Huber  also  showed  that  bees,  in  select- 
ing larvae  to  rear  into  queens  always 
began  on  those  two  days  old;  this 
being  so — and  I  know  he  is  right — how 
•can  any  one  expect  to  get  bees  to  start 
on  larvae  just  hatched  from  the  egg? 

Thlere  is  another  fact,  which  I  soon 
found  out,  and  that  is,  the  bees  quick- 
ly remove  all  the  royal  food  Doolittle 
directs  to  be  put  in  the  cells,  as  they 
will  anything  else  they  have  not  stored; 
this  led  me  to  try  putting  in  larvae 
without  the  food  and  I  then  found  they 
developed  almost  every  one  into 
queens,  instead  of  just  a  few.  I  now 
pared  drone-comb  down,    cut    it    into 


strips  and  put  a  larvae  in  every  alter- 
nate  cell  and  these  were  all  rearetl  into 
queens,  although  tliei(>  uas  not  a  trace 
of  royal  food  or  the  base  of  a  queen 
cell. 

I  did  not.  hoM-ever.  feel  satisfie^l  as 
if  I  gave  just  hatched  larvae,  they  at 
once  dried  up  in  the  cells  and  veiy 
few  would  be  developed.  I  then 
adopted  the  plan  of  giving  the  larvae 
two  days  old.  which  were  all  soon  on 
their  way  to  become  queens;  when  the 
cells  were  half-built  I  remove  these 
larvae  and  put  in  others  just  hatched 
from  the  egg.  so  that  they  tumbled 
as  it  were  into  a  perfect  bath  of  royal 
food;  these  queens  invariably  hatched 
out   into   splendid    specimens. 

Always  on  the  "mend,"  I  now  used 
drone  larvae  two  days  old,  for  the  fol- 
lowing reasons;  The  bees  start  queen 
cells  on  them  just  as  readily  as  on 
worker  larvae,  and  should  one  get 
missed  or  overlooketl,  it  develops  into 
a  drone  and  not  a  small  queen  to  play 
"old  Harry"  two  days  too  soon,  and 
when  one  has  to  depend  on  help,  it 
does  not  do  to  take  risks. 

I  soon  got  tired  of  hunting  out  drone 
comb  and  cutting  it  into  strips,  so  I 
made  a  machine  to  make  50  cell  cups 
at  once;  these,  held  at  exactly  the  right 
distances  in  a  frame  are  dipped  into 
molten  wax  and  then  immediately 
stuck  on  a  stick,  as  soon  as  the  wax 
gets  cold  the  cells  are  all  fastened  to 
the  stick  and  are  ready  for  larvae. 

If  all  the  queen  rearing  is  done  in 
full  stocks,  having  the  swarming  fever 
on,  no  cell  needs  to  be  cut  out,  as  the 
bees  will  protect  the  queens,  and  Avhat 
is  more,  so  long  as  the  swarming  fe- 
ver is  kept  on,  the  bees  will  start  and 
seal  cells  as  fast  as  you  give  them  no 
matter  how  many  they  may  have  seal- 
ed or  queens  already  hatched  and 
ripening. 

There  is  one  very  big  advantage  in 
this,  as  every  queen  is  examined  be- 
fore putting  to  a  nucleus  to  mate  and 
all  that  do  not  "come  up  to  the  mark" 
are  destroyed,  hence  I  have  no  second 
or  third  class  queens. 

If  queens  are  reared  on  these  lines 
and  given  to  good  strong  nuclei  to 
mate,  I'll  guarantee — if  good  breeding 
queens  are  used  as  mothers — the  bees 
produced  by  those  queens  will  never 
spring  dwindle  or  suffer  from  winter 
dysentery.    I  make  this  assertion  after 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


Januaiy 


17  years  experience,  in  which,  I  have 
sold  thousands  of  queens  guaranteed 
against  this  eomphiint  with  never  a 
failure. 

Whatever  may  be  said  in  favor  of 
"Nature."  it  is  the  only  plan  I  know 
of  in  which  queens  can  be  reared  arti- 
ficially direct  from  the  egg.  and  it  cer- 
tainly" produces  better  queens  than 
when  left  to  natural  development. 

Of  course,  there  will  be  plenty 
of  queen  breeders  who  will  swear  by 
■their  own  methods,  but  where  is  there 
one  who  will  guarantee  his  queens  to 
produce  bees  proof  against  spring 
dwindling  or  winter  dysentery  like  I 
have  been  doing  ever  since  1889?  If  I 
could  not  produce  such  bees,  how  is 
it  people  send  to  me  for  all  their 
queens,  and  I  have  yet  to  receive  the 
iirst  report  of  such  a  lot  of  bees? 

I  don't  wish  readers  to  infer  that 
I  use  artificial  cell  cups  in  every  in- 
stance, because  I  don't,  for  the  bees 
will  start  cells  of  their  own,  which 
instead  of  removing,  I  remove  the  in- 
cluded larvae  and  put     in     one     just 


hatched  from  the  e^ 


Another   fact 


some  queen  breeders  will  not  swallow, 
is.  the  large  number  of  queens  I  pro- 
duce on  my  system— 500  per  week 
from  one  hive  is  nothing  to  wonder 
at,  while  anything  under  100  leads  me 
to'  suspect  something  is  wrong  and 
more  than  this.  I  never  cut  a  cell  out, 
all  being  hatched  in  the  stocks  they 
are  reared  in,  being  naturally  protect- 
ed and  fed  by  the  bees  in  their  ceils 
for  two  days  at  least. 
Sheffield,  England. 

BEESWAX. 


Something  of  Its  Use  in  tlie   Arts  and   Sciences'of 
Ancienl'and  IModernJImes. 
By  Dickson  D.  Alley. 

THE  OTHI-m  DAY,  while  looking 
at  a  beautiful  piece  of  honey- 
comb and  admiring  the  wonder- 
ful work  of  the  bees,  I  began  wonder- 
ing if  the  average  bee-keeper  knew 
what  uses  beeswax  was  put  to,  aftir 
he  had  disposed  of  it  to  the  dealer. 
The  apiarist  is  familiar  with  the  man- 
ner in  which  his  wife  uses  it  to  rub 
on  her  flat-iron  or  to  draw  her  thread 
through,  when  engaged  in  heavy  sew- 
ing. While  he  receives  part  of  it 
back  in  the  shape  of  foundation. 


Among  the   ancients  it   was  an  ex- 
tensive  article    of    commerce.       They 
used   it    largely    in   all    their   religious 
ceremonies,  embalming  their  dead,  and 
as  an  ingredient  in  precious  ointments 
and  salves.      The  Roman   used   it  for 
coating  his   writing   tablets  on   which 
he  indicted  his  thoughts  with  the  sty- 
lus, an  instrument  the  prototype  of  our 
lead  pencil.     Combined  with  other  re- 
sins   the    ancients    calked    the    seams 
of  their  galleys  to  render  them  water- 
tight. The  Romans  bronze  workers  and 
silversmiths  used  beeswax  extensively 
in  their  art.     First  making  the  model 
in  beeswax  and  forming  a  mould  over 
it  of  moulding   sand.     Then   applying 
heat  and   melting  out  the   wax,   leav- 
ing the  impression  of  the  original  in 
the  mould,  into  which  they  poured  the 
molten  bronze.     The  Chinese  also  use 
this  process  in  their  bronze  castings, 
it  being  applicable  to   the   most  com- 
plicated forms  of  the  original   model: 
such  as  the  foliage  of  trees,  etc.     The 
whole  casting  being  made  in  one  piece; 
whereas,    in    modern   bronze   founding 
the   original  is  covered  with  a  mould 
which  may  consist  of  many  pieces  fit- 
ting together.    In  large  castings  neces- 
sitating the  cutting  of  the  model  into 
several    pieces    to    be    cast   separately 
and  afterward  braze<l  together  in  the 
finishied  product. 

The  beautiful  vases  and  other  ob- 
jects of  the  silversmith's  art.  are  all 
modeled  in  beeswax,  to  which  has 
been  added  some  fatty  substance  and 
powdered  sulphur  to  keep  it  pliable. 
A  great  many  of  our  public  statues 
have  been  modeled  in  this  material. 

I>angstroth  says:  "Wax  candles  were 
earlv  introduced— with  symbolical  sig- 
nification—into Christian  worship,  and 
are  still  so  employed  in  the  Roman 
Catholic  church."  The  Episcopal 
church  also  uses  wax  candles  to  .some 
extent.  For  this  purpose  the  wax  is 
bleached  as  white  as  snow. 

Wax  is  used  by  engravers  for  cov- 
ering copper  plates  with  a  thin  coat, 
through  which  they  scratch  the  design 
down  to  the  copper;  this  is  afterward 
submitted  to  an  etching  bath  of  weak 
acid  which  eats  th/e  exposed  copper, 
leaving  that  part  of  the  plate  coated 
by  the  wax  untouched. 

Who  has  not  heard  of  Mr.  Jarley's 
wax  works?  life-size  and  realistic  fig- 
ures made  famous  by  Mr.  Dickens  in 


1904 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


one  of  his  stones.  In  Mme.  Taussand's 
celebrated  wax  fi-ure  show,  of  Lou- 
don, and  the  equally  good  show  in  the 
Eden  Musee,  New  York  City  may  be 
seen  in  wax,  all  the  celebrated  person- 
ages of  history,  in  realistic  attitudes 
and  besides  all  these  may  be  mention- 
ed the  innumerable  show  figures  used 
by  tradesmen  for  the  display  of  their 
goods. 

It  is  also  used  by  electricians  as  an 
insulator;  by  dentists  to  obtain  an  im- 
pression of  the  patient's  jaws;  by 
chemists  for  dipping  glass  stoppers  to 
bottles  containing  strong  acids  and 
alkalies;  medicinally  as  an  ingredient 
in  many  preparations.  It  is  used  in 
a  photographic  process  for  the  produc- 
tion of  carbon  prints;  for  polishing 
hard-wood  floors,  and  by  decorative 
painters  as  a  glaze. 

As  the  cold  weather  is  hfere  and  the 
bees  are  temporarily  out  of  business, 
why  not  start  a  discussion  as  to  the 
uses  of  the  products  of  our  little 
friends  the  bees? 

Yonkers,  N.  Y.,  Xov.  17.  1903 


THE  BEE  IN  THE  GREEN  HOUSE. 

By  M.  F.  Reeve. 

THE  CUCUMBER  grower  has  no 
more  useful  ally  than  the  honey 
bee,  and  the  same  industrious, 
unpaid  laborer,  will  do  good  service 
among  tomato  and  eggplant  blossoms. 
Every  New  England  gardener  has  one 
or  more  swarms  of  bees  and  a  hive  is 
carried  into  the  forcing  house  soon 
after  the  cucumbers  are  planted  so 
that  the  bees  may  be  ready  to  visit 
the  -first  blossom.  The  cucumber,  like 
other  i^lants  of  its  tribe,  bears  two 
kinds  of  blossoms  on  the  same  vine; 
one  sort  has  stamens,  the  other  pistils! 
It  is  necessary  for  the  pollen  of  the 
former  to  be  carried  to  the  latter.  This 
work  was  formerly  done  by  hand,  with 
a  camel's  hair  brush,  until  it  was 
found  that  the  same  result  could  be 
attained  more  easily  and  cheaply 
through  the  agency  of  bees.  The  little 
insects  are  also  more  certain  to  find 
and  fertilize  all  the  cucumber  blossoms 
than  even  an  expert  human  operator. 

Many  tomato  growers  who  carry  on 
operations  in  winter  under  glass  have 
found  that  a  hive  of  bees  in  the  forc- 
ing house  adds  to  the  certainty  of 
pollenizing  the    blossoms.      The  New 


England  growers  nearly  all  employ 
bees  for  the  purpose  of  fertilizing  their 
under-glass  crops.  Fifty  cents  per 
pound  has  been  a  common  New  York 
quotation  for  winter  tomatoes 

A  green  house  man  near  by  my  place 
complained  to  me.  "your  bees  have 
])layed  the  mischief  with  my  carna- 
tions. I  had  a  lot  of  plants  which  I 
had  cross-fertilized  with  pollen  for 
getting  bigger  blooms.  The  bees  got 
in  among  them  and  mixed  up  the  varie- 
ties everyhow  and  I  got  all  kinds  of 
variegated  plants." 

I  .suggested  that  thereafter  he  en- 
close the  pollenized  flowers  with 
y-auze  until  they  w^-nt  to  seed,  seeing 
that  the  end  he  wanted  was  to  get  the 
seeds  to  determine  the  result  of  his 
experiment.  He  did  so  and  informed 
me  that  things  had  turned  out  .just  as 
he  desired  and  that  he  had  a'cania- 
tion  that  would  make  the  famous 
Lawson  .no.CK30  one  look  like  thirty 
cents  for  size  and  color. 

The  land  grower  who  was  experi- 
menting with  growing  winter  tomatoes 
III  one  of  the  green  houses  and  had 
had  indifferent  success,  borrowed  a 
hive  of  bees  and  was  enthusiastic  over 
the  results.  He  said  the  tomatoes 
were  in  greater  profusion  and  ripened 
much  l)etter,  and  at  a  time  Avheii  they 
brought  more  money.  Incidentally 
the  bees  having  the  run  of  the  green 
house  were  of  service  in  other  fertiliz- 
ing work. 
Rutledge,  Pa. 


BEE   HUMBUG. 

"It  is  passing  strange  what  a  lot 
of  freak  idea,s  exist  about  the  bee 
and  how,  like  a  snowball,  the  rolling 
nonsense  has  gathered  unto  itself  in 
its  progress  the  vaporings  of  every 
idle  dreamer,  of  eveiy  'emotional  fic- 
tionist."— Arthur  C.  Miller,  in  Amer- 
ican Bee-Keeper.  Mr.  Miller  follo'ws 
on  Avith  the  startling  assertion  that 
"the  bee  is  a  thoroughly  selfish  ani- 
mal." He  says  that  the  manifold  la- 
bors of  the  worker  are  only  the  ex- 
pression of  the  "parental  instinct." 
But  when  did  "parental  instinct"  come 
to  spell  selfishness?  With  such  views 
A.  C.  Miller  is  likely  to  feel  lomely.— 
Irish  Bee  Journal. 


Can  you  send  us  just  one  new  sub- 
scriber? 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


January 


A  MILK  AND  HONEY  FARM. 

By  Kev.  C.  M.  Herring. 

SVVn  A  FARM  is  run  successfully 
in  Brunswick.  Me.,  by  Mr. 
Charles  D.  Winslow.  who  is  a 
youns;  man  of  broad  intelligence  and 
"agrt^§ive  enterprise.  At  the  age  of  19 
lie  conceived  the  idea  of  uniting  the 
l)nsiness  of  milk  and  honey-raising. 
And  looking  forward  to  the  possession 
of  a  farm  that  was  destined  soon  to 
!)»'  liis  own.  lie  purchased  of  me  a  hive 
of  bees,  wliicli.  up  to  now.  has  increas- 
ed to  40  strong  colonies. 

With  tliesc  and  lilt  cows,  largely  Jer- 
sev.  he  has  stocked  his  farm. 


and  he  is  destined  to  make  his  mark 
as  a  milk  and  honey  man.  He  is  yet 
a  single  gentleman,  but  he  is  popular 
among  the  ladies,  and  he  will,  ere 
long,  make  an  adventure  for  life.  If  1 
should  tie  the  knot,  his  "honey-moon," 
would  be  to  me  as  the  sun  at  noon. 
I  think  this  example  of  push  and  en- 
terprise should  attract  the  attention  of 
all  young  men.  And  especially  of  all 
fanners,  who  would  make  the  most  of 
their  noble  calling. 

Brunswick.  Me.  Nov.  12.  19<)3. 


CH.\S.  D.  WINSLOW 


He  thinks  the  best  fodder  he  can 
raise  for  his  cows  is  alsike  clover, 
winch  also  affords  the  best  supply  of 
nectar  for  his  bees.  These  two  pro- 
ducts he  brings  to  the  city  every  <lay 
in  liis  milk  cart,  on  which  is  written. 
in  large  letters-'Ture  Honey  and  .ler- 
sev   Milk." 

His  charming  white  clover  Ivmey 
connnands  a  quick  sale  at  2r>  cents  per 
pound,  and  his  rich  yellow  milk  joined 
witli  his  honey,  make  a  commodity 
that  pleases  liis  customers.  Also,  It 
not  dnlv  furnislies  his  table  with  at- 
tractive sweetness,  but  it  keeps  his 
I»ocket-book  well  lined  with  fives  and 
tens.    His  work  is  brisk  and  groAving, 


WIRING   BROOD   FRAMES. 

The  Way  it  is  Done  by  a  Bee-keeper  of  California. 
By  H.  M.  Jameson. 

FRIEND  HILL:  Much  has  been 
written  and  printed  in  the  bee- 
papers  about  wiring  frames,  in 
fact,  a  lot  of  "wire-pulling"  to  accom- 
plish little.  They  drive  nails,  etc..  for 
tension.  Nothing  but  hard  work  comes 
of  this.  Then  they  hatch  up  some  jig- 
ger to  hold  the  frame  to  stand  the  hard 

pull. 

:Most  bee-keepers  have  plenty  ot  room 
out  of  doors.  Instead  of  causing  the 
wire  to  kink  ajid  crawl  by  winding 
about  something,  unwind  and  sti-aight- 
en  it  out.  I  fasten  the  wire  near  the 
shop  door,  having  the  spool  on  a  spin- 
dle. I  walk  out  through  the  olive 
grove,  now  and  then  giving  the  wire 
a  pull,  walk  on  till  tlie  whole  is  run 
out,  if  so  much  is  desired,  giving  it 
a  final  pull  stretching  it  several  rods 
if  on  a  hot  day.  It  will  then  be  limp 
as  a  string.  If  it  breaks  in  pulling  out 
no  harm  is  done. 

The  frame  is  pierced  for  four  wires 
and  I  get  the  best  results  by  crossing 
the  center  wires;  this  leaves  practical- 
ly three  in  the  center  with  four  at 
either  end.  The  wire  draws  through 
the  frame  as  would  a  string.  With  a 
little  practice  you  can  measure  thfe 
amount  you  need  for  the  frame  when 
you  pull  through  the  upper  holes,  or 
the  first  pull,  i.  e.,  just  enough  to 
reve  through  the  balance  of  the 
frame,  having  it  come  just  long  enough 
to  engage  the  tack  or  nail  to  hold  it. 
Now  take  a  turn  of  wire  around  the 
fore-finger  of  right  hand,  with  glove 
on.  bracing  the  thumb  against  the 
frame,  which  you  have  loose.  With 
the  fingers  of  the  left  hand  bear  down 


1904 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


the  thii'il  wii-e  from  the  top,  then  the 
second,  taking:  up  the  shack  with  thie 
right  hand  till  the  wires  sing,  and  fast- 
en as  usual. 

Fasten  the  foundation  to  top-bar  and 
draw  smooth.  With  the  fore-finger 
nail  of  left  hand  draw  the  upper  wire 
down  in  the  center  one-half  inch  and 
imbed  there,  keeping  the  sheet  smooth, 
imbed  the  crossed  wires  by  catching 
the  lower  one  with  thumb  nail  of  left 
hand,  push  it  up  one-fourth  inch  and 
imbed  there.  The  upper  wire  by  being 
sagged  will  hold  and  not  sag  more, 
while  the  lower  one  will,  if  the  founda- 
tion does,  thereby  keeping  it  smooth 
in  center  where  it  always  sinks  the 
most.  There  will  be  no  occasio^  for 
getting  the  frame  out  of  square  in  the 
operation.  The  bight  of  the  wire  will 
not  cut  through  any  ordinary  cloth 
glove. 

I  wish  you  a  fine  turkey  dinner  for 
Thanksgiving. 

Corona,  Cal.,  Nov.  IG,  1903. 


A    MYSTERIOUS   ACT. 


Peculiar  Habit  of  Worker-bees  Revealed  by  Obser- 
vstion,  and  Its  Possible  Bearing  upon  Current 
Subjects  of  Discussion. 

By   Arthur    C.   Miller. 

^^T^EES  do  nothing  invariably," 
£j  quoth  Mr.  Hasty.  Oh,  go  to 
the  bee  thou  skeptic,  and  learn 
of  her  ways  and  be  wise.  In  a  broad 
sense  bees  do  nothing  invariably.  Cer- 
tain general  laws  they  are,  by  force  of 
their  nature,  compelled  to  follow. 
When  man  interferes  they  adapt  them- 
selves to  the  disturbance  and  changed 
conditions  so  far  as  they  can.  When 
they  do  some  seemingly  erratic  th^ng. 
quite  contrary  to  expectations  we  may 
be  sure  that  the  fault  lies  in  our  inter- 
pretation of  the  conditions,  not  in  the 
bees.  As  yet  we  know  very  little  of 
the  laws  of  bee-life.  Certain  general 
habits  we  recognize,  but  the  stimuli 
behind  those  habits  are  more  than  ob- 
scure. 

In  the  American  Bee  .lournal  for 
October  1.  Mr.  Hasty,  in  commenting 
on  my  statements  about  bees'  methods 
of  obtaining  food  from  each  other, 
quotes  an  old  legend  as  to  the  bee's 
manner  of  ripening  nectar,  gently  pro- 
tr\iding  a  minute  drop  on  thle  end  of 
the  ligula     and     then     drawing  it  in 


again."    There  is  just  enough  truth  in 
the  legend  to  make  it  misleading. 

After  an  inflow  of  nectar  or  .syrup 
many  workers  will  be  found  clustered 
quietly,  and  at  first  glance  apparently 
for  no  purpose.  A  little  closer  scrutiny 
will  reveal  the  motion  of  their  mouths 
and  the  appearance  there  of  a  tiny  drop 
of  fluid.  There  it  stays  briefly  and 
then  is  withdraAvn  and  the  mouth  clos- 
ed.    This  operation  is  repeated  for  a 


long  time,  how  long  I  do  not  know, 
for  my  patience  always  gave  out  be- 
fore the  bee's  did.  I  assume  the  oi>e- 
ration  has  to  do  with  the  ripening  or 
conversion  of  the  nectar,  but  whatever 
it's  purpose  it  is  done  entirely  by  the 
mouth,  the  ligula  or  tongue  having 
nothing  to  do  with  it,  being  folded  up 
back  iinder  the  chin.  A  few  diagrams 
may  help  to  make  it  plain. 

Fig.  I  is  the  front  view  of  a  work- 
er's head  as  it  appears  during  the 
operation;  the  dotted  line  N,  showing 
where  the  drop  of  nectar  (?)  apr^eai-s. 


Fig.  II  is  a  sectional  view  of  a  work- 
er's head;  Ibr  is  the  labruni  or  upper 
lip.  mt  is  the  mentuni  or  chin  to  which 
the  tongue  is  attached  and  bends  or 
folds  back  at  B,  but  is  shown  extend- 
ed and  its  parts  separated.  The  man- 
dibles are  not  shown  as  when  the 
tongue  is  not  in  use  it,  is  folded  up 
behind  the  chin  In  the  same  figure 
the  dotted  line  N  rei)resents  the  liquid. 


8 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER        iaBnnBf 


In  Fig.  I  the  mandibles  are  shown 
open,  which  is  the  usual  position  when 
the  bee  is  at  work  about  the  hive,  ex- 
cept when  she  is  carrying  something  or 
using  them  to  push  with  as  when 
packing  pollen  or  working  on  the 
comb. 

Providence,  R.  I.,  Oct.  11,  1903. 


LARGE   HONEY  CROPS. 

By  F.  Greiner. 

MR.  EDITOR:  Allow  me  a  few 
explanatory  remarks  on  the 
above  subject.  The  final  report 
of  Mr.  .Johnson's  large  honey  crop  in 
December  issue,  sounds  fishy  and  no 
mistake.  Mr.  .Johnson  had  not  ought 
to  expect  but  that  such  a  report  would 
be  looked  upon  with  some  suspicion 
by  a  large  number  of  bee-keepers.  To 
my  knowledge  no  such  a  crop  with 
such  increase  has  ever  been  secured 
in  our  Northern  States.  If,  one  year 
with  another,  I  could  do  half  as  well 
I  should  go  into  "bees"  on  a  large 
scale  with  the  expectation  of  soon  be- 
ing able  to  buy  out  Rockefeller  or  any 
other  fellow;  but  unfortunately  I  have 
the  reputation  of  securing  very  small 
yields  generally,  although  I  have 
reached  the  100  pound  mark  three 
times  in  thirty  years. 

The  season  of  1902  is  still  vividly 
in  my  recollection;  it  was  one  of  the 
wettest  I  have  ever  experienced.  It 
could  not  have  been  any  worse,  it 
would  seem.  Clover  was  present  in 
great  abundance,  but  the  bees  wei'e 
kei)t  from  visiting  the  blossoms  for 
more  than  three-fourths  of  the  time. 
I  have  never  passed  through  a  moi-e 
tantalizing  time  with  my  Ijees  than 
that  season.  Abxindance  of  honey  at 
the  door,  plenty  of  bees  to  take  care 
of  it,  but  no  oi)i)ort unity  for  them  to 
gather  it  in.  Strange  as  it  may  seteni 
during  this  most  luifavorable  season 
I  took  from  an  outyard  of  10  colonies 
over  1,800  pounds  of  honey,  half  ex- 
tra<-te<l  and  half  in  comb.  As  1  recol- 
lect, I  have  had  other  hone.v  .seasons 
when  evei"j'  condition  seemed  to  be 
unfavorable.  It  is  not  unreasonable 
to  expect  thai  at  some  time  or  other 
a  season  might  come  around  with  all 
conditions  favorable,  when  a  crop  of 
four  times  as  much  as  I  secin-ed  in 
1902  would  not  be  impossible. 

Tlie  past  buckwheat  season  was  in- 


terrupted in  the  midst  of  its  glory 
by  a  cold  and  wet  spell  which  ended 
it  too  soon  to  make  a  remarkable  re- 
cord, yet  some  colonies,  put  in  best 
possible  shape  at  the  beginning  of  the 
season,  stored  50  pounds  in  sections. 
Seventy-five  could  have  been  easily 
obtained  with  favorable  weather. 

The  rule,  as  I  have  observed,  seems 
to  be  unfavorable  weather  during  the 
honey  flow.  Mr.  Johnson  has  had  a 
season  with  all  conditions  favorable 
and  it  is  my  opinion,  he  will  not  live 
long  enough  to  see  another  season  as 
good. 

Speaking  of  the  different  sources  we 
in  this  part  of  Western  New  York  may 
get  honey  from,  I  might  say  the  fol- 
lowing, in  order  to  show  that  a  very 
large  yield,  like  Mr.  Johnson's  is  pos- 
sible. 

There  have  been  seasons  when  I 
have  seen  my  bees  bring  in  quite  a 
little  honey  of  excellent  flavor  from 
sugar  maple.  It  is  the  earliest  honey 
we  get  here.  Generally  the  weather  is 
unfavorable  during  the  few  days  the 
bloom  lasts.  The  fruit  bloom  comes 
next.  In  some  localities  in  this  State 
yields  of  comb  honey  are  sometimes 
secured.  As  high  a  yield  as  100 
pounds  extracted  honey  has  been  re- 
ported, although  I  have  never  even 
tried  to  have  honey  stored  in  sections 
from  it.  Raspberry  bloom  often  gives 
us  surplus,  and  if  there  were  enough 
locust  trees  within  reach  of  my  bees 
locust  bloom  could  bk?  depended  upon 
to  somewhat  swell  the  crop.  Sumac 
also  figures  as  a  source  of  surplus 
honey  in  my  localitj'.  and  my  whole 
honey  crop  is  often  ruined  by  the  addi- 
tion of  this  amber  honey  to  the  white 
honey  we  are  getting.  White  clover 
I  have  known  to  yield  honey  abun- 
dantly some  three  or  four  times  with- 
in the  past  30  years,  but  12  or  14 
miles  north  of  me  it  yields  very  regu- 
larl.v,  almost  every  year.  Basswood 
usually  yields  honey  when  it  blooms 
and  the  bloom  is  not  destroyed  by 
forest-tent  caterpillar.  Basswood 
and  clover  overlap  each  other,  tlie 
flow  commences  with  latter  and  ends 
with  the  former. 

I  have  recorded  one  season  in  30 
when  my  bees  continutnl  to  store 
honey  all  the  way  along  during  the 
usual  interval  between  basswood  and 
liuchwheat.       Buckwheat  is  more  re- 


1904 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


9 


liable  here  than  is  basswood,  and 
yields  well,  but  some:  years  there  is 
not  enough  sown  within  easy  reach 
of  our  bees.  After  buckwhieat,  I  have 
had  a  good  run  once  in  30  years  fi-oni 
honey  dew.  It  is  an  undesirable  ad- 
junct, still  it  is  honey  and  we  foimd 
willing  buyers  for  it.  There  are  two 
other  plants  which  have  the  name 
of  yielding  honey,  l)ut  so  far  as  I  am 
concerned  they  might  as  well  not  ex- 
ist— "goldynrod  and  sweet  clover."  Un- 
doubtedly they  yield  honey  in  some 
sections  of  New  York,  but  like  catnip, 
the  different  mints,  etc.,  they  amount 
to  nothing  hiere. 

Summing  up  the  matter  it  will  be 
seen  that  with  all  conditions  favorable 
we  might  have  a  continuous  honey 
flow  from  early  spring  till  September 
15.  ^Vhieii  this  happens  the  avei'age 
bee-keeper  could,  without  difficulty,  in- 
crease from  one  colony  and  secure  500 
pounds  of  surplus  from  every  good 
colony  in  the  spring.  Occasionally,  a 
bee-keeper  may  be  so  favored  so  as  to 
reach  this  maximum,  but  1  shoidd  con- 
sider it  an  historical  event.  From 
year  to  year  I  have  looked  forward 
with  the  hope  to  once  be  favored  with 
one  of  those  ideal  honey  seasons,  but 
so  far  in  vain.  Last  season  was  quite 
favorable,  as  compared  with  the  aver- 
age, having  secured  an  average  yield 
of  45  pounds,  mostly  comb  honey.  At 
this  rate  bee-kee])ing  pays  pretty  well. 
If  bee-keepers  all  over  our  land  aver- 
age more  than  that  bee-keeping  Avould 
pay  too  well  and  would  soon  be  over- 
done. 

Naples,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  7,  1903. 


THE  BEST  HONEY  GATHERERS. 

By  ().  :M.  Hlanton. 

ALTHOTMUI  it  is  very  difficult  to 
make  a  pertVct  te.st  of  the  capa- 
bilities of  the  different  strains 
of  bees,  as  to  their  capacity  for  gath- 
ering honey,  I  have  from  many  tests 
in  tvgard  to  them  satisfietl  myself  that 
there  is  little  or  no  difference. 

I  placetl  a  Cypi'ian  and  black  colony 
side  l)y  side,  both  (pieens  of  previous 
season,  and  both  to  all  appearancvs 
equally  strong.  At  the  height  of  the 
honey  flow  remove<l  the  surplus  combs 
of  honey.  The  blacks  had  filled  eleven 
"fombs  completely     full,     and     capped. 


honey,  and  the  Cyprians  ten  combs 
with  the  eleventh  comb  filfed  with  the 
exception  of  .".(»  per  cent,  of  capped 
brood. 

I  also  tested  colonies  of  three-band- 
'ed  and  golden  Italians  and  Holy  Lands 
with  colonies  of  blacks  and  with  about 
the  same  results. 

1  had  them  all  in  Langstroth  hives, 
eleven  frames  in  the  upper  stores  and 
ten  frames  in  lower  brood-chamber. 
All  the  queens  of  the  previous  season. 
I  also  use  20-frame  and  one-stoi-y 
hives,  and  from  one  with  black  bees 
removed  twelve  solid  combs  of  cap- 
ped honey,  the  brood  confined  to  the 
remaining  eight  frames. 

It  was  my  intention  to  weigh  the 
honey  separately  from  each  hive,  but 
being  over  crowded  with  work  was 
unable  to  do  so.  Upon  close  inspection 
of  my  hives  I  could  not  see  any 
marked  differemce  in  the  qualities  of 
the  different  strains.  My  Camiolans 
I  have  not  tested  enough  to  form  a 
correct  opinion  though  they  indicated 
as  good  results. 

The  different  strains  showed  their 
viciousness  in  the  following  order: 
The  Cyprians  almost  intolerable;  next 
the  Holy  Lands,  then  the  Italians,  with 
blacks  and  Carniolans  of  easy  control. 
The  Carniolans  and  blacks  crossed  on 
Cyprians  were  greatly  modified.  Ono 
colony  of  Cornio-Cyprians  were  quite 
gentle. 

I  see  no  advantage  in  Cyprians  at 
honey  gathering,  and  it  is  the  height 
of  folly  to  suffer  such  torture  from 
them  without  any  remuneration.  The 
Cyprians  whipped  me  out  on  several 
occasions  whilst  I  was  endeavoring 
to  remove  the  surjjlus  honey.  Tobac- 
co and  even  sui])hur  could  scarcely 
control  them  when  the  smoke  was 
comparatively  cool.  On  one  occasion 
I  went  through  15  colonies  of  blacks 
and  one  Carnio-Cyprian  without  a 
sting;  and  next  attempted  to  remove 
the  surplus  honey  from  an  imported 
C.vprian,  and  was  completely  driven 
away,  and  next  day  made  the  attempt 
again  with  same  results. 

There  is  no  question  as  to  the  cross- 
ing of  strains  being  of  great  benefit  in 
preventing  deterioration  from  in  and 
in-breeding;  and  Avhile  we  are  so  en- 
gaged it  is  well  to  have  in  view  gen- 
tleness, as  we  gain  nothing  except  tor- 
ture in  handling  the  vicious. 


10 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


January 


I  prefer  for  crossinp;  the  thre<?-baud- 
ed  Italians,  Carniolans  and  blacks.  If 
I  was  left  to  choose  only  one  strain 
of  bees  I  would  he  loath  to  give  up 
the  blacks;  especially  as  they  make 
the  prettiest  comb  honey. 

Greenville,   Miss..  Dec.  7,   1903. 


CHICAGO    NORTHWESTERN 
CONVENTION. 


ARTIFICIAL  POLLEN. 

By    C.   S.   Harris. 

I  WAS  VERY  much  interested  in  the 
editorial  concerning  artificial  pol- 
len in  the  November  issne  of  the 
American  Bee-Keeper.  which  was  on 
a  line  with  my  own  experience  the 
pa.st  season. 

I'suall,v  after  a  good  flow  fi-om  saw 
palmetto,  the  bees  continue  brood-rear- 
ing,  Avhich  keeps  them  in  good  shape 
for  the  cabbage  palmetto,  shortly  to 
follow:  but  this  year  all  colonies  cur- 
tailed their  brood  and  many  queens 
cea.»*ed  laying. 

In  this  i)articular  instance,  as  re- 
•gai'ds  full  colonies,  it  turned  out  to  be 
a  piece  of  good  hick,  as  cabbage  pal- 
metto was  a  complete  failure  and  the 
bees  reared  for  it  would  have  been 
merel.v  consumers:  but  during  the  saw 
palmetto  flow  some  queens  in  nuclei 
had  been  badly  crowded  and.  wanting 
more  brood.  I  end^eavored  to  get  these 
queens  to  lay.  but  with  little  success, 
until  pollen  was  obtained  from  some 
source. 

At  the  time,  a  friend  suggested  that 
a  lack  of  pol](Mi  might  be  the  cause  of 
the  trouble  and  this  seemed  the  more 
likely  from  the  fact  that  the  bees  had 
stored  little  or  no  i)ollen  from  magnolia 
bloom  when,  generally,  the  combs  wex'e 
crowded  with  it  at  this  time. 

Unless  nectar  is  coming  in  freely 
when  magnolia  is  in  iiloom  the  pollen 
from  it  is  apt  to  become  a  nuisanr-e. 
as  the  bees  will  sometimes  lill  several 
combs  in  th^e  middle  of  the  brood  nest 
with  it  and  they  are  much  slower  in 
removing  it  for  the  queen  than  honey 
in  a  like  i>osition. 

This  locality  is  strong  on  pollen,  or. 
always  has  been  heretofore,  and  this 
is  my  first  exjierience  of  a  shortage. 
It  dill  not  occur  to  me  to  try  artificial 
pollen,  but  the  hint  furnished  by  Mr. 
Paries"  experience  may  prove  of  great 
value  upon  some  similar  occasion  in 
the  future. 

Holly  Hill,  Fla.,  Nov.  26,  1903. 


Advancement  in  the  Use  of  Formalin  Gas  in  Treat- 
ing Foul  Brood. 

(By  .J.   E.  Johnson.) 

I  ATTENDED     the  Chicago  conven- 
tion December  2nd   and   3rd,   and 
I  don't  think  a  more  profitable  or 
harmonious     bee-keepers'     convention 
was  ever  held  in  the  United  States. 

On  Thursday  President  York  could 
hardly  get  the  bee-keepers  to  stop  talk- 
ing bees  or  get  them  to  understand 
that  they  must  satisfy  the  inner  man 
with  something  to  eat.  Four  or  Ave 
members  would  man.v  times  arise  to 
speak  at  once.  Good  natiu'e  and  har- 
mony prevailed  through  all  the  con- 
vention. There  Avas  a  large  attend- 
ance. Among  those  present  were  Dr. 
C.  C.  Miller,  AV.  Z.  Hutchinson,  E.  T. 
Abbott,  Hnber  Root,  N.  E.  France.  D. 
K.  Smith.  Niver  of  New  York  and  Fred 
W.  Muth.  of  Cincinnati,  and  many 
other  well-known  bee-keeping  experts. 
Best  of  all  everyone  seemed  to  agree 
that  this  was  to  be  a  harmonious  and 
profitalile  convention:  and  I  want  to 
say  right  here  that  I  think  all  the  un- 
kind feelings  aroused  at  I^os  Angeles 
were  tied  up  in  a  bundle  and  sunk 
in  Lake  Michigan.  Uet  us  hope  never 
to  rise  again.  Let  us  all  practice  for- 
bearance and  patience  with  one  an- 
other. We  are  not  all  built  alike,  and 
don't  see  alike.  I  belieAe  we  all  want 
to  do  what  is  right  and  surely  we  afl 
want  the  National  Association  to  pros- 
per. I  don't  expect  to  be  able  to  do 
much  good,  but  I  do  want  to  impress 
upon  the  minds  of  all  that  it  is  so 
ver.y  easy  to  do  harm. 

I  believe  the  venerable  Deacon  is 
right  in  a  certain  sense  about  the  two 
opposing  parties,  and  that  is  this: 
When  friends  misunderstand  each  oth- 
er and  are  caused  to  utter  bitter  words 
against  each  other,  when  tiie  light  of 
forgiveness  and  forbearance  shines  iu 
upon  them,  the.v  will  know  each  oth- 
er's metal  and  be  bound  in  closer 
friendship  than  ever.  In  the  good  book 
it  sa.vK  that  in  the  day  of  .iudgment 
those  that  are  to  be  clad  in  white  robes 
have  come  up  out  of  great  tribulation. 
lA>t  our  motto  be  kind  words  and  kind 
feelings  toward  one  another,  ami  5,000 


1904 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


11 


members  before  next  National  conven- 
tion will  be  the  result. 

The  National  is  doinj;-  a  good  work. 
Every  bee-keeper  ought  to  belong  to 
it  All  within  reach  ought  to  belong 
to  the  Chicago  and  Northwestern.  I 
live  163  miles  from  Chicago. 

I  talked  with  several  old  experi- 
enced bee-keepers  who  produce  lots  of 
both  comb  and  extracted  honey  and 
they  sell  their  honey  both  comb  and 
extracted  for  20  cents  per  pound.  Just 
think  of  the  help  it  is  to  talk  with 
such  men  and  get  pointers  not  only 
on  selling  honey  but  how  to  produce 
it.  I  noticed  in  particular  that  these 
same  men  were  at  the  convention  last 
year,  and  if  they  live  they  will  be  there 
next  year. 

There  were  samples  of  both  comb 
and  extracted  honey  in  different  pack- 
ages On  exhibition  from  which  we 
might  gain  many  '  valuable  pointers. 
Also  there  were  sample  combs  of  foul 
brood  with  Inspectors  France,  Smith 
and  Hutchinson  to  kindly  give  us  in- 
formation so  that  we  might  be  enabled 
to  detect  it  easily.  President  Geo.  W. 
York,  Vice-President  Mrs.  Stowe  and 
Set'i'etary  Herman  F.  Moore  were  re- 
elected. There  were  quite  a  number  of 
lady  bee-keejiers  present.  If  you  want 
to  attend  the  best  convention  ever  held, 
attend  tlue  next  Chicago  and  North- 
western— ^eveiy  member  belongs  to 
"the  push." 

FORMALIN  GAS  FOR  FOUL 
BROOD. 

The  Deacon  sa.vs  in  December  issue 
that  he  wished  T  had  shouted  sooner 
and  louder  about  formalin  gas.  I  have 
met  so  man.v  criticisms  in  the  past  in 
other  things  that  I  had  not  the  cour- 
age of  my  convictions,  but  now  I  am 
going  to  .iust  ask  the  editor  to  kindly 
move  over  and  give  me  a  little  more 
room  while  I  shout  .iust  one  more 
shout. 

Next  time  I  will  try  and  cut  my  arti- 
cle short.  As  I  have  given  chase  to  the 
formalin  rabbit  I  intend  tostick  to  his 
ti'ail  until  I  either  catch  him  or  run 
him  into  his  hole  for  some  one  else  to 
catch. 

So  many  are  on  the  wrong  track  and 
the  longer  they  follow  that  track  the 
farther  they  get  from  home.  Many 
think  that   germs   are   of  animal   life. 


The  foul  brood  germ  is  a  plant,  and 
it  propagates  by  sporulating.  which  Is 
a  sexual  act.  Bacteria  like  the  pear 
blight  germ,  is  a  plant,  but  is  non- 
sexual. Now  don't  forget  this:  For- 
malin gas  will  not  of  itself  kill  any 
germ  at  all,  no  matter  how  strong;  liut 
when  the  gas  and  the  air  are  combined 
those  two  elements  together  produce 
formic  acid,  and  the  formic  acid  is 
what  kills  the  germs  and  spores.  So 
many  say,  "Oh,  your  box  was  not 
tight  enough,  therefore  you  failed," 
when  the  truth  of  the  matter  was.  the 
box  was  too  tight.  Remember  that  the 
air  is  .iust  as  necessary  as  the  gas. 
You  don't  want  your  l)ox  too  tight.  Let 
in  lots  of  gas  and  lots  of  air.  As  long 
as  you  do  that  you  will  continue  to 
produce  formic  acid.  When  the  air 
stops  coming  in.  .vou  soon  stop  forming 
tlie  acid.  When  you  appl.y  formalin 
gas  to  an  air-tight  chamlier  you  only 
produce  formic  acid  so  long  as  that 
air  lasts,  or  until  that  air  ceases  to  sup- 
ply the  necessary  element.  After  that, 
no  matter  how  strong  your  gas  is  you 
get  no  acid.  Hence  it  is  not  effective. 
Remember  also  that  formic  acid  will 
hurt  neither  bees  nor  brood.  Bee-sting 
poison  is  formic  acid,  the  same  ident- 
ical stuff  that  is  produced  by  formalin 
gas  and  air. 

I  made  the  statement  some  time  ago 
that  I  hoped  to  see  the  time  when  this 
gas  could  be  so  applied  that  it  would 
kill  every  gei"m  and  spore  in  a  hive 
full  of  bees  and  not  cause  the  l)ees  to 
miss  a  meal;  but  in  bee-journals  I  did 
not  venture  to  go  further,  as  I  knew 
T  was  treading  on  dangerous  ground, 
but  now  as  others  have  had  their 
say;  tried  and  failed,  perhaps  the 
brick  bats  won't  fly  so  thick  around 
m.v  head  if  I  venture  to  offer  a  little 
belli  for  your  own  good.  Next  month, 
if  I  live,  I  will  tr.v  to  tell  you  how  you 
can.  without  an.v  machineiy  b.v  only 
slight  cost,  apply  formalin  gas  into 
.vour  hive  full  of  bees  no  matter  liow 
rotten  with  foul  l»rood  and  kill  every 
germ  and  spore  and  not  kill  your  bees. 
That  is  a  prett>'  broad  statement,  but 
I  think  I  can  j)rove  it.  But  don't 
try  it  on  a  large  scale  till  you  know 
.iust  how. 
"Williamsfield,  Ills.   Nov.  5,  1003. 


When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


12 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


January 


THE  DEACON'S  "PURPS"  AXD  OLD  BRASH. 


Dear  Brother  Hill:  For  the  land's 
sokes,  why  not  let  Mr.  Johnson  toll  a 
big  yarn  if  he  Avants  to — it  may  be 
true,  which  is  more  than  it  is  safe  to 
gamble  on  with  the  tales  of  somo  of 
the  boys.  I  be  powerful  sorry  for  John- 
son; think  of  the  thonsands  of  colo- 
nies that'll  be  put  in  his  bailiwick  next 
season. 

Sutliin'  sort  of  graspin"  in  that 
Small  chap  of  New  Zealand,  when  lie 
can't  let  pass  a  chance  to  talk.  Must 
be  I'elated  to  some  of  we  uns.  Nice 
mess  he  makes  of  figgei's;  th(\v'll  tw  ist 
some  of  the  boys.  I'ut  it  in  gocKl  I'.  S. 
values  next  time — but  ])erhaps  you 
couldn't.  The  hnmilit.v  of  his  Humble 
bees  reminds  one  of  that  of  I'riah 
Heaji.  The.v  mu.st  be  kin  to  Florida 
dragon  flies.  Is  that  New  Zealand 
Flora  he  is  to  write  abont.  his  wife  or 
some  other  fellow's? 

Whew!!  How  hot  .McXeal  is  a  gel- 
tin'  under  the  collar.  If  .Aon  don't  be- 
lieve in  deej)  frames,  sa.v  it  softl.v. 
Hobb.v  he  calls  it.  Not  mucli — its  a 
nightmare.  "Bees  build  downwards 
far  more  readil.v  than  si<lewise,"  which 
means  that  give  the  little  cusses  a 
chance  and  they  will  build  a  coml)  one 
cell  wide  and  as  long  as  Mac's  theo- 
ries. Ah  well,  he's  .voung  yet:  he'll 
learn  bye  and  bye.  He's  made  of  the 
right  stuff"  and  will  com*  out  all  right. 


Nary  a  bit  of  the  "stand  jiat"  about 
I*at — always  a  ti-ottin'  and  'tis  back  to 
P'lorida   this  time. 

"Bee-Keepers  of  Gotham.''  .  None  of 
it  in  mine,  thank  .vou.  I  perfer  to  be 
not  quite  so  near  Heaven.  S'posiu'  a 
feller  should  forget  and  dodge  back- 
\\-;ir(ls  when  a  mad  bee  got  after  him. 
He'd  start  for  the  nether  regions  sort 
(if  suddint. 

Jimmy's  did  it!  One  piece  sections 
not  wuth  a  continental  cuss — and  yet 
millions  of  them  in  use.  But  Jeems 
is  right— as  usual.  Doubt  it?  Wait 
and  see. 

'Twixt  you  and  Murnett  and  Popple- 
ton  raw  extracted  honey  is  getting  a 
black  eye.  Doubtless  you  will  get  dis- 
loved.  but  never  mind  a  little  tbing 
like  that,  so  long  as  you  are  right. 

I  must  cut  my  letter  short,  as  I'm 
a  little  bit  busy,  got  to  mail  off"  some 
(pieens.  kill  a  couple  of  chickens  and 
(Iress  'em.  fix  some  gimcracks  for 
Mary,  clean  my  gun,  repair  my  wagon 
and  break  a  new  dog.  Guess  I'll  at- 
tend to  the  (log  fust;  the  other  things 
can  wait  till  afternoon.  This  new  pup 
of  mine  will  be  nigh  as  good  os  old  ' 
Brash,  and  either  on  'em  has  more 
sense  than  some  humans.  Why  don't 
you  i)rint  that  i)icture  of  my  dogsV  I 
believe  it  would  please  some  of  the 
Itovs  and  might  bring  out  a  lot  of  dog 


1904 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


13 


stories  which  you  coukl  run  in  when 
bee-news  is  scarce. 

All  things  are  fish  that  come  to  the 
net — of  some  folks,  anyWow. 
Yours  as  ever, 

John    Hardscrabble. 


HAMILTON    COUNTY  (OHIO)  BEE- 
KEEPERS* ASSOCIATION. 

By  Wm.  T.  Gilliland. 

THE  ANNUAL  MEETING  of  the 
Hamilton  County  Bee-Keepers' 
Association  took  place  Monday 
evening,  September  14th,  at  the  Grand 
Hotel,  Cincinnati. 

The  secretary,  Mr.  W.  T.  Gilliland, 
read  the  minutes  of  the  meeting  held 
September  1902.  when  the  association 
was  organized.  The  by-laws  were  next 
read,  and  together  with  the  minutes, 
were  approved  as  read. 

Upon  roll-call  of  officers  and  mem- 
bers, it  was  learned  that  47  members 
comprised  the  association. 

The  secretary  was  then  called  ur»on 
to  read  the  minutes  of  the  various 
meetings,  beginning  from  the  first 
meeting,  last  September,  up  to  the 
present  time.  This  proved  very  inter- 
esting to  all  present,  for  in  the  mind's 
eye,  one  could  see  the  gradual  growth 
of  the  association,  like  unto  a  rose  bud, 
about  to  cast  its  splendor  upon  the 
light  of  day,  unfurls  its  tiny  velvety 
petals,  and  in  due  time  becomes  radi- 
ant before  the  world.  Kind  readers, 
our  association  has  just  begun  to  un- 
furl its  petals,  of  progress,  but  in  a 
short  time  we  will  stand  forth  as  an 
association  of  more  than  minor  im- 
portance. 

Quite  a  treat  was  now  in  store  for 
us,  and  'twas  the  secretary's  rei<o!t 
of  the  past  .vear.  Mr.  Gilliland,  who 
is  an  able  bee-keeper,  speaks  of  the 
as,sociatlon  as  having  been  successful 
in  the  past  year.  When  the  associa- 
tion was  organized,  29  members  were 
recorded  and  in  the  course  of  tAvelve 
months  18  new  members  were  added, 
and  we  congratidate  ourselves  on  our 
auspiciousness,  for  it  is  obvious  we  did 
not  strive  in  vain. 

The  question  of  foul  brood  prevailed 
throughout  our  monthly  meetings.  The 
formalin  gas  treatment,  was  brought 
to  the  foreground,  and  discussed  pro 
and  con  time  and  again.  A  number 
of    bee-keej>ers    were    enthusiavstic    to 


have  this  treatment  adopted  by  the  so- 
ciety, ami  lost  no  time  in  putting  ite 
merits  to  a  test,  by  fumr«,'ating  the 
infecte<l  combs.  The  result,  in  every 
instance,  was  a  complete  failure. 

The  association  thereupon  adopted 
the  McEvoy  treatment,  which  is  rec- 
ognized and  acknowledged,  in  Ameri- 
ca., Canada,  and  Europe  as  the  most 
successful  remedy  known,  at  the  pres- 
ent time,  for  the  permanent  cure  of 
foul  brood. 

Cincinnati,  being  centrally  located, 
the  society  is  making  an  effort  to  bring 
the  National  Association  of  Bee-Keep- 
ers  to  Cincinnati  in  1904.  This  should 
receive  no  little  consideration,  for 
without  a  doubt,  should  the  association 
be  successful  in  its  efforts,  it  will 
prove  beneficial  both  to  commercial 
and  business  interests  of  the  "Oueen 
City  of  the  West." 

The  editor  of  the  American  Bee- 
Keeper,  a  most  valuable  and  reliable 
.iournal,  has  very  kindly  placed  the 
columns  and  the  inrluence  of  his  pa- 
per at  the  disposal  of  this  society. 
This  favor  conferred  upon  us  by  the 
American  Bee-Keeper  is  fully  ippre- 
ciated  by  all  interested  in  apiculture 
in  this  vicinity. 

Having  finally  disposed  of  the  foul 
brood  question,  it  is  now  the  duty  and 
should  be  the  ardent  wish  of  every 
bee-keeper  in  Hamilton  county  and 
vicinity  to  become  enei-getic  in  placing 
on  the  statute  books  of  tire  State  of 
Ohio,  suitable  laws  which  will  pi-otect 
the  honey  bee,  as  well  as  the  various 
interests  connected  therewith.  With 
this  suggestion,  the  secretary's  report 
was  brought  to  a  close  and  was  accept- 
ed ais  read. 

Those  present  at  the  annual  meeting 
were  afforded  an  exc-iellent  ojiportunity 
to  examine  specimens  of  foul  brood, 
a  fine  grade  of  hone.v,  and  an  active 
frame  of  working  bees  in  an  observa- 
tion hive. 

The  treasurer's  report  was  read  and 
accepted  to  be  spread  upon  the  min- 
utes. 

After  the  collection  of  the  annual 
dues,  the  election  of  officers  for  the 
ensuing  year  took  place  and  resulted 
as  follows: 

President — Mr.  Henr:«  Shaffer. 

Vice-President — Mr.  John  C.  Froh- 
liger. 


14 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


.Tanuai-y 


Secretary — Mr.    Wm.   J.    Gilliland. 

Treasurer — Mr.  C.  H.  W.  Weber. 

It  was  then  moved  that  an  amend- 
ment he  made  to  the  constitution,  viz.: 
that  twelve  nifembers  serve  on  the 
executive  committee  instead  of  six, 
thereby  i)romotiug  a  wider  scope  for 
enthusiasm  and  Increased  interest 
amonjj  the  members. 

The  following  members  were  chosen 
to  serve  during  the  ensuing  year: 

Fred  W.  Muth.  R.  L.  Curry,  A.  E. 
Painter.  C'has.  Kuck,  E.  P.  Rogers, 
E.  H.  Chidlaw,  Wm.  McClennan.  W. 
R.  Gould,  G.  Greene,  E.  H.  Vaupel, 
Miss  Can-ie  Boehme,  ■Mrs.  J.  C.  Fx'oh- 
liger. 

Mr.  A.  E.  Painter,  an  able  lawyer 
and  bee-keeper,  favored  the  assembly 
with  an  eloquent  address  pertaining 
to  the  active  interest  which  should  be 
manifested  among  the  bee-keeping 
fi'aternity,  to  interest  the  State  Legis- 
lature in  procuring  a  foul  brood  law, 
which  would  be  an  inexpressible  ad- 
vantage to  the  association,  and  bee- 
keepers in  general.  Mi*.  Painter  deems 
it  advisable  to  appoint  a  special  com- 
mittee to  go  before  the  Tjegislature  at 
Columbus,  but  before  doing  so,  how- 
ever, he  is  of  the  opinion  that  it  would 
be  prudent  to  send  a  circular  letter  to 
each  memlrer  of  the  Legislative  body, 
in  order  that  they  may  have  time  for 
consideration  and  argument.  This 
method  would  undoul)tedly  pi'ove 
more  effective  to  the  interest  and  en- 
ergy displayetl  by  the  committee. 

A  few  states  have  gained  their  point, 
and  are  now  resting  easy  under  the 
protection  of  a  foul  brood  law.  A 
commissioner  is  appointed  to  notify 
all  bee-keepers,  whose  apiaries  are  in- 
fected with  the  malady,  to  destroy  all 
such  colonies,  oi-,  if  possible,  remedy 
the  defect.  This  commissioner  is  paid 
out  of  the  county's  funds.  Illinois,  for 
instance,  is  allowed  $(1,000.00  annually 
for  this  purpose. 

If  some  of  the  states  have  been  suc- 
cessful, why  can  not  we,  in  Ohio,  who 
have  so,  many  broad-minded,  brainy 
men  in  our  midst  of  practical  bee-keep- 
er.s,  why  cannot  we  dwell  under  a  like 
protection  and  advantage,  which 
might  cori'ectly  be  terme<i  a  necessity? 
There  has  been  but  one  cause  hereto- 
fore, and  that  cause,  the  lack  of  inter- 
est 'Tis  true,  we  are  all  interested 
in   a  way,  but  we  must  show  active 


interest,  which,  without  a  doubt,  dur- 
ing the  coming  year  will  wend  its  way, 
and  waft  its  breezes  among  the  bee- 
keeping fraternity  over  our  entire 
State. 

Short,  but  none  the  less  interesting, 
addresses,  pei-taining  to  the  protection 
of  the  honey  bee.  were  ably  delivered 
by  Messrs.  E.  H.  Vaupel.  Wm.  McClen- 
nan, and  Fred.  W.  Muth. 

A  motion  was  made  and  seconded 
that  the  members  of  the  e.xecutive 
committee  should  constitute  the  com- 
mittee to  bring  before  the  State  Leg- 
islature this  question  of  foul  brood 
law,  to  be  energetic  and  tireless  in 
their  efforts  to  render  same  effective 
and  successful,  for  in  this  way  only 
can  our  ambition  be  gratified. 

Mr.  W.  J.  Gilliland  suggested  that 
a  census  be  taken  of  the  bee-keepers 
in  the  State  of  Ohio,  as  well  as  the 
number  of  hives  each  bee-keeper  pos- 
sesses. 

Mr.  Fred  W.  JNIuth  again  called  the 
attention  of  the  assembly  to  put  forth 
all  possible  efforts  in  securing  tlie 
National  Association  of  Bee-Keepers 
in  1904.  It  was  moved  and  seconded 
that  the  executive  staff  take  up  the 
matter  immediatel.v. 

A  motion  was  made  and  seconded  to 
express  our  gratitude  to  the  Grand 
Hotel  for  their  miieh  appreciated  kind- 
ness in  granting  us  the  privilege  tO' 
hold  our  meetings  in  their  spaciousM 
and  comfortable  apartments. 

A  word  in  behalf  of  the  Associationn 
in  general.  We  are  proud  of  our  asso- 
ciation, and  we  have  the  right  to  feelll 
so.  When  our  little  bod.v  of  bee-keep-, 
ers  nestled  in  a  group,  to  form  an  or- 
ganization, many  predicted  anythini 
but  success,  and  were  firm  in  their  be- 
lief. Our  little  assembly,  however, 
was  not  to  be  daunted.  They  knewf 
that  they  were  entwined  by  the  circle 
of  succass,  and  were  firm  in  their  de- 
termination not  to  step  'behind  the 
boinids  of  this  brilliant  circle.  Their 
progress  in  so  short  a  space  of  time,; 
is  indeed  greater  than  they  themselvs 
anticipated.  And  now,  since  the 
American  Bee-Iveeper  has  .so  kindly 
volunteered  to  be  our  guide  and  friend, 
we  can  do  naught  but  win.  Unity  and, 
harmony  for  the  glory  of  the  Hamil-j 
ton  County  Bee-Keepers'  Association.L 
Wm.  .r.  Gilliland,  Sec'y. 
Sllverton.  Ohio. 


ir-- 

■w" 


i 


►-H-M-^-f- 


►      T~ 

THE 

Bee -Keeping  World 

-  ► 

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦»♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦» 

GERMANY. 

By.  F.  Greiner,  Naples,  N.  Y. 
It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  the 
honey-bee  is  endowed  with  two  sets  of 
eyes.  Two  larjre  eyes  at  the  sides, 
readily  distinguishable,  and  th!e  three 
eyes  in  the  forehead,  which  are  not 
so  eonsi)ieiions.  To  find  out  something 
about  the  functions  of  the  two  sets  of 
eyes  Dr.  Buttel,  in  the  presence  of 
two  other  well-known  men,  made  the 
following  experiments.  First,  he  cov- 
ered the  three  eyes  in  the  forehead  of 
a  l)<>e  with  black  paint.  The  bee  was 
not  inconvenienced  by  this,  but  flew 
to  the  window.  But  when  the  large 
eyes  were  covered  only,  the  bee  so 
treated  showed  no  inclination  to  fol- 
low the  light.  Dr.  Buttel  says  this 
experiment  does  not  prove  that  the 
three  small  eyes  do  not  serve  some 
purpose.  He  surmises  they  do  at  very 
close  range,  perhaps  within  a  few  cen- 
timeters of  objects  to  be  examined. — 
Centralblatt. 


Prof.  Bachmetjew  has  lately  discov- 
ere<l  slight  differences  l)etween  normal 
and  abnormal  drones.  (The  scientific 
terms  used  by  the  Professor  have  no 
meaning  to  the  average  bee-keeper  and 
I  abstain  from  using  them.) 


Arndt  makes  the  assertion  in  Preuss. 
Bztg.  that  it  is  not  always  owing  to 
failure  of  queen  when  a  colony  is  not 
breeding  up  properly,  but  tha,t  very 
often  lack  of  nurse-bees  and  pi'oper 
food  are  the  principal  causes. 


It  is  advised  in  "Neue  Bztg."  to  use 
only  rain-water  in  rendering  or  clari- 
fying beeswax.  Well,  or  spring  water 
is  said  to  often  contain  iron,  especially 
where  there  is  red  clay  soil  or  sub- 
soil. The  iron  discolors  the  wax,  no 
matter  how  careful  one  is  in  conduct- 
ing the  work. 

According  to  Neuman,  Sec.  of  Cen- 
tralverein,   Germany  is  still  far  from 


having  a  foul  brood  law.  He  says, 
without  the  bee-keepers  co-operate 
with  the  government,  furnishing  mate- 
rials for  experiments,  such  as  qu<?ens 
from  badly  diseased  colonies,  diseased 
brood,  honey  from  foul-broody  hives 
etc.,  also  freely  report  and  give  thfeir 
experience  with  the  disease,  there  is 
no  telling  when  a  law  will  be  made  and 
come  in  force 


Freudenstein  resurrects  the  claim  in 
Neue  Bztg.  that  bees  need  no  pollen 
for  safe  wintering,  and  that  sugar  is 
entirely  sufficient.  He  also  claims  that 
nectar  is  nothing  but  pure  sugar-water, 
and  that  bees  change  the  one  as  well 
as  the  other  into  honey.  Practically 
he  advocates  what  Lizzie  Cotton  did 
about  30  years  ago,  viz.:  That  bee- 
keeping can  be  made  very  profitable 
by  sugar-feeding.  American  red  clover 
queens  are  also  a  hobby  of  Freuden- 
stein; he  is  keeping  them  for  sale. 
The  leading  bee-keepers  of  Germany 
are  in  the  opposition,  perhaps  rightly 
so. 


Dzierzon  is  opposed  as  much  as  ever 
to  the  Gertsung  hive  and  all  others  ac- 
cessible from  the  top.  It  seems  he  has 
never  operated  such  hives,  still  he  con- 
demns them  in  the  strongest  terms, 
and  says  they  will  be  the  ruination  of 
bee-keeping. 


Dickel  has  recently  found  a  second 
in  Dr.  Albrecht  Bethe,  of  Strassburg 
University. — BienenVater. 


TURKEY. 

The  followers  of  Mohammed  have 
singular  customs  as  to  bee-keeping.  It 
is  a  great  sin  to  buy  or  sell  bees.  They 
may  be  given  away  and  one  may  ac- 
cei)t  a  gift  in  return.  Decoy  hives  are 
placed  about  in  bushes  and  trees  to 
catch  absconding  swarms;  said  hives 
are  rubbed  over  with  certain  herbs, 
the  names  of  which  are  kept  secret. 


16 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


January- 


Allah  causes  the  swarms  to  take  pos- 
session of  such  hives  and  they  may  be 
taken  to  the  yard  of  the  owner  of  the 
hives  as  soon  as  they  are  populated 
with  bees.  Clean  hives  is  one  of  the  es- 
sentials in  keeping  an  apiary.  In  the 
absence  of  the  owner  only  a  good  up- 
right man  must  represent  him,  not  a 
woman,  for  she  would  cause  the  ruina- 
tion of  the  whole  enterprise.  When 
bees  are  owned  in  partnership  these 
partners  must  live  in  perfect  harmony. 
The  least  discord  among  them  Avould 
cause  a  worm  to  take  possession  of  the 
hive  and  after  a  while  one  would  -find 
instead  of  combs  only  webs  therein. 
It  is  believed  that  a  large  part  of  the 
occupants  of  the  hive  sleep  outside  on 
flowers  and  trees.  When  one  wishes 
to  move  a  hive  it  should  be  done 
Thursday  evening,  for  this  is  said  to 
be  the  only  time  when  all  the  bees  are 
foimd  at  home.  Sometimes  and  by 
special  order  of  the  Almighty  all  bees 
gather  in  their  hives  Friday  evening. — 
(Rhein  Bztg.) 


AUSTRIA. 
In  the  questions  and  answeivs  de- 
partment of  Bienen-Vater  it  is  asserted 
that  the  cappings  may  be  removed 
from  combs  to  be  extracted  by  means 
of  the  uncapping-fork  Jwithout  any 
honey  adhering  to  the  cappings. 


BRITISH  HONDURAS. 

Stann  Creek,   British   Honduras, 

Oct.  20,  1903. 

Editor  American  Bee-Keeper:  In 
February,  1902,  I  started  with  four 
colonies,  and  today  I  have  84  strong 
colonies,  and  roughly  I  can  say  I  have 
drawn  25  to  30  kerosene  tins  full  of 
honey.  The  locality  is  fair,  but  being 
in  the  town  its  hardly  fair  to  say  the 
best  has  been  done. 

The  bees  gather  honey  all  year 
round  from  cocoaniit  and  other  local 
plants.  No  trouble  to  feed  the  bees, 
although  to  some  extent  I  expex-ienced 
some  dwindling  last  November  and  De- 
cember which  I  attribute  mostly  to  the 
want  of  experience  in  the  handli"g  of 
the  bees.  Most  of  my  hives  are  "dove- 
tail" from  W.  T.  Falconer  Manufactur- 
ing Co.,  and  they  work  well,  or  rather, 
they  suit  this  climate  and  tlie  bees 
work  well  in  them.  Next  year  I  hope 
to  do  well  with  honey  and  wax,  al- 
though I  regret  to  say  the  market  is 


not  very  good  locally,  but  a  bee-keep- 
ers' society  has  been  organized  in 
Belize  of  which  I  am  a  member  and 
through  which  in  August  last  I  ship- 
ped 11  kerosene  tins  of  honey  to  Ger- 
many to  Mr.  Oswald  who  kindly  of- 
fered to  be  our  agent  tliere.  Before 
shipping  he  assured  us  of  ,30,  ($7.50) 
net  per  cwt..  but  we  have  not  yet  re- 
ceived  a  return  of  the  shipment. 

As  I  am  an  employee  of  the  govern- 
ment I  am  afraid  I  will  be  overstocked 
with  bees  next  year,  but  I  mean  to 
limit  myself  to  100  colonies. 

Dear  Brother  Hill:  Can  you  tell 
me  through  the  medium  of  your  col- 
umns why  it  is  my  honey  ferments? 
I  noticed  it  badly  on  my  'first  extract- 
ing. On  inijuiry  I  was  told  that  the 
honey  Avas  not  ripe,  and  since  I  never 
extract  any  honey  until  the  combs  are 
three-fonrthiS  sealed,  but  there  is  slight 
fermentation. 

I  like  bee-keeping,  and  will  always 
feel  thankful  for  your  kind  suggestions 
tending  to  help  beginners.  Hoping  I 
will  not  weary  you  with  my  long  epis- 
tles, and  Avith  liind  regards,  I  remain, 
Very  respectfull.v  and  fraternally  yours 
G.  A.  Nunez. 

Fermentation  may  result  from  ex- 
tracting "green"  honey,  or  from  ex- 
posure to  a  humid  atmosphere  after 
extracting.  It  may  also  be  an  inherent 
quality  characteristic  of  its  kind.  In 
the  latter  case,  we  would  suggest  a 
generous  application  of  artificial  heat 
before  canning,  or  in  the  open  can, 
then  sealing  air-tight.  This  ferment- 
ing propensity  is  a  quality  peculiar  to 
nectar  secreted  by  some  members  of 
the  palm  family.  We  shall  be  pleased 
to  learn  something  of  the  future  expe- 
riences of  our  correspondent  in  hand- 
ling such  honey. — Editor. 


PENNSYLVANIA        STATE        BEE- 
KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. 
All  bee-keepers  in  the  State  of  Penn- 
sylvania interested  in  forming  a  thor- 
ough State  organization  are  requested 
to  correspond  with  the  undersigned. 
E.   L.  Pratt,  Swathmore,  Pa. 


1904 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


17 


PUBLISHED   MONTHLY 
THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MANFG.  Co., 

PROPRIETORS. 
H.    E.    HILL,  -  EDITOR, 

FORT  PIERCE,  FLA. 


intercut  in  connection  with  iiis  excel- 
lent tirticle  on  "The  Rest  Honey  finth- 
eivrs"  presented  also  in  this  issue  of 
The  Bee-Keeper.  p^rom  many  sources 
w<^  set  information  corroborating  our 
lonji-established  icle^i  that  the  blacks 
"are  not  to  be  sneezed  at."  This  fact 
we  believe  to  be  especially  truie  where 
we  are  engaged  in  the  pi-otluctiou  of 
c-omb  honey. 


Terms. 

Fifty  cents  a  year  in  advance;  2  copies  85 
cents;  3  copies  $1.20;  all  to  be  sent  to  one 
postoffice. 

Postage  prepaid  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada;  10  cents  extra  to  all  countries  in  the 
postal  union,  and  20  cents  extra  to  all  other 
countries. 

Advertisine:  Rates. 

x'ifteen  cents  per  line,  y  words;  $2.00  per 
inch.  Five  per  cent,  discount  for  two  iser- 
tions;  seven  per  cent,  for  three  insertions; 
twenty  per  cent,    for  twelve   insertions. 

Advertisements  must  be  received  on  or  be- 
fore the  15th  of  each  month  to  insure  inser- 
tion the   month  following. 

Matters  relating  to  business  may  be  ad- 
dressed to 

THE  AMERICAN   BEE-KEEPER, 
Fort   Pierce,   Fla.,    or  Jamestown,   N.   Y. 

Articles  for  publication  or  letters  exclusjvely 
for  the  editorial  department  should  be  ad- 
dressed to  the  Florida  office. 

Subscribers  receiving  their  paper  in  blue 
wrapper  will  know  that  their  subscription  ex- 
pires with  this  number.  We  hope  that  you 
will    not    delay    favoring    us    with    a   renewal. 

A  red  wrapper  on  your  paper  indicates  that 
you  owe  for  your  subscription.  Please  give 
the  matter  your  early  attention. 


Mr.  F.  Danzenl)aker,  the  apiarian 
inventor  of  Washington,  D.  C,  spent 
a  few  hours  at  The  Bee-Keeper  office 
recently.  Mr.  Danzenbaker  is  circu- 
lating among  bee-keepers  now  with  a 
new  smoker  of  his  own  invention,  for 
which  many  excellent  qualities  are 
claimed 


"Pacific  States  Bee  Journal,"  is  the 
name  of  a  new  IG-page  monthly  pub- 
lished at  Ttilare.  Calif.,  with  P.  F. 
.\delsbach  at  the  editorial  helm.  The 
initial  number  presents  a  quantity  of 
good  readinc".  and  the  editor  greets  his 
readers  Avitb:  "We  are  here.  How 
do  you  like  the  'holler'  of  the  infant?" 
Should  our  esteemed  contemporai'y 
fail  to  achieve  great  success  in  the 
realm  of  apicultural  .iournalism.  it  will 
certainly  not  be  because  of  any  stilted 
dignity  upon  its  own  part.  We  wish 
it  success. 


Our  Correspondents  Department  this 
month  contains  two  very  interesting 
reports — those  of  Dr.  Blanton  and  of 
Mr.  Thos.  Worthington.  They  are  in- 
teresting from  the  fact  that  two-thirds 
of  Mr.  Worthington's  bees  are  blacks, 
and  Dr.  Blanton's  becomes  of  special 


Burr  Stacey  Mention,  in  Pacific 
States  Bee  .Tournal.  says,  "unsealed 
honey  contains  four  to  -five  per  cent, 
more  water  than  sealed  honey."  We 
know  nothing  as  to  how  this  definite 
information  was  obtained,  but  we  in- 
cline strongly  to  the  belief  that  the 
statement  is  misleading  in  the  ex- 
treme, even  though  a  single  test  may 
have  demonstrated  its  accuracy.  The 
writer  has  many  times  extracted 
honey  unsealed  that  was  so  thick  as 
to  render  the  operation  extremely  diffi- 
cult. On  the  other  hand,  he  is  quite 
familiar  with  varieties  of  honey  which 
after  uncapping  could  nearly  all  be 
thrown  from  the  comb  while  held  in 
the  hands.  Indeed,  such  honey  some- 
times ferments  after  sealing,  bursts 
the  cappings  and  oozes  from  the  combs 
while  yet  in  the  hives.  It  is,  therefore, 
apparent  that  the  statement  above 
quoted  should,  at  least,  be  supple- 
mented with  a  qualifying  clause. 


18 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


January 


Leo  F.  Hanejran,  of  Glen  wood,  Wis., 
we  learn,  has  sold  his  apiarian  equip- 
ment to  Mr.  J.  Gobeli,  of  Boyceville, 
who  will  take  iip  his  residence  at 
Glenwood  at  an  early  date.  Mr.  Han- 
egan's  bee-keeping  expei'ience  has 
been  a  decided  sticcess,  and  he  still 
pins  his  faith  to  the  honey  bee  as  a 
source  of  livelihood;  though  it  is  yet 
uncertain  as  to  where  his  next  ven- 
ture Avill  be  launched.  Both  Messrs. 
Hanegan  and  Gobeli  are  Bee-Keeper 
subscribers,  and  our  well-wishes  are 
with  them. 


It  is  said  in  the  Pacific  States  Bee 
Journal  that  John  Walker,  near  Tu- 
lare, Calif.,  has  three  hives  of  bees 
which  prodiiced  about  .$00.00  worth  of 
honey  last  season.  The  average  "dol- 
lar's worth"  per  colony,  where  but  a 
very  few  colonies  are  kept,  frequently 
exceeds  the  record  of  the  expert  spe- 
cialist, for  the  reason  that  a  special 
price  may  be  obtained  for  such  small 
lots  in  the  local  market,  whereas  the 
extensive  producer  is  obliged  to  seek 
the  usual  channels  of  trade,  and  to 
accept  the  "market  prices"  for  his 
goods.  There  is  almost  always  an  out- 
let for  a  very  limited  quantity  of  comb 
honey  in  the  home  market,  at  prices 
considerably  above  market  quotations. 
At  20  cents  a  poiind,  there  is  nothing 
very  remarkable  about  this  record — 
an  average  of  100  pounds  per  colony. 


BROOD  FRAMES. 

In  the  American  Bee  Journal  the 
question  is  asked:  "If  for  some  rea- 
son you  Avere  to  start  in  anew  to  keep 
bees,  and  were  obliged  to  get  an  en- 
tirely new  outfit,  what  would  be  the 
dimensions  of  the  brood  frame?" 

The  quei-y  is  answered  by  27  practi- 
cal apiarists.  Fifteen  substantially  fa- 
vor the  Langstroth.  Five  would 
adopt  a  shallower  frame  and  six  of  the 
number  prefer  one  of  greater  depth. 
One  "counsellor"  fails  to  understand 
the  question.  Mrs.  L.  Harrison,  one 
of  the  answerers,  makes  response 
thus:  "The  Langstroth  frame.  It  is 
the  only  one  I've  ever  had  experience 
with,  and  the  inventor  made  no  mis- 
takes." While  Mr.  Langsti'oth,  by 
reason  of  the  great  service  rendered 
the  bee-keeping  fraternity,  through  his 
investigations  and  invention,  has  well 
earned  the     esteem     everywhere     be- 


stowed upon  his  name,  it  should  be 
borne  in  mind  that,  after  all,  he  was 
but  human,  and  it  is  altogether  im- 
probable that  he  succeeded  in  treading 
the  pathway  of  terrestrial  life  for  over 
four  score  years  without  having  com- 
mitted any  "mistakes." 


DON'T  BURDEN  YOUR  BRAIN. 

The  Bee-Keeper  has  upon  its  ex- 
change list  15  to  20  apiarian  journals, 
many  genei'al  agricultural  periodicals, 
and  one  hybrid  afFair  which  purports 
to  embrace  both  qualities.  In  its 
December  issue  it  pays  the  following 
magnificent  tribute  to  specialized  bee 
.iournalism  and  the  intelligence  .of 
"farmers  who  keep  but  a  few  colonies 
of  bees:" 

"Farmers  who  keep  but  a  few  colo- 
nies of  bees  need  not  bother  them- 
selves about  much  that  is  discussed 
in  bee  journals.  A  large  amount  of 
what  is  found  there  has  no  excuse  for 
being  there,  unless  it  be  on  the  plea 
that  the  professional  writers  must 
have  something  to  fill  up  space.  Such 
subjects  as  "Mating  in  Confinement," 
"Formalin  Gas  for  Foul  Brood,"  "Do 
the  Bees  Kill  the  Drones  or  do  They 
Die  of  Starvation?"  may  be  passed 
over  without  much  injury,  by  the 
farmer.  Neither  is  it  worth  the  farm- 
er's while  to  spend  much  time  reading 
about  honey  exchanges  or  any  kind  of 
commercial  organizations  for  the  sale 
of  his  honey  or  wax.  What  he  needs 
more  than  anything  else  is  to  know 
how  to  secure  a  good  crop,  and  then 
to  be  told  where  he  can  find  a  market 
at  a  living  price,  and  what,  under  the 
law  of  supply  and  demand,  his  honey 
is  really  worth." 


NEW  APIARIAN  INVENTION, 
In  order  that  American  Bee-Keeper 
readers  may  be  kept  well  informed  in 
regard  to  every  detail  of  apiarian  pro- 
gress, we  begin  this  month  a  new  de- 
partment in  wliiich  will  be  announced 
every  new  invention  pertaining  to  bees 
patented  in  the  United  States  and 
England. 

As  we  earnestly  desire  that  the  Bee- 
Keeper  shall  be  complete  in  every  way, 
we  shall  be  pleased  to  consider  siiggee- 
tions  from  our  readers  in  regard  to  oth- 
er features  not  already  embraced  and 
which  may  be  thought  to  be  of  value 
to  bee-keepers. 


1904 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPBIH 


19 


Our  esteemed  contemporary  evident- 
ly deems  columns  and  pages  of  per- 
sonal, petty  wranglings  of  more  inter- 
eat  and  value  to  the  "farmers  who 
keep  but  a  few  colonies  of  bee^s,"  than 
a  knowledge  of  methods  whereby  foul 
brood  may  be  eradicated,  or  the  mat- 
ing of  queens  controlled.  He  should 
know,  it  seems,  "how  to  secure  a  good 
honey  crop,  and  then  to  be  told  where 
he  can  find  a  market  at  a  living  price." 
We  presume  then,  that,  having  been 
"told,"  the  said  "farmer"  should  forth- 
with proceed  to  sell  where  he  is  "told." 
What  a  calamity  it  would  be,  indeed, 
if  the  farmer  bee-keeper  .should,  per- 
chance, have  wasted  sufficient  time 
during  the  winter  evenings  to  have  ac- 
quired a  fair  knowledge  of  the  pres- 
ent status  of  the  whole  world's  apia- 
rian conditions;  and  possibly  may 
have  taken  a  slight  hand  at  the  woi'lv 
of  shaping  these  conditions  more  to  his 
liking  than  they  would  otherwise  have 
been.  And  then,  what  if  he  were  to 
have  the  audacity  to  exercise  to  some 
extent  his  own  mental  faculty  in  re- 
gard to  the  disposition  of  his  own  pro- 
duct. It  would  be  bad.  too,  if  he 
should  persist  in  reading  the  bee  jour- 
nals to  the  extent  that  he  should  learn 
that  good  stock  have  a  tendency  to  in- 
crease tlie  honey  yields,  and  that  the 
development  of  good  stock  depended 
largely  upon  his  al)ility  to  control  mat- 
ing. He  might  find  out,  too,  that  com- 
mercial organization  is  to  be  the  pa- 
rent of  "living  prices,"  as  well  as 
to  largely  govern  the  "demand,"  and 
distribute  the  "supply;"  and,  tliere- 
fore,  that  his  personal  interests  are 
directly  influenced  by  any  movement 
wliich  sets  in  motion  the  wheels  of 
"commercial    organization." 

It  is  the  honest  opinion  of  The 
American  Bee-Keeper  that  "farmers 
who  keep  but  a  few  colonies  of  bees" 
are  not  liable  to  injure  tliemselves 
either  mentally  or  financially,  by  the 
acquisition  of  too  much  knowledge  rel- 
ative to  even  those  "few  colonies,"  and 
their  management.  If  any  reader  of 
the  bee  journals  finds  himself  men- 
aced in  such  manner,  if  lie  will  for- 
ward to  u,s  a  self-addressed  postal 
card,  we  think  we  are  (jualified  to 
point  him  to  one  publication  which 
may  be  freely  perused  without  border- 
ing upon  the  danger  line. 


EUCALYPTUS   IIOBUSTA. 

We  have  to  thank  Mr.  H.  M.  Jame- 
son, Corona,  Galif..  for  a  generous 
package  of  seed  of  this  nectar-yield- 
ing tree,  and  shall  endeavor  to  test 
its  adaptability  to  this  section  of  the 
South.  Mr.  .Jameson  states  that  E. 
Robusta  is  rich  in  honey  and  remains 
in  bloom  two  or  three  months.  He  has 
several  hundred  of  these  trees,  but 
owing  to  the  fact  that  he  has  about 
as  many  colonies  of  bees  as  trees,  does 
not,  of  course,  get  any  eucalypt  honey. 
Robusta.  Mr.  Jameson  says,  blooms 
in  two  or  three  years  from  the  seed, 
and  thrives  best  in  moist  land;  though 
it  does  exceedinglj'  well  in  some  very 
dry  locations  in  Southern  California. 

Any  of  our  readers  who  are  inter- 
ested in  the  cultivation  of  the  eucalypt 
may  secure  a  splendid  work  upon  the 
subject  by  addressing  the  Bureau  of 
Forestry,  Department  of  Agriculture, 
Washington,  D.  C.  and  asking  for 
Bulletin  No.  .35,  entitled  "Eucalypts 
Cultivated  in  the  United  States." 


"EXTRACTED"      HONEY. 

The  following  paragraph  is  from  a 
letter  recentlj'  received  from  a  well- 
known  Northern  apiarist: 

"Recently  in  looking  over  a  book  of 
honey  labels  I  was  forcibly  struck 
with  the  word  'extracted.'  It  looked 
out  of  place,  and  I  believe  sliould  be 
left  oflf  all  labels.  'Comb  honey'  does 
not  have  to  be  lal)eled  such,  and  why 
should  extracted  honey  in  glass  have 
doubt  thrown  on  it  by  hitching  on  the 
word  'extracted?'  It  add(S  nothing, 
and  very  often  arouses  suspicion. 
Honey  in  cans  is  presupposed  to  be 
out  of  the  comb.  Help  kick  that  word 
out  of  everything  except  the  bee  pa- 
pers and  market  quotations." 

Thei'e  is  no  doubt  that  good,  honest 
honey  has  been  placed  under  the  ban 
of  suspicion  as  a  result  of  the  ambi- 
guity of  the  word  "extracted"  as  dis- 
I)layed  ui)on  retail  packages.  Upon 
ca.snal  notice  the  prospective  buyer 
seems  to  acquire  the  idea  that  it  is 
an  "extract  of  honey."  and  not  "real 
bees'  honey."  It  becomes  a  question, 
however,  whether  it  would  be  the  part 
of  wisdom  for  an  infant  industry  to 
reliiKiuish  so  good  and  specific  a  word 
upon  the  ground  that  it  had  failed  to- 
become  thoroughly  understood  by  the 
l)nblic.     While  it  may   be  a  fact  that 


I 


20 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


January 


•'honey  in  cans  is  presupposed  to  be 
out  of  the  comb,"  according  to  some  of 
our  Texas  brethren  no  insignificant 
quantity  of  honey  in  the  comb  is  now 
marketed  in  cans,  and  a  wonderful 
degree  of  popuhirity  is  anticipated  for 
this  "bulk  honey"  in  cans. 

Under  existing  conditions,  we  think 
the  word  "extracted"  should  not  con- 
stitute a  part  of  the  leading  line  of  a 
display  label.  "Pure  Honey,''  or  "Ab'- 
solutely  Pure  Honey,''  should  be  given 
the  greater  prominence,  and  some 
brief  explanation  accompany  the  "ex- 
tracted" part  thereof.  In  this  connec- 
tion we  would  state  that  the  Southern 
Drug  Journal  now  uses  the  word  "ex- 
tracted" in  its  list  of  prices,  instead 
of  "strained.''  honey,  as  formerly.  This 
is  a  result  of  our  recent  response  to 
the  Journal's  request  for  information 
as  to  the  difference  in  strained  and 
■extracted  honey.  The  following  clip- 
ping is  from  the  December  number: 

"'IS  HONEY  STRAINED  OR  EX- 
TRACTED?" 
"In  reply  to  this  question  propounded 
in  the  Journal  for  October,  page  147, 
the  American  Bee-Keeper  for  Novem- 
ber says,  in  effect,  "Both."  The  moss- 
"backs  and  fogies  in  the  business  strain 
their  honey,  but  the  up-to-date  apicul- 
turist  extracts  his  in  a  centrifugal  ma- 
chine which  does  not  destroy  the  comb 
(which  may  be  used  over  and  over 
again),  and  does  not  crush  cocoons, 
pollen,  dead  bees  and  other  foreign 
matter  in  such  a  way  as  to  deteriorate 
the  finished  product. 

"Mrs.  Sarah  A.  Smith,  of  Grant, 
Fla.,  writes  us  as  follows: 

"  'I  see  by  the  American  Bee-Keeper 
for  this  month,  that  you  can  not  see 
the  difference  between  strained  and 
•extracted  honc.v.  I  am  sure  of  the  tAvo 
were  placed  l)efore  you,  you  would 
soon  see.  The  old  idea  that  honey 
made  people  sick,  was  caused  b.v  eat- 
ing this  strained  hone.v  with  pollen  and 
bee  larvae  and  other  things  which 
should  not  be  tliere.  A  dentist  ex- 
tracts teeth  and  we  pull  out  the  honey 
with  the  help  of  an  extractor,  from  the 
•combs.' 

*'  'Strained  hone.v'  in  our  price  list 
-started  the  discussion.  We  have  made 
the  change." 

Thus  it  will  be  se<»n  how  much  good 
may  be  accomplished  by  a  slight  ef- 
fort along  educational  lines.    But  some 


effort  is  necessar.v.  The  public  is  will- 
ing to  learn,  if  a  teacher  be  provided. 
We  see  no  reason  why  everyone  may 
not  become  quite  as  familiar  with  and 
understand  as  fully  the  significance 
of  "Extracted  Honey"  as  they  now 
do,  "Boston  Baked  Beans."  However, 
this  joiu-nal  has  been  accused  of  be- 
lieving that  bee-keepers  know  better 
than  anyone  else  what  they  want,  and 
if  they  want  the  word  "extracted,"  in 
connection  w'th  market  packages,  rel- 
egated to  the  background,  or  entirely 
expunged,  let's  hear  from  the  bee-keep- 
ers. We  are  with  them  always  for  that 
which  gives  promise  of  advancing  fra- 
ternal interests. 


BEEDOM  AT  HOME  AND  ABROAD. 

In  its  issue  for  October  El  Ck)lmen- 
ero  Espanol  (The  Spanish  Bee-Keep- 
er), simimarizes  "The  General  State  of 
Apiculture,"  briefly  reviewing  the  sit- 
uation in  the  ITnited  States.  Ghili, 
Cuba,  Santo  Domingo,  Argentine  Re- 
public, Uruguay,  Mexico,  Germany, 
Austria,  Russia.  Belgium,  Switzerland, 
England,  France  and  Spain. 

Such  a  compendium  of  apiarian  in- 
formation, if  reliable,  would  be  of  the 
greatest  interest,  and  we  doubt  not 
tliat,  for  the  greater  part,  this  compi- 
lation is  quite  so.  However,  after 
paying  a  very  high  compliment  to 
American  bee-keepers,  and  to  the 
American  peoi)le.  our  esteemed  eon- 
temi)orar,v  gives  some  statistical  infor- 
mation relative  to  the  apiarian  situ- 
ation in  the  United  States  which  is, 
obviously,  based  upon  rumor  rather 
than  actual  facts,  wherein  it  is  stated 
that  Mr.  A.  I.  Root  employes  700 
workmen,  and  that  Capt.  Hethering- 
toii's  7.00O  colonies  of  bees  yiekl  an- 
nually from  fifty  to  sixty  thousand 
dollars  worth  of  honey. 

(rerniany  is  credited  with  having 
two  million  colonies  in  movable-comb 
hives,  and  given  first  place  among 
Euro)teiui  countries,  in  apiarian  im- 
portance. The  annual  production  of 
honey  is  given  as  20,000  tons,  which 
is  of  fine  <iuaiity  and  very  white. 
France,  Belgium,  Switzerland,  Austria 
and  England  all  come  in  for  ver.v  flaf- 
tering   notices,    apiculturally. 

Altogether,  the  epitome  is  a  most 
interesting  one.  and  bears  evidence 
of  commendable  enterprise  upon  the 
part  of  the  Colmenera. 


1904 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


.  21 


Leota,  Miss.,  Nov.  S,  1U03. 
Dear  Sir: 

I  begun  last  spring  with  85  colonies 
of  bees,  five  weak  and  80  strong.  I 
increased  to  140  colonies.  I  bought  125 
pounds  medium  brood  foundation  and 
used  the  full  sheets.  I  bought  20 
queens — ^Italians  and  Carniolans.  They 
are  beautiful  bees  but  do  not  surpass 
the  hybrids  as  honey  gatherers  or 
breeders.  My  honey  record  is  phenom- 
enal. A  hybrid  colony  gathered  74 
pounds  extractetl  in  17  days.  My  85 
colonies  (spring  count)  gathered  24,- 
000  pounds  extracted  honey  and  gave 
me  253  pounds  of  wax.  I  have  ship- 
ped 22,000  pounds  of  honey  and  253 
pounds  of  wax.  I  have  on  hand  2,000 
pounds  of  honey. 

Thes.  Worthington. 

P.  S. — Have  kept  an  ficcurate  ac- 
count of  everything  in  my  apiary,  and 
can  give  any  further  data  you  may 
need.  T.   W. 

Naples,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  5.  1903. 
Dear  Mr.  Hill:  My  honey  crop  is 
about  disposed  of.  We  had  no  real 
fancy  honey;  received  13c.  net  for 
white,  10c.  for  dark.  I  had  over  6,000 
pounds  of  comb,  and  about  1,500  ex- 
tracted. 

Freidemann  Greiner. 
Greenville,  :Miss.,   Dec.  7,  1903. 


Editor  Bee-Keeper: 

I  commenced  the  season  of  1903  with 
190  colonies;  increased  to  240.  Ex- 
tracted 16,200  pounds  honey.  Remov- 
ed 400  pounds  comb,  and  wax  180 
pounds. 

April,  May.  .Tnne  and  July  were  not- 
ed for  their  remarkable  honey  flow, 
and  until  the  10th  of  August  when 
h'esA'y  rains  set  in,  followed  in  Septem- 
ber with  excessive'  hvann  weather 
and  drought  until  the  20th,  from 
thence  until  the  close  of  October  a 
large  honey  flow  from  goldenrod,  bone- 
set  and  smart-weed  enabled  the  bees 
to  store  abundant  honey  for  winter. 
O.  M.  Blanton. 


AN  AMATEUR'S  QUESTIONS. 
Olean,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  11,  '08. 
Editor  American  Ree-Keeper: 

Dear  Sir:  As  an  amateur  in  the  bee 
business  I  find  myself  confronted  witk 
a  i>roblem  that  I  am  unable  to  solve. 
In  stating  my  case,  and  to  make  it 
plain,  it  will  be  necessary  to  make  a 
few  quotations,  not  in  view  of  criti- 
cism, but,  on  the  other  hand,  in  view 
of  gaining  knowledge.  I  will  begin 
my  tale  of  woe  by  saying  that  I  am 
contemplating  the  raising  of  a  few 
queens  the  coming  season,  using  the 
Alley  queen  nursery-cage  plan.  Note — 
"The  Honey  Bee."  pages  272-273 — 
"The  cages  are  covered  with  wire  clotk 
on  each  side  and  inserted  in  a  frame, 
etc.,  etc."  "The  frame  is  inserted  in  a 
strong  colony,  not  necessarily  queen- 
less  since  these  young  queens  are 
caged,''  etc.,  etc.  I  had  my  plans  laid 
as  I  thought  ver.v  nicely  upon  these 
lines,  and  while  searching  for  further 
knowledge  I  stumbled  onto  the  follow- 
ing. Note — 35.  American  Bee-Keeper, 
under  heading  "Introducing  Virgi* 
Queens."  "The  virgin  to  be  introduced 
is  caged  with  thte  reigning  queen  over 
hatching  brood,  honey,  etc.  .Mr. 
A.  says  the  virgin  will  kill  her  old  rival 
invariably." 

In  the  first  instance  the  (lueen  is 
hatched  in  the  cage.  In  the  2nd,  the 
queen  is  hatched  before  caging,  and 
in  neither  instjince  have  we  passed 
the  virgin  point. 

Question  No.  1.  I  do  not  want  the 
reigning  queen  of  a  colony  killed.  Note 
—"The  Honey  Bee,"  page  265,  para- 
graph 518.  "It  is  very  important  t9 
have  the  queen  well  in  or  near  the 
brood   or  the  bees   might  neglect  it." 

Question  No.  2.  Is  it  necessary  that 
l)ees  must  have  immediate  access  to 
the  cells  after  they  are  sealed  (or  in 
other  words  8  or  9  days  old)  up  to 
within  a  day  or  so  of  the  hatching 
point  if  the  proper  amount  of  heat  can 
be  procured  otherwise. 

Question  No.  3.  Do  the  liees  perform 
an.v  functions  relative  to  development 
during  the  above  stated  period  by  hav- 
ing immediate  access  that  would  not 
be  attained  if  the  cell  was  in  a  cage 
and  the  hive  up  to  the  proper  tempera- 
ture? 

Will  some  one  more  clearly  define 
these  points?  To  the  experienced  bee- 
keeper they  will,  no  doubt,  be  wholly 


I 


22 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


January 


rudimental,  but  to  nie  at  present  seem 
a  hard  lesson. 

A'ery  respectfully  yours, 

John  J.  Grant. 
Our  correspondent's  perplexity  is, 
doubtless,  the  result  of  having  con- 
fused two  different  problems,  namely: 
queen-rearing  and  the  introduction  of 
virgin  queens.  These  are  entirely  sep- 
arate matters,  and  need  not,  of  neces- 
6it.y,  haw  any  connection.  The  item 
quoted  from  our  February  issue,  1903, 
has  reference  simply  to  a  method  for 
the  supersedure  of  failing  queens, 
while  the  other  quotation  has  to  do 
with  the  matter  of  developing,  or  rear- 
ing the  queen.  It  is  not  necessary  that 
the  bees  have  immediate  access  to  the 
queen  cells  after  having  been  capped, 
providing,  as  suggested,  that  a  proper 
temperature  is  maintained.  In  reply  to 
question  No.  3,  we  should  say,  none 
whatever.  Though  suggestions  upon 
this  point  are  not  solicited  by  our  cor- 
respondent, in  view  of  his  inexperi- 
ence, and  the  supposition  that  he  de- 
sires to  rear  but  a  few  queens  for 
his  own  use,  we  feel  constrained  to 
suggest  that  it  would  be  better  to  dis- 
pense entirely  with  such  things  as 
nursery  cages,  etc.,  and  simply  insert 
ripe  cells  in  queenless  colonies  or  nu- 
clei prepared  for  their  reception. — Ed- 
itor. 


RECENT     APIARIAN     PATENTS, 

741,7()4.     Comb-frame  for   Bee   Hives. 

James  W.  Brown,  I.os  Angeles,  Cal. 

Filed  May  7,  1903.     Serial  No.  If));,- 

104.     (No  model.) 

Olaim.^ — ].  A  reversible  bee-comb 
frame,  comprising  a  frame  and  Mire 
attached  to  the  ends  thereof,  having 
their  upi»er  ends  bent  outward  to  form 
hangers,  and  their  lower  ends  ))ent  in- 
ward t(j  form  supportei's,  said  wires 
being  rotable  so  that  when  the  frame  is 
reversed  the  wii-es  can  be  turned  and 
the  hangers  become  supporters  and  the 
supporters  become  hangers,  substan- 
tially as  described. 


2.  In  combination  with  the  frame, 
of  the  suspending  devices  extending 
through  the  sides  thereof,  and  having 
their  ends  bent  in  opposite  directions, 
so  as  to  form  frame-hangers  at  top, 
and  frame-supportei's  at  thie  bottom, 
substantially  as  descril>ed. 

3.  Tlie  lierein  described  rcAersible 
bee-comb  frame,  comprising  a  rect- 
angular frame,  and  wires  extending 
through  the  frame  at  each  end  there- 
of, said  wires  having  their  i)ro.iecting 
ends  above  and  below  the  frame,  res- 
pectively bent  at  right  angles  in  oppo- 
site directions,  the  upper  bend  project- 
ing beyond  the  sides  of  frame  to  form 
frame-hangei's,  and  the  lower  bends 
j)ro.iecting  beneath  the  frame  to  sup- 
port the  weight  thereof,  said  wires  be- 
ing rotal)]e  so  that  the  position  of  the 
bends  may  be  reversed,  and  the  frame 
suspended  either  side  up,  substantially 
as  described. 


NEAV  YORK  STATE  INSTITUTES. 

llomulus.  N.  Y.,  Dec.  14,  1903. 
Editor  American  Bee-Keeper. 

Mr.  N.  E.  France,  of  Platteville, 
Wis.,  General  Manager  of  the  National 
Bee-Keepers'  Association,  has  been  se- 
cured l)y  the  Bureau  of  Farmers'  In- 
stitutes to  speak  at  a  series  of  Bee- 
Iveeper  Institutes  in  connection  Avith 
the  local  B.-K.  Societies  as  follows: 

Canandaigna,  January,  G-7. 

Romulus,  Janujiry  8. 

Cortland,  Januiiry  9. 

Auburn,  .January  11. 

Oswego,  January  12. 

.\msterdam,  January  13. 

Syracuse,  January  14-15. 

The  meeting  on  the  loth  will  be  that 
of  the  N.  Y.  S.  Asso.  of  B.-K.  Societies. 
C.  B.  Howard,  Sec. 


HONEY  AND  BEESWAX  MARKET. 


WASHINGTON  GRADING  RULES 
Fiinuy:  All  sections  ;to  be  well  filled,  combs 
straight,  of  even  thickness  and  firmly  attached  to 
all  fonr  sides;  both  wood  and  comb  unsoiled  by 
travel  staiu  or  otherwise;  all  the  cells  sealed  ex- 
cept the  row  of  cells  next  the  wood. 

No.  1;  All  sections  well  tilled,  bnt  combs  un- 
even or  crooked,  detached  at  the  bottom,  or  with 
bnt  few  cells  nnsealed;  both  wood  and  comb  un- 
soiled by  travel  stain  on  otherwise. 

In  addition  to  this  the  honey  is  to  be  clas.«iified 
according  to  color,  usinp  the  terms  white,  amber 
and  dark.  That  is,  there  will  be  "Fancy  white," 
"No.  1  dark,"  etc. 


THE  MARKETS. 


New  York,  Dec.  8. — The  demand  is 
good  for  faiic.v  honey.  Only  fair  for 
off  grades.  Supply  equal  to  demand. 
We  quote  Fancy  Avhite,  13  to  14c.;  Am- 
ber, 12,  dark,  10  to  lie.  ped  pound. 
Extracted,  white,  G  1-2;  light  amber, 
6;  amber,  5  3-4;  dark,  5  1-2.  Beeswax 
is  in  fair  demand,  with  supply  light  at 
2ft  to  29c.— Hildreth  &  Segelken. 


Boston,  Dec.  7. — Owing  to  very  large 
receipts  from  California  we  quote  our 
market  at  present  as  follows:  Fancy 
white  in  1-pound  sections,  IG  to  17c. ; 
A.No.l.  10c. ;  No.  1.  IHc.  No  call  for  No. 
2.  Extracted.  0  to  8c.,  according  to 
quality. — Blake,  Scott  »&  Lee. 


Buffalo,  Dec.  7. — The  demand  is  very 
good  just  now  for  fancy  stock.  The 
supply  is  moderate.  We  quote,  fancy 
comb.  14  to  15c.  per  pound;  extracted, 
5  to  7c.  The  demand  for  beeswax  is 
always  good.  Price  at  this  date,  30  to 
33c.,  for  fancy.— Batterson  &  Co. 


Kansas  City.  Mo.,  Dec.  7. — The  de- 
mand for  honey  is  good,  with  large 
supply.  Price  of  comb,  12  1-2  to  13c., 
darfe,  11  to  12c.,  extracted,  5  1-2  to  0 
l-2e  Extracted  honey  is  slow  sale. 
Beeswax  is  in  light  supply  at  30c. — 
Hamblin  &  Sappington. 


Chicago,  Dec.  7. — At  this  season  of 
the  year  there  is  not  much  trade  in 
lioney,  i-etailers  having  laid  in  their 
stock  for  the  holidays.  Fancy  comb 
honey  for  the  Christmas  trade  has 
brought  13  l-2c.  No.  1  grades  12  1-2 
to  13  cents;  amber  9  to  10;  extracted 
white  brings  6  to  7  cents;  amber  5  to 
6  cents.  All  extracted  honey  is  sold 
on  its  flavor,  quality,  kind  and  style 
of  packing.  Beeswax  28  to  30  cents. — 
R.  A.  Burnett  &  Co. 


Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Dec.  5. — Receipts 
of  comb  honey  larger,  demand  fair, 
prices  easier.  We  quote  fancy  24-sec- 
tion  cases  $2.75  to  $2.85;  No.  1,  24-sec- 
tion  cases  $2.75;  No.  2,  24-section  cases 
$2.65;  Extracted  white,  7  to  7  l-2c.; 
Extracted  amber,  per  pound,  6  to  6  1-2 
cents. — demons  &  Co. 


comb  is  Bold  in  single  case  lots  at  14c. 
The  supply  of  extracted  honey  is  big, 
although  the  demand  is  good.  We  are 
selling  amber  extracted  in  barrels  at 
5  3-4  to  6  l-2c. ;  white  clover  in  barrels 
and  cans,  7  1-2  to  8  l-2c,  according  to 
quality.     Beeswax,  30c. 

The  Fred  W.  Muth  CJo. 


I 


Cincinnati,  Dec.  15. — The  demand  for 
comb  honey  is  slower  now  than  it  was 
six  weeks  ago,  owing  to  the  enormous 
quantities  offered  on  all  sides.     Fancy 


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BIGGEST  little  book  out.  MODERN  BEE 
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THE  W.   T.    FALCONER   MFG.,   CO., 

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Send   us.  your   name   and   address   for   a   ea*- 
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T 


HE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO.,  MEDINA,  OHIO. 
Breeders  of  Italian  bees  and  queens. 


GEO.  J.  VANDE  VORD,  DAYTONA,  FLA. 
Breeds  choice   Italian    queens   early.     AH 
queens  warranted  purely  mated,  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed. 

CH.  W.  WEBER,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 
•     (Cor.  Central  and  Freeman  Aves.)    Golden 
yellow,  Red  Clover  and  Carniolan  queens,  bred 
from  select  mothers  in  separate  apiaries. 


THE  HONEY  AND  BEE  COMPANY,  BEE- 
VILLE,  TEXAS.  Holy  Land,  Carniolan, 
Cyprian,  Albino  and  3  aiid  5-banded  Italian 
queens.  Write  for  our  low  prices.  Satisfaction 
gnaranteed.. 


lOHN  M.  DAVIS,  SPRING  HILL,  TENN..  sends 
•J  out  the  choicest  3-banded  and  golden  Italian 
queens  that  skill  and  experience  can  produce. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.    No  disea.se. 

PUNIC  BEES.  All  other  races  are  dis- 
carded after  trial  of  these  wonderful  bees. 
Particulars  post  free.  John  Hewitt  &  Co., 
Sheffield,    Eng.  4 


I  B.  CHASE,  PORT  ORANGE,  FLA.,  has  tine 
J»  golden  Itiilian  queens  early  and  late.  Work- 
ers little  inclined  to  swarm,  and  cap  their  honey 
very  white.  Hundreds  of  his  old  customers  stick 
to  him  year  after  year.     Circular  free. 


CWARTHMORE  APIARIES,  SWARTHMORE, 
»^  PA.  Our  bees  and  queens  are  the  brighest 
Italians  procurable.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Correspondence  in  English,  French,  German  and 
Spanish.    Shipments  to  all  parts  of  the  world. 


WZ.   HUTCHINSON,  FLINT,  MICH. 
•     Superior  stock  queens,  81. .30  each;  queen 
and  Bee-Keepers'  Review  one  year  for  only  S'2.00. 


NEW  CENTURY  QUEEN-REARING  CO.,  (John 
W.  Pharr,  Prop.)  BERCLAIR,  TEXAS,  is 
breeding  fine  golden  and  3-banded  Italian  and 
Carniolan  queens.  Prices  are  low.  Please  write 
for  special  information  desired. 


MOORE'S  LONG-TONGUED  STRAIN 
of  Italians  become  more  and  more  popu- 
lar each  year.  Those  who  have  tested  them 
know  why.  Descriptive  circular  free  to  all. 
Write  T.   P.   iloore.    L.    Box  1,    .Morgan,   Ky.     4 


MAPS. 

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railroads,  postoflfices  —  and  man\ 
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all  official  returns.  We  will  send 
you  postpaid  any  state  map  you 
wish  for 

20    cents    (sHver) 

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^g  Wauneta,  Neb 


American 


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articulos  de  suma  utilidad  en  la  Apicul- 
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The  Oldest  and  Leading  Belgiai 
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Beeswax 
Wanted 

We  will  pay  29  cents  cash  or  31  cents 
:n  .GTOod.s  for  good  quality  of  Beeswax, 
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after  spending  money  for  new  hives  and  fixtures,  valu; 


^i 


R^  iSHIlFclS'bl^  time  in  the  preparation  of  these  for  new  swarms,  lea> 


-]  ing  other  work  at  a  convenient  time  (for  the  bees)  to  hiy 
■''^EYij  them;  and  now  that  a  good  crop  is  ready  the  next  step 
TJ^I  Attractive  packages.     Our  assortment  of  packages  ft 
^^  comb  honey  we  beheve  woukl  be  "difficult  to  improve  upc 
for  the  purpose  designed. 


The  special  features  of  the  No-Drip  Cases   for 

comb  honey  we  have  advertised  for  several  years  are 

the  Paper  Trays  and  Drip  Sticks  which  provide  for 

the  collection  of  leaking  honey  in  trays.     Thcbe  also 

prevent  its  oozing  out  at  the  cracks  to  gather  dust  Jj 

and  dirt  and  present  a  very  untidy  appearance  to  say 

the  least.     A  light  frame  is  now  used  cl-  ar  mound 

the  glass  in  front  which  hides  any  unsealed  cells  in 

the  outer  row,  and  exposes  to  view  only  the  finished 

work  in  the  center.    The  material  is  white  basswood. 

The  joints  are  perfect  fitting,  the  work  being  done  by  machine-filed  saws 

These  No-Drip  Cases  are  made  i^ 
12,  1 6  and  24  lb.  sizes  for  regular  47  ii 
sections,  as  well  as  intermediate  weight 
for  plain  sections.     These  are  supplie 


I 


\ 


I 


with  2  and  3  in.  glass  to  meet  the  (U 
mands  of  bee-keepers.  The  Danzenlx 
dvcr  and  Ideal  sections  are  also  provide 
for  with  No-Drip  Cases,  but  these  ai 
furnished  with  3  in.  glass  only. 

The  value  of  attractive  packages  en 

not  he  overestimated,  and  wide-awal 

bee-keepers    are  beginning   to   reili; 

_„  this  fact.     In  cartoons  we  supply  tw 

kinds,  the  Dazenbaker  and  the  Folding;  these  are  furnished  for  th-e.  rej2 

ular  sizes  of  sections  .  Both  of  these  are  furnished  with   special  printii-; 

at  a  nominal  charge. 

Our  packages  for   comb  honey 

would  be  incomplete  without  ship- 
ping crates  for  shipping  of  honey. 

This  one   shown    herewith    is    i1ie 

regular   package   we   ship   out   the 

cases  in  the  flat,     We  can  furnish 

these  in  the  flat   for   the  different 

sizes   of  the  section   cases  at  60c. 

each,  or  $5.00  for  ten. 

For  prices  on  any  of  the  above  or  any  other  bee-keepers'  supplies  address  any  ot  our  agents,  or 


MEDINA,     OHIO. 


Entered  at  the  Postomce,  Fort  i^iercc,      Fia..  as  second-class  mail  matter 


Webster's  Ui\abrid§ed 
Dictioivary 


Send  $1.00,  the  regular  subscription  price  qI  IHE  HOUSlillULD  KEALM,  and  you 
will  receive  the  Kealni  one  full  year  and  WEBSTER'S  COMPLETE  UNABRIDGED  DIC- 
l|i)NAKY,  full  regular  size,  bound  in  cloth,  1282  pap-es,  size  of  page  8Vfexl9^  inches,  gilt 
letters,  mottled  edges.  The  dictionary  is  guaranteed  to  be  exactly  the  same  as  retails  in 
many  stores  for  $5  and  $6.  We  send  both  for  only   JL 

THE    HOUSEHOLD    REALM 

is  a  large,   handsome,   illustrated  magazine,   devoted  to  all  that  pertains  to  the  home.  Some  of 

the  Departments  are.  Household,  Cooking,  Chil  drcn  Garden,   Fruit  and  Flower,   House  Plans, 

Fashion,   Fancy  Work,  Stories,   Poetry,  Music.   ,Mi>^cellaneous  Articles,  etc.   Established  in  1886. 

THE    HOUSEHOLD    REALM.     325   DEARBORN  ST.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


lenic 


COMMODE 


V/ATER- 

SEAL 

IN     SUBURBAN     HOMES, 


where    modern    baiiiroum  iacilities  are  denied  from  lack  of  sewerage, 

the    Hyeioiiic    Wat  er-Seai  Comraode  is  an  absolute  necessity 

for    comfort    and     saniiaiion.     Mecded     in     all     Hospitals     Sanitarium* 
and    Hotels.    l.\    SICKNESS,    especially     in     CONTAGIOUS     DIS- 
E.\SES,    the    Commode  is  indispensable  in   every  home,   as  the   Water- 
Seal    prevents    the    esca  pe  of  all  germs  and  odors.   It  is  light  and  port- 
able— weighs    5   X'l   lbs;    made  of   best  galvanized  iron;   will   last   a  life- 
time    Provided   with   disiniectant   cup.    Indnr-ed    by    leading    physicians    and    nurses.    Send    fo-- 
lUustraied    Circular.     PRICE  $3.00.   PURCHASER    PAYS  EXPRKSS     CHARGES. 
WV     FURNISH     DISIN  FECTANT    WHEN    DESIRED,    for   25  cents  additional. 
HV<;il-NlC    WAIEK-SEAI.    COMMODE  CO..   Como.   Bldg.,   Chicago,   111. 


njf    If,   EINaSAM 
J-"*-5     has   made   all    the  im- 
5  provements  in 

Bee  Smokers  and 
Honey  Knives 

made  in  ilie   last  20  years,  undoubted!} 
he  makes  the  best  on  earth. 

Smoke  Engine,   i  inch  stove,  none  too  large  sent 

postpaid,  per  mail fi.50 

3^  inch MO 

Knife,  80  cents.  3  inch 100 

2^  inch 90 

r.  F.Bingham,   LitUeWonder,'2in.    !65 

Farwell,  Wlich. 


10>OOOPIantsforl6c 

More  gardens  and  famia  are  planted  to 
Salzer'8  Seeils  than  any  otiier  in 
.     -Vnierii'a.    Tliere  is  reason  for  tl)i8.  —— 
AVe  own  and  operate  over  MX)  acres  for 
the  i)roductioii  of  our  warranted  seeds. 
In  order  to  induce  you  to  try  them,  we 
iiiaKe  you  the  following  unpre-i 
_     oedented  offer: 

Fof  16  Cents  Postpaid 

Kino  KnrI},  .Modiam  and  I.ate  Cabbagea,  . 
20()l»  UcIleiuUH,  Carrots,  ' 

UOUU  Blaocliine  t'elerj, 
20)10  KIch  Nutty  Lrttuee, 
lUOO  S|il«Ddld  OnloDB, 
1000  Itarc  Lusclouv  ItadUhea, 
1000  (iloriuuHly  ilrilllaut  I'lowani. 
AtMjve  seven  packages  contain  suffl- 
cieiit  seed  to  grovi'  1U,00(I  plants,  fur- 
nigliingbuahersorbrlllluiitfluwerB    ' 
and  lots  and  lots  of  clioi<'e  vegeta- 
bles,togetlier  with  our  Kreatca(ak)K,  ( 
telling  all  about  Klowers,  I{o8e8, 
Small    Fruits,  etc.,  all   for  l6c  in 
stamps  and   this  notice.      Jlain- 
nioth  140-page  catalog  alone,  4c. 
JOHN  A.  SALZER  SEED  CO., 
^'  La  Crosse,  Wis. 


The  only  strictly  agricultural 
paper  published  in  this  State.  The 
only  agricultural  paper  published 
every  week.  It  goes  to  every  post 
office  in  State  of  Tennessee  and  to 
many  offices  in  Kentucky,  Alabama, 
Georgia,  Mississippi,  Arkansas, 
Texas,  Florida  and  Louisiana.  It 
is  the  official  organ  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Department  of  Tennessee  and 
Live  Stock  Commission.  Subscrip- 
tion $1  per  year  in  advance. 

Tennessee  Farmer  Pub.  Co., 
stf  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Patent  Wired  Comb  Fonndation 

has  no  sag  in  brood  tTJin^r*. 

ThlD  Flat  Bottom  Fomdatloa 

has  no  Fish-bone  in  Surplus  ITnnev. 
Being  llif  cleanest  is  usually  worWed  the 
quickest  of  any  foundation  made.  The  talk 
ibciit  wiring  fnimes  iieems  absurd.  VVe  fnrni«h 
a  Wired  Foundation  that  is  Better.  Cheaper 
and  not  half  the  trouble  to  use  that  it  is  to 
wire  brood  frames. 
Circulars    and    samples    free. 

J.    VAN  DEUSEN    A  SONS. 

Si>le    Manufactur»rs 

.luin»jumer>   (.uun>-  Spr      t   Brook,    N.    V 


>^ 

Bee    H  i ves 


Sections 


EVERYTHING 

THAT  IS  USED  BY  BEE-KEEPERS  CAN  BE 
PROCURED  OF  US  AS  CHEAPLY  AS  ANY- 
WHERE, AND  WE  KNOW. 

Our  Goods  are  Superior 

BOTH  IN  MATERIALS    AND    WORKMAN- 
SHIP TO  THOSE  OF  ANY  COMPETITOR. 

One  Trial   Will   Convince   You 

THAT'S  ALL  WE  ASK.  WE  KNOW  YOU 
WILL  NEVER  BUY  OF  ANYBODY  ELSE. 

Our  new  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list  is  now 
ready.  Send  for  one  on  a  postal  card. 

The  W.  T. 
FALCONER  MANFG.  CO., 

JMMETSTOWNi,  N.  Y. 


J 


IF  YOU 

WANT  TO  GROW 

Vegetables,  Fruits  and  Farm 
Products  in  Florida  subscribe 
for  the  FLORIDA  AGRICUL= 
JURIST.  Sample  copy  sent 
on  application. 

E.O.  Painter  Pub.  Co. 

JACKSONVILLE,  FLORIDA. 


BEGINNERS. 

shon.d  hare  a  copy  of 

The  Amateur  Bee-keeper, 

a  70  page  book,  by  Prof.  J.  W.  Rouse;  writtea  ei- 
pecially  for  amateurs.  Second  edition  just  on' 
First  edition  of  1,000  sold  in  less  than  two  years 
Editor  York  says:  "It  is  the  Enest  little  book  pub- 
lished at  the  present  time."  Price  21  cents;  by 
Kail  28  cents.    The  little  book  and 

The  Progressive  Bee-keeper, 

(a  liTe,  proeressiye,  23  page  monthly  journal,)  one 
year  for  ti.ic.  Apply  to  any  first-class  dealer,  •T 
address 

LEAHY  MFG.   CO.,  HisfiHSTiu,,  m.. 


iTHISflSm^PIPE* 


The  only  Pipe  made 

thnt  cannot  be  told 

from  a  cigar.    Holds 

a  larpe'pifte  full  of 

tobacco  and  lasts  for  years.     Agents"  outfit  and  a  25-cent  sample 

by  mail  for  lOe.,  and  our  Big  Bargain  Catalog  Free.    Addresi, 

ZGNO    SUPPLY    CO.,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


PATENTS 


promptly  ohtainrd  OR  NO  FEE.  Trade-Marks, 
Caveata.  CopvriRhts  and  Lahels  reffistered. 
TWENTY  YEAitS'  PRACTICE.  Higheot  references. 
Seud  model,  sketch  or  photo,  for  free  report  | 
on  patentability.  All  business  confidential. 
HAND-BOOS  FREE.  Explains  everything.  Tells 
H.w  to  Obtain  and  Sell  Patents,  What  Inventions 
Will  Pay,  How  to  Get  a  Partner,  explains  best 
mechanical  movenxents,  and  oontamsSOO  other 
smlJectiAf  importance  to  inrenters.        Address, 

H.  B.  WILLSON  &  GO.  .r:' 

.    780  F  Street  North.         WASHINGTON,  D.C. 


00  YOUR  HENS  PAY? 

This  woman  understands 
her  business,  10  Dozen 
Eggs  at  36c.  per  dozen 
Irom  180  hens  in 
one  day. 


That   Egg 

Basket 

tells  the 
story. 


Ten  Dozen  at  36o.  per  doz.  In  one  day  for 
Our  New  Book  "Helps  for  Poultry  Kf 
how,  explains  wliy  so  many  fail  and  so  f ■ 
A  Book  we  can  commend  with  a  good  c<. 
a  GREAT  HELP  to  all  Poultry  Keeper, 
old.    Describes  00  varieties  of  fowls,  well  1. 
and  contains  a  Poultry  Keepers  Account  . 
gain  or  loss  monthly  ;on  heavy  paper  worih  i.   .     . 
This  Book  Free  with  our  Poultry  Paper  one  y  tar  for 
25c.  or  Book  free  with  paper  3  months  for  lOe. 
I>escriptive  circulars  Free  for  stamp  to  pay  postage. 

Wayside  Poultry  Co.,  Cliiitonville,  Conn. 


YOURSELF,  WASHING  THE  OLD 

WAY,  BUT  BUY  AN  E  IVI  P  I   R  E 

WASHER,  xcith  which  tht 
frailett  woman  can  do  an  or- 
Unary  voathing  in  one  hour, 
without  wetting  her  hand*. 
Sample  atwholetaleprice.  Satisfaction  Onnranteed. 
No  nav  until  tried.  Write/or  Pluttrat^d  Catalogyu 
anapricet  o/Wringer*, Ironing  Tablet,  Clothei  Reelt, 
DryingBar»,WagonJaek*,<i:c.  AtrentsWanted.  Lib- 
eral Terms.  QuickSalesl  Little "Workll  Big  Paylll 
.^c{<2reM,TEi£iiPiKBWA8BXBCo.,Jamestown.If.x. 


BARNES' 

Foot  Power  MacMnery, 

This  cut  represents  our 
Combined  Machine,  whick 
is  the  best  machine  made 
for  use  in  the  construction 
of  Hives,  Sections,  Boxes, 
etc.  Sent  on  trial.  Send  for 
Catalogue  and  Price  List. 
W.  F.  &  J.  BARNES  CO.. 
913  Ruby  St.,   Rockford.111. 


m  Mf.GAZINE 


One  year  free  to  quickly  in- 
troduce it.  As  good  as  Harp- 
er's, Munsey's,  LadiesHome  Journal  or  McClure's. 
Send  10  cents  to  help  pay  postage.  AITIEK1C4N 
NTOKIES.  Dept,  fi.D.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich 

tf. 


HOHE  WORK  STa,''"'-""'"^ 

week.    Enclose  stamp.     H.  D. 
Grand  Rapids,  Mtcht 


LEADER  CO 

tf. 


W.  M.  Gerrish,  R.  F.  D.,  Eppinj,  N,  H., 
keeps  a  complete  supply  of  our  coods,  aad 
Eastern  customers  will  save  freight  by  order- 
ing of  him. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  Co. 


Homes  in 

Old  Virginia. 

It  is  gradually  brought  to  light 
that  the  Civil  war  has  made  great 
changes,  freed  the  slaves,  ^nd  in 
consequence  has  made  the  large 
land  owners  poor  and  finally  freed 
the  land  from  the  original  owners 
who  would  not  sell  until  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  There  are  some 
of  the  finest  lands  in  the  market  at 
very  low  prices,  lands  that  produce 
all  kinds  of  crops,  grasses,  fruits, 
and  berries;  fine  for  stock.  You 
find  green  truck  patches,  such  as 
cabbage,  turnips,  lettuce,  kale, 
spinach,  etc.,  growing  all  the  win- 
ter. The  climate  is  the  best  all  th» 
year  around  to  be  found,  not  too 
cold  nor  too  warm.  Good  water. 
Healthy.  Railroads  running  in 
every  direction.  If  you  desire  to 
know  all  about  Virginia  send  10c. 
for   three    months    subscription    of 

the   VIRGINIA   FARMER  to 

Farmer  Co.,  Emporia,  Va. 


PATENTS 

Caveats,  Trade  Marks 
Copyrights  and  Designs 

Send  your  business  direct  to  Wushiiif^ton 
Saves  time,  yosis  loss,  better  service 

My  office  close  to  the  U.  S.  Patent 
Office.  Personal  attention  given.  Twenty 
years'  experience. 

Book    "How   to  Obtain 
Patents"  etc.,  sent  free. 

Patents  procured  throvigh  E.  G.  Siggers  receiye 
special  n9tice,  without  cljarge,  ia  the 

INVRMTIVR   AGR. 

'llustrated  Monthly.  Twelfth  year.  Terms  $1  a  year 

E.  Gi  SIGGERS, 

dlS  F  Street  N.  W.  Washington,  D.  C. 


There  is  no  trade  or  profession  better  catered  to 
oy  good  journals  than  that  of  tke  farmer.      UniB- 
tellifent  aaprogressiyeaass  has  bow  bo  exes**, 
tf. 


Good  Advertisers 

Those   who  are  earefu)   where   they 
place  thtir  advertising  money,  use 

BARNUM'S 

MIDLAND  FARMER 

which  reaches  over  .30,000  prosperous. 
wide-awaliS,  buying  farmers  every  is- 
sue. Regular  rate  14  cents  per  agate 
line,  but  send  us  a  trial  order  at  10 
cents  per  line  ($1.40  per  inch  each 
time),  and  we  will  place  it  where  it 
will  do  the  most  good.  Two  or  more 
new  subscriptions  (sent  together),  20 
cents  per  year.  Sixteen  pages,  four 
columns  to  page.  Departments  cover- 
ing every  branch  of  farming  and  stock- 
raising.  The  little  journal  that  is 
"readand  re-read  by  its  readers."  Bar- 
num's  Midland  Farmer,  No.  22  North 
Second  St.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  7tf 


Poultry  Success 

14th  Year,  32  to  64  Pages. 

The  2oth  Century 

POULTRY  MAGAZINE, 

Beautifully  illustrated,  50  cts.  per  year. 

Greatly  improved  and  enlarged.  Shows 

readers  how  to  succeed  with  poultry 

SPECIAL  INTRODUCTORY    OFFER. 

3  years,  60  cts.;  1  year,  25  cts.;  4 
mouths'  trial,  10  cts.;  stamps  ac- 
cepted. 

SAMPLE  COPY  FREE.  cf|^ 
Large,  Illustrated,  Practical  Poultry 

Book  FREE  to  yearly  subscribers. 
Catalogue    of    poultry)    publications 

FREE.     Address  nearest  office. 

POULTRY  SUCCESS  CO., 

Dept.    16.         j  ~  re  j  «  ) 
DesMoines,  Iowa,       Springfield,  Ohio. 


American 


BEE 


Journal 


16 -p.  Weekly. 

„_-- Sample  Tree. 

*S"  All  about  Bees  and  their 
profitable  care.  Best  writers. 
Oldest  beepaper;  illustrated. 

Departments  f<  r  befriauera 
and  for  women  bee-keepers. 
Address, 

QEORQE  W.  YORK  &  CO. 
144  &  146  Erie  St.  Chicago.Ilu 


When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


AGENTS  Wanted '  washin': 


for  our 

\g  Machines. 
You  can  double  your  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

and  they  sell  easily.     We  have  sold  over   150,000  In  the  last  fourteen  years.      They 
are  cheaper  than  ever.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co.,    Jamestown,  N.Y. 


The  Iowa 

Horticultural 

Paper. 

Monthly, 
50  cents 
per  year. 

It  is  unique, 
planned  on 
original  lines. 

You  cannot 
be  up-to-date 
in  fruit  growing  unless  you  read  it. 

Balance  of   this   year  free  to  new 
subscribers. 

THE  FRUITMAN, 
^  Mt.  Vernon,   Iowa. 


na/e  want 

Every  reader  of  the  American  Bee-K-^ner  to 
write  for  a  free  sample  copy  mi  the 

EOCKY  MO'JJiTAIN  BEE  M?Mi 

Tells  you  about  Western  methods,  co-opera 
tire  honey  selling  and  the  e<'cat  big  crop*  tha' 
have  made  the  Alfalfa  regions  famous.  Addres» 
the  publisher, 

H.  C.  MOREHOUSE, 

Boulder'    Colo. 
tf. 

SHINE/ 

The  Empire  Washer  Company,  Jamestown, 
N.  Y.  makes  a  Shine  Cabinet,  furnished  with 
foot  stand,  blacking,  russet  dressing,  shot 
rubber — in  fact,  all  articles  and  materials  need- 
ed to  keep  shoes  looking  their  best— and  it  Is 
made  to  be  fastened  to  the  wall  of  the  toilet 
room  or  kitchen,  it  do^s  away  with  the  rex 
atious  searching  after  these  articles  which  i* 
altogether  too  common.  A  postal  will  bring 
you   details   of   this  and  oth  r   good   things. 


The  Nebraska  Farm  Journal 

A    monthly    journal    devoted     to 
agricultui-al     intei-csts.  Largest 

circulation  of  jiny  agricultural  pa- 
per in  the  wc.^t.  It  circulates  in 
Missouri,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Iowa 
and  Colorado. 

C.A.  DOUGLASS,  prop. 
Itf  1123  N  St.,  Lincoln,  Neb. 


AUSTRALIANS. 


NOTE  the  address— 


Pender  Bros., 

WEST  MAITLAND, 
New  South  Wales,        Australia. 


The  largest  manufacturers  of    Beekeepers' 
Sujiplies  in  the  Sonthein  Hemisi.heie 
and    publishers    of    the    AT  STKA I.ASIAN 
BKEKKEPKR,   the  leading  bee  journal  south 
of  the  equator. 

Sample  copy  and  64-page  catalogue,  FREE 

(j-tf 


HOMESEEKERS 

AND  INVESTORS,  who  ai'e  iiiterost- 
0(1  in  the  Southern  section  of  tlie 
Union,  should  snbsci'ihe  for  THE 
nLXIE  HOMESEEKEK.  a  ii.iiHlsonie 
illustrated  magazine,  descriliins  tho 
industrial  development  of  the-  South, 
and  its  many  advantnses  to  homeseek- 
ers  and  investors.  Sent  one  year  on 
trial  for  15c. 

Address, 

THR  DIXIE   HOMESEEKER, 
West  Appomattox,  Va. 


When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


CASH  FOR  YOl 


The  American  Bee-Keeper  is  in  the  market  to  buy  arti- 
cles on  bee-keeping  subjects.  Articles  with  photographs 
to  illustrate  are  especially  desired.  We  will  pay  well  for 
good  work.  We  want  reporters  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 
Give  us  an  opportunity  to  bid  on  your  pen  productions 
and  the  results  of  your  photographic  skill.     Address, 

THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER, 

Fort  Pierce,  Fla. 


We  Outgrew  Our  Old  Quarters 


The  growing  demands  of  a  rapidly  increasing  business  have 
moved  us.    We  are  now  located  at 

NO.  51  WALNUT  STREET. 

We  have  increased  facilities,  and  a  new,  well-supplied  and  up- 
to-date  stock.     Everything  that  bee-keepers  need  and  demand. 

Best  Bee  Supplies  in  America. 

Special  discounts  for  early  orders.     Send  for  catalog. 
QUEEN  BEES  AND  NUCLEI  IN  SEASON. 
THE  FRED  W.    flUTH  CO., 

51  Walnut  Street  -  =  =  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 

I.  J.  STRINGHAM, 

105  Park  Place, 
NEW     YORK  . 
Furnishes  everything  a  bee-keeper  uses.     We  endeavor  to  have 
our  line  of  supplies  include  the  most  practical  articles.     Full  col- 
onies of  bees.     Nuclei  colonies  and  queens  in  season,       Discount 
for  early  orders. 
Apiaries.     Glen  Cove^  L.  I.  Catalog  free. 


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3©C5©?5©©<5<!^©©0©©©0©©©  ©©OOO©© 


Vol.  XIV 


FEBRUARY,    1904 


No.  2 


Minter  in  (^olora^o. 

BY  EUGENE  FIELD. 

(f/^  HE  snow  lies  deep  upon  the  ground, 
\W       The  birds  sing  sweetly  in  tne  trets, 
^ — -^  The  scent  of  roses  all  around 
Is  borne  upon  the  icy  breeze. 

Upon  each  irrigating  stream 

The  skating  youth  indulge  in  play, 

While  women  folk,  like  fairies,  beam 
In  summer  hats  and  white  pekay. 

The  plumber  taps  the  pipe  that's  froze, 
And  tears  up  ceiling,  side  and  floor; 

While  round  about  the  ice  man  goes, 
And  leaves  his  chattels  at  our  door. 

The  man  with  frozen  hands  and  feet 
Is  hurried  off  and  put  to  bed ; 

Another,  prostrate  with  the  heat, 
Wears  cabbage  leaves  upon  his  head. 

Thus  speeds  the  weather  in  our  State, 
A  batch  of  contradictions  rude, 

And  we  assign  our  varying  fate 
To  this  peculiar  altitude. 


24 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


February 


FOUL    BROOD    IN    THE    APIARY, 

Prevention,  Not  Cure,  a  Solution  of  the  Problem.   An  Exhaustive  Discussion  of  the 
Subject  by  a  Pioneer  in  the   Formalin  Treatment. 

BY  C.  H.  W.  WEBER. 


IN  3875  Hilbert  discovered  that  bac- 
teria are  the  originators  of  many 
iufpctious  diseases. 

In  1S54  Cohn  proved  the  vegetable 
nature  of  bacteria,  and  showed  that 
foul  brood  was  caused  by  those  bac- 
teria. 

Dr.    Kolbe   advocated   salicylic   acid 
for  curing  foul  brood.     Since  then,  it 
has  been  proven,  that  the  treatment  of 
foul  brood  colonies 
'     with  antisceptics  is 
insufficient,       and 
that    a     successful 
cure  is   only  to   be 
expected  of  the  col- 
onies of  bees  them- 
selves and  of  their 
natural      treatment 
and  development. 

In  1883  the  crea- 
tor of     foul     brood 
was     described    by 
Cheshire  &  Cheyne 
as   a   thin   bacillus, 
slightly  rounded  on 
each  end,  having  a 
length   of   3-5   to   4 
ihousandths     milli- 
meter, and  only  col- 
ored with  difficulty, 
they  named  it  "Ba- 
cillus   Alvei."    The 
temperature      most 
favorable  for  its  de- 
velopment is  37,   5 
degrees   R.    or  115  degrees   F.    (Maxi- 
mum 47  degrees  R.,   minimum  16  de- 
grees R.).  The  spores,  which  are  thick- 
er than  the  actual  bacillus  are  formed 
on  the  ends  of  the  bacillus  which  as- 
sume the  form  of  a  spindle  during  the 
formation  of  spores,  they  can  be  killed 
on  being  boiled  for  three  hours. 

Professor  Harrison  discovered,  that 
development  of  the  bacillus  alvei  is 
stopped  by  betanaphtol,  also  by  formic 
acid,  formaldehyde  and  thymol.  On 
adding  10  per  cent,  of  forrnic  acid  to 
the  food  in  the  cells  for  the  larvae  the 
formation  of  the  bacillus  alvei  is  pre- 
vented. 


By  my  own  experiments  and  trials 
with  the  foul  brood  germ  1  learned  that 
the  fumes  of  formaline  will  kill  the 
bacteria  and  spores  on  coming  in  con- 
tact with  them.  Thus  far  it  was 
thought,  that  bacillus  alvei  was  a  par- 
ticular variety  of  bacterium  only  found 
in  colonies  of  bees,  but  September, 
1902,  Dr.  Lambotte,  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Leige  published  that  by 
careful  examina- 
tion he  found,  that 
the  bacillus  alvei  is 
identical  with  the 
bacillus  mesenteri- 
cus  vulgaris,  so 
plentifully  found  in 
Nature. 

From  Fluegge 
and  Migula  we 
know,  that,  first, 
the  biclllus  mesen- 
tericus  vulgatus  is 
found  on  potatoes 
and  milk,  especially 
in  the  ground.  Sec- 
ond, that  the  bacil- 
lus mesentericus 
fuscus  is  found  on 
potato  pealing  and 
in  the  air.  Third, 
that  according  to 
Globig,  the  bacillus 
mesentericus  ruber 
is  usually  found  on 
potatoes.  To  these 
three  varieties  Dr. 
Lambotte  adds  as  a  fourth  the  bacillus 
mesentericus  vulgaris,whiich  specie  ap- 
pears especially  upon  ill-kept  bread, 
and  which  is  said  to  be  identical  with 
the  originator  of  the  foul  brood.  It  Is 
expected  that  other  bacteriologists  will 
confirm  Dr.  Lambotte's  statement. 

The  observations  of  Lambotte  ex- 
plain why  so  many  bee-colonies  be- 
come affected  with  foul  brood,  where 
any  contagion  from  other  colonies  is 
ex<?luded  or  absolutely  impossible. 
They  also  prove,  that  the  destrnction 
or  burning  of  the  affected  colonies  Is 
insufficient  for  the  successful  exter- 
mination of  the  foul  brood.    Of  what 


1!)04 


THE  AMERICAN   BEE-KEEPER 


25 


avail  will  the  destmction  of  afPected 
colonies  be,  wben  the  cause  of  the 
dispnse  is  sprend  ovov  tho  entire  uni- 
verse, in  the  Rronnd,  in  the  air,  on  the 
plants  and  fruits? 

Mehrin.e-  writes  in  his  book,  that  foul 
brood  of  the  worst  form  can  be  pro- 
duced by  feeding  a  colony  with  the 
.iuife  of  dried  fruit,  wliich  bad  been 
cooked  and  sweetened  with  sugar. 
This  shows  that  the  bacteria  must  be 
on  fruits. 

PhTl.  Reidenbach  says:  "The  foul 
brood  iTPc^pr'n  have  not  siT^h  (lestrnc- 
tive  peculiarities  that  a  larvae,  com- 
ing in  contact  with  it  must  get  sick 
and  die."  Then  he  says,  that  he  made 
an  one  per  cent,  solution  of  foul  In'-^od 
combs  in  water;  this  he  added  to  the 
food  for  the  larvae  of  difFerent  ages, 
in  the  cells  by  means  of  a  eamel's 
hair  brush.  In  spite  of  this,  all  larvae 
developed  into  bees  in  due  time,  only 
when  he  introduced  the  pure  foul  brood 
to  the  food  in  the  cells,  the  larvae  died, 
but  the  colony  did  not  become  affected 
with  foul  brood  on  that  account,  for 
the  dead  larvae  were  removed  by  the 
bees  and  the  colony  had  been  primarily 
a  sti'ong  one. 

Some  bee-keepers  claim,  that  they 
gave  frames  affected  Avith  foul  brood 
to  strong,  healthy  colonies  in  order  to 
reclean  them,  without  any  sign  of  sick- 
ness or  disease  being  perceptible  later 
on.  Formerly  it  AA'as  customary  to 
fiirht  against  the  foul  brood  by  means 
of  disinfectants,  however,  without  any 
satisfactory  results  being  obtained; 
finally,  the  bacteriologists  came  to  the 
conclusion,  that  the  bacillus  were 
merely  killed  but  not  the  spores,  for 
whose  extermination  the  disinfectants 
would  have  to  be  so  highly  concen- 
trated that  the  bees  were  unable  to 
endure  it.  If  weaker  substances,  for 
instance  a  solution  of  formaldehyde 
were  used  the  malady  was  checked  for 
the  time  being,  but  reapneared  when 
the  treatment  was  discontinued.  These 
failui-es  created  a  feeling  of  disponr- 
agement,  and  it  was  considered  as 
foolish  to  tr.v  to  cure  the  malady  on 
these  principles.  But  it  is  not  quite 
so  bad  as  it  seems  to  be,  for  the  hard 
work,  the  bee-keeper  undertakes  by 
trying  to  disinfect  his  bees,  the  bees 
themselves  willingly  relieve  him  of, 
because  Nature  has  fitted  them  out  to 
best  perform  this  work  themselves. 
The   bees  are  best  adapted     to     free 


themselves  most  rapidly  of  foul  broody 
nymphs  and  larvae;  for  this  purpose 
they  produce  special  substances,  for 
preventing  the  development  of  the  bac- 
cillus  and  spores  and  for  keeping  them 
in  a  latent  condition. 

We  are  encountering  a  new  miracle 
of  the  apiary.  The  keeping  of  the 
bacillus  from  further  doing  harm.  In 
other  words,  the  disinfection  of  their 
homes,  is  executed  by  the  bees  them- 
selves by  application  of  substances, 
which  the  human  intellect  first  discov- 
ered after  many  years  of  research  and 
which  at  present  are  accepted  as  the 
most  effective  disinfectants  for  our 
homes.  First,  the  secretion  of  the 
salivary  glands  and  the  foodchyle  of 
the  bees  contain  abundant  vinous  acid, 
which  is  analogous  with  the  acid  in 
grapes  and  wine. 

Second.  A  long  time  after  the  newly 
hatched  bee  has  left  the  cell  the  brood 
cells  still  produce  gasious  formic  acid. 
Third.  The  larvae  contain  plenty  of 
concentrated  formic  acid,  which  as  a 
free  acid  from  the  vinous  acid  of  the 
food  chyle  oxidation.  Fourth.  The 
etherial  oils,  which  the  bees  gather 
with  the  nectar  and  pollen,  serve  as 
disinfectants  and  act  as  a  stimulant 
or  spjpe  for  their  food. 

Phil.  Reidenbach  claims,  that  on 
chemical  analysis  of  thymolatic  Ajo- 
Avan  oil  he  found  it  to  be  a  first -class 
stimulant  and  antiseptic,  nearly  as 
effective  as  sublimate.  This.  Dr.  Lam- 
botte  endorses  emphatically,  saying, 
that  he  arrived  at  the  same  results  by 
microscopic  investigations.  That  the 
larvae  contain  substances  of  an  anti- 
septic nature  which  prevent  the  de- 
velopment of  bacillus,  for  which  rea- 
son bacteria  may  appear  in  healthy 
larvae.  The  transsubstantiation  in  the 
bees  and  larvae,  the  formation  of 
formic  acid  from  vinous  acid  of  the 
food-chyle  by  means  of  oxydation  is 
of  great  value  for  keeping  foul  brood 
out  of  the  colon.v.  If  the  bees  are  to 
be  energetic  and  ambitious,  so  that 
they  clean  up  their  brood  frames  and 
carry  out  all  their  dead  larvae  and 
nymphs;  if  they  are  to  produce  anti- 
septic substances  in  abundance,  and  if 
they  shall  be  healthy  and  resistible 
against  foul  brood  the  following  con- 
ditions must  be  complied  with  under 
all  circumstances: 

1st.  A  good  ventilation  of  the  hives. 

2nd.  Good  food,  honey  and  pollen. 


26 


THE   AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


February 


3rd.  A  normal  queen  which  produces 
strong,  healthy  population. 

The  results  of  poor  ventilation  of  the 
hives  are  known:  in  winter  a  wet 
colony,  moldy  combs  which  are  unable 
to  produce  formic  acid,  scarcity  of  air, 
increased  wants  for  food,  setting  on 
brood  in  unreasonable  season,  scarcity 
of  water,  dysentery,  chilled  brood,  foul 
brood.  In  summer,  overheating,  dull- 
ness, poor  quality  and  scarcity  of  food, 
dying  of  the  brood  and  again  foul 
brood. 

Experience     teaches     us     that    foul 
brood  is  easily  produced  in  those  colo- 
nies,  where  there  is  poor  ventilation. 
Honey  is  the  only  food  for  bees,  sugar 
containing    hardly    any    albumen    will 
not  have  the  desired  effect.    Whoever 
had  the  opportunity  to  see  how  bees 
prefer  honey  when  sugar  is  set  next  to 
it;  whoever  has  not  observed,  that  in 
spring  the  swarms  fed  in  winter  with 
honey  are  in  advance  of  those  raised 
on  sugar,  will  have  to  learn  from  physi- 
ology,   that    the    development   of    all 
animals  and  formation  of  nitrogenous 
organic  substances  depends  on  the  al- 
bumen in  the  food;  hence  the  energetic 
active  spirit  of  the  bees  depends   on 
their  food.    This  shows,  that  the  bees 
need  honey  and  pollen  in  order  to  be 
able  to  take  up  the  fight  against  foul 
brood.     What   has   a   colony   of   bees 
got  to  nourish  its  brood  in  spring,  witu 
a  solution  of  sugar     which     contains 
scarcely   any  albumen?     Nothing,   not 
even  what  they  need  to  keep  up  the 
energetic  spirit  to  throw  out  the  dead 
larvae  and  nymphs.    How  valuable  the 
albumen  is  in  the  food,  we  can  readily 
observe  in  the  wild  animals.     Without 
albumen   where  would  their  energetic 
spirit  be?    A  foul  brood  colony  never 
shows  life.    Pollen  is  the  food  for  bees, 
which    contains      the     most    albumen. 
What  pollen  amounts  to  we  can  learn 
from     the    Heide    bee-keepers.       Mr. 
Lehrzen,    of   Lueneburg,    writes:    The 
bee-keepers  claim  that  if  the  bees  are 
left  in  one  place  for  three  years,  they 
will  all  be  infected   with  foul  brood, 
caused  as  the  bee-keepers  claim,   by 
the  lack  of  pollen  until  late  in  tne  sea- 
son.   This  also  shows,  that  the  origin- 
ator of  foul  brood  must  be  widely  dif- 
fused, for  if  foul  lirood  appears  in  con- 
sequence  of  missing   pollen,   the    foul 
brood    bacteria    must    be    very    plen- 
tiful.     When    pollen    is    missing  the 
bees   will  keep   themselves   for  some- 


time as  the  honey  contains  about  from 
1  to  3  per  cent,  of  albumen.  The  most 
of  this  in  digested  form  called  peptone, 
which  does  not  melt  on  cooking.  The 
presence  of  peptone  in  honey  I  have 
found  on  analysis.  Out  of  the  salivary 
glands,  the  peptone  is  more  or  less 
transformed  into  a  sugar  solution,  but 
in  quantities  too  small.  Often  the 
queen  is  at  fault,  that  the  colony  be- 
comes sick,  if  she  produces  more  or 
less  degenerated  bees.  Degeneration 
shows  itself  on  the  creatures  by  organ- 
ic defects,  insufficient  development, 
small  resistability  against  contagious 
diseases,  short  life,  especially  by  lazi- 
ness and  lack  of  energy.  The  degen- 
eration is  a  consequence  of  abnormal 
conditions,  especially  copulation  of 
near  relation.  Look  for  good  ventila- 
tion, good  food  for  fresh  blood  and  for 
queens  not  related  to  your  stock. 

Other  precautions  for  the  prevention 
of  the  malady,  which,  however,  are  of 
secondary  importance,  must  be  taken 
into  consideration.  Under  all  circum- 
stances keep  away  contagious  combs 
and  honey  as  much  as  possible.  When 
buying  honey  for  feeding,  we  should 
be  very  careful  to  place  no  foul  brood 
combs  into  healthy  colonies;  watch  the 
brood  cells  at  all  times,  in  order  to  de- 
tect the  presence  of  the  disease  in  the 
beginning.  Disinfect  all  used  hives, 
which  come  from  other  apiaries,  fumi-- 
gate  them  with  formaline.  All  bacillus 
and  spores  are  positively  killed  by  the 
formaldehyde  fumes  under  the  follow- 
ing conditions:  They  must  be  so  ex- 
posed that  the  fumes  can  come  in  con- 
tact with  them,  they  may  only  be  cov- 
ered with  thin  materials,  for  instance, 
paper,  one  cubimeter  of  air  must  at 
least  contain  eight  grains  of  formalde- 
hyde, the  air  of  the  respective  depart- 
ment must  be  very  moist  and  warm 
and  the  fumigation  must  be  continued 
for  at  least  seven  hours. 

Formaldehyde  is  highly  recommeded, 
because  it  leaves  no  odor  or  residue  in 
the  hives  or  combs.  For  fumigation, 
pastilles  in  a  retorte  may  be  used,  the 
fumes  out  of  the  retorte  to  be  led  into 
the  hive,  into  which  a  vessel  with  boil-  ' 
ing  water  had  been  previously  placed. 
After  ten  hours  all  foul  brood,  bacillus 
and  spores  will  be  dead.  Or,  the  lamp, 
which  I  described  about  a  year  ago, 
may  be  used. 

A  40  per  cent  solution  of  formalde- 
hyde is  called  formaline.    One  pastille 


1904 


THE   ,\.]fERrCAN   liEE-KEEPER 


27 


produces  one  grain  formaldehyde. 
First,  it  acts  as  formaldehyde,  then  as 
formic  acid  into  which  it  was  trans- 
formed by  oxydation.  C.H.20  (formal- 
dehyde +  20  (oxygon  )=C  H20  formic 
acid).  Formaldehyde  readily  oxydizes 
into  formic  acid  in  the  air.  It  is  not 
imi)nssil)le  that  the  escaping  formic 
acid,  which  is  generated  in  the  brood 
cells,  originates  from  formaldehyde. 

Is  it  not  interesting  to  know  that 
science  has  found  the  way  of  Nature, 
and  that  the  antiseptics  we  now  use 
and  which  are  acknowledged  to  be  the 
best  are  the  same,  which  Nature  has 
forever  used  in  the  bee  hive?  We  no 
longer  place  all  our  hopes  upon  the  ap- 
plication of  one  remedy,  but  rather 
upon  the  colony  itself,  upon  the  con- 
ditions prevailing  in  the  hives,  upon 
the  conditions  of  the  colon^,  so  that 
it  is  able  to  produce  the  substance 
which  it  needs  for  the  prevention  of  the 
evil,  uiion  the  energetic  spirit  which 
will  make  the  bees  throw  out  the  dead 
larvae  and  nymphs. 

The  strength  of  the  colony  which  has 
to  be  treated  must  be  talven  into  con- 
sideration. When  the  disease  is  no- 
ticed in  a  weak  colony,  I  would  not 
try  to  cure  it,  but  would  unite  it  with 
another  one  of  the  same  condition,  as 
the  value  of  time  thus  employed  would 
re])av  the  trouble.  The  sickness  iiasses 
through  various  stages,  we  may  there- 
fore make  two  divisions,  calling  the 
one  the  first  or  harmless  stage,  and 
when  it  is  further  advanced,  the  sec- 
ond or  dangerous  stage.  A  strong  col- 
ony throws  out  the  nymphs  and  larvae 
when  dead  at  once  and  cannot  become 
foul  broody. 

If  the  colony  suffers,  however,  under 
the  depression  of  unhealthy  conditions 
by  not  having  enough  supply  of 
healthy  food  or  from  exposure  to  the 
cold,  or  from  overlTeating,  then  we 
notice  dullness  and  laziness  on  the 
part  of  the  bees  and  they  no  longer 
throw  the  dead  larvae  and  nymphs  out 
of  the  cells.  These  suffering  bees 
may  malce  an  attemjit  to  do  so,  or  may 
gnaw  at  the  dead  larvae  and  nymphs, 
removing  the  cappings  of  the  cells  in 
which  they  had  died  two  days  after 
being  capped.  In  such  combs,  we  see 
uncapped  cells  among  the  perfectly 
capped  brood,  these  uncapped  cells 
contain  white  and  brownish  nymphs 
which  had  died  two  days  after  being 
capped.     This  can  be  seen  plainly  on 


the  pointed  head.  Such  a  colony,  which 
has  uncapped  foul  brood  cells,  suffers 
from  the  harmless  stage.  If  the  bees 
notice  the  foul  brood,  they  gnaw  the 
hirvae,  nymphs  and  cappings,  but  can 
not  resolve  to  clean  the  cells.  If,  how- 
ever, better  weather  and  food  sets  in, 
they  often  awake  to  new  life;  they 
clean  the  cells  and  by  so  doing  de- 
stroy the  harmless  foul  brood.  The 
same  result  may  also  be  obtained  by 
artificial  means.  If  such  a  colony, 
where  there  is  no  flow  of  honey,  be 
daily  supplied  with  prepared  honey 
pollen,  at  the  same  time  placing  a 
piece  of  blotting  paper,  on  which  from 
40  to  50  drops  of  Ajowan  oil,  rosemary 
oil,  melissen  oil,  or  anis  oil  had  been 
poured,  on  the  bottom  board  of  the 
hive  you  will  be  astonished  at  the 
stimulating  effect  the  oil  will  have 
upon  the  colony,  how  it  will  bring  out 
new  life  and  how  the  colony  will  re- 
commence to  clean  up  and  cast  out  the 
dead  larvae  and  nymphs.  It  occurs 
that  a  colony  becomes  affected  with 
the  harmless  foul  brood  and  is  again 
cured  without  the  owner  noticing  it. 

On  longer  duration  of  the  disease  it 
becomes  more  and  more  contagious, 
the  number  of  dead  larvae  and  nymphs 
grow  together  with  the  depression  of 
the  colony.  The  bees  no  longer  un- 
cap the  cells,  but  leave  the  most  un- 
touched, they  bite  a  small  hole  in 
the  capping  and  then  the  dead  nymphs 
begin  to  putrefy  and  transform  into 
the  well  known  bad-smelling  brood 
mass.  This  is  the  dangerous  stage  of 
foul  brood.  It  now  declines  from  step 
to  step.  But  even  this  dangerous  stage 
is  not  always  so  bad,  but  that  the 
colony  may  become  re-encouraged  if 
fed  for  some  time  or  treated  with  the 
above  mentioned  remedy.  There  are 
several  cases  known,  that  affected  colo- 
nies were  cured  by  a  honey  flow.  In 
such  cases  in  which  the  colony  was 
treated  with  stimulating  food  and 
etheric  oil.  without  the  desired  effects 
having  been  obtained  a  better  queen 
mnst  be  substituted  for  the  old  one. 
Disinfecting  and  changing  the  hives 
is  only  necessary,  when  the  malady 
has  developed  to  a  high  degree. 

Whosoever  treats  his  colony  careful- 
ly and  takes  care  that  his  colonies  are 
supplied  with  good  and  plentiful  food, 
fresh  blood,  good  ventilation,  and  good 
queens,  will  be  safe  from  the  bad  or 
dangerous  stage  of  foul  brood.    If  foul 


28 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


February 


brood  ever  aj^pears,  the  careful  bee- 
keeper will  surely  cure  It  in  the  de- 
scribed maimer,  he  will  constantly 
watch  his  brood  and  if  he  notices  any 
gnawed  cells,  he  will  attend  to  them 
at  once,  so  that  the  evil  does  not  gain 
the  upper  stage.  Last  summer,  after 
the  honey  flow  was  over,  I  had  the 
opportunity  to  witness  a  party  using 
the  McEvoy  treatment.  For  a  while 
we  thought  that  it  had  cured,  but  after 
some  time  the  sickness  reappeared,  al- 
though the  treatment  had  been  care- 
fully performed.  But  as  only  sugar 
syrnp  was  fed.  the  energetic,  a<•ti^■e, 
ambitious  spirit  of  the  bees  Ava.s  miss- 
ing. This  I  also  noticed,  when  formal- 
dehyde fumigation  was  used  exclusive- 
ly. This  leads  me  to  the  conc^lusion 
that  if  healthy  honey  and  pollen  in 
oils  had  been  used  the  cure  would  have 
been  perfect.  There  always  will  be 
bee-keepers  who  will  not  take  proper 
care  of  their  bees.  For  such,  a  foul 
brood  law,  compelling  them  to  disin- 
fect hives  and  colonies  is  necessary. 

The  prevention  of  disease  and  the 
natural  care  of  colonies  are  the  main 
thing,  but  not  the  destruction  and  the 
curing  of  the  malady.  The  enemy  is 
only  to  be  kept  out  of  the  apiary  by 
natural  ways.  Keep  them  so,  that 
when  spring  reappears  and  revives  all 
nature,  your  bees  awake  from  their 
slumbers  strong  and  healthy,  not  weak, 
perhaps  so  weak  they  are  beyond  re- 
covery. 
Cincinnati.  Ohio,  .Tan.  16,  1904. 
•*-t~^ 

BEES    AND   ANTS. 


Some  of  the  Obstacles  with  Which  the  Fbrrda  Bee 

Keeper  Has  to  Contend. 

By  C.  S.  Harris. 

A    FRIEND  a  few  miles  distant  re- 
cently  wrote  me  that  on  visit- 
ing an   out-yard   a   day  or  two 
before  he  had  found  it  in  an  uproar, 
with  a  big  (-luster  of  bees  about  five 
hives  in  different  parts   of   the   yard, 
three  of  which  had  been  cleaned  out 
by  the  robbers.    He  thought  ants  were 
at  the  botloni  of  the  trouble,  which  was 
■very  likely  the  case,  as  they  had  begun 
ito  show  themselves  in  my  apiary,  al- 
tibbough  a  month  earlier  than  I  usually 
have  trouble  with  them. 

We' have  many  branches  of  the  ant 
family  hei-e,  but  only  two  of  them  I 
find  especially  troublesome  in  the  api- 


ary, one  being  a  small  black  ant  that 
nests  about  the  hives  and  is,  I  .some- 
times think,  more  annoying  to  the  apia- 
rist than  to  the  bees,  as  they  crawl 
upon  the  person  and  inflict  their  sharp 
stinging  bites  while  he  is  engaged 
about  the  hives.  They  will  occasion- 
ally over-run  and  destroy  a  very  weak 
nucleus. 

The  other,  and  only  one  to  be  feared, 
is  a  large  red  ant,  the  workers  of  which 
are  about  three-eights  of  an  inch  in 
length,  while  the  soldier  ants  are  often 
a  half-inch  long,  and  provided  with 
strong,  sharp  jaws  capable  of  cutting 
even  the  human  skin.  These  ants  are 
great  foragers  and  will  travel  long  dis- 
tances for  food.  While  they  will  eat 
honey  and  other  sweets,  they  seeni 
particularly  fond  of  meat  diet,  and  at- 
tack the  bt^es  in  order  to  feast  upon  the 
brood.  They  work  only  at  night  as 
a  rule.  They  are  very  round-a-bout  in 
their  attacks  at  times,  passing  a  long 
row  of  hives  to  select  one  farthest  from 
their  nest:  sometimes  going  up  one 
tree  and  down  another  many  feet  from 
their  starting  point,  making  it  diiflcult 
to  line  them  home,  which  is  the  best 
way  to  deal  Avith  them. 

They  nest  in  rotten  stumps  and 
roots,  or  trash  of  any  kind  and  some- 
times, though  I  think  not  often,  in  the 
open  ground.  They  frequently  have  a 
series  of  colonies  radiating  from  the 
old  nest  and  these  various  colonies 
seem  to  live  in  harmony  and  unite  in 
securing  food  supplies. 

The  queen  is  about  the  size  of  the 
soldier  ants  or  jierhaps  a  trifle  larger, 
^vith  a  more  tapering  abdomen.  The 
(lueens  and  drones,  or  male  ants,  are 
provided  with  wings,  which  are  either 
shed  naturally  or  bitten  off  by  the 
v.-orkers  after  the  mating  period. 

I  have  tried  various  poisons  upon 
tliem,  giving  it  on  finely-chopped  meat 
or  drone  brood,  and  I  think  that  Faris 
green  is  effectual,  if  you  can  get  them 
to  take  the  n)eat  which  for  some  rea- 
son they  sometimes  refuse  to  do.  They 
will  usually  take  any  of  the  phospho- 
rus i>rei>aratioiis  just  as  they  come 
from  the  can  or  bottle,  but  while  it 
seems  to  reduce  their  numbers,  it  does 
not  appear  to  destroy  the  colony  en- 
tirely. The  oidy  sure  way  is  to  line 
them  to  their  nests  at  night  by  the 
light  of  a  good  lantern  or  bicycle  lamp 
and  then  kill  them  by  burning,  or  the 
use  of  bi-sulphide  of  carbon. 


30 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEl'ER 


February 


Tbeir  manner  of  attack  upon  the 
bees  is  peculiar  and  most  effective. 
They  first  capture  tlie  guards  and  then, 
entering  the  hive,  bite  a  wing  from  any 
bee  that  opposes  them.  The  bees  so 
maimed  seem  to  i-eaUze  at  once  that 
their  days  are  numbered  and  crawl 
from  the  hive  to  die. 

A  friend  has  just  reported  to  me 
having  Avitnessed  the  mating  of  num- 
bers of  queen  ants  and  drones,  which 
while  resembling  in  some  respects  the 
connection  of  queen  bees  and  drones, 
differs  very  materially  in  others.  Al- 
though the  drone  ant  survives  several 
■meetings  with  queens,  his  end  is  only 
for  a  little  time  delayed  for  he  is  not 
allowed  to  return  to  the  nest,  the  work- 
ers driving  him  away  whenever  he  at- 
tempts to  enter. 

Holly  Hill,  Fla.,  Aug.  5th,  1903. 


SHALLOW^  OR   DEEP  FRAMES. 


W. 


The  Man  and  Management,  Nat  the  Depth  of  Frame 
Alone,  Responsible  for  Results. 

By  Arthur  C.  Miller. 

W.  IMcNEAL  seems  to  be  of 
the  stuff  from  which  eiythusi- 
asts  are  made,  and  a^such 
he  is  a  welcome  member  of  the  guild 
of  beecrofters.  His  zeal  in  the  advoca- 
cy of  deep  combs  has  led  him  into 
troubled  waters.  For  evidence  in  su])- 
port  of  his  belief  in  such  frames  he  has 
accepted  without  questioning  several 
fallacies.    Let  us  consider  them. 

But  first  I  Avould  call  attention  to 
possible  differences  in  climate  between 
Wheelersburg,  Ohio,  and  Providence, 
R.  I.  Wheelersburg  is  over  two  de- 
grees further  south  than  Providence, 
and  the  climate,  as  I  chance  to  know, 
less  .severe  than  here,  so  what  will  suf- 
fice the  bees  here  should  cerl:ainly  do  so 
there. 

Mr.  McNeal  says  "the  little  shallow 
combs  do  not  afford  that  protection 
to  the  colony  so  essential  to  good  win- 
tering and  early  breeding."  To  which 
I  would  say:  It  depends  on  the  man 
who  handles  them.  Under  right  condi- 
tions l)ees  will  winter  in  anything 
which  will  keep  rain  and  snow  off  of 
them.  I  have  wintered  colonies  in  un- 
protected, sii:gl(»-walled  liives  only  4" 
3-4  inches  deep;  and  I  constantly  win- 
ter most  of  my  bees  in  two  chambers 
of  5  1-2  inches  depth  each.  He  says: 
"The  shallow  frames  are  designed  ex- 


pressly to  over-come  the  protective 
habits  of  the  bees  in  the  storage  of 
honey."  Certainly,  to  overcome  that 
habit  diu'ing  the  honey  flow  for  man's 
especial  benefit.  And  where  he  has 
interfered  for  his  own  advantage  and 
deprived  the  bees  of  superior  stores  of 
higli  commercial  value,  he  must  in  his 
own  interest  use  his  intelligence  in 
supplying  the  bees  with  some  less  val- 
uable food  or  permit  them  to  retain 
for  their  own  use  less  desirable  (to 
him)  honey  gathered  at  some  other 
time. 

If  we  use  the  divisible  brood  cham- 
ber hl\'e  we  must  do  so  intelligently. 
So  used  it  becomes  a  valuable  ally; 
abused,  it  is  a  two-edged  sword. 

Mr.  ]McNc;!l  bases  his  argument  for 
deep  frames  on  the  assertion  that  "the 
depth  of  a  wholly  natural  comb  ex- 
ceeds its  width."  It  all  depends  on  the 
shape  of  the  domicile  Nature  has  sup- 
plied. I  have  seen  a  single  comb  a 
yard  wide,  and  three  to  four  inches 
dee]).  .lust  one  comb  stretched  out 
in  a  long  narrow  cavity.  Nature  must 
have  played  a  scurvy  trick  on  those 
l)ees. 

"Bees  build  downwai'ds  far  more 
readily  than  sidewise,  etc.''  On  the 
contrary  bees  build  sidewise  twice  as 
fast  as  downwards  and  under  some 
conditions  increase  that  ratio.  True,  a 
small,  spherical  cluster  of  bees  will 
start  one  comb  and  build  downwards 
twice  as  fast  as  they  build  sidewise, 
but  multiply  that  cluster  by  foiu*  and 
string  them  along  the  top  bar  of  a 
frame,  and  we  at  once  have  four  combs 
building.  When  each  coml>  has  gone 
(h)wn  two  inches,  each  will  have  gone 
sidewise  one  inch,  and  the  aggregate 
sidewise  gi'owth  is  four  inches,  which 
is  twice  the  downward  growth.  The- 
ory? Not  a  bit  of  it.  Go  to  the  bees 
and  study  the  ways  of  various  sized 
clusters  in  variously  shaped  domiciles. 
Bees  clustered  in  L  frames  start  from 
two  to  five  combs  and  the.v  meet  and 
extended  along  the  whole  17  inches  of 
the  to))  bar  before  they  are  within  an 
inch  of  the  bottom  bar  at  any  point. 
This  is  two  inches  of  lateral  growth 
to  one  of  vertii'al  I'or  one  frame,  but 
the  work  is  progressing  simultaneous- 
ly in  ten  frames  and  we  have  an  ag- 
gregate lateral  growth  of  170  inches  to 
S  inches  vertical,  a  ratio  of  21  to  1.  If 
Mr.  McNeal  is  going  to  depend  on  the 
bees  for  his  evidence  I  fear  he  will 


1904 


THE   AMERICAN   BEE-KEEPER 


31 


have  to  revise  his  theories  or  lose  his 
case.  If  he  cares  to  try  he  can  so 
build  that  whole  170  lateral  inches  of 
comb  in  a  straight  line  and  no  matter 
what  the  vertical  room  the  downAvard 
ration  will  remain  about  as  above. 

I  think  it  will  be  seen  that  "shallow 
chambered"  hives  are  quite  as  well 
adapted  to  the  bees'  natural  desires  as 
are  "deep  chambered." 

Mr.  McNeal  says  "the  advocates  of 
shallow  chambers  are  very  reticent 
about  extreme  pi'ecautionary  measures 
necessary  against  the  inroads  of  frost 
and  ice."  Again  the  personal  element 
enters.  If  he  will  treat  colonies  in  his 
deep  hives  the  same  as  they  are  often 
treated  in  the  shallow  ones,  just  as 
poor  results  in  wintering  will  be  se- 
cured. When  we  have  run  a  colony 
under  high  pressure  for  several  mouths 
it  is  unreasonable  to  expect  it  to  be 
as  good  as  one  which  has  jogged  along. 
If,  by  our  manipulations,  the  queen 
has  found  lots  of  room  for  eggs  and  the 
nurses  have  done  their  part  in  supply- 
ing stimulating  food,  she  is  ere  many 
weeks  ready  to  slack  up  work.  Tnen 
we  get  a  declining  colony  and  by  the 
time  fall  arrives  it  is  comparatively 
small  in  numbers  and  its  population  is 
mostly  old  bees.  Now  if  a  good  fall 
flow  sets  in  early  the  colony  will  re- 
cuperate before  cold  Aveather  and  go 
into  winter  quarters  with  a  goodly  lot 
of  strong  young  bees  and  an  abundance 
of  sound,  well-placed  stores.  But  their 
keeper  is  aA'aricious  and  must  have 
that  honey,  so  during  the  fall  flow 
"high  pressure''  is  again  brought  to 
bear  with  the  result  that  when  cool 
weather  arrives,  the  colony  is  not  in 
the  best  of  physical  shape  and  is  vir- 
tually out  of  food.  Again  their  discern- 
ing master  steps  in  and  gives  them  a 
lot  of  raw  food  (sugar  syrup)  to  be 
converted  and  stored.  The  labor  in- 
volved costs  valuable  bee  life  and  en- 
ergy, at  a  time  when  they  can  ill  spare 
it  and  also  at  a  time  when  the  work  is 
doubly  difficult  from  lack  of  external 
heat. 

What  is  the  result?  The  bees  go  into 
winter  quarters  half  worn  out,  with 
Imperfect  food  imperfectly  placed,  and 
if  they  come  out  in  the  spring"  at  all, 
it  is  in  poor  condition.  And  the  hive 
is  to  blame! 

Yes,  a  deep  framed  hive  does  help 
protect   the   bees   from   an   avaricious 


master.     But  wouldn't  it  be  better  to 
hasten  his  exit  from  the  craft? 

Mr.  McNeal  seems  to  think  big  col- 
onies cannot  be  brought  through  the 
winter  in  shallow  chambered  hives. 
Also  that  bees  in  such  hives  need  dif- 
ferent protection  than  those  in  deep 
hives.  Perhaps  he  can  explain  why 
I  have  no  trouble  in  wintering  bees 
either  with  or  without  protection 
(Chaff  packing)  with  no  upward  ven- 
tilation and  in  very  shallow  or  deep 
hives.  Perhaps  he  can  explain  why 
bees  will  winter  well  in  a  box  a  foot 
cube  without  a  bottom,  set  on  two 
blocks  and  with  the  cluster  hanging 
in  sight  below  the  combs  and  within 
an  inch  of  the  snow  and  the  tempera- 
ture frisking  but  little  above  zero.  The 
only  ventilation  that  cofcny  had  was  at 
the  bottom  and  there  seemed  enough 
there  certainly.  The  only  protection 
it  had  was  the  half-inch  pine  box. 

I  will  save  him  the  trouble  of  guess- 
ing. 

Given  a  good  queen,  an  abundance  of 
healthy,  vigorous  bees,  plenty  of  stores 
given  early  enough  so  the  bees  can 
readily  "ripen"  them  and  store  them 
where  their  instincts  dictate,  and  such 
a  colony  will  winter  in  any  old  recep- 
tacle which  will  keep  snow  and  rain 
off  of  them  and  come  out  in  the  spring 
in  the  best  condition. 

A  hive  is  big  or  small  not  entirely 
by  its  cubical  dimensions  but  also  by 
the  race  or  strain  of  bees  housed  with- 
in it.  That  which  is  too  big  to  be 
profitable  with  one  strain  may  be  alto- 
gether too  small  with  another.  Its 
shape,  however,  is  a  matter  merely  of 
man's  convenience. 

There  are  good  and  bad  shallow- 
chambered  hives  and  when  not  proper- 
ly constructed  (as  to  bee-spaces,  thick- 
ness of  top  and  bottom  bars,  etc.,), 
they  undoubtedly  will  make  trouble. 
But  the  principle  should  not  be  sweep- 
ingly  condemned  on  account  of  illy 
made  hives. 

For  Mr.  McNeal's  comfort  let  me 
say  that  there  are  conditions  under 
which  just  as  good  results  can  be  ob- 
tained with  deep-chambered  hives — 
perhaps  better,  from  some  points  of 
view.  The  only  way  to  determine 
which  hive  is  best  in  one's  locality  is 
to  test  both  types  side  by  side,  giving 
both  equally  intelligent  care. 

When  in  doubt  go  to  the  bee  and 
learn  of  her.    Providence,  R.  I.,  Jan.  7. 


32 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


February 


THE  VALUE  OF  APICULTURE  IN 
AMERICA. 

By  "Swarthmore." 

ALTHOUGH  there  are  thousands 
of  doUars  invested  in  bees  in 
this  country,  and  even  though 
hundreds  of  tons  of  honey  are  pro- 
duced each  yeai",  the  industry  of  api- 
culture is  yet  in  its  infancy. 

It  is  only  recently  that  any  serious 
thought  has  been  given  to  organization 
with  a  view  to  systematic  and  agres- 
sive  marketing  at  a  profit. 

Even  by  the  crude  methods  employed 
by  producers  in  past  years  apiculture 
has  paid  large  returns  from  the  capital 
invested^what  wonders  can  be  ex- 
pected from  o'i'ganized  force  has  been 
proven  time  and  time  again.  Take 
for  instance  the  fruit  product  of  Cali- 
fornia. There  was  a  time  when  quite 
al.l  the  luscious  fruit  of  the  Paciiic 
slope  were  left  to  rot  on  the  ground 
for  the  simple  reason  that  organized 
effort  had  not  been  directed  to  thor- 
ough distribution  of  the  product  in 
marketable  form. 

The  fruit  growers  of  California  or- 
ganized and  there  is  now  hardly  a  city, 
town  or  hamlet  in  the  United  States 
where  the  fruits  of  the  Pacific  slope 
cannot  be  purchased  at  a  reasonable, 
pro/fitable  figure— all  due  to  thorough 
organization  and  consequent  adequate 
marketing  facilities  together  with  care- 
ful packing  and  selected  grades.  The 
fruit  industry  under  the  management 
of  consolidated  interests  has  redeemed 
the  State  of  California. 

Honey  is  largely  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  many  articles  of  food  be- 
cause of  its  wondrous  preserving  qual- 
ities; cakes,  for  instance,  will  never 
become  hard  or  dry  if  honey  enters 
into  the  mixture;  beer  is  more  quickly 
fermented  and  tobacco  is  better  packed 
in  plugs  when  honey  is  used. 

Aside  from  that  used  in  packing 
food  products  and  in  the  preserving  of 
fruits  and  confections,  there  are  food 
qualities  in  honey  pure  and  simple 
which  have  l)oen  acknowledged  the 
world  over  for  centuries. 

What  seems  to  be  most  lacking  in 
the  handling  of  honey  is  its  proper 
placing  before  the  consumer  in  neat, 
inexpensive  jiackages  and  the  pushing 
of  sales  through  judicious  advertising. 
If  such  a  sweet  as  corn  syrup  can  be 


proifitably  moved  in  this  manner  sure- 
ly honey  has  a  most  brilliant  future. 
Swarthmore,  Pa. 


Ohio's  New  Foul  Brood   BilL 

The  young  bee-keepers'  association 
recently  organized  in  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio,  has  been  "stirring  up  the  ani- 
mals" in  the  Buckeye  State,  and  its 
latest  move  in  the  direction  of  improv- 
ing apicultural  conditions  in  Ohio  has 
been  the  drafting  of  a  foul  brood  bill, 
which  is  now  before  the  Ohio  legisla- 
ture. We  have  received  a  copy  of  the 
bill  from  Secretary  Gilliland,  and  have 
pleasure  in  presenting  the  full  text 
thereof,  as  follows: 

70th   General  Assembly,   Regular  Ses- 
sion. 

Mr.  Herrick. 
A  BILL. 
To  provide   for  county    inspectors   of 
apiaries  and     defining     their  duties 
and   providing   for    their    compensa- 
tion, for  the  purpose  of  curing  and 
avoiding     foul     brood,   or  other  dis- 
eases, among  bees  and  their  hives. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assem- 
bly of  the  State  of  Ohio: 

Section  1.  That,  whenever  a  petition 
is  presented  to  the  "board  of  county 
commissioners,  of  any  county  in  the 
State  of  Ohio,  signed  by  three  or  more 
persons,  all  of  whom  are  residents  of 
the  said  county,  and  possessor  of  an 
apiary  or  place  where  bees  are  kept, 
stating  that  certain  apiaries  within 
said  county,  are  infected  with  the  dis- 
ease known  as  foul  brood,  or  any  other 
disease,  which  is  injurious  to  bees 
or  their  larvae,  praying  that  an  inspec- 
tor be  appointed  by  said  board  of  coun- 
ty commissioners,  said  board  of  coun- 
ty commissioners,  shall  within  five 
days,  after  the  presentation  of  said 
petition,  appoint  a  person,  as  bee  in- 
spector, who  is  a  resident  of  said  coun- 
ty who  shall  be  a  skilled  bee-keeper, 
having  thorough  knowledge  of  foul 
brood  and  other  diseases  injurious  to 
bees  and  their  larvae  and  the  treat- 
ment of  same. 

Section  2.  The  person  so  appointed 
shall  within  five  days  after  his  appoint- 
ment file  with  the  said  board  his  writ- 
ten acceptance  of  the  office,  or,  in  de- 
fault thereof,  or  in  case  of  vacancy, 
the  board  shall  in  the  same  manner 
make  new  appointments  until  the  said 
office  is  filled.  The  inspector  shall 
hold  his  office  for  two  years  and  until 


1904 


THE   AMETiTCA'N  BEE-KEEPER 


33 


his  sncressor  if?  appointed  and  qnali- 
fied,  except  when  upon  petition  of  ten 
I)ersoiis,  (oacli  of  wliom  is  a  resident 
of  said  county  and  jtossessor  of  an 
ai>ijiry).  to  the  hoard  of  county  com- 
missioners of  said  county,  may  remove 
said  inspector  for  cause  after  a  hearing 
of  petitioners. 

Section  3.  Any  bee-ljeeper,  or  other 
person  who  shall  have  cause  to  believe 
that  any  apiary  in  his  county  is  affect- 
ed with  foul  brood  or  other  disease, 
either  in  his  own  apiary  or  elsewhere, 
shall  make  affidavit  statinjr.  that  on  in- 
formation or  belief,  he  believes  that 
certain  apiaries,  describing  the  loca- 
tion, naming  the  owner  or  keejier,  is 
affected  with  foul  brood  or  other  dis- 
ease, and  his  ground  for  such  belief. 
On  receiving  said  affidavit  from  any 
source  of  the  existence,  in  any  apiary 
in  his  county,  of  the  disease  known  as 
foul  brood,  or  any  other  infectious  or 
contagious  disease  of  bees,  the  r-mu'ty 
inspector  of  bees,  shall  forthwith  in- 
spect each  colony  of  bees  and  all  hives, 
implements  and  apparatus,  honey  and 
supplies  on  hand  or  used  in  connection 
"uith  such  apiary  and  distinctly  desig- 
nate each  colony  or  apiary  Avhich  is 
infected,  and  notify  the  owner,  or 
person  in  charge  of  said  bees  thereof, 
in  writing  or  otherwise,  and  the  own- 
ers of  said  bees,  or  the  persons  in 
charge  thereof  to  practically  and  in 
goo-d  faith  apply,  and  thereafter  fully 
and  effectually  carry  out,  to  and  iipon 
such  diseased  colonies,  such  treatment 
as  may  have  been  prescribed  by  the 
said  inspector  for  sucli  cases;  also 
thoroughly  disinfect  to  the  satisfaction 
of  the  inspector,  all  hives,  bee-houses, 
combs,  honey  and  apparatus  that  have 
been  used  in  connection  with  any  such 
diseased  colonies;  or,  at  his  election, 
the  said  owner  or  person  in  charge 
of  such  bees  may,  within  the  same 
time,  utterly  and  completely  destroy 
said  bees,  hives,  houses,  comb-horses, 
honey  and  apparatus,  by  first  killing 
the  bees,  (by  the  use  of  sulphur  fumes 
when  the  bees  are  in  the  hives  for  the 
night)  by  fire,  or  bury  the  same  in  the 
ground  with  a  covering  of  not  less  than 
two  feet  of  earth. 

Section  4.  The  county  inspector  of 
bees,  shall  have  the  right  to  enter  the 
premises  of  any  bee-keeper,  where  the 
bees  are  liept  and  inspect  such  bees, 
and  any  person  resisting  or  refusing 
to  allow  said  inspection,  by  said  bee 


inspector,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misde- 
meanor, and  may  be  then  and  there 
arrested  by  said  bee  inspector  or  per- 
son deputized  by  him,  afid  brought  be- 
fore a  .Justice  of  the  Peace  and  upon 
conviction,  shall  be  fined  not  less  than 
ten  dollars,  nor  more  thiin  twenty-five 
dollars. 

Section  .5.  After  inspecting,  working 
with,  or  handling  infected  hives,  or 
fixtures,  or  handling  di.seased  bees,  the 
inspector,  or  other  person  shall,  before 
leaving  the  premises  or  proceeding  to 
any  other  apiary,  thorouchly  disinfect 
his  own  person  and  clothing,  and  shall 
see  that  any  assistant  or  assistants 
with  him  have  also  thoroughly  disin- 
fepted  their  clothing  and  person. 

Section  (5.  The  inspector  shall  have 
full  power  in  his  discretion  to  order 
any  owner  or  possessor  of  bees,  dwell- 
ing in  box-hives  in  apiaries  where  the 
disease  exists  (being  mere  lioxes  with- 
out frames)  to  transfer  such  bees  to 
movable  frame  hives  within  a  specified 
time,  and  in  default  of  such  transfer, 
the  same  shall  become  unlawful  and 
the  inspector  may  destroy,  or  order  for 
destruction  of  such  box-hives  and  the 
bees  dwelling  therein  as  a  public  nui- 
sance. 

Section  7.  Should  any  owner  of,  or 
keeper  of,  or  other  person  having  dis- 
eased bees,  or  their  larvae,  or  of  any 
affected  hives  or  combs,  appliances  or 
utensils  for  bee-keeping,  sell  or  barter, 
or  give  away  the  same,  or  allow  the 
same  or  any  part  thereof  to  be  moved, 
such  person  shall  be  guilty  of  a  mis- 
demeanor and  upon  conviction,  such 
person  shall  be  fined  not  less  than  ten 
dollars,  nor  more  than  tw^enty-five  dol- 
lars. 

Section  8.  Should  any  person,  whose 
bees  have  been  destroyed  or  treated  for 
foul  brood,  sell,  or  offer  for  sale,  any 
bees,  hives  or  appurtenances  of  any 
kind,  after  such  destruction  or  treat- 
ment, and  before  being  authorized  by 
the  inspector  to  do  so,  or  should  he  ex- 
pose in  his  bee-yard  or  elsewhere,  any 
infected  comb,  or  other  infected  thing, 
or  conceal  the  fact  that  such  disease 
exists  among  his  bees,  such  person 
shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and 
upon  conviction  such  person  shall  be 
fined  not  less  than  ten  dollars,  nor 
more  than  twent.v-five  dollars. 

Section  9.  If  any  owner  or  keeper 
of  bees  knows  of,  or  after  being  noti- 
fied by  the  county  bee  inspector,  that 


34 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


February 


foul  brood  or  other  infectious  or  con- 
tagious disease  exists  in  any  of  the 
hives  in  the  apiaries  owned  or  in 
charge  of  said  persons,  and  shall  fail 
to  comply  within  ten  days  from  re- 
ceiving said  knoAvledge  and  the  date 
of  receiving  instructions  from  the 
county  inspector,  to  cure  or  destroy 
the  bees  or  hives,  or  their  appliances, 
such  person  shall  be  guilty  of  a  mis- 
demeanor, and  upon  conviction  thereof, 
such  person  shall  be  fined  not  less  than 
ten  dollars,  nor  more  than  twenty-five 
dollars. 

Section  10.  When  the  owner  or  pos- 
sessor of  bees,  shall  disobey  the  direc- 
tions of  said  bee  inspector,  in  curing  or 
destroying  any  diseased  bee,  honey, 
hives  or  appliances  shall  become  un- 
lawful and  a  public  nuisance,  and  the 
said  bee  inspector  shall  at  once  de- 
sti-oy  said  bees,  honey,  hives  or  appli- 
ances, and  may  deputize  such  addition- 
al persons  as  he  may  find  uecessaiy 
to  effect  said  destruction. 

Section  11.  The  county  inspector 
shall  make  a  monthly  report  in  writ- 
ing, under  oath,  to  the  board  of  county 
commissioners,  in  which  report  he 
shall  state  the  number  of  days  and 
number  of  hours  in  the  preceding 
month  spent  by  him  in  the  actual  dis- 
charge of  his  duties,  and  shall  in  said 
report  state  the  name  of  the  owner 
or  keeper,  and  the  location  of  the  api- 
ary upon  which  such  time  was  spent 
in  curing  or  destroying  said  bees,  to- 
gether with  an  itemized  account,  shoAV- 
ing  the  dates  and  amounts,  for  what 
incurred,  money  spent  for  any  dis- 
charge of  his  duties,  and  to  whom 
the  same  was  paid,  and  for  what  ser- 
vices and  considerations  such  indebt- 
edness was  incurred,  and  accompany 
said  report  with  the  aflfidavits  given 
him  under  and  in  pursuance  of  Section 
3  of  this  act,  and  make  full  and  com- 
plete report  of  all  he  did,  and  results 
of  his  treatment  of  any  apiary. 

Section  12.  After  the  county  inspec- 
tor of  bees  in  any  county  shall  make 
report,  as  provided  in  the  preceding 
section,  said  county  commissioners 
shall  allow  and  pay  to  said  county  in- 
spector of  bees  two  dollars  for  a  full 
day  and  one  dollar  for  each  half  day, 
necessarily  and  actually  employed  in 
the  discharge  of  his  duties  under  this 
act,  together  with  his  necessary  and 
actual  expenses  while  so  employed,  to 


be  audited,  allowed  and  paid  by  the 
county  officers. 

Section  13.  This  act  shall  take  effect 
and  be  in  force  from  and  after  its  pas- 
sage. 


^  *  »■ 


THE    DICKEL    THEORY. 


By  Henry  E.  Horn. 

ON  PAGE  272,  December  number 
American  Bee-Keeper,  Mr.  Adri- 
an Getaz  reports  Mr.Arnt  Belief, 
of  Spain,  as  insisting  that  the  Dickel 
theory  is  false,  on  the  ground  that,  if 
correct,  "laying  workers  and  virgin 
queens  should  produce  workers  like 
regular  queens."  Mr.  Getaz  adds,  initi- 
ating the  readers  into  Dickel's  claims, 
that  the  latter's  theory  po-stulates  that 
"all  eggs  laid  by  the  queen  are  the 
same,  and  that  the  difference  of  sex  is 
due  to  manipulation  (?)  of  the  work- 
ers." 

Mr.  Getaz"  statement  of  Dickel's  the- 
ory is  not  incorrect,  but  insufficient, 
and,  read  in  connection  with  Mr.  Bel- 
let's  objections,  misleading. 

Ferd  Dickel.  of  Darmstadt,  teaches 
that  all  eggs  laid  by  a  normal,  fertil- 
ized queen  are  fecundated  eggs,  that 
they  become  impregnated  by  the  male 
spermatozoa  at  the  moment  they  pass 
down  through  the  oviduct  into  the  cell 
— all  alike,  without  exception,  and  that 
the  difference  of  sex  in  the  later  on 
hatching  insect  is  due  to  the  actions 
of  the  nurse  bees;, be  it,  that  the  only 
just  attached  sperm-fibre  of  the  egg 
is  either  removed  altogether  or  neutral- 
ized by  some  particular  gland  secretion 
of  the  nurses,  or  be  it,  that  the  quality 
and  quantity  of  food  given  to  the  lar- 
vae in  earliest  stages  determines  the 
change.  Certain  it  is  that  sex-differen- 
tiation rests  with  them. 

In  contradiction,  Dr.  Dzierzon,  who, 
as  is  so  well  known,  holds  that  the 
queen  immediately  before  depositing 
the  egg  determines  at  will  whether  it 
shall  hatch  worker  or  drone.  F.  Dickel 
furnishes  the  following  proof-data  to 
the  bee-keeper:  During  the  ^summer 
supply  yourself  with  a  full  set  of 
■drone-comb.  In  the  early  fall  shake 
or  brush  your  selected  colony,  queen 
and  all,  into  this  drone-comb  hive,  af- 
terwards feed  up  for  winter,  any  way 
suitable.  In  the  spring  after  brood 
raising  has  well  started  (bees  will  read- 
ily raise  workers  in  these  drone-combs) 


1904 


THE   AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER 


35 


but  before  drones  are  raised  normally, 
remove  the  queen,  and  in  the  course 
of  time  this  colony  will  show  queen- 
cells,  worker-brood  and  ronnd-cai)ped 
drones. 

Someone  has  said  that  the  female 
is  Nature's  darling,  for  in  the  repro- 
tlnction  of  the  forms  of  animal  life 
abundance  and  richness  of  food  sup- 
plied in  earliest  stages  favors  the  pro- 
duction of  females,  while  the  contrary 
treatment  favors  the  production  of 
males  a  principle  with  which,  accord- 
ing to  Dickel.  the  as  yet  thickly-veiled 
life  within  the  bee  hive  is  in  entire 
accorvl. 

For  the  practical  1)ee-keeper  the  im- 
portance of  Dickers  theory  lies  per- 
haps mainly  in  the  fact  that  true  and 
absolute  in-breeding  becomes  an  easy 
possibility,  no  matter  by  what  ,stock 
one  may  be  surrounded,  or  how  large 
and  varied  one's  own  apiary  may  be. 
Other  things  being  equal  good  honey 
crops  depend  principally  on  good 
queens  and  pretty  nearly  every  bee- 
keeper would  be  able  to  double  his  crop 
if  all  his  queens  came  up  to  his  best. 

Riverside,  Cal.,  Dec.  18,  1903. 


The  National  Bee-Keepers'  Associ- 
ation. 

Chicago,  111.,  Dec.  31,  1903. 
To  W.  F.  Marks,  Chairman  Board  of 

Directors  N.  B.-K.  A.: 

We  the  committee  selected  to  count 
the  ballots  cast  at  the  annual  election 
for  General  ^Manager  and  three  Direc- 
tors of  the  National  Bee-Keepers'  As- 
sociation, also  on  Amendments  to  its 
Constitution,  have  duly  counted  the 
same,  and  report  as  follows: 

Total  number  of  A'otes  cast,  552; 
necessary  to  elect,  277. 

Result  of  the  Ballot. 

For  General  Manager. — N.  E. 
France,  518;  George  W.  York,  8;  Em- 
erson T.  Abbott,  5;  W.  L.  Coggshall, 
4;  Dr.  C.  C.  Miller,  2;  and  the  follow- 
ing 1  each:  C.  A.  Hatch,  O.  L. 
HershLser,  J.  F.  Mclntyre,  E.  S.  Love- 
sy.  Louis  Scholl  and  W.  Z.  Hutchinson. 

For  Directors.— R.  C.  Aikin.  444;  P. 
H.  Elwood,  404;  Wm.  McEvoy,  268;  E. 
R.Root,  195;  George  W.  York,"20;  Prof, 
A.  J.  Cook,  19;  Emerson  T.  Abbott,  19; 
W.  D.  Coggshall,  10;  G.  M.  Doolittle,  9; 
J.  F.  Mclntyre,  9;  Wm.  Rohrig,  9;  E. 
S.  Lovesy,  8;  H.  H.  Hyde,  7;  H.  C. 
Morehouse,  6;  Dr.  C.  C.  Miller,  G;  D. 
W.  Working,  5;  Frank  Benton,  4;  N, 


E.  France,  4;  M.  A.  Gill,  4;  C.  H.  W. 
Weber,  4;  Frank  Rauchfuss.  4;  C.  P. 
Dadant,  3;  L.  Stacholhausen,  3;  O.  L. 
Hershiser,  3;  W.  Z.  Hutchinson,  3;  M. 
H.  Mendleson,  3;  W.  O.  Victor,  3;  the 
following,  2  each:  .T.  J.  Cosby,  .T.  T. 
Calvert,  Fred  W.  Muth,  W.  F.  Marks, 
A.  C.  .Miller,  F.  Wilcox,  Chalon  Fowls, 

F.  E.  Brown.  J.  A.  Stone,  J.  T..  Strong, 
W.  S.  Ponder,  J.  T.  Moore,  W.  A.  Sel- 
ser.  .T.  E.  Crane,  ,.T.  B.  Rick:  and  the 
following  1  each:  John  Rick,  J.  H. 
Hunter,  Wm.  StoUey,  J.  W.  Johnson, 
W.  Z.  Hutchinson,  Ude  Toepiierwein, 
Arthur  Stanley,  Harry  McCombe,  C.  A. 
Hatch.  G.  W.  Brodbeck.  J.  P.  West.  H. 
W.  Coley.  Mrs.  H.  C.  Acklin.  Mrs.  N. 
L.  Stow.  W.  J.  Craig,  J.  S.  Bruce.  E. 
E.  Hasty,  C.  M.  ^Morris,  E.  C  Atkin,  J. 
M.  Hambaugh,  Huber  Root,  E.  B.  Tyr- 
rel,  N.  L.  Stevens,  W.  D.  Wright,  J.  A. 
Green,  F.  F.  Jansen,  J.  Q.  Smith.  Gus 
Dittmer,  J.  E.  Chambers,  J.  E.  Hether- 
ington,  H.  G.  Quirin,  K.  H.  Keeler.  I. 
J.  Stringham,  F.  Greiner,  J.  C.  Harris, 

N.  C.  Acklin,  Wm.  Russell,  Frank 
Moeser.  A.  B.  Mullen.  Chas.  W.  Yoight, 
John  Torens.  F.  O.  Hallisbury.  J.  M. 
Jenkins.  R.  B.  Herron.  H.  E.  Wilder.  S. 
C.  Ferguson,  W.  A.  Hlckox.  A.  A. 
French,  J.  F.  Flory,  Wm.  Couse,  M. 
V.  Facey,  M.  Hart,  J.  W.  Ferree,  Hen- 
ry Alley,  J.  C.  Corey,  J.  C.  Morrison, 
Geo.  E.  Hilton.  John  Myers,  Chas. 
Stewart,  C.  P.  Gillette,  Edwin  Bevins, 
N.  B.  West,  and  C.  H.  Pierce. 

For  amendments,  491;  against 
amendments,  10. 

(Signed)  George  W.  York. 

Secretary. 
C.  C.  Miller.   Dir. 

Whereas.  N.  E.  France,  having  re- 
ceived "a  majority  vote  of  the  mem- 
bers voting,''  for  General  INIanaTer,  is 
elected  General  INIanager  of  the  Nation- 
al Bee-Keepers'  Association. 

R.  C.  Aikin  and  P.  H.  Elwood.  hav- 
ing received  "a  ma.iority  vote  of  the 
members  voting,"  for  Directors,  are 
elected  Directors  to  succeed  them- 
selves. No  one  having  received  "a  ma- 
jority vote  of  the  members  voting."  for 
a  Director  to  succeed  E.  R.  Root,  B. 
R.  Root  will  hold  over  as  provided  in 
the  Constitution  under  which  this  elec- 
tion was  held. 

The   Amendments    to   the    Constitu- 
tion, having  received  "a  majoritv  vote 
of  the  members  voting,"  are  adopted. 
W.  F.  IMarks, 

Chm.  Bd.  of  Directors  N.  B.-K.  A. 


36 


THE   AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


February 


HARDSCRABBLE  LETTER. 


Dear  Brother  Hill:  I've  just  been  a- 
lookiii'  over  the  January  Bee-Keeper. 
Don't  look  nateral;  what's  happened? 
Hully  gee!  If  that  little  Miller  ever 
gets  after  McNeal  you'll  see  fireworks; 
why  Mac  is  just  a-tranipin'  all  over  his 
preserves.  Listen. — "How  beautifully 
perfect  and  the  combs  built  under  the 
guidance  of  a  home-loving  queen  in  the 
bloom  of  her  youth!"  Whoop!  John 
Hewitt  is  fixing  trouble  for  himself 
just  about  as  fast  as  the  law  will  al- 
low him.  Hear  this. — "I  see  a  lot  of 
silly  stuff  about  rearing  queens.  The 
so-called  Doolittle  system  of  making 
artificial  cells  and  putting  in  royal  food 
being  about  the  favorite.  All  that 
Doolittle  discovered  (?)  will  be  found 
in  Huber's  book  published  over  100 
years  ago."  Poor  Doolittle.  But  say 
it  is  kind  of  ruff  to  take  away  the  only 
thing  left  of  his  system  that  had  been 
allowed  as  his  own.  Moral:  Don't 
"bori-ow."  Hewitt  is  'bout  like  the 
rest  of  us;  his  baby  is  the  only  one 
wuth  a  farthing.  And  like  we-uns — 
or  like  some  of  us — he  speaks  loosely, 
calls  using  larvae  two  days  old,  rear- 
ing queens  from  the  egg.  Its  gol- 
durne  strange  how  blamed  hard  it  is 
to  say  things  exact  when  it  spoils  our 
story. 

"Beeswax"  D — D — Alley  soars  on 
lacy  wings  to  realms  of  fancy  on  the 
uses  of  the  sticky  yaller  gum  of  the 
festive  bee.  Huh!  Why  the  whole 
world's  output  wouldn't  go  quarter 
round  for  the  work  he's  laid  out  for  it. 
He's  got  another  guess  a-comin'.  But 
it  does  enter  into  the  arts  pretty  well, 
tho'  the  cheaper  mineral  waxes  have 
crowded  it  out  of  most  places. 

Bees  in  a  green  house  for  producin' 
colic,  which  is  to  say  cucumbers. 
Ruther  interesting  is  that  account  by 
Reeve.  If  'twant  for  the  cold  I'd  like 
to  go  see  some  of  them  greeneries,  but 
as  'tis  I'll  stay  where  I'm  comfortable. 

Bee  Humbug.  Who  said  a  bee  wasn't 
a  hum-l)ug?  Bully,  the  Irishman  has 
got  after  Miller.     St'boy!  Sic  him! 

"A  Milk  and  Honey  Farm"  by  Her- 
ring. What's  a  herrin'  got  to  do  with 
a  milk  farm  anyhow? 

Jameson  tells  a  nice  tale  about  how 
to  wire  brood  frames.  I  can  beat  him 
all  holler.     It's  DON'T. 

A  mysterious  Act.    Nothin'  mysteri- 


ous about  it;  the  bee  is  just  takin'  an 
afternoon  chaw  of  tobacco. 

"Large  Honey  Crops."  Greiner 
comes  to  Johnson's  rescue  in  swell 
shape.  Not  always  swift,  is  G,  but 
most  always  sure  and  sound. 

"Best  Honey  Gatherers."  No  best 
ones,  only  some  more  cussed  than 
others. 

"Artificial  Pollen."  I  wish  Harris 
would  tell  us  of  some  ere  way  to  keep 
it  out  of  the  hives,  leastways  what 
part  we  don't  want. 

"Johnson's  Say."  So  he  lacked  the 
coui'age  of  his  convictions,  did  he. 
Didn't  sound  so,  but  the  human  speecn 
do  be  a  queer  thing. 

I  like  that  picture  of  Old  Brash.  She 
had  her  suspicions  of  you  when  you 
snapped  that  camera. 

The  Round  World  and  Editorials 
seem  ruther  biled  down. 

Harry,  my  boy,  will  you  never  learn 
discretion?  A  department  for  new 
apiarian  inventions  forsooth.  Why 
b'gosh  man  ye'U  be  swamped  with 
stuff  from  every  scatter-brained  chap 
in  the  country;  yes,  and  out  of  it, 
too. 

A  nephew  of  mine  from  Colorado 
di'opped  in  on  me  a  few  days  ago  and 
as  we  talked  over  climates  I  was  re- 
minded of  what  Eugene  Fild  said  about 
that  of  Colorado. 

Yours  as  ever, 

John  Hardscrabble. 

"What  Eugene  Field  said  about  that 
of  Colorado,"  will  be  found  on  the  title 
page  of  this  number  of  the  Bee-Keeper. 
—Editor. 


Dartmoor  Honey. 


From  the  blossoms  of  the  furze  the 
bees  derive  their  aromatic  honey, 
which  makes  that  of  Dartmoor 
supreme.  Yet  bee-keeping  is  a  difficul- 
ty there,  owing  to  the  gales  that  sweep 
the  busy  insects  awa.v,  so  that  they 
fail  to  find  their  direction  home.  Only 
in  sheltered  combs  can  they  be  kept. 
The  much-relished  Swiss  honey  is  a 
manufactured  product  of  glycerine  and 
pearjuice,  but  Dartmoor  honey  is  the 
sul)h'mated  essence  of  ambrosial 
sweetness  in  taste  and  savor,  drawn 
from  no  other  source  than  the  chalices 
of  the  golden  furze,  and  compounded 
with  no  adventitious  matter. — S.  Bar- 
ing Gould. — A  Book  of  Dartmoor. 


y.^^^^^.^^.^^^^^^^^    ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦  ♦♦♦♦♦» 


THE 


Bee  =  Keeping  World 


•♦♦♦♦♦  »-M-^ 


GERMANY. 


The  reply  jjiven  in  Pvaxisdei*  Bzcht. 
as  to  how  best  to  treat  after-swarms 
strikes  me  quite  favorably.  It  says: 
It  is  advisable  to  give  them  full  combs; 
if  such  are  not  at  hand  give  frames 
completely  filled  with  foundation. 
Then  have  no  brood  to  take  care  of 
for  some  time  and  are  particularly  in 
good  shape  to  store  honey.  The  drawn 
combs  given  them  places  the  colony 
in  the  best  possible  shape  for  storing. 


The  same  paper  reports  of  an  un- 
capping machine  exhibited  at  a  bee- 
keepers" meeting  in  Alsass-Lovain. 
The  machine  was  operated  and  uncap- 
ped a  comb  in  a  minute  on  both  sides. 
The  inventor,  Ollinger,  was  urged  to 
Lave  his  invention  patented. 


Ruberoid  for  covering  bee-houses  and 
hives  is  recommended  in  111.  Deutsche 
B7tg.  The  claim  is  made  that  repair- 
ing is  not  necessary.  It  is  odorless 
and  weax's  well. 


Professor  Bachmetjew,  and  before 
him  Professor  Koschewnikow  have  as- 
certained that  there  is  a  slight  differ- 
ence in  drones  originating  from  a  nor- 
mal queen  and  such  as  originated  from 
unfertile  queen  and  workers.  The  dues- 
tion  is,  however,  not  fully  proven 
whether  or  not  drones  of  latter  origin 
are  virile. 


Editor  Reidenbach  (Thai/,.  Bztir.) 
prefers  to  take  the  renewal  of  queens 
into  his  own  hands.  He  prefers 
swarming  cells  from  his  most  produc- 
tive swarms.  He  allows  these  colo- 
nies to  swarm,  and  when  the  first 
after-swarm  issues  he  ciits  out  all  cells, 
cages  them  and  the  emerged  queen 
in  separate  cages.  With  the  bees  of 
the  after-swarm  and  those  of  the 
prime  swarm  he  stocks  up  as  many 
nucleus  hives   as  he   has  queens  and 


cells,  giving  each  a  brood-comb  and 
queen  or  cell;  the  hives  are  placed  as 
far  from  each  other  as  convenient,  and 
the  entrances  are  close  with  grass. 
At  night  of  the  same  day  or  next 
morning  early  he  opens  these  up.  To 
prevent  iidireeding  he  thinks  it  of  ad- 
vantage to  take  these  nuclei  to  out- 
yards.  In  a  discussion  of  the  bee- 
keepers at  Kleinbockenheim  conven- 
tion, it  was  pointed  out  that  when  con- 
stantly breeding  in  the  above  manner  a 
swarming  race  of  bees  might  result, 
and  it  was  the  general  opinion  that  by 
using  post-constructed  cells  over  very 
young  larva  a  better  non-swarming 
race  might  be  produced.  However,  it 
was  conceded  that  greater  care  should 
be  exercised   in  thus   rearing  queens. 


As  coming  from  Germany,  very  sin- 
gular advice  is  given  in  Imkerschule, 
by  Weggandt.,  as  follows:  In  hnndling 
bees  I  want  to  caution  the  bee-keepers 
as  to  the  use  of  the  tobacco  pipe  or 
cigar.  G.  M.  Doolittle,  the  celebrated 
American  bee-keeper,  calculates  that 
frequent  use  of  tobacco  among  the 
bees  costs  the  bee-keeper  about  25  per 
cent,  of  his  honey. 


It  is  reported  by  two  German  bee- 
keepers, one  an  editor  of  a  bee-journal, 
that  they  have  observed  drones  work- 
ing on  Phacelia  and  other  blossoms. 
One  drone  was  caught  in  the  act  and 
showed  pollen  packed  on  the  legs.  I 
omit  the  names  of  the  observers  to 
deliver  them  from  an  undue  amount  of 
correspondence  of  prosjiective  purchas- 
ers of  new  strains  of  bees. 


It  is  estimated  in  Centralblatt  that 
there  are  3.000  colonies  of  wild  bees 
occupying  trees,  cavities,  etc.,  in  North 
America.  The  reporter,  continuing, 
sa.vs  that  it  is  still  one  of  the  privileges 
and  pleasures  of  farmers  in  America 
to  hunt  these  bees  and  appropriate  the 
honey  they  have  stored.  (The  latter  is 


38 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


February 


correct;  about  the  correctness  of  the 
former  I  entertain  .some  doubts,  i.  e., 
I  think  the  number  of  wild  bees  is 
much  greater). 

The  Dickel  theory  ought  by  this  time 
to  be  dead  for  good.  A  few  months 
ago  Professor  Fleischmann,  after  some 
extensive  investigations,  declared  it 
false.  Lately  Professor  Weissmann 
and  his  helpers  after  Studying  the  mat- 
ter during  the  last  three  years,  have 
arrived  at  the  same  conclusion. 

Some  vears  ago  Professor  Joseph 
Langer  undertook  a  thorough  study  of 
the  venom  of  the  bee.  Up  to  that 
time  it  was  generally  thought  that  the 
formic  acid  contained  in  it,  though  a 
number  of  able  men  did  think  that  it 
must  be  an  alkaloid,  but  nothing  had 
been  proven.  Dr.  Langer  in  the  four 
years  during  which  he  experimented 
used  about  120,000  bees  to  obtain  the 
venom  desired.  The  experiments  were 
made  on  men  and  beasts,  chiefly  rab- 
bits. Sometimes  with  the  bee-stings, 
sometimes  by  introducing  the  venom 
under  the  skin  with  a  syringe.  The 
formic  acid  has  a  slight  eft'eet,  as  was 
proven  by  using  it  directly  instead  of 
venom.  A  poisonous  substance,  of  the 
class  called  by  chemists,  alcaloids,  is 
really  the  active  principle  of  the  bee- 
venom. 

Other  scientists  have  lately  added  to 
Dr.  Langer's  researches.  The  bee-ven- 
om does  not  proceed  out  of  a  single 
gland,  but  from  several,  so  minute  that 
they  are  almost  impossible  to  separate. 
The  one  producing  the  alcaloid  is  ex- 
tremely small  and  had  so  far  escaped 
observation. 

Among  the  164  bee-keepers  exam- 
ined, 11  were  not  hurt  much  when 
stung,  12G  became  used  to  the  stings, 
that  is,  became  immune,  and  21  did  not 
become  immune.  Among  the  HH,  2S 
were  at  the  beginning,  exceedingly 
sensible  and  subject  to  seriois  sickness 
when  badly  stung. 

As  to  the  remedies,  the  only  really 
useful  are  the  permanganate  of  potash 
and  chloroform.  They  should  be  intro- 
duced under  the  skin  at  the  point 
stung,  with  hypodermic  syringe,  other- 
wise they  have  but  little  effect. 

It  is  also  stated  that  the  venom  of 
snakes,  wasps,  scorpions,  etc.,  Is  of  the 
same  nature,  so  far  as  the  alcaloid  or 
active  principle  is  concerned. 


Aside  from  the  pain  and  swelling» 
the  effect— we  might  say  the  deadly 
effect — is  on  the  nervous  system,  and, 
in  cases  of  snake  bite  or  excessive  bee 
stinging,  the  nervous  action  ceases  and 
the  heart  fails  altogether.  In  spite 
of  all  that  temperance  writers  may 
have  said  to  tiie  contrary,  alcohol  is 
the  remedy  indicated,  as  it  stimulates 
the  nervous  system  and  enables  it  to 
counteract  the  effects  of  the  alcaloid 
poison. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know 
whether  one  immune  to  bee  stings 
would  be  also  immune  to  snake  bites, 
but  nobody  seems  to  have  experi- 
mented in  that  direction,  undoubtedly 
for  very  good  reasons. 


SWITZERLAND. 

M.  Fenoillet  is  of  the  opinion  that 
honey  ripens  in  the  hive  within  five 
or  six  days  days. — B.  Vater. 


A  year  ago,  or  about,  the  bee-keep- 
ing world  was  almost  startled  by  the 
supposed  discovery  of  Dr.  Lambotte 
that  the  much  dreaded  foul  brood  is 
nothing  more  or  less  than  a  form  of 
putrefaction  frequently  met  in  Nature, 
especially  in  decayed  milk  or  cream, 
wet  bread  and  potatoes.  In  a  word 
that  foul  brood  was  produced  by  the 
well-known  bacillus  mesentericus. 

Recently  two  articles  have  appeared 
in  the  Revue  Internationale  showing 
that  Dr.  Lambotte  was  mistaken,  and 
that  the  bacillus  mesentericus  produc- 
ing putrefaction  and  the  bacillus  alvei 
which  produces  foul  brood  are  two  dis- 
tinct beings,  though  so  near  alike  in 
every  respect  that  they  cannot  be  dis- 
tinquished  except  by  exceptionally  del- 
icate means  of  investigation. 

One  of  these  articles  is  by  Professor 
F.  C.  Harrison,  of  Guelph,  (Ontario), 
and  the  other  by  Mr.  Th.  W.  Cowan, 
the  editor  of  the  British  Bee  Journal. 
Both  are  well  known  and  undoubtedly 
competent  to  handle  the  question. 
Their  articles  are  too  long  to  take  place 
here.  Those  of  the  readers  of  this  pa- 
per who  Avould  like  to  know  more 
about  Dr.  Lambotte's  ideas  will  find 
them  explained  in  the  January,  190S 
number  of  this  paper. 


ITALY. 

Mention  is  made  in  L'Apicoltore  of 

two  wasp  nests  found  Infected  with 

foul   brood.       If     wasps,  bumblebees, 

wild  bees  of  all  sorts  and  perhaps  other 


1904 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


39 


insects  are  liable  to  take  the  disease, 

we  may  understand  why  it  is  so  diflli- 
cult  to  get  rid  of  it  in  certain  localities. 
Mr.  Baucbenfels,  the  editor  of  L'- 
Apicoltore,  does-  not  think  that  bees 
can  carry  their  eggs.  He  says  if  it 
were  so,  when  they  are  queenless,  they 
would  build  queen  cells  and  transfer 
some  eggs  to  them  rather  than  build 
around  the  egg,  tearing  down  the  ad- 
jacent cells.  The  same  says  that  dur- 
ing the  spring  of  the  year,  it  is  the 
brood  that  gives  off  most  of  the  vapor 
expelled.  When  using  hives  with  a 
glass  window,  the  amount  of  water 
condensed  upon  the  glass  is  almost  in 
proportion  to  the  amount  of  brood 
raised. 


1900,  viz.,  93  1-2  pounds  per  hive.  (Aver- 
age summer  count.)  I  still  hope  to 
do  better,  as  I  have  started  an  out- 
apiary,  (see  photo),  in  which  I  am 
using  the  Bolton  hive.  This  hive  Las 
a  devisible  brood  chamber,  and  the 
bodies,  which  are  the  same  size  as 
your  "Ideal  super,"  permit  of  inver- 
sion. Unlike  the  Heddon  hive  it  is 
fitted  with  hanging  frames. 

I  should  like  to  know  something 
about  Mr.  H.  J.  Shrock's  hive  protec- 
tor mentioned  in  the  September  num- 
ber of  The  American  Bee-Keeper  (page 
215),  but  not  described  there,  if  it  will 
not  inconvenience  you. 

Yours  sincerely, 

N.  E.  Loane. 


^^me^ftt^-n 


^e*"^ 


MR.    LOANE'S   APIARY  IN  TASMANIA. 


TASMANIA. 

Kindred,  Tasmania,  Nov.  17,  1903. 

Editor  American  Bee- Keeper:  It  was 
with  great  pleasure  that  I  read  your 
well-informed  paper  for  September. 
The  bee-keeping  industry  is  not  carried 
on  extensively  in  our  little  island  state, 
though  it  can,  I  feel  sure,  be  made  to 
pay  well.  Now  that  we  are  in  the 
commonwealth,  we  have  to  compete 
with  the  continental  states,  where  big 
yields  of  honey  are  often  recorded. 
One  bee-keeper  in  Victoria  last  season 
cleared  $4,400.00  from  200  colonies;  but 
that  is  unusual.  We  have  no  droughts 
to  contend  with  here,  and  have  mild 
winters.  I  have  kept  bees  for  nine 
years,  and  the  best  yield  I  had  was  in 


AUSTRALIA. 

Harrison  says  that  one  warm  night 
will  accomplish  the  ripening  of  nectar. 
(The  experience  of  the  writer  of  this 
is,  that  honey  is  not  usually  ripe  till 
sealed.  Such  honey  extracted  when 
sealed  will  keep  years  without  mate- 
rially deteriorating,  while  honey  ex- 
tracted when  unsealed  will  quite  com- 
monly turn  sour  in  course  of  time.  We 
have  just  opened  several  cans  of  two 
and  three  years  ago,  which  was  fully 
sealed  when  extracted,  and  it  is  fine.) 


ENGLAND. 
BienenVater  tells  of  a  bee-keeper  In 
England  who   fed   his   bees  on   sugar 
which    contained  sufficient    poison   to 


40 


THE   AMERTCAN   liEE-KKEPER 


February 


kill  many  of  the  young  bees.  The  su- 
gar was  said  to  be  imported  from  Ger- 
many. 

F.   Greiner. 


BELGIUM. 
In  July,  1901,  a  correspondent  found 
in  one  of  his  colonies  two  nueeiis. 
daughter  and  mother.  lie  left  both. 
The  old  one  was  almost  hairless,  with 
the  abdomen  very  small.  He  often 
examined  them  and  found  them  al- 
ways together.  Only  the  young  one 
was  laying.  The  first  of  August,  1902. 
over  a  year  later,  he  found  them  for 
the  first  time  separated,  the  old  one 
too  weak  to  follow  the  other.  She  died 
shortly  after.  (Le  Rucher  Beige.) 


The  Rucher  Beige  has  an  article  (by 
M.  Leger)  concerning  winter  feediJig, 
in  which  the  use  of  honey  is  strongly 
advocated.  But  if  honey  cannot  be 
had,  sugar  must  be  used.  He  advo- 
cates boiling  the  sugar  until  it  becomes 
syrup  and  add  tartaric  acid.  The  boil- 
ing and  the  addition  of  tartaric  acid 
have  the  effect  of  inverting  (chemical- 
ly) the  sugar,  making  it  thus  similar 
to  the  honey  itself  and  more  easily  di- 
gested by  the  bees.  He  disapproves 
of  using  vinegar  instead  of  tartaric 
acid.  Often  the  vinegar  is  adulterated. 
If  pure  it  has  little  inverting  power. 
Several  other  writers  advise  adding  a 
little  salt  to  the  syrup. 

Adrian  Getaz. 


Worcester,  Mass.,  Jan.  11,  1904. 
Mr.  Editor:  I  presume  you  have 
looked  many  times  among  obituary  no- 
tices for  the  death  of  the  Worcester 
County  Bee-Keepers'  Associiition. 
This  society  was  born  April,  1900.  It 
was  not  a  very  strong  child  and  dur- 
ing that  year  it  did  not  accomplish 
very  much.  In  1901  it  gained  a  little, 
but  in  1902  a  decline  set  in  which  al- 
most finished  the  weakling.  In  1903 
its  strength  M^as  renewed,  and  when 
the  year  closed  we  found  we  had  had 
a  full  year.  No  meeting  was  missed, 
and  to  close  up  the  year  we  had  as 


speaker  Arthur  C.  Miller,  of  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.  Many  hnve  lieconie  ac- 
quainted with  Mr.  :Miller  through  the 
pages  of  The  American  Bee-Keeper, 
but  to  hear  him  speak  is  a  much  richer 
treat.  That  Mr.  Miller  is  thoroughly 
posted  uiion  all  mntters  pertaining  to 
bees  was  shown  by  the  answer  he  gave 
to  the  many  questions  that  were  hurled 
at  him   from  all  sides. 

We  had  a  very  large  attendance,  and 
it  wns  "the  voice  of  the  multitude" 
we  have  ]\Ir.   Miller  again. 

Our  Worcester  County  Association 
now  has  a  membership  of  59.  We  are 
endeavoring  to  work  up  a  list  of  bee- 
keepers of  the  county,  and  when  this 
is  completed  we  hope  it  will  hnve  a 
tendency  to  increase  our  membership. 
We  had  only  one  outing  during  1903, 
but  that  Wiis  so  enjoyable  it  will  not 
be  soon  forgotten. 

Yours  truly, 

C.  R.  Russell. 


Blnck  River.  N.  Y.,  .Tan.  8,  1904. 

Mr.  Editor:  We  hnve  formed  a  Jef- 
ferson County  Bee-Keepers'  Society 
with  the  following  officers: 

President,  M.  C.  Harrington,  Water- 
tOM-n. 

1st  Vice-President,  A.  A.  French, 
Black  River. 

2nd  Vice-President,  Pearl  Symonds. 
Rodman. 

Secretary,  Geo.  B.  Howe,  Black 
River. 

Trensurer.  D.  R.  Hardy  Watertown. 

All  bee-keepers  are  invited  to  join. 
Dues  ."fl.OO  T)er  annum. 

Very  truly  yours, 

Geo.   B.   Howe,   Sec. 


South  Wales,  N.  Y.  Dec.  11,  1903. 
Editor  Bee-Keeper:  My  report  for 
Inst  season,  with  (iO  colonies,  is  as  fol- 
lows: 4.0S0  pounds  white,  and  710 
pounds  dnrk.  extracted  honey  and  in- 
creased to  98.  I  distribute  every  copy 
of  the  Bee-Keeper  that  comes  to  me, 
among  bee-keeping  acquaintances. 
Respectfully  yours. 

J.  W.  Tefft. 


I  greatly  enjoy  The  American  Bee- 
Keeper,  and  think  it  the  equal,  if  not 
superior  to  the  high-priced  journals.  I 
for  one,  cannot  afford  to  be  without  it 
— L.  B.  Smith. 


1904 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


41 


At  this  writing,  January  19,  an  abun- 
dance of  pollen  and  some  honey  are 
coming  in,  in  the  South  Florida  apiary, 
bearing  evidence  of  the  approach  of 
another  honey  season,  which  always 
carries  to  the  apiarist  a  fresh  supply  of 
enthusiasm  and  good  resolutions. 


PUBLISHED   MONTHLY 
THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MANFG.  Co., 

PROPRIETORS. 
H.    E.    HILL,  -  EDITOR, 

FORT  FIERCE,  FLA- 


Terms. 

Fifty  cents  a  year  in  advance;  2  copies  85 
cents;  3  copies  $1.20;  all  to  be  sent  to  one 
postoiTice. 

Postage  prepaid  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada;  10  cents  extra  to  all  countries  in  the 
postal  union,  and  20  cents  extra  to  all  other 
countries. 

Advertising:  Bates. 

i'ifteen  cents  per  line,  9  words;  $2.00  per 
inch.  Five  per  cent,  discount  for  two  iser- 
tions;  seven  per  cent,  for  three  insertions; 
twenty   per   cent,    for   twelve   insertions. 

Advertisements  must  be  received  on  or  be- 
fore the  loth  of  each  month  to  insure  inser- 
tion  the   month   following. 

Matters  relating  to  business  may  be  ad- 
dressed to 

THE  AMERICAN   BEE-KEEPER, 
Fort   I'ierce,   Fla.,   or  Jamestown,   N.   Y. 

Articles  for  publication  or  letters  exclusively 
for  the  editorial  department  should  be  ad- 
dressed to  the  Florida  office. 

Subscribers  receiving  their  paper  in  blue 
wrapper  will  know  that  their  subscription  ex- 
pires with  this  number.  We  hope  that  you 
will   not   delay   favoring   us   with   a   renewal. 

A  red  wrapper  on  your  paper  indicates  that 
you  owe  for  your  subscription.  Please  give 
the  matter  your  early  attention. 


We  are  entering  upon  the  last  month 
of  winter,  and  soon  the  flowers  of 
spring  will  usher  in  tlie  reason  of  1904. 
In  many  instances  success  will  depend 
upon  the  scope  and  thoroughness  of  our 
plans  now  formulated.  It's  a  good 
time  to  think,  and  think  seriously. 
♦-•-♦ 

Cuba  is  ^aid  to  have,  this  year,  the 
first  failure  of  the  honey  crop  within 
the  history  of  bee  culture  upon  the  is- 
land. However,  the  reports  we  have 
received  were  issued  rather  early.  It 
is  possible  that  more  favorable  condi- 
tions may  develop  later  in  the  season, 
and  afford  a  degree  of  relief  to  •the 
disappointed  multitude  of  bee-keepers. 
♦-•-♦ 

El  Apicultor  is  a  new  bee  journal 
published  at  Barcelona,  Spain,  under 
the  management  of  Miguel  Pons  Fa- 
bregues.  El  Apicultor,  we  believe,  is 
to  succeed  El  Colmenero  Espanol,  the 
editor  of  which,  D.  E.  Mercader-Bel- 
loch,  died  on  December  9th  last,  at  the 
age  of  73  years.  The  new  journal 
makes  a  very  creditable  and  promising 
start.         •-*"* 

We  are  in  receipt  of  a  copy  of  the 
annual  report  of  the  general  manager 
of  the  National  Bee-Keepers'  Associa- 
tion for  190.*^.  The  compilation  presents 
a  resume  of  the  cases  handled  during 
the  year — in  all,  3.5 — the  results  bearing 
evidenc  of  the  efliciency  of  organized 
efforts  in  this  direction.  The  list  of 
members  approximates  1,700,  and  the 
treasury  balance  is  $1,115.08. 


The  American  Bee-Keeper  is  al- 
ways in  the  market  to  buy  for  cash, 
good  articles  treating  upon  apiarian 
subjects.  Illustrated  material  is  espe- 
cially desired,  and  we  should  be 
pleased  to  have  the  privilege  of  ex- 
amining manuscripts  from  the  pens  of 
our  readers  at  all  times. 


The  Bee-Keeper  acknowledges  with 
thanks  the  receipt  of  a  number  of  pho- 
tographs from  the  following  subscrib- 
ers: Messrs.  John  M.  Hooker,  Dr.  O. 
M.  Blanton  and  N.  E.  Loane.  The  col- 
lection sent  by  the  former,  comprises 
nearly  150  interesting  subjects,  from 
the  British  Isles,  and  are  well  executed, 
indeed.  Those  sent  by  Mr.  Loane  rep- 
resent the  scenic  beauties  of  far-off 
Tasmania;  while  Dr.  Blanton's  contri- 
butions are  characteristic  of  our  own 
country.  We  deeply  appreciate  these 
evidences  of  kind  regard. 


42 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


February 


The  Southland  Queen,  of  Texas, 
warns  its  readers  that  when  bulk  comb 
honey  is  candied,  the  market  price  falls 
to  the  level  of  extracted  quotations, 
and  advises  that  this  class  of  honey 
should  be  allowed  to  remain  upon 
the  hive  until  orders  for  delivery  are 
in.  Such  being  the  case,  the  rosy  hue 
which  appeared  upon  the  face  of  this 
recent  departure  in  honey  production 
has  a  tendency  to  fade  into  a  more 
sombre  shade;  for  it  is  impracticable 
to  restore  bulk  comb  honey  to  its 
former  more  desirable  condition,  and 
the  thous'ht  of  marketing  the  wax  con- 
tained at  about  one-sixth  its  market 
value  is  not  pleasant. 

The  editor  desires  to  say  to  readers 
of  The  Bee-Keeper  that  if  those  who 
wish  the  paper  discontinued  at  the  ex- 
pimtlon  of  the  time  for  which  it  is 
paid,  will  drop  us  a  postal  card  to  that 
efPect,  their  request  will  have  prompt 
and  careful  attention.  With  the  ex- 
ception of  a  few  sample  copies  mailed 
to  bee-keepers  not  already  subscribers, 
we  never  mail  a  single  copy  to  anyone 
who  has  not  paid  in  advance  or  else 
hns  subscribed  for  an  indefinite  pe- 
riod. New  subscribers  are  constantly 
coming  in.  and  it  is  our  aim  to  so  place 
every  edition  that  each  copy  will  fall 
into  the  hands  of  someone  expecting  it, 
and  who  has  made  or  will  make  pay- 
ment in  advance  at  his  earliest  conven- 
ience. 


Mnst   Honey   "Take   a    Back   Seat." 

Considerable  alarm  is  manifested  in 
certain  quarters  at  the  possible  result 
of  a  moInss!Ps  advertisement  now  be- 
coming fnmiliar  everywhere,  which 
clnims  superiority  over  honey.  "Better 
thnn  honey  for  less  money,"  makes  a 
cntchy  hendline  that  will  divert  thou- 
sands of  dollars  from  the  pockets  of 
honey  producers  to  those  whose  enter- 
prise and  business  sagacity  prompts 
them  to  make  such  generous  use  of 
magazine  space. 

This  is  essentially  an  age  of  public- 
ity, and  business  success  is  markedly 
proportionate  to  the  extent  and  qual- 
ity of  publicity  employed  by  the  pro- 
moters of  any  enterprise.  Bee-keepers 
have,  obviously,  failed  to  appreciate 
the  possibilities  which  their  business 
affords,  through  united  effort  in  mar- 
keting and  the  utilization  of   modem 


methods  as  applied  to  publicity.  The 
competitor's  goods  may  be  unwhole- 
some and  unpalatable,  as  compared 
with  honey,  yet  his  persistent  advertis- 
ing will  take  them  into  thousands  of 
homes  where  pure  honey  is  unknown, 
and  the  consumer,  by  reason  of  the 
wily  advertisement,  will  feel  that  in 
providing  such  a  commodity  for  house- 
hold use  he  is  actually  performing  a 
sacred  duty  to  those  for  whom  he  pro- 
vides. Thus  the  consumption  goes  on, 
and  the  manufacturer  continues  to 
grow  wealthy.  -<ot  because  of  any 
special  merit  of  the  commodity,  but 
because  of  shrewd  advertising. 

The  bee-keeper's  product  is  unques- 
tionably the  most  wholesome  and  de- 
licious of  table  sweets.  Does  he  not 
recognize  in  the  advertising  methods 
of  the  cheap  molasses  man  a  lesson 
worthy  of  application  to  his  own  busi- 
ness? 

Since  the  foregoing  was  written,  The 
Bee-Keeper  has  received  a  short  arti- 
cle from  "Swarthmore,"  which  is  pre- 
sented in  this  number,  bearing  upon 
the  same  subject.  It  should  be  "learned 
by  heart"  by  every  bee-keeper  in  the 
land  who  is  interested  in  the  profitable 
development  of  our  pursuit. 


Death   of   Captain   Hetherington. 

Capt.  J.  E.  Hetherington,  who  has 
borne  the  distinction  of  being  the  most 
extensive  bee-keeper  in  the  world,  died 
at  his  home  in  Cherry  Valley,  New 
York,  December  31,  1903.  This  mea- 
gre announcement  comes  from  Capt.- 
Hetherington's  son,  Hubert  B.  Hether- 
ington, of  Cherry  Valley,  and  The  Bee- 
Keeper  extends  to  the  bereaved  family 
its  sincere  condolence.  Capt.  Hether- 
ington would  have  reached  his  64th 
birthday  on  January  7th. 


The  National  Election. 

The  official  report  af  the  December 
elections  of  the  National  Bee-Keepers' 
Association  will  be  fonnJ  in  this  num- 
ber of  The  Bee-Keeper.  The  popular- 
ity of  General  Manager  France  is  in- 
deed strongly  attested  by  the  result 
of  this  contest,  he  having  received  518 
of  the  total  552  votes  cast. 

The  widely  scattered  vote  for  direc- 
tors will,  doubtless,  tend  to  revive  In- 
terest in  the  matter  of  formally  nom- 
inating candidates  for  this  office. 


1904 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


43 


I 


A  Dread  Enemy  of  the  Florida  Bee. 

In  this  number  of  The  Bee-Keeper 
C.  S.  Harris  tells  something  of  the 
large  red  ant  which  terrorizes  the  bees 
and  annoys  the  bee-keeper  of  Florida. 
Though  we  have  had  considerable  to 
say  in  regard  to  this  destroyer  in  the 
past,  onr^-eaders  may  find  interest  in 
the  picture  also  presented  in  this  num- 
ber, as  it  shows  a  worker  bee  and  fight- 
ing ant  engaged  in  mortal  combat,  tak- 
en from  life  by  the  editor  of  The  Bee- 
Keeper.  This  nocturnal  marauder  is 
known  locally  a.s  the  "bulldog  ant," 
and  the  appellation  appears  to  have 
been  suitably  chosen,  as  it  attacks  its 
victims  with  true  bulldog  visciousness, 
savagely  biting  off  wings  and  legs  of 
the  terrified  workers,  or  crushing  be- 
tween its  powerful  jaws  any  other  ex- 
tremity with  which  they  come  in  con- 
tact. In  the  illustration  is  shown  a 
conflict  in  which  a  portion  of  the  head 
and  the  compound  eye  of  the  bee  were 
mashed  and  partly  torn  away. 

It  is  no  extraordinary  event  in  the 
South  Florida  apiary  to  'find  with  the 
coming  of  the  day  a  writhing  mass  of 
dismembered  bodies  of  bees,  drabbled 
in  honey,  where  stood  the  previous 
evening  a  prosperous  nucleus  or  prom- 
ising colony  of  valuable  stock. 

^-♦-^ ■ 

WTiat  are  "Legitimate  Lines  of 
Work?" 
Alfred  Atherton,  in  the  American 
Bee  Journal,  says:  "When  I  was  pre- 
paring my  honey  for  market  this  fall, 
if  I  could  have  had  some  sort  of  stamp 
bearing  the  letters.  'N.  B.-K.  A.,'  per- 
haps it  might  give  the  commission 
man  a  little  more  respect  for  the  rights 
of  the  shipper."  Editor  York  com- 
ments upon  the  suggestion  as  follows: 
"We  should  very  strongly  oppose  the 
use  of  such  a  stamp  until  some  sort 
of  provision  is  made  to  prevent  frauds 
getting  into  the  membership  of  the 
association.  I'nless  such  a  stamp 
were  rigidly  safe-guarded,  it  would  be 
of  no  value  to  any  one.  The  fact  is, 
the  association  is  not  organized  for  the 
purpose  of  doing  all  kinds  of  business. 
We  think  it  has  enough  to  do  when  it 
I  simply  keeps  within  its  legitimate  lines 
of  work." 

The  indiscriminate  issuing  of  such 
stamps  to  the  membership  of  the  Na- 
tional Association  would,  of  course, 
be  imprudent,     as     suggested  by   Mr. 


York.  However,  when  it  comes  to  de- 
fining the  "legitimate  lines  of  work" 
of  the  National  Association  a  broader 
proposition  is  involved.  According  to 
its  constitution  the  primary  object  of 
the  Association  "shall  be  to  promote 
the  interests  of  boe-keepers."  It  would 
therefore  appear  that  the  scope  of  work 
heretofore  undertaken  by  the  associa- 
tion might  be  materially  expanded  and 
yet  adhere  strictly  to  constitutional  lim- 
its. 

If  the  interests  of  the  members 
would  be  "promoted"  by  the  use  of  a 
mark  authorized  by  the  Association,  is 
it  not  possible  that  these  interests 
might  be  served  without  jeopardizing 
the  honor  or  prestige  of  the  Associa- 
tion? Specific  requirements  could  be 
formulated  by  the  association,  and  the 
filing  of  an  adequate  bond  therewith, 
would,  it  would  seem,  provide  the  nec- 
essarv  safeguard. 

Such  an  extension  of  the  associa- 
tion's work  could  be  made  at  slight 
expense  and,  perhaps,  greatly  to  the 
advantage  of  its  membership. 


Treatment  of  Fonl  Brood. 

Some  time  ago  The  Bee-Keeper  an- 
nounced the  receipt  of  an  article  from 
C.  H.  W.  Weber  treating  very  thor- 
oughly upon  the  subject  of  curing  foul 
brood^  with  formalin  gas.  Later  we 
were  requested  to  defer  publication  of 
the  article  until  further  instructions. 
The  following,  recently  received  from 
Mr.  Weber,  will  explain  the  reasons 
for  delay;  while  the  latest  develop- 
ments in  this  line  will  be  found  fully 
discussed  elsewhere  in  this  number: 

"When  stating  last  spring  that  I  had 
been  successful  in  killing  the  foul 
brood  bacillus  and  spores  by  fumiga- 
tion of  formaldehyde,  I  ft^lt  quite  sure 
of  what  I  claimed,  and  will  bring  for- 
ward one  fact:  Mr.  H.  Shafeer.  Presi- 
dent of  the  Hamilton  County  Bee- 
Keepers  Association  had  been  troubled 
with  the  disease,  had  declared  himself 
willing  to  furnish  me  with  foul  broody 
combs  to  experiment  with.  He  brought 
in  all  the  combs  of  an  effected  colony. 
These  I  fumigated  in  a  box  about  20 
feet  square,  and  then  took  two  of  the 
frames  on  which  the  disease  was  most- 
ly developed  to  the  University  of  Cin- 
cinnati, for  Dr.  Guyer  to  see  whether 
he  could  make  the  bacillus  and  spores 
grow  again.  Dr.  Guyer  made  several 
tests  and  pronounced  the  germ  killed. 


44 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


February 


To  be  quite  sure,  and  to  see  whether 
the  doctor  knew  what  he  was  talking 
about.  :SIr.  Shaffer  brought  in  one 
other  diseased  foul  broody  frame,  this 
one  I  did  not  fumigate,  and  it  was  cul- 
tivated to  develop  the  disease  by  Dr. 
Guyer.  After  thorough  testing  the 
doctor  declared  that  this  last  one  flour- 
ished with  living  bacillus  and  spores. 
The  results  of  the  test  by  Dr.  Guyer 
and  the  ones  I  had  made  on  colonies 
the  fall  before  and  upon  which  at  that 
time,  no  signs  of  the  disease  could  be 
noticed,  made  me  express  myself  as  I 
did.  that  fumes  of  formaldehyde  would 
kill  the  foul  brood  bacillus  and  spores, 
and  it  to  be  a  sure  cure  of  the  disease. 
Then  later  on,  when  It  had  become 
warm,  somebody  came  in  and  reported 
the  disease  had  shown  up  again.  I 
went  right  along  with  the  party  and 
I  convinced  myself  he  had  told  the 
truth.  The  next  day  I  went  out  to  H. 
Shaffer,  and  had  to  learn  there  that  the 
disease  had  shown  up  again.  Some 
other  cases,  which  I  had  treated  result- 
ed in  perfect  success,  and  some  not. 
The  result  of  the  experiment  stunned 
me.  At  that  time  I  had  no  explanation 
to  offer  as  to  what  caused  the  re-ap- 
pearance. Trying  to  learn,  and  to  find 
an  explanation,  I  commenced  to  hunt 
and  read  a  good  many  discussions  in 
German  papers,  and  what  I  learned  I 
wrote  down  in  the  article.  It  seems  to 
me  that  what  is  in  this  article  clears 
up  a  good  many  points  as  to  why  the 
disease  so  easily  reappears." 


BEE  NOTES. 

By  H.  G.  Sammis. 

AP'IXE  QUEEN  for  breeding  pur- 
poses should  not  be  allowed  to 
expend  her  force  by  too  much 
egg-laying,    but   should   be   kept  in   a 
nucleus  and  only  allowed  to  keep  that 
up  moderately  strong. 


When  hiving  swarms  on  hot  days 
if  the  bees  cluster  on  front  of  the 
hive  and  hesitate  to  go  in,  do  not  hurry 
them  too  much,  they  are  excited  and 
hot  and  want  plenty  of  air.  Raise  up 
the  front  of  the  hive  an  inch  or  two 
and  shade  them  with  a  board,  and 
when  they  get  cooled  off  they  will  go 
in  all  right.  Always  make  it  comfort- 
able for  swarms;  it  is  the  only 
holiday  they  take  in  the  whole  year. 
In  this  locality  the  linden  or  basswood 


honey  flow  comes  to  an  end  about  July 
12th.  Sumac  continues  to  bloom  about 
a  week  longer,  after  which  we  have  a 
honey  dearth  until  about  August  lOth, 
when  boneset  and  goldenrod  begin  to 
yield  nectar.  Last  year  during  this ' 
interval  of  scarcity  I  left  on  the  hive 
some  supers  which  contained  sections 
in  all  stages  of  completion.  The  re- 
sult was  the  sections  were  all  badly 
punctured,  the  bees  carrying  the  honey 
down  into  the  brood  nest  again,  using 
it  in  rearing  brood.  I  mention  this 
fact  for  the  benefit  of  those  who  may 
be  similarly  situated,  and  I  advise  that 
all  sections  be  taken  off  the  hives  after 
the  summer  honey  flow  has  ended,  and 
all  partly  filled  ones  be  replaced  in 
time  to  catch  the  fall  flow,  providing, 
of  course,  you  are  fortunate  enough 
to  have  one.  After  one  has  produced 
a  case  of  nice,  fancy  grade  honey  it 
is  important  to  know  how  to  take  it 
from  the  hive  and  not  have  the  bees 
puncture  the  nice  white  cappings, 
which  is  often  done,  and  the  honey  is 
then  rated  as  second-grade.  AYhen 
ready  to  take  off  honey,  approach  the 
hive  and  with  the  smoker  well  going, 
send  in  a  few  puffs  of  smoke  at  the 
entrance,  then  raise  the  back  end  of 
the  super  and  puff  in  a  little  more 
smoke  very  gently.  Do  not  frighten 
the  bees  by  rough  handling  or  jarring 
the  hive  in  any  way,  for  then  they  will 
run  to  the  boxes  and  puncture  the  cap- 
pings and  fill  themselves  with  honey. 
Aftrr  raising  the  super  about  siK  in  lies 
on  the  back  end  with  one  hand,  slip 
the  bee  escape  under  it  with  the  other 
hand  and  adjust  everything  in  its 
place.  The  bees  will  all  make  their 
exit  through  the  escape  in  the  board 
one  by  one,  and  your  super  will  be 
ready  to  come  off  the  next  day.  It  is 
best  to  put  on  escapes  towards  evening, 
so  the  bees  in  the  super  will  not  be  too 
hot.  Now  if  you  have  been  judicious 
and  expeditious  in  all  your  manipula- 
tions you  may  carry  off  your  super  of 
nice  comb  honey  the  next  morning 
without  a  puncture  or  a  scratch. 


The  cheapest  and  best  way  to  pro- 
tect the  bees  in  winter  is  by  using  good 
chaff  hives. 


A  good  way  to  keep  the  extra  combs 
is  to  hang  them  in  a  rack  in  a  dry- 
room. 

Centreport,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  21,  1903.     , 


HONEY  AND  BEESWAX  MARKET. 

WASHINGTON  GRADING  RULES 
Fniicv  AH  set-lions  to  be  w.  11  filled,  combs 
str»ii;h't  of  even  thickness  and  flruily  attached  to 
nil  lour  sides;  both  wood  and  comb  unsoiled  b\ 
travel  saiu  or  otherwise;  all  the  cells  sealed  ex- 
cept the  row  of  cells  next  the  wood. 

No  1-  Allsections  well  tilled,  but  combs  un- 
even or  crooked,  detached  at  the  bottom,  or  witl, 
but  few  cells  unsealed;  both  wood  and  comb  un- 
soiled bv  travel  stain  on  otherwise.  ,  ■«  ^ 
lu  uddiiiou  to  ihisthehoney  isto  be  classified 
acconliuK  to  color,  using  the  terms  while,  !'™Uer 
ami  dark.  That  is,  there  will  be  "Fancy  white, 
"No.  1  dark,"  etc. 


about  Ic.  less.  Especially  weak  are 
those  lacking  iu  flavor  and  body. 
Beeswax  steady  at  28c.  to  30c. — R.  A. 
Burnett  &  Co. 


HONEY   MARKET. 

Cincinnati,  Jan.  25.— The  demand  for 
honey  shows  little  life  at  the  present  | 
moment.  Have  an  ample  supply,  al- 1 
though  we  look  for  a  revival  of  trade  j 
in  the  near  future  in  this  country.  We  [ 
are  selUns  amber  extracted  in  barrels,] 
at  5  1-4  to  (ic.  White  clover  (>  1-2  to  j 
Sc.  accorolin.a-  to  quality.  Fancy  comb  ; 
honey  selling  slow  at  14  to  15c.  Bees- 1 
wa.x: 'good  demand  at  30c.— Fred  W.  j 
Muth  Co.  I 

New  York,  .Tan.  S.— The  sipply  of! 
honey  is  good  with  limited  demand.; 
We  quote,  comb,  white,  13  to  14c.,  j 
amber,  lie,  dark,  lOc,  extracted,  5  to  j 
T)  l-2c.  Beeswax  in  good  demand,  with 
light  supply  at  28  to  29c.— Hildreth  & 
Segelkin. 

Boston.  Jan.  11.— There  is  but  little 
new  to  note  in  our  honey  market. 
Stocks  are  ample  and  prices  as  follows: 
Fancy  white.  lOc,  A  No.  1,  15c.,  No.  1, 
14c.,  extracted,  G  to  Sc,  according  to 
quality.— Blake,  Scott  &  Co. 


Cent=a=Word  Column. 

The  rate  is  uniformly  one  cent  for  each 
word,  each  month;  no  advertisement  however 
small  will  be  accepted  for  less  than  twenty 
cents,  and  must  be  paid  in  advance.  Count 
the   words   and   remit    with    order   accordingly. 

FOR.  S.^LE — Farms,  both  large  and  small; 
also,  houses  and  lots,  everywhere.  Send  for 
free  bulletins.  W.  H.  Burke,  Cliftoa 
Springs.    N.    Y. 1-3 

U'ANTKI) — To  exchange  six-month  trial  tub- 
scription  to  The  American  fSee- Keeper  for  M 
cents  m  postage  stamps.  Address,  Lice-Keeper, 
Falconer,    N.    Y. 

FOR    SALE— A    Hawkeye,    Jr.    Camera    Cora- 
plete.    L'se.'*    both    film   and    plates.    Cost   $9.04, 
will  sell   with   leather  case  for  $3.50  cash.   Ad 
drcs';    I'.mpire    \Va>her   Co..    Falconer.    N.    Y. 

A  TA.NDKM  HICYCLE  (for  man  and  lady) 
cost  $150,  in  first-class  condition,  was  built 
to  order  for  the  owner.  Tires  new.  Will  sell 
for  $25  cash.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Ad- 
dress J.  C'layborne  Merrill,  130  Lakeview  ave., 
Jamestown,   N.   Y. 

AGEXTS   WANTED   to  sell  advertising  novel- 
ties, good  commission  allowed.  Send  for  cata- 
logue  and     terms.     American     Manufacturing 
Concern,   Jamestown,   N    Y. 


"W  c    have    an    awful    appetite    for    order*." 

THE    W.    T     FALCONER    MFG.,    CO.. 

r.ee  keepers'    Supplies  Jamestown,    N.    Y. 

Send    us   your    name   and   address    for   m   eat- 
logue. 


The  more  you  advertise  your  busi- 
ness the  more  business  you  will  have 
to  ndvcrtisf'.— Printers  Ink. 


Kansas  City,   Mo.,  .Tan.  9,-The  de-  THE     DIXIE    HOME    MAGAZINE 


mand  for  comb  honey  is  fair.  Demand 
for  extracted,  light.  We  quote,  $2.25 
to  .$2.no  per  case  of  24  sections.  E.x-j 
trafted  f!  to  7  l-2c.  per  pound.  Bees-j 
Avax  is  in  good  demand  at  25  to  28c. 
We  do  not  look  for  much  improvement 
in  i)rices  before  February,  if  then. — 
C.  C.  Clemons  &  Co. 


Chicago,  Jan.  8.— The  new  year 
opens  with  a  quiet  trade  in  honey,  re- 
tailers usually  having  a  supply  from 
the  stock  laid  in  to  make  a  good  show 
at  the  holiday  trade.  Prices  are  with- 
out essential  change  in  No.  1  to  fancy 
comb,  which  brings  about  13c.  Very 
little  doing  in  off  grades  at  from  one 
to  three  cents  less.  Extracted  white 
grades  bring  from  6c.  to  7c.,  according 
to  flavor  and  other  qualities;   amWrs 


10c  a  year.  Largest.Briqhtest  and  Finest  Illustrated 
M^aaz'ne  in  the  World  for  10c  a  year,  to  Intro- 
duce it  only. 
It    is   bright   and   up-to-date.      Tells 
all  about  Southern  Home  Life.     It  is 
full  of  fine  engravings  of  grand  scen- 
ery,    buildings    and    famous    people. 
Send   at    once.      10c.   a   year   postpaid 
anywhere  in   the  U.    S.,    Canada    and 
Mexico.     3  years  50c.     Or,  clubs  of  6 
names  50c.,  12  for  $1.    Send  us  a  club. 
Money  back  if  not  delighted.     Stamps 
taken     Cut  this  out.    Send  today. 
THE  DIXIE   HOME, 
[  Birmingham,  Ala. 

!      When  writing,  mention  the  Am.  BeeKeeper. 


The  subscription  price  of  the  ROCKY 
\|(.IKTAIN  BEE  JOURNAL  is  60  cenU. 
W>  will  send  it  with  THE  BEE-KEEPER 
.ne   Tear  (or  only  7S  cents. 


THE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO.,  MEDINA,  OHIO. 
1     Breeders  of  Italian  bees  and  queens. 


GEO.  J.  VANDE  VORD,  DAYTONA,  FLA. 
Breeds  choice    Italian    queens   earlv.     All 
queens  warranted  purely  mated,  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed. 


p     H.  W.  WEBER,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 
^^'     (Cor  Central  and  Freeman  Aves.)    Golden 
yellow,  Red  Clover  and  Carniolan  queens,  bred 
from  select  motliersin  separate  apiaries. 

THE  HONEY  AND  BEE  COMPANY,  BEE- 
I  VILLE,  TEXAS.  Holy  Land,  Carniolan, 
Cyprian,  Albino  and  3  and  5-banded  Italian 
queens.  Write  for  our  low  prices.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed.. 


TOHN  M.  DAVIS,  SPRING  HILL,  TENN..  sends 
^  out  the  choicest  3-banded  and  golden  Italian 
queens  that  skill  and  experience  can  produce. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.    No  disease. 


I  B.  CHASE,  PORT  ORANGE,  FLA.,  has  fine 
J  •  golden  Italian  queens  early  and  late.  Work- 
ers little  inclined  to  swarm,  ami  cap  their  honey 
very  white.  Hundreds  of  his  old  customers  stick 
to  him  year  after  year.     Circular  free. 


CWARTHMORE  APIARIES,  SWARTHMORE, 
'-'  PA.  Our  bees  and  queens  are  the  brighest 
Italian.s  procurable.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Correspondence  in  English,  French,  German  and 
Spanish.    Shipments  to  all  parts  of  the  world. 


WZ.   HUTCHINSON,  FLINT,  MICH. 
•     Superior  stock  queens,  51.50  each;  queen 
and  Bee-Keepers'  Review  one  year  for  only  J2. 00. 


ME.W  CENTURY  QUEEN-REARING  CO.,  (John 
i>  W.  Pharr,  Prop.)  BERCLAIR,  TEXAS,  is 
breeding  line  golden  and  3-banded  Italian  and 
Carniolan  queens.  Prices  are  low.  Please  write 
for  special  information  desired. 


pUNIC  BEES.  All  other  races  are  dis- 
*  carded  after  trial  of  these  wonderful  bees 
Particulars  post  free.  John  Hewitt  &  Co., 
Sheffield,    Eng.  4 


fj\  6oRE'S  LONG-TONGUED  STRAIN 
of  Italians  become  more  and  more  popu- 
lar each  year.  Those  who  have  tested  them 
know  why.  Descriptive  circular  free  to  all. 
Write  J.   P.   Moore,   L.   Box  1,   Morgan,   Ky.     4 


MAPS. 

A  vest  pocket  Map  of  your  State. 
New  issue.  These  maps  show  all 
the  Counties,  ia  seven  colors,  all 
railroads,  postofifices  — •  and  inan\ 
towns  not  given  in  the  postal  guide 
— rivers,  lakes  and  mountains,  with 
index  and  population  of  counties, 
cities  and  towns.  Census — it  gives 
all  official  returns.  We  will  send 
you  postpaid  any  state  map  you 
wish  for 

20    cents    (sHver) 

JOHN  W.   HANN,         | 
gn  Wauneta,  Neb 


American 


BEE 


Journal 


16 -p.  Weekly, 

^     Sample  Free. 

MS"  All  about  Bees  and  their 

profitable  care.    Best  writers. 

Oldest  beepaper;  illustrated. 

Departments  for  beginners 

and  for  women  bee-keepers. 

Address, 

GEORGE  W.  YORK  &  CO., 

144  &  146  Erie  St.  Chicago,Ili,. 


CLUBBING    LIST. 


We    will    send   The    American  Bec- 
Keeper  with  the — 

Price  Both 
Rocky  Mountain  Bee  Jour- 
nal     $  .50  $  .75 

What  to  Eeat  l.OO  1.00 

Bee-Keepers'  Review 1.00  1.35 

Canadian  Bee  Journal   1.00  1.35 

Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture. .  1.00  1.35, 

American  Queen 50  .60 

The  American  Boy 1.00  1.00 

Irish  Bee  Journal   36  .65 

Poultry  News 25  5a 


THE  ONLY  GERMAN   AGRIGULTIRAL  MONTH- 
LY rN  THE  INITED  STATES  JtJtJtj^Jt^^^ 

FARM  UND  HAUS 

The  most  carefully  edited  German 
Agricultural  journal.  It  is  brimful  of 
practical  information  and  useful  hints 
for  the  up-to-date  farmer;  devoted  to 
stock  raising,  general  farming,  garden- 
ing, poultry,  bee-keeping,  etc.,  and  con- 
tains a  department  for  the  household, 
which  many  find  valuable.  Another  de- 
partment giving  valuable  receipts  and 
remedies  called  "Hasarzt,"  in  fact  every 
number  contains  articles  of  real  prac- 
tical use. 

Price  only  35  CENTS  per  year.  Sam- 
ple copy  free. 

Send  subscriptions  to, 

FARM    UND    HAUS 

6      tf.  BLUFFTON,  OHIO. 


Attica  Lithia  Springs  Hotel 

Lithia-SulpDur  Water  aud  .\[ud  Baths 
Nature's  Own  Great  Cure  for 

...RHEUMATISM.... 

and  Kindred  Diseases,  such  as  Liver 
and  Kidney  Complaints,  Skin  and 
Blood  Diseases.  Constlpatioo,  Nervous 
Prostration,  etc. 

A  new  and  up-to-date  hotel.  Large,  airy, 
light  and  finely  furnished  rooms,  with  Steam 
Heat,  l^lectric  Lights,  Hot  aud  Cold  Water 
on  each  floor.  Rates  including  Room,  Board. 
Mud  Baths,  Lithia-Sulphur  Wtiter  Baths  and 
Medio  Atteiid.nce  (uo  extras)  $2.50  aud 
$3.00  a  day,  according  to  room. 

WRITE  FOR  BOOKLET. 

Address  Box  3, 

tf     Lithia  Springs  Hotel,  Attica,  Ind. 


Are  You  Looking  for  a  Home? 

No  farmer  should  think  of  buy- 
ing land  before  seeing  a  copy  of 
THE  FARM  AND  irEAL  ESTATE 
JOURNAL.  It  contQins  the  large«t 
list  of  lands  for  sale  of  any  paper 
published  in  Iowa.  Rerches  30,- 
000  readers  each  issue,  and  is  one 
of  the  best  advertising  mediums  to 
reach  the  farmers  and  the  Home- 
Seekers  that  you  can  advertise  in. 
For  75c  we  will  mail  you  the  Jour- 
nal for  1  yeer,  or  for  ten  cents  in 
silver  or  ertamps  we  will  send  you 
the  Journal  2  months  on  trial. 
Address, 

Farm  and  Real  Estate  Journal, 
TRAER,  TAMA  CO.,  IOWA. 

10-tf. 


Strawberries. 

Young,  healthy,  fresh,  vigor- 
ous stock  in  prime  condition  for 
spring  planting. 

All 

Leading 
V  a  r ieties 

wnie  lor  prices  and  terns. 
MONROE    STRAWBERRY    CO., 

Box  66  MONROE,  MICH. 


Hesdquarters  for  Bee-Supplies 

ROOT'S  GOODS  AT  ROOT'S  FACTORY  PRICES. 

Complete  stock  for  1904  now  on  hand.  Freight  rates  from  Cincinnati  are 
the  lowest.  Prompt  service  is  what  I  practice.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Langstroth   Portico  Hives  and  Standard  Honey- Jars  at  lowest  pricis. 

You  will  save  money  buying  from  me.  Catalog  mailed  free.  Send  for 
same. 

Book  orders  for  Golden  Italians,  Red  Clover  and  Camiolan  Queens-,  for 
prices  refer  to  my  catalog. 

C.   H.  V^.  V^EBER, 


OfBce  and  Salesrooms  2146-48  Central  Ave. 
Warehouses— Freeman  and  Central  Aves. 


CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 


La  Compania 
Manutacturera  Americana 

oirccc  lus  mas  reducidos  precios  en  to- 
da  clase  dc  arliculos  para  Apicultorcs 
Nucbira  Fabrica  cs  una  de  las  mas 
grandcs  y  mas  antiguas  de  America. 
Espccialidad  en  Colmenas,  Ahumadorcs 
para  Colmenas,  Extractores,  etc.  in 
ventorcs  y  perfeccionadores  de  mucho? 
articulos  de  suma  utilidad  en  la  Apicul- 
tura.  Enviamos  gratis  nuestro  catalogo 
y  precios  a  quienes  lo  solicitcn.  Dirija- 

nse  a. 

THE  AMERICAN  MFG.  CO., 

Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  E.  U.  A. 


REMEMBER 

IFJYOU:SUBSCRIBE  NOW,  YOUCAN^ 
'  ^  HAVE  THE  "      _ 

American  Bee=Keeper 

1  "  .;U  sent  to  your  address  regularly 

Three  Full  Years  for  One  Dollar. 


"^  Of  all  offers  in  the  line  of  bee  literauue,  uus  ^^ 
"♦•caps  tlie  eliinix;.  Please  tell  your  friends  _^^ 
"^  wtiat  we  are  offering.   Send  all  subscriptions  ^ 


to  the  Falconer,  N.  Y.,  office. 


A  BATH 


IS  a 
luiuc*' 


PNIPIRE      , 
"      Portable 


taken  in  an 

Folding  BATH  TUB 

Used  in  any  room. 
AoEN'Ts  Wanted. 
Catalogue  Free. 
^Ths^  empire 
)NASHER  CO., 
Jamestown,N.Y. 


FIGHTING  ROOSTER 

Mystify  and  amuse  your 
f  rieiids,  These  are  two  gen- 
xiine  game  roosters  with 
J-eathers.  they  fight  to  a 
finish,  and  are  always  ready 
to  fight.  The  secret  of  their 
movements  is  only  known  to 
the  operator.  Will  last  a  life-  <J( 
time.  IHc  per  pair,  3  for  25c, 
postpaid.    Address 

ZBNO  SUPPLY  CO., 

Box  J., 

When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


The  Kecord. 

The  Oldest  and  Leading  Belgian 
Hare  Journal  of  America  and 
England. 

R.  J.  FiNLEY,  Editor  and  Publisher, 

Tl\e  only  journal  having 
an  English  Belgian  Hare 
Department. 

One  copy  worth  the  yearly 
subscription. 

If  interestea,  aon't  fail  to 
send  2-cent  stamp  for  sample 
copy  at  once.     Address, 

R.  J.  FINLEY, 

^^  MACON  ,  MO. 


^m 


To  Subucrlber*  of 
rHE  AMERICAN  BEE=KEEPER 

And   Others! 

Until  Further  Notice 

We  Will  Send  The 

Country 
I        Journal 

to  any  address  in  the  U.  S.  A.,  one 
year  for  10  cents,  prorldlne  you 
mention  American  Bee-Keei>er. 
I  The  Country  .Journal  treats  Ott 
'  Farm.  Orchard  and  (Jarden.  Poul- 
:try  and  Fashion.  It's  the  beat  pjl- 
\>er  printed  for  the  price. 
;      A'i'lrcss. 

!    The  Country  Journal, 

AUentown,  Pa. 

2tf 


POULTRY  NEWS. 

25  Cts.  A  Year.  Ad.  rate  70c.  An  Inch 
Circulation  10,000   Monthly. 

Bee  Department  in  charge  of  W.  W. 
Fowler,    of   Ardsley,    N.   Y. 

NEW  BRUNSWICK,  NEW  JERSEY. 


Sunshine 


is  gaining  ad- 
miration as  a 
popular    litera- 

ry  family 

■"~~"™""~~~"^~'~"— "  MAGAZINE. 
It  entertains  its  readers  with  good  short  stor- 
ies, sketches  and  poems  by  the  most  famous 
authors  of  the  day  and  is  a  magazine  of  supe- 
rior merit. 

It  is  a  welcome  visitor  in  every  home. 

Price  25  cents  a  year. 

We  wish  to  haye  our  magazine  in  your 
vicinity  and  as  a  special  offer  for  new  readers 
we  will  send  you 

Sunshine  for  1  Year  for  lOc. 

Think  of  it.  less  than  one  cent  a  copy.    Can't 
you  act  as  our  agent  ? 

ADD.  MAYES  PUB.  CO., 
LOUISVILLE,       -        KENTUCKY. 


in 


ATHENS,  GA, 


Subscription, 


50  Cents  a  Tear. 


Published  the  First  of  Every  Month 

and    Circulates    in    Every 

Southern   State. 


ADVERTISING  RATES  ON  APPLI- 
CATION. 


50    YEARS' 
EXPERIENCE 


ATENTS 


Trade  Marks 
Designs 
, , , ,  Copyrights  Ac. 

Anvone  sending  a  slcetrb  and  description  may 
oulckly  ascertain  our  opinion  free  whetcer  an 
invention  is  probably  patentable.  Communica^ 
tions  strictly  confidential.  Handbook  on  PatenU 
sent  tree.  Oldest  aRcncy  for  securing  patents. 

Patents  taken  through  Munn  &  Co.  receive 
special  notice,  without  charge,  in  the 

clentlfic  Jltnerkan. 

A  handsomely  illustrated  weekly.  Largest  cir- 
culation of  any  scientific  Journa  .  Terms,  f3  a 
year  ;  four  months,  *!.   Sold  ty  all  newsdealers. 

MUNN  &Co.3«^«^°»''*'»^' New  York 

Branch  Office.  625  F  St..  Washington,  X>.  C. 


National  Beei-Keepers'  Association, 

The  largest  bee-keepers'  society  in  the 
world . 

Organized  to  protect  and  promote    the 
interests  of  its  menibers. 

Memberghlp  Fee,  $1.00  ■  Year. 

N.e.  FRANCE,  Platteville,  Wis., 

General  Manager  and  Treasurer. 


Clubbing  Offers^ 

Here  Is  a  Sample: 

Modern  Farmer $  .50 

Western  Fruit  Grower......     .50 

Poultry  Gazette 25 

Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture 1.00 

$2.25 
All  One  Year  for  only  $1.00. 

Write  for  others  just  as  good,  or  bet- 
ter. 

SAMPLE  FREE. 

New  subscribers  can  have  the  Amer- 
can  Bee  Journal  in  place  of  Gleanings, 
if  they  wish,  or  all  for  $1.60.  Renew- 
als to  A.  B.  J.  add  40c.  more. 

MODERN  FARMER, 

The  Clean  Farm  Paper 

St.  Joseph,  Mo. 


Beeswax 
Wanted 


We  will  pay  29  cents  cash  or  31  cents 
in  goods  for  good  quality  of  Beeswax, 
freight  paid  to  Falconer,  N,  Y.  If  you 
have  any,  ship  it  to  us  at  once. 
Prices  subject  to  change  without  notice. 
THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MFG.  CO. 


When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


IJee  Suppltes  from  tiewfs 

They  are  the  finest. 
THOUSANDS  OF  BEE  HIVES, 
MILLIONS  OF  SECTIONS, 

Ready  for  Promnt  Shipment. 

G.  B.  LewisCo.^^5^IT?:A. 

EASTERN  AGENCIES,  C  M.  Scott  & 
Co.,  1004  East  Washington  St.,  Indianapolis, 
Ind. 

THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.. 
Front  and  Walnut  Sts., 
CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 


Catalogtie  Free. 


tf. 


DON'T   RELAX   YOUR    EFFORTS 


after  spending  money  for  new  hives  and  fixtures,  valua- 
jle  time  in  the  preparation  of  these  for  new  swarms,  leav- 
ing other  work  at  a  convenient  time  (for  the  bees)  to  hive 
Lhem ;  and  now  that  a  good  ci  op  is  ready  the  next  step  is 
Attractive  packages.  Our  assortment  of  packages  for 
:omb  honey  we  beheve  vvoukl  be  difficult  to  improve  upon 
for  the  purpose  designed. 
The  special  features  of  the  No-Drip  Cases  for 
comb  honey  we  have  advertised  for  several  years  are 
the  Paper  Trays  and  Drip  Sticks  which  provide,  for 
the  collection  of  leaking  honey  in  trays.  Thc^e  also 
prevent  its  oozing  out  at  the  cracks  to  gather  dust 
and  dirt  and  present  a  very  untidy  appearance  to  say 
the  least.  A  light  frame  is  now  used  cl  ar  around 
die  glass  in  front  which  hides  any  unsealed  cells  in 
the  outer  row,  and  exposes  to  view  only  the  finished 
work  in  the  center.  The  material  is  white  basswood. 
The  joints  are  perfect  fitting,  the  work  being  done  by  machine-filed  saws. 

These  No-Drip  Cases  are  made  in 
12,  16  and  24  lb.  sizes  for  regular  4I  in. 
sections,  as  well  as  intermediate  weights 
for  pkain  sections.  These  are  supplied 
with  2  and  3  in.  glass  to  meet  the  de- 
mands of  bee-keepers.  The  Danzenba- 
kker  and  Ideal  sections  are  also  provided 
for  with  No-Drip  Cases,  but  these  are 
furnished  with  3  in.  glass  only. 

The  value  of  attractive  pa<:kages  can 
not  be  overestimated,  and  wide-awake 
bee-keepers  are  beginning  to  realize 
this  fact.  In  cartoons  we  supply  two 
kinds,  the  Dazenbaker  and  the  Fokling:  these  are  furnished  for  the  reg- 
ular sizes  of  sections  .  Both  of  these  are  furnished  with  special  printmg 
at  a  nominal  charge. 

Our  packages  for  comb  honey 
would  be  incomplete  without  ship- 
ping crates  for  shipping  of  honey. 
This  one  shown  herewith  is  the 
regular  package  we  ship  out  the 
cases  in  the  flat.  We  can  fitrnish 
these  in  the  flat  for  the  different 
sizes  of  the  section  cases  at  60c. 
each,  or  $5.00  for  ten. 

For  prices  on  any  of  the  abave  or  any  other  boe-kccpers'  supplies  address  any  of  our  ag-ents,  or 


MEDINA,     OHIO. 


•9 


Entered  at  the  Postoftice.  Fort  Pierce,    Fla..  as  second-class  mail  matter. 


CASH  FOR  YOl 


The  American  Bee-Keeper  is  in  the  market  to  buy  arti- 
cles on  bee-keeping-  subjects.  Articles  with  photographs 
to  illustrate  are  especially  desired.  We  will  pay  well  for 
good  work.  We  want  reporters  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 
Give  us  an  opportunity  to  bid  on  your  pen  productions 
and  the  results  of  your  photographic  skill.     Address, 

THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER, 

Fort  Pierce,  Fla. 


.oAl3 


&< 


SAllER^SEEDNOVEUIES 


SALZER*S  NATIONAL  OATS. 

Yea,  taimersoi  America,  lend  me  your  ears,  while  I  chant  I 
the  merits  ot  this  new  Oat  Novelty 

Editors,  Agricultural  Writers,  Institute  Orators,  all  talk 
and  write  about  this  new  Oat.  It  yielded  in  Wis.  156  bu.,  in 
Ohio  187  bu.,  in  Mich,  231  bu.,  in  Mo.  'J55  bu.  and  In  N.  D. 
310  bu.  per  acre,  during  1903,  and  in  190-1  you  can  grow  just 
as  easily  300  bu.  per  acre  of  .Salzer's  National  Oats,  aa 
we  can.  Your  land  is  just  as  good, just  as  rich  and  you  are 
Just  as  good  a  farmer  as  we  are.  We  hope  you  will  try  this 
Oat  in  1904,  and  then  sell  same  for  seed  to  your  neighbora 
at  a  fancy  price,  next  fall. 

Macaroni  Wheat. 

It  does  well  on  arid,  dry  lands,  as  alsoon  rich  farm  lands, 
yielding  from  30  to  80  bu.  per  acre. 

Speltz  and  Hanna  Barley. 

Greatest  cereal  food  on  earth.  Yields  4  tons  elegant  straw 
hay  and  80  bu.  of  grain,  as  rich  as  corn,  oats  and  wheat 
ground  together !  Does  well  everywhere.  Hanna  Barley 
grows  on  dry,  arid  lands,  yielding  60  bu.  per  acre. 

Salzer's  Home  Builder  Corn. 

Positively  the  biggest  eared  early  corn  on  earth,  yielding 
In  Ind.  157  bu  ,  Ohio  160  bu.,  Tenn.  198  bu.,  Mich.  220  bu. 
and  8.  D.  276  bu.  per  acre.  It  is  really  a  marvelous  corn. 
Sinks  its  roots  doeply  alter  moisture  and  nourishment  and 
grows  like  a  weed.         ^^_^^_^ 

Bromus  Inermis  and  Alfalfa  Clover. 

Bromus  Inermis  is  the  most  prolific  grass  for  permanent 
pastures  on  earth.  Yields  7  tons  hay  per  acre.  Good  on 
Band,  lime,  clay,  gravel— yes,  on  all  kinds  of  soils  ! 

Alfalfa  Clover  produces  more  hay  and  better  hay  thaa 
any  Clover  known.    It  is  good  for  7  tons  per  acre. 

Potatoes  736  bushels  per  Acre. 

The  Editor  of  the  Rural  New  Yorker  says,  "Salzer's 
Earliest  I'otato  is  the  earliest  outof  58  early  sorts  tried,  and 
yields  464  bu.  per  acre,  wliile  Salzer's  Early  Wisconsin 
yielded  for  them  736  bu.  per  acre.  Salzer's  Potatoes  for 
yield  challenge  the  world  !" 

FOR  10c  IN  STAMPS 

and  the  name  of  this  paper,  we  will  send  you  a  lot  of  farm 
seed  samples,  including  some  of  above,  together  with  our 
mammoth  140  page  illustrated  catalog.    Send  to-day.  Jt^^^Bt^^j'/'' 


w^mMiMWMmmmm. 


Bee    H  i ves 
Sections 

EVERYTHING 


THAT  IS  USED  BY  BEE-KEEPERS  CAN  BE 
PROCURED  OF  US  AS  CHEAPLY  AS  ANY- 
WHERE, AND  WE  KNOW. 

Our  Goods  are  Superior 

BOTH  IN  MATERIALS    AND    WORKMAN- 
SHIP TO  THOSE  OF  ANY  COMPETITOR. 

One   Trial   Will   Convince   You 

THAT'S  ALL  WE  ASK.  WE  KNOW  YOU 
WILL  NEVER  BUY  OF  ANYBODY  ELSE. 

Our  new  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list  is  now 
ready.  Send  for  one  on  a  postal  card. 


The  W.  T. 
FALCONER  MANFG.  CO., 

JAMETSTONA/N,  N.  Y. 


J 


IF  YOU 

WANT  TO  GROW 

Vegetables,  Fruits  and  Farm 
Products  in  Florida  subscribe 
for  the  FLORIDA  AGR1CUL= 
TURIST.  Sample  copy  sent 
on  application. 

E.O.  Painter  Pub.  Co. 

JACKSONVILLE,  FLORIDA. 


BEGINNERS. 

shoii.d  have  a  copy  of 

The  Amateur  Bee-keeper, 

a  TO  page  book,  by  Prof.  J.  W.  Rouse;  written  ei- 
peciar.y  for  amateurs.  Second  edition  just  ou' 
First  edition  of  1,000  sold  in  less  than  two  year* 
Editor  Yuik  says:  "It  is  the  finest  little  book  pub- 
lished at  the  present  time."  Price  2i  cents;  bj 
mail  28  cents.    Th«  little  book  and 

Tlie  Progressive  Bee-keeper, 

(a  live,  progressive,  28  page  monthly  journal  )  on«, 
year  for  ts.^c.  Apply  to  any  lirst-class  dealer,  or 
address 

LEAHY  MFG-   CO.,  Higginsv^ue,  m.. 


00  YOUR  HCN&  PAY? 
This  woman  understands 
her  business,  ID  Dozen 
Eggs  at  36c.  per  dozen 
trom  180  hens  in 
one  day. 


1-THi-sismfP'ijPE^^ 


The  only  Pipe  made 

that  cannot  be  told  ' 

from  a  cigar.    Holds 

a  large 'pipe  full  of 

tobacco  and  lasts  for  years.     Agents"  outfit  and  a  25-cent  sample 

by  mail  for  lOe.,  and  our  Big  Bargain  Catalog  Free.    Address, 

ZENO    SUPPLY    CO.,    IndianapollH,    Ind. 


PAlENTS 


promptly    ohtained   OE   NO   FEE.       Trade-Marks, 

J  Cav.-^tsi      Copyrights     and      Labels      registered. 

I  TWENTY  YEARS'  PRACTICE.  Highest  references. 

1  Send    model,     sketch    or    photo,    for   free    report 

on     patentability.      All      business      confidential. 

HAND-BOOK  FREE.     Explains  everything.     Tells 

How  to  Obtain  and  Sell  Patents,  What  Inventions 

Will   Pay,  How  to  Get  a  Partner,  explains   best 

1  mechanical   movements,    and    contains  300  other 

I  aubjects  of  importance  to  inventors.        Address, 

H.  B.  WILLSON  &  CO.  "*' 


790  F  Street  North, 


Attorneys 
WASHINGTON,  D.C. 


That^Egg 

tells  the 
story. 


Ten  Dozen  at  36e.  per  doz.  in  one  day  for 
Our  New  Book  "Helits  for  PonUry  Kf' 
how,  explains  why  so  many  fall  and  so  f 
A  Book  we  can  commend  with  a  good  e< 
a  GRE.4T  HELP  to  all  Poultry  Keepei 
old.    Describes  60  varieties  of  fowls,  well  i. 
and  contains  a  Poultry  Keepers  Accnui-it  . 
gainorlossmonthly;onheavy  paper  worih   - 
This  Book  Free  with  our  Poultry  Paper  one  year  for 
25e.  or  Book  free  with  pai)f-r  .S  months  for  1  Gc. 
Descriptive  circulars  Free  for  stamp  to  pay  postage. 
AVayside  I'ouitry  to.,  C'lintonville,  Conn. 

DON'T  KILL 

YOURSELF,  WASHING  the 

WAY,  BUT  BUY  AM  E  M  P  I   R  E 

WASHER,  with  which  tht 
frailest  woman  can  do  an  or- 
dinary wathing  in  one  hour, 
without  wetting  her  handn. 
Sample  atwholetaltprice.  Satisfaction  C^^lft^anteecl. 
Nopau  until  tried.  Write/or  Illustrated  Catalogv* 
anapricea  of  Wringers, Ironing  Tables,  Clothes  ReeU, 
DryingBars,  WagonJaekt,<ke.  AeentsWanted.  Lib- 
eral Terms.  QuickSalesI  Little  Workll  Big  Paylll 
AddrtM.Tut  EmpikkWashib  Co..JamestoTni.N.Y. 


BARNES' 

Foot  Power  Machinery^ 

This  cut  represents  our 
Combined  Machine,  whick 
Is  the  best  machine  made 
for  use  in  the  construction 
of  Hives,  Sections,  Boxes, 
etc.  Sent  on  trial.  Send  for 
Catalogue  and  Price  List. 
W.  F.  &  J.  BARNES  CO., 
913   Ruby  St.,   Rockford.Ill. 


B'&M'eAZfNE 


One  year  free  to  quickly  in- 
troduce it.  As  good  aa  Harp- 
er's, Munsey's,  LadiesHome  Journal  or  McClure's. 
Send  10  cents  to  help  pay  postage.  AMERICAN 
STOKIES    Oept,  rt  D.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

tf. 


HOHB  V\ORK  Sarr's"t"af 

week.    Enclose  stamp.    H.  D.    LEADER  CO  ^ 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich:  tf. 


W.  M.  Gcrrish,  R.  F.  D.,  Eppinj,  N.  H.. 
keejjs  a  complete  supply  of  our  goods,  mm 
Eastern  customers  will  save  freight  by  order* 
int  of  him. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  Co. 


Homes  in 

Old  Virginia. 

It  is  gradually  brought  to  light 
that  the  Civil  war  has  made  great 
changes,  freed  the  slaves,  ^.nd  in 
consequence  has  made  the  large 
land  owners  poor  and  finally  freed 
the  land  from  the  original  owners 
who  would  not  sell  until  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  There  are  some 
of  the  finest  lands  in  the  market  at 
very  Jow  prices,  lands  that  produce 
all  kinds  of  crops,  grasses,  fruits, 
and  berries;  fine  for  stock.  You 
find  green  truck  patches,  such  as 
cabbage,  turnips,  lettuce,  kale, 
spinach,  etc.,  growing  all  the  win- 
ter. The  climate  is  the  best  all  the 
year  around  to  be  found,  not  too 
cold  nor  too  warm.  Good  water. 
Healthy.  Railroads  running  in 
every  direction.  If  you  desire  to 
know  all  about  Virginia  send  10c. 
for   three    months    subscription    of 

the    VIRGINIA   FARMER  to 

Farmer  Co.,  Emporia,  Va. 


THE   DIXIE   HOME  MAGAZINE 

10c  a  year.  Largest. Brightest  and  Finest  Illustrated 
Magazine  in  the  World  for  lUc  a  year,  to  intro- 
duce it  only.^  ih  -.«_ ^fc»  ^ 
It   is   bright   and   up-to-date.      Tells 
all  about  Southern  Home  Life.     It  is 
full  of  fine  engravings  of  grand  scen- 
ery,    buildings     and     famous     people. 
Send  at   once.     10c.   a   year   postpaid 
anywhere  in   the   U.    S.,    Canada    and 
Mexico.     3  years  50c.     Or,  clubs  of  (i 
names  50c.,  12  for  $1.     Send  us  a  club. 
Money  back  if  not  delighted.     Stamps 
taken.    Cut  this  out.    Send  today. 
THE  DIXIE   HOME, 
Birmingham,  Ala. 
When  writing,  meulion  the  Am.  BeeKeeper. 


There  is  bo  trade  or  profession  better  catered  to 
vy  good  journals  than  that  of  the  farner.      Unia- 
tellipent  BBprogressiveuess  has  now  no  excns«. 
tf. 

Good  Adveitisers     j 

Those  who   are  careful  where   they  | 
place  their  advertising  money,  use 

BARNUM'S 

MIDLAND  FARMER 

which  reaches  over  30,000  prosperous, 
wide-awaks,  buying  farmers  every  is- 
sue. Regular  rate  14  cents  per  agate 
line,  but  send  us  a  trial  order  at  10 
cents  per  line  ($1.40  per  inch  each 
time),  and  we  will  place  it  where  it 
will  do  the  most  good.  Two  or  more 
new  subscriptions  (sent  together).  20 
cents  per  year.  Sixteen  pages,  four 
columns  to  page.  Departments  cover- 
ing every  branch  of  farming  and  stock- 
raising.  The  little  journal  that  is 
"readand  re-read  by  its  readers."  Bar- 
num's  Midland  Farmer.  No.  22  North 
Second  St.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  7tf 


Poultry  Success 

14th  Year,  32  to  64  Pages. 

The  2oth  Century 

POULTRY  MAGAZINE,[ ; 

Beautifully  illustrated,  50  cts.  per  year. 

Greatly  improved  and  enlarged.  Shows 

readers  how  to  succeed  with  poultry 

SPECIAL   INTRODUCTORY  oOFFER. 

3  years,  60  cts.;  1  year,  25  cts.;  4 
months'  trial,  10  cts.;  stamps  ac- 
cepted. 

SAMPLE  COPY  FREE. 

j  Large,  Illustrated,  Practical  Poultry 
Book  FREE  to  yearly  subscribers. 

I  Catalogue  of  poultryi  publications* 
FREE.     Address  nearest  oftice. 

POULTRY  SUCCESS  CO.,* 

Dept.    16. 
DesMoines,  Iowa,       Springfield,  Ohio. 


BATH 


wher  EMPIRE 

takeoman  ^      Portable 
Folding  BATH 

Used   in  any  room. 
Agents    WA>fTED. 
Catalogue  Free. 
.Twfi  EMPIRE 
■'washer  CO., 
Jamestown,n,y. 

American 


Journal 


16 -p.  Weekly. 
^—^  —  ^  Sample  Free, 
O"  All  about  Bees  and  their 
profitable  care.  Best  writers. 
Oldest  beepaper;  illustrated. 

Departments  f.  r  beg-ianera 
and  for  women  bee-keepers. 
Address, 

aBORQB  W.  YORK  &  CO. 
144  <fe  146  Erie  St.  Chicago.Ilu 


AGENTS  Wanted  'washing  m 


achines. 


You  can  double  your  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

and  they  sell  easily.     We  have  sold  over   150,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years.      They 
are  cheaper  than  e^'er.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co. ,    Jamestown,  N.Y. 


The  Iowa 

Horticultural 

Paper. 

Monthly, 
50  cents 
per  year. 

It  is  unique, 
planned  on 
original  lines. 

You  cannot 
be  up-to-date 
in  fruit  growing  unless  you  read  it. 

Balance  of   this   year  free  to  new 
subscribers. 

THE  FRUITMAN, 

Mt.  Vernon,   Iowa. 


Hi 


WE   WANT 

ETcry  reader  of  the  American  Bee-K-'oer  to 
write  for  a  free  sample  copy  •{  the 

ROCKY  MOJNTAIN  BEE  JOURNAL 

Tells  you  about  Western  methods,  co-opera 
tire  honey  selling  and  the  great  big  crops  that 
hare  made  the  Alfalfa  regions  famous.  Addrew 
the  publisher, 

H.  C.  MOREHOUSE, 

Bouldet'    Colo. 
tl 

SHINE! 

The  Empire  Washer  Company,  Jamestown, 
N.  Y.  makes  a  Shine  Cabinet,  furnished  with 
foot  stand,  blacking,  russet  dressing,  shoe 
rubber— in  fact,  all  articles  and  materials  need- 
ed to  keep  shoes  looking  their  best— and  it  Is 
made  to  be  fastened  to  the  wall  of  the  toilet 
room  or  kitchen,  it  does  away  with  the  rex- 
atious  searching  after  these  articles  which  i» 
altogether  too  common.  A  postal  will  bring 
you   details   of   this   and  othi  r   good   things. 


The  Nebraska  Farm  Journal 

A  monthly  journal  devoted  to 
agricullufal  interests.  Largest 
circulation  of  any  agricultural  pa- 
per in  the  west.  It  circulates  in 
Missouri,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Iowa 
and  Colorado. 

C.  A.  DOUGLASS,  prop. 
Itf  1123  N  St.,  Lincoln,  Neb. 


AUSTRALIANS. 

NOTE  the  address— 

Pender  Bros., 

WEST  MAITLAND, 
New  South  Wales,       Australia. 

The  largest  manufacturers  of    Beekeepers' 
Supplies  in  the  Southern  Hemisphere, 
and    publishers    of   the    AUSTRALASIAN 
BEEKEEPER,   the  leading  bee  journal  south 
of  the  equator. 

Sample  copy  and  64-page  catalogue,  FREE 

6-tf 

HOMESEEKERS 

AND  INVESTORS,  who  are  interest- 
ed in  the  Southern  section  of  the 
Union,  should  subscribe  for  THE 
DIXIE  HO:\IESEEKER,  a  handsome 
illustrated  magazine,  describing  the 
Industrial  development  of  the  South, 
and  its  many  advantages  to  homeseek- 
ers  and  investors.  Sent  one  year  on 
trial  for  15c. 

Address, 

THE  DIXIE   HOMESEEKER, 
West  Appomattox,  Va 


When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


^/3/S 


Special  Notice  to  Bee=keepers !      § 

BOSTON    I 

Money  in  Bees  for  You.  S 

Catalog  Price  on  9 

ROOT^S  SUPPLIES      ^, 

Catalog  for  the  Asking.  L 

3] 

F.  H.  Farmer,  182  Friend  St.,        ^ 

[I 
6!  Boston,  Mass.  ri 

L  Up  First  Flight.  I 


PROVIDENCE  nUEENS 
ROYE  THEIR  IJoALITIES 

TO  BE 

UNEXCELLED 

Head  your  colonies  with  them. 
Use  them  to  invigorate  your  stocls. 
They  will  increase  your  profits. 
Produced  by  many  years  of  careful 
breeding.  A  circular  will  be  sent 
on  request. 

LAWRENCE   C.  MILLER, 
P.  O.Box  1113.  Providence,  R.  I. 

Put  Your  Trust  in  Providence  Queens 


2G  per  ceni,  Profit 


Pineapples,  Oranges,  Grape  Fruit 

Made  a  Specialty  for  Non-Resident  Owners 
and   Intending   Settlers   in    the 

Lovely    Lalce  Region   of  South    Florida. 

20  per  cent,   annual   return   on   investment. 

Pure  air,  pure  water,  no  mosquitoes.  Higl 
pine  and  oak  land,  bordered  by  fresh  water 
lakes,  suited  to  all  cirtus  fruits  and  pineapples. 
Good  title.  Time  payments.  Address  for  de- 
scriptive matter,  W.  E.  Pabor,  Manager  Pa- 
bor  Lake  Pineries,  Avon  Park,  Fla.  tf 


CAVEATS,  TRADE  MARKS, 
COPYRIGHTS  AND  DESIGNS. 

Send  your  business  direct  to  Washington,  i 
^      saves  time,  costs  less,  better  service. 

)     My  office  close  to  TT.  S.  Patent  Office.     FREE  preUmln- 
ary  examinations  made.    Atty's  fee  not  due  until  patent  < 
Is  secured.    PERSONAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN-19  YEARS  < 
ACTUAL  EXPERIENCE.  Book  "How  to  obtain  Patents," 
etc.,  sent  free.    Patents  procured  through  E.  G.  Siggers  ' 
receive  special    notice,    without  charge,    in    the  J 

INVENTIVE    ACE; 

illustrated  monthly— Eleventh  year— terms,  $1.  a  year,  J 

918  FSt.,  N.  W. 

, WASHINGTON,  D.  Cl 


vam%i 


If, 


Tf  'If,    BmGHAM 

-*— ■"5     has   made   aW    the   im- 
'  provemoiil:!;  in 

Bee  Smokers  and 
Honey  Knives 

made  in  ilie   last  20   years,  uiid()iil)t(-;lly 
he  makes  the  best  on  earth. 

Smoke  Engine,   4  inch  stove,   none  too  larg^,   .'<eiit 

postpaid,  per  mail ?  1  £>0 

i\(<  inch ].1(J 

Knife,  80  cents.  3  inch 1.00 

2 ^^  inch 90 

r.  F.Bingham,  ^inch  to 

Farwell,  Mich. 


Little  Wonder,  2  in.     .65 


Patent  Wired  Comb  Foundation 

has  no  sag  in  brood  frames. 

TMn  Flat  Bottom  Fouidatioi 

has  HO  Fish-bone  in   Surplus   Honey. 

Being  the  cleanest  is  usually  worked  the 
quickest  of  any  foundation  made.  The  talk 
about  wiring  frames  seems  absurd.  We  furnish 
a  Wired  Foundation  that  is  Better,  Cheaper 
and  not  half  the  trouble  to  use  that  it  is  to 
wire   brood   frames. 

Circulars    and    samples    free. 

J.    VAN  DEUSEN    <£  SONS, 

Sole    Manufacturers 
Montgomery  Co.,  Sprout  Brook,  N.  Y. 


I.  J.  STRINGHAM, 

105  Park  Place, 
NEW     YORK . 
Furnishes  everything  a  bee-keeper  uses.     We  endeavor  to  have 
our  Hne  of  suppHes  include  the  most  practical  articles.     Full  col- 
onies of  bees.     Nuclei  colonies  and  queens  in  season,       Discount 
for  early  orders. 
Apiaries.     Glen  Cove,  L.  I.  Catalog  free. 


Bee  Supplies  Exclusively 

A  complete  line  of  Lewis'  fine  Bee  I  Bingham's   Original   Patent   Smokers 

supplies.  and  Knives. 

Dadant's  Foundation.  I  Root's  Extractors,  Gloves,  Veils,  etc. 

Queen  Bees  and  Nuclei  in  Season.  In   fact   anytliing   needed    in   the    "Bee- 
Line,"  at 

FACTORY  PRICES  HERE  IN  CINCINNATI 

Where  prompt  service  is  yours,  and     freight  rates  are  lowest.     Special  dis- 
count for  early  orders.     Send  for  cata  log. 

THE   FRED  W.  MUTH   COMPANY 

(We're  Successors  to  Nobody,   nor  Nobody's  Successors  to  Us.) 

51  WALNUT  STREET  CINCINNATI,  OHIO 


3  an(f  5=Banded  Italian 
and  Carniolan  Queens. 

Say  friends,  you  who  have  support- 
ed us  during  the  past  season,  we 
desire  to  express  our  thanks  for 
your  patronage  in  the  past,  and 
respectfully  solicit  a  continuance  of 
your  valued  favors  through  the  sea- 
son of  1904. 

Our  queens  now  stand  upon  their 
merits  and  former  record.  We  are 
preparing  for  next  season,  and  seek- 
ing the  patronage  of  large  apiarists 
and  dealers.  We  do  not  claim  that 
our  queens  are  superior  to  all  oth- 
ers, but  that  they  are  as  good  as 
the  best.  We  will  furnish  from  one 
to  a  thousand  at  the  following 
prices:  ""^sted  of  either  race,  $1; 
one  unte  d,  75c.,  5  for  $3.25,  lo 
for  $6,  15  for  $8.25,  25  for  $12.50,- 50 
for  $23.50,  100  for  $45. 
For  descrii)tive  circulars  address, 

JOHN  W.  PHARR,  Prop., 

New  Century  Queen  Rearing  Co.,  Ber- 
clair,  Goliad  Co.,  Texas. 

W.  B.  VAUGAN, 

NEWBURGH,    N.   Y. 

Agent  for  The  W.   T.   Falconer   Mfg. 

Go's. 

BEE=KEEPERS'   SUPPLIES. 

Jy-4  Catalogue  free. 


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Subscription  Agencies. 

Subscriptions  for  the  Ameri- 
can Bee-Keeper  may  be  entered 
through  any  of  the  following 
agents,  when  more  convenient 
than  remitting  to  our*  offices  at 
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town, N.  Y.: 

J.  E.  Jonhson,  Williamsfield, 
11. 

The  Fred  W.  Muth  Company, 
51  Walnut  St.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

T.  Phillips,  Johnsonville,  N.  Y. 

John  W.   Pharr,   Berclair,  Tex. 

W.  O.  Victor,  Wharton,  Texas. 

Miss  S.  Swan,  Port  Burwell, 
Ontario. 

G.  A.  Nunez,  Stann  Creek, 
British  Honduras. 

Walter  T.  Mills,  Burnham,  N. 
Rochester,  Kent  Co.,  Ivan  House, 
England. 

G.  J.  S.  Small,  Marton,  Wang- 
anui,  New  Zealand. 

H.  H.  Robinson,  Independencia 
16,  Matanzas,   Cuba. 


®©«50©©O©<^®€9®©f)O©€>OO  0©©00©< 


Vol.  XIV 


MARCH,  1904. 


No.  s 


A  NEW  YORK  APIARY. 


An  Apiarist  Tells  of  His  Experience  and  Methods  in  Treating  Foul  Brood. 

Other  Information. 

BY  P.  W.  STAHLMAN. 


MR.  HILL,  Dear  Sir:— When  I 
read  The  Bee-Keeper,  which 
comes  to  me  regularly,  I  cannot: 
help  being  interested  and  benefited 
by  reading  the  articles  which  it  con- 
tains. I  herewith  send  you  a  photo 
of  the  apiary  of  F.  G.  Hinman,  of  Gal- 
lupville,  N.  Y.,  of  which  I  was  the 
apiarist  this  season — 1903.  The  per- 
son standing  is  the  proprietor,  a  man 
of  good  business  qualHie;-!,  a  man  of 
his  M'ord,  and  one  that  admires  a 
tasty-looking  apiary,  and  every  pai't 
of  it  kept  up  in  order.  The  person  sit- 
ting on  the  hive  is  the  writer,  "ion 
will  notice  I  am  holding  a  ramons 
rabbit  dog,  but  unfortunately  the  little 
fellow  turned  his  head  .iust  as  the  pic- 
ture was  taken  and  therefoi'e  is  no 
good. 

As  you  will  see,  the  apiary  is  located 
In  an  apple  orchard  on  quite  level 
ground.  The, hives  are  all  in  rows, 
which  permits  the  use  of  a  lawn 
mower.  They  are  of  the  L  size  and 
the  apiary  is  run  for  comb  honey  prin- 
cipally; but  if  there  are  any  weak  col- 
onies they  are  run  for  extracted 

When  I  say  that  bees  in  this  vicinity 
are  kept  on  business  principles  you 
may  think  I  may  be  throwing  a  hint 
that  only  bees  here  are  run  I'ight.  But 
let  me  tell  you  when  a  man  keeps  bees 
where  the  ruins  of  foul  brood  have  ex- 
isted for  six  years  (and  still  exists),  he 


must  do  things  pretty  near  right  or  the 
result  will  be  failure  every  time.  The 
yard  in  view  has  been  diseased  quite 
badly,  but  has  been  rid  of  the  disease 
and  the  whole  apiary  of  126  colonies 
are  in  winter  quarters  in  good  shape. 
We  have  tried  all  sorts  oF  cures  for 
foul  brood,  the  formaldehyde  cure  in- 
cluded, and  as  to  formaldehyde  curing 
foul  brood  to  perfection,  I  am  not 
ready  to  say  that  it  will.  We  have 
made  tests  all  along  this  line,  giving 
double  doses  and  every  other  wa.v.  To 
cure  is  easy,  but  to  stay  cured  is  an- 
other thing  not  quite  so  eas.v.  We 
have  experimented  to  our  satisfaction, 
taking  all  the  brood  and  hone.v  from 
an  infected  colony  and  fumigating  for 
11/0  hours,  then  air  the  combs  well  and 
return  to  the  same  bees.  M^hich  result- 
ed in  doing  much  good,  but  did  not  kill 
all  of  the  germs,  as  a  little  of  the  dis- 
ease remained  during  the  entire  sea- 
son. We  also  treated  combs  of  honey 
(sealed  and  unsealed)  in  the  same 
manner  and  filled  a  hive  full  of  such 
combs  and  put  a  swarm  on  those 
combs  with  good  re><ults.  No  signs  of 
disease  appeared  during  the  entire  sea- 
son. But  the  only  plan  in  which  we 
have  gi'eat  confidence  is  to  tier  the  in- 
fected combs  of  brood  over  a  colony 
that  is  slightly  affected  (but  quite 
strong  in  bees)  and  keep  the  queen  out 
of  all  the  combs  above  by  means  of  a 


46 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


March 


queen  exchider,  and  after  the  good 
brood  has  hatched  out  and  the  bees 
have  cleaned  out  the  dried  out  larvae 
(which  they  will  do  if  the  bees  are 
good  Italians),  and  the  combs  have 
been  filled  by  bees  with  honey  and 
then  extracted  once  or  twice.  Then 
let  the  bees  clean  up  the  combs  so 
as  to  have  them  dry  and  then  ap- 
ply gas  good  and  strong-.  We 
arc  quite  sure  a  cure  has  been  effected 
in  this  way  and  these  combs  may  be 
used  without  fear.  I  am  also  sure  that 
by  shaking  the  bees  just  at  night  when 
all  have     ceased  to  fly  and     using  a 


all  the  bees  in  front  of  the  hive  they 
are  to  occupy.  In  most  cases  the  bees 
will  have  a  few  combs  built  during  the 
three  days,  and  if  any  are  jarred  out 
in  jarring  the  bees,  3nake  quick  v/ork 
in  getting  these  little  combs  away 
from  the  bees,  as  there  may  be  a  little 
honey  in  them,  which  they  should  not 
be  allowed  to  get. 

It  will  be  understood  by  taking  these 
bees  in  the  box  and  quietly  and  quick- 
ly jarring  them  out,  they  cannot 
fill  themselves  with  honey  as  they  can 
if  smoked.  Of  course  they  will  -  be 
quite  cross  now,  and  you  will  want  to 


MR.  HINMAN'S  APIARY. 


large  newspaper  to  shake  the  bees 
on,  after  the  bees  are  all  lu  the 
hive  take  the  paper  with  what  dead 
bees  (and  drops  of  honey  if  there  be 
any)  and  burn  at  once,  will  make 
doubly  sure  work  of  it. 

I  prefer  a  box  hive  to  shake  the  bees 
as  there  are  no  frames  to  bother  with 
and  after  they  have  been  in  this  box 
for  three  days  then  get  the  frame  hive 
ready  and  at  night  (or  rather  in  the 
evening  late)  take  the  box  with  the 
treated  bees  without  smoke,  lift  it 
carefully  and  at  one  good  jar  dislodge 


step  back;  and  if  they  still  show  war 
you  can  take  to  your  heels  or  use  your 
smoker,  as  the  bees  are  now  away 
from  the  honey. 

One  of  the  greatest  points  in  curing 
the  bees  is  to  get  along  with  them  just 
as  quietly  as  possible,  and  have  their 
location  so  distinctly  marked  in  some 
way  that  they  will  not  mix  with  other 
colonies.  All  old  queens  should  be  re- 
placed with  young  ones  -ind  all  black 
bees  and  queens  gotten  rid  of,  also  all 
hybrids  done  away  with  the  greatest 
of  speed. 


1904  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER 

3   I    emphatically  aud    unhesitatingly 
say   you   cannot  get  a'.oii.ij   with    loul 


47 


brood  by  having  a  lot  of  black  and 
hybrid  bees.  At  least,  not  in  my 
locality. 

I  rear  my  own  queens,  and  then  I 
know  what  I  have.  I  have  little 
faith  in  paying  one  dollar  each  for  a 
lot  of  cull  queens.  I  much  prefer  to 
rear  them  myself,  then  I  know  just 
what  to  look  for — a  pretty  good  lot  of 
queens,  I  am  sure.  As  regards  hives, 
each  ha.s  its  friends  and  enemies.  I 
may  some  time  in  future  send  you  a 
photo  of  my  queen  rearing  outfit  with 
article  concerning  it. 

Gallupville,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  21,  1903. 


CHUNK  HONEY. 


Four-  Piece    Sections  versus   One-Piece.    T-Supers 

versus  Wide-Frame  Supers. 

By  F.  Greiner. 

MR.  EDITOR:  The  production  of 
chunk  honey  has  become  quite 
a  hobby,  or  perhaps  business, 
with  the  bee-keepers  in  Texas,  I  siip- 
pose. 

If  we  and  all  other  bee-keepers 
would  go  to  producing  that  kind  of 
honey,  the  section  problem  would  be 
solved,  causing  perhaps  half  the  siip- 
ply  manufacturers  to  shut  down.  For 
the  consuming  public  possibly  this 
might  be  a  good  thing,  providing  we 
coidd  educate  the  people  to  accept 
chunk-honey  in  place  of  section  honey. 

From  private  customers  in'  my 
vicinity  I  have  more  call  for  chunk- 
honey  (without  the  extracted  article  be- 
ing poured  over  it)  than  for  any  other 
kind.  Furthermore  I  can  with  advan- 
tage produce  it.  With  the  regular  stock 
of  chunk-honey  as  produced  in  Texas 
there  is  a  great  drawback  <'on'!ectcd, 
which  is  much  more  serious  than  it  is 
with  the  extracted  kind,  viz:  the  comb 
honey,  with  the  extracted  poured  on  it, 
becomes  one  .solid  mass  as  soon  as  the 
season  advances,  and  cannot  well  be 
liquefied  again.  It  is  not  probable  that 
this  difficulty  will  be  overcome  in  the 
near  future  and  for  this  rmson.  if  no 
other,  section  honey  will  be  in  demand 
for  a  long  while. 

The  consumers  will  care  nothing 
whether  the  honey  he  eats  was  pro- 
duced in  four-piece  or  in  folding  sec- 
tions; that  will  be  a  matter  of  conven- 


ience for  the  producer.  We  have  used 
the  four-piece  sections  before  the  one- 
piece  sections  came  into  fashion,  and 
have  not  had  any  reason  to  be  sorry 
for  adopting  the  folding  kind.  It 
i.s  very  true,  sometimes  a  batch 
of  sections  does  not  fold  true.  When 
the  grooves  are  not  cut  right,  sections 
cannot  fold  true  and  cannot  be  made 
to  stay  .square  without  being  held  in 
shape  until  filled.  Why  a  four-piece 
section  should  not  come  true  I  fail  to 
see,  as  it  will  easily  conform  to  any 
shape,  diamond  or  square.  In  fact 
the  four-piece  sections  will  solve  the 
problem  of  .sections  coming  square 
every  time.  Even  with  the  T-super 
the  four-piece  section  would  work 
nicely  as  far  as  keeping  its  shape, 
while  the  one-piece  section,  (if  it  does 
not  hold  square)  can  make  us  lots  of 
trouble.  When  it  comes  to  taking  the 
filled  sections  from  T-supers  the  dif- 
ficulty we  have  experienced  was  al- 
ways with  the  dovetailed  corner  of  our 
one-piece  sections.  The  bottom  of 
section  is  generally  so  glued  down 
to  the  T,  and  in  the  attempt  to  sep- 
arate the  two  the  bottom  would 
pull  oft'  at  the  dovetailed  corner 
and  break  the  bottom  row  of 
cells.  If  such  is  the  case  with  a  sec- 
tion that  has  but  one  dovetailed  cor- 
?^er.  will  not  our  trouble  be  multiplied 
with  a  section  having  four  such  cor- 
ners? By  way  of  explanation  would 
say,  that  it  has  been  our  practice  to  so 
place  sections  in  the  supers  that  the 
dovetailed  corner  is  down.  We  do  not 
wish  to  have  it  show  when  the  honey 
is  crated.  We  followed  the  same  rule 
when  filling  our  T-supers,  of  which, 
fortunately,  we  have  only  40  in  use, 
and  these  Ave  do  not  use  except  on  a 
pinch,  when  all  others  are  used  up. 
We  have  experienced  another  difficulty 
with  the  T-super.  and  in  this  also  the 
dovetailed  corners,  because  of  their  be- 
ing sharper  or  coming  to  a  sharper 
corner  than  the  others,  increased  this 
viz:  When  sliding  the  sections  into 
their  places  between  the  T-rests  the 
corners  of  sections  would  catch  on 
them.  A  section  pulled  out  of  the  cen- 
ter of  a  filled  T-super  can  be  replaced 
only  with  diificulty  on  this  account. 
While  speaking  of  the  undesiral)le  fea- 
tures of  the  T-super  I  want  to  mention 
this  other.  We  have  to  be  very  careful 
how  we  handle  them  when  ready  for 
the  bees.     When  one     accidentallv  or 


48 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


March 


carelessly  sets  a  T-super  down  ou  some 
rough  surface,  perhaps  3own  into  the 
grass  by  the  shade  of  a  hive,  and  he 
finds  a  dozen  or  more  sections  pushed 
up  partly — how  trying  it  is  for  one  in 
the  hurry  of  the  work  to  get  that 
super  back  in  shape.  Even  when  a  T- 
super  is  filled  with  honey  it  must  be 
handled  with  greater  care  than  any 
other  one  on  account  of  sections  not 
being  protected  from  the  bottom. 

As  to  the  one-piece  section  getting 
glued  up  worse  than  the  four-piece 
section,  this  is  a  most  insignificant 
matter.  If  Mr.  Heddon  will  try  no- 
bee-way  sections  he  will  experience  no 
trouble  in  their  becoming  glued  up 
seriously,  providing  he  uses  wide- 
fi'ame  supers,  which  is  the  only  super 
I  consider  worth  having  in  a  large  bee 
yard  where  time  is  considered  money. 
Mr.  Heddon  also  prefers  a  section  of 
hard  wood.  I  have  suggested  soft 
maple  as  a  suitable  timber  for  the  pur- 
pose, some  years  ago.  I  was  prompted 
to  do  so  because  I  felt  we  ought  to 
save  the  linden  for  bee  pasturage.  Of 
course  hard  timber  does  not  soil  as 
easily  as  soft  basswood  and  water 
does  not  soak  into  hard  wood  easily, 
but  we  have  no  occasion  to  wash  our 
sections  in  order  to  get  them  clean.  So 
far  as  that  is  concerned,  basswood  an- 
swers the  purpose  very  well.  The 
principal  gluing  always  occurs  along 
the  top-bars  of  our  wide  frames  where 
the  bottom  bars  sag  a  little,  thus  form- 
ing a  gap  between  the  tops  of  sections 
and  the  top-bar  of  the  wide  frames. 
For  this  reason  I  would  now  make  bot- 
tom-bars of  frames  fully  as  heavy  as 
top-bars,  or  make  the  frames  shorter 
so  as  to  take  only  three  sections  in- 
stead of  four.  The  gluing  with  one- 
piece  sections  could  not  possibly  be 
any  worse  than  with  four-piece  sec- 
tions, and  the  soiling  would  be  slight 
whether  hard  wood  or  soft  wood  was 
used  for  sections.  The  reason  why 
there  is  so  much  difference  between 
bee-keepers  on  the  same  subjects  may 
be  attributed  to  tile  fact  that  the 
notions  of  different  men  are  unlike. 
Some  will  get  along  with  little  imper- 
fections in  a  certain  line,  others  would 
not;  and  then  again  other  imperfec- 
tions they  will  make  a  big  fuss  over 
t!ie  others  would  count  naught.  So  it 
happens  that  the  majority  of  bee- 
keepers put  up  with  the  Italian  bee  al- 


though they  well  know  their  coml> 
honey  is  not  to  be  compared  with  that 
of  the  black  or  Carniolan  bee.  As  G. 
M.  Doolittle  says:  "The  honey  the 
Italians  make  is  'good  enough,'  "  and 
so  I  might  say,  soft  wood  sections  are 
good  enough.  As  to  one-  and  Tour-sec- 
tions, I  would  give  a  little  more  for 
the  former  rather  than  use  latter,  but 
of  course  if  the  former  cannot  be  ob- 
tained I  would  not  hesitate  to  use  the 
latter. 

Naples,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  15,  1903. 

♦-•-♦^ 

MANIPULATION. 


Variable     Results    from     Different     Methods    and 
Races  of  Bees.    Characteristics  Viewed  from  the 
Standpoint  of  Sentiment  and  Science. 
By  Arthur  C.  Miller. 

IT  WAS  with  some  surprise  that  I 
read  Dr.  Blanton's  comments  in 
the  January  Bee-Keeper  on  the 
Cyprian  bees.  In  my  own  apiaries  I 
find  them  most  tractable  when  proper- 
ly handled.  I  say  "properly  handled" 
because  they  do  resent  the  treatment 
generally  given  to  bees.  I  handle 
Cyprians  as  freely  as  Carniolans,  do  it 
bare  faced  and  bare  handed  and  in 
fact  on  account  of  their  tractability 
and  beauty  use  them  for  show  bees 
and  do  not  hesitate  to  show  them  to 
visitors  even  when  the  latter  are  with- 
out veil  and  gloves. 

But  this  article  is  not  to  extol  the 
merits  of  any  race  or  strain  of  bees 
but  to  treat  of  causes  of  trouble  in 
handling  bees.  Do  any  two  persons 
handle  bees  the  same?  I  almost  be- 
lieve not.  With  smoker  belobiug  clouds 
of  pungent,  suffocating  vapor,  one 
operator  will  assail  the  hive  like  a 
Chinese  fanatic  demolishing  devils. 
The  poor  bees  are  driven  helter-skelter 
first  from  the  entrance  and  then  from 
the  tops  of  the  frames.  By  the  time 
the  first  frame  is  out  the  bees  are  in 
a  tremendous  furor,  rushing  to  and 
fro  in  a  vain  endeavor  to  escape  the 
all-pervading  smoke.  And  the  operator 
wonders  why  it  is  so  hard  to  find  the 
queen! 

Try  such  treatment  with  Cyprians 
and  the  poor  misguided  operator  will 
go  onto  the  retired  list  for  many  a  day. 
Iry  it  with  "Blacks"  and  they  will  de- 
sert the  hive  and  scatter  to  the  four 
winds — till  some  more  convenient  sea- 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


49 


son.  With  Syrians  it  moans  a  fight  to 
a  finisli.  With  most  Italians  and  with 
Caruiolans  it  is  comidete  subjugation 
up  to  a  point,  beyond  whicli  they  fight. 
With  all  it  is  a  grevious  mistake.  An- 
other operator  will  go  to  the  other  ex- 
treme and  fail  to  use  smoke  at  the  crit- 
ical periods.  Then  some  strike  the 
Iiappy  medium,  have  a  well  charged, 
well  burning  smoker,  use  it  just  as  lit- 
tle a,s  possible  and  yet  enough,  and 
control  the  bees  readily  and  perfectly. 
One  man  will  be  filled  with  senseless 
fear,  another  will  view  his  work 
rationally,  study  and  know  the  va- 
garies of  his  strain  of  bees  and  act 
accordingly,  for  difl'erent  strains  and 
races  react  differently  to  the  stimulus 
of  smoke. 

It  is  the  currently  accepted  belief 
that  smoke  "frightens"  bees.  It  is 
doubtful  if  bees  "fear"  anything.  It  is 
probable  that  smoke  simply  acts  as  a 
nerve  excitant,  producing  disturbing 
sensations,  which  in  turn  react  and 
cause  the  bees  to  gorge  with  honey  or 
to  precipitately  flee.  I  question 
whether  the  talfing  of  food  under  such 
circumstances  is  anytMng  more  than 
a  nervous  reaction.  There  is  nothing 
but  sentiment  to  suggest  that  on  the 
bees'  part  there  is  forethought  of  loss 
of  home  or  food.  When  smoked  ex- 
cessively the  bee  ifights;  "sacrificing 
herself  for  the  sake  of  home  and  sis- 
ters" the  legend  runs.  But  'tis  hardly 
true.  A  point  has  been  reached  in 
nerve  excitation  where  the  sting  mech- 
anism is  ,stimiil:ited.  As  ail  i)arts 
work  in  unison  .so  must  tlie  bee  fly  to- 
wards that  which  excites  the  nerves  of 
the  eyes  and  on  striking  the  object  the 
rest  of  the  actions  occur  in  regular  se- 
quence. 

The  bee  possesses  a  highly  developed 
nervouf^  system  but  its  power  of  asso- 
ciative memory  is  decidedly  limited. 
Beyond  finding  its  way  to  the  source 
of  nectar  or  food  supply  and  back  to 
its  domicile  and  noticing  any  marked 
change  in  the  appearance  or  suiTound- 
ings  thereof,  I  have  failed  to  note  any 
evidence  of  a  "'mind"  in  bees.  Every 
other  function  can  be  explained  per- 
fectly as  reactions  to  excitants  or 
nerve  stimuli. 

To  revert  to  sting  action.  The  appli- 
cation of  ,smoke  or  heat  can  be  carried 
to  a  point  where  the  bee  doubles  up 
until  it  stings  itself,  or  of  when  forced 


almost  to  this,  the  abdomen  be  severed 
from  the  thorax,  the  anterior  part  of 
the  body  still  continues  to  assail  and 
cling  as  before,  while  the  posterior 
part  curves  and  the  sting  dart§  out 
ami  in  as  if  the  abdomen  was  still  con- 
nected with  the  thorax. 

Someone  may  ask  me  to  reconcile 
these  views  with  the  action  of  the 
"guards"  which  dart  so  readily  from 
the  hive  entrance  at  any  moving  ob- 
ject. The  movements  excite  (set  in 
action)  the  optic  nerves,  which  in  turn 
react  on  the  organs  of  flight.  The  bee 
approaches  the  object  and  if  the  latter 
causes  continued  or  increased  nerve 
stimulation,  either  through  the  organs 
of  Slight,  smell,  hearing  or  touch,  the 
sequence  is  assault. 

Why  do  bees  feed  the  larvae  ?  They 
have  to.  They  cannot  help  themselves. 

This  article  is  but  the  merest  al- 
lusion to  the  laws  underlying  all  life. 
With  man  and  the  higher  animals  as- 
sociative memory  and  reasoning  enter 
into  the  ]iroblem  but  with  the  lewder 
orders  movements  are  merely  the  re- 
sults of  various  stimuli  (such  as  heat, 
light  electricity,  gravity,  touch,  etc.) 
acting  on  living  tissues. 

When  we  can  rid  ourselves  of  the  old 
beliefs  of  the  reasoning  power  of  bees, 
of  a  lot  of  unknown  but  supposedly 
marvelous  and  complex  laws,  and  go 
to  searching  for  the  stimuli  behind 
each  action  we  may  then  hope  for  a 
speedy  .solution  of  the  swarming  prob- 
lem and  similar  perplexing  questions — 
and  not  before. 

Providence,  R.  I..  .Tan.  2?,.  1904. 
«-•-'* 

In  concluding  a  I'ecent  letter,  the 
editor  of  one  of  the  leading  foreign 
bee  journals  says:  "Allow  me  to  add 
with  what  real  pleasure  I  studv  your 
most  excellent  American  Bee-Keeper 
every  month.  You  have  good  reason 
to  be  prond  of  your  publication,  so  full 
it  is  of  valuable  teaching,  so  cleverly 
edited,  so  attractive  in  form,  .so  fresh 
and  inspiriting  from  month  to  month." 

The  word  honeymoon  comes  to  us 
from  the  ancients,  among  whom  it  was 
the  custom  to  drink  diluted  honey  for 
thirty  days  or  a  moon's  age,  after  a 
wedding  feast. — Ex. 

Have  you  noticed  our  special  offer 
on  another  page?  An  excellent  agri- 
cultural journal  free  to  our  readers. 


5.0 


THE    AMERICAN 
FORMALIN. 


BEE-KEEPER. 


Marcli 


A  Method  of    Its    Application    Suggested    Within  a 
Hive  Occupied  by  the  Bees. 

By  J.  E.  Johnson. 

THE  question  of  foul  brood  is  cer- 
tainly an  important  one  to  all 
who  keep  bees;  ami  any  infor- 
mation upon  the  subject  ought  to  be 
welcomed  by  every  up-to-date  bee- 
keeper. This  matter  of  applying  gas  to 
a  colony  of  live  bees  to  kill  the  germs 
and  spores  of  disease  and  not  injure 
the  bees  or  hinder  them  from  work 
means  much  if  it  can  be  done  suc- 
cessfully. Without  giving  the  matter 
much  serious  thought,  or  without  a 
full  understanding  of  germ  life,  or 
the  real  cause  of  why  or  how  germs 
are  killed  by  gas,  it  would  seem  impos- 
sible, but  I  am  very  confident  that  it 
is  not  only  possible  but  practicable. 
Let  us  then  first  see  if  we  fully  under- 
stand what  formalin  or  or  formalde- 
hyde is. 

Formaldehyde  is  a  gas.  This  gas 
can  be  mixed  Avith  water  only  to 
an  extent  of  40  per  cent.  This  solu- 
tion is  then  called  formalin  or  formal- 
dehyde solution.  A  formaldehyde  so- 
lution may  be  of  10,  20  or  40  per  cent, 
strength  but  it  is  properly  called  for- 
malin, only  when  40  per  cent, 
strength.  The  gas  may  be  driven 
from  this  solution  by  heat  or  it  may  be 
applied  cold,  and  as  the  water  evapor- 
ates the  gas  is  set  free. 

There  are  only  two  gases  that  are 
good  gei-macides.  The  gas  from  burn- 
ing sulphur  will  unite  with  the  water 
of  the  air  to  produce  sulphurous  acid, 
hence  it  is  a  germacide.  The  gas  foi'- 
maldehyde  is  a  germacide  because 
when  in  the  air  it  combines  with  free 
oxygen  to  produce  formic  acid.  So  in 
either  case  it  is  the  acid  that  kills 
germs,  not  the  gas  at  all.  Many  think 
that  Itecause  sulphurous  gas  is  deadly 
to  all  animal  life  foi-maldehyde  must 
necessarily  be  the  same:  but  such  is 
not  the  case.  One  god  long  whiff  of 
.sulphurous  gas  may  kill  any  animal 
because  it  fills  the  lungs  and  stays 
there,  thus  cutting  off  all  oxygen.  The 
longest  man  can  live  without  the  oxy- 
gen of  the  air  is  five  minutes,  hence 
death  would  result  from  want  of  oxy- 
gen.    But   formaldehyde  is  of  a  dif- 


ferent nature.  It  can  be  inhaled  along 
with  the  air  without  serious  injury, 
that  is  to  quite  an  extent.  The  injury 
would  be  principally  irritation  from 
the  acid.  In  a  medical  college  of 
this  state  this  matter  was  tested. 
By  way  of  experiment  a  dog  was 
placed  in  a  room  and  formaldehyde 
Avas  applied  quite  strong  for  24 
hours.  The  dog  was  not  injured  ex- 
cept nose,  eyes,  mouth  and  lungs  were 
much  irritated  but  soon  recovered  so 
as  to  eat  a  good  meal.  Now  if  we 
should  apidy  a  40  per  cent,  solution  of 
formaldehyde  on  a  piece  of  cotton  and 
place  on  the  bottom  board  of  a  hiA'e 
containing  live  bees,  protected  with 
wire  screen  so  that  bees  would  not 
come  in  direct  contact  with  the 
solution  (it  would  burn  them),  this  gas 
would  bo  gradually  set  free  and  would 
combine  with  the  air  in  all  parts  of  the 
hive  even  through  the  l)rood,  as  brood 
contains  air  Avhether  live  or  dead. 
Hence  it  would  be  effective.  Now 
spores  are  hard  to  kill  when  dr.v.  but 
in  this  case  all  spores  would  be  in  a 
condition  of  rapid  germination  and 
would  be  very  much  easier  killed  than 
when  combs  alone  were  fumigated. 
The  spores  are  the  seeds  and 
when  in  the  right  pabulum  of 
proper  temperature  and  moisture,  will 
germinate,  somewhat  similar  to 
other  seeds:  and  av  h  e  n  in  this 
stage  of  development  they  are  easily 
killed  by  any  good  bactericide,  hence 
the  great  advantage  of  this  mode  of 
treatment,  as  bees  Avould  furnish  the 
necessary   heat,  moisture,  etc. 

However,  if  a  40  per  cent,  solution 
be  thus  applied  the  bees  would  suffer 
and  Avould  probably  -desert  the  hive 
unless  given  lots  of  air  aboA^e  and  be- 
low brood  chamber,  but  if  a  weaker 
solution  be  applietl  it  would  no  doubt 
be  as  effective  and  less  offensive  to  the 
bees.  As  an  illustration,  one  ounce  of 
20  per  cent,  solution  would  contain  as 
mur-h  gas.  and  would  yield  as  muc5 
acid  as  one-half  oiince  of  40  per  cent, 
solution,  only  it  Avould  be  slower.  Also 
tAVO  ounces  of  10  per  cent,  solution 
would  equal  the  same.  Anyone  trying 
this  method  should  experiment  in  a 
small  Avay  to  ,see  how  strong  a  gas  the 
bees  woidd  put  up  with.  Raise 
cover  a  trifle  to  create  a  -draught. 
Weather  should  be  warm,  and  soultion 
be  applied  frequently  for  some  time  so 


1904 
as  to  have 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


coutiuuous  forming  ol" 
acid,  probably  every  two  or  tiiree  days 
for  10  or  15  days  would,  be  right.  The 
strength  of  solution  to  be  used  would 
depend  on  the  weather  and  the  amount 
of  ventilation  given,  but  I  would  sug- 
gest that  a  10  or  20  per  cent,  solution 
be  used.  Ten  per  cent  would  be  best 
to  begin  with.  Ask  a  good  physician 
to  get  the  solution  for  you,  then  you 
will  get  what  you  ox-der.  Get  a  40  per 
cent  solution  and  reduce  it  by  adding 
water.  The  solution  should  be  handled 
with  care.  Any  good  physician  can 
give  you  further  information  as  to 
how  to  handle  it. 

There  are  such  things  as  disease 
germs  of  animal  life  but  they  belong- 
to  a  different  family.  All  bacteria, 
ferments  and  fungi  are  of  vegetable 
life  and  should  be  treated  as  plants. 
They  neither  live  nor  die  from  the 
same  causes  as  animals.  Some  prep- 
arations will  kill  both  animal  and  veg- 
etable life  but  usually  not  from  the 
same  cause  or  in  the  same  way. 

Williamsfield.  111..  Feb.  1.  1904. 

♦-•-♦ 

SECTIONAL  HIVES. 


efficiency 
chamber 


As  to  Their  Influence  Upon  the  Strength  of  Colo- 
nies, etc.  A  Friendly  Criticism  of  Mr.  McNears 
Position  in  the   Matter. 

By  E.  F.  Atwater. 

ITH  the  added  experience  of 
another      honey -harvest     I 
reaffirm    laiy  belief     in  the 
of  large  non-sectional  brood- 
hives,"  says  W.   W.   McNeil 
in   October   Bee-Keeper. 

Right  you  are,  for  many  localities, 
Mr.  McNeal,  about  the  large  hives,  but 
hold  on,  that  "non-sectional"  part  I  am 
not  so  sure  about. 

"Repeated  failure  of  this  hive  (sec- 
tional) to  give  that  numerical  strength 
of  colony  early  in  the  season  that  is  so 
necessary  to  success."  How,  oh,  how 
did  it  happen  so?  My  sectional  brood 
chnmbers  do  not  "fail"  here. 

In  fact  there  is  less  waste  space  in 
the  Heddon  sectional  hive  than  in  the 
standard  L.  However,  waste  space  at 
ends  of  frames  has  little  to  do  with  it, 
one  way  or  another.  The  vital  point  is 
in  the  amount  of  waste  space  between 
the  combs  in  one  case  and  the  set  of 


51 

combs  above  or  below.  This  must  be 
reduced  to  a  minimum  to  secure  the 
best  results. 

Mr.  McNeal,  tell  us  please,  the  exact 
thickness  of  the  top-bars  in  your 
sectional  hives  and  the  exact  thick- 
ness of  the  bottom  bars.  Also  were 
your  combs  built  down  to  the  bot- 
tom bars?  With  thick  top  bars,  combs 
not  built  down  to  bottom  bars, 
and  rather  thick  bottom  bars  I  should 
expect  bad  results.  I  fail  to  see 
where  "climatic  condition"  or  "floral 
surroundings"  have  anything  to  do 
with  the  case. 

.T.  B.  Hall  uses  the  sectional  hive  in 
Ontario,  L.  Stachelhausen  uses  it  in 
Texas, 

"Recourse  to  the  sugar  barrel  is  the 
real  life  of  the  method."  How  so?  It 
is  not  so  with  me. 

In  extracting  our  thick,  gummy 
honey,  new  combs,  full  depth,  built  on 
foundation  are  often  torn  and  dam- 
aged, while  the  shallow  combs  are  un- 
harmed. Then  what  perfect  combs  we 
get  in  the  shallow  frames,  every  cell 
available  for  worker  brood,  and  no 
sagging 

"The  big  colonies  in  the  big  hives 
are  able  to  take  care  of  themselves  to 
such  an  extent  that  the  real  need  of 
handling  the  brood  combs  is  reduced 
to  a  minimum." 

True,  again,  and  .lust  as  true  of  my 
big  colonies  in  my  big  sectional  brood 
chamlier  hives,  and  when  I  do  want  to 
know  the  exact  condition  of  my  colo- 
nies how  handy  it  is  to  pi-y  apart  the 
sections  of  the  brood  nest,  and  see  at 
a  glance  the  exact  condition.  How- 
ever, I  use  hundreds  of  L  hives,  con- 
.iointly  with  the  sectional  hives,  for  I 
doubt  that  it  would  pay  to  change  for 
extracting  alone.  I  shall  use  no  more 
clo,sed-end  frames  in  extracting  hives. 

I  see  some  very  decided  advantages 
if?  the  use  of  sectional  hives,  and  some 
disadvantages,  but  the  failure  to  pro- 
duce strong  colonies  in  them  is  not  one 
of  the  disadvantages.  The  shallow 
cases  are  adapted  to  a  great  many  sim- 
ple .systems  of  management,  biit  net 
so  with  the  deep  hives. 

I  fear  that  in  a  locality  where  foul 
brood  is  prevalent,  the  shallow  cases 
Avould  be  objectionable,  owing  to  the 
time  required  to  make  a  thorough  ex- 
amination of  each  comb. 

Boise,  Idaho,  Dec.  7,  1903. 


HEES    WORKING   ON   CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 
This  beautiful  picture  was  taken  November  3,  1903,  by  Mr.  Dick- 
son D.  Alley,  a  prominent  photographer  of  New  York  City. 
We    have   other    equally    good    subjects    from    Mr.    Alley's 
camera,  to  appear  in  these  columns. 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


53 


PHACELIA  TANACETIFOLIA. 


A  Pretty  Story  of  California's  New  Honey  Plant. 
By  Henry  E.  Horn. 

YEARS  AGO,  when  I  first  began 
bee-keeping  in  Southern  Califor- 
nia, I  noticed  in  the  early  sea- 
son the  field-bees  coming  home  loaded 
with  at  least  three  main  distinct  and 
different  colored  kinds  of  pollen.  Some 
carried  a  creamy-looking  variety,  some 
a  deep  orange,  and  some  came  wig- 
gling up  the  alighting  board  with  enor- 
mous lumps  of  a  sky-blue  color.  I 
soon  found  out  and  knew  the  particu- 
lar species  of  flowers  and  their  plants 
furnishing  each  particular  kind  of  pol- 
len; but  as  they  all  looked  to  be  mere 
weeds  and  so-called  wild  flowers,  I 
paid  no  special  attention  to  them  any 
more. 

Our  honey,  whenever  we  get  a  crop, 
is  derived  from  the  orange,  the  sages, 
and  wild  buckwheat,  mainly,  and  these 
are  so  abundant  in  a  good  season  that 
bee-keepers  hardly  ever  notice  any 
other  sources;  while  in  a  poor  season 
everything  is  poor— and  thus  it  has 
come  about  that  Californians  never  dis- 
covered, or  recognized,  the  rare  virtues, 
from  a  bee-keeper's  point  of  view,  of 
the  modest  and  beautiful  Phacelia 
tanacetifolia. 

It  was  a  stranger  from  far  away 
Germany  who,  botanically,  discovered 
our  brilliant  golden  poppy,  and  give 
her  his  own  name,  "Esscholtzia,"  and 
it  was  in  a  hidden  garden  nook  on  the 
far-away  banks  of  the  Rhine  where 
she  had  absent-mindedly  wandered, 
that  our  sky-blue  "Thousandpretty"' 
was  first  loved,  and  being  loved, 
watched  over  and  handled.  And  the 
great  good-look  of  "Thousandpretty" 
was  that  her  lover  was  a  true  friend 
of  Apis  mellifera  a.s  well.  Of  course 
Apis  and  Pretty  soon  found  one 
another  and  one  can  easily  imagine  the 
delight  with  which  human  eyes 
watched  the  mutual  approachment, 
and  the  prolonged  and  oft  repeated 
visits  of  "Apis"  to  "Pretty." 

Now  all  this  happened  about  ten  or 
twelve  years  ago.  Today,  among  the 
bee-men  of  Central  Europe  Phacelia 
seed  is  an  article  of  commerce,  like 
clover  or  rape;  and  many  are  the 
praises  sung  in  its  favor. 

Phacelia  grows  about  15  to  24  inches 
high,  branching  out,  or  not,  according 


to  room.  Its  foliage  is  fern-like,  and  of 
a  color  varying  from  dark  green  to  pur- 
ple brown.  It  furnishes  bee  pasturage 
in  about  six  weeks  from  seed.  Its 
flower-stalk  forms  a  sort  of  an 
involute,  unrolling  as  it  goes,  its 
native  name,  "fiddleneck,"  explains 
this  very  well.  The  flowers  are  sky- 
blue,  star-shaped,  very  shallow,  aver- 
aging, perhaps,  one-eighth  of  an  inch 
in  depth,  and  one-quarter  inch  in  diam- 
eter. 

The  bloom  lasts  about  six  weeks.  It 
furnishes  nectar  all  day  long,  but 
sometimes  more,  sometimes  less.  The 
honey  is  light  amber,  sometimes  light 
green,  and  of  a  mild  aromatic  flavor. 
The  sky-blue  pollen  comes  from  it 
alone. 

Its  fodder  value  is  rated  next  to  clo- 
ver, and  cows  fed  on  it  have  shown  a 
marked  increase  in  the  yield  of  milk. 
But  cattle  will  not  take  it  alone  by 
itself  at  first,  for  a  while  it  must  be 
mixed  with  something  they  are  used 
to.  And  it  must  be  fed  green.  It  will 
grow  where  weeds  grow,  early  in  the 
season  or  late,  and  for  green-manuring 
Phacelia  is  said  to  equal  the  pea. 

Our  wheats  and  corns  and  things 
were  once  but  wild  grasses  somewhere. 
Like  them,  our  "Thousandpretty"  may 
yet  turn  out  to  be  a  real  discovery. 

Riverside,  Cal.,  Feb.  12,  1904. 


LAYING  AVORKERS. 

They  Are  Sometimes  Wrongfully  Accused. 
By  Adrian  Getaz. 

SOME  TIME  ago,  the  question  was 
raised   in   the  European   bee    pa- 
pers   whether   there    is   only   one 
laying  worker  in  a  colony  or  whether 
there  is  a  large  number  of  them. 

The  discussion  began  by  Mr.  L.  Jas- 
pard  asserting  that  having  proceeded 
to  the  investigation  of  a  colony  affect- 
ed with  so-called  "laying  workers"  he 
finally  found  instead  of  a  real  "laying 
worker"  a  very  imperfect  queen,  ex- 
actly similar,  or  nearly  so.  to  an  ordi-. 
nary  worker  except  that  with  a  very 
close  examination  the  pollen  baskets 
and  other  work  organs  were  imper- 
fectly developed.  Later  on  Mr. 
Lacoppe  Arnold  stated  that  he  had 
met  two  similar  cases  and  boldly  said 
that  there  was  probably  no  such  thing 
as  laying  workers,  and  and  that  all 
such  cases  were  likely  due  to  the  pres- 


54 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


March 


ence  of  imperfect  qiieeus.  I  might  ex- 
plain here  that  the  imperfect  queens 
are  those  raised  from  a  too  old  larva 
and  cannot  be  fecundated,  therefore 
lay  only  drone  eggs. 

Such  assertions  could  n(5t  remain  un- 
challenged. Quotations  to  the  contraiT 
from  Hul)er  down  to  Chas.  Dadant 
were  produced.  Several  cases  were 
quoted  ^showing  that  a  large  propor- 
tion of  the  bees  examined  under  the 
microscope  had  shown  enlarged 
ovaries  and  eggs.  Donhoff  had  once 
caught  a  bee  carrying  pollen  and  yet 
having  the  enlarged  ovaries  and  eggs, 
showing  the  laying  worker  character- 
istic. Some  say  that  the  laying 
worker  or  workers  can  be  got  rid  of 
by  shaking  all  the  bees  at  a  distance 
of  their  home  and  letting  go  liack 
those  that  will.  Charles  Dadant 
is  quoted  as  having  said  that,  ns  far 
as  his  experience  goes,  there  is  no  such 
thing;  and  that  there  will  be  as  many 
laying  workers  after  the  opera; ion  as 
before. 

After  all  was  said  and  argued,  it  be- 
came evident  that  there  are  such 
things  as  fertile  workers  and  when 
tLere  is  any,  they  are  in  large  num- 
bers. Rut,  on  the  other  hand,  a  con- 
siderable proportion  of  the  supposed 
laying  workers'  colonies  ai'e  merely 
cases  of  imperfect  queens. 

Knoxville,  Tenn.,  Feb.  11,  1904. 

BLACK  BEES. 


They  Have  Meritorious  Traits  Not  Possessed  by  the 

Italians. 

By  T.  S.  Hall. 

THE  black  bees  of  this  part  of  the 
country  have     some  very     fine 
points  in  their  favor,  while  they 
po.ssess   some   very   objectionable   fea- 
tures. 

They  are  a  hardy  race  that  winter 
well,  stand  the  severe  changes  of 
spring  without  dwindling;  are  never 
found  to  be  diseased  in  any  way.  No 
such  thing  as  foul  brood,  black  brood, 
pickled  broo-d  or  paralysis.  They  com- 
mence to  breed  very  early — much 
earlier  than  the  Italians.  The  queens 
are  very  large  and  prolific;  they  cap 
their  honey  snowy  white,  are  good 
workers,  but  not  quite  as  good  as  the 
Italians.  They  will  enter  the  supers 
almost  at  once  when  the  first  honey 


flow  comes.  In  the  spring  they  work 
better  in  the  supers  than  the  Italians, 
putting  all  their  honey  above  the  brood 
chamber.  If  they  have  the  room  they 
do  not  crowd  out  the  queen  like  the 
Italians;  they  are  fine  queen-celF  build- 
ers. Their  objectionable  points  are 
their  ill-temper;  they  are  more  vicious 
than  the  Italians,  when  we  smoke 
them  down  they  come  back  just  as 
quick  as  the  smoke  stops.  Not  so  with 
the  Italian.  They  are  very  excitable 
and  will  run  ofE  the  combs  when  being 
handled  and  easily  become  the  prey  of 
robbers  or  the  wax  moth.  They  are 
very  easy  to  become  discouraged  and 
seemingly  just  give  up  when  they  get 
weak  or  the  wax  moth  gets  into  their 
combs.  If  we  could  eliminate  these 
few  objections  they  would  be  the  best 
race  we  have;  but  those  three  points 
are  very  serious  marks  against  them. 
If  anyone  has  ever  seen  black  bees 
with  paralysis  we  would  like  to  hear 
from  them. 

If  as  much  care  and  selection  was 
given  the  black  race  of  bees  as  has 
been  given  the  Italians  and  other  races 
no  doubt  there  would  have  been  great 
improvements  made  on  the  blacks. 
Their  virgin  queens  are  very  quick 
and  active.  Their  drones  are  the 
swiftest  flyers  and  very  active  on  the 
wing.  Selection  has  brought  about 
considerable  changes  and  improve- 
ments, and  selections  should  not  all  be 
made  from  the  queen  side.  The  drone 
transmits  certain  traits  to  the  progeny 
of  the  queen  that  will  not  come  from 
the  queen.  Stock  breeders  use  as 
much  care  in  selecting  their  sires  as 
they  do  in  the  female.  The  selections 
should  be  made  from  both  sides. 

Jasper,  Ga.,  Jan  20,  1904. 


(Black  bees  in  South  Florida  are  not 
less  subject  to  paralysis  than  other 
races,  we  think. — Editor.) 


I  wish  to  congratulate  you  on  your 
standpoint  of  limiting  The  American 
Bee-Keeper  to  matters  apicultural. 
One  of  the  rarest  of  virtues  these  days 
is  a  resolute  abstainance  from  preach- 
ing. This  is  no  joke.  If  j^ou  can  keep 
your  promiise,  you  are  a  rare  bird. — 
Henry  E.  Horn. 


When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


55 


CAN    TVE    GET   MORE    FOR    OUR 
HONEY. 


I 


By  Mrs.  S.  A.  Smith. 

NOTICE,  Mr,  Editor,  what  is  be- 
ing said  about  trying  to  force  up 
the  price  of  honey,  by  we  produe- 


Our  good  friend,  Dr.  Miller,  says 
that,  if  enough  would  join  the  N.  B.-K. 
A.,  then  they  could  have  wnough  mon- 
ey to  do  something  in  this  line. 

In  September  Review,  the  editor 
says  if  the  money  of  the  National  is 
not  used  to  defend  members  who  go 
to  law  justly,  they  will  soon  have  too 
much  money.  Also,  if  it  is  not  used 
for  that,  what  will  they  use  it  for? 
Does  the  N.  B.-K.  A.  wish  to  help  raise 
the  price  of  honey? 

I  remember  when  there  were  two 
associations  and  what  was  to  be  done 
if  they  would  only  join  hand  and 
hearts.  They  have  done  well,  but  I 
would  like  to  ask,  if  they  have  not 
lost  sight  of  a  great  deal  that  they 
started  out  to  do? 

The  way  to  raise  the  price  of  honey, 
is  to  raise  it.  Set  an  honest  price,  and 
then  stick  to  that  price.  Do  not  under- 
sell another  bee-keeper  one  cent.  If 
you  do  so  today,  tomorrow  the  other 
seller  will  be  asked  to  undersell  you; 
and  the  next  day  you  will  be  asked 
to  keep  the  ball  rolling.  Do  not  begin! 
I  say. 

Be  verj-  careful  of  your  honey. 
Honey  that  is  unripe,  unskimmed  and 
exposed  to  the  air  in  large  tanks  or 
perhaps  open  vessels,  in  any  humid 
climate,  cannot  be  first-class,  and  I 
have  truly  seen  just  such  honey  for 
sale,  and  was  asked  by  the  grocer  for 
my  opinion  as  to  whiether  it  was  honey 
or  some  other  sturt".  If  you  use  your 
honey  that  way,  you  should  not  have 
anything  for  it.  Keep  it  sealed,  as 
the  bees  do.  Who  can  handle  honey 
better  than  they.  One  lady  told  me, 
our  honey  had  such  a  nice  perfume 
about  it,  she  said  she  knew  it  came 
from  the  flowers  by  that. 

If  you  are  near  two  or  three  other 
bee-keepers,  meet  and  agree  on  the 
price  of  your  honey,  and  then  stick  to 
that  price. 

If  you  are  too  far  off,  postage  is 
cheap.  If  you  think  your  honey  is  the 
best,  send  them  samples,  'and  get 
samples  of  theirs.     If  one  is  the  best 


then  the  price  should  be  fixed  accord- 
ingly. We  will  all  help  one  another 
to  produce  the  honey  but  when  it 
comes  to  marlveting,  that's  another 
story. 

If  the  wholesale  market  is  low,  do 
not  help  it  down  lower,  with  your 
honey.  Fruit  must  be  shipped  when 
ripe,  but  we  can  keep  our  product  for 
months.  Then  why  hurry  it  off  just 
as  soon  as  taken  from  the  hives? 

If  you  say  "I  must  sell,  for  I  need 
the  money  very  much,"  just  ask  your- 
self this:  "What  would  I  have  done 
for  money  if  I  had  failed  to  get  a 
crop  ?'' 

As  it  is  a  very  uncertain  business, 
you  often  do  not  have  the  crop  to 
sell;  what  did  you  do  then? 

Keep  your  credit  good  at  your  bank, 
and  see  which  will  pay  the  best,  to 
borrow  money  to  live  on,  or  sell  your 
honey  for  anything  you  can  get  for 
it? 

I  can  assure   every  bee-keeper  that 

there  is   a   consumer  who   is  just  as 

anxious  to  get  your  honey,  as  you  are 

f  jr.  and  at  a  good  price, 

too. 

There  is  too  much  difference  be- 
tween the  wholesale  and  retail  price. 
Think  of  honey  selling  in  New  York 
for  4  1-2  cents  per  pound,  and  the 
poor  who  can  not  afford  to  eat  it,  for 
by  the  time  it  reaches  them  it  costs 
10  cents  a  spoonful. 

If  the  X.  B.-K.  A.  wishes  to  use  their 
money  to  help  bee-Iceepers,  why  not 
loan  money  on  honey,  and  keep  it  out 
of  the  market  until  the  market  is 
ready  for  it? 

Take  all  the  bee  journals  you  have 
and  see  if  each  year  the  market  has 
not  been  good  at  some  date  during  the 
year. 

I  believe  in  the  end  the  consumer 
will  go  to  the.  store  and  buy  his  honey 
both  comb  and  extracted,  in  a  tin  can, 
and  that  can  will  be  just  the  same  as 
fruit  and  vegetables  are  canned  in. 
A  label  will  tell  what  is  in  the  can. 

Why  should  honey  be  put  up  in 
glass?  Why  not  demand  our  meat, 
fruit,  fish  and  everything  else  put  in 
glass?  Would  poor  people  buy  a  great 
deal  if  it  was? 

If  the  N.  B.-K.  A.,  or  some  other 
association,  would  put  tinned  honey 
on  the  market,  and  advertise  the  same 
as  Swift,  Fairbanks  and  everything 
else  is  advertised,     then     both     sides 


56 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


March 


would  get  the  honey  and  money  that 
is  due  them. 

When  you  pick  up  one  of  our  first- 
class  magazines  you  see  everything 
else  advertised  except  honey.  Then 
we  are  foolish  enough  to  wonder  why 
we  cannot  get  anything  for  our  honey. 

We  use  all  our  brains  and  energy 
to  produce,  and  there  we  quit.  It's 
wrong. 

I  know  you  are  tired,  so  once  more 
I  will  say  don't,  don't,  don't  sell  for 
less  than  your  price,  and  be  good  to 
your  product. 

Grant,  Fla. 


THAT  FRAME  OF  FOUNDATION. 

By  Adrian  Getaz. 

I  AM  ACCUSED  of  colliding  with 
Mr.  Poppleton's  opinions. 
I  don"t  see  it.  That's  altogether 
a  question  of  view  point.  Mr.  Pop- 
pleton  looking  at  that  comb  of  founda- 
tion from  the  standpoint  of  an  ex- 
tracted honey  producer,  while  I  was 
writing  from  the  position  of  a  comb 
honey  raiser. 

An  extracted  honey  producer  is  sup- 
posed to  have  plenty  of  built  combs, 
and  all  he  has  to  do  is  to  give  enough 
of  them  to  accommodate  both  sui-plus 
and  brood.  There  is  absolutely  no 
need  of  giving  foundation  except  when 
he  needs  more  combs. 

But  the  comb  honey  raiser  is  alto- 
gether in  a  different  position.  He  can 
give  only  foundation  in  the  sections 
instead  of  combs  already  built.  When 
the  honey  flows  come  there  is  no  room 
yet  in  the  sections  to  deposit  the  honey. 
Then  the  honey  gatherers  put  it  in  the 
brood-nest  as  fast  as  the  brood 
emerges,  disputing  the  cell,s  to  the 
queen.  Eventually  swarming  occurs 
as  the  result  of  such  a  condition  of 
affairs. 

Now,  we  take  out  a  comb  and  give 
a  sheet  of  foundation.  It  takes  the 
bees  some  time  to  draw  the  foundation, 
further  more  the  queen  can  lay  in  the 
cells  as  soon  as  they  are  stretched, 
while  they  cannot  be  used  for  holding 
honey  until  they  are  about  an  eighth 
of  an  inch  longer.  These  two  causes 
enable  the  queen  to  keep  up  with  the 
comb-builders  and  fill  the  comb  with 
eggs. 

As  I  said,  the  object  in  view  is  to 
prevent  swarming.  As  long  as  there 
is  plenty  of  brood  to  feed,  the  nurse 


bees  will  not  waste  their  time  on  queea 
cells. 

Giving  an  already  •  built  comb  will 
not  answer.  The  thousands  of  honey 
gatherers  contained  in  the  hive  would 
fill  it  with  honey  at  once  before  the 
queen  could  even  make  more  than  a 
beginning  at  egg-laying. 

Knoxville,  Tenn. 


AVIIiTSHIRF  BAL.LAD. 


The  Harnet  and  the  Bittle. 

A  harnet  sat  in  a  hollow  treie, 
A  proper  spiteful  twoad  wur  he; 
And  he  merrily  sung  as  he  did  set. 
His  stinge  as  sharp  as  a  bagouet. 
Oh!  who's  so  bowld  and  vierce  as  I 
I  vears  not  bee,  nor  waspe,  nor  vly. 

A  bittle  up  thuck  tree  did  dim, 
And  scornfully  did  look   at  'im. 
Says  he:     "Sir  Harnet,  Avho  guv  thee 
A  right  to  set  in  thuck  there  tree? 
Although  you  zing  so  nation  (very,  ex- 
tremely) vine, 
I  tell-'ee  it's  a  house  o'  mine." 

The  harnet's  conscience  felt  a  twinge. 
But  growin'  bowld  wi'  his  long  stinge; 
Says  he:  "Possession's  the  best  law, 
So  here  thee  shasu't  set  a  claw. 
Git  out  and  leave  the  tree  to  me, 
The  mixen's  (dunghill)  good  enough 
for  thee." 

Just  then  a  yuckel  (woodpecker)  pass- 
in'  by. 
Was  axed  by  them  their  cause  to  try; 
Thinks  he,  'tis  very  plain  to  see, 
They'll  make  vamous  munch  for  me. 
His  bill  was  sharp,  his  stummic  leer, 
So  up  he  suapt  the  caddlin'  (quarrel- 
ing) pair. 


(Moral.) 
All  you  as  be  to  law  inclined. 
This  leetle  story  bear  in  mind; 
For  if  to  law  you  ever  go, 
Be  sure  they'll  alius  sarve  you  so. 
You'll  meet  the  fate  of  them  there  two. 
They'll  take  your  cwoat  and  carcase 
too. 

— T.  P.'s.  Weekly. 


I  like  The  American  Bee-Keeper 
very  much,  and  think  it  is  improving 
all  the  time.— Geo.  B.  Howe. 


Windbreaks  in  winter  are  beneficial. 


THE 


Bee -Keeping  World 


I  staff  Contributors  :    F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ. 

Contributions  to  this  Department  are  solicited  from  all  quarters  of  the  earth. 


M  ♦»♦♦♦»♦♦♦  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦  f  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦  MM  ♦»♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦»  M» 


GERMANY. 

The  honey  producers  in  Germany 
seem  to  be  bothered  more  than  we  in 
America  to  sell  their  product.  The 
reason  lies  in  the  fact  that  the  selling 
part  of  the  business  has  not  yet  been 
reduced  to  the  system  as  here  in 
America.  They  are  lacking  the  middle- 
man; the  very  man  cried  down  so 
much  here.  He,  as  he  does  in  America, 
could  serve  a  good  purpose  there  as 
well. 


Very  good  retail  packages  for  ex- 
tracted honey  are  offered  for  sale  to 
the  German  bee-keepers,  some  holding 
as  little  as  1-4  poimd,  and  up  to  10 
pounds,  made  of  flint  glass.  Glass- 
works in  Silesia  make  them  in  six  dif- 
ferent styles. 


The  German  bee-keepers  are  in  a 
sad  plight  as  to  honey  adulterations. 
A  dealer  of  honey  in  Hamburg  says: 
"A  great  deal  of  artificial  honey  is 
consumed  in  Germany.  The  product 
is  usually  sugar-syrup  flavored  with 
a  little  honey  and  bee-bread  decoction. 
Unfortunately  a  great  deal  of  fraud  is 
practiced  and  the  artificial  mixture  is 
palmed  off  as  the  genuine  article,  sold 
to  bakeries  and  small  consumers.  The 
authorities  are  powerless,  as  there  is 
no  sure  way  to  detect  the  fraud  out- 
side of  judging  by  the  taste  and  odor, 
and  they  have  given  up  the  idea  of 
watching  for  adulteration  in  honey." 


P.  Neuimann,  after  an  experience  of 
twenty-five  years  with  foul  brood  says 
in  Leipz.  Bztg.  that  with  the  exception 
of  a  very  few  cases  he  has  always 
been  able  to  trace  the  different  cases 
to  the  transmission  of  the  disease  from 
one  hive  to  the  other,  from  one  bee- 
yard  to  another.  Not  until  the  bee- 
keepers become  convinced  that  the  fire- 
cure  is  to  be  practiced  on  discovery 
of  a  foul  broody  hive  will  the  disease 
be  controlled. 


Generally  speaking  German  writers 
favor  the  destruction  of  foul  broody 
colonies  by  fire.  Editor  Reidenbach, 
(of  Phalz.  Bztg.),  however,  is  opposed, 
to  this.  He  makes  a  distinction  be- 
tween foul  brood  in  light  form  and 
that  in  a  malignant  form.  Under  fa- 
vorable conditions  the  former  generally 
disappears  of  itself  and.  the  IvXcEvoy 
treatment  would  not  be  necessary,  so 
he  says.  Lichtenthaler  asserts  in  Die 
Biene,  that  honey  per  se  does  not 
carry  the  disease  to  other  hives,  the 
infectious  spores  and  the  bacilli  are 
contained  in  the  pollen.  He  says  fur- 
ther that  the  foul  brood  is  a  harmless 
disease  for  the  experienced,  but  may 
become  a  dangerous  affair  with  the 
careless  and  inexperienced. 

The  writer  of  this  has  been  studying 
and  thinking  how  to  get  around  buy- 
ing high-priced  lumber  for  bee  hives 
and  his  mind  has  turned  (?)  to  the 
paper  and  straw.  A  German  friend 
tells  in  Leipzigor  Biene  Zeitung  how 
he  makes  use  of  waste  paper.  He 
says:  "A  receptacle  is  filled  up  witS 
the  paper  and  the  latter  is  covered 
with  water.  Thus  it  is  left  for  sev- 
eral days.  Then  it  is  hauled  over  with 
a  garden  rake  and  stirred  smooth  till 
it  is  a  sort  of  pudding.  This  is  then 
poured  into  forms  and  smoothed  down. 
In  this  shape  it  is  left  to  dry  for  sev- 
eral weeks  when  the  paper  boards  are 
dry  enough  to  be  made  up  into  hives. 
They  can  be  sawed,  bored,  nailed  but 
not  planed.-  I  maKe  the  boards  1  1-2 
inches  thick.  The  hives  made  from 
them  are  very  warm  in  winter  and  cool 
in  summer.  Well  painted  they  will 
resist  the  weather  first-rate.  With  the 
primitive  means  employed  I  have  not 
been  able  to  make  hives  all  in  one 
piece." 


Steenhusen,  the  editor  of  the  Schlwg. 
Hoist.  Bztg.  thinks  it  is  unlawful  to 
put  out  decoy  hives,  and  discusses  this 
question  at  length  in  his  paper.  Others 


5S 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPEE. 


March 


hold  a  like  opinion  and  say  that  a  man 
can  be  taken  to  task  for  keeping  empty 
hives  (full  of  comb)  setting  in  his  bee- 
yards  when  it  can  be  proven  that  he 
does  so  to  induce  stray  swarms  to 
take  possession  of  them.  It  should 
come  under  the  same  head  as  trapping 
bees,  which  is  unlawful. 


ITALY. 

The  bee-keepers  of  Italy  do  not  seem 
to  see  the  need  of  a  bee  journal.  The 
Apicoltore  has  but  400  subscribers. 

B.  V. 


PALESTINE. 

Palestine  has  been  called  the  land 
where  milk  and  honey  flows,  and  judg- 
ing from  what  the  Bible  says  one 
might  be  lead  to  think  that  the  bee- 
keeping industry  must  have  flourished 
in  Bible  times.  It  is,  however,  pretty 
well  conceded  that  the  word  translated 
with  "Honey,"  by  Luther  meant  in 
most  instances,  "something  boiled 
do-^vn  to  a  jelly — grape  jelly,"  an  arti- 
cle used  even  now  in  the  Holy  Land 
by  the  wealthier  people  and  travelers 
in  place  of  butter,  which  is  scarce. 
There  were  probably  many  wild  bees 
in  the  woods  and  in  caves,  but  none 
were  kept  in  hives  domesticated.  Since 
these  times  the  timber  has  all  been  de- 
stroyed and  Avild  bees  have  become 
a  rarity.  Not  many  bees  are  kept  now 
in  hives  althovigh  the  conditions  are 
favorable  for  bee-keeping.  The  Euro- 
pean imigrant  is  the  only  one  carrying 
on  modern  bee-keeping,  averaging  60 
pounds  per  hive.  Failures  are  not 
known.  The  earliest  honey  is  gathered 
from  almond  and  apricot  blossoms, 
followed  by  orange  blossoms.  Thistle, 
cactus  and  other  weeds  furnish  some 
honey  later.  Some  bee-keepers  migrate 
to  the  mountains  and  into  the  vicinity 
of  Bethlehem. — From  Schlesw.  Hoist. 
Bztg. 

CHILI. 

A  report  from  a  Chilian  bee-keeper 
states  that  an  apiary  of  160  colonies 
bought  in  the  country  and  transferred 
in  modern  hives,  gave  (in  1903)  340 
swarms.  No  foundation  was  given. 
The  crop  of  honey  was  37,000  pounds; 
74  pounds  per  colony,  all  counted,  or 
231  pounds  "spring  count."  Apiculture 
is  on  the  increase.  The  natives  use  but 
very  little  honey,  only  as  medicine. 
Practically  all  is  exported,  the  present 


price  being  about  7  cents  per  pound. 
All  extracted  honey. — From  Rucher 
Beige. 


SIBERIA. 

The  winter  in  Siberia  is  not  only 
very  cold  but  lasts  about  seven  months, 
from  the  middle  of  September  to  the 
middle  of  May.  The  snow  is  very 
abimdant,  sometimes  eight  or  ten  feet 
deep.  The  summer  comes  suddenly 
as  soon  as  the  snow  is  melted,  is  ex- 
ceedingly warm,  especially  during  the 
day,  and  ends  as  suddenly  as  it  be- 
gan. 

The  honey  is  gathered  almost  exclu- 
sively from  the  lindens.  There  are 
seventeen  dii¥erent  varieties  of  them, 
blossoming  successively  during  nearly 
the  whole  season.  The  colonies  ai-e 
wintered  in  buildings  erected  for  the 
purpose.  Most  of  the  bee-keepers  ai-e 
specialists  and  establish  their  apiaries 
in  or  near  the  forests.  The  hives  are 
imported  from  the  United  States,  that 
is,  the  majority  of  them.  Each  is  set 
on  four  small  posts,  and  has  a  roof 
above.  In  the  fall,  or  rather  beginning 
of  the  winter,  the  weak  colonies  are 
united,  sometimes  five,  six  or  more  to- 
gether. No  colony  weighing  less  than 
14  pounds  (of  bees)  is  wintered.  Hives 
are  hung  on  the  trees  to  attract  and 
capture  the  runaway  swarms.  The 
bees  remain  in  the  hives  during  the 
middle  of  the  day  on  account  of  the 
excessive  heat.  The  honey  (chunk 
honey)  is  sold  at  about  17  cents  per 
pound. — From  the  Apiculteur. 


SWITZERLAND. 
Mr.  Edouard  Bertrand,  the  editor  of 
the  Revue  Internationale  d'  Apiculture, 
announces  that  the  paper  will  be  dis- 
continued at  the  end  of  the  present 
year,  (1903).  His  health  and  strength 
are  beginning  to  fail,  and  it  is  neces- 
sary for  him  to  seek  some  rest.  The 
Revue  is,  or  rather  has  been,  the  best 
of  all  the  bee  papers  published  in  the 
French  language.  It  has  lasted  25 
years.  Mr.  Bertrand  is  the  author  of  H 
some  of  the  best  works  on  bee-keeping  ;  i 
in  existence.  It  is  hoped  that  the 
Suisse  Romande  Society  of  Apiculture 
will  undertake  to  continue  the  paper. 


FRANCE. 

A  swarm  had  introduced  itself  into 
the  wall  of  a  frame  house  and  decided 
apparently  to  stay  there.    A  bee-keeper 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


59 


(Mr.  Le  Haulx)  was  called  to  dislodge 
them,  if  possible  without  doing  too 
much  demolition.  After  some  hard 
thinking,  Mr.  Le  Haulx  brought  a  hive 
with  a  comb  of  brood  and  honey  from 
his  apiary,  installed  the  hive  against 
the  opening  in  the  wall  putting  a  Por- 
ter escape  between  the  wall  and  the 
hive  so  the  bees  could  come  out  of 
their  place  but  not  go  back.  He  thus 
succeeded  in  capturing  the  entire 
swarm. — Gazette  Apicole. 


THE    FUTURE. 


It  would  not  be  surprising  if,  after  a 
year  so  discouraging  as  1903,  many 
bee-keepers  should  feel  inclined  to  take 
less  interest  in  the  industry.  Indeed, 
the  reports — the  "Melancholy  Record," 
which  we  publish  in  October  would  go 
far  towards  justifying  a  falling-off  in 
enthusiasm.  But  there  has  been  no 
falling-olf,  nor  any  sign  of  despair; 
and  this,  in  itself,  is  of  more  value  to 
the  country  than  an  abundant  honey 
harvejst  would  have  been.  Because 
it  is  now,  more  than  ever  before,  evi- 
dent that  the  men  who  have  taken  to 
bee-keeping  are  made  of  the  stuff  that 
the  country  wants;  men  who  are  not 
to  be  defeated  by  reverses,  who  are 
prepared  to  take  the  rough  with  the 
smooth,  and  who,  when  they  suffer 
loss,  to  determine  to  make  the  future 
retrieve  it. 

It  is  refreshing;  it  is  worth  going 
through  a  disastrous  season,  to  expe- 
rience this  kind  of  hopeful  enthusiasm 
on  the  part  of  men  w^ho  have,  beyond 
doubt,  been  badly  hit  in  their  business. 
Truth  to  tell,  our  correspondence  has 
brought  us  more  encouragement  this 
year,  just  because  of  the  evidence  it 
has  given  of  a  spirit  of  confidence  on 
the  part  of  our  friends — confidence  in 
themselves,  and  in  the  recompense 
which  ttiey  look  forward  to.  "We  like 
the  man  who  can  say:  "It  was  not 
the  fault  of  the  bees.  They  will  serve 
me  well  when  bi-ighter  days  come  for 
them  and  for  me,"  and  who  puts  on 
the  candy  cakes,  and  dry,  warm  wraps, 
waits  for  the  future  with  steady  hope. 
By  such  as  he  it  is  that  success  is  de- 
deserved  or  won. 

There  ard  three  or  four  months  to 
come  before  active  work  in  tne  apiary 
can  begin  again.  What  is  to  be  done 
with  the  winter  months?  Well,  this 
is  the  season  for  making  and  repair- 


ing hives,  for  re-arranging  apiaries, 
for  comparing  notes,  and  forming 
plans  for  the  coming  year.  Now,  in 
the  long  evenings,  there  is  time  for 
study.  A  good,  useful  bee-book;  an 
hour  by  the  fireside  with  Maeterlinck, 
will  yield  both  pleasure  and  profit. 
The  great  point  is  to  leave  nothing  un- 
done that  can  help  to  the  attainment 
of  the  objects  in  view.  The  practical 
bee-keeper  looks  well  ahead.  He  is 
ne'V'er  taken  by  surprise  when  the 
business  in  hand  calls  for  his  attention 
at  a  moment's  notice.  He  knows  that 
few  things  done  in  a  hurry  ai'e 
lasting,  are  well  done.  He  makes  his 
preparations  beforehand.  Not  even 
the  activities  of  bee-life  can  find  him 
unready. — Irish  Bee  Journal. 


A    GREAT    SUFFERER. 

Perhaps  the  Bohemian  bumble-bee 
has  been  the  greatest  sufferer  from 
weather  ravages.  He  has  no  warm 
hive  to  shelter  him,  and  no  candy  or 
syrup  put  down  for  his  consumption. 
When  belated  frosts  or  untimely 
storms  come,  his  nest  of  withered 
grass  or  moss  is  often  devastated,  and 
poor  Bombus,  as  he  is  called  from  the 
volume  of  his  buzz,  perishes.  There 
has  been  so  far  this  year  as  great  a 
scarcity  of  bumble  bees  as  of  butter- 
fiies,  owing  to  inclement  weather.  One, 
the  first  this  year,  was  seen  in  an  un- 
cut clover  field  near  Epping.  The 
great  velvety  fellow  was  blundering 
and  buzzing  among  the  purple  clover 
heads  with  all  the  bustle  characteris- 
tic of  his  species.  And  he  knew  that 
he  had  the  purple  clover  to  himself, 
for  the  hive  bee's  tongue  is  not  long 
enough  to  reach  that  flower's  nectar. 
Perhaps  that  was  some  compensation 
for  the  fact  that  a  bumble-bee  is  born 
to  shift  for  himself,  and  face  storms, 
—Daily  Express  (London),  July  14th. 


We  like  the  American  Bee-Keeper 
very  much,  and  wish  you  much  suc- 
cess for  1904.— T.  S.  Hall. 


Chaff  cushion  divisions  are  prefer- 
able to  boards  alone,  as  they  are 
warmer. 


Division  boards  should  be  used  in  all 
weak  calonies,  thus  contracting  the 
space. 


60 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


March 


PUBLISHED   MONTHLY 
THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MANFG.  Co. 
PROPRIETORS. 
H.    E.    HILL,  -  EDITOR, 

FORT  PIERCE,  FLA- 


Terms. 

Fifty  cents  a  year  in  advance;  2  copies  S5 
cents;  3  copies  $L20;  all  to  be  sent  to  one 
postoffice. 

Postage  prepaid  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada;  10  cents  extra  to  all  countries  in  the 
postal  union,  and  20  cents  extra  to  all  other 
countries. 

Advertising  Rates. 

x'ifteen  cents  per  line,  9  words;  $2.00  per 
inch.  Five  per  cent.'  discount  for  two  iser- 
tions;  seven  per  cent,  for  three  insertions; 
twenty  per  cent,   for  twelve  insertions. 

Advertisements  must  be  received  on  or  be- 
fore the  15th  of  each  month  to  insure  inser- 
tion the   month   following. 

Matters  relating  to  business  may  be  ad- 
dressed to 

THE  AMERICAN   BEE-KEEPER, 
Fort   Pierce,   Fla.,   or  Jamestown,   N.   Y. 

Articles  for  publication  or  letters  exclusively 
for  the  editorial  department  should  be  ad- 
dressed to  the  Florida  office. 

Subscribers  receiving  their  paper  in  blue 
wrapper  will  know  that  their  subscription  ex- 
pires with  this  number.  We  hope  that  you 
will    not    delay    favoring    us    with    a   renewal. 

A  red  wrapper  on  your  paper  indicates  that 
you  owe  for  your  subscription.  Please  give 
the  matter  your  early  attention. 


As  an  experiment,  an  apiarist  in 
quest  of  a  situation  invested  twenty- 
five  cents  in  the  Bee-Keeper's  cent-a- 
word  column,  recently.  Before  the 
month  was  out  he  wrote  that  inquiries 
had  been  received  from  bee-keepers 
from  "Vermont  to  California.  As  a 
southern  location  is  preferred,  he  has  a 


choice  between  Texas  and  Mississippi, 
from  both  of  which  business  proposi- 
tions have  been  received.  Possibly, 
other  of  our  readers  have  failed  to  ap- 
preciate the  efficiency  and  cheapness 
of  this  department. 


Texas  has  a  new  bee-keepers'  asso- 
ciation, organized  at  Beeville,  Texas, 
Feb.  1,  and  to  be  known  as  the  Nueces 
Valley  Bee-Keepers'  Association.  Mi*. 
W.  H.  Laws,  of  Beeville,  is  secretary 
of  the  new  organization. 


An  association  of  bee-keepers  was 
organized  .Tan.  30,  in  Knox  county,  III. 
The  regular  annual  meeting  will  be 
held  in  April  and  a  rousing  attendance 
is  anticipated.  Mr.  J.  E.  Johnson,  of 
Williamsfield,  is  president,  and  E.  D. 
Woods,  of  Galesburg,  secretary  of  the 
new  society. 


In  the  last  annual  report  of  the 
National  Bee  -  Keepers'  Association 
there  appeared  a  list  of  prices  on 
honey  cans.  General  Manager  France 
desires  to  inform  the  readers  of  the 
American  Bee-Keeper  that  "these 
prices  will  not  be  granted  any  longer.'' 


In  view  of  different  opinions  re- 
cently expressed  in  these  columns,  in 
I'egard  to  the  amiability  or  viciousness 
of  the  Cyprians,  it  would  be  interest- 
ing to  have  a  brief  statement  of  the  ex- 
periences of  the  fraternity  in  general 
upon  this  point.  We  shall  be  pleased  to 
hear  from  those  who  have  had  to  do 
with  this  race  of  bees. 


A  winter  of  unusual  severity  is 
drawing  to  a  close,  and  its  'efPects  upon 
the  bees  is  a  matter  of  quite  general 
interest.  Brief  reports  of  the  results 
in  wintering  would  be  quite  in  order 
for  the  April  Bee-Keeper,  and  we  shall 
be  pleased  to  hear  from  our  readers 
throughout  the  country  in  regard  to 
this  point. 


SECTIONS. 
•  Commenting  editorially  upon  Mr. 
Heddon's  article  in  The  Bee-Keeper, 
the  American  Bee  .lournal  says:  "If, 
perforce,  we  must  go  back  to  four- 
piece  sections,  we  may  as  well  take  all 
the  comfort  we  can  out  of  the  advan- 
tages thew  oflFer.  They  can  be  made 
out  of  any  kind  of  wood,  and  no  one 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


61 


pretends  tbat  basswood  is  the  best 
lumber  for  sections  where  no  bendiniC 
of  joints  is  needed.  It  is  tnie  tbat  .1 
one-piece  section  that  is  not  s(iuare  can 
be  made  square,  but  it  will  not  st:7y 
square  unless  rigidly  held  so,  while  a 
four-piece  section  stays  square  of 
itself.  There  is  generally  dan.;ier  of 
breaking  ,some  sections  in  putting  to- 
gether one-piece  sections  unless  the 
joints  are  wet.  and  it  is  extra  trouble 
to  ,wet  the  sections  aside  from  danger 
of  discoloration  from  wetting.  This 
breakage  and  wetting  is  saved  when 
using  four-piece  sections.  Besides  the 
breaking  when  folding  sections,  there 
is  the  ibreaking  that  sometimes  hap- 
pen.? after  the  foundation  is  put  in, 
which  is  worse,  and  very  much  worse 
if  it  occurs  after  the  section  is  filled 
with  honey.  Four-piece  sections  avoid 
this.  Possibly  we  may  find  comfort  in 
discovering  other  advantages,  but 
these  are  enough  to  show  that  the 
change,  if  the  change  must  come,  will 
not  be  an  unmixed  evil." 

Though  the  Journal  has  not  enumer- 
ated all  the  objections  peculiar  to  the 
one-piece  section,  it  might  find  ad- 
ditional "comfort"  in  an  effort  to  com- 
pile so  formidable  an  array  of  "evils" 
against  the  four-piece  style. 


SELLING  EXTRACTED  HONEY  IN 
THE  LOCAL  MARKET. 

On  page  19  of  The  Bee-Keeper  for 
January  is  discussed  the  advisability 
of  readopting  the  word  "strained"  in- 
stead of  "extracted,"  as  now  used  in 
connection  with  liquid  honey. 

As  a  result  of  an  experience  related 
by  Mx-.  W.  L.  Coggshall  during  his  re- 
cent visit  with  The  Bee-Keeper,  we  are 
moved  to  touch  again  upon  this  sub- 
ject. As  an  experiment,  last  fall,  Mr. 
Coggshall  inserted  a  small  advertise- 
ment in  a  local  newspaper  published 
at  Ithaca,  near  his  home  in  New  York 
state.  The  "ad"  simply  stated  that 
for  ten  cents  a  pound  he  would  deliver 
at  the  buyer's  door  pure  strained 
honey.  The  result  was  that  60"0 
pounds  were  ordered  and  delivered. 
The  newspaper  announcement  cost  Mr. 
•Coggshall  75  cents.  He  is  quite  confi- 
dent that  the  success  of  the  enterprise 
is  attributable  to  the  virtue  of  that 
word,  "strained."  People  know  what 
"strained  honey"  is;  while  "extracted 


honey"  is  yet  a  mystery  to  the  million. 
If  there  is  more  money  in  "strained" 
honey  than  in  "extracted,"  even 
though  it  be  taken  with  the  extractor, 
it  does  not  seem  advisable  to  stand 
upon  the  technicality  while  good  busi- 
ness rushes  by.  It  is  our  obvious  duty 
to  see  that  the  populace  is  amply  pro- 
vided with  honey,  whether  it  is  called 
comb,  bulk,  extracted  or  strained.  It's 
profitable  business  and  honest  dollars 
that  the  producer  wants;  and  the  peo- 
ple may  call  the  goods  what  they  will. 


W.  L.  COGGSHALL  IN  FLORIDA. 

Mr.  W.  L.  Coggshall,  of  Groton,  N. 
Y.,  in  company  with  his  brother, 
David  H.  Coggshall,  in  returning  from 
a  tour  of  inspection  in  Cuba,  where  he 
has  extensive  aparian  interests,  stop- 
ped off  to  favor  the  Bee-Keeper  with 
a  day's  visit,  recently.  W.  L.  has 
about  1,900  colonies  in  New  York 
state,  800  in  Cuba  and  extensive 
apiaries  in  New  Mexico  and  Colorado, 
aggregating,  approximately,  3,500  colo- 
nies; while  David  H.  has  600  colonies 
near  his  New  York  home.  Like  most 
other  men  of  great  achievements,  Mr. 
Coggshall  is  in  manner  extremely 
modest  and  unassuming. 

During  their  visit.  The  Bee-Keeper 
secured  a  photograph  of  the  distin- 
guished gentlemen,  which  it  hopes  t9 
present  next  month,  in  connection  with 
an  article  of  interest  from  the  pen  of 
the  most  extensive  bee-keeper  in  the 
world. 


END  STAPLES  IN  BROOD  FRAMES 
We  have  several  times  in  these  col- 
umns expressed  our  preference  for  < 
end-staples  in  the  bottom-bar  of  brood 
frames.  An  ordinary  widow  blind 
staple  driven  into  the  end-bar  until  it 
projects  5-16  of  an  inch, affords  a  val- 
uable safeguard  against  maiming  or 
killing  a  queen  and  greatly  facilitates 
rapid  and  easy  work  when  manipulat- 
ing a  hive.  This  idea  we  learned 
many  years  ago  in  the  apiaries  of 
Mr.  J.  B.  Hall,  of  Canada,  and  have 
continued  it  in  use  ever  since,  with  in- 
creasing satisfaction.  The  big  guns  of 
beedom,  however,  seem  to  prefer  the 
end  staple  at  or  near  the  top  of  the 
frame  where  it  is  almost  useless,  not- 
withstanding our  humble  protests 
upon  several  occasions.  It  was  there- 
fore gratifying  to  learn,     during  Mr. 


I 


62 


THE    A]SIERICAN    BE.K-KEEPEK. 


March 


Coggshall's  visit,  that  he  invariably 
uses  the  staple  in  the  end  of  the  bot- 
tom-bar, where  it  is  of  genuine  service 
to  the  x'apicl  manipulator. 


THE    MAKING    OF    THE    QUEEN- 
BEE 

To  the  American  Bee  Journal  col- 
umns Mr  F.  Greiner  contributes  a  vrey 
interesting  translation  from  the  Ger- 
man, by  Pastor  Kline,  bearing  the 
above  heading,  and  supported  by  this 
foundation  sentence. 

"In  regard  to  the  physiology  of  the 
worker  and  the  queen  bee  I  have  con- 
cluded, after  a  close  observation,  that 
the  female  bee-larva,  when  but  little 
developed,  embraces  within  her  little 
body  two  distinct  possibilities  or  ten- 
dencies, viz:  1st,  to  develop  either 
into  a  mother-bee,  or,  2nd,  into  a  nurse 
or  worker  bee.  One  is  irresistibly 
forced  to  the  conviction  of  its 
being  an  error  that  the  worker-bee  is 
a  dwarfed  or  undeveloped  female  bee, 
for  in  the  worker  as  well  as  in  the 
queen  do  we  find  different  organs  in 
the  highest  state  of  perfection.  The 
worker  is  endowed  with  that  wonder- 
ful system  of  glands,  the  pollen-bas- 
kets, the  stronger  tongue  and  jaws; 
the  queen  with  those  perfect  organs  of 
reproduction." 

Mr.  Kline  proceeds  1p  show  that  no 
distinguisking  line  really  exists — that 
the  degree  of  development  of  the  re- 
spective functions  is  proportionate  to 
extent  or  thoroughness  of  the  treat- 
ment during  the  larval  stage,  as  pre- 
scribed by  nature — and  that  the  dis- 
tinguishing characteristics  blend,  or 
overlap  to  an  extent  that  entirely 
obliterates  the  dividing  line.    He  says: 

"What  do  we  know  about  a  larva  de- 
veloping into  a  worker  in  one  case, 
into  a  queen  in  another?  It  is  believed 
that  we  must  look  for  a  certain  admix- 
ture in  the  laiwal  food,  or  that  the  lat- 
ter is  more  plentifully  administered, 
and  thus  produces  the  queen  bee.  It 
appears  that  as  soon  as  the  larval  food 
is  changed  the  development  changes 
with  it,  but  it  comes  very  gradually.  I 
have  taken  five-day  worker  larvae  and 
transferred  them  to  queen-cells.  They 
should  have  been  sealed  after  one-half 
day,  but  it  was  accomplished  only  in 
a  full  day,  and  yet  the  resulting  queen 
could  hardly  be  distinguished  from  a 


worker.  The  older  the  larva  selected 
for  a  queen  at  the  time  the  change  Is 
made,  the  nearer  the  resulting  queen 
will  be  like  a  worker. 

"Worker  larvae,  when  from  one  to 
one  and  a  half  days  old,  have  hardly 
received  other  treatment  than  queen 
larvae.  Not  till  the  end  of  the  second 
day  can  we  notice  that  the  lai'val  food 
is  more  scantily  supplied  to  woriver 
than  to  queen  larvae.  Even  when  a 
three-day  worker  larva  is  placed  into 
a  qiieen  cell  full  of  royal  food,  its 
growth  is  slower  than  that  of  one  that 
has  been  in  a  queen  cell  from  the  be- 
ginning, and  we  can  notice  some  dis- 
tinguishing marks  in  the  natural  in- 
sects between  those  that  were  reared 
from  one,  or  two-day  larvae.  I  trans- 
ferred 30  one-half  to  one  day  old 
worker  larvae  to  queen  cells,  let  them 
remain  therein  for  two  days,  and  final- 
ly returned  them  to  worker  cells.  I 
succeeded  only  with  two.  One  of  the 
larvae  was  immediately  sealed  after 
the  second  transfer,  and  produced  a 
perfect  worker  bee;  the  other  one  was 
not  sealed  quite  so  quickly  and  pro- 
duced a  queen,  small  and  weak,  show- 
ing round  head  and  curved  hairs  on 
the  hind  legs,  and  possessing  a  short 
tongue.  This  experiment  shows  that 
a  queen  larva  can  be  changed  into  a 
worker." 

"The  moral  of  the  whole,"  says  Mr, 
Kline,  "is  this:  The  earlier  a  larva  re- 
ceives royal  treatment,  and  therefore 
the  more  lavish  she  is  fed.  the  better 
and  more  perfect  will  be  the  resulting 
queen." 

In  conclusion,  Mr.  Greiner  makes 
the  following  supplementary  com- 
ments: "While  I  fully  endorse  the 
moral,  I  wish  to  say  this:  Our  posi- 
tive knowledge  of  this  mysterious  mat- 
ter is  restricted  to  the  fact  that  the 
queen  larva  is  fed  more  lavishly  and 
slightly  differently  during  the  latter 
pei'iod  of  her  life.  We  do  not  know 
that  this  difference  in  food  and  food 
supply  produces  the  I'esults  we  see.  I 
believe  the  real  cause  is  not  under- 
stood, and  what  we  see  are  only  the 
accompanying  circumstances.'' 

It  is  evident,  as  asserted  by  Mr. 
Greiner,  that  nothing  very  definite  is 
really  known  upon  this  subject;  but 
The  Bee-Keeper  is  pleased  to  be  able 
to  assure  its  readers  that  this  problem 
is   now   undergoing   a   series   of   very 


1904 


TffE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


63 


careful  and  thorough  experiments  at 
the  hands  of  a  most  capable  student 
of  apiculture,  and  one  who  is  especial- 
ly conversant  with  the  biological 
phases  of  the  art.  We  therefore  an- 
ticipate the  development  of  knowledge 
before  the  lapse  of  many  months  which 
will  prove  of  inestimable  value  to 
queen  breeders.  There's  "somethin' 
doin'." 


A  GOOD  FARM  PAPER  FREE. 

The  Bee-Keeper  invites  the  atten- 
tion of  its  readers  to  an  announcement 
in  the  advertising  columns  of  this  issue 
oifering  them  a  free  yearly  subscrip- 
tion to  the  American  Farmer,  Indian- 
apolis, Ind.  The  price  of  the  Farmer 
is  50  cents  a  year,  but  by  subscribing 
for  it  through  The  Bee-Keeper  office, 
and  in  connection  with  The  American 
Bee-Keeper,  it  will  cost  our  readers 
nothing  for  a  whole  year.  We  believe 
many  of  our  subscribers  will  be  glad 
to  avail  themselves  of  this  liberal  of- 
fer; and  we  shall  esteem  it  a  special 
favor  if  they  will  kindly  mention  this 
proposition  to  any  bee-keepiuj?  friend 
not  at  present  a  subscriber. 
*-*-¥ 

A  NOTEWORTHY  THAW  IN  MIS- 
SOURI. 

In  our  January  issue  we  "had  to 
show"  Editor  Abbott  a  few  things  in 
regard  to  specialized  journalism  in  api- 
culture. In  his  journal,  the  Modern 
Farmer  and  Busy  Bee,  for  February, 
Mr.  Abbott  comes  back  at  the  editor 
of  The  Bee-Keeper  with  the  following 
sarcastic  thrust.  It  is  a  relief,  how- 
ever, to  be  permitted  to  read  something 
in  a  cheerful  vein  from  Mr.  Abbott's 
pen,  when  criticising  a  point  not 
wholly  in  accord  with  his  own  views 
upon  the  subject: 

There  comes  a  wail  from  the 
swamps  of  Florida  that  indicates  that 
Bro.  Hill,  of  the  American  Bee-Keeper, 
is  in  a  bad  way.  However,  his  friends 
need  not  be  alarmed.  He  will  no  doubt 
come  out  all  right,  for  we  see  that  he 
reads  The  Modern  Farmer  and  no  man 
who  peruses  regularly  the  clean  pages 
of  this  high  grade,  moral,  agricultural 
monthly  can  remain  off  his  base  very 
long. 


The  American  Farmer  free  to  our 
readers.    See  announcement  elsewhere. 


BEE  PARALYSIS— WHAT'S  THE 
CAUSE? 
With  reference  to  Mr.  Atchley's  the- 
ory as  to  the  cause  of  bee-paralysis, 
Mr.  O.  O.  Poppleton,  whom  we  con- 
sider one  of  the  very  best  authorities 
in  the  country  upon  the  question,  says: 
"Mr.  Atchley  must  have  either  a  very 
peculiar  kind  of  bees  or  an  unusual 
form  of  paralysis."  "For,"  says  he, 
"one  of  the  distinguishing  characteris- 
tics of  the  malady  is  an  abnormal 
brood-rearing  inclination,  so  much  so 
that  they  are  rai-ely  able  to  care  for 
the  excessive  amount  of  brood  found 
in  afflicted  colonies." — American  Bee- 
Keeper. 

The  above  editorial  we  clip  from  the 
American  Bee-Keeper,  page  255,  1903. 
While  I  have  always  had  due  rever- 
ence for  Mr.  Poppleton  and  all  other 
bee  brethren,  Bro.  Hill,  it  is  very  essen- 
tial that  we  get  at  the  root  of  these 
matters.  Mr.  Poppleton  is  high  au- 
thority on  apiculture,  but  I  feel  very 
sure  that  he  is  mistaken  as  to  bee  pa- 
ralysis. Please  allow  me  to  ask  Mr.  P. 
a  few  simple  questions,  and  if  he  will 
give  satisfactory  answers  then  I  will 
bow  and  sit  down.  First.  Why  is 
pollen  always  found  in  the  sacs  of  bees 
dying  with  paralysis?  Second.  What 
was  that  pollen  taken  for?  Third. 
Is  not  pollen  always  used  in  brood- 
rearing?  Then  why  are  bees  always 
healthy  in  confinement  when  they  have 
no  pollen  at  all?  Certainly,  the  very 
character  of  the  so-called  disease  is  an 
abnormal  brood-rearing  inclination,  as 
everything  would  be  normal  if  it  were 
not  so.  Why,  sure  bees  are  not  in  a 
shape  to  care  for  brood  when  they  have 
their  bodies  chock  full  of  old,  soured 
pollen,  which  has  been  there  so  long 
that  they  cannot  use  it,  and  ultimate 
death  is  the  only  alternative  for  Na- 
ture to  perform.— Southland  Queen. 

The  foregoing  extract  was  submitted 
to  Mr.  Poppleton  with  a  request  for 
an  early  response,  and  the  following 
hurriedly  written  comments  are  the 
result.  From  a  long  and  intimate  as- 
sociation with  Mr.  Poppleton,  we  are 
strongly  inclined  to  believe  that  Broth- 
er Atchley  will  find  his  opponent  quite 
equal  to  any  demands  he  may  be 
pleased  to  make  upon  his  resources,  in 
the  matter  of  practical  experience  with 
paralysis;  and  that  Mr.  Atchley's  posi- 
tion must  be  greatly  reinforced  before 
it  is  generally  regarded  as  tenable  by 
the  craft. — Editor  Bee-Keeper. 


64 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


March 


I 


Stuart,  Fla.,  Feb.  17,  1904. 
Friend  Hill: 

Thanks  for  the  clipping  you  sent  me 
from  an  editorial  in  the  January  num- 
ber of  The  Southland  Queen.  I  will 
try  to  answer  Mr.  Atchley's  questions. 

To  his  first  and  second  questions  I 
would  say  that  it  is  not  a  fact  that 
"pollen  is  always  found  in  the  sacs 
of  bees  dying  with  paralysis."  All  the 
diseased  bees  that  I  have  dissected 
and  examined  with  Coddington  lens 
showed  no  appearance  whatever  of 
pollen  in  the  sacs.  They  seemed  to  be 
filled  with  pure  honey.  To  his  third 
question  the  only  answer  there  can  be 
is  yes. 

I  cannot  help  thinking  that  I  was 
right  in  saying  that  "Mr.  Atchley 
must  have  either  a  very  peculiar  kind 
of  bees  or  an  unusual  form  of  disease." 
His  theory  is  quite  ingenious,  but,  un- 
fortunately, several  well-observed 
facts  throw  almost  certain  doubt  on 
the  theory. 

1st.  Drones  are  quite  subject  to  the 
disease,  and  they  have  never  been  ac- 
cused of  being  chyle  producers.  Mr. 
Atchley  is  without  doubt  mistaken 
when  saying  that  drones  do  not  die 
with  the  disease.  Many  others  be- 
sides myself  have  reported  on  that 
point,  at  least  two  Texas  beekeepers 
having  done  so  within  the  last  two 
months. 

2nd.  The  disease  seems  to  be  much 
more  prevalent  in  certain  strains  or 
families  of  bees.  At  least  four  times 
within  the  last  ten  years  I  have  had 
to  utterly  destroy  certain  queens  and 
all  their  daughters;  nearly  all  the  cases 
in  my  apiary  being  confined  to  these 
particular  bees.  Certain  viue'.Mi3  seem 
to  iMinsirit  the  germs  of  the  disease 
thrcvgh  queen  daughters  to  their  i)ro- 
geny.  This  looks  as  though  there  <  an 
be  but  little  doubt  that  the  disease  is 
of  a  nature  to  be  transmitted  from  one 
generation  to  another.  It  will,  liow- 
ever,  take  the  most  skillful  scientific 
examination  to  absolutely  determine 
this  point — an  examination  which 
neither  Mr.  Atchley  nor  myself  have 
the  facilities  to  do. 

3rd.  Colonies  which  have  had  the  dis- 
ease one  season,  but  recovered  without 
treatment  of  any  kind,  are  much  more 
liable  to  have  the  disease  next  season 
than  are  other  colonies. 

4th.  It  is  the     old  bees,     the     field 

workers,  that  die;  not,  as  a  rule,  the 

1   are   ti>e  ones   that 


prepare  the  chyle.  If  chyle  was  in 
any  manner  the  cause  of  the  disease, 
the  nurse  bees  would  be  the  ones  af- 
fected, not  the  field  workers.  My  own 
conclusions,  as  to  cause  and  effect, 
are  directly  opposite  to  those  of  Mr. 
Atchley.  I  think  the  strong  inclina- 
tion shown  by  the  diseased  colonies  to 
rear  all  the  broo-d  they  possibly  can  is 
caused  by  the  disease,  and  that  the 
disease  is  not  a  result  of  the  brood 
rearing  inclination. 

All  badly  diseased  colonies  are  very 
short  of  field  workers  and  have  an  un- 
duly large  proportion  of  young  or 
nurse  bees.  All  weak  colonies  with 
prolific  queens  have  a  strong  desire  to 
raise  all  the  brood  they  can.  In  nearly 
all  badly  diseased  colonies  many  more 
eggs  are  laid  by  the  queen  than  the 
few  field  workers  can  gather  food  for. 
I  have  never  noticed  that  colonies  de- 
^■eloped  any  abnormal  brood  rearing 
desire  before  being  weakened  by  the 
disease.  It  looks  to  me  as  though  the 
facts  point  to  a  shortage  of  the  chyle 
supply  rather  than  an  over  supply. 

The  undoubted  fact  that  the  proper 
use  of  sulphur  has  and  will  cure  the 
disease  indicates  that  its  nature  is  en- 
tirely different  from  Mr.  Atchley's 
Idea  of  it.  I  don't  see  how  that  fact 
and  Mr.  Atchley's  theory  can  be  re- 
conciled. 

There  are  still  other  reasons  why  it 
looks  to  me  as  though  Mr.  Atchley's 
"facts"  on  which  he  bases  his  theory, 
aro  quite  badly  mixed. 

While  I  am  not  absolutely  certain 
that  sick  bees  can  carry  the  disease, 
yet  I  am  so  well  satised  that  they  can 
do  so  that  I  take  considerable  care  to 
prevent   it.  O.   O.   Poppleton. 


REMOVING  SECTIONS  FROM  THE 

sri'!:R. 

In  Mr.  Greiner's  interesting  article 
published  in  this  number,  he  refers  to 
the  liability  of  the  one-piece  section  to 
pull  apart  at  the  dovetailed  corner  ■ 
when  removing  finished  goods  from 
the  super,  and  asks  if  our  trouble  in  > 
this  respect  may  not  be  multiplied  by 
the  use  of  a  section  having  four  such  i 
corners. 

We  do  not  know  Mr.  Greiner's  meth-  \ 
od  of  removing  completed  sections 
from  the  super;  but  in  all  the  comb  | 
honey  we  have  handled  we  do  not  | 
remember  to  have  had  such  an  ex- ' 
perience  in  a  single  case,  and  do  not 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


65 


think  it  has  occurred.  This  experience 
inclndes  the  handling  of  many  car- 
loads of  comb  honey,  and  in  sections 
of  various  types.  The  plan  we  use 
may  be  of  interest  to  some  of  our 
readers : 

If  the  T-super  is  in  use,  have  a  wide 
board  (similar  to  a  new,  nucleated  flat 
hive  lid)  always  at  hand.  Upon  this 
place  smoothly  a  piece  of  carpet  fully 
as  large  as  the  top  of  the  super.  Slack- 
en all  wedges,  stand  the  super  on  end, 
stand  the  cloth-covered  board  against 
the  open  top,  incline  the  super  towards 
the  l)oard  and  in  direct  contact  con- 
tinue the  motion  with  both  until  the 
super  rests  inverted  upon  the  board 
and  lays  flat  upon  the  work  table.  The 
super  may  now  be  readily  lifted,  and 
the  sections  stand  free.  In  case  of 
extreme  propolizing,  it  may  be  neces- 
sary to  lift  one  end  of  the  super  and 
let  drop  with  slight  force  upon  the 
carpet,  but  no  harm  will  come  to  the 
honey  as  a  result. 

If  a  super  on  the  plan  of  the  old 
Heddon  style  is  used,  the  super  is  in- 
verted in  the  same  way,  and  the  sec- 
tions forced  down  to  the  carpet  by 
means  of  a  follower  made  of  a  piece  of 
4x4. 


,,MmiS«a||!igy4«i.i|!Si 


Elmira.  N.  Y.,  Feb.  21.  1004. 
Gentlemen:  I  wish  to  ask  a  little  fa- 
vor of  you  in  regard  to  hiving  swarms. 
Now  we  can  hive  one  swarm  all  right, 
but  when  two  or  more  come  out  and 
light  on  the  same  limb,  at  the  same 
time,  we  have  a  hard  time  of  it,  and  in 
a  good  many  cases  we  lose  some  of  the 
swarms.  If  you  can  give  a  little  advice 
upon  this  question  through  the  columns 
of  The  Bee-Keeper  we  will  be  vei-y 
thankful  to  you.  Sincerely  yours. 
Chas.  Koop. 


such  unpleasant  condition  of  afEairs, 
where  natural  swarming  is  permitted, 
it  is  Avell  to  have  all  queens  clipped, 
and  promptly  caged  as  they  issue. 
Such  combinations  usually  all  return 
to  one  hive,  that  hive  being  the  one 
upon  the  alighting-board  of  which  a 
caged  queen  has  been  left  exposed; 
and  when  in  the  judgment  of  the  op- 
erator, a  proper  proportion  of  the  clus- 
ter has  entered  with  the  first  queen, 
the  hive  may  be  removed  from  the 
stand,  well  covered  with  a  sheet,  and 
another  empty  hive  placed  at  once  in 
its  place  and  another  queen  released 
with  the  Ingoing  bees.  In  this  way 
the  process  may  be  repeated  as  often 
as  the  number  of  queens  and  swarms 
may  dictate,  and  no  difficulty  is  in- 
volved. If  queens  are  not  clipped,  and 
the  apiarist  is  unable  to  find  in  the 
festoon  and  cage  the  superfluous 
queens,  perhaps  the  better  plan  would 
be  to  shake  the  swarm  upon  a  sheet 
several  feet  from  the  entrance  to  the 
hive  prepared  for  its  reception,  put 
a  few  bees  close  enough  to  the  entrance 
to  give  the  call  and  start  in;  then,  with 
cage  in  hand  sharply  scan  the  moving 
mass  as  it  proceeds  to  the  entrance, 
and  cage  the  extra  queen  or  queens. 
If  the  eye  is  trained  to  such  work,  the 
queens  may  usually  be  found  in  this 
way,  and  the.  swarms  thus  divided. 
Our  advice  is,  however:  Have  your 
queens  clipped,  and  thus  insure  the 
safe  and  easy  management  of  swarms. 
With  undipped  queens  at  swarming 
time,  the  apiarist  must  "trust  to  luck." 
To  the  writer  the  plan  is  most  unsat- 
isfactory.— Editor. 


When  two  or  more  swarms  in  the 
apiary  are  out  at  the  same  time,  they 
usually  combine  in  the  cluster.  We 
have  seen  18  swarms  thus  clustered 
together.  If  queens  are  not  clipped, 
the  apiarist,  under  such  circumstances 
certainly  has  a  most  disagreeable  job 
upon  his  hands.    To  guard  against  any 


HONEY  AND  BEESWAX  MARKET. 

Boston,  Feb.  19,  1904.— There  is  a 
little  better  demand  in  comb  honey, 
which  is  the  beginning  of  the  spring 
demand.  The  stocks  in  hand  are  ample 
to  take  care  of  all  possible  demands. 
Our  prices  we  quote  as  follows:  Fancy 
white,  16c.;  A  No.  1,  15  l-2c.;  No.  1,  15 
to  15  1-2.  Extracted,  fancy  white,  8c.; 
light  amber  6  1-2  to  7c.,  according  to 
quality. — Blake,  Scott  &  Lee. 


Toronto,  Canada,  Feb.  22.— We  are 
under  the  impression  that  a  good  many 
bee-keepers  who  sold  honey  early  in 
the  season  are  ahead,  as  the  prices 
and  demand  for  honey  at  present  are 
not  so  good  as  earlier.  The  supply 
is  abundant,  with  rather  slow  demand. 


66 


THH    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


March 


We  quote  our  market  today  as  follows: 
Comb,  $1.25  to  $1.50,  wholesale.  Ex- 
tracted, 6  1-2  to  7  l-2c.  Beeswax,  30c. 
— E.  Grainger  &  Co. 


Milwaukee,  Feb.  15. — The  demand 
for  honey  is  dragging  slow,  with  liber- 
al supply.  We  are  hoping  and  expect- 
ing an  improvement  in  the  demand 
during  the  spring  months.  We  quote: 
10  to  14c.  as  to  quality,  for  comb  honey; 
extracted,  white  in  barrels,  6  1-2  to  7c. 
in  cans  and  pails,  7  1-2  to  8c.  Bees- 
wax, 30c.  for  choice,  pure  goods. — A. 
V.  Bishop  &  Co. 


24  sections,  $2.50  to  $2.75;  No.  2,  per 
case,  $2.25  to  $^40;  extracted,  white, 
7  l-2c.,  light  amber,  6  1-2  to  6  3-4c. 
Beeswax  wanted  at  26  to  30c. — The 
Colorado  Honey  Producers'  Associa- 
tion. 


Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Feb.  13.— We  be- 
lieve the  demand  for  honey  will  begin 
to  increase  from  now  on,  but  do  not 
think  prices  will  go  any  higher.  The 
supply  is  large,  with  fairly  good  de- 
mand. We  quote:  Fancy  comb,  $2.50 
No.  1,  $2.40  per  case;  extracted,  6  to 
7c.  Beeswax,  30c. — C.  C.  demons  & 
Co.  

New  York,  Feb.  13. — Some  producers 
hold  back  their  honey  too  long.  In 
the  fall  the  demand  was  good  at  good 
prices;  now  concessions  have  to  be 
made  to  move  it.  The  supply  is  quite 
large  for  this  time  of  year.  The  de- 
mand is  rather  slow  for  all  kinds.  We 
quote  our  market  today  as  follows: 
White  comb,  12  to  14c.;  dark,  9  to  lie; 
extracted:  white,  6  to  6  1-2;  dark,  5 
to  5  l-2c.  Beeswax,  28  to  29c.— Hil- 
dreth  &  Segelken. 


Albany,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  18.— The  unpre- 
cedented cold  winter  has  made  the  de- 
mand for  honey  slow  at  any  time. 
There  is  a  surplus  in  the  -market.  We 
quote:  Comb,  10  to  13c.;  extracted, 
5  to  7c.  Beeswax,  28  to  30c.— H.  R. 
Wright. 


Hamburg,  Germany,  Jan.  6. — Cali- 
fornia amber,  per  cwt.  $8.33;  white, 
$8.80.  Shipments  of  honey  soon  due 
are  offered  at  $7.66  and  $8.14.  All 
honey  importations  are  subject  to  im- 
port duties  of  $4.76  per  100  lbs. — L. 
Gabian. 


Denver,  Feb.  l3.^The  supply  of 
honey  in  fancy  grade  is  small,  though 
plentiful  in  No.  2  and  off  grades.  The 
demand  is  better  than  last  month.  The 
probabilities  are  that  stock  will  all  be 
cleared  up  before  the  new  crop  ar- 
rives. We  quote  our  market  as  fol- 
lows:   No.  1  comb,  white,  per  case  of 


Chicago,  Feb.  8. — The  demand  is  bet- 
ter for  all  grades  of  honey  than  at  any 
time  since  beginning  of  December  of 
last  year.  Stocks  are  now  being  re- 
duced, but  at  the  same  time  prices  are 
easy.  Many  have  had  it  so  long  that 
they  are  anxious  to  make  sales.  No. 
1  to  fancy  white  comb  honey  sells  at 
12c  to  13c.;  amber  gi-ades,  10c  to  lie; 
dark,  etc.,  9c.  to  10c. ;  white  extracted, 
6e.  to  7c.,  according  to  quality,  kind 
and  flavor;  amb'er  5c.  and  6c.  Bees- 
wax;, 30c.  per  pound. — R.  A.  Burnett 
&  Co. 


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'HE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO:,  MEDINA,  QHIO. 
Breeders  of  Italian  bees  and  queens. 


r^EO.  J.  VANDE  VORD,  DAYTONA,  FLA. 
vJ     Breeds   choice    Italian    queens   early.     All 
queens  warranted  purely  mated,  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed . 

p     H.  W.  WEBER,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 
^-     (Cor.  Central  and  Freeman  Aves.)    Golden 
yellow.  Red  Clover  and  Carniolan  queens,  bred 
from  select  mothers  in  separate  apiaries. 

THE  HONEY  AND  BEE  COMPANY,  BEE- 
1  VILLE,  TEXAS.  Holy  Land,  Carniolan, 
Cyprian,  Albino  and  3  and  5-banded  Italian 
queens.  Write  for  our  low  prices.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed.. 

TOHN  M.  DAVIS,  SPRING  HILL,  TENN..  sends 
J  out  the  choicest  3-banded  and  golden  Italian 
queens  that  skill  and  experience  can  produce. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.    No  disease. 


I  B.  CASE,  PORT  ORANGE,  FLA.,  has  fine 
^  •  golden  Italian  queens  early  and  late.  Work- 
ers little  inclined  to  swarm,  and  cap  their  honey 
very  white.  Hundreds  of  his  old  customers  stick 
to  him  year  after  year.     Circular  free. 


CWARTHMORE  APIARIES,  SWARTHMORE, 
^  PA.  Our  bees  and  queens  are  the  brighest 
Italians  procurable.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Correspondence  in  English,  French,  German  and 
Spanish.    Shipments  to  all  parts  of  the  world. 

WZ.  HUTCHINSON,  FLINT,  MICH. 
•     Superior  stock  queens,  $1.50  each;  queen 
and  Bee-Keepers'  Review  one  year  for  only  $2.00. 


NEW  CENTURY  QUEEN-REARING  CO.,  (John 
W.  Pharr,  Prop.)  BERCLAIR,  TEXAS,  is 
breeding  tine  golden  and  3-banded  Italian  and 
Carniolan  queens.  Prices  are  low.  Please  write 
for  special  information  desired. 


PUNIC    BEES.      All    other    races    are    dis- 
carded  after  trial   of  these   wonderful   bees. 
Particulars    post    free 
Sheffield,    En^'laud. 


lU  GORE'S     LONG-TONGUED       STRAIN 
''^    of  Italians  become  more  and  more  popu- 
lar  each   year.     Those  who    have   tested   them 
John    Hewitt    &    Co.,  '  know    why.      Descriptive    circular    free    to    all. 
4      I  Write  J.  P.  Moore,  L.  Box  1,  Morgan,  Ky.     4 


MAPS. 

A  vest  pocket" Map  of  your  State. 

New  issue.  These  maps  show  all 
the  Counties,  ia  seven  colors,  1^11 
railroads,  postoflfices — ana  mur!» 
towns  not  given  in  the  postal  guiJc 
— rivers,  lakes  and  mountains,  wiih 
index  and  population  of  co'jnties, 
cities  and  towns.  Census — it  gives 
all  official  returns.  We  will  send 
you  postpaid  any  state  map  you 
wish  for 


20  cents 


(silver). 


JOHN  W.   HANN, 

Wauneta,  Neb 


American 


BEE 


Journal 


16  -  p.  Weekly. 
Sample  Free. 
jO"  All  about  Bees  and  their 
profitable  care.    Best  writers. 
Oldest  beepaper;  illustrated. 
Departments  for  beginners 
and  for  women  bee-keepers. 
Address, 
OBORaB  W.  YORK  &  CO.. 
144  &  146  Erie  St.  Chicago,Ill. 


CLUBBING    LIST. 


We   will    send   The   American 
Keeper  with  the — 

Price 
Rocky  Mountain  Bee  Jour- 
nal     $  .50 

What  to  Eeat  1.00 

Bee-Keepers'  Review 1.00 

Canadian  Bee  Journal   1.00 

Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture. .  1.00 

American  Queen 50 

The  American  Boy 1.00 

Irish  Bee  Journal 36 

Poultry  News   25 


Bee- 

Both 

$  .75 

1.00 

1.35 

1.35 

1.35 

.60 

1.00 

.65 

50 


FREE 


TO  OUR 
SUBSCRIBERS  I 


THE  GREAT 


AMERICAN 
FARMER 

OF  INDIANAPOLIS^   IND., 

One  of  the  leading  agricultural  journals  of  the  nation,  edited  by  an 
able  corps  of  writers. 

This  valuable  journal  in  addition  to  the  logical  treatment  of  all 
agricultural  subjects,  also  discusses  the  great  issues  of  the  day,  there- 
by adding  zest  to  its  columns  and  giving  the  farmer  something  to  think 
about  aside  from  the  every  day  humdrum  of  routine  duties. 

FOR  A  LIMITED  TIME 

By  special  arrangement  with  the  publishers  we  are  enabled  to  offer 
all  Bee-Keeper  readers  the  American  Farmer  one  year  absolutely  free. 

TWO  FOR  TUB  PRICE  OF  ONE 

Every  new  subscriber  who  sends  us  fifty  cents  to  pay  for  The 
Bee-Keeper  one  year  may  also  have  the  American  Farmer,  without 
extra  charge.  Every  old  subscriber  who  pays  up  in  full  and  one  year 
in  advance  is  also  entitled  to  a  year's  subscription  to  the  Farmer. 

YOl  ARE  INVITED  TO  TAKE  IMMEDIATE  ADVANTAGE  OF  THIS  OFFER 

ADDRESS: 

I  The  American  Bee=Keeper  | 

Falconer,  New  York 


THE  ONLY  GERMAN   AGRICULTIRAL  MONTH- 
LY IN  THE  LNITED  STATES  Jt^^j^^^Ji^ 

FARM  UND  HAUS 

The  most  carefully  edited  German 
Agricultural  journal.  It  is  brimful  of 
practical  information  and  useful  hints 
for  the  up-to-date  farmer;  devoted  to 
stock  raising,  general  farming,  garden- 
ing, poultry,  bee-keeping,  etc.,  and  con- 
tains a  department  for  the  household, 
which  many  find  valuable.  Another  de- 
partment giving  valuable  receipts  and 
remedies  called  "Hasarzt,"  in  fact  every 
number  contains  articles  of  real  prac- 
tical use. 

Price  only  35  CENTS  per  year.  Sam- 
ple copy  free. 

Send  subscriptions  to, 

FARM    UND    HAUS 

&     tf.  BLUFFTON,  OHIO. 


Are  You  Looking  for  a  Home? 

No  former  should  think  of  buy- 
ing land  before  seeing  a  copy  of 
THE  FARM  AND  REAL  ESTATE 
JOURNAL.  It  cfntoins  the  largemt 
list  of  lands  for  sale  of  any  paper 
published  in  Iowa.  Reaches  30,- 
000  readers  each  issue,  and  ia  one 
of  the  best  advertising  mediums  to 
reach  the  farmers  and  the  Home- 
Seekers  that  you  can  advertise  in. 
For  75c  vee  v^ill  mail  you  the  Jour- 
nal for  1  year,  or  for  ten  cents  in 
silver  or  stamps  vpe  will  send  you 
the  Journal  2  months  on  trial. 
Address, 

Farm  and  Real  Estate  Journal, 
TRAER,  TAMA  CO.,  IOWA. 
10-tf. 


Attica  Lithia  Springs  Hotel 

Lithia-Sulpbur  Water  aud  Mud  Baths 
Nature's  Own  Great  Cure  for 

...RHEUMATISM.... 

and  Kindred  Diseases,  such  as  Liver 
and  Kidney  Complaints,  Skin  and 
Blood  Biseases,  Constipation,  Nervous 
Prostration,  etc. 

A  new  aud  up-to-date  hotel.  Large,  airy, 
light  and  finely  furnished  rooms,  with  Steam 
Heat,  iSlectrio  Lights,  Hot  and  Cold  Water 
on  each  floor.  Rates  including  Room,  Board. 
Mud  Baths,  Lithia-Sulphur  Water  Baths  and 
Med  AtteudHnce  (noextras)  J3.))  aud 
$3.00  a  dav,  according  to  room. 

WRITE  FOR  BOOKLET. 

Address  Box  3, 

tf     Lithia  Springs  Hotel,  Attica,  lad. 


Strawberries. 

Young,  healthy,  fresh,  vigor- 
ous stock  in  prime  conditioi?  for 
spring  planting. 

All 

Leading 
Varieties 

wiue  lor  prices  and  terms. 
MONROE    STRAWBERRY    CO., 

Box  66  MONROE,  MICH. 


Headquarters  for  Bee-Suppiies 

ROOT'S  GOODS  AT  ROOT'S  FACTORY  PRICES. 

Complete  stock  for  1904  now  on  hand.  Freight  rates  from  Cincinnati  are 
the  lowest.  Prompt  service  is  what  I  practice.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Langstroth   Portico  Hives  and   Standard  Honey-Jars  at  lowest  prices. 

You  will  save  money  buying  from  me.  Catalog  mailed  free.  Send  for 
same. 

Book  orders  for  Golden  Italians,  Red  Clover  and  Carniolan  Queens;  for 
prices  refer  to  my  catalog. 

C.   H.  V^.  WEBER, 


Ofllce  and  Salesrooms  2146-48  Central  Ave. 
Warehouses— Freeman  and  Central  Aves. 


CiNCINNATI,  OHIO. 


La  Compania 
Manufacturera  Americana 

ofrecc  los  mas  reducidos  prccios  en  to- 
da  clasc  de  articulos  para  Apicultorcs. 
Nuestra  Fabrica  cs  una  de  las  mas 
grandes  y  mas  antiguas  de  America. 
Especialidad  en  Colmenas,  Ahumadores 
para  Colmenas,  Extractores,  etc.  In 
ventores  y  perfeccionadores  de  muchos 
articulos  de  suma  utilidad  en  la  Apicul- 
tura.  Enviamos  gratis  nuestro  catalogo 
y  precios  a  quienes  lo  soliciten.  Dirija- 
nse  a. 

THE  AMERICAN  MFG.  CO., 

Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  E.  U.  A. 


The  only  strictly  cigricultural 
paper  published  in  this  btate.  The 
only  agricultural  paper  published 
every  week.  It  goes  to  every  post 
office  in  State  of  Tennessee  and  to 
many  offices  in  Kentucky,  Alabama, 
Georgia,  Mississippi,  Arkansas, 
Texas,  Florida  and  Louisiana.  It 
is  the  official  organ  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Department  of  Tennessee  and 
Live  Stock  Commission.  Subscrip- 
tion $1  per  year  in  advance. 

Tennessee  Farmer  Pub.  Co., 
etf  Nashville,  Tenn. 


FIGHTING  ROOSTERS 

Mystify  and  amuse  your 
f  rieuds,  These  are  two  gen- 1 
nine  game  roosters  with  1 
feathers,  they  fight  to  a 
finish,  and  are  always  ready 
to  fight.  The  secret  of  their 
movements  is  only  known  to 
the  operator.  Will  last  a  life-  /i! 
time.  10c  per  pair,  3  for  2&C, 
postpaid.    Address 

ZENO  SUPPLY  COMPANY 


Indianapolis 


BOX  J. 


Indiana 


The  Kecord. 

The  Oldest  and  Leading  Belgian 
Hare  Journal  of  America  and 
England. 

R.  J.  FiNLEY,  Editor  and  Publisher, 

The  only  journal  having 
an  English  Belgian  Hare 
Department. 

One  copy  worth  the  yearly 
subscription. 

If  interestea,  aon  t  fail  to 
send  2-cent  stamp  for  sample  . 
copy  at  once.     Address, 

R.  J.  FINLEY, 

^^-  MACON  ,  MO. 


When  writing  to  advertiser  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


To  SubterlberB  of 
THE  AMERICAN  BEE=KEEPER 

And  Oth«fni! 

Until  Further  Notice 

We  Will  Send  The 

Country 
Journal 

to  Any  addrese  in  the  U.  8.  A.,  on* 
year  for  10  cents,  prorldlng  you 
mention  American  Bee-Keeper. 
■^  The  Country  Journal  treats  on 
5  Farm,  Orchard  and  Garden,  Poul- 
i?  try  and  Fashion.  It's  the  best  pa- 
I  per  printed  for  the  price. 
4       Address, 

]     The  Country  Journal, 

Allentown,  Pa. 

2tf 


If  our  special  offer  in  this  number 
interests  you,  write  today  and  enclose 
subscription. 


Be  sure  that  each  colony  has  a  good 
fertile  queen. 


Sunshine 


is  gaining  ad- 
miration as  a 
jiojmlar    litera- 

rv  faiiiilv 

■~""™™™™"~^~"^"~"  MAGAZINE. 
It  entertains  its  readers  witli  good  short  stor- 
ies, sketches  and  poems  by  the  most  famous 
authors  of  the  day  and  is  a  magazine  of  supe- 
rior merit. 

It  is  a  welcome  visitor  in  every  home. 

Price  25  cents  a  year. 

We  wish  to  haye  our  magazine  in  your 
vicinity  and  as  a  special  offer  for  new  readers 
we  will  send  you 

Sunshine  for  1  Year  for  lOc. 

Think  of  it.  less  than  one  cent  a  copy.    Can't 
you  act  as  our  agent  ? 

ADD.  MAYES  PUB.  CO., 
LOUISVILLE,       =        KENTUCKY. 

THE  SOUTHERN  FilER, 

ATHENS,  GA. 


Subscription,  ....  50  Cents  a  Year. 


Published  tbe  First  of  Every  Month 

and    Circulates    in    £very 

Southern    State. 


ADVERTISING    RATES   ON   APPLI- 
CATION. 


50    YEARS' 
EXPERIENCE 


Trade  Mahks 

Designs 

Copyrights  &.c. 

Anyone  sending  a  sketch  and  description  may 
quickly  ascertain  our  opinion  froe  whether  an 
invention  is  probably  patentable.  Communica- 
tions strictly  confidential.  Handbook  on  Patents 
sent  tree.  Oldest  asiency  for  securing  patents. 

Patents  taken  throuprh  Munn  &  Co.  receive 
tpeciat  notice,  without  ch.irgc.  in  the 


A  handsomely  illustrated  weekly.  Largest  cir- 
culation of  any  scientific  journal.  Terms,  $3  a 
year  :  four  months,  ?1.    Sold  ty  all  newsdealers. 

&Co.3^^«^°^''*^^' New  York 

Branch  Office.  S?-";  F  Ht..  Washington,  B.  C. 


National  Bee<-Keepers'  Association, 

The  largest  bee-keepers'  society  in  the 
world . 

Organized  to  protect  and  promote    the 
interests  of  its  members. 

Mcfflbership  Pee,  $1.00  a  Year. 

N.E.  PRANCE,  Platteville,  Wis.. 

General  Manager  and  Treasurer. 


Clubbing  Offers 

Here  is  a  Sample: 

Modern  Farmer $  .50 

Western  Fruit  Grower 50 

Poultry  Gazette 25 

Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture 1.00 

$2.25 
All  One  Year  for  only  $1.00. 

Write  for  others  just  as  good,  or  bet- 
ter. 

SAMPLE  FREE. 

New  subscribers  can  have  the  Amer- 
can  Bee  .Journal  in  place  of  Gleanings, 
if  they  wish,  or  all  for  $1.60.  Renew- 
als to  A.  B.  .T.  add  40c.  more. 

MODERN  FARMER, 

The  Clean  Farm  Paper 
St.  Joseph,  Mo. 


Beeswax 
Wanted 


We  will  pay  29  cents  cash  or  31  cents 
in  goods  for  good  quality  of  Beeswax, 
freight  paid  to  Falconer,  N.  Y.  If  you 
have  any,  ship  it  to  us  at  once. 
Prices  subject  to  change  without  notice. 
THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MFG.  CO. 


When  writiuK'  to  advertisers  mention 
Tlie  American  Bee-Keeper. 


T^ee  Supplies  from  Lewis 

They  are  the  finest. 
THOUSANDS  OF  BEE  HIVES, 
MILLIONS  OF  SECTIONS, 

Ready  for  Promnt  Shipment. 

G.  B.  Lewis  Co.^^ST!:a. 

I-:ASTERN  agencies.  C.  M.  Scott  & 
Co.,  1004  East  Washington  St.,  Indianapolis, 
Ind. 

THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.. 
Front  and  Walnut  Sts., 
CINCINNATI.  OHIO. 

Catalogue  Free.  tf. 


Out  Specialty  for  over  30  Years  has  been  the  Manufacture  of  all  Kinds 


Including  Bee-Hives  and  Frames,  Section  Honey-Boxes, 
Shipping-Cases,  Honey  and  Wax  Extractors,  Bee-Smokers, 
Bee-Comb  Foundation,  Comb-Foundation  Machines,  Comb- 
Foundation    Fasteners.     Perforated    Queen-Excluders,    etc. 


In  fact,  a  full  line  of  every  tiling  required  by  bee-keepers.  T 
superior  excellence  of  these  goods  is  such  that  they  have  a  worl 
wide  reputation,    and   dealers   handling   them  generally  say: 


<tf 


Catalog  for  1904.  93d    Edition.— Our  Catalog 
full  of  valuable   information,  and  is  ready  for   mailmg.     Apply 
once  to  the  nearest  agent  or  branch  house,  or  to  the  home  ofhce.    \ 
send  it  free  to  all  applicants. 

Gleanings   in    Bee   C\iltiire.— If  you  will  rivc 
the  names  and  addresses  of  ten  or  more  bee-keepers  we  will  seud  3; 
in    addition,  if   you  request   it,  our   44-page  semi-monthly  jourr 
Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture,  for  3  months  free.     Price  $1.00  per  ye 


Agents.^     Because  of  the  great  demand  for  Root's  G( 
we  have  established  agencies  all  over  the  United  States  and  m  m^ 
foreip-n  countries.     Some  of  the  more  important  are  mentioned  bel 


M.  II   limit  Si.  Son,  Bell  Branch.  Wayne  Co.,  Mich 
Geo.  K.  Hilton,  Fremont,  Newaygo  Co.,  Mich. 
C.  H.  W.  Weber,  2146  Central  Av..  Cincinnati,  O. 


Missouri. 


Prothero  &  Arnold,  DuBois,  Clearfield  Co.,  Pa. 
K.  H.  Farmer,  182  Friend  Street,  Bo.ston,  Mass. 
Carl  F.  Buck,  Augusta,  Butler  Co.,  Kansas. 
Griggs  Brothers,  Toledo,  Ohio. 
X,.  A.  Watkins  Mdse.  Co.,  Denver,  Colorado. 
A.  F.  McAdams,  Columbus  Grove,  Ohio. 
K   Grainger  &  Co.,  Toronto,  Ont. 
Nelson  Bros.  Fruit  Co.,  Delta,  Colo. 


Walter  S.  Ponder,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Vickery  P.ros.,  Evan.sville,  Ind. 
Joseph  Nysewander,  I)es  Moines,  Iowa. 
John  Nebel  &  Son,  High  Hill,  Montg.  Co 
Rawlings  Implement  Co.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

In  addition  to  the  above  mentioned  we  have  hundreds  of  ott 
who  handle  our  goods  in  large  or  small  lots,  some  of  them  handl 
specialties  only,  like  Root's  Cowan  Extractor,  Root's  Weed  Cc 
Foundation,  etc.  When  you  want  standard  Bee  Supplies  place  y 
order  with  any  of  the  agents  or  branch  houses  mentioned  on  this  pi 
or  write  our  home  office  for  name  of  agent  nearest  you. 


M.a.in  Office  and  ^WorRs,  Medina,  OS^io,  U.  S.  A, 


CHICAGO,  ILL  ,  144  Kast  Rrie  Street. 
PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  lo  Vine  Street. 
SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 
MECHANIC  FALLa,  ME. 


>B  R  A  N  C  H  £  S' 


ST    PAUL    MINN.,  1024  Miss.  St. 
SAN  ANTONIO,  TEXAS,  4.^8  W.  Houston  S 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C  I  TOO  Md.  Av.,  S.  W. 
HAVANA,  CUBA,  San  Ignacio  17. 


Entered  at  the  Postoffice,  Fort  Pierce,   Fla..  as  second-class  mail  matter 


kSALZERS 
^    FARM 
SEED  NOVELTIES 


Salzer's  National  Oats. 

Most  prolific  Oats  on  earth.  The 
U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture,  Wash- 
ington, Bays:  "Salzer's  Oats  are  the 
best  out  of  over  four  hundred  sorts 
tested  by  us."  This  grand  Oat 
yielded  In  Wisconsin  156  bu.,  Ohio 
187  bu.,  Michigan  231  bu.,  Missouri 
255  bu. ,  and  North  Dakota  310  bu.  per 
acre,  and  will  positively  do  as  well  by 
you.    Try  It,  sir,  and  be  convinced. 

A  Feiv  Sworn  to  Yields. 

Salzer'i  Beardless  Barky,  121  bu.  per  A. 
Salzer's  Houiekuilder  Corn,  301  bo.  peri. 
Salzer's  Big  Four  Oats,  250  bo.  per  A. 
Salzer's  New  National  Oats,  310  bu.  peri. 
Salter's  Potatoes.  736  bu.  per  A. 
Salzer's  Onions,  1,000  bo.  per  A. 
All  of  our  Farm  and  A'^egetAble  Seeds  are 
I)edigree  stock,  bred  right  up  to  big  yields. 

Salzer's  Speltz  (Enuner). 

Greatest  cereal  wonder  of  the  age.  It  is 
not  corn  nor  wheat,  nor  rye,  nor  barley,  nor 
oats,  but  a  golden  combination  of  them  all, 
yielding  80  bu.  of  grain  and  4  tons  of  rich 
straw  hay  per  acre.  Greatest  stock  food  on 
earth.    Does  well  everywhere. 

Salzer's  Million  Dollar  Grass. 

Most  talked  of  grass  on  earth.  Editors  and 
College  Professors  and  Agricultural  Lecturers 
praise  it  witliout  stint;  yields  14  tons  of  rich 
nay  and  lots  of  pasture  besides,  per  acre. 

Salzer's  Teoslnte. 

Salzer's  Teosiiite  produces  113  rich,  juicy, 
sweet,  leafy  eincks  from  one  kernel  of  seed,  14 
feet  higli  in  90  days;  yielding  fully  80 
tons  of  green  fodder  per  acre,  doing 
well  everywhere,  Kast,  SVest,  South 
or  Nortlx.  

Grasses  and  Clovers. 

Only  large  growers  of  grasses  and 
clovers  for  seed  in  America. 
Operate  over  5,(KX)  acres.  Our 
seeds  are  warranted.  We  make 
a  great  specialty  of  Grasses  and 
Clovers,  Fodder  Plants,  Com, Po- 
tatoes, Onions,  Cabbage, and  all , 
sorts  of  Vegetable  Seeds. 


For  10c  in  Stamps 

and  the  name  of  this  paper,  we 
will  send  you  a  lot  of  farm 
seed  samples,  including  some 
of  above,  together  with  our 
mammoth  14o  p.ige  illus- 
trated catalogue,  for 
hut  10c  in  postage 
stamps. 

Send  for  same 
to-day. 


JOHN  A.SALZER  SEED  CO. 

LA  CROSSE.  WIS. 


We 


It 


Druggists    Who    Sell 

Dr.   Miles'   Nervine 

Agree,  If  It  Fails, 

To  Refund  Cost. 

Of  course  we  reimburse  the  druggist. 

You  know  him,  and  trust  him. 

Dr.  Miles'  Nervine  is  medicine  for  youi 
nerves. 

It  cures  diseases  of  the  internal  or- 
gans, by  giving  tone  to  the  nerves  which 
make  these  organs  work. 

It  is  a  novel  theory — not  of  anatomy, 
but  of  treatment;  first  discovered  by 
Dr.  Miles,  and  since  made  use  of  by 
many  wide-awake  physicians,  who  ap- 
preciate its  value  in  treating  the  sick. 

If  you  are  sick,  we  offer  you  a  way  to 
be    made    well — Dr.    Miles'    Nervine. 

This  medicine  is  a  scientific  cure  for 
nerve  disorders,  such  as  Neuralgia, 
Headache,  Loss  of  Memory,  Sleepless- 
ness, Spasms,  Backache,  St.  Vitus' 
Dance,  Epilepsy  or  Fits,  Nervous  Pros- 
tration, etc. 

Ey  toning  up  the  nerves.  Dr.  Miles' 
Restorative  Nervine  will  also  cure  those 
diseases  of  the  internal  organs  due  to 
a  disordered  nervous  system. 

Gome  of  these  are:  "^  Indigestion,  Bil- 
ious Headache,  Kidney  Trouble,  Chronic 
Constipation,  Dropsy,  Catarrh,  Rheuma- 
tism, etc. 

"My  brother  had  nervous  prostration, 
and  was  not  expected  to  live.  I  pre- 
vailed upon  him  to  try  Dr.  Miles' 
Restorative  Nervine,  and  now  he  has 
fully  recovered.  You  remember  I  wrote 
you  how  it  saved  my  life  a  few  years 
ago,  wlien  I  had  nervous  trouble.  I 
preach  its  merits  to  everyone." — REV. 
M.    D.    MYERS,    CorrectJonville.    Iowa. 

F75"r»Tji  Write  us  and  we  will  mail 
j\i±jj!i  you  a  Free  Trial  Package  of 
Dr.  Miles'  Anti-Pain  Pills,  the  New, 
Scientific  Rem<jkdy  for  Pain.  Also  Symp- 
tom Blank  for  our  Specialist  to  diagnose 
your  case  and  tell  you  whnt  is  wrong 
and  how  to  right  it,  Absolutely  Free. 
Address:  DR.  MILES  MEDICAL  CO., 
LABORATORIES,    ELKHART,    IND. 


"We   1-ave   an   awfu!    appetite    for   orders." 

'i-he   W.  ,T.    FALCf^NER    MFG.    CO. 

"ec-keepers'  Supplies  Jamestown,  N.   Y, 

Send  us   your  name  and   address  for  a  cata- 
'ogue. 


The  subscription  price  of  the  ROCKY 
MOUNTAIN  BEE  JOURNAL  is  50  cents. 
We  will  send  it  with  THE  BEE-KEEPEK 
one  year  for  only  1^  cents. 


Bee    Hives 
Sections 

EVERYTHING 


THAT  IS  USED  BY  BEE-KEEPERS  CAN  BE 
PROCURED  OF  US  AS  CHEAPLY  AS  ANY- 
W'HERE,  AND  WE  KNOW. 

Our  Goods  are  Superior 

ROTH  IN  MATERIALS    AND    WORKMAN- 
SHIP TO  THOSE  OF  ANY  COMPETITOR. 

One   Trial   Will   Convince   You 

THAT'S  ALL  WE  ASK.  WE  KNOW  YOU 
WILL  NEVER  BUY  OF  ANYBODY  ELSE. 

Our  new  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list  is  now 
ready.  Send  for  one  on  a  postal  card. 


The  W.  T. 
FALCONER  MANFG.  CO., 

JAMESTONA/N,  N.  Y. 


IF  YOU  S 

WANT  TO  GROW    ffi 

Vegetables,  Fruits  and  Farm  ^ 
Products  in  Florida  subscribe  ^ 
for  the  FLORIDA  AGRICUL=  @ 
JURIST.  Sample  copy  sent  ^ 
on  application.  (^ 


E.O.  Painter  Pub.  Co. 

JACKSONVILLE,  FLORIDA. 


DO  YOUR  HEN^  PAY? 
This  woman  understands 
her  business,  10  Dozen 
Eggs  at  36c.  per  dozen 
irom  180  hens  in 
one  day. 


BARNES' 

Foot  Power  MacMnery, 

This  cut  represents  our 
Combined  Machine,  which 
is  the  best  machine  made 
for  use  in  the  construction 
of  Hives,  Sections,  Boxe», 
etc.  Sent  on  trial.  Send  foi 
Catalogue  and  Price  List. 
VV.  F.  &  J.  BARNES  CO., 
913   Ruby   St.,   Rockford.111 


DTP  M  A  n  A  7fNt?  0"e  year  free  to  quickly  iii- 
DlU  InliUnZimD  troduce  it.  As  good  as  Harp- 
er's, Munsey's,  Ladies  Home  Journal  or  McClure's 
SendlO  cents  to  help  pay  postage.  AITIEKIC  »  ^ 
ST«»KIES.  Oept,  fl.D.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich 


isBiHiipm 


The  only  Pipe  made 

tliat  cannot  be  t*:»!d  | 

from  a  cigar.   Holds 

a  large  pipe  full  of 

tobacco  and  lasts  for  years.     Agents'  outfit   and  a  25-cent  sampl# 

by  mail  for  10c. ,  and  our  Big  Bargain  Catalog  Free.    Address, 

Zeno  Supply  Co.,  South  Bend,  Ind. 


HOHH  WORK 

week.    Enclose  stamp. 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich: 


Either  sex,  mailing 

circulars.      $  12    per 

H.   D.   LEADER  CO  , 

tf. 


promptly  obtained  OR  NO  FEE.  Trade-Marks, 
Caveats.  C.)pyri(;ht3  and  LtibelB  registered. 
TWENTY  YEAiflS' PRACTICE.  Highest  references. 
Sead  model,  sketch  or  photo,  for  frse  report 
on  patentability.  All  business  confidential. 
HAND-BOOK  FREE.  E-xpIains  everything.  Tells 
How  to  Obtain  and  Sell  Patents,  What  Inventions 
Will  Pay,  How  to  Get  a  Partner,  explains  best 
meohanio.al  movements,  and  contains  300  other 
BubJectB  of  importance  to  inventors.        Address, 

H.  B.  WILLSON  &  CO.  a.S,s 


790  F  Street  North, 


WASHINGTON,  D.C. 


That    Egg 

Sasket 

tells  the 
story. 


Ten  Dozen  at  36e.  pep  doz.  in  one  d  »v  f  o) 
Our  New  Boofc  "Helps  for  Poiiltry  Ke 

how,  explains  why  so  many  fail  and  so  t^ 
A  Book  we  can  commend  with  a  good  C( 
a  GRE.-VT  HELI*  to  allPoultry  Keeper, 
old.    Describes  (It)  varieties  of  fowls,  well  J. 
and  contains  a  Poultry  Keepers  Account 
gain  or  loss  monthly  ;on  heavy  paper  won  h  .i-.        . 
This  Book  Free  with  our  Poultry  Paptr  one  year  tor 
2.'>f.  or  Book  free  with  psp'-r  :t  months  for  lOc. 
Descriptive  circular.s  Free  lor  stamp  topay  postage. 
Wayside  I'oultry  to.,  Cliiitonville,  Conn. 


DON'T  KILL 


YOURSELF,  WASHING  THE  oLoJ 

WAY,  BUT  BUY  AN  E  M  P  I   R  Ej 

WASHER,  with  tokich  lh»  ( 
frailest  woman  can  do  an  or- 
dinar]/  wathing  in  one  hour, 
without  wetting  her  hands. 
Sample  atwholeaaleprict.  Satisfaction  Gtiaranteed. 
No  pav  until  tried.  Writefor  Rluntrated  Cataloipt* 
andpricei  of  Wringers, Ironing  Tables,  Clothes  ReeU, 
DryingBars,  \fagonJaeks,<(;e.  AgrentsWanted.  Lib- 
eral Terms.  QuickSalesl  Little  Workil  Big  Pay  Ml 
J^ci<£re««,THi  EMriKiWASHKK  Co.,  Juaestewn.N.z . 


MAPS. 

A  Test  pocket  Map  of  your  State. 

New  issue.  These  maps  show  all 
the  Counties,  in  seven  colors,  all 
railroads,  postoffices — and  man) 
towns  not  given  in  the  postal  guid^> 
— rivers,  lakes  and  mountains,  wiih 
index  and  population  of  counties, 
cities  and  towns.  Census — it  gives 
all  official  returns.  We  will  send 
you  postpaid  any  state  map  you 
wish  for 

20  cents  (silver) 

JOHN  W.   HANN, 

„,,  Wauneta,  Neb 


Homes  in 

Old  Virginia. 

It  is  gradually  brought  to  light 
that  the  Civil  war  has  made  great 
changes,  freed  the  slaves,  ^nd  in 
consequence  has  made  the  large 
land  owners  poor  and  finally  freed 
the  land  from  the  original  owners 
who  would  not  sell  until  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  There  are  some 
of  the  finest  lands  in  the  market  at 
very  low  prices,  lands  that  produce 
all  kinds  of  crops,  grasses,  fruits, 
and  berries;  fine  for  stock.  You 
find  green  truck  patches,  such  as 
cabbage,  turnips,  lettuce,  kale, 
spinach,  etc.,  growing  all  the  win- 
ter. The  climate  is  the  best  all  the 
year  around  to  be  found,  not  too 
cold  nor  too  warm.  Good  water. 
Healthy.  Railroads  running  in 
every  direction.  If  you  desire  to 
know  all  about  Virginia  send  10c. 
for   three    months    subscription    of 

the    VIRGINIA   FARMER  to 

Farmer  Co.,  Emporia,  Va. 


THE   DIXIE   HOME  MAGAZINE 

10c  a  year.  Largest, Brightest  and  Finest  Illustrated 
Magazine  in  the  World  tor  10c  a  year,  to  intro- 
duce it  only. 

It  is  bright  and  up-to-date.  Tells 
all'  about  Southern  Home  Life.  It  ia 
full  of  fine  engmvings  of  grand  scen- 
ery, buildings  and  famous  people. 
Send  at  once.  10c.  a  year  postpaid 
anywhere  in  the  U.  S.,  Canada  and 
Mexico.  3  years  50c.  Or,  clubs  of  Q 
names  50c.,  12  for  $1.  Send  us  a  club. 
Money  back  if  not  delighted.  Stamps 
taken.  Cut  this  out.  Send  today. 
THE  DIXIE  HOME, 
Birmingham,  Ala. 

When  writing,  mention'  the  Am.  BeeKeeper. 


There  is  bo  trade  or  iirofession  better  catered  to 
oy  good  journals  than  that  of  the  farmer.       Unin- 
telUfeat  BBprogreesiyeBrss  has  new  bo  ezeai*. 
tf. 

Good  Adveitisers 

Those    who   are  careful   where    thej 
place  thtJr  advertising  money,  uae 

BARNUM'S 

MIDLAND  FARMER 

which  reaches  over  30,000  prosperous, 
wide-awaks.  buying  farmers  every  is- 
sue. Regular  rate  14  cents  per  agate 
line,  but  send  us  a  trial  order  at  10 
cents  per  line  ($1.40  per  inch  each 
time),  and  we  will  place  it  where  it 
i  will  do  the  most  good.  Two  or  more 
!  new  subscriptions  (sent  together).  20 
cents  per  year.  Sixteen  pages,  four 
columns  to  page.  Departments  eover- 
•■  ing  every  branch  of  farming  and  stock- 
raising.  The  little  journal  that  is 
"readand  re-read  by  its  readers."  Bar- 
num's  Midland  Farmer,  No.  22  North 
Second  st..  St.  I.ouis.  Mo.  Ttf 


Poultry  Success 

14th  Year,  iZ  to  64  Pages. 

The  2oth  Century 

POULTRY  MAGAZINE, 

Beautifully  illustrated,  50  cts.  per  year. 

JGreatlj^  improved  and  enlarged.  Shows 

readers  how  to  succeed  with  poultry 

SPECIAL  INTKODUCTORY.oOFFER. 

3  years,  00  cts.;  1  year,  25  cts.;  4 
months'  trial,  10  cts.;  stamps  ac- 
cepted. 

SAMPLE  COPY  FREE. 

Large,  Illustrated,  Practical  Poultry 
iBook  FREE  to  yearly  subscribers. 

Catalogue  of  poultryi  publications 
FREE.     Address  nearest  oifice. 

I         POULTRY  SUCCLSS  CO., 

Dept.    16. 
DesMoiues,  Iowa,       Springfield,  Ohio. 


A  BATHiuxur- 

^ker  UMPIRE 

talteainanLl        Portable 

Folding  BATH  TUB. 

Used   in  any  room. 

Agents    WAyxEn. 

Catalogue  Free, 
a,  The  EMPIRE 
^WASHER  CO., 

Jamestown,n.y. 


nA/^e  want 

Erery  reader  of  tbe  American  T5ee-K«^ner  to 
■rite  for  a  free  sample  cooy  wf  the 

FOCKY  liOniiTMI^-  BfE  JCUF^^HL 

Tells  you  about  Western  methods,  co-opcra- 
tire  honey  sellinp  and  the  treat  big:  crops  that 
hare  made  the  Alfalfa  regions  famous.  Address 
the  publisher, 

H.  C.  MCEEHCUSE, 

•Eculde'^    Colo. 


AGENTS  Wanted  'washing  Machines. 

You  can  double  your  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

and  they  sell  easily.     We  have  sold  over   150,000  In  the  last  fourteen  years.      They 
are  cheaper  than  e'l'er.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co.,    Jamestown,  N.Y. 

The  Nebraska  Farm  Journal 

A    monHily    journal    devoted    to 
agricultucal     interests.  Largest 

circulation  of  any  agricultural  pa- 
per in  the  west.  It  circulates  in 
Missouri,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Iowa 
and  Colorado. 

C.  A.  DOUGLASS,  prop. 
Itf  1123  N  St.,  l.incoln,  Neb. 


The  Towa 

Horticultural 

Paper. 

Monthly, 
50  cents 
per  year. 

It  is  unique, 
planned  on 
original  lines. 

You  cannot 
be  up-to-date 
in  fruit  growing  unless  you  read  it. 

Balance  of   this   year  free  to  new 
subscribers. 

THE  FRUITMAN, 

Mt.  Vernon,   Iowa. 


Hi 


W.   M.    Gerrish,    R.    F.    D.,    Epping,    N.   H., 
keeps    *    complete    supply    of    our    goods,    «nd 
Eastern    customers   will   save   freight   by    order 
ing  of  him. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  Co. 


AUSTRALIANS. 

NOTE  the  address— 

Pender  Bros., 

WEST  MAITLAND, 
New  South  Wales,       Australia. 

The  largest  manufacturers  of    Beekeepers' 
Supplies  in  the  Southern  Hemispliere, 
and    publishers    of   the    AUSTRALASIAN 
BEEKEEPER,   the  leading  bee  journal  south 
of  the  equator. 
Sample  copy  and  64-page  catalogue,  FREE 
6-tf  


When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper 


I  CASH  FOR  YOU 


The  American  Bee-Keeper  is  in  the  market  to  buy  arti- 
cles on  bee-keeping  subjects.  Articles  with  photog-raphs 
to  illustrate  are  especially  desired.  We  will  pay  well  for 
good  work.  We  want  reporters  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 
Give  us  an  opportunity  to  bid  on  your  pen  productions 
and  the  results  of  your  photographic  skill.     Address, 

THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER, 

Fort  Pierce,  Fla. 


S      Special  Notice  to  Bee^lceepers !      ji 


BOSTON  i 

Money  in  Bees  for  You.  S 

Catalog  Price  on  I 

ROOT^S  SUPPLIES  | 

Catalog  for  the  Asking.  L 

1^ 

F.  H.  Farmer,  182  Friend  St.,  ^ 


'II 

i 


Boston,  Mass. 

up  First  Flight. 


PROVIDENCE  nUEENS 
ROYE  THEIR  yOALITlES 

TO  BE 

UNEXCELLED   "" 

Head  yonr  colonies  with  them. 
Use  them  to  invigorate  your  stock. 
They  will  increase  your  proifits. 
Produced  by  many  years  of  careful 
breeding.  A  circular  will  be  sent 
on  request. 

LAWRENCE   C.  MILLER, 
P.  O.Box  1113.  Providence,  R.  I. 

Put  Your  Trust  in  Providence  Queens 


20  per  cent.  Profit 

Pineapples,  Oranges,  Grape  Fruit 

Made  a  Specialty  for  Non-Resident  Owners 
and   Intending   Settlers   in    the 

Lovely   Lake  Region  of  South    Florida. 

20  per  cent,   annual  return   on   investment. 

Pure  air,  pure  water,  no  mosquitoes.  Higl 
»lne  and  oak  land,  bordered  by  fresh  water 
lakes,  suited  to  all  cirtus  fruits  and  pineapples. 
Good  title.  Time  payments.  Address  for  de- 
scriptive matter,  W.  E.  Pabor,  Manager  Pa- 
bor  Lake  Pineries,  Avon  Park,  Fla.  tf 


CAVEATS,  TRADE  MARKS, 
COPYRIGHTS  AND  DESIGNS. 

I  Send  your  busines.'?  direct  to  Washinfjton, 
saves  time,  costs  less,  better  service. 

My  office  close  to  U.  S.  Patent  Office.  FREE  preHmln- 
*  ary  examinations  made.  Atty's  fee  not  due  nntil  patent 
;  is  secured.  PERSONAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN-19  YEARS 
ACTUAL  EXPERIENCE.  Book  "How  to  obtain  Patents," 
,  etc.,  sent  free.  Patents  procured  througli  E.  G.  Siggera 
I  receive   special    notice,    without  charge.    In    the 

INVENTIVE    AGE 

[  illustrated  monthly — Eleventh  year — terms,  $1.  a  year. 


918  FSt..  N.  W., 
washington,  d.  c. 


E.e.SI(!GEIIS, 


KK 


If,    BmQHAM 

Jj     has   made   all    the   im- 
provem».-iits   in 

Bee  Smokers  and 
Honey  Knives 

made  in  ihe    last  30   years,  undoubtedly 
he  makes  the  best  on' earth. 

Smoke  EDgine,   4  inch  stove,   none  too  largt,   sent 
postpaid,  per  mail %\  50 

iM  inch 1.10 

Knife,  80  cents.  3  inch i.OO 

2^  inch 90 

r.  F.  Bingham,  ?J°^''^; ••.••■„:•   ■'" 

,    FarwelLMIch.     '-'"^^^"°'^^^-^'°-     '' 

Pate  t  Wired  Comb  Fonndation 

haa  no  sag  in  brood  frames. 

Thin  Flat  Bottom  Fouadatioa 

has  HO  Fish-bone  in  Surplus  Honey. 

Being  the  cleanest  is  usually  worked  the 
quickest  of  any  foundation  made.  The  talk 
about  wiring  frames  seems  absurd.  We  furnish 
a  Wired  Foundation  that  is  Better,  Cheaper 
and  not  half  the  trouble  to  use  that  it  is  to 
wire  brood  frames. 

Circulars    and    samples    free. 

J.    VAN  DEUSEN    S  SONS, 

Sole    Manufacturers 
Montgomery  Co.,   Sprout  Brook,  N.  Y. 


I.  J.  STRINGHAM, 

105  Park  Place, 
NEW     YORK  . 
Furnishes  everything  a  bee-keeper  uses.     We  endeavor  to  have 
our  line  of  supplies  include  the  most  practical  articles.     Full  col- 
onies of  bees.     Nuclei  colonies  and  queens  in  season,       Discount 
for  early  orders. 
Apiaries.     Glen  Cove,  L.  I.  Catalog  free. 


Bee  Supplies  Exclusively 

A  complete  line  of  Lewis'  flue  Bee    I  Bingham's    Original    Patent   Smokers 

supplies.  and  Knives. 

Dadant's  Foundation.  I  Root's  Extractors,  Gloves,  Veils,  etc. 

Queen  Bees  and  Nuclei  in  Season.    In    fact   anything    needed    in   the   "Bee- 
Line,"  at 

FACTORY  PRICES  HERE  IN  CINCINNATI 


Where  prompt  service  is  yours,  and     freight  rates  are  lowest.     Special  dis- 
count for  early  orders.     Send  for  cata  log. 

THE   FRED   W.  MUTH   COMPANY 

(We're  Successors  to  Nobody,  nor  Nobody's  Successors  to  Us.) 
51  WALNUT  STREET  CINCINNATI,  OHIO 


3  and  5=Banded  Italian 
and  Carniolan  Queens. 

Say  friends,  you  who  have  support- 
ed us  during  the  past  season,  we 
desire  to  express  our  thanks  for 
your  patronage  in  the  past,  and 
respectfully  solicit  a  continuance  of 
your  valued  favors  through  the  sea- 
son of  1904. 

Our  queens  now  stand  upon  their 
merits  and  former  record.  We  are 
preparing  for  next  season,  and  seek- 
ing the  patronage  of  large  apiarists 
and  dealers.  We  do  not  claim  that 
our  queens  are  superior  to  all  oth- 
ers, but  that  they  are  as  good  as 
the  best.  We  will  furnish  from  one 
to  a  thousand  at  the  following 
prices:  '""''sted  of  either  race,  $1; 
one  unte  d,  75c.,  5  for  $3.25,  10 
for  $«,  15  for  $8.25,  25  for  $12.50,  50 
for  $23.50.  100  for  $45. 
For  descriptive  circulars  address, 

JOHN  W.  PHARR,  Prop., 

New  Century  Queen  Rearing  Co.,  Ber- 
clair,  Goliad  Co.,  Texas. 


American 


BEE 


Journal 


16 -p.  Weekly. 

— Sample  Free. 

O"  All  about  Bees  and  their 

profitable  care.    Best  writers. 

Oldest  bee  paper;  illustrated. 

Departments  fur  beg-inners 

and  for  women  bee-keepers. 

Address, 

QEGRQE  W.  YORK  &  60. 

144  &  146  Erie  St.  Chicago.Ilu 


Fort   Pierce,   Florida,   or  James- 


J  Subscription   Agencies.            C 

2  Subscriptions    for     the    Ameri-   ^ 

2  can  Bee-Keeper  may  be  entered   C 

3  through  any  of  the  following  C 
^  agents,  when  more  convenient  © 
J  than  remitting  to  our  offices  at   g 


I    town,  N.  Y.:  f 

1      J.   E.    Jonhson     Williamsfleld,    © 
1  :ii.  S 


5  The  Fred  W.  Muth  Company, 

^  51  Walnut  St.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

M  T.  Phillips,  Johnsonvllle,  N.  Y. 

S  John  W.   Pharr,  Berclair,  Tex. 

§  W.  O.  Victor,  Wharton,  Texas. 

CJ  Miss    S.    Swan,    Port    Burwell, 

|J  Ontario. 

3  G.    A.     Nunez,     Stann     Creek, 

3  British  Honduras. 

1  Walter  T.  Mills,  Burnham,  N.  © 
•5  Rochestei*,  Kent  Co.,  Ivan  Houae,  5 
J  England.  ^ 
S  G.  J.  S.  Small,  Marton,  Wang-    C 

2  anui,  New  Zealand.  *  S 
I  H.  H.  Robinson,  Independencia  © 
^  16,   Matanzas,   Cuba.                         £ 


0<i5f500©©9<?©^©©WOO®00  ©©©GO©! 


Vol.  XIV 


APRIL,  1904. 


No.  4 


An  April  Morning. 


THIS  moniiug  when  I  woke  I  heard 
The  low,  ,sweet  chatter  of  a  bird 
Beside  my  window,  where  so  long 
I've  missed  the  music  of  the  song 
That  filled  last  summer  with  delight, 
And  saw  a  sudden,  arrowy  flight — 
A  flash  of  blue  that  soars  and  sings — 
A  bit  of  heaven  itself  on  wings. 

"The  bluebird  has  come  back!"  I  cried. 
And  flung  the  window  open  wide. 
I  leaned  across  the  mossy  sill. 
And  heard  the  laughing  little  rill 
That  comes  but  once  a  year,  and  stays 
Through  the  brief  round  of  April  days, 
Then,  when  its  banks  with  blooms  are  bright, 
It  seems  to    vanish  in  a  night. 

The  old  spring  gladness  filled  th'fe  air. 
I  breathed  it,  felt  it  everywhere. 
How  blue  the  sky  was!  and  a  tint 
Of  color  that  was  just  a  hint 
Of  "green  things  growing"  greeted  me 
Along  the  willows  by  the  lea, 
And  I  could  feel,  and  almost  hear. 
The  quickened  pulses  of  the  year. 

A  warm  south  wind  that  seemed  a  draught 

Of  wine  the  sweetest  ever  quaffed 

Blew  round  me,  bringing  balmy  smells 

That  made  me  dream  of  pimpernels. 

And  arbutus  blooms  in  pinewood  nooks. 

And  gay  wake-robins  by  the  brooks, 

Whose  heart  with  spring's  swift  joy  was  stirred. 

And  I  was  happy  as  the  bird 

— Eben  B.  Rexford  in  Home  and  Flowers. 


68 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


April, 


PRINCE  OF  AMERICAN  BEE- 
KEEPERS. 


He  Tells  American  Bee-Keeper  Readers  Something 
of  His  Early  Career,  Failures,  Obstacles  and 
Successes. 

By  W.  L.  Coggshall. 

FIRST,  I  liked  houey  and  had  a 
fondness  for  insects,  especially 
bees.  When  but  10  years  old — 
1862 — we  got  our  mail  but  once 
a  week,  and  I,  being  the  young- 
est, was  sent  for  it,  a  mile  dis- 
tnat  to  a  neighbor's  usually  on 
Sunday  morning.  This  "neighbor," 
Mr.  Metzgar,  had  bees;  and  I  much 
preferred  seeing  the  bees  swarin  to 
going  to  church,  especially  as  in  war 
times  the  sermons  lasted  nearly  one 
and  a  half  hours,  and  then  Sunday 
school,  which  augmented  the  interest 
in  bees  on  Sunday.  Well  do  1  remem- 
ber the  arguments  my  mother  used  to 
hold  with  me  because  I  failed  to  goi 
home  earlier  with  the  mail  on  Sunday 
morning;  as  waiting  for  me  caused 
them  to  be  late  for  church.  If  I  re- 
member correctly,  they  did  not  always 
wait,  and  this  was  quite  agreeable  to 
myself. 

Well,  the  outcome  was  that  father 
got  a  "skep"  of  bees  so  that  I  might 
see  them  swarm  at  home;  and  they 
did  swarm — up  in  the  spare  room  where 
they  were  put  for  winter — one  warm 
day  in  March.  Oh,  how  I  did  mourn 
the  loss  of  those  bees. 

The  next  year  my  grandfather  gave 
D.  H.,  my  older  brother,  one  "skep," 
and  how  well  I  remember  splitting 
elder  stalks  and  cleaning  out  the  pith 
and  slipping  it  into  the  hives  to  catch 
the  worms  of  the  moth-miller,  which 
destroys  so  many  bees.  They  cast  a 
big  swarm,  and  the  next  year  D.  H. 
bought  Kidder's  book  on  bees,  as  well 
as  a  farm  right  to  make  his  patent 
hive. 

In  1866  I  bought  a  "skep"  for  $5.00. 
It  cast  three  swarms,  and  I  got  $8.00 
worth  of  honey.  The  next  year  the 
firm  of  coggshall  Bros,  was  formed. 
The  capital  stock  was  not  in  the  thous- 
ands. We  had  about  thirty  colonies  in 
Kidder  and  box-hives.  These  were  put 
into  the  cellar  to  winter,  but  in  the 
spring  were  taken  out  nearly  all  dead. 
This  was  a  serious  loss  to  us,  but  we 
were  not  entirely  discouraged,  and 
soon    bought   more    bees;    so   that    in 


1S68  we  had  eighty  colonies.  That 
winter  we  aauled  in  logs  and  with 
horse-power  and  u  saw-table  built 
by  my  brother,  we  cut  and  made  150 
Langstroth  hives.  Those  hives  are  in 
use  today.  Tney  were  painted  two 
coats  of  paint.  Rignt  nere  I  beg  to 
say  that  I  honestly  think  that  a  square 
joint  is  better  than  either  a  miter  or 
dovetail,  for  durability — and  they  are 
certainly  cheaper.  The  severe  winter 
of  1869-70  resulted  in  the  loss  of  our 
bees;  but  we  stocked  up,  and  by  1871 
we  again  had  eighty  colonies. 

My  brother  made  an  extractor,  using 
the  gearing  of  an  apple-paring  machine 
in  its  construction.  I'his  was  the  first 
extractor  in  the  country.  Our  crop  of 
3,000  pounds  of  extracted  honey  was 
sold  to  C.  O.  Parrine  at  12  1-2  to  15 
cents  a  pound,  wholesale.  Parrine,  it 
will  be  remembered,  is  the  man  who 
tried  the  floating  apiary  on  the  Missis- 
sippi river;  and  I  want  to  say  right 
here  that  this  plan  will  be  successfully 
consummated  at  no  very  distant  date. 
It  will  be  made  a  success,  and  my  own 
hands  itch  to  assist  in  carrying  on  the 
scheme. 

In  1872  we  had  another  severe  win- 
ter, which  resulted  in  tne  loss  of  one- 
half  of  our  bees.  In  1873  we  sold  our 
crop  of  extracted  honey  to  Mr.  Par- 
rine at  17  cents  a  pound. 

In  1876  the  firm  of  Coggshall  Bro- 
thers dissolved,  and  I  did  not  get 
stocked  up  again  until  the  season  of 
1877.  In  the  spring  or  1878  I  received 
a  check  in  payment  for  noney  of  $341.- 
70.  That  was  the  check  that  set  me 
up  in  the  bee  business.  I  commenced 
to  buy  bees.  In  1880  I  had  125  col- 
onies. The  winter  of  1880-81  was  an- 
other hard  one' — the  mei-cury  being 
below  zero  for  three  weeks  or  .January 
— and  70  per  cent,  of  the  bees  out  of 
doors  were  lost.  Then  I  stocked  up, 
and  the  year  of  1882  was  the  best  I 
have  ever  known  for  bees.  My  aver- 
age being  200  pounds  of  honey  per  col- 
ony, one-fourth  box  or  section  honey 
which  I  sold  at  18  to  20  cents;  and  the 
extracted  at  8  to  10  cents  per  pound, 
wholesale. 

Since  that  time  I  have  continued  to 
buy  bees  wherever  I  could  do  so  to 
advantage;  and  here  I  might  state  that, 
with  four  exceptions,  every  one  of  my 
twenty  apiaries  represents  some  one 
M'ho  has  become  discouraged  at  bee- 
keeping.   Up  to  1894  I  invariably  made 


D.  H.  Ck)ggshall. 


W.   L.   Cosssball. 


ro 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


April, 


the  bees  pay  for  themselves  the  first 
year;  but  since  that  time  prices  of 
honey  have  gone  down,  without  a  cor- 
responding decline  in  price  of  bees, 
and  I  have  not  been  able  to  do  so. 
Competition  is  inci'easing  and  yields 
growing  lighter. 

My  first  out-apiaries  were  started  in 
1879,  at  M.  B.  Miller's  place,  two  and 
one-half  miles  away.  At  this  writing 
I  have  them  scattered  at  distances 
varying  from  four  to  twenty-nine  miles, 
driving  from  here  to  look  after  them. 

I  went  into  winter  quarters  this  win- 
ter with  1965  colonies  in  New  York. 
My  other  apiaries,  situated  elsewhere, 
make  the  aggregate  at  this  time.  3800 
colonies.  Mj^  brother,  D.  H.,  now  has 
650  colonies. 

Groton,  N.  Y.,  March  4,  1904. 

P.  S. — I  have  five  apiaries  with  dif- 
ferent sized  frames — bought  from  dif- 
ferent bee-keepers  Different  fraines 
rquire  different  manipulation,  and  that 
is  about  all  the  difference  I  see  in  dif- 
ferent hives.  The  first  requisite  to  suc- 
cess is  the  honey  source;  .second,  the 
man,  and  appliances  third.  Most  of 
my  bees  are  on  the  original  Langs- 
troth  frame — the  frame  that  Mr.  L. 
first  presented  in  his  book — nine  inches 
in  the  clear.  I  have  six  or  eight  api- 
aries in  ten-fram  simplicity  hives, 
but  prefer  the  larger  size  and  eight 
frames,  as  there  is  .iust  as  much  comb 
surface  in  the  latter.  Though  this  hive 
v.'as  not  patented  it  was  made  so  com- 
plicated that  no  ordinaiT  v-arpentei- 
could  make  the  mitered  .loints.  T  have 
never  bought  but  one  such  hive  from 
the  factory.  W.  E.  C. 


NEW^    ZEALAND. 


Aparian  Conditions  in  the  Fair  Isles  Are  Not 
Satisfactory. 

■By  G.  J.  S.  Small. 

IN  BEING  allowed  the  privilege  of 
addressing  the  bee-keeping  com- 
munit.v  of  America,  through  the 
columns  of  the  American  Bee-Iveeper. 
I  will  endeavor  to  give  an  outline  of 
how  the  industry  stands  a^t  the  pres- 
ent day.  -  ""'■^ 

In  order  that  my  readers  will  bo 
able  to  follow  and  understand  my 
writings,  I  will  ask  them  to  thorough- 
ly understand  the  map  of  Ncav  Zea- 
land, by  which  they  will  see  '^hat  the 


countiy  is  divided  into  two  islands 
(North  and  South),  and  I  may  here  say 
that  from  the  North  Shore  to  the  South 
Shore  we  have  temperatures  ranging 
from  forty-five  degrees  in  the  South 
to  90  degrees  in  the  North,  dunng  sum- 
mer. 

That  being  so,  we  have  a  most  fav- 
ored country  for  bees.  The  bee-keep- 
er can  choose  what  temperature  he 
prefers,  the  kind  of  fiora  he  would  like 
his  bees  to  gather  honej^  from— 
whether  from  the  native  bush,  white 
clover  or  both— with  rainfalls  and 
fiora  to  add  to  one  of  the  largest  hon- 
ey-producing countries  of  its  kind  in 
the  world. 

Then  comes  the  question,  "What 
makes  New  Zealand  produce  so  little 
honey?  AVhat  keeps  the  prices  down?" 
I  will  not  treat  on  the  last  question  in 
these  notes,  leaving  that  for  a  proper 
and  separate  threshing  out;  but  I  in- 
tend to  represent  before  you  facts  that 
are  too  true  to  be  passed  by  with  a 
smile,  and  hope  that  after  reading 
them  my  readers  will  not  jump  to  the 
conclusion  that  this  country  is  no  good 
for  bees.  But  it  is  not  the  bees.  It 
is  the  government.  We  have  no  State 
associations,  like  other  countnes.  We 
have  (with  one  exception)  \o  bee- 
keepers' associations  to  note  our 
rights,  as  there  should  be.  We  have  no 
bee  jounaals,  no  way  of  advising  and 
teaching  the  "beginner"  as  to  how  he 
should  mana^  his  apiary.  Our  gov- 
ernment helps  poultry  farming,  fruit 
growing,  vine  culture  and  other  indus- 
tries, yet  bee  culture  receives  no  aid 
from  the  government,  though  equally 
worthy  and  important;  and  since  its 
introduction,  in  1843.  it  has  had  an  up- 
hill struggle,  making  but  little  ad- 
vancement during  the  past  twenty  or 
thirty  years.  Look  back  twenty  years 
on  the  past  history  of  the  honey  bee  of 
our  colony,  and  there  we  see  the  bee 
lirospering.  There  were  thousands  of 
acres  of  native  bush  upon  whose  fiora 
the  bees  in  their  wild  state  sucked  the 
sweet  nectar,  thus  laying  up  large 
stores  for  winter  use  in  the  hollows  of 
trees.  There  did  the  early  settler  see 
during  the  summer  months  dozens  of 
sw%'irms  pass  over  his  head  man.v  of 
which  he  succeeded  in  catching;  there 
was  to  be  seen  in  the  back  yard  and 
orchard  of  those  early  fathers  some 
ten.  fifteen,  twenty,  fifty  and  eightj 
hives  of  bees  in  all  kinds  of  boxes,  gir 


l'J04. 


11  IK    AMERICAN    BE^MvEF^PEU. 


cases,  and  places  Avhere  it  was  possi- 
ble to  rake  up  a  covering  for  the  bees 
and  from  which  large  returns  of  both 
cash  and  honey  resulted. 

But  what  do  we  see  nowV  The 
scene  has  changed,  and  changed  for 
the  worse.  If  the  present  bee-keping 
community  is  not  awakened  to  a  sense 
of  their  duty  and  realize  the  fact  that 
our  industry  is  sleeping,  the  hopes  of 
tiie  few  bee-keepers  wlio  still  light  on 
against  many  obstacles  will  have  their 
hojies  ci'ush,'ed  to  the  ground,  from 
which  they  will  never  rise.  I  say  the 
scene  is  cnanged.  Here  we  see  the 
land  Avhich  once  was  a  dark,  dense  for- 
est, turned  to  grassy  pastures,  upon 
which  white  clover  blooms  to  its  utter 
best;  but  where  are  the  bees,  those 
pounds  of  honey?  In  many  districts 
they  have  passed  out,  Availe  b\it  a  few^ 
hives  are  scattered  here  and  there, 
while  very  few  who  keep  them 
know  that  thir  hives  consist  of 
a  queen,  drones  and  workers.  They 
want  the  honey  from  their  hives, 
and  to  secure  it  means  death  to 
the  bees,  xhe  brimstone  pit  is  dug, 
and  in  this  way  hundi-eds  of  colonies 
of  bees  ai'e  killed  annually,  thus  de- 
creasing the  bees  of  this  country;  and 
people  ask  why  the  industry  is  not  a 
more  prominent  one 

Reader,  I  say  this  sort  of  thing  must 
be  stopped,  the  modern  appliances  in- 
troduced; those  candle,  soap  and 
gin  cases  must  be  abolished,  and  a  rev- 
olution take  place  in  the  industry.  Hun- 
dreds in  our  country  today  live  in  per- 
fect ignorance  of  the  Langstroth  hive. 
Bee  journals  they  have  not  seen.  The 
good  results  that  follow  this  industi->' 
they  know  not,  ajid  if  this  state  of 
things  exists  as  at  present,  the  bee  m- 
dusti'y  of  this  country  will  in  anothei' 
fifty  years  be  a  thing  of  the  past.  Have 
we  not  a  way  Oj.  placing,  within  the 
reach  of  every  person  who  keeps  his 
two  or  three  hives  or  his  .fifty  hives,  a 
way  that  will  bring  him  in  touch  with 
the  leniding  bee  journals,  the  modern 
system  of  bee  farming,  and  pave  the 
way  to  success  for  him?  I  say  that 
way  lies  through  unity. 

The  editor,  in  his  intei'esting  jour- 
nal, points  out  my  wail  for  associa- 
tions, for  the  furthering  of  the  indus- 
try and  raising  of  low  price?,;  and  it 
is  union  that  will  do  it.  rii,.  ii,si;ocia- 
tions  of  other  counti-ies  linve  helper! 
the  industry,  and  it  will  do  the  same 


here.  If  associations  were  formed, 
their  meetings  would  be  kept  before 
the  public.  They  would  have  as  a 
member  he  who  carries  the  years  of 
an  experienced  bee-master,  as  well  as 
those  who  are  entering  into  tne  trade 
and  seeking  advice.  They  would  ob- 
1a  in  practical  lessons  on  the  art  of 
managing  a  modern  apiaiy.  they 
would  become  subscribers  to  bee  jour- 
nals, and  so  keep  themselves  posted 
;u  the  now-a-day  doings  of  other  coun- 
tries. They  would  1)e  helping  to  place 
the  industry  on  a  level  with  other 
countries. 

Marton,  New  Zealand,  Oct.,  1903. 

HONEY   COMB. 


Nature   and    Art    Brought   Into   Comparison---Com- 

mercial  Foundation  vs.  Natural. 

By  W.   W.   McNeal. 

OXK  of  the  prime  beauties  of  hou- 
eycoml),  wholly  constructed  by 
the  bees,  is  the  wonderfully  su- 
perior supjiorting  power.  Erail  and  del- 
icate to  the  eye  as  the  flowers  from 
whence  its  burden  of  delicious  sweet- 
ness is  derived,  'twould  seem  to  be 
inadequate  to  the  purjioses  for  which 
it  was  made.  Delightfully  fragrant, 
crisp  to  perfection  and  white  as  the 
driven  snow;  yet  these  very  essential 
qualities  are  not  more  desirable  than 
that  of  perfect  freedom  from  all  ten- 
dency to  sag.  No  amount  of  honey  the 
bees  can  ever  store  in  it  will  cause  it  to 
yield  one  particle.  An  overheated  con- 
dition of  the  hive  will  cause  the  comb 
to  melt  down,  or  a  sudden  jarring  of 
the  hive  may  breaiv  the  comb  in  two; 
but  it  will  not  sag. 

In  the  design  of  honeycomb  there  is 
a  radical  departure  from  the  principle 
of  construction  employed  in  building 
a  uouse,  wherein  a  perfectly  upright 
position  of  the  walls  gives  the  greatest 
support  to  the  sti'ucture  ul)tainable. 
Honeycomb  beng  a  susi)euded  struc- 
ture, the  cell  Avails  must  necessarily 
bp  of  such  form  or  shape  that 
will  give  substantial  support  AA'hile 
overcoming  their  o\ami  tendency  to  elon- 
gate, there  must  be  an  equal  distribu- 
tion of  the  Aveight  of  its  lading,  not 
permitting  any  part  or  the  comb 
being  taxed  beyond  endurance. 
The  embodiment  of  that  feature — 
which  Ave  do  find  to  exist  in  honey- 
comb— makes    the    sjscem    a    A'erv    fit- 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


April, 


ting  one  for  the  purposes  of  its  crea- 
tion. It  is,  therefore,  a  practical  sys- 
tem, too,  and  one  that  honey  producers 
cannot  well  afford  to  ignore  in  the  use 
of  comb  foundation.  Taken  in  any 
oilier  way,  tae  power  of  the  comb  to 
resist  the  specific  gravity  of  honey  is 
greatly   lessened. 

There  is  not  a  vertical  wall  in  the 
make-up  of  honeycomb,  even  the  sep- 
tum that  forms  the  bottom  of  the  cells 
is  shaped  to  assist  in  overcoming  the 
tendency  tn  sag.  The  effect  of  ad.iust- 
ing  the  conil)  in  all  its  parts  so  that 
each  wall  will  contribute  in  an  equal 
manner  to  the  support  of  its  neighbor, 
makes  the  structure  exceedingly 
strong,  and  enables  it  to  remain  firm 
and  true  under  all  conditions  of  nat- 
ural usage.  Now,  in  the  manu- 
facture of  comb  foundation,  or 
rather,  in  the  manner  of  using  it, 
one-third  of  the  cell  walls  are  ver- 
tical walls,  thus  breaking  the  sym- 
metry of  the  comb  and  resulting  in  an 
abnormal  lengthening  of  those  walls. 
By  losing  their  tiiie  relationship  with 
the  surrounding  walls,  chey  no  longer 
possess  the  strength  of  the  union  of 
all  the  walls,  but  that  of  a  dividea 
structure.  The  supporting  power  of 
the  comb  is,  therefore,  no  greater  than 
that  represented  by  the  vertical  walls, 
for  nothing  is  stronger  than  its  weak- 
est part.  The  fact  of  the  comb  being 
suspended  in  the  hive  positively  for 
bids  the  use  of  any  plan  or  mode 
of  construction  wherein  a  true  vertical 
line  or  wdll  would  form  any  part  of 
the  comb.  If  you  will  get  a  sheet  of 
comb  foundation  and  hold  it  up  before 
you  in  the  manner  in  which  it  is  cus- 
tomarily used  in  the  comb-frames,  and 
then  turn  it  up  the  other  way,  you  will 
see  the  difference  at  once.  By  revers 
Ing  the  order  of  construction  as  it  ex- 
ists in  natural  honeycomb,  the  rertlcai 
walls  of  comb  foundation  serve  best  to 
promote  any  tendency  to  sag  that 
combs  built  from  refined  wax  m;iy 
have. 

I  hardly  think  that  bees  ever  ar- 
range the  size  of  the  worker  cells  for 
the  rearing  of  drones.  Were  they 
guilty  of  that  misdemeanor  under  cer- 
tain conditions,  we  should  expect,  at 
least,  to  see  them  stick  to  the  regula- 
tion way  of  rearing  their  drone-brood 
along  the  bottom  edges  of  the  comb 
and  not  at  the  top,  where  honey  is 
supposed  to  have  the  right  of  way.  But 


since  that  feature  is  conspicuous  by  its 
absence  in  hives  of  natural-buUt 
combs,  we  conclude  that  the  enlarged 
cells  in  the  upper  half  of  combs  built 
from  comb  foundation  are  due  to  defi- 
cient sustaining  power  of  those  combs. 
However,  bee-keepers  would  better 
look  into  this  matter  fully,  and  ascer- 
tain, if  possible,  to  what  extent  the 
sagging  of  comb  lOundation  is  direct- 
ly attributable  to  having  departed,  in 
the  manufacture  of  it,  from  the  true 
ai'chitectural  style  of  honeycomb. 

Commercial  comb  foundation  saves 
the  bees  much  time  in  buildmg  their 
combs,  for  a  tremendous  large  force  of 
them  can  begin  the  work  of  complet- 
ing it,  at  the  same  time.  This  tends  to 
increase  the  yield  of  honey,  but  it 
adds  nothing  to  the  quality  of  bonev. 
Ready-drawn  combs  are  even  more 
pernicious  in  that  respect,  for  the 
temptation  to  store  raw  or  partialh- 
ripened  honey  in  them  is,  according- 
ly, that  much  greater  to  the  bees.  The 
results  are  that  honey  thus  obtained 
is  not  so  wholesome,  is  not  so  easily 
assimilated  by  the  human  s.ysteni,  and 
it  will  more  surely  i.,ianuiaie.  'the 
natural  process  of  building  comb  and 
storing  it  with  honey  is  more  tedio'is 
but  it  is  necessarily  so  that  the  trnns 
formation  of  nectar  might  be  com 
plete. 

Yes,  Brother  John  iiard,scrabblp.  yov 
are  always  buttin'  in  —  always  war 
bling  that  ginger-butter-and-'lasses 
melody  of  yours.  Surel.v  you  must  b( 
subject  to  hallucinations  more  grievou 
than  a  nightmare.  I  am  really  snr 
prised  that  you  made  even  a  tolerably 
fair  guess  as  to  my  meaning  whereii 
I  thought  to  state,  p.  262,  that  I  li:'( 
observed  that  bees  usually  accomplish 
ed  more,  when  engaged  in  comb -build 
ing,  if  they  were  free  to  extend  th 
combs  downward  instead  of  laterally 
And  I'll  sandwich  in  the  assertioi 
right  here  that  not  only  is  a  dowuwar< 
course  more  favorable  to  a  vigorou 
prosecution  of  the  work,  but  the  bee 
manifest  more  enthusiasm  in  the  pei 
formance  of  it.  The  picture  of  yr 
and  the  "purps"  is  good;  it  is  real  cut 
of  you  all.  But  I  don't  just  like  th 
combination,  Bro.  John,  for  it  sorte|! 
instills  into  one's  mind  a  suspicion  tha 
a  man  who  is  willin'  to  be  caught  wit 
a  bee-hive  under  one  arm  and  a  doH 
under  the  other,  is  hunting  trouble. 

Now,   in  all   sobriety,    Bro.   John. 


l'J()4. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


flon't  believe  you  ever  saw  a  suow  !.)all 
in  its  native  haunts,  or  you  woulfl  not 
speak  so  disparagingly  of  frames 
cleeper  than  the  Langstroth  foi'  wiuler- 
Ing  bees.  The  old-fashioned  straw 
3k ep  and  its  sister  hive,  the  box  hi /o, 
is  far  superior  to  our  modern  hives  for 
the  puri^ose  named.  That  fact  is  r.o 
plain  that  he  that  runs  may  read.  Give 
the  box-hive  colonies  the  same  amount 
ot  protection  that  colonies  in  frauie- 
[ilves  usually  receive  and  they  will 
make  the  others  look  like  bumble-beei-' 
Qests  in  comparison  at  tue  opeiiiug  of 
the  honey  harvest.  Yet,  I  would  not 
persuade  anyone  against  his  will  in 
this  matter.  I  merely  wish  to  point 
out  to  the  reader  what  I  believe  to  be 
the  surest  and  cheapest  way  of  se- 
curing workers  for  the  early  bloom- 
ing of  the  flowers.  That  which  has 
stood  the  test  of  centuries  is  no  the- 
ory, Deacon,  and  you  will  pardon  me 
for  re-asserting  the  tuct  herein. 

If  any  of  the  advocates  or  shallow 
hives  don't  know  how  to  proceed  with 
the  management  of  a  big  swarm  of 
bees  in  a  box-hive  at  the  opening  of 
the  season,  why  don't  he  say  so,  and 
not  berate  those  hive  conditions  which 
give  him  the  largest  number  of  neon 
at  a  time  of  year  they  are  of  the 
greatest  possible  value  to  him.  The- 
work  of  "driving"  is  so  easily  done 
that  swarms  may  be  taken  from  box- 
hives  at  the  pi'oper  time  and  hived  in 
shallow-frame  hives  wherein  may  be 
had  every  facility  for  rapid  dispatch. 
comfort  and  art  in  the  production  of 
honey.  The  swarms  being  returned 
to  the  parent  hives  at  the  close  of  the 
season  gives  one  the  best  there  is  in 
both  systems — the  old  and  the  new. 
However,  let  not  any  one  dare  to  prac- 
tice the  method  who  is  not  willing  to 
be  frowned  upon  by  the  progressive  ( ?) 
*■  element  in  this  granu  .  "d  honey  pur- 
suit. 
Wheelersburg,    Ohio,   .Tan.   12,   1904. 


FLIES,  NOT  B££S,  ON  CHRYSAN- 
THEMUMS. 


'Yeliow  Blood' 


Wholesale  methods  of  matiug  queens 
with  inexpensive  apparatus  and  re- 
quiring but  a  few  bees,  practically  as 
eimnclated  for  several  years  by 
"Swarthmore."  are  becoming  quite 
general — more  so,  indeed,  than  the 
name  of  the  originator  of  the  idea  in 
connection  with  discTissions  of  the 
principle. 


in  Carnlola---Other  Interesting 
Facts. 


By  Frank  Benton. 

THE  PLEASING  picture  on  page 
52  of  the  Bee-Keeper  for  March, 
1904,  caused  me  to  smile  at  first 
sight,  not  altogether  because  the  pic- 
ture was  pleasing,  bnt  partly  also  at 
the  mistake  of  the  editor,  who  had  in- 
serted the  picture  as  an  illustration  of 
"bees  working  on  chrysanthemums." 
The  fact  of  the  matter  is,  that  even 
the  most  indistinct-appearing  of  the 
insects  on  the  chrysanthemums  can  be 
readily  recognized  as  the  representa- 
tation  of  a  fly  and  not  a  bee.  There  is 
not  among  the  whole  lot  a  single  bee! 
The  pose  of  each  Insect,  the  manner 
of  spreading  its  wfngs,  the  short, 
stumpy  abdomen,  the  head,  which 
(viewed  from  the  top)  is  slightly  point- 
ed, the  probosis  (wnere  visible),  and 
the  truncated  lower  portion  of  the 
head  (the  .laws),  as  well  as,  in  general, 
the  look  or  habitus  of  the  whole  insect, 
stamp  it  at  once  as  a  ily  of  the  fam- 
ily Syrphidae.  The  picture  was  shown 
to  several  entomologists  here  at  the 
Department,  some  of  them  workers  in 
tue  groups  involved,  and  all  agreed 
with  me  in  calling  the  insects  flies  and 
not  bees.  They  are  undoubtedly  the 
well-known  drone  flies,  or  chi-;\^santhe- 
mum  flies,  the  most  common  species  of 
which  is  Eristalis  tenax,  which  Baron 
Osten  Sacken  believes  he  has  identi- 
fied as  the  so-called  Bugonia*  of  the 
ancients,  and  which  serves  to  explain 
the  supposed  oxen-born  bees  of  olden 
times.  All  will  recall  the  directions 
given  by  Aristotle,  Virgil  and  other 
classic  writers  for  the  piT)ductio"i  of 
bees  from  the  carcasses  of  domestic 
animals.  T(he  name  drone  fly  was 
given  to  this  insect  because  of  its 
great  resemblance  to  the  drones  of  onr 
honey  bees,  and  it  has  frequntly  also 
been  called  chrysanthemum  fly,  be- 
cause it  appears  late  in  the  seiison  and 
visits  chrysanthemums  freely  for  the 
pollen   furnished   by  them,  the  adults 


*"On  the  so-called  Bvigonia  of  the  ancients, 
and  its  relations  to  Eristalis  tenax."  By  C. 
R.  Osten  Sacken.  Bullettino  della  Societa 
Entomologica    Italiana,    Anno    XXV,    1893. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


April, 


being  pollen  feeders.  The  fly  is  credit- 
ed with  effecting  to  a  greater  or  less 
degree  the  pollination  of  chrysanthe- 
mum blossoms,  and  the  plan  of  intro- 
ducing it  into  countries  where  chrys 
anthemums  do  not  seed  has  been  seri- 
ously discussed. 

A  very  curious  belief  exisis  in  the 
province  of  Carniola.  Aiistria,  con- 
cerning this  fly.  The  old  bee-keepei's 
there  state  that  the  yellow  which 
constantly  crops  out  in  breeding  those 
bees  is  due  to  a  cross  between  these 
flies  and  the  honey  bees,  the  flies  tak- 
ing the  place  of  our  drones.  Some  of 
these  old  bee-keepers  have  even  told 
me  that  they  had  this  tale  from  their 
grandfathers!  I  believe  I  quoted  this 
popidar  belief  some  fifteen  or  moro 
years  ago  in  the-  British  Bee  Journal, 
when  the  question  of  yellow  on  Garni - 
olan  bees  was  under  discussion.  Somo 
of  tue  correspondents  of  that  journn! 
had  been  disposed  to  think  that  tue 
yellow  of  Carniolans  was  due  to  my 
having  introfluced  eastern  blood  into 
the  province  and  mixed  it  in  my 
breeding  of  Carniolans.  But  this  cur- 
rent belief  regarding  the  yellow  of 
the  race  is  itself  evidence  that  the 
yellow  had  existed  in  the  province  long 
before  my  own  time  or  that  of  the  old- 
est people  of  this  generation.  Like- 
wise my  own  explanation  of  how  the 
yellow  element  came  to  be  mixed  in 
with  the  gray  of  the  Carniolan  riice, 
namely;  through  the  introduction  ol 
yellow  bees  from  the  provinces  adja- 
cent to  Italy,  should  have  been  accept- 
ed as  evidence  to  clear  me  of  the 
above  imputation. 

But  to  return  to  our  flies.  A  brief 
explanation  of  how  they  breed  may  be 
of  interest.  The  eggs  are  laid  in  pu- 
trescent matter  and  the  larvae  devel- 
op where  liquid  or  semi-liquid  mate- 
rial Is  to  be  found.  These  larvae  are 
known  as  rat-tailed  larvae,  from  the 
fact  that  the  posteiior  segments  of  the 
body  are  drawn  out  to  form  some- 
thing which  resembles  a  tail,  and 
which,  in  the  aquatic  life  of  this  lar- 
va, is  useful  to  the  developing  insect. 
as  the  breathing  spiracles  are  located 
in  this  extremity,  and  the  larva  can 
therefore  obtain  air  by  leaving  the 
tip  of  the  tail-like  a]ipendange  above 
the  surface  of  the  liquid  while  the 
body  is  imnierserl.  The  larvae,  if  ta- 
ken out  and  dried,  present  a  mouse- 
gray  appearance,  and  look  very  much 
as  would  a  mouse  an  inch  long  crouch- 


ing with  its  feet  folded  under  its  body 
the  total  length  of  the  larva,  includ- 
ing its  tail  being  about  equal  to  this. 
The  mottled  flies  issue  the  latter  part 
of  summer  or  early  in  autumn  jtist  as 
the  chrysanthemum  blossoms  are  ap 
pearing,  and  being  pollen  feeders  these' 
flowers  the  most  available  for  them  at 
this  season  of  the  year,  although  they 
likewise  visit  asters,  goldenrod,  etc. 
The  coppery  or  golden-yellow  blotches 
on  the  bodies  of  the  adult  drone  flies, 
together  \vith  their  generally  bulky 
form  and  large  heads,  give  them  stich 
a  general  resemblance  to  drones  of  our 
honey  bees,  that  many  people  have 
been   deceived  by   them. 

Tiiose  who  were  present  at  the  fa- 
mous Utter  trial  described  in  Glean- 
ings in  Bee  Culture  for  1900  and  1901, 
will  recall  the  fact  that  as  a  witness 
for  the  National  Beekeepers'  Asscoia- 
tion  I  brought  with  me  a  small  case  of 
insects  which  the  lawyers  for  the  de- 
fence passed  to  the  witnesses  on  the 
side  of  the  prosecution  to  see  whether 
they  cotild  really  identify  bees  when 
placed  side  by  side  with  insects  of 
simnar  appearance,  and  the  same  box 
was  later  passed  to  me  when  on  the 
witness  stand.  This  case  contained 
workers,  queens  and  drones  of  our 
Apis  mellifera,  together  with  some  of 
the  very  drone  flies  which  arc  shown 
in  the  illustration  we  have  under  dis- 
cussion, and  also  some  related  flies. 
The  restilt  of  their  introduction  in  the 
trial  was  to  east  a  reasonable  doubt 
upon  the  ability  of  the  prosectition  to 
distinguish  bees  from  true  flies,  and 
therefore  their  ability  to  prove  i)osi- 
tively  that  bees  were  the  cause  of  the 
alleged  damage.  Thus  these  same 
drone  flies  have  at  least  in  one  in- 
stance been  of  some  use  to  bee-keep- 
ing interests. 

We  can  pardon  the  mistake  in  re- 
gard to  the  i)icture  on  page  ■>2  in  con- 
sideration of  the  frequency  with  which 
these  a^ues  have  been  mistaken  for ' 
bees,  and  the  fact  tnat  some  of  the  [ 
skilled  bee-keepers  who  were  also  wit- 
nesses at  the  Utter  trial,  when  shown 
(privatelv,  before  the  trial)  the  case 
of  insects  described  above,  did  not  suc- 
ceed in  avoiding  mistakes  in  all  in- 
stances in  the  identiflcation  of  them 
as  bees  or  tflies. 

United  States  Depai-tment  of  Agricul- 
ture. Washington.  D.  C,  March  in, 
1904. 


1904. 


rilH     AMKKICAN    BEK-KBEPEH. 


WAX  PRODUCTION     IN    ARGEN 
TINA. 


Transforming  Cheap   Honey   Into   the  More  Readily 
IVIarketable   Commodity. 

Bj  Adrian  L.etaz. 

CONSIDERING  the  low  price  of 
dark  extracted  lioney  and  the 
increasing  value  of  the  wax, 
tne  question  of  produciiis;  wax  instead 
of  honey  has  often  bt'cn  i-aised.  The 
last  number  of  the  Auiculteur  con 
tains  a  contribution  of  I'rof.  Brunner 
from  Coixioba,  Argentine  Republic,  in 
which  he  describes  the  method  he  fol- 
lows for  producing  wax  in  a  locality 
where  the  honey  is  quite  dark  and  dif- 
ficult to  sell. 

The  hives  used  have  22  frames.  18x 
11  inches  and  a  super  of  same  num- 
ber of  frames,  only  six  inches  deep. 

Early  in  the  spring,  that  is,  as  soon 
as  the  weather  is  quite  warm  and  no 
more  cold  ^snaps  are  expected,  all  the 
frames  not  having  brood  are  taken  out 
and  the  combs  melted.  The  wax  is 
sold  and  the  honey  kept  for  feeding.  A 
partition  is  inserted  on  each  side  o." 
the  brood,  and  the  frames  are  cover- 
ed with  a  cushion,  the  roof  being  con- 
structed so  as  to  leave  room  enough 
for  that  purpose. 

When  the  swarming  season  arrives 
all  the  queens  more  tuan  two  years 
old  are  replaced  by  some  raised  the 
previous  season,  and  wintered  in  their 
nuclei.  Two  days  later  the  frames 
taken  out  arc  returned  to  their  hives. 
Only  one-half-inch  starters  are  used. 
A  large  feeder  containing  about  40 
pounds  of  honey  is  placed  on  each  hive, 
and  feeding  is  begun  immediately  and 
kept  up  until  the  fall.  As  much  as 
the  bees  will  take  is  given,  no  matter 
whether  there  is  any  honey  brought  in 
from  the  field  or  not.  Every  week  the 
combs  are  cut  out  from  the  frames 
and  melted  and  this  process  continues 
until  the  fall,  when  the  bees  are  al- 
lowed to  build  up  for  the  winter  or 
rather  the  ensuing  year. 

About  the  middle  of  the  summer, 
sooner  or  later,  the  l>ees  refuse  to 
work  any  more  on  that  principle.  Then 
the  supers  are  put  on,  with  only  small 
starters  in  the  frames,  and  (what 
looks  singular  to  me)  the  bees  resume. 
work  at  once.     Prof  Brunner  has  fol- 


lowed this  method  several  years.  It 
takes,  all  told,  G8  pounds  of  honey  to 
produce  ten  pounds  of  wax.  The  hon- 
ey there  (that  is,  the  dark  honey  used 
for  that  purpose),  is  worth  (i  cents  per 
pound  and  very  hard  to  sell  at  that, 
riie  wax  is  worth  .54  cents  and  sells 
very  readily.  Furthermore,  rhe  bar- 
rels or  cans  necessary  for  the  honey 
are  quite  high.  The  cost  of  vranspor- 
tation  is  considerable,  which  malves 
quite  a  difference  in  favor  of  the  wax, 
since  there  is  less  weight. 

So  under  such  conditions  Prof.  Brun- 
ner finds  a  large  profit  in  buying  dark 
honey  from  the  farmers  and  turning  it 
into  wax. 

ADVANTAGE   OF   STRONG      COLO- 
NIES. 

Mr.  Pincot,  one  of  the  leading 
French  apiarists  is  in  favor  of  keeping 
the  colonies  as  strong  as  possible,  in 
order  to  get  the  best  crops  of  honey. 
By  that  he  means  keep  them  strong 
all  the  time.  Not  merely  pushing 
brood  rearing  for  a  few  weeks  be- 
tween the  end  of  the  winter  and  the 
lieginning  of  the  honey  harvest,  and 
then  reducing  brood  rearing  to  save 
a  few  pounds  of  honey;  but  he  wants 
brood  rearing  to  be  kept  up  throughout 
the  season,  even  if  it  is  necessary  to 
feed. 

He  says  that  the  amount  of  the 
bi'ood  raised  is  in  proportion  of  the 
number  of  bees  present  to  take  care 
of  it.  no  matter  how  prolific  the  queen 
might  be.  and  that  if  the  colony  is  not 
strong  right  at  the  openinc  of  the 
spring,  it  will  never  get  to  its  full 
strength  because  on  account  of  the  in- 
sufficient number  of  bees,  the  brood 
rearing  cannot  be  carried  on  to  its  full 
capacity. 

And  he  gives  facts  and  figures  in 
support  of  his  opinions.  One  of  the 
facts  quoted  is  worth  reproducing  here. 
One  of  his  neighbors  had  seven 
swarms  within  a  few  days,  each 
weighing  four  or  five  pounds.  Mr. 
Pincot  asked  liim.  as  an  experiment, 
to  hive  the  last  two  together.  The 
man  consented.  The  swarms  hivea 
singly,  made  their  winter  provisions 
(about  35  pounds  each)  but  no  more. 
The  double  swarm  not  only  made  its 
provisions,  but  gave  90  pounds  of 
siirplus.  Furthermore,  the  following 
year    (1903),    the    double    swarm    was 


re 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


April. 


stronger  than  the  others,  and  gave 
much   more  suii)lus. 

In  his  own  apiary  Mr.  Pincot  will 
not  hive  a  swarm  singly  unless  it 
weighs  about  8  pounds.  He  does  that 
with  both  natural  and  artificial 
swarms. — From  the  Rucher  Beige. 

Knoxville.  Tenn.,  March  11.  1904. 


RESULTS    OF   SOME   EXPERI- 
MENTS  IN   WINTERING. 

By  Arthur  C.  Miller. 

I  HAVE  long  contended  that  the 
successful  wintering  of  bees  out  of 
doors  was  dependent  on  the  con- 
dition of  the  colony  rather  than  on  the 
amount  of  protection  afforded.  I  have 
frequently  enunciated  the  necessary 
conditions  as  a  populous  colony  of 
young  bees  and  an  abundance  of  stores 
supplied  early  enough  to  enable  the 
bees  to  properly  ripen  them  and  store 
them  as  their  instincts  dictate.  I  base 
my  contentions  on  the  results  of  many 
years  of  extensive  experiments,  cou- 
pled with  a  painstaking  analysis  oT 
the  results. 

Last  fall  I  started  some  experiments 
along  extreme  lines,  details  of  which 
follow.  Eighteen  colonies  were  se- 
lected, six  of  which  were  rather  weak, 
six  medium  and  six  strong.  Some  of 
each  type  had  an  abundance  of  ripe 
.stores,  some  had  many  of  their  combs 
only  partly  filled  and  capped.  All  were 
in  unprotected  hives,  none  uf  them 
having  even  the  tarred  paper  wrapping 
which  I  have  advocated.  All  hives 
were  of  the  divisible  brood  cliamber 
type,  with  frames  five  and  one-half 
inches  deep.  Some  colonies  had  two 
sections,  some  three  and  one  had  four. 
To  this  latter  I  wish  to  call  particular 
attention.  It  was  a  Bingham  type  of 
hive,  with  end  bars  of  frames  one- 
fourth  inch  thick  and  side  panels  of 
the  same  thickness,  so  the  sole  i)rotec- 
tion  afforded  the  bees  was  one-fourth 
inch  of  pine  wood.  Also  it  should  be 
noted  that  the  brood  nest  wa,s  cut  by 
three  of  those  "fatal,  horizontal 
spaces."  The  colony  was  a  medium 
good  one,   with  plenty  of  ripe  stores. 

All  hives  had  flat  covers,  some  air 
spaced,  some  with  "paper  and  cloth" 
top.  All  entrances  were  wide  span,  i 
e.,  14  inches  by  one-half  inch.  The 
winter  has  been  the  worst  on  record, 
and    from    the    most    relial)le    soui'ces. 


The  temperature  held  low  with  hard- 
ly a  break,  dropping  at  one  time  to  26 
below  zero  and  keeping  close  to  zero 
for  a  week  at  a  time.  Over  five  feet  of 
snow  has  fallen,  but  at  no  time  did  it 
drift  enough  to  protect  the  hives, 
which  are  on  stands  a  foot  above  the 
ground. 

Bees  flew  early  in  Decemoer  and 
not  again  until  early  In  Maich,  and 
then  only  once  for  a  snort  time. 

As  to  results:  All  of  the  weak  col- 
onies died,  apparently  froze  to  death; 
which  is  to  say,  the  clusters  were  too 
small  to  maintain  the  necessary  heat. 
All  the  medium  colonies  succumbed, 
some  from  starvation,  some  from  diar- 
rhoea. One  of  the  oig  colonies  also 
went  from  the  latter  trouble.  Quite 
a  proportion  of  their  stores  were  im- 
sealed  and  the  honey  shows  signs  of 
fermentation.  The  remaining  five  col- 
onies are  strong  and  healthy,  and  with 
^In  all  but  one  case — honey  enough 
to  carry  them  through  until  the  new 
crop.  The  colony  in  the  Bingham  hive 
is  in  perfect  condition.  According  to 
most  theories  concerning  bees  under 
such  conditions  they  should  have  died 
a  most  noisome  death.  But  they 
didn  L. 

From  the  results  of  the  experiments 
I  am  still  more  nrmly  satisfied  that 
my  theories,  as  to  what  constitute  es- 
sentials for  safe  wintering,  are  sound 
and  are  fully  supported  by  facts.  But 
I  also  believe  that  it  is  not  the  best 
of  economy  to  subject  bees  to  such 
extreme  conditions  for  the  consump- 
tion of  stores  is  too  great.  Had  those 
colonies  been  protected  with  tarred 
paper,  they  would  have  been  warmed 
enough  on  the  sunny  days  to  have  ma- 
terially lessened  the  consujnption  of 
honey.  I  have  observed  that  in  my  ex- 
periments witn  tarred  paper. 

To  summarize:  I  believe  we  ma.v 
safely  and  profitably  dispense  with  ex- 
pensive double  walled  hives  and  trou- 
blesome packing  and  use  any  type  of 
single  walled  hive  and  a  black  wrap- 
ping, provided  we  only  piit  into  winter 
quarters  strong  colonies,  with  sound 
stores  supplied  early. 

The  experiment  was  costly,  but  it 
paid. 

Providence.  R.  I..  March  16.  1904. 


I  have  taken  a  great  interest  in  The 
Bee-Keeper,  and  greatly  enjoyed 
reading  it.  1^.  J.  Quantrell. 


1904.                                THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  77 

THE  DICKEL  THEORY.  was  quite  natural  for  you  to  question 

. my  remarks  on  selfishness  of  bees,  but 

A  Reply  to  Mr.  Horn.  if  we  are  to  advance  in  the  study  of 

By  F.  Greiner.  ^^^  'if^  ^^  th®  bee  we  must  dig  deeper 

than  we  have  heretofore.  If  we  are  to 

ON  PAGE  35  Mr.  H.  E.  Horn  says  advance  much  farther  in  practical  bee- 

of  the  Dickel  theory:  "The  im-  keeping,  we  must  needs  first  advance 

portance  of  the  theory  lies  per-  in  a  knowledge  of  the  causes  of  varl- 

haps  in  the  fact  that  true  and  absolute  ous  actions  of  bees.     I  will  not  mind 

inbreeding  becomes  an  easy  possibiiiJ'y  your   criticsm    at   all    if   it   serves    to 

no  matter,  ....  etc."      The  promoter  cause  even  one  person  to  look  deeper, 

of   the  theory    has   never     made    any  Professor    Jacques     Loeb's     book     on 

claim  in  this  direction  so  far  as  I  am  "Physiology  of  the  Brain"  (printed  by 

aware  of.    There  is,  of  course,  a  closer  John  Murray,  London)  may  be  of  as- 

relationship    between   tlie    queen    and  sistance  to  you  in  getting  a  new  view 

the  drone  of  the  same  colony,  if  both  of     first     causes. — Arthur     C.     Miller, 

have   the  same   father     as      »vell     as  Prov.  R.  I.,  U.  S.  A.,  Jan.  15th,  1904. 

mother,  than  when  both  have  only  the  ^j^  -^  ^  pleasure  to  merit  the  forego- 

same  mother  m  common,  ami    he  one  ■       j^^^^^.     ^^^^     ^^^  ^^     American's 

of  the  two  has  no  father  at  all    Otlu  i^rfghtest   students   of  apiculture     We 

erwise  any  one  would  meet  with  the  .ventured   to  suggest   that,   with    such 

same  ditticulties  m  accomplishing  close  ..j^^^  ^^  ^^^^^^  enunciated  in  his  arti- 

inbreeding  than  when  seen  m  the  light  ^j^  ^^  ^he  American  Bee-Keeper,  Mr. 

f^i        i  ^"^^"       T          •.  .    K  Miller   was   "likelv   to     feel     lonely." 

The  only  way   as  I  see  it,  to  be  ren-  .j.^^^^^^  ^^,  ^^  discourtesy.     Lack  of 

sonably   sure   that   a    queen   meets    a  appreciation  is  a  penalty  which  must 

drone  of  the  same  hive  would  be,  to  often  be  paid  to  genius.    Deep  thinkers 

rear  a   queen  so  early  in  the   season  ^.^^^  ^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^  equanimity  the 

when  there  were  no  drones  m  the  api-  criticism  of  the  vulgar  mind.     No,  we 

ary.      The    colony    rearing    the    queen  had  not  forgotten  our  Loeb.  But  when 

would  also  rear  a  few  drones,  whic'i  1^^^^  has  spoken,  is  it  certain  the  last 

the  worker  bees  could  do,  from  eggs  ,,.^r^  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^i^,    j^^^    .^^  ^^  ^^j. 

or  very  young   worker  lai-vae  m   the  mal,  "forced  to  orient  itself  toward  the 

hive.     According  to  Dickel  all  eggs  of  g^urce  of  .stimulation,"  and  led,  with- 

a  normal  queen  are  alike  m  every  re,  ^ut  will  of  its  own,  either  toward  the 

spect.     This  IS  the  whole  gist  ot   the  so^^ce  of  the  stimulus  or  away  from 

Dickel  theory.     For  the  practi>-al  bee-  j^.,   must  we,  of  necessity,  see  'selfish- 
^^.''^''':  .  ^t  .  "If  t^rs    nothing    whether  „ess-intensely  personal  aims,  and  re- 

Dickel  IS  nght  or  Dzierzon,  although  I  gardlessness  of  the  happiness  of  oth- 

M     ,    '\f\     Tf'o^  V£^r^-  ^J-s?    Is  breathing   (which     cannot  be 

Naples,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  29,  1904.  avoided),    an      act      of      selfishness? 

—  Would   not   the   term     "self-love"    be 

<s-PT -PTQw-wpce   nv  -r-ppc:  ^^^^^  appropriate:  or  must  we,  indeed, 

SELFISHNESS   OF  BEES.  j^g^  our  old  respect  for  the  little  in- 

(From  the  Irish  Bee  Journal.)  sect  which  has  taught  so  many  useful 

Dear  Sir — In     the     American     Bee-  lessons?     We  should  be  very  pleased 

Keeper  for  January,  1904,  I  note  an  ex-  to  have  an  expression  of  Mr.  Miller's 

tract  from  your  paper,  in  which  you  views  on  this  point,  agreeing  with  him, 

ask,  "When  did  'parental  instinct'  first  as   we  do,    that   a    knowledge   of   the 

spell  selfishness?"    I  might  ask  you  to  cause  of  the  various  actions  of  bees 

define  "parental  instinct"  and  explain  could  but  tend  to  further  advances  in 

its  cause.       Perhaps   I   can   help  you.  practical   bee-keeping. — Ed.) 

This  "instinct"  is  the  result  of  stimuli.  

Under  normal  conditions  a  pai-ent  ani-  r,,,      ,.      , 

mal  can  no  more  avoid  supplying  its  ^^®   bee-keepers    supply   factory   ot 

young  with  food  than  it     can     avoid  Gus     Dittmer,     :^gusta,     Wis.,     was 

breathing.     But   change  these  stimuli  burned  Feb.  20th.     The   hustling  pro- 

ever  so  slightly,  and  the  fond,  self-sac-  prfetor.   however,   is  probably     taking 

nficing  parent     calmly     abandons  its  '       „        ,                    .,      .. 

offspring  or  deliberately  devours  them.  "^.^^^   ^^   ^"    ^^^^^^'^   promptly   by   this 

From  the  customary  point  of  view,  it  time. 


^♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦M  i-^^H-H-  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦4*4MM 


THE 


Bee -Keeping  World 


staff  Contributors  :    F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ. 

Contributions  to  this  Department  are  solicited  from  all  quarters  of  the  earth. 


RUSSIA.. 

Illustr.  Bztg.  says  this  about  bee- 
keeping in  Russia:  It  is  frequently 
said  that  the  bee-keepers  of  Russia  are 
100  years  behind  the  times,  but  this  is 
anything  but  true.  There  are  many  up- 
to-date  bee-keepers,  many  of  them  fav- 
oring American  methods  and  using 
American  hives.  Five  or  six  apicultural 
journals  disseminate  knowledge  as  to 
bee-keeping.  Conditions  for  honey  pi  o- 
duetion  are  more  favorable  in  the 
South  and  East  than  they  are  in  Ger- 
many, although  there  are  sometimes 
years  of  failure,  as,  for  instance,  1903. 
Editor  Kandratjeff  reports  that  bees 
did  not  gather  their  winter  supplies  in 
many  places. 


GERMANY. 

'jx  large  portion  of  the  German  bee- 
keepers cari-y  on  the  business  on  a 
small  scale;  if  they  did  not  they  would 
not  put  up  with  such  implements  as 
we  understand  find  ready  sale  among 
them.  One  of  these  implemencs  is  de- 
scribed and  illustrated  in  the  Deutsche 
Btzg.,  viz.:  a  honey  extractor  without 
can.  It  seems  like  a  mere  play  thing; 
during  the  time  it  is  not  in  use  as  an 
extractor  it  may  be  used  as  a  flower- 
stand.  Their  wax-presses  may  be 
used  as  fruit-presses. 


ABESSINIA. 

It  is  said  of  Abessinia  that  honey  is 
as  plentiful  there  as  "dirt."  Bees  are 
everywhere.  Set  up  an  empty  hive  and 
in  a  week's  time  it  will  be  occupied  by 
bees.  It  is  an  easy  matter  for  the  Abes- 
sinians  to  find  wild  bees.  A  certaiii 
bird  of  the  size  of  a  swallow,  called 
honey-bird,  shows  the  way.  The  bird 
is  always  rewarded  by  a  piece  of  the 
honey  and  brood.  (From  Praxis  dev 
Bzcht.) 


"Make  your  own  comb  foundation 
from  pure  German  wax.  This  is  im- 
portant, and  is  the  only  guarantee  to 
get  good  serviceable  foundation,"  says 
Illustr.  Btzg.  (That  speaks  bad  for 
Germany.) 


BELGIUM. 
Soldiers  receive  in  this   country  ra- 
tions of    honey    during    hot    weather. 
<Bienenvater.) 


SCOTLAND. 
The  bee-keepers  in  Scotland,  it  is 
said  in  Schleswig-Holstein  Bztg.,  pre- 
fer a  honey-press  to  the  extractor  for 
the  reason  that  a  large  part  of  their 
honey  is  gathered  from  the  Erica,  and 
this  honey  is  so  thick,  that  it  cannot 
be  extracted  successfully.  Bee-keep- 
ers in  many  parts  of  Germany  are  sim- 
ilarly situated.  The  only  way  to  ob- 
tain this  honey  is  by  heat  or  sque(.'z- 
ing. 


Worker-brood  developed  in  cells  with 
a  glass  side,  is  what  F.  Ebster  reports 
in  Leipz.  Bztg.  It  came  about  accident- 
ally. He  had  a  single  comb  observa- 
tion hive  stocked  up  with  a  goo4  strong 
nucleus  colony.  The  hive  was  made  a 
little  bit  too  wide,  and  yet  not  wide 
enough  to  justify  the  bees  in  building 
a  second  comb.  They  finally  construct- 
ed a  half -comb,  using  the  glass  side  as 
the  mid-rib.  A  part  of  the  comb  was 
so  constructed  as  to  make  the  glass 
Willi  answer  as  one  side  of  a  cell  or 
cells.  These  cells  were  preferred  by 
the  queen  to  those  Avhich  were  built  at 
right  angle  against  the  glass.  The 
laying  of  the  egg,  the  behavior  of  the 
eggs  before  hatching,  i.  e.,  changing 
their  angle  to  the  bases,  the  hatching 
out  of  the  larvae  and  the  nursing  of 
them  from  beginning  to  end,  then  the 
changes  during  the  pupa  stage,  all  this 
could  be  easily  and  plainly  watched. 
The  same  hive  with  comb  was  used 
several  seasons,  but  after  the  second 
season  the  process  of  development 
could  not  well  be  seen  on  account  of 
the  cocoons,   which   were  left   in   the 


I!.t04. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


cells,   and  the  glass   was   scraped  off 
when  the  bees  rebuilt  the  comb. 


Some  interesting  questions  are  asked 
by  Ivellen  in  Leipz.  Btzg.,  which  are 
not  yet  fully  answei'ed.  American  bce~ 
Iceepers  might  take  a  hand  in  helping 
to  clear  the  mist. 

First  question:  Why  is  it  that  bees 
will  live  and  work  in  the  dark? 

Second  question:  Queen-cells  are 
built  perpendicularly,  worker-cells  and 
drone-cells  horizontally.  What  are  the 
reasons? 

Third  question:  Why  the  shakin,:^ 
and  vibrating  of  the  abdomen  of  the 
workers  so  often  seen  inside  the  hives? 

Fourth  question :  How  long  can  eggs 
be  kept  in  good  condition? 

Fifth  question:  Queenless  bee.s,  do 
they  prefer  to  construct  queen  <  ells 
over  larvae  or  eggs? 

Seventh  question:  Are  the  drones 
reared  from  eggs  laid  by  fertile  woiii- 
ers  virile. 

Eighth  question:  How  much  honey 
i.s  used  up  by  the  bees  to  produce 
one  pound  of  wax? 

Alfalfa  clover  produces  honey  oiily 
in  certain  sections  in  Germany.  In 
other  parts  the  bees  ignore  ilie  bloom 
entirely. 


top,  keeping  the  bees  quiet,  and  strik- 
ing the  combs  as  they  are  taken  out. 
It  also  keeps  off  whatever  robJier  bees 
might  try  to  pounce  in.  Tlie  matter  of 
fuel  is  also  discussed.  I  don't  think 
that  the  readei's  of  this  paper  would 
be  able  to  guess  what  fuel  Mr.  Cou- 
terel  prefers.  It  is  nothing  more  or 
less  than  cow-dung,  well  dried.  I  think 
that  in  our  Western  States  such  fuel 
is  used  for  other  purposes  under  the 
name  of  buffalo  chips.  As  a  smoke 
fuel  it  is  used  in  a  portion  o''  I^'rance 
(the  Landes)  in  preference  to  all  oth- 
ers, though  wood  is  plentiful  there. 
The  smoke  produced  is  abundant,  ef- 
fective, and  has  the  advantage  of  not 
affecting  the  eyes  of  the  operator  — 
From  the  Revue  Eclectique. 


The  application  of  warm  honey 
three  times  each  day  for  four  succes- 
sive days  is  said  to  cure  caked  bag  in 
new   milch   cows. — Die   Bieae. 


FRANCE. 

Mr.  Conterel,  the  apiarist  of  Model 
Apiary  of  Barbast  (France),  prel'ers 
the  automatic  smoker  to  the  ordinary 
one.  The  one  invented  by  Mr.  De Lay- 
ens,  he  thinks,  is  the  best.  Perhaps 
some  of  the  readers  of  this  paper  do 
not  know  exactly  what  is  nn^aiit  by 
an  automatic  smoker.  It  is  an  instru- 
ment with  a  compartment  for  the  fuel 
and  another  with  a  clock  movement. 
The  clock  movement  runs  a  fan  which 
does  the  blowing.  The  blo>ving  is  not 
very  strong,  but  continuous.  One  wind- 
ing runs  the  movement  half  an  hour. 
The  instrument  is  placed  on  a  corn-T 
of  the  hive  (after  the  cover  is  of!:)  and 
blows  the  smoke  horizontallv  over  the 


A  question  recently  discussed  in  the 
European  bee  papers  was  the  influence 
of  the  heat  on  the  production  of  wax 
and  general  welfare  of  the  colonies. 
To  arrive  at  something  defirite  the 
Apicultural  Society  of  the  Meuse  re- 
quests its  members  to  expe'iment  on 
the  subject.  Five  prizes  of  twenty, 
sixteen,  twelve,  eight  and  four  dol- 
lars are  offered  to  those  who  will  make 
the  best  and  most  conclusive  experi- 
ments. The  lines  to  be  followed  are 
to  compare  hives  of  oi'dinary  construc- 
tion (single  walls)  with  what  we 
would  call  here  chaff  hives.  The  walls 
of  these  must  be  four  inches  thick. 
The  supers  and  covers  must  also  be 
constructed  on  that  principle.  Either 
permanent  pacKing,  or  outer  cases 
with  movable  packing  can  be  used. 
The  two  classes  of  hives  are  to  be  sub- 
divided. Some  will  receive  only  start- 
ers, others  sheet  of  foundation,  and 
others  ready-built  combs.  All  will  be 
worked  for  extracted  honey.  It  is  re- 
quested that  enough  supers  shall  be 
added  (if  necessary)  so  the  bees  will 
not  have  to  slack  or  stop  work  for  lack 
of  room.  One  of  the  objects  in  view  Is 
to  ffnd  out  if  it  would  be  more  profit- 
able to  melt  the  combs  than  to  return 
them  to  the  bees,  considering  the  in- 
creasing A^alue  of  the  wax.  The  pro- 
duction of  comb  honey  is  not  consider- 
ed as  in  Europe  the  difference  of  price 
between  comb  honey  and  extracted 
honey  is  very  small. — From  the  Revue 
Eclectique. 


80 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 
ITALY. 


April, 


3 

4 

3 

2y2 

9 

9% 

IVa 

3 

iVs 

1% 

3 

3 

0 

7 

12 

141/2 

21-22    24-25 

19 

24 

In  the  Apicoltore,  Mr.  Th.  Marre  publishes  the  following  table  concerning 
the  growth  of  the  bees: 

Queens.  Workers.  Drones. 

Age  of  the  eggs  (in  days)  when  they  hatch   usually    . .       3  3  3 
Under  exceptional   circumstances,   when  the  heat  is   insuf- 
ficient                    8-10 

Numbers  of  days  during  which  the  larvae     received  a  first- 
class  jelly 5 

Number  of  days  during  which  they  receive  coarse  jelly  None 
Total  time  betu^een  the  deposition  of  the   eggs  and    the 

time  the  eggs  are  sealed 8 

Time  spent  by  the  larva/e  to  spin  its  cocoon 1 

Time  of  apparent  rest 1 

Time  of  ti-ansformation  into  nymph 3 

Time  of  transformation  of  the  nymph  into  j)erfect  insect      3 

Total  number  of  days  spent  in  the  cell 8 

Duration  of  development  from  the  laying  of  the  egg  to 
the  time  of  emerging  from  the  cell  under  ordinary- 
circumstances   16 

In  very  favorable  circumstances 151/2 

Under  adverse  circumstances,  chieiiy  the  lack  of  suffi- 
cient heat  or  too  small  population 22  26 

Age  at  which  the  worker  begins  to  fly  before    the    hives,    counted    in 

days   from  ...e  hatching,   or  I'ather  emerging  from  the  cell 4-7 

Age  at  which  she  begins  to  gather  nectar  under  ordinary  circumstances  13-16 

When  forced  to  do  so  by  want  of  honey  or  old  bees    5-8 

Time  for  the  queen  to  attain  perfect  maturity  after    she    has  emerged 

from  the  cell 

Her  age  when  she  goes  out  to  mate,  in  the  spring  of  the  year 

In  the  fall 

Time  between  mating  and  beginning  of  laying  under  ordinary  circum- 
stances  

Time  between  the  issuing  of  the  first  swarm  and  the  going  out  of  the 

young  queen  to  mate  10-13 

Time  between  the  sealing  of  the  first  queen  cell  and  the  issuing  of  the 

first  swann   1-2 

Time    between  the  issuing  of  the  first  and  second  swarms   8-11 

Between  the  second  and  third 3 

Between  the  third  and  fourth 1-2 

Some  of  the  above  figures  have  nerver  been  given  before,  as  far  as  I  know. 
Others  are  slightly  different  from  those  generally  admitted. 


28 


1-2 
4-6 
6-7 

2-3 


Millwood,  X.  Y.,  March  12,  1904. 
Editor  American  Bee-Keeper: 

The  winter  of  1903-'04  will  go  down 
in  history  as  the  most  severe  in  recent 
years.  As  to  its  pfFer-ts  upon  the  honey 
bee,  it  will  be  soon  found  out  by  a 
great  many,  to  their  great  surprise  and 
disappointment.  Fully  one-half  of  the 
colonies  of  nearly  every  apiary  in  this 


vicinity  are  dead,  and  in  a  great  many 
others  the  results  are  even  worse,  t 
have  lost  sixty  per  cent,  of  my  bees. 
Upon  making  a  thorough  examination 
I  find  the  frames  well  stocked  with 
bees  and  a  bountiful  supply  of  honey. 
They  seem  to  be  frozen  to  death  in 
great  clusters  between  the  frames. 
The  bees  are  mostly  kept  in  sheds  made 
so  as  to  open  to  the  south,  which  af- 
fords shelter  from  storms  and  also 
cold  winds.       H.    Augustus   Haight. 


Hopkinton,  Iowa,  INIarch  8,  '04. 
Editor  Bee-Keeper:     As  bees  in  this 
part  of  the  State  are  mostly  all  win- 
tered in-doors  they  have  escaped  the 


1904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


81 


severe  Aviiiter  so  tar,  aud  I  think  tlie 
winter  losses  will  be  small. 

Warren  H.  Winch. 


Angleton,  Tex.,  March  8,  1904. 

Editor  Bee-Keeper : — Enclosed  find 
35  cents  for  a  trial  suscriptiou  to  The 
Bee-Keeper.  I  liked  the  sample  copy 
very  much. 

Bees  in  this  part  of  the  country  are 
in  very  good  condition,  for  this  time  of 
year.  (Plenty  of  pollen  and  some  honey 
are  coming  in,  and  brood-rearing  is  go- 
ing oi"ward  at  rapid  rate.    J.  D.  Yancy. 


Salina,  I.  T.,  March  8,  1904. 
Editor   American    Bee-Keeper: 

Dear  Sir — We've  had  a  very  mild 
winter — no  snow.  Bees  never  winter- 
ed better.  Loss  will  not  exceed  one 
per  cent.     Needing  rain. 

J.  T.   Hairston. 


Leota,  Miss.,  March  21,  1904. 
I  report  that  my  bees  wintered  well 
on  their  stands.  I  went  into  winter 
quarters  with  146  colonies.  I  inspect- 
ed every  colony  the  first  week  in 
March  and  found  brood  in  every  col- 
ony except  three.    Tuo.  Worthington. 


I  had  gotten  them  thoroughly  aroused. 
I  hope  the  Cyprians  of  the  present  day 
are  not  as  vicious  as  ttiose  of  twenty 
years  ago;  yet  if  pure,  I  snould  expect 
little  change  in  them,  if  no  one  ever 
handled  the  bees  but  myself,  I  should 
not  object  &»  seriously  to  their  sting- 
ing; yet  I  cannot  say  I  enjoyed  it  by 
any  means.  L.  B.  Smith. 


Di^ACON    HAKDSCRABhLE    DEAD. 


Rescue,  Tex.,  March  20,   1904. 
Editor  American  Bee-Keeper : 

Having  noticed  a  request  in  the 
March  number  of  The  American  Bee- 
Keeper  to  those  having  had  experience 
with  Cyprian  bees  to  report  as  to  ami- 
ability, viciousness,  etc.,  1  will  say: 
Away  back  in  the  oO's,  when  the  Cy- 
prians were  first  imported  to  the  Uni- 
ted States  by  D.  A.  .Tones  and  Frank 
Benton,  I  sent  to  B.  F.  Carroll,  of 
Dresden,  Tex.,  and  got  some  queens 
of  the  "new  races."  They  proved  such 
wonderful  workers  in  my  hands  I  set 
to  work  and  Cyprianized  my  small  api- 
ary, then  of  about  twenty^five  colonies 
of  black  and  Italian  bees.  They  prov- 
ed to  be  extra  good  "vorkers  with  me, 
but  were  the  most  vicious  bees  I  ever 
had  anything  to  do  with.  So  after  try- 
ing them  for  three  years,  I  reluctantly 
gave  them  up.  I  admit,  I  hated  to  part 
^with  them,  as  I  found  them  the  best 
of  honey  gatherers,  great  breeders, 
and,  in  fact,  I  believe  they  were  just 
suited  to  this  hot,  drouthy  climate  of 
Texas;  but  their  extreme  vicious  dispo- 
sition was  too  much  tor  me.  On  sev- 
eral occasions  my  wife  had  to  keep 
the  doors  of  our  house  closed  for  half  a 
day  at  a  time  to  keep  them  out,  when 


The    Deacon's    Last    Portrait. 

The  last  of  the  series  of  Hardscrab- 
ble  letters,  which  have  been  so  popular 
with  our  readers  during  the  past  two 
years,  appeared  in  our  February  issue. 
The  following  brief  note  explains  their 
non-appearance  recently: 

American  Bee-Keeper: — Uncle  John 
died  Jan.  27th.  He  thoughl  a  heap 
of  The  Bee-Keeper.  I  will  send  his 
last  picture — taken  in  October. 

Eben  Hardscrabble. 


82 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER 


PUBLISHED  MONTHLY 
THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MANFG.  Co. 

PROPRIETORS. 
H.    E.    HILL,  -  EDITOR, 

FORT  PIERCE,  FLA 


Terms. 


Although  we  carefully  mall  The 
Bee-Keeper  each  month  to  each  sub- 
scriber on  oiu"  list,  copies  are  some- 
times lost  in  the  mails.  Reports  of  any 
such  instance  addressed  to  the  Florida 
oifice  Avill  have  careful  and  immedi- 
ate  attention. 


April. 

The  Pennsylvania  State  organiza- 
tion of  bee-keepers  is  progressing  very 
satisfactorily    to    the   promoters. 


The  breeder  must  have  thorough- 
bred stock,  but  the  number  and  color 
of  bands  count  for  nothing  in  the  api- 
ary worked  for  a  honey  crop. 


One  of  the  most  extensive  bee-keep- 
ers in  America  recently  remarked:  "I 
have  never  known  foul  brood  to  flour- 
ish where  bees  had  access  to  salt." 


Fifty  cents  a  year  in  advance;  2  copies  85 
cents;  3  copies  $1.20;  all  to  be  sent  to  one 
postoffice. 

Postage  prepaid  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada;  10  cents  extra  to  all  countries  in  the 
postal  union,  and  20  cents  extra  to  all  other 
countries. 

Advertising:  Rates. 

X' if  teen  cents  per  line,  9  words;  $2.00  per 
inch.  Five  per  cent,  discount  for  two  iser- 
tions;  seven  per  cent,  for  three  insertions; 
twenty   per  cent,    for   twelve   insertions. 

Advertisements  must  be  received  on  or  be- 
fore the  loth  of  each  month  to  insure  inser- 
tion the   month   following. 

Matters  relating  to  business  may  be  ad- 
dressed to 

THE  AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER, 
Fort    Pierce,    Fla.,    or  Jamestown,    N.    Y. 

Articles  for  publication  or  letters  exclusively 
for  the  editorial  department  should  be  ad- 
dressed  to  the  Florida  office. 

Subscribers  receiving  their  paper  in  blue 
wrapper  will  know  that  their  subscription  ex- 
pires with  this  number.  We  hope  that  you 
will    not    delay    favoring    us    with    a    renewal. 

A  red  wrapper  on  your  paper  indicates  that 
you  owe  for  your  subscription.  Please  give 
the  matter  your  early  attention. 


The  Board  of  Health  of  San  Francis- 
co, Calif.,  is  in  pursuit  of  the  honey 
adulterators  who  have  been  plying 
their   nefarious   schemes   in    that  cit5^ 


'The  Rocky  Mountain  Bee  Journal 
has  enlarged  to  twentj'-four  pages  and 
cover  and  increased  its  subscription 
price  from  50  cents  to  .$1.00  a  year.  It's 
worth  it. 


The  Review  says  a  New  York  bee- 
keejier  has  devised  a  means  whereby 
swarming  preparations  may  be  recog- 
nized without  opening  the  hu^e;  and 
the  scheme  is  to  be  patented. 


The  Pacific  States  Bee  Journal  says: 
"W.  H.  Pain,  of  Honoiulu,  H.  I.,  pro- 
duced 300,000  pounds  of  extracted  hon- 
ey from  200  colonies  of  bees,  last  sea- 
son." That's  not  so  bad — an  average  of 
three-fourths  of  a  ton  per  colony  (?"). 


In  this  number  we  are  pleased  to 
present  pictures  of  the  Coggshall  Bro- 
thers, of  Groton,  N.  Y.  W.  L.  is  seen 
at  the  right  and  David  H.  at  the  left 
in  the  picture.  The  photo  was  taken 
last  January,  near  the  apiary  of  the 
.writer,  in  Florida,  as  the  gentlemen 
were  investigating  local  apicultural 
resources.  In  connection  with  the  ar- 
ticle relative  to  Mr.  Coggshall's  apicul- 
tural cai'eer  also  published  in  this  is- 
sue, we  think  this  picture  will  prove 
of  exceptional  interest  to  our  readers. 


1904.  THE    AMERICAN 

PUSHING.   PLUCKY  AND   PRO- 
GRESSIVE BEE-KEEPERS. 

In  our  Februaiy  issue  we  published 
the  full  text  of  Ohio's  new  foul  btuocl 
bill,  an  outgrowth  of  the  agitation  ef- 
fected by  the  Hamilton  County  Bee- 
Keeperes'  Association,  and  which  was 
drafted  by  A.  E.  Painter,  Esq.,  of  <Jin- 
cinuati,  and  presiented  by  Representa- 
tive D.  R.  Herrick. 

The  Hamilton  Association  is  fortun- 
ate in  the  possession  of  several  emin- 
ently capable  gentlemen,  not  in  mat- 
ters  pevtaining   to    bees    alone   but    in 


BEE-KEEPER. 


83 


ed  faithfully  for  the  Herrick  bill. 

Beginning  from  the  left  to  the 
right:  First,  Mr.  R.  L.  Curry,  one  of 
the  pioneers  in  Hamilton  county  bee- 
keeping. Mr.  Curry  has  been  a  bee- 
keeper for  the  past  forty  years,  is  well 
versed  in  science,  and  has  faith  in  the 
■NI'Evoy  treatment  for  foul  brood, 
which  time  aad  again  he  has  put  to  a 
severe  but  successful  test. 

The  second,  Mr.  C.  H.  W.  Weber,  of 
formalin  gas  fame. 


'/'C/ir- 

.   V 

1 

f. 

1 

iJLc  Keepers    at    tlie     (Jhio     Capital. 

affairs  relative  to  the  science  it  gov- 
ernment and  the  somewhat  mysccri- 
ous  realm  of  law.  They  are  progres- 
sive and  energetic  wrokers  in  every 
cause  deemed  worthy  of  their  eirort,?. 
and  there  is  no  doubt  that  tlie  nlti- 
mate  results  of  their  labors  in  behalf 
of  apiarian  matters  in  Ohio  wiil  be  in- 
valuable to  bee-keeping  interests  of 
that  State.  Of  such  is  composed  the 
little  group  herewith  presented,  whioh 
waited  upon  the  agricultural  commit- 
tee of  the  House  of  Representacivef* 
at  Columbus,  Feb.  4,  and  there  labor- 


A.    E.    PAl-XTEK,    ESg. 
The     scholarly    attorney,     of    Cincinnati,     who 
drafted  the  new  Foul  Brood  Bill. 

The  third,  Mr.  John  C.  Frohliger,  the 
orator  of  the  little  crowd,  an  able  bee- 
keeper and  a  queen  breeder  of  no  little 
note. 

The  next,  Mr.  D.  R.  Herrick,  republi- 
can representative  of  Hamilton  coun- 
ty, and  a  counsin  of  the  present  gov= 
ernor  of  Ohio.  By  the  way,  Mr.  Her- 
rick is  an  able  bee-keeper,  years  ago 
having  been  a  queen-breeder.  He  had 
the  misfortune  to  lose  liis  bees  by  foul 
brood. 


84  jj    THE    AMERICAN 

The  fifth  is  Mr.  E.  P.  Rogers,  a  man 
who  can  talk  to  the  point,  and  is  a 
good  counselor. 

At  the  extreme  right  is  seen  Mr. 
Fred  W.  Muth,  the  wholesale  honey 
dealer  and  tireless  toiler  for  beedom's 
cause. 

At  this  writing  the  bill  has  passed 
the  house  of  representatives  without  a 
dissenting  vote,  and  is  now  in  the 
hands  of  the  agricultural  committee  of 
the  senate.  Definite  information  as  to 
its  fate  will  be  obtainable  within  a 
few  days. 


BEE-KEEPER.  April, 

advises  us  that  he  has  had  in  charge 
900  colonies  situated  near  Bermeja, 
from  which  he  has  taken  this  season 
ten  thousand  gjallons  of  honey  and 
1,100  nuclei.  It  is  conceded,  however 
that  the  Cuban  crop  is  very  short. 


Bee-keepers  frequently  report  hav- 
ing secured  "thi'ee-fourths,"  "one-half," 
'"one-third"  or  "one-fourth"  of  a  crop 
of  honey.  Yet  no  one  ever  seems  so 
fortunate  as  to  get  a  "crop  an^a  a  half." 
How  much  is  a  "full  crop?" 


The  Southland  Queen  reprints  Mr. 
Poppleton's  article  from  The  Bee- 
Keeper,  on  "Bee  Paralysis,"  and  er- 
roneously credits  it  to  Arthur  C.  Mil- 
ler. The  Queen  appears  to  become 
badly  "mixed"  when  it  undertakes  o 
do  or  say  anything  in  regard  to  this 
particular  malady. 


The  picture  of  "Bees  Working  on 
Chrysanthemums."  shown  on  page  52 
of  our  last  issue,  has  elicited  a  number 
of  interesting  comments  from  our 
studious  readers,  and  we  have  pleas- 
ure in  presenting  in  this  number  an 
explanatory  letter  from  Prof,  Benton, 
upon  the  subject.  When  attention  is 
called  to  the  distinguishing  points,  the 
difference  is  quite  apparent,  indeed, 
e^  en  in  a  picture,  though  the  general 
appearance  is  that  of  black  bees 
clambering  hastily  over  the  flowers, 
rather  than  "working."  Mr.  Arthur 
C.  Miller,  of  Rhode  Island,  was  the 
first  to  detect  the  "flies"  and  report. 
We  do  not  know  whether  Apis  melli- 
fera  is  ever  found  upon  chrysanthe- 
nuims,  or  not;  though  we  believe  some 
of  the  apiarian  writers  have  reported 
that  they  sometimes  are.  May  be  it 
was  Dr.   Miller. 


If  the  past  severe  winter  proves  dis- 
astrous to  bees  throughout  the  North- 
ern States,  as  appears  probable,  and 
but  slight  or  no  competition  from 
Cuba  and  California,  as  a  result  of  the 
short  crops  there  secured,  this  season, 
it  will  behoove  those  having  bees  to 
make  the  best  of  opportunities.  Pres- 
ent conditions  indicate  a  ready  mar- 
ket for  the  crop  of  1904. 


A  NEW  BEE  JOURNAL. 
The  apiarian  craft  is  to  have  a  new 
organ,  due  to  appear  this  month.  It 
is  to  be  published  by  W.  H.  Putnam, 
River  Falls,  Wis.,  and  will  be  known 
as  the  Rural   Bee-Keeper. 


Mr.  E.  M.  Storer,  an  old  Florida  bee- 
keeper who  has  been  operating  during 
the  past  two  or  three  years  in  Ja- 
maica and  Cuba  has  returned  to  the 
Florida  coast  and  purchased  another 
apiary.  Notwithstanding  the  recent 
reports  of  the  entire  failure  of  the  Cu- 
ban honey  crop  this  year,  Mr.   Storer 


HONEY  AND  BEESWAX  MAR- 
KETS. 

Buffalo,  March  10.— Buffalo  honey 
market  has  been  very  unsatisfactory 
all  winter,  and  continues  so;  yet  a  lib- 
eral amount  can  be  sold  at  low  prices. 
The  suppl.y  is  moderate  and  the  de- 
mand, is  more  so.  We  quote  our  market 
today  as  follows:  Fancy  comb,  12  to 
13  cents;  other  grades  7  to  10  cents.  Ex- 
tracted, in  light  demand  at  5  to  7  cents. 
Beeswax,  29  to  30  cents. 

Batterson  &  Co. 


Milwaukee,  March  10. — The  demand 


1904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


is  not  all  that  we  would  desire.  It  New  York,  March  10. — The  supply- 
should  improve,  and  we  think  as  of  honey  is  very  large  for  this  time  of 
spring  opens  it  will.  Supply  is  very  year,  while  the  demand  is  very  quiet. 
good.  We  quote  today:  Comb,  11  to  We  quote  our  market  today:  White 
lo  cents,  as  to  quality  and  quantity,  comb,  12  to  14  cents;  dark,  9  to  19 
Extracted,  bbls.,  6  to  G  1-2  cents;  cans,  cents.  Extracted,  5  to  6  1-2  cents. 
(5  1-2  to  7  1-2  cents.  Beeswax,  28  to  39  Beeswax  ,  29  to  30  cents. 
cents.  A.  V.  Bishop  &  Co.  Hildreth  &  Segelkeu. 


Cincinnati,   March  4. — The     demand 
for  honey  is  somewhat  brighter  than    ^         .  _- ,         a    r*     t 

it  was  in  the  past  sixty  days.    We  con-    CCnt=3.=  WOrU    LOlUlllII. 

tinue  to  offer  Amber  Extracted  in  bar- 
rels at  5  1-2  to  6  1-2  cents,  according 
to  quality.  White  clover  extracted  is 
a  drag  on  the  market  at  6  1-2  to  8  cents 
in  barrels  and  cans.  Comb  honey 
seems  to  be  reviving  at  13  1-2  to  15 
cents  for  fancy.  Beeswax  is  wanted  at 
30  cents  per  pound  delivered  here. 
The  Fred  W.  Muth  Co. 


The  rate  is  uniformly  one  cent  for  each 
word  each  month ;  no  advertisement,  however 
small,  will  be  accepted  for  less  than  twenty 
cents,  and  must  be  paid  in  advance.  Count 
the  words  and  remit  with  order  accordingly. 


Kansas  City,  March  14. — Ph^e  de- 
mand for  honey  is  somewhat  limited, 
while  the  supply  is  large.  We  quote 
our  market  today  as  follows:  Fancy 
comb  and  No.  1  comb,  .$2.25  per  case; 
choice,  $2.00.  Extracted,  white,  6  to 
6  1-2  cents;  amber,  5  1-2  to  6  cents. 
Beeswax,  30  cents.  There  is  not  much 
change  in  the  honey  market,  but  we 
believe  the  demand  will  pick  up  to  a 
certain  extent  soon.  Would  not  be 
surprised  to  see  a  good  market  next 
month.  C.  C.  Clemens  &  Co. 

Chicago,  March  8.— It  is  difficult  to 
get  more  than  12  cents  per  pound  for 
any  lot  of  white  comb  honey,  with 
sales  chiefly  at  11  cents;  even  at  this 
price  it  does  not  work  off  as  fast  as 
owners  wish  it  would.  Selections  in 
the  most  desirable  grades  bring  a  lit- 
tle higher  price  in  small  quantities. 
Off  grades  sell  at  1  to  2  cents  per  pound 
less.  Extracted  honey  plentiful  and 
slow  of  sale.  White  brings  6  to  7 
cents;  amber  5  to  6  cents  according  to 
quality  and  style  of  package.  Bees- 
wax active  at  30  cents  per  pound. 
R.  A.  Burnett  &  Co. 


WILL  EXCHANGE  Miller's  Early  Raspberry,  $8 
thousand,  Rathbun  Blackberry  Tips,  fiS.OO, 
Transplants,  $37.50,  Photographic  Outfit,  $42, 
for  Gregg  Raspberry  Tips,  $10,00,  inspected. 
Sweet's  Nursery,   Swanton,  Md. 


Toronto,  Can.,  March  19.— The  sup- 
ply of  honey  is  abundant.  The  demand 
is  onfy  tair.  We  quote  our  market  to- 
day as  follows:  Comb,  .$1.50  per  dozen 
on  the  average.  Extracted,  6  to  8 
cents  according  to  quality.  Beeswax 
30  to  32  cents.  We  find  the  retail  mar- 
ket vei-y  fair,  but  not  much  demand 
for  large  wholesale  lots. 

B.  Granger  &  Co. 


FOR  SALE — A  Hawkeye,  Jr.,  Camera  com- 
plete. Uses  both  film  and  plates.  Cost  $3.00, 
will  sell  with  leather  case  for  J.?.. "50  cash. 
Address  Empire  Washer  Co.,  Falconer,  N. 
Y. 

A  TANDEM  BICYCLE  (for  man  and  lady) 
cost  }fl50,  in  first-class  condition,  was  built  to 
order  for  the  owner.  Tires  new.  Will  sell 
for  ^25  cash.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Ad- 
dress .T-  Clayborne  ^lerrill,  130  Lakeview, 
ave.,  Jamestown,  N.   Y. 

AGENTS  WANTED  to  sell  advertising  nov- 
ties,  good  commission  allowed.  Send  for 
catalogue  and  terms.  American  Manufac- 
turing Concern,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 

WANTED— To  exchange  six-month's  trial 
subscription  to  The  American  Bee-Keeper 
for  20  cents  in  postage  stamps.  Address, 
Bee-Keeper,  Falconer,  N.   Y. 

LEOTA  APIARY.— Pure  honey  for  sale  at 
all  times.  Thos.  Worthington,  Leota, 
Miss.  4t 


"Today  my  inmost  soul  was  stirred; 
I  saw  the  crocus  from  the  ground 
Burst,  like  a  little  flame,  and  heard 
The    wandering      bluebird's    trumpet 
sound. 

"The  heat  of  life  is  in  the  air. 

And  recreated  summer  swings 

Her  first  faint  odors  here  and  there, 

To  lure  the  bee's  adventurous  wings." 


When  writing  to  advei-tisers  mention 
The   American   Bee-Keeper. 


T 


HE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO.,  MEDINA,  OHIO. 
Breeders  of  Italian  bees  and  queens. 


GEO.  J.  VANDE  VORD,  DAYTON  A,  FLA. 
Breeds  choice   Italian   queens   early.     All 
queens  warranted  purely  mated,  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed . 


p     H.  W.  WEBER,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 
^«     (Cor.  Central  and  Freeman  Aves.)    Golden 
yellow.  Red  Clover  and  Camiolan  queens,  bred 
from  select  mothers  in  separate  apiaries. 

THE  HONEY  AND  BEE  COMPANY,  BEE- 
1  VILLE,  TEXAS.  Holy  Land,  Carniolan, 
Cyprian,  Albino  and  3  and  5-banded  Italian 
queens.  Write  for  our  low  prices.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed.. 


lOHN  M.  DAVIS,  SPRING  HILL,  TENN..  sends 
J  out  the  choicest  3-banded  and  golden  Italian 
queens  that  skill  and  experience  can  produce. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.    No  disease. 


PUNIC  BEES.  All  other  races  are  dis- 
carded after  trial  of  these  wonderful  bees. 
Particulars  post  free.  John  Hewitt  &  Co., 
ShefKeld,    England .  4 


1  B.  CASE,  PORT  ORANGE,  FLA.,  has  fine 
J  •  golden  Italian  queens  early  and  late.  Work- 
ers little  inclined  to  swarm,  and  cap  their  honey 
very  white.  Hundreds  of  his  old  customers  stick 
to  him  year  after  year.     Circular  free. 


CWARTHMORE  APIARIES,  SWARTHMORE, 
•^  PA.  Our  bees  and  queens  are  the  brighest 
Italians  procurable.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Correspondence  in  English,  French,  German  and 
Spanish.    Shipments  to  all  parts  of  the  world. 


WZ.   HUTCHINSON,  FLINT,  MICH. 
•     Superior  stock  queens,  $1.50  each;  queen 
and  Bee-Keepers'  Review  one  year  for  only  $2.00. 


NEW  CENTURY  QUEEN-REARING  CO.,  (John 
W.  Pharr,  Prop.)  BERCLAIR,  TEXAS,  ia 
breeding  fine  golden  and  3-banded  Italian  and 
Carniolan  queens.  Prices  are  low .  Please  write 
for  special  information  desired. 


M  CORE'S  LONG-TONGUED  STRAIN 
of  Italians  become  more  and  more  popu- 
lar each  year.  Those  who  have  tested  them 
know  why.  Descriptive  circular  free  to  all. 
Write  J.   P.   Moore,   L.   Box  1,   Morgan,   Ky. 


CLONE  BEE  CO.,  SLONE,  LOUISIANA. 

■^    Fine   Golden   Queens,    Leather-Colored  Ital 

ians  and  Holy  Lands.    Prices  low. 


HOMESEEKERS 

AND  INVESTORS,  who  are  interest 
ed  in  the  Southern  section  of  the 
Union,  should  subscribe  for  THE 
DIXIE  HOMESEEKER,  a  handsome 
illustrated  magazine,  describing  the 
industrial  development  of  the  South, 
and  its  many  advantages  to  homeseek- 
ers  and  investors.  Sent  one  year  on 
trial  for  15c. 

Address, 

THE  DIXIE    HOMESEEKER, 
West  Appomattox,  Va 


When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


American 


BEE 


Journal 


16  -  p.  Weekly. 

Sample  Free. 

JJ®"  All  about  Bees  and  theif 
profitable  care.  Best  writers,, 
Oldest  bee-paper;  illustrated. 
Departments  for  beginners)! 
and  for  women  bee-keepers. 

QEORae  W.  YORK  &  CO. 

144  &  146  Erie  St.  Chicago,Ili,. 


SH/NE/ 

The  Empire  Washer  Company,  Jamestowni 
N.  Y.,  makes  a  Shine  Cabinet,  furnished  with 
foot  stand,  blacking,  russet  dressing,  shoe 
rubber — in  fact,  all  articles  and  materials  need- 
ed to  keep  shoes  looking  their  best — ?nd  it  is 
made  to  be  fastened  to  the  wall  of  the  toilet 
room  or  kitchen.  It  does  away  with  the  ve"a»i 
tious  searching  after  these  articles  which  isi 
altogether  too  common.  A  postal  will  bringi 
jou  details  of  this  and  other  good  things. 


THE    FLORIDA  BEE 
BRUSH 


An  implement  of  unusual  merit  and  the  nov- 
elty of  the  season  in  apiarian  supplies.  The 
best  brush  for  bees  ever  placed  upon  the 
market.     For  sale  by  supply  dealers. 


The  Rural  Bee-Keeper 


is  the  uame  f  a  new  monthly  publica- 
tion devoted  to  the  interest  of  bee-keep- 
ers. A  foreign  travels  department 
lends  an  added  interest,  and  the  wo- 
men's department  will  interest  ma  as 
W€il  as  pa. 


Sample  copy  free. 

W.  H.   PUTNAM 


tf 


River  Falls, 


W 


isconsin 


THE  BEST  PRINTED  PAPER 
J'  J-l^  FLO:i(DA    J-   J- 


Located  in  the  Heart  of  the  Gel- 
eorated  Pineapple  Belt  and  sur- 
rounded by  many  of  the  finest 
orange  groves  on  the  Indian  Riv- 
er, Fort  -  ierce  is  the  largest  and 
most  impoitant  town  in  Brevard 
county  and 

The  FORT  PIERCE  NEWS 


is  the  best  paper  in  the  county 
and  the  best  weekly  in  Florida. 
It  contains  reliable  information 
about  this  section  in  eveiy  issue. 
Only  $1.00  a  year.  Write  for 
sample  copy.  tfv 

The  News,  Fort  Pierce,  Fla. 


Salzer's 

National  Oats 

Oreatest  oat  of  tl.o  century. 

Yielded   in   UK.i  iu  OLiio  187, 

In   Mich.  2J1,  in  Mo,  255,  and  in 

N.  Dakota  310  bus.  per  acre.    You 

can  beat  that  record  iu  1904  I 

For  10c  and  this  notice 

we  mail  you  free  lots  of  farm  seed 
f'amples  and  our  biLC  catalog,  tell- 
ing all  about  this  oat  wonder  and 
thousands  of  other  seeds.  A 

JOHN  A.  SALZER  SEED  CQ.^IJJI) 
La  Crosse, 
F.        Wis. 


Beeswax 
Wanted 


We  will  pay  29  cents  cash  or  31  cents 
in  goods  for  good  quality  of  Beeswax, 
freight  paid  to  Falconer,  N.  Y.  If  you 
have  any,  ship  it  to  us  at  once. 
Prices  sul^ect  to  change  without  notice. 
TH  E  VV.  T.   FALCONER  MFG.  CO. 


CLUBCIXG   LIST. 
We    will    send    The    American    Bee-Keeper 
with  the — 

Price     Both 


Rocky    Mountain    Bee   Journal $.50 

What   to    Eat 1.00 

Bee-Keeper.s'    Review 1.00 

Canadian    Bee   Journal 1.00 

Gleanings   in    Bee   Culture l.OO 

.American    (Jueen 50 

The  American  Boy 1.00 

Irish     Bee     Journal 35 

Poultry    News 25 


$.78 
1.00! 
1.39 
1.3 
1.3 
.60 
1.00 

.ea 


PINEAPPLE  CULTURE 

If  you  are  located  in  the  World   Famed   Pineapple  Belt  of  the  Indian  River — is 
very  profitable  in  South  Florida. 

I  have  an  excellent  list  of  the  most  desirable  properties  suitable  for  the  culti- 
vation of  either  pineapples  or  oranges,  on  the  river,  both  improved  and  unim- 
proved, 

OUR  CLIMATE  IS  UNEXCELLED  ANYWHERE  ON   EARTH. 
If  yq(u  want  a  winter  home,  a  pineapple  farm  or  an  orange  grove  in  Florida  I 
should  be  pleased  in  assist  any  reader  of  The  Bee-Keeper  in  consummating  the 
wish.     Write,  or  come  and  see  me. 

JA^IES  E.  ANDRESVS,  Fort  Pierce,  Florida 


A  Novel  Premium 


They  subsist  wholly  upon  air.  No  earth  retiuired,  only 
an  occasional  sprinkling  of  water  is  necessary.  We 
will  send  a  nice  Air  Plant  free  to  anyone  favoring  us 
with  two  new  subscribers  to  The  Bee-Keeper,  for 
one  year. 


♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦^♦^^♦♦4- 

TO  OUR 


FREE 


SUBSCRIBERS 


THE  GREAT 


AMERICAN 
FARMER 

OF   INDIANAPOLIS^    IND., 

X     One  of  the  leading  agricultural  journals  of  the  nation,  edited  by  an 
able  corps  of  writers. 

This     valuable     journal     in     addition  to  the  logical  treatment  of  all 

agricultural  subjects,  also  discusses  the  great  issues  of  the  day,  there- 

^     by  adding  zest  to  its  columns  and  giving  the  farmer  something  to  think     ^ 

"/^     about  aside  from  the  every  day  humdrum  of  routine  duties.  ^ 

FOR  A  LIMITED  TIME  t 


By  special  arrangement  with  the  publishers  we  are  enabled  to  offer 
all  Bee-Keeper  readers  the  American  Farmer  one  year  absolutely  free. 

TWO  FOR  THE:  PRICE  OF  ONE 

Every  new  subscriber  who  sends  us  fifty  cents  to  pay  for"  The 
Bee-Keeper  one  year  may  also  have  the  American  Farmer,  without 
extra  charge.  Every  old  subscriber  who  pays  up  in  full  and  one  year 
in  advance  is  also  entitled  to  a  year's  subscription  to  the  Farmer. 

YOl  ARE  INVITED  TO  TAKE  IMMEDIATE  ADVANTAGE  OE  THISLOFFER 

ADDRESS : 

The  American  Bee= Keeper 

Falconer,  New  York 


THE  ONLY  GERMAN   AGRICULTURAL  MONTH- 
LY IN  THE  UNITED  STATtS  Jt^^^^^^^ 

FARM  UND  HAUS 

The  most  carefully  edited  German 
Agricultural  journal.  It  is  brimful  of 
practical  information  and  useful  hints 
for  the  up-to-date  farmer;  devoted  to 
stock  raising,  general  farming,  garden- 
ing, poultry,  bee-keeping,  etc.,  and  con- 
tains a  department  for  the  household, 
which  many  find  valuable.  Another  de- 
partment giving  valuable  receipts  and 
remedies  called  "Hasarzt,"  in  fact  every 
number  contains  articles  of  real  prac- 
tical use. 

Price  only  35  CENTS  per  year.  Sam- 
ple copy  free. 

Send  subscriptions  to, 


I  Are  You  Looking  for  a  Home? 

No  farmer  should  think  of  buying  land 
before  seeing  a  copy  of  THE  FARM  AND 
REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAL.  It  contains 
the  largest  list  of  lands  for  sale  of  any 
paper  published  in  Iowa.  Reaches  30,000 
readers  each  issue,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
advertising  mediums  to  reach  the  farmers 
and  the  Home-Seekers  that  you  can  ad- 
vertise in.  For  Toe.  we  will  mail  yo(u  the 
Journal  for  1  year,  or  for  ten  cents  in 
silver  or  stamps  we  will  send  you  the 
Journal  2  months  on  trial.     Address, 

Farm  and  Real  Estate  Journal, 

TRAER,  TAMA  CO.,   IOWA. 
10-tf. 


FARM 

&    tf. 


UND    HAUS 

BLUFFTON,  OHIO. 


Attica  Lithia  Springs  Hotel 

Litliia-Sulprmr  Water  ;iud  Mud  Baths 
Nature's  Own  Great  Cure  for 

...RHEUMATISM.... 

and  Kindred  Diseases,  such  as  Liver 
and  Kidney  Complaints,  Skin  and 
Blood  Diseases,  Constipation,  Nervous 
Prostration,  etc. 

A  new  and  up-to-date  hotel.  Large,  airy, 
light  and  Bnely  furnished  rooms,  with  Steam 
Heat,  t^lectric  Li'.ihts,  Hot  aud  Cold  Water 
on  eaeh  lloor.  Rates  includine;  Room,  Board, 
Mud  Baths,  Lithla-Sulphur  Witter  Baths  and 
Med      III.  50   aud 

$3.00  a  dav.  according  to  room. 

WRITE  FOR  BOOKLET. 

Address  Box  3, 

tf     Lithia  Springs  Hotel,  Attica,  Ind. 


Strawberries. 

Young,  healthy,  fresh,  vigor- 
ous stock  in  prime  condition  for 
spring  planting. 

All 

Leading 


Varieties 

Write  for  prices  and  terms. 

MONROE    STRAWBERRY    CO., 

Box  66  MONROE,  MICH. 


Headquarters  for  Bee-Supplies 

ROOT'S  GOODS  AT  ROOT'S  FACTORY  PRICES. 

Complete  stock  for  1904  now  on  hand.  Freight  rates  from  Cincinnati  are 
the  lowest.  Prompt  service  is  what  I  practice.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Langstroth   Portico   Hives  and   Stnndard  Honey-Jars  at  lowest  prices. 

You  will  save  money  buying  from  me.  Catalog  mailed  free.  Send  for 
same. 

Book  orders  for  Golden  Italians,  Ked  Clover  and  Carniolan  Queens;  for 
prices  refer  to  my  catalog. 

C.   H.  W.  WEBER 

Office  and  Salesrooms  2146-48  Central  Ave.   ^  w  IV T/^  |  XT IVT  A  'X' I        f\  |-|  I  /~\ 
Warehouses-Freeman  and  Central  Aves.  wli>^li>i>/\Ii,     UniW* 


La  Compania 
Manufacturera  Americana 

ofrece  los  mas  reducidos  precios  en  to 
da  clasc  de  articulos  para  Apicultores. 
Nucstra  Fabrica  cs  una  de  las  mas 
grandes  y  mas  antiguas  de  America. 
Especialidad  en  Colmcnas,  Ahumadores 
para  Colmcnas,  Extractorcs,  etc.  In 
ventores  y  perfeccionadores  de  muchos 
articulos  de  suma  utilidad  en  la  Apicul- 
tura.  Enviamos  gratis  nuestro  catalogo 
y  precios  a  quienes  lo  solicitcn.  Dirija- 

nse  a. 

THE  AMERICAN  MFG.  CO., 

Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  E.  U.  A. 


The  only  strictly  agricultural 
paper  published  in  this  State.  The 
only  agricultural  paper  published 
every  week.  It  goes  to  every  post 
office  in  State  of  Tennessee  and  to 
many  offices  in  Kentucky,  Alabama,  , 
Georgia,  Mississippi,  Arkansas, 
Texas,  Florida  and  Louisiana.  It 
is  the  official  organ  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Department  of  Tennessee  and 
Live  Stock  Commission.  Subscrip- 
tion $1  per  year  in  advance. 

Tennessee  Farmer  Pub.  Cor, 
itf  Nashville,  Tenn. 

BEGINNERS. 

sho".  '  have  a  copy  of 

The  Amateur  Bee-keeper, 

a  70  page  book,  by  Prof.  J.  W.  Rouse;  written  er 
pecially  for  amateurs.  Second  edition  just  ou' 
First  edition  of  1,000  sold  in  less  than  two  years 
Editor  York  says:  "It  i«  the  finest  little  book  pub- 
lished at  the  present  time."  Price  24  cents;  by 
mail  2S  cents.     The  little  book  and 

The  Progressive  Bee-keeper, 

^^L  lire,  proeresRire,  28  page  monthly  journal,)  on* 
year  for  B.')C.  Apply  to  any  first-claas  dealer,  or 
address 

LEAHY  MFG-  CO,,  HiB»iM».ue,  m.. 


The  Eecord. 

The  Oldest  and  Leading  Belgian 
Hare  Journal  of  America  and 
England, 

R.  J.  Fi.NLEY,  Editor  and  Publisher, 

The  only  journal  having 
an  English  Belgian  Hare 
Department. 

Ojie  copy  worth  the  yearly 
subscription. 

If  interesteo,  aon  t  fail  to 
send  2-cent  stamp  for  sample 
copy  at  once.     Address, 

R.  J.  FINLEY, 

''  MACON  ,  MO. 


To  gubtcrlbem  of 
THE   AMERICANBEEKEEPER 

And  Others! 

Until  Further  Notice 

We  WUl  Send  The 

Country 
Journal 

to  any  tddress  In  the  U.  S.  A.,  one 
year  for  10  cents,  proTlding  you 
mention  American  Bee-Keeper. 

The  Country  Journal  treat*  on 
Farm,  Orchard  and  Garden,  Poul- 
try and  Fashion.  It's  the  beat  pa- 
per printed  for  tlw  price. 

Address, 

The  Country  Journal, 

Allentown,  Pa. 

2tf 


W.     B:     VAUGiHAN 

NEWBURGH,    N.   Y. 

Agent  for  The  W.    T.   Falconer   Mfg. 

Go's. 

BEE=KEEPERS'   SUPPLIES. 

Jy-4  Catalogue  free. 


Sunshine 


is  gaining  ad- 
miration as  a 
popular    litera- 

ry  family 

■~~— ~'"^"'~""'~~^~  MAGAZINE. 
It  entertains  its  readers  with  good  short  stor- 
ies, sketches  and  poems  by  the  most  famous 
authors  of  the  day  and  is  a  magazine  of  supe- 
rior merit. 

It  is  a  welcome  visitor  in  every  home. 

Price  25  cents  a  year. 

We  wish  to  haye  our  magazine  in  your 
vicinity  and  as  a  special  offer  for  new  readers 
we  will  send  you 

Sunshine  for  I  Year  for  lOc. 

Think  of  it.  less  than  one  cent  a  copy.    Can't 
you  act  as  our  agent  ? 

ADD.  MAYES  PUB.  CO., 
LOUISVILLE,       -        KENTUCKY. 


ATHENS,  GA. 


Subscription,  ....  50  Cents  a  Year. 


Published  the  First  of  Every  Month 

and    Circulates    in    Every 

Southern    State. 


Al»\  KltTISING    RATKS  ON   APPLI- 
CATION. 


50    YEARS' 
EXPERiENCE 


Trade  Marks 
Designs 
Copyrights  Slc. 

Anyone  sending  a  sketch  and  description  may 
*julckly  ascertain  our  opinion  fpoe  whether  an 
Invention  is  probably  patentable.  Communica- 
tions strictly  conBdential.  Handbook  on  Patents 
sent  free.  Oldest  agency  for  securing  patents. 
-  Patents  taken  through  Munu  &  Co.  receive 
special  notice,  without  charge,  in  the 

Scientific  Hmerican. 

A.  handsomely  illustrated  weekly.  Largest  cir- 
culation of  any  scientific  Journal.  Terms,  13  a 
year  :  four  months,  $1.   Sold  ty  all  newsdealers. 

MUNNiCo.^eiBroadway.  New  York 

Branch  Office,  625  F  St..  Washington,  D.  C. 

When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
'JJip  Aiuericiin  Bee-Keeper. 


National  Bee-Keepers'  Associatioa, 

The  largest  bee-keepers'  society   in  the 
world . 

Organized    to  protect    and  promote   the 
interests  of  its  members. 

Membership  Pee,  $1.00  ■  Year. 

N.E.  FRANCE,  Platteville,  Wig., 

General  Manager  and  Treasurer. 


Clubbing  Offers 

Here  Is  a  Sample: 

Modern   Farmer $  .50 

Western  Fruit  Grower 50 

Poultry  Gazette 25 

Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture 1.00 

$2.25 
All  One  Year  for  only  $1.00. 

Write  for  others  just  as  good,  or  bet- 
ter. 

SAMPLE  FREE. 

New  subscribers  can  have  the  Amer- 
can  Bee  Journal  in  place  of  Gleanings, 
if  they  wish,  or  all  for  $1.60.  Renew- 
als to  A.  B.  J.  add  40c.  more. 

MODERN  FARMER, 

The  Clean  Farm  Paper 
St.  Joseph,  Mo. 


BEEKEEPERS 


INSIST  ON 


LEWIS 


SEND    FOR    NEW 
CATALOQ  FOR  1904 


GOODS 


68 


Q.  B.  LEWIS  CO. 

WATERTOWN,    WIS.,    U.    S.    A. 


FIGHTING  ROOSTERS 

Mystify  and  amuse  your 
friends.  These  are  two  gen- ; 
nine  game  roosters  with  | 
feathers,  they  fight  to  a 
finish,  and  are  always  ready 
to  fight.  The  secret  of  their 
movements  i8  only  known  to 
the  operator.  Will  last  a  life-  *i< 
time.  10c  per  pair,  3  for  25c, 
postpaid.    Address 

ZiiWO  SUPPLY  COMPANY 


Indianapolis 


BOX  J. 


Indiana 


I 


ROOT'S  GOODS 


QUALITY— They  are  made  from  good  materials.  You 
are  never  disappointed  and  disgusted  by  receiving 
goods  inaccurately  cat,  and  roughly  made,  from 
inferior  stock. 

(^*  e^*  t^*  «^^  ^*  ^*  ^^ 

INTERCHANGEABLENESS — This  accuracy  with 
which  goods  are  made  allows  a  customer  to  order 
goods  year  after  year,  and  each  lot  will  fit  the 
others  as  new  parts  fit  in  repairing  an  Elgin  watch. 

^t  ^f  <^  ^f  «^  «^  «^ 

PROMPTNESS- —With  our  immense  manufacturing 
facilities,  the  adoption  of  standard  goods,  and  the 
establishment  of  agencies  and  branch-houses 
throughout  ihe  various  parts  of  the  country,  we 
can  get  grodb  to  you  with  wonderful  promptness. 

(^  e^  e^  «^  <^  e^  «^ 

COST— -No  goods  of  like  quality  are  sold  at  lower  prices 
than  we  sell  them,  while  the  shipping  of  them  in 
car  lots  to  the  branch  houses  and  agencies,  allows 
the  customer  to  get  them  at  factory-prices  within 
a  short  distance  of  hib  home.  Send  for  a  catalog, 
and  li  t  of  dealers,  and  save  freight  and  time  by 
ordering:  from  your  nearest  dealer. 

The  A.  L  Root  Co, 

Medina,  Ohio 


I   n   , 


r''!  ;,t  the  Posioffice,  Fort  Pierce,     Fla..  ns  second-class  mail  matter. 


Vegetables,  Fruits  and  Farm 
Products  in  Florida  subscribe 
for  the  FLORIDA  AQRICUL= 
JURIST.  Sample  copy  sent 
on  application. 

E.O.  Painter  Pub.  Co. 

JACKSONVILLE,  FLORIDA. 


promptly   obtained   OR  NO   FEE.      Trade-Markj, 

I  Caveats.      Copyrights      and      Labels      registered. 

I  TWENTY  YEARS'  PRACTICE.  Highest  references. 

I  Send    model,     sketch    or    photo,    for    free    report 

Ion     patentability.      All      business      confidential.! 

1  HAND-BOOK  FREE.    Explains  everything.     Tells 

How  to  Obtain  and  8eU  Patents,  What  Inventions 

Will   Pay,  How  to  Get  a  Partner,  explains   best 

mechanical  movements,   and    contains  300  other 

inbjects  of  importance  to  inventors.        Address, 

H.  B.  WILLSON  &  CO.  aK,, 

790  F  Street  North,         WASHINGTON,  D.C^ 


BARNES' 

Foot  Power  Macbinery. 

This  cut  represent!  our 
Combined  Machine,  which 
IS  the  best  machine  mad« 
for  use  in  the  construction 
of  Hives,  Sections,  Boxes, 
etc.  Sent  on  trial.  Send  for 
Catalogue  and  Price  List. 
W.  F.  &  J.  BARNES  CO., 
913   Ruby  St.,   RockforiLlll. 


My  Breath. 

Shortness  of  Breath 
Is  One  of  the  Com- 
monest Signs  of 
Heart  Disease. 

Notwithstanding    what    many    physic- 
ians say,  heart  disease  can  be  cured. 

Dr.  Lilies'  Kcw  Heart  Cure  has  per 
manently  restored  to  health  many 
thousands  wl.o  had  found  no  relief  In 
the  mediclne.s  (allopathic  or  homoeo- 
pathic) of  re-ular  practicing  physicians. 
It  has  proved  itself  unique  in  the  his- 
tory of  medicine,  by  being  so  uniformly 
successful  in  curing  those  diseases. 

Nearly  always,  one  of  the  first  signs 
of  trouble  is  shortness  of  breath.  Wheth- 
er it  comes  as  a  result  of  walking  or 
■  running  up  stairs,  or  of  other  exercises. 
If  the  heart  is  unable  to  meet  this  extra 
demand  upon  its  pumping  powers — ^there 
is  something  wrong  with  it. 

The  very  best  thing  you  can  do,  Is  to 
take  Dr.  Miles'  New  Heart  Cure.  It 
will  go  to  the  foundation  of  the  trou- 
ble, and  make  a  permanent  cure  by 
strengthening  and  renewing  the  nerves. 
"1  know  that  Dr.  Lliies'  New  Heart 
Cure  is  a  great  remedy.  For  a  number 
of  years  I  suffered  from  shortness  of 
breath,  smothering  spells,  and  pains  In 
my  left  side.  For  months  at  a  time  I 
would  be  unable  to  lie  on  my  left  side, 
and  if  I  lay  flat  on  my  back  would  nearly 
smother.  A  friend  advised  using  Dr. 
Miles'  New  Heart  Cure,  which  I  did 
with  good  results.  I  b-g-an  to  improve 
at  once,  and  ai'ter  taking  several  bottles 
of  the  Heart  Cure  the  pains  in  my  side 
and  other  symptoms  vanished.  I  an: 
now  entirely  well.  All  those  dreadfu. 
smothering  spells  are  a  thing  of  th( 
past."— F.  P.  DRAKE,  Middletown,  O 
If  the  first  bottle  does  not  help  you 
I   the  druggist  will  refund  your  money 


itHiffiiipm 


The  only  Pipe  made 

that  cannot  he  told 

from  a  cigar.    Holds 

a  large  pipe  full  of 

tobaccu  and  lasts  for  years.     Agents'  outfit  and  a  25-cent  satupU 

by  mall  for  lOe.,  and  our~Big  Bargain  Catalog  Free.    Address, 


ZENO  SUPPLY  CO.,  JOPLIN,  MO- 


A  Boon 
For 


Pooltrj  Keepera 


How  we  make  our  hens  pay  400 
per  cent,  profit,  new  system,  our 

own  method,  fully  explained  in 

our  IlluMtrated  Poultry  Book,  which  contains 
Poultry  Keepers'  Aoe't  and  Kits  Record  showing 
gains  or  losses  every  month  for  one  year.  W  orlh  2.'^ 
I'ts,  sent  to  you  for  1  Oc.  If  you  will  send  names  of  5 
poultry  keepers  with  your  order.  Address, 
U.  S.  VIBliERT.  I*.B.  36,  ("linlonville.  <'()nn 


T?"PTr'TP  Write  to  us  for  Free  fria 
£  HtlUili  Package  of  Dr.  Miles'  Anti- 
Pain  Pills,  the  New  Scientific  Remedj 
for  Pain.  Also  Symptom  Blank.  Oui 
Specialist  will  diagnose  your  case  tel 
you  what  is  wrong,  and  how  to  right  It 
Free.        DR.      MILES      MEDICAL      CO. 

LABOHATORIES.    EI^KHART,    INI 


"We    h.-jve   an   avvfu!   appetite    for   orders." 
The   W.    T.    FALCONER    MFG.    CO. 
l'.ec-keepers'   Supplies  Jamestown,'  N. 

Send  us   your  name  and   address  for  a  cata 
logue. 

The  subscription  price  of  the  ROCK 
MOUNTAIN  BEE  JOURNAL  is  50  cent 
We  will  send  it  with  THE  BEE-KEEPE 
one  year  for  only  75  cents. 


Bee    Hives 
Sections 

EVERYTHING 


THAT  IS  USED  BY  BEE-KEEPERS  CAN  BE 
PROCURED  OF  US  AS  CHEAPLY  AS  ANY- 
WHERE, AND  WE  KNOW. 

Our  Goods  are  Superior 

BOTH  IN  MATERIALS    AND    WORKMAN- 
SHIP TO  THOSE  OF  ANY  COMPETITOR. 

One   Trial   Will   Convince   You 

THAT'S  ALL  WE  ASK.  WE  KNOW  YOU 
WILL  NEVER  BUY  OF  ANYBODY  ELSE. 

Our  new  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list  is  now 
ready.  Send  for  one  on  a  postal  card. 


The  W.  T. 
FALCONER  JVIANFG.  CO., 

JMMEISTOWNi,  N.  Y. 


THE  BEST  PRINTED  PAPER 
J.  J.    IN  FLORIDA   ^  ^ 


Located  in  the  Heart  of  the  Cel- 
eui-ated  Pineapple  Belt  and  sur- 
rounded bj'  many  of  the  finest 
orange  groves  on  the  Indian  Riv- 
er Fort  Piert-e  is  the  largest  and 
most  important  town  in  Brevard 
county  and 

The  FORTP^IERCE  NEWS 

is  the  best  paper  in  the  county 
and  the  best  weekly  in  Florida. 
It  contains  reliable  information 
about  this  section  in  eveiT  issue. 
Only  $1.00  a  year.  Write  for 
sample  copy.  *'" 

The  News,  Fort  Pierce,Fla. 


Beeswax 
Wanted 


We  will  pay  29  cents  cash  or  31  cents 
in  goods  for  good  quality  of  Beeswax, 
freight  paid  to  Falconer,  N.  Y.  If  you 
have  any,  ship  it  to  us  at  once. 
Prices  subject  to  change  without  notice. 
THE  W.  T.   FALCONER  MFG.  CO. 


The  Rural  Bee-Keeper 

vou  how  to  make  money  with  bees. 
^  The  first  number  coniains  valuable  infor- 
*\v.  »X  Koo-inners  bv  Harrv  Lathrop.  A.  U. 
Cepard  M  V^Kaey 'anlotherl  Shook  Swann- 
fnl  or  How  to  (>.ntrol  the  Swarming  Impulse, 
i^'w  7  Vntohinson-  Co-Operation  Among 
sL-Keepers  V  Walter'  R.  Ans^ll ;  The  Provost 
Kal'nfthe  south  At-rican  war  by  Captam 
Thomas,  who  is  a  subject  of  Kmg  Ed  warn ,  ine  | 

aLou?  April  lou'    Advertising  forms  close  20th  of 

P'"''w1'a?e  now  ai  work  on  the^  May  number  and  | 
can  Assure  vou  that  the  second  n«™b'-'':  " ',''  ^^  I 
more  interesting  and  more  valuable  tha.i  the  , 
nrst  It  will  l.e  the  purpose  of  THE  RURAL 
RFF  KFEPER  to  champion  the  cause  of  the  1 
nV;^,^-,tr;   bee-keeper    to  show  him  the  way 

information  in  one  year  for  hftj  cents. 

W.  H.  PUTN  AlVl,  River  Falls,  Wis. 


PPFF  !c^fptrtriv^EKfci/i«s 

rKt^t:'    theVst  monthly  Y'^P^Y'loo  oC; 
lished,andwewinsendyousamples.>^l^^^ 

I'^SrIES:  Dept.H'D^^  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


DON'T  KILL 

YOU RSELF.  WASH! NG  THE  ~  - 

WAY,  BUT  BUY  AM  E  M  P  I   RE 

V^  A  S  H  E R,  vDxth  tcfttc*  IM 
frailest  woman  can  do  an  or- 
dinary waihina  in  one  hour, 

vithout   wetting    her   handn.  -    - 

Sample  atwholetalf Price.  Satisfaction  Gnarftnteeo.! 
No  pan  until  tried.  Write  for  jriuttraled  Cata^iM» 
9ndprice»  ofWringeriJromng  TabU»,  Clothe*  HeeM 

MAPS. 

A  vest  pocket  Map  of  your  State 

New  issue.  These  maps  show  al 
the  Counties,  in  seven  colors,  a 
railroads,  postoffices  —  and  man 
towns  not  given  in  the  postal  guid 

~ rivers,  lakes  and  mountains,  wit 

index  and  population  of  countie 
cities  and  towns.  Census— it  g\v< 
all  official  returns.  We  will  sei 
you  postpaid   any  state   map  y 

[    wish  for 

I      20  cents  (siive) 


Hit 


JOHN  W.    HANN, 

Wauneta,  Ni 


CLUBBING  LIST. 
We    will     send    The    American 
with  the— 
Rocky    Mountain    Bee   Journal.. 

What    to    Eat 

Bee-Keepers'    Review 

Canadian    Bee  Journal 

Gleanings   in    Bee   Culture 

American    Queen 

The  American  Boy l-^_ 

Irish    Bee    Journal 

Poultry    News 

Rural    Bee-Keeper,     

Poultry    Success,    


Bee-Keei 

Price  B 

..$  .50  ? 

.  1.00  1 

.  1.00  1 

.  1.00  1 

.  1.00  : 

.     .50 


35 

.25 
.50 
.50 


Homes  in 

Old  Virginia. 

It  is  gradually  brought  to  light 
that  the  Civil  war  has  made  great 
changes,  freed  the  slaves,  ^nd  in 
consequence  has  made  the  large 
land  owners  poor  and  finally  freed 
the  land  from  the  original  owners 
who  would  not  sell  until  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  There  are  some 
of  the  finest  lands  in  the  market  at 
very  low  prices,  lands  that  produce 
all  kinds  of  crops,  grasses,  fruits, 
and  berries;  fxne  for  stock.  You 
find  green  truck  patches,  such  as 
cabbage,  turnips,  lettuce,  kale, 
spinach,  etc.,  growing  all  the  win- 
ter. The  climate  is  the  best  all  th» 
year  around  to  be  found,  not  too 
cold  nor  too  warm.  Good  water. 
Healthy.  Railroads  running  in 
every  direction.  If  you  desire  to 
know  all  about  Virginia  send  10c. 
for   three    months    subscription    of 

the   VIRGINIA   FARMER  to 

Farmer  Co.,  Emporia,  Va. 


There  is  do  trade  or  ijrofession  better  catered  to 
oy  good  journals  thu.n  that  of  the  farmer.  Unia- 
telligent  nnprogressiveness  has  now  no  excuse. 


A  BATH 


luxur" 


taken  ib  an 

Folding  BATH 

Used  in  any  room. 
AfiEN'TS  Wanted. 
Catalogue  Free. 

^Thb  empire 
^washer  co., 
%/amestown,n.y. 


FMPIRE 

^      Portable 


m 


»*;*><>=»**s-$*-^t^*?»^*di^-$-5!ja 


BEE=SUPPLIES 

Bee    Hives,    Sections,    Smokers, 
Bee-Veils,       Frames, 

And  everything  used  by  bee-keepcr.s. 
Largest  stoclc  in  the  Central  States.  Low 
freight  rate.s.     Catalogue  free. 


iyA    C.  M.  SCOTT  &  CO. 

1001  E.  Washington  St.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


THE   DIXIE   HOME  MAGAZINE 

10c  a  year.  Largest.Brlghtest  and  Finest  Illustrated 
Magazine  in  the  World  for  10c  a  year,  to  intro- 
duce it  only. 

It  is  bright  and  up-to-date.  Tells 
all  about  Southern  Home  Life.  It  is 
full  of  fine  engravings  of  grand  scen- 
ery, buildings  and  famous  people. 
Send  at  once.  10c.  a  year  postpaid 
anywhere  in  the  U.  S.,  Canada  and 
Mexico.  3  years  50c.  Or,  clubs  of  6 
names  50c.,  12  for  $1.  Send  us  a  club. 
Money  back  if  not  delighted.  Stamps 
taken.  Cut  this  out.  Send  today. 
THE  DIXIE  HOME, 
Birmingham,  Ala.  ' 

When  writing,  mention  the  Am.  BeeKeeper. 

na/e  want 

Every  reader  of  the  American  Bee-Keeper  to 
write   for  a   free   sample   copy   of  the 

ROCKY  MO'JNTAIN  BEE  JOURNAL 

Tells  you  about  Western  methods,  co-opera- 
tive honey  selling  and  the  graet  big  crops  that 
have  made  the  Alfalfa  regions  famous.  Ad- 
dress   the    publisher, 

H.  C.  MOREHOUSE, 

Bouldei"    Oolo. 


When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The   American    Bee-Keeper. 


f8:e:93C8:8:82»0<:e:8:8:e:e:e:8:8:e:8^^ 
PINEAPPLE  CULTURE 

If  you  are  located  in  the  World  Famed  Pineapple  Belt  of  the  Indian  River— is 
very  profitable  in  South  Florida. 

I  have  an  excellent  list  of  the  most  desirable  properties  suitable  for  the  culti- 
vation of  either  pineapples  or  oranges,  on  the  river,  both  improved  and  unim- 
proved. 

OUR  CLIMATE  IS  UNEXCELLED  ANYWHERE  ON  EARTH. 
If  yqlu  want  a  winter  home,  a  pineapple  farm  or  an  orange  grove  in  Florida  I 
should  be  pleased  in  assist  any  reader  of  The  Bee-Keeper  in  consummating  the 
wish.     Write,  or  come  and  see  me. 

JAMES  E.  ANDREWS,  Fort  Pierce,  Florida. 


AGENTS  Wanted  'washing  Machines. 


You  can  double  your  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

and  they  sell  easily.     We  have  sold  over   150,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years, 
are  cheaper  than  e'l'er.     Catalogue  Free. 


They 


The  Empire  Washer  Co.,    Jamestown,  N.Y. 


The  Tovs^a 

Horticultural 

Paper. 

Monthly, 
50  cents   " 
per  year. 

It  is  unique, 
planned  on 
original  lines. 

You  cannot 
be  up-to-date 
in  fruit  growing  unless  you  read  it. 

Balance  of   this   year  free  to  new 
subscribers. 

THE  FRUITMAN, 

Mt.  Vernon,   Iowa. 


ttx 


The  Nebraska  Farm  Journal 

A  monthly  journal  devoted  to 
agricultural  interests.  Largest 
circulation  of  any  agricultural  pa- 
per in  the  west.  It  circulates  in 
Missouri,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Iowa 
and  Colorado. 


Itf 


C.  A.  DOUGLASS,  prop. 
1123  N  St.,  Lincoln,  Neb. 


W.  M.  Gerrish,  R.  F.  D.,  Epping,  N.  H., 
keeps  a  complete  supply  of  our  goods,  and 
Eastern  customers  will  save  freight  by  order- 
ing of  him. 

The  W.  T.  P'alconer  Mfg.  Co. 


AUSTRALIANS. 

NOTE  the  address— 

Pender  Bros., 

WEST  MAITLAND, 
New  South  Wales,       Australia. 

The  largest  manufacturers  of    Beekeepers' 
Supplies  in  the  Southern  Hemisphere, 
and    publishers    of   the    AUSTRALASIAN 
BEEKKEPER,   the  leading  bee  journal  south 
of  the  equator. 
Sample  copy  and  64-page  catalogue,  FREE 
(5-tf  


When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


CASH  FOR  YOl 

The  American  Bee-Keeper  is  in  the  market  to  buy  arti- 
cles on  bee-keeping-  subjects.  Articles  with  photographs 
to  illustrate  are  especially  desired.  We  will  pay  well  for 
good  work.  We  want  reporters  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 
Give  us  an  opportunity  to  bid  on  your  pen  productions 
and  the  results  of  your  photographic  skill.     Address, 

THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER, 

Fort  Pierce,  Fla. 


I      Special  Notice  to  Bee=keepers!      r 

I    BOSTON 

nj  Money  in  Bees  for  You. 

^  Catalog  Price  on 

ROOT^S  SUPPLIES 

Catalog  for  tlie  Asking. 


F.  H.  Farmer,  182  Friend  St., 
Boston,  Mass. 

Up  First  Fliglit. 


PROVIDENCE  nUEENS^ 
ROYE  THEIR  IJoALITlES 

TO  BE 

UNEXCELLED 

Head  your  colonies  with  them. 
Use  them  to  invigorate  your  stock. 
They  will  increase  your  profits. 
Produced  by  many  years  of  careful 
breeding.  A  circular  will  be  sent 
on  request. 

LAWRENCE   C.   MILLER, 

P.  O.Box  1113.  Providence,  R.  I. 

Put  Your  Trust  in  Providence  Queens 


CAVEATS,  TRADE  MARKS, 
COPYRIGHTS  AND  DESIGNS. 

[  Send  your  business  direct  to  "Washington,  i 
saves  time,  costs  less,  better  service. 

My  office  close  to  U.  S.  Patent  Office.  FREE  prelimin-  , 
•  ary  examinations  made.  Atty's  fee  not  due  until  patent  j 
is  secured.  PERSONAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN~19  YEARS  i 
ACTUAL  EXPERIENCE.  Book  "How  to  obtain  Patents,"  < 
,  etc.,  sent  free.  Patents  procured  through  E.  G.  Siggera  • 
(receive  special    notice,    without  charge,   in    the] 

INVENTIVE    ACE 

(illustrated  monthly— Eleventh  year— terms,  $1.  a  year, 

918  FSt..  N.  W., 
, washington,  d.  c, 


E.II.SieeEIIS.: 


n.  K 


20  per  cent.  Profit 

Pineapples,  Oranges,  Grape  Fruit 

Make    a    Specialty    for    Non-Resident    Owners 
and   Intending  Settlers  in  the 

Lovely   Lake  Region  of  South    Florida. 

20    er    cent,    annual    return    on    investment. 

Pure  air,  pure  water,  no  mosquitoes.  High 
pine  and  oak  land,  bordered  by  fresh  water 
lakes,  suited  to  all  citrus  fruits  and  pineapples. 
Good  title.  Time  payments.  Address  for  de- 
scriptive matter,  W.  E.  Pabor,  Manager  Pa- 
bor   Lake    Pineries,    Avon    Park,    Fla.  tf 


If,   EINGHAM 

5     has   made   all    the   im- 
provemoiitd   in 

Bee  Smokers  and 
Honey  Knives 

made  in  Lhe   last  20   years,  undoubtodl v 
he  makes  the  best  on  earth. 

Smoke  Engine.    4  inch  stove,   none  too  lara-  fent 
postpaid,  per  mail *J  60 

3M>  inch ]  in 

Knife,  80  cents.  3  inch i.uo 

2\i  inch 'JO 

r.  F.  Bingham,  ?'°';^,;••■. '^ 

Farwell,  Mich.       Lutle  Wonder,  3 ^n.     .65 


Pateot  Wired  Comb  Foandation 

has  no  sag  in  brood  frames. 

TMn  Flat  Bottom  Foondatlon 

has  no  Fish-bone  in   Surplus  Honey. 

Being  the  cleanest  is  usually  worked  the 
quickest  of  any  foundation  made.  The  talk 
about  wiring  frames  seems  absurd.  We  furnish 
a  Wired  Foundation  that  is  Better,  Cheaper 
and  not  half  the  trouble  to  use  that  it  is  to 
wire    brood    frames. 

Circulars    and    sample    free. 

J.    VAN  DEUSEN    <£  SONS, 

Sole    Manufacturers 
Montgomery  Co.,  Sprout  Brook,  N.  Y. 


L  J.  STRINGHAM, 

105  Park  Place, 
NEW     YORK  . 
Furnishes  everything  a  bee-keeper  uses.     We  endeavor  to  have 
our  Hne  of  suppHes  include  the  most  practical  articles.     Full  col- 
onies of  bees.     Nuclei  colonies  and  queens  in  season,       Discount 
J    for  early  orders. 
Apiaries.     Glen  Cove,  L.  I.  Catalog  free. 


Bee  Supplies  Exclusively 

A  complete  line  of  Lewis' fine  Bee    I  Bingham's   Original   Patent  Smokers 
supplies.  «^d  Knives. 

Dadant's  Foundation.  I  Root's  Extractors,  Gloves,  Veils,  etc. 

Queen  Bees  and  Nuclei  in  Season.    In   fact   anything    needed    in   the   "Bee- 
Line,"  at 

FACTORY  PRICES  HERE  IN  CINCINNATI 

Where  prompt  service  is  yours,  and     freight  rates  are  lowest.     Special  dis- 
count for  early  orders.    Send  for  cata  log. 

THE  FRED  W.  MUTH   COMPANY 

(We're  Successors  to  Nobody,  nor  Nobody's  Successors  to  Us.) 

CINCINNATI,  OHIO 
51  WALNUT  STREET 


3  and  5=Banded  Italian 
and  Carniolan  Queens. 

Say  friends,  you  who  have  support- 
ed'us  during  the  past  season,  we 
desire  to  express  our  thanks  for 
your  patronage  in  the  past,  and 
respectfully  solicit  a  continuance  of 
your  valued  favors  through  the  sea- 
son of  1904. 

Our  queens  now  stand  upon  their 
merits  and  former  record.  We  are 
preparing  for  next  season,  and  seek- 
ing the  patronage  of  large  apiarists 
and  dealers.  We  do  not  claim  that 
our  queens  are  superior  to  all  oth- 
ers but  that  they  are  as  good  as 
the  best.  We  will  furnish  from  one 
to  a  thousand  at  the  following 
prices-  ""^sted  of  either  race,  $1; 
one  uute  d,  75c.,  5  for  $3.25,  lO 
for  $6,  15  for  $8.25,  25  for  $12.50,  50 
for  $23.50,  100  for  $45. 
For  descriptive  circulars  address, 

JOHN  W.  PHARR,  Prop., 

New  Century  Queen  Rearing  Co.,  Ber- 
clair,  Goliad  Co.,  Texas. 


9 


American 


BEE 


Journal 


16 -p.  Weekly. 

_    ^  Sample  Free. 

aS"  All  about  Bees  and  their 
profitable  care.  Best  writers. 
Oldest  beepaper;   illustrated. 

Departments  f<  r  beginners 
and  for  women  bee-keepers. 
Address, 

OEORQE  W.  YORK  &  CO.. 
144  &  146  Erie  St.  Chicago.Ilu 


Subscription  Agencies. 

Subscriptions  for  the  Ameri- 
can Bee-Keeper  may  be  entered 
through  any  of  the  following 
agients,  when  more  convenient 
than  remitting  to  our  offices  at 
Fort  Pierce,  Florida,  or  James- 
town, N.  Y.: 

J.   E.    Jonhson,     Williamsfleld, 

.11. 

The  Fred  W.  Muth  Company, 

51  Walnut  St.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

T.  Phillips,  Johneonville,  N.  Y. 

John  W.  Pharr,  Berclair,  Tex. 

W    O.  Victor,  Wharton,  Texas, 

Miss    S.    Swan,    Port   Burwell, 

;   Ontario. 

\      G.    A.    Nunez,    Stann    Creek, 

•  British  Honduras. 

[  Walter  T.  Mills,  Burnham,  N. 

>  Rochester,  Kent  Co.,  Ivan  House, 

I  England. 

\  G.  J.  S.  Small,  Marton,  Wang- 

[  anui    New  Zealand. 

I  H.  H.  Robinson,  Independencia 

*  16    Matanzas,   Cuba. 
[ 


Vol.  XIV 


MAY,    1904. 


No.  5 


PLACE  FOR  THE  NEXT  MEET- 
ING  OF  THE  NATIONAL  BEE- 
KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. 


By  Frank   Benton. 


AS  A  MEMBER  of  this  organiza- 
tion I  am  of  the  opinion  that 
stronger  reasons  can  be  present- 
ed in  favor  of  holding  the  next  annual 
convention  in  St.  Louis  than  in  any 
other  place. 

1st.  There  will  not  be  the  least 
doubt  as  to  railway  rates,  and  they 
will  be  lower  than  can  be  secured  by 
the  Association  itself,  even  if  the  re- 
quired number  to  secure  reductions  on 
the  certificate  plan  from  the  various 
sections  of  the  country  could  be  got 
together  in  any  other  city. 

2nd.  Everyone  wants  to  go  to  the 
grand  World's  Fair  which  will  be  held 
in  St.  Louis  in  1904. 

3rd.  Many  good  bee-keepers  who  are 
able  to  give  more  information  to  oth- 
ers than  they  are  likely  to  get  them- 
selves at  such  a  meeting,  would  hard- 
ly feel  disposed  to  pay  their  fare  to  a 
distant  point  for  the  sake  of  present- 
ing in  person  their  views,  which  they 
could  give  to  the  public  through  the 
medium  of  printed  .iournals,  unless 
there  should  be  at  the  terminus  of 
their  journey  some  other  attraction  in 
addition  to  the  convention. 

4th.  St.  Louis  is  central.  It  will 
appeal  to  bee-keepers  fi'om  the  East 
and  the  West,  from  the  North  and  the 
South.  It  is  not  too  far  Bast  for  the 
Rocky  Mountain  and  Pacific  Coast 
bee-keepers,  nor  too  far  West  for  those 
from  the  middle  and  Eastern  i-egions. 

5th.  It  has  never  had  a  national  bee- 


keepers' meeting,  although  nearly  an 
of  the  important  cities  about  it  have 
been  thus  favored,  some  of  them  even 
having  three  or  more  conventions 
apiece,  Chicago,  Indianapolis,  Cincin- 
nati, Lexington,  Lincoln,  and  even  St. 
Joseph  ("which  is  in  the  state  of  Miz- 
zouray").  New  Orleans  and  also  At- 
lanta have  each  had  a  bee-keepers' 
convention,  which  was,  in  each  case, 
intended  to  be  national  or  international 
in  scope,  and  besides  numbers  of  bee- 
keepers from  the  ad.iacent  region,  they 
did  attract  some  also  from  the  North. 

Gth.  Accommodations  of  the  right 
sort  for  holding  a  convention  in  St. 
Louis  can  efisily  be  secured  through 
proper  application  in  time  and  a  defi- 
nite fixing  of  the  date  of  the  meetinjir 
long  enough  beforehand. 

7th.  Dozens  of  suggestions  present 
themselves  to  tlve  mind  of  anyone  at 
once  as  to  the  lines  and  oi)portunitie,s 
which  will  be  afforded  to  make  a 
creditable  showing  for  the  industry, 
and  of  the  scope  of  tlie  work  of  the 
national  society  which  represents  it  in 
this  country.  And  these  will  be  mani- 
festly greater  in  connection  with  such 
an  exhibition  of  apiarian  products 
and  implements  as  might  be  made  at 
the  St.  Louis  Exposition,  than  would 
be  the  case  were  Cincinnati.  San  An- 
tonio  or  Salt  Lake  City  selected. 

When  the  great  Louisiana  purchase 
Exposition  has  passed,  I  shall  be 
luartily  in  favor  of  holding  a  meeting 
in  Texas,  a  a  or»e  in  Utah.  In  this 
connection  it  mav  be  of  interest  to 
know  where  the  thirty-four  conven- 
tions have  been  held.  Indianapolis 
lias  had  3:  Cleveland,  Louisville.  Pitts- 
burg and  Toledo.  1  each;  Philadelphia 
and    New    York,    2    each:    Chicago,   4; 


88 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


May, 


Cincinnati,  2;  Lexington,  1;  Toronto, 
2;  Rochester,  Detroit,  Columbus, 
Brantford,  Keokuk,  Albany,  Washing- 
ton, St.  Joseph  and  Lincoln,  1  each; 
Buffalo,  2;  Omaha,  Denver  and  Los 
Angeles,  1  each. 

U.     S.     Department     of     Agriculture, 
Washington,    D.  C,  January,   1904. 


AN    OBSERVATION   HIVE. 


By  D.  D.  Alley. 

I  AM  a  beginner  in  bee-keeping.  I 
have  two  eight-"L"  frame  hives  in 
my  back  garden  and  an  observa- 
tion hive  in  my  dining  room  vrindow. 
I  keep  them  more  for  the  pleasure  af- 
forded in  studying  their  habits  than 
for  the  amount  of  honey  produced. 

Yonkers  is  a  city  of  over  50,000  in- 
habitants and  is  practically  an  over- 
flow from  the  gi-eat  city  of  New  York, 
south  of  it.  The  lawns  are  kept  mow- 
ed as  close  as  the  beard  on  a  monk's 
face.  White  clover  blossoms  are  as 
scarce  as  snowflakes  are  in  Florida. 
In  spite  of  the  lack  of  pasturage,  my 
bees  managed  fo  fill  the  sections  with 
some  of  the  finest  honey  I  have  ever 
eaten. 

My  observation  hive  has  been  a 
source  of  great  pleasure  and  profit- 
able study  to  myself  and  friends,  one 
of  whom  has  facetiously  referred  to 
it  as  "Alley's  Bug  House!"  It  was 
constructed  to  hold  two  fninics  "' 
size.  On  the  1st  of  July,  I  placed  in  it 
one  frame  of  bees  witli  a  queen  and 
one  frame  with  a  starter  only.  In  a 
short  time  this  frame  was  filled  with 
comb  and  brood.  In  the  meantime, 
brood  from  the  old  frame  had  hatched 
out  and  by  the  first  of  August  the 
littlf'  hive  was  packed  with  bees.  I 
wrote  to  the  editor  of  a  prominent  bee 
journal,  explaining  the  conditions  and 
asking  for  advice  to  relieve  the  crowd- 
ing, as  I  did  not  want  to  lose  the  bees. 
He  sugtrested  that  I  "remove  a  frame 
of  brood  and  replace  it  with  one  emp- 
ty conili."  adding,  "We  snpnose.  of 
course,  that  you  are  keeping  this  hive 
for  pleasure  and  pronalily  do  not  in- 
tend to  winter  them.  "This  advice 
would  be  all  right  if  1  luid  a  large  ap- 
iary; l)ut.  i)ractieally.  it  meant  in  my 
case  to  throw  away  the  V)ees,  and  I  did 
intend  to  try  aiid  winter  them  over. 

I  immediately  set  to  work  .-imi   co' - 
structed    a    new   hive,      the     walls   of 


which  were  in  the  for  mof  two  L's, 
the  front  and  right  side  being  station 
ary.  The  left  side  witn  the  back  can 
be  shoved  in  and  out  on  the  bottom 
board,  and  it  is  held  in  place  by  two 
iron  14  inch  rods  passing  through  the 
upper  edge  of  the  sides.  These  rods 
also  act  as  supports  for  the  frames. 
This  hive  may  be  contracted  to  one 
frame  or  expanded  to  hold  a  dozen  or 
more.  I  have  successfully  prevented 
the  propolizing  of  the  movable  side,  by 
rubbing  over  the  edges  with  sculptor's 
"plasteriue,"  a  substance  used  by 
sculptors  for  modeling,  in  place  of 
clay.  It  never  gets  hard,  it  is  water- 
proof and  seems  to  be  a  combination 
of  beeswax  and  powdered  sulphur. 
Perhaps  the  bees  do  not  like  the  sul- 
phur and  so  leave  it  alone.  I  trans- 
ferred the  bees  to  this  new  hive,  ex- 
panding it  and  adding  a  new  frame 
with  starter  from  time  to  time.  It 
now  contains  six  frames  and  the  bees 
have  every  prospect  of  wintering  suc- 
cessfully. I  inclose  a  photograph 
showing  the  hive  in  position. 
Yonkers,   New  York,   Nov.   11,   1903. 


OUR    CALIFORNIA    LETTER. 


Things  Apiarian  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 


By  Heni*y  E.  Horn. 

AFTER  basking  and  roasting  in  al- 
most uninterrupted  sunshine  for 
over  six  months.  Southern  Cali- 
fornia has  once  more  experienced  the 
blessings  of  rain.  True,  we  did  not  get 
much,  yet  we  are  thankful  now 
for  anything,  and  there  is  some  pros- 
pect for  more  later  on.  The  farmers 
say  it  is  too  late  now  to  raise  grain  and 
they  expect  to  cut  the  stuff  for  hay. 
Of  coiirse,  bee-keeping  is  looking  up 
some.  It  would  not  take  much  rain, 
now,  to  give  us  some  kind  of  a  crop. 
One  good  soaking  of  two  or  three 
inches  would  gladden  the  heart  of 
many  an  apiculturist.  Bee-keeping 
here  has  not  been  the  unintermittent 
success  people  at  distant  places  seem 
to  think.  Indeed,  to  be  honest  about  it, 
it  has  rather  been  an  intermittent 
failure  for  the  last  six  years — intermit- 
tant  to  the  extent  of  just  one  middling 
good  success,  and  one  lesser  one.  Last 
year  was  the  most  tantalizing  season 
I  have  ever  gone  through.  Not  want 
of  rain;  drv  winds  and  burning  sun 


"ALLEY'S    BUG    HOUSE. 


IK) 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


May, 


spoiled  our  hopes  that  time.  To  that 
we  are  getting  used;  but  misty  nights, 
cold  sea-fogs,  and  raw  breezes,  and  all 
the  time  the  hill  slopes  abloom  with 
sages,  the  undulating  background  car- 
peted with  yellow  and  blue  and  pur- 
ple and  white;  every  colony  in  prime 
shape  and  strength  for  harvest  work, 
but  unable  to  go  out.  When  there  is 
no  bloom  the  weather  Ts  as  fine  as  one 
could  imagine,  and  when  we  have 
bloom  in  superabundance  the  weather 
is  as  bad  as  can  be — wouldn't  that  jab 
you?    Well,  it  did  me. 

The  bees  have  come  through  our  so- 
called  winter  all  right,  and  are  in  good 
condition  everywhere.  There  is  con- 
siderable brood-rearing  going  on,  but 
pollen  is  yet  scarce,  as  is,  also,  new 
honey.  The  willows,  eucalyptus, 
almonds  and  early  peaches  furnish 
about  all  there  is.  In  many  places  a 
judicious  feeding  of  rye-meal  would 
probably  assist  towards  more  exten- 
sive brood  production.  In  about  three 
or  four  weeks  more  the  orange  bloom 
will  set  in  and,  as  it  lasts  about  four 
weeks  in  good  weather,  strong  col- 
onies, well  managed,  and  almost,  if 
not  altogether,  house  an  average 
honey  crop.  Of  course,  that  is  tiiie 
only  of  those  running  for  extract.  The 
comb  honey  producers  have  too  much 
swarming  to  contend  with  and  conse- 
quent scattering  of  forces  to  get  much 
orange  honey.  But  if  one  has  a  super 
full  of  partly  drawn  comb  from  last 
year,  all  nicely  cleaned,  and  the  comb- 
faces  pared  off  a  quarter  inch,  one  can 
do  pretty  well,  too,  with  comb  honey. 
But  the  faces  must  be  pared  or  sliced 
ofF,  else  tlie  cappings  will  show  dark, 
no  matter  how  clear  the  honey  may 
be. 

A  Pasadena  millionaire  seems  to 
think  that  there  is  lots  of  money  to 
l)e  made  in  apiculture  yet.  for  he  has 
lately  bought  up  all  available  apiaries 
in  this  neighborhood— some  thousand 
colonies.  And  the  repoi't  is  that  xie 
has  bought  up  all  he  could  get  in  other 
places  in  South  Calif ornTa  as  well.  The 
prices  paid  for  average  stock  is  said 
to  have  been  about  three  dollars. 
Some  bee  men  seem  to  think  that 
honey  production  cannot  be  brought 
under  the  dominion  of  the  modern 
spii-it  of  capitalization,  hence  this  mil- 
lionaire's experiment  will  ve  watched 
with  interest. 

An   aggravating  case  of  foul  brood 


infection  happened  in  East  Rivex'side. 
A  well  known  apiarist  sold  his  apiary, 
and  then  started  afresh  with  a  few 
colonies  to  raise  up  another — a  model 
apiary.  For  that  purpose  he  bought 
new  dove-tailed  hives,  new  frames, 
new  fixtures  generally;  then  he  put 
bees  into  them,  and  then  he  imported 
directly  from  their  home  the  best  pure 
Itiilian  queens.  So  far  all  went  well. 
But  one  day,  some  time  later,  he  no- 
ticed, in  looking  through  a  colony  some 
cells  showing  up  wrong.  He  went  to 
the  next  hive,  and  to  the  next;  and 
everywhere  he  found  the  same  wrong- 
looking  cells,  the  coffee-brown,  sticky, 
ropey  stuff  where  a  young  bee  ought 
to  be.  Looking  around  among  his 
neighbors  for  possible  causes,  he  came 
upon  one,  also  calling  himself  a  bee- 
man,  who  had  cut  foul-brooded  combs 
out  of  their  frames  and  dumped  the 
cornipted  mass  behind  a  bush  in  the 
open,  where  thousands  of  bees  fed  on 
it.  That  also-beeman  has  no  use  for 
bee  papers,  but  he  was  persuaded  in 
short  order  to  subscribe  to  constable 
papers. 

Riverside,  Cal.,  March  9,  1904. 

LATER. 

THE  weather  has  been  rather 
favorable  with  us  this  past 
month.  We  have  had  consider- 
able rain,  warm  days  between,  and 
no  cold  nights  or  frosty  mornings.  The 
orange  bloom  is  settmg  in  well,  the 
sage  is  growing  fast,  the  hill  slopes 
are  becoming  fresh  green,  balmy  air 
is  all  around,  a  mild  sun  overhead.  A 
little  longer  and  ours  will  again  be  a 
land  of  rare  beauty  and  of  pure  de- 
light. Farther  up  the  coast,  especially 
in  Ventura  County,  Avhere  live  and 
operate  our  apiarian  captains,  Men- 
delson,  Mclntire,  et  al.  the  precipita- 
tion to  date  has  been  sufficieui  to  pro-^ 
duce  at  least  an  average  crop  of  this 
world's  best  sweets,  provided,  of 
course,  that  the  weather  clerk  sends 
along,  some  time  later,  a  spring 
shower  or  two.  Farther  up  still,  in 
the  central  and  northern  counties,  peo- 
ple were  praying  for  sunshine  about ^ 
the  same  time  that  Los  Angeles 
preachers  i)etitioned  heaven  for  rain — 
and  with  about  as  much  success.  They 
have  been  having  old  times  again  up 
there;  torrents  of  rain,  rushing  rivers, 
flooded  lawlands,  and  no  end  in  sight, 
But  the   climax  has  been  reached  in 


1904. 


rHE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPEU. 


91 


the  high  Sierras,  suow-clad  summer 
and  winter,  the  batUe  ground  of  the 
primeval  elements  ever  since  the  ice 
age  retreated  polevi^ard.  Snow  Irwenty 
to  eighty  feet  deep.  Canons  leveled 
brimful  overnight,  whole  towns  laid 
away  in  nature's  own  funeral  shroud 
till  spring  and  resurrection.  They  say 
that  apiculture  up  there,  or  along  the 
higher  slopes,  is  wonderfully  produc- 
tive, that  tile  honey  flow  lasts  all  sum- 
mer through,  and  is  as  certain  as  nat- 
ural law.  But  bees  cannot  live  there 
in  winter,  with  forty  feet  of  snow 
piled  on  top  of  them,  or  exposed  to  the 
terrific  blasts  of  the  -winter  storms.  A 
few  venturesome  men  move  apiaries 
up  from  the  foothills  most  every  spring 
or  early  summer,  and  return  in  the 
fall  loaded  to  the  guards  with  honey, 
wax  and  increase.  But  moving  api- 
aries hundreds  of  miles  every  year  is 
not  everybody's  business,  and  they 
say  that  there  ^  is  yet  considerable 
room  up  in  the  California  Alps  for  api- 
arists of  the  strenuous  type. 

On  the  whole  then,  the  prospects  for 
a  crop  of  honey  are  rather  good  at 
present  in  this  State. 

ONE  FOR  DICKEL. 
At  the  first  spring  overhauling  of 
my  apiary,  about  six  weeks  ago,  1 
came  to  a  colony  that  had  become 
queenless  for  some  reason  or  other. 
Ordinarily  it  is  best  to  unite  such  a 
one  with  another  queenright  colony. 
But  this  was  pretty  strong,  able  to 
raise  a  queen  and  make  honey  besides, 
when  the  time  would  come.  So  they 
were  given  a  frame  of  brood  and  shut 
up — and  forgotten.  On  examination 
a  little  less  than  three  weelvs  later  a 
young  virgin  was  found,  a  lot  of  de- 
stroyed queen  cells,  all  the  rest  of  the 
brood  either  hatched  or  capped  over, 
but  near  the  center  o  fthe  comb  a 
worker  cell — just  one — was  sealed  over 
round,  raised  up.  There  was  a  drone 
in  that  cell  without  the  least  doubt. 
There  was  no  intention  at  that  time 
of  testing  the  Dickel  theory;  it  flashed 
into  my  mind  only  when  I  looked  at 
tliat  raised  cell.  They  say  that  mira- 
cles do  not  happen  any  more;  that  is: 
because  the  beholder's  eyes  are  veiled. 
That  incomprehensible,  eccentric,  ut- 
most methodical  busybody,  the  worl^er 
bee,  able  to  convert  an  ordinary  bee 
egg  into  either  a  perfect  male,  a  per- 
fect female,  or  a  sexless  worker,  as  it 


sees  fit, — isn't  that  a  miracle  of  the 
very  first  order?  Does  that  happen 
again  in  the  whole  wide  domain  of 
nature? 

Weissman  has  been  reported  as  de- 
nying the  correctness  of  the  Dickel 
theory.  Weissman  is  an  authority  on 
biology,  ranking  very  high.  I  wonder 
what  he  would  make  of  that  little 
round-capped  cell  of  mine  out  in  Pig- 
eon Pass  Canon.  As  I  now  remember, 
this  same  thing  has  happened  to  n:i 
before,  but  I  never  knew  its  meaning 
or  importance. 
REFUSE  BEET  SUGAR  FOR  BEES. 

There  was  mailed  to  me  by  a  near- 
by sugar  mill  a  circular  advising  me 
to  buy  some  of  their  lumpy  leftover 
beet  sugar  for  bee  feed.  There  .s,  of 
course,  nothing  unusual  in  that.  But 
at  the  bottom  of  the  leaflet  there  ap- 
pears an  indorsement,  signed  by  H. 
J.  Mercer,  secretary  California  N.  H. 
P.  A.,  recommending  said  lumpy  beet 
sugar  as  being  healthier  as  well  as 
cheaper  to  feed  than  honey,  with  no 
danger  of  foul  brood  from  its  use,  at 
which  this  humble  scril^e  has  wonder- 
ed a  gi'eat  deal.  "Healtliier"  than 
honey,  the  bees'  very  own  special  food, 
lumpy  beet  sugar?  If  sugar  is  health- 
ier than  honey,  honey  must  be  lens 
healthy  than  sugar.  The  only  thing 
that  would  or  could  make  honey  less 
healthy  than  sugar  is  the  possibility  of 
its  carrying  the  spores  of  the  foul 
brood  disease.  Mr.  Mercer  does  not 
say  why.  But  he  later  on  expressly 
mentions  sugar  as  dangerless  with  re- 
gard to  foul  brood,  thus  leaving  the 
impression  behind  that  the  iloney  in 
the  marlvet  is  veiy  likely  largely  foul- 
brood-spore  infected  goods,  and  hence 
not  good  for  bee  feed,  nor,  by  impli- 
cation, for  man  food,  either.  But  foul- 
broody  colonies  are  not  productive,  and 
therefore  furnish  no  honey  for  the 
market,  and  this  Mr.  ]\Iercer  must 
know.  "No  danger  of  foul  bi-ood  from 
its  use" — directly,  no,  but  indirectly, 
sugar  may  become  a  very  strong  fac- 
tor in  the  taking  of  the  disease.  In 
years  gone  by  Europeans  practiced  ex- 
tracting honev  to  the  last  dron.  and 
feeding  up  with  sugar  instead.  Honey 
sold  ff)r  twice  the  price  of  sugar,  thus 
making  that  .svstem  of  robbery  seem 
a  proifital)le  one.  But  close  observers 
found  that  sugar-fed  colonics  soon 
lacked  the  vim  and  Vigor  of  those  fed 
on    honey,    and    that    they,    moreover, 


92 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


May, 


and  for  that  reason,  were  much  more 
liable  to  foul  broo-d  infection.  The 
albumenoids  of  the  honey,  vitally  nec- 
essary to  bee  life,  are  not  found  in  su- 
gar. Besides  sugar  is  not  directly  food 
tor  bees  anyway.  Only  after  its  chem- 
ical inversion  does  it  become  so,  but 
that  act  requires  the  expenditure  of 
vital  energy  on  the  part  of  the  work- 
ers^ and  hence  reduces  rather  than 
adds  to  their  store  of  it.  Nor  is  sugar 
cneaper.  At  five  cents  a  pound  its 
price,  less  freight,  is  just  level  with 
that  of  honey,  the  only  true  bee  feed 
in  existence. 

It  may  be  stated  witnout  the  addi- 
tion of  anr  extr;i  s;i.r("isiii  that  :Mr. 
Mercer  is  a  bee  man  and  an  officer  of 
an  organization  worlcing  for  "ihe  sole 
piiriKisc  of  extending  tiie  honey  mar- 
ket and  of  maintaining  a  good  price 
for  it! 

Mr.  Fletcher,  of  Pasadena,  the  man 
wl'o  li;is  \:v"-\  bnyinti'  U))  ;M)i:iries 
wholesale  in  Southern  California  for 
the  last  six  months,  now  owns  twelve 
thousand  colonies,  scattered  over  ,six 
counties.  He  will  probably  not  bor- 
row any  trouble  from  anybody  for 
some  time  to  come. 

Riverside,   Cal.,  April  8,   19u4. 


HIVE  CONSTRUCTION,  ETC. 

A  Very  Inte'-esting  Letter  Addressed  to  the  "Irish 
Bee  Journal."  by  a  Venerable  Expert.  Thoroughly 
Familiar  with  Apiculture  on  Both  Sides  of  the 
Sea. 


By  Dr.  W.  A.  Smyth. 

THE  large  number  of  bee-keepers 
at  home  and  abroad,  who  have 
1 — ^„    in+,-v,.cwefQf1       in     Ttr        Smvtb's 


been  interested  in  Dr.  Smyth's 
scientific  articles  will  be  pleased  to 
have  a  picture  of  the  doctor  in  his  api- 
ary. Our  desire  was  to  publish  an  "in- 
terview" but  circumstances  having  ren- 
dered it  impossible  at  present  to  ac- 
cept a  very  cordial  invitation  to  Done- 
niana.  Dr.  Smyth  has  been  good  enough 
to  supply  the  following  letter  to  ac- 
company the  illustration.  We  hope  on 
a  future  occasion  to  supply  our  read- 
ers with  notes  of  a  visit  to  Donemana, 
and  of  an  inspection  of  tne  wonderful 
microscope  and  scientific  curiosities* 
there.  Dr.  Smyth  has  been  a  fast 
friend  of  the  Irish  Bee  .Tournal.  and  a 
most  valued  contributor  to  our  col- 
umns.    His  articles  have  been  re-pub- 


lished in  the  foreign  bee  papers,  and 
have  attracted  the  attention  of  some 
of  the  foremost  bee-keepers  of  the  day. 
We  are  deeply  indebted  to  him  for 
much  of  the  remarkable  success  which 
has  attended  the  effort  to  produce 
here  a  bee  joui-nal  worthy  of  the  sub- 
ject to  which  it  is  devoted,  and  of  the 
eounti-y  of  its  birth.  Dr.  Smyth  writes: 
"A  photogi-apher  from  Derry,  nine 
miles  distant  by  cycling  road,  and  five 
in  a  bee-line,  happened  to  call  one 
evening  seeking  a  chance  to  practice 
his  art,  and  hence  this  picture. 

"From  boyhood  1  have  been  inter- 
ested in  bees,  but  I  never  kept  any  un- 
til after  reading  Langstroth's  work — 
it  might  be  called  a  poem— on  the 
honey  bee.  I  spent  a  day  with  Lang- 
stroth  at  Oxford,  Ohio,  in  1867,  and 
the  same  year  he  sent  me  to  New  Or- 
leans, a  dozen  of  his  hives,  and  half 
a  dozen  Italian  qupens.  The  Italian 
bees,  as  a  rule,  were  very  gentle,  but 
all  colonies  were  not  alike  in  disposU 
tion  or  color.  Lanstroth  told  me  that  he 
thought  the  Italian  bees  were  a  hy- 
brid race,  as  their  shape,  markings, 
and  disposition  were  not  at  all  fixed 
or  uniform. 

"1  lost  most  of  the  queens  from  dis- 
e:ise  which  I  attributed  at  the  time  to 
excessive  manipulation.  I  frequently 
took  out  the  comb  with  the 
queen  on  it.  without  using  any 
smoke,  and  the  queen  would 
continue  laying  eggs  in  the  cells  with- 
out being  in  the  least  disconcerted 
by  exposure  to  the  light  or  by  num- 
bei-s  of  persons  around  her.  Foul- 
brood  is  common  in  Louisiana,  prob- 
ably owing  to  the  dampness  of  the 
climate,  but  for  some  i-cnsons  it  is  not 
so  infectious  or  disposed  to  spread  as 
it  is  in  Ireland. 

"I  never  attended  ciosely  to  super- 
ing  hives  so  as  to  get  much  honey.  My 
fi'iends  could  always  make  use  of  all 
the  honey  I  could  get  from  the  bees. 
I  have  liot  kept  bees  for  profit,  but 
from  an  interest  in  their  marvellous 
work  and  ceaseless  toil,  and  to  study 
their  wonderful  instincts  of  labor  and 
or.ganization,  and  their  surprising  in- 
telligence, which  Maeterlinck  has  so 
dwelt  upon  Avlthout  in  the  least  ex- 
aggerating it.  The  briefness  of  their 
life,  as  contrasted  with  the  object  and 
results  of  their  labor,  led  Maeterlinck, 
however,  to  ask  the  question:  'Why 
do  bees  want  to  live"* 


19()4. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPEK. 


93 


"May  it  not  be  that  all  living  cells 
struggle  and  fight  for  life,  the  hope  ol 
higher  things  and  better  days  as  a 
property  of  living  cells,  and  insepar- 
able from  them,  animates  all  life  from 
the  lowest  to  the  highest,  ana  is  real- 
ly what  Maeterlinclv  calls  the  'spirit 
of  the  hive'  ? 

"The  first  hive  in  the  picture  (five 
Langstroth  hives  on  the  left  not 
shown)  is  the  hive  exhibited  at  Cork, 
and  the  village  carpenter,  Taylor,  who 
made  it,  is  nearly  in  the  rear  of  it.  He 
has  distinguished  himself  as  the  first 
to  attempt  making  a  hygienic  hive; 
but  whether  he  thought  of  the  sweet 


improvement,  however,  on  the  hives 
of  1867.  The  fioor-board  is  fixed  to 
the  hive,  wnich  is  ob.1ectionable.  The 
iron  legs  were  made  so  that  weights 
could  be  placed  on  them  for  security 
against  storms.  The  legs  ai"e  half 
an  inch  from  the  sides  of  the  hive, 
The  inside  breadth  is  fourteen  inches, 
and  takes  nine  frames  at  one  and  a 
half  inch  spacing  or  ten  frames  at  one 
and  three-eighths  inch  spacing.  The 
bees  certainly  do  better  on 
the  ten  frames,  and  I  think 
Eangstroth  was  right  when  he 
concluded  that  one  and  three-eigths 
inches  is  the  best  allowance  for  combs 


DR.   SMITH'S  APIARY,  DONEMANA,  IRELAND. 


smiling  goddess  of  health  or  her  illus- 
trious father  Esculapius,  while  making 
it,   is   problematical. 

"The  second  hive  in  the  picture  is  a 
'combination  hive'  made  fiteen  yeai's 
ago  by  Fulton,  a  very  expert  carpen- 
ter and  bee  manipulator,  living  near 
Claudy,  Ala.  The  hive  takes  fourteen 
frames  and  a  divison  board.  It  is  a 
well-made  hive  that  has  many  advan- 
tages, and  only  one  fault.  It  is  not 
hygienic,  and  is  not  now  stocked  with 
bees.  The  next  is  the  Langstroth  hive, 
one  of  a  dozen  from  the  late  T.  G. 
Newman,  of  Chicago,  in  1895;  not  an 


in  the  brood  chamber.  The  two  stand- 
ing hives  are  of  simple  construction. 
One  of  them,  with  frames  across  the 
entrance,  has  double  walls  at  the 
sides;  the  other,  with  frame  ends  to 
entrance,  has  double  walls  front  and 
back. 

"In  hives  with  double  walls,  if  the 
inner  walls  should  happen  to  be  tight 
— and  the  bees  will  endeavor  to  make 
them  so — and  the  outer  walls  open  to 
some  extent,  allowing  circulation  of 
air,  the  double  walls  do  not  seem  to 
do  any  harm.  Some  bee-keepers  say 
that  their  bees  do  best  in  hives  with 


94 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


May, 


cracks  and  openings  in  the  walls.  The 
badly-built,  chinky  homes  of  the  poor 
are  often  more  hygienic  than  the  care- 
fully built  palaces  of  the  rich.  The 
open  au-  treatment  of  disease  consists, 
simply,  in  getting  the  patient  away 
from  the  microbes  growing  In  dead 
air  spaces.  There  are  ten  microbes 
growing  in  the  mouth  for  one  growing 
in  the  nose;  the  nose  is  better  venti- 
lated. 

"The  disease,  appendicitis,  arises 
from  a  dead  air  space  in  the  intestines, 
for  which  we  can  find  no  use,  and 
which  evolutionists  say  that  nature  in 
time  will  eradicate.  Is  it  not  now 
time  for  bee-keepers  to  eradicate  dead 
air  spaces  in  their  bee  hives,  as  a  hygi- 
enic measure?  Measures  belong  to 
man,  but  principles  and  time  belong 
to  Gk)d." 

Donemana,  Co.  Tyrone,  Irejand. 


FERMENTING   HONEY. 


Something  of  Its  Treatment  and  Culinary  Uses. 


By  Mrs.  S.  A.  Smith. 

IN  the  December  issue  of  the  Ameri- 
can Bee-Keeper  I  see  that  Mr.  G.  A. 
Nunez,  of  Honduras,  asks  about 
fermenting  honey. 

From  what  he  writes,  I  think  as 
you  do,  that  the  trouble  is  caused  by 
some  member  of  the  palm  family.  Per- 
haps .iust  enough  honey  is  gathered 
from  it  to  cause  fermentation  ^■^hen 
mixed  with  honey  from  another 
source. 

We  have  always  had  Just  the  same 
trouble  with  honey  from  the  cabbage 
palmetto  ti-ee.  While  saw  palmetto 
honey  is  cured  and  ready  to  extract 
almost  as  soon  as  stored,  the  honey 
from  cabbage  palmetto  is  never  cured 
in  the  hive.  I  have  left  it  in  the  hive 
a  year,  and  at  the  end  it  was  no  bet- 
ter than  in  the  beginning,  fou  can 
see  the  honey  in  the  cells  work  just 
like  yeast. 

The  way  we  treat  such  honey  is  to 
place  it  on  the  ffre  and  slowly  heat, 
and  keep  it  hot  at  least  six  hours.  We 
never  got  it  so  hot  that  it  would  boil, 
and  I  think  you  could  place  your  hand 
in  it  without  burning.  A  scum  w'd 
rise,  which  we  remove.  After  this 
treatment  we  have  no  more  trouble. 
The  flavor  of  the  honey  is  very  much 
improved.     Before  heating   it  has   an 


acid  taste;  after  heating  it  has  a  car- 
amel  flavor. 

(^ne  customer,  who  used  five  gal- 
lons of  honey  a  year,  would  take  that 
kind  every  time  he  could  get  it.  But 
for  baking  I  always  keep  a  supply  un- 
cooked,  for  the  acid  is  just  what  is 
needed. 

I  make  all  fruit  cakes  and  plum 
puddings  from  it,  and  everyone  who 
eats  them  Is  sure  to  ask  how  they  are 
made,  and  of  what.  I  always  use 
soda  instead  of  baking  powder,  and  as 
honey  cake  must  be  baked  slow,  that 
is  much  better,  becuse  it  is  slower  to 
fall  than   the  baking  powder. 

The  acid  and  soda  make  a  complete 
raising  combination  and  is  yery  much 
ahead  of  baking  powder,  and  is  ver> 
cheap,  too. 

The  cakes  and  puddings  made  frora 
this  honey  would  keep  for  months, 
and  improve  every  day.  The  only 
trouble  I  ever  had  was  that  the  rest 
of  the  family  would  not  agree  with  me 
about  keeping  them,  and  for  once 
their  motto  was,  "Never  put  off  until 
tomorrow  what  you  can  do  today." 
Their  idea  is  to  consume  that  which  is 
good  and  keep  that  which  is  not. 

At  our  neighborhood  parties  and  pic- 
nics where  cake  is  needed.  I  am  al- 
ways asked,  "Will  you  please  bring  a 
honey  cake?"  I  -Vv^ish  the  whole  pub- 
lic was  educated  to  its  use.  If  they 
were,  there  would  be  a  good  market 
for  all  we  could  produce.  For  bakers' 
use,  it  would  be  the  cheapest  and  best 
of  any  honey,  for  no  cream  of  tartar 
would  be  needed  in  using  it,  and  that 
is  the  most  costly  part  of  baking  pow- 
der. 

Mr.  H.  C.  Gifford,  of  Vero.  Fla.,  told 
me  that  his  plan  of  disposing  of  such 
honey  was  to  keep  it  untiT  cold  weath- 
er, when  it  would  eandy  and  would 
sell  for  as  much  in  the  open  market  in 
the  north  as  our  best  saw  palmetto 
honey. 

Another  Florida  bee-keeper  told  me 
he  had  an  awful  time  with  it,  on  ac- 
count of  its  bursting  the  barrels. 

I  wish  everyone  knew  the  worth  of 
honey  for  cooking.  The  cost  per 
pound  may  be  more  than  sugar,  but  it 
is  nevertheless  cheaper  to  use  in  mak- 
ing cake,  because  cheaper  fats  and 
less  eggs  may  be  used  than  when  su- 
gar is,  and  what  is  more,  the  cake  or 
pudding  may  be  eaten  without  harm 
by  those  with  the  weakest  stomachs, 


v.xu. 


'^HE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


J);") 


and  they  seem  to  be     complete  food. 

Where  there  are  children,  nothing 
could  be  better.  They  like  and  need 
sweets,  and  if  you  add  good  milk  to 
the  bill  of  fare,  you  will  have  one  no 
child  will  ever  find  fault  with. 

If  less  sawdust  and  straw,  under 
the  name  of  "breakfast  foods,"  were 
used,  and  more  honey  cakes  made  and 
consumed  in  their  place,  there  would 
be  less  sickness  and  weak  stomachs 
than  at  present. 

Grant,  Fla.,  Jan.  10,  1904. 


GENERAL  NOTES. 

By  C.   S.   Harris. 


CYPRIANS  ARE  VICIOUS. 

By  Dr.  O.  M.  Blantou. 

IN  THE  MARCH  number  of  the  Am- 
erican Bee-Keeper  i  find  an  ar- 
ticle by  Mil  Arthur  C.  Miller  in  re- 
gard to  the  nature  of  the  Cyprian  bee, 
in  which  he  seems  to  infer  that  it  is 
my  bad  management  of  the  smoker  in- 
stead of  the  ill-temper  of  the  bees  that 
causes  the  trouble. 

With  thirty  yeai's'  experience  as  an 
apiculturist  I  have  learned  the  abuse 
of  the  smoker  and  avoid  using  it  as 
much  as  possible. 

How  is  it,  that  after  going  through 
fifteen  black  a,nd  one  Carnio-Cyprian 
colony  without  a  sting,  I  should  be  at- 
tacked by  almost  the  entire  Cyprian 
colony  and  repeated  day  by  day  three 
consecutive  times?  Not  only  that,  but 
a  week  after,  when  passing  the  hive, 
they  would  rush  out  at  me. 

Knowing  the  trouble  I  would  prob- 
ably have  I  reloaded  my  smoker  and 
pusned  a  few  rags  over  the  wood  and 
gave  tuem  the  gentle  puu  of  smoke, 
but  as  soon  as  I  attempted  to  remove 
a  comb  they  rushed  by  thousands  at 
me. 

I  next  day  tried  tobacco  wrapped 
in  rags,  with  the  same  result,  proceed- 
ing with  the   greatest  care. 

As  a  dernier  resort  I  used  sulphur, 
which  subdued  them  until  I  could  re- 
move the  surplus  honey.  This  all  oc- 
curred when  there  was  a  large  flow  of 
honey  on.  There  never  was  a  time  I 
used  more  caution. 

Mr.  Miller's  strain  of  bees  must  be 
quite  different  from  mine.  I  have  the 
experience  of  Mr.  A.  I.  Root  to  tally 
with  mine  and  it  is  useless  to  claim  for 
the  Cyprians  gentleness,  because  he 
has  a  comparatively  gentle  colony. 
Greenville.  Miss..  :Miirch  12.  1904. 


BEES  MOVING  EGGS. 
I  think  that  W.  W.  McNeal  is  right 
in  supposing  that  the  eggs  were  car- 
ried by  the  bees  from  the  brood  nest 
to  the  super,  through  queen-excluding 
metal.  I  had  an  experience  some 
years  ago  which  convinced  me  that 
bees  do  move  eggs.  See  A.  B.-K.  for 
October.  » 

"IMPROVED    QUEEN    REARING" 

Mr.  Geo.  W.  Phillips'  review  of  Mr. 
Alley's  book,  in  Gleanings  for  Novem- 
ber 15th,  and  his  criticisms  of  the 
methods  of  Queen-rearing  there  given 
appears  to  me  both  very  good  and  very 
fair.  While,  undoubtedly  good  (lueens 
can  be  reared  by  Mr.  Alley's  methods, 
they  are  too  "puttering"  and  "fussy'' 
for  the  average  man,  particularly 
when  at  least  just  as  good  queens  can 
be  reared  by  much  more  simple  meth- 
ods. 

BALL  OP  BEES  WITH  QUEEN. 

Again  I  find  myself  with  Dr.  Miller, 
and  arrayed  against  Editor  E.  R.  Root, 
in  the  matter  of  a  ball  of  bees  being 
found  about  a  clipped  queen  on  the 
ground  at  swarming  time.  It  is  sel- 
dom, in  my  experience,  that  a  clipped 
queen  mv  '  >  return  to  the  hire 

and  unless  I  am  present  at  the  time 
of  swarming,  I  generally  lose  the 
queen,  sometimes  finding  her  dead 
near  the  hive.  Occasionally  I  have 
found  a  small  cluster  of  bees  with  the 
queen,  biit  usually  she  is  entirely  un- 
accompanied. Certainly  not  once  in 
a  dozen  times  do  I  find  a  bee  with  her. 
FRAME  SPACING. 

The  discussion  upon  this  subject  has 
always  been  a  puzzle  to  me.  I  use  a~ 
loose  hanging  frame  and  it  seems  sec- 
ond nature  to  space  it  properly.  I  have 
no  trouble  with  bulged  or  badly  built 
combs.  I  sui»pose  if  one  had  to  have 
incompetent  or  careless  help  thei'e 
might  be  trouble  in  this  respect.  Pro- 
polis is  very  bad  with  me  and  I  simply 
could  not  use  the  seemingly  popular 
self -spacing  frames  with  any  comfort, 
and  I  have  yet  to  see  any  self-spacing 
frame  which  eipials  the  lose  hanging 
frame  for  general  use. 

MOSQUITO  HAWKS. 

In  the  October  issue  of  Gleanings 
Mr.  H.  F.  Stafford  asks  a  question 
in  regard  to  mosquito  hawks,  and  the 
editor  calls  on  his  Southern  subscrib- 


9« 


THE     AMKHICAX    BEiC-KKEPEU. 


Maj\ 


ers  for  help  in  the  uiMtter.  I  h;ive  been 
watching  for  something  on  the  suhjeet, 
but  so  far  have  not  seen  anything.  1 
am  satisfied  that  at  times  I  ]o,se  (jueens 
at  tlie  mating  period,  in  considerable 
numbers,  by  the  attacks  of  these  in- 
sects. Fortunately  it  is  the  general 
habit  of  the  moscpiito  hawks  in  this 
locality  to  fly  only  iu  the  early  morn- 
ing and  evening  and  on  dull  or  cloudy 
days,  and  this  is  a  partial  safe-guard. 
but  occasionally  they  will  be  about 
in  hundreds.  I  might  almost  say  thou- 
sands, upon  days  which  the  queens 
find  good  enough  for  Hight.  and  at 
such  times  my  i)ercentage  of  loss  is 
always  heavy.  It  is  true  I  have  never 
seen  a  queen  taken  by  one  of  these 
hawks,  but  I  have  had  workers  snap- 
ped from  my  hands  and  have  caught 
the  robber  with  the  bee  fast  in  its 
jaws. 

These  moii(iuito  hawks  ari'  always 
numerous  during  the  season  of  bay 
bloom  and  I  have  sometimes  doubted 
if  the  nectar  secured  from  it  compen- 
sated for  the  accompanying  loss  of 
bees.  Bay  bloom  does  not  open  until 
late  in  the  afternoon,  unless  the  day 
be  cloudy,  and  then  the  whirring  of 
wings  and  snapiiing  of  the  powerful 
jaws  of  these  air  pirates  in  the  apiary 
is  to  me  a  very  distressing  sound.  I 
have  never  found  any  way  of  combat- 
ting them. 

Holly  Hill,   Fla.,  Nov.  26,  1903. 


NEW  INVENTIONS. 

747.0.3.").  Comb  Foundation  for  Bee- 
hives. Hugo  A.  Feldmann,  Holyoke, 
Mass.  Filed  April  27.  1!)03.  Serial 
No.   1. ■"14,472. 

Claim. — A  comb  foundation  for  bee- 
hives consisting  of  a  wa.x  cellular 
comb-sheet  of  rectangular  form  and  a 
fi'anie  having  witnm  one  end  member 


Writing  under  date  of  Ajiril  21st 
Mr.  D.  H.  Coggshall,  of  Groton,  N. 
Y.,  says:  "I  think  we  shall  lose  fully 
one-half  of  our  bees.  In  fact,  I 
think  one-half  are  dead  at  this  writ- 
ing, and  I  believe  it  will  be  so  all  over 
the  state." 


a  groove,  the  frame  having  grooves 
within  the  inner  faces  of  its  opposite 
side  members,  and  having  a  slot 
through  its  other  end  member  extend- 
ing from  near  one  end  to  the  other  of 
such  member,  the  end  portions  of 
which  .slot  match  with  the  grooves  in 
the  adjoining  side  members,  said 
comb-shfeet  having  marginal  support- 
ing engagements  in  said  grooves  and 

slot.      "    ' 

ONE  "BOY  ON  THE  FARM." 


Our  stall'  contributor,  Mr.  Adrian 
Getaz,  writing  April  22d.  tells  of  a 
disastrous  freeze  which  visited  this 
State  on  the  20th.  idtinio..  utterly 
freezing  young  iieaches  and  pears  al- 
ready formed,  and  also  the  apple 
bloom.  He  says  the  honey  cro])  ^y\]\ 
be  almost  a  failure  there. 


A  Youthful  Bee-keeper  of  the  Pine-Tree  State  Who 
is  an  Interested  Subscriber  to  The  Bee-Keeper. 


Whatever  may  be  the  extent  of  the 
honey  crop,  present  Indicajtions  are 
that  an   excellent  market  awaits  it. 


Can   you  use  a   few  sample  copies? 
We'll   be  pleased  to  send  them. 


By   Rev.  C.  M.  Herring. 

THE  mother  here  introduced— 
Mrs.  A.  F.  Cromwell — is  a  wid- 
ow, of  character  and  influence, 
whose  home  is  on  a  farm  in  a  rural 
district  in  the  town  of  Topsham,  Me. 
The  farm  is  quite  remote  from 
neiglibors,  partly  surrounded  by  for- 
ests, having  a  rich  and  jn-oductive  soil. 
It  is  a  home  of  beauty,  having  a  large 
supply  of  fruit  trees,  vines,  white  clo- 
ver, and  other  sources  in  which  is 
stoi-ed  the  iirecious  nectar  ,so  invint- 
ing  to  the  labors  of  the  bee,  while 
the  surrounding  forests  are  inter- 
.spersed  with  wild  berries,  motmtain 
ash,  and  basswood,  all  of  which  make 
the  farm  a  rich  one  for  the  production 
of  honey.  Besides,  there  is  one  other 
source  of  supply  which  Is  not  common. 


1!:K)4. 


rHE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


There  is  a  lily  pond  uear  at  hand, 
which  is  white  with  its  sweet  blos- 
soms, nearly  all  snnnner,  on  which  the 
bees  were  found  to  cluster  in  large 
numbers,  and  it  is  presumed  they 
gathered  honey  from   this  source. 

Such  Is  the  home  of  the  widow,  who 
has  a  little  son — Bernard  A.  Crom- 
well— 13  years  old,  who  has  an  inquir- 
ing mind,  of  quick  perception,  and  is 
a  child  of  promise.  Over  this  boy  the 
mother  watches  with  parental  care, 
iind  seeks  to  guide  his  opening  powers 
to  noble  ends.  Almost  any  sacrifice 
would  not  be  too  great  for  her  to 
make,  in  order  to  save  her  child  from 


ning  nil  aitinry.  IhT  mind,  and  that  of 
her  boy,  was  full  of  investigation,  and 
both  were  greatly  delighted  as  the 
work  went  on.  At  this  writing,  the 
result  of  the  summei''s  work  is  fully 
known. 

The  one  colony  purchased  last 
spring  has  increased  to  four,  and  the 
three  swarms  are  now  heavy  with 
their  stores  for  winter.  The  first 
,swarm  has  given  five  pounds  of  sur- 
plus honey;  and  the  old  mother  col- 
ony has  given  forty-hve  pounds,  worth 
twenty^five  cents  per  pound.  The 
three  swarms  are  worth  $12,  and  the 
fift.v  pounds  of  honey  are  worth  $12.50. 


MASTER    CROMWELL   AND    HIS    GOOD 
MOTHER. 


the  influence  of  bad  boys,  and  the  cor- 
rupting vices  of  the  city.  She  would 
like  it,  when  he  is  grown  up,  if  he 
would  be  inclined  to  cultivate  the  soil 
for  a  living  and  become  an  intelligent, 
honest  and  aggressive  farmer.  To  pro- 
mote such  a  result  she  would  pre- 
occupy his  mind  with  a  love  for  rural 
life  in  his  early  days.  She  would 
encourage  in  him  the  possesion  of  a 
little  patch  of  ground  to  cultivate,  as 
his  own,  to  have  his  chickens,  his  pet 
lamb,  his  "bossy,"  and  his  bees. 

With  such  wishes  and  ideas,  this 
mother  purchased  from  me  a  colony 
of  bees,  and  began  the  work  of  run 


The 


making   the   whole   gain   $24.50. 
outlays  amount  to  about  $9. 

The  lesson  here  found  is  worthy  the 
notice  of  evei-y  farmer  or  mother  who 
has  a  family  of  children.  For  all,  the 
honey  is  a  wholesome  luxury,  and  for 
the  children  it  is  vastly  better  than 
candy.  And  then,  the  intellectual  and 
moral  lessons  involved  are  most  stim- 
ulating and  elevating,  as  well  as  re- 
munerative in  dollars  and  cents. 

If  I  were  a  farmer  I  would  look 
after  my  harvest  of  honey  as  I  would 
my  havest  of  hay. 

Brunswick,  Me.,  Nov.  30,  1903. 


4»M4MMMMM»MM»M  -f  >-♦-♦-►<  4  »  ♦  ♦  m  ♦  ♦  ♦  ♦  ♦  ♦  ♦  ♦  ♦  ♦  ♦  ♦  ♦  M  ♦  ♦ 

T   . . ■ 1   ■"■ 


THE 


Bee -Keeping  World 


staff  Contributors  :     F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ. 

Contributions  to  this  Department  are  solicited  from  all  quarters  of  the  earth. 


^4I4»»»»»|HMMMM»M  ♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦»♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦» 

brick.  It  is  a  tenement  hive.  The 
partition  walls  are  of  unburned  brick 
and  wood,  and  the  cost  per  colony  is 
from  two  to  three  marks.  In  1881  at 
an  exhibition  a  hive  was  exhibited 
made  of  ground  cork  and  plaster  paris. 


ARGENTINA. 

The  Agricultar  Moderno  reports  a 
bee-keeper  in  the  Province  Ardoba,  of 
averaging  from  300  to  400  pounds  of 
honey  per  hive  each  year.  From  other 
parts  of  Argentina  It  has  been  report- 
ed to  the  gleaner  of  this  that  the  yields 
were  very  meagre  and  that  bee-keepers 
were  considering  the  advisability  of 
importing  the  Italian  bee,  hoping  by 
this  measure  to  increase  the  yields  per 
colony. 


This  hive  received  the  first  premium 
at  the  time,  but  has  not  come  into  gen- 
eral use. — Central  Blatt. 


The  winter  has  been  mild   in   Ger- 
many and  favorable  for  the  bees. 


HOLLAND. 
Rev.  Richard,  in  Amsterdam,  advo- 
cates to  locate  hive  enti-ances  in  the 
tops  of  hives,  instead  of  at  the  bottom. 
He  observed  a  great  difference  in  the 
yields  of  his  two  colonies  which  were 
of  uniform  strength,  one,  however, 
had  the  entrance  at  the  top  and  giving 
large  returns,  the  other  with  the  en- 
trance low  giving  small  returns.  When 
a  change  was  made  and  the  entrances  is 
were  given  at  the  top  in  both  hives, 
the  yield  after  that  remained  practical- 
ly uniform. 


IRELAND. 
An  Irish  Avriter  laments  that  more 
bees  are  not  kept  in  Ireland.  The  land 
jtroduces  now  but  700.000  pounds  of 
honey  and  could  be  made  to  produce  as 
much  as  40,000,000  pounds.  He  ad- 
vises his  Irish  brothers  not  to  emi- 
grate to  America,  but  to  stay  at  home 
and  go  into  bee-keeping. — Leipz   Bztg. 


GERMANY. 

The  manufacture  of  honey  is  de- 
scribed in  Praxis  der  Bzcht,  as  fol- 
lows: A  quantity  of  flour  is  brown- 
ed in  a  kettle.  According  to  the  kind 
of  honey  wanted,  the  flour  is  browned 
more  or  less.  Water  is  added  little  by 
little  and  the  mess  is  constantly  kept 
stirred.  When  of  the  right  consistency 
saccharine  and  honey  are  added  and 
also  some  essence.  The  mixture  is 
then  ready  to  be  put  up  in  tins. 
(Sounds  like  a  hoax.)  It  is  said  that 
the  makers  of  this  fine  honey  have  now 
established  a  plant  in  Chicago,  111. 


TUNIS. 

The  material  for  bee  hives  used  by 
the  Tunisians  is  very  inexpensive  and 
nothing  more  or  less  than  Mother 
Earth.  However,  the  soil  must  be  of 
a  certain  nature,  a  soft  porous  stone. 
Square  holes  are  cut  into  the  ground, 
80  cm.  long,  40  cm.  wide  and  30  cm. 
deep.  These  holes  are  cut  very  smooth. 
Bars  are  used  for  the  bees  to  fasten 
their  combs  to.  Each  cavity  is  covered 
with  sticks,  and  a  covering  of  earth. 
An  entrance  is  left  in  the  center  of 
each  hole.  About  50  such  hives  are  lo- 
cated together  under  one  roof.  The 
Tunisians  use  smoke  to  handle  their 
bees  and  do  not  protect  themselves 
against  stings  in  any  way. — Revue  In- 
ternationale L' Apiculture. 


H.  Bro<ltman,  in  Billerbeck,  had  had 
a  hive  patented  which  is     made     of 


SWITZERLAND. 

The  bee-keepers  in  Switzerland  are 
making  the  effort  to  preserve  the  pu- 
rity of  the  brown  bee.  A  station  has 
been  established  for  the  rearing  of  na- 
tive bees.  American  bee-keepers, 
friends  of  the  brown  bee  here  may  soon 
find  an  opportunity  to  procure  the. 
black  or  German  bee  in  its  purity. 


1904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


99 


DENMARK. 

Judging  from  the  Danske  Biauls-Ti- 
tende,  a  Damsh  agricultural  bee  jour- 
nal, bee-keeping  in  Denmark  is  carried 
on  according  to  American  principles. 
Doolittle's  conversation  translated 
from  Gleanings,  are  often  reproduced 
in  this  paper.  The  Danish  bee-keep- 
ers' societ.v  receives  a  yearly  appro- 
priation from  the  State. 


BRAZIL. 

Editor  Schenk  of  the  Braz.  Bienen- 
phledge,  reports  of  never  before  having 
harvested  such  beautiful  orange  honey, 
and  in  such  quantities,  as  the  past 
honey  season.  The  trees  blossomed  un- 
usually early  and  very  profusely,  thus 
affording  the  bees  a  gi-and  opportunity 
for  seven  weeks  to  gather  orange  blos- 
som honey. — From   Bienen  Vater. 


'  SPAIN. 
The  heirs  of  Mr.  Enrique  de  Merca- 
der-Belloch  have  decided  to  continue 
the  publication  of  El  Colmenero  Es- 
panol  and  have  secured  for  editor  Mr. 
Pedro  Villuendas  Herrero. 


FRANCE. 

Mr.  Baichere  says  that  the  honey- 
suckle (that  is  the  European  kind) 
produces  a  considera1)le  quantity  of 
nectar  but  that  the  flowers  are  so  detp 
that  the  bees  cannot  reach  it.  How- 
ever, some  kind  of  bumble  bees  are  in 
the  habit  of  cutting  holes  near  the  hot- 
toTu  of  the  flowers  to  reach  the  acctur. 
The  holes  once  made  are  used  by  the 
bees  and  other  insects.  Tlie  honey 
from  the  honeysuckle  is  white  and  of 
an  excellent  taste. — L'Apiculteur. 

A  correspondent  of  the  Apiculteur 
says  that  somebody  had  soAvn  a  piece 
of  buckwheat.  Half  of  the  field  had 
been  manured,  and  the  other  had  re- 
ceived a  good  dose  of  lime.  Hardly  a 
bee  was  seen  on  the  blossoms  of  the 
manured  part,  while  they  were  very 
numerous  on  the  other.  This  seems  to 
sustain  an  opinion  often  expressed  in 
Europe:  that  the  limestone  lands  pro- 
duce more  nectar  than  the  others. — L'- 
Apiculteur. 

The  same  paper  quotes  from  an  Eng- 
lish .iournal  the  assertion  that  to  cui*e 
rheumatism  it  is  necessary  to  get  12 
stings  per  square  inch.    The  question  is 


asked,   which   is  the  worse — the  cure 
or  the  disease. — L'Apiculteur. 


Dr.  Clement,  at  Lyons,  France,  has 
made  some  experiments  on  the  effect 
of  formic  acid  on  the  human  system. 
He  took,  four  times  a  day,  eight  to  ten 
drops  of  formic  acid  in  water.  After 
the  first  day  the  effects  became  appar- 
ent, and  increased  during  the  following 
three  or  four  days.  There  is  a  certain 
excitation  of  the  muscular  system 
shown  by  a  need  of  active  movement. 
Also  a  considerable  resistence  against 
fatigue  and  tired  feeling.  With  the  use 
of  formic  acid,  hard  work  or  exercise 
can  be  much  more  easily  performed. 
And  the  tired  feeling  often  experienced 
the  next  morning  after  a  day  of  hard 
work  disappears  completely.  As  the 
honey  contains  some  formic  acid,  the 
suggestion  comes  of  itself. — La  Re- 
vue Eclectique. 


Mr.  Alphandery  gives  a  description 
of  the  cheapest  bee  hive  stand  I  have 
yet  heard  of.  Only  two  pieces,  perhaps 
IxG  inches,  or  about,  placed  one  across 
the  other  so  the  ends  come  under  the 
four  corners  of  the  hive.  To  bring  them 
to  the  same  level,  each  piece  is  notched 
half  way  at  the  middle.  The  lower  one 
is  ])Iaced  the  notch  upward.  The  up- 
per one  on  it  with  the  notch  downward 
slipping  in  it.  This  description  is  not 
very  clear,  but  with  a  little  reflection 
the  reader  will  understand  what  is 
meant. — Gazette  Apicole. 


BELGIUM. 
Some  time  ago.  I  spoke  of  a  discus- 
sion concerning  the  existence  of  laying 
workers,  which  had  taken  place  in 
some  of  the  European  bee  journals. 
More  recently  Mr.  Mercier,  of  Thiri- 
mont,  Belgium,  experimented  on  the 
subject.  He  says  that  when  the  queen 
and  all  the  unsealed  brood  are  re- 
moved, no  laying  worker  appears;  at 
least  it  has  been  so  in  his  experiments. 
He  thinks  that  when  all  the  larvae 
are  too  old  to  produce  queens  the  ex- 
cess of  jelly  or  royal  jelly,  is  distribu- 
ted among  the  larvae  and  these  or 
some  of  these  become  the  laying  work- 
ers. It  might  be  well  to  state  that 
other  experiments  made  before  did  not 
turn  out  that  way.  In  several  cases, 
queen  and  unsealed  brood  were  re- 
moved in  order  to  make  sure  that  no 


100 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


May, 


imperfect  queen  could  be  raised;  but 
nevertlieless  laying  workers  appeared 
and  in  large  numbers  at  that.  Mr. 
Mercier  also  recalls  the  fact  that  in 
queenless  colonies  wintered  over  never 
develop  laying  workers. — Le  Progi-es 
Apicole. 


Mr.  Simouart  of  Quievrain,  Belgium, 
relates  an  experience  with  laying  work- 
ers. After  the  fact  was  ascertained, 
he  united  that  colony  with  one  having 
a  queen.  As  usual  in  such  cases  the 
drones  were  destroj^ed  at  once;  but 
what  caught  Mr.  Simonart's  attention 
is  the  fact  tJiat  during  the  next  six  days 
a  portion  (about  half  in  all)  of  the 
workers  of  the  laying  worker  colony 
was  destroyed,  more  or  less  every  day. 

When  two  colonies  refuse  to  unite, 
the  bees  of  one  are  usually  entirely  de- 
stroyed or  nearly  so,  and  that  is  done 
within  two  days  at  most.  But  in  this 
case,  half  the  population  is  accepted, 
while  the  other  half,  or  about,  is  grad- 
ually destroyed.  Mr.  Simonart  thinks 
that  such  being  the  case,  the  destroyed 
bees  were  those  engaged  in  laying  or 
the  actual  laying  workers.  He  thought 
that  these  killed  bees  had  somewhat 
larger  abdomens  than  the  others.  There 
could  be  no  mistake  as  to  which  popu- 
lation the  killed  bees  belonged  to.  as 
one  colony  was  pure  blacks,  and  the 
other  pm-e  Italians. — Le  Progres  Api- 
cole. 

Mr.  Philijipe  says  that  cotton  waste, 
such  as  is  used  by  the  railroad  engin- 
eers, is  one  of  the  best  fuels  for  ihe 
smoker. — Le  Proges   Apricole. 


ITALY. 

In  a  previoiis  contribution  I  stated 
that  the  leaves  of  the  lime  ti*ee  bruised 
in  the  hand,  attract  the  bees,  and  are 
used  in  Southern  Italy  to  induce  a 
swarm  to  settle  where  it  is  wanred. 
The  same  item  has  reappeared  ;igain, 
but  this  time  it  is  the  Ismon  trp^)  that 
is  named.  The  two  kinds  ar?  so  near 
alike  that  there  could  not  be  any  dif- 
ference. fOur  Florida  friends  are  in- 
vited to  ti-y.  Perhaps  the  orange  tree 
leaves  might  do.)  A  Germaji  paper 
suggests  that  where  the  lemon  tree 
does  not  grow,  the  bark  or  peelings  of 
a  lemon  might  be  a  good  substitute. — 
L'Apiculteur. 


ALGERIA. 

Mr.  Bourgeois  says  that  while  the 
Punic  bees  are  usually  vex-y  cross,  yet 
at  times  they  can  be  liantlled  as  easily 
as  any  others.  He  adds  that  as  hnney 
gatherers  they  are  some'.vhat  superior 
to  the  Italians  and  Carnoiians,  at  least 
so  far  as  such  as  he  had  are  concerned. 
— L'.\picultuer. 


RUSSIA. 

It  is  stated  in  "Ung.  Biene"  that 
bees  were  kept  more  extensively  in 
Russia  a  thousand  years  ago  than  now. 
At  Emperor  Ivan's  time  the  exports 
of  honey  were  810,000  kg.  At  the 
jiresent  time  the  number  of  colonies 
kept  are  5,106,722,  the  amount  of  hon- 
ey they  produce  65,418,880  pounds,  the 
wax  represents  10,797,760  pounds. 
Russia  consumes  more  honey  and  wax , 
than  she  produces  A  great  deal  of 
these  products  are  imported  from  Hun- 
garia.  

It  is  known  that  the  honey  fully  ri- 
pened contained  in  the  hives  during  the 
winter,  is  too  thick  for  immediate  use. 
It  was  formerly  admitted  that  the  wa- 
ter evaporated  from  the  bees  and  con- 
densed against  walls  of  the  hives  fur- 
nished the  water  necessary  to  dilute 
the  honey.  Berlepsch  was  the  first  to 
discover  that  such  water  contains  nox- 
ious matters  evaporated  with  it  and  is 
not  used  by  the  bees.  Lately  a  Rus- 
sian apiarist,  Mr.  Tseselsky,  discover- 
ed that  the  bees  are  in  the  habit  of 
uncapping  the  honey  in  advance.  This 
Avhen  uncapped,  absorbs  the  moisture 
of  the  air,  and  is  thus  diluted.  Com- 
paring the  freshly  uncapped  honey 
with  that  uncapped  several  days  be- 
fore, he  found  that  the  last  had  ab- 
sorbed one-half  to  two-thirds  of  its 
weight  of  water.  The  lower  the  tem- 
pera tin-e,  the  more  water  had  been  ab- 
sorbed. He  also  insists  on  a  sufficient , 
ventilation  to  carry  away  the  noxious  | 
gases,  and  other  products  of  the  bodies 
of  the  bees,  and  bring  in  the  necessary 
moisutre  to  dilute  the  honey. — L'Api- 
cultenr. 

ALGERIA. 

The  most  extensive  bee-keeper  in 
Algeria  is  Mr.  Bourgeois.  He  now  owns 
several  thousand  colonies  bought  fron 
the  Arabs  and  French  colonists  and 
transferred  in  modern  hives.  The  Eu- 
ropean process  of  transferring  consists 


1904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


101 


in  drumming  tlie  bees  and  queen  from 
tlie  old  hive  in  tlie  new,  putting  a 
queen  excluder  on  the  new  hive,  and 
finally  tlfe  old  hive  on  top  of  the  new. 
stopping  all  openings  except  the  en- 
trance to  the  new  hive.  The  object  of 
the  drumming  is  to  make  sure  of 
having  the  queen  in  the  new  liive. 
Twenty-one  days  later  the  old  hive 
can  be  removed  and  demolished. 

Mr.  Bourgeois  found  the  drumming 
part  almost  impossible,  partly  on  ac- 
count of  the  awkward  shape  of  the 
hives  in  common  use  and  partly  on  ac- 
count of  the  viciousness  of  the  Alger- 
ian (or  Punic)  bees.  He  then  follow- 
ed successfully  the  following  process: 
Put  a  virgin  queen  in  a  cage  and  the 
cage  in  the  hive  from  which  you  want 
to  drive  the  bees.  The  old  queen  will 
try  to  destroy  the  virgin  and  finally 
finding  herself  not  able  to  do  it.  will 
lead  out  a  swarm.  All  that  is  to  be 
done  is  to  put  the  swarm  in  the  new 
hive.  Mr.  Bourgeois  does  not  say 
whether  x,e  used  a  queen  trap  or  not. 
Anyway,  this  is  certainly  a  good  way 
of  securing  a  queen  which  cannot  be 
found  by  the  usual  processes. 

I  am  not  siu-e  that  the  process  would 
be  as  successful  with  other  races  of 
bees  as  "Mr.  Bourgeois  found  it. 

The  Punic  bees  are  not  only  very 
vicious,  but  also  inveterate  swarmers. 
They  are  first-class  honey  gatherers, 
but  cap  their  honey  quite  greasy.  They 
are  the  blackest  race  of  bees  known. — 
Adrian  Getaz. 


lUack  River  N.  Y.,  March  21,  1904. 
Mr.  Editor: 

In  the  American  Bee-iKeeper  for 
.T.Miuary,  1904,  Brother  A.  C.  Miller 
says  that  bees  pack  pollen  with  their 
iii.iudibles.  I  dont'  tlnnk  so.  I  think 
aiiii  am  almost  sure  that  they  use 
thoir  front  feet. 

If  you  will  take  a  new  drawn  comb 
and  pull  a  bee  out  of  a  cell  when  they 
arc  at  work  packing  pollen,  you  will 
find  the  imi)ression  of  her  feet  all  over 
tli«'  top  of  the  cell  of  pollen.     If  you 


cannot,  use  a  magnifying  glass.  I  hope 
we  shall  know  who  is  right  some  time. 
There  has  been  too  much  theory  and 
not  facts  published  in  our  bee  books. 

Some  hives  are  better  for  comb  honey 
than  others,  but  one  would  think  to 
hear  some  of  these  patent  hive  men 
talk,  or  read  their  articles,  all  you 
need  is  their  hive.  I  wish  to  tell  the 
beginner  as  W.  L.  Coggshall  did  years 
ago:  First,  the  location;  2d,  the  bee- 
keeper; last,  the  hive.  I  often  hear 
a  novice  say  if  I  had  a  hive  so  and  so, 
I  could  get  a  lot  of  honey.  I  never 
could  find  any  kind  of  business  that 
would  run  itself  without  hard  work 
and  brains.  As  this  has  been  a  hard 
winter  for  bees  up  here  in  New  York 
state,  especially  for  those  out  of  doors, 
there  will  be  more  or  less  weak  colo- 
nies this  spring,  and  as  I  have  found 
in  years  of  experience  it  don't  pay  to 
double  them  up  early  in  the  spring, 
unless  they  are  queenless.  Tuck  them 
up  nice  and  warm  until  the  honey 
flow  opens.  Then,  and  not  until  then. 
That  is  the  time  we  have  got  to  have 
sti-ong  colonies  for  comb  honey:  for 
you  cannot  produce  fancy  comb  honey 
unless  your  colonies  are  strong.  I 
found  out  years  ago  by  two  colonies 
uniting  when  they  swarmed,  that  not 
only  stored  more  than  double  the  honey 
but  nicer  in  every  way.  I  use  the  L. 
dovetailed  hive,  eight  frames.  1  use 
two  stoi'ies  if  the  queen  is  a  good  one. 
Don't  use  a  queen  more  than  two  years. 
I  find  this  plan  the  safest,  wiien  I 
get  the  first  brood  nest  well  filled  with 
eggs,  and  brood  I  put  the  other  under, 
not  on  top.  If  you  put  it  on  top  the 
bees  will  fill  it  with  honey  before  the 
queen  can  fill  the  combs  witu  eggs,  but. 
by  putting  it  under,  the  bees  will  not 
crowd  the  queen.  This  has  been  my 
experience.  A  young,  vigorous  queen 
will  not  hesitate  to  go  down  to  the 
empty  combs.  How  I  do  pity  poor  old 
Dame  Nature.  Undeveloped  worker 
bee,  she  not  only  mothers  the  young 
but  gathers  the  food  and  builds  the 
combs.  And  yet  man  says  she  is  un- 
developed. Geo.  B.  Howe. 

Brunswick,  Me..  April  9,  1904. 
Dear  Brother  Hill: 

I  wish  to  express  my  thanks  to  our 
friend  A.  C.  Miller,  for  his  instructive 
article  in  the  April  number  of  the  Bee- 
Keeper,  in  which  he  gives  us  the  re- 


IJ    THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


102 

suits  of  bis  experiments  on  wintering 

bees. 

I  believe  bis  conclusions  are  sound, 
and  important  to  all  bee-keepers.  It  is 
ti.e  strong  colony  tbat  will  stand  tbe 
frosts  of  winter. 

But  tbere  is  one  otber  conclusion, 
drawn  from  bis  experiments,  wbicb  he 
does  not  mention,  and  wbicb.  to  me,  is 
very  convincing. 

It  seems  it  was  the  Bingham  hive, 
not  so  very  strong  of  itself,  which  ex- 
cited his  admiration,  and  to  which  he 
calls  special  attention. 

This  hive  had  four  sections  in  its  di- 
visable  brood  chamber,  each  one  of 
which,  rising  one  above  the  other,  had 
frames  51/2  inches  deep  which  is  equiv- 
alent to  one  set  of  frames  22  inches 
deep.  The  fact  that  it  bad  four  parts 
does  not  change  the  condition. 

This  hive  then,  which  beat  all  the 
rest,  had  frames  22  inches  deep,  which 
proves  my  notion  tbat  the  deep  frame 
is  better  for  wintering  bees  than  the 
shallow.  Yours  truly, 

C.  M.  Herring. 

Haverhill.  N.  H.,  April  11,  1904. 
Editor  American  Bee-Keeper: 

My  brother  and  I  have  been  together, 
subscribers  of  the  Bee-Keeper  for  tbe 
last  year  and  have  read  it  with  great 
interest.  This  spring  I  find  that  I  have 
lost  thirty  per  cent  of  my  bees.  In  the 
colonies  that  were  dead,  wherever  the 
bees  were  on  the  comb  it  molded  it 
quite  badly.  Now  if  the  ends  of  the 
cells  where  the  mold  is,  is  cut  oi¥,  will 
it  be  all  right  to  use  again?  I  do  not 
want  to  do  anything  that  will  bring 
disease  among  my  bees.  Please  let 
me  know  anything  that  Avill  help  to 
keep  bees  in  a  healthy  condition.  I 
want  to  use  what  old  comb  I  can,  but 
not  to  tbe  detriment  of  my  bees. 

Tbanking  you  in  advance  for  any 
favor.  I  remain,  your  truly, 

P.  .1.  Burbeck. 

It  will  be  all  right  to  use  tbe  moldy 
combs  as  indicated,  or  a  hive-body  full 
of  them  might  be  set  over  a  good  strong 
colony  to  clean  up  and  care  for  until 
needed.  Tbe  greater  danger,  in  hand- 
ling such  stuff,  arises  from  tbe  prob- 
ability of  inducing  robbing  in  tbe  api- 
ary, by  unduly  exposing  tiie  honey.  If 
due  precaution  is  taken  against  this 
menacing  evil,  no  other  bad  results  are 
liable  to  follow. — Editor. 


May, 


Hegg,  Wis.,  March  23,  1904. 
Editor  Bee-Keeper: 

I  wish  to  ask  a  favor  in  regard  to 
honey:  First,  do  you  think  it  best  to 
extract  or  to  sell  the  honey  in  the 
comb,  when  the  market  is  poor  for 
comb  honey?  Second,  is  it  necessary 
to  have  loose  bottoms  in  tbe  hives,  for 
desti'oying  queen  cells?  If  you  can  give 
me  a  little  advice  upon  these  questions 
in  the  Bee-Keeper,  I  will  be  very  thank, 
ful.  Sincerely  yours, 

Theodore  Qualley. 
If  tbe  object  of  the  producer  is  cash, 
it  is,  oliviously,  tbe  part  of  wisdom  to 
produce  tbe  kind  of  honey  most  readily 
converted  into  cash.  Tbe  production 
of  merchantable  extracted  honey  does 
not  require  so  much  skill  as  does  the 
production  of  comb  honey  of  a  high 
grade;  and  it  is  less  expensive  perhaps, 
as  well.  We  should  say,  "go  in"  for 
tbat  wbicb  sells  most  I'eadily  at  a 
profitable  figure. 

As  the  writer  is  accustomed  to  han- 
dle bees,  it  is  very  rare  tbat  we  have 
to  manipulate  a  colony  expressly  for 
tbe  purpose  of  destroying  queen  cells; 
and  we  fail  to  see  tbat  a  loose  bottom- 
board  woTild  in  anywise  facilitate  the 
work  when  it  is  necessary.  We  prefer 
a  loose  bottom,  however,  and  to  have 
iipjter  and  lower  stories  alike,  and  in- 
terchangeable. As  a  means  of  pre- 
venting swarming,  it  is  not  safe  to 
depend  upon  the  efficiency  of  removing 
tbe  queen  cells  tbat  may  be  along  tbe 
bottom  bar  of  tbe  brood  chamber. 
Others  may  be  located  higher  up,  and 
out  of  reach;  and  it  is,  therefore,  nec- 
essary to  withdraw  tbe  frames  for 
examination;  hence  we  think  the  mat- 
ter of  bottom  boards,  permanent  or  re- 
movable, has  no  practical  bearing  up- 
on tbe  question. — Editor. 

Cornplanter,  Pa.,  March   1,  1904. 
Editor  American  Bee-Keeper: 

I  am  a  beginner  in  bee-keeping,  and 
would  like  to  ask  you  liow  I  may  keep 
my  bees  from  sticking  tbe  super  to  the 
bod.v  of  the  hive.  Last  summer  they 
would  stick  them  together  so  it  was 
very  bard  to  get  them  apart  at  all. 
The  bees  are  in  ordinary  dove-tailed 
hives  and  have  wild  feed.  I  tried 
greasing  the  super  but  with  poor  suc- 
cess. Yours  ti-ul.v. 

Alice  E.  Holmes.. 

Though   it  is  a   habit     common     to 


1904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


103 


honey  bees  to  propolize  all  cracks  and 
small  openings  about  their  abode, 
where  hives  are  accurately  made  it 
seldom  occurs,  we  believe,  that  any 
particular  difficulty  arises  therefrom. 
Some  localities  yield  propolis  in  greater 
abundance  than  others,  and  some  bees 
are  more  lavish  in  its  use  than  are  oth- 
er strains.  Bee-keepers  generally  let 
them  stick  the  supers  as  tight  as  they 
please,  and  then  with  a  chisel  or  other 
similar  instrument,  pry  it  loose  when 
removing  the  crop.  It  is  said,  however, 
that  an  application  of  hot  paraffine 
upon  the  points  of  contact  is  an  effec- 
tual preventive. — Editor. 

Markham,  Ont,  April  12,  1904. 
Editor  Bee-Keeper : 

We  have  had  a  terribly  severe  winter 
here,  and  losses  in  bees  are  abnormal- 
ly large  throughout  Ontario.  Only  three 
or  four  days  to  date  that  bees  could  fly 
freely.  No  doubt  conditions  are  mucli 
different  with  you.  Cordially  yours, 
J.  L.  Byer. 

Wheelersburg,  O..  April  12,  1904.  , 
Friend  Hill:    , 

Our  bees  have  wintered  quite  well, 
but  the  spring  continues  cold  and  back- 
ward. Peaches  and  pears  are  blooming 
thoi%h  it  is  snowing  a  little  today,  and 
it  is  so  cold  that  the  bees  do  not  dare 
stick  their  noses  out  of  the  hives.  Well, 
my  bees  are  on  deep  combs  with  plenty 
of  honey,  so  I  am  not  worrying. 
As  ever  yours, 

W.  W.  McNeal. 


always  proved  satisfactory  in  our  win- 
tering experience  out  of  doors.— Edi- 
tor. 


Upperco,  Md.,  April  13,  1904. 
American  Bee-Keeper : 

Please  answer  in  the  next  issue  of 
the  American  Bee-Keeper,  Is  rye  meal 
as  valuable  as  natural  pollen  for  bees? 
Is  it  as  healthy  as  natural  pollen? 

What  size  should  the  entrance  of  a 
good  colony  of  bees  be,  through  the 
winter  on  summer  stands? 

I  remain  yours  very  respectfully, 
D.  H.  Zencker. 

Rye  meals  is  regarded  as  a  very  good 
•substitute  for  pollen.  It  is,  perhaps, 
as  good  as  any  known.  So  far  as  we 
Tsnow  no  reports  have  been  made  of 
detrimental  effects  upon  the  bees 
through  its  use.  Bees  prefer  the  nat- 
ural product,  however,  when  it  is  ob- 
tainable. An  entrance  three  or  four 
Inches  wide  by  three-eights  high,  has 


MARKET  REPORT. 

New  York,  April  18.— There  are  no 
new  features  in  the  honey  market. 
Some  white  honey  selling  at  from  12 
to  13  cents,  off  grades  at  from  10  to 

11  cents,  and  no  demand  for  dark 
honey  whatever.  Market  is  very  quiet 
on  extracted  of  all  grades  and  prices 
are  rather  irregular.  Beeswax  very 
firm  at  from  29  to  31  cents.— Hildreth 
&  Segelken. 

Kansas  City,  Mo.,  April  15.— Market 
for  honey  has  improved  during  the 
last  ten  days  and  we  believe  all  old 
stock  will  be  cleared  up  by  middle  of 
May.  The  supply  is  limited  with  good 
demand.  We  quote  our  market  today: 
Fancy  comb,  $2.35;  choice,  $2.25;  Ex- 
tracted dull  at  5  to  6  cents.  Beeswax 
in  good  demand  at  oOc. — C.  C.  Clemons 
&  Co. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  April  15.— Cannot  en- 
courage shipments  to  Buffalo  now.  De- 
mand and  trade  very  dull.  Quite  fair 
stocks  will  have  to  sell  low  to  clear 
up.  Fancy,  12  to  13c;  lower  gr'ades,  6 
to  lOc.  Extracted,  5  to  7c;  Beeswax, 
25c  to  32c.— Batterson  &  Co. 

Chicago,  April  7.— The  market  4s 
heavily  supplied  with  comb  and  ex- 
tracted honey,  neither  of  which  are 
meeting  with  any  demand,  especially 
is  this  true  of  the  comb.  Prices  are 
uncertain  as  those  having  stock  are 
anxious  to  sell  it;  therefore  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  quote  prices.  The  besT:  grades 
of  white  comb  bring  lie  to  12c,  any- 
thing off  from  choice  to  fancy  is  not 
wanted.  Exti-acted  white,  according 
to  quality  sells  6c  and  Tc,  amber,  5c 
and  6c.  Beeswax,  30c  and  32c. — R.  A. 
Burnett  .fc  Co.,  199  S.  Water  St. 

Cincinnati,  Ai^m  IS. — The  honey 
market  here  is  re-assimiing  activity, 
and  judging  from  present  indications, 
and  the  lateness  of  the  season,  the  last 
season's  crop  will  be  consumed  before 
the  arrival  of  the  new.  We  offer  am- 
ber extracted  in  barrels  and  cans 
at  5  1-2  to  6  1-2  and  white  clover  6  1-2 
to  8  cents  according  to  quality  and 
package.     Fancy  comb  honey  sells  at 

12  and  15  cents.  Beeswax  wanted  at 
30  cents.— The  Fred  W.  Muth  Co. 


104 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


May. 


PUBLISHED   MONTHLY 
THE  W.  r.  FALCOMER  MANFG. 

PROPRIETORS. 

H.    E.    HILL,  -  EDITOR, 

FORT  PIERCE,  FLA 


Co. 


Terms. 

Fifty  cents  a  year  in  advance;  2  copies  ^5 
cents;  3  copies  $1.20;  all  to  be  sent  to  one 
postoffice. 

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Advertisements  must  be  received  on  or  be- 
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Matters  relating  to  business  may  be  ad- 
dressed to 

THE  AMERICAN   BEE-KEEPER. 
Fort    Pierce,    Fla.,    or   Jamestown,    N.    Y. 

Articles  for  publication  or  letters  exclusively 
for  the  editorial  department  should  be  ad- 
dressed to  the  Florida  office. 

Subscribers  receiving  their  paper  in  blue 
wrapper  will  know  that  their  subscription  ex- 
pires with  this  number.  We  hope  that  you 
will    not    delay    favoring    us    with    a    renewal. 

A  red  wrapper  on  your  paper  indicates  that 
you  owe  for  your  subscription.  Please  give 
the  matter  your  early  attention. 


THE  PARALYSIS  PROBLEM. 

Our  esteemed  coutempornry  the 
Smithlaiul  Queen  usually  quite  affable, 
niKl  always  interesting,  appears  to  he 
Itjiinfully  s'oaded  by  our  editorial  com- 
ment on  ])age  84  of  the  last  issue, 
Avherein  we  called  attention  to  the  fact 
that  it  had  erroneously  credited  an  ar- 
ticle to  Arthur  C.  Miller,  which  had 
been  written  for  The,  Bee-lteeper  by 
Mr.  Pofjpleton. 


By  way  of  explanation,  it  is  stated 
that  the  editor  of  the  Queen  had  noth- 
ing to  do  with  the  matter.  The  article 
was  selected  by  the  printer,  not  because 
of  its  "eternal  fitness,"  but  just  be- 
cause it  did  fit  the  space  required  to 
fill  the  pape.r 

Brother  Atchley  says  :'Tt  has  ap- 
peared for  some  time  that  Bro.  Hill 
has  had  a  crow  to  pick  with  the  Queen 
or  its  editor.  What  about  I  am  unable 
to  solve."  The  fact  is.  there  is  not  a 
bee  journal  published  in  this  or  any 
other  country  towards  which  The 
Bei'-Keeper  has  kindlier  feelings  than 
the  Southland  Queen  and  Bro.  Atch- 
ley ought  not  to  bristle  up  and  show 
fight  simply  because  The  Bee-Keeper 
fails  to  absorb  all  its  pet  hobbies;  and 
sometimes  calls  attention  to  its  errors 
Miiich  afPect  us  directly. 

As  to  paralysis,  Bro.  Aatchley  says 
fiuTher:  "With  all  due  respect  and 
love  for  Mr.  Pojipleton  and  Bro.  Hill, 
I  l)eg  to  say  that  neither  Mr.  Popple- 
ton  nor  rile  Ree-Keepei*  has  i)ut  forth 
any  more  light  on  bee  paralysis  than 
all  we  old  bee-keepers  knew  twenty 
years  ago,  and  I  am  too  busy  now  to 
take  this  mattei-  u]!.  and  esjiecially 
through  a  paper  that  uses  its  influ- 
ence and  partiality  to  make  its  points 
unfairly.  If  Mr.  Poppleton  desires  to 
do  so  I  will  meet  him  before  a  body 
of  competent  bee-keepers  at  St.  Louis 
next  October  and  debate  the  question 
of  bee  paralysis  and  allow  the  judges 
to  decide  whicli  is  right.  It  may  be 
that  drones  and  queen  have  paralysis 
sometimes,  but  Mr.  Poppleton  ought 
to  know  that  bees  often  feed  queens 
and  drones,  and  the  vile  .rotten  pollen 
mess  can  be  fed  as  well  as  honey,. 
I  can  read  phiinly  between  the  lines 
that  Bro.  Hill  convinced  against  his 
will  Avould  b(»  of  the  same  opinion 
still.'^ 

We  do  not  know  just  who  were  "all 
we  old  bee-keepers,"  of  twenty  years 
ago.  Mr.  Poppleton  and  the  writer 
were  upon  the  bee-keeping  stage  about 
that  time;  and  if  any  one  then  knew 
that  an  outward  application  of  sul- 
phur was  a  certain  cure  for  bee  par- 
al.vsis,  we  think  the  information  was 
held  sacredly  secret.  Maybe  Mr.  Atch- 
ley Avill  tell  us  who  had  experimented 
with  bee  paralysis  at  that  time. 

The  oidy  "point"  we  have  endeavor- 
ed to  make  in  this  connection,  is  the 


1904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


105 


one  that  sulphur  is  a  cure  for  paraly- 
sis. We  have  labored  to  make  this 
point  for  the  benefit  of  our  readers, 
because  we  believe  it  to  be  a  valuable 
point  to  those  whose  bees  are  afflicted 
with  this  malady.  We  believe  both 
the  American  Bee  Journal  and  Glean- 
ings have  given  the  information 
imparted  by  Mr.  Poppleton  through 
these  columns,  very  prominent  men- 
tion, the  latter  even  extending  assur- 
ances of  gratitude  for  our  having  spe- 
cifically called  its  attention  to  this  val- 
uable information.  Many  other  of  the 
world's  most  prominent  bee-keepers 
have  acknowledged  the  value  of  the 
article,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that 
the  Queen  would  have  it  appear  that 
it  contained  nothing  new. 

Who  is  trying  to  make  its  points  un- 
fairly? 

ARE  YOU  MAD? 

The  present  incumbent  of  The  Bee- 
Keeper's  editorial  chair  has  held  it 
down  now  these  six  or  seven  years 
past,  and  just  once  has  he  been  accus- 
ed of  wilfully  wounding  the  feelings 
of  those  with  whom  he  has  dis.cussior. 
The  missive  is  just  to  hand  and  states, 
in  substance,  that  we  should  curb  the 
natural  propensity  to  crue'lly  thrust 
our  rusty  pen  through  the  vitals  of 
those  who  differ  with  us,  and  that 
when  we  are  old  we  will  not  be  com- 
forted by  reflecting  upon  the  "smart 
things"  we  have  said  publicly  in  our 
youth. 

In  view  of  this  serious  charge,  we 
popose  to  hold  a  "court  of  inquiry," 
and  urgently  invite  every  reader  -who 
has,  or  ever  has  had,  a  grievance  alonsr 
this  line,  to  turn  in  his  evidence  with- 
out delay.  Send  it  to  either  th'i  New 
York  or  Florida  office— either  will  do, 
just  so  we  get  it  at  an  early  date.  The 
result  may  be  the  reformation  of  a 
I  vindictive  and  malicious  disposition 
upon  the  pf  rt  of  the  editor,  or  it  ^nay 
cause  him  to  abdicate  the  chair  in  fa- 
vor of  some  one  less  vicious.  However, 
we  should  like  to  know  just  exactly 
how  many  persons  it  has  been  our  mis- 
fortune to  offend  in  the  way  suggested, 
and  if  they  will  inform  us  we  shall  en- 
deavor to  afford  them  redress  and  sup- 
ply a  balm  of  Gilead  for  their  wounded 
feelings. 

Our  esteemed  critic  unwittingly  i)nys 
tribute   to   the   brilliancy    of    thought 


springing  from  the  mature  mind,  by 
his  reference  to  the  "smart  things"'  we 
have  said,  for  he  evidently  does  not 
know  that  our  once  red  hair  is  today 
sprinkled  with  white,  and  with  eyes 
growing  dim  we  look  bade  over  part 
of  a  century  and  contemplate  with 
great  cheer  the  possiblity  of  having 
ever  said  anything  smart  in  our  youth. 


SHALL  WE  ADVANCE? 

With  reference  to  the  editorial  Item, 
pages  IS  and  19  of  our  January  issue, 
wherein  is  discussed  the  limits  of  legit- 
imate journalism,  as  relates  to  bee  cul- 
ture, a  Florida  correspondent  takes  oc- 
casion to  confirm  the  sentiments  there 
quoted.  Says  our  contemporary  is 
right  ^and  that  "All  I  read  the  papers 
for  is  to  find  out  how  to  get  a  good 
yield  and  how  to  sell  at  a  living  price." 

Ever  since  the  world  has  had  bee 
journals  they  have,  doubtless,  all  been 
aiming  to  supply,  such  information. 
America  has  had  at  least  one  journal 
that  has  been  at  it  continuously  for 
some  forty  years,  and  many  others 
have  since  joined  the  ranks.  Does  our 
esteemed  correspondent  observe  any 
marked  improvement  in  the  "living 
price"  proposition,  as  a  result  of  Avhat 
has  been  accomplished  by  skimming 
the  surface  of  our  fleld  with  the  old 
•vooden  plow?  Is  it  thought  advisable 
to  continue  repeating  mere  mechanical 
methods  of  production  an.l  pointing 
first  to  this  city  and  then  to  that,  as  a 
market  for  our  honey,  and  meantime 
watch  the  steady  decline  of  prices  in 
the  face  of  a  rapidly  increasing  ]iopu- 
lation  and  decreasing  fields  of  foraj^e 
for  the  bees? 

As  it  appears  to  The  Bee-Keei)er,  a 
very  large  per  cent  of  honey  producers 
are  criminally  indifferent  in  reuard  to 
the  business  end  of  their  voeatioii.  'J^hey 
seem  quite  content  to  sit  by  and  see 
their  product  crowded  into  the  corner 
and  crushed  into  the  earth  by  com- 
peting commodities  much  less  worthy 
of  success. 

Is  it  not  inconsistent  to  expect  of  a 
bee  journal  the  ability  to  direct  its  pat- 
rons to  markets  more  profitable  than 
we  have,  and  which  are  steadily  be- 
coming less  profitable  because  of  the 
bee-keeper's  own  lack  of  business  en- 
terprise? Too  many  bee-keepers  ap- 
pear to  forget  the  fact  that  they  are 
living  in   the  twentieth   century,   and 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPEB. 


106 

that  business  methods  have  materially 
changed  since  their  grandfather's  day. 
Competition  is  Iceen  and  exacting;  and 
unless  there  is  a  grand  awakening 
among  the  producers  of  honey  at  an 
early  date,  those  now  living  may  see 
their  vocation,  sacrificed  beneath 
the  ponderous  wheels  of  a  modern  jug- 
gernaunt,    styled    "commercialism." 

Success  in  the  production  of  honey 
presupposes  a  general  knowledge  of  the 
business,  of  course;  but  specific  infor- 
mation in  regard  to  many  minute  -le- 
tails     is     imperative,  and  the  dissem- 
ination   of    such    information    usually 
devolves  upon  bee  jonrnals.     An   api- 
ary infected  with  foul  brood  is,  doubt- 
less, less  profitable  than  if  it  were  in  a 
healthy  condition.     In  view  of  the  pre- 
valence of  this  malady,  does  it  not  be- 
hoove the  bee-keeper  to  inform   him- 
self as  to  the  advancement  of  science 
and   practice  in   relation  to  its   treat- 
ment?    Florida,  to  as  great  an  extent 
as  any  other  State  in  the  Union,  has 
reason   to   thank   heaven   that  among 
her  bee-keepers  are  some  who  are  not 
afraid  of  acquiring  a  surplus  of  apia- 
rian information.    It  is  but  a  few  years 
past  that  the  foul  brood  scourge  broke 
out   and   bee-keeping   interests   of   the 
east    coast    were    seriously^   menaced; 
but,  by  the  prompt  action  of  one  pro- 
gressive apiarist,  its  ravages  were  staid 
and  the  last  vistage  of  the  infection 
eliminated  from   the  state. 

Knowledge,  specific  and  general,  is 
the  foundation.  "Good  yields  and  liv- 
ing prices"  will  be  a  spontaneous  out- 
growth. 


May, 

come  a  new  bee  paper,  and  Bi'othov 
Putnam  has  demonstrated  ids  alnlity 
to  get  up  a  creditable  claimant  for 
support. 

As  Mr.  Putnam  invites  n-iticisia,  we 
presume  it  is  in  order  for  us  to  indi- 
cate the  weak  point  of  the  Uural 
Bee-Keeper,  as  it  appears  from  our 
point  of  view:  The  habit  of  sand- 
wiching in  items  in  reference  to  r.oods 
offered"  for  sale  by  the  iuiblis'iey  of 
any  trade  journal,  savors  too  distinct- 
ly of  the  "house  organ"  type  of  publi- 
cations which  is  being  turned  down  by 
the  postoffice  department,  and  it  leaves 
a  disagreeable  taste  in  the  mouth  of 
the  reader  who  reads  for  ueneral  in- 
formation and  not  to  learn  of  the  mer- 
its characteristic  of  any  particular  line 
of  goods. 

Catalogues  and  price  lists  of  supplies 
we  believe  to  be  somewhat  out  of  pla«;a 
in  the  editorial  columns  of  a  modern 
trade  journal.  Commercial  ".nforma- 
tion  and  literary  merit  ought  to  be 
dished  up  separately.  That  is,  so  be- 
lieves the  American  Bee-K?eper. 

We  wish  the  new  comer  abundant 
success. 


THE  RURAL  BElMvEEPFJl. 

We  are  in  receipt  of  the  first  number 
of  The  Rural  Bee-Keeper,  River  Falls, 
Wis.,  a  monthly  journal  published  at 
50  cents  a  year,  by  W.  H.  Putnam, 
and  containing  16  pages  and  cover. 
Said  "cover"  is  dated  March.  1904. 
while  the  other  pages  proclaim  "April" 
as  the  date  of  issue.  It  is  difficidt, 
therefore  to  tell  just  when  the  "Rural" 
was  born.  However,  it  is  gotten  up  in 
very  creditable  style,  and  starts  off 
with  a  very  handsome  array  of  adver- 
tising, which  is  essential  to  the  life  of 
any  periodical. 

We  do  not  agree  with  some  of  tlie 
older  bee  journals  that  the  journalistic 
field  in  our  line  is  overstocked,  and 
we  are  therefore  always  pleascnl  to  ^^-el- 


We  are  in  need  of  more  good  articles 
and  photographs  of  interest  for  publi- 
cation, and  we  are  willing  to  pay  for 
creditable  material.  It  is  not  rehashes 
of  threadbare  axioms  that  we  need  (we 
have  an  ample  supply);  but  rather  new 
ideas  and  points  that  will  be  of  inter- 
est to  others  who  keep  bees.  We  are 
still  looking  for  those  scribes  of  bee- 
dom  who  are  to  light  the  way  in  the 
future. 


Someone  said  "one  swallow  does  not 
make  a  summer,"  and  it  is  as  true  that 
one  colony  of  bees  is  insufficient  to 
prove  or  disprove  the  characteristics 
of  any  race  or  strain,  but  as  to  the 
Funics  being  vicious,  as  is  frequently 
stated,  we  cannot  refrain  from  stating  , 
that  our  Punic  colony  is  as  docile  as 
were  ever  any  strain  of  golden  Ital- 
ians; and  up  "to  present  writing  they 
have  been  better  honey  gatherers  tnan 
any  stock  in  our  yard.  It  is  too  early 
to  speak  positively  as  to  their  other 
virtues  or  vices,  but,  to  be  candid,  we 
cannot  at  present  restrain  a  feehne 
somewhat  akin  to  enthusiasm  in  regar( 
to  these  bees. 


1904. 


TIfE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPEK. 


107 


The  Bee-Keeper  has  arranged  with 
Mr.  R.  M.  Bundy,  Clevehind,  Ohio, 
who  is  a  microscopical  expert,  to  uiake 
examinations  for  bacteria  in  svispicioiis 
specimens.  The  charge  will  be  $1  for 
each  specimen  examined.  We  will  en- 
deavor to  give  proper  cave  to  any  honey 
or  brood  supposed  to  contain  lo'il  brood 
or  other  disease  genus  wli^ioh  onr  read- 
ers may  send  us,  and  report  t  lie  result 
in  the  Bee-Keeper. 


more  frequently.  All  are  welcome, 
whether  living  in  the  North,  South, 
East  or  West. 


Twenty-two  years  ago  last  winter, 
\\'.  Z.  Hutchinson  made  bee  hives, 
using  old  lumber  from  the  hay  mow  as 
bottoms,  lath  for  sides,  and  shingles 
as  a  roof,  and  he  is  to  this  day  advo- 
cating the  home-made  hive.  This  is 
evidence  prima  facie  that  Brother 
Hutchinson  is  endowed  with  forbear- 
ance, patience,  calmness,  composure, 
endurance,  fortitude,  leniency,  long- 
sufPering,  resignation,  submission  and 
sufferance  to  a  degree  that  amply  mer- 
its all  the  success  he  has  achieved  in 
the  realm  of  apiculture.  We  no  longer 
wonder,  however,  that  he  has  decided 
to  withdraw  from  the  ranks  of  the 
practitioner  and  henceforth  confine 
his  efforts  to  the  mere  advocacy  of 
hand  and  home-made  hives.  The 
quietude  of  the  Review  sanctum  is  a 
solace  worthy  of  his  virtues. 


The  possession  of  an  observation 
hive  would  put  an  end  to  guessing  in 
many  instances,  and  enable  the  apiar- 
ian student  to  speak  with  confidence 
upon  points  now  more  or  less  obscure. 


I  like  the  Bee-Keeper  very  much  and 
enclose  $1 .50  on  subscription  account. — 
L.  H.  Dawson. 


A  Texas  subscriber  who  writes  of  hla 
appreciation  of  The  Bee-Keeper,  thinks 
more  .space  should  be  given  to  the  dis- 
cussion of  matters  relative  to  the 
South,  and  asks  if  a  page  may  not  be 
devoted  to  the  novice  in  bee  culture. 
We  have  repeatedly  assured  our 
friends,  the  beginners,  that  our  col- 
umns are  opeii  to  them,  and  their  let- 
ters always  receive  careful  attention. 
If  more  w^ould  write,  more  space  would 
be  devoted  to  their  letters.  They  need 
not  be  restricted  to  one  page;  we  shall 
try  to  take  care  of  all  seekers  after 
apiarian  knowledge  that  may  apply. 
We  hope  to   hear  from  the  beginners 


I  like  the  way  The  Bee-Keeper  is 
conducted,  and  admire  it  fearless  way 
of  setting  forth  matters  pertaining  to 
our  pursuit. — T.   S.   Hall. 

Cent=a=Word  Column. 

The  rate  is  uniformly  one  cent  for  each 
word  each  month;  no  advertisement,  however 
small,  will  be  accepted  for  less  than  twenty 
cents,  and  must  be  paid  in  advance.  Count 
the  words  and  remit  with  order  accordingly. 

FOR  SALE— A  Hawkeye,  Jr.,  Camera  com- 
plete. Uses  both  film  and  plates.  Cost  $3.00, 
will  sell  with  leather  case  for  J.3..50  cash. 
Address  Empire  Washer  Co.,  Falconer,  N. 
V. 

A  TANDEM  BICYCLE  (for  man  and  lady) 
cost  $150,  in  first-class  condition,  was  built  to 
order  for  the  owner.  Tires  new.  Will  sell 
for  $25  cash.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Ad- 
dress J.  Clayborne  Merrill,  130  Lakeview, 
ave.,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 

AGENTS  WANTED  to  sell  advertising  nov- 
ties,  good  commission  allowed.  Send  for 
catalogue  and  terms.  American  Manufac- 
turing Concern,  Jamestown,  N.   Y. 

WANTED— To  exchange  six-month's  trial 
subscription  to  The  American  Bee-Keeper 
for  20  cents  in  postage  stamps.  Address, 
Bee-Keeper,    Falconer,  N.   Y. 

LEOTA  APIARY.— Pure  honey  for  sale  at 
all  times.  Thos.  Worthington,  Leota, 
Miss.  4t 


POULTRY    SUCCESS. 
The     Twentieth     Century    Poultry 
Magazine. 

I-'ifteenth  year,  32  to  64  pages.  Beautifully 
illustrated.  Best  writers.  Up-to-date  and  help- 
ful. Shows  reads  how  to  succeed  with  poul- 
try. 50  CENTS  PER  YEAR.  Special  Intro- 
ductory Offer  Ten  months,  25  cents,  including 
large  illsutrated  practical  poultry  book  free. 
Four  months'  trial  10  cents.  Stamps  accept- 
ed.    Sample   copy  free. 

POULTRY   SUCCESS   CO., 

Dept.  36.  Springfield,   Ohio. 


The    Bee=Keepers'    Review 


For   1904 


THE  Review  never  had  more  sub- 
scribers, better  correspondents, 
greater  mechanical  facilities,  or 
a  more  experienced  editor;  in  short,  it 
was  never  more  fully  equipped,  than 
at  present,  for  helping  bee-keepers.  It 
will  use  all  of  these  advantages  the 
present  year  in  talking  up  and  discus- 
sing two  of 

The  Most  Important 
Subjects 

connected  with  bee-keeping,  viz.,  the 
production  of  large  quantities  of  honey, 
cheaply,  and  the  selling  of  It  at  a  high 
price.  The  first  few  issues  of  this 
year  will  be  especiallyi  devoted  to  the 
discussion  of  the  first-mentioned  topic, 
then,  in  July  or  August,  marketing 
will  be  taken  up  and  continued  through 
the  year.  I  do  not  mean  that  other 
important  matters  will  not  be  touched 
upon,  but  that  special  attention  will 
be  given  to  these  two. 

For  instance,  last  year,  Mr.  F.  E. 
Atwater,  of  Boise,  Idaho,  with  only 
one  helper, 

Managed  11  Yards 

scattei'ed  from  seven  to  eighteen  miles 
from  home,  and  in  the  January  Re- 
view he  had  a  long  article  describing 
the  hives,  implements,  and  methods, 
that  enabled  him  to  accomplish  this 
feat. 

Mr.  E.  D.  Townsend,  of  Remus, 
Michigan,  is 

The  Most  Extensive 


Apiarist 


in  this  State;  managing  out-apiaries 
with  the  least  possible  amount  of 
labor,  much  of  it  unskilled  at  that,  and 
making  money  out  of  the  business,  and 
he  is  telling  the  readers  of  the  Review 
"how  he  does  it."  Four  articles  from 
his  pen  have  already  appeared  and 
there  are  three  more  on  hand.  More 
will  follow  on  marketing  and  winter- 
ing. 

Another  correspondent,  over  the  find- 
ing of  which  the  Review  is  congratu- 


lating itself,  is  Mr.  E.  W.  Alexander, 
of  Delanson,  New  York.  He  has  had 
nearly 

Fifty  Long  Years  of 
Experience 

with  bees.  His  looks  are  white,  but 
liis  eyes  are  bright,  his  step  elastic, 
and  he  still  has  the  fire  and  enthusi- 
asm of  youth.  His  views  on  overstock- 
ing are  certainly  radical,  and  it  is  pos- 
sible that  they  are  not  applicable  in 
evex-y  locality,  but  some  ideas  that  he 
advances,  and  the  experience  that  he 
gives,  are  certainly  worthy  of  con- 
sideration. This  month  he  tells  how 
to  make  the  most  out  of  weak  colonies 
in  the  spring,  and  how  sometimes  it 
is  possible  by  the  right  kind  of  feeding 
in  the  spring,  to  change  what  would 
have  been  a  season  of  failure  into  one 
of  profit.  A  simple,  inexpensive,  con- 
venient method  of  feeding  is  describ- 
e-d.  The  next  month  he  will  describe 
his  tank  and  methods  for  disinfecting 
combs  from  colonies  infected  with 
black  brood.  By  his  thoroughness,  he 
has  been  successful  on  a  large  scale. 

The  beginning  and  the  end  of  the 
lioney  season  are 

Critical    Points. 

To  induce  the  bees  to  promptly  take 
possession  of  tlie  supers,  to  wind  up 
the  season  with  nearly  all  of  the  sec- 
tions completed,  yet  lo*-e  none  of  the 
honey  that  the  bees  can  store,  are 
most  desirable  accomplishments;  and 
James  A.  Green,  of  Grand  Junction, 
Colorado,  has  sent  me  an  article  tell- 
ing how  all  these  things  may  be  man- 
aged by  what  he  calls  his  "Combina- 
tion System."  It  appears  in  the  April 
issue  of  the  Review. 

Mr.  M.  A.  Gill,  of  Longmont,  Colo- 
rado, last  year,  with  the  assistance  of 
his  wife,  and  one  other  helper,  man- 
aged 1,100  colonies,  increased  them  to 
l.fiOO  and  shipped. 

Two  Carloads  of  Comb 
Honey. 

Within  the  next  month  or  two  the  Re- 
view will  publish  an  article  from  Mr. 


Gill  in  which  he  tells  exactly  how  he 
manages — particularly  in  regard  to  the 
swarming-problem. 

Sold  20,000  Pounds. 

When  it  comes  to  the  marketing 
question,  I  have  on  hand  an  article  by 
Mr.  H.  O.  Ahlers,  of  West  Bend,  Wis- 
eonsin,  in  whicli  he  tells  in  detail  how 
he  has  built  up  a  ti-ade  in  selling  ex- 
tracted honey  direct  to  consumers,  in 
which  he  last  year  sold  20,000  pounds, 
and  most  of  it  at  12  cents  a  pound. 

The  Honey  Harket 

is  something  that  many  of  us  have 
neglected  as  too  small  to  be  worth 
noticing,  especially  if  ir  is  only  a 
small  town,  but  our  energetic  General 
Manager  -of  the  National  Association, 
Mr.  N.  E.  France,  of  Platteville,  Wis- 
consin, manages  to  sell  about  8,000 
pounds  a  yeai*,  if  I  remember  aright, 
in  his  little  home  city,  of  only  4,000 
inhabitants.  He  does  no  peddling,  it 
is  all  sold  at  the  groceries,  butcher 
shops,  and  the  like,  and  he  so  manages 
as  to  get  eight  cents  a  pound  for  it. 
What  that  management  is,  how  the 
honey  is  put  up,  the  paclcage,  in  fact, 
the  whole  modus  operandi  will  be  de- 
scribed by  Mr.  France  in  the  Review, 
long  ere  the  time  comes  to  put  this 
year's  crop  on  the  market. 

A   Honey=Route, 

in  something  the  same  line  as  a  milk- 
man has  a  route,  hns  been  inaugurat- 
ed and  put  into  practice  for  several 
years  by  Mr.  C.  F.  Smith,  of  Cheboy- 
gan. Michigan.  There  is  no  peddling 
about  it.  On  certain  days,  except  dur- 
ing the  busy  time  of  the  year  with  the 
bees,  Mr.  Smith  goes  over  a  certain 
route,  calling  at  certain  houses  and 
delivering  a  certain  amount  of  honey. 
In  this  way  he  sells  all  of  his  own  ex- 
tratced  honey  at  13  cents  a  pound, 
and  then  buys  and  sells  thousands  of 
pounds  besides.  How  the  honey  is 
put  up,  how  the  route  was  established, 
how  he  knows  at  which  houses  to  call, 
and  how  much  honey  to  bring,  etc., 
will  be  told  to  the  readers  of  the  Re- 
view in  an  article  that  Mr.  Smith  is 
now  preparing  with  much  care  as  to  de- 
tail and  helpfulness. 


So  much  In  the  way  of  retailing 
honey,  and  we  now  come  to  the  sub- 
ject of  selling  honey  direct  to  retail 
dealers,  instead  of  sending  it  to  com- 
mission merchants,  who,  in  turn,  sell 
to  the  retailers.    This  is 

A  big  Field, 

and  one  that  has  been  little  worked, 
but  I  have  found  a  man  who  has  had 
a  lot  of  experience  in  this  line,  Mr. 
S.  A.  Niver,  formerly  of  New  York, 
but  now  of  Chicago.  For  several  years, 
quite  a  number  of  extensive  bee-keep- 
ers near  Gorton,  New  York,  turned 
their  crops  of  comb  honey  over  to  Mr. 
Niver,  who  graded  and  crated  it,  and 
then  packed  a  case  with  samples,  and 
went  out  as  a  "drummer"  selling  direct 
to  the  retail  trade,  goiug  over  the  same 
ground  more  tnan  once,  taking  orders 
and  collecting  for  the  honey.  I  have 
an  article  from  Mr.  Niver  telling  of  his 
success.  It  is  long,  readable,  full  of 
humor,  and  of  suggestions  for  some 
man  to  go  and  do  likewise.  Mr.  Niver 
is  now  at  work  prepai*ing  an  article  on 
retailing  honey  to  city  customei's. 

The  foregoing  are  only  a  few  of  the 
good  things  that  are  in  store  for  the 
readers  of  the  Review — these  are 
given  simply  as  samples.  The  pros- 
pects for 

Making  Money 

in  bee-keeping  were  never  brighter  for 
the  man  who  will  arouse  himself, 
wake  up  to  the  changed  conditions  of 
things,  and  take  advantage  of  the 
changes.  One  thing  is  certain,  if  you 
are  a  bee-keeping  specialist,  if  bee- 
keeping is  your  business,  you  can't 
afford  not  to 

Read  the  Review. 

It  will  lead  you,  and  encourage  you, 
ind  fill  you  vdth  ideas,  and  tell  you 
how  to  do  things — suow  you  how  to 
enlarge  your  business  and  make 
money. 

Send  $1.00  for  the  Review  for  1904, 
and  long  ere  the  year  is  out  you  will 
ndmit  that  it  was  the  most  profitable 
investment  you  ever  made. 


W.    Z.    HUTCHINSON 

FLINT,      MICHIGAN 


T 


HE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO.,  MEDINA,  OHIO. 
Breeders  of  Italian  bees  and  queens. 


GEO.  J.  VANDE  VORD,  DAYTONA,  FLA. 
Breeds  choice   Italian    queens   early.     All 
queens  warranted  purely  mated,  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed . 


CH.  W.  WEBER,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 
•     (Cor  Central  and  Freeman  Aves.)    Golden 
yellow,  Red  Clover  and  Camiolan  queens,  bred 
from  select  mothers  in  separate  apiaries. 


T 


HE  HONEY  AND  BEE  COMPANY,  BEE- 
VILLE,  TEXAS.  Holy  Land,  Camiolan, 
Cyprian,  Albino  and  3  and  5-banded  Italian 
queens.  Write  for  our  low  prices.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed.. 


I  B.  CASE,  PORT  ORANGE,  FLA.,  has  fine 
J  •  golden  Italian  queens  early  and  late.  Work- 
ers little  inclined  to  swarm,  and  cap  their  honey 
very  white.  Hundreds  of  his  old  customers  stick 
to  him  year  after  year.     Circular  free. 

CWARTHMORE  APIARIES,  SWARTHMORE, 
•^  PA.  Our  bees  and  queens  are  the  brighest 
Italians  procurable.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Correspondence  in  English,  French,  German  and 
Spanish.    Shipments  to  all  parts  of  the  world. 

WZ.   HUTCHINSON,  FLINT,  MICH. 
•     Superior  stock  queens,  $1.50  each;  queen 
and  Bee-Keepers'  Review  one  year  for  only  $2.00. 


lOHN  M.  DAVIS,  SPRING  HILL,  TENN..  sends 
J  out  the  choicest  3-banded  and  golden  Italian 
queens  that  skill  and  experience  can  produce. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.    No  disease. 


PUNIC  BEES.  All  other  races  are  dis- 
carded after  trial  of  these  wonderful  bees 
Particulars  post  free.  John  Hewitt  &  Co., 
Sheffield,    England.  4 


NEW  CENTURY  QUEEN-REARING  CO.,  (John 
W.  Pharr,  Prop.)  BERCLAIR,  TEXAS,  is 
breeding  fine  golden  and  3-banded  Italian  and 
Camiolan  queens.  Prices  are  low.  Please  write 
for  special  information  desired. 

M  CORE'S  LONG-TONGUED  STRAIN 
''^  of  Italians  become  more  and  more  popu- 
lar each  year.  Those  who  have  tested  them 
know  why.  Descriptive  circular  free  to  all. 
!  Write  J.   P.   Moore,   L.   Box  1,   Morgan,   Ky.     4 


CLONE  BEE  CO.,  SLONE,  LOUISIANA. 

'^    Fine    Golden    Queens,    Leather-Colored  Ital 

ians'and  Holy  Lands.    Prices  low. 


HOMESEEKERS 

AND  INVESTORS,  who  are  interest 
ed  in  the  Southern  section  of  the 
Union,  should  subscribe  for  THE 
DIXIE  HOMESEEKER,  a  handsome 
illustrated  magazine,  describing  the 
industrial  development  of  the  South, 
and  its  many  advantages  to  homeseek- 
ers  and  investors.  Sent  one  year  on 
trial  for  15c. 

Address, 

THR  DIXIE    HOMESEEKER, 
West  Appomattox,  Va 


When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


American 


BEE 


Journal 


16 -p.  Weekly. 
Sample  Free, 
j^"  All  about  Bees  and  their 
profitable  care.    Best  writers. 
Oldest  beepaper;  illustrated. 
Departments  for  beginners 
and  for  women  bee-keepers. 
Address, 
GEORGE  W.  YORK  &  CO.. 
144  &  146  Erie  St.  Chicago.Ill. 


SH/NEf 

The  Empire  Washer  Company,  Jamestown, 
N.  Y.,  makes  a  Shine  Cabinet,  furnished  with 
foot  stand,  blacking,  russet  dressing,  shoe 
rubber — in  fact,  all  articles  and  materials  need' 
ed  to  keep  shoes  looking  their  best — pnd  it  is 
made  to  be  fastened  to  the  wall  of  the  toilet 
room  or  kitchen.  It  does  away  with  the  vexa 
tious  searching  after  these  articles  which  is 
altogether  too  common.  A  postal  will  bring 
>ou  details  of  this  and  other  good  things. 


THE  ONLY  GERMAN   AGRICLLTURAL  MONTH- 
LY IN  THE  INITED  STATES  JiJi^j^^J^^^ 

FARM  UND  HAUS 

The  most  carefully  edited  German 
Agricultural  journal.  It  is  brimful  of 
practical  information  and  useful  hints 
for  the  up-to-date  farmer;  devoted  to 
stock  raising,  general  farming,  garden- 
ing,, poultry,  bee-keeping,  etc.,  and  con- 
tains a  department  for  the  household, 
which  many  find  valuable.  Another  de- 
partment giving  valuable  receipts  and 
remedies  called  "Hasarzt,"  in  fact  every 
number  contains  articles  of  real  prac- 
tical use. 

Price  only  35  CENTS  per  year.  Sam- 
ple copy  free. 

Send  subscriptions  to, 


FARM 

&    tf. 


UND    HAUS 

BLUFFTON,  OHIO. 


I  Are  You  Looking  lor  a  Home? 

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before  seeing  a  copy  of  THE  FARM  AND 
REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAL.  It  contains 
the  largest  list  of  lands  for  sale  of  any 
paper  published  in  Iowa.  Reaches  30,000 
readers  each  issue,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
advertising  mediums  to  reach  the  farmers 
and  the  Home-Seekers  that  you  can  ad- 
vertise in.  For  75c.  we  will  mail  yau  the 
Journal  for  1  year,  or  for  ten  cents  in 
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TRAER,  TAMA  CO.,  IOWA. 
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Nature's  Own  Great  Cure  for 

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Blood  Diseases,  Constipation,  Nervous 
Prostration,  etc. 

A  new  and  up-to-date  hotel.  Large,  airy, 
light  and  finely  furnished  rooms,  with  Steam 
Heat,  t^lectrie  Lights,  Hot  and  Cold  Water 
on  each  rtoor.  Rates  including  Room,  Board. 
Mud  Baths,  Lithia-Sulphur  Wuter  Baths  and 
Aittid-  ii(  I-    (n<  I  lud 

$3.00  a  dav,  according  to  room. 

WRITE  FOR  BOOKLET. 
Address  Box  3, 

tf     Litbia  Springs  Hotel,  Attica,  Ind. 


Strawberries. 

Young,  healthy,  fresh,  vigor- 
ous stock  in  prime  conditioi?  for 
spring  planting. 

All 
Leading 


Varieties 

Write  for  prices  and  terms. 

MONROE    STRAWBERRY    CO., 

Box  66  MONROE,  MICH. 


Headquarters  for  Bee-Supplies 

ROOT'S  GOODS  AT  ROOT'S  FACTORY  PRICES. 

Complete  stocli  for  1904  uow  on  hand.  Freiglit  rates  from  Cincinnati  ai'e 
the  lowest.  Prompt  service  i«  what  1  practice.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Langstroth   Portico   Hives  and   Standard  Honey-Jars  at  lowest  pricis. 

You  will  save  money  buying  from  me.  Catalog  mailed  free.  Send  for 
same. 

Book  orders  for  Golden  Italiaa.s.  Red  Clover  and  Carniolan  Queers;  for 
prices  refer  to  my  catalog. 

C.   H.  \Y.  WEBER. 


Office  and  Salesrooms  2146-48  Central  Ave. 
Warehouses— Freeman  and  Central  Aves. 


CSNCINNATI,  OHIO. 


La  Compania 
Manufacturera  Americana 

ofrece  los  mas  reducidos  precios  en  to- 
da  clase  dc  articulos  para  Apicultorcs. 
Nuestra  Fabrica  es  una  de  las  mas 
grandes  y  mas  antiguas  de  America. 
Especialidad  en  Colmenas,  Ahumadores 
para  Colmenas,  Extractores,  etc.  In 
ventores  y  perfeccionadores  de  muchos 
articulos  dc  suma  utilidad  en  la  Apicul- 
tura.  Enviamos  gratis  nuestro  catalogo 
y  precios  a  quienes  lo  solicitcn.  Dirija- 
nse  a. 

THE  AMERICAN  MFG.  CO., 

Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  E.  U.  A. 


The  only  strictly  agricultural 
paper  published  in  this  State.  The 
only  agricultural  paper  published 
every  week.  It  goes  to  every  post 
office  in  State  of  Tennessee  and  to 
many  offices  in  Kentucky,  Alabama, 
Georgia,  Mississippi,  Arkansas, 
Texas,  Florida  and  Louisiana.  It 
is  the  official  organ  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Department  of  Tennessee  and 
Live  Stock  Commission.  Subscrip- 
tion $1  per  year  in  advance. 

Tennessee  Farmer  Pub.  Cor, 
Btf  Nashville,  Tenn. 

BEGINNERS. 

shoi'.i  have  a  copy  ot 

The  Amateur  Bee-keeper, 

a  70  pa£;e  book,  by  Prof.  J.  W.  Rouse;  written  er 
pecially  for  amateurs.  Second  edition  just  on' 
First  edition  of  1,000  sold  in  less  than  two  years 
Editor  York  says:  "It  is  the  flaest  little  book  pub- 
lished at  the  prosr-ut  time."  Price  24  cents;  by 
mail  28  ceiits.     The  little  book  and 

The  Progressive  Bee-keeper, 

,'a  live,  proeresx've,  28  page  monthly  journal)  on« 
year  for  li.")C.  Apply  to  any  first-class  dealer,  or 
address 

LEAHY  MFG.  CO,,  Higsin.^ji,, ».. 


The  Record. 

The  Oldest  and  Leading  Belgian 
Hare  Journal  of  America  and 
England. 

R.  J.  FiNLEY,  Editor  and  Publisher, 

The  only  journal  having 
an  English  Belgian  Hare 
Department. 

One  copy  worth  the  yearly 
subscription. 

If  interesteo,  aon  t  fail  to 
send  2 -cent  stamp  for  sample 
copy  at  once.     Address, 

R.  J.  FINLEY, 

^'  MACON  ,  MO. 


To  Subscribers  of 
THE  AME  RICAN  E  I  E=  H  E  I  I  K 

And  Others! 

Until  Further  Notice 

We  Will  Send  The 

Country 
Journal 

to  any  address  in  the  U.  S.  A.  one 
year  for  10  cents,  providing  you 
mention  American  Bee-Keeper. 

The  Country  .Journal  treats  on 
Farm,  Orchard  and  Garden,  Poul- 
try and  Fashion.  It's  the  best  pa- 
per printed  for  the  price. 

Address 

The  Country  Journal, 

Allentown,  Pa. 
2tf 


W.     B.     VATTGHAN 

NEWBURGH,    N.   Y. 

Agent  for  The  W.   T.   Falconer  Mfg. 

Go's. 

BEE=KEEPERS'   SUPPLIES. 

Jy-4  Catalogue  free. 


Sunshine 


is  giiiiiing  ad- 
miration as  a 
popular    litera- 

ry  family 

^~~"^^^^^^~^^  MJiGAZINE. 
It  entertains  its  readers  with  good  short  stor- 
ies, sketches  and  poems  by  the  most  famous 
authors  of  the  day  and  is  a  magazine  of  supe- 
rior merit. 

It  is  a  welcome  visitor  in  every  home. 

Price  25  cents  a  year. 

We  wish  to  haye  our  magazine  in  your 
vicinity  and  as  a  special  offer  for  new  readers 
we  will  send  you 

Sunshine  for  i  Year  for  10c. 

Think  of  it.  less  than  one  cent  a  copy.    Can't 
you  act  as  our  agent  ? 

ADD.  MAYES  PUB.  CO., 
LOUISVILLE,        -         KENTUCKY. 


THE  SOOTHERN  FABfflEB, 

ATHENS,  GA. 


Subscription,  . 


50  Cents  a  Year. 


Published  the  First  of  Every  Month 
and    Circulates    in    Every 

Southern    State. 


AI)Vl!:UTISING    RATES   ON    APPLI- 
CATION. 


50    YEARS' 
EXPERIENCE 


Trade  Marks 

Degigns 

Copyrights  Ac. 

Anvone  sending  a  sirctHi  and  description  may 
quickly  ascertain  o>ii  ••;  lion  fr-^e  whether  an 
invention  is  probahlv  patentable.  Communica- 
tions strictly  confidential.  Handbook  on  Patents 
sentlree.  t)ldeat  aeency  for  securing  patents. 

Patents  taken  through  Munn  &  Co.  receive 
!fjj>ecial  notice,  without  charge,  in  the 

Scientific  Hmcrican. 

A  handsomely  illustrated  weekly.  Largest  cir- 
culation of  any  scientiflc  .iournal.  Terms,  $3  a 
year  :  four  months,  $1.    Sold  tyall  newsdealers. 

MUNN  &Co.^«'«-="'«^^- New  York 

Branch  Office.  625  F  St..  Washington,  X>.  C. 

When  writins  to  advertisers  mention 
'Ihe  .\nierif;in  Ree-Keeper. 


National  Bee-Keepers'  Association, 

The  largest  bee-keepers'  society    in  the 
world . 

Organized    to  protect    and   promote   the 
interests  of  its  members. 

Membership  Fee,  $1.00  ■  Year. 

N.E.  PRANCE,  Platteville,  Wis., 

General  Manager  and  Treasurer. 


Clubbing  Offers 

Here  is  a  Sample: 

Modern    Parmer $  .50 

Western  Fruit  Grower 50 

Poultry  Gazette 25 

Gleanings  in  Bee  Ciilture 1.00 

$2.25 
All  One  Year  for  only  $1.00. 

Write  for  otliers  just  as  goo<^l,  or  bet- 
ter. 

SAMPLE  FREE. 

New  subscribers  can  have  the  Amer- 
can  Bee  .Journal  in  place  of  Gleanings, 
if  they  wish,  or  all  for  $1.60.  Renew- 
als to  A.  B.  .T.  add  40c.  more. 

MODERN  FARMER, 

The  Clean  Farm  Paper 
St.  .Joseph,  Mo. 


BEEKEEPERS 


INSIST  ON 


LEWIS 


SEND    FOR    NEW 
CATALOG  FOR  1904 


GOODS 


68 


Q.  B.  LEWIS  CO. 

WATERTOWN,    WIS.,    U.    S.    A. 

Eastern    Agent,    Fred    W.    Muth    Co.,    51    \Va! 
nut    St.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio. 

Fl G hTiNG  roosters 

"  Mystify  and    amuse  your 

trieuds,  These  are  two  gen- 
[  uine    game     roosters     with 

feathers,    they    fight    to    a 

finish,  and  are  always  ready 
'  to  fight.  The  secret  of  their 
i  movements  is  only  known  to 

the  operator.  Will  last  a  life- 
I  iime.  lOo  per  pair,  3  for  25c, 
I    postpaid.    Address 

ZENO  SUPPLY  COMPANY 
Joplin,  -  -  Missouii 


AND      QUICK      DELIVERY 

The  busy  times  for  bee-keegers  is  almost  here.  If  you 
have  not  yet  ordered  your  g^oocls,  there  is  no  time  for  de- 
lay. You  can't  wait  now  for  some  factory  to  make  your 
goods,  nor  for  long-  shipments  bv  freight,  with  endless 
delays  at  transfer-points,  while  the  bees  are  idle  for 
needed  sections,  hives,  foundation,  or  storage-room.  You 
will  find  it  to  your  advantage  to  order  vour  goods  from 
near  home,  of  some  dealer  who  has  them  on  hand,  and 
can  ship  them  at  once.  Bv  so  doing  vou  will  not  only  get 
vour  goods  promptly,  but  at  a  big  saving  in  freight  bills. 

THE  A.  1.  ROOT  CO. 

Medina.  Ohio,  has  established  agencies  all  over  the  coun- 
try, where  standard  goods  are  always  in  stock.  The  fol- 
lowing are  some  of  the  more  important 

AGENCIES 


\ickery    Bros.,    Evansville,    Ind. 
\-l.    Grainger   &    Co.,    Toronto,    Ont. 
Walter    S.    Pouder.    Indianapolis,    Tnd. 
John    Nebel    &    Son,    High    Hill,    Mo. 
Tieo.    E.    Hilton,    Fremont,    Mich. 
I'rothero   &    Arnold,    DuBois,    Penn. 
M.    H.    Hunt     &      Son,      Bell      Branch, 

Mich. 
RawHngs     Implement     Co.,     Baltimore, 

Md      - 


(Iriggs    Bro.s.,    Toledo,     Oho. 

Nelson    Bros.    F"ruit   Co.,    Delta,   Colo. 

Jos.    Nysevvander,    DesMoines,    Iowa. 

Carl    F.    Buck,    Augusta,    Kansas. 

A.    F.    McAdams,   Columbus   Grove,    ('. 

C.    H.   W.    Weber,   Cincinnati,   Ohio. 

F.    H."^  Farmer,  182  Friend   St.,    Boston 

M^ss. 
I^.     A.     Watkins     Sldse.     C(j.,     Denver. 

Colorado. 


Ill  jidilitioii  16  the  foregoing  there  are  hundreds  who  handle  our 
siodd.s  in   sninll   lots.     Besides  this,  we  have  the  followins;- 


BRANCH=HOUSES 


Syracuse,   N.   Y. 

riiiladelphia,    Penn.,    10    Vine    .St. 
Chicago,    Ills.,    144   East.  Erie   St. 
San    Antonio,    Texas, 

438   W.    Houston    St. 


Mechanic     Falls,     Maine. 
Havana,    Cuba,    San   Ignacio  17. 
St.    ]'aul.    Minn.,   1024    Miss.    St. 
Washington,   D.    C, 

1100  Md  Ave.,   S.   W 


Send  for  eatalof^iie  and  buy  of  the  nearest      .\i;ency     or     Dealer 


class  mail  matter. 


IF  YOU 

WANT  TO  GROW 

Vegetables,  Fruits  and  Farm 
Products  in  Florida  subscribe 
for  the  FLORIDA  AGRICUL= 
TURIST.  Sample  copy  sent 
on  application. 

E.O.  Painter  Pub.  Co. 

JACKSONVILLE,  FLORIDA. 


FWENTS 


promptly   obtained   OR  HO  FEE.      Trade-Marks, 
Caveats,      Copyrights     and      Labels      registered. 
TWENT7  TEARS' FBACTICE.  Highest  references. 
Send    model,     sketch   or   photo,    for   free    report  I 
on    patentability.      All     business      confidential. 
HAND-BOOK  FREE.     Explains  everything.     Tells  | 
How  to  Obtain  and  Sell  Patents,  What  Inventions 
Will   Pay,  How  to  Get  a  Partner,  explains   best  | 
mechanical  movements,  and    contains  300  other 
subjects  of  importance  to  inventors.       Address, 

H.B.WILLSON&CO.  '*' 


790  F  Street  North, 


Attorneys 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


BARNES' 

Foot  Power  MacMn-Tj 

This  cut  represents  oui 
Combined  Machine,  whic) 
is  the  best  machine  mad< 
tor  use  in  the  constructiot 
of  Hives,  Sections,  Boxei, 
etc.  Sent  on  trial.  Send  (o> 
Catalogue  and  Price  List. 
W.  F.  &  J.  BARNES  CO., 
913   Ruby   St.,    Rockford-Ul 


HOME  SEEKERS 

AND  INVESTORS,  who  are  iuterest- 
ed  in  the  Southern  section  of  the 
Union,  should  subscribe  for  THr: 
DIXIE  HOMESEEKER,  a  handsome 
illustrated  magazine,  describing  tlM 
indu.strial  development  of  the  South, 
and  its  many  advantages  to  homeseek- 
ei's  and  investors.  Sent  one  year  on 
trial  for  15c.     Address, 

THE  DIXIE    HOMESEEKER, 
West  Appomattox,  Va        tf 


Ladies  Only, 

It    Is    Women     Who 
Need  Most     Relief 
From  Lktle  Irri- 
tating  Pains 
and  Aches, 

Dr.  Miles'  Anti-Pain  Pills  are  for 
women. 

Woman's  delicate  nervous  organism 
tingles  to  the  least  jarring  influence,  and 
some  ache  or  pain  is  the  result. 

The  remedy  is  at  hand — 

Dr.   Miles'   Anti-Pain   Pills. 

They  act  most  marvellously  on  wom- 
an's nervous  organism,  and  relieve  and 
'cure  the  pains  to  which  slie  is  a  martyr. 

Headaches,  neuralgiac  pains,  montlily 
pains,  and  all  kinds  of  pain^  disappear, 
as  if  a  gentle  hand  had  lightly  soothed 
them  away.  Dizziness,  Rush  of  Blood 
to  the  head.  Toothache,  Backache  are 
all   cured  by  these   "Little  Comforters." 

Cured  without  danger  of  disagreeable 
after-effects;  cured  quickly;  cured  with- 
out unnatural  action  on  liver,  stomach, 
or  otlier  internal  organs. 

Dr.  Miles'  Anti-Pain  Pills  please  the 
women,  and  the  children  take  them  be- 
cause they  are  easy  to  take  and  soothe 
all  their  sufferings. 

"For  years  I  had  spells  of  sick  head- 
ache, at  times  suffering  untold  agonies, 
I  could  not  endure  any  excitement. 
Going  to  church,  and  even  visiting, 
brought  on  these  terrible  spells.  I  tried 
numcious  remedies  without  relief  until 
1  tried  Dr.  Miles'  Anti-Pain  Pills,  and 
they  have  cured  me.  Wlien  I  feel  symp- 
toms of  sick  headache  I  take  a  pill  and 
v.-ard  off  tlie  attack.  When  I  am  tired 
and  nervous,  a  pill  soothes  me." — MRS. 
SARAH  WATKINSOJM,  Blairstown,  la. 
Price,   250  a    box.     Never  sold  in  bulk. 


TTSTT?  "vS'rite  to  us  for  Free  Trial 
J  JXtJlilU  Package  of  Dr.  Miles'  Anti- 
Pain  Pills,  the  New  Scientific  Remedy 
for  Pain.  Also  Symptom  Blank.  Our 
Specialist  will  diagnose  your  case,  tell 
vou  what  is  wrong,  and  how  to  right  It, 
Free.  DR.  MILES  MEDICAL  CO., 
LuABOiiATORIES,    ELKHART,    IND. 


A  Boon 
For 


PoDllrjKeeiiffl 

f  How  we  make  our  hens  iiay  40< 
per  cent,  profit,  new  systeiii,  ou 
own  metliod,  fully  explained  li 
our  Illii.straled  Poultry  Iiouk>  which  contain 
Poultry  Keepers'  Acc't  and  East  Record  showlni 
gains  or  losse.s  every  month  for  one  year.  Worth  HI 
ets,  .sent  to  you  for  I  Of.  if  you  will  send  names  of  { 
poultrv  keippers  with  your  order.  Address, 
b.  s.  VIBilERT.  I*.B.  5ti,  C'lintonviile.  Conn 


When  writing  to  advertisers  nientioi 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


Bee    H  i ves 
Sections 

EVERYTHING 


THAT  IS  USED  BY  BEE-KEEPERS  CAN  BE 
PROCURED  OF  US  AS  CHEAPLY  AS  ANY- 
WHERE, AND  WE  KNOW. 

Our  Goods  are  Superior 

BOTH  IN  MATERIALS    AND    WORKMAN- 
SHIP TO  THOSE  OF  ANY  COMPETITOR. 

One   Trial   Will   Convince   You 

THAT'S  ALL  WE  ASK.  WE  KNOW  YOU 
WILL  NEVER  BUY  OF  ANYBODY  ELSE. 

Our  new  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list  is  now 
ready.  Send  for  one  on  a  postal  card. 


The  W.  T. 
FALCONER  MANFG.  CO., 

JAMESTOWN,  N.  Y. 


THE  BEST  PRINTED  PAPER 


^  ^    IN  FLORIDA   J-  J- 


Located  in  the  Heart  of  the  Gel- 
eorated  Pineapple  Belt  and  sur- 
rounded by  many  of  the  finest 
orange  groves  on  the  Indian  Riv- 
er Fort  Pierce  is  the  largest  and 
most  important  town  in  Brevai'd 
county  and 

The  FORT  PIERCE  NEWS 


is  the  best  paper  in  the  county 
and  the  best  weekly  in  Florida. 
It  contains  reliable  information 
about  this  section  in  every  issue. 
Only  $1.00  a  year.  Write  for 
sample  copy.  tf. 

The  News,  Fort  Fierce^Fla. 


THE  RURAL  BEE=KEEPER 

A    MONTHLY    BEE    JOURNAL 

Devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  bee-keepers  of 
America,  will  teach  you  how  to  make  money 
with  bees.  May  number  tells  about  feeding 
bees.  We  are  now  at  work  on  our  June  num- 
ber and  can  assure  you  that  this  number  will 
be  more  interesting  and  more  valuable  than 
its  predecessors.  Swarming  and  how  it  is 
being  controlled  to  the  cash  benefit  of  the 
bee-keeper  is  the  subject  upon  which  the 
June  number  will  treat.  It  will  be  the  pur- 
pose of  the  Rural  Bee-Keeper  to  champion 
tJie  caiuse  of  the  small  coimtry  bee-keeper,  to 
show  him  the  way  to  make  money  out  of 
bees,  by  first  showing  how  to  produce  the 
greatest  amount  of  choice  honey  in  the  shane 
that  will  bring  the  best  casn  return  with  the 
least  expense,  and  later  wiil  show  him  how 
to  cash  his  crop.  Subscribe  now.  Begfr. 
with  the  first  issue  and  pet  fifty  dollars'  worth 
of  good  sound  information  in  one  year  for 
fifty   cents. 

Tlie  Cascade  Bee  Hive  Co. 

The  South  and  East  will  grow  in  apiculture 
for  a  generation  to  come.  The  new  South  has 
possibilities  in  apiculture  heretofore  unappre- 
ciated. We  want  to  become  acquainted  with 
all  our  Southern  and  Eastern  friends.  We  so- 
licit your  criticism  and  correspondence.  T4ie 
bee-keeper  will  find  it  to  his  advantage  to 
become  familiar  with  the  manuf]aoturer  of 
supplies  who  is  favorably  located  as  to  tim- 
ber supply,  cheap  power,  and  has  the  in- 
clination to  favor  the  user  of  his  product 
with  favorable  prices.  Write  for  catalog  and 
terms   to    agents. 

V9.  H.  PUTNAM, 

River    Falls,    Wis. 


Beeswax 
Wanted 


We  will  pay  29  cents  cash  or  31  cents! 
in  .sTOods  for  good  quality  of  Beeswax, 
freight  paid  to  Falconer,  N.  Y.     If  you 
have  any,  ship  it     to  iis  at  once. 
Prices  subject  to  change  without  notice. 
THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MFG.  CO. 


DON'T  KILL 

YOURSELF,  WASHING  THE. 

WAY,  BUT  BUY  AN  E  M  P  I   R  Ej 

WASHER.  Miiih whick lh«  < 

frailest  woman  ean  do  an  or- 

dinary  toothing  in  one  hour, 

without   tceuing   her   hand». 

Sample  atwholetaleprice.  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 

Nopav  until  tried.     Write/or  Rluitrated  Cataloaue 

andpricet  of  Wringert, Ironing  Tablet,  Clothet  Reel*, 

DryingBart,  \fagonJaek*,<ke.  Apentg Wanted.  Lib- 

•ralTermg.  QuickSalesl  Little  Workll  BigPwI!! 

Addret.'iun  EMriBiWASHiB  Co.,  Janeatoint.K .T , 

MAPS. 

A  vest  pocket  Map  of  your  State. 

New  issue.  These  maps  show  all 
the  Counties,  in  seven  colors,  all 
railroads,  postoffices  —  and  many 
towns  not  given  in  the  postal  guide 
— rivers,  lakes  and  mountains,  wilh 
index  and  population  of  counties, 
cities  and  towns.  Census — it  gives 
all  official  returns.  We  will  send 
you  postpaid  any  state  map  you 
wish  for 

20  cents  (silver) 

JOHN  W.   HANN, 
-,-  Wauneta,  Neb 


$25,000.00  CASH 

in.  500  pri2te(S.  First  prize,  $10,000.00.  To 
those  making  nearest  correct  gftesses  of  the 
total  popular  vote  to  be  cast  November  8th, 
1904,    for    President   of   the   United   States. 

There  are  eight  special  prizes  of  $500.00  eacb 
for   early   estimates. 

This  may  be  fortune's  knock   at  your  door. 

It  costs  nothing  to  enter  the  contest  and 
only  a  postage  stamp  for  particulars.  Address 
Hosterman  Publishing  Co.,  Box  16,  Spring- 
field.  Ohio. 

When  writini?  to  advertisers  mentioiLi 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


Homes  in 

Old  Virginia. 

It  is  gradually  brought  to  light 
that  the  Civil  war  has  made  great 
changes,  freed  the  slaves,  ^nd  in 
consequence  has  made  the  large 
land  owners  poor  and  finally  freed 
the  land  from  the  original  owners 
who  would  not  sell  until  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  There  are  some 
of  the  finest  lands  in  the  market  at 
very  low  prices,  lands  that  produce 
all  kinds  of  crops,  grasses,  fruits, 
and  berries;  fi^ne  for  stock.  You 
find  green  truck  patches,  such  as 
cabbage,  turnips,  lettuce,  kale, 
spinach,  etc.,  growing  all  the  win- 
ter. The  climate  is  the  best  all  th» 
year  around  to  be  found,  not  too 
cold  nor  too  warm.  Good  water. 
Healthy.  Railroads  running  in 
every  direction.  If  you  desire  to 
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Vol.  XIV 


JUNE,   1904. 


No.  6 


QUEEX  REARING. 


The  Method  Used  by  a  Texas  Breeder. 
By  Johu  W.  PhaiT. 

OUR  way  to  prepare  a  colony  for 
cell-building  is  to  remove  the 
queen  and  all  the  brood,  and 
two  hours  later  give  them  prepared 
cell-Clips,  or  else  transfer  the  larvae 
into  the  lower  cells  of  a  newly  drawn 
comb.  We  prefer  the  former,  how- 
ever, as  they  are  better  to  handle.  We 
use  the  Doolittle  plan,  not  because  it 
is  better  than  the  Alley  or  Atchley  sys- 
tem, but  because  it  is  more  convenient. 
In  order  to  get  good  cells  and  a  lot  of 
them  built,  there  must  be  a  honey  flow 
on,  or  else  it  is  necessary  to  feed  your 
colony  from  two  days  previous,  to 
four  days  after  the  operation  is  per- 
formed. By  this  time  the  cells  will  be 
sealed  and  you  can  transfer  them  to 
the  nursery  cages  or  give  them  a  lay- 
ing queen.  But,  before  giving  the  lay- 
ing queen  you  should  give  them  a 
frame  of  cell-cups  or  a  newly  drawn 
comb  which  has  been  grafted  with  lar- 
vae from  your  breeder.  This  should 
be  done  twenty-four  hours  before  giv- 
ing the  queen.  They  will  begin  feed- 
ing the  larvae  much  sooner  than  will 
a  colony  just  made  queenless. 

Now  go  to  another  colony  that  you 
■wish  to  set  to  cell-building  and  take 
'  away  its  queen  and  brood  and  bring  it 
to  this  colony,  and  take  lae  frame  of 
cells  which  they  have  started  to  the 
colony  from  which  you  took  the  brood 
and  queen.  By  this  means,  the  colony 
has  been  queenless  but  five  days. 

After  getting  a   lot    of    good    cells 
built,   the   next  thing   is   to   care  for 


them.  Our  cell  cages  are  prepared  as 
follows:  Take  a  strip  of  wood,  three- 
fourths  by  one-half  inch  and  cut 
length  to  fit  between  end-bars  of  brood 
frame.  Now  cut  half  way  through  the 
strip  saw  kerfs  to  make  twenty  com- 
partments, which  are  separated  by 
partitions  made  of  section  material 
and  fitted  into  the  saw  kerfs.  Now  cut 
a  piece  of  wire  cloth  to  nt  eacn  side. 
To  provision  these  you  can  bore  a  hole 
in  each  compartment  and  use  soft 
candy;  or  you  can  shave  a  piece  of 
comb  down  to  the  mid-rib  and  fill  with 
honey,  allowing  it  to  rest  on  the  bot- 
tom bar. 

Now  cut  little  caps  to  just  fit  be- 
tween the  partitions  and  will  fit  tight. 
These  ought  to  come  a  little  above  the 
wire-cloth  side-walls.  Now  dip  the  caps 
into  melted  wax  and  stick  your  cells 
fast,  and  place  them  in  the  cages  until 
you  have  it  full;  then  fasten  it  in  a 
brood  frame  with  a  small  nail.  If 
you  use  cages  that  have  holes  in  the 
bottom-bars,  you  can  put  three  in  one 
frame. 

Now,  to  get  these  cells  hatched  is 
where  the  trouble  comes.  Be  sure  you 
place  the  nursery  where  the  bees  will 
cover  it  entirely.  Do  not  place  it  in  a 
queenless  colony,  as  some  have  ad- 
vised. Put  it  between  frames  of  open 
brood  where  it  will  get  the  warmth 
and  moisture.  This  gives  us  the  best 
hatch.  When  hatched,  they  are  ready 
for  the  nuclei. 

I  know  there  are  many  who  want 
their  cells  to  hatch  in  the  nucleus  hive, 
but  we  hold  our  queens  in  the  nursery 
cage  until  they  are  four  days  old,  then 
sucessfully  introduce  them  by  using 
fresh  queenless  bees  every  time.  Here 


110 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


June 


is  where  auotlier  great  mistake  lias 
ahvuys  beeu  witli  me,  and  I  know  I 
learned  it  from  others,  and  that  is  hav- 
ing a  permanent  nucleus.  For  best  re- 
sults never  use  the  same  bees  for  ac- 
companying more  than  one  queen  in 
the  nucleus  hive.  Some  one  is  ready  to 
say,  "That  would  be  a  great  waste  of 
bees."  This  is  another  mistake.  When 
your  queen  begins  laying,  bring  in 
your  nucleus,  bees  and  all,  shake  them 
into  another  hive,  give  them  a  fram,^ 
of  brood  and  a  laying  queen  and  you 
will  soon  have  a  good  colony.  Another 
says;  'That  is  handling  a  lot  of  bees 
to  get  one  queen  mated."  Here  I  want 
to  say  that  this  is  where  another  mis- 
take comes  in.  Two  tablespoonfuls  of 
bees  are  plenty  to  accompany  a  queen 
while  in  the  nucleus  hive.  Some  claim 
that  our  queens  will  not  be  as  good  by 
that  process.  It  is  the  rearing,  not  the 
number  of  bees  in  the  colony  at  mat- 
ing time  that  counts  as  to  quality. 

To  get  queens  mated  with  few  bees 
it  is  best  to  have  small  boxes  or  hives. 
I  use  a  frame  four  of  which  fit  into 
a  brood  frame.  By  this  means  I  am 
able  to  get  them  filled  with  honey  eas- 
ily, and  when  I  want  to  use  them  I 
put  them  In  boxes  made  to  fit,  stock 
them  with  bees  and  run  in  a  virgin 
queen  four  days  old,  haul  a  hundred  or 
so  out  to  a  mating  yard,  and  seven 
days  later  prepare  another  load  and 
haul  them  out  and  bring  back  the  ones 
I  took  before.  If  the  weather  has 
been  favorable  they  will  be  laying.  If 
not,  I  can  pitch  them  out  in  any  old 
place  until  they  are  ready  to  mail. 

Now,  the  success  of  this  plan  is  in 
using  a  few  bees  to  mate  a  queen  and 
the  using  of  these  bees  but  once  for 
this  purpose. 

The  Swathraore  plan  was  far  ahea.'l 
of  the  old  plans;  but  this  plan  is  as 
far  ahead  of  Swathmore's  as  was  his 
ahead  of  those  prior.  The  reason  is 
this:  While  he  used  a  colony  to  mate 
eleven  queens.  I  mate  one  hundred 
with  the  same  amount. 
Fraternally  submitted. 
Berclair,  Texas,  Nov.  4,  1903. 


When  W.  L.  Ooggshall  established 
his  apiary  in  Cuba,  he  started  from 
New  York  with  200  colonies  and  ar- 
rived with  exactly  the  same  number. 
This  noteworthy  achievement  is  a  re- 
sult of  practical  knowledge.  They 
were  confined  fifteen  days. 


FORMING  NUCLEI. 

By  W.  W.  McNeal. 

WITH  the  permission  of  the  edi- 
tor   I    will    here    state    some 
things  that  I  have  found  out 
about  forming  nuclei. 

I  regard  a  few  good,  strong  nuclei  as 
being  a  very  necessary  adjunct  to  the 
apiary;  in  fact,  it  seems  to  me  now 
that  I  could  hardly  get  along  without 
them,  but  as  a  rule,  I  find  it  does  not 
pay  to  try  to  form  them  before  the  ar- 
rival of  settled  warm  weather.  One 
queen  will  produce  more  bees  in  a  col- 
ony where  conditions  are  normal  than 
will  a  half  dozen  queens  were  said  col- 
ony divided  up  into  that  many  small 
ones,  while  the  weather  is  yet  cool  and 
unfavorable.  Haste  will  surely  make 
waste  in  all  work  of  this  kind  if  the 
day  on  which  it  is  done  is  not  warm 
and  the  colony  or  colonies  have  not 
been  prepared  for  it. 

The  usual  diificulty  encountered  is 
the  disposition  on  the  part  of  the  bees 
to  return  to  the  old  location  whereupon 
many  bees  are  sure  to  be  lost  if  a 
cold  rain  were  to  blow  up  at  the  time. 
So,  again.  I  would  say,  wait  till  the 
air  is  warm  and  sweet  with  the  scent 
of  bud  and  blossom  before  you  at- 
tempt to  launch  a  nucleus  colony  for 
profit  Instead  of  pleasure. 

Now,  as  to  getting  a  colony  ready 
for  dividing  its  forces,  it  is  very  nec- 
essary to  create  a  desire  to  swarm. 
You  see  there  attachment  for  home  is, 
by  this  means,  broken  and  all  we  have 
to  do  is  to  scatter  the  little  colonies 
about  the  yard  where  we  want  them 
to  remain.  The  parent  colony  should 
be  made  very  strong  by  systematic 
feeding  begun  as  early  in  the  season 
as  practicable.  Not  more  than  one 
super  should  be  given  for  the  more 
room  the  colony  has  the  longer  will 
preparations  for  swarming  be  retard- 
ed. However,  when  queen  cells  are 
started,  either  naturally  or  from  ar- 
tificial cell-cups  as  the  apiarist  dic- 
tates, they  shoiTld  not  be  taken  from 
the  colony  till  the  young  queens  are 
ready  to  emerge. 

Of  course,  the  colony  will  swarm  if 
the  weather  is  suitable,  as  soon  as  the 
cells  are  capped,  but  they  must  not  be 
allowed  to  have  their  own  way  at  that 
stage  of  the  game.    Those  queen-cells 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


1904. 

must  be  kept  good  and  warm  for  prop- 
er development,  and  this  can  only  be 
done  by  keeping  the  colony  together 
till  they  hatch.  Just  enough  bees 
should  be  taken  from  the  swarm  to 
start  a  nucleus  with  the  old  queen, 
while  the  remainder  are  to  be  returned 
to  the  hive  from  whence  they  came. 
Now  if  there  is  any  available  hatching- 
brood  tha^  can  be  spared  from  other 
colonies  in  the  yard,  give  it  to  the  now 
queenless  colony  or  colonies  that  the 
desire  to  swarm  may  become  rampant. 
This  will  cause  the  workers  to 
guard  the  unhatched  queen-cells  from 
the  attacks  of  the  first  queens  that 
emerge  from  the  cells;  otherwise  they 
might  be  allowed  to  destroy  a  portion 
of  the  cells  were  the  weather  to  tiu-n 
cool  about  that  time.  An  entrance- 
guard  of  perforated  zinc  should  be  at- 
tached to  the  hive  to  prevent  the 
swarm  running  away  in  the  event  that 
other  matters  demand  your  attentio'i 
much  of  the  time  when  the  bees  do. 
This  treatment  insures  strong,  vigor- 
ous queens  whereas  if  the  colony  were 
broken  up  as  soon  as  the  cells  are  cap- 
ped, the  embrygo  queens  are  tumbled 
about  in  their  cells,  and  then  the  cells 
are  often  deserted  by  the  bees  on  cool 
nights  after  they  have  been  placed  in 
the  little  colonies  which  invariably  re- 
sults in  very  inferior  queens.  Bees 
that  do  not  have  a  desire  to  swarm, 
but  instead  are  devoted  to  home  in- 
terests, having  a  good  laying  queen, 
are  very  presistent  about  returning  to 
the  old  location.  In  such  cases  it  is 
almost  impossible  to  hold  the  older 
bee  with  the  nuclei  if  neighboring 
hives  are  close  to  where  the  parent 
hive  was  and  resemble  it  in  appear- 
ance. 

Tall  grass,  weeds,  or  little  sticks  of 
wood  placed  against  the  front  of  the 
hive,  in  fact  anything  that  obstructs 
the  entrance  somewhat,  is  a  great 
help,  for  it  causes  the  bees  to  turn  and 
mark  their  new  location  upon  leaving 
the  hive.  But  it  is  better  to  break 
the  tie  that  binds  them  to  home  and  its 
sweetness  before  any  artificial  increase 
is  made  in  crowded  apiaries. 

Wheelersburg,   O.,  April  12.  1904. 


Ill 


THE     PREVENTION     OF     IN- 
CREASE. 

By  C.  Theilmann. 

MUCH  has  been  said  and  written 
in  regard  to  methods  to  prevent 
the  increase  of  colonies.  I 
have  tried  a  number  of  these  witliout 
satisfaction,  but  during  the  past  eight 
or  ten  years  I  have  practiced  a  plan 
which  is  very  satisfactory  to  me.  It 
is  as  follows: 

By   way   of  preparation,    I   clip  one 
wing  of  each  queen  in  the  apiary  be- 


We  are  arranging  a  Honey  Dealers' 
Directory  for  continuous  publication 
in  these  columns.  If  you  buy  or  sell 
honey,  please  write  for  particulars. 


MR.  THEILMANN. 

fore  they  become  very  populous  in  the 
spring,  as  they  are  then  easier  found. 
This  prevents  the  escape  of  swarms, 
as  the  queens  cannot  fly,  and  they  are 
easily  picked  up  on  the  ground  as  they 
crawl  about  before  the  hives  when 
swarming.  They  are  caged  and  l;iid 
before  the  entrance  until  the  swarm 
comes  back,  which  it  will  do  as  a  rule. 
Even  if  four  or  five  swarms  cluster 
together,  they  will  separate  and  go 
back  to  their  respective  hives  if  the" 
queens  are  not  with  them.  Thp  caged 
queens  are  either  killed  or  left  at  the 
entrances    until    some   place    is    found 


112 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


June 


where  they  may  be  used  to  advautage. 
If  they  are  good  oues,  they  are  some- 
times left  at  the  entrances  two  to 
four  weeKs,  aud  then  introduced  to 
other  colonies  which  are  headed  by  in- 
ferior queens. 

Only  a  few  days  ago  a  queen  was 
introduced  successfully  which  was 
been  cared  for  at  the  entrance  of  a 
hive  from  the  lirst  until  the  twenty- 
ninth  of  July  and  the  yt)ung  daughter 
was  meantime  laying  briskly   within. 

On  the  seventh  of  eignth  day  after 
swarniiug  1  go  through  the  hive,  and 
as  a  rule  find  one  or  more  queen-cells 
hatched  out,  then  I  cut  out  all  the  re- 
maining cells;  or  even  if  none  are 
hatched,  I  cut  them  all  out  just  the 
same  and  lay  a  number  of  the  ripest 
oues  before  the  entrance  for  the  bees 
to  care  for  until  hatched.  The  "first 
to  hatch  enters  the  hive  and  becomes 
the  reigning  (lueen — killing  all  the 
young  queens  that  may  enter  after  she 
has  taken  possession. 

If  cells  are  cut  out  before  the  sixth 
or  seventh  day  after  swarming,  the 
workers  may  start  other  cells  from  the 
latest  lai'vae;  that  is,  the  youngest  lar- 
vae iti  the  hive. 

The  critical  time  is  when  the  young 
queen  takes  her  flight,  as  often  the 
bees  swarm  out  with  her  and  may  be- 
come mixed  up  with  other  swarms 
which  may  be  in  the  air  at  the  same 
time,  and  thus  all  may  escape  with  the 
young  queen.  However,  if  no  other 
swarms  are  out  at  the  time,  they  usu- 
ally go  back  to  their  own  hive  all 
right.  But  if  they  do  get  mixed  in 
this  way,  I  allow  them  to  cluster  and 
put  them  into  a  swarm-box  and  divide 
them  among  the  hives  from  which  they 
came.  If  I  am  doubtful  as  to  whetht-r 
any  one  lot  has  a  queen,  I  simply  give 
them  one  or  two  of  the  cells  cut  out,  as 
mentioned  in  the  foregoing,  and  of 
which  I  have  a  lot  on  hand  in  the  ap- 
iary at  swarming  time.  In  this  way 
there  will  be  but  few  queenless  col- 
onies in  the  yard  after  swarming  time; 
and  the  colonies  can  be  kept  strong, 
which  is  absolutely  necessary  for  the 
production  of  comb  honey. 

Theilmanton,  Minn.,  Aug.  ,3,   1003. 


THE  "AVESTERN  ILLINOIS' 


Our  offer  of  the  American  Farmer 
one  year  free  to  all  subscribers  M'ho 
pay  a  yenr  in  advance  for  The  Bee- 
Keeper,  still  holds  good. 


Report  of  April  Meeting. 
By  J.   E.   Johnson. 

THE  beekeepers'  society  that  was 
organized  in  Galesburg,  Ills., 
last  January,  met  in  the  coun- 
ty court  room  in  Galesburg  April  30th. 
To  broaden  the  scope  of  the  organiza- 
tion, the  name  was  changed  to  "West- 
ern Illinois  Bee-keepers'  Association." 
The  question  box  was  the  principal 
feature  of  the  meeting,  it  being  the 
best  way  to  draw  all  present  into  the 
discussion.  The  question  of  wintering 
was  pretty  thoroughly  discussed.  We 
have  had  a  very  hard  winter  on  bees 
and  an  exceptionally  backward,  cold 
spring. 

Reports  on  wintering  were  as  fol- 
lows: One  bee-keeper  had  last  fall 
seventy  colonies  in  chaff  hives,  winter- 
ed on  summer  stands  and  lost  all  but- 
seven.  It  was  thought  that  moisture 
collected  and  froze  and  closed  the  en- 
trances. This  man  was  an  up-to-date 
bee-keei)er  of  thirty  years  experience. 
One  inember  had  eleven  colonies  last 
fall  in  single  walled  hives  packed  with 
cushion  on  top.  No  other  protection 
except  good  wind-break.  He  left  en- 
trance three-eights  deep  open  clear 
across  the  hive  and  only  lost  two  col- 
onies. Nearly  all  lost  a  part  of  their 
bees.  I  myself  lost  nineteen  out  of 
fifty-five  colonies,  mostly  from  spring 
dwindling.  Only  lost  eight  or  nine  up 
to  April  1.  One  member  Avintered  six- 
ty colonies  in  cellar.  Set  them  out 
Felu-uary  6  and  had  three  weeks  of 
zero  weather  afterwards  and  only  lost 
seven  colonies:  but  they  became  pretty 
weak  from  spring  dwindling.  We  had 
no  warm  days  from  November  7  till 
February  5;  so  that  bees  had  not  a 
real  good  flight  for  nearly  three 
months 

.Judging  from  average  results  it 
would  seem  that  bees  must  have  con- 
siderable ventilation  even  in  extremely 
cold  weather. 

I  had  three  third  swarms  in  hives, 
a  La  Aikin.  two  Ideal  supers  of  eight 
frames  each,  and  they  came  through 
the  strongest  of  any  I  have.  One  was 
covered  with  newspaper  on  three  sides 
the  other  two  only  cushion  on  top  of 
frames.  Tliere  was  some  chance  for 
air  to  come  in   between   papers,   and 


1904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


113 


bees  could  move  easier  between  lower 
and  iiyyer  combs.  Owiug  to  early  cold 
weather  1  did  uot  cover,  but  oue-balf 
my  hives  with  newspapers.  Those 
covered  on  four  sides  suffered  most 
from  dysentery  and  dampness.  Eight 
colonies  in  cellar  came  out  well,  but 
lost  three  from  dwindling. 

I  have  concluded — judging  from  my 
experience  of  this  exceedingly  hard 
winter — that  I  shall  next  fall  cover  all 
hives  with  four  or  iive  thicknesses  of 
newspaper  on  east,  north  and  west 
sides  of  hive;  but  leave  south  side  with 
out.  I  live  on  a  hill  with  no  wind- 
break. We  have  not  known  that  there 
was  any  foul  brood  near  us,  but  one 
new  member  reported  that  he  has  had 
foul  brood  for  -fifteen  years  only  about 
eighteen  miles  from  Galesburg.  In 
fact  foul  brood  killed  all  his  bees  about 
ten  years  ago,  so  he  had  given  up  bee- 
keeping, but  last  year  bees  came  and 
took  up  their  abode  iu  his  hives  so  he 
now  has  sixteen  colonies.  Bees  showed 
no  sign  of  disease  last  fall  but  this 
spring  one  colony  shows  disease.  We 
shall  endeavor  to  wipe  out  the  disease 
if  possible. 

Our  meeting  was  very  interesting 
and  all  members  felt  well  repaid  for 
coming.  We  are  gradually  adding  new 
members,  in  fact  one  man  sent  mem- 
bership fee  and  asked  to  join  although 
he  lives  in  an  adjoining  state  ilowa). 
So  Ave  have  begun  to  feel  real  proud 
of  our  new  association.  Gatesbu'—  is 
a  town  of  about  20,000  population,  sev- 
eral railroads  and  several  suburban 
street  car  lines  so  that  people  can 
reach  that  point  conveniently.  We 
voted  to  join  the  National  Association 
in  a  body.  Onr  next  meeting  will  be 
at  the  court  house  on  the  third  Tues- 
day of  September,   litO-t. 

All  bee-keepers  within  reach  of 
Galesburg  should  attend.  All  are  cord- 
ially invited. 

Williamsfield,  111.,  May  10,  1904. 


ANTICIPATED  SW^ ARMING. 

By  Adrian  Getaz. 

WHAT  we  call  here  now  "brush- 
ed" or  "shook"  swarms  are 
called  in  Europe  "anticipated"' 
swarms.  Two  methods  have  been  in 
use  there  for  quite  a  number  of  years. 
The  first  is  called  anticipated  swarm- 
ing by  single  permutation.     It  is  ex- 


actly the  process  used  here  and  needs 
not  to  be  described.  The  second  is 
much  the  best  and  is  called  anticipated 
swarming  by  double  permutation. 

To  explain  it  as  clearly  as  possible, 
let  us  suppose  that  the  apiary  contains 
only   two    hives    and    an    unoccupied 
stand  thus. 
Hive  No.  1.  Hive  No.  2. 


Stand  No.  1.  Stand  No.  2.  Stand  No.  3. 

When  the  time  to  operate  comes  the 

hive   No.  2  is  placed  on  stand  No.  3. 

The  queen  and  all  the  bees  of  hive  No. 

1  are  driven  out  and  put  in  a  new  hive 
on  their  own  stand.  They  constitute 
a  swarm  just  in  the  same  condition  as 
those  made  by  single  permutation.  The 
hive  No.  1  thus  deprived  of  its  bees 
and  queen  is  then  placed  on  stand  No. 

2  and  receive  there  the  ifield  bees  of 
the  hive  No.  2.  We  have  then: 

Swarm  Hive  No.  1.  Hive  No.  2. 


Stand  No.  1.  Stand  No.  2.  Stand  No.  3. 

Eight  days  later  the  hive  No.  1  being 
without  queen,  will  have  a  number  of 
queen  cells.  It  is  then  put  on  stand 
No.  3  and  the  hive  No.  2.  brought  back 
to  its  place.     We  have  finally: 

Swarm.  Hive  No.  2.  Hive  No.  1. 


Stand  No.  1.  Stand  No.  2.  Stand  No.  3. 

Now  for  the  advantages  of  this 
method:  The  swarm  on  stand  No.  1  is 
in  the  same  condition  as  those  obtain- 
ed by  single  permutation.  But  the 
hive  No.  2  on  stand  No.  2  will  give  a 
much  greater  stn-plus  than  would  a 
forced  swarm.  It  has  had  a  field  force 
and  a  brood  nest  all  the  time.  Having 
not  to  rebuild  a  brood  nest  it  can  work 
in  the  surplus  boxes  much  more  than 
a  forced  swarm;  and  finally  the  ab- 
sence of  its  queen  during  the  eight 
days  that  the  brood  nests  were  ex- 
changed, has  killed  the  swarming  fe- 
ver completely. 

As  to  the  hive  No.  1.  now  on  a  new 
stand,  it  has  no  field  force,  has  lost  a 
large  number  of  emerging  bees  while 
it  was  on  stand  No.  2  and  will  requeen 
out  of  its  queen  cells  without  danger 
of  swarming. 

This  method  is  the  invention  of  Mr. 
De  Vignole,  of  Belgium.  I  might  add 
here  that  there  is  no  hunting  of  queen 
and  no  queen  cells  to  cut  out  when  us- 
ing it. 

Knoxvllle.  Tenn. 


Tell    others   of   your   successes    and 
failures  and  the  reasons. 


114 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


June 


PENNSYLVANIA       STATE       BEE- 
KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. 

Pursuant  to  a  call  for  a  convention 
of  tne  Bee-Keepers  in  i'euusylvauia  a 
number  of  persons  met  at  Williams- 
port  on  April  12,  and  organized  the 
Pennsylvania  State  Bee-Keepers'  As- 
sociation with  the  following  officers: 
President,  Prof.  H.  A.  Surface,  State 
College;  1st  Vice  President,  E.  E. 
Pressler,  Williamsport;  2ud  Vice  Pres- 
ident, W.  A.  Selser,  Philadelphia;  3rd 
Vice  President,  J.  N.  Prothero,  Du- 
bois; Secretary,  D.  L.  Woods,  Muucy; 
Treasurer,  E.  L.  Pratt,  Swarthmore; 
Executive  Committee,  Richard  D.  Bar- 
clay, State  College;  Charles  N.  Green, 
Troy;  Prof.  E.  2s.  Phillips,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia;  E.  A. 
Dempwolf,  York,  and  John  D.  Costello, 
Harrison  Valley. 

The  cheif  purpose  of  this  organiza- 
tion is  to  promote  Apiculture  in  Penn- 
sylvania and  it  is  to  be  accomplished  by 
efforts  made  along  the  following  lines: 
(1)  To  secure  legislation  for  the  pro- 
motion of  bee-keeping.  (2)  To  suppress 
the  diseases  of  bees,  especially  foul- 
brood,  by  legislation  and  by  the  ap- 
pointment of  a  competent  State  In- 
spector with  deputies  or  assistants.  (3) 
To  secure  and  promote  instruction  in 
bee-keeping  at  Farmers'  Institutes.  (4) 
To  secure  a  series  of  lectures  at  the 
normal  session  for  Farmers'  Institute 
Lecturers  to  be  held  in  Bellefonte  next 
October.  (5)  To  make  it  possible  for 
persons  to  obtain  instruction  in  api- 
culture at  the  Pennsylvania  State  Col- 
lege. (6)  To  induce  and  promote  in- 
vestigation and  experimentation  in 
apiculture  at  the  Pennsylvania  State 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station.  (7) 
To  induce  and  promote  investigations 
and  publications  by  the  Division  of 
Zoology  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  De- 
partment of  Agriculture.  (8)  To  en- 
force the  laws  of  Pennsylvania  against 
adulteration  of  honey.  (9)  To  secure 
laws  against  spraying  fruit  trees  while 
In  l)Ioom.  (10)  To  obtain  statistics  con- 
cerning bees  and  bee-products  within 
our  state.  (11)  To  enter  upon  a  cru- 
sade of  apicultural  erlucation  in  this 
State,  both  for  producers  and  consum- 
ers of  honey.  (12)  To  instruct  fruit 
growers  and  farmers  as  to  the  practic- 
al value  of  bees  as  fertilizing  agents 
for  their  plants,  and  to  show  the  fact 


that  they  are  wholly  beneficial  and 
never  injurious.  (13)  To  raise  the  rank 
oi  Pennsylvania  as  a  honey-producing 
fetate  irom  fourth  in  the  Ljnion  to  first, 
it  possible.  (14)  To  band  together  all 
the  bee-keepers  of  the  State  for  the 
purpose  of  good  fellowship  and  that 
strength,  which  is  to  be  obtained  only 
by  union.  (15)  To  make  it  possible  for 
all  persons  who  are  not  now  keeping 
bees  to  add  to  their  revenues  by  the 
production  of  honey,  and  to  increase 
both  the  quantity  and  quality  of  the 
honey  produced  in  this  state. 

The  Association  desires  the  name 
and  address  of  every  man  in  the  State 
who  has  one  or  more  colonies  of  bees, 
and  for  this  purpose  invites  persons  to 
correspond  either  with  the  President 
or  the  Secretary  statmg  the  number 
of  colonies  or  hives  kept,  and  giving 
statistics  as  to  the  amount  of  honey 
and  wax  produced  each  year.  The 
membership  fee  is  only  one  dollar  per 
year,  which  also  entitles  the  individual 
to  membership  in  the  National  Bee- 
Keepers'  Association,  and  gives  him 
special  protection  and  assistance  at 
any  time  it  may  be  required.  For  ex- 
ample^if  a  member  of  the  National 
Association  becomes  involved  in  liti- 
gation the  National  Association  will 
fiu-nish  expert  testimony  and  counsel 
such  as  may  be  necessary  to  secure 
equity  in  the  courts  of  justice. 

This  commendable  undertaking 
should  receive  a  large  membership, 
and  all  persons  interested  are  invited 
to  send  their  names,  addresses  and 
fees  to  the  secretary,  and  these  will 
be  registered  and  receipted. 

The  next  meeting  will  be  held  in 
Harrisburg  during  the  first  week  of 
December  when  several  papers  will  be 
presented  by  practical  and  expert  men 
bearing  upon  the  various  problems  of 
bee  culturists  in  our  State. 

Correspondence  is  earnestly  so- 
licited. 

H.  A.   Surface,  President, 
Harrisburg,  Pa. 
D.   L.   Woods,   Secretary, 
Muncy,  Pa. 


"The  sample  copy  of  The  Bee-Keep- 
er  came  to  hand  yesterday  and  it  is 
just  exactly  to  my  taste.  "^ — J.  J.  Eng- 
brecht. 


All  supplies  necessary  for   the  sea- 
son should  be  now  on  hand. 


1904.  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER 

W^IRING   FRAMES,   ETC. 


11[ 


By  Robert  H.  Smith. 

IN  THE  January  number  of  your 
valuable  magazine,  Mr.  Jameson 
tells  of  a  very  attractive  manner 
of  wiring  brood  frames.  I  bave  been 
picturing  to  myself  how  nice  it  would 
be  to  stand  in  the  shade  of  one  of  the 
grand  old  maples  back  of  the  house 
swarthed  in  a  fur  coat,  with  the  balmy 
March  breeze  gently  slipping  icicles  up 
and  down  my  spines  and  the  thermom- 
eter registering  zero  or  below.  So 
much  for  nonsense,  now  for  business. 
Mr.  .Jameson's  plan  is  indeed  an  ad- 
mirable one,  I  should  think  for  a  M^arm 
climate  like  California,  or  for  New 
York  either,  if  the  brood-frames  are 
wired  during  the  warm  months:  but 
nearly  every  bee-keeper  likes  to  get 
his    hives   ready     during     the     winter 


SMITH'S    WIRING    DEVICE. 

when  the  work  in  the  "yard"  isn't 
crowding  him.  I  think  my  plan  will 
ap])eal  to  such  as  these. 

I  have  a  small  table-like  contrivance 
the  exact  size  of  the  inside  of  a  brood- 
frame.  At  each  end  there  is  a  cleat 
nailed  which  lets  the  frame  slip  down 
just  half  way.  My  frames  are  staple 
spaced  and  for  the  Hoffman  frames 
these  end  cleats  would  have  to  be  cut 
away  to  allow  for  the  projections  om 
end  bars. 

Underneath  this  table-top  construct 
a  box  large  enough  to  hold  your  spool 
of  wire  when  lying  on  its  side.  Now 
hold  your  table  in  front  of  you  with 
the  box  at  the  right  hand  end  and  near 
the  corner  drill  a  small  hole.  A  slide 
floor  can  be  arranged  for  the  door  if 
you  like  to  keep  the  wire  from  falling 
out.  However,  mine  has  never  bother- 
ed me  in  this  way.  When  you  are 
ready  to  wire,  slip  your  spool  into  the 
box  so  as  to  unwind  from  the  top  side. 


thread  the  wire  through  the  small  hole 
■before  mentioned,  and  go  ahead. 

I  wire  my  frames  in  the  regular 
manner  and  drive  both  tacks  to  hold 
the  wire  after  the  frame  has  been  laid 
on  the  contrivance  that  1  have  de- 
scribed, the  frame  being  laid  on  with 
the  top-bar  from  me  and  the  tacks 
driven  in  the  right  hand  end-bar  in 
every  case. 

Have  a  system  and  you  will  be  sur- 
prised how  much  faster  you  will  get 
along  than  to  go  at  yoiir  work  hap  haz- 
ard. Folding  paper  trays  for  section 
cases  is  another  slow  job.  Try  having 
a  board  cut  slightly  smaller  than  the 
inside  of  your  shipping  cases,  fold  the 
paper  on  this  and  fasten  them  with 
sealing  wax  or  something  similar.They 
can  be  folded  up  during  the  winter  and 
packed  away  and  will  all  reaay  for  the 
fruit  bloom  honey  that  I  hope  you  will 
get. 

Brasher  Iron  Works,  N.  Y.,  March 
G,  1004. 


CYPRIANS  AND  OTHER  RACES. 


A  Reply  to  Dr.  Blanton. 
By  Arthur  C.  Miller. 

FROM  i^r.  Blanton's  article  in  the 
Bee-Keeper  for  May,  x  infer  that 
he  had  a  particularly  vicious 
strain  of  Cyprians.  On  the  other  hand 
I  have  what  may  perhaps  be  consid- 
ered a  particularly  tractable  strain. 
From  observation  of  the  race  I  believe 
it  is  more  variable  in  temper  than 
any  other  race  except  the  "blacks." 
In  all  parts  of  their  worK  the  race 
shows  great  uniformity,  variation 
seeming  to  lie  almost  wholly  in  tem- 
per. The  queens  are  remarkably  pro- 
lific, the  workers  are  excellent  honey 
gatherers,  rapid  and  uniform  comb 
builders  and  protect  their  home  from 
robbers  in  a  very  gratifying  way.  Pure 
Cypriiiiis  do  not  n^ake  attractive  comb 
honey,  but  for  producers  of  large  quan- 
tities they  can  not  be  excelled.  If  the 
race  should  be  bred  with  the  same  care 
and  selection  that  has  been  given  t© 
the  Italian,  I  believe  it  would  excel 
anything  we  now  have.  Perhaps  it 
might  be  necessary  to  introduce  the 
blood  of  some  race  wnich  capptd  the 
cells  whiter  in  order  to  improve  them 
in  that  respect,  just  as  ha,s  been  done 
with  the  Italians  to  improve  their  lay- 
ing and  color.    Such  admixture  is  »een 


116 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


June 


even  in  the  imported  Italians,  and  it 
is  usually  decidedly  to  their  advan- 
tage. 

I  do  not  believe  that  any  of  the  races 
in  their  purity  are  in  all  ways  suited 
to  all  persons  and  localities,  or  that 
any  one  of  them  is  an  all-purpose  bee. 

I  believe  the  quickest  advance  can 
be  seciu-ed  by  crossing  different  races 
and  strains,  and  acting  on  that  belief 
I  have  for  years  introduced  new  biooa 
into  my  apiaries.  I  began  with  a 
sti'ain  of  Italians  which  I  lilvs^d.  ^Alit-i. 


likely  to  be  in  an  undesirable  as  a  de- 
sirable direction. 

Blacks,  Cyprians,  Carniolans  ana 
Italians  all  have  points  of  excellence 
and  all  have  faults,  and  strains  of 
each  race  vary  so  that  it  is  unsafe  to 
extol  or  condemn  any  race  by  the  trial 
of  only  one  strain. 

While  my  article  on  the  use  of  smoke 
seemed  to  reflect  on  Dr.  Blanton's 
ability  in  manipulation,  it  was  not  so 
intended.  I  simply  used  his  record  of 
experience  with  the  Cyprians  as  a  text. 


MR.   WILLCUTT   IN    HIS   APIARV. 


ever  I  got  a  new  strain  that  showed 
promise  of  virtues,  I  crossed  them  on 
what  I  already  had.  Later  I  used 
Carniolans  and  still  later  Cyprians. 
The  latter  seem  to  be  the  strongest 
blood  of  all,  and  they  have  proved  tUt- 
most  valual)le  for  raising  the  gra^^i 
of  whatever  strain  they  were  crosseii 
with.  In  crossing  great  care  and  pains 
must  be  exercised  in  selecting  in  or- 
der to  secure  the  best  results,  for  var- 
iation induced  by  crossing  is  (piite  a» 


Dr.  Blanton  has  had  far  more  experi- 
ence in  handling  bees  than  I  have,  and 
I  have  great  i-espect  for  his  abilities; 
also  I  have  often  received  much  aid 
from  his  articles.  If  I  offended  him, 
I  beg  to  apologize. 

Providence,  R.  I.,  May  17,   1904. 


Do  us  the  kindness  to  always  men- 
tion The  Bee-Keeper  when  you  write 
to  any  of  our  advertisers. 


imn. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


117 


SMALL      PACKAGES      FOR      EX- 
TRACTED  HONEY. 

By  A.  E.  Willcntt. 

IN  biiildiiifi"  up  a  home  niarket  for 
extracted  liouey,  I  find  it  a  bad 
practice  to  sell  in  larse  packages 
to  the  consumer.  The  gallon  can  is  too 
large,   for  this  locality  at  least. 

I  sell  more  exti-acted  honey  in  quart 
Mason  cans,   than   in   any  other  pack- 


trouble  of  this  kind,  but  it  was  when  I 
failed  to  put  it  u|)  in  "proper  style." 
If  the  honey  is  put  in  the  cans  hot, 
and  the  covers  well  screwed  down,  I 
have  no  further  trouble  with  them, 
and  the  honey  does  not  "ooze  out  un- 
der the  covers'".  The  covers  some- 
times get  jammed  or  imperfect;  if 
such  covers  are  used'trouble  may  fol- 
low. 

In  the  past,  I  have  had  a  few  cus- 
tomers who  preferred  to  buy  honey  in 
gallon  cans;   I  suppose  on  account  of 


ANOTHER  MEW  OF  MR.   WILLCUTT'S    APIARY. 


age,  and  consider  it  one  of  the  best 
l>ackages  for  extracted  honey.  The 
pint  can  is  a  good  seller  but  costs 
nearly  as  much  as  the  quart  and  for 
this  reason  I  do  not  use  itas  a  regular 
package.  For  a  small  package  I  use 
tlie  .telly  tumbler  and  this,  too,  I  find 
to  be  a  good  seller.  And  if  properly 
put  up  will  not  leak. 

I  see  some  are  having  troul)le  with 
the  Mason  can  on  account  of  its  lealv- 
ing  honey.     I,   too.     have     had    some 


getting  it  a  little  cheaper.  Last  fall' 
1  called  on  one  of  these  and  tried  to 
sell  them  some  honey.  But  they  said, 
'"Xo,  I  guess  not,  I  think  we  have 
some  of  that  we  got  of  you  a  year  or 
two  ago."'  No  sale. 

Now,  I  think  that  if  I  had  sold  this 
l)arty,  only  a  quart  can  of  honey  at 
each  call,  I  would  still  be  selling  to 
them  in  "small  doses." 

A  feAV  such  cases  as  the  above  have 
fully  convinced  me  that  the  quart  can 


118 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


June 


is  a  large  enough  package  in  which  to 
retail  extracted  honey.  With  one  or 
two  exceptions,  I  find  that  where  peo- 
ple commence  eating  honey  in  a 
wholesale  way,  they  very  soon  tire  of 
it  and  ■R'ant  no  more,  for  a  while  at 
least 

Swift  River,  Mass.,  Feb.  18,  1904. 


HONEY  PLANTS. 

By  C.  S.  Harris. 

SHORTLY  after  becoming  interest- 
ed in  bees  I  made  quite  a  number 
of  experiments  with  the  seeds  ot' 
various  nectar  secreting  plants  and 
plants  and  weeds  from  the  north,  with 
the  hope  of  adding  to  the  natural  bee- 
inisturage  about  me.  Tliis,  so  far.  I 
have  not  succeeded  in  doing,  but  it 
may  be  of  interest  to  mention  some  of 
the  plants  tried  and  the  results. 

Sweet  clover  was  the  first  and  per- 
haps the  most  extensive  experimented 
with,  but,  while  it  seeded  itself,  it 
could  not  contend  with  the  natural 
growth  about  it  and  would  finally  be 
crowded  out. It  made  a  vigorous  growth 
on  our  hanimoclv  lands  nnd  even  on  the 
lighter  sand  made  a  fair  growth  of 
from  three  to  four  feet.  Unlike  its  hab- 
it north,  it  bloomed  here  the  first  sea- 
son. The  bees  gave  it  but  little  atten- 
tion. I  am  speaking  of  the  white  flow- 
ered. The  yellow  variety  grows  here 
naturally  in  abundance,  but  I  have 
never  seen  a  bee  on  it. 

Alfalfa  I  found  vei-y  difficult  to  get 
established,  owing  to  the  delicacy  of 
the  young  plants,  but  I  succeeded  in 
growing  several  beds  of  it  five  or  six 
feet  in  width  and  fifty  or  sixty  in 
length.  It  bloomed  nicely  and  the  bees 
worked  on  it  lightly  at  times.  It  died 
out  gradually  within  three  or  four 
years  from  the  time  of  planting. 

Of  catnip,  Simpson's  honey  plant, 
bornce  and  some  other  things.  I  suc- 
ceeded in  growing  a  few  plants,  but 
they  were  not  of  stronc  growth  and 
not  in  nuantity  enough  to  attract  the 
bees,  rieome  grows  well,  particular- 
ly on  hammock  soil,  and  is  a  generous 
yielder  of  nectar,  but  would  not  take 
care  of  itself  and  must  be  cultivated 
for  its  nectar  alone. 

MnstaT'd  and  seven-top  turnins  are 
of  free  crowth  on  hammock  land  r>tid 
the  bees  always  work  well  upon  fho 
bloom.  The  sunflower  does  finoiy 
soTne  seasons,  but  the  seed,  as  a  rule. 


does  not  fill  out  well,  although  the 
bees  work  faithfully  upon  the  blos- 
soms. 

Crimson  clover  made  a  line  growth, 
bloomed  freely  and  the  bees  worked 
strongly  upon  it.  I  hope  to  give  it  a 
more  extensive  trial  sometime  in  the 
future. 

Of  all  the  plants  I  have  tested  I 
think  perhaps  the  sunflower,  crimson 
clover,  buckwheat,  velvet  bean  and 
mustard  might  be  worth  cultivation 
for  their  nectar  in  connection  with 
their  crop  value  in  other  respects. 

I  have  tried  about  all  of  the  clovers 
and  so-called  clovers  and  think  the 
crimson  the  most  promising  here. 
White  clover  grows  and  seeds  itself 
to  some  extent  along  th(?  road  sides  in 
low  ground,  but  does  not  do  so  well 
in   the  field. 


Holly  Hill.  Fla.,  Nov. 


1903. 


The  "Irish  Bee  Guide''  is  the  Jiame 
of  a  new  work  on  apiculture  ,1ust  from 
the  press.  Its  aiithor  is  our  friend 
and  brother  editor.  Rev.  J.  G.  Digges, 
M.A.,  of  the  Irish  Bee  .lommal.  and 
member  of  the  examining  board  of  the 
Irish  Bee-Keepers'  Association,  com- 
posed of  experts.  The  work  comprises 
210  pages,  with  1.50  illustrations,  and  is 
the  most  exhaustive  treatise  on  api- 
culture ever  issued  in  that  country. 
We  have  not  yet  received  a  copy,  but 
are  anxiously  awaiting  its  arrival,  as 
we  are  familiar  with  Dr.  Digges'  en- 
tertaining and  instructive  style. 


The  St.  Croix  Valley  Honey  Produc- 
ers Association  was  recently  organized 
in  Wisconsin.  The  management  of  the 
new  organization  is  in  the  hands  of 
that  hustling  apiarist.  Leo  F.  Hane- 
gan,  of  Glenwood.  In  the  circular 
which  is  being  put  out  by  the  Associ- 
ation the  American  Bee-Keeper  is  said 
to  be  the  "l)est  bee  .iournal  for  the 
price  in  the  Ignited  States."  Thanks! 
We  hope  the  St.  Croix  boys  may  help 
us  to  make  it  even  better. 


June  is  here  and  we  are  now  ready 
to  "do  things". 


W.  M.  Gerrish,  R.  F.  D..  Eppinar.  N.  H., 
keeps  1  complete  supply  of  our  goods,  and 
Eastern  customers  will  save  freight  by  order- 
ing of  him. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  Co. 


■'M--M'>4>.M-^ 


THE 


Bee -Keeping  World 


staff  Contributors  :    F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ. 

Contributions  to  this  Department  are  solicited  from  all  quarters  of  the  earth. 


♦  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦MMMMM  ♦♦♦♦♦♦  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦MMMM  ♦♦♦♦♦♦» 


ENGLAND. 

"During  a  good  lioney  flow,"  says 
the  British  Bee-Journal,  "ten  thous- 
and bees  can  can-y  into  the  hive  one 
pound  of  honey  at  one  time.  During 
a  moderate  flow  it  may  take  40,000, 
and  where  the  flow  is  extra  good  per- 
haps some  less  than  10,000. may  do  it. 
We  calculate  20,000  to  be  the  aver- 
age." 

The  catkins  of  the  hazelnut  bush 
are  not  visited  by  bees  in  England,  so 
it  is  claimed  by  Skinner  in  British 
Bee-Journal.  It  is  so  in  North  Amer- 
ica, while  in  Germany  bees  gather 
pollen  from  them. 


By  using  a  regular  heating  stove  (coal) 
the  cost  of  heating  his  house  apiary 
of  G.3  hives  dxiring  a  pear  (from  Nov- 
ember till  June)  is  only  about  $5.00 
to  '$6.00,  says  Brossard.  He  saves 
about  50  cents  worth  of  honey  per 
hive  each  year.  Besides  bees  can 
reach  the  honey  in  a  warmed  bee- 
house,  no  matter  in  what  part  of  the 
hive  it  may  be.  They  never  starve 
as  long  as  there  is  a  drop  left  any- 
where. Bees  may  be  fed  successfully, 
no  matter  how  cold  it  is.  To  increase 
the  number  of  colonies  is  an  easy  mat- 
ter, etc.  He  predicts  this  method  of 
wintering  bees  to  have  a  promising 
future. 


NORWAY. 


Dr.  Astrup  found  many  different 
kinds  of  insects  as  high  north  as  the 
83rd  desTee  of  latitude.  Among  them 
he  found  honey  bees,  and  he  is  satis- 
fied that  there  are  bees  at  the  North 
Pole.  As  the  sun  does  not  go  down  in 
six  months  at  the  Pole,  he  thinks  that 
bees  would  have  a  splendid  opportun- 
ity to  gather  honey,  etc.,  from  the 
bloom.     (Central  Blatt.) 


GERMANY. 


The  winter  in  Germany  has  been  a 
very  mild  one. 


Very  best  "Table  Honey"  is  now  be- 
ing offered  in  Germany  in  the  form  of 
a  white  powder  under  the  name  of 
Fructln. 

Brossard  speaks  in  Thalz.  Bztg. 
very  enthusiastically  about  heating 
of  bee-houses.  As  is  well  known,  a 
very  large  number  of  apiaries  in  Ger- 
many are  house-apiaries,  which  can 
easily  be  warmed  up,  if  thought  of  ad- 
vantage. Renner  speaks  of  water  and 
steam   heating   as   being   satisfactory. 


Mentzer  has  the  following  to  say  in 
Pfilzer  Bztg.  about  the  management 
of  bees  before  swarming  time:  "At 
the  end  of  M^rch  or  beginning  of 
April  the  apricot,  cherry,  plum  and 
pear  send  out  their  olossoms.  Should 
the  weather  be  favorable  during  this 
time,  stimulative  feeding  is  super- 
fluous. It  is  a  good  plan  to  uncap  the 
sealed  stores  from  time  to  time;  it  will 
increase  the  activity'.  During  unfavor- 
able weather  every  colony  should  re- 
ceive one-fourth  to  one-half  quart  of 
diluted  honey  daily  in  order  that 
brood- rearing  may  go  on  uninteiTupt- 
edly.  The  greater  activity  has  also 
the  tendency  to  increase  the  warmth 
inside  of  the  hive,  which  is  beneficial. 
The  packing  should  not  be  removed 
too  early.  As  soon  as  a  colony  covers 
all  their  combs,  more  room  should  be 
given.  Great  care  should  be  e.'cercised 
in  giving  combs  in  the  center  of  the 
brood-nest.  The  beginner  better  not 
do  so.  During  the  applebioom  frames 
filled  with  comb  foundation  may  be 
given.  By  the  middle  of  May  many 
colonies  will  be  in  shape  to  take  advan- 
tage of  a  honey  flow,  but  they  should 
not  be  allowed  to  cast  swarms  thus 
early.  By  removing  a  few  combs  of 
hatching  brood,  swarming  may  be 
effectually  prevented.     By  the  help  of 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


120 

this  brood  all  colonies  can  thus  easily 
be  brought  to  a  state  of  full  strength. 
Should  a  colony  cast  a  swarm,  the 
queen  is  removed  aad  the  swarm 
allowed  to  go  back.  A  colony  thus 
treated  will  quickly  fill  up  their  combs 
with  honey.  When  the  locust  begins 
to  bloom  supers  should  be  put  on,  or 
combs  given.  Toward  the  end  of  the 
honey  season  .swarms  may  be  ac- 
cepted. But  they  will  have  to  be 
helped  from  other  colonies  in  shape  of 
brood  and  combs  in  order  that  they 
may  get  in  condition  for  winter. 

Schles.  Imborblatt  reports  that  five 
cases  of  honey  adulteration  have  late- 
ly been  .disposed  of  by  the  courts  in 
Berlin.  Two  men  were  fined  each 
500  marks,  three  dealers  each  50 
marks.—  Central  Blatt. 


June     11 


American  hive  will  find  more  and. 
more  friends  across  the  water.  Ger- 
stung  constructed  a  "hive  which  is  be- 
coming quite  popular!  Strauli  shows 
one  in  the  Bienenvater  of  December, 
which  he  thinks  is  a  vei-y  practical 
hive.  The  construction  is  shown  plain- 
ly in  the  accompanying  cut. 


AUSTRIA. 


Some   years   ago   a   rather  animated 
controversy    was    carried   on     in     the 


GREECE. 

The  honey  from  the  Mount  Hymet- 
tUfS  has  always  had  the  reputation  of 
being  the  finest  flavored  honey  in  all 
creation.  The  "Rodomeli"  "rose  hon- 
ey" has  also  been  noted.  It  is  pro- 
duced upon  an  island  along  the  coast 
of  Greece,  which  is  largely  covered 
with  wild  rose-bushes.  From  their 
bloom  the  bees  gather  a  honey  which 
is  very  aromatic  and  well  flavored. 
The  rich  Turks  in  Constantinople  are 
willing  purchasers  of  this  honey  and 
pay  a  high  price  for  it. — Breiden  in 
Leipz.  Bztg. 

F.  Grelner. 


BELGIUM. 


Nordlinger  Bztg.  as  to  the  advantages 
of  the  American  L  hive  over  the 
Dzierzon  hive.  Our  good  esteemed 
friend  Stachelhausen  on  one  side — 
Gex-man  bee-keepers  on  the  other. 
Since  then  the  American  system  has 
found  some  friends  in  the  German 
countries.  A  similar  battle  is  going 
on  in  Austria  at  present,  Dzierzon  on 
one  side,  still  adhering  to  his  hive  of 
half  a  century  ago;  Strauli,  of  Switzer- 
land, Alphonsus  and  others  on  the 
other  side.     It  would   seem   that   the 


Mr.  Van  Hay,  one  of  the  staff  editors 
of  the  Bucher  Beige,  has  an  article 
mentioning  something  about  the  length 
of  life  of  bees. 

He  says  that  the  population  of  a 
colony  is  renewed  tnree  or  four  times 
during  the  summer,  and  once  between 
October  and  the  middle  of  April.  Or 
that,  at  least,  the  field  bees  disappear 
during  the  winter,  and  when  the 
spring  comes,  only  tho,se  that  were 
young  when  the  winter  come  remain. 
A  colony  Italianized  the  26th  of  Sep- 
tember had  no  black  bees  left  the  llth 
of  April  following.  It  must  be  remem- 
bered that  in  Europe,  bees  are  win- 
tered out  of  doors,  and  that  while  the 
summer  in  Belgium  is  much  colder 
than  in  our  middle  states,  the  winter 
is  comparatively  mild. — Le  Bucher 
Beige. 

Mr.  A.  Gustin.  in  making  a  list  of 
apicultural  tools,  mentions  a  small 
looking  glass.  Sometimes  one  is  stung 
on  the  face,  and  with  thelooking  glass 
it  is  easy  to  see  the  sting  and  take  it 
out. — Le   Bucher   Beige. 


Mr.  Burkhardt.  in  the  course  of  some 
experiments  on  the  proper  size  of 
hives,  or  rather  brood  nests,  found  in 
large  hives  and  strong   colonies  from 


1904.  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  121 

40,000   to     01,000     cells     occupied   by  ALGERIA, 

brood.     This  last  figures  mean  a  daily 

egg  laying   of  nearly   three  thousand      Mr.  Bourgeois  gives  a  peculiar  pro- 
eggs. — Le  Bucher  Beige.  cess  to  prevent  swarming.     The  usual 

entrance  is  closed  and  another  one  is 

In  the  spring  of  1903.  Mr.  Wathelet,  established  between  the  body  of  the 
the  editor  of  the  Bucher  Beige,  found  hive  and  the  supers.  This  change  also 
several  of  his  colonies  weak,  and  had  induces  the  bees  to  work  in  the  supers, 
to  feed  them.  Une  of  the  strong  col-  It  might  be  well  to  say  here  that  the 
onies  began  to  rob,  and  consideral)le  Euopean  apiarists  work  exclusively 
trouble  followed.  Finally  Mr.  Wath-  for  extracted  honey,  and  that  the  pro- 
elet  put  an  empty  story  with  twelve  cess  might  not  be  as  successful  when 
combs  on  the  robbing  colony  and  fed  working  for  comb  honey. — L'  Apicul- 
them     vigorously,     as  soon     as     the  teur. 

combs  were  full,  they  were  given   to  

the    weak    colonies.      ^Vhile    fed.    the  PRANCE, 

colony  never  attempted  robbing.     The 

bees  were  undoubtedly  "too  busy."  Mr.   F.    S.    Gassner  has   invented   a 

machine  to  uncap  the  combs  of  honey 
Among  the  causes  of  starvation  dur-  to  be  extracted.  Curved  knives  are 
ing  the  winter,  some  cases  of  honey  placed  on  a  revolving  cylinder.  Above 
candled  solid  in  the  combs  are  men-  the  cylinder  is  a  frame  holding  the 
tioned.  Another  cause  Is  a  bad  dls-  comb  to  be  uncapped.  As  the  frame 
position  of  the  honey  In  the  hive,  ia  pushed  In  its  guides,  It  carries  the 
Occasionally  there  is  a  nan-ow  strip  comb  above  the  cylinder,  and  the 
of  honey  at  the  top  of  each  comb,  and  knives  cut  out  the  cappings,  which 
after  the  bees  have  consvimed  what  Is  drop  into  a  receptacle  below. — L'  Api- 
within  reach,  they  cannot  pass  to  oth-  culteur. 

er  combs,  if  the  weather  Is  too  cold. —  

Lie  Bucher  Beige.  Dio    bees    transport   eggs    from    pne 

cell  to  another?     The  qiiestion  is  yet 

Mr.  Ignotus,  in  a  contribution  on  debated.  The  Apiculteur  gives  three 
spring  feeding,  raises  the  question  of  instances  in  which  they  did.  In  the 
the  water  consumed  in  the  spring,  spring  of  1900  a  colony  belonging  to 
The  amount  needed  is  considerable.  Mr.  Harrault,  was  found  queenless. 
The  experiments  made  bv  Preuss  "Two  combs  of  brood  were  added.  A 
show  a  consumption  of  one-eighth  to  few  days  later  no  queen  cell  was 
one-fifth  of  a  gallon  per  dav.  He  esti-  found  on  these  combs,  but  two  with 
mates  that  to  bring  in  one  gallon  of  larvae  were  found  on  one  of  the  old 
water,  the  bees  have  to  make  at  least  eombs.  Why  the  bees  transported 
ten  thousand  trips.  Stimulative  feed-  the  eggs  on  the  old  comb  instead  of 
ing  should  be  made  with  very  thin  building  the  cells  on  the  combs  given 
honey  or  svrup.  Some  apiarists  add  a  is  a  mystery.  Mr.  Harrault  thinks  it 
little  bit  of  salt  to  the  feed.  The  rea-  may  be  because  the  combs  given  were 
son  for  It  is  that  very  often  the  bees  rather  on  the  outside  of  the  cluster 
are  seen  sipping  dirty  water  around  and  therefore  in  a  colder  place.  An- 
the  stables;  and  It  is  supposed  that  other  instance  quoted  is  that  of  a 
they  prefer  it  because  It  contains  some  queen  confined  for  a  few  days  in  a 
salty  substances.  Others  claim  that  wire  cage.  Some  brood  was  found  be- 
as  such  water  contains  organic  sub-  low  the  cage.  It  seems  that  the  eggs 
stances  similar  to  pollen,  the  bees  take  laid  by  the  queen  dropped  through 
it  for  that  reason.  It  may  be  noted  the  meshes  and  were  gathered  and 
in  connection  with  the  salt  question,  put  in  the  cells  by  the  bees.  The  third 
that  the  honey  and  the  bodies  of  the  case  is  that  of  an  apiarist  finding  a 
bees  contain '  only  an  insignificant  queen-cell  occupied  in  a  broodless  and 
amount  of  salt.  As  to  the  amount  to  queenless  colony.  The  cell  hatched  a 
be  fed,  one  pound  of  honey  for  two  queen,  so  it  was  not  a  case  of  laying 
weeks  is  enough  when  no  brood  is  workers.  After  scratcnlng  his  head, 
raised;  but  if  there  is  anything  like  or  rather  his  memory,  the  aforesaia 
an  amount  of  brood,  two  or  three  apiarist  remembered  that  one  day 
times  that  amount  every  few  days  may  while  working  in  the  apiary,  he  pusn- 
be  necessary.— Le  Bucher  Beige.  ed  under  the  frames  of  that  colony  a 


12: 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


June 


small  piece  of  broken  comb  containing 
a  few  eggs  and  some  honey.  Tliis  was 
don^  to  save  the  honey  and  at  the 
same  time  not  leave  it  in  the  open  to 
start  robbing.  Evidently  the  bees 
transported  one  off  the  eggs  in  a  suit- 
able place  to  raise  a  queen. — L'  Api- 
culteur. 


GERMANY. 


We  American  apiarists  are  not  the 
only  ones  pestered  by  the  fabrications 
of  mixtures  and  concoctions  of  glu- 
cose and  other  Ingredients  and  the 
selling  of  the  same  for  honey.  In 
Gtermany.  several  large  factories  of 
such  products  are  in  existence  and  sell 
openly  such  products,  calling  them 
artificial  honey  or  some  other  names. 
In  one  of  these  factories  an  unlucky 
cat  fell  In  one  of  the  cauldrons  where 
a  mixture  of  extra  fine  (?)  honey  was 
boiling.  Nobody  was  present  at  the 
time  of  the  "catastrophe".  When  the 
contents  of  the  cauldron  were  nearly 
entirely  taken  oiit  and  bottled  up,  the 
corpse  of  the  unfortuuc^te  cat  was  dis- 
covered. The  employees  of  the  estab- 
lishment held  an  inqiiest  over  the 
body,  and  decided  to  call  in  the  propri- 
etor. That  individual,  after  inves- 
tigating the  status  of  his  finances,  de- 
cided that  he  could  not  afford  to  lose 
such  an  amount  of  "extra  fine  honey." 
and  ordered  the  bottling  and  selling  to 
proceed.  An  iniunction  was  issued  to 
all  employees  to  keep  the  matter  a 
profound  secret.  Like  all  the  pro- 
found secrets,  the  affair  leaked  out. 
The  proprietor  was  prosecuted,  appre- 
hended and  condemned  to  a  fine  of 
.1,000  marks  ($1,250).  What  the  inward 
feelings  of  the  consumers  of  the  brand 
of  "extra  fine  honey"  may  have  been 
when  they  read  the  account  in  the 
newspapers  is  not  stated. — From  Le 
Eucher  Beige. 

Adrian  Getaz. 


YoDkers,  N.  Y.,  May  10,  1904., 
Dear  Mr.  Hill:— 

As  you  know,  the  past  winter  has 
been  very  "fierce"  up  North  and  my 
two  out-door  hives  lost  about  half  of 
their  population.  As  for  the  "Bug 
House,"  its  inmates  thrived  and  in- 
creased so  fast  during  March  and 
April  that  they  began  building  combs 
on  the  glass  sides,  for  want  of  room, 
so  I  transferred  the  whole  bunch  to  a 
regulation  hive  and  put  them  out  of 
doors,  and  at  present  they  are  "as  busy 
as  hatters"  on  fruit  bloom. 

Dickson  D.  Alley. 


West  Berne,  N.  Y.,  May,2  1904. 
Editor  Bee-Keeper:  — 

I  have  successfully  wintered  104  col- 
onies in  cellar— exactly  the  same  num- 
ber I  put  in  last  fall.  This  is  some- 
thing that  is  very  seldom  done  here.  I 
have  been  moving  bees  during  the  last 
week,  and  while  the  spring  has  been 
one  of  the  lowest  grade,  bees  are 
strong  and  in  good  condition,  though 
not  breeding  heavily  yet.  I  hope  dur- 
ing the  year  to  be  able  to  show  by  pen 
and  camera  some  of  my  methods  of 
keening  bees  and  rearing  queens.  I 
will  prove  that  the  best  queens  can  be 
reared  at  home  and  the  nuclei  wintered 
and  used  again  and  again,  without  rob- 
bing colonies  here  and  there  to  keep  up 
nuclei.  T  do  not  pretend  to  know  it  all, 
but  my  writings  will  be  founded  upon 
an  experience  of  15  years.  I  like  the 
American  Bee-Keeper  very  much. 
P.  W.  Stahlman. 


The  Bee-Keeper's  Review  thinks  it 
time  for  the  National  Association  to 
publish  each  year  a  stenographic  report 
of  its  meetings,  together  with  the  re- 
port of  the  genera]  manager,  for  dis- 
tribution among  the  memborship.  It 
Is  evidently  the  duty  of  the  associa- 
tion to  do  so  and  it  is  difPcult  to  im- 
agine any  valid  objection  to  the  pro- 
ject. Official  information  .--s  to  ihe 
work  of  the  association,  in  all  its  de- 
tails, should  be  furnished  each  mem- 
ber  as  promptly  as  expedient. 


A  Seasoned  Rustic.  —  The  young 
daughter  of  a  prominent  New  York 
■financier,  who  has  passed  most  of  her 
years  either  in  the  city  or  at  larcre  sum- 
mer resorts,  recently  paid  her  first  vis- 
it to  a  real  country  home.  She  was 
anxious  to  show  that  she  was  not  al- 
together Ignorant  of  riiral  conditions, 
and  when  a  dish  of  honey  was  set  be- 
fore her  on  the  breakf.ist  table  she 
saw  her  opportunity.  "Ah,"  she  ob- 
served. "T  see  you  keep  a  bee." — Har- 
per's  Weekly. 


1904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 

Swathmore      babies 
borned"  everywhere." 


123 
"being 


Tliere's  notbiug  baa  so  "good  as 
honey"  for  twice  the  '•money"  and 
glucose  is  worse  than  nothing  at  any 
price. 


PUBLISHED  MONTHLY. 

THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MANFG.  Co. 

PROPRIETORS. 
H.    E.    HILL,  -  EDITOR, 

FORT  PIERCE,  FLA. 


Terms. 

Fifty  cents  a  year  in  advance;  2  copies  S5 
cents;  3  copies  $1.20;  all  to  be  sent  to  one 
postoffice. 

Postage  prepaid  in  the  United  States  ant: 
Canada;  10  cents  extra  to  all  countries  in  the 
postal  union,  and  20  cents  extra  to  all  other 
countries. 

Advertisins:    Rates. 

Fifteen  cents  per  line,  9  words;  $2.00  per 
inch.  Five  per  cent,  discount  for  two  inser- 
tions; seven  per  cent,  for  three  insertions; 
twenty   per  cent,    for   twelve   insertions. 

Advertisements  m'ust  be  received  on  or  be- 
fore the  15th  of  each  month  to  Insure  inser- 
tion in  the   month  following. 

Matters  relating  in  any  way  to  business 
should    invariably    be    addressed    to 

THE  AMERICAN   BEE-KEEPER, 

Falconer,  N.  Y. 

Articles  for  publication  or  letters  exclusively 
for  the  editorial  department  mav  be  addressed 
to  H.   E.    Hill, 

Fort  Pierce,   Fla. 

Subscribers  receiving  their  paper  in  blue 
wrapper  will  know  that  their  subscription  ex- 
pires with  this  number.  W'e  hope  that  you 
will  not   delay   favoring   us   with   a   renewal. 

A  red  wrapper  on  your  paper  indicates  that 
yqu  owe  for  your  subscription.  Please  give 
the   matter  your  earliest   attention. 


Raising  bees  for  sale,  instead  of  run- 
ning for  honey,  would  probably  prove 
pro'titable  to  those  suitably  equipped, 
this  season. 


Mr.  E.  H.  Dewey,  of  Great  Barring- 
tou.  Mass.,  has  assumed  charge  of  Dr. 
Culver's  "Brookmede"  apiary,  and  will 
engage  in  the  rearing  of  queens. 


Prospects  for  good  prices  and  an  ac- 
tive market  for  the  honey  crop  in  pros- 
pect are  encouraging  to  those  who 
have  successfully  wintered  their  bees. 


Commenting  upon  Dr.  Blanton's  re- 
cent remarks  concerning  Cyprians,  a 
correspondent  says:  "A  premature 
grave  await  the  man  who  persists  in 
trying  to  earn  a  living  with  Cyps." 


INIr.  Henry  Reddert.  of  Cincinnati, 
has  recently  invented  a  section  press 
by  the  use  of  which  two  sections  are 
squarel.v  put  together  at  one  operation. 
The  inventor  says  it  works  to  perfec- 
tion. 


Hives  for  the  reception  of  swarms 
should  be  kept  in  the  shade.  Bees  dis- 
like a  hot  hive:  and  newly-hived 
swarms  frequently  abscond  as  a  result 
of  this  oversight  upon  the  part  of  the 
bee-keeper. 


To  those  unaccustomed  to  its  use,  a 
generous  taste  of  pure,  well-ripened 
honey  is  the  best  advertisement  possi- 
ble. The  "taste'  is  what  leads  to  the 
habitual  use  of  any  commodity  or  lux- 
ury.    It  don't  pay  to  be  stingy. 


("omi)laints  of  honey-dew,  which 
were  formerly  so  frequent,  are  now 
seldom  heard. 


A  favorite  topic  with  apiarian  writ- 
ers of  the  eighties  was,  "The"  Coming 
Bee."  However,  nothing  of  great  im- 
portance has  "come."  during  the  past 
fifteen  years  or  so.  If  it  has.  its  land- 
ing has  been  unobserved. 


The  poorest  salesman  in  the  world 
might  be  one  of  the  most  successful 
producers  of  honey.  Both  branches 
should  be  directed  by  competent 
hands;  and  it  is  difficult  to  say  which 
of  the  two  is  the  more  important. 


It  is  said  that  a  specimen  of  honey 
from  Trebizond.  gathered  from  the 
rhodoendron  ponticum,  which  is  com- 
mon in  that  vicinity,  was  sent  in  1844 


124 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


June 


to  the  Zoological  Society  of  London, 
and  in  1859  its  poisonous  qualities 
were  still  retained. 


Tlie  Pacific  States  Bee  Journal  cites 
as  Its  authority  for  the  statement  that 
a  Honolulu  bee-keeper  produced  300,- 
000  pounds  of  honey  in  a  season  from 
200  colonies,  the  last  annual  report  of 
the  National  Bee-Keepers'  Association. 
There  are  a  number  of  things  in  that 
report  which  should  be  revised  before 
reproduction. 


Mr.  E.  M.  Storer,  who  returned  from 
Cuba,  as  recently  noted  in  these  col- 
umns, and  purchased  an  apiary  at  Wa- 
basso.  Fla.,  writes  that  he  will  not 
get  honey  enough  for  breakfast  from 
the  saw  palmetto  this  year.  He  is  now 
making  inquiry  as  to  rates  for  ti-ans- 
porting  bees  to  Cuba.  During  the  past 
poor  season  in  Cuba,  Mr.  Storer  took 
from  900  colonies  ten  thousand  gallons 
of  honey  and  eleven  hundred  nuclei. 
It  appears  that  Cuba  is  still  in  the 
race. 


Perhaps  no  other  question  is  more 
often  asked,  in  regard  to  apiculture, 
than,  "Does  bee-keeping  pay?"  A  hard- 
er question  would  be  difficult  to  imag- 
ine. Does  store-keeping  pay?  Yes  and 
no.  Under  the  same  conditions  either 
is  profitable  to  certain  persons.  Under 
the  same  conditions  neither  is  profit- 
able to  others.  Some  succeed  where 
otliers  fail.  Some  fail  where  others 
would  have  succeeded.  It's  so  the 
world  over,  in  all  brnnches  of  industry 
and  commerce. 


The  Modern  Farmer  and  Busy  Bee 
makes  the  following  pertinent  com- 
ment, with  reference  to  the  National 
Association  and  its  doings: 

Let  the  membership  have  a  report  of 
the  annual  meetings,  advertise  honey 
everywhere,  promote  the  general  inter- 
ests of  the  industry,  go  after  adulter- 
ators, get  laws  passed  for  the  promo- 
tion of  the  industry,  see  that  bee-keep- 
ing sets  proper  recognition  at  the 
hands  of  all  fair  associations,  county, 
state  and  nation. 


From  a  recent  editorial  in  the  Amer- 
ican Bee  Journal,  it  appears  that  the 
old  Cotton  hive  fake  is  again  being 
worked.      Lizzie   must   have    been    hi- 


bernating, and  but  recently  awakened; 
but  her  schemes  to  extort  money  from 
the   ambitious,    though    unwary    bee- 
keeper will  doubtless  fall  short  of  the 
success    with    which    they    met    "'some 
twenty  years  ago."  Bee  fixtures  with 
which   the   name   "Cotton"    is   in    any 
way  associated   have   about  them   an 
unsavory  odor  in   the   nostrils  of  the  I 
practical   apiarist.      It  would   be  well  j 
for   the  uninitiated   to   "fight  shy''  of  | 
Cotton   goods   until    their    history   has  j 
been  investigated.     We  have  for  some 
time  had  an   article  in  hand,  by  Mr. 
E.  F.  Atwater,  Boise,  Idaho,  in  regard 
to  this  hive,  which  is  well  known  in 
his   locality.     We  hope   to   publish   it 
next  month. 


Editor  Root,  of  Gleanings,  thinks  we 
need  have  no  fear  as  to  the  results  of 
the     iiopular     advertisement,     "better 
than  honey  for  less  money."    There  is  ! 
no  fear  as   to  bee-keepers,   or   others  i 
who  are  familiar  with  the  excellence 
of  honey  as  a  food,  but  it  is  the  mil- 
lions of  others   who  know  practically 
nothing  of  honey  who  will  be  duped; 
and  their  experience  with  the  glucose 
in  cans  may  bar  the  way  to  the  intro- 
duction of  honey,  pure  and  wholesome. 


The  time  to  clip  a  laying  queen  is 
the  moment  you  find  her.  The  plan  of 
keeping  all  queens  clipped  enables  the 
operator  to  control  swarms  and  to 
identify  his  queens. 


If  a  hive  contains  a  clipped  queen, 
have  some  exterior  mark  which  to  the 
eye  of  the  apiarist  means,  "Clipped 
Queen".  Then,  if  the  record  shows  the 
date  upon  which  she  was  clipped  a 
case  of  supersedure  will  oe  readily 
recognized  by  a  sight  of  of  the  young 
queen. 


Those  who  labor  so  vigorously  to 
proclaim  the  obstacles  with  which  the 
publicatian  of  a  bee  journal  is  fraught 
and  consequentl.v  advise  so  earnestly, 
against  others  embarking  in  the  field, 
we  have  never  known  to  observe  the 
fact  that  the  most  beautiful,  and  one 
of  the  most  valuable  .iournals  in  the 
world  is  comparatively  new  in  the 
field:  nor  the  additional  fact  that  the 
.iournal  having  by  far  the  largest  cir- 
culation on  the  whole  list  of  bee  jour- 
nals. Is  by  no  means  the  oldest.  The 
adage,    "there's    always    room    at   the 


LI  104 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


125 


lip-  applies  as  well  to  apiarian  jour- 
uilism  as  to  auy  other  business,  and 
iK're  is  ample  room  for  improvement 
n  any  and  all  tbe  bee  papers.     They 
lie   all    successful    in    one   particular, 
uul   that  is    the   success    with    which 
Jicy  escape  the  seal  of  perfection.  The 
.Vinerican  Bee-Keeper    sees    opportun- 
ities for  the  man  who  has  the  capital 
uid  ability  to  overshadow  everything 
i|iiow  in  the   field,  in  this  line,  and  it 
I  would  welcome    his    advent,    heartilj'. 
i  We  ask  not  that  the  earth  and  the  full- 
I  luess  thereof  shall  be  set  apart  for  our- 
!  selves. 


Iveeper,  and  we  hope  to  have  a  very- 
complete  list  of  dealers  and  producers 
constantly  under  this  heading.  Better 
advertising  means  better  prices  and  a 
wider  distribution  of  our  ijroduct. 

If  you  deal  in  honey,  or  if  you  pro- 
duce honey  for  the  market,  you  are  in- 
vited to  patronize  this  department  and 
thus  keep  your  business  before  the 
public. 


OUR  QUEEN  DIRECTORY. 

The  increasing  popularity  of  our 
Queen-Breeders'  Directory  is  attested 
by  the  increasing  patronage  it  re- 
ceives. Prospective  buyers  of  choice 
queens  are  invited  to  consult  this  de- 
partment; and  breeders  of  responsi- 
bility everywhere  are  invited  to  tell 
our  readers  what  they  have  to  offer, 
through  the  Directory.  Good  adver- 
tising is  the  parent  of  profitable  bus- 
iness. 


A  HONEY  DEALER'S  DIRECTORY. 

For  the  information  of  honey  pro- 
ducers, and  as  a  means  of  effecting  a 
more  general  distribution  of  our  pro- 
ducts, as  well  as  enabling  dealers  to 
keep  their  business  before  the  produc- 
ing fraternity.  The  American  Bee- 
Keeper  has  undertaken  to  establish,  as 
a  regular  department  in  its  columns, 
a  "Honey  Dealer's  Directory."  In  in- 
augurating this  special  service  we 
shall  endeavor  to  include  only  reliable 
firms,  and  to  arrange  them  in  order. 
by  States,  to  facilitate  ready  reference. 

Two  nonpareil  lines  will  be  allowed 
for  each  announcement,  which  must 
run  one  full  year.  The  charge  will  be 
uniformly  $1.2.5  for  12  months.  Addi- 
tional words,  not  to  exceed  50  may  be 
used  at  12  cents  each  for  the  full  year. 
or  one  cent  a  word  per  month. 

This  department  is  intended,  not  only 
for  those  who  deal  in  honey,  but  Ks 
purpose  is  to  serve  as  a  publicity  medi- 
um for  producers  who  sell  in  quan- 
tities. 

The  numerous  inquiries  received  .«!t 

this  office,   from    those  having   honey 

*   for  sale  bears  evidence  of  the  necessity 

for  some  such  a  department  in  the  Bee- 


l^HK      ROCKY      MOUNTAIN 
JOURNAL  SOLD. 


BEE 


Just  as  we  were  going  to  press  with 
the  May  edition  of  the  Bee-Keeper,  the 
following  letter  came  to  hand: 

Boulder,  Colo.,  April  25,  1904 
My  Dear  Mr.  Hill:  — 

I  have  just  sold  the  plant,  subscrip- 
tion list,  good  will,  etc.,  of  the  Rocky 
Mountain  Bee  Journal  to  P.  F.  Adels- 
bach.  editor  of  the  Pacific  States  Bee 
Journal  and  manager  of  the  Central 
California  Honey  Producers'  Associa- 
tion. The  two  journals  will  be  merged 
and  published  under  a  new  and  broad- 
er name  and  will  aim  to  serve  the  in- 
terests of  the  bee-keepers  of  the  entire 
region  of  the  eastern  slopes  of  the 
Rockies  to  the  Pacific  coast. 

My  reason  for  lefting  go  is  that  my 
main  business  (honey  production)  has 
now  grown  so  large  as  to  leave  no  time 
for  side  issues.  It  Tiad  become  a  case 
of  "too  many  irons  in  the  dire." 
Fraternally  Yours, 

H.  C.  Morehouse. 

Thus  we  have  to  record  the  demise 
of  one  of  the  most  sprightly,  practical 
and  neat  bee  journals  that  have  ever 
been  published  in  the  United  States; 
and  while  we  sincerely  wish  Mr.  More- 
house abundant  success  as  an  apiarist 
we  deeply  regret  his  retirement  from 
the  editorial  arena. 

Brother  Adelsbach  is  now  getting 
out  a  very  instructive  journal,  of  spec- 
ial interest  to  Pacific  Coast  bee-keep- 
ers; and  if  he  can  maintain  the  pace 
set  by  Mr.  Morehouse,  he  has  before 
him  a  great  field.  0\ir  sincere  wishes 
for  success  are  with  him. 


THE  SULPHUR  CURB  FOR  BEE- 
PARALYSIS. 
In  the  May  Bee-keeper  was  pub- 
lished an  extract  from  the  Southland 
Queen,  wherein  the  editor  of  that 
iournal  stated  that  neither  Mr.  Popple- 


126  THE    AMERICAN 

tou  uor  tlie  Bee-Keeper  iiad  giveu  tlie 
vvoi-lu  auyinmg  iu  regard  to  tiie  tteat- 
meut  or  paralysis  tliat  was  uot  kuowu 
tweuly  years  ago.  Tiie  luiiowmg  ex- 
cerpt IS  troiu  uieauiugs  tor  April  iu, 
wliicii  came  to  liaud  just  atter  our 
forms  tor  .uay  liad  closed: 

"Mr.  O.  O.  I'oppietou,  or  Stuart,  Fla., 
wlio  gave  to  ttie  world  ttie  nrst  suc- 
cessful method  of  curing  bee-paraly- 
sis, by  meaus  of  powdered  sulphur, 
has  probably  had  as  good  au  opportun- 
ity of  studying  this  peculiar  disease, 
which  has  hitherto  baifled  all  efforts 
at  cure,  as  any  other  man  in  the  Uni- 
ted States,  in  the  March  issue  of  the 
American  Bee-Keeper  he  confirms  an 
opinion  that  has  been  expressed  many 
a  time,  that  bee-paralysis  is  hered- 
itary, or,  rather,  he  goes  on  to  state 
that  the  "disease  seems  to  be  much 
more  prevalent  in  certain  strains  or 
families  of  bees.  At  least  four  times 
in  the  last  ten  years  I  have  had  to  des- 
troy utterly  certain  queens  and  all 
their  daughters,  nearly  all  cases  in  my 
apiary  being  confined  to  these  partic- 
ular bees.  Certain  queens  seem  to 
transmit  the  germs  of  the  disease 
through  queen  daughters  to  their  pro- 
geny.' . 

"He  observes,  further,  that  'colonies 
which  hive  the  disease  one  season  but 
recovered  without  treatment  of  any 
kind,  are  much  more  liable  to  have  the^ 
disease  next  season.'  And  again,  'If 
is  the  old  bee,  the  field  worker,  that 
dies.' 

"It  may  be  interesting  to  mention  at 
this  time  that  others  have  followed 
^  Mr.  Poppletou's  method  of  treatment 
with  entire  success,  which  is  nothing 
more  nor  less  than  sprinkling  the  in- 
fected combs,  then  repeating  the  treat- 
ment a  week  or  so  later,  and  again  if 
necessary." 

Th©  above  extract  is  from  the  most 
widely  circulated  apiarian  journal  in 
the  world,  and  one  of  the  most  ably 
and  carefully  edited.  Gleanings  evi- 
dently appreciytes  the  fact  that  the 
subject  under  discussion  is  one  of  vi- 
tal importance  to  bee-keepers,  and 
therefore,  in  consideration  of  frater- 
nal interests,  gracefully  acknowledges 
the  value  of  Mr,  Poppleton's  letters, 
as  published  in  the  American  Bee- 
Keeper.  In  this  respect  Gleanings  dif- 
fers radically  from  the  Southland 
Queen,   which   appears   to   think   well 


BEE-KEEPER. 


June 


of  everyone,  excepting  those  who  fail 
to  imbibe  all  the  fine-spun  theories 
which  take  rise  in,  and  ovei^flow  from 
Beeville,  Texas. 

The  point  which  we  are  accused  of 
w^orking  unfairly  to  make,  is  simply 
the  fact  that  bee-paralysis  may  be 
cured  by  one  or  two  applications  of 
sulphur  over  the  bees  and  combs  in- 
fected. This  fact  we  have  demonstra- 
ted upon  several  occasions  during  the 
past  seven  or  eight  years.  Mr.  Atch- 
ley's  theory  is  virtually  that  bee-par- 
alysis is  simply  a  case  of  sour  stomach 
or  heartburn.  If  such  were  the  case, 
any  outward  application  would  hard- 
ly affect  it^a  dose  of  soda  would 
doubtless  be  necessary- 


HENRY  ALLEY  TAKES  A   BRIDE. 

Someone  has  sent  us  the  following 
newspaper  clipping  relating  to  a  re- 
cent romance  in  which  figured  the  ven- 
erable queen-breeder  of  Massachus- 
etts, whom  all  will  wish  much  happi- 
ness: 

Wenham,  Mass.,  May  14. — The  Bee- 
man  of  Wenham  sat  in  an  old  rustic 
chair  in  the  garden  of  his  pleasant  lit- 
tle farm  house  on  the  shady  side  of 
Larch  rd.,  surrounded  by  budding  li- 
lac and  syringa  bushes.  The  air  was 
sweet  with  the  fragrance  of  cheery 
blossoms  overhead,  and  the  bees  hum- 
med busily  to  and  fro  fr®m  the  cherry 
tree  to  some  near-by  maples. 

A  short  distance  away  the  Beeman's 
wife,  and  bride  of  seven  days,  was 
putting  Qut  some  pansy  plants.  She 
was  a  pleasant,  healthy  looking  wo- 
man, past  middle  age,  and  her  hair 
was  slightly  gray. 

As  he  noted  all  these  things  the  Bee- 
man  smiled,  his  eyes  twinkled  and  his 
face  ligiited  up.  The  Beeman's  hair 
was  gray  also.  He  was  69  years  old, 
though  still  strong  and  active  as  a  man 
of  50.  Constant  outdoor  work  had 
kept  him  young  and  looking  after  his 
boos  from  whom  he  had  learned  many 
lessons,  was  so  pleasant  a  task  that  his- 
mind,  also,  had  remained  fresh  and 
kindly.  He  was  of  broad  minded,  phil- 
osofthic  disposition  and  besides  Bee- 
man  had  formerly  been  chief  of  police 
of  the  town  for  many  years  and  was 
still  one  of  its  leading  citizens. 

The  Beeman's  real  name  was  Henry 
Allev,  he  had  lived  in  the  snug  farm- 


1904  THE    AMERICAN 

iiuube  Oii  ojuicu  lu..,  ior  oo  ^eura  aiiu 
nau  KejjL  uees  -iu  ^euiis.  xiua  uiereuy 
uangs  u  xjreuy  Aew  iiiugiuuu  rumauce, 
lor  i[  was  Liie  uees  who  uaa  urouyiiL 
lo  iiiiii  Lue  cuiiieiy  ui'iue,  seen  seiung 
out  yuusies  lu  tue  gurueu. 

As  lieemuu  ui  w  euiiaui,  Mr.  Alley 
liau  uecome  Kuovvu  an  over  tUe  Uuuea 
Stales  anu  in  «^anaua,  too.  ne  raisea 
Dees  uoi  to  sen  tneir  iiouey,  uut  tor 
tue  queens  or  ureeaing  oees,  tne 
source  or  every  liive.  lie  liad  studied 
tne  naoits  or  Dees  tor  so  long  ana 
Knew  so  inucn  aDout  tnem  tnat  lie  at 
last  succeeded  in  raising  a  specimen  of 
queen  mat  would  breeu  working  uees 
w  iiicn  wouiu  yrouuce  more  noney  tnan 
any  otner  Kina  known  to  bee  raisers. 
He  aiso  wrote  tour  oooks  on  bee  cul- 
ture wnicii  were  widely  read  by  those 
mteresteu  in  tne  subject.  Tiiroagn  tiis 
booKs  and  tiis  bees  tiie  Beeman  be- 
came famous  and  nis  •■Golden  Adel ' 
queens  began  to  be  sent  far  and  wide. 

Among  tlie  persons  who  sent  in  an 
order  tor  one  of  ins  queens  was  a  Mrs. 
Margaret  Ball  of  Vernon  Center,  N.Y., 
anotner  fair  country  town  such  as 
Weubam.  Mrs.  Ball  was  a  widow  and 
raised  bees  because  she  liked  them 
and  liked  to  keep  busy  at  out-door 
work.  Her  family  is  prominent  in  Ver- 
non, and  her  son,  the  Rev.  J.  C.  Ball, 
has  recently  been  appointed  president 
of  Kenka  (college. 

It  was  three  years  ago  that  the  Bee- 
man  sent  the  queen  to  \'ernon  Centre. 
In  November,  1902,  he  received  this 
letter : 

"I  owe  you  a  debt  of  gratitude  be- 
cause were  it  not  for  the  progeny  of 
the  Golden  Adel  queen  I  would  not 
hav»  an  ounce  of  surplus  honey.  As 
it  was  I  have  125  pounds  while  my 
neighbors  have  none. 

"Mrs.  Margaret  Ball." 

As  a  matter  of  fact  it  was  a  selfish 
desire  that  developed  the  romance. 
Honey,  125  pounds.  Thew!  The  Bee- 
man  wanted  that  bee  back.  He  wrote 
and  told  Mrs.  Ball  so,  but  she  was  loth 
to  sell  the  queen.  This  entailed  more 
letters,  and  through  them  the  persons 
became  better  acquainted  and  their 
correspondence  more  friendly. 

The  Beeman  was  a  widower,  and  his 
eldest  daughter,    Addie,   a   woman   of 


BEE-KEEPER,    f,  127 

after  all,  are  not  sufficient  company 
for  a  man. 

The  bees  told  him  many  things 
about  his  correspondent.  For  one 
thing,  he  thought,  they  tell  me  that 
Mrs.  Ball  has  a  good  disposition,  for 
she  likes  bees  and  bees  like  her,  and 
they  never  take  to  anyone  that  isn't 
pleasant  and  good.  Then  again,  she's 
industrious  or  she  wouldn't  be  keeping 
them,  and  I  know  she  must  have 
learned  profitable  lessons  from  the  pa- 
tient, busy  creatures. 

I  like  bees. 

Bees  like  Margaret  Ball. 

Then,  why  shouldn't  I  like  Margaret 
Ball? 

His  thoughts  were  constantly  run- 
ning in  this  form. 

And  so  the  letters  on  bee  culture  de- 
veloped into  letters  of  love,  for  the  ro- 
mance, not  as  novelists  would  have  one 
believe,  end  when  the  young  earl  with 
Arabella,  pressed  to  his  w^aistcoat, 
dashes  off  in  his  royal  carriage,  and 
some  hearts  remain  sweet  and  roman- 
tic even  after  gray  hairs  and  wrinkles 
have  come. 

When  on  May  4  the  Beeman  started 
for  New  York  State,  the  people  of 
Wenham  wondered,  for  it  was  one  of 
the  few  times  in  many  years  that  he 
had  gone  on   a   distant  visit. 

On  May  5  there  was  a  splendid  wed- 
ding at  the  Ball  house  in  Vernon  Cen- 
tre, N.  Y.  The  Rev.  J.  C.  Ball,  son  of 
the  bride,  Presbyterian  minister  and 
president  of  Kenka  college  came  up 
from  Newark,  N.  .1..  to  officiate.  The 
Beeman  of  Wenham  was  in  his  happi- 
est mood,  and  the  pleasant  face  of 
Beewoman  of  Wenham,  late  of  Ver- 
non centre,  actually  shone. 

On  May  6  the  pair  arrived  at  the 
Wenham  home,  and  it  was  today  that 
they  were  found  by  a  Record  reporter 
seated  in  the  garden  as  described,  the 
picture  of  simple  happiness. 

"I  wanted  to  get  that  bee  back," 
said  the  Beeman,  smiling  as  the  in- 
sects hummed  about  him  and  lighted 
on  his  shoulders,  "and  instead  I  got 
my  wife." 


ADTERTISING  HONEY. 


Successful  advertising  is  a   modern 
science,  and  the  chief  exponent  of  this 
science  is  Printers'  Ink,  a  weekly  mag- 
azine published     in  New     York.       In 
about  80,  kept  house  for  him.  But  bees,    every  issue  Printers'  Ink  publishes  a 


128 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


June 


number  of  "ads'-  clipped  from  various 
periodicals  throughout  the  world.  It 
then  proceeds  to  indicate  the  merits 
and  weak  points  of  each  example. 
In  a  recent  issue  the  following  appear- 
ed as  an  example  of  good  work.  "Good" 
because  it  told  the  prospective  buyer 
something  of  interest  and  something  to 
attract  in  regard  to  the  goods  which 
he  was  invited  to  try.  The  suggestion 
is  for  a  retailer's  playcard,  of  course. 
Different  wording  would  be  required 
for  a  newspaper  ad.  However,  it  ap- 
pears to  be  "up  to"  the  bee-keepers  of 
the  country  to  extend  sales  through  the 
medium  of  the  public  press,  as  is  done 
with  all  other  commodities: 


We  don't  believe  the  bees 
can  produce  a  more  luscious, 
a  more  perfect  table  delicacy 
than  this 

Strained  Honey 
we've  just  received.     It's  the 
kind   that   took   first  premium 
at  the  World's  Fair,  it  is  far- 
famed  for  its  goodness. 

15  Cents  a  Lb. 
is  cheap  for  it — but  it's  all  we 
ask. 


CUTTING  A  BEE   TREE. 

From  Forest  and  Sti-eam. 

I  PEEL  considerably  stuck  up.  That 
phrase  is  not  to  be  taken  as  slang, 
and  I  am  sure  I  have  seen  too 
much  of  the  world  to  feel  as  though 
I  was  anybody  in  particular.  I  have 
merely  been  "cuttin"  a  bee  tree"  and 
getting  some  of  the  wild  honey  and 
some  of  the  things  that  go  with  it. 

I  have  noted  from  time  to  time  what 
Forest  and  Stream  contributors  have 
been  giving  us  about  bee  hunting — 
the  last  article  I  remember  being 
signed  by  Hermit.  I  would  like  to 
have  his  full  name,  also  his  photo- 
graph, so  when  I  meet  him  I  will  be 
sure  that  I  have  got  him.  I  am  a  her- 
mit myself,  but  I  never  monkeyed  with 
a  bee  tree  until  today,  and  I  followed 
some  of  Hermit's  directions. 

Hermit  writes  a  very  graphic  and 
pleasing  epistle.  No  doubt  he  told  all 
he  knew  about  bees,  and  something 
more — but  there  is  a  quantity  of  wis- 
dom and  knowledge  that  is  evasive.  T 
am  quite  positive  just  at  present  that 


Hermit  let  some  of  it  get  away.  He 
may  know  something  about  some  bees 
but  if  he  will  call  around  in  this  vicin- 
ity and  chop  down  a  bees'  nest  he  will 
get  some  points.  ;j 

You  see  it  was  this  Avay.  I've  been  ! 
hankering  after  honey.  I  wanted  to 
get  some  myself,  and  besides  I  wanted  * 
a  few  bees  to  help  fix  up  ranch  with. 
Forest  and  Stream  talked  about  bees 
and  honey,  and  when  they  commenced 
coming  to  my  garden  this  spring  I 
commenced  to  pike  around  after  'em. 
I  fixed  up  some  bait  and  got  'em  to 
coming  to  it  all  right  and  then  I 
watched  them. 

I  got  several  courses.  In  fact,  as 
near  as  I  could  tell,  everyone  of  them 
had  a  course  of  his  own.  Once  in  a 
while  one  of  them  would  go  up  the 
creek,  so  I  went  up  the  creek.  After 
chasing  them  for  two  or  three  days  I 
had  coursed  them  about  300  yards. 
Then  they  began  to  go  wild.  Most  of 
them  would  fill  up  on  my  bait,  make 
two  or  three  false  motions,  then  zigzag 
around  a  few  times,  shoot  up  toward 
the  sky  and  neither  I  nor  my  dog 
could  tell  where  in  thunder  they  made 
for.  Finally  I  left  my  bait  out  and 
there  came  a  big  rain  and  destroyed 
it,  then  I  quit  for  awhile.  I  was  not 
completel.v  discourage<l,  but  I  thought 
I  was  losing  my  interest  in  bees. 

One  day  a  man  came  by  my  shack. 
I  don't  see  a  man  very  often  in  this 
vicinity,  so  I  had  to  talk  with  him. 
After  a  chat  he  said: 

"Wal,  how  is  it  ye  never  cut  that 
bee  tree  u]>  thar?" 

"Well,"  I  replied  diplomatically,  "it's 
most  too  far,  and  in  a  kind  of  a  bad 
place  to  get  at." 

"Fur,"  said  he;  "why  it  ain't  more'n 
a  quarter,  and  right  alongside  of  the 
creek  and  the  road.  Couldn't  be  in  a 
better  place." 

"Oh.  you  mean  that  dead  white  oak 
near  the  crossing?" 

"Naw,  I  mean  the  big  black  oak, 
with  the  top  broke  off.  near  where 
some  feller  has  been  makin'  cedar 
posts." 

"Oh,"  I  said  in  a  sneaking  kind  of  a 
tone.  "I  calculated  to  cut  that  tree, 
but  I  thought  I  had  better  wait  and 
give  the  bees  a  chance  to  get  some 
honey."  T  added  conscientioiisly.  to 
myself,  "besides.  I'll  be  blasted  if  I 
knew  that  tree  had  bees  in  it." 

"Wal."    said    the    man.    "I'd    cut    it 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


129 


now  iiud  save  the  bees;  they'd  have 
time  to  fix  up  for  winter.  They're 
worlciu'  sti-ong  now." 

Then  my   visitor  commenced  telling 

bee  yarns.     As  soon  as  he  left  I  went 

up  to  see  that  ti'ee.    Sure  enough,  they 

were  there,   "bb"ilin'  out  it  by  haud- 

:  fuls,''     about    thirty     feet    from    the 

I   ground.  The  ti'ee  was  just  out  of  my 

•  road  up  the  creek,  and  I  had  passed  it 

about  l,lOO    times.     Then    this    man, 

passing  it  for  the  first  time,  had  seen 

!  the  bees  at  once.     Such  is  life. 

It  was  a  large  tree,  about  two  feet 
in  diameter,and  I  thought  it  was  sound 
at  the  base.     It  looked  like  a  big  con- 
j  tract  for  me  to  cut  it  down  alone  and 
I  waited  two  or  three  weeks  for  some 
one  to  come  along  who  would  like  to 
take  a  liand.     Finally  a  party  of  sur- 
veyors came  along.     I  asked  them  if 
they  would  like  some  honey.     Oh,  yes, 
they  would.    I  told  tliem  about  how  by 
cutting  the   tree   we   could   get  some. 
J  Well,  they  rather  guessed  they  didn't 
ij  have  time — besides  they  didn't  under- 

stand  cutting  bee  trees  nohow. 
I  I  then  worked  three  days  and  made 
1  two  first-class  bee  gums,  with  two 
compartments  and  numbers  of  frames, 
air-holes,  etc.  I  still  look  with  pride 
on  what  I  consider  a  neat  job. 

When  I  had  finished  the  gums  I 
couldn't  wait  any  longer.  I  wanted 
honey  bad — having  been  entirely  out 
of  it  for  several  years — and  besides  I 
wanted  to  see  those  bees  in  my  new 
hives,  working  for  me  on  the  ranch. 
I  got  all  the  things  together  that  I 
exjiected  to  need,  took  my  axe  and  a 
bee  gum  and  went  up  to  see  the  bees. 
I  reached  their  front  yard  about  4 
o'clock  in  the  afternoon.  I  could  see 
from  the  ground  that  they  were  still 
'  open  to  business.  It  was  one  of  the 
warmest  days  we  have  had  this  year, 
and  I  think  bees  are  lively  on  warm 
(lays. 

I  figured  on  the  tree  and  thought  I 
could  chop  it  down  in  an  hour  and  a 
half,  and  I  wanted  to  monkey  with  the 
bees    about   sundown.     I    thought    it 
would    be    pleasant    in    the    coll    of 
the      evening.        The      tree     was     in 
?  the  shade  of   some  tall   pines,   and   I 
'   went  to  work.    I  chopped  a  good  sized 
'    chip  and  listened.     I  didn't  hear  any- 
thing buzz  or  whizz,  so  I  kept  on.  The 
bpps  acted  civilly — they  were  so  higli 
ni)  in  the  world  they  simply   ignored 
people  on  the  ground.    But  they  didn't 


know  I  was  going  to  take  'em  down  a 
little.  The  tree  was  hollow  to  the 
ground  and  when  I  had  blocked  out 
one  side  I  saw  1  had  time  enough. 

I  rested  awhile.  1  sort  of  liked  to 
rest  while  chopping,  which  is  a  good 
deal  like  labor.  I  never  labor  without 
resting  whenever  I  have  a  good, 
square  chance.  But  the  mosquitoes 
were  so  bad  I  thought  I  might  as  well 
chop,  and  before  I  expected  it,  I  cut 
through  into  the  hollow  so  far  that  the 
tree  began  to  crack,  then  it  squeaked 
tottered  and  fell  with  a  crash — an 
hour  ahead  of  time.  There  was  a  gran- 
ite boulder  thirty  feet  from  the  tree. 
The  bees  seemed  to  be  doing  business 
in  the  honey  line  about  thirty  feet  up. 
I  calculated  to  drop  them  on  the  bould- 
er, which  would  open  up  their  works 
in  all  probability  without  further  use 
of  the  axe.  The  tree  fell  on  the  bould- 
er and  burst  like  a  pumpkin.  The  en- 
tire domicile  of  the  bees  was  opened 
up  to  the  public,  which  was,  at  this 
place,  two  dogs  and  myself.  I  sneaked 
up  a  few  feet  to  see  how  things  looked 
before  I  put  on  my  prepared  armor, 
which  I  had  near  by. 

I  didn't  get  a  very  good  view,  I  came 
away  too  soon.  The  air  all  at  once 
seemed  to  be  one  solid  whiz,  and  was 
so  full  of  bees  that  my  dogs  gathered  a 
lot  of  them  without  trying,  and  went 
off  as  though  they  wanted  to  get  away 
from  there.  One  of  the  dogs  was  a 
small,  short-haired  dog,  and  very 
black.  When  he  left  I  could  see  he 
was  full  of  little  yellow  spots  that 
looked  like  spangles.  They  were  bees 
and  they  clung  to  him  as  though  they 
had  never  seen  a  dog  before.  The  dog 
acted  as  though  he  never  had  bees  be- 
hind before. 

I  secured  my  armor  and  prepared  for 
action.  I  had  only  a  small  piece  of 
mosquito  bar  which  I  fastened  to  my 
straw  hat,  letting  it  festoon  my  face. 
I  drew  on  a  hickory  overshirt  (wearing 
it  like  a  bushwhacker,  outside  my 
pants),  then  I  tied  a  string  around  my 
ankles,  one  around  my  waist  and  a 
handkerchief  around  my  neck;  finally 
I  drew  over  my  hands  a  pair  of  cotton 
socks  for  gauntlets,  and  I  was  ready. 

I  approached  the  bees  gradually.  I 
got  in  among  them  and  they  couldn't 
do  a  thing  to  me.  But  didn't  they  try 
it  though!  I  never  was  the  center  of 
so  much  attraction  in  my  life,  and  I 
had  no  notion  till  then  how  much  rack- 


130 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


June 


et  a  few  milliou  bees  can  make.  I  peer- 
ed into  tlieir  works  in  the  tree,  now 
spread  wide  open.  I  never  saw  sucli  a 
combination  of  lioneycomb  and  mad 
bees. 

I  tlieu  got  my  hive,  buckets  and 
pans,  and  went  to  work.  Just  about 
this  time  the  sun  came  out  from  be- 
hind a  tree  and  shone  as  though  it 
had  concentrated  all  its  rays  to  focus 
on  my  operations.  The  bees  got  mad- 
der and  crazier.  One  of  the  dogs  had 
come  back  as  near  as  he  dared,  and  as 
luck  would  have  it  he  flushed  a  skunk 
so  close  by  that  the  animal  pervaded 
all  the  atmosphere  that  was  not  full  of 
bees.  I  got  entangled  in  grapevines 
and  thought  1  could  hear  a  rattle- 
snake, but  the  bees  made  such  a  whiz 
I  could  only  guess  at  it.  I  grabbed  all 
the  honeycomb  I  could  see  through 
my  veil,  put  it  in  the  buckets  and  had 
everything  full  and  more  left.  My 
gauntlets  became  loose  and  a  few  bees 
got  into  them,  my  veil  leaked  and  let 
in  a  few,  then  a  small  contingent  got 
into  my  hair! 

Now  did  those  bees  behave  like 
those  Hermit  tells  about?  Had  the 
"little  wariors  of  a  moment  ago"  found 
they  were  to  be  robbed,  and  quit  in 
despair  to  fill  up  on  honey?  Not  a  bit 
of  it. 

My  hat  felt  as  if  full  of  red-hot  barb- 
ed wire,  and  my  hands  as  though  they 
well  full  of  red-hot  fish  hooks.  If  any- 
one had  come  along  then  he  could  have 
seen  it  was  my  busy  day,  and  he 
would  have  gone  right  away  about  his 
business  somewhere  else. 

As  soon  as  I  could  get  out  of  the 
grapevines,  rocks  and  brush,  I  made 
for  the  creek  and  away  from  where  I 
seemtd  to  be  as  fast  as  I  imagined  a 
man  with  only  two  legs  to  work  with 
could  progress. 

Talk  about  things  with  strings  on! 
All  the  things  I  had  tied  on  to  keep 
the  bees  out  were  now  keeping  them 
in!  Some  of  the  bees  I  took  with  me 
wanted  to  get  out,  but  they  couldn't, 
so  they  stayed  with  me — stuck  right  to 
me.  When  I  did  get  out  of  my  extra 
duds,  every  bee  was  simply  stupified 
with  victory  and  satiated  with  re- 
venge. I  sat  down  to  recover  my 
senses  and  incidentally  to  pick  the 
stingers  out  of  myself  that  the  bees 
seemed  to  have  had  no  further  use  for. 
My  dog  seeme<l  to  have  thought  I  was 
insane,  and  he  even  risked  the  bees  to 
get  around  somewhere  where  I  could 


fall  over  him  in  my  mad  career.  Now 
he  condoled  with  me,  and  I  asked  him 
if  he  had  ever  made  one  of  such  a  pair 
of  fools  before  in  his  life.  He  looked 
skeptical  and  was  non-committal,  but 
between  his  experience  with  the  bees 
and  his  traffic  with  the  skunk  he  seem- 
ed to  feel  humiliation  too. 

I  left  for  home  with  half  a  barrel 
of  honey-comb,  two  or  three  pounds 
of  honey,  a  swelled  head,  a  smarting 
anatomy,  lots  of  experience  and  a  fond 
hope  to  get  a  chance  at  Hermit  and  th« 
bee  editor  of  Forest  and  Stream  come 
day. 

The  foregoing  account  is  merely  the 
record  of  the  first  day's  operations 
with  bee  tree  No.  1.  I  never  quit  an 
enterprise  that  I  undertake  so  long  as 
I  think  the  rest  is  easy,  and  that  I 
have  had  the  worst  of  it.  I  went  back 
to  those  bees.  I  spent  the  next  two 
days  with  them,  and  dreamed  of  them 
the  intervening  nights.  There  are 
about  eight  gallons  of  them,  and  at 
this  writing  I  have  them  on  my  prem- 
ises. I  brought  them  down  in  two 
loads,  corked  up  in  a  keg  and  a  box. 
Whether  I  have  one,  two  or  three 
swarms  I  don't  know  yet.  I  poured 
them  out  and  drove  them  into  my  new 
gums  with  a  switch.  I  divided  them 
as  near  as  I  could. 

Today  they  all  seemed  to  be  bavins 
a  time  of  it  themselves  to  get  straight 
ened  out  and  reorganized.  They  ge1 
out  on  the  piazza  to  their  new  homes 
and  march  from  one  hive  to  the  other 
They  stand  on  their  heads,  kick  at  th( 
sky  and  biizz  and  counter-march.  ] 
don't  know  what  their  plans  are,  bul 
I  do  know  they  haven't  quit  fighting 
back.  They  have  not  missed  a  rea 
sonable  chance  to  sting  me.  It  is  said 
that  when  they  sting  they  die;  if  this 
is  true  and  they  keep  at  me,  they  wil 
all  commit  suicide.  There  are  only  s 
few  million  of  'em  left.  Before  I  en 
my  next  bee  tree  I  will  wait  unti 
I  can  wear  an  ordinary  shaped  hat 
Meantime  I  will  think  up  some  on  th( 
subject.  Ransacker. 

P.  S. — I  suppose  there  are  apiarians 
who  think  they  know  all  abopt  bees 
and  have  written  books.  To  the  nov 
ice  I  offer  my  advice  free,  viz.;  don'i 
try  to  read  up  on  bees.  You  woulr 
never  get  it  all.  Either  cut  a  be< 
tree  and  hive  a  swarm  or  two.  or  b( 
content  with  patent  honey  made  ou1 
of  sorghum  and  nitro-glycerine.      R. 


ONE-HALF  INCH  SPACE  ONE  YEAR  ON  IHIS  PAGE,  $3.00. 


HE  A.   I.  ROOT  CO.,  MEDuvA,   OHIO. 
Breeders   of   Italian  bees   and  queens. 


QUEENS  from  Jamaica  any  day  in  the 
year  Untested,  66c.;  tested,  $1.00;  se- 
ect  tested,  $1.50.  Our  queens  arc  reared  from 
:he  very  finest  strains.  Geo.  W.  Phillips,  Sav- 
La-Mar  P  0.,  Jamaica,  W.  I.  (5-5) 


r-  H.  W.  WEBER,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO 
^»  (Cor.  Central  and  Freeman  Aves.) 
jolden  yellow.  Red  Clover  and  Carniolan 
jueens,  bred  from  select  mothers  in  separate 
apiaries. 


WZ.  HUTCHINSON,   FLINT,  MICH. 
Superior     stock     queens,     $1.50     each; 
queen  and   Bee-Keepers'   Review   one  year  for 
inly  $2.00. 

QUEEN  BEES  are  now  ready  to  mail. 
Golden  Italians,  Red  Clover  three-banded 
queens  and  (^amiolans.  We  guarantee  saf( 
arrival.  The  Fred  W.  Muth  Co.,  51  Walnut 
St.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


lOHN  M.  DAVIS,  SPRING  HILL,  TENN., 
>-'  sends  out  the  choicest  3-banded  and  gold- 
en Italian  queens  that  skill  and  experience 
can  pro(Juce.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  No 
disease. 


QUIRIN,  the  Queen  Breeder,  has  an  ex- 
ceptionally hardy  strain  of  Italian  bees; 
they  wintered  on  their  sumAer  stands  within 
a  few  miles  of  bleak  Lake  Erie.  Send  for 
Free  Circular.     Belleviue,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


1^     CO., 


CENTURY  QUEEN-REARING 
.  (John  W.  Pharr,  Prop.)  BER- 
CLAIR,  TEXAS,  is  breeding  line  golden 
and  3-banded  Italian  and  Carniolan  qi'eens. 
Pricesare  low.  Please  write  for  speciAl  in- 
formation  desired. 


c  WARTHMORE  APIARIES,  SWARTII- 
>^  MORE,  PA.  Our  bees  and  queens  are 
the  brightest  Italians  procurable.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed.  Correspondence  in  English, 
French,  German  and  Spanish.  Shipments  to 
all  parts  of  the  world. 


C  LONE  BEE  CO.,  SLONE,  LOUISIANA. 
kJ  Fine  Golden  Queens.  Leather-Colored 
Italians   and    Holy    Lands.      Prices    low. 


I  B.  CASE,  PORT  ORANGE,  FLA.,  has 
J  •  fine  golden  Italian  queens  early  and  late. 
Workers  little  inclined  to  swarm,  and  cap 
their  honey  very  white.  Hundreds  of  his  old 
customers  stick  to  him  year  after  year.  Cir- 
cular free. 


p  EO.  VANDE  VORD,  DAYTONA,  FLA. 
^  Breeds  choice  Italian  queens  early.  All 
queens  warranted  purely  mated,  and  satisfac- 
tion  guaranteed. 


M 


OORE'S  LONG-TONGUED  STRAIN 
of  Italians  become  more  and  more  popu- 
lar each  year.  Those  who  have  tested  them 
know  why.  Descriptive  circular  free  to  alL 
Write  J.  P.  Moore,   L.  Box  1,  Morgan,  Ky.     4 


THE  HONEY  AND  BEE  COMPANY, 
1  BEEVILLE,  TEXAS.  Holy  Land,  Car- 
niolan, Cyprian,  Albino  and  3  and  5-banded 
Italian  queens.  Write  for  our  low  prices. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed. 


pUNIC    BEES.      All    other    races    are    dis- 
carded after  trial   of  these  wonderful  bees. 
Particulars    post    free.      John    Hewitt    &    Co., 
Sheffield,   England.  4 


HONEY  DEALERS'  DIRECTORY 


^^Under  this  heading  -will  be  inserted,  for  reliable  dealers,  two  lines  one 
year  for  $1.25.  Additional  words,  12c  a  word.  No  announcement  can 
be  accepted  for  less  than  one  year  at  these  rates.„igl 


OHIO. 

COLORADO. 

C.    H.    W.    WEBER,    Freeman    and    Central 
Aves.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio.      If    for    sale,    mail 
sample,    and  _  state    price    expected    delivered 
in   Cincinnati.     If  in  want,   write  lor  prices, 
and    state    quality   and    quantity    wanted. 

(5-5) 

We    are    always    in    the    market    for    extracted 
honey,   as  we   sell  unlimited  quantities.    Send 
us    a    sample    and    yooir    best    price   delivered 
here.      THE    FRED    W.    MUTH     CO.,    51 
Walnut    St.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio.                (5-5) 

THE  COLORADO  HONEY  PRODUCERS 
ASS'N,  1440  Market  St.,  Denver,  Colo. 

ILIilNOIS. 

R.  A.  BURNETT  &  CO.,  199  South  Wate 
Street,    Chicago.                                          (5-S) 

HOXEY  AND  BEESAVAX 
MARKET. 

Denver,  May  17.— The  supply  of  comb  honey 
is  exhausted,  and  the  demands  very  light  now, 
though  we  could  handle  some  small  consign- 
ments of  No.  1  white  comb  to  good  advan- 
tage at  present.  We  quote  our  market  today 
as  follows:  Extracted,  1%  to  7  3-4.  Beeswax, 
26  to  30c. 

Colorado    Honey    Producers'    Assn. 


Kansas  City  May  18. — The  demand  ex- 
ceeds the  supply,  and  from  the  way  honey  is 
now  moving  the  old  stock  will  be  all  cleaned 
up  by  the  time  the  new  crop  arrives.  We 
quote  today:  Fancy  white  comb,  $2.75;  No. 
1,  $2.50.  Extracted  is  dull  at  5  to  6c.  Bees- 
wax,  30c.  C.    C.    Clemmons    &    Co. 

Toronto,  May  18. — Ontario  has  lost  30  per 
cent,  of  her  bees,  and  there  is  some  talk  of 
higher  prices  next  season  for  honey.  The 
supply  is  still  abundant,  with  fair  demand. 
We  quote  our  market  today  as  follows:  Comb, 
$1.50  to  $1.75  per  dozen.  Extracted.  6  to  8c., 
according  to  quality.  Beeswax  30  to  32c. 
E.    Grainger  &    Co. 


New  York,  May  17. — Comb  honey  very 
cfuiet  and  dark  grades  or  anything  but  fancy 
is  in  no  demand.  The  supply  of  honey  is 
large.  We  quote  our  market  today  as  fol- 
lows: Fancy  comb,  13c.;  No.  1.  12c.;  am- 
ber, 10c.  Extracted,  white,  fiyz^. ,  amber,  5  to 
5^/^c.     Beeswax,    30c. 

Hildreth    &  Segelken. 


Buffalo,  May  16. — Fruit  hurts  the  sale  of  all 
grades  of  honey  and  we  cannot  encourage 
shipments  here  unless  shinpers  want  their 
honey  sold  low.  The  supply  is  moderate  and 
the  demand  very  light.  We  quote  as  follows 
today:  Comb,  7  to  12c.,  as  to  quality.  Ex- 
tracted, 6  to  8c.     Beeswax,  28  to  32c. 

Batterson    &    Co. 

Denver,  April  19. — The  supply  of  strictly  No. 
1  honey  is  small,  with  fair  demand.  We  quote 
today  as  follows:  No.  1  comb,  in  cases  of 
24  sections,  $2.50  to  $2.75  per  case.  No.  2, 
$2.25  to  $2.40.  Extracted,  6  3-4  to  7V4  for  No. 
1  stock.  Beeswax  is  always  m  demand,  and 
we  quote  today,   26  to  30c. 

Colorado    Honey   Producers'    Assn. 


Boston,  May  14. — ^The  demand  for  honey  _: 
extremely  ligtit^ — almost  nothing — and  supplie 
are  heavy  for  this  time  of  year;  our  price' 
are  therefore  largely  nominal.  We  quote 
fancy  white,  15  to  16c. ;  A  No.  1,  14  to  ISc.  am 
No.  1,  14c.,  with  no  call  for  under  grades 
Extracted,    6   to  7c. 

Blake,    Scott   &   Lee. 

Toronto,  April  27.— The  supply  of  honey  i 
still  abundant  and  the  market  not  very  brisk  j 
The  demand  at  retail  is  fair.  We  quote  ou 
market  today  as  follows:  No.  1  conil),  pe 
case,  $1.75;  No.  2,  $1.50;  culls,  $1.25.  Extracted 
eVi  to  7J^c.     Beeswax,  30  to  32c. 

E.   Grainger  &.    Co. 

Dublin,  May  3. — Last  year's  supply  is  abou 
exhausted  and  we  quote  today  1  pound  sec 
tions   at    9/-   per   dozen. 

O.    &   R.    Fry. 


Cent-a=Word  Columni 

FOR  SALE— A  Hawkeye,  Jr.,  Camera  com-' 
plete.  Uses  both  film  and  plates.  Cost  $3.00, 
will  sell  with  leather  case  for  J.3..50  cash. 
Address  Empire  Washer  Co.,  Falconer,  N. 
Y. 


A  TANDEM  BICYCLE  (for  man  and  lady) 
cost  $150,  in  first-class  condition,  was  built  tc 
order  for  the  owner.  Tires  new.  Will  sell 
for  $25  cash.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Ad 
dress  J.  Clayborne  Merrill,  130  LakevieW: 
ave.,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


AGENTS  WANTED  to  sell  advertising  nov- 
ties,  good  commission  allowed.  Send  foi 
catalogue  ancf  terms.  American  Manufac- 
turing Concern,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


WANTED— To  exchange  six-month's  trial 
subscription  to  The  American  Bee-Keeper 
for  20  cents  in  postage  stamps.  Address, 
Bee-Keeper,   Falconer,  N.  Y. 


LEOTA  APIARY.— Pure  honey  for  sale  al 
all  times.  Thos.  Worthington,  LeotaJ 
Miss.  411 


Bee  Supplies  Exclusively 

,  A  complete  line  of  Lewis'  fine  Bee    I  Bingham's   Original   Patent  Smokers 
supplies.  and  Knives. 

Dadant's  Foundation.  I  Root's  Extractors,  Gloves,  Veils,  etc. 

3ueen  Bees  and  Nuclei  in  Season.    In   fact   anything    needed    in   the    "Bee- 
jine,"  at 

FACTORY  PRICES  HERE  IN  CINCINNATI 

yhere  prompt  service  is  yours,  and     freight  rates  are  lowest.     Special  dis- 
;ount  for  early  orders.     Send  for  cata  log. 

FHE  FRED  W.  MUTH   COMPANY 

(We're  Successors  to  Nobody,  nor  Nobody's  Successors  to  Us.) 
I  WALNUT  STREET  CINCINNATI,  OHIO 


and  5=Banded  Italian 
and  Carniolan  Queens. 

Say  friends,  you  who  have  support- 
ed us  during  the  past  season,  we 
desire  to  express  our  thanks  for 
your  patronage  in  the  past,  and 
respectfully  solicit  a  continuance  of 
your  valued  favors  through  the  sea- 
son of  1904. 

Our  queens  now  stand  upon  their 
merits  and  former  record.  We  are 
preparing  for  next  season,  and  seek- 
ing the  patronage  of  large  apiarists 
and  dealers.  We  do  not  claim  that 
our  queens  are  superior  to  all  oth- 
ers, but  that  they  are  as  good  as 
the  best.  We  will  furnish  from  one 
to  a  thousand  at  the  following 
prices:  '^•^sted  of  either  race,  $1; 
one  unte  d,  75c.,  5  for  $3.25,  10 
for  $6,  15  for  $8.25,  25  for  $12.50,  50 
for  $23.50,  100  for  $45. 
For  descriptive  circulars  address, 

JOHN  W.  PHARR,  Prop., 

ew  Century  Queen  Rearing  Co.,  Ber- 
clair,  Goliad  Co.,  Texas. 


American 


BEE 


Journal 


16 -p.  Weekly. 

^-_ Sample  Free. 

*®"  All  about  Bees  and  their 
profitable  care.  Best  writers. 
Oldest  beepaper;  illustrated. 

Departments  for  be^fianers 
and  for  women  bee-keepers. 
Address, 

QBORQB  W.  YORK  &  60. 
144  &  146  Erie  St.  Chicago.Ilu 


J  s 

'3            Subscription  Agencies.  t) 

^      Subscriptions    for    the    Ameri-  ^ 

5   can  Bee-Keeper  may  be  entered  2 

2  c 

3  through    any    of    the    following  C 

5   agents,    when    more   convenient  © 

5   than  remitting  to  our  offices  at  © 

2  Fort  Pierce,  Florida,  or  James-  S 
I  town,  N.  Y.:  © 
')  J.  E.  Jonhson,  Williamsfield,  © 
*   11.  g 

The  Fred  W.  Muth  Company,  J 

51  Walnut  St.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  © 

John  W.  Pharr,  Berelair,  Tex,  © 

Miss   S.    Swan,    Port   Burwell,  © 

Ontario.  g 

3  G.  A.  Nunez,  Stann  Creek,  © 
S  British  Honduras.  £ 
(3  Walter  T.  Mills,  Bumham,  N.  © 
^  Rochester,  Kent  Co.,  Ivan  House,  © 
3  England.  © 
3      G.  J.  S.  Small,  Marton,  Wang-  © 

anui,  New  Zealand.  S 

H.  H.  Robinson,  Independencia  © 

16,  Matanzas,   Cuba.  "" 


Colorado  Honey  Producers*  © 
Association,  1440  Market  St.,  © 
Denver,  Colo.  ^ 

i)  © 

®©f!>©©©©©©©^0©€»€NMM>0  ©©©©©©© 


i      Special  Notice  to  Bee=keepers!      | 

BOSTON 

Money  in  Bees  for  You. 
Catalog  Price  on 

ROOT^S  SUPPLIES      i 

Catalog  for  the  Asking.  |ri 


F.  H.  Farmer,  182  Friend  St.,        § 
Boston,   Mass.  ni 


L  Up  First  Flight. 


fROVIDENCE 
ROVE  THEIR 


0 


DEENS 


^  DALIT  ES 

TO  BE 

UNEXCELLED 

Head  your  colonies  with  them. 
Use  them  to  invigorate  your  stock. 
They  will  increase  your  profits. 
Produced  by  many  years  of  careful 
breeding.  A  circular  will  be  sent 
on  request. 

LAWRENCE    C.  MILLER, 
P.  O.Box  1113.  Providence,  R.  I. 

Put  Your  Trust  in  Providence  Queens 


20  per  cent.  Profit 

Pineapples,  Oranges,  Qrape  Fruit 

Make    a    Specialty    for    Non-Resident    Owners 
and  Intending  Settlers  in  the 

Lovely   Lake  Region  of  South    Florida. 

20    er    cent,    anniual    return    on    investment. 

Pure  air,  pure  water,  no  mosquitoes.  High 
pine  and  oak  land,  bordered  by  fresh  water 
lakes,  suited  to  all  citrus  fruits  and  pineapples. 
Good  title.  Time  payments.  Address  for  de- 
scriptive matter,  W.  E.  Pabor,  Manager  Pa- 
bor   Lake    Pineries,    Avon    Park,    Fla.  tf 


CAVEATS,  TRADE  MARKS, 

COPYRIGHTS  AND  DESIGNS.* 

'  Send  your  business  direct  to  Washington,  ( 
saves  time,  costs  less,  better  service. 

My  office  close  to  U.  S.  Patent  Office.  FREE  prelimln-  i 
'  ary  examinationa  made.  Atty's  fee  not  due  until  patent  ( 
'  iB  secured.  PERSONAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN— 19  YEAR8 « 
'  ACTUAL  EXPERIENCE.  Book  "How  to  obtain  Patents,"  i 
I  etc.,  sent  free.  Patents  procured  through  E.  G.  Siggers  J 
■  receive   special    notice,    without   charge,    in    the; 

INVENTIVE    ACE: 

;  illustrated  monthly— Eleventh  year— terms,  $1.  a  year. 

918  FSt.,  N.  W.,' 
washington,  d.  c. 


;E.G.SIGGERS,; 


HTf  If,  eingha: 
-■"'•J     has   made   all   the  inii 
'  provemonts  ir 

Bee  Smokers  and 
Honey  Knives 

made  in  ihe   last  20  years,  undoubtedl} 
he  makes  the  best  on  earth. 

Smoke  Engine.    4  inch  stove,   none  too  ]ur'>.    sen 
postpaid,  per  mail $1  51 

31.^  inch l.li 

Knife,  80  cents.  3  inch 1.0' 

2%  inch 

r.  F.  Bingham,  VZ^^--y-\;y    «, 

Farwell,  Mich.      ^Utle  Wonder,  2in.     .t: 

Patent  Wired  Comb  FonDdation 

has  no  sag  in  brood  framesr 

TbiD  Flat  Bottom  Fonndation 

has  no  Fish-bone  in  Surplus  Honeyi 
Being  the  cleanest  is  usually  worked  th«i 
quickest  of  any  foundation  made.  The  talB 
about  wiring  frames  seems  absurd.  We  furnish 
a  Wired  Foundation  that  is  Better,  Cheapet 
and  not  half  the  trouble  to  use  that  it  is  to 
wire  brood  frames. 
Circulars    and    sample    free. 

J.    VAN  DEUSEN    <£  SONS, 

Sole    Manufacturers 

Montgomery  Co.,  Sprout  Brook,  N.  Y. 


I.  J.  STRINGHAM,  105  Park  PI.,  N.  Y.  City 

Keeps  a  full  stock  of  hives,  sections,  and  smokers — in  fact 
everything  a  bee-keeper  uses. 

Colonies  of  Italian  Bees,  in  shipping  boxes,  $5.75 

3  fr.  nuc.  col.              _            _            _            -  3.75 

Unt.  Italian  Queens,              _            -            -  .85 

Tested  Italian  Queens,           -            _            -  J. 00 

Apiaries.     Glen  Cove,  L.  I.  Catalog  free. 


THE  ONLY  GERMAN   AGRICDLTIRAL  MONTH- 
LY IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  jUJi^^j^J^J^^ 

FARM  UND  HAUS 

The  most  carefully  edited  German 
Agricultural  journal.  It  is  brimful  of 
practical  information  and  useful  hints 
for  the  up-to-date  farmer;  devoted  to 
stock  raising,  general  farming,  garden- 
ing, poultry,  bee-keeping,  etc.,  and  con- 
tains a  department  for  the  household, 
which  many  find  valuable.  Another  de- 
partment giving  valuable  receipts  and 
remedies  called  "Hasarzt,"  in  fact  every 
number  contains  articles  of  real  prac- 
tical use. 

Price  only  35  CENTS  per  year.  Sam- 
ple copy  free. 

Send  subscriptions  to, 

FARM    UND    HAUS 

&      tf.  BLUFPTON,  OHIO. 


Attica  Lithia  Springs  Hotel 

Lithia-Sulptiur  Water  aud  Mud  Baths 
Nature's  Own  Great  Cure  for 

...RHEUMATISM.... 

aid  Kindred  Diseastg,  such  as  Liver 
and  Kidney  Complaiati,  Skin  aad 
Blaod  liseates,  Coastlpatlon,  Nervoui 
Prostration,  etc. 

A  new  and  up-to-date  hotel.  Large,  airy, 
light  and  finely  furnished  rooms,  with  Steam 
Heat,  Slectric  Lights,  H«t  and  Cold  Water 
on  each  floor.  Rates  including  Room,  Board, 
Mud  Baths,  Lithia-Sulphur  Wuter  Baths  and 
Medical  Attiadance  (no  extras)  $2.50  and 
13.00  a  day,  according  co  room. 

WRITE  FOR  BOOKLET. 

Address  Box  3, 

tf     Lithia  Springs  Hotel,  Attica,  Ind. 


Are  You  Looking  for  a  Home? 

No  farmer  should  think  of  buying  land 
before  seeing  a  copy  of  THE  FARM  AND 
REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAL.  It  contains 
the  largest  list  of  lands  for  sale  of  any 
paper  published  in  Iowa.  Reaches  30,000 
readers  each  issue,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
advertising  mediums  to  reach  the  farmers 
and  the  Home-Seekers  that  you  can  ad- 
vertise in.  For  75c.  we  will  mail  yau  the 
Journal  for  1  year,  or  for  ten  cents  in 
silver  or  stamps  we  will  send  you  the 
Journal  2  months  on  trial.     Address, 

Farm  and  Real  Estate  Journal, 

TRAER,  TAMA  CO.,  IOWA. 
10-tf. 


Strawberries. 

Young,  healthy,  fresh,  vigor- 
ous stock  in  prime  condition  for 
spring  planting. 

All 
Leading 


V  a  r ieties 

Write  for  prices  and  terms. 

MONROE    STRAWBERRY    CO., 

Box  66  MONROE,  MICH. 


Headquarters  for  Bee  Supplies 

ROOT'S  GOODS  AT  ROOT'S  FACTORY  PRICES. 

Complete  stock  for  1904  now  on  hand.  Freight  rates  from  Cincinnati  are 
the  lowest.  Prompt  service  is  what  I  practice.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Langstroth  Portico  Hives  and  Standard  Honey- Jars  at  lowest  prices. 

You  will  save  money  buying  from  me.    Catalog  mailed  free.    Send  for 
same. 

QUEENS  NOW  READY  TO  SUPPLY  BY  RETURN  MAIL 
Golden  Italians,  Red  Clover  and  Carniolan  Queens;   untested  during  June 


I— 75c 


-$4.00 


12— $7.50 


O.   H.  W.  WEBER. 


OflBce  and  Salesrooms  2146-48  Central  Ave. 
Warehouses— Freeman  and  Central  Aves. 


CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 


La  Compania 
Manufacturera  Americana 

ofrcce  los  mas  reducidos  prccios  en  to- 
da  clase  dc  articulos  para  Apicultores. 
Nucstra  Fabrica  cs  una  de  las  mas 
grandes  y  mas  antiguas  de  America. 
Especialidad  en  Colmenas,  Ahumadores 
para  Colmenas,  Extractorcs,  etc.  In 
ventorcs  y  perfeccionadores  de  mucho? 
articulos  de  suma  utilidad  en  la  Apicul- 
tura.  Enviamos  gratis  nuestro  catalogo 
y  precios  a  quienes  lo  soliciten.  Dirija- 

nse  a.  

THE  AMERICAN  MFG.  CO., 

Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  E.  U.  A. 


The  only  strictly  agricultural 
paper  published  in  this  State.  The 
only  agricultural  paper  published 
every  week.  It  goes  to  every  post 
office  in  State  of  Tennessee  and  to 
many  offices  in  Kentucky,  Alabama, 
Georgia,  Mississippi,  Arkansas, 
Texas,  Florida  and  Louisiana.  It 
is  the  official  organ  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Department  of  Tennessee  and 
Live  Stock  Commission.  Subscrip- 
tion $1  per  year  in  advance. 

Tennessee  Farmer  Pub.  Co., 
w  Nashville,  Tenn. 


BEGINNERS. 

shO".Jt  have  a  copy  at 

Thfc)  Amateur  Bee-keeper, 

a  70  page  book,  by  Prof.  J.  W.  Rouse;  written  er 
peciai:y  for  amateurs.  Second  edition  just  on' 
First  edil ion  of  1,060  sold  in  less  than  two  yrar* 
Editor  Vurk  says:  "It  is  the  Cneft  little  book  pub- 
lis'.ifcd  ;;t  f.ie  promt  tiiue."  Price  24  cents;  by 
mail  2o  Liiuls.    TLo  liillc  book  and 

The  Progressive  Bee-keeper, 

,'a  ]\t'.  yroeTcf'VP.  M  page  monthly  journal,)  on* 
yoar  lor  i..>c.  Apply  to  any  first-class  dealer,  •T 
address 

LEAHY  MFG.  CO,,  Hisgin.».ii.,  k.. 


The  Kecord. 

The  Oldest  and  Leading  Belgian 
Hare  Journal  of  America  and 
England. 

R.  J.  FiNLEY,  Editor  and  Publisher, 

The  only  journal  having 
an  English  Belgian  Hare 
Department. 

One  copy  worth  the  yearly 
subscription. 

If  interestea,  aon  t  fail  to 
send  2-cent  stamp  for  sample 
copy  at  once.     Address, 


tf. 


R.  J.  FINLEY, 

MACON  ,  MO. 


To  Subscribers  of 
THE  AME  RIC  AN  tEEFEEFlK 

And  Others ! 

Until  Further  Notice 

We  Will  Send  The 


Country 
Journal 


to  any  address  in  the  U.  S.  A.  one 
year  for  10  cents,  providing  you 
mention  American  Bee-Keeper. 

The  Country  Journal  treats  on 
Farm,  Orchard  and  Garden,  Poul- 
try and  Fashion.  It's  the  best  pa- 
per printed  for  the  price. 

Address 

The  Country  Journal, 

Allentown,  Pa. 
2tf 


W.     B.     VATJGHAN 

NEWBURGH,   N.   Y. 

Agent  for  The  W.   T.  Falconer  Mfg. 

Go's. 

BEE=KEEPERS'   SUPPLIES. 

Jy-4  Catalogue  free. 


Sunshine 


is  gaining  ad- 
miration as  a 
popular    litera- 

ry  family 

■^■■"— ~'^~~~''~'^~  MAGAZINE. 
It  entertains  its  readers  with  good  short  stor- 
ies, sketches  and  poems  hy  the  most  famous 
authors  of  the  day  and  is  a  magazine  of  supe- 
rior merit. 

It  is  a  welcome  visitor  in  every  home. 

Price  25  cents  a  year. 

We  wish  to  haye  our  magazine  in  your 
vicinity  and  as  a  special  offer  for  new  readers 
we  will  send  you 

Sunshine  for  I  Year  for  iOc. 

Think  of  it.  less  than  one  cent  a  copy.    Can't 
you  act  as  our  agent  ? 

ADD.  MAYES  PUB.  CO., 
LOUISVILLE,       =         KENTUCKY. 


ATHENS,  GA. 


Subscription,  ....  50  Cents  a  Year. 


Published  the  First  of  Every  Month 

and    Circulates    in    Every 

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ADVKRTISING    RATES   ON    APPLI- 
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50    YEARS' 
EXPERIENCE 


Trade  ManKS 

Designs 

Copyrights  &c. 

Anyone  sending  a  sketch  and  description  may 
quickly  ascertain  our  opinion  froe  whether  an 
invention  is  probably  patentable.  Communica- 
tions strictly  confidential.  Handbook  on  Patents 
sent  tree.  Oldest  acency  for  securing  patents. 

Patents  taken  throuKh  Munu  &  Co.  receive 
tpecinl  notice,  without  charge,  in  the 

Scientific  American. 

A  handsomely  illustrated  weekly.  Largest  cir- 
culation of  any  scientific  journal.  Terras,  $3  a 
'  year  :  four  months,  $1.    Sold  '„y  all  newsdealers. 

MUNN&Co.3«'«-^''*^>' New  York 

Branch  Office,  625  F  St..  Washington,  B.  C. 

Wlioii  wiitiiiK  to  advertisers  ineutioii 
The  .\niorir*uii  Ree-Keeper. 


National  Bee^Keepers'  Association, 

The  largest  bec-kccpers'  society    in  the 
world . 

Organized    to  protect    and  promote   the 
interests  of  its  memliers. 

Membership  Fee,  $1.00  a  Year. 

N.E.FRANCE,  PlatteviUe,  Wis., 

General  Manager  and  Treasurer. 


Clubbing  Offers 

Here  is  a  Sample: 

Modern   Farmer $  .50 

Western  Fruit  Grower 50 

Poultry  Gazette 25 

Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture 1.00 

$2 .  25 
All  One  Year  for  only  $1.00. 

Write  for  others  just  as  good,  or  bet- 
ter. 

SAMPLE  FREE. 

New  subscribers  can  have  the  Amer- 
can  Bee  Journal  in  place  of  Gleanings, 
if  they  wish,  or  all  for  $1.60.  Renew- 
als to  A.  B.  J.  add  40c.  more. 

MODERN  FARMER, 

The  Clean  Farm  Paper 
St.  Joseph,  Mo. 


BEEKEEPER 


INSIST  ON 


LEWIS 


GOODS 


SEND    FOR    NEW 
CATALOG  FOR  1904 


68 


Q.  B.  LEWIS  CO. 

WATERTOWN,    WIS.,    U.    S.    A. 

Eastern   Agent,    Fred   W.    Muth    Co.,    51   Wa!- 
I  nut    St.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio. 

fTg^hiTiIig  roosters 

1     Mystify  and    amuse  your 

friends,    These  are  two  gen- j 

oine    gam©     roosters     "wil 

I'eathers.    they    tight    to 

finish,  and  are  always  ready 

to  fight.     The  secret  of  their 

movements  is  only  known  to 

the  operator.  'WilUast  a  life-  i 

time.  10c  per  pair,  3  for  2ac, 
i  postpaid.    Address 

j  ZENO  SUPPLY  COMPANY 

Joplin,  -  -  Missouri 


LOW   FREIGHTS 


AND      QUICK      DELIVERY 


i 


The  busy  times  for  bee-keegers  is  almost  here.  If  you 
have  not  yet  ordered  your  g-oods,  there  is  no  time  for  de- 
lay. You  can't  wait  now  for  some  factory  to  make  your 
goods,  nor  for  long  shipments  by  freight,  with  endless 
delays  at  transfer-points,  while  the  bees  are  idle  for 
needed  sections,  hives,  foundation,  or  storage-room.  You 
will  find  it  to  your  advantage  to  order  your  goods  from 
near  home,  of  some  dealer  who  has  them  on  hand,  and 
can  ship  thern  at  once.  By  so  doing  you  will  not  only  get 
your  goods  promptly,  but  at  a  big  saving  in  freight  bills. 

THE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO. 

Medina,  Ohio,  has  established  agencies  all  over  the  coun- 
try, where  standard  goods  are  always  in  stock.  The  fol- 
lowing are  some  of  the  more  important 

AGENCIES 


N'ickery    Bros.,    Evansville,    Ind. 
E;    Grainger  &  Co.,   Toronto,   Ont. 
Walter    S.    Pouder,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 
John    Nebel    &   Son,    Higli    Hill,    Mo. 
Geo.    E.    Hilton,    Fremont,   Mich. 
I'rothero   &   Arnold,    DuBois,    Penn. 
M.    11.    Hunt     &     Son,     Bell     Branch, 

Mich. 
Rawlings     Implement    Co.,     Baltimore, 

Md. 


Griggs    Bros.,    Toledo,     Oho. 
Nelson   Bros.   Fruit   Co.,   Delta,   Colo. 
Jos.    Nysewander,    DesMoines,    Iowa. 
Carl    F.    Buck,    Augi'sta,    Kansas. 
A.    F.    McAdams,    Columbus   Grove,    O. 
C".    H.    VV.    Weher,    Cincinnati,    Ohio. 
F.    H.'  Farmer,  182   Friend   St.,    Boston, 

Mass. 
L.    A.     Watkins    Mdse.     Co.,    Denver, 

Colorado. 


Ill  addition  to  the  foregoing  there  are  hundreds  who  htindle  our 
g(»(»ds  in  small  lots.     Besides  this,  we  have  the  following 


BRANCH-HOUSES 


Syracuse,   N.   Y. 

J'hiladclphia,    I'cnn.,    10   Vine   St. 
Chicago,   Ills.,   144   East  Erie  St. 
San    Antonio,    Texas, 
'  438   W.    Houston   St. 


Mechanic     Falls,     Maine. 
Havana,    Cuba,    San    Ignacio.  17. 
St.    Paul,   Minn.,  1024   Miss.   St. 
Washington,   D.   C, 

1100  Md  Ave.,   S.  W 


Send  for  catalogue  and  buy  of  the  nearest     Agency     or     Dealer. 


EnteroH  at  the  Pnstoffice.  Fort  Pierce.    Fla..  as  second-class  mail  matter. 


Homes  in 

Old  Virginia. 

It  is  gradually  brought  to  light 
that  the  Civil  war  has  made  great 
changes,  freed  the  slaves,  iind  in 
consequence  has  made  the  large 
land  owners  poor  and  finally  freed 
the  land  from  the  original  owners 
who  would  not  sell  until  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  There  are  some 
of  the  finest  lands  in  the  market  at 
very  low  prices,  lands  that  produce 
all  kinds  of  crops,  grasses,  fruits, 
and  berries;  f.ne  for  stock.  You 
find  green  truck  patches,  such  as 
cabbage,  turnips,  lettuce,  kale, 
spinach,  etc.,  growing  all  the  win- 
ter. The  climate  is  the  best  all  th» 
year  around  to  be  found,  not  too 
cold  nor  too  warm.  Good  water. 
Healthy.  Railroads  running  in 
every  direction.  If  you  desire  to 
know  all  about  Virginia  send  10c. 
for   three    months    subscription    of 

the   VIRGINIA    FARMER  to 

Farm  •!•  Co. ,  Emporia,  Va. 


Th«r«  ii  no  tiade  or  profcssiob  better  catcrad  to 
0T  SOO'i  jouniu's  tliaa  that  o(  the  farmer.  Unia- 
teUifeat  m>proere(iire>en  W*  bow  ■«  eze«a«. 


18  » 

luiuf 


A  BATH 

'fUer         riWIPIRE 

u.keQinan  "      Portable 
Folding  BATH  TU 

Used  in  any  room. 
Agkvts  Wa.vted. 
Catalogae  Free. 

.Thb  empire 
washer  co., 

jAMESTOWN,N.r. 


I  BEE  =  SUPPLIES  I 

it  Bee    Hives,    Sections,    Smokers,  ilf 

»  '■■■■ •"■  i» 

<5*  Bee-Veils,       Frames,  ^ 

J?  And    everything    used    by    bee-keepers,  sj 

JL  Largest  stock  in  the  Centnil  States.     Low  Jr 


I 


freight  rates.     Catalogue  free. 


v4    C.  M.  SCOTT  &  CO. 


/ft    1004  E.  Washington  St.,  Indianapolis,  Ind.    ij^ 

THE   DIXIE   HOME  MAGAZINE 

10c  a  year.  Largest.Brightest  and  Finest  Illustrated 
Magazine  in  the  World  for  10c  a  year,  to  intro- 
duce it  only. 

It  is  bright  and  up-to-date.  TeHs 
all  about  Southern  Home  Life.  It  fa 
full  of  fine  engravings  of  grsind  sot'ii- 
ery.  biiiklinga  and  f:uiious  peojile. 
Send  at  once.  10c.  a  year  postpjiid 
anywhere  in  the  U.  S..  Canada  niul 
ilexifo.  3  years  50o.  Or,  clubs  of  •> 
names  50c.,  12  for  $1.  Send  us  ;i  <liil). 
Money  back  if  not  delighted.  Stauipj 
taken.    Cut  this  out.    Send  today. 

THE  DIXIE    HOME. 

Birniinffluun,  .\la. 

When  writing,  mention  the  .\m.  BeeKeepcr. 


POULTRY    success    CO. 

THE    20th    CENTURY    POULTRY 
MAGAZINE. 

15th  )jea».  32  to  64  pages.  Beautifullv  il- 
lustrated, up-to-date  and  helpful.  Best  known 
writers.  Shows  readers  liow  tn  succeol  with 
poultry.  50  CENTS  PER  YEAR.  Special 
introductory  offers:  10  months,  25  cents,  in^ 
eluding  large  practical  poultry  book  free;  fnuf 
months]  trial,  10  cents.  Stamps  accented. 
Sample.copy  free.  Poultry  Success  Co..  Dcpt. 
16,    Springfield,    Ohio,   or    DesMoines,    Iowa. 


When  writing  to  jidvertisei-s  mention 
The    .A  morion  11    Ree-T-Toowpr. 


SHtNEf 

The  Empire  Washer  Company,  Jamestown, 
N.  v.,  makes  a  Shine  Cabiret,  furnished  with 
foot  stand,  blacking,  russet  dressing,  shoe 
rubber — in  fact,  all  articles  and  materials  need- 
ed to  keep  shoes  looking  their  best — rnd  it  is 
made  to  be  fastened  to  the  wall  of  the  toilet 
room  or  kitchen.  It  does  away  with  the  vexa- 
tious searching  after  these  articles  which  is 
altogether  too  common.  A  postal  will  bring 
you  details  of  this  and  other  good  things. 


American 


BEE 


2  Journal 


16 -p.  Weekly. 
Sample  Free. 
49~  All  about  Bees  and  their 
profitable  care.    Best  writers. 
Oldest  bee  paper;  illustrated. 
Departments  for  beginners 
and  for  women  bee-keepers. 
Address, 
QBORae  W.  YORK  &  CO.. 
144  &  146  Erie  St.  Chica.go,Ili.. 


f~^r^r^|^    Send  10  cents  for  one  vear's  snl)- 
PlvLltl     wrjptionto  AMERICAN  STOKIKS 
^  the  best  monthly   magazine  pnlv 

llshed.  and  we  will  send  you  samples  of  l(iO<ithor 
magazines,  all  different,  free.  AMERICAN 
STORIES,  Dept.  H.  D..  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


r 


Bee    Hives 
Sections 

EVERYTHING 


THAT  IS  USED  BY  BEE-KEEPERS  CAN  BE 
PROCURED  OF  US  AS  CHEAPLY  AS  ANY- 
WHERE, AND  WE  KNOW. 

Our  Goods  are  Superior 

BOTH  IN  MATERIALS    AND    WORKMAN- 
SHIP TO  THOSE  OF  ANY  COMPETITOR. 

One  Trial   Will   Convince   You 

THAT'S  ALL  WE  ASK.  WE  KNOW  YOU 
WILL  NEVER  BUY  OF  ANYBODY  ELSE. 

Our  new  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list  is  now 
ready.  Send  for  one  on  a  postal  card. 


The  W.  T. 
FALCONER  MANFG.  CO., 

JAMESTOWN,  N.  Y. 


J 


THE  BEST  PRINTED  PAPER 
^  jt    IN  FLORIDA   ^  ^ 


Located  in  the  Heart  of  the  Cel- 
e orated  Pineapple  Belt  and  sur- 
rounded by  many  of  the  finest 
orange  groves  on  the  Indian  Riv- 
er Fort  Pierce  is  the  largest  and 
most  important  town  in  Brevard 
county  and 


The  FORT  PIERCE  NEWS 


is  the  best  paper  in  the  county 
and  the  best  vs^eekly  in  Florida. 
It  contains  reliable  information 
about  this  section  in  every  issue. 
Only  $1.00  a  year.  Write  for 
sample  copy.  ti 

The  News,  Fort  Pierce,FIa 


THE  RURAL  BEE=KEEPER 

A    MONTHLY    BEE    JOURNAL 

Devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  bee-keepers  of 
America,  will  teach  you  how  to  make  money 
with  bees.  May  number  tells  about  feeding 
bees.  We  are  now  at  work  on  our  June  num- 
ber and  can  assure  you  that  this  number  will 
be  more  interestinflr  and  more  valuable  than 
its  predecessors.  Swarming  and  how  it  is 
being  controlled  to  the  cash  benefit  of  the 
bee-keeper  is  the  subject  upon  which  the 
June  number  will  treat.  It  will  be  the  pur- 
pose of  the  Rural  Bee-Keeper  to  champion 
&ie  caiuse  of  the  small  country  bee-keeper,  to 
show  him  the  way  to  make  money  out  of 
bees,  by  first  showing  how  to  produce  the 
greatest  amount  of  choice  honey  in  the  shane 
that  will  bring  the  best  casii  return  with  the 
least  expense,  and  later  will  show  him  how 
to  cash  his  crop.  Subscribe  now.  Begwi 
with  the  first  issue  and  p;et  fifty  dollars'  worth 
of  good  sotmd  information  in  «ne  year  for 
fifty  cents. 

The  Cascade  Bee  Hiye  Co. 

The  South  and  East  will  grow  in  apiculture 
for  a  generation  to  come.  The  new  South  has 
possibilities  in  apiculture  heretofore  unappre- 
ciated. Wa  want  t®  become  aequainted  with 
all  our  Southern  and  Eastern  friends.  We  so- 
licit your  criticism  and  correspondence.  The 
beie-keeper  will  find  it  to  his  advantage  to 
become  familiar  with  the  manufjactur^r  of 
supplies  who  is  favorably  located  as  to'  tim- 
ber supply,  «heap-  power,  snA  has  the  in- 
clination to  favor  the  user  of  his  producv 
with  favorable  prices.  Write  for  catalog  and 
terms   to    agents. 

AV.  H.  PUTNAM, 

River    Falls,    Wis. 


Beeswax 
Wanted 


We  pay  28   cents  cash  or  30  cents     J 
in  goods  for  good  quality  of  Beeswax, 
freight  paid  to  Falconer,  N.  Y.    If  you 
have  any,  ship  it  to  us  at  once.  Prices 
subject  to  change  without  notice. 
THE   W.    T.    FALCONER   MFG.    CO. 

mm  m. 

YOURSELF.  WASHING  tmi 

WAY,  BUT  aUY  AH  B  M  P  I  R  B| 

WASHER,  vtitK  vi\i«k  ih* 

fraiUtt  \Boman  earn  do  aw  or- 

dinary  vathing  in  out  hour, 

without   uiettififf   htr   handt. 

Sample  alv!hoUfal*lh-ic«.  Batiafaction  OnantntMcl. 

Nonav  until  tried.      Wriu/or  RluttraUd  Cataloomt 

andpricei  o/Wrineeri.Ironinff  Tablet ,  Clothe*  ReeU, 

DfyingBart,  WaaonJaeki,tte.  ArentsWanted.  Lilv 

•nITbrma.  QaiekSidesI  Littl«Workll  Biv  Pay"! 

AddrtM,Tnu  EifriuWAaBsm  C«.,JaBMt*wB.lf  .1. 


MAPS. 

A  Test  pocket  Map  of  your  State. 

New  issue.  These  maps  show  all 
the  Counties,  ia  seven  colors,  all 
railroads,  postoflBces — and  many 
towns  not  given  in  the  postal  guide 
— rivers,  lakes  and  mountains,  with 
index  and  population  of  counties, 
cities  and  towns.  Census — it  givLS 
all  official  returns.  We  will  send 
you  postpaid  any  state  map  you 
wish  for 

20  cents  (silver) 


iMf 


JOHN  W.   HANN, 

Wauneta,  Neb 


$25,000.00  CASH 

in.  600  prizes.  First  prize,  $10,000.00.  To 
those  m^k^ng  nearest  eorrect  pMesses  of  the 
total  popular  rpte  to  be  cast  November  8th, 
1904,    for    President   of   the   United   States. 

There  are  eight  special  prizes  of  $500.00  each 
for    early    estimates. 

This  may  be  fortune's  knock   at  your  door. 

It  costs  nothing  to  enter  the  contest  and 
only  a  ppstage  stamp  for  particulars.  Address 
Hosterman  Publishing  Co.,  Box  16,  Spring- 
field,  Ohio. 


When  'writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Kdeper. 


SPECIAL    NOTICE. 

We  have  arranged  with  the  Editor  of  this 
Magazine,  to  present,  with  our  comph'ments, 
FREE  ^0  Readers  of  THE  AMERICAN  BEE- 
KEEPER  an   interesting   account  of 

THE  HONEY  BEE 

"  The  Perfect  Society  of  Insects." 

This  iUustrated  brochure  will  be  sent  to  any 
reader  who  is  interested  in  NATURAL  HIS- 
TORY. The  number  of  copies  of  this  booklet 
which  we  shall  distribute  is  limited  and  ap- 
plication should  be  sent  at  once  to 

EDITORIAL     DEPARTMENT 

JOHN  D.  MORRIS  &  COMPANY 

I20I  Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


NOTE. — Please  cut  this  notice  out  and  send  with  your  appli- 
cation. 


AUSTRALIANS. 

NOTE  the  address— 

Pender  Bros., 

WEST  MAITLAND, 
New  South  Wales,       Australia. 


The  largest  manufacturers  of    Beekeepers' 
Supplies  in  the  Southern  Hemisphere, 
and    publishers    of   the    AUSTRALASIAN 
BEEKEEPER,   the  leading  bee  journal  south 
of  the  equator. 

ample  copy  and  64-page  catalogue,  FREE 
_^6-tf  _  _        „ 

When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


THE  NEBRASKA  FARM  JOURNAL 

A  monthly  journal,  devoted  to  agri- 
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Itf 


J.   W.   EARLEY,  Editor. 
1123  N  St.,  'Eincoln,  Neb. 


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Vol.  XIV 


JULY,    1904. 


No.  7 


ORANGE     BLOSSOMS. 

Copyright  lUM  by  H.  F.  Hill. 


132 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


July 


THE  ORANGE  BLOSSOM. 


Bv  W.   S.  Hare. 


EDITOR     of     The     American     Bee- 
Keeper. 

My  Dear  Sir:— The  photograph 
of  a  spray  of  orange  blossoms  received 
from  you  by  the  last  mail  is  the  finest 
that  I  have  yet  seen.  I  think  it  should 
go  into  the  American  Bee-Keeper,  and 
thus  give  many,  who  know  not  even 
the  form  thereof,  an  opportunity  to  see 
what  a  really  beautiful  flower  it  is. 

It  is  a  matter  of  regret  that  photo- 
graphic art  cannot  also  catch  the  deli- 
cious perfume,  and  fix  it  in  the  picture 
for  the  delight  of  those  who  live  too 
far  away  from  the  orange  growing 
States  to  allow  of  their  enjoying,  to 
the  full  measure,  this  most  charming- 
product  of  the  Sunny  South. 

This  picture  Avill  be  of  special  inter- 
est to  bee-keepers,  for,  as  a  pmlific 
pollen,  and  less  prolific  honey  jiroduc- 
er,  the  orange  blossom  is  a  ^•(>l•y  impor- 
tant factor  in  building  up  our  colonies 
in  late  February.  March  and  early  in 
April  (the  period  of  bloom  varying 
somewhat  in  different  years)  and  start- 
ing them  into  the  season  wfth  an 
abundance  of  young  bees. 

To  him  who  is  both  a  bee-keeper 
and  an  orange  grower,  there  are  few 
if  any,  more  pleasant  experiences  than 
that  of  standing  in  the  midst  of  the 
glossy  green,  rich  gold,  and  silvery 
white,  of  his  fruit  and  flower  laden 
trees,  in  early  March,  the  air  redolent 
with  the  delicious  iievfume  of  the  l>los- 
soms,  and  full  of  miisic  from  the  busy 
hum  of  his  bees.  Then  is  the  time 
to  pluck  and  eat  of  "The  fruit  of  the 
Gods,"  while  at  its  very  best,  and  thus 
aiTive  at  the  ideal  condition  of  man 
when  every  one  of  the  five  senses  are 
rationally  gratified  to  an  extent  sel- 
dom reached  even  in  life's  happiest 
experiences 

As  a  honey  producer,  the  orange 
blossom  is  often  over-estimated  as  to 
quantity,  but  never  as  to  (luality.  '^f 
tlie  latter  too  much  can  hardl.v  l)e  said; 
for  I  am  sure  that  pure  orange  blos- 
som honey  has  no  superior  in  any  one 
of  the  three  qualities,  color.  l)ody  or 
flavor:   the   essentials    that    g<>    to    the 


making  of  a  perfect  product.  It  is.  in 
fact,  one  of  Nature's  most  nearly  per- 
fect productions;  and,  like  most  such, 
(]uite  limited  in  quantity.  While 
working  among  the  orange  trees  the 
bees  seem  brisk  and  happy,  and  re- 
turn to  their  hives  well  laden  with 
liollen  ]>ellets.  but  their  honey  sacs, 
though  invariably  containing  some 
nectar,  are  never  filled  to  repletion  as 
when  gatliering  from  the  saw-palmet- 
to or  mangrove  bloom. 

Owing  to  many  tons  of  honey  being 
shipped  from  this  State  each  year  un- 
der the  mark  of  "Orange  Blossom 
Honey,"  an  erroneous  impression  has 
gone  forth  as  to  the  quantity  produced, 
and  its  true  characteristics.  As  this 
honey  all  comes  from  locations  to  the 
north  and  outside  of  the  orange  grow- 
ing districts  of  the  State,  it  is  not  pos- 
sible that  it  could  have  come  from 
t'.ie  orange  blosso  n.  The  explanation 
offered  for  the  use  of  the  name  is  that 
it  "is  used  as  a  private  brand,"  and 
not  intended  to  designate  the  source 
from  which  the  nectar  was  gathered. 
In  evidence  that  it  is  misleading.  I 
will  state  that  I  have  repeatedly  re- 
ceived orders  for  "honey  from  the 
oi*ange  blossom"  with  the  statement 
that  the  sender  had  used  one  or  more 
barrels  of  that  kind  and  liked  it.  I 
think  I  am  safe  in  the  assertion  that 
a  barrel  of  piu'e  orange  blossom  honey 
was  never  shipped  from  this  State. 
It  is  only  very  few  locations,  where 
there  are  large  orange  groves  in  full 
bearing,  in  the  pine  woods,  as  at  De- 
Land  or  Lake  Helen,  that  pure  orange 
honey  is  ever  secured;  and  even  there 
in  only  limited  quantities.  I  would 
think  it  quite  possible  that,  at  River- 
side. California,  it  might  be  gathered 
in  an  unmixed  condition,  and  aiipreci- 
able  quantit.y,  and.  possibly  at  other 
points  in  that  great  State. 

When  pure,  its  color  is  as  white  as 
the  whitest  of  clover  hone.v;  its  body 
even  heavier,  and  its  flavor  superior 
to  any  other  I  have  ever  tasted.  In 
n\v  own  section  of  the  "Orange  Belt" 
of  Florida,  it  is  invariably  mixed  with 
dark  honey  from  other  flowers  bloom- 
ing at  the  same  time,  and  its  fine,  dis- 
tinctive qualities  are  thereby  hidden, 
to  a  greater  or  less  extent. 

Hawks  Park.    Fla..   May  1.  1904. 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


133 


ORANGE  BLOSSOMS  AGAIN. 


Bv  C.  S.  Harris. 


EDITOR  HILL:  To  your  question 
"What  do  you  Ivuow  about  or- 
ange blossoms  from  the  stand- 
point of  a  honey  producer?"  I  could 
most  truthfully  use  Dr.  Miller's  favor- 
ite reply,  "I  don't  know;"  and  yet, 
from  past  experience  I  am  inclined  to 
believe  that  orange  bloom  is  an  almost 
sure  yielder  of  nectar  under  favorable 
conditions,  and  certainly  I  know  of  no 
bloom  which  the  hee>^  seek  more  ea- 
gerly. 

Previous  to  the  freezes  of  1894-5  we 
were  able  to  extract  freely  during  or- 
ange bloom.  Th6se  freezes  destroyed 
the  orange  trees  and  not  until  this  year 
has  there  been  any  bloom  of  conse- 
quence and  the  increased  amount 
stored  by  the  bees  I  feel  satisfied  came 
from  orange  blossoms. 

I  have  several  times  seen  it  stated 
that  orange  honey  was  very  light  in 
color,  while  that  which  we  formerly 
harvested  was  amber.  It  was,  per- 
haps, mixed  with  honey  from  other 
sources,  although  season  and  locality 
might  be  responsible  for  some  varia- 
tion in  color.  It  was,  if  I  remember 
correctly,  of  good  body  and  fine  flavor. 

Mr.  Horn's  Drone  Cell  Counts  for  Naught. 

On  page  91,  May  number  of  The 
Bee-Keeper,  Mr.  Henry  E.  Horn,  under 
the  head,"  One  on  Deckel,"  calls  atten- 
tion to  a  single  cell  raised  and  capped 
as  if  containing  a  drone,  on  a  comb 
of  worker  brood  which  had  been  giv- 
en to  a  queenless  colony.  He  says, 
"There  was  a  drone  iu  that  cell  with- 
out the  least  doubt."  If  he  did  not 
open  that  cell  and  find  a  drone,  there 
is  a  doubt,  for  it  sometimes  occurs 
that  a  cell  lacks  the  necessary  depth, 
through  a  heavy  deposit  of  wax  at 
the  bottom  or  because  some  foreign 
substance,  accidentally  in  the  cell,  was 
waxed  over  instead  of  being  removed, 
and  in  such  cases,  if  the  queen  uses 
the  cell,  it  must  necessarily  be  length- 
ened to  make  room  for  its  occupant 
and  consequently  has  much  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  drone  cell. 

Also,  it  is  not  uncommon  to  find  a 
single  drone  cell,  or  perhaps  two  or 
three  of  them  on  the  face  of  an  other- 


wise solid  comb  of  worker  brood,  un- 
der some  conditions,  in  a  queen-right 
colony,  and  Mr.  Horn  might  very  read- 
ily have  overlooked  this  when  giving 
a  comb  of  unsealed  brood,  in  fact,  it 
could  not  be  distinguished  if  it  was  a 
case  of  a  drone  egg  having  been  de- 
posited in  a  worker  cell. 

In  either  case  there  is  no  proof  of 
the  Dickel  theory.  But  I  may  be  "run- 
ning wild,"  after  all,  and  Mr.  Horn 
have  written  oaly  in  a  sarcastic  vein. 

Holly  Hill,  Fla.,  May.  18,  1904. 


ORANGE  BLOSSOM  HONEY. 


By  Henry  E.   Horn. 


FRO:m  the  bee-keepers'  point  of 
view,  the  orange  bloom  of  the 
season  just  past  promised  much, 
but,  not  unlike  some  other  features  of 
this  passing  show,  failed  to  live  up  to 
it.  And  yet  it  was  not  the  bloom  really 
that  was  at  fault,  either;  for  there  was 
more  of  it  than  ever  before  and  it  last- 
ed longer;  but  it  was  scattering,  and 
the  weather  was  mostly  cold  and 
windy.  Twice  the  San  Bernardino 
mountain  range  was  whitened  with 
snow  and  hail.  And  for  variety's  sake 
there  was  sandwiched  in  between  it 
all  a  three-day  norther,  during  which 
a  southern  sun  pulled  the  thermometer 
up  to  90  and  100  degrees  in  the  shade. 
Of  a  consequence  our  poor  little  bees 
didn't  gain  much  headway,  though 
they  tried  hard  enough. 

In  producing  bloom  the  orange  tree 
is  simply  immense.  There  are  thou- 
sands and  thousands  of  blossoms  on 
every  tree  that  never  come  to  any- 
thing at  all;  there  are  other  thousands 
that  open,  set  a  tiny  orange  and  then 
drop  off.  There  are,  finally,  a  few, 
comparatively  speaking,  that  open,  set 
a  fruit  and  eventually  grow  into  the 
golden  apple  of  the  market.  Now,  if 
one  examines  orange  flowers  for  nec- 
tar, he  will  find  some  rich  with  it,  some 
showing  a  trace,  and  some  none  at 
all;  though  just  how  closely  these  two 
sets  of  facts  are  related  to  one  another 
is  probably  exactly  known  by  nobody, 
but  it  is  certain  that  the  totally  dry 
flowers  are  barren  in  their  vexy  na- 
ture and  drop  oft"  fruitless.  There  is 
a  text  for  a  practical  sermon  hidden 
in  this. 


134 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


July 


The  orange  flower  itself  is  a  white,  the  air,  making  a  bee  line  for  the  next 

six-pointed   star   of  great  purity,   and  orange  trees. 

is     very     fraarant.       The     somewhat  Yes,  certainly;  but  a  bee  line  such 

fleshy   petals.^'atter   opening  curl   out  as  few   people    ever    imagine.      Past 

and  '  backwards  ,  thus     disclosing     a  High  Grand  Master  of  Geometric  Ar- 

round  wall   of  straight,   more  or   less  chitecture  apis  mellifera   turns   living 

<-rown  to'-ethor,  pollen  carriers,  with-  posey   the   moment  its  shining   wings 

fn   which'  there  is     hidden    the    fruit  vibrate  in  the  outer  air.     Go  out  and 

o-erm    surmounted  bv  the  central  sta-  ^vatch  them  at  sunrise  and  you  will 

men  '  It  is  in  this  inner  temple  where-  see.     Those  thousands,  gracefully  cir- 

in  occurs  the  offering  of  the  sacrifice  cling  up   there^  tinged   with  the  gold 

of  the  nectar  and  of  the  sweet  odor  "  "      '             "  ' 


A  certain  wise  one  once  said  that  the 
orange  flower,  its  form  and  structure, 
purity  of  coloring,  abundance  of  sweet- 
ness, sensuous  odor,  was  "a  living 
symbol  of  the  world's  central  mystery; 
aiid  whosoever  has  once  gained  a 
glance  behind  the  outer  things  will 
not  say  him  nay, — only,  since  the  pass- 
ing of  the  day  in  the  long-ago  when 
the  sanctuary  became  profaned,  its 
sweet   sacrifice   is   now    mostly   ipter- 


of  the  horizontal  beams  of  the  morn- 
ing sun  are  not  shooting  stars  as  one 
might  think.  They  are  workers  go- 
ing to  work,  as  children  go  berry  gath- 
ering in  the  woods  and  to  picnic,  free 
and  unfettered. 

After  this  sort  of  thing  has  been 
going  on  for  a  day  or  two,  the  combs, 
along  the  top-bars  begin  to  whiten, 
manipulated  by  two  rows  of  bee-heads 
crowded  together  like  peas  in  a  pod 
from  end  to  end  of  the  hive,  the  cells 


mixed  by  a  subtile  poison  that  lames    S'^'o^v  longer  and  pretty  soon  are  sealed 


and  ills." 

Like  all  flora,  here  or  elsewhere,  the 
orange  is  richer  in  nectar  some  years 
than  in  othei'S.  There  have  been  sea- 
sons Avhen  the  nectar  secretions  for 
very  abundance  ran  out  of  the  blos- 
soms, causing  the  foliage  of  the  trees 
to  become  sticky  with  it  all  over.     But 

whether  rich  or  poor,  because  of  the    certainty  about  its  ^yearly  coming,  ^noi 
immense  mass  of  it,  there  has  always 


over  and  bottled  up,  full  of  what  is 
probably  the  most  delicious  honey 
known. 

The  full  volume  of  the  orarfige  flo-sv 
lasts  at  least  two  weeks.    It  starts  terj 
days   or  two  weeks   before  that,   anc 
straggles   along   for   about    an    equa 
length  of  time  after.     There  is  no  un 


been  far  more  of  it  than  all  the  avail- 
able bees  could  take  care  of. 

And  how  they  work  at  it.  Not,  in- 
deed, that  there  is  a  great  display  of 
energy,  or  speed,  in  the  coming  or 
going  of  them;  for  they  seem  at  times 
almost  drunk  with  nectar,  they  al- 
ways manifest  the  drowsy  hum  and 
movement  of  a  rich  flow.  No  vicious 
diving  at  their  master,  no  unprovoked 
stinging.  All  they  seem  to  ask  is", 
"Please,  keep  away  from  our  door,'' 
and  you  can  do  anything  you  want. 
And  then  they  drop  out  of  the  air, 
half  by  direction,  half  by  gravity',  a 
small  constant  stream,  on  the  alight- 
ing board,  on  the  hive  cover,  on  grass 
stalks,  on  the  ground — anywhere,  but 
as  near  as  may  l)e  their  beloved  home, 
but  for  very  fatigue  they  must  have  a 
rest  and  more  breath  before  they  can 
go  another  inch.  At  the  same  time 
another  stream  runs  out  of  the  en- 
trance and,  diving  low,  disappears  in 


doubt  about  its  abundance.  And~il 
we  had  the  meteorological  conditioi 
necessary,  we  could  harvest  from  50  t( 
100  pounds  of  honey  per  colony  everj 
year  without  fail. 

In  point  of  time  the  Navel  opens  it? 
blossoms  first,  the  Valencia's  anc 
seedling  afterwards  and  the  sweetf 
last,  though  the  more  or  less  of  th« 
elevation  of  the  orchard  makes  a  dif 
ference,  too;  those  situated  highes 
towards  the  foot  hills  seem  to  be  fa 
vorefl  Avith  a  warmer  strata  of  air  thai 
those  lower  down.  To  sum  up  thi 
matter:  As  a  producer  of  nectar,  botl 
of  quantity  and  quality,  the  orang( 
ti-ee  stands  in  the  first  rank.  Never 
theless,  there  is  no  dependence  to  b< 
placed  upon  it  by  the  bee-keeper— a 
least  not  in  Southern  California — foi 
these  two  reasons;  the  weather  is  al 
most  always  unsuitable,  and  it  comei 
too  earl.v  in  the  season,  before  a  stronj 
force  of  young  field  workers  is  reared 

Riverside,  Cal.,  May  27,  1904. 


1004 


THE    AMERIGxiN    BEE-KEEPER. 


135 


PROTECTING    AND    CLEANING 
COMPRESSED  CUPS. 


By  "Swarthmore.' 


IT  has  been  the  practice  in  the 
Swarthmore  apairies  to  use  one 
colonj'  for  nothing  else  but  to  clean 
out  the  jelly,  trim  and  protcet  the 
hatched-out  cells  ready  for  regrafting. 
Cells  protected  in  this  manner  are  cer- 
tain of  acceptance  almost  every  time 
they  are  grafted.  Returning  the 
hatched-out  cells  to  the  zinc-covered 
cages  will  accomplish  the  same  end 
but  when  rearing  queens  in  quantities 
it  is  more  convenient  to  have  a  special 
cleaning  colony  at  hand,  for  there  are 
always  more  or  less  left  over  cells 
in  need  of  patching. 


Cell  Cleaning  and  Incubating  Board. 

CC  are  cleats,  to  prevent  warping  of  the  thin 
board.  These  cleats  are  cut  a  little  short  to  ad- 
mit of  tiering  an  empty  shallow  super,  with  bear- 
ings upon  botli  sides  and  end  of  the  thin  board. 
H  is  a  frame  constructed  of  %  strips  one  inch 
«'ide  for  supporting  the  cell-bars,  twelve  in  num- 
ber, placed  side  by  side  and  bound  together  with 
oins— A  AAA.  To  prevent  comb  building,  cover 
the  ends  on  the  under  side  of  the  hollow  square 
ivith  zinc. 

A  thin  all  wood  honey  board  is  cut 
iway  in  the  center  so  as  to  form  an 
jlilong  opening  eight  inches  wide  and 
12  inches  long,  over  which  a  close 
Tame  is  constructed  for  the  purpose 
)f  receiving  cell-bars  on  exactly  the 
^anie  principle  as  in  the  starting 
screen  previously  explained;  with  the 
exception  of  their  position  on  the  hive, 
vbich  is  across  instead  of  parallel 
vith  the  brood-frames,  the  arrange- 
uent  is  identical. 

AVhen  bars  containing  cleaned  out 
•ells  are  removed  for  re-grafting,  their 
paces  are  filled  with  blank  bars,  or 
)ther  cell-holding  bars  containing  new- 
y  pressed  cups  may  be  dropped  into 
he  spaces  as  needs  seem  to  demand. 

Always  cover  the  cell-holding  bars 
vith   absorbent  quilts   and   never   use 


anything  but  a  perfectly  weatlier- 
proof  roof — all  bee  hives  should  have 
tight  I'oofs.  Paint  on  hive  bodies  is 
not  so  important  excepting,  perhaps, 
for  appearance;  but  see  to  it  that  : 
roofs  are  kept  well  covered  with  good, 
durable,  water-proof  material  of  one 
kind  or  another  for  there  is  nothing 
more  ruinous  to  Ijees  than  a  leaby 
roof. 

During  times  of  extra  pressure  upon 
the  cell  completing  colonies,  large 
numbers  of  capped  cells  may  be  placed 
in  the  cell-clearing  and  incubating 
board  for  protection.  When  this  board 
is  used  for  incubating  cells  queen  ex- 
cluding zinc  should  cover  the  lower 
side  of  the  square  space  beneath  the 
bars  to  prevent  the  queen  of  the  hive 
from  entering  this  cell  compartment 
to  work  wholesale  desti'uction  there. 

Fix  the  incubating  board  perma- 
nently ui)on  a  hive  containing  a  power- 
ful colony  and  then  bring  from  the 
nurseries  any  and  all  mature  cells  in 
need  of  protection  the  few  days  prior 
to  tlie  time  of  their  distribution  among 
nuclei. 

In  this  way  as  high  as  100  cells  may 
be  taken  care  of  at  one  time.  The 
nursery  cages  will  then  be  free  to  re- 
ceive other  lots  of  started  cells  which 
may  be  awaiting  their  turn  for  trans- 
fer from  the  cell-starting  colonies  to 
those  assigned  to  cell-completion. 

Swarthmore,  Pa..  Oct.  8,  1903 


THE   "COTTON"   HIVE   "OUT 
■WEST." 

By  E.  F.  Atwater 

PROBABLY  this  is  one  of  the  few 
locations  where  the  "Cotton 
Controllable  Bee  Hive"  has  been 
somewhat  generally  introduced  and 
used.  Many  years  ago  the  late  Mr. 
Morse,  a  pioneer  of  Boise,  together 
with  Mr.  :McClellan,  sent  to  E.  Kretch- 
mer  for  several  colonies  of  Italian 
bees,  the  first  to  live  and  prosper  here. 

They  arrived  in  fair  condition,  in 
"American"'  hives.  Mr.  Morse  adopt- 
ed the  Lizzie  Cotton  hive  for  his  in- 
crease, and  at  one  time  possessed  an 
apiary  of  150  colonies  in  such  hives. 
He  manufactured  the  hives  and  sold 
them  at  ?7.00  each. 

All  over  the  Boise  Valley  one  finds 
the  hives,  known  here  as  the  "Morse 


136 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


July 


Hive"  still  in  use  and  containing  as 
a  rule,  enormous  colonies  of  bees. 
The  lower  story  contains  14  frames, 
12  3-4  inches  square  inside,  so  that  the 
outside  frames  may  be  removed  and 
wide  frames,  each  holding  nine  square 
sections,  put  in  their  places.  There 
were  grooves  in  the  sides  of  the  hive, 
so  that  the  outside  frames  could  be 
removed  and  thin  boards  slipped  in 
the  grooves;  the  space  back  of  the 
boards  being  filled  with  some  non-con- 
ductor. However,  no  one  practices 
this  now.  as  the  bees  always  winter 
well  without  conti'action.  When  the 
full  14  frames  are  used  in  the  brood- 
nest,  the  capacitj'  is  equal  to  IT  1-2 
L.  frames.  The  supers  are  arranged 
to  hold  14  frames  8  1-2  x  12  3-4  inches 
inside,  so  that  wide  frames  holding 
six  square  sections  might  be  used  in- 
stead of  the  extracting  frames. 

One  apiary  which  I  am  handling  on 
shares  has  several  of  these  Lizzie 
Cotton  hives.  Early  in  April  they 
were  of  unusual  strength,  though  the 
supers  of  exti'acting  frames  had  been 
left  on  the  hives  all  winter,  and  be- 
fore the  opening  of  the  main  flow,  in 
.June,  some  of  them  had  filled  a  large 
part  of  the  lower  story  with  brood  aad 
had  begun  breeding  in  the  upper  stor- 
ies, both  stories  full  to  overflowing 
with  bees,  a  total  capacity  of  about 
30  L  frames.  This  extraordinary 
strength  was  due,  I  believe,  to,  1,  lo- 
cation (very  sheltered),  2,  large  hives 
and  abundant  stories,  3  some  honey 
and  pollen  coming  in  at  all  times. 

Boise,  Idaho,  Nov.  7,  1903. 


THE  AVAR  HORSE. 


By  Otto  Gubler. 
Member   of    the    Societe    Romande    d' 

Apiculture,  Switzerland. 
(Translated  by  Frank  Benton  from  Bulletin  de 
la  Societe  Romande  d'Apiculture,  Vol.  I,  No.  1, 
January,  1904.) 

ONCE  upon  a  time  there  was — 
A  beautiful  priacess? 
Xo. 
A  charming   prince? 
Nor   that   either. 

Once  upon  a  time  there  were  two 
bee-keepers.  Both  of  them  wanted  to 
do  well — to  do  something  startling. 
Hardened  from  their  childhood,  "nei- 
ther feared  anything,  whatever  it 
might  be." 


To  handle  and  control  Carniolans, 
natives,  or  Italians  was  no  longer 
more  than  child's  play  for  them — in 
the  year  of  our  Lord,  one  thousand, 
eight  hundred  and  ninety-five.  Just 
as  in  the  fable,  Bernard  said  to  Ra- 
ton: •"Brother,  let  us  do  a  master- 
stroke; let  us  buy  Syrians.  You  take, 
or  rather,  you  buy  Syrians,  and  I'll 
buy  Cyprians.    Agreed." 

The  year  opened  up  well  and  one 
might  afford  to  pay  out  a  little  some- 
thing extra.  The  Revue  was  thumbed 
over,  the  addresses  found,  the  colonies 
ordered,  shipped,  received,  and — paid 
for.  Ah!  how  beautiful  were  our 
Syrians  and  our  Cyprians!  How  dull 
our  Italians  appeared  to  us  by  the  side 
of  them!  And  who  says  that  they  are 
aggressive?  Thats  all  nonsense. 
Lambs,  I  tell  you,  veritable  lambs!  In 
fact,  enthusiasm  is  at  its  height.  The 
plan  was  already  before  us  for  exten- 
sive breeding  of  our  two  favorite 
races,  with  an  amelioration  of  the 
whole  apiary  through  an  infusion  of 
new  and  vigorous  blood. 

The  two  new-comers  develop  mar- 
velously;  the  second  super  takes  the 
place  of  the  first,  and  the  third  that  of 
the  second.  Lacking  the  time  to  ex- 
tract, each  contemplates  with  pride 
his  colony,  his  war-horse,  with  its 
three  full  supers.  Ah!  if  I  had  onlj 
Syi-ians.  Ah!  if  I  had  only  Cyprians 
What  a  harvest  we  would  get! 

The  hay  harvest  being  at  an  enc 
we  open  our  hives.  The  supers  are  su 
perb,  but  what  is  the  matter  with  oui 
lambs  today?  They  are  certainly  in  s 
bad  humor.  Now  don't  imagine  at  al 
that  we  are  afraid;  oh  no,  we  do  noi 
get  frightened  at  such  a  little  thing 
However,  suppose  we  let  them  rest  foi 
the  present.  Besides,  today  is  Sunday 
and  it  would  not  be  a  proper  thini 
to  take  off  honey  on  that  day,  more 
over  I  really  think  that  the  weath«j 
is  going  to  be  stormy. 

The  following  week  each  goes  alone 
and  by  stealth,  as  it  were,  to  feel  th« 
ground;  one  towards  his  Syrians,  th< 
other  toward  his  Cyprians.  Each  tim< 
the  covers  are  raised  a  terrible  noiw 
is  heard,  the  alighting  board  is  cov 
ered  with  furies,  and  a  number  o: 
thrusts  as  sharp  as  though  mado  wltl 
Damascene  lances  tickle  us  so  dis 
agreeably   that   we   discover  all   of  J 


' 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


137 


sudden  that  the  weather  is  too  tempes- 
tuous. 

"You  know,"  says  Raton  to  Bernard, 
I  could  have  taken  off  a  super  if  it 
had  been  necessary,  but  I  didn't  want 
to  do  it." 

The  following  Sunday  Raton,  the 
less  brave  of  the  two,  after  a  timid 
reconnaissance,  judges  it  prudent  to 
lie  down  in  the  shade  rather  than  trou- 
ble the  Sabbath  repose  of  their  high- 
nesses, the  princesses  of  Cyprus. 
Bernard,  on  the  other  hand,  to  whom 
a  good  dinner  had  given  an  indomit- 
able courage  (perhaps  a  glass  of  old 
Neufachatel  had  also  contributed  a  lit- 
tle)— Bernard,  then,  advances  boldly 
against  the  enemy — pardon,  against 
his  friends,  the  Syrians.  With  his 
shirt  sleeves  rolled  up,  his  arms  bare, 
a  strong  pocket  knife  in  his  hand,  and 
a  fine  long-bladed  knife  (to  which  he 
is  very  partial)  at  his  belt,  calm  and 
resolute,  he  was  truly  beautiful  to  look 
upon.  In  vain  the  fanfare  of  the  en- 
emy plays  its  most  war-like  marches; 
neither  "Sempach"  nor  "Roll  drums" 
succeed  in  making  him  quail,  nor  even 
budge,  nor  cause  him  to  make  a  single 
useless   gesture. 

But  all   this  was  only  the  skirmish 
of  the  advance  guard.     Two  or  three 
combs  had   already   been   taken   from 
the   super    and    Bernard    was    on    the 
point  of  shouting   victory,   when   sud- 
denly the  charge  sounded.     The  main 
Dod.v  of  the  army,  then  the  rear  guard 
tself,  takes  the  field.     The  maneuver 
fails,  the  line  must  fall  back,  as  the 
ood  Lafontaine  says,  that  is,  capitu- 
ate.     Furious,  stung,  defeated,  Bern- 
ird  beats  a  retreat.     But  the  outraged 
inemy  come  out  of  their  citadel,  pass 
)ver  a  high  house,  and  attack  people 
md  animals  on  the  neighboring  road, 
oon   the   sharp   cries  of   women   mix 
«''ith  the  furious  howling  of  dogs.  The 
:ats,  even,  make  disorderly  jumps  and 
he     fowls     disappear     with     flapping 
ings.     Night  atone  stops  the  cembat 
nd  puts  an  end  to  the  carnage. 
Like  Charles  the  Bold  after  Gi'and- 
on,   Bernard   dreams   only   of    venge- 
nce.     Under  cover  of  the  shades  of 
dglit,   no   longer   with  his   face   bare, 
ut  clothed  with  a  veil,  arms  and  legs 
ell  wrapped,   armed   with   a   terrible 
utomatic  smoker  whence  a  cloud  of 
moke  issues,   and    with   an   immense 


watering-pot  filled  with  ice-water,  he 
starts  toward  his  beloved  Syrians. 
Blinded  with  smoke,  inundated  with 
cataracts  of  ice-water,  they  beg  an 
armistice.  But  their  cruel  enemy  re- 
moves a  super  in  one  piece  and  carries 
it  twenty  paces  away.  At  the  sivliv 
of  this  abduction  all  unanimously 
swear  then  and  there  to  vanquish  or 
to  die,  and  they  pour  forth  to  the  as- 
sault; the  enemy,  like  Charles  at  Mor- 
at,  is  still  obliged  to  flee. 

Like  him,  Bernard,  furious  that  there 
vile  S.yrians  had  robbed  him  of  his 
fame  for  invincibility,  decides  to  re- 
turn to  the  charge,  or  at  least  to  at- 
tack the  separate  contingent  which 
was  at  the  foot  of  the  tree.  And  what 
time  was  that?  At  three  o'clock  in  the 
morning  when  the  enemy  was  sleep- 
ing innocently.  Tl'uth  obliges  me  to 
say  that  this  time  he  carried  off  the 
victory,  contrary  to  what  happened  to 
Charles  the  Bold  at  Nancy.  It  will 
be  well  to  add  that  this  attack  much 
resemlded  an  ambush. 

The  war-horse  perished  the  follow- 
ing winter.  Bernard  claims  that  it 
died  a  natural  death.  Others  say — but 
sh .  .     Let  us  not  slander  him. 

Washington,   D.   C,  April  8.   lf»04. 


NO  FUNICS   IN   ALGERIA. 


By.  .John  Hewitt. 

DEAR  Mr  Hill:— Will  you  allow  me 
to  correct  those  paragraphs  in 
American  Bee-Keeper  on  pages 
100  and  101  under  the  heading  "Alge- 
ria'' respecting  "Punic"  bees.  There 
are  no  Punic  bees  in  Algeria  any  more 
than  there  are  Italians  in  Cyprus. 
Algerian  bees  are  very  bad  temi>ered 
and  somewhat  darker  in  color  than 
Punics.  Mr.  T.  W.  Cowan  was  the  fir.st 
to  try  to  get  them  tried  instead  of  the 
real  thing  and  told  his  readers  in  1801 
where  to  get  them  in  Algeria  and  dis- 
cribed  the  bees  of  Tunis  as  "impure." 
Since  then  there  have  been  sevei-al  at- 
tempts to  pass  off  the  bees  of  Algeria, 
Morocco  and  Minorca  as  the  same 
race.  Punicg  are  as  different  to  the«e 
races  as  possible — far  more  so  than 
Italians  are  to  Cyprians — while  now 
owing  to  Mr.  Cowan  being  the  mrans 
of  getting  Carniolans  imported  into 
Tunis,  it  is  impossible  to  get  them 
really  pure  from  Tunis  now. 


138 

I  notice  with  satisfaction,  wliat  you 
say  on  page  106;  whicli  is  a  fair  re- 
port, but  really,  altliougli  tameuess 
and  hard  working  are  good  points,  I 
consider  their  non-swarming — when 
given  plenty  of  room— and  their  being 
proof  aafflinst  foul  brood,  of  greater 
value  to  honey  producers.  Just  fancy 
the  difference  between  an  apiary  of 
100  stocks,  all  swarming  at  once  and 
one  you  know  will  work  without  the 
least  watching. 

Sheffield,   England,   May   20,   1904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


July 


PHACELIA     AS     A 
PLANT. 


FORAGE 


Bv  Dr.  C.  C.  Miller. 


I  HAVE  just  read  with  much  inter- 
est Henry  E.  Horn's  communica- 
tion, page  53,  and  hope  it  may  be 
the  indirect  means  of  obtaining  the 
much  needed  information  as  to  the 
value  of  Phacelia  tanacetifolia  as  a 
forage  plant  in  California.  Mr.  Horn 
is  not  entirely  correct  in  thinking  that 
the  value  of  phacelia  as  a  honey  plant 
was  first  discovered  in  Germany  anil 
that  only  ten  or  twelve  years  ago. 
Long  before  that  time  it  was  men- 
tioned in  Tick's  seed  catalogue  as  a 
great  favorite  with  bees — I  think  the 
only  plant  thus  mentioned.  Perhaps  as 
much  as  forty  years  ago  I  was  famil- 
iar with  the  plant,  as  no  doul)t  many 
others  were,  and  en.ioyed  seeing  the 
unusual  nunil)ors  ©f  bees  attracted  by 
it.  I  also  cultivated  it  as  a  window 
plant  in  winter  for  the  beauty  of  its 
flowers,  as  also  for  their  fragrance. 
I  think  the  flowers  are  not  fragrant 
when  grown  in  the  open. 


It  never  occurred  to  me  to  plant  it 
on  a  large  scale,  because  I  knew  of 
no  value  attached  to  it  except  as  a 
beautiful  flower  and  a  honey  plant. 
Mr.  Horn  is  right  if  he  gives  to  the 
Germans  the  credit  of  discovering  its 
value  as  a  forage  plant,  if  indeed  it 
has  any  such  value.  I  suspect  that 
what  he  says  as  to  its  forage  value  has 
been  gleaned  from  the  reading  of  for- 
eign bee  .journals.  In  them  it  has 
been  uninterruptedly  boomed  for  many 
moons.  As  to  its  honey  value  there  is 
but  one  voice.  The  song  iu  its  praise 
as  a  forage  plant,  however,  has  in  it 
discordant  notes.  The  reports  of  some 
give  it  high  praise;  others  contain 
"its''  and  "buts." 

So  far  as  I  know,  no  one  yet  has 
ventured  to  come  forward  in  this 
country  to  give  any  testimony  as  to 
its  value  for  forage.  The  authorities 
at  Washington  disclaim  any  knowl- 
edge of  it.  So  I  am  skeptical.  I  here- 
by challenge  Mr.  Horn  or  any  other 
Californian  to  produce  evidence  that 
stock  of  any  kind  care  for  phacelia, 
either  green  or  dry  as  forage.  If  a 
number  of  them  will  come  forward 
with  such  overwhelming  proof  as  to' 
convict  me  of  being  a  presumptuous 
ignoramus,  it  will  please  me  well.  But 
1  have  thrown  out  much  the  same 
challenge  more  than  once  within  the 
past  two  or  three  years,  and  every 
one  of  those  California  chaps  has 
been  dumb  as  an  oyster  on  the  sub- 
ject. 

It  AVould  l)e  a  great  thing  for  bee- 
keepers if  it  could  be  proven  that  pha- 
celia is    a    valuable    forage  plant  on 
American    soil,    but — but — 
Marengo,  111.,  March  11,  1904. 


INTRODUCING  LAYING  QUEENSJ 


By  Jacob   W.   Small. 

AS  far  as  my  observation  and  ex- 
perience go.  it  is  not  alone  the 
fact  of  a  new  queen  being  a 
stranger,  that  causes  the  bees  to  at-j 
tack  and  ball  her.  The  more  import- 
ant cause  is  the  smell  of  the  nev 
queen. 

I  have  taken  a  laying  queen  from  a 
swarm  of  bees,  caged  her  with  some 
half  a  dozen  of  her  own  bees  for  a 
few  minutes,  and  upon  liberating  her 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


139 


lapou  her  own  comb,  to  her  own  bees 
had  her  immediately  balled,  and  she 
would  undoubtedly  have  been  destroy- 
ed if  I  had  not  rescued  her  by  a  lib- 
eral application  of  smoke  and  proceed- 
ed to  introduce  her  as  aii  entire  strang- 
er. Now  tills  may  seem  strange  upon 
the  face  of  it.  She  was  certainly  no 
stranger  to  her  own  bees,  but  she  had 
absorbed,  so  to  speak,  the  scent  from 
the  cage  in  which  she  was  placed. 
Consequently  she  was  to  the  bees 
practically  a  strange  queen.  Further 
than  this,  the  bees  which  were  caged 
with  her  upon  being  liberated  were  at 
once  attacked  by  the  other  bees  and 
killed. 

Acting  upon  this  fact  I  conceived 
the  idea  of  making,  of  screen  wire 
cloth,  a  small  box  two  inches  or  so 
upon  the  side,with  the  ends  turned  up 
about  three-eighths  of  an  inch,  like  the 
cover  of  a  small  card-board  box. 

I  place  the  queen  to  be  introduced 
with  her  bees  in  this  box,  using  a 
piece  of  card  board  to  form  the  other 
side  of  the  box  temporarily.  Now  re- 
move one  of  the  frames  from  the  hive 
you  wish  to  introduce  your  queen  to 
and  lay  the  screen  box,  paper  side 
down,  upon  the  comb,  covering  some 
place  where  there  is  a  little  honey. 
And  after  withdrawing  the  paper 
from  between  the  box  containing  the 
queen  and  bees,  press  slightly  upon 
the  screen  box,  imbedding  it  in  the 
comb  just  enough  to  hold  it  in  place. 

Put  the  frame  back  into  the  hive  and 
allow  it  to  remain  a  day  or  two,  then 
remove  the  frame,  liberate  the  queen 
and  her  bees,  who  have  already  ac- 
quired the  smell  of  the  new  combs  of 
the  hive,  and  upon  replacing  the  comb 
the  queen  will  be  accepted  without 
question  almost  invariably. 

Of  course,  you  must  allow^  no 
queen-cell  in  your  hive  during  this  op- 
sration. 

I  have  tried  the  water  cure  (so  call- 
id)  and  have  had  very  little  success 
in  that  direction.  I  have  a  glass  nu- 
;Ieus  hive,  in  which  I  have  conducted 
jome  very  interesting  experiments  in 
ntroducing  queens,  the  actions  of  the 
lueen  and  bees  being  observed  close- 
y.  I  have  tried  several  of  the  vari- 
ms  methods. 

I  find  that  no  matter  how  long  the 
lUeen  has  been  left  caged  in  a  hive, 


whether  liberated  by  the  candy  meth- 
od or  otherwise,  she  will  immediately 
retire  to  some  remote  corner  of  the 
hive  or  behind  some  close  fitting  frame 
where  she  will  remain  for  some  time, 
seemingly  afraid  of  her  life.  And  if 
crowded  out  of  such  a  cover  will  at 
once  put  for  another,  if  possible. 

But  with  the  method  here  explained 
she  will  almost  invariably  pay  no  at- 
tention to  the  bees  or  they  to  her,  but 
will  both  attend  to  their  several  du- 
ties regardless  of  each  other.  At  least 
such  has  been  my  experience  so  far. 

Haverhill,  Mass.,  May  16,  1904. 


This  is  one  of  the  best  and  simplest 
methods  of  introduction,  though  one  of 
the  oldest  known  to  the  craft.  Its  ef- 
ficiency, however,  is  really  advanced 
by  caging  the  queen  without  attend- 
ant bees  at  all,  and  placing  the  intro- 
ducing cage  over  emerging  young  bees 
and  unsealed  honey.  The  cage  is  bet- 
ter made  a  full  inch  deep.  It  is  well 
also  to  make  it  four  or  five  inches 
long.  Unravel  about  one-half  inch  on 
all  sides  and  bend  at  right  angles  a 
full  inch  all  around.  It  should  be 
firmly  pressed  into  the  comb,  or  the 
bees  may  cut  the  cells  away  and  enter 
too  soon. — Editor. 


^VINTERING  EXPERIMENTS. 


Mr.    Miller's    Favorite    Plan    Not    a 
Success   in   Canada. 


By  J.  L.  Byer. 

APRIL  number  of  the  American 
Bee-Keeper  to  hand,  and  among 
other  items  I  read  with  interest 
Mr.  A.  C.  Miller's  article  on  "Results 
of  Some  Experiments  in  Wintei'ing."' 

By  way  of  preface  allow  me  to  say 
that  last  season  I  was  pretty  well  con- 
verted to  Mr.  Miller's  line  of  argument 
relative  to  the  wintering  of  bees  in 
single-walled  hives  covered  with 
tarred  felt  paper.  So  much  so,  in  fact, 
that  I  took  advantage  of  every  oppor- 
tunity offered,  both  in  private  and  pub- 
lic conversation  with  bee-keepers,  to 
express  my  views  on  this  question. 

To  prove  correctness  of  my  theory 
(rather  Mr.  Miller's)  by  practice,  last 
fall  I  prepared  26  colonies  in  two  dif- 
ferent yards,  thirteen  in  each  yard,  in 
manner  prescribed  by  Mr.  Miller. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


140 

All  were  good  strong  colonies,  in 
eight  frame  Quinby  hives,  heavy  with 
honey.  Entrances  three-fourths  by  five 
inches,  a  super  on  top  ®f  all,  half  the 
number  filled  with  chaff,  balance  with 
six  inches  of  dry  sawdust  instead  of 
chaff.  All  the  rest  of  the  bees,  (over 
200)  were  in  packed  hives  and  winter 
cases. 

Permanently  packed  hives  have  four 
inches  of  sawdust  around  sides  and 
back,  two  inches  in  front,  with  cush- 
ions filled  with  three  to  four  inches 
sawdust  on  top.  Winter  cases  have 
two  hives  in  each  case,  close  together, 
eight  inches  chaff',  sides  and  back, 
four  inches  in  front,  with  about  eight 
inches  chaff  over  the  top  of  all. 

Now  "as  to  results:"  Out  of  250  col- 
onies, 20  are  dead,  and  half  of  the 
number  are  among  the  papered  hives. 
To  make  matters  worse,  of  the  bal- 
ance in  said  hives,  only  three  are  in 
fair  condition.  Remainder,  if  they  pull 
through,  will  only  be  nuclei  by  the  time 
the  honey  flow  comes  on.  The  paper 
covered  *  hives  were  scattered  all 
through  the  yards  and  I  think  the  trial 
was  conducted  on  as  fair  a  basis  as 
could  possibly  be  arranged.  Now  I 
have  no  '"axe  to  grind"  anu  as  be- 
fore intimated,  if  the  "wish  had  been 
father  to  the  thought"  why  I  certainly 
would  have  expected  different  results. 
Had  this  same  experiment  been  con- 
ducted the  two  ])revious  winters,  no 
doul)t  there  would  have  been  a  dif- 
ferent story  to  tell.  It  takes  severe 
conditions  and  tests  to  prove  the  cor- 
rectness of  our  pet  theories. 

Just  now  am  inclined  to  think  that 
as  long  as  I  winter  bees  out  doo--^  i 
don't  "believe  we  may  safely  and  i^v  *- 
itably  dispense  with  double  hives." 
While,  as  with  Mr  Millei',  I  find  the 
"experiment  was  costly"  unless  we 
admit  truth  of  the  old  adage  "exper- 
ience is  a  good  teacher,"  am  not  in- 
clined to  own  up  that  "it  paid." 

As  to  what  INIr.  Miller  says  relative 
to  age  of  bees  and  other  conditions  es- 
sotitial  to  successful  wintering,  I  agree 
in  the  main;  however,  I  do  know  that 
by  giving  proper  attention  we  in  this 
latitude  can,  one  year  with  another, 
winter  95  per  cent  of  our  bees  suc- 
cessfully in  packed  hives.  Theory  is 
all  right  in  its  place,  but  let  us  be 
careful  lest  in  our  theorizing  we  sae- 


July 


rifice  too  much  of  the  practical,  only 
to  find  later  on  that  after  all  we  were 
mistaken. 

Markham,   Out.,   April  12.  1904. 


ADVICE  FOR  THE  NOVICE. 


By  G.  H.  Sammis. 

IT  MAY  be  a  good  time  to  buy  bees, 
in  the  winter,  but  it  is  a  poor  time 
to   move  them.     In   cold  weather 
the  comb  is  brittle,  and  it  is  liable  to 
break  down   in  moving   the  hive,   not 
only   causing  the    loss   of    the    honey 
which  has  been  left  for  winter  stores, 
but  leaving  a  vacant  place  which  the 
bees  cannot  keep  warm  as  they  will 
when  the  frames  are  filled  with  honey. 
The  bees,  too,  when  disturbed  by  mov- 
ing fill  themselves  with  honey  and  un- 
less there  is  a  warm  spell  so  that  they 
can  take  a  cleansing  flight,  this  may 
result   in    heavy    loss    from    dysentery 
among   them.     This   last  is   a    serious 
objection    against  moving  them,   even 
when    the   distance   is    but   short   and 
they  are  handled  so  carefully  as  not 
to  break  down  the  comb.     Before  mov- 
ing them  see  that  everything  is  ready 
for   their   reception.      Have   the   stand 
just  where  it  is   wanted;   near  to,   if 
not  in,  the  orchard,  away  from  roads 
and  driveways  and  where  neither  ani- 
mals, poultry  nor  children,  will  go  to 
stir  them  up  and  keep  them  cross  and, 
not  in  least  importance,  place  them  so 
that  they  will  have  shade  on  hot  days 
and  a  windbreak  in  winter,  as  a  shel- 
ter   from    the    prevailing    storms    and 
winds.     If  there  is  not  such   a  place 
just  right,  set  them  where  they  should 
be  and  build  the  shade  and  set  out  the 
trees  for  a  windbreak  or  build  a  board 
fence  for  that  purpose.     See  that  the"^ 
necessary   supplies  are -on  hand  early 
in  the  season  if  not  before  the  bees 
arrive.     There  should  be  at  least  one 
emptj'  hive  for  each   colony  and  two 
would   be   better,   as   they   are    pretty 
sure  to  swarm  once,  and  possibly  two 
or  three  times,  if  care  is  not  taken  to 
prevent  it,  and  for  those  with  little  ex 
perience    I    think    it    better     to    allow 
swarming   than   to   try  to  prevent  or 
control  it,  or  to  attempt  dividing  thf 
colony.     To  do  either  of  these  well  if 
an  art  not  often  learned  in  one  lesson 
With  the  hive  should  be  frames,  s<'C 
tions,   etc.,   and  enough    good   founda 


1904 


THE 


AMERICAN    KEE-KEEPER.  141 

otherwise  miscoiKluct  themselves.  The 
mutter  got  into  the  courts  finally. 

Cole's  health  became  poor  and  he 
concluded  to  give  up  bee-keeping.  He 
dealt  in  comb  and  extracted  honey  and 
had  nearby  trade.  None  of  his  honey- 
went  to  the  Philadelphia  markets. 

The  apiary  consisted  of  17  hives  of 
various  makes,  including  some  of 
Cole's  own  handiwork.  The  bees  were 
black  and  Messrs.  Selzer  and  Hornor 
say  they  were  very  lively  when  they 
first  tackled  them.  The  idea  was  to 
transfer  the  colonies  to  eight  and  ten 
frame  dovetailed  hives  and  catch  and 
kill  the  queens  and  supersede  them 
with  full-blooded  Italians.  The  Phil- 
adelphians  who  made  the  journey 
were   amply   repaid   for  their  trouble. 

Messrs.  Hornor  and  Selzer  did  tl3e 
actual  work  of  taking  the  old  hives 
apart  and  shaking  down  the  bees  from 
the  frames  in  front  of  the  new  hives. 
Each  visitor  was  handed  a  frame  cov- 
ered with  bees  and  asked  to  locate  the 
queen. 

"When  you  find  her  give  the  Indian 
yell"  said  Mr.  Selzer.  One  member, 
whose   eyes    were    sharp,    found    five. 


tion  to  fill  the  frames  and  surplus  box- 
es, and  to  be  ready  for  all  emergencies 
the  bee  smoker,  bee  veil,  and  gloves 
should  also  be  ready  so  that  the  hive 
can  be  opened  if  it  seems  necessary 
and  so  that  a  swarm  may  be  handled 
as  soon  as  it  clusters. 

It  may  be  more  profitable  to  send  a 
long  distance  and  pay  a  round  price 
for  a  colony  of  Italian  bees  than  to 
accept  a  hive  of  black  bees  as  a  gift 
from  a  neighbor,  but  we  should  take 
our  chance  with  the  black  bees  at  a 
reasonable  price  if  near  home,  and 
should  then  send  to  some  reliable 
party  for  an  Italian  queen,  paying 
what  might  be  asked  for  a  tested 
queen. 

Only  a  few  weeks  would  be  requir- 
ed to  change  a  colony  of  black  bees 
to  a  colony  of  Italians  and  to  two  col- 
onies as  soon  as  they  swarmed.  To 
buy  a  swarm  in  any  but  a  movable 
frame  hive  would  probably  be  poor 
economy,  as  it  needs  an  exjoerienced 
hand  to  transfer  it  into  a  proper  hive, 
and  the  help  to  do  this  will  greatly 
increase  the  cost  of  the  colony.  If 
it  is  done,  do  not  charge  the  expense 
against  the  bees,  but  stay  and  see  it    These  were  caught,  their  heads  pinch- 


done,  learn  all  that  it  is  possible  to 
learn  about  the  bees  while  watching 
the  operation  and  consider  the  ex- 
pense as  a  part  of  the  cost  of  an  edu- 
cation in  bee-keeping. 

Centerport,  N.   Y..   March  1,   1904. 


A  QUEEN  HUNTING  EXPEDI- 
TION. 


By.  M.  F.  Reeve. 


ed  and  they  were  tossed  over  the  fence 
to  the  chickens.  New  queens  were 
given  them  or  will  he  in  a  few  days. 
Several  colonies  were  queenless.  Most 
of  the  hives  were  well  stocked  with 
honey.  The  bees  were  gathering 
white  clover  nectar  at  the  time.  The 
frames  not  having  been  wired,  many 
of  them  were  broken  down  on  being 
handled,  and  the  combs,  with  their 
heavy  weight  of  honey  tumbled  out. 
At  least  three  of  the  hives  appeared 
to  have  been  tenanted  by  swarms 
which  had  been  given  empty  frames 
without  foundation  sheets  or  even 
starters.  As  a  result  the  bees  had 
gone  back  to  first  principles  and  had 
built  their  combs    the  shortest    way. 


PRESIDENT  Townsend,   Secretary 
Hahman,  and  a  few  other  mem- 
bers of    the    Philadelphia    Bee- 
Keepers'    Association,    including    your 
correspondent,   went  down  to  Woods- 
town,  N.  J.,  on  Saturday,  June  11,  to 

help   Messrs.    Selzer    and   Honor,   who  crosswise   of   the   frames 
operate  a  large  apiaiy   in   that  town, 
to  hunt  queen  bees. 

The  apiary  was  formely  owned  by 
J.  D.  Coles,  who  gained  much  noto- 
riety about  three  years  ago  by  having 
a  controversy  with  the  citizens  and 
the  town  authorities  about  his  bees, 
which  were  alleged  to  be  a  nuisance 
because  they  were  said  to  soil  the 
family  washing,  sting  the  children,and 


Mr.  Hornor  was  obliged  to  cut  the 
frames  to  pieces  in  order  to  get  out  the 
combs.  These  went  into  the  extract- 
ing cans.  All  good  combs  were  given 
back  to  the  colonies. 

All  containing  brood  were  cut  out. 
Mr.  Selzer  says  the  Woodstown  place 
has  been  leased  for  a  year  and  will 
be  used  as  a  shipping  point. 

The  past  winter  having  been  so  cold 


142 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


July 


and  severe  played  havoc  vsritli  bees 
throughout  the  United  States  and  just 
now  bees  are  bees.  I  understand  Sel- 
zer  and  Hornor  are  both  hustlers  and 
know  the  business  from  A  to  Z. 
Rutledge.  Pa.,  June  16,  1904. 


3. — One-eighth  is  all  right  over 
frames,  but  if  tiering  up,  upon  such  a 
hive,  it  would  be  necessary  that  three- 
sixteenths  to  one-eighth  space  be  af- 
forded below  frames  in  upper  story. 
The  combined  spaces,  it  will  be  noted, 
would  give  that  necessaiT  betweeai 
frames.  Read  farther  down  on  same 
page  of  Prof.  Benton's  book,  which 
fully  explains  this  point. 

4.— Eggs  hatch  in  about  three  days 
fi'om  the  laying  at  all  times — if  they 
hatch  at  all — we  believe. — Editor. 


Metz,   Wis.,   May  28,    1904. 
Mr.    Editor: 

I  have  some  questions  which  are  not 
well  answered  in  the  text  books  that 
I  wish  you  would  answer  in  July  Bee- 
Keeper: 

1. — I  bought  a  number  of  5  3-4  ex- 
tracting supers  that  have  no  bee  space 
over  the  frames — only  about  ti  scant 
one-eighth  of  an  inch.  Is  not  a  bee 
space   necessary?     I   thought  so. 

2. — Many  bee-keepers  speak  of  quilts. 
Of  what  and  how  are  they  made  and 
how  used?  As  no  cover  fits  closely, 
I  want  to  use  something  under  it. 
Will  a  cloth  of  any  sort  not  sink  down 
in  the  middle  and  cause  trouble? 

3.— I  see  that  Frank  Benton,  in  his 
"Manual  of  Apiculture,"  third  edition, 
page  44,  says  to  leave  only  one-eighth 
over  the  frames.     Is  that  all  right? 

4. — Do  eggs  always  hatch  three  days 
after  laying,  or  do  they  sometimes 
take  a  longer  time?  I  mean,  do  they 
ever  stay  in  the  hive  for  weeks  in  the 
winter,  or  at  other  times,  before 
hatching? 

By  answei-ing  in  July  number  you 
wilf  oblige.  Beginner. 

1.— A  bee  space  is  not  necessary 
over  the  frames,  but  is  quite  essential 
between  the  top  bars  of  the  lower 
story  and  the  bottom  bars  of  the  tipper 
story  when  tiering  up. 

2. — Quilts  may  be  made  of  any  cot- 
ton goods.  Twilled  goods  is  prefer- 
able. Tear  them  in  sizes  to  just  cover 
the  top  of  hives,  roll  them  up  and  dip 
edges  in  melted  wax  to  prevent  ravel- 
ing, and  lay  in  direct  contact  with  top 
of  frames  and  press  down  smoothly. 
In  your  climate,  such  an  arrangement 
is  really  preferable  to  the  bee  space 
and  honey  board. 


KEEPING-  SWARMS  SEPARATE. 
Westville  Ctr.,  N.  Y.,  Apr.  25,  1904. 
Mr.  Koop  asks  for  advice  where  a 
number  of  swarms  alight  on  the  same 
limb.  I  can  generally  prevent  swarms 
clustering  together,  when  the  second 
swarm  doesn't  come  out  imtil  the  first 
has  clustered,  or  nearly  so,  and  the 
third  until  the  second  has  clustered, 
and  so  on,  by  simply  spraying  the 
cluster  with  cold  water  and  keeping 
a  spray  of  water  playing  between  the 
clustered  swarm  and  the  swarm  in  the 
air.  It  sometimes  makes  lively  work 
and  takes  two  or  three  of  us,  but  I 
have  had  four  swarms  issue  one  after, 
another  so  quickly  that  all  we  could 
do  was  to  keep  spray  pump  and  dip- 
pers going.  But  we  landed  them  on 
four  different  trees  within  a  radius  of 
twenty-five  feet,  and  then  took  our 
leisure  hiving  them.  I  do  not  say  this* 
plan  always  works,  but  it  has  saved 
me  lots  of  work  separating  swarms.  I 
think  that  bee-keepers  who  do  not 
run  their  apiary  on  the  clipped  wingi 
plan  will  find  it  worth  trying. 

I  think  that  bee-keepers  who  live  in 
localities  where  they  have  cool  nights 
during  the  spring  months,  as  we  have 
in  northern  New  York,  should  pro- 
vide more  protection  over  the  brood 
nest  than  a  three-eighths  board  and  a 
thin  oil  cloth.  If  they  would  pack 
them  on  top  with  di-y  chaff,  sawdust, 
or  planer  shavings,  they  would  have 
less  spring  dwindling,  more  early 
swarms  and  more  bees  ready  when 
the  honey  flow  comes.  I  put  the  empty 
supers  on  the  first  thing  in  the  spring, 
when  I  set  them  out,  and  fill  them  up 
with  planer  shavings;  or,  what  is  bet- 
ter, fill  a  bran  sack  part  full  of  chaff 
and  pack  that  in  closely.  It  is  han- 
dier to  take  off  and  more  convenient 
when  looking  colonies  over. 

I  keep  packing  in  until  I  put  sec- 
tions on. 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


143 


This  is  a  Puzzle. 

Two  years  ago  I  took  off  a  few  su- 
pers of  honey  and  set  them  in  a  dark 
room.  The  bees  would  not  leave  one 
of  the  supers.  I  thought  the  queen 
must  be  with  them,  so  about  dark  I 
took  the  holders  out  and  brushed  them 
carefully  l)ack  into  the  hive.  The 
next  morning  there  was  nearly  two 
quarts  of  dead  bees  piled  out  hi  front 
of  the  hive.  Others  tell  me  I  must 
have  returned  them  to  the  wrong  hive, 
but  I  know  they  were  not.  Now,  I 
would  like  to  know  why  they  killed 
those  bees.  W.  Ji.   F. 


BEES   ON  THE  FARM. 


To  Beginners:  We  will  give  .$1.00 
cash  for  the  most  plausible  solu- 
tion received  before  July  15. — Editor. 


Maple  Grove,  N.  Y.,  May  !«.  1904. 
Editor  Bee-Keeper: 

I  became  the  owner  of  my  first  col- 
ony of  bees  in  1902,  and  I  want  to 
caution  beginners  about  carelessly 
handling  new  combs.  After  hiving 
my  first  swarm,  and  it  had  filled  the 
hive  with  new  combs,  I  had  to  move 
it  about  a  half-mile.  After  hauling  it 
in  a  two-wheeled  cart  to  the  new  loca- 
tion, I  attempted  to  carry  it  to  the 
stand,  but  stumbled,  and  bees,  hive 
and  all  lay  in  a  pile  on  the  ground.  I 
managed  to  get  things  together  again, 
but  the  combs  are  so  crooked  that  I 
am  unable  to  handle  them.  That  is 
why  I  want  to  caution  beginners 
never  to  try  to  carry  a  hive  without 
someone  to  help,  for  the  combs  are 
so  tender  and  brittle  that  a  slight  acci- 
dent may  spoil  the  whole  thing. 
Yours  truly, 

R.   T.   Crandall. 


Our  correspondent  seems  to  have 
overlooked  the  fact  that  when  two,  in- 
stead of  one  are  carrying  the  hive, 
the  chances  of  stumbling  are  two-fold 
greater  than  when  but  one  person  is 
handling  it.  A  single  story  hive  is 
more  easily  and  safely  handled  under 
all  circumstances  by  one  person. 
"Stumbling,"  however,  is  an  exercise 
which  should  not  be  indulged  in  at 
such  a  time.  It  is  better  to  wait  until 
one  is  through  with  his  bee  work,  if 
he  must  stumble,  and  repair,  empty- 
handed,  to  an  open  field  to  do  his 
stumbling.  It  is  allowable  to  think 
about  stumbling  when  can-ying  a  hive 
of  bees,  but  the  act  itself  must  be  de- 
ferred.— Editor. 


There  is  no  reason  why  farmers 
should  not  handle  their  bees  on  profi- 
table methods  even  if  they  have  but  a 
few  colonies.  Bees  as  kept  on  the 
farm,  a  few  colonies  here  and  ther?', 
scattered  in  difEerent  localities,  ordi- 
narily do  the  best  business,  for  they 
are  not  overstocked  as  they  are  fre- 
quently in  large  apiaries.  Almost 
double  the  amount  of  honey  can  be  ob- 
tained from  the  colony  thus  situated 
and  bee-keeping,  as  a  rule,  is  much 
more  profitableif  the  bees  are  in  prop- 
er shape  to  do  good  work.  The  great- 
est mistake  farmers  usually  make,  ac- 
cording to  one  versed  in  bee  culture,  is 
that  of  limiting  the  surplus  boxes, 
thus  not  furnishing  the  bees  with 
enough  surplus  capacity.  The  bees  fill 
this  limited  space  with  honey  in  a  few 
days  at  the  beginning  of  the  honey 
season  and  afterwards  turn  their  :it- 
tention  to  swarming,  and  several 
swarms  will  be  the  result  instead  of  a 
large  honey  yield.  Farmers,  in  con- 
nection with  their  other  work,  might 
as  well  reap  hundreds  of  pounds  of  thi 
finest  honey  instead  of  obtaining  but  a 
few  pounds  if  they  would  only  give  the 
bees  plenty  of  storage  room,  and 
promptly  take  the  honey  away  as  soon 
as  completed.  The  rule  among  small 
bee-keepers  is  to  give  but  a  small  sur- 
plus capacity  in  tbe  spring,  and  let 
this  remain  all  summer  to  be  taken 
off  in  the  fall,  supposing  that  it  is  an 
all  summer's  job  for  the  bees  to  do^ 
when  in  most  cases  this  space  is  filled 
in  a  week  or  twofi  and  allowed  +o  re- 
main in  the  hive  all  summer  which  re- 
duces it  to  a  poor  rade  of  honey  as 
well  as  a  small  amount.  Hundreds  ">f 
pounds  of  first-class  honey  might  have 
been  obtained  by  giving  a  large  capac- 
ity, and  removing  the  honey  as  fast 
it  is  stored  and  completed.  Some  lo- 
calities are  better  than  others,  and 
some  seasons  are  better  than  other 
seasons,  but  it  is  never  a  mistake  any 
season  to  thus  provide  for  the  most 
at  all  times  and  under  all  conditions. 
By  little  forethought  and  work  on 
the  part  of  the  average  Southern  Cali- 
fornia farmer  or  fruit  grower  he  could 
secure  all  the  honey  necessaiy  for  his 
own   use. — Rural   Calif omian. 


I 


4»M»MMM»M»»M»»M»'M-M-M-4»MM4f»MM»4MM>»»» 


THE 


Bee « Keeping  World 


staff  Contributors  :    F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ. 

Contributions  to  tliis  Department  are  solicited  from  all  quarters  of  the  earth. 


♦  MMMM4tM4fM»MMMMMMtMM4M»4M4MMMM» 


CHINESE  BEES. 

Two  kinds  of  bees  exist  iu  China. 
One  of  large  size  is  dreaded  by  the 
natives,  and  nothing  has  been  done 
toward  "robbing"  their  nests  or  to 
keep  them  in  hives. 

The  other  is  much  smaller.  The 
workers  are  only  three-eighths  of  an 
inch  long,  and  the  queens  nearly  half 
an  inch.  They  are  black,  with  less 
hair  than  the  European  kind,  and  that 
hair  is  of  a  rusty  color.  When  the 
abdomen  is  distended,  a  yellow  streak 
or  spot  is  seen  occupying  about  one- 
third  of  the  width  of  each  skin  be- 
tween the  rings.  The  stinger  is  short, 
the  venom  glands  more  developed  than 
those  of  the  European  kind,  but  the 
sting  is  less  painful  than  that  of  the 
European  bees. 

Their  nests  are  hung  under  the  limbs 
of  trees  or  some  other  more  or  less 
sheltered  but  not  completely  inclOised 
place.  Hunting  wild  bees  is  not  al- 
ways easy;  so  the  natives  are  in  the 
habit  of  putting  here  and  there  on 
some  trees,  pieces  of  bark  about  six 
feet  long,  and  placed  horizontally  or 
nearly  so,  so  that  the  imder  surface 
furnishes  the  wild  bees  a  sheltered 
place  to  hang  their  nests.  Of  one  hun- 
dred pieces  fixed  that  way,  from  twen- 
ty to  forty  are  soon  found  occupied 
by  swarms,  and  can  easily  be  har- 
vested. If  possible,  the  tree  called 
tram  (Melaleuca  leucodendron)  is 
chosen,  as  the  bees  seem  to  have  a 
preference  for  it.  The  "harvesting"  is 
usually  done  in  August.  Each  nest  fur- 
nishes one  or  two  pounds  of  wax  and 
a  quantity  of  honey.  To  climb  a  tree, 
the  hunter  uses  a  number  of  bamboo 
spikes,  which  he  drives  in  the  bark  of 
the  trees.  These  hold  the  weight  of 
a  man  as  well  as  an  iron  spike  driven 
in  a  telegraph  pole.  The  woods  are 
divided  in  portions  and  these  leased 
to  those  who  will  take  what  honey, 
gums,  resins  and  other  wild  products 
are  there. 

These  bees  are  also  kept  in  hives; 


that  is,  hollow  logs,  closed  at  the  ends 
with  pieces  of  bark  or  boards  fasten- 
ed with  "buffalo  chips"  mortar.  When 
the  robbing  is  done,  it  is  merely  a 
question  of  cutting  the  combs,  driving 
the  bees  off  with  smoke,  mashing 
combs  and  all,  and  melting  thsm  to 
separate  the  honey  and  the  wax.  The 
honey  is  decidedly  of  inferior  quality. 
— L'Apiculteur. 


TURKEY. 

A  brigand  named  Nebi  was  pursued 
by  the  Turkish  "gendarmes."  He  fi- 
nally took  refuge  in  a  small  house 
which,  like  all  the  oriental  houses,  had 
but  few  windows,  .iust  big  enough  to 
enable  the  brigand  to  shoot  down  the 
'•gendarmes''  at  his  own  convenience. 

In  a  garden  nearby  were  some  bee 
hives.  The  sergeant  of  the  gendarmes, 
finally  took  one  of  the  hives  and  man- 
aged to  throw  it  through  the  window 
into  the  house  then  occupied  by  the 
unfortunate  Nebi.  The  result  can 
easily  be  guessed.  What  may  not  be 
so  easily  guessed,  is  that  the  unfor- 
tunate Nebi  died  in  the  hospital  at 
Smyrna  the  next  day,  from  the  re- 
sults of  the  stings  received. — L'Api- 
culteur. 


FRANCE. 
Mr.  Betmale  observed  a  youngi 
queen  coming  out  to  mate  on  the  9th  f 
of  April.  The  weather  was  unfavor- 
able a  part  of  the  time,  the  drones' 
very  scarce  yet.  So,  after  several  un- 
successful attempts,  that  queen  mated' 
on  April  30.  The  3rd  of  May,  eggsi 
were  seen  in  a  few  cells,  workers  and' 
drone  cells  both.  May  4  the  queen 
came  out  and  mated  again.  The  fifth; 
and  following  days,  eggs  were  found: 
in  abundance. — L'Apiculteur. 


An  apiarist  of  St.  Jory  (France)  wasi 
sued  for  damages  done  by  his  bees  to 
the  grapes  of  one  of  his  neighbors. 
After  investigation,  the  court  decided! 
that,  as  wasps  and  other  insects  were 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


145 


also  guilty  of  said  damages,  that  other 
bees  than  those  of  the  apiarist  had 
likely  taken  part  in  the  pillaging,  that 
as  the  bees  did  not  open  the  grapes, 
but  only  sucked  the  already  damaged 
grains,  the  apiarist  could  not  be  held 
responsible  only  for  a  small  part  of 
the  damage  done,  and  therefore  con- 
demned hhu  to  pay  damages  to  the 
amount  of  60  cents  I — Gazette  Apicole. 

All  ai)iarists  know  that  foundation 
in  brood  combs  is  liable  to  buckle 
more  or  less.  Mr.  Kiihn  claims  that 
in  the  ]irocess  of  manufacture  the 
wax  is  pressed  hard  and  its  molecule.? 
are  in  an  abnormal  state.  When  the 
comb  of  foundation  is  placed  in  the 
hive,  the  wax  softens  enough  to  per- 
mit the  molecules  to  spread  apart  to 
'their  'normial  position;  hence  an  in- 
crease in  the  size  of  the  sheet  and  the 
consequent  buckling.  To  avoid  this, 
he  warms  the  sheets  of  foundation 
until  tbey  are  quite  soft  before  put- 
ting them  in  the  frames  Thus  treated, 
the  foundation  never  buckles.  The 
fact  is  conifirmed  by  Mr.  Ualon,  who 
had  recently  made  2,400  brood  combs 
with  heated  foundation.  All  are  per- 
fectly  straight. — L'Apirculteur. 


the  queen  is  left  alone  and  sometimes 
starves. 

Occasionally  .there  is  a  considerable 
amount  of  drone  brood  in  the  old  hive 
about  ready  to  hatch,  when  the  opera- 
tion is  performed.  After  they  emerge, 
they  are  prisoners,  die  in  the  hive  and 
obstruct  the  queen  excluder,  causing 
the  loss  of  the  remaining  bi'ood. 

Just  now,  while  writing  the  above 
two  Hues,  the  thought  occurs  to  me, 
that  this  could  be  obviated  by  open- 
ing now  and  then  the  entrance  of  the 
old  hive  and  let  them  out. — A.  G. — 
Le   Rucher   Beige. 


As  stated  before,  artificial,  or, 
rather,  anticipated  swarming.  ha,s 
been  largely  practiced  in  Europe.  Some 
of  the  methods  used  involve  the 
changing  of  place  of  the  colonies.  Mr. 
Whathelet  warns  the  "novices"  to 
never  put  a  colony  in  the  place  of  an- 
other except  in  good  weather  and  good 
flow  of  nectar,  otherwise  flghting  ttr 
robbing  would  follow.— The  Rucher 
Beige. 


The  price  of  honey  has  fallen  great- 
ly in  France  for  the  last  few  years. 
The  customai-y  price  for  100  kilo,  used 
to  be  from  110  to  130  francs.  Now  90 
francs  is  the  highest  price  paid,  and 
many  bee-keepers  are  thankful  to  get 
75  francs  for  their  crops.  It  is  inti- 
mated that  the  movable  comb  hive  is 
to  blame,  which  makes  it  possible  to 
obtain  from  20  to  30  kilograms  per 
hive,  against  five  to  ten  kilograms 
under  the  old  system.  It  is  also  said 
that  large  quantities  of  honey  are  im- 
ported, upon  which  no  duty  is  levied. 
— Leipz.    Bztg. 


GERMANY. 

For  years  the  German  bee-keepers 
have  used  various  tools  for  the  pur- 
pose of  removing  the  cappings  from 
combs  to  be  extracted.  They  have 
the  uncapping  fork,  uncapping  har- 
roAV,  the  spiked  roller,  the  uncapping 
plane,  and  also  some  more  complicated 
machinery  which  does  the  work.  All 
these  tools  do  not  see«i  to  satisfy. 
Fredinand  Holwek's  new  patented 
uncapping  plane,  as  herewith  illus- 
trated. Is  siiid  to  do  the  work  perfect- 
ly.   Nothing  better  need  be  looked  for. 


BELGIUM. 


The  process  of  transferring  gener- 
ally used  in  Europe  consists  in  drum- 
ming the  bees  and  the  queen  into  the 
new  hive,  then  put  a  queen  excluder 
on  it,  and  tbe  old  hive  on  the  excluder, 
closing  all  openings  except  the  en- 
trance to  the  new  hive.  After  twen- 
ty-one days  the  old  hive  has  no  more 
brood,  and  can  be  demolished. 

The  process  does  not  always  suc- 
ceed. Sometimes,  if  the  colony  is 
■weak  and  the  weather  unfavorable. 
the  bees  remain  in  the  old  hive,  and 


The  invento*'  says  in  Deutsche  Imber 
that  with  uniform  straight  combs  the 
cappings  are  all  removed  and  are  per- 
fectly dry.  This  implement  is  now 
manufactured  in  Sounenburg  and 
costs  about  $1.25. 


It  has  been  found  profitable  to 
space  frames  in  extracting  supers  a 
little  further  apart  than  such  for 
brood  bearing.  A.  Weber,  of  Schoe- 
naii  speaks  in  Leipz.  Bztg.  of  using 
very  thick  combs  of  more  than   two- 


146 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


July 


inch  spacing.  His  extracting  frames 
are  made  one  and  one-lialf  inces  wide, 
and  old  comb  is  used  preferably  to 
fill  tliem.  After  being  used  once,  and 
having  tlie  cells  all  lengthened  out, 
the  queen  cannot  deposit  eggs  in  them 
— at  any  rate,  the  instances  are  very 
rare  when  she  does,  even  when  the 
br»od  chamber  is  contracted.  Such 
thick  combs  prevent  the  storage  of 
pollen.  Herr  Weber  says  that  a  sub- 
stantial extractor  has  to  be  used  with 
such  heavy  combs. 


queen  cells  over  eggs  or  larvae?"  arft 
pretty  well  agreed  that  larvae  are  al- 
ways selected.  In  cases  where  only 
eggs  are  present  the  bees  wait  imtil 
some  larvae  have  hatched  before  cells 
are  built  o\ev  them. — Schweitz.  Btzg. 


SIBERIA. 


That  a  colony  of  bees  may  be  win- 
tered without  pollen,  and  even  with- 
out combs.  A  Ziche  reports  in  Central 
Blatt  of  having  succeeded  several 
years  ago  with  a  naked  swarm  of  bees 
which  he  received  from  a  friend  late 
in  the  fall.  The  bees  M-ere  put  into 
an  empty  straw  hive  and  kept  in  a 
garret  above  a  heated  room  diu'ing 
the  winter  months.  They  were  fed 
on  liquid  food  (honey).  At  the  close 
of  March  no  comb  had  been  built,  but 
soon  after  they  began  in  earnest  to 
build  a  comb.  They  were  then  placed 
in  the  bee-house  and  feeding  was  con- 
tinued. The  colony  proved  to  be  a 
proifitable  one  that  season. 


"Apiculteur"  says  that  there  are  sev- 
enteen different  kinds  of  linden  trees 
in  Siberia  which  blossom  in  close  suc- 
cession, thus  furnishing  the  bees  a 
long  continued,  most  excellent  honey 
season.  The  principal  hives  used  are 
American  hives.  As  the  winters  are 
very  severe,  only  strong  colonies  are 
taken  into  the  winter.  Indoor-winter- 
ing alone  is  practiced. 


AUSTRIA. 


During  1903  there  were  imported 
into  Germany,  in  round  numbers,  ac- 
cording to  "Die  Biene  und  ihre 
Zucht:"  From  Chili,  1,980,000  pounds 
of  honey;  from  Mexico,  636,000  pounds 
of  honey;  from  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico, 
1,267,000  pounds  of  honey;  from  the 
United  States,  840,000  pounds  of 
honey. 


Earthwax  has  largely  taken  the 
place  of  beeswax.  It  is  known  under 
the  name  of  "ozokerit"  and  is  found 
in  Utah,  California,  Roumania,  and 
Gahcia.  Its  color  is  dark  brown,  but 
when  refined  can  hardly  be  told  from 
the  genuine  beeswax.  It  is  spaded 
out  like  clay,  and  its  value  in  the  raw 
state  is  0.76  marks  per*  kilogram. — 
Centralblatt. 

Otto  Schulz,  of  comb  foundation 
fame  in  Germany,  is  now  manufac- 
turing comb  foundation  with  a  metal 
base. 


Hans  Techaczek  appeals  to  the  wives 
of  bee-keepers  and  urges  them  to  en- 
ter into  the  work  of  bee-keeping  and 
assist  their  husbands  in  the  handling 
of  the  bees.  He  says  that  it  has  come 
under  his  observation  a  number  of 
times  that,  where  the  bee-keeper  sud- 
denly died,  the  bees  and  the  apiarian 
implements  wei*e  almost  as  good  as 
given  away,  when  the  wife,  if  she 
had  been  able  to  continue  the  busi- 
ness, might  have  had  a  good  income. 
Techaczek  speaks  in  pai'ticular  of  the 
death  of  a  noted  bee-keeper.  Herr 
Sparytka,  who  left  an  apiary  of  fifty- 
eight  fine  colonies.  They  were  sold 
at  a  low  figure.  Schmid.  of  St.  Valen- 
tine, left  a  magnificent  apiary,  which, 
when  sold  with  all  the  apiarian  im- 
plements, did  not  bring  as  much  aS' 
his  American  foundation  mill  was* 
A^orth.— Bienen-Vater. 


SWITZERLAND. 

Eight  bee-keepers  of  Switzerland, 
who  give  the  answer  to  the  question. 
"Do     queenless      colonies       construct 


It  is  a  mystery  where  some  of  our 
agricultural  exchanges  get  much  of 
•the  information  (?)  with  which  to 
stuff  thieir  "Bee  Departments."  The 
supply  appears  to  be  always  ample  and 
divei'sified.  It  must  be  machine  made. 
A  year  or  so  ago  one  of  the  leading 
.ioumals  in  this  line  stated  that  slow 
cooling  was  the  secret  of  bright  yellow 
wax.  Now,  from  this  same  popular 
source  we  get  this  equally  brilliant 
"tip;"  "The  experiment  of  clipping 
the  queen's  wing  to  prevent  swax-ming 
has  been  tried  with  only  inditterent 
success."  These  are  but  samples  of 
the  apiarian  wisdom  usually  employed 
upon  the  staff  of  our  agricultural  pub- 
lications and  syndicate  newspapei-s. 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


14^ 


PUBLISHED  MONTHLY. 

THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MANFG.  Co. 

PROPRIETORS. 
H.    E.    HILL,  -  EDITOR, 

FORT  PIERCE,  FLA 


most  disastrous  year  we  have  ever 
had,  for  tlie  bees  in  the  honey  locali- 
ties are  not  securing  enough  honey  to 
live  on."  On  the  other  hand,  a  "hon- 
ey-man" from  Los  Angeles,  who  called 
upon  a  large  Eastern  dealer,  June 
11th,  assured  him  that  no  less  than  75 
car  loads  of  honey— 1904  crop— yet  re- 
mained unsold  in  Southern  California, 
upon  that  date.  It's  hard  to  believe 
that  such  a  thing  exists  among  "hon- 
ey-men," but  it  looks  mightily  as  if 
there  was  a  liar  abroad  in  tiie  laud 
somewhere. 


Terms. 

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postofiBce. 

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Matters  relating  in  any  way  to  business- 
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THE  AMERICAN   BEE-KEEPER, 
•  Falconer,  N.  Y. 

Articles  for  publication  or  letters  exclusively 
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Mr.  George  J.  VandeVoi-d,  Daytona, 
Fla.,  writes  that  he  has  had  a  most 
disastrous  season.  Has  had  over  300 
nuclei  in  operation  and,  since  April 
15th,  not  five  per  cent,  of  his  young 
queens  have  mated  and  begun  to  lay. 
He  has  had  to  decline  numerous  or- 
ders, and  is  returning  money  sent  for 
queens.  He  states  that  his  ad  in  our 
Directory  has  proved  "a  profitable  or- 
der getter"  for  him.  and  asks  that  it 
be  discontinued  until  he  can  locate 
more  favorably.  Like  Mr.  Vande 
Vord,  we  believe  Florida  to  be  one  ot 
the  most  unfavorable  countries  in  the 
United  States  for  the  rearing  of 
queens.  No  better  queens,  of  course, 
can  be  reared  anywhere  than  in  Flor- 
ida, but  so  many  conditions  conspire 
to  render  the  work  difficult  that  only 
those  exceptionally  well  located  can 
make  a  success  of  it.  We  have  simi- 
lar complaints  from  other  Florida 
breeders  this  season. 


There  have  been  numerous  reports 
of  the  sea.son's  failure  in  Southern 
California,  but  the  darkest  picture  of 
all  comes  from  Secretary  Brodbeck,  of 
the  National  Association,  to  the 
American  Bee  .Journal,  in  which  he 
says:  "There  will  be  no  honey  to 
speak  of  produced  in  Southem  Cali- 
fornia this  season,  and,  furthermore, 
now   looks   as  if  it  will   prove   the 


The  annual  convention  of  the  Na- 
tional Bee-Keepers'  Associa.tion  will 
be  held  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  September 
27,  28,  29  and  30.  The  27th  and  28th 
will  be  "International  Days,"  all  foi-- 
eign  bee-keepers  to  take  part.  The 
29th  will  be  "National  Association 
Day,"  and  the  30th.  "Inspectors'  Day," 
the  latter  to  be  devoted  to  tlie  dis- 
cussion of  diseases  of  bees.  General 
Manager  France,  writes  that  he  is  pre- 
paring a  large  map  of  the  United 
States  and  Europe,  and  upon  each 
State  will  be  affixed  one-pound  glass 
bottles  of  the  various  kinds  of  honey 
produced  in  the  respective  States.  A 
stenographic  report  of  the  convention 
will  be  taken  and  furnished  in  full  to 
all  members.  Programme  of  the  meet- 
ing will  be  Issued  later. 


1 

I 


Saw     palmetto,  one     of     the     chief 
sources    of    honey    supply      in     South 


148  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  July 

Florida,  has  failed  entirely  this  sea-  puts  such  honey  on  the  marliet  were 
son.  This  is  another  factor  which  the  only  one  affected  by  it,  it  would 
should  stimulate  a  more  active  market  be  less  matter.  But  the  whoie  mar- 
in  the  East.                 '  ket  is  to  some  extent  affected  by  it. 

The  consumer  who  gets  a   sample  of 

"THE  IRISH  BEE  GUIDE  "  such  honey  is  easily  persuaded  to  be- 

Our  sincere  thanks  are  due  the  lieje  that  it  is  no  longer  possible  to 
author,  Rev.  J.  G.  Digges,  M.  A.,  edi-  P*  ^'>^P^  ^^'""^  ^'^  pure  or  if  he  be- 
tor  of  the  Irish  Bee  Journal,  for  a  copy  ^'^^f  '\  P"/''^  ^  concludes  that  he  is 
of  the  new  apiarian  work,  "The  Irish  "^^  ^^^^^  ^^^  *^«°^y'  '"^"^^  ^"^^  ^^^  care 
Bee   Guide."     The   new    volume   con-  ^^^'  i^ore. 

tains  220  pages,  very  nicely  printed,  "What  are  the  inducements  In  ex- 
and  substantially  bound  in  cloth.  It  tracting  unripe  honey?  One  is,  that 
completelv  covers  the  subiect  of  bee  it  saves  labor  to  extract  before  the 
culture,  which  is  treated  in  Dr.  Digges'  honey  is  sealed.  But  the  mere  saving 
pecuUarlv  comprehensive  and  concise  of  the  labor  of  uncapping  would  be 
style.  The  illustrations  are  numerous  b"t  a  small  inducement  were  it  not  for 
and  of  exceptional  interest,  being  well  the  other  and  greater  inducement  of 
executed  and  each  bearing  a  signifi-  ^  larger  quantity.  To  get  just  a  little 
cant  relation  to  the  text  Many  of  more  honey  by  extracting  before  un- 
these  illustrations  are  reproductions  capping,  some  are  wilUng  to  spoil  the 
from  the  autlior's  own  photographs,  future  chances  of  themselves  and  oth- 
and  the  general  air  of  originality  ci's  tor  the  sake  of  the  present  gain, 
which  pervades  the  work  is  admirable  "Now  comes  Editor  Hill,  of  The 
in  the  extreme.  American   Bee-Keeper,   backed   by   no 

The  book  is  one  which  should  find  a  less  an  authority  than  the  veteran, 
place  in  every  apiarian  library  in  the  o.  O.  Poppleton,  saying  there  is  noth- 
world.  The  numerous  full-page  por-  ing  gained  in  quantity  by  extracting 
traits  of  Ireland's  beacon  lights,  are  before  ripening.  Ninety  per  cent,  of 
of  especial  interest  to  those  who  have  the  total  evaporation  occurs  during 
read  their  pen  production*  so  fre-  the  first  night  in  the  hive,  and  the 
quently  in  the  European  periodicals,  further  improvement  is  not  so  much 
while  the  original  Halftones  are  not  a  matter  of  evaporation  as  a  matter 
less  noteworthy.  We  bespeak  a  Tvide  of  influence  caused  by  the  presence 
circulation  for  this  recent  acquisition  of  the  bees,  an  influence  subtle,  but 
to  a,piarian  lore.  positively  known  to  every  experienced.' 

apia-rist,    whereby    the    honey    slowly 

LET  THE   HONEY  GET  RIPE.        but    surely    attains    tJiat     degree     of 

The  agricultural  press,  in  general,  ^^^^^^  a»*^  flavor  that  make  the  con- 
usually  makes  a  mess  of  anything  at-  s"mer  who  samples  it  wish  for  more, 
tempted  in  the  line  of  apiarian  discus-  "The  experiment  stations  would  be 
sions,  but  the  following,  from  the  doing  good  ser^ace  if  they  would  de^ 
Florida  Farmer  and  Fruit  Grower,  is  ^ide  for  us  just  how  much  can  be 
a  rare  exception  to  this  rule,  and  the  ojained  in  weight  by  extracting  un- 
comment  and  suggestions  are  so  ex-  npe  honev.  but  a  little  thinking) 
cellent  that  we  have  pleasure  in  re-  ought  to  convince  anyone  that  the' 
printing  it  in  the  American  Bee-  amount  must  be  vei-y  small  compared! 
Keeper:  with    the    lai-ge     amount  of    mischief 

"One  of  the  things— in  many   caises  caused  by  placiHg  such  honev  on  the 

it  may   \k>   said  the  thing— that  have  market.    On  any  good  honey  day,  take 

don*  more  than  all  else  to  injure  the  out  a   brood-comb  and  you  can  shake 

sale  of  extracted  honey,  is  the  putting  on*    easily    the     nectar — not    honey— 

up(m  the  market  of  honey  that  i,s  not  therein  contained;  but  go  the  next  day 

well    ripened.      Such    honey    does    not  before  the  bees  have  had  any  time  to 

improve  in  quality  after  it  leaves  the  do  any  gathering  and  no  nectar  will 

hands   of   the   pi-oducer;   generally,    if  be  found.    It  can  hardly  be  too  strong- 

not  always,  it  deteriorates,  sometimes  ly   emphasized,    that  the   gaia   to   the 

so  much  that  tJhe  producer  would  not  man   who   puts   unripe  honey   on  the 

recognlEe  it  as  the  honey  he  extracted,  market,  if  in  any  .sense  a  gain  at  all. 

It    becomes    ihin,     inclined    to    .sour,  is  overbalanced  by  the  resulting  loss 

with  a  flavor  so  vile  that  it  is  not  fit  to  himself,  besides  doing  au  irrepara- 

to  put  on  the  tabl«.     If  the  one  who  ble   mischief  to  ail  other  producers." 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


149 


THE   ORANGE   BLOSSOM   AS    A 
HONEY  PRODUCER. 

The  idea  seems  to  prevail  among  the 
inexperienced  that  the  orange  blossom 
is  an  important  factor  in  swelling  the 
honey  crops  of  producers  located  in 
orange-growing  sections.  Every  year 
we  receive  letters  which  prove  this 
fact.  The  orange  blossom  is  so  beau- 
tiful and  fragrant  that  it  is  univer- 
sally admired,  and  the  bees  join  hu- 
manity in  this  universal  admiration. 
However,  there  appeared  to  be  such 
a  diversity  of  opinion  in  regard  to  its 
nectar-yielding  merits  that  we  (jecided 
to  consult  expert  and  experienced  per- 
sons in  regard  to  the  question,  and 
the  result  has  been  that  much  space 
this  month  was  devoted  to  discussing 
the  question. 

But  once  in  his  life  has  the  editor  of 
The  Bee-Keeper  been  permitted  to  siee 
and  taste  a  sample  said  to  be  pure 
orange  blossom  honey.  Tliis  was  a 
number  of  years  ago,  in  Southern  Cal- 
ifornia; and  the  said  sample  was  not 
white  honey.  It  was  a  light  amber, 
with  a  flavor  actually  suggestive  of 
the  fragrance  of  the  orange  blossom, 
with  which  he  had  for  years  been 
familiar.  It  is  doubtful  if  there  lives 
today  a  man  who  is  better  qualified 
to  speak  upon  this  subject  than  Mr. 
W.  S.  Hart,  whose  article  we  publish 
in  this  number,  ilr.  Hart  is  not  only 
one  of  our  most  progressive  and  suc- 
cessful apiai'ists,  but  is  eminently  In 
the  front  rank  of  America's  orange 
growers,  and  his  article  is  therefore 
considered  exceptionally  meritorious 
in  this  connection. 

We  hare  heard  of  large  crops  of 
orange  blossom  honey,  and  have  read 
of  the  immensity  of  the  flows  during 
the  period  of  orange  bloom,  but  just 
what  the  producers  do  with  these 
great  harvests  is  not  know^  to  us. 
Orange  blossom  honey  has  certainly 
never  achieved  prominence  as  a  com- 
mercial commodity,  and,  from  our 
limited  experience  in  ora,nge  growing 
sections,  we  should  regard  it  as  an 
unimportant  source  of  honey.  We 
should  be  much  pleased  to  be  able  to 
secure  a  one-pound  sample  of  this 
honey,  for  exhibtion  at  St.  Louis,  but 
very  much  doubt  our  ability  to  get  so 
much  as  one  pound. 

The  excellence  of  this  product  seems 
to  be  generally  conceded,  but  Mr.  O.  O. 
Poppleton  advises  us  that  personally 
be  finds  a  disagreeable  taste  lurking 
in  the  mouth  soon  after  having  eaten 


it.  This  is  the  first  and  only  instance 
in  which  we  have  had  an  imfavorable 
report  in  this  direction. 

In  conclusion  we  would  say  to  those 
who  contemplate  moving  to  the  or- 
ange gi'oves  of  Florida  or  California, 
in  order  to  avail  themselves  of  the 
bountiful  harvests  of  honey  from  this 
source,  Don't  do  it!  If  you  are  in  a 
maple  or  elm  locality,  we  think  you 
have  a  fair  equfvalent  for  orange  blos- 
som.   ■ 

THE  LATE  DEACON  HARD- 
SCRABBLE. 

Many  of  our  readers  have  wi-itten  to 
express  their  regret  for  the  loss  of 
our  late  correspondent.  Deacon  Hard- 
scrabble.  In  fact,  we  have  been 
somewhat  surprised  to  learn  of  the 
deep-rooted  affection  held  by  many  ot 
our  readers  for  the  Deacon.  Several 
complimentai*y  press  notices  have 
also  appeared  in  other  journals.  The 
Rural  Bee-Keeper  says: 

"Deacon  Hardscrabble,  a  humorous 
and  sarcastic  writer  for  the  American 
Bee-Keeper,  is  dead.  By  his  death  the 
bee-keepers  of  the  country  have  sus- 
tained a  great  loss.  He  was  one 
among  the  soundest  writers  to  any  of 
our  bee  journals." 

Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture  expresses 
its  regard  for  the  departed  Deacon  in 
this  wise: 

"A  prominent  featui:e  of  the  Ameri- 
can Bee-Keeper  for  a  long  time  has 
been  the  articles  of  Deacon  Hard- 
scrabble. Although  Uncle  John  fre- 
quently dipped  his  pen  in  sulphuric 
acid,  and  more  frequently  fired  his 
gun  toward  those  who  might  be  con- 
sidered his  friends  than  towards  his 
enemies,  he  scored  a  good  many  fine 
points.  He  has  gone  the  way  of  all 
the  earth,  dying  Jan.  27.  A  good  photo 
of  him  appears  in  said  journal  for 
April." 

We,  too,  are  inclined  to  regard  it  as 
a  calamity  tha*  the  Deacoii  should 
have  been  cut  down  in  the  very  hay- 
day,  so  to  speak,  of  his  terrestrial  use- 
fulness, for  it  did  seem  that  the  effort 
and  chief  desii^e  of  his  life  were  to 
effect  a  reformation  in  beedom;  and 
since  his  demise,  as  we  tear  the  wrap- 
pers from  our  exchanges  by  the  dim 
light  of  our  lonely  sanctum,  there  is 
sometimes  what  may  be  described  as 
an  undescribable  turbulence  about 
the  dark  corners  of  our  nocturnal  re- 
treat, as  if  Uncle  John  were  vainly 
struggling  to  impart  some  important 
criticism. 


I 


130 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


July 


Now,  we  are  no  spiritualist,  and  are 
therefore  at  sea  as  to  a  method  of 
relief;  but  are  deeply  impressed  with 
a  thought  that  since  Uncle  John's  de- 
parture a  number  of  things  have  ac- 
cumulated Avhich  are  regarded  as 
needing  attention;  and  we  have  there- 
fore called  into  requisition  the  sei'- 
vices  of  a  mediumistic  friend,  who, 
it  is  hoped,  will  be  able  to  clear  up  the 
mystery  of  these  manifestations.  We 
have  also  set  a  number  of  cameras 
about  the  office  in  such  a  way,  and  so 
equipped,  tliat  we  may  be  able  to  illus- 
trate any  phenomenal  message  which 
Uncle  John  may  succeed  in  transmit- 
ting to  The  Bee-Keeper. 

This  is  rather  an  unusual  departure 
in  bee  journalism,  and  a  venture  which 
is  not  unattended  with  difficulties  to 
one  unskilled  in  the  intricacies  of 
spiritualism;  but  through  these  efforts 
we  seek  relief  from  such  disquieting 
conditions  when  concentration  of 
thought  upon  our  editorial  work  is  so 
important.  What  the  outcome  shall 
be,  our  readers  will  learn.  We  only 
hope  Uncle  John  will  spare  us  any 
weird  tales  of  bee-keepers  he  has  re- 
cently met,  and  confine  himself  to  this 
mundane  sphere. 


THE    OLD    WILEY    PLEASANTRY. 

The  Ladies'  Home  .Journal,  one  of 
the  most  widely  circulated  and  influ- 
ential home  magazines  in  the  English 
language,  publishes  in  its  June  issue  a 
two-column  article  contributed  by  Em- 
ma E.  Walker,  M.  D..  entitled  "Is 
Candy-Eating  Hamiful  for  Girls?  ' 
Dr.  Walker  treats  her  subject  in  a 
manner  to  convince  the  reader  that  he 
is  following  one  eminently  qualified  to 
speak;  but  when  a  bee-keeper  of  the 
twentieth  century  comes  to  the  follow- 
ing paragraphs  his  faith  in  the  writer's 
wisdom  drops  below  zero.  Listen  to 
Emma  E.  Walker.  M.D.: 

"One  of  the  causes  of  indigestion 
from  candy-eating  is  an  adulterant 
that  is  sometimes  employed — paraffin. 
This  is  especially  used  in  caramels  in 
order  to  make  them  cut  well  wuen 
poured  out  of  lue  mold,  and  it  is  some- 
times formd  in  old-fashioned  molasses 
candy.  A  most  ingenious  use  to  which 
paraffin  has  been  put  in  America  has 
been  the  manufacture  of  artificial 
honeycomb.  It  duplicates  the  natural 
conilis  remarkably  well;  the  little  cells 
are  then  filled  with  glucose  slightly 
•flavored  to  give  the  honey  taste,  and 


the  artificial  product  is  ready  for  use. 
This  is  not  harmful,  but  it  is  not  hon- 
ey. Paraffin  is  not  poison,  but  it  is  an 
adulterant,  and  taken  into  the  stomach 
it  is  indigestible." 

To  the  toiling  bee-Keeper  whose  ev- 
ery energy  for  years  has  been  bent  to 
produce  and  market  a  pure,  whole- 
some article,  educate  the  fraternity  in 
the  science  of  producing  and  handling 
rich,  thick,  delicious  honey,  and  con- 
tributing to  a  national  fund  the  chief 
purpose  of  which  is  prosecuting  those 
who  adulterate  liquid  honey,  is  it  not 
enough  to  bring  drops  of  sweat  to  his 
brow  to  read  this  hoarj'  canard  now 
in  the  columns  of  a  magazine  tJie  read- 
ers of  which  are  numbered  by  the  hun- 
dreds of  thousa,nds?  The  damage  to 
honey  producing  interests  of  America 
alone,  by  the  publication  of  this  sin- 
gle paragraph  cannot  be  computed, 
but  it  is  enormous;  and  it  is  the  obvi- 
ous duty  of  every  bee-keeper,  every- 
where, to  lend  his  aid  in  securing  re- 
dress for  the  Injury  thereby  sustained, 
by  writing  the  editor  of  the  Ladies' 
Home  Journal,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  ask- 
ing the  editor  to  be  kind  enough  to 
assist  us  in  undoing  the  wrong  by 
stating  the  truth  of  the  matter  to  his 
numerous  readers.  It  will  require  a 
very  urgent  demand  to  secure  such  a 
retraction,  for  the  editors  of  such 
publications  are  loth  to  acknowledge 
errors  committed  by  the  journals  over 
Avhlch  they  preside.  However,  about 
ten  thousand  letters  from  bee-keepers 
may  have  the  desired  effect.  We  trust 
the  reader  will  promptly  contribute 
his  mite  by  writing  an  urgent  but  re- 
spectful letter  at  once. 

Below  we  submit  a  letter  just  re- 
ceived in  response  to  a  very  urgent 
appeal  which  we  wrote  to  the  Ladies' 
Home  Journal  upon  reading  the  fore- 
going paragraph  in  its  columns: 

Philadelphia,  June  17,   1904. 
Dear  Sir: 

We  regret  that  you  feel  disturbed  by 
a  blunder  which  appears  to  have  been 
made  by  Dr.  Walker  in  her  reference 
to  adulterated  honey.  We  shall  for- 
ward your  letter  to  her,  and  quite 
likely  she  may  be  moved  to  make 
some  reply  directly  to  you. 
Very  truly  yours. 
Wm.  V.  Alexander, 

Managing    Editor. 

Now,  in  the  name  of  all  that  is  good 
and  great,  in  this  world  and  elsewhere, 
what  good  Avill  it  do  if     Dr.     Walker 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEF-: I'E^:. 


151 


should  condesceml  to  "make  some  re- 
pjy  directly"  totlie  editor  of  Tlae  Bee- 
Keeper;  or,  indeed,  if  she  should 
write  personally  to  each  of  the  400,000 
bee-keepers  in  the  United  States? 
What  we  want  is  that  readers  of  the 
Ladies'  Home  Journal  be  informed 
that  artificial  comb  honey  is  not  and 
never  was  in  existence.  The  Ladies' 
Home  Journal  has  told  its  readers  that 
artificial  comb  honey  is  made,  and  it 
is  its  obvious  duty  to  take  it  back,  if 
it  cares  to  sustain  a  reputation  for  re- 
liability. If  it  is  honest,  and  desires 
to  deal  honestly  with  its  patrons,  it 
will  not  hesitate  to  make  an  open 
Statement  of  the  truth;  but  it  devolves 
upon  the  bee-keepers  to  impress  this 
truth  upon  the  editor  of  the  offending 
periodical.  The  statement  is  libelous 
and  extremely  damaging  to  an  im- 
portant industry,  and  the  case  is  sutli- 
ciently  imporatnt  to  be  taken  in  hand 
by  the  National  Bee-Keepers'  Associa- 
tion. As  an  initiatory  step,  .each  and 
every  officer  of  the  Association  should 
write  a  strong  letter  to  the  Ladies' 
Home  Journal.  If  this  shonld  fail  to 
elicit  the  desired  retraction,  proceed- 
ings of  a  more  formal  character  might 
be  considered.  However,  the  readers 
of  the  Ladies'  Home  Journal  must  not 
be  left  to  believe  this  falsehood,  and  it 
is  up  to  the  bee-keepers  to  consider 
how  the  evil  may  best  be  dealt  with. 


ANTICIPATED    SWARMING. 

On  page  113  of  The  Bee-Keeper  for 
June  was  published  an  article  on  "An- 
ticipated Swarming,"  from  tiie  pen  of 
Mr.  Adrian  Getaz.  This  the  American 
Bee  Journal  has  reproduced,  with  the 
suggestion  that  it  might  be  worth  con- 
sidering. The  Journal  also  calls  at- 
tention to  one  point  which  may  possi- 
bly appear  obscure  to  some  readers, 
as  follows: 

"Mr.  Getaz  says  of  hive  No.  2,  'The 
absence  of  its  queen  during  the  eight 
days  that  the  brood  nests  were  ex- 
changed, has  killed  the  .swarming 
fever  completely.'  According  to  the 
description,  the  queen  has  not  been 
absent  from  the  hive  at  all,  but  the 
removal  of  the  colony  to  stand  No.  3 
has  deprived  it  of  its  flying  force,  and 
I  that  continued  for  eight  days  would 
[certainly  destroy  all  impulse  to  swarm. 
The  queen,  however,  will  continue 
I  laying  without  interruption,  and  when 
iBetumed  to  stand  No.  2  the  colony  will 
I  be  as  strong  as  ever.     Is  it  not  likely 


that  in  many  cases  it  will  then  decide 
to  swarm?" 

We  think  it  will  be  i-eadily  under- 
stood that  while  in  realit3f  the  queen 
has  not  been  absent  from  hive  No.  2, 
she  has  been  absent  from  the  working 
force  during  the  period  of  occupancy 
upon  stand  No.  3;  and  it  is,  doubtless, 
this  interruption  the  influence  of 
which  is  supposed  to  allay  the  swarn.- 
iug  inclination. 

Theorizing  in  .such  matters  is  all 
right  as  far  as  it  goes,  but  it  does  not 
go  very  far.  If  the  plan  has  proven 
successful  by  practical  demonstration, 
those  interested  are  at  .x^erty  to  test 
its  merits  in  their  own  practice,  and 
personal  opinions  a,s  to  what  may  be 
tue  outcome  are  utterly  valueless. 


MR.  THEILMANN  DEAD. 
In  the  June  edition  of  The  Bee- 
Keeper  was  published  an  article  on 
the  "Prevention  of  Increase,"  by  Mr. 
C.  Theilmann,  together  with  a  portrait 
of  the  venerable  author.  The  article 
was  written  last  August,  and  was 
held  until  this  year  for  publication  in 
oi-der  that  it  migiit  be  more  season- 
able. When  sending  in  the  contribu- 
tion, Mr.  Theilmann,  in  a  personal  let- 
ter to  the  editor,  said:  "This  will 
probably  be  the  last  article  I  shall 
ever  write  for  publication."  After 
holding  his  article  for  nearly  a  year, 
it  is  rather  a  noteworthy  coincidence 
that  upon  May  30,  the  very  day  that 
the  June  edition  was  being  wrapped 
for  mailing — the  edition  in  which  ap- 
peared his  article  and  portrait — Mr. 
Theilmann  bid  adieu  to  this  "vale  of 
tears."  The  apiarian  fraternity, 
through  the  death  of  Mr.  Theilmann, 
has  lost  a  worthy  and  highly  esteemed 
member,  and  The  American  Bee- 
Keeper  mourns  the  loss  of  a  true 
friend. 


Doubtless  many  bee-keepers  will 
have  become  discouraged  as  a  result 
of  the  heavy  losses  of  last  winter,  and 
therefore  discontinue  the  business. 
The  time  to  stick,  and  stick  fast,  to 
any  business  is  when  others  are  with- 
drawing. Such  a  general  decrease  in 
the  producing  capacity  of  the  coun- 
try will  have  a  reaction  favorable  to 
those  still  holding  on  and  increasing 
their  capacity  for  production. 


When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


An  able  and  experienced  bee-keeper 
in  Massachusetts  writes:  "I  consider 
The  Bee-Keeper  first-class,  and  look 
forward  to  its  coming  each  month 
with  much  interest."  That  appears 
to  be  the  general  consensus,  and  is 
very  gratifying  to  the  publishers  and 
editor. 


A  letter  from  Editor  Putnam,  of  the 
Rural  Bee-Keeper,  River  Falls,  Wis., 
under  date  of  June  9,  says:  "White 
clover  honey  bids  fair  to  be  a  good 
crop  this  season.  Bees  are  building 
up  fine  and  clover  is  looking  well." 
We  trust  the  fondest  hopes  of  the  Wis- 
consin boys  may  be  realized. 


Sunshine 


is  gaining  ad- 
miration as  a 
fjopular  litera- 
ry family 

^-^-^^~"^^^"^^  MAGAZINE. 
It  entertains  its  readers  -with  good  short  stor- 
ies, sketches  and  poems  by  the  most  famous 
authors  of  the  day  and  is  a  magazine  of  supe- 
rior merit. 

It  is  a  welcome  visitor  in  every  home. 

Price  25  cents  a  year. 

We  ^vish  to  haye  our  magazine  in  your 
vicinity  and  as  a  special  offer  for  new  readers 
we  will  send  you 

Sunshine  for  1  Year  for  lOc. 

Think  of  it.  less  than  one  cent  a  copy.    Can't 
you  act  as  our  agent  ? 

ADD.  MAYES  PUB.  CO., 
LOUISVILLE,       =        KENTUCKY. 


Clubbing  Offers 

Here  Is  a  Sample: 

Modern   Farmer $  .50 

Western  Fruit  Grower 50 

Poultry  Gazette 25 

Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture 1.00 

$2.25 
All  One  Year  for  only  $1.00. 

Write  for  others  just  as  good,  or  bet- 
ter. 

SAMPLE  FREE. 

New  subscribers  can  have  the  Amer- 
can  Bee  Journal  in  place  of  Gleanings, 
if  they  wish,  or  all  for  $1.60.  Renew- 
als to  A.  B.  J.  add  40c.  more. 

MODERN  FARMER, 

The  Clean  Farm  Paper 
St.  Joseph,  Mo. 


3  and  5=Banded  Italian 
and  Carniolan  Queens. 

Say  friends,  you  who  have  support* 
ed  us  during  the  past  season,  w< 
desire  to  express  our  thanks  foi 
your  patronage  in  the  past,  anc 
respectfully  solicit  a  continuance  o) 
your  valued  favors  through  the  seai 
son  of  1904, 
Our  queens  now  stand  upon  theb 
merits  and  foi*mer  record.  We  an 
preparing  for  next  season,  and  seeb 
ing  the  patronage  of  large  apiaristJ 
and  dealers.  We  do  not  claim  tha 
our  queens  are  superior  to  all  otb 
ers,  but  that  they  are  as  good  ai 
the  best.  We  will  furnish  from  om 
to  a  thousand  at  the  followinj 
prices:  "''^sted  of  either  race,  $1 
one  unte  d,  75c.,  5  for  $3.25,  1 
for  $G,  15  for  $8.25,  25  for  $12.50,  5 
for  $23.50,  100  for  $45. 
For  descriptive  circulars  address, 

JOHN  W.  PHARR,  Prop., 

New  Century  Queen  Rearing  Co.,  Bei 
Clair,  Goliad  Co.,  Texas. 


IF  YOU 

WANT  TO  GROW 

Vegetables,  Fruits  and  Farm 
Products  in  Florida  subscribe 
for  the  FLORIDA  AQRICUL= 
JURIST.  Sample  copy  sent 
on  application. 


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JACKSONVILLE,  FLORIDA. 


BEWARE 

WHERE   YOU    BUY  YOUR 

BEEWARE 


i 


J^ 


WATER  TOWN, 


WIS! 


MAKES  THE    FINEST 


G.  B.  LEWIS  ik  CO. 
Watertown,  Wis. 


Send  fc 
Catalof 


ONE-HALr  INCH  SPACE  ONE  YEAR  ON  THIS  PAGE,  $3.00. 


■HE  A.   I.  ROOT  CO..  MEDi.>A,   OHIO. 
Breeders   of   Italian  bees   and  queens. 


^  UEENS    from    Jamaica    any    day    in    the 
i^      year      Untested,    66c.;    tested,    $1.00;    se- 
ct tested,  $1.50.     Our  queens  are  reared  from 
very  finest  strains.     Geo.  W.   Phillips,  Sav- 
■Mar  P  O.,  Jamaica,  W.  I.  (5-5) 


AWRENCE  C.  MILLER,  BOX  1113,  PROVI- 
DENCE, R.  I.,  is  tilling  orders  for  the  popu- 
hardy,   honey-getting    rrovidence  strain  of 

leens.     Write  for  free  information. 


H.  W.  WEBER,   CINCINNATI,  OHIO 

(Cor.      Central     and     Freeman     Aves.) 

)lden     yellow,    Red     Clover     and     Carniolan 

eens,    bred  from   select   mothers  in   separate 

iaries. 


)HN  M.  DAVIS,  SPRING  HILL.  TENN.. 

sends  out  the  choicest  3-banded  and  gold 

Italian    queens    that    skill    and    experience 

produce.      Satisfaction     guaranteed.       No 

ease. 


UIRIN,    the   Queen    Breeder,    has    an    ex- 
ceptionally hardy   strain  of   Italian  bees; 
wintered  on   their  summer  stands   within 
ew   miles    of   bleak    Lake    Erie.      Send    for 
«  Circular.      BelleVue,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


J.  DAVIS.  Jr.,  YOUNGSVILLE,  PA.,  breed- 
•_  er  of  Choice  Italian  Bees  and  Queens. 
Jity,  not  quantity,  is  my  motto.        ~ 


C  WARTHMORE  APIARIES,  SWARTH- 
'-'  MORE,  PA.  Our  bees  and  queens  are 
the  brightest  Italians  procurable.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed.  Correspondence  in  English, 
French,  German  and  Spanish.  Shipments  to 
all  parts  of  the  world. 


C  LONE  BEE  CO.,  SLONE;  LOUISIANA. 
"-^  Fine  Golden  Queens.  Leather-Colared 
Italians   and    Holy    Lands.      Prices    low. 


QUEEN  BEES  are  now  ready  to  mail. 
Golden  Italians,  Red  Clover  three-banded 
queens  and  Camiolans.  We  guarantee  safe 
arrival  The  Fred  W.  Muth  Co.,  51  Walnut 
St.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


w. 


Z.   HUTCHINSON,   FLINT,  MICH. 
Superior     stock     queens,     $1.50     each; 
queen  and   Bee-Keepers'   Review   one  year  for 
only  $2.00. 


m 


CORE'S  LONG-TONGUED  STRAIN 
of  Italians  become  more  and  more  popu- 
lar each  year.  Those  who  have  tested  them 
know  why.  Descriptive  circular  free  to  all. 
Write  J.   P.   Moore,   L.   Box  1,   Morgan,   Ky.     4 


'rHE  HONEY  AND  BEE  COMPANY. 
1  BEEVILLE,  TEXAS.  Holy  Land,  Car- 
niolan, Cyprian,  Albino  and  3  and  5-banded 
Italian  queens.  Write  for  our  low  prices. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed. 


pUNIC    BEES.      All    other  races    are    dis- 

•      carded  after  trial  of  these  wonderful  bees, 

r'articulars    post    free.      John  Hewitt    &    Co., 
Sheffield,   England.  4 


;^"Lrnder  this  heading  will  be  inserted,  for  reliable  dealers,  two  lines  one 
year  for  $1.25.  Additional  words,  12c  a  word.  No  announcement  can 
be  accepted  for  less  than  one  year  at  these  rates. „^ 


OHIO. 


C.  H.  W.  WEBER,  Freeman  and  Central 
Aves.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  If  for  sale,  mail 
sample,  and  state  price  expected  delivered 
in  Cincinnati.  If  in  want,  write  lor  prices. 
and    state    quality   and    quantity    wanted. 

(5-5) 


We  are  always  in  the  marktt  for  extracted 
honey,  as  we  sell  unlimited  quantities.  Send 
us  a  sample  and  your  best  price  delivered 
here.  THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51 
Walnut   St.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


COLORADO. 


THE  COLORADO   HONEY  PRODUCEl 
ASS'N,  1440  Market  St.,  Denver,  Colo. 


ILLINOIS. 


R.    A.    BURNETT   &   CO.,   199  South   W< 
Street,    Chicago.  (5-; 


HONEY  AND  BEESWAX 
MARKET. 

Denver,  Colo.,  June  11. — The  supply  of  ex- 
tracted honey  is  plentiful,  with  slow  demana. 
We  quote  today  as  follows:  Xo.  1  white,  per 
case  of  24  sections,  $2.75.  Extracted,  in  a 
local  way,  7  to  7H  cents.  Beeswax.  22  to  2S 
cents.  Arrival  of  small  fruits  has  depressing 
effect  on  honey  market.  We  are  cleared  up 
on   comb   honey. 

Colorado  Honey  Producers'   Assn., 

1440    Market    Street. 


Kansas  City,  Mo,  June  10. — The  supply  of 
honey  is  very  limited,  with  steady  demand. 
New  honey  has  not  begun  to  arrive  yet,  and 
we  look  for  the  market  to  remain  in  its  pres- 
ent condition  for  awhile.  We  quote  our  mar- 
ket today  as  follows:  Comb,  $2.25  to  $3.00 
per  case.  Extracted,  dull.  Beeswax,  30  cents. 
C.   C.    demons  &  Co. 

Chicago,  May  9. — The  market  has  an  over- 
supply  of  comb  honey,  very  little  of  which 
will  pass  as  No.  1  grade.  Price  is  11  to  12 
cents  per  pound,  and  off  grades  at  a  corre^ 
sponding  value.  Extracted,  S  to  7  cents  per 
pound  for  best  grades  of  white;  amber  colors, 
5  to  6  cents  per  pound.  Beeswax,  30  cents 
per   pound. 

R.  A.  Burnett  &  Co., 

199  South  Water  Street. 


New  York,  May  17. — Comb  honey  very 
(Juiet  and  dark  grades  or  anything  but  fancy 
is  in  no  demand.  The  supply  of  honey  is 
large.  We  quote  our  market  today  as  fol- 
lows: Fancy  comb,  13c.;  No.  1,  i2c. ;  am- 
ber, 10c.  Extracted,  white,  6^2-. ,  amber,  5  to 
5V^c.     Beeswax,    30c. 

Hiidreth    &   Segelken. 


Cincinnati,  Ohio,  June  15. — The  demand  , 
honey  is  slow  for  this  season  of  the  y 
which  is  due  to  the  vast  quantities  that 
held  over  from  last  season,  and  the  impc 
tion  of  Cuban  honey.  We  quote  amber, 
barrels  and  cans,  at  5J^4  to  V/i  cents.  W 
clover,  6^/^  to  8  cents.  Beeswax,  30  cents 
The   Fred   W.    Muth   Co., 

No.  51  Walnut  Stre(, 


Dublin,      Ireland,     June     8. — Old     crop 
cleared   up.     No  new    stock  offering   yet. 

O.    &   R.   Fry 


Cent=a=Word  Colum 


"INCREASE"  is  the  title  of  a  little  b 
let  by  Swarthmore;  tells  how  to  make 
winter  losses  without  much  labor  and  i 
out  breaking  up  full  colonies;  entirely 
plan.  25  cents.  Prospectus  free, 
dress    E.    L.    Pratt,    Swarthmore,    Pa. 


Buffalo,  May  16. — Fruit  hurts  the  sale  of  all 
grades  of  honey  and  we  cannot  encourage 
shipments  here  unless  shinpers  want  their 
honey  sold  low.  The  supply  is  moderate  and 
the  demand  very  light.  We  quote  as  follows 
today:  Comb,  7  to  12c.,  as  to  quality.  Ex- 
tracted, 5  to  8c.     Beeswax,  28  to  32c. 

Batterson   &   Co. 

Matanzas,  Cuba,  May  26. — Old  crop  is  about 
all  sold.  Last  sales  were  at  26  cents  a  gallon ; 
one  cent  additional  for  each  gallon  in  casks. 
Beeswax  is  quoted  at  $31.25,  Spanish  gold,  per 

cwt.  ■,  if 


FOR  SALE— A  Hawkeye,  Jr.,  Camera  c 
plete.  Uses  both  film  and  plates.  Cost  $ 
will  sell  with  leather  case  for  J-'?.50  c 
Address  Empire  Washer  Co.,  Falconer,* 
Y. 


A  TANDEM   BICYCLE  (for  man  and  1: 
cost  J150,  in  first-class  condition,  was  bui 
order  for  the  owner.     Tires  new.     \\i\\ 
for  ^25  cash.     Satisfaction   guaranteed, 
dress    J.    Clayborne    Merrill,    130    Lakev  f^ 
ave.,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 

AGENTS   WANTED  to  sell  advertising 
ties,     good    commission    allowed.      Send 
catalogue    and    terms.      American    Mam  I 
turing  Concern,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


WANTED — To     exchange     six-month's 
subscription    to    The   American    Bee-Ke  I 
for   20    cents   in    postage    stamps.      Add,! 
Bee-Keeper,  Falconer,  N.  Y. 


LEOTA  APIARY.— Pure  honey  for  sail 
all  times.  Thos.  Worthington,  L^ 
Miss.  <« 


The  Pacific  States  Bee  Journal 
AND   THE 

Kocky  Mountain  Bee  Journal 

Have  been  consolidated,  and 
will  hereafter  be  published  as 
one  journal  under  the  name. 

WESTERN   BEE   JOURNAL 

The  new  publication  will  be 
larger  and  better  than  either  of 
its  predecessors,  and  its  pub- 
lisher will  make  every  effort  to 
make  it  the  best  bee  journal 
published  anywhere.  It  is  pub- 
lished in  the  west,  where  the 
largest  apiaries  in  the  world  are 
located,  and  is  therefore  most  in 
touch  with  what  is  best  and 
most  practical  in  beetlom. 

Write  for  free  Sample  copy. 

Subscription  $1.00  per  annum. 

P.  F.  ADELSBACH, 

I  Editor  and  Publisher, 

HANFORD,  CALIFORNIA 


National  Bee^Keepers'  Association, 

The  largest  bee-keepers'  society  in  the 
orld. 

Organized  to  protect  and  promote  the 
iterests  of  its  members. 

Membership  Fee,  $1.00  a  Year. 

<.  E.FRANCE,  Platteville,  Wis., 

General  Manager  and  Treasurer. 


.■jH<|<J)V(yJl  tuaJlLjiiiluNlfc^iUjKJ^ityjt^A^nt  ^^t^^^^^A^A^li^  ^^^J^j^t^iyl^^^^ 

D            Subscription  Agencies.  C 

J      Subscinptions    for     the    Ameri-  ^ 

3   can  Bee-Keeper  may  be  entered  © 

3    through    any    of    the    following  C 

3   ag'ents,    when    more    convenient  © 

I   than  remitting  to  our  offices  at  i^ 

I   Fort   Pierce,   Florida,  or  James-  $ 

I    town,  N.  Y.:  © 

J.    E.    Jonhson,     Williamsfield,  c 

:ii.  I 

The  Fred  W.  Muth  Company,  g 

51  Walnut  St.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  C 

John  W.   Pharr,  Berclair,  Tex.  ^ 

Miss    S.    Swan,    Port    Burwell,  © 

Ontario.  ^ 


\ 


1 3  G.    A.    Nunez,     Stann     Creek,  C 

I  2  British  Honduras.  £ 

ij  Walter  T.   Mills,  Burnham,  N.  © 

^  Rochester,  Kent  Co.,  Iran  House,  © 

1  England.  © 
3  G.  J.  S.  Small,  Marton,  Wang-  © 
3  anui,  New  Zealand.  S 
5  H.  H.  Robinson,  Independeucia  © 

2  16,  Matanzas,  Cuba.  ^ 
5  Colorado  Honey  Producers'  © 
I  Association.     1440     Market     St.,  © 

3  Denver,  Colo.  © 


A  Boon 
For 


PoiiltrjKeerBB 


How  we  make  our  bens  pay  400 
per  cent,  profit,  new  system,  our 
own  method,  fully  explained  in 
our  Illustrated  Poultry  Book,  which  contains 
Poultry  Keepers'  Acc't  and  Eag  Record  showing 
K^lns  or  losses  e  verj-  month  for  one  year.  Worth  35 
cts,  sent  to  you  for  lOc.  If  you  wUl  send  names  of  5 
mltry  keepers  with  your  order;    Address, 

VlBliERT.  P.B.  56.  ClintonTille.  Conn 


r 


CASH  FOR  YOl 


The  American  Bee-Keeper  is  in  the  market  to  buy  arti- 
cles on  bee-keeping  subjects.  Articles  with  photographs 
to  illustrate  are  especially  desired.  We  will  pay  well  for 
good  work.  We  want  reporters  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 
Give  us  an  opportunity  to  bid  on  your  pen  productions 
and  the  results  of  your  photographic  skill.     Address, 

THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER, 

Fort  Pierce,  Fla. 


special  Notice  to  Bee=kcepcrs!      ^ 

BOSTON 

MoBcy  in  Bees  for  You. 
Catalog  Price  on 

ROOT^S  SUPPLIES      1 

Catalog  for  the  Asking.  tj 


F.  H.  Farmer,  182  Friend  St.,        § 
Boston,  Mass.  i^ 

L  Up  First  Flight.  ^ 


PROVIDENCE   QUEERS 
ROVE  THEIR  (JOALITEIS 

TO  BE 

UNEXCELLED 

Head  your  colonies  with  them. 
Use  them  to  invigorate  your  stock. 
They  will  increase  your  profits. 
Produced  by  many  years  of  careful 
breeding.  A  circular  will  be  sent 
on  request. 

LAWRENCE   C.  MILLER, 
P.  O.Box  1113.  Providence,  R.  I. 

Put  Your  Trust  in  Providence  Queens 


20  per  cent.  Profit 

Pineapples,  Oranges,  Grape  Fruit 

Make    a    Specialty    for    Non-Resident    Owners 
and  Intending  Settlers  in  the 

Lovely    Lake  Region  of  South    Florida. 

20    er    cent,    annual    return   on    investment. 

Pure  air,  pure  water,  no  mosquitoes.  High 
pine  and  oak  land,  bordered  by  fresh  water 
lakes,  suited  to  all  citrus  fruits  and  pineapples. 
Good  title.  Time  payments.  Address  for  de- 
scriptive matter,  W.  E.  Pabor,  Manager  Pa- 
bor    Lake    Pineries,    Avon    Park,    Fla.  tf 


mmm 


CAVEATS,  TRADE  MARKS, 

COPYRIGHTS  AND  DESIGNS.) 

'  Send  your  business  direct  to  'Washington,  < 
saves  time,  costs  less,  better  service,     J 

My  ofSce  close  to  U.  3.  Patent  Office.  FREE  preUmln-  ( 
•  ary  examinaMonB  made.  Atty's  fee  not  due  until  patent  ( 
>  is  secured.  PERSONAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN-19  YEARS  t 
'  ACTUAL  EXPERIENCE.  Book  "How  to  obtain  Patents,"  i' 
[etc.,  sent  free.  Patents  procured  through  E.  G.  Siggen' 
I  receive   special    notice,    without   charge,    in    the  J 

INVENTIVE    AGE; 

[illustrated  monthly— Eleventh  year— terms,  $1.  a  year. 

iE.G.8IGGERS,rs„^,«=jTbi?.o«'i: 


H.  K 


If,    BIKGHAI 

J     has   made   all    the  Im, 
provemeiits  ii 

Bee  Smokers  anc 
Honey  Knives 

made  in  ilie   last  20   years,  undoubted!) 
he  makes  the  best  on  earth. 

Smoke  Engine,    4  inch  stove,   none  too  largt,  sen 

postpaid,  per  mail $1.5 

3^  inch 1.1 

Knife,  80  cents.  3  inch 1.0. 

2!^  inch 9 

r.  F.Bingham,  ^'"^''wy  v:"   'l 

_  .,    .«,    ^        Lattle  Wonder,  2  in.     .6 

Farwell,  Mich. 

Patent  Wired  Comb  Foandatlon 

has  no  sag^  in  brood  frames 

Thin  Flat  Bottom  FouodatiOB 

has  no  Fish-bone  in  Surplus  Honey 
Being  the  cleanest  is  usually  worked  th  f 
quickest  of  any  foundation  made.  The  tal 
about  wiring  frames  seems  absurd.  We  furnisl ' 
a  Wired  Foundation  that  is  Better,  Cheape 
and  not  half  the  trouble  to  use  that  it  is  t' ' 
wire  brood  frames. 
Circulars    and    sample    free. 

J.    VAN  DEUSEN    A  SONS, 

Sole    Manufacturers 
Montgomery  Co.,  Sprout  Brook,  N.  Yl 


1.  J.  STRINQHAM,   105  Park  PI.,  N.  Y.  City 

Keeps  a  full  stock  of  hives,  sections,  and  smokers— in  factt 
everything  a  bee-keeper  uses. 


Colonies  of  Italian  Bees,  in  shipping  boxes, 
3  fr,  nuc.  col. 

Unt.  Italian  Queens,  _             _             - 

Tested  Italian  Queens,  -            -            - 

Apiaries.     Glen  Cove,  L.  I. 


$5.75 

3.75 

.85 

J. 00 

Catalog  free. 


HE  ONLY  GERMAN   AGRICULTIRAL  MONTN- 
Y  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  Jtjtjltjtjtjijltjlt 

^ARM  UND  HAUS 

The    most    carefully    edited    German 
•agricultural  journal.     It  is  brimful  of 
iractical   information   and   useful   hints 
or  the  up-to-date  farmer;  devoted  to 
tock  raising,  general  farming,  garden- 
ig,  poultry,  bee-keeping,  etc.,  and  con- 
ains  a  department  for  the  household, 
jhich.  many  find  valuable.  Another  de- 
artment  giving  valuable   receipts  and 
emedies  called  "Hasarzt,"  in  fact  every 
umber  contains  articles  of  real  prac- 

cal  use. 

Price  only  35  CENTS  per  year.  Sarn- 
ie copy  free. 

Send  subscriptions  to, 

'ARM    UND    HAUS 

tf-                     BLUFFTON,  OHIO. 

Are  You  Looking  for  a  Home? 

No  farmer  should  think  of  buying  land 
before  seeing  a  copy  of  THE  FARM  AND 
REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAL.    It  contains 
the    largest   list   of   lands   for   sale   of  any 
paper   published    in   Iowa.      Reaches   30,000 
readers  each  issue,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
advertising  mediums  to  reach  the  farmers 
and   the   Home-Seekers   that   you   can    ad- 
vertise in.     For  75e.  we  will  mail  you  the 
Journal   for  1    year,    or    for   ten    cents    in 
silver    or    stamps    we    will    send    you    the 
Journal  2  months  on  trial.    Address, 

Farm  and  Real  Estate  Journal, 

TRAEB,  TAMA  CO.,  IOWA. 
10-tf. 

Strawberries. 

Attica  Lithia  Springs  Hotel 

Lithia-Sulpbur  Water  aud  Mud  Baths 

Young,  healthy,   fresh,   vigor- 
ous stock  in  prime  condition  for 
spring  planting. 

All 

Leading 

Varieties 

Write  for  prices  and  terms. 

MONROE    STRAWBERRY    CO., 

Box  66  MONROE,  MICH. 

Nature's  Own  Great  Cure  for 

...RHEUMATISM.... 

and  Kindred  Diseases,  sach  as  Liver 
aod   kidaey   Complaiats,    Slcin    aU 
BIcod  Biseaies.  Coastipation,  Nerroni 
Proftratlon,  etc. 

A  new  and  up-to-dat«  hotel.      Large,  airy 
ight  and  finely  furnished  rooms,  with  Steam 
aeat,  hiectric  Lights,  Hot  and   Cold   Water 
m  eaeh  floor.    Rates  including  Room,  Board, 
Vlud  Baths,  Lithia-Sulphur  Wuter  Baths  and 
(ledical  Aitead-ince    (no  extras)    J2.50  and 
13.00  a  day,  acsording  to  room. 

WRITE  FOU  BOOKLET. 

Address  Box  3, 

j  tf     Lithia  Springs  Hotel,  Attica,  Ind. 

Headquarters  for  Bee  Supplies 

ROOT'S  GOODS  AT  ROOT'S  FACTORY  PRICES. 

Complete  stock  for  1904  now  on  hand.  Freight  rates  from  Cincinnati  are 
be  lowest.  Prompt  service  ie  what  I  practice.  Satisfaction  guaranteed, 
iangstroth   Portico  Hives  and  Standard  Honey-Jars  at  lowest  prie-^s. 

You  will  save  money  buying  from  me.     Catalog  mailed  free.     Send  for 
ame. 

QUEENS  NOW  READY  TO  SUPPLY  BY  RETURN  MAIL 

foklen  Italians,  Red  Clover  and  Garni olan  Queens;   untested  during  June 
I— 7SC  6— $4.00  i3"-$7.50 

C.    H.   W.   WEBER 

•Bee  and  Salesrooms  2146-48  Central  Ave. 
arehouses— Freeman  and  Central  Aves. 


CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 


La  Compania 
Manufacturera  Americana 

ofrece  los  mas  reducidos  prccios  en  to- 
da  clase  de  articulos  para  Apicultorcs. 
Nucstra  Fabrica  cs  una  de  las  mis 
grandes  y  mas  antiguas  de  America. 
Especialidad  en  Colmenas,  Ahumadorcs 
para  Colmenas,  Extractores,  etc.  In 
ventores  y  perfeccionadores  de  muchos 
articulos  de  suma  utilidad  en  la  Apicul- 
tura.  Enviamos  gratis  nuestro  catalogo 
y  precios  a  quicnes  lo  soliciten.  Dirija- 

°^*  *THE  AMERICAN  MFG.  CO., 

Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  E.  U.  A- 


^e^fc 


The  only  strictly  agricultural 
paper  published  in  this  State.  The 
only  agricultural  paper  published 
every  week.  It  goes  to  every  post 
office  in  State  of  Tennessee  and  to 
many  offices  in  Kentucky,  Alabama, 
Georgia,  Mississippi,  Arkansas, 
Texas,  Florida  and  Louisiana.  It 
is  the  official  organ  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Department  of  Tennessee  and 
Live  Stock  Commission.  Subscrip- 
tion $1  per  year  in  advance. 

Tennessee  Fanner  Pub.  Co., 
•tt  Nashville,  Tenn. 


The  Eecord. 

The  Oldest  and  Leading  Belgian 
Hare  Journal  of  America  and 
England. 

R.  J.  FiNLEY,  Editor  and  Publisher, 

The  only  journal  having 
an  English  Belgian  Hare 
Department. 

One  copy  worth  the  yearly 
subscription. 

If  interestea,  aon't  fail  to 
send  2-cent  stamp  for  sample 
copy  at  once.     Address, 


tf. 


R.  J.  FINLEY, 

MACON  ,  MO. 


I  To  Subscribers  of 

I  THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 

I  And  Others! 

I  Until  Further  Notice 

1  We  Will  Send  The 


BEGINNERS. 

sbon.d  h»Te  »  copy  of 

The  Amateur  Bee-keeper, 

a  70  page  book,  by  Prof.  J.  W.  RouBe;  writte»  m- 
pecially  lor  amateurs.  Second  •dition  ju«t  •»' 
First  ©dition  of  1,000  sold  in  less  tha*  two  year* 
Editor  York  says:  "It  U  the  finest  little  book  pub- 
lished at  the  present  time."  Price  24  oenU;  by 
Bail  28  cents.    The  little  book  and 

The  Progressive  Bee-keeper, 

(a  lire.  pro(cre»«iTe,  28  page  monthly  journal,)  one 
year  lor  65c.  Apply  to  any  first-claas  dealer,  •r 
address 

LEAHY  MFG-  CO.,  Hit gimiTiu.,  m.. 


Country 
Journal 


to  any  address  in  the  U.  S.  A.  one 

I  year  for  10    cents,    providing    you 
_  mention  American  Bee-Keeper. 

The    Country    Journal    treats   on 
Farm,  Orchard  and  Garden,  Poul- 
try and  Fashion.      It's  the  best  pa- 
per printed  for  the  price. 
Address 

The  Country  Journal, 

Allentown,  Pa. 
2tf 


W.     B.     VATJGHAN 

NEWBURGH,   N.  Y. 

Agent  for  The  W.   T.  Falconer  Mfg 

Go's. 

BEE=KEEPERS'   SUPPLIES. 

Jy-4  Catalogue  free. 


AGENTS  Wanted  "waThTng  Machines. 

You  can  double  your  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

and  they  sell  easily.     We  have  sold  over   150,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years.      They 
ail'  cheaper  than  C'er.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co.,    JamQstown,  N.Y. 


The  Tow  a 

Horticultural 

Paper. 

Monthly, 
50  cents 
per  year. 

It  is  unique, 
])lanned  on 
original  lines. 

You  cannot 
be  up-to-date 
II  fruit  growing  unless  you  read  it. 

Balance  of   this   year  free  to  new 
ubscribers. 

THE  FRUITMAN, 

Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa. 


PATEHTS 


promptlj  obtained  OR  HO  FEE.  Trade-Marks, 
Caveats,  Copyrights  and  Label*  registered. 
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Send  model,  sketch  or  photo,  for  free  report 
on  patentability.  All  business  confidential. 
HAND-BOOK  FREE.  Explains  everytliing.  Tells 
Hov7to  Obtain  and  Sell  Patents,  What  Inventions 
Will  Pay,  How  to  (Jet  a  Partner,  explains  best 
mechanical  movements,  and  contains  300  other 
subjects  of  importance  to  inventors.       Actress, 

H.  B.  WILLSOH  &  GO.   """' 


790  F  Street  North. 


Attorneys 
WASHINGTON,  OX, 


BARNES' 

'^■^Q{  PiW  p  MrCMn  ry, 

This     cut     represents     our 
Combined     Machine,     which 
IS  the    best     machine     made 
for   use    in    the   construction 
of    Hives,    Sections,     Boxes,  | 
etc.    Sent   on   trial.    Send   for  | 
Catalogue  and    Price   List,      i 
U.    F    &    I     ISARNES  CO., 
913   Ruby   St.,   Rockford.  III.  I 


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culation of  any  scientific  journal.  Terms,  $3  a 
year:  four  motiths,  $1.    Sold  ty  all  newsdealers. 

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Branch  Office.  625  F  St..  Washington,  O.  C. 


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and    Circulates    in    Every 

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fWTTON. 


HOME  SEEKERS 

AND  INVESTORS,  who  jire  iiiteivst 
•'1  in  tlic  S'lMfheni  section  of  tlH> 
ri'ioii,  .slionkl  subscribe  for  TUP"' 
!iI.\IE  IIO.AfKSI'EKER.  a  bniHlsoiiK 
illnstr.-ited  iiiapiizine,  describiiic:  th<' 
;ii(histvi;il  (If^vciopnieiit  of  the  South. 
jiimI  its  niiiny  advantages  to  lioiiu'seeU- 
(•••s  and  investors.  Sont  one  year  (»n 
Ilia  I  for  15c.     Address, 

THR  DIXIE    HOMESEEKER, 
West  Appomattox,  Va        tf 


Honey 


I 


PRODUCTIO^ 

AND 

SELLING. 


These  are  the  two  main  problems  of  the  bee-keeper,  and  each  is  as  im- 
portant as  tlie  other.  Many  can  produce  fine  honey ,but  fail  to  get  the  best 
prices.  Your  ci'op  in  attractive  jtackages  is  half  sold.  The  first  honey  in 
the  market  sells  the  best;    so  don't  put  off  ordering  supplies. 

-  No-drip    Shipping    Cases. 

Do  not  put  your  section,  honey  i 
poorly  maide  section  cases.  It  wi 
bring  lt>ss  if  you  do.  We  make  oi 
ca,ses  of  white  bass-w©od,  and  tlu 
are  constructed  so  they  will  not  lea 
Neither  do  the  sections  gt<t  stuck  i 
with  honey.  Made  for  all  kind> 
sections,  and  in  all  sizes.  Also  gla 
for  fronts.  For  retailing  honey  the 
is  nothing  neater  than  the  Dan: 
<'arton.  A,sk  for  our  catalogue  givii 
Hersniser   Jars.  complete  prices  and  descriptions. 

The  ifinest  of  all  glass  pack- 
ages for  extracted  honey.  Made 
of  clejir  glass  with  aluniinuin 
caps,  wliich  seal  them  tight.  We 
sell  other  styles  of  glass  i)ack- 
ages.  Don't  fail  to  study  the 
candied  honey  question.  There 
is  a  great  future  for  this.  We 
sell  the  famous  Aiken  Honey 
BbK  f<»'"  retailing  candied  honey. 
See  our  general  catalogue  for 
further    description    and    prices. 


Five-Gallon    Tin    Cans. 

The    favorite    package    for    shippi 

extracted     honey.        No     leaking, 

tainted  iioney.  The  cans  being  ,squa 

eeonimiize  spaice,  and  :ire  easily  boX' 

Also    smaller    sizes.      Cans    fnniisl) 

vith    dilferent    widths    of    screw   cj[ 

r  Iioney  gates.      Don't  fail  t«)  get  (I 

■.rices    befoi-e   ordering.        Uenienill 

liat    freight    charges    .should    lie    C'[ 

sidered  witli  the  |trices.     We  can  sl| 

from  our  branch  hou.ses. 


Complete  Description   and   Prices   in  (Jeiieral.  Catalogue. 

THE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO. 

Factory  and  Executive  Office  -  =  MEDINA,  OJ 

KUANCHES— Chicago,  111.,  144  East  Erie  St.:  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  10  Vine  Sll 
New  Y(n-k  City,  N.  ¥.,  44  Vesey  St.;  Syracuse,  X.  Y.;  Mtn-luinic  Falls..Mel 
St.  I'aul,  Minn.,  l(^24  Miss.  St.;  San  Antonio.  Texas;  Washington.  D.  (I 
inno  Md.  Av.;  Havana,  Cuba,  17  San  Ignacio:  Kingston,  Jamaica,  I'l 
Tl.irbour   St. 


Homes  in 

Old  Virginia. 

It  is  gradually  brought  to  light 
that  the  Civil  war  has  made  great 
changes,  freed  the  slaves,  And  in 
consequence  has  made  the  large 
land  owners  poor  and  finally  freed 
the  land  from  the  original  owners 
who  would  not  sell  until  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  There  are  some 
of  the  finest  lands  in  the  market  at 
very  low  prices,  lands  that  produce 
all  kinds  of  crops,  grasses,  fruits, 
and  berries;  fine  for  stock.  You 
find  green  truck  patches,  such  as 
cabbage,  turnips,  lettuce,  kale, 
spinach,  etc.,  growing  all  the  win- 
tec.  The  climate  is  the  best  all  th© 
year  around  to  be  found,  not  too 
cold  nor  too  warm.  Good  water. 
Healthy.  Railroads  running  in 
every  direction.  If  you  desire  to 
know  all  about  Virginia  send  10c. 
for   three    months    subscription    of 

the   VIRGINIA   FARMER  to 

Farmer  Co. ,  Emporia,  Va. 


«*S*5i$t$;$S:-$**$-»i$-$4$-$t$-$-^§Sj$, 


«» 


There  is  do  trade  or  profession  better  catered  to 
By  good  journals  than  that  of  the  farmer.  Uni.- 
tellicent  nnproeressiTesess  has  now  no  excuse. 


A  BATH 


luxury 

wher        UMPIRE 
taken  it.  an  iJ      Portable 

Folding  BATH  TUB. 

Used  in  any  room 

Agknts    Waxteo 

Catiilogue  Free. 
-.THfc   EMPIRE 
^WASHER  CO., 

Jamestown,n.y. 


i  BEE  =  SUPPLIES  I 


Bee    Hives,    Sections,    Smokers,    \i/ 

vl/ 
v» 


Bee-Veils,      Frames, 

And  everything  used  by  bee-keepers. 
Largest  stock  iu  the  Central  States.  Low 
freight  rates.     Catalogue  free. 

jy4    C.  M.  SCOTT  &  CO. 

1004  E.  Washington  St.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


'^€€€€=€€€;««$:€€S«*€§€€«€€^- 


THE   DIXIE   HOME  MAGAZINE 

10c  a  year.  Largest.Brighlest  and  Finest  Illustrated 
Magazine  In  the  World  for  10c  a  year,  to  intro- 
duce it  only> 

It  is  bright  and  up-to-date.  Tells 
all  about  Southern  Home  Life.  It  is 
full  of  flue  engravings  of  gi-and  scen- 
ery, buildings  and  famous  people. 
Send  at  once.  10c.  a  year  postpaid 
anywhere  in  the  U.  S.,  Canada  and 
Mexico.  3  years  50c.  Or,  clubs  of  6 
names  50c.,  12  for  $1.  Send  us  a  club. 
Money  back  if  not  delighted.  Stamps 
taken.    Cut  this  out.    Send  today. 

THE  DIXIR  HOME, 

Birmingham,  Ala. 

When  writing,  mention  the  Am.  BeelCeeper. 


POULTRY    success 

THE    20th 


CO. 


CENTURY    POULTRY 
MAGAZINE. 

15th  year.  32  to  64  pages.  Beautifully  il 
lustrated,  up-to-date  and  helpful.  Best  knowr 
writers.  Shows  readers  how  to  succeed  witl 
poultry.  50  CENTS  PER  YEAR.  Specia 
introductory  offers:  10  months,  25  cents,  in 
eluding  large  practical  poultry  book  free;  fou 
monthsl  trial,  10  cents.  Stamps  accepted 
Sample  copy  free.  Poultry  Success  Co.,  Dept 
16,    Springfield,    Ohio,   or    DesMoines,    Iowa. 


When  writing  to  advei-tisers  mentio: 
The   American    Bee-Keeper. 


SHINE! 

The  Empire  Washer  Company,  Jamestown, 
N.  y.,  makes  a  Shine  Cabinet,  furnished  with 
foot  stand,  blacking,  russet  dressing,  shoe 
rubber— sn  fact,  all  articles  and  materials  need- 
ed to  keep  shoes  looking  their  best — pnd  it  is 
made  to  be  fastened  to  the  wall  of  the  toilet 
room  or  kitchen.  It  does  away  with  the  vexa- 
tious searching  after  these  articles  which  is 
altogether  too  common.  A  postal  will  bring 
you  details  of  this  and  other  good  things. 


American 


BEE 


Journal 

16  -  p.  Weekly 

Sample  Free 

49*  All  about  Bees  and  thei 

profitable  care.    Best  writers 

Oldest  bee-paper;  illustrated 

Departments  for  beginaer 

and  for  women  bee-keepers. 

Address 

GEORdE  W.  YORK  &  CO., 

144  &  146  Erie  St.  Chicago.Ili 


f-*f-\f~T<  Send  10  cents  for  one  v-ear's  sul 
P  l\  tlCr  st;"P''Oii  to  AMERICAN  STORlP 
V*-'*-'  the  best  monthly  magazine  pu! 
lished,  and  we  will  send  yon  samples  of  100  oth' 
magazines,  all  dilferent,  free.  AMERICA 
STORIES,   Dept-  H.  I).,  Urand  Rapids.  Mich. 


s^ 


Bee    H  i ves 
Sections 

EVERYTHING 


THAT  IS  USED  BY  BEE-KEEPERS  CAN  BE 
PROCURED  OF  US  AS  CHEAPLY  AS  ANY- 
WHERE, AND  WE  KNOW. 

Our  Goods  are  Superior 

BOTH  IN  MATERIALS    AND    WORKMAN- 
SHIP TO  THOSE  OF  ANY  COMPETITOR. 

One   Trial   Will   Convince   You 

THAT'S  ALL  WE  ASK.  WE  KNOW  YOU 
WILL  NEVER  BUY  OF  ANYBODY  ELSE. 

Our  new  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list  is  now 
ready.  Send  for  one  on  a  postal  card. 


The  W.  T. 
FALCONER  WIANFG.  CO., 

JMMETSTOW^',  N.  Y. 


THE  BEST  PRINTED  PAPER! 


.5^  .5^   IN  FLORIDA   J-  J- 


Located  in  the  Heart  of  the  Cel- 
'urated  Pineapple  Belt  and  sur- 
rounded by  many  of  the  finest 
orange  groves  on  the  Indian  Riv- 
er Fort  Pierce  is  the  largest  and 
most  important  town  in  Brevard 
county  and 


The  FORT  PIERCE  NEWS 


is  the  best  paper  in  the  county 
and  the  best  weekly  in  Florida. 
It  contains  reliable  information 
about  this  section  in  every  issue. 
Only  $1.00  a  year.  Write  for 
sample  copy.  tf. 

The  News,  Fort  Pierce,Fla 


Beeswax 


We  pay  2S  cents  cash  or  30  cents 
in  goods  for  good  quality  of  Beeswax, 
freight  paid  to  Falconer,  N.  Y.  If  yon 
have  any,  ship  it  to  us  at  once.  Prices 
subject  to  change  without  notice. 
THE    W.    T.   FALCONER   MFG.    CO. 


DON'T  KILL 

YOURSELF,  WASHING  THB^uj^ 

WAY,  BUT  BUY  AN  E  M  P  I   R  E 

WASHER,  yoiih  ychioK  ih* 
frailett  woman  ean  do  an  or- 
dinarv  tDothing  in  one  hour, 

without   wetting   her   handt.  

Sample  atwholetaltprice.  Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
No  pay  until  tried,  yfrite/or  Jlhittrafed  Cataloa%4 
anapricee  of  Wringert, Ironing  Tablet,  Clothfi  ReeU, 
Drying Bart,WaaonJaok*,(be.  AgentsWantecL  Lilv 
•ral  Terms.  QuickS&lesl  Litt 
.id<{reM,THl  EMriBiW  ASHXK 


re.  AgentsWanted.  tilb- 
littleWorkll  Big  PwyHI 
■K  Co..  Junestewn.N.Y . 


WHAT  THEY  SAY. 

W.  H.  Putnam,  River  Falls,  Wis. 

Dear  Sir: — I  delayed  answering 
your  letter  until  I  had  read  the  .Tune 
number  of  the  Rural  Bee  Keeper  and 
must  say  as  a  Bee  Keeper  of  22 
years  experience  I  am  more  than 
pleased  with  it,  regardless  of  the 
assertions  of  some  that  the  pub- 
lishing in  rhis  line  was  already 
overdone,  and  if  the  improvements 
continue,  it  will  certainly  be  sec- 
ond to  none  Avithin  its  first  year  of 
publication.  I  consider  the  June  num- 
ber alone  worth  several  years  subscrip- 
tion to  any  practical,  live  bee  keeper 
and  I  will  say  let  the  good  work  go  on 
and  on.  You  have  a  good  field  and 
the  fact  of  our  having  a  Bee  Journal 
pul)lished  in  our  own  state,  should  be 
a  lasting  stimulant  to  all  bee  keepers 
of  AVisconsin  and  the  Northwest  and 
50c  certainly  cannot  be  invested  to  bet- 
ter advantage.  You  may  send  me 
some  more  lilanks. 

Yours  truly  Elias  Fox. 

Hillsboro,  Wis. 

Send  lOcts  for  three  back  numbers 
or  50c.  for  one  year. 


MAPS. 

A  vest  pocket  Map  of  your  State. 

New  issue.  These  maps  show  all 
the  Counties,  in  seven  colors,  all 
railroads,  postoffices — and  mnny. 
towns  not  given  in  the  postal  guide! 
— rivers,  lakes  and  mountains,  with' 
index  and  population  of  counties, 
cities  and  towns.  Census — it  gives 
all  official  returns.  We  will  send 
you  postpaid  any  state  map  yotj 
wish  for 

20  cents  (siver) 

JOHN  V7.   HANN, 

Wauneta,  Neb 


4tf 


$25,000.00  CASH 

in,  500  priz'os.  First  prize,  $10,000.00.  To 
those  making  nearest  correct  puesses  of  the 
total  popular  vote  to  be  cast  November  Sth 
1904,    for    President   of   the   United   States. 

There  are  eight  special  prizes  of  $500.00  eacl 
for  early  estimates. 
This  may  be  fortune's  knock  at  your  door 
It  costs  nothing  to  enter  the  contest  and 
only  a  postage  stamp  for  particulars.  Addres' 
Hosterman  Publishing  Co.,  Box  16,  Sprmg 
field,    Ohio. 

When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
'  The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


The  American  Farmer 


AND 


The  American  Bee=Keeper 

Both  one  Year  tor  $1.00. 


Sunshine 


is  gaining  ad- 
miration as  a 
popular    litera- 

rv  famDv 

■■"''""■=~"~'"=™~~™"  MAGAZINE. 
It  entertains  its  readers  with  good  sliort  stor- 
ies, sketches  and  poems  by  the  most  famous 
authors  of  the  day  and  is  a  magazine  of  supe- 
rior merit. 

It  is  a  ^velcome  visitor  in  every  home. 

Price  25  cents  a  year. 

We  wisli  to  have  our  magazine  in  your 
vicinity  and  as  a  special  offer  for  new  readers 
we  will  send  you 

Sunshine  for  I  Year  for  10c. 

Think  of  it.  less  than  one  cent  a  copy.    Can't 
you  act  as  our  agent  ? 

ADD.  MAYES  PUB.  CO., 
LOUISVILLE,       =        KENTUCKY. 


Clubbing  Offers 

Here  Is  a  Sample: 

Modern   Farmer $   .50 

Western  Fruit  Grower 50 

Poultry  Gazette 25 

Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture 1.00 

$2.25 
All  One  Year  for  only  $1.00. 

Write  for  others  just  as  good,  or  bet- 
ter. 

SAMPLE  FREE. 

New  subscribers  can  have  the  Amer- 
can  Bee  Journal  in  place  of  Gleanings, 
if  they  wish,  or  all  for  $1.60.  Renew- 
als to  A.  B.  J.  add  40c.  more. 

MODERN  FARMER, 

The  Clean  Farm  Paper 
St.  .Joseph,  Mo. 


3  and  5=Banded  Italian 
and  Carniolan  Queens. 

Say  friends,  you  who  have  support- 
ed us  during  the  past  seasou,  we 
desire  to  express  our  thanks  for 
your  patronage  in  the  past,  and 
respectfully  solicit  a  continuance  of 
your  valued  favors  through  the  sea- 
son of  1904. 

Our  queens  now  stand  upon  their 
merits  and  former  record.  We  are 
preparing  for  next  season,  and  seek- 
ing the  patronage  of  large  apiarists 
and  dealers.  We  do  not  claim  that 
our  queens  are  superior  to  all  oth- 
ers, but  that  they  are  as  good  as 
the  best.  We  will  furnish  from  one 
to  a  thousand  at  the  following 
prices:  '^■sted  of  either  race,  $1; 
one  unte  d,  75c.,  5  for  $3.25.  10 
for  $6.  15  for  .$8.25,  25  for  $12.50,  50 
for  $23.50,  100  for  $45. 
For  descriptive  circulars  address, 

JOHN  W.  PHARR,  Prop., 

New  Century  Queen  Rearing  Co.,  Ber- 
clair,   Goliad  Co.,  Texas. 


Si  Vegetables,  Fruits  and  Farm 

^  Products  in  Florida  subscribe 

%  for  the  FLORIDA  AQRICUL= 

g  TURIST.     Sample  copy  sent 

^  on  application. 

I  E.O.PaintefPub.Co. 

y  JACKSONVILLE,  FLORIDA. 


BEWARE 

WHERE   YOU    BUY  YOUR 

BEEWARE 


n fg" 

I  WATER  TOWN, 


WIS! 


MAKES  THE    FINEST 


(J.  B.   LEWIS  CO., 
Watertown,  Wis. 


Send  for 
Catalog. 


WANTED 


EXTRACIED  HONEY. 


Mail  sample,  and  always  quote  lowest 
price  delivered  here.  We  remit  imme- 
diately upon  receipt  of  shipment. 


THE   FRED  W.   MUTH   CO., 

^  No.  51  Walnut  Street, 


References  :, 
German  National  Bank,  Cincinnati,  0. 
Any  Mercantile  Agency,  or  the  Editor. 


CINCINNATI,  O. 


AUSTRALIANS. 

NOTE  the  address — 

Pender  Bros., 

WEST  MAITLAND, 
New  South  Wales,        Australia. 

The  largest  manufacturers  of    Beekeepers' 
Supplies  in  the  Southern  Hemisphere, 
and    publishers    of   the    AUSTRALASIAN 
BEEKEEPER,   the  leading  bee  journal  south 
of  the  equator. 
Sample  copy  and  64-page  catalogue,  FREE 
(i-tf 


THE  NEBRASKA  FARM  JOURNAL 

I      A  monthly  .lournal   devoted  to  agri- 
I  cultural  interests.     Largest  circulation 
j  of  any  agricultural  paper  in  the  west.  ,1 
I  It  circulates  is  Missouri,  Kansas,  Ne- 
j  bra,ska,    loAva   and   Colorado. 

.T.    W.    EARLEY,   Editor, 


Itf 


1123  N  St.,  Lincoln.  Neb. 


American 


BEE 


Journal 


16 -p.  Weekly. 

Sample  Free. 

j8®="  All  about  Bees  and  their 

profitable  care.    Best  writers,  < 

Oldest  bee-paper;  illustrated.^ 

Departments  fi  r  beg'ianenil 

and  for  women  bee-keepers. 

Address, 

OeORQB  W.  YORK  &  60.. 

144  &  1<'6  Erie  St.  Chicago.Iu.  i 


SEND  US  ONE  NEW  SUBSCRIBER, 

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THE   AMERICAN    FARMER 

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AMERICAN  BEE=KEEPER,  Jamestown,  N.Y.I 


Vol.  XIV 


AUGUST,    1904. 


No.  8 


A   PICTURE    WANTED. 


THEY  tell  me  you  are  au  artist 
Who  can  paint  on  the  canvas 
white 
Pictures  of  scenes  you   nevei"   saw, 

In  colors  of  shade  and  light. 
If  you  can  do  this,  good  painter, 

I  would  have  you  make  for  me, 
A  scene  of  my  father's  hill-farm, 
Where  the  winds  blew  loud  and  free. 

The  house  was  large  and  pleasant, 
Near  the  road  tall  Balsams  fair, 

And  a  Thorn  Apple  tree,  and  Locusts, 
Were  stirred  by  the  balmy  air. 

At  the  corner,  near  the  doorway. 
Aglow   with   color  bright. 
Grew  a  bush  of  Honeysuckle, 
With  blossoms  pink  and  white. 

And  close  by  my  mother's  window, 

In   beauty   and   fragrant  bloom. 
Stood  a   bush   of  yellow  Roses, 

Whose  sweet  breath  filled  the  room. 
And  Roses  red  and  blush  and  white. 

And  Lily  bells   fair  to  see. 
With    a    bed   of   purple   Pansies 

I  want  you  to  paint  for  me. 

The  Cherry  trees  that  each  summer 

Bore  luscious  fruit  and  sweet. 
Grew    south    of    the    house,    and    in 
springtime 
Oast  their  white  bloom  at  our  feet. 
The  meadows  were  near  and  the  corn- 
field, 
While  the  woods  not  far  away, 


Was  the   home   of    the    birds    whose 
music 
We  heard  at  the  break  of  day. 

And  down  past  the  barns,  through  the 
orchard. 
And  the  lane,  o'er  the  nny  brook. 
Which    flowed    with    a   pleasant   mur- 
mur, 
My  way  I  often  took. 
Down  the  hill  and  through  the  valley. 
Where    the    red    wild  Strawberries 
grew. 
And    the     Willows     droop     over     the 
streamlets, 
I   wandered   long  ago. 

Gathering  flowers  in  the  woodland. 

Blue  and  white    Violets   rare. 
And    the    Ferns    which    grew    by    the 
brookside. 

And  yellow  Cowslips  fair. 
Be  siu-e  that  these  are  pictured. 

And  paint  them  in  colors   bright, 
That    shall    make  the   dim    old    forest 

Seem  radiant  with  bloom  and  light. 

There's  the  house,  and  the  road,  and 
the  Thorntree, 

The  Balsams  and  Locusts  tall. 
And  the  Roses  and  Honeysuckles, 

Which  grew  by  the  eastern  wall; 
The  Cherry  trees  and  the  meadows. 

The   cornfields   and   orchards    old; 
If  you  paint  all  these  and  the  forest. 

It  Avill  be  more  to  me  than  gold. 

—Park's  Floral  Magazine. 


1 


154 


AVHAT 


THE 

CONSTITUTES 

QUEEN? 


A   GOOD 


Bv   ArtUiir  C.   .Milltc 


I  HAVE  often  asked  myself  this 
question  and  1  liave  as  otten  tried 
to  answer  it  both  for  myself  and 
for  others.  1  have  tried  to  enumerate 
the  virtues  of  good  (lueens,  but  after 
all  is  said  it  comes  to  this:  the  good 
queen  is  the  one  whose  colony  gets 
the  most  and  best  honey. 

In  looking  at  the  work  of  some  of 
my  trial  stock  my  attention  was  ar- 
rested by  the  colony  of  a  queen  which 
I  have  called,  for  convenience,  the 
Vermonter.  She  is  an  Italio-Black  hy- 
brid which  my  son  got  in  Vermont  in 
1902.  His  attention  was  attracted  by 
the  large  size  of  the  swarm  she  was 
with  and  by  the  quantity  and  quality 
of  the  work  the  parent  colony  had 
done. 

I  introduced  her  to  a  small  nu- 
cleus late  in  July.  This  she  quickly 
built  up  into  a  good  colony  and  pro- 
duced about  30  pounds  extracted  hon- 
ey from  fall  flowers.  Wintered  on 
summer  stand  and  without  any  pro- 
tection other  than  the  thin  hive,  the 
colony  came  through  strong  and  at 
this  writing  (.June  18)  has  already 
yielded  .30  pounds  extracted  honey 
and  has  two  28  pound  cases  of  comb 
honey  well  under  way.  As  the  col- 
ony fills  three  shallow  chambers  and 
two  supers.  I  looked  for  signs  of 
swarming  and  I  also  wanted  to  save 
the  extra  queen  cells.  There  were  no 
external  symptoms, and  within  all  was 
serene.  Not  a  queen  cell  oir  cup  to  be 
seen.  Each  brood  chamber  was 
packed  with  brood  except  drone  comb. 
Such  cells  the  queen  had  completely 
avoided,  even  though  in  several 
places  she  had  laid  in  worker  cells 
all  around  the  drone  cells.  These  lat- 
ter were  all  varnished  and  ready  for 
use.  Apparently  the  workers  wanted 
drones  but  the  queen  did  not. 

The  case  is  interesting.  The  queen 
is  in  her  fourth  summer  at  least,  and 
has  once  been  out  with  a  swnrm  and 
yet  now  when  she  should  be  declin- 
ing she  is  keeping  the  equivalent  of 
in  L  frames  packed  with  brood  and 
declines    to    raise    drones.      Is    she    a 


AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  August, 

good  queen?  I  care  nothing  for  the 
markings  of  her  bees  but  I  do  care 
for  the  stamina  which  she  possesses. 
Her  vigor  is  reproduced  in  her  bees 
as  is  shown  by  the  size  of  her  colony, 
for  it  matters  not  how  prolific  a  queen 
may  be,  if  her  bees  are  not  long-lived 
the  colony  will  not  get  big  and  stay 
big.  According  to  custom  the  bees 
from  this  queen  should  be  cross,  but 
they  are  not.  They  are  not  angelic 
to  be  sure,  but  they  handle  well,  mind 
their  own  business  and  hustle. 

Such  a  strain  of  bees  is  worth  hav- 
ing. Being  a  hybrid  it  will  be  diffi- 
cult to  foretell  the  qualities  of  queens 
raised  from  lier,  but  vigor  they  doubt- 
less will  have,  and  that  means  a 
whole  lot.  I  sometimes  think  it  is  be- 
ing lost  sight  of  entirely.  I  am  con- 
stantly testing  queens  from  diiferent 
parts  of  the  country  and  the  virtue 
most  often  conspicuous  by  its  absence 
is  vigor.  Queen  after  queen  will  die 
young  and  their  daughters  are  no  bet-< 
ter.  Not  all  purchased  queens  are  so 
but  their  proportion  is  far  too  great 
for  the  best  good  of  the  industry. 

Another  colony  of  interest  in  com- 
parison with  the  Vermonter  is  head- 
ed by  a  queen  of  the  so-called  leath- 
er-colored Italians.  The  queen  is  in 
her  third  summer  and  the  colony  is  of 
apparently  the  same  population  as  the 
other.  Both  have  been  subjected  to 
the  same  treatment.  This  Italian 
stock  has  produced  the  same  amount 
of  honey  as  the  Vermonter,  btit  has 
a  host  of  drones  and  are  too  ugly  to 
live  with.  They  are  not  content  with 
defending  their  home  but  are  out 
looking  for  trouble  all  the  time  and 
it  is  almost  impossible  to  handle  them. 

Here  are  two  apparently  equal  col- 
onies doing  equal  work  and  yet  one 
has  a  host  of  drones  and  the  other 
none.  Apparently  the  drones  are  no 
drain  on  the  colony  and  yet  I  think 
that  assumption  is  wrong.  Drones 
feed  liberally  on  freshly  stored  honey 
provided  the  cells  are  full  enough  for 
them  to  reach  it.  but  when  honey  iS' 
scarce  they  have  to  rely  entirely  on 
the  workers.  Removal  of  the  drones 
(about  3  pints  )has  so  far  failed  to 
show  any  appreciable  difference  iu 
honey  supply. 

.Tune  18,  1004. 


^ 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


loo 


LATER. 

Since  the  foregoing  was  written 
tlie  Vermont  stock  lias  prepared  to 
swarm.  A  dozen  fine  queen  cells 
were  completed  and  all  the  premon- 
itory symptoms  were  present,  when  I 
forced  the  swafm  and  saved  a  few  of 
the  cells  which  later  produced  fine 
queens.  At  the  time  I  forced  the 
swarm  there  was  a  goodly  amount 
of  worker  brood  but  not  a  single  cell 
of  drone  brood  in  any  stage  could  I 
find.  The  drone  cells  were  all  nice- 
ly polished  but  contained  no  eggs. 

I  made  a  very  careful  inspection  of 
the  bees  as  they  passed  into  the  hive 
and  I  found  just  three  drones.  These 
may  have  come  from  some  other  stock 
but  I  could  not  tell. 

Here  was  a  big  thrifty  colony  all 
ready  to  divide  itself  l>ut  failing  to 
produce  any  males. 

The  reason  therefor  I  do  not  even 
hazard  a  guess  at.  If  the  workers 
controlled  the  production  of  males 
then  surely  they  should  have  been 
present.  The  desire  for  them  seems 
to  have  been  present  because  drone 
cells  were  made  ready  for  the  queen. 

The  ordinary  need  of  them  was 
there  in  the  coming  of  the  young 
queens. 

To  all  appearance  the  queen  was 
normal,  laid  regularly  and  well,  was 
large  and  strong  and  had.  during  the 
previous  season,  produced  drones  in 
ordinary  numbers.  The  queen's  age 
may  have  something  to  do  with  it, 
but  usually  in  a  failing  queen  we  get 
an  excess  of  drones  or  drones  to  the 
exclusion  of  all  others. 

If  the  queen  will  deign  to  live 
a  while  longer  I  will  study  her  and 
her  colony  most  carefully. 

To  a  limited  extent  this  case  sup- 
ports my  belief  that  aside  from  the 
ijueen's  dependence  on  the  workers 
for  her  food  she  lives  and  acts  accord- 
ng  to  her  own  instincts  and  will  (if 
we  may  use  that  term  in  connection 
with  bees). 

Providence,    R.    I..   July   11.    1904. 


HIVE    VENTILATION. 


By   W.   W.   McNeul. 


The  Rural  Bee-Keeper  for  .July 
homes  to  hand  in  a  new  and  especially 
llesigned  oo-ser.     The  new  journal   is 

credit  to  its  publishers. 


PERHAPS  it  will  not  be  amiss  to 
have  a  little  talk  just  now  upon 
the  subject  of  hive  ventilation. 
Good  honej-  fiows,good  hives  and  good 
strong  swarms  are  all  very  necessary 
to  success,  but  the  advantage  there- 
of will  be  rendered  futile  by  poor  ven- 
tilation. 

The  heat  generated  by  a  colons'  of 
bees  when  storing  honey  rapidly  of- 
ten becomes  intensely  annoying  and 
forces  the  wax-workers  to  seek  the 
open  air  in  large  clusters  on  the  front 
of  the  hive.  While  they  are  there 
their  owner  is  losing  good  money  on 
them  just  as  surely  as  night  follows 
the  day.  And  that  is  not  all;  it  is 
provocative  of  swarming,  which 
causes  an  outlay  of  money  for  hives 
and  fixtures  that  eclipses  the  profits 
that  should  accrue  to  the  keeping  of 
bees.  But  however  necessary  good 
ventilation  may  be,  provision  for  it 
should  always  be  made  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  hive  and  not  at  the  top. 
Bees  are  very  much  indisposed  to 
store  honey  close  to  where  light  and 
air  enter  the  hive  and  foe  that  rea- 
son all  openings  that  admit  air  direct- 
ly into  the  hive  should  be  at  the  bot- 
tom. It  would  be  better  were  hives 
so  made  that  the  greater  part  of  the 
front  end  of  the  brood  chamber  could 
be  thrown  open  during  the  flush  of 
the  honey  season.  This  would  enable 
the  liive  bees  to  stay  in  the  supers 
and  work  at  the  very  time  they  should 
be  there. 

If  for  any  reason  it  is  deemed  ad- 
visable to  give  ventilation  above  the 
brood  chamber,  or  above  a  queen  ex- 
cluding honey-board. the  supers  should 
then  be  made  double-walled.  By  allow- 
ing, say.  one-half  inch  space  between 
the  inner  and  outer  wall  an  entrance 
may  be  cut  through  the  outer  wall  in 
the  middle  or  upper  half  of  the  super, 
thus  permitting  of  fairly  good  venti- 
lation without  the  evils  arising  from 
a  direct  entrance  into  the  super.  But 
the  main  source  of  ventilation  should 
come  from  below  and  there  should  be 
enough  of  it  to  insure  against  such  a 
disaster  as  the  clustering  of  bees  on 


156 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


August, 


the  front  of  the  liive  during  a  good 
honey  flow. 

NoAv,  another  thing  in  connection 
with  this  is  the  manipulation  of  the 
supers.  Bee-keepers  have  largely 
been  instructed  to  place  an  empty  su- 
per between  a  partly-filled  one  and 
the  brood  chamber,  when  wishing  to 
give  more  room,  instead  of  putting  it 
on  top  of  the  one  that  is  already  on 
the  hive.  It  has  been  claimed  for 
this  that  the  bees  are  spurred  to 
greater  activity  to  fill  in  the  empty 
space  thus  made  between  their  sur- 
plus honey  and  brood  combs  than 
could  be  achieved  in  any  other  way. 
But  careful  observation  leads  me  to 
question  the  correctness  of  such  ma- 
nipulation. My  experience  has  been 
that  the  farther  I  could  draw  the 
comb  builders  from  the  brood  combs 
by  hive  manipulation  the  better  were 
the  results  in  honey  secured.  We  all 
know  that  young  bees  are  prone  to 
cluster  on  cr  to  keep  close  to  the 
brood  combs  and  this  action  seriously 
obsti'ucts  ventilation  which  in  turn 
provokes  swarming.  The  empty  super 
next  to  the  brood  chamber  might  do 
all  I'ight  where  the  hive  sits  in  the 
cool  shade  of  a  tree,  but  when  it  has 
no  further  protection  from  the  sun's 
rays  than  an  ordinary  shade  board, 
I  feel  positively  certain  that  better  re- 
sults will  be  obtained  by  putting  it  on 
top.  When  suitable  bait  combs  are 
given,  the  young  bees  are  soon  im- 
pelled to  go  above,  thus  effectiug  a 
general  distribution  of  them  through- 
out the  hive  and  preventing  that  un- 
bearable jamming  or  clogging  of  the 
passage-ways  in  the  brood  chambers. 

Grive  your  bees  plenty  of  cool,  fresh 
air  during  the  liot  season.  It  is  real 
economy  to  do  so  and  any  hive  that 
does  not  afford  good  ventilation  is  not 
practical  and  would  be  dear  at  any 
price. 


Can  Bees  Rear  Drone  Brood  from  Eggs  Laid  in 
Worker  Cells. 

I  am  not  going  to  say  that  they 
can;  neither  am  I  going  to  say  they 
cannot;  but  I  will  say  that  I  have 
seen  them  do  some  things  that  looked 
very  much  like  they  were  able  to  rear 
da'ones  from  fertile  eggs  laid  in  work- 
er cells. 


During  the  latter  part  of  June  I 
shook  the  bees  of  a  good  strong  col- 
ony into  an  empty  brood  chamber, 
put  on  a  queen  excluding  honey-board 
and  then  gave  them  the  same  exti'act- 
ing  super  that  Avas  on  the  old  hive. 
The  combs  in  the  super  were  all  nice 
straight  worker  comb  and  the  queen 
had  free  access  to  them,  before  the 
change  was  made  into  the  new  hive. 
About  one  week  later  I  looked  into 
the  hive  and  found  what  might  be  ex- 
pected, that  the  bees  had  done  prac- 
tically nothing  below  but  had  carried 
their  pollen  and  honey  into  the  super; 
queen  cells  had  been  started  and  alto- 
gether the  colony  had  behaved  about 
like  a  queenless  colony.  There  be- 
ing no  drone  brood  in  the  super  and 
the  bees  feeling  the  need  of  drones, 
they  had  presumed  to  rear  them  from 
larwae  in  the  worker  combs.  The  cells 
were  accordingly  lengthened  and  from 
the  size  of  the  larvae  it  was  evident 
that  fertile  workers  were  not  respon- 
sible for  the  state  of  affairs,  for 
there  had  not  been  time  enough  for 
larvae  to  attain  that  size  from  eggs 
laid  by  them.  There  was  not  just  a 
few  scatten'ing  cells  that  were  thus 
lengthened  but  puite  a  large  amoiint 
of  comb  was  raised  to  accommodate 
the  apparently  changed  condition  of 
the  larvae.  I  have  witnessed  the 
same  thing  many  times  in  queenless 
colonies  and  in  queenless  nuclei.  I 
know  that  in  changing  from  worker 
to  drone  size  of  cells  or  vice  versa, 
when  building  comb,  bees  will  often 
construct  cells  which  to  the  eye  ap- 
pear to  be  of  worker  size  but  in 
reality  are  a  little  larger.  But  this 
brood  that  was  in  the  lengthened  cells 
was  not  sandwiched  in  between  drone 
and  worker  cells  in  the  same  comb, 
but  it  was  in  comb  that  was  uniform- 
ly of  the  worker  size  of  cell.  Now 
gentlemen,  you  may  draw  your  own 
conclusions,  I  pass  it  up. 

Wheelersburg,    O..    July    11,   1904. 


The  Rocky  Mountain  Bee  Journal 
and  the  Pacific  States  Bee  Journal 
have  been  consolidated  iinder  the 
name  of  the  Western  Bee  Journal, 
with  P.  F.  Adelsbaugh  at  the  editorial 
helm.  The  new  journal  is  neat,  spicy 
and  instructive.     It  deserves  success. 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPEK. 


157 


ORANGE    BLOSSOM    HONEY. 

By  E.  B.  Rood. 


MERICAN    BEE-KEEPER:—     ] 
was     surpriseil     at     Mr.     W.    S 
■     Hart's  article  in   tlie  July   Bee-   lurking  in  your  mouth." 


conipellecl  to  yive  an  eight-frame  hive 
four  stories.  I  regret  that  my  un- 
mixed orange  blosscjm  honey  is  all 
gone,  but  if  you  care  for  some  nyxt 
spring  you  may  expect  a  sample  of 
light  amber  honey,  of  good  (luality 
that  will  leave  no  "disagreeable  taste 


Keeper,  in  which  he  expresses  an 
opinion  that  a  barrel  of  pure  orange 
blossom  honey  was  never  shipped 
froui  Florida  and  still  more  surprised 
that  the  editor  of  the  Bee-Keeper  has 
only  once  in  his  life  tasted  what  was 
"said  to  be  pure  orange-blossom 
honey." 


Braidentown,   Fla.,  July  4th,  1904. 


This  IS  very  interesting,  and  the  ed- 
itor of  The  Bee-Iveeper  will  greatly 
appreciate  a  sample  of  pvfe  orange 
blossom  honey.  Possibly,  the  nature 
of  the  soil  upon  which  the  trees  grow 
My  first  enthusiasm  fcir  bee-keeping   ^^^   something  to  do  with  the  nectar 

secretion,  which  may  account  for  the 
diversity  of  opinion  in  this  regard.  We 
requested  Mr.  Brown  to  contribute  an 
article  upon  this  subject  for  our   last 


was  aroused  by  A.  F.  Brown's  (the 
migratory  liee-keeper)  success  in  se- 
curing orange  blossom  honey  at  Glen- 
wood  ,    Volusia     county.     Florida 


By  "Swarthmore." 


March  1SIJ4.     He  brought  200  colonies  |««"e,  but  he  declined  to  do   so.— Ed- 
there  just  as  the  blossoms  were  open-  ^*^'''- 
ing.      They    had    been    fed    up    strong 

and  immediately  began  to  store  honey  ADVERTISING   HONEY. 
quite   freely.      He   sold   us   comb    and 
extracted    honey   and    we   thought    he 

was  producing  it  in  almost  unlimited  

quantities.  He  has  since  told  me,  T  WAS  very  much  interested  in  Mr. 
however,  that  he  secured  10,000  J[  W.  L.  Coggshell's  reference  to  the 
pounds,  or  ."iO  pounds  per  colony.  Th.s  sale  of  honey  through  an  adv. 
must  have  been  ahnost  pure  orangv  placed  in  an  Ithaca  local  newspaper 
blossom  honey,  for  nothing  else  was  because  I  had  exactly  the  same  ex- 
near  that  any  one  claims  produced  an  perience,  with  the  exception  of  the 
appreciable  amount  of  honey.  It  was  word  "strained"  which  I  did  not  use; 
before  gall  berry  or  palmetto  and  very  but  I  did  say  that  the  prodiict  offered 
tittle  of   either  were    within   range.  for  sale  was  "guaranteed  pure." 

I  am  located  in  the  heart  of  the  or-  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  it  was  not 
ange  groves  of  Manatee  county,  and,  the  tcfm  "strained''  entirely  that  sold 
though  I  have  never  equalled  Mr.  Mr.  Cogshell's  honey,  it  was  the  pub- 
Brown's  record,  I  get  several  barrels  licity  given  to  an  excellent  article  of 
)f  crange  blossom  honey  every  year,  food  which  created   a   craving  among 

Two  years  ago  I  exti'aeted  .30  all  who  read  the  "ad." 
)ounds  per  colony  from  one  apiary  The  most  successful  articles  of  food 
ind  this  year  I  extracted  in  all  about  are  those  which  are  widely  adver- 
,000  pounds,  but  my  gall  berry  ter-  tised.  People  will  read  what  one  has 
toi'y  was  badly  burned  and  the  saw  to  say.  They  have  no  time  to  listen 
almetto  a  total  failure,  so  I  did  not  at  the  door.  Honey  judiciously  ad- 
xtract  closely.  It  is  quite  true  that  vertised  and  properly  packed  would 
range  blossoms  aire  not  a  prolific  stand  as  good  a  show  in  tlie  general 
ource  of  honey,  but  I  expect  a  strong  market  as  any  of  the  canned  or 
|olony  to  store  2.0  to  .'iO  pounds  if  it  tinned  good.s  now  crc-ried  in  enormous 
oes  not  swarm.  I  have  shaken  a  stocks  all  the  way  down  froiu  the  job- 
using  colony  on  foundation  in  a  ten-  ber  in  groceries  to  the  smallest  re- 
rame  hive,  adding  a  second  story  of  taller  of  table  goods. 
mbs  a  few  days  later  and  in  two  As  an  experiment  I  placed  a  stock 
eeks  both  were  fuU.  the  lower  story  of  extfacte<I  honey  in  glass  with  my 
brood  and  the  upiier  of  sealed  hon-  grocer  and  started  a  series  of  five-line 
And   it   is   not   uncommon   to    be  readers   in    my   own    local    newspaper 


158  .    THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 

and  it  was  not  long  before  my  gfo- 
cer  informed  me  tliat  be  was  out  of 
boney.  Several  dozens  were  rapidly 
moved  by  small  advertising — wbat 
could  be  reasonably  expected  if  effort 
of  tbis  kind  on  a  larger  scale  sbould 
be  spread  over  an  entire  country?  I 
doubt  if  the  demand  could  be  sup- 
plied. 

\Mtb  central  points  to  which  bee- 
keepers of  a  given  territory  could  ship 
their  honey,  with  the  assurance  that 
a  certain  amount  of  cash  for  the  ship- 
ment would  be  forthcoming  in  a  stip- 
ulated length  of  time,  stocks  would 
be  accumulated  from  which  selections 
as  to  kinds  and  grades  could  be  made 
for  the  different  localities  throughout  foom  and 
the  country.  Each  central  point  them  a  lar 
could  determine  the  market  for  the 
flavors  which  would  be  most  accept- 
able to  the  general  palate  and  tin  ac- 
cordiagly.  With  such  conditions 
the  producer  could  barrel  his  honey, 
ship  quicker  and  sell  cheaper  with  less 
labor    and    more    profit.    With    a    sure 

market  of  this  kind  output  would  in- 
crease rapidly. 

Salesmen,     of     which     there    is    an 

army,    would    show    the    package    as 

they     are     now     showing    and    loudly 

praising    a    certain    cheap    sweet,   put 

up  in  nice,    salable    shape,    which    is 

hardly   fit    to    eat — I    have    tried    this 

stuff   and    am    quite   sure    it   contains 

glucose  in  more  or  less  quantities,  yet 

it    is    adrertised    and    widely    sold    as 

something  '-Retter  than  Honey." 
We  are  slow;  we  are  attempting  to 

compete  with  twentieth  century  bus- 
iness enterrrises  of  world-wide  scope, 

with   our  one-horse  wagon   and  a  tin 

horn. 

Brothers    Selser  and   Muth  can   sell 

honey — Why  in  the  world  cannot  we 

or  some  corporation  employ  a  thou- 
sand such  men?  And  help  them  along 

by  wide  advertising. 


Swarthinore.  Pa.,  March  11.  1004. 


August. 

by  Arthur  C.  Miller.  He  says  on  page 
30,  second  column:  "Bee  clustered  in 
L  frames  start  from  two  to  five 
combs  and  they  meet  and  extended 
along  the  whole  17  inches  of  the  top 
bar  before  they  are  within  an  inch 
of  the  bottom  bar  at  any  point.  This 
is  two  inches  of  lateral  gcowtb  to  one 
of  vertical  for  one  frame,  but  the 
work  is  i^rogressing  simultaneously  in 
ten  frames  and  we  have  an  aggregate 
lateral  growth  of  170  inches  to  eight 
inches  vertical,  a  ratio  of  21  to  1." 

I  am  of  the  opinion  that  Mr.  Mil- 
ler is  a  little  too  fast  in  his  conclu- 
sions. By  confining  bees  in  a  certain 
room,  they  adapt  themselves  to  this 
build  accordingly.  Give 
_er  room  without  any  in- 
ducement by  combs,  foundation  or 
starters,  so  that  the  whole  colony  does 
not  feel  like  being  confined,  and  we 
shall  very  likely  never  see  the  ratic 
of  21  to  1.  My  experience  tells  mc 
that  lateral  and  vertical  progress  ir 
comb-building  is  very  often  about  tht 
same,  if  not  interfered  with.  It  is 
natuc-al  that  the  bees  build  combs  sid( 
by  side  for  protection,  but  it  is  wrons 
to  consider  these  different  combs  oij 
an  aggregate  basis,  as  one  comb  ha 
nothing  to  do  with  the  other.  We  ma; 
just  as  well  put  the  second  comb  ur 
derneath  the  first  one.  as  on  the  sidt 
and  make  our  conclusions  accordinglj 
Biit  the  proper  way  is  to  conside 
each  comb  alone  for  itself,  and  sti 
better,  really  the  proof  of  the  whohj 
Observe  the  comb  built  in  the  ope 
air  not  being  confined  at  all.  and  w 
often  find  the  vertical  growth  one  an 
one-half  to  two  times  as  large  as  tb 
lateral. 

As  far  as  hives  are  concerned  ff 
the  benefit  of  the  robber  (generall 
the  human  race),  there  is  hardly  an 
question  that  the  shallow  hive  hi 
great  advantages  against  deep  hiv( 
for  different  reasons. 


: 


COMB-BUILDING    IN    SHALLOW 
AND    DEEP    FRAMES. 

Bv  Otto  Luhdorff. 


Visalia,  Calif.,  May  1.  1004. 


III.VA'E   a   copy    of    the     American 
Bee-Keei)eir  of  February  1004  be- 
fore me  and  have  just  read  an  ar- 
ticle  on    "Shallow   or   Deep    Frames." 


Mr.  E.  F.  Atwaier,  Boise,  Idah 
with  one  helper,  runs  GoO  colonic 
and  of  this  number  about  400  are  n 
for  comb  honev.  We  regret  to  leai 
thai^  Mr.  Atwater  has  recently  unde 
gone  a  siege  of  typhoid  fever.  whi( 
materially  interfered  with  his  prep 
ration  for  the  season's  business. 


if  :/ 


160  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  August, 

BACTERIA.  their  poAvcrs    of    i  ft-oduciiig    eliemieal 

c'liaiiges  during  tbeir  growth  that  they 

By  Prof.  R.  M.  Buudy.  owe  their  importance  in  the  world. 

.  Bacteria  are  more  universally  prev- 

MANY  TIMES  during  the  period  alent  in  uatur»  than  any  othcf  forms 
that  I  have  been  engaged  in  of  plants  or  the  animals.  They  are 
microscopical  and  bacteriolog-  in  the  air,  water  and  soil.  They  also 
ical  work,  I  have  felt  that  some  little  cling  in  vast  numbers  to  almost  every 
explanation,  in  a  simple  way,  regard-  object  on  the  earth  including  man  and 
lug  bacteria  and  the  many  terms  per-  the  lower  animals.  They  do  not,  how- 
taining  to  them  might  be  appreciated  ever,  occur  ncL-mally  in  the  healthy 
by  at  least  a  few  interested  readers.  tissues  of  man  nor  animals.  Under 
The  knowledge  of  germ  life  that  favorable  conditions  bacteria  grow 
is  possessed  by  the  majority  of  the  and  multiply  with  enormous  rapidity, 
people  is  the  result  of  reading  the  A  single  bacterium  in  contact  with  a 
newspapers.  To  those  having  made  nutritious  substance,  like  beef  gelatin 
some  study  of  the  subject  from  reput-  will  produce  over  fifteen  million  of  its 
able  works,  many  of  the  newspaper  kind  in  twentj'-four  hours.  When 
items  appert-  rather  absurd,  and  are  thus  surrounded  by  an  ample  food 
truly  misleading.  With  the  many  im-  supply  of  the  proper  kind  they  in-' 
portant  improvements  that  have  been  crease  or  multiply  by  what  is  known  j 
made  during  the  last  few  years  upon  as  fission  or  simple  dividing.  Each 
the  microscope,  the  science  of  bac-  individual  upon  reaching  a  certain 
teriology  has  advanced  very  rapidly  stage  iu  its  groAVth  will  divide  in  tht 
and  is  developing  much  information  middle  into  two  similar  halves,  eacl 
that  will  add  to  the  betterment  of  of  which  immediately  starts  to  gro-\\' 
many  conditions  in  our  everyday  life,   and  r.-ei)eat  the  i)rocess.     Some  species 

Bacteria  is  the  name  given  to  a  havo  been  carefully  watched  undei 
class  of  vegetable  cc-ganisms  that  ex-  the  microscope  during  their  develop 
ist  everywhere  and  in  countless  num-  ment  and  lia,ve  been  found  to  divide 
bers.  Because  of  their  minute  size  as  often  as  every  half  hour  and  ii 
they  are  called  micro-organisms,  being  some  cases  in  still  less  time.  Notwitt 
discernable  only  by  aid  of  the  highest  standing  the  hundreds  of  differen 
powers  of  the  microscope,  in  most  in-  species  of  bacteria  there  are  onl 
stances.  three     general  '  fovms— spheres,     rod 

The  more  common  word  "germ",  and  spirals.  Some  of  the  spheres  ar 
meaning  embryo,  has  come  into  gen-  large  and  some  small,  while  the  rod 
et-al  use  because  of  certain  forms  of  may'be  long  or  short,  thick  or  slende 
bacteria  being  the  origin  of  disease,  with  either  rounded  or  flat  ends  an 
Bacteria  are  simply  a  class  of  low  the  spjrals  may  be  loosely  or  fightll 
plants.  They  are  the  active  principle  coiled.  To  illustrate  we  might  sa 
in  many  of  natui'c's  processes  and  are  the  three  formi";  resemble  marble  j| 
as  necessary  to  our  life  as  the  blood  pieces  of  slate  pencils  and  coiled  wii 
in  our  veins.  They  are  the  cause  of  springs.  In  size  the  spheres  vary  fro: 
jtutref action  cc*  decay  of  all  animal  twelve  one  millionth  to  six  one  hui 
and  vegetable  substances.  They  en-  dred  thousandths  of  an  inch  in  diain 
rich  the  soil  by  a  process  of  nitrifi-  ter,  while  the  rods  and  spirals  vm 
cation  in  a  way  that  cannot  be  done  in  diameter  from  ififteen  millionths 
by  artificial  means.  They  are  the  cm*-  one  ten  thousandth  of  an  inch  and 
iiig  agents  of  the  farmer's  hay  in  the  length  from  one  but  little  more  thi 
mow,  as  well  as  his  fodder  in  the  silo,  their  diameter  to  threads  as  long 
In  the  dairy  they  are  of  gretit  impor-  one  hundredth  of  an  inch.  BactOT 
tance,  the  sonving  of  milk  being  are  usually  given  a  generic  nam 
caused  by  the  action  of  bacteria,  con-  based  upon  thele-  appearance  ur^'dl 
verting  the  sugar  of  the  milk  into  the  microscope  and  their  method 
lactic  acid.  The  ripening  of  cream  dividing  during  growth.  Some  of  t 
and  its  changes  into  butter  and  the  more  common  names  are  microeocev 
ripening  of  cheese  are  the  direct  re-  strei)tococcus,  staphylococcus  and  Sf 
suits   of    bacteria    growth.      It    is    to   ciua.   all   of   which   are   given   to  t 


Ilt04 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


101 


siilierical  furms.  The  rod  forms  ace 
all  given  the  geueric  name  of  Bacillus 
and  to  this  is  usually  added  a  specific 
name  based  upon  soniw  physiological 
character  as  bacillus  typhus — those 
causing  typhoid  fever.  And  in  much 
tlKe  same  way  the  spiral  forms  Iiare 
come  to  be  designated  as  spirallum— 
spirallum  dentinum  being  a  form 
which  occur  in  the  so-called  fuc-  of  the 
eth. 

Many  species  of  bacteria  have  an- 
other method  of  reproduction  besides 
iiple  division  or  fission.  It  is  by 
means  of  spores,  which  are  usually 
round  or  oval  particles  of  substance 
called  bacteria  protoplasm.  These 
spores  or  protoplastic  particles  are  ca- 
palde  of  resisting  conditions  of  heat, 
cold  or  starvation  that  would  destroy 
the  ordinary  bacteria. 

There  are  among  bacteria   two  dif- 
ferent  methods   of   spore   formation — 
endogenous    and    arthrogenpus.      The 
endogenous    spores    are   developed   in- 
side of   the   rod   and   spiral    forms   of 
bacteria    itself.      They    usually    break 
3Ut  of  the  rods  and  may  remain  inert 
for  a  long  period  of  time  or  until  they 
?ome  in  contact  with  i»roper  food  ma- 
terials   and     conditions     for    develop- 
oient    when    they    start,  to    grow   and 
nultiply  in  the  ordinary   way.      It  is 
:o  this  class  of  bacteria  that  the  Bac- 
llus    milli    of    ''Black    Brood"    belong. 
Irthrogenous    spores    are    formed    by 
)reaking  up  of  a  long  rod  into  short 
segments  or  sections.     This  form  will 
lot  resist  adverse  conditions   as  well 
s  the  endogenous  and  some   author- 
ties   claim    they   are   not  true    spores 
ut  are   simply    resting   cells.      What- 
ver  the  method  of  forming  the  spores 
ts  purpose  in  the  life  of  the  bacter- 
.im  is  that  of  insuring  a  perpetuation 
f  the   species,   through    its   increased 
lowers    of   resistance.      Some   species 
bacteria  possess  the  power  of  mo- 
[on  to  and  fro  in  the  media  in  which 
ley  are    growing.       This    motion    is 
reduced  by  hair  like  api^endages,  one 
more  in   number,   which   protrude 
hom  the  ends  or  sides  of  the  bacter- 
\ta  and  are  called  flagella.     It  is  be- 
ived  that  the  flagella  are  develpoed 
I'om   a   protoplastic   film    surrounding 
|e   bacterium,    their    distribution    be- 
|g  different  in  the  different  forms  of 
icteria. 


llegartling  the  internal  structurw  of 
bacteria  little  is  known  other  than 
that  they  are  of  very  simple  make-up. 

Of  the  many  hinidred  of  different 
species  of  bacteria  there  are  but  a 
comparatively  few  that  are  harmful 
to  mankind.  Of  this  class  which  are 
the  cause  of  disease  the  largest  num- 
ber are  bacillus  and  are  called  path- 
ogenic, while  the  harmless  ones  are 
callei^l  non-pathogenic.  The  pathogen- 
ic species  are  of  two  classes,  those 
which  are  true  parasites  and  those 
which  are  not.  By  true  parasites  we 
mean  those  which  live  upon  and  con- 
sume the  tissues  of  the  body  in  their 
growth  during  which  time  they  pro- 
duce poisonous  substances  that  may 
prove  fatal  when  of  sufficient  quan- 
tify. Under  this  class  may  be  cited 
the  Bacillus  tuberculosis  as  a  repre- 
sentative. The  class  of  pathogenic 
bacteria  which  are  not  true  parasites 
include  those  capable  of  living  free 
in  nature  and  though  they  develop 
the  poisonous  products  during  their 
growth  in  organic  substances,  it  does 
no  harm  unless  taken  into  the  hu- 
man system  with  the  food.  The  poi- 
sons produced  thus  free  in  nature,  ul- 
timately become  oxidized  into  harm- 
less substances  by  their  further  de- 
composition. It  will  be  seen  there- 
fore that  only  during  the  period  be- 
tween the  forming  of  the  iwisons  and 
their  oxidation  are  they  harmful.  In 
contracting  disease  by  inoculation 
with  these  pathogenic  bacteria  or 
germs  much  depends  upon  the  phys- 
iological condition  of  the  body  at  the 
time.  If  in  a  thoroughly  vigorous 
state  of  health  the  tissues  will  be 
built  up  and  the  poisons  eliminated 
before  the  bacteria  can  multiply  in 
sufficient  numbers  to  break  down  or 
weaken  these  natural  forces.  As  be- 
fore noted  there  are  but  few  harmful 
varieties  compared  to  the  whole  and 
it  is  safe  to  say,  that  of  every  hun- 
dred different  species  of  bacteria  as 
they  exist,  at  least  ninety-ifive  are  in 
some  way  beneficial  to  us.  In  pre- 
venting the  growth  of  bacteria  there 
is  usually  employed  one  of  two  forms 
of  substances  existing  under  three 
names — antiseptics,  disinfectants  and 
germicides.  Antiseptics  are  those 
substances  which  only  retard  the 
growth    of  bacteria,     while  disinfect- 


162 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


August, 


ants  are  substances  which  actually 
destroy  the  cause  of  int'ectiou  and  are 
equivalent  to  germicides,  which  kill 
the  germs.  Disinfectants  are  usually 
antiseptics  if  used  in  a  proper  way, 
but  the  latter  are  not  in  many  cases 
disinfectants.  There  is  another  class 
of  chemical  substances,  usually  .«;tfong 
oxidizing  agents,  which  will  convert 
the  strongly  smelling  products  of  bac- 
terial decomposition  into  inodorous 
ones.  Thtese  are  called  deodorizers 
and  may,  or  may  not  be  disinfectants. 
It  is  useless  to  attempt  to  disinfect 
fhe  air  except  in  tightly  closed  rooms 
and  even  then  to  be  effective  it  re- 
quires a  quantity  or  strength  of  dis- 
infectants in  which  it  w'ould  be  im- 
possible for  a  person  to  live.  Most 
of  the  so-called  disinfectants  in  the 
market,  when  diffused  through  the 
air  of  an  ordinary  I'oom  have  no  ac- 
tion upon  putrefactive  bacteria. 

Cleveland,  Ohio,  May  30,  1904. 


NATIONAL      BEE.  KEEPERS' 
ASSOCIATION. 

Los  Angeles.   Cal.,  June  18,   1904. 
Editor  American  Bee-Keeper, 

Dear  Sir: — The  Annual  Session  of 
the  National  Bee-Keepers'  Association 
for  1904  will  be  held  in  September  at 
St.    Louis,   Mo. 

September  27  and  28  will  be  devoted 
to  association  work  and  its  interests. 

Septembeu-  29th.  National  Day.  We 
expect  many  prominent  foreign  bee- 
keepers  to  be  present  on  this  day. 

September  30th.  Inspectors'  Day. 
Twenty  bee  inspectors  from  all  over 
the  United  States  and  Canada  are 
counted  on  to  introduce  and  discuss, 
"The  Diseases  of  Bees,  etc." 

Mr.  N.  E.  France  will  exhibit,  in  the 
Convention  Hall,  a  large  map  of  the 
United  States,  Canada,  Cuba  and  Eu- 
rope. Each  state  and  country  will 
have  a  shelf  attached  to  the  map  with 
a  one  pound  sample  of  each  kind  of 
honey  produced.  Many  othen*  exhib- 
its of  special  interests  will  be  shown. 

We  expect  to  see  the  largest  gath- 
ering of  bee-keepers  ever  iield  in  this 
country.  A  more  detailed  program 
will  appear  later. 

Respectfully, 

Geo.  W.  Brodbeck, 
Secretary. 


Lawson,  Mo.,  July  8   1904. 
Editor   Bee-Keeper : 

Your  excellent  journal  is  sent  to  me 
as  a  present,  by  Mr.  Willicutt,  of 
Massachusetts,  who  subscribed  three 
years  in  advance  for  me;  and  words 
fail  to  express  how  much  I  appreciate 
the  American  Bee-Keeper. 

In  reply  to  the  puzzle  on  page  143, 
I  should  say  there  was  something 
transfeoTed  to  the  bees  while  away 
that  caused  them  to  have  a  scent  dif' 
ferent  from  those  in  the  hive. 

Last  year  was  my  first  to  sell  hon- 
ey. One  day  I  was  going  to  Kansas 
City  and  I  took  a  case  with  me  to  sell 
there.  I  called  on  a  grocer  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Tenth  and  Michigan.  He  want- 
ed to  see  the  honey,  and  when  he 
looked  at  the  sample  he  said:  "Well, 
here  are  some  marks  on  the  section 
which  show  that  it  was  put  up  by  the 
bees;  and  besides,  the  combs  are  ir- 
regular— that  shows  that  it  is  gen- 
uine." 

I  told  him  all  comb  honey  was  put 
up  by  the  bees,  with  an  air  of  one 
having  a  great  knowledge  upon  the 
subject,  for  I  had  read  in  the  Modem 
Farmer  that  comb  honey  could  not  be 
made.  Said  I,  "You  might  get  some- 
thing in  a  can  or  jar  that  was  nol 
honey,  but  not  in  the  comb." 

"Oh."  he  said,  "they  make  combf 
and  put  melted  sugar  in  them,  anc 
sell  it  for  honey." 

"Well,"  said  I.  "I  have  nerer  seer 
any."     However,  he  bought  my  honey 

I  intended  writing  to  Mr.  Abbott  ir 
regard  to  what  the  grocer  said,  buj 
was  so  busy  for  a  long  time  that  I  for 
got  the  matter,  until  I  read  last  even 
ing  in  the  Bee-Keeper,  page  150 
where  you  say  it  cannot  be  made, 
will  investigate  this  the  little  I  an 
able,  and  when  I  learn  will  let  yoi 
know.  I  have  become  much  inter 
ested  and  want  to  find  out.  I  knoy 
impure  honey  is  sometimes  put  up  li 
glass   jars,   for  we  have  bought  it 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPE,R. 


163 


Wishing  yourself  and  your  jourual 
success,  I  am,  Youji's  truly, 

Miss   tSaleua   Mullin. 


Tlie  prevalent  idea  that  comb  honey 
is  manufactured  had  its  origin  in  an 
article  published  in  1S88  in  the  Popu- 
lar Science  Monthly,  from  the  pen  of 
United  States  Chemist  Wiley.  Prof. 
Wiley  made  the  statement  as  a  joke, 
thinking,  perhaps,  that  his  readers 
wovild  know  better;  but  the  wicked 
canard  has  girded  the  earth.  It  has 
sped  like  a  demon  of  hei.  to  the  ut- 
most ends  of  the  earth,  poisoning  the 
minds  of  humanity  against  one  of  the 
most  delicious,  dainty  and  wholesome 
articles  of  food  with  which  the  woa-ld 
has  been  blessed.  Its  baneful  influ- 
ence has  continued  for  twenty  years 
to  sweep  the  earth,  north,  south,  eest 
and  west,  until  today  it  is  difficidt  to 
find  anyone  outside  of  the  readers  of 
of  the  bee  journals  who  do  not  hon- 
estly believe  that  the  beautiful,  snow- 
white  comb  honey  now  seen  in  the 
markets  is  a  human  product.  It  has 
seemed  to  be  a  case  of  "truth  crushed 
toi  earth''  without  rising,  and  that  the 
"eternal  years  of  God"  have  given 
place  to  this  vile  fabrication  bj'  which 
modea.'n  apiculture  has  been  smitten 
to  earth  as  often  as  it  sought  to  rise. 
Let  every  apiarist  put  forth  his 
strength  to  exti'icate  our  struggling 
industi'y  from  the  clutches  of  this 
merciless,  menacing  demon,  the  hoary- 
headed  W^iley  lie. — Ed. 


third  time.  I  gave  them  two  supers  full 
of  sections  filled  with  foundation.  I 
,soon  saw  there  were  too  many  bees  for 
their  supers  so  I  kept  putting  on  su- 
pers every  day  or  two  till  I  got  five 
on  that  one  hive,  or  140  one-pound 
sections. 

Today  I  expect  to  take  oft"  one  su- 
per of  honey,  which  is  already  sealed. 
Besides,  I  have  changed  supers  with 
comb  for  empty  ones.  What  do  you 
think  of  that? 

I  remain,  yours  very  respectfully, 
D.  H.  Zencker. 


Knoxville,  Tenn.,   Juiy  7,   1904. 
Editor   Bee-Keeper: 

In  regard  to  the  puzzle  page  143  of 
A.  B.  K.  there  may  have  been  some 
odor  in  the  room  where  the  supers 
had  been  that  the  bees  contracted. 

Mr.  W.  H.  F.  made  a  mistake  in 
putting  the  supers  in  a  dark  place. 
The  bees  did  not  know  where  to  go  to. 
When  a  bee-escape  is  placed  under 
the  supers,  they  know  that  the  brood 
nest  is  under  and  go  there.  But 
when  the  supers  are  away  from  the 
hive  they  go  to  the  light  and  out. 
Adrian  Getaz. 


Upperco,  Md.,  June  13,   1904. 
Editor  American  Bee-Keeper: 

I  am  a  beginner  in  the  bee  business 

and  have  ten  fairly  good  colonies,  all 

in  first-class  hives.     I  am  putting  my 

Whole  study   ©n   the  subject  of  bees. 

My  aim  is   to    keep   down   swarming, 

land    increase    by    nuclei.      I    had    a 

Iqueer   thing   happen    to    me   the    last 

Iweek  in  ;May.     That  is  the  commence- 

lent  of   our  honey   harvest  here.     I 

lad  one  colony    which   had   been   out 

le  second  time.     @n  the  28th  of  May 

^t  came  out  for  the  third  time.     In  a 

few   minutes    after    its    arrival    there 

rere  two  more  that  came  out.     I  had 

le  queens  all  clipped  so  I  soon  caged 

them.     I   was  watching   them   and   to 

iy  surprise  here  all  three  were  going 

In  this  hive  which  had  been  out  the 


Belmont,  Ont,  July  7,  1904. 
Editor   Bee-Keeper: 

We  r.re  having  rather  hard  times  in 
Ontario  this  year,  probably  70  per 
cent  of  the  bees  killed  by  winter  and 
spring,  the  balance  in  poor  shape, 
then  short  crops  of  clover  honey. 
Those  who  have  access  to  basswood 
may  get  a  good  thing  from  that  if 
weather  is  favorable. 

Yours  truly,  , 
Morlev   Pettit. 


Greenville.  Miss..  July  11,.  1904. 
Editor   Bee-Keeper  ] 

Owing  to  a  wet  and  cold  spring 
the  bees  made  but  little  progress  un- 
til the  1st  of  .Tune  and  little  swarming 
until  ,Tuly  1st.  Now  they  are  gath- 
ering honey  rapidly.  Have  only  ex- 
tracted 4.000  pounds  from  220  col- 
onies spring  count.  The  low  prices  of 
honey  are  so  discouraging,  I  would  be 
glad  to  be  out  of  the  busine.is.  Have 
14  one-half  baiTels  in  St.  Louis  for 
almost  a  year  and  no  demand  fcr  it. 

Now  in  regard  to  friend  Arthur  C. 
Miller:     There    is   no   apology    neces- 


164 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


August, 


sary.  He  must  allow  for  au  old  bee- 
keeper of  TO  beiug  over-sensitive  as 
to  his  knowledge  of  apiculture.  He, 
no  doultt,  has  a  more  gentle  strain  of 
Cyprians.  1  have  one  colony  of  a  dif- 
ferent sti-ain  from  the  imported  ones; 
though  quite  nervous  can  be  handled 
without  much  trouble,  as  instanced  a 
few  days  ago  when  I  removed  ten 
surplus  combs  of  honey  without  a 
sting,  when  the  others  punished  me 
an  hour  afterward  severely. 

1  have  two  diflferent  strains  of  Car- 
niolans,  one  very  gentle,  the  other 
quite  vicious;  so  we  must  work  by 
selection  for  the  most  gentle.  It  has 
been  a  g»"eat  jdeasure  to  read  the  ar- 
ticles of  Mr.  Miller  and  he  can  be  a.s- 
sured  of  my  best  wishes. 
Yours  truly, 

O.    M.    Blanton. 


pects  have  been,  and  are  splendid,  but 
it  rains  about  half  of  the  time.  I  had, 
spring  count,  58  colonies,  all  in  best 
hives,  etc.,  and  have  thus  far  in- 
creased to  120,  and  will  increase  more 
if  possible. 

Fraternally  yours, 

Leo   F.    Hanegan. 


New  York,  N.  Y..  July  10,  1904. 
Editor  Bee-Keeper : 

Puzzle  on  page  143:  Offensive  smell 
imparted  l)y  the  brush  which  came  in 
contact  with  the  bees.  , 

Yours  truly, 

Thos.    Mocce. 


Williamsfield,   111..   July  14,   1004. 
Editor    Bee-Keeper: 

Spring  has  been  very  backward  so 
that  bees  were  slow  in  building  up 
but  honey  flow  was  good.  Basswood 
very  good,  white  clover  very  good, 
but  lasted  only  a  few  weeks  and  is 
practically  all  gone  at  this  date.  Sweet 
clover  is  doing  well  but  is  too  scarce 
to  give  much  surplus. 

At  present  I  have  increased  from 
34  to  66  but  bought  two  swarms.  We 
Avill  not  get  more  than  one-third  aj< 
much  honey  iter  colony  as  last  year, 
judging  from  present  indications 

Summer  has  been  very  dry  so  corn 
is  pretty  clean  from  smartweed.  The 
last  few  days  we  have  had  very 
heavy  thunder  storms  and  heavy  rain 
fall,  which  may  help  fall  flow  some. 
Some  colonies  have  completed  two  su- 
pers, best  colony  has  nearly  completed 
fourth  super.  Poorest  colony  just  be- 
ginning in  super.  Four  colonies  lost 
their  queens  in  April  and  refused  to 
rear  (pieen  from  brood  and  were  final- 
ly given  ripe  queen  cell  and  reared 
queens  but  are  far  behind  the  rest. 
I  guess  it  would  have  paid  me  to  have 
doubled  them  up. 

Yours  truly. 

J.    E.    Johnson. 


Many  of  our  correspondents  and 
foreign  exchange.s  are  inclined  to  con- 
fuse the  names  of  the  Amei'ican  Bee- 
Keeper  and  the  American  Bee  Journal. 
The  two  are  entirely  septirate  publica- 
tions, having  no  connection  whatever, 
and  are  issued  from  offices  more  than  a. 
thousand  miles  apart.  We  quite  fre- 
quently receive  letters  addressed  to  the 
American  Bee  Journal,  while  foreign 
exchanges  not  infrequently  make  use 
of  matter  ai)pearing  in  our  columns 
and  credit  our  weekly  contemporary 
therewith. 


Nomenclature.^I  wonder  shall  we 
ever  get  done  with  the  use  of  '"bar 
frame"  and  "hybrid"  in  bee  papers. 
One  might  as  well  talk  of  a  vegeta- 
ble cabbage  as  of  a  "bar  frame",  and 
as  for  "hybrid,"  why  should  the  prod- 
uct of  an  Iri.sh  drone  and  an  Ital- 
ian queen  be  a  hybrid  any  more  than 
the  child  of  a  French  father  and  a 
German  mother?  (We  give  it  up.  Ask 
us  another.  Huxley  says  that  hybrid 
is  "  the  product  of  different  species, 
with  sterility  preventing  perpetuation 
for  over  one  or  two  generations." 
"Hybrid,"  as  denoting  a  cross,  is 
more  common  than  accurate.  How 
would  "mongrel"  suit  you? — Ed.)— 
Irish   Bee  Journal. 


Glenwood.   Wis.. 
Dear    Friend   Hill: 
Bees  in   this  locality 


all  that   might   be  wished  for.     Pros 


American  "Courtesy." — ^C.  P.  Da- 
dant,  it  appeal's,  has  issued  an  invi- 
tation for  a  delegation  of  British  bee- 
keepers to  a  convention  at  St.  Louis. 
He  has  not  thought  it  necessnry  to  in- 

July  1.",  1004.  vite  Irish  bee-keepers.  :Mr.  Padant  is 
Vice-President   of  the  National   B.  K. 

are  not  doing  A.  of  the  Fnited  States.  He  ou£:ht  to 
know  better.— Irish  Bee  Journal. 


44MM»»4»MMM4»»MM»M»^4*»M»»M4»M4M»  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 


THE 


Bee -Keeping  World 


staff  Contributors  :    F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ. 

Contributions  to  this  Department  are  solicited  from  all  quarters  of  the  earth. 


♦  ♦♦^♦♦♦♦♦♦^♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦^♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦MM4»MMM»» 


BELGIUM. 

Mr.  Richards,  of  Ain.sterdam,  under- 
took to  keep  one  colony  of  bees  in  tlie 
cit.T.  There  was  no  other  available 
place  but  the  very  low  attic  of  his 
house.  He  was  compelled  to  place 
the  entrance  at  the  top.  A  little  later 
he  moved  to  the  suburbs,  took  there 
his  colony  of  bees.  The  entrance  re- 
mained where  it  was — that  is  between 
the  brood  nest  and  the  supers.  An- 
other colony  was  bought,  with  the  en- 
trance below  as  usual.  The  first 
colony,  with  the  entrance  above,  gave 
every  year  during  three  years  a  large 
amount  of  surplus,  once  as  much  as 
five  supers  (about  the  size  of  the  sup- 
ers used  by  the  Dadants)  and  never  of- 
fered to  swarm.  The  other,  during 
these  three  years,  gave  about  one  super 
every  year  and  sAvarmed  in  spite  of 
all  efforts  to  prevent  it.  After  that 
Mr.  Richards  changed  also  the  en- 
trance of  the  second  hive,  and  from 
thar  time,  he  obtained  from  it  the  same 
result,  as  he  did  from  the  first;  that 
is  no  swarms  and  from  each  abbut  200 
lbs  of  extracted  honej  every  year. 
The  only  inconvenience  is  that  the 
bees  are  unable  to  keep  the  bottom  of 
the  hive  clean  and  it  must  be  cleaned 
occasionally.  A  second  entrance  at 
the  bottom  might  be  put  in,  and  open- 
ed occasionally.  For  the  winter  it 
might  be  better  to  close  the  top  one 
and  leave  the  lower  one  open  to  avoid 
loss  of  heat. — Revue  Internationale. 


In  a  local  daily  paper  of  Belgium, 
an  advertisement  of  superior  "table 
honey"  was  inserted.  After  a  few 
days  a  bee-keeper  of  the  neighborhood 
put  in  the  same  paper  an  ad.  stathig 
that  the  aforesaid  "talile  honey"  was 
nothing  Init  sugar  syrup,  colored  with 
something  or  other  and  fiavored  with  a 
little  .strong  dark  honey.  The  effect 
was  immediate.  The  ad.  about  table 
)ney  dissapeared  from  the  paper  and 
the  stuff  itself  from  the  grocery  where 
6t  had  been  kept. — I>e  Rucher  Beige. 


Last  year{l903)  The  Society  of  Ag- 
riculture of  the  Province  of  Brande- 
burg  in  Belgium,  distributed  a  large 
amount  of  phacelia  seed  to  its  mem- 
bers with  a  request  to  report.  All  ex- 
cept two  reported  it  to  be  an  exception- 
ally superior  honey  plant,  having  the 
additional  advantage  to  produce  nec- 
tar nearly  as  well  during  dry  weather 
as  during  faAorable  weather.  As  for- 
age, either  green  or  dry,  it  is  decided- 
ly inferior  and  not  likely  to  ever  come 
into  use  for  that  purpose.  All  agree 
that  the  plant  will  grow  in  any  kind  of 
soil.  The  experiments  made  at  the  Ag- 
ricol  Institute  of  Berlin  show  that  the 
phacelia  does  not  fix  the  nitrogen  of 
the  air  like  the  clovers  and  similar 
plants  and  therefore  is  not  very  valu- 
able for  green  manuring  purposes. — 
Le  Rucher  Beige. 

The  honey  from  the  heath  is  some- 
times so  thick  that  it  is  almost  impos- 
sible to  extract  it.  Mr.  Manfroid  ad- 
vises to  use  a  kind  of  comb  or  brush 
with  wire  teeth  to  perforate  the  combs 
throughout  so  as  to  have  the  bottoms 
of  the  cells  perforated.  The  pressure 
of  the  air  on  the  inside  of  the  combs 
helps  to  "push"  the  honey  out  and  en- 
ables the  apiarist  to. extract  the  thick- 
est honey  he  may  have. — Le  Rucher 
Beige. 

One  winter  Mr.  Sior  had  a  colony 
A^hose  bees  were  nearly  every  day  out, 
so  to  speak,  and  very  often  when  the 
weather  was  quite  unfavorable.  Of 
course,  the  loss  of  bees  was  consider- 
able and  Mr.  Sior  ,saw  that  if  the  thing 
kept  on  that  way,  only  a  few  bees 
would  be  left  at  the  end  of  the  winter. 
To  cool  them  down,  he  uncovered  the 
hive  and  poked  in  several  handfulls  of 
snow  and  closed  it  again.  That 
stopped  their  going  out  so  completely 
that  Mr.  Sior  did  not  know  but  that  the 
colony  might  have  been  nearly  frozen. 
As  a  matter  of  fact,  it  turned  out  that 
the  snow  had  melted  and  furnished  the 
bees  the  water  they  needed,  and  there- 


166 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


August, 

fore   stopped    their  going   out.     Com-  in.     Slie    was    accepted.— Le    Rucher 

menting  un  the  incident,  :Mi-.  Debieune  Beige. 

insists     again     on  the     necessity     of  

furnishing  the  bees  enough  Avater  and  An  apiarist  had  a  colony-  which  for 
flour  to  take  care  of  all  the  brood  they  four  years  Avas  the  best  of  his  apiai-y 
may  attempt  to  raise  early  iu  the  by  a  long  way  and  had  nerer  swai'med. 
spring.  He  claims  that,  contrary  to  While  not  exactly  gentle  by  any  means,, 
the  opinion  gen0rally  adn\iitted,  the  it  could  be  handled-  The  fifth  year, 
bees  will  sometime  take  flour  even  af-  he  decided  to  requeen,  and  was  sur- 
fer the  pollen  has  appeared  in  the  field,  prised  to  find  that  the  queen  which  had 
He  uses  the  best  wheat  flour  and  puts  been  so  good,  was  very  small,  quite 
it  in  a  comb  in  a  sheltered  place.  The  black,  with  short  legs,  but  exceedingly 
comb  is  placed  horizontally  and  fur-  quick.  This  shows  that  with  queen 
nishes  a  foothold  for  the  bees,  so  they  bees  as  with  many  other  things,  ap- 
do  not  run  the  risk  of  being  "drowned"  pearances  can  not  always  be  depend- 
in  the  flour. — Le  Rucher  Beige.  ed  on.— Le  Rucher  Beige. 


It  is  often  diflicult  to  know  exactly 
when  to  put  on  the  supers.  Too  soon 
means  a  loss  of  heat  and  thei'efore  a 
setback  to  the  work  of  the  colony,  and 
too  late  means  a  loss  of  surpuls.  Mr. 
Debienne  puts  the  first  super  on  a  few 
days  before  the  main  honey  flow 
comes.  At  the  same  time,  he  uncaps 
whatever  old  honey  is  in  the  brood 
nest.  The  bees  are  then  forced  to  car- 
ry it  in  the  super  to  repair  the  combs. 
That  starts  them  at  once  to  work  in 
the  super,  rather  than  crowd  the  brood 
nest.  Needless  to  say  that  ^Ir.  Debi- 
enne works  for  extracted  honey. — Le 
Rucher  Beige. 


Mr.  Giot  is  emphatically  in  favor  of 
placing  the  extmctiug  combs  vei-j'  far 
apart  so  the  bees  will  build  them  very 
thick.  There  is  a  saving  of  wax  and 
time  for  the  bees  to  cap  a  less  number 
of  combs.  A  saving  of  time  for  the 
apiarist  in  handling,  uncapping  and  ex- 
tracting a  smaller  number  of  combs 
for  the  same  amount  of  honey.  And 
finally  the  queen  will  never  lay  in  such 
deep  combs  and  the  bees  never  deposit 
pollen  in  them. — Le  Rucher  Beige. 

The  process  of  wetting  a  swarm  on 
the  wing  t;>  make  it  settle  is  well 
known.  But  sometimes  a  swarm  set- 
tles and  before  the  apiarist  can  hive  it, 
takes  "french  leave"  and  departs  for 
the  woods.  To  prevent  any  possibili- 
t.A'  of  such  thing  occuring,  ^Ir.  Wathelet 
gives  the  settled  cluster  a  good  wet- 
ting. That  keeps  it  quiet  fee-  a  while. 
— Le  Rucher  Beige. 

Mr.  Decortis  had  a  colony  which  re- 
fused to  accept  a  queen.  He  finally 
smoked  it  Avith  tobacco  until  the  bees 
Avere  asphyxiated  (not  quite  dead  of 
course),  and  then  merely  put  the  queen 


Another  apiarist  sold  a  swarm  to  a 
neighbor.  An  unusual  actiA^ty  was 
soon  noticed  both  by  the  swarm  and 
the  old  colony.  Investigation,  Avith 
the  help  of  some  flour.,  soon  revealed 
the  fact  that  the  swarm  was  robbing 
the  old  colony.  As  the  old  colony  did 
not  try  at  all  to  repulse  the  robbers, 
nothing  could  be  done.  These  i^ro- 
ceedings  lasted  eight  days.  Needless 
to  say  that  the  neighbor  paid  the 
owner  of  the  old  colony  for  the  honey 
robbed,  as  near  as  they  couM  guess  at 
the  amount. — Le  Rucher  Beige. 


The  load  of  nectar  that  a  bee  bring!* 
home  is  estimated  at  one  twentieth  of 
a  gram  (the  American  pound  contains 
4.o2  grams).  2,000  loads  or  trips  are 
therefore  required  to  bring  iu  lOO 
grams  of  nectar.  But  100  grams  of 
nectar  contain  only  40  grams  ®f  honey. 
If  a  colony  gathers  10  lbs  of  honey  a 
day  or  rather  the  nectar  necessary  to 
produce  it,  250,000  trips  will  have  to  be 
made.  And  if  the  colony  contains  10,- 
000  field  bpcs,  each  bee  will  have  to 
make  25  trips  every  day-  Add  to  that 
the  honey  consumed,  the  pollen  and 
water  brought  in  for  the  brood,  and 
we  may  estimate  that  during  a  heaA'y 
flow,  every  field  bee  makes  30  or  40 
trips  every  day. — Le  Rucher  Beige. 


CHINA. 

In  the  valley  of  Anning  a  tree 
known  to  the  scientists  as  Ligustrum 
lucidum  is  found  in  abundance.  In 
the  spring  the  bark  of  the  trunk  and 
the  limbs,  becomes  covered  with  ex- 
ci'escences  about  the  size  of  a  pea. 
Cutting  these  "peas"  in  two,  shows  in 
the  interior  something  like  flour,  but 
which  is  really  the  eggs  of  the  insect 
knoAA'u  as  the  white  wax  worm. 
These  "peas"  are  gathered  and  brought 


I90i 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


1G7 


to  the  city  of  Chiating.  Around 
Chiating  are  immense  orchards  or 
woods  planted  with  a  kind  of  ash  tree 
(Fraxinus  sinensis).  The  "peas"  are 
put  in  very  small  sacks  and  the  sacks 
hung  to  the  trees.  The  sacks  are 
made  with  small  holes  so  as  to  per- 
mit the  insects  to  come  out  when  they 
hatch.  The  females  lay  their  eggs  in 
the  cracks  of  the  bark.  The  males  are 
provided  with  glands  similar  to  those 
rhat  produce  the  wax  from  the  worker 
bees.  They  plaster  up  or  rather  var- 
nish over  the  bark  of  the  tree  when  the 
eggs  have  been  laid  with  that  varnish. 
This  varnish  is  really  a  kind  of  wax 
quite  white-  To  harvest  it  the  bark 
covered  with  the  wax,  is  raked  ofC  the 
trees  and  put  in  boiling  water.  The 
melted  wax  comes  to  the  top. 


SPAIN. 

The  editor  of  the  Apicultcr  tells  us 
that  Langstroth  Revised  is  now  trans- 
lated in  Spanish  and  the  translation 
v.'ill  be  ready  next  September  or  there- 
about. 


SWITZERLAND. 

Mr.  Kramer  in  order  to  study  the 
working  of  the  bees  put  a  comb  of 
sealed  brood  from  an  Italian  colony  in 
a  colony  of  black  bees.  At  detailed 
report  of  his  observations  is  given, 
but  is  too  long  to  insert  here.  It  ap- 
pears that  the  bees  are  about  three 
days  old  when  they  begin  to  feed  the 
queen  and  the  brood.  They  make 
their  first  flight  when  about  five  days 
old,  but  do  not  bring  in  any  nectar  or 
pollen  until  several  days  older.  In 
concluding  his  communication,  he  in- 
sists that  the  condition  as  to  flow  of 
nectar,  abundance  of  stores,  amount  of 
brood,  etc.,  have  a  considerable  influ- 
ence on  the  working  of  the  bees.  If 
necessary  quite  old  bees  can  take  care 
of  the  brood  and  quite  young  bees  will 
go  to  the  field  rather  than  starve. — Le 
Rucher  Beige. 

An  apiculturist  of  Switzeiiand  put  a 
comb  of  eggs  and  young  brood  into 
a  queenless  colony,  twenty  queen-cells 
were  built.  Of  the  14  cells,  two  failed. 
Among  the  .12  queens  obtained,nine 
were  large,  and  three  small,  or  rather 
smaller  than  the  other,  six  were  almost 
black,  four  moi*e  yellow  and  two  well 
marked.  These  two  last  were  among 
the  largest.     Right  here,  is  an  impor- 


tant lesson.  In  our  text  books  and 
bee-papers  the  advice  is  often  given, 
in  order  to  prevent  second  swarms,  to 
destroy  all  the  queen  cells  but  one. 
But  as  we  see  by  the  above,  the  one 
cell  left  m  ly  fail,  or  give  an  inferior 
queen.  Why  not  cage  the  last  cells 
and  select  the  queen  after  the  hatch- 
ing?— Le  Rucher  Beige. 


It  seems  to  be  the  aim  of  the  bee- 
keeping fraternity  in  Switzerland  to 
not  only  keep  the  native  brown  bee  in 
its  purity  but  to  improve  the  race  by 
selection.  I  think  I  have  reported  be- 
fore that  stations  have  been  establish- 
ed for  the  purpose  of  mating  queen 
bees.  Here  selected  colonies  are  kept 
to  furnish  highbred  drones,  and  keep- 
ers may  send  nuclei  colonies  with 
virgin  queens  to  their  stations  and 
Avhen  queens  are  mated  have  them  re- 
turned. This  would  be  pretty  expen- 
sive business  here  in  America  on  ac- 
count of  exorbitant  express  rates  and 
long  distances.  In  Switzerland  neither 
cut  a  large  figure,  and  bee-keepers 
avail  themselves  of  the  opportunity.  In 
selecting  breeding  stock  the  motto  is: 
"Only  the  best  is  good  enough."  For 
several  successive  years  a  bi'eeding 
colony  must  hare  distinguished  itself 
by  constancy,  character,  energy,  and 
longevity.  Hei*e  is  an  idea,  I  had  not 
thought  of,  but  one  of  the  tests  of  long- 
evity is,  a  colony  with  but  seven  (7) 
broodframes  must  be  able  to  populate 
a  large  hive. 


GERMANY. 

Broermann  writes  in  Bwsch.  Zen- 
tralblatt  of  how  he  prevented  swarm- 
ing during  the  buckwheat  season.  He 
had  discovered  that  a  large  portion  of 
his  prime-swarms  as  well  as  the  moth- 
er colonies  again  made  preparations 
for  swarming.  After  turning  his 
hives  bottom  side  up  and  leaving  them 
thus  for  eight  days  swarming  was 
given  up  by  his  bees. 

(The  same  thing  has  been  tried  here 
when  reversible  frames  and  hives  had 
their  time,  but  if  I  remember  right  did 
not  prove  altogether  a  success). 


According  to  the  Phalz  Bztg.  Distler 
has  succeeded  in  producing  a  none- 
swarming  strain  of  bees.  Two  years 
ago  he  received  from  his  30  colonies 
only  two  swarms  which  were  lead  by 
virgin  queens:  last  year  his  bees  cast 
no  swarms  at  all. 


168 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


August 


'NeAV  and  better  hives  are  being  in- 
vented all  the  time.  Hartmaunhas 
invented  the  "ne  plus  ultra,"  by  means 
of  vrhich  the  yield  may  be  quardi-u- 
pled.  I  will  not  tax  the  reader  by  a 
description,  for  the  Hartmann  hive  is 
not  universally  accepted  as  anything 
better  than  we  had  before. 


ARABIA. 


one  everywhere  a  pest,  the  other  the 
most  effective  sweetener  on  earth  and 
no  mean  money  raiser.  It  is  as  the 
former  interferes  with  the  legitimate 
business  enterprise  of  the  latter  that 
the  bee  farmer  desires  to  enter  his 
vigorous  protests. 

Louisiana  and  Texas  are  not  so  sore- 
ly troubled  with  ant  depredations  as 
is  Florida,  where  the  large  red  robber 
is  a  terror,  l)nt  tlie  sum  total  of  tlae 
damage  done  is  not  inconsiderable. 
The  amount  of  honey   pilfered  is  far 


The  Arabs  are  quite  fond  of  honey. 
They  consume  it  in  its  raw  state,  as  an 
ingredient  in  cake  and  in  drink.  It 
does  not  require  very  much  space  for  a  fi'om  the  most  serious  factor.  The  ex- 
large  apiary  as  the  hives  are  corded  up  citement  in  the  hives  consequent  upon 
in  two  rows  closely  together  on  the  the  visits  of  these  thieves  and  the  loss 
ground.  They  represent  the  shape  of  of  time  and  energy  used  in  largely  un- 
pieces  of  logs,  about  eight  inches  in  availing  chasings  count  heavilv  upon 
diameter  and  from  three  to  four  feet  in  the  labors  of  the  colony, 
length.      A   covering     of  grass     gives 


them  protection  from  the  sun  and  wind 
Different  materials  are  used  to  con- 
struct these  hives.  Some  are  made 
of  the  cork  oak,  some  are  made  of  wil- 
low whisps  braided  together  like  bas- 


The  writer  uses  with  best  effect 
stands  having  feet  of  half-inch  iron, 
eight  or  ten  inches  in  length,  set  into 
tin  cans,  or,  better,  heavy  boarding 
house   cups.      These   cups   should    fre- 


ket  work:  some  are  made  of  clay  Each  ^l^^ntly  be  iilled  with  Avater,  floating 
end  of  the  hives  Is  closed  with  a  round  ^  *"*'^^'  ^^'^^^^  '^^  ^^^-  ^^  twelve  or  six- 
piece  of  bark.  When  honey  is  wanted  t^*^"  ^^^^  stand  requires  six  or  seven 
the  hive  is  opened  from  the  back  end  ^^  these  feet. 

and  the  honey  is  cut  out.  To  make  the  stand  take  two  2x4-s 

At  weddings     and  religious     feasts  of    the   required   length    and    securely 

honey  is  seldom  lacking.      A  common  „ail  1x4  pieces  20  inches  long  into  Ihe 

practice  is  to  take  butter  and   honev 


and  knead  it  till  it  becomes  a  sort  of 
homogeneous  mass.  A  dish  of  it  is 
placed  on  the  middle  of  the  table  and 
all  sop  their  bread  in  it.  A  drink  is 
made  of  honey,  water  and  lemon  juice : 
but  whether  this  is  allowed  to  fer- 
ment or  not  the  Leipz.  Bienenztg.  does 
not  say.  The  Arabs  do  not  protect 
themselves     Avith  bee  hats  and     thev 


ends  and  similar  pieces  six  or  eight 
feet  apart  on  Avhat  Avill  he  the  loAA'er 
side  of  the  stand.  Near  the  ends  bore 
four  half-inch  holes  to  AA'ithin  a  half 
inch  through  and  also  one  in  the  mid- 
dle of  each  long  piece  or  one  in  the 
middle  of  the  back  and  two  at  thirds 
in  the  front.  Into  these  drive  eight 
or  ten-inch  l»olts  or  haA'e  a  smith  cut 


AA'ear  no  pantaloons,  but  they  smudge    '-^  half-inch  bar  into  these  lengths  and 
their  bees  to  subdue  them. 


AUSTRIA. 

To  make  butter  more  palatable  and 
at  the  same  time  increase  the  keep- 
ing qualities  Jung-Places  advocates  in 
Deutsche  Imker  to  add  a  little  honey 
to  the  butter  when  making  it;  about 
one  ounce  of  honey  to  a  i)onnd  of  but-  plans  to  try  crude  oil  on  a  small  scale 
ter.  This  is  not  entirely  new,  but  He  Avill  raise  a  ridge  several  inches 
good  and  bears  repeating.  Ino-h  for  good  drainage.    This  and  an 

adjacent  strip    for  some   feet  he   will 

thoroughly     saturate,     destroying     all 
ants   within   that  belt  and   largely  or 


driA'e  them.  Invert  the  stand  and  set 
into  cups  as  directed.  Each  cup  should 
stand  on  a  brick.  The  hiA-es  may 
stand  Avithin  a  few  inches  of  each  oth- 
er on  this  stand,  preferably  alternate- 
ly  facing  in   opposite  directions. 

The  great  I.ouisiana-Texas  oil  fields 
may  help  us  to  fight  ants.     The  AA'riter 


ANTS    AND    BEES. 


Our  mild  Southland  is  favorable  to  entirely  keej)ing  others  from  approach- 
the  rapid  increase  of  these  tAvo  most  ing.— Rice  Journal  and  Gulf  Coast 
interesting    insect    industrialists  ,    the    Farmer. 


1004 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


169 


PUBLISHED  MONTHLY. 

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FORT  PIERCE.  FLA 

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Postage  prepaid  in  the  United  States  anC 
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postal  union,  and  20  cents  extra  to  all  other 
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Advertising:    Bates. 

Fifteen  cents  per  line,  9  words;  $2.00  per 
inch.  Five  per  cent,  discount  for  two  inser- 
tions; seven  per  cent,  for  three  insertions; 
twenty  per  cent,    for  twelve  insertions. 

Advertisements  must  be  received  on  or  be- 
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tion in  the   month  followmg. 

Matters  relating  in  any  way  to  busines.' 
should   invariably    be   addressed   to 

THE  AMERICAN   BEE-KEEPER, 

Falconer,  N.  Y. 

Articles  for  publication  or  letters  exclusively 
for  the  editorial  department  may  be  addressed 
to  H.   E.    Hill, 

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Subscribers  receiving  their  paper  in  blue 
wrapper  will  know  that  their  subscription  ex- 
pires with  this  number.  We  hope  that  you 
will   not   delay   favoring  us   with   a   renewal. 

A  red  wrapper  on  your  paper  indicates  that 
ycm  owe  for  your  subscription.  Please  give 
the  matter  your  earliest  attention. 


The  theory  that  the  secretion  of  an 
excess  of  chyle  is  responsible  for  the 
disease,  bee-paralysis,  as  set  forth  by  a 
contributor  to  Gleaning's  some  months 
ago,  is  receiving  all  kinds  of  swats  and 
knockout  blows  from  the  shoulder 
through  the  Australian  press. 


Swarrhmore  queen  rearing  appli- 
ances received  first  prize  at  the  British 
Royal  Show  in  London,  June  2.5  to  30. 


Bees  exhil)ited  by  Messrs.  -Faaies  Lee 
&  Son,  which  also  secured  first  prize, 
were  from  Swarthmore  stock.  An- 
other feather  in  the  cap  of  American 
beedom. 


The  Ladies'  Home  Journal,  which 
took  occasion  to  brush  up  and  again 
roll  the  old  Wiley  "chestnut"  about 
nianufacturing  comb  honey,  in  its  June 
issue,  has  been  gaining  a  little  reputa- 
tion for  careless  statements  otherwise. 
In  its  May  issue  it  purported  to  en- 
lighten its  readers  in  regard  to  the  in- 
jurious ingredients  of  certain  patent 
medicines  on  the  market.  Dr.  R.  V. 
Pierce  promptly  instituted  suit  against 
the  publishers,  with  a  result  that  the 
offending  Journal  takes  it  all  back  and 
apologizes  most  humbly.  Bee-Keepers 
v.-ould  be  grateful  for  so  wholesome  an 
apology  for  the  injustice  it  has  done  to 
them. 


"Hitter"  a  regular  conMbutor  of 
first  class  material  to  the  coluaiss  of 
the  Australasian  Bee-Keeper,  protests 
against  the  classing  of  the  dark  varie- 
ties of  honey  as  a  low-grade  product 
simply  because  of  its  darker  color;  and 
calls  attention  to  the  fact  that  honey 
is  not  necessarily  less  palatable  nor 
less  wholesome  because  it  is  not  wliite. 
He  thinks  the  public  should  be  educat- 
ed to  an  appreciation  of  the  fact  that 
color  is  not  an  index  of  quality.  There 
is  much  sound  sense  in  the  suggestion. 
Jellies  and  jams  made  fi'om  the  darker 
varieties  of  plums  or  grapes  are  not  re- 
garded as  inferior  to  those  made  from 
the  lighter-colored  fruits,  nor  sold  at  a 
lower  pi'ice. 


Our  thanks  are  due  Secretary  James 
A.  Stone  for  a  copy  of  the  Third  An- 
nual Report  of  the  Illinois  State  Bee- 
Keepers'  Association.  The  report 
comprises  163  pages  of  solid  matter, 
presenting  the  constitution,  by-laws, 
meml)ership  li.st  and  a  copy  of  the  law 
which  gives  the  association  an  appro- 
priation for  .$2,000  from  the  State. 


At  the  convention  of  the  Illinois 
State  Bee-Keepers  at  Chicago  last  De- 
cember, Fred  W.  Muth,  president  of 
the  Fred  W.  Muth,  Company,  of  Cin- 
cinnati, who,  by  the  way,  knows  a  few 
things  about  honey  himself,  asserts  the 
belief  that  Frank  Rauchfuss,  manager 
of  tile  Colorado  Hone.v  Producers'  As- 
sociation, is  the  best-posted  honey-man 
in  the  world.     This  is  rather  an  envia- 


170 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


August. 


ble  distinctiou,  and  it  is  interesting  to 
luiow  who  is  really  "it."  By  the  way, 
Mr.  Raucbfuss  is  the  American  Be'e- 
Keeper'g  Colorado  agent,  while  Mr. 
Muth  represents  us  in  Ohio  and  adja- 
cent territory.  The  Bee-Keeper  Is 
proud  of  these  representatives. 


OBSERVATION  HIVES. 

As  a  result  of  some  correspondence 
v.-ith  our  readers  in  regard  to  observa- 
tion hives  we  reproduce  in  this  num- 
ber a  photograph  of  one  which  occupi- 
ed a  place  at  the  dining  room  window 
of  the  writer's  home  for  several  years. 
The  hive  was  constructed  to  take 
Quinby  frames,  of  which  it  accomodar- 
ed  eight  to  the  story.  It  is  rather  a  mar- 
ter  of  regret  at  this  time  that  the  hive 
should  not  have  been  photographed  in 
its  usual  position  at  the  window;  but 
ill  order  to  include  as  much  as  we 
thought  necessaiy  at  the  time  upon 
the  photographic  plate,  the  hive  was 
moved  back  from  the  camera.  It  does 
not,  therefore,  give  an  idea  as  to  the 
arrangement  Avhicli  permitted  the  bees 
to  enter  and  escape,  which  was  as  fol- 
lows: 

Placed  with  the  floor-board  on  a 
level  with  the  window  sill,  and  snugly 
against  it,  the  space  between  the  win- 
dow and  the  entrance  was  covered 
with  a  thin  piece  of  board  to  which  had 
been  attached  at  each  end  a  half  inch 
strip.  Thus,  Avhen  the  lower  sash  had 
been  lifted  and  blocked  up  even  with 
the  surface  of  the  thin  board,  it  will 
be  understood  that  a  passage-way  Avas 
provided  from  the  hive  to  the  open  air. 
Openings  .-'t  sides  of  entrance,  below 
sash  were  then  closed  with  strips  of 
wood. 

The  liive  body  was  constructed  by 
simply  substituting  for  the  side-boards 
two  fraiu'.'s  made  of  picture  frame 
moulding?!,  the  rabbets  of  which  had 
been  reduced  by  ripping  to  the  thick- 
ness of  a  double  strength  gla,ss.  These 
were  screwed  to  regular  hive-ends,  and 
the  whole  secured  to  an  ordinary  bot- 
tom, or  floor  board,  around  which  was 
mitered  another  strip  of  gilt  moulding 
to  give  a  finished  appeai-ance  to  the 
job.  The  ends  and  flat  lid  were  then 
finished  and  grained  in  imitation  of 
oak. 

\A'hen  a  second  story  became  neces- 
cary, frames  fitted  also  with  glass  were 
used  for  ends  as  well  as  the  sides  there- 
of. Later  a  large  hole  was  cut 
through  the  flat  lid  and  over  it  was 


placed  an  inverted  glass  globe,  which 
had  formerly  been  used  for  exhibitiag 
confectionery  or  something  of  that 
kind;  and  it  served  to  impart  the  effect 
of  a  crystal  dome  which,  when  tilled 
with  white  comb  honey  was  really  the 
most  beautiful  part  of  the  contrivance, 
which  altogether  was  quite  elaboratfe 
and  attractive.  We  regret  now  that  a 
photopraph  of  the  hive  was  not  taken 
at  this  latter  stage. 

If  nothing  more,  the  possession  of 
this  hive,  containing  a  strong  colony 
of  bees  for  several  years,  proved  the 
fallacy  of  the  popular  belief  that  bees 
are  reluctant  to  store  honey  where  it  is 
light,  for,  when  crowded  for  room,  and 
in  the  glass  dome,  cells,  half  of  which 
the  exposed  glass  really  formed,  were 
readily  used  for  storing  honey  as  were 
any  others.  j 

For  several  years  this  colony  was  ^ 
one  of  the  best  in  the  apiary,  and  it 
wintered  perfectly  in  a  room  which 
was  kept,  by  means  of  natural  gas 
fuel,  at  the  most  comfortable  tempera- 
ture for  the  family. 


our  readers  whi>  have 
uarket,  the  "rabbit"  is 


CUBAN  COMPETITION. 
Someone  asked  W.  L.  Coggshall  whv 
he  located  so  many  bees  in  Cuba. 
Foreseeing  the  condition  Avliich  is  now 
upon  us,  and  destined  to  become  worse. 
yU:  Coggshall  replied:  "I  Avanted  to 
be  on  the  other  side  of  the  fence  when 
the  rabbit  got  out."  According  lo  in- 
formation from 
large  crops  to  m'arl 
out  now.  One  correspondent  recently 
wrote  that  he  produced  this  season 
something  over  200  32-gallon  barrels  ot 
extracted  honey.  But.  like  Dr.  Blan- 
ton.  he  finds  the  market  has  gone  to 
smash;  and  a  trip  to  New  York,  a  dis- 
tance of  ovei'  1,000  miles,  elicited  no 
other  satisfaction  than  hearing  long 
iind  strong  Cuban  honey  talk  on  all 
sides.  Tlie  largest  buyer  in  the  City 
was,  in  fact,  then  in  Cuba  investigating 
the  honey  situation.  It  becomes  dally 
more  evident  that  The  Bee-Keeper  was 
a  prophet  when  it  warned  producers 
of  the  seriousness  of  the  West  Indian 
problem.  Mr.  Morrison's  idea,  and 
that  of  so)ue  of  our  contemporaries 
that  the  American  ])ro(bTcer  h,is  noth- 
ing to  fear  from  this  source,  is  even 
at  this  early  date  becoming  buried  be- 
neath a  burden  of  actual  conditions 
tliat  are  drepressing  in  the  extreme. 
With  Cuba  blocking  the  seaboard  mar- 
k(>ts    and  Mexico    coming  in  on    both 


-  -  . '  ;--^« 


172 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


August, 


sides,  it  is  time  the  American  producer  er,  and  that  is  the  adoption  of  modern 
did  a  little  thinking,  even  though  he  business  methods  and  a  thorough  cam- 
may  "fear"  nothing.  paign  of  education  among  the  masses. 


'-KARO  KORN"  VS.  THE  REAL 
THING. 

Ml".  Morley  Pettit,  one  of  Canada's 
I'ising  apiarists,  recently  wrote:  "I 
wrote  the  S.  S.  Times  Co.  mildly  pro- 
testing against  advertising  Karo  Corn 
syrup  as  better  than  honey.  I  en- 
close ^Ir.  Howard's  reply.,  You  can 
take  the  matter  up  as  you  see  lit." 

Following  is  the  reply  of  the  pub- 
lisher of  the  Sunday  School  Times  to 
Mr.    Pettit's   "protest:" 
Dear  Sir: 

"Your  letter  of  June  27  has  been  re- 
ceived. I  am  not  sure  that  there 
would  be  entire  agreement  among  ex- 
perts as  to  your  suggestion  that  honey 
is  Nature's  purest  and  most  whole- 
some .sweet. 

"Reference  to  Gleamings  in  Bee 
Culture  of  ^lay  15,  June  15  and  Aug. 
1.  190.3  and  to  the  American  Bee-Keep- 
ev  of  March.  June,  July  and  November 
1903  furnish  enough  facts  about  honey 
to  lead  one  to  ask  if  after  all  Karo 
Corn  Syrup  is  not  a  safer  article  of 
food. 

"It  is  our  purpose  to  have  only  re- 
liable advertisements  in  The  Sunday 
School  Times  but  I  do  not  see  any  rea- 
son for  insisting  that  the  advertiser 
should  change  the  Avord  'better'  in 
the  adA'ertisement  to  which  you  refer. 
"Cordially  yours, 

"Philip  B.  Howard." 

Though  'Sir.  Pettit's  ambition  is 
eminently  commendable,  it  is,  obvious- 
ly, useless  to  ask  publishers  to  turn 
down  profitable  advertising  contracts 
upon  the  mere  assertion  of  a  competing 
industry  that  the  wares  of  its  com- 
petitor are  inferior.  Notwithstanding 
the  fact  that  bee-keepers  are  sincere  in 
tlie  belief  that  "honey  is  Natui-e's  pur- 
est and  most  wholesome  sweet."  as 
suggested  by  ^Ir.  Howard,  it  is  not 
improbable  that  experts  might  materi- 
jilly  disgrace  in  regard  to  some  minor 
points  which  a  thoi-ough,  scientific  in- 
vestigation w(nild  involve.  It  seems 
that  everyone  should  know  by  this 
time,  however,  that  glucose  is  not  .a 
wholesome  food,  owing  to  the  acid  con- 
tained and  -svliich.  it  api)ears,  it  is  im- 
possible to  eliminate  during  the  pro- 
cess of  manufacture.  As  seen  from 
our  view-point,  but  one  means  of  i-e- 
lief  presents  itself  to  the  honey  produc- 


ANOTHER   BEE— KEEPERS' 
SOCIETY. 

We  have  received  a  copy  of  the 
constitution  and  by-laws  of  theSouth- 
western  ()hio  and  Hamilton  County 
Bee-Keeper's  Association,  an  organi- 
zation incorporated  under  the  laws  of 
the  State  of  Ohio,  June  14,  1904,  also  a 
report  of  its  regular  meeting,  which 
was  held  .June  17,  from  Mr.  Henry  Red- 
dert,  the  secretary. 

The  ob.lect  of  the  new  organization, 
as  set  forth  in  its  constitution,  is: 
"The  promotion  of  apiculture  in  all  its 
branches." 

Hamilton  county,  we  have  under- 
stood, already  has  a  most  prosperous 
and  promising  association,  with  a  no 
less  worthy  object,  and  we  are  some- 
what puzzled  to  know  why  two  bee- 
keepers societies  should  spring  up  i-u 
the  same  county  within  less  than  two 
years.  The  information  as  to  the 
more  recent  •  organization,  however, 
comes  to  hand  too  late  to  investigate 
for  this  number  of  The  Bee-Kee]ier. 

As  the  membership  was  not  limited 
in  the  original  association,  it  cannot  be 
that  a  new  society  was  necessary  in 
order  to  meet  au  overwhelming  num- 
ber of  applications  for  admission;  and 
the  problem  becomes  more  and  more 
complex. 

Without  inside  information,  as  to 
the  actuating  motives,  we  strongly  in- 
cline to  a  belief  that  a  serious  error 
has  been  committed  somewhere,  as  the 
need  of  a  second  association  in  the 
territory  already  covered  is  not  ap- 
parent. One  stt'ong  association  la 
worth  a  dozen  tottering  concerns,  none 
of  which  can  hope  for  a  membership 
list  sufficiently  strong  to  command 
either  recognition  or   respect. 


"PAT"  STILL  IN  CUBA. 
The  surprise  of  the  season  comes  on 
two  postal  cards  from  Cuba,  dated  July 
10,  and  signed,  "Pat."  By  way  of  in- 
troduction our  long-lost  friend  sa.vs: 
"La  casa  ^^'8  que  tiene  pocos  las  ebejas 
y  ano  1903  estaba  mal,  y  el  punto  tam- 
bien  not  extra  fine."  Continuing  his 
mixture  of  Spanish,  Russian  and  Eng- 
lish Pat  advises,  on  postal  card  No.  2 
that  he  has  taken  in  all  since  he  ar- 
rived in  Cuba  about  90  fifty-gallon  bar- 
rens of  extracted  honey;  2,500  pounds 


I90i 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


173 


of  comb  honey  and  700  pounds  of  wax. 

Pat  says,  "Tengo  ahora  mucho 
trabajo"  (I  have  now  much  work),  in 
preparing  744  colonies  for  another 
move — 35  kilometers  by  stone  road,  12 
by  train  and  one  and  a  half  kilometers 
bj''  dirt  road,  and  concludes:  "I  moved 
bees  here  two  times  already,  and  now 
getting  ready  for  another  move." 

If  ambition  and  hard  work  will  win 
out,  Pat's  success  is  assured.  Seven 
hundred  and  forty-four  colonies  is  an 
encoin-aging  start. 


REGARDING  THE  DEACON. 
In  a  letter  from  Mr.  H.  J.  Gardiner, 
dated  at  Christchurch,  New  Zealand, 
Feb.  22,  and  returned  to  the  writer  on 
account  of  insufficient  address  and  re- 
mailed  in  New  Zealand  to  the  editor  of 
The  Bee-Keeper  June  9,  Mr.  Gardiner 
says: 

'Give  my  love  to  the  Deacon)  I 
like  this  series  of  letters  very  much 
and  they  are  always  welcome." 

By  this  time  Mr.  Gardiner  knows 
something  of  the  difficulties  under 
which  we  are  laboring  to  secure  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  Hardscrabble  letters 
for  our  readers. 

We  have,  we  are  pleased  to  say, 
been  able  to  get  several  incoherent  mis- 
sives, as  well  as  some  unsatisfactory 
photographs;  but  our  medium  advises 
us  that  he  is  now  working  on  new  lines 
and  that  within  a  few  days  he  expects 
to  have  a  very  complete  message  from 
the  Deacon.  We  therefore  believe  we 
ihall  be  able  to  present  next  month  the 
new  illustrated  series  of  Hardscrabble 
letters. 

Though  rather  too  indistinct  for  re- 

roduction   ir.    halftone,    some   of   the 

hotographs   secured   are   quite  intet 

ting,  and  we  shall  have  cuts  made 

'pr  next  issue  of  some  of  these  in  the 

3vent  of  our  inability  to  get  something 

tronger.     Meantime,  our  readers  will 

lease   not  become   neiwous   over   the 

atter,  nor  take  things  too  seriously. 


THE  EDITORIAL  SHEARS. 
In  The    Bee-Keeper    for  July    was 
|)ublished    an    article    of    exceptional 
lerit  from    the  Florida     Farmer    and 
lit  Grower,  entitled,  "Let  the  Hon- 
iy  Get  Ripe."     It  is  so  rarely  that  one 
pnds   such   reliable  matter  pei'taining 
apiculture  in  the  agricultural  press 
lat  we  sought  to  encourage  the  evi- 
dent talent  by  repn'oducing  with  favor- 
)le  comment  the  entire 'editorial."  Our 


attention  has  since  been  called  to  the 
fact  that  the  Florida  Farmer  and  Fi-uit 
Grower  had  absolutely  nothing  to  do 
with  originating  this  matter,  which  it 
published  as  original  stuff.  It  Is  a 
verbatim  reproductiou  of  an  editorial 
which  appeared  several  months  ago  in 
the  American  Bee  Journal,  of  Chicago. 
Whether  the  Florida  Farmer  and  Fi-uit 
Grower  stole  the  article  from  the  Bee 
Journal,  or  not,  we  do  not  know;  but  it 
must  have  been  aware  of  the  fact  that 
it  was  using  reprint  and  not  original 
matter — and  using  it  without  credit.  If 
an  agricultural  periodical  is  too  poor 
to  employ  competent  talent  to  edit  its 
various  departments  it  should  be  hon- 
orable enough  to  give  due  credit  to 
those  upon  whom  it  has  to  depend  for 
its  supply.  "Faking"  matter  in  this  way 
is  one  of  the  most  contemptible  tricks 
of  which  any  office  •  an  be  guilty;  and 
if  the  general  public  is  not  aware  of  its 
thieving  propensities  itt.i  contempor- 
aries are,  and  pity  its  vain  ambition. 


Once  more  the  editor  begs  to  kindly 
and  earnestly  request  his  readers  to 
send  all  remittances  and  letters  per- 
taining to  business  matters  to  the 
Falconer,  N.  Y.  office,  and  not  to 
Florida.  Your  careful  attention  to 
and  compliance  with  this  request  will 
greatly  facilitate  our  work.  Requests 
for  sample  copies  or  reports  of  non- 
receipt  of  The  Bee-Keeper  by  sub- 
scribers may  be  sent  to  the  editorial 
office.  Fort  Pierce,  Fla.  All  ai'ticles 
intended  for  publication  should  also 
be  sent  direct  to  the  editor;  but  all 
else  should  invariably  be  addressed  to 
the  business  office,  as  stated — at  Fal- 
coner, N.  Y. 


Bees. 

A  writer,  from  Portland,  Oregon, 
sends  to  the  Indiana  Farmer  an  ac- 
count of  his  experience  with  bees  in 
that  western   country. 

A  friend,  losing  his  health,  was  ad- 
vised to  change  his  locality.  He  set- 
tled in  the  hill  connti-y  of  our  Oregon 
coast,  and  started  with  a  few  swarms 
of  bees. 

Instead  of  selling  his  honey  at  iirst, 
he  made  it  his  staple  diet,  and  entire- 
ly recovered  his  lost  digestive  powers. 
Gradually  adding  to  his  stock,  togeth- 
er with  the  knowledge  of  manipulat- 
ing it,  he  has  become  the  "bee-master" 
for  the  whole  country  side,  adding 
thus  to  the  good  income  made  from 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


174 

his  bee-prodnce.  At  the  same  time  his 
occupation  never  becomes  stale  and 
flat;  his  interest  in  the  wonderful  lit- 
tle creatures  never  abating,  while  he 
keeps  on  learning  more  about  bees  and 
their  ways.  For  years  I  took  the  same 
pleasure  in  bee-keeping,  and  but  for 
altered  circumstances  and  surround- 
ings, would  do  so  still. 

In  ray  childhood  the  old  country  su- 
perstitions of  Devonshire  amused  me. 
The  bee-master  would  arrive,  making 
a  great  racket  with  pots  and  pans  to 
mesmerize  his  bees.  He  would  not  al- 
low us  to  purchase  any,  (with  money) 
as  being  unlucky.  He  installed  a  new 
swarm  with  incantations,  insisting  on 
one  of  the  family  repeating  the  name 
of  all  the  rest  to  them,  "Or  else,"  he 
explained,  "It's  In  high  dudgeon,  that 
they'll  leave  ye!"  They  were  to  be  in- 
formed too  of  a  wedding  or  a  .death, 
or  "there  never  be  no  luck  about  the 
house!" 

The  colony  looked  very  picturesque 
each  on  its  own  stand  in  straw  "keps," 
and  straw  thatch  over  them  surmount- 
ed with  a  top-knot. 

Some  years  later  Ave  had  Sir  .Tohn 
Lulibock  for  a  neighbor.  He  was  liv- 
ing at  the  time  on  familiar  terms  with 
the  bees,  a  glass  window  from  their 
hive  being  right  in  his  study,  where 
his  scientific  observations  were  made. 
It  was  then  that  our  gardener  always 
kept  a  hive  in  his  forcing  houses  for 
apricots,  nectarines  and  peaches.  "It 
saves  me  a  sight  o'  time  and  trouble!" 
he  would  say.  "for  it's  the  bees  what 
does  ray  fertilization  for  me.  I  don't 
'ave  to  bother  with  Addling  little  camel 
hair  brushes!"  Yet  for  fear  they 
should  not  get  enough  for  their  bee- 
liread,  I  used  to  put  out  peaflour  for 
their  use;  and  it  always  managed  to 
disappear. 

In  the  early  days  of  our  Oregon 
rai'jh,  we  had  an  Englishman  with  us 
wno  had  a  regular  bee  mania.  He  was 
too  scientific  to  be  practical,  and  the 
queens  from  Palentine,  Cyprus,  and 
Italy  ate  up  the  profits  that  we  should 
have  made.  The  bee  experiences 
that  he  poured  into  my  delighted  ears 
from  time  to  time  were  most  enter- 
tainng  as  well  as  startling.  I  studied 
my  "Root"  and  took  the  greatest  inter- 
est in  the  wonderful  little  sprites.  Aft- 
er he  had  left  us,  and  during  the  rent- 
ing of  our  beloved  ranch,  the  foreign 


August, 


treasures  went  off  on  their  aerial  hon- 
ey moon  with  "burnt  wood"  scrubs 
obedient  to  "the  call  of  the  wild!" 
Our  sons  are  now  forever  coming  upon 
wild  bee-trees  in  snug  canyons  or  on 
the  open  hill  side,  of  evident  mixed 
breed. 

One  can  always  get  a  pleasure  out 
of  bees,  realizing  what  others  have 
witnessed,  viz.,  the  order  of  the  little 
community;  the  regulated  activities- 
even  to  the  watchman,  and  the  hot-. 
Aveather  gate  fanner,— the  indefati- 
gable nurses,  the  makers  of  the  se- 
cret "royal  jelly'  for  the  embryo 
queens;  the  carrying  off  dead  bodies 
to  "without  the  camp"  and  many  oth- 
er Avonders! 

And  yet  the  bees  are  said  to  work 
only  four  hours  a  day,  and  live  only 
six"  weeks.  Clever  as  they  are,  a  good 
bee  keeper  knows  hoAV  to  deceive  and 
circumvent  them  Avhen  necessary, 
keeping  them  under  his  scientific  con- 
trol. 

In  proportion  to  time  wisely  spent 
on  them,  more  financial  profit  can,  I 
think,  be  made  on  most  things.  Of 
course  knoAvledge  and  facility  in  hand- 
ling them  is  needed;  the  locality  be- 
ing adapted  to  their  supplies,  and  the 
climate  to  their  constitutions!  With  us, 
they  work  first  on  the  vine  maple, 
theia  on  orchard  and  wild  bloom.  La- 
ter on  the  much  abused  fox  gloA^e 
takes  their  fancy,  and  Avhite  clover 
first  and  last  and  all  the  time.  Buck- 
wheat makes  a  good  special  crop  as 
we  shall  not  be  likely  to  take  them 
punting  up  and  down  stream,  as  did 
the  Sctotch  folk,  in  search  of  pastures 
neAV.  Until  he  has  become  "immune" 
the  bee-keeper  must  have  ammonia 
handy  in  case  of  stings,  for,  as  the 
Chinaman  says,  "'Melican  butterfly, 
him  bad!     Him  prick  heap  hard." 


Editor  R.  L.  Pender,  of  the  Austral- 
asian Bee-Keeper,  West  Maitland,  N. 
S.  W.,  is  now  in  America  and  recently 
paid  our  business  office  a  short  visit. 


Bees   Killed  Horses. 

Mishawaka,  Ind.,  July  19.— A  team 
of  horses  belonging  to  H.  W.  Grant,  a 
rural  mail  carrier,  were  stung  to  death 
yesterday  by  a  swarm  of  bees.  The 
horses,  while  grazing  overturned  a  bee- 
hive. The  honey  gatherers  attacked 
the  horses  and  stung  them  until  they 
both  dropped  dead. 


ONE-HALF  INCH  SPACE  ONE  YEAR  ON  THIS  PAGE,  $3.00. 


HE  A.   I.  ROOT  CO.,  MEDlisA,    OHIO. 
Breeders   of   Italian  bees   and  queens. 


QUEENS  from  Jamaica  any  day  in  the 
year  Untested,  66c.;  tested,  $1.00;  se- 
lect tested,  $1.50.  Our  queens  are  reared  from 
the  very  finest  strains.  Geo.  W.  Phillips,  Sav- 
La-Mar  P  O.,  Jamaica,  W.  I.  (5-5) 


I  AWRENCE  C.  MILLER.  BOX  1113,  PROVI- 
*--  DEXCE.  R.  I.,  is  filling  orders  for  the  popu- 
lar, hardy,  honey-getting  Providence  strain  of 
Queens.     Write  for  free  information. 


p-  H.  W.  WEBER,   CINCINNATI,  OHIO 

P^'        (Cor.      Central     and     Freeman     Aves. ) 
Golden     yellow.    Red     Clover     and     Carniolan 
queens,    bred  from  select   mothers  in   separate 
t  apiaries. 


lOHN  M.  DAVIS,  SPRING  HILL,  TENN.. 
^  sends  out  the  choicest  3-banded  and  gold 
en  Italian  queens  that  skill  and  experience 
can  produce.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  No 
disease. 


KUIRIN,  the  Queen  Breeder,  has  an  ex- 
ceptionally hardy  strain  of  Italian  bees; 
;h^  wintered  on  their  summer  stands  within 
I  few  miles  of  bleak  Lake  Erie.  Send  for 
Free   Circular.      Bellevue,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


C  WARTHMORE  APIARIES,  SWARTH- 
'--'  MORE,  PA.  Our  bees  and  queens  are 
the  brightest  Italians  procurable.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed.  Correspondence  in  English, 
French,  German  and  Spanish.  Shipments  to 
all  parts  of  the  world. 


QUEEN  BEES  are  now  ready  to  mail. 
Golden  Italians,  Red  Clover  three-banded 
queens  and  Camiolans.  We  guarantee  safe 
arrivaL  The  Fred  W.  Muth  Co.,  51  Walnut 
St.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


w. 


Z.   HUTCHINSON,   FLINT,  :\[iCH. 
Superior     stock     queens,     $1.50     each; 
queen  and   Bee-Keepers'   Review   one  year  for 
only  $2.00. 


M 


OORE'S  LONG-TONGUED  STRAIN 
of  Italians  become  more  and  more  popu- 
lar each  year.  Those  who  have  tested  them 
know  why.  Descriptive  circular  free  to  all. 
Write  J.  P.  Moore,  L.  Box  1,  Morgan,  Ky.     4 


pUNIC    BEES.      All    other  races    are    dis- 

^    carded  after  trial  of  these  wonderful  bees. 

Particulars    post    free.      John  Hewitt    &    Co., 
ShefBeld,   England.  4 


HONEY  DEALERS^  DIRECTORY  | 


^"Qnder  this  heading  will  be  inserted,  for  reliable  dealers,  two  lines  one 
year  for  $1.25.  Additional  w^ords,  12c  a  word.  No  announcement  can 
be  accepted  for  less  than  one  year  at  these  rates...^gg| 


OHIO. 

COLORADO. 

C    H.    W.    WEBER,    Freeman    and    Central 
Aves.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio.      If    for   sale,    mail 
sample,   and   state   price   expected    delivered 
in   Cincinnati.     If  in   want,   write  lor  prices, 
and    state    quality   and    quantity    wanted. 

(5-5) 

THE  COLORADO  HONEY  PRODUCERS' 
ASS'N,  1440  Market  St.,  Denver,  Colo.      5-5 

We   are    always    in    the    market    for   extracted 
honey,  as  we  sell  unlimited  quantities.  Send 
us   a   sample   and   your    best   price  delivered 
here.      THE    FRED    W.    MUTH    CO.,    51 
Walnut   St.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio.               (5-5) 

ILLINOIS. 

R.  A.  BURNETT  &  CO.,  199  South  Water 
Street,    Chicago.                                          (5-5) 

HONEY  AND  BEESWAX 

MARKET. 

Hamburg,  Germany,  June  15— The  tendency  of 
the  honey  market  is  still  downward,  contrary  to 
expectation.  The  reports  from  Cuba  and  Califor- 
nia hardlv  justify  it.  California  whit«,  7.63  per 
50  kllogra'm  ;  light  amber,  6.80.  For  baking,  yel- 
low Cuba  honey  is  preferred.  For  table  use,  the 
fancy  white  has  the  preference.  Cuba  yellow, 
3.71  per  100  lbs.;  fancy  white,  in  squre  tin  cans, 
4.77  per  case.  Demand  not  till  fall  and  prices  will 
vary  or  change,  accordmg  to  supply  and  demand. 

L.  Gabain. 

Kansas  City,  Mo.,  July  8 — We  have  received  a 
few  shipments  of  new  comb  honey  from  the  West 
and  find  the  demand  equal  to  the  supply.  We 
quote:  Fancv  white,  24  section  cases,  $2.85  to  83.00, 
No.  1  white,  24  section  cases,  $2.75.  There  is 
scarcely  any  demand  for  extracted  at  present; 
market  5 1-2  to  6  cents  for  white  stock.  Beeswax 
per  lb.  30  cents.  C.  C.  demons  A  Co, 

Chicago,  July  7 — There  is  a  plentiful  supply  of 
honey  of  all  kinds  on  the  market,  with  no  sales 
being  made;  prices  therefore  cannot  be  more  than 
on  an  asking  basis.  Very  little,  if  any,  choice  to 
fancy  comb,  but  a  large  amount  of  what  would 
average  Xo.  1  is  ofTered  at  lOo  to  12c.  no  sale  for 
off  grades  or  damaged  lots.  Extracted  White,  6 
to  7c,  ambers,  5  to  fie.  Beeswax,  2Sc  to  30c. 
R.  A.  Burnett  &  Co., 

199  South  Water  Street. 


Cincinnati,  Ohio,  June  15. — The  demand  for 
honey  is  slow  for  this  season  of  the  year, 
which  is  due  to  the  vast  quantities  that  were 
held  over  from  last  season,  and  the  importa- 
tion of  Cuban  honey.  We  quote  amber,  in 
barrels  and  cans,  at  5J4  to  6J^  cents.  White 
clover,  6V^  to  8  cents.  Beeswax,  30  cents. 
The  Fred  W.    Muth   Co., 

No.  51  Walnut  Street. 


Dublin,      Ireland,     June     8.— Old     crop     all 
cleared  up.     No  new  stock  offering  yet. 

O.    &   R.   Fry. 


Cent'a=Word  Column. 


'INCREASE"  is  the  title  of  a  little  book- 
let by  Swarthmore;  tells  how  to  make  up 
winter  losses  without  much  labor  and  with- 
out breaking  up  full  colonies;  entirely  new 
plan.  25  cents.  Prospectus  free.  Aa- 
dress    E.    L.    Pratt,    Swarthmore,    Pa.       7  tf 


Boston,  July  S— Our  market  on  honey,  both 
comb  and  extracted,  is  practically  in  a  slumber- 
ing condition  as  there  is  really  no  call  whatever. 
Prices  remain  as  before  quoted,  but  are  re»lly  on- 
ly nominal.  Blake,  Scott  it  Lee. 


Denver,  Colo.,  June  11. — The  supply  of  ex- 
tracted honey  is  plentiful,  with  slow  demana. 
We  quote  today  as  follows:  No.  1  white,  per 
case  of  24  sections,  $2.75.  Extracted,  in  a 
local  way,  7  to  V/i  cents.  Beeswax,  22  to  28 
cents.  Arrival  of  small  fruits  has  depressing 
effect  on  honey  market.  We  are  cleared  up 
on   comb   honey. 

Colorado  Honey  Producers'   Assn., 

1440    Market    Street. 

Matanzas,  Cuba,  May  26.— Old  crop  is  about 

all  sold.     Last  sales  were  at  26  cents  a  gallon; 

one   cent  additional   for  each   gallon   in   casks. 

Beeswax  is  quoted  at  $31.25,  Spanish  gold,  per 

w  t.  luan  Landeta. 


FOR  SALE— A  Hawkeye,  Jr.,  Camera  com- 
plete. Uses  both  film  and  plates.  Cost  $3.00, 
will  sell  with  leather  case  for  $i.50  cash. 
Address  Empire  Washer  Co.,  Falconer,  N. 
Y. 


A  TANDEM  BICYCLE  (for  man  and  lady) 
cost  J150,  in  first-class  condition,  was  built  to 
order  for  the  owner.  Tires  new.  Will  sell 
for  ?25  cash.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Ad- 
dress J.  Clayborne  Merrill,  130  Lakeview, 
ave.,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


AGENTS   WANTED  to  sell  advertising  nov- 
ties,    good    commission    allowed.      Send    for 
catalogue    and    terms.      American    Manufac-' 
turing  Concern,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


WANTED— To  exchange  six-month's  trial 
subscription  to  The  American  Bee-Keeper 
for  20  cents  in  postage  stamps.  Address, 
Bee-Keeper,   Falconer,  N.  Y. 


When  writing  to  advertisers  mentioi 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


The  Pacific  States  Bee  Journal 

AND   THE 

Rocky  Mountain  Bee  Journal 

Have  been  cousolidated,  and 
will  hereafter  be  published  as 
one  journal  under  the  name, 

WESTERN   BEE   JOURNAL 

The  new  publication  will  be 
larger  and  better  than  either  of 
its  predecessors,  and  its  pub- 
lisher will  make  every  effort  to 
make  it  the  best  bee  journal 
published  anywhere.  It  is  pub- 
lished in  the  west,  where  the 
largest  apiaries  in  the  world  are 
located,  and  is  therefore  most  in 
touch  with  what  is  best  and 
most  practical  in  beedom. 

Write  for  free  Sample  copy. 

Subscription  $1.00  per  annum. 

P.  F.  ADELSBACH, 
Editor  and  Publisher, 
HANFORD,  CALIFORNIA 


Subscription  Agencies. 

Subscriptions    for     the    Ameri- 


•I 

2  can  Bee-Keeper  may  be  entered    © 

3  through  any  of  the  following  C 
J  ag'ents,  when  more  convenient  © 
I   than  remitting  to  our  offices  at    §! 


^ 


J  Fort   Pierce,    Florida,  or  James-  g 

I  town,  N.  Y.:  © 

i  J.    E.    Jonhson      Williamsfield,  © 

I  •^*-  c 

a  The  Fred  W.  Muth  Company,  © 

I  51  Walnut  St.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  © 

^  John  W.   Pbarr.   Berclair,  Tex.  f! 


National  Bee=Keepers'  Association, 

The  largest  bee-keepers'  society  in  the 
world . 

Organized  to  protect  and  promote  the 
interests  of  its  members. 

Membership  Fee,  $1.00  a  Year. 

N.E.FRANCE,  Platteville,  Wis., 

General  Manager  and  Treasurer. 


5  Miss    S.    Swan,    Port    Burwell,    © 

^  Ontario. 

3  G.     A.     Nunez,     Stann     Creek, 

J  British  Honduras. 

^  Walter  T.   Mills,  Burnham,   N. 

^  Rochester,  Kent  Co.,  Ivan  House, 

3  England. 

I  G.  J.  S.  Small,  Marton,  Wang-    © 

J  anul,  New  Zealand.                           S 

J  H.  H.  Robinson,  Independencla    C 

J  16,  Matanzas,   Cuba 


t 


% 


Colorado     Honey     Producers'  © 


I     Association,     1440     Market     St.,   © 
a     Denver,  Colo.  ^ 


A  Boon 
For 


PoDltrfKeepBrs 


How  we  make  our  hens  pay  400 
per  cent,  proflt.  new  system,  our 
own  method,  fully  explained  in 
i  om-  Illu.<4trated  Poultry  Book,  which  contains 
I  PouUry  Keepers'  Aoc't  and  Esg  Record  showing 
gains  or  losses  every  month  for  oneyear.  Worth  25 
I  cts,  sent  to  you  for  lt)c.  If  you  will  send  names  of  5 
I  noultrv  keepers  with  your  order;  Address, 
e.  8.  VIBBERT.  P.B.  56.  Cliutonville.  Conn 


CASH  FOR  YOl 

The  American  Bee-Keeper  is  in  the  market  to  buy  arti- 
cles on  bee-keeping  subjects.  Articles  with  photographs 
to  illustrate  are  especially  desired.  We  will  pay  well  for 
good  work.  We  want  reporters  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 
Give  us  an  opportunity  to  bid  on  your  pen  productions 
and  the  results  of  your  photographic  skill.     Address, 

THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER, 

Fort  Pierce,  Fla. 


r^Special  Notice  to  Bee=keepcrs! 

I    BOSTON 

I  Money  in  Bees  for  You. 

8  Catalog  Price  on 

ROOT^S  SUPPLIES 

Catalog  for  the  Asking. 


a/a/^ 


F.  H.  Farmer,  182  Friend  St., 
Boston,  Mass. 

LUp  First  Flight 


■::rJ_rE'rrP^r='rSI^-r^J 


^l-3J=?-'SJS]-^'^-f^ 


ICAVEATS,  TRADE  MARKS, 

i        COPYRIGHTS  AND  DESIGNS. 

>  Send  your  business  direct  to  WashinRton,  i 
'      saves  time,  costs  less,  better  service. 

>  My  office  close  to  U.  S.  Patent  Office.     FREE  preUmin- 

>  ary  Examinations  made.    Atty^a  fee  not  dne  until  patent 

>  is  secured.    PERSONAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN-19  YEARS 
»  ACTUAL  EXPERIENCE.  Book  "How  to  obtain  Patents," 

iSrrs^ciarn^s^i^c^-'^wtt.^^rtt^^ 
JNVENTIVE    ACE; 

JmuBtrated  monthly-Eleventh  year-terms.  $1.  a  year.; 

,  918  FSt..  N.  W.,| 

J, WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


Put 

Your 

Trust 


In 

Providence! 

Queens, 


Introduce  new  blood  now  tor  next  season's  j 
service. 

TiROVlDENCE  fiUEENS 
1  rove  Their     IJlJALlTiES 

To  be  of  the  Highest. 
LAWRENCE   C.  MILLER, 

p.  O.Box  1113.  Providence,  R.  I. 


Klf,   EINGHAI 
5     has    made   all    tho   im- 
provements in 

k  Bee  Smokers  a^iid 

€  Honey  Knives 

made  in  ilie    last  20   years,  undou'Dt-.lly 
he  makes  the  best  on  earth. 

Smoke  Engine,    4  inch  stove,   none  too   Jury-     s"nt 

postpaid,  per  mail * '  ^^'J* 

aHi  inch l.'.O 

Knife,  SO  cents.  3  inch l-'iO 

2^  inch M'J- 

r.  F.  Bingham,  j^l-^^-,-2,,;  i» 

Farwell,  Wlich. 


20pBrctnt  P  ofit 

Pineapples,  Oranges,  Grape  Fruit 

Make    a    Specialty    for    Non-Resident    Owners 
and  Intending  Settlers  in  the 

Lovely   Lake  Region  of  South   Florida. 

20    er   cent,    aniiual   return   on   investment. 

Pure  air,  pure  water,  no  mosquitoes.  High 
pine  and  oak  land,  bordered  by  fresh  water 
lakes,  suited  to  all  citrus  fruits  and  pineapples. 
Good  title.  Time  payments.  Address  for  de- 
scriptive matter,  W.  E.  Pabor,  Manager  Pa- 
bor   Lake   Pineries,    Avon    Park,    Fla.  tf 


Pate-t  Wired  Comb  Foundation 

has  no  sag  in  brood  frames. 

TMn  Flat  Bottom  Fou  idattoi 

has  no  Fish-bone  in   Surplus  Honey. 

Being  fhe  cleanest  is  usually  worked  the 
quickest  of  any  foundation  made.  The  talk 
about  wiring  frames  seems  absurd.  We  furnish 
a  Wired  Foundation  that  is  Better,  Cheaper 
and  not  half  the  trouble  to  use  that  it  is  to 
wire    brood    frames. 

Circulars    and    sample    free. 

J.    VAN  DEUSEN    <£  SONS, 

Sole    Manufacturers 

Montgomery  Co.,  Sprout  Brook,  N.  Y. 


I.  J.  STRINQHAM,  105  Park  PL,  N.  Y.  City 

Keeps  a  full  stock  of  hives,  sections,  and  smokers— in  fact 

everything  a  bee-keeper  uses. 

Colonies  of  Italian  Bees,  in  shipping  boxes,  $5.75 

3  fr.  nuc.  col,              -             -             -             "  ^'j^ 

Unt.  Italian  Qtjeens,              -            -            -  '^ 

Tested  Italian  Queens,           -            -            -  **^" 

Apiaries.     Glen  Cove,  L.  I.  Catalog  free. 


THE  ONLY  GERMAN   AGRICULTIRAL  MONTH- 
LY IN  THE  INITED  STATES  Ji^^^^^^^ 

FARM  UND  HAUS 

The  most  carefully  edited  German 
Agricultural  journal.  It  is  brimful  of 
practical  information  and  useful  hints 
for  the  up-to-date  farmer;  devoted  to 
stock  raising,  general  farming,  garden- 
ing, poultry,  bee-keeping,  etc.,  and  con- 
tains a  department  for  the  household, 
which  many  find  valuable.  Another  de- 
partment giving  valuable  receipts  and 
remedies  called  "Hasarzt,"  in  fact  every 
number  contains  articles  of  real  prac- 
tical use. 

Price  only  35  CENTS  per  year.  Sam- 
ple copy  free. 

Send  subscriptions  to, 

FARM    UND    HAUS 

&      tf.  BLUFFTON,  OHIO. 


Attica  Lithia  Springs  Hotel 

Lithia-SulpDur  Water  aud  Mud  Baths 
Xaturp's  Own  Great  Cure  for 

...RHEUMATISM.... 

and  Kindred  Diseases,  such  as  Liver 
and  Kidney  Complaints,  SItin  and 
BI«od  Biseases,  Constipation,  Nervous 
Prostration,  etc. 

A  new  and  up-to-date  hotel.  Large,  airy, 
lin;ht  and  finely  furnished  rooms,  with  Steam 
Heat,  KlectricLi-hts,  Hot  and  Cold  Water 
on  en  eh  floor.  Rates  inoludins  Room,  Board, 
Mud  Baths,  Lithia-Sulphur  Wiiter  Baths  and 
Medical  Atte<]dnnc>e  (no  extras)  $3.50  and 
J3.00  a  dav,  acoordinsj  to  room. 

WRITE  FOR  BOOKLET. 

Address  Box  3, 


tf 


Lithia  Springs  Hotel,  Attica,  Ind. 


Are  You  Looking  for  a  Home? 

No  farmer  should  think  of  buying  land 
before  seeing  a  copy  of  THE  FARM  AND 
REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAL.  It  contains 
the  largest  list  of  lands  for  sale  of  any 
paper  published  in  Iowa.  Reaches  30,000 
readers  each  issue,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
advertising  mediums  to  reach  the  farmers 
and  the  Home-Seekers  that  you  can  ad- 
vertise in.  For  7oc.  we  will  mail  yoni  the 
Journal  for  1  year,  or  for  ten  cents  in 
silver  or  stamps  we  will  send  you  the 
Journal  2  months  on  trial.    Address, 

Farm  and  Real  Estate  Journal, 

TRAER,  TAMA  CO.,   IOWA, 

10-tf. 


Strawberries. 

Young-,  healthy,  fresh,  vigor- 
ous stock  in  prime  conditioi?  for 
spring  planting. 

All 

Leading 

Varieties 

Write  for  prices  and  terms. 

MONROE    STRAWBERRY    CO., 

Box  66  MONROE,  MICH. 


EXTRACTED    HONEY. 

Mail    Sample,    state    lowest    price    expected    delivered    Cincinnati. 
I  pay  prompt  on  receipt  of   goods. 


iOLDEN     ITALIANS 

Untested.  i,  75c. 


RED     CLOVER 

6,  $4.00. 


CARNIOLANS 

12,  $7.50. 


C.  H.  W.  WEBER, 


Ice  and  Salesrooms  2146-48  Central  Ave. 
Farehouses— Freeman  and  Central  Aves. 


CiNCINNATI,  OHIO. 


La  Compania 
Manufacturera  Americana 

ofrece  los  mas  reducidos  precios  en  to- 
da  clasc  dc  articulos  para  Apicultorcs. 
Nucstra  Fabrica  es  una  de  las  mas 
grandes  y  mas  antiguas  dc  America. 
Especialidad  en  Colmenas,  Ahumadores 
para  Colmenas,  Extractores,  etc.  In- 
ventores  y  perfeccionadores  de  muchos 
articulos  de  suma  utilidad  en  la  Apicul- 
tura.  Enviamos  gratis  nuestro  catalogo 
y  precios  a  quienes  lo  solicitcn.  Dinja- 

°^*  *THE  AMERICAN  MFG.  CO., 

Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  E.  U.  A. 


Chance 

Of  a  Life  Time. 


100 


Wanted  to  raise 
Belgians 


The  only  strictly  agricultural 
paper  published  in  this  State.  The 
only  agricultural  paper  published 
every  week.  It  goes  to  every  post 
office  in  State  of  Tennessee  and  to 
many  offices  in  Kentucky,  Alabama, 
Georgia,  Mississippi,  Arkansas, 
Texas,  Florida  and  Louisiana.  It 
is  the  official  organ  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Department  of  Tennessee  and 
Live  Stock  Commission.  Subscrip- 
tion $1  per  year  in  advance. 

Tennessee  Farmer  Pub.  Co^ 
^  Nashville,  Tenn. 


Send  for  particulars  and    sample   copy 
of  the  only 

Belgian  Hare  Journal 

Published  in  America. 

Judge  R.  J.  FINLEY, 

227  Lamb  St  ,  MACON,  Mo. 


BEGINNERS. 

shoM.Jbaveacopy  of 

The  Amateur  Bee-keeper, 

a  70  pa-e  book,  by  Prof.  J.  W.  Rouse;  written  er 
pcclallyfor  amateurs.  Second  edition  just  on 
First  edition  of  1,000  sold  in  less  than  two  year* 
Editor  York  says:  "It  i«  the  finest  little  book  pub- 
lished at  the  present  time."  Price  24  cenU;  by 
mail  2s  cents.     The  little  book  and 

The  Progressive  Bee-keeper, 

Ca  liTC,  progressive,  28  page  monthly  journal.)  on* 
year  for  6bc.  Apply  to  any  first-class  dealer,  or 
address 

LEAHY   MFG-    CO.,  HigginsrUle,  m.. 


To  Subscribers  of 
THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 

And  Others! 

Until  Further  Notice 

We  Will  Send  The 

Country 
Journal 

to  any  address  in  the  U.  S.  A.  one 
year  for  10  cents,  providing  you 
mention  American  Bee-Keeper. 

The  Country  Journal  treats  on 
Farm,  Orchard  and  Garden,  Poul- 
try and  Fashion.  It's  the  best  pa- 
per printed  for  the  price. 

Address 

The  Country  Journal, 

Allentown,  Pa. 


W.  M.  Gerrish.  R.  F.  D.,  Epping,  N.  H. 
keeps  a  complete  supply  °^  °?'^Z  -Jtr 
Eastern  customers  will  save  freight  by  order 

ing  of  him. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  Co. 


AGENTS  Wanted  "washing  Machines. 

You  can  double  your  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

and  they  sell  easily.     We  have  sold  over   150,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years.      They 
are  cheaper  than  ever.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co. ,    Jamestown,  N.Y. 


The  Iowa 

Horticultural 

Paper. 

Monthly, 
50  cents 
per  year. 

It  is  unique, 
planned  on 
original  lines. 

You  cannot 
be  up-to-date 
u  fruit  growing  unless  you  read  it. 

Balance  of   this   year  free  to  new 
;ubscribers. 

THE  FRUITMAN, 

Mt.  Vernon,   Iowa. 


WTENTS 


promptly    obtained   OR   NO   FEE.       Trade-Marks, 

Cavnats.      Copyrights     and      Labels      registered. 

TWENTY  YEARS'  PRACTICE.  Highest  references. 

I  Send    model,     sketch    or   photo,    for   free    report  j 

Ion     patentability.      All      business      confidential. 

HAND-BOOK  FREE.     Explains  everything.     Tells 

How  to  Obtain  and  Sell  Patents,  What  Inventions 

Will   Pay,  How  to  Get  a  Partner,  explains   best 

I  mechanical  movements,   and    contains  300  other 

I  subjects  of  importance  to  inventors.        Address, 

H.  B.  WILLSON  &  CO.  ■'""' 


790  F  Street  North, 


Attorneys 
WASHINGTON,  D.C.i 


BARNES' 

Foot  Power  MachiDery, 

This  cut  represents  our 
Combined  Machine,  which 
is  the  best  machine  made 
for  use  in  the  construction 
of  Hives,  Sections,  Boxes, 
etc.  Sent  on  trial.  Send  for 
Catalogue  and  Price  List. 
W.  F.  &  J.  BARNES  CO., 
913  Ruby  St.,   Rockford.111. 


50    YEARS' 
EXPERIENCE 


Trade  Mahks 

Designs 

Copyrights  &c. 

Anyone  sending  a  sketch  and  description  may 
quickly  ascertain  our  opinion  free  whether  an 
invention  is  probably  patentable.  Communica- 
tions strictly  confidential.  Handbook  on  Patents 
sent  tree.  Oldest  agency  for  securing  patents. 

Patents  taken  througb  Munn  &  Co.  receive 
special  notice,  without  charge,  in  the 

Scientific  American. 

A  handsomely  illustrated  weekly.  Largest  cir- 
culation of  any  scientific  journal.  Terms,  $3  a 
year  ;  four  months,  $1.    Sold  by  all  newsdealers. 

IVIUNN4Co.36'Broadway.NewYork 

Branch  Office.  625  F  St.,  Washington,  B.  C. 


ATHENS,  GA, 


Subscription,  . .   . .  50  Cents  a  Year. 


Published  the  First  of  Every  Month 

and    Circulates    in    Every 

Southern    State. 


ADVERTISING   RATES   ON   APPLI- 
CATION. 


HOME  SEEKERS 

AND  INVESTORS,  who  are  interest 
ed  in  tlie  Soutliern  section  of  the 
Union,  should  subscribe  for  THE 
DIXIE  HOIMESEEKER,  a  handsomt 
illustrated  magazine,  describing:  the 
industrial  development  of  the  South, 
and  its  many  advantages  to  homeseek- 
ers  and  investors.  Sent  one  year  on 
trial  for  1.5c.     Address, 

THR  DIXIE    HOMESEEKER, 
West  Appomattox,  Va        tf 


Honey 


PRODUCTION 

AND 

SELLING. 


These  are  the  two  main  problems  of  the  bee-keeper,  and  each  is  as  im- 
portant as  the  other.  Many  can  produce  fine  lioney,but  fail  to  get  the  best 
prices.  Your  crop  in  attractive  packages  is  half  sold.  The  first  honey  in 
tile  market  sells  thje  best;   so  don't  put  off  ordering  supplies. 

No-drip    Shipping   Cases. 

Do  not  put  your  section  honey  in 
poorly  made  section  cases.  It  avIU 
l)ring  less  if  you  do.  We  make  our 
ca,ses  of  white-  bass-wood,  and  they 
are  constructed  so  they  will  not  leak, 
Neither  do  the  sections  get  stuck  ui 
with  honey.'  Made  for  all  kinds  o1 
sections,  and  in  all  sizes.  Also  glass^ 
for  fronts.  For  retailing  honey  then 
is  notliing  neater  than  the  Danzj 
Carton.  A,sk  for  our  catalogue  givinj 
complete,  prices  and  descriptions. 


Hersiiiser   Jars. 

The  ifinest  of  all  glass  pack- 
ages for  extracted  honey.  Made 
of  clear  glass  with  aluminum 
caps,  which  iseal  them  tight.  We 
sell  other  styles  of  glass  pack- 
ages. Don't  fail  to  study  the 
candied  honey  question.  Thwo 
is  a  great  fiiture  for  this.  We 
sell  the  famous  Aiken  Honey 
BaK  for  retiiiling  caiidied  honey. 
See  our  general  catalogue  for 
further   descrii)tion    and    prices. 


Five-Gallon    Tin    Cans. 

The  favorite  package  for  shippii 
extracited  hoht^y.  No  leaking, 
tainted  honey.  The  cans  being  .scpiar 
oconoihize  spa(ce,  and  are  easily  boxe 
Also  smaller  sizes.  Cans  furnislu 
witli  difliM-ent  widths  of  screw  ca) 
or  honey  gates.  Don't  fail  to  get  o\ 
It,rices  before  ordering.  Uememl) 
that  freight  charges  ,sho)ild  b«>  oo 
sidered  with  tlie  i)rices.  We  can  sh 
from  our  branch  houses. 


f 


Complete   Description    and    Trices   in  General  Catalogue. 

THE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO. 

Factory  and  Executive  Office  -  =  MEDINA,  0H| 

RRANCITES—Chicago,   111.,   144  East  Erie  St.;  Philadelphia.  I'a.,  10  Vine  St. 
New  York  (3ity,  N.  Y.,  44  Vesey  .St.;  Syracuse.  N.  V.;   M(H-lianic  Falls.Mr 
St.  Paul,   Minn.,   1<>24  Miss.  St.;   San  Antonio,    Texas;    Washington,    D.   ( 
1100   Md.   Av.;  Havana,  Cuba,   17  San   Ignacio;      Kingston,   .Jamaica,   % 
Harbour  St. 


f 


Homes  in 

Old  Virginia. 

It  is  gradually  brought  to  light 
that  the  Civil  war  has  made  great 
changes,  freed  the  slaves,  md  in 
consequence  has  made  the  large 
land  owners  poor  and  finally  freed 
the  land  from  the  original  owners 
who  would  not  sell  until  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  There  are  some 
of  the  finest  lands  in  the  market  at 
very  low  prices,  lands  that  produce 
all  kinds  of  crops,  grasses,  fruits, 
and  berries;  fine  for  stock.  You 
find  green  truck  patches,  such  as 
cabbage,  turnips,  lettuce,  kale, 
spinach,  etc.,  growing  all  the  win- 
ter. The  climate  is  the  best  all  the 
year  around  to  be  found,  not  too 
cold  nor  too  warm.  Good  water. 
Healthy.  Railroads  running  in 
every  direction.  If  you  desire  to 
icnow  all  about  Virginia  send  10c. 
for   three    months    subscription    oT 

the   VIRGINIA   FARMER  to 

Farmer  Co.,  Emporia,  Va. 


There  is  no  trade  or  profession  better  catered  to 
t>y  good  journals  than  that  of  the  farmer.  Unin- 
telligent  unprogressiveness  has  now  no  excuse. 


IS  a 
luxucj' 


A  BATH 

wher        UMPIRE 
taken  in  an   ^        Portable 

Folding  BATH  TUB. 

Used  in  any  room. 
AOKNTS    Wanted. 
Catalogue  Free. 
-  THt   EMPIRE 
^WASHER  CO., 
Jamestown, N.r. 


$25,000.00  CASH 

in.  500  prizes.  First  prize,  $10,000.00.  T( 
those  making  nearest  correct  puesses  of  thi 
total  popular  rote  to  be  cast  November  Sth 
1904,    for    President   of   the    United    States. 

There  are  eight  special  prizes  of  $500.00  eacl' 
for  early  estimates. 
This  may  be  fortune's  knock  at  your  dooi 
It  costs  nothing  to  enter  the  contest  am 
only  a  postage  stamp  for  particulars.  Addres 
Hostcrman  Publishing  Co.,  Box  16,  Spring 
field,    Ohio. 


THE   DIXIE   HOME  MAGAZINI 

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THE  NEBRASKA  FARM  JOURNAL 

I  A  monthly  jouriiul  devoted  to  agri- 
!  cultural  interests.  Largest  circulation 
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I  J.   W.    EARLEY,   Editor, 

Itf  1123  N  St..  Lincoln.  Neb. 


American 


BEE 


Journal 


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j9S"  All  about  Bees  and  their 
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AMERICAN  BEE=KEEPER,  Jamestown,  N.Y. 


Vol.  XIV 


SEPTEMBER,  1904. 


No.  9 


m^ 

"COUNTRIFIED." 

mn 

By  James  Buckham. 

7TS  0  they  call  you  "countrified?" 
-Si/      Let  it  be  your  joy  and  pride. 

^^' 

'^# 

You,  who  love  the  birds  and  bees, 

^^ 

And  the  whispers  of  the  trees! 
Trust  me.  friends  of  flowers  aud  gv.'ass 
Little  brown-faced  lad  or  lass, 
Naught  in  all  the  world  beside 

mri 

^i^^ 

Equals  being  "countrified." 

\0 

^% 

Up,  of  mornings,  when  the  light 
Reddens  on  the  mountain  height; 
Hearing  how   the  bird-throats  swell 
With  the  joy  they  cannot  tell; 

^^ 

Conscious  that  the  morning  sings. 

mi 

Like  a  harp  with  unseen  strings. 

Over  which  the  breezes  glide — 

This  is  being  "countrified." 

Roaming  fat-,  on  svunnier  days. 

*^vki^' 

Or  when  autumn  woodlands  blaze; 

mi 

mi 

I>'earning  how  to  catch  and  tell 
Nature's  precious  secret  well; 

Filled  with  sunshine,  heart  and  face. 

Or.  wher«>  branches  interlace. 

Dappled  like  the  shv  trout's  side — 

%>^ 

This  is  being  "countrified." 

'^>.\!^ 

^"fs 

What  though  little  fit  to  pose 
In  the  city's  ways  and  clothes? 
There  is  vastly  more  to  love 

m^ 

^^ 

In  the  brawn  of  nature's  glove, 

Health  and  happiness  and  tan 

%v^ 

^^^ 

Are  best  fashions  for  a  man. 
All  who  near  to  God  abide 
Are  in  some  way  "countrified." 

mi 

176 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


September, 


MIGRATORY  BEE-KEEPING  IN   FLORIDA. 


BY  O.  O.  POPPLBTON. 


THERE  has  always  been  a  pecu- 
liar fascination  in  the  subject 
of  migratory  bee-keeping,  espe- 
cially when  practiced  on  our  river 
highways  by  the  use  of  boats. 

I  suppose  that  real  migi-atory  bee- 
keeping on  the  water  means  the  keep- 
ing  of    bees    on    large  flats,    scows  or 


work  cannot  be  of  much  value  to  the 
fraternity,  it  may  possibly  interest 
some. 

Black  mangrove  is  a  semi-tropical 
tree  oceum-ing  in  salt  marshes,  in  close 
proximity  to  the  ocean  itself.  There 
are  three  localities  in  East  Florida 
where  it  grows  in  sufficient  quantity  to 


POI'I'Liri'dN'S    KLKKT   A'!'   THK    I.ANDIN'ii 


boats  which  are  frequently  moved  from 
one  locality  to  another  so  as  to  take 
advantage  of  different  honey  flows 
as  they  occur  in  different  but  not  too 
distant  localities.  The  only  instance 
I  know  of  this  having  been  tried  on  a 
large  scale  in  this  country  was  a  cost- 
ly failure.  I  douljt  whether  conditions 
in  this  country  will  ever  allow  of  its 
being  done  successfull.v. 

Th(tt-e  are  localities,  however,  where 
a  modified  form  of  migratory  bee-keep- 
ing can  he  practiced,  and  I  happen  to 
be  lucky  or  unlucky,  enough  to  be  so 
located  that  I  have  to  practice  it  to  at- 
tain even  medium  success  in  my  work. 
While  a  brief  description  of  some  of 
the  conditions.etc,  connected  with  this 


be  of  value  to  bee-keepers.  One  is  near 
New  Smyrna  and  Hawks  Park,  in  Vo- 
lusia county,  another  is  some  50  to  100 
miles  southward  in  the  Indian  River 
Narrows,  in  Brevard  county,  and  the 
other  is  on  the  kej's  south  of  Miami  in 
Dade  and  Monroe  counties. 

Along  almost  the  entire  east  coast 
of  Florida  extend  estuaries  or  salt- 
water lagoons,  and  the  mangrove  la 
mostly  found  on  marshy  islands  in 
these  waters.  In  many  cases,  espe- 
cially at  the  New  Smyrna  field,  the  wa- 
ter is  narrow  enough  between  the  is- 
lands and  the  mainland  so  that  bees 
on  the  mainland  have  ready  access  to 
them;. but  in  much  of  the  other  loca- 
tions, the  water  is  so  wide  that  bees 


1'.»()4 


rilE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


177 


h.ive  to  be  located  on  the  islands  while 
nianj^rove  is  in  bloom.  As  a  rule  the 
islands  are  not  as  good  locations  at 
ntiicr  seasons  as  is  the  mainland  and 
111,,  best  waj^  of  utilizing-  the  honey  re- 
sources of  the  mangrove  is  to  keep 
bees  on  the  mainland  most  of  the 
year,  and  move  them  to  the  mangrove 
locations  while  that  is  in  bloom  in 
June  and  July.  If  the  good  locations 
on  the  mainland  were  in  all  cases 
close  by  the  mangrove  locations,  the 
moving  of  bees  to  and  from  same 
would  be  a  small  item,  but  such  is  not 
always  the  case.  >Jy  ovrn  home 
apirnes  are  about  110  miles  by  water 


moved  \ny  bees  to  u  location  about  40 
miles  from  homo.  This  location  is  not 
so  extensive  nor  does  it  yield  as  large 
quantities  of  honey  as  did  the  old 
place. 

For  the  first  two  or  three  .years  I 
used  sailboats  to  move  with,  since 
then  until  this  year  have  carried  the 
bees  in  my  gasoline  launch,  a  boat  ca- 
p;ible  of  carrying  about  30  of  my  large 
single-story  hives.  This  year  I  luive 
built  a  large  boat  capable  of  carrying 
nearly  or  quite  125  of  my  large  hives 
— would  carry  easily  some  300  single- 
story  Langstroth  hives.  This  boat  is 
all  covered  in  with  good  roof  and  can- 


IXTERIOR   OF   EXTR.\CTIXG    BOAT   AXD   TRAXSrORT.. 


from  the  nearest  fair  mangrove  loca- 
'tion  and  the  removal  of  200  or  more 
colonies  becomes  a  costly  and  labori- 
ous job. 

When  I  first  commenced  keeping 
bees  here  in  Florida,  the  mangrove  lo- 
cation at  Hawks  Fark  was  so  much 
better  than  the  one  I  am  now  using 
that  although  much  farther  away  (150 
miles)  I  moved  my  bees  there  each 
season.  Two  of  us  bee-keept  rs  united 
in  hiring  a  small  steamer  to  tow  our 
bees  on  a  large  lighter  at  an  expense 
of  .$1.00  to  .'i;i.50  per  colony  up  and 
hark.  This  paid  us  fa'rly  well  until 
the  freeze  of  1895  ruined  the  mangrove 
there.    Since  then  I  have  each  summer 


vas  sides.  Sides  can  be  fastened  down 
or  rolled  up  as  seen  in  the  ,  i;st  pic- 
ture. This  boat  is  used  for  carrying 
bees,  being  towed  with  the  launch,  af- 
ter which  it  is  tied  to  the  wharf  and 
used  as  an  exti-acting  and  storage  room 
until  ready  to  carry  bees  ba'-k  home; 
then  taken  out  of  the  water  and  used 
as  a  sterage  house  until  next  bee  s, a- 
son.  I  expect  to  use  it  then  as  a  mov- 
able extracting  room,  my  out  ai)iaries 
being  all  situated  on  the  banks  of  the 
river,  none  of  the  colonies  being  over 
50  yards  from  where  the  ))oat  will  lie. 
Honey  is  all  wheeled  into  tlie  boat  on 
a  wheelb.-'.ri'ow  in  comb-boyes.  The 
barrow  stands  just  liack  of  the  decap- 


178 


THE     AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


September, 


per  and  extractor  and  equi-distant 
from  eitlier,  in  the  liamliost  position 
possible  for  liandling'  coail)s  to  and 
from  tliese  implements. 

Tlie  photo  showing  the  interior  of  the 
boat  was  taken  aftci-  extracting  for  the 
season  was  over  and  boat  was  well 
littered  up  with  some  refuse  truck 
from  an  old  apiary  I  had  lately  bought, 
and  had  partly  broken  ui)  after  honey 
flow  v.-as  over.  The  eilitor  was  quite 
disappointed  that  he  couldn't  get  over 
to  take  the  pictures  while  we  were  at 
work  and  deck  properly  cleared  for 
action. 

Now  does  all  this  lal)or  and  expense 
of  moving  bees,  as  I  do,  pay?    In   my 


towing  the  other  boat  or  any  other  use 
a  power  l>oat  can  be  used  for.  The 
bees,  about  l."50  colonies  at  this  place, 
are  on  a  narrow  shell  ridge  parallel 
with  the  shcive  behind  a  low  fringe  of 
bushes  that  almost  entirely  hides  them. 
As  the  editor  said,  the  apiary  is  l)y  far 
the  best  arranged  one  he  ever  saw  to 
prevent  a  photographer  from  getting 
any  view  of  it.  The  large  tree  in  the 
middle  of  the  picture  is  a  date  palm, 
one  of  the  oldest  if  not  the  oldest  one 
in  this  region. 

The  third  picture  is  a  view  of  the 
shore  above  the  landing,  taken  IV-om 
top  of  the  big  boat.  It  shows  a  fine  lot 
of  our  cabbage  palmetto  trees  on  the 


OYSTER    BARS   AND    SHORE— Loi  (KING    NORTHWEST, 


situation,  yes!  But  I  know  of  no  other 
location  in  Florida  or  elsewhere  wher-e 
it  will  pay  and  if  I  had  a  location  to 
choose  over  again,  I  should  certainly 
try  hard  to  find  one  that  had  no  mi- 
grator.v  features  about  it. 

Perhai>s  a  little  exidanation  of  the 
engravings  will  be  in  order:  The  first 
one  shows  the  two  l>oats  as  they  la.v 
days  which  we  are  at  woi'k  extracting. 
The  larger  one  is  the  lighter  and  work- 
room conil»ined,  which  is  left  moored 
at  the  wharf  diu'ing  the  honey  season. 
T1k>  smaller  one  is  the  launch  fitted 
with  a  three  horse-power  (iloVie  gaso- 
line engine  and  used  for  going  back 
and  forth  li'om  aiiiai'ies  to  li\"ing  i»lace. 


shore,  also  several  oyster  bars  out  ol 
the  water  at  the  time,  it  being  low  tide 
We  can  gather  all  the  o.vsters  we  wist 
within  a  few  feet  of  the  boat  on  tht 
shore  side  and  catch  fish  from  th< 
other  side,  there  being  a  fine  fishing 
hole  within  10  or  15  feet  of  the  l>oat 
While  my  pai-tial  migratory  bee 
keeping  makes  plenty  cjf  hard  wort 
with  no  great  remuneration  for  it,  yei 
there  is  something  fascinating  aboui 
the  life  in  such  a  wild  and  out-of-the 
wa.v  localit.v.  This  apiary  is  over  tw( 
miles  from  the  nearest  house,  about 
200  .vards  from  the  ocean  beach,  anc 
near  an  inlet.  The  waters  abound  ir 
nianv  and  curious  kinds  of  life.  I  havf 


1004 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


170 


seen  dnrin;;'  the  present  summer  a  man- 
atee of  at  least  1,000  [xinnds  weiyht;  a 
sawfish  15  feet  long;  sharks  from  10 
feet  down,  scores  of  stlng-rays  from  10 
to  100  pounds  each;  sea  turtles  from 
10  to  300  pounds  each,  thousands  of 
large  fish  and  innumtn'able  quantities 
of  other  things  found  only  near  tide- 
water inlets. 

Several  times  during  the  summer 
personal  friends  living  in  town  have 
fre(juently  gone  over  to  the  apiary  in 
the  morning  and  occupied  their  time 
drying  the  day,  while  I  was  at  my  reg- 
ular work,  in  fishing,  bathing  in  the 
Siu-f,  shell  gathering,  etc. 

Fort  Fierce,  Fla.,  Aug.  11,  1904. 


THE  SHALLOAV  vs.  DEEP  FRAME 
CONTROVERSY. 


A  Reply  to  Mr.  Miller. 


By  W.   W.  McXeal. 


M' 


R.  ARTHUR  C.  MILLER,  in  his 

defense  of  the  divisible  brood- 
chamber,  Page  30,  P>ee-Keeper 
"1-  i-vin-uary.  wfites  enthusiastically  if 
I' it  convincingly  of  the  merits  of  the 
ittle  hive. 

Shallow  hives  were  a  great  fad  with 
lit'  at  one  time,  and  therefore  it  was 
vith  much  interest  I  read  the  article 
if  s(i  aide  a  writer  as  Mv.  Miller,  rath- 
'1-  iioping  that  he  would  disclose  ctr- 
ain  practical  truths  which  would  en- 
li|<'  me  to  "revise  my  theories"  con- 
cientiously.  But  it  seems  he  has 
ather  suljstantiated  the  correctness  of 
iiy  claim — that  hives  shallower  than 
ll^^  Langstroth  do  not  properly  meet 
lie  requirements  of  a  colony  of  bees 
uiiug  the  cold  of  winter  and  early 
;fing.  Those  conditions  that  favor 
"'st  the  welfare  of  the  bees  do  not 
i'r\('  the  interest  of  the  bee-keeper  so 
^ell.  Either  one  or  the  other  must  be 
lie  loser  and  usually  it  is  the  bees. 

-Man's  own  convenience  has  gradual- 
>■  •ncroached  upon  that  of  the  bees  till 
1  the  construction  of  the  motlern  shsl- 
i\v  hive,  Mr.  Miller  tells  us  it  was  de- 
igned for  "man's  especial  benefit!'' 
'nw  that  being  .so,  there  remains  but 
ttlc  jjround  for  discussion,  for  I  have 
I'ver  said  the  hive  was  not  a  good 
arm-weather  hive— one  that  strongly 
lijieals  to  the  avaricious  qualities  in 
uiiian  nature.  The  "i>ersonal  ele- 
lent"  or  in  other  words  "the  man  and 
'anagement"  may  either  modify  or  in- 
'nsify    unfavorable    conditions     aris- 


ing from  unnatui'al  suiii-oundings.  P.ut 
hive  manipulation,  liowever  systematic 
it  may  l)e  with  shallow  hives,  cannot 
make  t-hose  hives  as  warm  as  hives  of 
natural  built  combs. 

The  divisible  brood-chamber  must 
have  outside  protection  to  make  it  as 
warm  as  a  large  single-story  hive  of  the 
same  capacity  would  be  without  out- 
side packing.  And  it  was  this  matter  of 
greater  warmth  of  single-story  hives 
that  caused  me  to  change  firom  the 
shallow^  frames  to  those  that  Avere 
11  inches  deep  for  the  brood-chamber. 
When  a  colony  of  bees  has  weath- 
ered the  bitter  cold  of  winter  and  its 
vit.-ility  is  far  spent,  the  arrangement 
of  the  combs  for  warmth  and  protec- 
tion is  of  the  greatest  importance 
when  breeding  is  begun  in  erx'ly 
spring.  We  all  know  that  brood  can- 
not be  reared  profitably  where  chilling 
drafts  of  air  circulate.  The  brood- 
chamber  that  is  made  up  of  two  cases 
of  shallow  frames  cannot  save  the  en- 
ergy of  the  bees  as  it  should,  owing 
to  the  great  amount  of  cold  air  pass- 
ing around  the  comlis  and  through  the 
very  heart  of  the  brood-nest. 

One  case  of  combs,  containing  as  it 
UHist  the  necessary  stores,  is  inade- 
quate to  the  purposes  and  require- 
ments of  earl.v  brood-rearing,  and 
when  another  case  of  combs  is  added 
the  conditions  become  such  that,  if 
they  are  not  bad  they  are  simply 
worse.  The  combs  in  the  lower  case 
that  come  directly  under  those  con- 
taining brood  in  the  upper  one,  cannot 
be  warmed  as  economically  as  the  low- 
er half  of  com))s  in  a  large  single-story 
hive.  That  must  be  evident  to  one  and 
all  for  it  is  simply  a  physical  impossi- 
bility for  the  bees  to  do  it  when  the 
heat  generated  can  so  easil.v  escape 
through  that  horizontal  air-space  be- 
tween the  two  sets  of  combs.  The  bees 
must  I)e  enabled  to  confine  the  heat  of 
the  cluster  at  the  point  of  operations 
in  Icood  rearing  or  there  will  l)e  a 
wanton  waste  of  vitality  in  an  effort 
to  meet  the  growhig  demand  for  brood, 
in  the  lower  case.  -u 

There  must  be  corresponding  means' 
for  maintaining  the  same  degree  of 
warmth  in  that  jtosition  of  the  lower 
oase  of  combs  which  the  bees  desire 
to  use  for  Ir-eeding  imrposes  and  if 
the  arrangement  of  the.  combs  does 
not  allow  of  this,  then  the  expense  of 
additional  outside  protection  must  be 
carried  to  get  the  benefits  of  a  double 
case  of  combs,  in  numerical  strength. 


180 


L    THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 
coming  of  settled  warm 


September, 


in'ior   to   the 
weather. 

Whatever  may  become  of  heat  after 
it  escapes  from  the  cluster,  we  may  be 
assured  that  it  does  uot  return.  The 
accumulation  of  ffost  and  ice  on  the 
outer  combs  and  upon  the  walls  of  the 
hive  would  seem  to  be  sufficient  to  dis- 
pel any  doubts  on  that  score. 

Imagine,  if  you  please,  a  person  try- 
ing to  keep  warm  and  healthy  during 
the  long,  c-old  winter  in  an  eight-room 
or  a  ten-room  house  with  no  ceilings 
to  any  of  the  rooms.  Then  let  your 
fancy  picture  a  midway  opening  in  the 
walls  of  the  rooms  extending  their  full 
length  and  you  Avill  have  conceived  a 
iirst-rate  Icind  of  atrangement  for  a 
corncrib  but  a  poor  one  for  the 
nursery. 

In  attempting  to  prove  that  bees  are 
not  guided  by  any  law  of  nature  in 
forming  the  outline  or  shape  of  the 
coudjs,  Mi:  Miller  gets  wide  of  the 
mark.  He  does  not  deal  with  the 
question  at  issue  but  with  results  that 
are  unavoidable  in  horizontal  brood- 
chamber.  For  the  sum  of  his  figures, 
as  represented  by  actual  lateral  growth 
of  comb  within  a  given  time  is  made 
possible  only  by  that  feature  of  hive 
construction.  It  will  be  remembered 
that  the  assertion  I  made  was  that  the 
depth  of  natural-built  comljs  always 
exceeded  their  width  when  the  bees 
had  room  to  construct  them  according 
to  their  own  wishes.  I  said  that  the 
downward  growth  of  comb  was  more 
rapid  than  the  lateral  and  that  when 
completed  such  combs  conformed  more 
fully  to  the  needs  of  a  spherical  clus- 
ter of  bees  than  shallow  or  horizontal- 
shaped  combs.  Taking  the  total  later- 
al growth  of  four  small  combs  in  the 
sanu'  frame,  as  Mr.  Miller  did.  and  set- 
ting that  over  against  the  downward 
growth  of  only  one  of  them  is  neces- 
sarily misleading.  With  .iust  as  much 
force  of  argument  I  might  say  that  the 
total  downward  growth  of  all  the 
combs  (one  over  the  other)  proved  be- 
yond peradventure  that  bees  prefer 
deep  combs.  Now  notice:  Mr.  Miller 
says  that  a  small  spherical  body  of 
bees  will  start  one  comb  and  build 
downwards  twice  as  fast  as  sidewise. 
He  then  further  admits  that  each  di- 
vision of  the  main  cluster  engaged  in 
comb  building  Avill  build  downwards 
twice  as  fast  as  sidewise!  Now,  it  be- 
ing so  that  all  the  combs  simultaneous- 
l.v  or  otlierwise  started  in  a  horizontal 
"ten-frame  hive"  numbering  "from  two 
to  five  in  each  frame",  is  at  the  start, 


"built  downwards  twice  as  fast  as, 
sidewise,"'  'twould  seem  to  be  incon-^ 
trovertible — that  no  one  could  fail  to 
see  Mr.  Miller's  position  is  not  tenable. 

If  I  mistake  not  Mr.  Miller  makes; 
good  capital  of  the  theory  of  the  deep 
or  tall  section  box,  whicli  ever  yon 
choose  to  call  it.  In  fact  nearly  all  the 
advocates  of  shallow  hives  whose 
writings  have  come  to  my  notice  hold 
to  the  belief  that  bees  will  complete  a 
deep  section  quiclcer  than  one  of  a 
square  shape.  Fiuiny.  isn't  it?  that  a 
principle  of  hive  construction  said  tc 
be  so  utterly  at  variance  with  the  in- 
stincts of  the  bees  M-hen  emplo.ved  Ir 
the  brood-chamber,  it  should  be  so  mu 
tually  beneficial  in  the  super  arrange 
ment.  With  all  due  respect  for  th( 
opinions  of  those  who  differ  with  me 
I  will  add  that  the  sectional  brood- 
chambers  and  system  is  founded  oi 
the  strength  of  artificial  resources  an( 
unless  it  has  the  backing  of  the  suga: 
liarrel  it  is  necessarily  shorn  of  it: 
chief  allurement  and  ceases  to  he  prao 
tical. 

I  am  willing  that  everyone  shall  uS' 
the  hive  that  suits  him  best.  Kut  a 
for  myself,  after  careful  comparison  o 
the  two  styles  of  hives  I  am  decidel; 
in  favor  of  the  large  single-story  hive 
for  winter  brood-chamber. 

Wheelersburg,  O.,  Aug.  11,  1004. 


PUNSC  BEES. 


Peculiar  Traits,  etc.,   Described  by  One  Who 
Breeds  This  Race  for  Market. 


T 


By  John  Hewitt. 

'WENTY  or  thirty  years  ago.  gref 
hopes  were  entertained  of  bein 
aide  to  import  the  great  hone 
bee — Apis  Dorsata — into  America.  M 
I).  A.  .Tones,  founder  of  the  Canadia 
Bee  .Tournal,  spent  large  sums  in  tryiii 
to  import  it;  which  he  said  would  prt 
duce  "lakes  of  honey."  Well  he  faile 
and  so  has  everybody  else  who  has  trie 
to  import  it.  It  was  to  be  used  in  cros) 
ing  the  Italians  and  they  were  goin 
to  iiroduce  a  new  l)reed  of  bee  to  tj 
called  the  Apis  Americana;  I  just  mei 
tion  this  because  very  many  of  yoi 
readers  will  be  too  young  to  have  rea 
all  the  "big  things'"  expected  to  resu 
frohi  its  advent  into  America. 

If  we  have  not  been  able  to  impo 
it,  we  have  done  something  better, 
think,  in  int»"oducing  a  much  bett« 
bee  to  work  side  by  side  with  it,  i.( 


l!_ii)4 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


181 


hv  I'unie  race,  and  we  are  now  able 
0  glean  many  facts;  tirst,  it  is  prac- 
ically  worthless  as  a  honey  bee  com- 
)ared  with  Funics,  and  second,  they 
ill  not  cross-mate  and  therefore  it  is 
[uite  useless  for  "crossing"  purposes. 

This  bee  I  first  imported  in  1886.  It 
s  of  the  genus  Apis  Nigra,  and  there- 
ore  all  black,  in  fact  blacker  than  any 
)ees  native  to  any  part  of  Europe  or 
America;  it  comes  from  Ancient  Poeu- 
a  in  North  Africa,  and  was  cultivated 
or  its  honey  long  before  the  Romans 
)egan  to  practice  husbandry  of  any 
iud.  ^^'e  are  indebted  to  the  Poen- 
ans  for  the  best  features  of  horticul- 
ure  and  agriculture,  whose  success  so 
ncited  the  Romans  they  at  last  suc- 
eeded  in  crushing  them;  the,  bees 
lowever,  remained  pure  and  uncontam- 
uated  up  to  181(1,  when  I  imported  a 
arge  number  of  queens  to  start  their 
•reeding  here. 

These  bees  ace  proof  against  foul 
•rood,  and  if  hives  are  large  enough, 
hey  will  not  swarm.  They  are  the 
amest  bees  known;  in  fact  just  the 
)ees  to  produce  honey  in  the  greatest 
uantity  with  the  least  trouble,  and  it 
5  on  these  lines  the  most  dollars  will 
»e  raked  in. 

These  bees  have  made  themselves  at 
lome  In  every  country  no  matter  hovr 
lot   or  how    cold,    hence  when    Major 
5mith  wrote  to  the  British  Bee  .Tour- 
lal  on  October  3rd,  1901,  page  397.  for 
dvice  in  starting  bee-keeping  in  India, 
nd  the  editors  told  him  to  take  out 
European  queens  and  introduce  theni 
0  the  native  stock  of  bees.   Apis  In- 
lica,   I   wrote  to   him   to  caution   him 
gainst  following  such  advice,  as  these 
»ees  will  not,  on  any  account,  accept 
ny  queen  of  any  European  race,  and 
iven  if  it    could   be   done,   the    queen 
ould  not  lay  eggs  in  their  combs  as 
he  cells  ace  too  small.    These  bees  (A. 
ndica)   build    combs    5-8    inch    thick, 
paced  7-8  inch  from  center  to  center; 
et  these  people  who  profess  to  know 
11  about  all  foreign  bees,  with  a  libra- 
y  of  10,000  volumes,  gave  t^Js  absurd 
dvice  to  Major   Smith.    They,   know- 
Dg  of  Major  Smith's  success,  told  an- 
ther party  on  August  2()th,  1003.  page 
36,  that  all  the  European  bees  sent  to 
ndia  have  sooner  cc  later  died  off,  and 
dvised    the    keeping    of    the    Native 
pis   Indica  in   English   hives. 
In    writing   to   Major    Smith,    I    ad- 
ised  him  to  try   the   Funics  as   they 
ad  the  happy  peculiarity  of  making 
emselves  at  home  and  doing  well  in 
very  country  I  sent  them  to  and  they 


were  the  only  race  I  knew  of  which 
had  not  been  tried  in  ludia  and  failed. 
Early  in  December,  lOOl,  I  received  a 
letter  from  him  asking  me  to  pack  up 
a  nucleus  of  Punic  bees,  for  his  broth- 
CB."  to  bring  with  him.  As  soon  as  I 
had  read  it,  a  telegram  came  from  his 
brothei':-  to  send  them  that  day  for  him. 
The  bees  had  been  unable  to  fiy  for 
two  months  through  ])ad  weather  and 
it  was  ^•ery  frosty.  The  bees  had  to 
be  safely  packed  and  combs  wired  fast 
to  the  frames,  but  I  got  them  off  in 
time  to  reach  London  at  8  a.  m.,  and 
I  arranged  the  box  so  that  the  bees 
could  l)e  given  a  fly  on  the  way,  and 
particularly  requested  that  this  should 
be  done.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  his 
brother  was  afraid  to  let  them  out 
and  they  never  got  even  one  fly  on 
the  way,  with  the  result  nearly  all  the 
bees  were  dead  on  arrival. 

Major  Smith  says  under  date  of  Jan- 
uary 11th.  1002,  "I  ct)uld  only  see  very 
few  bees  between  the  combs ;  to  me 
there  did  not  seem  as  if  there  were 
more  than  about  a  hundred,  if  so 
many,  but  did  not  lift  out  the  frames 
and  examine  them  as  it  was  rather 
cold."  Yet  these  self  same  bees  in- 
creased to  six  full  stocks  in  two-story 
hives  and  yielded  2.")  pounds  of  honey 
before  the  end  of  the  year. 

I  soon  after  received  another  order 
for  a  nucleus  of  Punic  bees  for  India, 
which  I  sent  ofl"  after  the  frost  had 
broken  up  and  they  not  only  had  a 
good  fly  before  I  sent  them,  but  also 
three  on  the  way.  They  arrived  with 
two  patches  of  sealed  brood,  though 
the  queen  was  not  laying  when  sent. 
These  were  for  George  Oakes,  Esq., 
Walpole  House,  Ootacamund.  India,  a 
neighbor  of  Major  Smith's,  who  has 
written  to  me  several  times.  In  one, 
dated  April  11th.  1903,  he  says  there 
is  no  "cross  mating  with  Apis  Dorsata 
or  Apis  Indica  and  I  infinitely  prefer 
Funics  to  either  variety.  A  gentle- 
man near  here  expressed  his  surprise 
at  my  Funic  bees,  he  said  when  he 
was  last  at  home  they  had  a  bad  name 
for  viciousness,  but  as  far  as  my  ex- 
perience goes,  one  could  not  have  bet- 
ter mannered  or  more  tractable  bees, 
and  they  will  take  a  lot  of  beating  in 
any  respect.''  Since  he  wrote  this  I 
have  noticed  an  editorial  article  in 
the  "Field"  for  September  5th,  page 
440.  which  reports  their  doings  down 
to  .Tune  1st.  when  eight  of  the  lots  had 
produced  13  sealed  sections  and  2.34 
pounds  of  honey,  but  as  the  best  part 


1S2 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


September, 


of  the  year  had  to  come  it  is  safe  to 
estimate  a  very  big  cirop. 

Uiie  must  uot  attempt  to  treat  tliese 
bees  like  Italians,  for  instance,  for 
though  they  are  a  smaller  bee,  they  re- 
quire larger  hives  for  a  brood  nest. 
They  -will  require  either  a  12-frame 
Langstroth  hive  cf  an  eight-frame  one 
with  a  half  story  above  and  the  frames 
in  this  half  story  should  be  put  the 
narrow  way  across  the  box.  This  one- 
and-a-half-story  stack  hive  will  nevek- 
need  touching  and  all  one  will  used  to 
do  is  to  put  on  plenty  of  room  above 
and  take  oft"  the  surplus  honey — no 
feeding  if  there  is  any  honey  above. 
These  small  narrow  frames  should 
have  no  bottom  bars:  they  will  be 
found  very  handy  in  making  up  nu- 
clei, as  tl'.fee  division  boards  put  in 
one  of  these  shallow  boxes  will  make 
four  nuclei  with  an  entrance  on  each 
side  and  by  being  put  across  the  bot- 
tom frames  there  will  always  be  the 
best  kind  of  winter  passage  ways. 

There  is  this  other  peculiarity,  viz., 
the  (jueens  never  attempt  to  mate  till 
al>out  20  days  old,  but  t-.ey  Avill  mate 
all  right  at  ovtn-  three  months  old, 
hence  they  will  not  be  favorites  with 
queen  l)reeders  who  use  a  split  on'e- 
pound  section  for  a  nucletis.  It  is  htce 
that  the  value  of  the  short,  shallow 
frame  will  come  in. 

There  is  another  startling  peculiar- 
ity. If  you  c-emove  a  queen  and  then 
on  the  iotli  day  cut  out  every  (pieen 
cell,  fertile  workers  will  at  once  fill 
all  the  combs  with  eggs  and  they  will 
begin  qtieen  cells  on  these  eggs  and 
develop  and  hatch  (pieens  from  them, 
which  will  duly  mate  and  a-epopulate 
the  hives.  I  do  not  place  much  value  on 
fills  fact,  except  to  prove  that  nature 
has  a  wise  use  for  fertile  workers,  i.  e., 
to  l)e  able  to  requeen  a  stock  when  a 
queen  is  lost  in  mating.  Ho^v  the  bees 
do  this,  i.e.,  produce  both  males  and 
females  from  unmated  Avorker  bees,  I 
leave  to  someone  else  to  .find  mit.  All 
who  have  these  bees  can  verify  the 
fact  for  themselves. 

Sheffield.  Engh:ind. 


The  article  in  "Field."  September  o, 
100:5.  liy  Major  Smith,  is  quite  interest- 
ing and  we  theu'efore  present  it  in  full, 
as  follows': — Editor  FVee-Keeper. 
ENGLISH   BERS   IN    INDIA. 

The  experiment  of  introducing  the 
Punic  l>ee  at  Ootacflmund,  South  In- 
tlia.  was  due  to  the  enierprise  of  ^Major 
G.  de  Heriez  Smith,  of  the  Central  In- 


dia Horse,  who,  in  January,  l'J02,  im- 
ported a  nucleus,  sent  out  by  Mr.  .JohD 
Hewitt,  of  Sheffiield.  In  the  following 
month  Mr.  George  Oakes,  after  having 
for  some  yeafs  kept  stocks  of  the  In- 
dian bee  (Apis  Indica),  also  imported  a 
nucletis  of  I'unic  bees  from  Mr.  Hew- 
itt. In  both  instances  the  bees  were 
brought  to  India  liy  friends  travelini 
with  the  mails,  and  were  eighteen  tc 
twenty  days  on  the  journey.  Thej 
were  well  packed  on  four  frames  0I 
heather  honey,  re-Avired,  and  securec 
in  an  cfdinary  Hollands  gin  ease.  Yen 
tilation  Avas  provided  at  the  door  anc 
the  top  of  the  case  by  means  of  per 
forated  zinc.  The  bees  Avere  flowi 
three  times  en  route — at  Port  Said 
Aden,  and  Bonil)ay.  From  Bombay 
they  Avere  lirought  by  mail  train  direc 
to  Ootacamund. 

On  arrival  the  frames  Avere  at  onC" 
tfansferred  to  clean  hives,  and  the  beei 
fed  Avith  stimulating  syrup.  .Within  i 
Aveek  the  queen  Avas  busily  laying,  am 
the  stock  rapidly  increased  to  tei 
frames.  So  rapidly  did  the  stock  Id 
crease  that  on  May  12,  10b2.  fou 
frames  of  capped  brood  Avell  coverei 
with  bees  Avere  placed  by  ^lajor  Smiti 
in  the  traveling  box  and  formed  a  nv 
cletis.  the  ([ueeii  bee  of  which  at  one' 
started  queen  cells.  The  first  SAvan 
ffom  the  first  imported  lot  Avas  throAV 
ofe  on  July  20,  ino2,  and  four  casts  fo 
loAA'ed — on  July  ;^(),the  first  Aveek  in  At 
gust.  Se]itember  ]0,  and  September  1." 
The  first  sAvarin  from  the  lot  inqiorte 
later  (kept  by  Mr.  'Oakes  at  Walpol 
House)  Avent  off  on  S<"ptember  12,  an 
Avas  successfully  hived,  and  two  fo 
loAved — on  September  1.^  and  19.  Th 
last  tAvo  casts  Avere  united,  (me  (piee 
being  secured. 

Major  Smith  and  :\Ir.  Oakes  eventi 
ally  joined  forcesi  and  located  the  bee 
on  the  DoAvnham  estate  (coffee)  of  tb 
latter.  By  the  end  of  the  year  tb 
joint  stocks  ntimbered  nine  (six  froii 
Major  Smith's,  three  from  Mr.  Oakes') 
but  only  one  of  Mr.  O's  Avas  reall 
strong  and  carried  a  doulde  broo 
chamber).  The  honey  yii'lded  amounte 
to  about  2.«  pounds,  but  it  Avas  prove 
that  the  Irees  Avould  store  surplus  hoT 
e,y  in  sections,  Avhich  was  a  very  grai 
ifying  thing,  never  before  done  in  Ir. 
dia.  Tavo  sert^ons  Avere  taken  off  Ms 
jor  Smith's  original  stock  from  Ma 
hn,  11t02. 

The  sejison  of  lOOf?,  from  January  t 
June  1,  records  a  yield  of  seventy-thre 
sections  and  234  pounds  of  extracte 


»04 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


183 


nwy,  notwithstanding  tlie  nine  stocks 
iving  been  reduced  to  eight.  Une 
ock  was  taken  to  Knlhutty  and  tried 
ith  the  coit'ee  blossom  when  in  full 
com  there  in  May;  but,  though  honey 
IS  a))undant,  the  heat  seemed  to  af- 
ct  the  bees.  .  A  rack  section  was 
pt  on  the  hive  and  a   fair  quantity 

lioney   was  dejiosited.   but  the  sec- 
jns  wet'e  not  capped. 
Ootacaniund  appears,  in  fact,  to  be 
e  best  locality  for  bees,  as  there   is 

all  times  in  the  year  an  abundance 

bee  tloAvers  in  the  gardens,  and  the 
calyptus  is  in  blossom  from  January 

April,  which  yields  a  very  superior 
mey.  In  .Tidy  and  August  the  yel- 
v\'  and  black  wattles  blossom,  and 
so  largely  yield  honey.  September 
d  October  seem  to  be  the  months 
ien  honey  gets  scarce.  The  queen 
en,  to  a  great  extent,  stops  laying, 
d  stocks  should  lie  overhauled.  In 
)veml)er  drones  are  killed,  even  the 
ubs  being  removed  from  the  hives, 
irly  in  the  year  lioney  seems  to  come 

again;  eight  sections  were  taken,  be- 
les  some  well-sealed  frames,  for  ex- 
iction.     In  January  and  February  it 

advisable  to  see  that  the  hives  are 
ill  covered,  the  nights  being  frosty 
d  cold.  A  good  gunny  bag  thrown 
er  the  hive  equalizes  the  tempera- 
re,  keeping  off  the  sun  by  day  and 
3  frost  by  night. 

[n  March  all  the  hives  are  at  their 
st,  with  abundance  of  stores  and 
ung  brood.    Racks  of  sections  should 

placed  on  all  strong  stocks.     Should 

'  hive  become  crowded  another  inner 
.'e  may  be  added  lieneath  the  orig- 
\\  hive,  which  will  aiford  the  queen 
iple  foom  for  laying,  especially  if 
3Vided  with  drawn-out  comb.  This 
11    tend    to    keep    the    stoclc    from 

arming,  an  event  to  be  expected  in 

igust  or  September. 


from  a  man's  yard  and  my  attention 
was  excited  from  the  way  the  bees 
were  working  on  the  bloom.  1  set 
tliem  out  on  the  Ixirder  of  my  field  in 
loam  soil, a  mere  handful  of  plants  and 
in  two  years  they  have  fofced  their 
way  under  unfavorable  conditions  to 
form  a  large  lied.  They  grow  very 
rank  and  bloom  profusely  and  so  on 
throughout  the  snnnner.  The  bees 
crowd  the  bloom,  early  and  late.  I  am 
confident  that  an  acre  of  this  will  tide 
a  large  apiary  ovet-  our  destructive 
rainy  seasons. 

No.  2  covers  a  field  about  five  acres 
in  extent,  a  half  mile  away.  The  own- 
er, a  new-comer,  calls  it  Japan  clover. 
He  may  be  mistaken.  Last  summer 
the  field  was  in  cow  peas  and  beggar- 
weed.  Last  winter  it  bore  a  crop  of 
oats.  This  summer  he  has  stock  on  it. 
It  is  pine  land.  The  plant  has  fought 
its  way  to  supremacy  against  purs- 
lane, maiden  cane,  dog  fennel  and 
other  thriving  enemies.  It  is  in  bloom 
now  and  has  been  for  the  past  month, 
while  the  bees  are  working  on  it 
smartly,  but  nothing  like  they  do  on 
No.  1,  and  only  forenoons  at  that. 

Victoria.  Fla.,  July  7,  1904. 


The  specimens  were  received  and 
submitted  for  identification  to  Prof.  H. 
Harold  Hume,  State  Horticulturist, 
Raleigh,  N.  C,  who  was  formet'ly  con- 
nected with  the  University  of  Florida 
at  Lake  City.  Prof.  Hume  writes  in 
response:  No.  1  is  Monarda  puntata;No. 
2.  Richardia  scalira.  The  former  is 
closely  related  to  the  catnip,  while  the 
second,  although  frequentl.v  called  Jap- 
an clover  and  Mexican  clover,  is  not 
clover  at  all,  but  belongs  to  the  Mad- 
der family. — Editor. 


ORANGE   BLOSSOM  HONEY 
SCARCE. 


TWO  FLORIDA   NECTAR 
YIELDERS. 


By.  W.   S.  Blaisdell. 

^\    PAGE    lis,    June  Bee-Keeper, 
*  I    Mr.  Harris  writes  of  his  experi- 
ments    with     nectar     producing 
I  nts.     I  offer  a  few  lines  also  in  evi- 

C   ICC. 

^iiii-losed  are  two  specimen  plants 
\  iili  are  supposed  to  lie,  No.  1,  cat- 
I  :  No.  2,  .Tapan  clover.  Whether  or 
1  t  hey  are  so  is  for  you  to  please  de- 
I  mine. 

\s  to  No.  1,  I  secured  a  few  plants 


By  :M.  W.  Shepherd. 

BRO.  ITIIiL — I  have  kept  a  few  bees 
in  tlip  midst  of  the  orange  groves 
and  have  yet  my  first  cell  of  or- 
ange blossom  honey  to  see  in  the  su- 
pers. The  A.  I.  Root  Co.,  quotes  prices 
on  orange  honey,  and  .vou  can't  call  the 
quotations  "inflated."  Seemingly  the 
(luality  must  be  low  judging  from 
prices  quoted.  If  I  am  rightly  in- 
formed, the  name  "orange  blossom" 
has  lieen  cop.vrighted  by  Aldeirman  and 
Roberts,  of  Wewahitchka,  Fla.  Prior 
to  the  freeze  of  1895  they  were  the 
largest  producers  of  extracted  honey  in 


184 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


September, 


the  -Uniteil  States  aud  were  located 
where  tliere  were  many  hundreds  of 
acres  of  ornage  groves  accessible  to 
their  bees.  Perhaps  Mr.  Alderman 
could  tell  something  interesting  about 
orange  blossom  honey.  From  the 
standpoint  of  the  producer  I  am  of  the 
opinion  that  much  of  the  orange  blos- 
som honey  sold  was  gathered  from  the 
"Tuiielo"  of  West  Florida. 

But  should  not  the  dealers  guard 
against  giving  misleading  names  to 
honeys  from  various  souces?  It  is 
asked  "what's  in  a  name?",  and  I 
reply,  "not  much,  generally,"'  but  some- 
times there  is  too  much  in  a  name,  and 
then  comes  trouble. 

Say,  what  color  is  honey  from  "Or- 
ange blossom'?"  It  must  be  some  color 
and  can't  he  all  colors.  Is  the  aroma 
anything  like  orange  bloom?  If  it  is, 
it  certainly  would  be  very  offensive  to 
my  olfactory  organs  to  say  the  least, 
but  then,  I  am  official  smeller  fcr  no- 
body biit  myself. 

Hollister.  Fla.,  July  10,  1904. 


THE  MATING  OF  THE  QUEEN. 


By  SwarthmoB.-e. 

I  HAVE  this  day  witnessed  the  act  of 
copulation  between  a  queen  and 
drone.  About  2:30  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon  of  Thursday.  July  21,  I  Avas 
standing  near  a  fertilizing  box  filling 
a  feeder  when  my  attention  was  at- 
tracted by  an  uniisual  commotion  in 
the  way  of  extra  loud  buzzing,  as  of 
drones  on  the  wing;  I  looked  and  saw 
a  queen  rapidly  flying  toward  the  fer- 
tilizing box,  evidently  her  home;  she 
was  closely  followed  by  two  drones, 
one  of  which  turned  and  flew  oft",  but 
the  other  remained  in  pursuit.  They 
were  flying  not  six  inches  from  the 
ground  and  were  not  over  eight  feet 
from  the  fertilizing  box  when  the  act 
took  place.  It  was  all  done  so  quickly 
that  I  marvel  at  it  and  I  wish  to  here 
record  the  facts  as  I  witnessed  them. 

I  could  not  see  that  the  queen  was 
flying  in  any  but  the  natural  way  re- 
turning to  hcfi-  hive,  but  the  drone  was 
uniisually  swift  of  wing.  They  were 
both  flying  rapidly  and  as  they  flew 
the  drone  made  two  circles  about  the 
queen  as  though  to  head  her  off  and  as 
these  circles  were  made  about  the 
queen  she  rose  slightly  each  time. 

Directly  after  making  the  second  cir- 
cle about  the  queen  the  drone  flew  at 
her  about  as  a  worker  flies  with  the 
intention  of  stinging  in  earnest.     His 


0^  Kv^VCvHT 


abdomen  aaus  curved  and  his  wings 
rattled  in  about  the  same  manned.*.  Di- 
rectly the  drone  was  in  contact  with 
the  queen  there  was  a  sudden  lurch  to 
side  and  they  went  together  to  some 
distance  into  the  field  until  I  lost  sight 
of  them.  As  they  flew  together  they 
much  resembled  workers  when  they 
attempt  jointly  to  bear  oft'  their  dead 
I  remained  by  the  fertilizing  box  per 
baps  three  minutes  and  saw  the  queer 
retutt-n  and  enter  bearing  the  marks  oJ- 
having  met  a  drone.  I  still  lingered  bj 
the  box  and  soon  saw  a  worker  bean 
out  the  tell-tale  white  speck.  I  latei 
opened  the  box  and  saw  the  queej 
bearing  the  usual  thread. 

A  queen  bee  is  tremendous  swift  o 
wing  but  I  am  convinced  that  a  droni 
is  ten  times  swifter,  for  to  be  able  t 
encircle  the  queen  in  the  manner  thi 
on  did,  such  must  be  the  fact. 

In  the  accompanying  drawing  I  hav 
attempted  to  picture  the  exact  cours 
of  the  queen  and  drone  just  previou 
to  actual  contact. 

Swarthmore,  Pa..  July  21,  1904. 


LAYING  WORKERS. 


I 


By  Arthur  C.  Miller. 

N  the  American  Bee-Keeper  for  An 
gust,  pag'e  150,  Mr.  McNeal.  wril 
ing  on  the  question  of  the  possibil 
ity  of  bees  rearing  drones  ffom  egg 
which  would  normally  produce  work 
ers,  says,  "From  the  size  of  the  larva 
it  was  evident  that  fertile  worker 
were  not  responsible  for  the  state  o 
affairs,  for  there  had  not  been  tim 
enough  to  attain  that  size  fror 
eggs  laid  by  them.'"  He  also  say 
that  seven  days  elapsed  from  th 
time  he  forced  the  swarm  until  he  83 
amined  and  found  the  cenditions  r( 
ferred  to.  FurtluB',  he  says  the  force' 
swarm  did  nothing  below  the  excluc 
er. 

Taking  his  statements  as  they  stan 
I  should  sav  he  had  been  dealing  wit 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


185 


i'ailing  quxh'ii.  and  that  she  was  re- 
ponsible  for  that  cTii'ono  brood.  A  fail- 
ng-  queeu  will  lay  in  either  worker  cf 
Irone  cells.    But  even  if  his  queen  was 
lot    all    right    the    presence    of  drone 
brood    maj'   have   been   due   to   laying- 
workers.     These  so-called  pests  are  of 
far  more  frequent  occurrence  than  has 
lieretofcce  been   suspected.      This   has 
become  particularly   noticeable    since 
he  introduction   of  the  yellow  blood, 
..    Syrians    and    Cyprians.      These 
ave    been    used    to  brighten  Italians 
nd  have  carried  many  of  their  traits 
s  well  as  their  color. 
Laying    workers    will    appear  under 
11  sovts  of  conditions.     For  example, 
)ne  colony  wj  ^  accidentally  divided  by 
wo  old,  black  combs.     The  queen  did 
lot  pass  by  them,  and  in  a  few  days 
aying  workers  were  doing  a  land  of- 
ice  business  in  the  other  half  of  the 
irood   nest.     Another  case  was   of  a 
irgin  queen  in  a  one-frame  nucleus  of 
3ld  bees.     She  mated,  began  to  lay  and 
imultaneously  so    did     the     workers. 
The  comb  was  a  sight.  Apparently  the 
lueen  was  worthless,  but  the  addition 
if    two     combs     of     emerging     brood 
hanged  the  whole  complexion  of  af- 
ak's.     The  queen  enlarged  her  work, 
md  though  the  worker's  drone  brood 
anie  to  maturity,  their  laying  stopped. 
The  presence  of  laying  workers  does 
lot    necessarily    mean     queenlessness, 
or    they    are    tjfteii    present    with   a 
jueen   under    either    of   the   following 
onditions:    extremely     small    colony; 
Absence  or  scarcity  of  young  bees;   a 
iivided   brood    nest;    a    failing   queen; 
Dr   before   a    newly   introduced   queen 
aas  got  to  laying.  They  cause  but  lit- 
le  trouble  other  than  occupying  a  lit- 
le  Gonib   which  the  queen  could  use. 
They  do  not  interfere  with  the  safe  in- 
Toduction     of     queens     when     pa-oper 
oaethods  are  followed. 

A.  failing  queen  is  often  said  to  have 
?one  to  laying  an  excess  of  drone  eggs 
when  as  a  matter  of  fact  laying  work- 
rs  are  responsible  for  much  of  the 
rouble. 

In  relation  to  failing  queens  it  will 
)e  well  for  the  novice  to  bear  in  mind 
hat  before  he  (replaces  such  a  queen 
e  must  be  sure  her  daughter  is  not 
ilready  present  or  that  a  ripe  cell  is 
lot  there.  I  think  it  may  be  accepted 
IS  a  law  that  under  normal  conditions 
i.e.,  where  man  does  not  meddle  or 
iisturb)  the  new  queen  always  nia- 
iires  and  begins  to  lay  before  the  old 
3ueen  disappears. 
Providence.  R.  I..  August  10,  1904. 


Calaveras,  Tex.,  8,  s,  '04. 
Friend  Hill— 

Your  answer  to  a  previous  note  was 
received  but  you  did  not  answer  a 
(iuestion  that  I  asked,  viz.,  Color  of 
queens,  workers  and  hustling  qualities 
and  proliticness  of  the  Punic  bees,  also 
as  to  their  gentleness.  I  would  like 
to  see  an  article  in  the  American  Bee- 
Keeper  as  to  the:ii"  characteristics  if 
you  feel  like  giving  it.  You,  I  believe, 
are  testing  them  and  no  doubt  others 
would  like  to  learn  something  of  them 
likewise. 

On  page  14.3.  W.  H.  F.  tells  of  bees 
being  killed  when  returned  to  their 
own  hive.  Now,  of  course,  I  am  not 
a  beginner  nor  am  I  hankering  after 
that  dollar  but.  that  aside,  there  are 
some  questions  that  might  come  up  in 
order  to  understand  the  why  and 
wherefore  of  such  actions  on  the  part 
of  the  bees.  He  does  not  tell  if  honey 
was  coming  in  at  the  time,  nor  if  they 
were  left  off  any  length-  of  time.  Then 
returning  them  at  night  I  do  not  think 
was  best,  as  all  the  old  bees  were  at 
home,  also  if  the  bees  were  left  in  a 
place  whei-e  they  might  acquire  a  dif- 
ferent odor  I  should  expect  them  to 
be  killed.  They  would  be  as  strangers 
to  the  old  colony.  To  sum  up,  it  may 
have  been  caused  by,  1st,  No  honey 
coming  in;  2nd — Time  of  returning 
them;  3rd,  Too  long  off  the  hive;  4th, 
Acquiring  a  different  odor;  5th,  The 
presence  of  some  stranger  bees.  Re- 
member bees  are  not  very  discriminat- 
ing when  they  become  angry.  When 
they  are  in  an  angry  mood  from  the 
presence  of  strangee-  bees  they  are  li- 
able to  kill  their  own  bees  that  had 
been  off  the  hive  for  some  time  and 
perhaps  acquired  a  different  odor.  Any 
of  these  may  have  caused  it.  I  think 
along  these  lines  may  have  been  the 
cause  but  it  is  for  a  different  purpose 
that  I  write  this  letter.  I,  for  one, 
would  like  to  see  this  formaline  gas  • 
treatment  for  foul  brood  stopped. 

If  it  is  not  a  complete  success  with 
the  experts  (and  it  is  not)  what  must 
it  be  with  the  novice?  It  Is  a  danger- 
ous experiment  and  the  country  will 
never  be  free  from  foul  brood  by  us- 


186 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


ing  fornialdeliyde.  I  liold  that  the  ya!> 
caimot  penetrate  into  the  mass  of  mat- 
ter that  dries  down  in  the  cell  nor  can 
it  penetrate  the  honey  or  oappings. 
Undoubtedly  the  honey  is  full  of  the 
spofes;  besides  if  it  were  possible  to 
combine  anything  with  the  honey  that 
would  go  through  it  or  mix  with  it 
suffieiently  to  kill  the  spores  it  cer- 
tainly would  kill  the  larvae  and  bees 
also  by  feeding  on  it.  My  first  ex- 
perience with  foul  brood  was  in  Can- 
ada. My  bees  had  died  out  completely 
or  nearly  so,  and  1  had  made  arrange- 
ments with  Mr.  J.  B.  Hall  to  let  me 
have  swarms  at  $1.50.  I  to  furnish 
hives  and  combs.  I  took  some  half- 
dozen  or  so  hives  to  his  place  to  have 
swarms-  put  in.  He  was  not  at  home 
but  a  couple  of  days  after  I  got  a  letter 
from  him  telling  me  I  had  foul  brood 
and  to  come  and  get  the  hives.  On 
the  colonies  I  had  left  I  tried  salycilic 
acid,  which  they  claimed  at  that' time 
would  cure  it.  Of  course  I  lost  "all 
I  had.  Then  again  I  bought  an  apiary 
at  Lake  Charles.  La.  Did  not  examine 
all  the  colonies,  but  it  seems  I  got  it 
with  the  bees.  I  got  them  in  the  fall 
and  it  develoiied  the  following  spring. 
I  went  after  it  with  the  McEvoy  plan 
and  rooted  it  out:  only  part  of  the  yard 
was  infected.  I  also  treated  a  neigh- 
bor's bees  the  spring  following  and 
found  it  in  one  light  colony  which 
I  promptly  destroyed.  I  extracted  all 
the  honey  from  diseased  colonies,  cut 
the  combs  out,  scraped  the  frames  and 
scalded  the  hives  thoroughly.  The 
bees  I  put  on  foundation  starters,  then 
in  two  days  shook  them  into  clean 
hives  on  full  sheets  of  foundation.  Am 
using  those  same  hives  and  frames  to- 
day. No  signs  of  the  disease  since.  I 
boiled  the  honey  for  about  an  hour  and 
fed  it  back  and  they  raised  brood  with 
it.  That  was  seven  years  ago. 

As  to  our  cro])  here  this  year,  it  will 
not  be   more  than  one-fourth   to   one- 
third  of  last  year,   or  about  4.1  to  .10 
IiDunds.  and  dark  (most  of  it)   at  that. 
Yours,  etc.. 

H.   FMner. 

In  regard  to  Punic  l)pes,  we  have  said 
all  our  knowledge  will  justify.  The 
ones  we  have  are  very  gentle.  Both 
queens  and  workers  are  black.  In  this 
namber  of  The  Bee-Keeper  will  be 
found  quite  a  long  article  upon  the 
subject  by  Mr.  John  Hewitt.  Avho  ii;- 
troduced   them    into   England. — Editor. 


September, 
12.  1004. 


Naples,  N.  Y.,  Auj. 
Dear  Sir: 

I  am  afcaid  buckwheat  will  not 
count  much  for  us  this  year.  It  is  cool 
and  wet  most  of  the  time  and  the  bees 
lie  still  with  lots  of  bloom  about  them. 
We  have  not  had  a  smell  of  buckwheat 
so  far. 

Yours  respectfully, 

F.   Greiner. 


Haverhill.  Mass.,  Julv  ID.  l'J04. 
Brother   Hill— 

I  would  consider  it  a   favor   if  you 
should  see   fit  to  publish   in  the  Bee- 
Keeper  a  satisfactory  method  of  mak- 
ing soft  candy  for  queen  cages. 
Very  truly  yours, 

J.  W.  Small. 

The  most  satisfactory  candy  for 
cages  of  which  we  know  is  sim- 
ply a  combination  of  i^ure  pulverized 
sugar  and  good  ripe  honey.  Some 
powdered,  or  pulverized  sugar,  used 
for  frosting  cakes,  etc..  by  bakers,  con- 
tains starch,  which  is  injurious  to 
bees,  and  should  therefore  be  avoided. 
Coarse  granulated  sugar  is  decidedly 
preferable  to  the  adulterated  variety 
referred  to,  in  powdered  form.  The  ad- 
vantage of  having  it  powdered  is  that 
it  more  readily  absorbs  the  honey,  and 
in  combination  therewith  forms  a 
dough-  like  confection  which  the  bees 
are  al)le  to  eat  entirely;  while  the 
coarse  granules  of  the  ordinary  granu- 
lated article  are  too  large  for  them  to 
take.  The  in'ocess  of  making  is  sim- 
ply mixing  and  kneading  the  honey 
and  sugar  together  thoroughly.  It 
should  be  made  quite  stiff — working  in 
all  the  sugar  the  honey  will  take.  The 
inexperienced  manipulator  will  more 
likely  err  on  the  side  of  making  it  too 
thin  than  getting  in  too  much  sugar; 
and  greater  danger  lies  in  the  possi- 
l)ility  of  the  bees  l)ecoming  drabl)led 
in  the  honey  than  in  their  inal)ility  to 
use  a  candy  containing  an  excess  of 
sugar.  It  should  be  pressed  firmly  in- 
to the  cage,  the  walls  of  which  should 
be  made  non-al)sorbent  l)y  an  applica- 
tion of  paraffin  or  wax. — Editor. 

NEW  ZELAND. 
Marton.  N.  Z.,  July  12,  1004. 

Dear  Mr.  Hill 

At  the  present  time  we  are  in  the 
midst  of  our  winter,  which  lias  been 
fairly  good  so  far  as  l)ee-keei)ing  inter- 
ests are  concerned.  Our  last  honey  sea- 
son closed  rather  suddenly  in  March, 
with  but  a  small  croii. 


1  '.  M  )4 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


187 


Swarming  was  very  general  througli- 
liiii  New  Zealand  last  season,  whicli 
w.is  donbtless  a  result  of  the  scarcity 
(>r  lorage.  This  seems  to  be  the  case 
111  re  every  alternate  year. 

There  is  now  a  great  quantity  of 
•  ululterated  honey  on  the  market, 
branded,  "Pure  Clover  Honey."'  There 
is  scarcely  any  honey  about  it,  it  lie- 
ii:i:  composed  chiefly  of  sugar  with  a 
slight  admixture  of  honey.  At  the  rate 
tins  stuff  is  getting  into  the  markets 
it  will  be  but  a  short  time  until  the 
liouey  trade  is  ruined. 

State  aid  is  to  be  again  brought  be- 
lurc  the  govenment  this  winter  ses- 
sion, by  :Mr.  Isaac  Hopkins  of  Auck- 
land and  the  writer.  It  is  proi)Osed  to 
Hist  have  an  experienced  bee-keeper 
u(i  around  and  lecture  on  bee-keeping 
and  at  the  same  time  form  bee-keep- 
irs"  associations.  By  this  system  the 
l:(i\  eminent  will  then  see  by  the  report 
sent  in  by  the  one  lecturing  what  is  re- 
I mired  and  then   take   steps   to   carry 

ip.t  the  proposed  system  of  helping  to 
<\\ell  the  industry.  It  was  rumored 
that  an  expert  had  been  appointed  "at 
!i(ime''  but  thi.s,  I  am  glad  to  relate,  is 
initrue  and  a  good  thing,  too.  for  by 
^uch  an  action  as  that,  it  would  sim- 
ply kill  the  prospects  of  the  industry 
fdi'ever  more. 

Another  honey  poisoning  case  has 
taken  place  at  Auckland.     The  follow- 

iig  I  take  from  an  Aukland  paper.  This 
is  the  fourth  case  of  its  kind  that  has 
happened  up  there  and  is  due  to  the 

ircsence  of  a  plant  called  '"waikariki," 
\vliieh  blooms  in  May: 


POISONED  BY  HONEY, 


A  Shooting  Party's  Experiences. 
Thames,  Thursday. 

A  most  regrettable  honey -poisoning 
ncident  occurred  yestei'day  to  a  duck- 
hooting  party  up  the  Piako  River,  as 
:he  result  of  which  two  men  are  now 
n  the  hospital  dangerouslj'  ill,  whilst 
wo  others  had  a  narrow  escape  from 

similar  result. 

The  party  comprised  four  well- 
mown  Ponsonl)y  gentlemen  —  viz., 
Messrs.  G.  Carder.  E.  Owen  dioth  of 
he  firm  ofc  Carder  Brothers  and  Co.), 
Arthur  Cooper,  and  .Tames  William 
)ldham;  also  a  ^Maori  named  Thomp- 
lon  Hughes,  the  latter  having  joined 
he  party  at  Kerepehi  as  a  guide. 

On  Friday  night  last  the  party  pro- 
'eeded  up  the  Piako  River  in  an  oil 
aunch,  and  went  about  12  miles  above 
he   junction    with    the  Waitoa  River. 


All  went  well  until  yesterday  morning, 
when  the  party  discovered  n  quantity 
of  wild  honey  in  an  old  Ma<  ri  whare. 
situated  in  the  k.-iliikatea  l)usli,  near 
Moi'risville. 

At  first  the  Em-opean  meml)ers  held 
aloof  from  eating  any  of  the  honey, 
but  being  eventually  assured  ))y 
Hughes  (the  Maori),  who  partook  of  it 
pretty  freely,  that  it  was  all  right, 
Cooper  and  Owen  finally  sampled  it, 
the  former  especially  eating  a  fair 
(luantity.  This  was  at  eleven  a.  m.  At 
two  p.m.  they  ate  some  mcf-'e  of  the 
honey,  being  joined  on  this  occasion 
by  Carder,  but  Oldham  declined  to  par- 
ticipate. 

About  half  past  two  the  honey  be- 
gan to  affect  the  Maori,  who  was  taken 
in  the  form  of  a  tit,  and  soon  after- 
wards Cooper  developed  symptoms  of 
poisoning  by  violent  vomiting. 

Shortly  afterwards  Carder  and  Ow- 
en also  began  to  feel  bad,  but  Owen 
at  once  took  an  emetic  and  kept  on  do- 
ing so.  the  others,  however,  declined 
to  follow  his  example. 

Immediately  on  the  Maori  and  Coop- 
er being  taken  ill  theif  comrades  put 
them  on  lioard  the  launch,  and  made  a 
start  for  the  Thames,  but  by  the  time 
Kerepehi  was  reached  the  former  two 
were  unconscious,  and  Carder  and  Ow- 
en were  gradually  becoming  weaker. 
Owen,  however,  was  the  only  one  who 
could  manage  the  oil  engine,  and  bad 
as  he  was  he  manfully  remained  at  his 
post  until  Thames  was  reached,  at 
about  half  past  nine  p.m.,  whilst  Old- 
ham did  what  he  could  in  looking  after 
those  who  were  so  ill. 

As  soon  as  possible,  Oldham  came 
ashore,  informed  the  hospital-author- 
ities through  the  telephone  what  had 
occurred,  and  then  assisted  by  Consta- 
ble Blake,  the  four  sufferers  were  con- 
veyed in  a  cab  to  that  institution, 
wlxei-e  emetics  were  administered,  and 
the  stomach  pumi»  used. 

Carder's  and  Owen's  condition  at 
this  time,  however,  was  not  considered 
serious  enough  for  them  to  remain  in 
the  hospital,  but  at  a  later  hour  Owen 
began  to  feel  bad  again,  and  was  re- 
admitted. He,  however,  is  now  nearly 
all  right  again,  and  so  is  Carder. 

Cooper  and  the  ^laori  were  in  a  bad 
condition,  and  remained  unconscious 
all  through  the  night  and  today,  de- 
spite the  efforts  made  l)y  Dr.  Aubin 
and  the  hosjiital  staff  to  relieve  them. 
Towards  evening,  however.  Cooper  be- 
gan to  show  signs  of  regaining  con- 
sciousness, and  now  seems  to  be  in  a 


188 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


September, 


fair  way  toward  recovery.  The  Maori 
still  remains  unconscious,  but  there 
seems  to  be  a  slight  change  for  the  bet- 
ter setting  in. 

Owen  deserves  credit  for  the  pluck 
he  exhibited  in  sticking  to  his  post  at 
the  engine,  for  had  he  not  done  so  it  is 
hard  to  say  what  would  have  become 
of  the  party,  as  he  alone,  as  previously 
stated,  knew  how  to  manage  the  oil 
engine. 

The  inquiry  at  the  hospital  at  nine 
o'clock  to-night  elicited  the  fact  that 
both  Cooper  and  Hughes  (the  Maori) 
are  now  conscious  and  progressing  fa- 
vorably towards  recovery,  although 
not  yet  considered  out  of  danger. 

In  connection  with  the  above.  Mr. 
Isaac  Hopkins,  apiarist,  of  Auckland, 
informs  us  that  the  only  plant  likely  to 
cause  poisoning  at  the  present  time  is 
the  waikariki,  a  plant  which  much  re- 
sembles watercress,  and  has  a  yellow 
blossom.  The  plant  is  in  l)lo()m  this 
month.  Mr.  Hopkins  advises  that  care 
should  be  exercised  not  to  eat  wild 
honey  at  the  present  season  of  the 
year,  as  the  honey  will  almost  invari- 
ably be  found  to  be  poisonous. 


Hardscrabble  Interviewed. 

To  the  Readers  of  the  American  Bee- 
Keeper:  — 

At  the  request  of  the  editor  I  have 
undertaken  to  commune  with  the  spirit 
of  the  late  Deacon  Hardscrabble  and 
to  report  to  the  editor  the  results  there- 
of. I  have  already  had  one  "inter- 
view" with  the  Deacon  (the  substance 
of  which  follows)  and  expect  to  be 
able  to  have  others  from  time  to  time. 
If  the  results  are  fragmentaiy,  blam'e 
not  me,  for  spirits  are  "notional"  and 
the  Deacon  is  very  far  from  being  an 
exception  to  the  rule.  Not  behig  a 
professional  medium.  I  beg  you  will 
forgive  my  passing  incognito  and  per- , 
mit  me  to  sign  myself 

July  5,  1904.  Merlin. 


THE  NATIONAL  CONVENTION. 
To    American    Bee-Keeper    Readers:  — 

The  annual  convention  of  the 
National  Bee-Keepers'  Association  will 
be  held  September  27-30.  in  the  audi- 
torium of  the  Christian  Endeavor 
Hotel,  within  one  hundred  feet  of  the 
south  entrance  of  the  St.  Louis  Faii\ 
Vice-rres.  C.  P.  Dadant  has  .iust  re- 
turned from  the  fair  and  has  secured 
the  best  possible  for  the  members. 

Special  rates: — Send  at  once  50c. 
to  General  INIanager  N  E.  France  of 
Platteville,  Wis.,  to  secure  charter  certi- 
ficate to  insure  your  special  rates  at 
above  hotel.  $1  a  day  lodging,  or  $2  a 
day.  boai-(d  and  i  lodging.  OtheiTvlse 
higher  rates  will  be  charged.  Make  it 
a  point  to  attend  the  fair  the  week  be- 
fore or  after  the  convention,  and  thus 
continue  your  board  I'ates.  Other 
hotels  near,  but  higher  rates  charged. 
Market  St.  street  cars  west  l)ound  in 
front  of  Union  depot  will  bring  you  to 
above  hotel  without  transfer.  Missouri 
State  Bee-Keepers'  convention  in  same 
ball  Sept.  2B. 

N.     E.  France. 


The  subject  of  foul  brood  legislation 
is  agitating  the  minds  of  beedom  in 
the  British  Isles. 


The  Deacon's  Message. 

"A-h-h-h-h-h!  You  mortals  are 
bloomin  stupid!  Here  I've  been  a  try- 
in  all  these  months  to  make  Harry  un- 
derstand me  and  t'is  but  now  that  he 
l;as  become  cognizant  of  my  presence 
and  been  bright  enough  to  get  someone 
as  knows,  to  talk  with  me.  Well  that 
was  bright  anyhow — durn  sight  mor'n 
,some  folks  know.  I  uster  tell  hira 
'twas  powerful  bad  a  doin  of  so  much 
work  nights,  but  twas  mightj^  fortunate 
arter  all.  else  I  'low  I'd  never  a  got  his 
attention. 

"I've  just  been  all  stirred  up  a  want- 
in  to  say  things  to  the  boys  and  I'm 
right  glad  to  get  the  chance. 

"No.  you  mustn't  ask  no  questions  as 
to  why  I  am  still  interested  in  mundane 
things  or  what  I  be  a  doin  here,  for  if 
you  do  I'll  get  called  off.  It's  agin 
ther  rules. 

"Say  but  there  is  one  powerful  ad- 
vantage in  a  lookin'  at  things  from 
here,  the  perspectjv,e  is  most  bee-auti- 
ful.  Its  plumb  funny  to  see  the  boys  a 
tumbling  over  theirselves  to  laud  and 
worship  every  new  star — provided  he 
looks  big  enough.  Now  there's  a  chap  in 
York  State  'lows  as  how  taint  possible 
to  overstock  a  locality,  that  he's  got 
hundreds  of  colonies  in  a  spot.  Then, 
b'gosh,  right  in  the  same  breath  almost 
he"  says  he  feeds  TONS  o^  SUGAR. 
Wal,  there  is  ,some  truth  ii>  sayin'  yer 
can't  overstock  a  sugar  refinery  loca- 
tion. D'ye  spose  he'd  dare  flavor  that 
syrup  strong  with  onions?  No,  not  by 
the  great  Horn  Spoon. 

"W^ho  is  he?  Ask  W.  Z.  of  the  Re- 
view. He  is  responsible  for  pasting 
him  up  in  the  bee-keepers  firmament. 


THE    DEACON    INVADES  THE  EDITORIAL  SANCTL^M. 

"Swift  as  thought  the  flitting  shade 
"Thro'    air   his   momentary   journey   made."' 


190  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  Septeml)ei-. 

"The  bad  part  of  it  is  W.  Z.  eiKlorses        In  accorclaiice  with  the  foregoing.  1 
the  lu-aetiee.    so   do  a   lot  of  the   BIG  hereby  asli  all  members  of  the  ^Nation- 
producers,   so  do  the  Gleaning"s  folks,  al    Bee-Keepers'    Association    to    write 
If  you  will  just  sort  of  cast  your  eye  me  their  choice  of  men  as  candidares 
over  the  writing  of  the  boys  as  tells  of  for  the  following  offices: 
the  big  yields  you'll  find  every  durned       To  succeed  .Tas\  U.  Harris,  of  Grand 
one  of  them  says  they  feed  early,  feed  Junction,  Colo.,  as  President, 
late,  feed  between  times,  feed  slowly.       To  succeed  C.  P.  Dadant,  of  Ham- 
I'eed  steadily,   feed  any  old  way,  only  ilton.  Ills.,  as  Vice-President. 
FEED.  Why  say,   the  boys  would  tar       To    succeed    Geo.    AY.    Brodbeck,    of 
and    featlier    the   chap   as    should    get  Los  Angeles,  Calif.,  as  Secretary, 
through   a   law  a  compellin'  of  em   to       To  succeed  N.  E.  France,  of  Platte- 
flavor  their  syrup  right  up  strong.  ville.  Wis.,  as  General  Manager. 

"Oh    the    wickedness    of    the    Korn       To  succeed  E.  Whitcomb.  "of  Friend, 
Syrup  folks  and  the  sinful  cussedness  Neb.,  as  Director. 

of  the  fellers  as  mixes  in  a  little  glu-       To   succeed    W.    Z.    Hutchinson,    of 
cose  to  keep  the  honey  from  candying.  Flint.  Mich,  as  Director. 
Don't  you  see  them  fellers  is  without       To    succeed    Udo    Toepperwein,    of 
the  ring,  they  don't  belong  to  the  graft.  San  Antonio,  Texas,  as  Director. 
They  don't  keep  bees,  they're  rank  out-       October  1st  the  votes  will  be  count- 
siders.  they're  SCABS.  Oh!  ho!  ho!  ho!  ed,  and  the  names  of  the  two  men  re- 
Say,  its  just  royally  l)lamed  funny.         ceivlng  the  most  votes  for  each  respec- 
"Bees  eat  up  the  feed  afore  it  gets  five  office  will  be  published  in  the  bee 
into  the  surplus  crop.  You  say  color  it  journals,  then,  in   November,   a  postal 
sky  blue  or  flavor  it  rank  and  taste  for  card   ballot   will  be   taken   which    will 
yourself.      No  don't  give  one  little  dose,  decide    which    of    the    nominees    shall 
just  'feed  accordin  to  the  rules.'  early  hold  the  office, 
often  and  always.  Send  all  votes  to 

"There  aint  no  such  thing  as  'o^Aer-  N.  E.  FRANCE, 

stocking'  so  long  as  sugar  holds  out.  Plattevilfe,   Wisconsin. 

'If  this  be  treason,  make  the  most  of  — 

It.      A-h-h-h-h-h."  NOTICE  TO  FOREIGN  P.ITRONS. 

"  Fort  Pierce,  Florida,  Is  not  a  foreign 

NATIONAL  BEE-KEEPERS'  AS-       money  order  office,  hence  orders  drawn 

SOCIATION  upon    this    office    cannot     be    cashed. 

_____"  ■  Please  make  all  such  orders  payable  at 

Officers  to  be  Nominated  in  Advance  of  *'^*^  -Tamestown,  N.  Y.,  postoffice,  to  the 

Election  order  of  the  American  Bee-Keeper  or 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  Companv. 

One  of  the  latest  amendments  to  the  

constitution  of  the  National  Bee-Kee])-  Mr.  S.  T.  Pettit,  of  Canada,  it  is  said, 
ers'  Association  provides  that  the  tests  the  atmosphere  for  humiditv  by 
Board  of  Directors  may  "prescribe  placing  a  i)inch  of  salt  on  a  board  in 
equitable  rules  and  regulations  gov-  the  extracting  room.  If  the  salt  at- 
erning  the  nomination  for  the  several  tracts  moisture  from  the  air,  extracting 
officers,"  and  the  Board  has  just  decid-  is  deferred  until  It  becomes  dry,  thus 
ed  that  the  General  Manager  shall,  in  showing  that  conditions  are  safe  for 
August,  publish  in  the  bee  journals  a  handling  honey.  Owing  to  the  well- 
call  for  a  postal  card  vote  of  the  mem-  known  affinit.v'  of  honey  for  moisture, 
bers  of  the  Associati.m  for  the  nomi-  such  a  precaution,  and  the  means  are 
nation  of  candidates  for  the  several  all  right.  This  is  a  point,  however,  in 
offices  (stating  the  offices)  to  ))e  filled  which  "locality"  figures  to  the  most 
at  the  next  election.  On  October  1st  extreme  extent.  It  is  probably  a  pra- 
the  General  Manager  and  one  other  lical  plan  in  some  certain  localities,  but 
disinterested  member  chosen  annually  during  a  great  part  of  the  year  in  the 
by  the  Board  of  Directors,  shall  count  arid  West,  every  particle  of  moisture 
the  votes,  and  the  two  men  receiving  would  be  .?oon  tjiken  from  the  salt  and 
the  greatest  number  of  votes  for  each  it  would  remain  perfectly  dry.  except- 
respective  office  are  to  be  candidates  ing  at  night.  On  the  othtn-  hand,  if  one 
for  said  office;  the  names  of  the  nom-  were  to  be  guided  In-  the  condition  of 
inees  and  the  officers  for  which  they  the  salt  in  South  Florida,  he  would 
are  nominated  to  be  published,  AT  probably  have  to  wait  for  mouths  for  it 
ONCE,  in  the  bee  journals.  to  become  drv. 


►  ♦»♦♦♦♦  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦ 


THE 


Bee « Keeping  World 


staff  Contributors  :    F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ. 

Contributions  to  this  Department  are  solicited  from  all  quarters  of  the  earth. 


BRAZIL. 

Uiulei'  the  initials  .J.  v.  B.,  ;i  (lesc-rip- 
tioii  of  ail  ant,  very  hostile  to  the  hon- 
i*y  bee,  is  given  in  the  Bienen-Vater. 
The  ant  is  small,  hiiii-dly  one  centimeter 
in  length,  reddish  in  color,  and  very 
strong.  t:'he  lives  in  hollow  and  de- 
cayed logs,  and  trees,  nnder  stones  and 
other  hiding  places.  Attacks  on  bees 
are  made  only  dnring  the  night.  The 
first  colony,  the  writer  says,  he  had 
was  completely  destroyed  the  first 
night.  Colonies  i>nrchased  afterward 
were  placed  on  cement  foundations 
and  surrounded  by  water.  But  even 
this  did  not  always  prove  effectual. 
Sometimes  a  palm  leaf  would  drop 
from  overhead  touching  a  hive  at  some 
point  and  thus  form  a  convenient 
kc'idge  for  the  robber  ants;  or  a  blade 
of  grass  would  find  a  lodging  place  in 
the  water  some  way  as  to  form  a 
bridge  etc.,  etc.  The  ants  would  al- 
ways be  very  quick  to  take  advantage 
of  any  such  accident.  The  first  ant 
Avhich  succeeds  and  reaches  the  hive 
entrance  returns  to  its  home  and 
spreadsthe  news  and  an  army  of  ants 
at  once  starts  out.  A  short  battle  is 
fought  at  the  entrance.  It  fequires 
two  bees  to  kill  one  ant  and  they  have 
to  make  the  atLick  together,  one  from 
the  rear,  the  other  from  the  front,  and 
even  then  one  of  the  bees  generally 
loses  its  life  in  the  battle.  If  the  ant 
colony  is  a  populous  one.  and  they  vnn 
fall  upon  a  lie^  colony  with  an  ai'niy 
from  ().0(l()  to  20,()()()  strong,  the  swarm 
is  soon  whipped  out.  At  first  the  bees 
fight  like  tigers,  but  after  a  while  they 
become  discouraged  and  then  only  tiy 
to  fill  themselves  witli  honey.  The 
ants,  however,  are  not  satisfied  to  take 
possession  of  the  stores,  their  aim  also 
is  to  kill  or  so  mutilate  all  the  bees  as 
to  make  them  useless  for  the  future. 
They  do  this  by  cutting  off  their  wings 
and  then  dragging  them  out  of  the 
hives.  A  strong  ant  colony  often 
cleans  out  a  hive  in  one  night  com- 
pletely, bees,  honey  and  brood.  The 
writer  of  the  article  says  that  he  has 


seen  armies  of  ants  sevtcal  millions 
strong  and  that  he  has  not  found  a 
practical  method  to  destroy  them. 


RUSSIA. 
A  peculiar  method  of  migratory  bee- 
keeping is  practiced  in  Russia  on  the 
larger  rivers  flowing  south,  according 
to  the  Rhein.  Btzg.  Large  log  rafts 
are  constructed  and  covered  with  soil 
upon  which  some  gardening  is  done. 
An  apiary  is  located  upon  it  and  the 
attendants  put  up  a  tent  for  their  shel- 
ter. I  surmise  the  moving  is  done 
nights,  rests  are  taken  during  daytime. 
The  rafts  are  floated  down  the  rivers 
during  the  season.  The  final  stop  is 
made  at  the  end  of  the  season  in  a  sec- 
tion of  the  country  whose  timbe*r  is 
scarce.  The  rafts  are  taken  apart  and 
the  timbers  sold.  Bees  and  honey  are 
disposed  of  and  the  attendants  make 
their  way  homeward  by  rail  or  steam- 
boat. 


ENGLAND  AND  IRELAND. 
The  British  Bee  Journal  reports 
heavy  winter  losses  throughout  the 
Empire.  Never  before  have  bee-keep- 
ers had  so  many  weak  colonies  in  the 
spring. 


GERMANY. 

A  good,  honey  crop  is  reported  from 
many  places  in  Germany.  The  win- 
ter iKis  been  mild  and  the  spring  early. 


Fcft-  years  I  have  had  a  feeling  that 
the  writings  of  the  American  Bee-Mas- 
ters did  not  receive  consideration 
of  the  German  bee-keepers  as  they 
should.  The  editor  of  Gleanings  has 
of  late  expressed  a  similar  opinion  in 
his  .lournal  wliic-h  induces  Pfr.  Buch- 
holz  to  niiiJve  the  following  reply  in 
Deutsche  Bienenzucht:  It  is  an  undis- 
putable  fact  that  we  in  Germany  may 
learn  a  good  d«kal  from  the  Amen-ican- 
bee-keepers;  but  when  all  one's  knowl- 
edge of  a  foreign  people  is  based  upon 
translations,    misconceptions   often   re- 


192 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


September, 


suit.  The  masses,  of  course,  are  de- 
pending upon  the  transhitions  for  then- 
information."  As  a  matter  of  fact,  he 
— Buchholz — practices  American  meth- 
ods in  reafinu'  queens  and  rears  fine 
queens. 


To  improve  the  bee-pasturage  the 
bee-keepers  of  a  certain  district  haye 
put  the  following  plan  in  opera- 
tion: Each  bee-keeper  pays  five  cents 
for  every  colony  owned  into  a  com- 
mon fund.  The  money  is  used  in  pur- 
chasing phacelia-seed  which  is  distrib- 
uted gratis  to  such  bee-keepers  and 
farmers  who  will  agree  to  sow  the  seed 
upon  their  lands  within  reach  of  the 
bees.  A  part  of  the  money  raised  has 
been  used  for  planting  out  Avillow 
ti'ees. 


AUSTRIA. 
It  may  be  noticed  that  a  great  deal 
more  artistic  taste  is  exhibited  in  the 
construction  of  bee  hives  in  p:ngland, 
Germany,  etc.,  than  is  customary  in 
America.  In  Carniola.  a  province  of 
Austria,  it  is  an  old  time  custom  to 
decorate  hives  very  fancifully.  Scenes 
from  Biblical  history  are  ve"y  com- 
monly represented  in  fancy  colors  upon 
the  fronts  of  hives,  also  historical  facts 
as  relating  to  the  history  of  the  coun- 
try. The  common  customs  of  the  peo- 
ple receive  attention  also,  and  the 
humorous  side  is  frequently  brought 
out  in  a  striking  manner.  Some  of  the 
oldcf  pieces  are  real  pieces  of  art  well 
worth  preserving.  Professor  Benton 
was  showing  such  a  one  at  a  bee-keep- 
ers" meeting  a  year  or  two  ago.  The 
Americans  always  have  and  do  yet 
push  the  practical  side  of  the  business 
only.  Their  hives  are  mmle  simple  and 
most  convenient  to  handle. 


SWITZERLAND. 

The  '"Societe  des  Apiculteurs 
Suisses"  has  just  pulilished  its  annual 
report  covering  the  work  done  du-ing 
last  year  at  its  diflPerent  stations.  The 
report  is  well  printed,  with  maps,  en- 
gravings, half-tones,  etc.  .\mong  the 
advices  and  other  items  given,  the  etl- 
itor  of  the  Rucher  Beige  has  translated 
the  following: 

Avoid  air  currents  striking  the  en- 
trances of  the  hives.  The  nearest  bees, 
the  ones  on  the  outside  of  the  clusters, 
are  sometimes  chilled  and  being  un- 
able to  move  to  a  warmer  place,  fall  to 
the  bottom  of  the  hive  and  die.  Ac- 
cording to  some  of  the  reports  the  loss 
may  be  much  greater  than  usually  sup- 


posed. Some  protection  should  be  pro- 
vided, (in  Europe  the  bees  are  win- 
tered out  of  doors.) 

2.  Avoid  disturbing  them.  A  knock 
on  the  hive  will  bring  out  a  dozen  or 
more  bees  which  get  chilled  and  are 
unable  to  return.  Even  if  they  do  not 
actually  come  out  of  the  hive  they 
leave  the  cluster,  and  are  chilled  be- 
fore regaining  their  place. 

o.~  The  minimum  consumption  of 
honey  for  the  months  of  November, 
Deeembtc  and  .lanuary  was  five  and 
one-half  pounds.  For  Feltruary  and' 
March  seven  and  one  half  pounds.  For 
the  five  months  13  pounds.  The  larger 
quantity  during  the  last  two  months 
is  due  to  brood  rearing.  One  colony 
went  through  with  only  a  little  less 
than  eight  pounds  while  another  con- 
sumed  nearly  22  pounds. 

4.  It  is  best  not  to  visit  the  hives 
when  the  bees  make  their  first  flying 
out.     They  are  apt  to  ball  the  (lueeu. 

^h  Early  in  the  spring  the  bees  con- 
sume whatever  is  left  of  their  winter 
stores  and  raise  a  considerable  amount 
of  brood.  These  stores  are  soon  used 
up,  and  when  IJiey  are,  the  bees  de- 
p;nid  iipon  what  they  gather  to  raise 
brood.  As  the  bad  weather  often  in- 
terferes with  the  gathering.the  amount 
of  brood  is  necessarily  curtailed  in  pro- 
I)ortion  (unless  the  apiarist  feeds),  and 
when  the  flow  comes,  there  is  not  the 
population  to  gather  it.  that  otherwise 
would  have  been. 

G.  Honey  is  better  than  sugar  for 
spring  feeding.  Probably  because  it 
contains  .some  pollen.  The  provision  of 
pollen,  like  that  of  honey,  may  be  too 
short. 

7.  Have  none  but  strong  colonies. 
A  good  way  to  strengthen  a  weak  col- 
ony is  to  add  a  swarm  to  it.  keeping 
the  queen  of  the  swarm  rather  than 
that  of  the  colony.  Very  often  the 
weakness  of  a  colony  is  due  to  the  un- 
prolificness   of   the  queen. 

8.  "Many  swarms,  little  surplus." 
A  proof  of  this  was  seen  at  the  Alt- 
staetten  station.  Two  colonies  of  equal 
force  had  worked  etpially  well  up  to 
the  time  of  swarming.  The  colony  A 
swarmed;  colon.v  B  didn't.  Here  is 
what  surplus  they  produced  during  the 
three  months: 

May     June     July     Total 

Colony  A 17  11-3    3  211-3 

Colony  B 5.i  2-3    3  1-2    4  1-2    63  2-3 

The  swarming  of  A  occurred  in  the 
middle  of  the  main  surplus  flow  which  j 
that  year    was   of  rather   short  dura 
tion. 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


193 


9.  The  report  lias  a  chiirt  in  eulcn's 
showing  the  amount  of  nectar  brouglit 
daily  bj'  several  colonies  on  scales,  and 
also  the  amounts  consumed,  taken  out. 

The  best  colony  of  the  29  stations 
gave  a  surplus  of  122  pounds.  During 
only  21  days,  the  daily  amount  brought 
in  amounted  to  four  pounds  or  over. 
The  remainder  of  the  season  it  was 
much  lower. 

Another  colony  on  scales  gave  only 
33  pounds  of  surplus.  Dut'ing  only  lu 
days  the  daily  amount  brought  in  (as 
sliown  by  the  sea  lei  reached  between 
two  and  three  pounds.  All  this  shows 
how  few  are  the  days  during  which 
the  bees  can  gather  large  amounts  of 
nectar,  and  how  necessary  it  is  to 
have  the  strongest  possible  colonies 
Avhen  such  days  happen. 

10.  The  atmospheric  electricity  has 
an  influence  on  tlie  jiroduction  of  the 
nectar.  During  the  stofmy  or  threat- 
ening days,  the  positive  electricity  of 
the  atmosphere  is  constantly  passing 
in  the  ground  and  accelerates  the 
movement  of  the  sap,  the  growth  of 
the  plants  and  the  other  features  of 
vegetation.  If,  now,  tlie  ground  is  rich 
and  sufficiently  wet,  the  production  of 
nectar  will  be  increased.  If  the  op- 
posite conditions  prevail,  the  flow  of 
nectac  will  be  diminished.  Sometimes 
in  dry  weather,  a  stormy  condition  of 
the  atmosphere  can  cut  ofE  the  flow 
entirely.  That  this  double  action  ex- 
ists has  been  shown  by  sulimittlng 
plants  cultivated  in  pots  to  an  electric 
current. 

11.  To  cufe  foul  brood,  it  is  recom- 
mended to  take  away  the  combs,  shut 
the  bees  in  a  box  without  food  during 
two  days  and  return  them  after  hav- 
ing disinfected  the  hive  thoroughly.  If 
tlie  apiary  has  been  badly  diseased,  the 
advice  is  given  to  move  it  elsewhere. 
Weak  colonies  should  be  united. 

12.  In  most  localities  (in  Switzer- 
land) the  main  honey  flow  is  during 
the  last  half  of  May. 

In  one  of  the  bulletins  of  the  Suisse 
Romande  Society  is  an  interesting 
work  on  lioney,  by  Prof.  F.  Seller.  The 
only  part  really  new  is  on  the  produc- 
tion of  the  different  kinds  of  honey 
dew.    Here  is  what  he  says: 

"The  bees  also  gather  honey  dew 
chiefly  at  the  base  of  the  leaf  stems. 
The  honey  from  that  source  is  of  a 
greenish-brown  colcf,  very  thick,  and 
of  a  peculiar  strong  taste.  It  is  not  ob- 
tained every  ,vear.  It  is  found  on  fruit 
trees  only  when  the  crop  of  fruit  will 
be  absent  or  very  short.     This  honey 


dew  is  formed  )iy  tlie  materials  which 
ouglit  to  liave  fiUed  the  fruits,  ^^■hen 
tliere  is  no  ffuit  to  till,  these  materials 
exude  chiefly  at  the  base  of  tlie  leaf 
stems.  The.v  contain  a  small  i^rojtor- 
tion  of  sugar,  but  are  chiefly  formed  of 
dextrine.  The  dextrine  is  a  gum  verj' 
similar,  cliemically  speaking,  to  the 
different  fruit  sugars.  The  bees  gather 
it  and  transform  it  into  honey  in  the 
same  manner  in  wliicli  tliey  transform 
tlie  nectar  of  tlie  blossoms.  However, 
the  transformation  is  not  complete. 
A  portion  of  it  remains  unchanged,  and 
it  is  that  portion  which  gives  the  hon- 
ey dew  its  particular  consistency." — 
Le  Rucher  Beige. 


FRANCE. 
A  discussion  on  the  use  of  colonies 
on  scales,  and  the  meaning  of  the  fig- 
ures in  regard  to  the  evaporation  of 
nectar,  consumption  of  the  bees  for 
living,  ixoducing  wax,  raising  brood, 
etc.,  is  going  on  in  the  Apiculteur  be- 
tween Messrs.  Sylviac  and  Boris 
Spoerer.  The  whole  thing  does  not 
seem  very  clear  except  one  point.  Up 
to  this  day  it  has  l>een  admitted  that 
the  amount  of  nectar  gathered  by  the 
bees  amounts  to  the  difference  in 
weight  of  the  hive  between  early  in 
the  morning  and  late  at  night.  But  it 
is  more  than  that.  The  honey  or  nee- 
tar  evaporates  during  the  day  as  well 
as  dux'ing  the  night;  the  bees  eat,  se- 
crete wax  and  feed  the  brood  as  well 
during  the  day  as  during  the  night. 
So  the  difference  in  weight  between 
morning  and  niglit  does  not  show  the 
whole  amount  lirought  in.  but  only 
that  amount  less  what  is  consumed  or 
evaporated.  Now  suppose  a  hive 
weighs  40  pounds  in  the  morning  and 
.")0  in  the  evening  and  45  the  next 
morning.  Five  pounds  will  have  been 
consumed  and  evaporated  dtiring  the 
night.  Certainly  something  like  five 
pounds  must  also  have  been  used  up 
during  the  day.  So  the  l>ees  must 
have  lirought  in  not  only  the  10  pounds 
shown  by  the  scale  (the  difference  be- 
tween .">0  and  40)  but  also  five  pounds 
consumed  ducing  the  day,  that  is  15 
pounds  in  all. — L'Apiculteur. 


To  prepare  l>arrels  for  honey  Mr. 
Bourgeois  gives  the  following:  Use 
barrels  with  iron  hoops.  Thoroughly 
dry  them  in  tlie  sun  before  using. 
Drive  the  iiooiis  as  tight  as  possible 
and  put  in  a  few  nails  to  keep  them 
from  slipping.  Coat  the  inside  with 
glue  or  gelatin. — L'Apiculteur. 


194 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


September, 


Remember  the  bis  National  conven- 
tion at  St.  Louis,  the  27 th  to  30th  of 
tliis  month,  in  Endeavor  hotel  near 
south  entrance  to  fair  grounds. 


PUBLISHED  MONTHLY. 


Mr.    Leo    F.    Hanegan,   the   hustling 
general  manager  of  the  St.  Croix  Val- 
ley   (Wis.)    Honey   Prodiicer's  Associa- 
tion,' is  endeavoring   to  arrange  for  a 
THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MANFG.  Co,  tourist  ear  and  bee^-keepers  enough  to 
PROPRIETORS.  fill  it,  from  St.  Paul  to  the  St.   LouLs 

H.  E.  HILL,        -        EDITOR,  couventlon. 

FORT  PIERCE,  FLA.  ■ 

•  Comb    honey    producers    who     tind 

Terms.  Cuban  competition  an  obstacle  in    the 

o^nt!*^'?''^"**-'^  ^*i%A '"i?*^'''",''*''  -  ''^P'"  ^-^  ^'^■a.v    of    successful    future    operations 

cents.    3    copies    $1.20;    all    to    be    sent    to    one         •  \  t.  a    ^   -i.      i    •      i  i      4.  .t  +i     • 

postoffice.     ^       ^      '  ^  '■'^  ""^   might  iind  it  advisable  to  convert  their 

Postage  prepaid  in  the  United  States  and  holdings  into  cash  and  join  the  ranks 
Canada;  10  cents  extra  to  all  countries  in  the  of  the  speculators  at  Havana.  Buv  it 
postal   union,   and   20   cents    extra   to   all   other    •       ^i  i       i  ^.i 

countries.  u^  tli6  comb  cheaper  than  we  can  pro- 

Advertising  Rates.  duce  it,  with  no  winter  losses  or  foul 

Fifteen    cents    per    line,    9    words;    $2.00    per  brood   tO  Contend  with. 

inch.     Five    per    cent,    discount    for    two    inser-  

tions;    seven    per    cent,    for    three    insertions;  Brother    Adelsbnuo-h    of  the  Western 

twenty   per   cent,    for   twelve   insertions.  cioiuei    .^uetsuaugu,  or   nie    \\  l  hceili 

Advertisements  must  be  received  on  or  be-    Bee  Journal  proves  to  be  a  veritable 

fore   the   15th    of   each    month   to    insure   inser-  shark  in  the  iournalistlc  swini.  Not  COll- 

tion  in  the  month  followine.  .       .         ..i     ,   "      ^^■         .,        n      -i.       ..^j.    ^ 

Matters     relating     in    any    way    to    business  **'"*    With    handling    the    PacitlC    States 

should  invariably  be  addressed  to  Bee  .Journal,  he  swallowed  the   Kiicky 

THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER,    ^  Mountain    Bee  Journal    a   few   months 

Articles  for  publication  or  leUers  ^cb,'   ^'  =^-»'  '^"^1   "^W  lias  taken  in   the  South- 

for  the  editorial  department  may  be  addressed  h\nd    Queeu,    Of   Texas.      So    far   as   OUr 

*o  H.  E.  HILL,  knowledge  goes,  he  now  has  a   corner 

Subscribers    receiving    their"'' pa^jer"in  ^'blue  ""  western  bee  journals.   SuCCeSS  to  lliS 

w_rapper  will   know   that  their   subscription   ex-  enterprise. 

pires    with    this    number.     We    hope    that    you  

will  not  delay  favoring  us  with  a  renewal.  „,.      ^,      , ,        .  .       ,  ^, 

A   red   wrapper  on  your  paper  inaicates   that  W.     Iv.    MoiTlSOn.    lU    la,st    Gleanings 

you  owe  for  your  subscription.    Please   give  corroborates  his  former  Statement  that 
the  matter  your  earliest  attention.  America  has  nothing  to  fear  from  for- 

eign competition,  and  Editor  Root  con- 
curs. A  letter  from  an  Indianapolis 
dealer  dated  August  16,  concludes; 
"Comb  honey  situation  very  much  de- 
moralized here  on  account  of  a  lot  of 
Cuban  honey  which  sells  at  eleven  and 
three-fourths  cents."  The  'future" 
may  be  all  right — we  don't  know  as  to 
that — but  heaven  knows  the  ])reseiit  is 
bad  enough,  from  the  standpoint  of  the 
American  honey  producer. 


Adultoration  is  a  universal  evil, 
with  which  the  producer  of  all  lands 
has  to  contend. 


As  a  result  of  the  persistent  visits 
of  Deacon  Hard.scrabble  and  the  bat- 
tery of  cameras  which  have  been  setfor 
him  for  some  weeks,  our  readers  are 
this  month  given  a  glimps-e  of  our 
private  sanctum  and  the  fountain  head 
from  which  this  department  of  Tlie 
Bee-Keeper  emanates. 


Tlie  bee-keeper  who  extracts  green, 
raw  honey  for  the  market  is  a  foe  no 
less  to  be  dreaded  than  the  adulterator. 
Seeking  a  personal  gain  in  quantity,  a 
victim  of  his  own  ignorance,  he  deals 
himself  the  hardesr  blow;  for  while  his 
own  crop  is  not  perceptibly  increased, 
the  quality  i.s  such  as  to  preclude  a  sec- 
ond .sale  to  a  customer;  and  the  ten- 
dency is  to  disgust  those  who  might 
otherwise  become  habitual  users  of  our 
product. 


1904 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPEK. 


195 


H.  C.  (MOREHOUSE  DEAD. 

While  the  forms  for  the  August  Bee- 
Keeper  were  on  the  press,  the  follow- 
ing- announcement  was  received: 

Boulder,    Colorado,  July  26,  1904. 
Editor  American  Bee-Keeper: 

I  am  pained  to  have  to  report  to  you 
the  death  of  our  mutual  friend.  Harry 
Clinton  Morehouse,  editor  of  the 
"Rocky  Mountain  Bee  Journal"  former- 
ly of  this  city.  Deatli  occured  Sunday 
morning  at  3:30  after  an  eight  day's 
illness;  cause,  appendicitis.  He  was  a 
very  prominent  man  in  this  city,  espe- 
cially in  his  business  among  bee-keep- 
ers. He  leaves  a  young  wife  and  son 
fifteen  months  old.  together  with  a  wid- 
owed mother.  I  am  reporting  this  by 
request  of  the  wife,  being  a  long  time 
friend  of  the  family. 

Respectfullj'. 

Leo  Vincent. 


HARRY    CLINTON    MOREHOUSE. 


Thus  we  have  to  chronicle  the  demise 
of  one  of  the  most  promising  and  dis- 
tinguished of  the  younger  members  of 
tlie  apiarian  craft.  Mr.  Morehouse 
Avas  35  years  of  age  and  was  until  re- 
cently the  editor  and  publisher  of  the 
Rocky  Mountain  Bee  Journal,  one  of 
the  most  ably  edited  journals  of 
America.  The  fi*aternity  has  sustain- 
ed a  great  loss  through  his  death, 
which  comes  as  a  severe  shock  to  his 
host  of  friends  and  admirers  from 
ocean  to  ocean. 

The  American  Bee-Keeper  extends 
assurances  of  its  condolence  with  the 
liereaved  family. 

Through  the  courtesy  of  the  Bee- 
Keepers'  Review  we  present  herewith 
a  portrait  of  our  dejiarted  brother. 


BEES,    OUR   THEME. 

The  fact,  long  established  and  un- 
questioned, that  the  bee  keeping  fra- 
ternity is  composed  A^ery  largely  of 
broad-minded,  deeji-thinking,  liberal 
and  courteous  genilomen,  is,  we  are 
sure,  well  founded.  It  is  not  so  very  re- 
cently, however,  that  we  made  the  dis- 
covery that  there  are  some  who  are 
just  the  least  bit  peculiar.  Though 
the  ratio  is,  undoubetedly,  low,  the 
writer  is  not  so  sure  that  we  haven't  a 
slight  sprinkling  of  cranks  whose  hob- 
bies run  counter  and  ci'iss-cro,ss,  in 
divers  ways.  Puobably  there  is  no 
other  point  at  which  these  freak  no- 
tions and  pet  hobbies  collide  so 
frequently  as  in  the  sanctum  of  the 
editor  of  a  bee  journal. 

Evei-y  enthusiafit,  or  nearly  so. 
craves  publicity  for  the  theories  and 
notions  which  he  ,so  tenaciously 
adheres  to.  May  be  they  are  sacred 
truths;  that's  not  for  us  to  determine, 
unless  the  subject  relates  directly  to 
bees  or  bee  culture.  This  journal  cuts 
out  "kindred  topics."  "home  de- 
liartments,"  and  all  other  side-shows. 
^Ye  are  running  a  bee  journal,  solely 
and  exclusively;  and  yet  certain  cor- 
respondents think  unkindly  of  us  be- 
cause political  convictions  which 
weigh  heavily  upon  their  minds  are 
not  found  available.  Another  who 
takes  a  deep  interest  in  religious  work 
persists  in  infusing  his  personal  beliefs 
and  deductions  into_  his  contributions 
to  a  bee  paper,  and  calls  us  narrow- 
minded  because  our  mission  is  not 
tlie  promulgation  or  I'eligious  doctrine. 
Then,  there's  the  fellow  who  can't 
write  a  paragraph  without  straining 
himself  to  deliver  a  thrust  at  those  who 
have  espoused  Christianity,  and  min- 
gles his  bee  talk  with  sneers  and  belit- 
tling insinuations;  and  then  he  is  mad 
clear  through  because  it  does  not  ap- 
pear in  print  in  The  Bee-Keeper.  He 
then  feels  it  his  duty  to  enlighten  the 
editor,  at  great  length,  upon  the  subject 
of  journalistic  ethics,  and  particularly 
to  define  the  limit  of  the  editorial 
prerogative.  In  fact,  to  fully  explain 
why  it  is  that  The  Bee-Keeper  is  not 
more  important  and  more  widely  cir- 
culated. The  "reason"  is,  of  course, 
because  we  don't  know  how  to  run  a 
paper  and  haven't  sense  enough  to  ab- 
sorb the  excellent  ad-\ice  of  our  emi- 
nently competent  correspondent. 

Now,  we  had  no  intention  of  taking  so 
much  space  to  speak  of  this  matter; 


196  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  September, 

but  iu  as  mucb  as  we  are  all  concerned         WHERE  THEY  GET  ORANGE 
in    tbe    subject    matter    of    The    Bee-  BLOOM  HONEY. 

Keeper,  it  may  be  well  to  exhaust  the  

question  before  concluding,  which  may        The  following  is  from  the  Bee-Keep- 
be  briefly  done:  ers'  Review  for  August:     "Pure  orange 

Every  publication  has  its  peculiar  bloom  honey  is  something  secured  in 
style — its  likes  and  dislikes.  Our  large  quantities;  so  writes  Mr.  Frank 
preference,  first,  last  and  all  the  time,  McNay,  of  Redlands,  California.  He 
is  for  articles  the  publication  of  which  says  that  near  the  coast,  in  California, 
will  interest  or  instruct  bee-keepers,  the  weather  is  seldom  suitable  (too 
separate  and  apart  from  all  "home,"  cool)  when  orange  blooms  to  seciu-e 
religious,  political,  medical  or  other  much  surplus  from  that  source,  b'lt, 
foreign  sub.iects.  We  want  to  discuss  farther  inland,  at  Redlands,  for  in- 
bees.  We  are  always  in  need  of  good  stance,  which  is  SO  miles  from  the 
articles  of  this  kind;  but  if  the  reader  coast,  the  weather  is  warmer  when  the 
has  some  personal  grudge  which  he  orange  is  in  bloom,  and  beelveepers  se- 
seeks  to  proclaim  indirectly,  concealed  cure  not  only  barrels,  but  tons  and  ear- 
in  an  article  purporting  to  deal  with  loads  of  pure  orange  bloom  honey." 
any  apiarian  question,  send  it  to  some  Yet  we  have  said,  and  repeat,  that 
othfer  journal.      We  don't  Avant  it.  but  once  in  our  life  have  we  been  per- 

We  have  recently  been  forbidden  to  mitted  to  taste  what  was  said  to  be 
edit  the  copy  of  a  correspondent,  for  pure  orange  blossom  honey.  And  this 
the  reason  that  unnecessary  and  un-  "once"  was  in  a  grocery  store  in  Red- 
charitable  rleference  to  those  who  lands,  California,  where  it  was  on  ex- 
adhere  to  the  Christian  faith  was  cut  hibition  as  a  novelty,  in  a  two-quart 
out,  in  a  former  article.  It  is  our  jar,  conspicuously  labeled.  That  was 
most  earnest  endeavor  to  treat  every  in  1891,  at  which  time  the  writer  was 
correspondent  in  a  fair  and  courteous  engaged  in  the  apiaries  of  Messrs. 
manner;  but  it  must  be  emphatically  Wheeler  &  Hunt,  embracing  something 
and  specifically  understood  that  if  cor-  like  2000  colonies  of  bees,  nearly  200  of 
respondents  do  not  wish  the  editor  to  which  were  within  the  corporate  limits 
take  such  liberties  with  their  copy,  of  Redlands,  surrounded  by  gi'oves  in 
they  themselves  should  cut  out  all  such  full  bloom.  Still  other  hundreds  were 
lines  before  mailing  it.  situated      near      Riverside.         Several 

It  is  by  no  means  necessary  that  cars  of  honey  were  loaded  at  Colton 
matter  for  publication  should  be  in  ac-  and  San  Bernardino  under  the  writer's 
cord  with  the  editor's  personal  ideas;  direction;  but,  be  it  known,  they  were 
but  so  far  as  petty  "scraps"  and  re-  not  loaded  with  orange  bloom  honey. 
Jigious  references  are  concerneiV,  iil  Conditions  may  be  different  now,  and 
must  pass  his  scrutiny.  We  are  not  in  Mr.  McNay  probably  knows  whereof  he 
the  business  to  insult  one  patron  simp-  speaks;  but  the  fact  remains  that  the 
ly  to  gratify  another,  nor,  indeed,  to  writer  does  not  believe  that  he  has  ever 
gratify  any  cheque.  seen   enough   honey    from   the   orange 

One     bee-keepers'    society    officially  bloom  to  fill  a  sixty-pound  tin  can. 

notifies  this  office  that  unless  we  see  fit  

to  publish  any  matter  entirely  as  siib-  WESTERN  ILLINOIS  CONVENTION. 

mitted,  we  must  ignore  it,  and  make  no  ■ 

comment.      This  is  a  most  absurd  idea.        The   Western    Illinois    Bee-Keepers' 
Infoi-mation  relating  to  public  matters  Convention  will  meet  Sept.  20th  at  the 
which  affects  our  pursuit,  and  through  courthouse    in    Galesburg,    Ills.     Con- 
public  channels  received,   we  presume  vention  will   begin  at  9  o'clock  a.  m. 
may  be  freely  discussed  by  individuals  All  who  are  interested  in  bees  or  bee- 
or  the  press.     An  organization  which  keeping  are  cordially  invited  to  attend, 
seeks  to  throttle  free  speech,   or  one  whether  members  or  not. 
which    assays    to    bulldoze    the    trade                                    E.  D.  Woods,  Sec. 
press   should   remove   its   quarters    to                                  J.  E.  Johnson,  Pres. 
other  than  American  soil.  

The  extreme  importance  of  unity  in  In  competition  with  an  official  trade 
our  fraternal  ranks  at  the  present  mark  or  seal  of  the  National  Bee-Keep- 
t'me  should  overshadow  petty  squab-  ers'  Association,  the  adulterator  would 
bles.  The  situation  demands  seiious  find  his  nefarious  trade  less  lucrative 
unprejudiced  thought  and  consistent  than  at  present;  and  his  loss  would  be 
action.  the  gain  of  the  honest  producer  of  pure 


ONE-HALF  INCH  SPACE  ONE  YEAR  ON  THIS  PAGE,  $3.00. 


HE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO.,  MEDlisA,   OHIO. 
Breeders   of   Italian  bees   and  queens. 


^  UEENS  from  Jamaica  any  day  in  the 
<  year  Untested,  66c.;  tested,  $1.00;  se- 
;ct  tested,  $1.50.  Our  queens  are  reared  from 
le  very  finest  strains.  Geo.  W.  Phillips,  Sav- 
a-Mar  P  O.,  Jamaica,  W.  I.  (5-5) 


AWRENCE    C.    MILLER,  BOX    1113     PROVI- 
DENCE, R.  I.,   is  tilling  orders  for  the  popu- 
ir,  hardy,   honey-getting    Providence   strain  of 
;ueens.    Write  for  free  information. 


H.  W.  WEBER,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO 
->•  (Cor.  Central  and  Freeman  Aves.) 
lolden  yellow.  Red  Clover  and  Carniolan 
ueens,  bred  from  select  mothers  in  separate 
piaries. 


OHN  M.  DAVIS,  SPRING  HILL,  TENN. 

sends  out  the  choicest  3-banded  and  gold 

1    Italian    queens    that    skill    and    experience 

an    prodluce.      Satisfaction     guaranteed.       No 

'isease. 


^  UIRIN,  the  Queen  Breeder,  has  an  ex- 
<!  ceptionally  hardy  strain  of  Italian  bees; 
ley  wintered  on  their  summer  stands  within 
few  miles  of  bleak  Lake  Erie.  Send  for 
ree  Circular.     Bellevue,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


\J  J.  DAVIS,  1st,  YOUNGPVILLE,  PA.,  breed- 
'  *  er  of  Choice  Italian  Bees  and  Queens, 
uality,  not  quantity,  is  my  motto. 


o  WARTHMORE  APIARIES,  SWARTH- 
v-5  MORE,  PA.  Our  bees  and  queens  are 
the  brightest  Italians  procurable.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed.  Correspondence  in  English, 
French,  German  and  Spanish.  Shipments  to 
all  parts  of  the  world. 


A  RE  YOU  LOOKING  FOR  QUEENS?  If  so  I 
can  furnish  you  queens  of  the  following  races 
by  return  mail :  Three-  and  flve-banded  Italians, 
Cyprians,  Holy  Lands,  Carniolans  and  Albinos. 
Untested  of  either  race,  75c  each;  select  untested, 
$1.00  each;  six  for  $1.00:  twelve  for  $8.00;  tested, 
of  either  race,  $2.00  each;  six  for  $10.00;  one  dozen 
$18.00;  Breeders,  $4. -50  each.  Safe  arrival  guar- 
anteed.    B.  H.  Stanley,  Beeville,  Texas     Aug  5 


QUEEN  BEES  are  now  ready  to  mail. 
Golden  Italians,  Red  Clover  three-banded 
queens  and  Carniolans.  We  guarantee  salt 
arrival.  The  Fred  W.  Muth  Co.,  51  Walnut 
St.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


w. 


Z.   HUTCHINSON,   FLINT,  MiCH. 
Superior     stock     queens,     $1.50     each; 
queen  and   Bee-Keepers'   Review   one  year  for 
only  $2.00. 


IVA  OORE'S  LONG-TONGUED  STRAIN 
of  Italians  become  more  and  more  popu- 
lar each  year.  Those  who  have  tested  them 
know  why.  Descriptive  circular  free  to  all. 
Write  J.  P.  Moore,  L.  Box  1,  Morgan,  Ky.     4 


pUNIC  BEES.  All  other  races  are  dis- 
^  carded  after  trial  of  these  wonderful  bees. 
Particulars  post  free.  John  Hewitt  «&  Co., 
Sheffield,  England.  4 


HONEY  QUEENS  AND  BEES  for  sale.      I  ex- 
tracted 300  pounds  per  colony  in  1903.    Thos. 
Worthington,  Leota,  Miss.  Aug.  5 


I 


HONEY  DEALERS^  PIRECTORyI 


^" Under  this  heading  will  be  inserted,  for  reliable  dealers,  two  lines  one 
year  for  $1.25.  Additional  words,  12c  a  word.  No  announcement  can 
be  accepted  for  less  than  one  year  at  these  rates._^gt 


OHIO. 


C.  H.  W.  WEBER,  Freeman  and  Central 
Aves.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  If  for  sale,  mail 
sample,  _  and  _  state  price  expected  delivered 
in  Cincinnati.  If  in  want,  write  lor  prices, 
and    state    quality   and    quantity    wanted. 

(5-5) 


We  are  always  in  the  marktt  for  extracted 
honej',  as  we  sell  unlimited  quantities.  Send 
us  a  sample  and  your  best  price  delivered 
here.  THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51 
Walnut   St.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


COLORADO. 


THE  COLORADO   HONEY  PRODUCERS 
ASS'N,  1440  Market  St.,  Denver,  Colo.       5-i 


ILLINOIS. 


R.    A    BURNETT   &   CO.,   199  South    Wate 
Street,    Chicago.  (5-5) 


HONEY  AND  BEESW^AX 

MARKET. 

Denver,  Aug.  16. — Supply  of  extracted  honey  is 
good.  Demand  only  fair  as  there  is  so  much 
fruit.  We  quote  today  :  No.  I  white  comb,  per 
case,  $2.75;  No.  2,  S2.50;  extracted,  6?-i-7i4  in  a 
local  way.  Demand  light.  Beeswax.  22  to  25c. 
Colorado  Honey  Producers'  Assn., 
1440  Market  Street. 


Cincinnati,  July  29.— Tlie  supply  of  honey  at 
the  present  time  is  limited,  with  but  moderate 
demand.  New  honey  is  beginning  to  arrive.  We 
quote  our  market  today  as  follows  :  Amber  ex- 
tracted in  barrels  and  cans,  ^^i-Cilic.  White 
clover  extracted  6y«-Se.  Comb  honey,  (demand 
limited)  13-14c  for  fancy  and  No.  1  Beeswax 
29c.  The  Fred  W.  Muth  Co., 

No.  51  Walnut  St.  Cincinnati,  0. 


Marton,  New  Zealand,  July  10.— The  honey 
markets  are  very  firm  at  present  and  will  con- 
tinue so  for  some  time  to  come.  The  demand  for 
pure  honey  cannot  be  supplied,  owing  to  the 
slack  sy.stem  of  bee-keeping  in  New  Zealand, 
The  extracted  market  is  as  high  at  present  as  in 
years,  while  the  market  for  comb  is  good.  I 
quote  ruling  prices  for  the  American  Bee-Keepcr 
today  as  follows :  Extracted,  in  bulk,  11  to  13c. 
In  tin  cans,  12c  per  lb.  Strained  honey,  8  to  10c. 
Comb,  per  dozen  pound-sections,  82.00  to  82.50. 
G.  J.  S.  Small 


Boston,  July  8— Our  market  on  honey,  bof 
comb  and  extracted,  is  practically  in  a  slumbei 
ing  condition  as  there  is  really  no  call  whatevei 
Prices  remain  as  before  quoted,  but  are  really  or 
ly  nominal.  Blake,  Scott  iV  Lee. 


Cent=a=Word  Columm 


"INCREASE"  is  the  title  of  a  little  boo) 
let  by  Swarthmore;  tells  how  to  make  v 
winter  losses  without  much  labor  ana  wit' 
out  breaking  up  full  colonies;  entirely  ne 
plan.  25  cents.  Prospectus  free.  A 
dress    E.    L.    Pratt,    Swarthmore,    Pa.       7 


Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  11— The  supply  of  new- 
honey  is  very  moderate,  and  quite  a  lot  of  old 
stock  yet  here.  Cannot  advise  shipments  of  new 
honey  as  yet.  Too  much  fruit,  and  October  is 
early  enough.  Wo  quote  :  Fancy  new,  15  to  Idc 
Old,  5  to  10c.  Extracted,  5  to  7c,  with  no  supply, 
and  not  wanted.    Beeswax,  30  to  32c. 

Batterson  &  Co . 


Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Aug.  11  —The  supply  of 
honey  is  increasing  while  the  demand  is  improv- 
ing. We  look  for  a  general  improvement  next 
month  with  higher  prices.  We  quote  todav  : 
Fancy,  S2.75;  extracted,  slow  at  5%  to  6V4c;. 
Beeswax,  30c.  CO.  demons  &  Co. 


Chicago,  Aug.  8.— A  little  new  honey  is  being 
offered  at  12  to  12VsC  per  lb.  for  No.  1  to  fancy. 
Extracted,  6  to  7c  for  white  and  5  to  6  for  amber 
Beeswax,  28c.  R.  A     Burnett  &  Co  . 

199  So.  Water  Street. 


FOR  SALE — A  Hawkeye,  Jr.,  Camera  con- 
plete.  Uses  both  film  and  plates.  Cost  I8-0 
will  sell  with  leather  case  for  S.^.50  casl 
Address  Empire  Washer  Co.,  Falconer,  > 
Y. 


A  TANDEM  BICYCLE  (for  man  and  ladj 
cost  ^'150,  in  first-class  condition,  was  built  1 
order  for  the  owner.  Tires  new.  Will  se 
for  ?25  cash.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  A 
dress  J.  Clayborne  Merrill,  130  Lakeviei 
ave.,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


AGENTS  WANTED  to   sell  advertising  nc 
ties,    good    commission    allowed.      Send    f( 
catalogue    and    terms.      American    Manuf* 
turing  Concern,  Jamestown,  N.   Y. 


WANTED — To  exchange  six-month's  tri; 
subscription  to  The  American  Bee-Keep< 
for  20  cents  in  postage  stamps.  Addres 
Bee-Keeper,   Falconer,  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE— .50  colonies  of  bees,  in  Falcon 
S-frameandA.  I.  Root  chaff  hives.  Desiri: 
to  reduce  my  yards  about  one-half,  no  reasc 
able  offer  will  be  refused.  Address,  H.  1 
Harp,  Marienville,  Pa  H 


When  writing  to  advertisers  menti( 
Tlie  American  Bee-Keeper. 


in  the  Front  Rank 


Mr.  W.  Putnam, 
River  Falls,  Wis. 
Dear  Sir:— I  must  congratulate  you  on 
the  reading  matter  you  have  in  the 

Rural  Bee  Keeper 

It  is  all  that  could  be  desired,  and  just 
what  I  have  been  wanting.  I  take  seven 
bee  papers  and  consider  yours  only 
equaled  by  one  or  two.  Every  number, 
so  far,  has  been  worth  more  than  the  sub- 
scription price  to  me.  1  do  not  see  how 
you  can  fail  if  the  present  standard  is 
kept  up.  Wishing  you  success,  I  remain, 
Yours  truly, 

James  T.  Fennell. 
Beverly,   N.  Y. 


Send  10c  for  three   back   numbers,  or  50c 
for  one    year. 

RURAL  BEE  KEEPER 

River  Falls,    Wis. 
SAMPLE  COPY  FREE. 


W^'tM^irf  tM^(ufl^ufelLi|)|^utt^yi(^L;^^  L^^k^^i^^^i^C^^A  l^^^^y^iyA^^^A^^ 


<3  Subscription  Agencies. 

J      Subscriptions    for    the    Amerl- 
^   can  Bee-Keeper  may  be  entered 


through    any    of    the    following 
agents,    when    more   convenient 
than  remitting  to  our  offices  at 
Fort   Pierce,   Florida,  or  James-    § 
town,  N.  y.:  € 

J.   E.    Jonhson,     Williamsfleld, 


:ii. 


National  Bee=Keepers'  Association, 

The  largest  bee-keepers'  society   in  the 
world . 

_    Organized    to  protect    and   promote   the 
interests  of  its  members. 

Membership  Fee,  $1.00  a  Year. 

N.E.FRANCE,  Platteville,  Wis.. 

General  Manager  and  Treasure 


§  The  Fred  W.  Muth  Company, 

®  51  Walnut  St.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

^  John  W.   Pharr,   Berclair,  Tex, 

2  Miss   S.    Swan,    Port   Burwell, 
J  Ontario. 

3  G.    A.     Nunez,     Stann     Creek, 
[3  British  Honduras. 

I  Walter  T.   Mills,  Burnham,   N. 

^  Rochester,  Kent  Co.,  Ivan  House, 

I  England. 

3  G.  J.  S.  Small,  Marton,  Wang- 

J  anul,  New  Zealand. 

3  H.  H.  Robinson,  Independeucla 

^  16,  Matanzas,   Cuba. 

3  Colorado     Honey     Producers' 


I     Association.     1440     Market     St.,   £ 


Denver,  Colo. 


ABooa 
For 


PoDltrfKeep 


How  we  make  our  hens  pay  400 
per  cent,  nroflt.  new  system,  oor 
own  method,  fully  explained  in 
I  oiu*  Illu.i^trated  Poultry  Book;  which  contains 
I  Poultry  Keepers'  Acc't  and  Egg  Record  showing 
g^lHS  or  losses  everv  mouth  for  one  year.  Worth  25 
I  cts.  sent  to  you  for  It  c.  if  you  will  send  names  of  5 
I  poultry  keepers  with  vour  order:  Address, 
I  G.  8.  VIBBERT.  P.B.  56.  Clintonville.  Conn- 


CASH  FOR  YOl 

The  American  Bee-Keeper  is  in  the  market  to  buy  arti- 
cles on  bee-keeping  subjects.  Articles  with  photographs 
to  illustrate  are  especially  desired.  We  will  pay  well  for 
good  work.  We  want  reporters  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 
Give  us  an  opportunity  to  bid  on  your  pen  productions 
and  the  results  of  your  photographic  skill.     Address, 

THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER, 

Fort  Pierce,  Fla. 


I 


WANTED 


Comb  and  Extracted 
Honey  on  commis- 
sion. Boston  pays 
good  prices  for  a  fancy 
article.  ^J-J-J-J'J'^ 

F.    H.    FARMER, 

182  Friend  Street,    Boston,  Mass. 


Put 

Your 

Trust 


In 

Providence! 

Queens, 


Introduce  new  blood  now  for  next  season's 


fROVIDENCE  nUJEENS 
rove  Their'  QUALITIES 

To  be  of  the  Highest. 
LAWRENCE   C.   MILLER, 

P.  O.Boxll]3.  Providence,  R.  I. 


20  per  cent.  Profit 

Pineapples,  Oranges,  Qrape  Fruit 

Make    a    Specialty    for    Non-Resident    Owners 
and  Intending  Settlers  in  the 

Lovely    Lake  Region   of  South    Florida. 

20    er    cent,    annual   return   on   investment. 

Pure  air,  pure  water,  no  mosquitoes.  High 
pine  and  oak  land,  bordered  by  fresh  water 
lakes,  suited  to  all  citrus  fruits  and  pineapples. 
Good  title.  Time  payments.  Address  for  de- 
scriptive matter,  W.  E.  Pabor,  Manager  Pa- 
bor   Lake   Pineries,    Avon    Park,    Fla.  tf 


CAVEATS,  TRADE  MARKS, 
COPYRIGHTS  AND  DESIGNS. 

I  Send  your  business  direct  to  Washington, 
saves  time,  costs  less,  better  service. 

My  oSace  close  to  IT.  S.  Patent  Office.  TREE  prelimln- 
'  ary  examinations  made.  Atty's  fee  not  due  until  patent 
'  is  secured.  PERSONAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN^19  YEARS 
[actual  EXPERIENCE.  Book  "How  to  obtain  Patents," 
[  etc.,  sent  free.  Patents  procured  through  E.  G.  Siggers 
I  receive  special    notice,    without  charge,   in   the 

INVENTIVE    ACE 

[illustrated  monthly— Eleventh  year— terms.  $1.  a  year. 

918  FSt.,  N.  W., 
washington,  d.  c. 


ICSICeEBS.: 


EK 


If,    BINQHAI 

5     has   made   all    the   im 
provements  ii' 

Bee  Smokers  ant 
Honey  Knivei 

made  in  liie    last  30   years,  uiiddulitedl 
he  makes  the  best  on  earth. 

Smoke  Engine.   4  inch  stove,   none  too  larg.,   !<>•• 

poblpajd,  per  mail $1  ,■ 

a!*  inch 1. 

Knife,  80  cents.  .S  inch l.i 

2  ^  inch ! 


Farwell,  IVIich. 


Little  Wonder,  2  in. 


Patent  WiFed  Comb  Foundation 

has  no  sag  in  brood  frame 

TMn  Flat  Bottom  Fooiidation 

has  no  Fish-bone  in  Surplus  Hone 
Being  the  cleanest  is  usually  worked  tl 
quickest .  of  any  foundation  made.  The  ta 
about  wiring  frames  seems  absurd.  We  furni;' 
a  Wired  Foundation  that  is  Better,  Cheap ' 
and  not  half  the  trouble  to  use  that  it  is 
wire  brood  frames. 
Circulars    and    sample    free. 

J.    VAN  DEUSEN    <£  SONS. 

Sole    Manufacturers 
Montgomery  Co..   Sprout  Brook,  N. 


I.  J.  STRINQHAM,  105  Park  PI.,  N.  Y.  City 


Tested  Italian  Queens, 

I   lb.  Sq.  Honey  Jars, 

No.  25  Jars,  _         _         _ 

12  oz.  Jar.  burnishtd    tin   cap, 


$1.00  each 
$5.00  gross 
$5.75  gross 
$5.00  gross 


Discount  on  more  than  one  gross.     Extracted  honey  always 
on  hand  at  from  5  1-2  to  8  cents  pound. 

APIARIES--=QLEN  COVE,  L.  I.  CATALOG  FREEl 


THE  ONLY  GERMAN   AGRICULTURAL  MONTH- 1 
.Y  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  jXJt^^^^^^ 

^ARM  UND  HAUS 

The  most  carefull.v  edited  German 
Agricultural  journal.  It  is  brimful  of 
practical  information  and  useful  hints 
for  the  up-to-date  farmer;  devoted  to 
stock  raising,  general  farming,  garden- 
ing, poultry,  bee-keeping,  etc.,  and  eon- 
tains  a  department  of  the  household, 
which  many  find  valuable.  Another  de- 
partment giving  valuable  receipts  and 
•emedies  called  "Hausarzt,"  in  fact  ev- 
n-y  numbe*  contains  articles  of  real 
practical  use. 

Price  only  35  CENTS  per  year.  Sam- 
ple copy   free. 

Send  subscriptions  to 

FARM    UND    HAUS 

)  tf.  BLUFFTON,  OHIO. 


MAGIC  RHEUMATIC  CURE 


It  absolutely  does  cure.  It  is 
not  a  CHEAP  remedy,  but  it  is 
a  CHEAP  cure.  Mark  the  distinc- 
tion! There  are  a  thousand  reai- 
cdies  to  one  cure.  This  is  a 
cure.  It  costs  $2  a  bottle  and  is 
Avorth  $20  to  any  sufferer.  soM 
only  by  our  authorized  agents  or 
direct  by  us.  We  wil  send  pre- 
|)aid  for  .$2.00. 


Write  for  booklet.Agents  wanted. 


MAGIC  CURE   CO. 

•'i-'S   Dearborn   Street.       Chicago. 


Are  You  Looking  for  a  Home? 

No  farmer  should  think  of  buying  land 
before  seeing  a  copy  of  THE  FARM  AND 
REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAL.  It  contains 
the  largest  list  of  lands  for  sale  of  any 
paper  published  in  Iowa.  Reaches  30,000 
readers  each  issue,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
advertising  mediums  to  reach  the  farmers 
and  the  Home-Seekers  that  you  can  ad- 
vertise in.  For  75c.  we  will  mail  you  the 
Journal  for  1  year,  or  for  ten  cents  in 
silver  or  stamps  we  will  send  you  the 
Journal  2  months  on  trial.     Address, 

Farm  and  Real  Estate  Journal, 

TRAER,  TAMA  CO.,   IOWA, 

10-tf. 


Strawberries. 

Young,  healthy,  fresh,  vigor- 
ous stock  in  prime  condition  for 
spring  planting. 

All 
Leading 


Varieties 

Write  for  prices  and  terms. 

MONROE    STRAWBERRY    CO., 

Box  66  MONROE,  MICH. 


EXTRACTED    HONEY. 

Mail    Sample,    state    lowest    price    expected    delivered    Cincinnati. 
I  pay  prompt  on  receipt  of   goods. 


jOLDEN     ITALIANS 

Untested.  i,  75c. 


RED     CLOVER 

6,  $4.00. 


CARNIOLANS 

12,  $7.50. 


C.  H.  W.  ^A^EBER 


)ffice  and  Salesrooms  2146-48  Central  Ave. 
Varehouses— Freeman  and  Central  Aves. 


CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 


La  Compania 
Manufacturera  Americana 

ofrece  los  mas  reducidos  prccios  en  to- 
da  clasc  de  articulos  pura  Apicultores. 
Nuestra  Fabrica  cs  una  de  las  mas 
grandes  y  mas  antiguas  de  America. 
Especialidad  en  Colmenas,  Ahumadores 
para  Colmenas,  Extractores,  etc.  In 
ventores  y  perfeccionadores  de  muchos 
articulos  de  suma  utilidad  en  la  Apicul- 
tura.  Enviamos  gratis  nuestro  catalogo 
y  prccios  a  quicnes  lo  soliciten.  Dirija- 
nse  i. 

THE  AMERICAN  MFG.  CO., 

Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  E.  U.  A. 


The  only  strictly  agricultural 
paper  published  in  this  State.  The 
only  agricultural  paper  published 
every  week.  It  goes  to  every  post 
office  in  State  of  Tennessee  and  to 
many  offices  in  Kentucky,  Alabama, 
Georgia,  Mississippi,  Arkansas, 
Texas,  Florida  and  Louisiana.  It 
is  the  official  organ  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Department  of  Tennessee  and 
Live  Stock  Commission.  Subscrip- 
tion $1  per  year  in  advance. 

Tennessee  Farmer  Pub.  COi, 
«tt  Nashville,  Tenn. 

BEGINNERS. 

shou.d  haTC  a  copy  of 

The  Amateur  Bee-keeper, 

a  TO  page  book,  by  Prof.  J.  W.  Rouse;  written  tm" 
pecially  for  aiuatenrs.  Second  edition  just  on' 
First  edition  of  1,000  sold  in  less  than  two  year* 
Editor  York  says:  "It  is  the  tnest  little  book  pub- 
lished at  the  present  time."  Price  21  cenU;  by 
Bail  28  cents.    The  little  book  and 

The  Progressive  Bee-keeper, 

(a  lire,  proRresaiTe,  28  page  monthly  journal,)  on* 
year  for  «5c.  Apply  to  any  fifBt-claBa  dealer,  or 
address 

LEAHY  MFG-  CO.,  HitfU.riu., «.. 


Chance 

Of  a  Life  Time. 


inn    Wanted  to  raise 
*""  Belgians 

Send  for  particulars  and    sample   copy 
of  the  only 

Belgian  Hare  Journal 


Published  in  America. 

Judge  R.  J.  FINLEY, 

227  Lamb  St  ,  MACON,  Mo. 


To  Subscribers  of 
THE  AMERICAN  BEE=KEEPER 

And  Others! 

Until  Further  Notice 

We  Will  Send  The 


Country 
Journal 


to  any  addrtes  in  the  U.  S.  A.  one 
year  for  ]')  t-ents,  providing  you 
u'  jntiou  Auierican  Bee-Keeper. 

The  OcJuntry  Journal  treats  on 
'  arm,  Orchard  and  Garden,  Poul- 
;y  and  r'anhion.  It's  the  best  pa- 
^ev  printed  for  the  price. 

Address 

The  Country  Journal, 


Allentown,  Pa. 


.2tf 


W.  M.  Gerrish,  R.  F.  D..  Epping,  N.  H 
keeps  a  complete  supply  of  our  goods,  anc 
Eastern  customers  will  save  freight  by  order 
ing  of  him. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  Co. 


A&EMTS  Wanted  "washTng^ 

You  can  double  your  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

and  they  sell  easily.     We  have  sold  over   150,000  in  the  last  tourteen  years.      They 
arc  clioaper  than  e^'er.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co. ,    Jamestown,  N.Y. 


The  Towa 

Horticultural 

Paper. 

Monthly,  ' 
50  cents 
per  year. 

It  is  unique, 
planned  on 
JPQfe    original  lines. 

You  cannot 
be  up-to-date 
in  fruit  growing  unless  you  read  it. 

Balance  of   this   year  free  to  new- 
subscribers. 

THE  FRUITMAN, 

Mt.  Vernon,   Iowa. 


50    YEARS' 
EXPERIENCE 


Trade  Marks 

Decigns 

Copyrights  Ac. 

Anyone  sencHng  a  aketrli  and  description  may 
quickly  ascertnin  our  opinion  froo  whether  an 
invention  is  probably  patentable.  Communica- 
tions strictly  confidential.  Handbook  on  Patents 
soi-.t  tree.  Ohleot  agrency  for  securing  patents. 

Patents  talien  through  Munn  &  Co.  receive 
tpccial  notice,  without  charge,  in  the 

cietiiific  jimerican. 

A  handsomely  illustrated  weekly.  Largest  cir- 
culation of  any  scientific  journal.  Terms,  $3  a 
year:  tour  months,  11.    Sold  ty all  newsdealers. 

MUNN  gCo.^^^«^°«''-v,  New  York 

Branch  Office.  625  F  St.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


a  111' 

ATHEjYS,  oa 


I  Subscription, 


50  Cents  a  Year. 


:iM 


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Caveats,  Copynfrhts  and  Labels  registered. 
TWENTTYEAilS'FRACTICE.  Highest  references. 

I  Sead    model,     sketch    or    photo,    for   fr<-e    report  I 

Ion     patentability.      All      business      confidential. 

1  HAND-BOOK  FREE.  Explains  everything.  Tells 
How  to  Obtain  and  Sell  Patents,  What  Inventions 
Will  Pay,  How  to  Get  a  Partner,  explains  best 
mechanical  movements,   and    contains  300  other 

I  subjects  of  importance  to  inventors.       Address, 

H.  B.  WILLSON  &  CO.  .SS„ 

790  F  Street  North.  WASHINGTON,  D.Cj 


BARNES' 

Pcot  Power  Machinery, 

Tills  cut  represents  our 
C"nil)ined  Machine,  which 
IS  the  best  machine  ihade 
for  use  in  the  construction 
of  IJives,  Sections,  Boxes, 
etc.  Sent  on  trial.  Send  fOr 
taialugue  and  I'rice  List. 
W.  F.  &  J.  BARNES  CO. 
yi3    Ruby   St.,    Rockford.  Ill 


Published  the  First  of  Every  Month 

and     Circulates    in    Every 

Southern    State. 


ADVERTISING   RATES   ON    APPLI- 
CATION. 

HOMESEEKERS 

AND  INVESTORS,  who  nre  interest 
ed  ill  tlie  Southern  section  of  the 
Union,  should  subscribe  for  THE 
DIXIE  HO.MESEEKER,  a  handsome 
illustrated  magazine,  describing  the 
industrial  development  of  tJie  South, 
and  its  many  advantages  to  homeseek- 
ers  and  investors.  Sent  one  year  on 
irial  for  l5c.     Address, 

THE  DIXIE    HOMESEEKER, 
West  Appomattox,  Va        tt 


Honey 


PRODUCTION 

AND 

SELLING. 


These  are  the  two  main  problems  of  the  bee-keeper,  and  each  is  as  im- 
portant as  the  other.  Many  can  produce  fine  honey.but  fail  to  get  the  best 
prices.  Your  crop  in  attractive  packages  is  half  sold.  The  first  honey  in 
the  market  sells  the  best;   so  don't  put  off  ordering  supplies. 

No-drip    Shipping    Cases. 

Do  not  put  your  section  honey  ii 
poorly  made  section  casos.  It  wil 
bring  less  if  you  do.  We  make  ou 
ca,ses  of  white  bass-wood,  and  the; 
are  constructed  so  they  will  not  leah 
Neither  do  the  sections  get  stuck  u 
with  honey.  Made  for  all  kinds  o 
sections,  and  in  all  sizes.  Also  gla$. 
for  fronts.  For  retailing  honey  tht 
is  ■  noticing  neater  than  the  I>ari_ 
Oarton.     A,sk  for  our  catalogue  giviS 


Hers<iiser   Jars. 

The  ifinest  of  all  glass  pack- 
ages for  extracted  honey.  Made 
of  clear  glass  with  aluminum 
caps,  which  seal  them  tight.  We 
sell  other  styles  of  glas,s  i)ack- 
ages.  Don't  fall  to  study  the 
candied  honey  (luestion.  There 
is  a  great  future  for  this.  We 
sell  the  famous  Aiken  Honey 
BaK  for  retjiiling  candied  honey. 
See  our  general  catalogue  for 
further   description   and   prices. 


complete  prices  and  descriptions.' 


Five>GalIon    Tin    Cans. 

The  favorite  jiackage  for  shipi)in 
extracted  honey.  No  leaking,  r 
tainted  honey.  The  cans  b(>ing  s(|uaP 
economize  spaice,  and  are  easily  l)Oxe( 
Also  smaller  sizes.  Cans  fui-ni.slK 
Avith  different  widths  of  screw  ca| 
or  honey  gates.  Don't  fail  to  g<  t  oi 
IV'ices  before  ordering.  Ileineinb( 
tliat  freight  charges  „should  Ik'  <•()! 
sidered  with  tiio  prices.  We  cai 
from  our  branch  liouses. 


('omi)lete   Description   and    Prices   in  (Jeneral  Catalogue. 

THE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO. 

Factory  and  Executive  Office  -  =  MEDINA,  OHI 

BRANCHES- -Chicago,  111.,  144  Eai^t  Erie  St.;  riiiladelphia.  Pa.,  lo  Vine  St.; 
New  York  City,  N.  Y.,  44  Vesey  St.;  Syracu.se,  N.  Y.;  :Mecha!iic  Falls. Me.; 
St.  Paul,  Minn.,  1024  Miss.  St.;  San  Antonio.  Texas;  Washington.  D 
1100  Md.  Av.;  Ilavina,  Cuba,  17  San  Ignacio;  Kingston,  .Jamaica,  1 
Harbour  St. 


a; 
I 


0CT03ER 


fred  at  the  Postoffice,  Fort  Pierce,  Fla.,  as  second-class  mail  matter. 


Homes  in 

Old  Virginia. 

It  is  gradually  brought  to  light 
that  the  Civil  war  has  made  great 
changes,  freed  the  slaves,  And  in 
consequence  has  made  the  large 
land  owners  poor  and  finally  freed 
the  land  from  the  original  owners 
who  would  not  sell  until  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  There  are  some 
of  the  finest  lands  in  the  market  at 
very  low  prices,  lands  that  produce 
all  kinds  of  crops,  grasses,  fruits, 
and  berries;  fine  for  stock.  You 
find  green  truck  patches,  such  as 
cabbage,  turnips,  lettuce,  kale, 
spinach,  etc. ,  growing  all  the  win- 
ter. The  climate  is  the  best  all  th© 
year  around  to  be  found,  not  too 
cold  nor  too  warm.  Good  water. 
Healthy.  Railroads  running  in 
every  direction.  If  you  desire  to 
know  all  about  Virginia  send  10c. 
for  three    months    subscription    of 

the   VIRGINIA   FARMER  to 

Farmer  Co.,  Emporia,  Va. 


$25,000.00  CASH 


I 


in,    600    prices.      First    prize,    $10,000.00. 
those   making   nearest   correct  etiesses  of^ 
total   popular  Tote  to  be  cast   November  I 
1904,   for   President  of  the  United  States. 

There  are  eight  special  prizes  of  $500.00  « 
for   early   estimates.  , 

This  may  be  fortune's  knock   at  your  dc 
It    costs    nothing    to    enter    the    contest  ! 
only  a  postage  stamp  £or  particulars.  Addi 
Hosterman    Publishing    Co.,    Box   16,    Spri 
field,   Ohio. 


There  is  no  trade  or  profession  better  catered  to 
©y  good  journals  than  that  of  the  farmer.  Uni*' 
telligent  anprogressireDess  has  now  no  excau. 


A  BATH 


18  a 

lUXUllpr 


wlier 
taken  in  an 


TNIPIRE 
^      Portable 
Folding  BATH  TUB. 

Used  in  any  room. 
Agents  wanted. 
Catalogue  Free. 

^ths  empire 
^washer  co., 
Jamestown,n,y. 


THE  DIXIE  HOME  MAGAZII 

10c  a  year.  Largest,Brightest  and  Finest  lllustr 
Magazine  in  the  World  for  10c  a  year,  to  li 
duce  it  only. 

It  is  bright  and  up-to-<late.  t> 
all  about  Southern  Home  Life.  .11 
full  of  fine  engravings  of  grand  (K 
ery,  buildings  and  famous  pw 
Send  at  once.  10c.  a  year  pos^ 
anywhere  in  the  U.  S.,  Canada  i 
Mexico.  3  years  50c.  Or,  clubs  <j 
names  50c.,  12  for  $1.  Send  us  a  -^ 
Money  back  if  not  delighted.  S 
taken.    Cut  this  out.    Send  today.^ 

THE  DIXIE  HOME, 
Birmingham,  Ala. 
When  writing,  mention  the  Am.  BeeKeep 


POULTRY    success   C 

THE    20th    CENTURY    POULTRY 
MAGAZINE. 

15th  year.  32  to  64  pages.  Beautiful 
lustrated,  up-to-date  and  helpful.  Best  Ip 
writers.  Shows  readers  how  to  succeed'^ 
poultry.  50  CENTS  PER  YEAR.  Sit 
introductory  offers:  10  months,  25  centtl 
eluding  large  practical  poultry  book  free;i 
monthsl  trial,  10  cents.  Stamps  act* 
Sample  copy  free.  Poultry  Success  Co., 
16,    Springfield,    Ohio,   or   DesMoines,  .I« 


When  writing  to  advertisers  mj 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


SHINE! 

The  Empire  Washer  Company,  Jamestown, 
N.  Y.,  makes  a  Shine  Cabiret,  furnished  with 
foot  stand,  blacking,  russet  dressing,  shoe 
rubber— in  fact,  all  articles  and  materials  need- 
ed to  keep  shoes  looking  their  best — ?nd  it  is 
made  to  be  fastened  to  the  wall  of  the  toilet 
room  or  kitchen.  It  does  away  with  the  vexa- 
tious searching  after  these  articles  which  is 
altogether  too  common.  A  postal  will  bring 
you  details  of  this  and  other  good  things. 


American 


BEE 


Jourr 

16-p.  Wf 

Sample 

49~  All  about  Bees  and 

Srofitable  care.    Best  wr 
Idest  bee-paper;  illnsti 
Departments  for  begi 
and  for  women  bee-keep( 
Address, 
OBORaE  W.  YORK  ft  < 
144  &  146  Erie  St.  Chicag< 


T-*w-vf^r*  Send  10  cents  for  one  yeM" 
H  k*  r*  n  scription  to  AMERICAN  8T( 
*  AV"-'*-'  the  best  monthly  magazine 
lished,  and  we  will  send  you  samples  of  WOl 
magazines,  all  different,  free.  AMBR 
STORIES,  Dept.  H.  D.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mli 


Bee    Hives 
Sections 

EVERYTHING 

THAT  IS  USED  BY  BEE-KEEPERS  CAN  BE 
PROCURED  OF  US  AS  CHEAPLY  AS  ANY- 
WHERE, AND  WE  KNOW. 

Our  Goods  are  Superior 

BOTH  IN  MATERIALS    AND    WORKMAN- 
SHIP TO  THOSE  OF  ANY  COMPETITOR. 

One   Trial   Will   Convince   You 

THAT'S  ALL  WE  ASK.  WE  KNOW  YOU 
WILL  NEVER  BUY  OF  ANYBODY  ELSE. 

Our  new  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list  is  now 
ready.  Send  for  one  on  a  postal  card. 

The  W.  T. 
FALCONER  MANFG.  CO., 

JAMESTOWN,  N.  Y. 


THE  BEST  PRINTED  PAPER 


^  ^    IN  FLORIDA  J-  ^ 


Located  in  the  Heart  of  the  Cel- 
>  L.rated  Pineapple  Belt  and  sur- 
rounded by  many  of  the  finest 
orange  groves  on  the  Indian  Riv- 
er. Fort  Pierce  is  the  largest  and 
most  important  town  in  Brevard 
county  and 

The  FORT  PIERCE  NEWS 


is  the  best  paper  in  the  county 
and  the  best  weekly  in  Florida. 
It  contains  reliable  information 
about  this  section  in  every  issue. 
Only  $1.00  a  year.  Write  for 
sample  copy.  **• 

The  News,  Fort  Pierce^FIa 


The  Pacific  States  Bee  Journal 

AND   THE 

Rocky  Mountain  Bee  Journal 

Have  been  consolidated,  and 
will  hereafter  be  published  as 
one  journal  under  the  name, 

WESTERN   BEE   JOURNAL 

The  new  publication  will  be 
larger  and  better  than  either  of 
its  predecessors,  and  its  pub- 
lisher will  make  every  effort  to 
make  it  the  best  bee  journal 
published  anywhere.  It  is  pub- 
lished in  the  west,  where  the 
largest  apiaries  in  the  world  are 
located,  and  is  therefore  most  in 
touch  with  what  is  best  and 
most  practical  in  beetlom. 

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Vol.  XIV 


OCTOBER,  1904. 


No.  10 


A  POPULAR  FALLACY. 


Apiarian  Counselors  and  the  Press  Still  Teaching  a  False 

Doctrine. 


By  O.  O.  Poppleton. 


BEE-KEEPING  literature  has,  ever 
since  tlie  general  use  of  tlie  ex- 
tractor, been  full  of  warnings 
ibout  the  dangeu.-  of  taking  out  honey 
jefore  it  is  i)roperly  cured.  These 
•epeated  warnings  are,  and  probably 
lahvays  will  be,  in  order  and  should  be 
Ireiterated  time  and  again  by  our 
periodicals. 

In  my  opinion  a  sen'ious  mistake  has 
been  made  in  many  of  these  warnings 
—one  which  materially  lessens  their 
good  effect.  I  refer  to  the  idea  that 
materially  more  honey,  such  as  it  is, 
can  be  obtained  by  extracting  honey 
before  any  of  it  is  sealed  over.  So  far 
as  I  know  this  idea  has  been  treated  by 
all  writers  as  though  it  was  an  actual 
fact,  conceded  by  every  one.  I  be- 
lieve ovu"  editor,  Mr.  Hill,  and  myself 
■ace  the  only  ones  who  have  ever  ques- 
tioned this  idea,  and  gave  warning  of 
ithe  serious  injury  it  was  doing.  So 
(long  as  human  nature  remains  as  it  is, 
some  men  will  be  found  even  among 
bee-keepers  who  think  more  of  a  few 
extra  dollars  than  they  do  of  right  or 
wrong;  and  so  long  as  they  are  told  of 
a  way  to  make  more  money  by  wrong 
methods  than  by  right  ones  will  use 
the  wrong  ones  without  regard  to  any 
injury  done  to  others.  It  is  time  this 
idea  were  sent  into  oblivion  where  it 
Tightly  l)elongs,  and  where  it  can  do  no 
further  damage. 


My  attention  Avas  first  directed  to 
this  matter  while  keeping  bees  in 
Cuba,  some  15  years  ago.  Up  to  that 
time  I  supposed  the  idea  was  correct, 
having  seen  it  repeatedly  given  by  our 
foremost  writers  and  never  disputed 
by  any  one;  but  while  watching  some 
experiments  on  other  points  I  stumbled 
on  some  new  ideas. 

Special  conditions  there  make  it  pos- 
sible to  observe  much  more  accurately 
some  points  in  bee-keeping  than  it  is 
possible  to  do  in  this  country.  Here 
our  honey  yielding  flowers  remain  con- 
tinuously in  bloom  day  after  day  during 
their  season  and  any  sharp  difference 
in  the  quantity  of  honey  stored  by  the 
bees  on  consecutive  days  is  caused  by 
weather  changes  of  some  sort  or  other. 
The  bell-flower,  from  which  most  of 
Cuban  honey  is  obtained  is  a  daily 
bloomer  that  is.  new  flowers  come  out 
each  day  and  last  for  that  day  only. 
It  is  very  irregular  in  the  amount  of 
bloom  it  has  day  by  day.  I  have  seen 
hedges  and  other  places  almost  as 
white  as  a  snow-bank  one  day  with 
bloom  and  the  next  day  one  might 
Avalk  a  mile  and  not  see  a  hundred 
blossoms,  while  the  following  day 
there  might  be  half  or  a  quarter  as 
many  as  on  the  first  day.  As  the 
weather  conditions  are  much  more 
steady  there  than  in  this  country  the 
amount    of    honey    gathered   any    day 


19S 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


October. 


was  in  almost  exact  proportion  to  the 
amount  of  bloom  on  that  day  and  one 
could  tell  each  morning  with  almost 
absolute  certainty  what  would  be  the 
record  of  the  scale  hive  at  night.  Any 
close  observing  bee-keeper  will  readi- 
ly see  what  an  advantage  this  irregular 
daily  blooming  was  in  certain  lines  of 
observation. 

I  practiced  taking  record  of  weight 
of  tlie  hive  on  scales  after  work 
had  ceased  each  day  and  again  before 
woi-k  commenced  in  the  morning.  This 
gave  me  the  actual  amount  of  shrink- 
age or  evaporation  occuring  in  the 
hive  from  close  of  .gathering  one  day 
to  commencement  of  gathering 
next  day.  The  percentage  of  shrink- 
age to  amount  l)rou,ght  in  was  quite 
regular  during  the  entire  season.  It 
was  about  25  or  30  per  cent.  When- 
ever there  was  a  flowerless  day  and  no 
honey  gathered  the  shi'inkage  during 
the  24  hours  until  next  morning  would 
seldom  exceed  10  per  cent,  of  the 
nmount  of  shrinkage  of  the  first  12  or 
14  hours.  Thus  if  the  scales  showed  at 
ni.ght  that  10  lbs  of  nectar  had  been 
gathered  that  day.  they  would  in  the 
morning  show  a  loss  during  the  night 
of  2 1-2  to  3  pounds,  but  if  that 
day  should  happen  to  be  a  flowerless 
one  the  following  morning  would  re- 
veal a  loss  during  the  24  hours  of  not 
to  exceed  from  one-quarter  tO'  one- 
half  pound.  This  shows  almost  con- 
clusively that  nearly  or  quite  nine- 
tenths  of  all  loss  of  weight  caused  by 
curing  of  newly  gathered  honey  in  the 
hive  occurs  during  the  fiu-st  12  or  15 
hours  after  it  is  first  deposited  in  the 
hives. 

As  soon  as  these  observations  had 
been  repeated  enough  times  to  convince 
me  of  their  accuracy  the  question  sug- 
gested itself  to  me:  "From  where 
comes  the  large  gain  in  weight  of 
honey  supposed  to  be  obtained  by  ex- 
tracting every  few  days  before  being 
sealed  over?"  and  that  question  is  yet 
unanswered.  ^lany  other  observations 
made  while  in  Cuba  and  since  return- 
ing to  Florida  seem  to  strongly  cor- 
roborate th<>  idea  that  little  or  nothing 
is  gained  by  extracting  unsealed  honey. 
I  will  not  give  these  points  but  may 
do  so  some  other  time. 

If  the  conclusions  I  have  come  to  are 
correct  isn't  it  a  serious  mistake  to 
teach  that  much  more  weight  of  honey 
can  be  obtained  by  taking  out  unsealed 
honey  than  by  waiting  until  honey  is 
in  right  condition  to  take?     Some  un- 


scrupulous person  will  be  sure  to  try 
taking  advantage  of  that  supposed 
fact. 

Fort  Pierce,   Fla.,  Aug.  11,  1904. 


AUTUMN    HONEY    PLANTS. 

By  Bessie  L.  Putnam. 

WHILE  these  are  not,  with  one  oi 
two  exceptions,  sufficient  to 
make  any  perceptible  dif-i 
erence  in  either  quantity  or  (luality  oif 
lioney  stored,  they  have  an  important 
mission  in  that  they  keep  the  bees  in 
good  shape  during  the  fall  without 
drawing  upon  the  honey  stored.  The 
board  of  a  family  for  two  or  i^ossibly 
three  months  as  a  free  ol¥ering  for  the 
taking  is  certainlj'  Avell  worth  looking' 
after. 

Amon,g  the  half  century  of  golden- 
rods  there  are,  perhaps,  a  dozen  whict' 
abound  everywhere  in  fence-rows  ant' 
waste  places,  rapidly  increasing  ir 
strength  and  floriferousness  and  yield- 
ing honey  in  sufficient  quantity  to  giv( 
a  distinctive  flavor  to  the  nectar  ir 
store.  It  is  of  a  rich  amber  color  and 
has  a  rank  flavor  at  flrst;  this  mellow^ 
as  the  ripening  process  advances  and  i1 
is  eventuall.v  fine  flavored. 

The  multitude  of  asters  which  bloon 
in  autiunn  also  help  to  prolong  th( 
working  season.  Tliere  is  a  tail-grow 
ing  plant  in  pastures  and  waste  places 
having  a  dark  purple  cluster  of  flowers 
known  popularly  as  iron  weed,  Avhicl 
yields  some  sweets.  By  the  way,  this 
like  almost  all  the  other  late  bloom 
ers,  belongs  to  the  immense  family  o1 
composites,  distinguished  by  having 
each  seeming  small  flower  made  up  ol 
numerous  tiny  florets,  sometimes  al 
alike,  again  the  outer  ones  having 
long  rays,  like  the  daisy  and  mayweed 
The  ironweed  belongs  to  the  first 
group. 

Among  other  honey  plants  of  this 
group  may  be  mentioned  the  varioui- 
thistles,  even  the  despised  Canada  this- 
tle, one  of  the  most  troublesome  pest? 
to  the  farmer,  has  a  redeeming  (luality 
in  that  it  is  food  for  the  bees.  This, 
however,  should  not  be  entered  as  a 
plea  for  its  preservation.  The  tall 
boneset  or  thoroughwort,  an  old-time 
remedy  for  fever,  the  common  ragweed 
of  the  corn  field,  fireweed,  which  so 
quickly  fills  up  places  made  vacant  by 
the  cremation  of  logs  or  stumi)s.  the 
gay,  yellow  coreopsis  which  brightens 
the  autumn  swamps:  even  the  despised 
Spanish    needles,    which    cling    to   tlif 


I 


1904.  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  199 

clothing  of  all  passers-by,  are  eagerly  many  notes  and  cross  references,  but 
gleaned  in  the  autumn  days.  there  is  no  numbering  as  we  now  use 

Tlie  touch-me-not,  which  scatters  its  it.  There  are  a  dozen  or  so  wood  cuts, 
-iiH'ds  in  all  ditt'ections  when  touched,  is  as  well  as  four  pages  of  music  most 
another  swamp  denizen  of  value.  Some  oddly  printed,  the  uppec  half  of  each 
3f  the  mustards  bloom  until  late  in  l»age  being  printed  so  as  to  be  read 
uitunui.  St.  John's  Wort,  vervains,  fi'om  the  top,  i.  e.,  upside  down  to  the 
several  of  the  smartweeds,  and  hound's  I'est  of  the  text. 

i:ougue  are  among  the  weeds  which  The  book  bears  witness  to  his  en- 
swell  the  list  in  the  last  days  of  pastur-  thusiasm,  which  is  scarcely  surpassed 
ige.  Some  of  these  are  worthy  of  pro-  by  that  of  the  most  ardent  bee  crank  of 
ection;  others  are  vile  weeds.  But  to-day.  He  possessed  quite  a  fair 
vherever  their  place,  they  have  their  knowledge  of  the  anatomy  of  the  bee, 
li^e.  '  of  the  various  sexes,  etc.,  but  did  not 

Conneautiville.  Pa.,  Sept.  12,  1904.         know  that  the  queen  was  the  mother 

. .  of  the  colony,  believing  that  the  work- 

ANCIENT  BEE   LORE.  ers  fulfilled  that  office.     Pollen  is  call- 

.  ed  Ambrosia  or  '"grosse  houie"  but  its 

By  Arthiu-  C.  Miller.  "'^^    seems   to   have   been   understood. 

The  securing  of  the  honey,  the  dif- 
^OME  THREE  hundred  j-ears  ago  ferent  grades  and  its  care  are  treated 
^       there  lived  in  Wottou,  Eng.,  one  at  much  length. 

Charles  Butler,  a  bee-keeper  and  practices  which  we  of  this  generation 
bee-lover.  He  has  left  us  a  most  have  hailed  as  new,  were  common  with 
iteresting  account  of  his  knowledge,  him  then  and  he  even  had  drone  traps 
ehef  and  practice  and  of  the  queer  and  used  them  to  rid  his  hives  of 
iperstitions  held  about  bees  in  that  obnoxious  drones.  He  discoursed  on 
^y-  the   economy   of   drones   as    heat   pro- 

The  title  page  to  his  book  reads:  ducers  for  brood  rearing,  treated  fully 

_^  \  swarming,  after  swarms  and  artificial 

^•^^  swarms. 

FEMININE  MONARCHIE;  After  reading  the  book  through  and 

*'''*  comparing  it  with  those  of  to-dav.  one 

THE  HISTORIE  OF  BEES.  ig  bound  to  coufess  that  in  matter  of 

Shewing  arrangement  and  cross  reference  it  puts 

Their   Admirable   Nature   and  Properties,      to  shame  many  of  the  later  ones  and 

Their  Generation  and   Colonies,  that  in  kuowletlge  We  are  not  SO  very 

leir    Government.     Loyaltie,    Art,     Industrie,     far  ahead   Of   those  Old  bee  masters   of 
Enemies,  Warres,   -viagnanimitie,  &c.  -  Ion*'  a°"0 

Together  P^-ovldeuce,  R.  I.,  Sept.  15,  1904. 

ith   the   right    ordering    of    them    from   time 
to    time:    and    the    sweet    profit    arisins 

thereof  HOME-MADE   QUEEN   REARING 
■  DEVICES. 


Written   Out  of  Experience 

By  By  E.  F.  At  water. 

Charles  Butler,  Magd:  TXrRIXG  the  past  winter  I  sent  for 

1/  samples  of  various  styles  of  wood 

Plant:  in  Trucul:  Act:  2.  Sc.  6.  cell-cups,  and  nursery,  hatchery, 

ins   est  oculatus  testis   unus,   quam  auriti   and  pre-iutroflucing  cages ;   and,  after 

'^^'^^™-  some  little   study.    I   evolved   a   cheap 

■  and    simple    cell-getting    nursery,    and 

London:  introducing    outfit    that    anyone    can 

^^^-  make   at    home,    yet    in    all    essential 

features,  there  is  no  better. 

t  is  a  quainfold  book  where  "U"  is       To  make  the  wooden  cell-cups,  get 

Vid  for  "V"  and  vice  versa,  where  "S"    out  strips  3-4x5-8  any  length  desired. 

I'ks  like  "F;"  where  the  spelling  is  with   a  compass,    mark   off  every  .3-4 

c:l  and  old  English  words  are  used,  inch.     Then  at  each  mark,  bore  a  7-16 

tit  sadly  puzzle  one  not  accustoiued   hole  into  the  wide   side   of   the  strip, 

t  ancient  writing.     The  text  is  full  of  boring  nearly  through.     Then  with   a 

Itin  quotations  and  one  or  two  from   mitre-box.  saw  the  strips  into  pieces  3-4 

t-  Greek.  long,  each  having  in  the  middle  a  7-16 

Tie  pages  have  wide  margins  with  hole.    Now   you   have  the  blank  cell- 


200 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


October 


cups,  3-4x3-4x5-8  thick.  To  prepare 
them  for  grafting  put  some  nice  clean 
wax  or  foundation  in  the  sun,  until 
soft.  Roll  up  a  little  wad  of  wax, 
force  it  into  the  7-16  hole  and  press  the 
forming  stick  into  it,  using  a  slight 
twisting  motion.  Make  the  depression 
5-16  deep. 

Dipped  cell-cups  (a  la  Root)  can  be 
pressed  into  the  blocks  if  so  desired,  or 
the  holes  may  be  filled  with  melted 
wax  and  set  away  until  needed. 
When,  by  setting  them  in  the  sun  the 
cups  may  be  formed  as  before. 

The  cut  "A"  shows  such  a  square 
wood  cell-cup,  after  being  accepted  and 
completed    by    the    bees.    Notice    the 


port  for  our  open  top  holding-frame 
(This  support  was  invented  by  Mi 
Thos.  Chantry,  of  Cal.) 

The  space  below  bar  "C"  may  b 
filled  with  comb  or  a  board  may  b 
cut  to  fill  the  space,  as  preferred.  No\ 
fill  in  the  open  space  (3-4x17)  betwee 
the  1-4x1-2x17  5-8  bars,  with  wood  eel 
cups,  waxed  ready  foa.'  grafting.  TL 
cups  hang  by  the  projecting  brae 
which  you  have  driven  into  each  blaii 
cell-cup,  about  1-8  inch  below  the  tc 
of  the  cup.  Place  the  holding  fran 
and  cups  in  your  cell-starting  color 
and  remove  the  cups,  one  at  a  tim 
graft,  and  replace.  This  puts  each  ce 
as  soon  as  grafted,  in  the  care  of  tl 


head  of   a   brad  projecting  3-16  inch 
from  the  side  of  cell  cup. 

For  a  perfect  cell  holding  frame  get 
out  two  end-bars  of  usual  length  and 
full  3-4  inch  wide,  by  5-16  thick.  Two 
inches  from  the  top  of  each  end-bar, 
nail  in  a  bar  3-8x7-8x17,  as  shown  at 
"C."  Instead  of  a  top-baf,  nail  on  each 
side  at  top  of  frame,  a  strip  l-4xl-2x- 
17  5-8.  Nail  on  a  bottom  bar,  or  not,  as 
desired.  Attach  to  each  end-bar  an 
8-d  finishing  or  a  6-d  casing  nail,  bent 
as  shown  at  "D,"  and  better  shown  at 
"E."  The  point  "F"  is  driven  through 
the  end-bar,  and  a  small  staple  is  set 
straddling  the  nail,  and  driven  through 
the  end  bar  and  clinched.  Thus  we 
have   a   perfect   non-propolisable   sup- 


bees,  instead  of  waiting  for  an  en 
stick  of  cells  to  be  grafted.    Ther< 
no  need  to  remove  a  fi'ame  when 
want  cells,  simply  roll  back  the  q 
and  draw  as  many  as  desired. 

For  those  who  prefer  to  g: 
an  entire  stick  of  cells  at  once  I  h 
another  plan,  which  I  have  found  g< 
Get  out  a  stick  scant  1-4  thick  x3-4 
Drive  through  it,  every  3-4  of  an  h 
3-8  inch  fine,  sharp-pointed,  wire  n: 
Now  on  top  of  the  heads  of  these  ni 
nail  on  a  strip  3-8x3-4x17  and  cli 
the  three  or  four  nails  passing  tbro 
both  strips.  In  the  ends  of  the 
stick  cut  sawkerfs  as  shown  at  ', 
These  bars  may  then  be  hung  ij 
frame  having  staples  in  the  inner  si 


■ 


1904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


201 


of  the  end-bars  a  la  Stanley,  or  by 
any  other  method  in  use.  Attach  the 
wood  cell-cups  by  forcing  them  on  to 
the  projecting  points  of  the  3-8  nails, 
as  shown  at  "H." 

Now  for  a  cheap  and  perfect  hatch- 
ery, nurseii'y,  and  pre-introducing  cage: 
Get  out  pieces  3-10x5-8x1,  1 5-8x5-8x- 
3-16  and  5-8x5-8x1  5-S.  Also  some 
pieces  of  wire  screen  2  1-2x4  3-8.  Fold 
over  eacli  edge  1-4  inch  making  the 
pieces  of  screen  2x3  7-8.  Also  get  out 
pieces  of  tin  or  zinc  3-4x7-8,  and  1-2x5-8. 
Attach  the  pieces  of  zinc,  3-4x7-8,  to 
the  bits  of  wood  3-10x5-8x1,  so  that  in 
the  completed  cage  as  shown  at  "2," 
the  zinc  "M"  will  act  as  a  button,  to 
open  or  close  the  opening  "L."  Nail 
the  screen  to  the  blocks  as  shown  at 


through  the  wire  cloth  of  the  cage,  into 
the  comb.  When  the  queens  have 
emerged,  the  empty  cells,  if  needed, 
may  be  removed  empty  and  the  zinc  lid 
or  button  turned  so  as  to  close  the 
opening  "L."  This  nursery  is  equally 
good  for  the  round  "Swarthmore"  cups, 
Root's  round  cups,  my  square  ones. 
Hill's  separable  cups,  or  ordinary 
natural   queen  cells. 

For  those  who  like  a  block  nursery, 
I  have  the  most  perfect  yet  made,  and 
is  at  the  same  time  a  fairly  good  mail- 
ing and  introducing  cage.  Get  out 
blocks  exactly  7-S  thick,  xl  3-8x2.  With 
a  Forstner  bit,  bore  a  1  inch  or  1  1-8 
hole  nearly  through.  This  hole  is  bor- 
ed a  little  to  one  side  of  the  middle  so 
as  to  leave  an  opening  about  3-4  inch 


'2"  and  "J,"  "K."  This  leaves  and 
jpening  about  5-8  square,  at  "L'  and 
mother,  about  5-8x1  5-8,  between  "J" 
I  ad  "K."  Bore  a  5-16  hole  through  the 
ilock  (5-8x5-8x1 5-8)  near  one  end. 
tVith  a  single  small  nail  attach  a  zinc 
*■  tin  (1-2x5-8)  so  that  it  can  close  this 
lole,  or  not,  as  desired.  This  5-16  hole 
s  to  be  filled  with  candy,  and  the 
>lock  through  which  it  is  bored  must 
it  the  large  opening  of  the  cage  (be- 
ween  blocks  "J''  and  "K")  forming  a 
emovable  plug  or  stopper.  The  day 
K'fore  your  cells  are  ripe  lift  them  out 
•i  the  holding  frame,  and  sticlc  the 
uint  of  each,  into  opening  "L"  of  the 
ursery.  Hang  the  nuseries  in  a  hold- 
ng  frame,  or  attach  them  to  the  side  of 
comb,  by  thrusting  a  4-d  fine  nail 


square  on  edge  of  blocks,  as  well  as  the 
inch  hole  in  the  side.  Now,  in  one  end 
of  the  block,  bore  a  1-2  inch  hole,  con- 
necting with  the  1  inch  hole.  In  the 
other  end  bore  a  3-4  inch  hole,  to  meet 
the  1  inch  hole.  Attach  a  bit  of  tin  or 
zinc  so  as  to  cover  or  open  the  one-inch 
hole  (  for  candy).  Tack  on  a  piece  of 
screen  1  1-2x2,  so  as  to  cover  the  one- 
inch  hole,  and  also  the  opening  in  the 
edge  of  the  block.  This  nursery  is 
adapted  to  all  styles  of  wood  or  other 
cell-cups,  and  with  slight  change,  tO' 
natural  queen-cells,  and  is  superior  to 
the  Swarthmore  separate  nursery,  and 
pre-introducing  cage,  as  it  has  an  open- 
ing on  edge  of  cage,  as  well  as  on  the 
side,  and  can  be  placed  fiat-wise  be- 
tween two  combs,  yet  the  bees  can  be- 


202 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


October, 


come  acquainted  with  tlie  queen 
through  the  screen-covered  opening  on 
edge  of  cage.  My  square  cell-cups  are 
also  perfectly  adapted  fen-  use  Avith  the 
Bankston  nursery,  as  described  by 
Bankstou,  Lewis  and  Pharr.  At  this 
date,  I  have  tested  all  these  things  and 
found  them  good.  Of  course,  these  are 
simply  moditications  of  the  ideas  and 
improvements  of  Alley,  Swarthmore, 
Titoff  and  others.  In  my  next  article 
I  will  describe  the  Bankston  Baby 
nucleus,  which  I  am  now  using,  and 
mating  as  large  a  per  cent  of  queens  as 
by  any  modern  system. 

Boise,  Idaho..  June  12,  1904. 


TUNISIAN,    OR    SO-CALLED 
"PUNIC  "  BEES. 


By   Frank  Benton. 

IT  will  be  twenty  years  the  coming 
winter  since  I  first  went  from  my 
central  location,  at  that  time 
Mimich,  Germany,  across  the  Metliter- 
ranean  to  Tunis,  in  Northeim  Africa, 
and  investigated  the  race  of  bees 
native  to  that  part  of  the  world.  The 
following  winter  I  made  a  second 
journey  to  the  same  region.  During 
my  stay  I  traveled  about  to  some  extent 
in  the  Province  of  Tunis  and  secured 
for  extensive  planters  there  large  num- 
bers of  colonies  of  the  native  bees,  and 
for  some  weeks  busied  myself  in  trans- 
ferring these  into  American  frame 
hives  and  extracting  the  beautiful  rose- 
mary honey  which  is  produced  in  gi-eat 
abundance  there  the  latter  part  of  the 
Avinter  and  during  the  earl.v  spring. 
Naturally,  as  I  was  extensively  engage 
ed  at  that  time  in  the  rearing  of  queen 
bees  of  various  races,  having  queen- 
breeding  apiaries  in  Cyprus.  Syria,  and 
in  Carniola,  Austria,  as  well  as  in  the 
central  depot  or  collecting  apiary  in 
Munich,  Germany.  I  became  at  once 
greatly  interested  in  the  bees  of  Ttmis, 
which  I  soon  saw  possessed  some  very 
peculiar  and  remarkable  traits.  I  sent 
some  queens  to  my  home  apiary  in 
Munich,  and  took  others  with  me  for 
comparison  to  the  eastern  apiaries. 
The  latter  were  introduced  into  colo- 
nies of  Cyprian  and  Syrian  bees,  and 
all  drone  production  controlled.  I  was 
able,  therefore,  to  avoid  any  intermix- 
ture of  the  Tiinisian  blood  with  the 
Cyprian  and  Syrian  races  in  the  na- 
tive land.  At  the  same  time  I  had 
the  black  Tunisians  to  compare  with 
the  yellow  eastern  races.  Some  of 
those  who  received  my  price-list  at  the 


time  may.  perhaps,  recall  the  fact  that 
in  those  years  I  offered  these  queens 
for  sale  at  the  same  rates  charged  for 
Cyprians  and  Syrians,  and  that  I  stat- 
ed in  this  price-list  that  "Tunisians 
are  the  blackest  bees  I  have  ever  seen, 
are  excellent  honey  gatherers,  and  easy 
to  subdue  by  the  use  of  smoke." 

The  interest  which  Mr.  John  Hewitt, 
of  England,  exhibited  in  various  for- 
eign races  of  bees,  and  in  the  general 
Avork  which  I  Avas  conducting,  led  me 
to  forward  to  him  from  time  to  time  a 
choice  specimen  of  any  new  race  which 
I  found,  and  Avhile  he  frequently  favor- 
ed me  Avith  orders  for  queens  of  vari- 
ous races,  I  did  not  charge  him  for 
specimens  of  ncAV  races  sent  in  the 
manner  just  described.  It  Avas  in  this 
Avay  that  he  first  procured  the  Tuni- 
sian bees,  Avhich  he  now  calls  Punics. 
It  Avould  appear  to  me  that  he  might 
Avell  have  mentioned  this  fact  in  his 
article  in  the  American  Bee-Keeper,  for 
September,  1904,  Volume  XIV.  No.  9, 
pp.  180-83,  instead  of  conveying  the 
idea,  as  he  does,  that  he  was  the  ori- 
ginal discoverer  and  importer  of  the 
bees,  his  simple  statement  being: 
"This  bee  I  first  imported  in  1886." 
One  might  pass  this  by.  however,  and 
in  fact  the  Avhole  article  itself,  were 
there  not  more  A'iolent  misrepresenta- 
tions and  inaccuracies  contained  in  it. 

In  the  first  place  Mr.  HeAvitt  states 
that  Mr.  D.  A.  Jones,  of  Canada,  spent 
large  sums  of  money  in  trying  to  im- 
port Apis  dorsata.  It  is  true  that  he 
spent  some  money,  but  the  impression 
conveyed  by  INIr.  Hewitt  is  best  cor- 
rected, and  tlie  omission  supplied,  by 
quoting  from  an  article  of  mine  pub- 
lished in  Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture,! 
June  15,  1892,  Vol.  XX,  No.  12,  where, 
on  page  450,  occurs  the  following: 

"I  wish  to  ask  the  indulgence  of  my 
readers  to  enable  me  to  correct  an  error 
connected  with  the  subject,  but  the 
original  source  of  which  I  do  not  knoAV. 
It  first  appeared  long  ago,  and  has 
been  repeated  fi'equently — even  in 
books  on  bee-keeping.  I  refer  to 
the  statement  that  "the  first  ex 
pedition  after  Apis  dorsata  cosl 
Mr.  D.  A.  Jones,  of  Canada,  a 
small  fortune."  and  that  in  this  under 
taking  I  "Avas  the  agent  of  Mr.  .Tones." 
The  facts  are.  the  expedition  cost  less 
than  .$1,000;  I  was  in  partnership  with 
Mr.  .Tones  in  this  work,  and  it  cost  me 
just  as  much  as  it  did  him;  moreover, 
as  Mr.  Jones  did  not  go  to  India,  but 
was  in  Canada  at  the  time,  I  had  the 


1U04. 


THE    AMEEIGAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


203 


haidsliips  of  the  work,  and  the  illness 
which  followed  my  exposure  in  the 
jungles,  to  bear." 

1  have  never  seen  the  statement 
attributed  by  Mr.  Hewitt  to  Mr.  Jones, 
nor,  for  that  matter,  coming  from  any- 
one else,  that  it  was  expected  Apis 
dorsata  "would  produce  lakes  of 
honey,"  nor  have  I  ever  known  of  any 
person  who  seriously  entertained  the 
idea  of  establishing  a  new  breed  of 
bees  through  crossing  Apis  dorsata 
with  Italians  or  any  other  race  of  Apis 
mellifera,  the  new  bee  to  be  called  Apis 
Americana.  In  the  article  in  Glean- 
ings for  1892  just  quoted,  I  made  the 
statement  that  "an  effort  would  be 
made  to  produce  and  test  various  cross- 
ess  between  dorsata  and  mellifera," 
and  this  was  followed  by  the  state- 
ment "if  such  crosses  can  be  obtained, 
possibly  something  more  valuable  than 
I  either  of  these  bees  would  result."  I 
;  believe  that  I  made  a  modest  statement 
in  this  article  of  what  might  possibly 
result  from  the  inti-oduction  of  these 
l)ees  into  the  sub-tropical  portions  of 
the  United  States.  These  statements 
were  based  upon  my  own  practical  ex- 
perience with  Apis  dorsata  in  India, 
land  since  I  was  the  first  practical  bee- 
keeper to  go  out  there  and  manipulate 
these  bees  in  their  native  land,  and 
clear  up  some  of  the  disputed  points 
,  regarding  their  habits,  such  as  their 
i alleged  wildness  under  manipulation, 
I  their  building  their  combs  horizontally 
instead  of  perpendicularly,  and  the  re- 
markable tendency  which  was  ascribed 
to  them  to  desert  any  habitation  in 
which  they  might  be  placed,  it  seemed 
quite  proper  that  I  should  be  allowed 
an  expression  of  opinion  as  to  what  the 
possibilities  are  in  connection  with  this 
species.  Whatever  idea,  however,  Mr. 
Hewitt  or  anyone  else  may  entertain 
concerning  these  possibilities.  I  still 
adhere  to-  the  belief  that  their  final  de- 
termination, otie  way  or  the  other,  is 
work  well  worth  undertaking. 

^Ir.  Hewitt  seems  to  think  that  the 
^sending  of  Tunisian  ("Punic")  bees  to 
i  India  is  something  better  than  import- 
ing Apis  dorsata  from  India.  Very 
possibly.  I  will  not  discuss  that  at 
this  time.  However,  since  on  my  jour- 
ney to  India  in  1880,  I  took  out  colonies 
of  Cyprian  and  Palestine  bees  which 
have  since  thrived,  swarmed,  and  stor- 
ed considerable  surplus  honey,  and 
have  not  died  out.  as  Mr.  Hewitt  states 
regarding  all  bees  other  than  his  pet 
"Funics,"  the  credit  for  the  introduc- 
tion of  Apis   mellifera   can  easily  be 


placed.  But  hold!  Mr.  Hewitt  says 
that  the  I'unic  bees  belong  "to  the 
genus  Apis  nigra."  Ilis  use  of  the 
expression  "genus  Apis  nigra"  betrays 
his  total  ignorance  regarding  zoologi- 
cal nomenclature.  He  does  not  seem 
to  know  that  the  generic  name  is  Apis, 
which  is  precisely  the  same  as  the  gen- 
eric name  of  Italian,  Black,  Cyprian, 
and  all  of  our  races  now  cultivated  in 
Europe  and  America.  Moreover,  he 
seems  to  think  that  he  can,  because 
this  bee  happens  to  be  very  black  in 
color,  immediately  apply  to  it  the  speci- 
fic name  nigra,  without  giving  any 
technical  description  of  the  character- 
istics which  distinguish  it  from  other 
species.  Entomologists  have  never 
heretofore  recognized  such  a  species, 
and  the  mere  publication  of  the  name 
would,  according  to  the  established! 
laws  of  zoological  nomenclature,  stand 
for  nothing. 

But  more  astounding  statements  fol- 
low. Mr.  Hewitt  says  "these  bees  are 
proof  against  foul-brood."  The  as- 
tounding part  of  this  is  seen  at  once 
when  I  state  that  foul-brood  is  of  fre- 
quent occurrence  over  the  whole  area 
of  northern  Africa  from  Egypt  west- 
ward. He  follows  this  by  stating  that 
if  hives  are  large  enough  they  will  not 
swarm.  They  cast  numerous  swarms 
in  their  native  land,  although  the  hives 
are  full  larger  than  those  used  in 
Cyprus,  where  the  bees  swarm  less. 
When  I  state  the  fact  that  I  have  seen 
and  counted  in  a  colony  of  these  bees 
preparing  to  swarm  from  a  native  hive 
in  Africa  350  well-developed  cells.  I 
believe  any  practical  bee-keeper  will  be 
prepared  to  subscribe  to  my  statement 
that  the  size  of  hive  bears  the  same  re- 
lation, as  regards  swarming  of  these 
bees,  that  it  does  to  other  races.  For 
Mr.  Hewitt  to  write  in  this  day  and 
age,  "they  are  the  tamest  bees  known" 
argues  that  he  has  hardly  kept  pace 
with  information  regarding  other 
races,  for  in  this  particular  we  must 
yield  the  palm  to  the  bees  of  the  Cau- 
casus, in  Russia;  next  to  them  the 
Carniolans,  from  Austria;  and  even 
our  selected  and  carefully  bred  Itali- 
ans in  America  are  certainly  "tamer" 
bees  than  Tunisians.  When  one  ap- 
proaches an  apiary  of  the  black  bees 
of  northern  Africa,  he  is  very  likely  to 
be  unpleasantly  assailed,  even  at  a  dis- 
tance, and  at  certain  seasons  it  is  quite 
impossible  to  go  near  the  hives  with- 
out a  beeveil.  Let  me  compare  this 
statement    with    one    concerning    my 


204 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


October, 

four  years  residence  in  Carniola,  dur-  ported  from  the  native  land  of  this 
ing  which  time  I  handled  hundreds  of  wonderful  new  race,  which,  according 
colonies,  both  in  my  own  apiary  and  in  to  the  claims  of  the  advertiser,  unites 
native  apiaries  at  all  times  of  the  sea-  all  the  virtues  that  one  could  possibly 
son,  and  under  all  imaginable  condi-  imagine  as  belonging  to  bees,  with 
tions,  even  at  night,  and  during  the  none  of  their  faults.  As  the  writer 
whole     i^eriod     never     once     used     a  happens  to  have  been  the  first  to  call 


beeveil,       nor 

need     of     it 

odd     years     during     which      I 

cultivated    this    race,    I    have    never, 

when  only  pure  Carniolans  were  in  my 


felt      seriously       the  attention  to  this  new  race  of  bees  un- 

In     all      the     twenty  der  the  far  more  appropriate  name  of 

have  Tunisian  bees  (Tunis  being  the  native 

land  of  the  race),  and  as  he  has  had 

considerable  experience  with   them  in 


apiary,  had  occasion  to  use  a  beeveil  Tunis,  and  also  in  several  other  coun- 

in   their   manipulation.     I   am   cen'tain  tries,  he  may  be  allowed  to  express  an 

that  I  could  not  possiblj'  manage  even  opinion  as  to  their  merits  and  demerits. 

a   small   apiai-y   of   Tunisians   without  The  former  are  soon  told,  for  the  Tuni- 


restoriug  to  vast  quantities  of  smoke, 
and  probably  a  beeveil — at  least  with 
any  degree  of  comfort. 
The     statement     follows      in      Mr. 


sians  (or  Funics)  are  industrious  and 
prolific,  somewhat  more  so  than  any 
race  of  bees  coming  from  Europe,  but 
rather  less  so  than  the  eastern  Mediter- 


Hewitt's  article  that  the  "Funics  are  rauean   races    (Cyprians,    Syrians   and 


just  the  bees  to  produce  honey  in  the 

gi'eatest 

trouble." 

edly    that    they    are    excellent    honey 

gatherers.    The  proof  of  that  I  found 

in    the  quantities    stored    by   them    in 

thek-  native  land,    and  with  my  tests 


Palestines).  But  their  faults  make  a 
quantity  with  the  least  list.  They  are  small  and  very  black;' 
I  have  myself  stated  repeat-  are  spiteful  stingers,  as  vindictive  as 

the  worst  race  known;  bite  in  addition; 
to     stinging;     are     great     propolizers, 
daubing    hives,    sections,    and    combs 
lavishly  with  "bee-glue;"  they  swarm 


with  them  in  other  countries.    At  the  as  much  as  do  Carniolans,  and  winteu.' 

same  time  I  pointed  out  that  they  were  as  poou'ly  as  do  Palestines.      Most  peo- 

the  very  worst  race  that  could  possibly  pie   will    think    the   genuine    imported  i 

be  selected  for  the  production  of  comb  queens  a  trifle  extravagant  at  $50  each, 

honey,  as  they  were  so  lavish  in  the  especially    those    who    remember    that. 


use  of  propolis  as  to  disfigvu-e  gi-eatly 
the  combs  and  sections,  and  also  be- 


in  1885  and  1S8G,  just  such  queens  were 
offered  at  from  $4  to  $10  each,  direct 


cause  they  seal  the  honey  so  that  it  from  Timis.  northern  Africa.    Million-' 

presents    a    vei-y    watery    appearance,  aires   who    keep  bees   will,   of  course^^ 

My  experience  does  not  at  all  verify  the  buy  "Funic"  queens  at  $50  each  for  all 

statement  that  the  quantity  of  honey  of  their  hives,  although  they  wouldn't 

yielded  by  them  is  produced  "with  the  look  at  Tunisians  a  few  years  since  a| 


least  trouble."  for  since  they  are  really  $4  to  $ 


But  the  rest  of  us  will  pi 


rather  bad  tempered,  spiteful  bees,  and  on  with  bees  whose  queens  cost  us 
since    during    the    greater    period    of  to  $5  each,  and  that  are  chiefly  note( 


manipulation  a  beeveil  is  required,  as 
well  as  great  quantities  of  smoke,  both 
time  and  comfort  are  sacrificed  in 
obtaining  the  honey  yield. 


for  giving  us  honey,  money,  and  please 
ure  in  handling  them." 

In    the    article    under    consideratior 
there   are    further   statements    which 


I  see  no  reason  to  change  materially  require  criticism.    Mr.  Hewitt  says  oli 

the  common  East  Indian  honey  beej 
Apis  indica,  that  "they  will  not  on 
any  account  accept  any  queen  of  an; 
European  race,  and  even  if  it  could 
done  the  queens  could  not  lay  eggs  i 
theifl*  combs  as  the  cells  are  too  small.' 
In  the  course  of  my  work  in  CeylOD 
with  this  species  (indica)  I  had  occa-t 
sion  to  introduce  a  queen  of  the  species 
Apis  mellifera  to  one  of  these  colonies) 
She  was  not  expected  to  lay  eggs 


the  general  statement  of  the  qualities 
of  these  bees  which  I  gave  in  1802  in 
the  American  Farmer,  then  published 
at  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  which  was 
quoted  by  Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture  for 
July  1st,  1892.  Vol.  XX,  No.  13,  page 
504.     The  paragraph  is  as  follows: 

"Another  race  of  bees  has  recently 
been  advertised  under  the  name  of 
"Punic"  bees,  the  queens  having  been 
offered  at  from  $1..50  to  .$50  each.     The 


former  price  is  for  unfertilized  queens;  the  worker  cells  (Bfi  to  the  square  incl 

$5  is  asked  for  fertilized  queens.  $10  if  built  by  the  Apis  indica  colony. 

purely  mated,  $40  if  selected,  and  $50  eggs,  however,  to  produce  worker  bed! 

for  such  as  are  said  to  have  been  im-  of  the  species  mellifera,  were  laid  by 


1904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


205 


this  queen  in  the  drone  cells  built  by 
the  colony  of  India u  bees.  If  Mr. 
Hewitt's  practical  experience  had  ex- 
tended a  little  further  than  the  con- 
fines of  an  island  about  the  size  of 
Alabama  oir  North  Carolina,  a  kingdom 
whose  area  is  less  than  that  of  Michi- 
gan, and  but  slightly  larger  than  the 
State  of  New  York,  he  would  have  been 
less  ready  to  make  such  positive  as- 
sertions as  to  what  could  or  could  not 
be  done  with  other  varieties  and 
species  of  bees  in  lands  thousands  of 
miles  away  from  his  own  country 
where  all  conditions  are  radically  dif- 
ferent. He  would,  in  fact,  have  been 
less  dogmatic.  I  will  not  venture  to 
assert  that  one  can  generally  be  suc- 
cessful in  introducing  queens  of  the 
species  Apis  mellifen'a  to  Apis  indica, 
as  my  experience  is  not  extended 
enough  to  enable  me  to  do  this.  I  mere- 
ly state  a  fact  and  leave  the  general 
law  to  be  based  on  more  numerous  in- 
stances. 

Mr.  Hewitt  states  that  Tunisian 
queens  "never  attempt  to  mate  until 
;  about  20  days  old."  In  certain  of  their 
;  qualities  I  found  the  Tunisians  to  bear 
I  a  resemblance  to  oriental  races  of  bees, 
and  it  may  be  laid  down  as  a  general 
rule  that  all  of  these  races  defer  mat- 
ing longer  than  do  the  queens  of 
European  races,  so  that  it  is  a  common 
occurrence  to  find  Cyprian,  Syrian  and 
Palestine  queens  awaiting  until  the 
tenth,the  twelfth,  or  even  the  four- 
teenth day  before  mating.  It  is, 
however,  exceedingly  rare  for  them 
to  delay  beyond  this  period,  and 
I  have  reason  to  believe  that 
the  Tunisian  bees  are  even  less 
inclined  than  the  bees  of  more  eastern 
Mediterranean  countries  to  delay  in 
mating.  I  seriously  doubt  the  ac- 
curacy of  the  statement  made  by  Mr. 
Hewitt  to  the  effect  that  "they  will 
mate  all  I'ight  at  over  three  months 
old,''  at  least  if  he  means  thereby  to 
■  indicate  that  they  will  mate  and  be 
,  valuable  always  after  that  period.  I 
am  well  aware  that  queens  of  the  orien- 
tal races  stand  confinement  for  a  long- 
er period  than  those  of  other  races, 
and  will  mate  at  a  later  date  in  their 
existence,  but  I  have  not  found  it  ad- 
visable or  practical  to  keep  virgins 
that  I  wished  to  have  develop  into 
valuable  queens  caged  longer  than  two 
weeks. 

Mr.  Hewitt,  much  to  my  surprise,  in 
closing  his  article,  makes  statement  of 
a   fact  regarding   peculiarities   of   the 


Tunisians  which  would  form  sufficient 
reason  for  many  bee-keepers  to  utterly 
reject  the  race.  And,  notwithstanding 
his  statement  of  the  fact,  it  is  neverthe- 
less true.  I  refer  to  the  following: 
"If  you  remove  a  queen  and  then  on 
the  tenth  day  cut  out  every  queen  cell, 
fertile  workers  will  at  once  fill  all  the 
combs  with  eggs."  Think  of  that! 
Ten  days  after  the  removal  of  the 
queen  you  get  all  the  brood  combs 
of  your  hive  filled  with  drone  eggs  laid 
by  workers!  But  I  will  go  a  step  fur- 
ther than  Mr.  Hewitt,  and  will  state 
that  oftentimes,  upon  the  removal 
of  the  queen,  before  the  ten  days  have 
expired,  and  before  any  queen  cells 
have  been  removed,  vast  numbers  of 
eggs  will  be  laid  by  workers  in  the 
worker  brood-combs.  I  have  never 
known  them  to  rear  a  queen  from  any 
of  this  brood.  It  is  true  they  frequent- 
ly start  cells  on  such  brood,  but  a  dead 
drone  is  found  in  the  queen  cell  later. 

In  referring  to  the  introduction  of 
these  bees  into  various  climates,  Mr. 
Hewitt  says:  "They  have  made  them- 
selves at  home  in  every  country,  no 
matter  how  hot  or  how  cold,"  and  he 
also  conveys  the  idea  that  anyone  who 
has  once  tried  them  is  sure  to  pro- 
nounce them  superior  to  any  and  all 
other  races.  I  also  recall  that  Mr. 
Henry  Alley  said  of  them,  in  1891,  as 
quoted  by  Mr.  E.  L.  Pratt  on  Page  810, 
Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture,  for  October 
15,  1891:  "They  will  supersede  the 
Italians."  Notwithstanding  all  the  ef- 
forts to  bring  these  bees  forward 
prominently,  and  get  them  established 
in  this  country,  does  Mr.  Alley  still 
hold  to  this  view?  Does  Mr.  Pratt 
subscribe  to  it?  Has  anybody  in  this 
country  any  pure  Tunisian  ("Punic") 
bees  at  the  present  time?  My  own  be- 
lief is  that  we  have  far  better  bees,  far 
gentler  bees,  bees  that  are  equally  pro- 
lific, that  gather  less  propolis,  that  are 
handsomer,  that  are  less  inclined  to 
make  unprovoked  attacks  upon  peo- 
ple passing  through  or  near  the  apiary, 
and  that  in  general  may  be  manipulat- 
ed and  managed  for  profit  with  equally 
as  good  or  better  results,  and  far  more 
comfort.  I  do  not  believe  the  introduc- 
tion of  bees  from  Tunis  will  be  a  bene- 
fit to  American  apiculture. 

This  whole  subject,  in  my  opinion, 
as  presented  by  Mr.  Hewitt,  is  enlarg- 
ed quite  as  much  as  the  statements 
which  he  once  made  in  print  concern- 
ing the  settlement  of  the  problem  of 
mailing  queen  bees  on  long  journeys. 


I 


206 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


October, 


He  said  that  lie,  together  with  Mr.  Ben- 
ton, settled  the  whole  problem  of  mail- 
ing queens.  Yet,  as  a  matter  of  fact, 
not  one  single  suggestion  in  the  way  of 
form  of  cage,  the  food,  or  any  other 
point  suggested  by  Mr.  Hewitt  was 
either  practical  or  available  in  the 
final  settlement  of  that  problem,  and"  I 
hold  in  my  possession  a  letter  written 
by  him  in  which  he  criticizes  me  for 
"not  being  willing  to  adopt  any  single 
suggestion  which  he  made  on  the  sub- 
ject." I  cite  this  merely  for  compari- 
son to  show  with  what  a  large  grain  of 
salt,  and.  in  fact,  with  how  many 
gi-ains  of  salt  we  must  take  such  wild 
statements  as  appear  over  the  signa- 
ture of  Mr.  John  Hewitt. 

Washington,    D.    C,    September,    7, 
1904. 


SCIENTISTS   FROM  ABROAD. 


Russian  and  German  Commissioners  Investigate 

IVIethods  of  Bee  Culture  in  the  United 

States. 

By  M.  F.  Reeve, 

THE  Russian  Government,  in  the 
midst  of  "war's  rude  alarm," 
still  finds  time  to  pursue  scien- 
tific researches.  All  summer,  Profes- 
for  A.  Tethof,  a  distinguished  scientist, 
has  been  traveling  in  the  United  States, 
investigating  the  American  method  of 
bee  culture.  He  has  made  a  particular 
specialty  of  the  production  of  comb 
and  extracted  honey. 

He  will  probably  remain  in  the 
United  States  another  year,  continuing 
his  quest  for  information.  This  is 
embodied,  from  time  to  time,  in  reports 
to  the  Minister  of  Agriculture  at  St. 
Petersburg.  The  government  will 
avail  itself  of  the  results  of  these  re- 
ports for  the  general  benefit  of  the 
agricultural  classes  of  the  great  Rus- 
sian empire. 

M.  Tethof.  who  is  a  scholarly  looking 
individual  of  German  aspect,  has  im- 
pressed those  with  whom  he  has  come 
in  contact  with  the  breadth  of  his 
knowledge  on  the  special  subject  which 
he  has  been  pursuing. 

He  has  visited  all  the  large  apiaries 
during  the  summer,  particularly  those 
conducted  by  the  A.  I.  Root  Company, 
of  Ohio,  and  the  plants  of  the  Cogg- 
shalls  and  Alexander,  the  extensive 
producers  of  extracted  honey  in  New 
York  state. 

He  has  been  wonderfully  impressed, 
and  astonished  even,  by  the  up-to-date, 


rapid-fire  methods  of  the  Yankee  bee 
man  and  has  made  voluminous  notes 
which  will  be  of  service  to  him  later 
on. 

M.  Tethof  has  also  secured  many 
photographs  illustrating  the  various 
stages  of  handling  bees  and  their  pro- 
ducts. 

He  says  Russia  is  such  a  vast  coun- 
try, with  such  a  diversity  of  climate, 
that  he  can  compare  his  to  no  other 
countvry  except  the  United  States. 
Enormous  stretches  of  forest  and  plain 
exist  on  which  a  bee-hive,  or  even  a 
bee,  can  not  be  seen.  Even  Siberia, 
formerly  supposed  to  be  the  land  of 
snow  and  ice  has  a  genial  climate  dur- 
ing certain  months,  when  many  plants 
capable  of  yielding  honey  abound.  Yet 
colonies  of  bees  are  few  and  far  be- 
tween and  throughout  Russia  the  ap- 
pliances for  housing  and  handling  bees 
and  honey  are  of  the  most  primitive  de- 
scription. There  are  more  log  hives 
than  anything  in  use.  Y'et,  in  spite  of 
all  drawbacks,  honey  is  an  important 
article  of  food,  and  millions  of  pounds 
of  chunk  honey  are  consumed  every 
year. 

The  Government  desires  to  introduce 
American  methods  and  American  ma- 
chinery into  the  bee  industa-y  as  much 
as  possible  to  increase  production  and 
a  campaign  of  education  will  follow  M 
Tethof's  investigation. 

He  was  recently  the  guest  of  E.  L 
Pratt,  the  queen  breeder  of  Swarth- 
more.  Pa.,  who  gave  him  every  facilitj 
for  taking  notes  of  his  method  of  breed^ 
ing  queens  in  nuclei  of  a  handful  or  so 
of  bees.  The  Russian  was  astonishe6 
at  the  results.  He  will  probably  takp 
up  his  residence  in  Philadelphia  for  the 
winter  and  attend  a  special  scientifio^ 
course  at  the  University  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  having  been  very  favorably  im* 
pressed  by  the  cordiality  shown  to  him 
everywhere  and  anxious  to  improvf 
the  opportunity  afforded  by  his  stay. 

Another  distinguished  visitor  whoj 
will  make  his  appearance  in  this  couni 
try  soon,  is  "W.  A.  Hass.  attached  t« 
the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  ai 
Berlin,  Germany.  He  comes  as  l 
special  commissioner  to  investigate 
Yankee  methods  of  bee  culture. 

It  seems  that  the  German  bee-keepi 
ers  are  awakening  to  the  fact  that  th« 
Americans  by  their  superior  methods 
of  housing  and  handling  bees  for  pro 
ducing  comb  and  extracted  honeyi 
have  captured  much  trade  which  th«| 
Germans  formerly  monopolized. 


1904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


207 


The  German  (lOveniment.  through 
its  Agii-icultural  Bureau,  wants  to  find 
out  how  it's  being  done  and  sends  Mr. 
Hass  over  here  to  loolv  around  and 
gather  points.  The  result  will  be  the 
discarding  of  antiquated  makes  of 
hives  and  the  substitution  of  Amer- 
'  ican  hives  and  furniture,  it  is  predict- 
ed. 

Rutledge,   Pa.,   Sept.  13,  1904. 


The  photograph  was  snapped  by  Mr. 
H.  L.  Jones,  of  Goodna,  Queensland, 
at  a  short  distance  from  his  apiary 
during  one  of  his  rambles  through  the 
bush.  I  have  no  doubt  such  a  colony 
would  winter  easily  in  Queensland,  but 
I  should  think  there  would  be  greater 
risks  in  summcn*  from  the  heat.  Mr. 
Jones  says  that  "It  was  about  ten  feet 
from  the  ground  and  quite  exposed  to 


AN   OPEN   AIR   COLONY. 

IN  last  issue  I  gave  a  picture  of  a  very 
large  colony  of  bees  working  in  the 
open  air  on  the  limbs  of  a  lemon 
tree.  Certainly  the  limbs  and  leaves 
of  the  tree  offered  considerable  protec- 
tion to  the  bees.  In  this  issue  I  give  a 
picture  of  a  colony  working,  aye,  thriv- 
ing too,  on  the  underside  of  an  iron- 
bai'k  log  that  had  fallen  across  a  gully. 


the  sun  and  rain.  I  knew  of  its  ex- 
istence for  some  time  and  was  unable 
to  get  an  opportunity  to  photograph  it 
until  the  bees  had  swarmed  as  you 
will  note  they  did  from  the  queen  cells 
showing  on  the  edges  of  the  comb.  It 
must  have  been  a  strong  swarm  capa- 
ble of  covering  all  the  outside  combs, 
otherwise  they  would  certainly  have 
melted  down."    Mr.  Jones,  when  speak- 


208 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


October, 


ing  to  me  about  the  swarm,  regretted  down  through  the  bees.  This  seema 
that  he  was  unable  to  take  the  photo  rather  severe  treatment,  but  it  is  a 
before  the  swarm  issued,  but  I  think  sure  cure,  and  will  ett'ectually  dampea 
the  swarm  is  more  interesting  as  it  is,  their  ardor  for  the  time  being  and  they 
showing  that  they  can  thrive  in  the  will  forget  all  about  swarming  for  that 
open.  A  close  examination  of  the  pic-  day. 
ture  will  show  that  it  is  still  occupied  The  use  of  water,  as  above,  has 
by  the  number  of  bees  to  be  seen  on  saved  me  from  many  a  mix-up  when 
the  comb. — Australasian  Bee-kee^ier.  swarms  were  issuing  one  right  after 
the  other. 


NOTES    IN    GENERAL. 


By  O.  C.  Fuller. 


Bee-keepers  "  Too  Previous," 

Wonder  what  has  become  of  those 

formaldehyde^ — foul  brood — cure  shout 

et's?    Have  they   crawled  into  a  hole 

and  pulled  the  hole  in  after  them?  Ah 


The  Season,  Etc 
•DITOR  BEE  KEEPER:    Sometime   yes  I  see  they  have  be^n  in  the  hole 


EI 

ago  my  son  subscribed  for  The  but   have   come   out    again    and    hav€ 

American    Bee-Keeper    and    of  downed  the  new  cure,  at  least  the  Ohio  I 

course  I  read  it  too,  and  like  it  vei'y  Bee-Keepers  Association  has  done  so. 

much.  Aren't  we  bee  keepers  "a  little  toci 

The  past  winter  was  the  most  dis-  previous"  in  shouting  before  we  have 

asti'ous  on  bees  I  have  ever  known  in  given  a  thing  a  thorough  ti'ial? 

my  eighteen  years  of  beekeeping,  hav-  We  are  too  apt  to  begin  shouting  and 

ing  lost  over  half  of  m3'  colonies  by  the  to  rush   into  print — when  we  see  an 

time  settled  warm  weather  came  in  the  apparent  result  without  waiting  long 

spring.  enough  to  fully  test  it.     And  when  onei 

We  have  had  an  excellent  honey  flow  begins  to  shout  many  will  at  once  jump; 

so  far  this  season  and  I  have  about  fill-  up  and  follow  in  his  wake,  only  to  end! 

ed  up  the  vacant  places  (made  by  the  in  failure  and  disappointment.       So  i1 

past  winter  in  my  yard)  with  swarms;  has  been  with  the  formaldehyde  fouli 

and  swarming  still  continues.     In  fact,  brood  cure.    I  have  been  through  the; 

we    have   almost   a    continuous   honey  mill    and    know    what    I    am    talking, 

flow  from  April  till  firost,  and  of  course  about.     Someone    says    the    cause    ol 

have    the    attendant    swarming.    Last  your  failure  was  that  you  did  not  have 

year  I  had  swarms  come  off  up  to  Sept.  your  tank  tight  enough. 


Buckwheat, 
Large  quantities  of  buckwheat  are 


Well  I  had  my  tank  so  tight,  that 
placing  my  mouth  over  the  hole  in  thi| 
lid  and  blowing  into  it  the  air  wouW 


that  it  will  unite  with  the  gas  and  fori 
formic  acid."  Then  I  tried  it  that  waj 
and  occassionally  raised  the  lid,  and 
with  my  big  straw  hat  fanned  air  intfi 
it  with  a  vengeance  but  the  result  was 
the  same — failure!     Every  colony  thai 


grown  in  this  section,  and  I  have  never    force  back  on  removing  the  lips  fro 
known  it  to  entirely  fail  to  vield  honey;   the  hole  like  it  would  from  the  bung 
and    as    sowings    are   made    any    time   ^  barrel.    Then  some  other  fellow  go 
from  the  first  of  June  to  the  last  of   to   the   other  extreme  and  says   "Yo 
July,  the  honey  flow  from  it  is  conse-   iV"!^.i^i  .'?l^"*?l  ^^^'i?"  iV**'7°"^'  *^"^ 
quently  extended  over  several  weeks,    ^'   "  "^    '   '        ^ 
hence  the  bees  swarm  sometimes  more 
than    they    do    during    cloven-    bloom. 
Buckwheat  swarms  are  always  cross 
and  hard  to  handle  and  while  not  de- 
sirable, often  gather  enough  stores  for 
winter,  and  bv  the  aid  of  full  sheets  of    I  treated  with  the  gas  was  apparentlj 
foundation,  can  be  made  into  good  colo-   cured,  as  the  first  batch  of  brood  would 
nies  for  winter,  and  the  voung  queens    l^e    evenly    sealed   and    seemed    to    be 
raised  in  the  parent  colonies  make  the   liealthy.     But,  when  the  queen  wouW 
very  best  for  next  season's  work.  lay   in   the  cells   vacated  by  the  first 

batch  of  young  bees,  the  disease  woulc 
Handling  Swarms.  again  appear  with  all  its  virulence. 

In  casting  al^out  for  something  to  In  talking  with  foul  brood  inspectoi 
hold  biick  a  swarm  that  has  stiirted  to  Stewart  of  New  York  State,  he  inti-j 
issue  when  ;i  swarm  is  nlready  in  the  mated  that  the  gas  treatment  might  be 
jiir,  I  discovered  that  tlie  only  thing  all  eight  with  scientific  and  experienc-1 
that  would  stop  them  from  coming  out  ed  bee-keepers  but  that  it  would  be  a[ 
was  to  dash  a  pail  of  water  over  the  failure  in  the  hands  of  the  commonj 
frames,    so   that   the   water    will    I'un   run,  so  I  have  settled  down  to  the  con- 

II 


1904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


209 


"Swift  as  thought  the  flitting  shade 
*Thro'  air  liis  momentary  journey 
made." 


elusion  that,  when  a  colony  is   found  HARDSCRABBLE  LETTER  NO.  2. 

infected,  immediate  destruction  is  the  

■;afest  course  to  take.  A-h-h-h-h 

Yes,  we  bee-keepers  are  very  apt  to 
chase  after  every  ij,niis  fatuus  that 
iomes  along,  only  to  regret  it — after  we 
"ake  time  to  look  around  and  see  where 
we  are  at. 

Then  let  us  make  haste  slowly  in  Yes,  I  can  flit  when  I  have  to,  but  I 
chasing  after  eveii-y  now-fangled  thing  don't  have  to,  don't  want  to  and  don't, 
that  so  frequently  bobs  up  above  the  The  trouble  is  with  you  uns.  You  get 
bee-keeping  horizon.  nervous.     Now  nerves  are  a  nuisance, 

Turbotville,  Pa.,  Aug.  8,  1904.  most  wuss  nor  a  super-sensitive  con- 

science.    Oh  vou   needn't  run  over  in 

KEEPING  DOWN  AN  EXCESS   OF  your  mind  a  list  of  the  boys  to  see  who 


POLLEN. 


By  C.  S.  Harris. 


D 


has  one.  It  would  take  too  long  and 
the  final  collection  would  be  blamed 
small.  Consciences  interfere  powerful 
bad    with    the    "borrowing"    practice, 


EACON  HARDSCRABBLE  wish  4.       ,  ,  •  , 

es  I  would  tell  of  some  way  of  ^''^"f  troublesome  memories,  and  g-en- 
keeping  superfluous  pollen   out  f "f "^    T^    transgressors    uncomfor- 

table  for  which  reason,  Harry, 
you  will  find  most  of  the  boys 
keep  there's  locked  up  at  least 
six     days     in     the     week.       Talking 


if  the  hives.     This  is  something  I  have 

lever  sought  to  do.  for  in  those  cases 

v'here  it  was  crowding  the  brood-nest, 

vhen  brood  was  most  desirable,  I  have     ^  .  •     ^        ^       n       ,     ., 

emedied  the  trouble,  to  some  extent  ?^  .^„?"f,^'^^a^^. J"ll_"^!"L^"^_.^!^^! 


to  drink.     (Please  pass   some  of  that 

lemonade  of  Popp's.)  Why?  Oh  I  can't 

bother  to  say.    But  that  Hewitt  chap 

introduce  Punics  to 

uns  won't  have  'em 


t  least,  by  an  exchange  of  combs. 
To  tell  the  truth,  I  have  never  yet 
ound  it  necessary  to  remove  any  pol-    .      .  11  + 

?n  from  combs,  although  this  locality   ^^^^^^  ^^  ^^^'"^  ^^ 

3  strong  in  pollen,  for  the  bees  manage  ^'^  ""'^  ^"^^^  .""  *^  ,  t  *i  ^  ..  ^^  ^. 
o  make  use  of  it  in  the  course  of  the  ^^"^^^^^  "^l  ^}^'  f^*l  ]  thought  that 
gggQQ  you   were  trying   to  help  him  out  by 

I  have  run  up  against  more  than  one  ^"^^ing  that  article  from  the  "Field." 
eason  of  late  when  nothing  but  pollen   GeewhiHikms,   Harry,   didn  t  you   see 
*  '-  those     Punics     went    to    India    in     a 

"Holland's   gin  case''  and  when  they 
got    there    "were    fed    a    stimulating 


pas  being  stored,  and  I  assure  you  I 

welcomed  it.  even  if  in  undue  quality, 

or  I  have   learned  that  sugar   syrup  „  ^^        ^  t         ■       • 

.    not    a    complete    food,    but    ^hen  ^^y^P^  ^^'J  ^f  ^^' ^'^^«  ^°  »'°  ^^'^ 

ounded  out  with  pollen  will  answer  its  f  "*1  ^^^^  stimulants  need  never  expect 

urpose.     And  bees  are  better  engaged  *?  ^^  received  by  the    elect 'of  these 


diggings.  Never  for  an  instant,  my 
boy,  for  'twould  spoil  their  gold  brick 
trade. 

From  the  looks  of  the  trail  of 
Swarthmore's  queeui  and  drone  one 
wonders    what    kind    of    stimulating 


Holly  Hill,Fla.,  Feb.   12,  1904. 
Bees  Make  Record. 


1  bringing  in   pollen  than  in   nosing 
round  for  mischief. 
The  use  of  perforated  metal  at  the 
ntrance    of   hives,    when    pollen    was 
oming  in  too  freely,  might  give  some 

elief,  as  many  loads  will  be  scrapped  ^,        1,    ,    tt  n      /i    mi-      t  1 

rom  the  pollen  baskets  as  the  bees  ^^7"^  t^^T,^f  .•  Holland,  Flip,  Jvilep  or 
jj^gj,  what?     What  is  your  favorite.  Brother 

Swarthmore?      Mine's  Julep. 

Let's  see   "stimulating"   is  the  key- 
note of  the  feeding  habit.    I  just  won- 
der  where  the  boys  got  the  idea.     Y''ou 

Cross  Mills,   Pa.,   July  29.-One  of  d^'"',*  '^P^^^  '^^^^  ^°^'^^  «^  ^''^'^'   ^« 
ae  best  harvests  of   honey   ever   re-  ^^^j 
5rded  in  Berks  county,  was  made  by 
16  veteran  bee-keeper,  John   Dleffen- 
ack  who  is  considered  one  of  the  best  " 

ee  culturists  in  this  country.  From  The  Southwestern  Bee  Company,  H. 
)ur  colonies  of  bees  he  extracted  a  H.  Hyde.  Sec'y.,  4.3S  W.  Houston  St., 
narter  ton  of  honey.  San  Antonio,  "Texas,  is  a  new  subscrip- 

The  bees  are  known  as  Italian  bees,  tion  agency  at  which  patrons  of  The 
-Philadelphia  Inquirer.  Bee-Keeper  may  enroll. 


ell,  mv  pipe's  gone  out,  so  I  guess 
I'll   be  "flitting"       A-h-h-h-huh! 


THE 


Bee -Keeping  World 


staff  Contributors  :    F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ. 

Contributions  to  this  Department  are  solicited  from  all  quarters  of  the  earth. 


i» 


GERMANY.  ever  we  can  form  an  idea  from  othei 

circumstances.  It  is  of  importanc* 
Drone  Laying  Queens.— Dicliel  says  whether  we  find  irregularly  laid  eggil 
in  Die  Biene:  The  symptoms  of  a  ju  drone  cells  or  in  worlier  cells 
dtt-one  breeder  are,  "decrease  in  the  When  worker  bees  begin  to  lay  egg; 
number  of  workers  and  the  appear-  after  the  loss  of  a  queen  they  use  dron 
ance  of  small  drones  in  constantly  in-  cells  ri-incipally.  In  the  absence  o 
creasing  numbers.  Looking  into  the  drone  cells  it  requires  a  longer  tim. 
hive  the  brood  is  found  irregular,  the  before  the  workers  start  any  brood 
sealings  convex.  Some  of  the  larvae  when  a  queen  is  present  the  bees  be 
are  of  an  unhealthy  appearance  and  h^ye  normally.  They  prepare  to  rea 
perhaps  some  are  dead.  Eggs  are  scat-  worker  brood  and  clean  up  worke 
tering,  a  number  of  them  found  in  ^ells  only.  The  eggs,  though  in  irregi] 
single  cells.  These  characteristics  do  lar  fashion,  are  theirefore  found  in 
not  reveal  anything  about  the  origin  of  them.  To  cure  a  colony  afflicted,  ha\ 
the  eggs,  for  they  may  be  laid  either  by  i„g  ^  drone  laving  queen  is  simpl> 
a  worn-out  or  defective  queen,  or  by  enough,  for  such  will  accept  a  ne^ 
workers  when  the  colony  has  been  queen  after  the  removal  of  the  old  on 
without  queen  or  means  to  rear  one  ^s  easilv  as  any  other  colony.  The 
for  a  long  time.  It  has  been  taught  till  will  also  accept  a  ripe  cell  or  rear 
this,   that  queen   bees    always  deposit   qneen    themselves    from    young    broo 


given.     A  colony    with  laying  worker 


young  bees  can  be  made  to  start  cellsj^ 

A  dictionary  of  apicultural  terms  : 
one  of  the  latest  books  out.  Of  cours* 
it  is  in  German,  gotten  up  by  Dr,  ( 
Krancher.  Leipzig;  Two  thousand  fi'* 


tlierein. 


eggs  properly;  i.  e.,  securely  glued  to 

bottom   of   cell  and   standing  on   end,   '(^    not    so    easfly    cured.  ^  New    bloo 
while  eggs  deposited  by  workers  show   ^^st  be  infused  first  bv  giving  comt 
up    irregular.      I    found    after     mak-   ^f   hatching   brood.    After   that  thes 
ing     numerous     experiments     that     a 
part  of  the  eggs  laid  by  workers  show- 
ed  up  regularly,   some  otherwise  and 
lying  on  their   sides,   attached   to   the 
bottom    or    sides    of    cells.     The    eggs 
from  queens  which  had  been  prevent- 

ed    froni   mating,    appear   exactly   the  hundred 'terms  are  properly  explaine 
same.     The    eggs    of    normal    queens 
wether  they  are  worker  eggs   (fertili- 
zed eggs)  or  drone  eggs  (so-called  un-       „       ,  .     ^.     „.  ^  , 
fertilized    eggs)    are   always    put   into       ^  urth  says  m  Die  Biene:   to  mat 
cells    regularlv    (glued    to"  bottom    of  bees  amiable  let  them  fill  up  on  '  hoi^ 
cells    and    standing    on    end.    inclined   ey"  to  avoid  robbing;   do  not  feed 
more  or  less).     The  fact  that  worker   spi'ing  but  give  enough  in  the  fall  1 
and  drone  eggs   (fertile  and  unfertile  last  till  honey  comes  again." 
eggs)   laid  by  a  normal  queen  appear 

the  same,  is  a  proof  that  the  mating  of       Reidenbach  advocates  handling  bee 
the  queen  bee  has  also  influenced  the   during  the  early  hours  of  the  day.    I 
eggs  which  are  to  produce  drones.   And   the  morning,  he  says,  during  June  an 
by  the  way.  another  proof  is:     Young.    July  as  early  as  4  o'clock, 
unmated  queens  continue  laying  eggs 

but   for  a   few  months,  which   mated  Even    the   advertisements   In  >ot 

queens     continue    for    several    years,   foreign  exchanges  are  of  interest 
(even  laying  drone  eggs.)  looking  over  the  Lepz.  Bienenzeitu! 

It  appears  that  we  cannot  .iudge  as  to  we  find  the  following  articles  etc., 
the  origin  of  the  eggs  from  the  manner  fered  sor  sale:    Honey-extractor  whll 
the  eggs  are  found  in  the  cells,  how-  works  without  can;  foundation  mo'' 


1 


904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


211 


or    small   bee-keepers    to    make   their 
\vn    foundation,    queen    bees    of    all 
inds,   as  the  browu  or   German,   the 
talian,    Cj'priau    Carniolan,    Northern 
r     Norwegian,      Red-clover      queens, 
leath  bees,  crosses  of  all  and  any  of 
lie  above  named.     There  seems  to  be 
large  business  done  In  bees  by  the 
ound  or  swarm,  particularly  in  Heath 
ud   Carniolani   bees.     Bee    hives    are 
dAcrtised  in  large  numbers  from  the 
traw-skep   up  to   the   most  elaborate 
Pavillion."    Even  Dr.  Dzierzon  is  still 
1  this   business  selling  hives   of  any 
iiul.  but  particularly  his  "twin  hive." 
iiiong    other    supplies    we    also    find 
ood  for  brood  frames.     This  is  soft 
ood,  sawed  in  strips  about  one  inch 
ide  and  1-4  inch  thick.    Tobacco  ad- 
ertisements  figiire  quite  prominently, 
count  eight  or  ten  sugar  advertise- 
lents,  offering  fruit  sugar,  uncolored 
eet    sugar,    crystalized    sugars,    malt 
Ligar.    crystal    sugar    free    from    sul- 
furic acid,  etc.    Honey  is  freely  ad- 
ertised,    much    more    freely    than    in 
merica  although  comb  honey  is  sel- 
3m  advertised,  and  perhaps  little  pro- 
uced.     Different    shaped    glass    cans 
ir  holding  honey  are  offered  by  many 
rms.     Some  glass  cans  to  hold  as  lit- 
e  as  one-quarter  pound  and  up  to  five 
lounds.     Many  other  things  might  be 
.  inumerated,  but  we  will  let  this  suffice. 


BELGIUM. 


Mr.  C.  P.  Dadant  writes  to  the 
Rucher  Beige: 

"At  the  beginning,  there  is  no  differ- 
ence in  the  appearance  of  the  diseased 
brood,  whether  it  is  foul  brood,  black 
brood  or  pickled  brood.  Later  a  con- 
siderable difference  is  seen.  In  cases 
of  foul  brood,  the  dead  ba-ood  becomes 
brown,  nearly  liquid  and  of  a  glue-like 
nature,  while  in  the  other  diseases  it 
dries  out  completely  to  the  extent  of 
sometimes  falling  off  from  the  walls 
of  the  cells. 

"Last  summer  two  of  my  neighbors 
had  diseased  bees.  In  less  than  a 
month  the  bees  were  cured  through  a 
treatment  with  oil  of  eucalpytus.  The 
process  Avas  to  put  some  wool  cotton 
saturated  with  the  oil  in  a  small  box 
with  a  perforated  cover  and  put  the 
box  in  the  infected  hive.  The  oil  was 
renewed  every  fourth  day  until  com- 
pletely cured.  I  found  the  formalde- 
hyde ineffective.  There  is  no  danger 
of  getting  foul  brood  from  foundation. 
The  melted  wax  impregnated  with 
spores  and  entombed  in  a  sheet  of  wax 
will  never  rise  from  the  dead.  " 

Frequently  spring  or  well  water  con- 
tains some  iron.  If  used  in  melting 
wax,  the  iron  is  liable  to  darken  the 
was  considerably .^Le  Rucher  Beige. 


SWITZERLAND. 

J  The    district    around    Wynental    is 

■afflicted  with  foul  brood.    The  rather 

idical     means     of     destroying     bees, 

>mbs   and    all,    except   the   hives,    is 

racticed  to  eradicate  the  disease. 


Foul  brood  is  also  reported  from 
lussnacht,  Solothurn  and  Berne. — 
chweiz.  Bztg. 


The  question  is  asked  in  the  same 
aper:  "Why  are  queens  from  the  first 
atch  better  than  those  of  the  second 
le?"     (Are  they  any  better?) 


The  Schweiz.  Bienenzeitung  publish- 
^  the  names  of  hotel  and  resorts 
here  only  genuine  honey  is  served. 
A.  splendid  idea.) 


Spuehler  tells  in  Schweiz.  Bztg.  of 
aving  invented  a  reversible  extractor; 
le  need  of  such,  he  says,  has  been 
^It  a  long  time.  His  machine  is  min- 
tely  described  and  illustrated.  Its 
)nstruction  differs  from  the  Cowan. 


Mr.  Gunther  attempted  to  calculate 
the  cost  of  wax  in  honey  or  sugar.  He 
lodged  a  strong  swarm  on  frames  hav- 
ing only  very  small  starters,  added  a 
comb  of  pollen  and  fed  15  pounds  of 
sugar  during  the  following  two  weeks. 
As  the  weather  happened  to  be  rainy 
the  bees  could  not  gather  anything  out- 
side. At  the  end  of  the  two  weeks 
there  was  enough  comb  built  to  fill  11 
half  frames.  The  brood  occupied  six 
and  there  was  about  four  pounds  of 
syrup  in  the  others,  some  of  it  capped. 
Counting  the  cost  of  sugar  and  the 
value  of  the  brood,  the  cost  of  the 
comb  contained  in  a  frame  would  be 
only  five  cents.  The  size  of  the  frame 
is  liot  given.  If  it  is  the  Dadant-Blatt 
the  11  half  frames  would  be  equivalent 
to  about  eight  American  L.  frames.  If 
it  is  the  DeLayens,  it  would  be  con- 
siderably more. — LeRucher  Beige. 

At  Baden-Baden,  some  women  were 
arrested  for  selling  adulterated  honey .^ 
The  buyer,  a  hotel  keeper,  was  sum- 
moned as  witness.  On  being  asked 
whether  he  knew  the  honey  was  adul- 
terated, he  said  he  did.  The  judge 
then  asked  him  why  he  had  bought  it. 


I 


212  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  Octobw; 

The  man  very  coolly  answered  that  can  invention,  the  wooden  cell-cups, 
when  he  bought  genuine  honey  his  Jung-Klaus  apparently  has  difficulties 
guests  ate  too  much  of  it!— Le  Rucheic  in  distinguishing  between  myth  anfl 
Beige.  reality. 


FRANCE.  THE   MARKET   CONDITION. 

Mr.  Dufour  has  made  some  observa-  A  circular  letter  issued  to  the  tradi 
tions  on  the  laying  of  the  queens  or  by  one  of  the  most  extensive  importer 
rather  on  the  brood  raised.  The  larg-  of  honey  in  New  York  is  to  the  effec 
est  amount  from  his  best  colony  was  that  a  representative  of  the  firm  ha 
an  average  of  1627  eggs  per  day  dur-  just  returned  from  a  tour  of  inspectior 
ing  the  period  between  June  10th  and  through  Cuba,  and  that  he  finds  pros 
July  1st.  The  same  colony,  between  pects  good  for  a  large  crop  of  hone) 
April  9th  and  April  30th,  showed  a  during  the  coming  season.  This  houa 
daily  average  of  1,120  eggs.  Another  advises  its  patrons  that  it  has  its  ow) 
colony,  much  weaker,  produced  only  man  "on  the  ground"  in  Cuba,  that  h 
an  average  of  771  eggs  between  April  is  acquainted  with  the  bee-kepers  am 
30th  and  May  21st.  These  figures  is  in  a  position  to  handle  Cuban  com 
were  obtained  by  counting  the  brood  and  extracted  honey  to  great  advair 
present  and  therefore  refers  to  the  tage;  and  that  only  strictly  white,  welt 
brood  raised.  The  queens  may  have  filled  sections  will  be  shipped.  Tii 
laid  a  much  greater  number  of  eggs  quality,  it  is  assured,  will  be  A-1,  an 
than  that.  prices  as  low,  if  not  lower,  than  for  d. 

Mr.  Layens  measured  on  April  15th   mestic  goods.     Oh,  no!     "The  Amer  jo 
the   brood   contained  in   his   best  col-   can  producer  has  nothing  to  fear  froi 
onies.      He    found   a    total    of    13.496   West  Indian  competition." 
square  centimeters.     This  would  cor-        if  only  the   product  of  the  Unite 
respond  for  each  colony  to  a  daily  av-    States  were  to  be  considered,  it  is  sal 
erage  laying  of  only  304  eggs.  to  sav  that  prices  would  be  higher  th d 

Mr.  Dufour  adds  that  the  queens  lay  fall  than  in  years;  but  with  the  heaT 
considerably  more  eggs  than  the  bees  foreign  competition  that  is  developln 
use.  In  one  of  his  experiments,  he  it  appears  that  prices  are  bound  to  ru 
found  some  850  eggs  laid  which  dis-  even  lower  than  at  present,  regardles 
appeared  instead  of  being  raised  as  of  the  extent  of  the  domestic  produc 
brood.— L'Apitculteur.  Conditions    throughout   the    Union 

present   are   such   that  the    Americ? 
ENGLAND.  markets  could  hardly  be  supplied  th 

The  Dundee-Advertiser  reports  the  y^'^^'  ^^  ^^  ^^''^  obliged  to  rely  upc 
following  apicultural  whopper:  While  ^^'^  ^J^l  resources;  yet  the  mdicatioi 
D.  Cooper  was  driving  from  Colliston  ^J^  ^.^^f  ?e  seaboard  cities  will  ha; 
to  his  farm  a  swarm  of  bees  followed  ^^^*^  ^^^^^^  ""{^^^""'Su  ^a"""^^-  ^"^  ""^ 
them.  Suddenly  the  queen  bee  of  the  f  P"^^^  ^^^^  ^^^V^^^  American  pr. 
swarm     entered    the     mouth    of     the  <^"^er  could  meet  with  profit. 

horse  and  the  whole  swarm  followed  

taking      possession      of      the      horses  HONEY   IN   COURT  HOUSE. 

stomach.     The  horse  died  in  agony."  ^  colony  of  bees  took  up  their  aboo 

in  the  ceiling  and  under  the  floors 
AUSTRIA.  the  County  Court  House  in  Belvider 

Jung-Klaus  says  in  Deutsche  Imker,  N.  Y.,  some  months  ago,  and  made  lo 
a  regular  bee-keeper  should  have  no  of  honey.  Sheriff  Barker  and  Coun' 
robbing  in  his  yards.  In  other  words  Clerk  Frith  concluded  they  were  e 
he  should  not  allow  weak  or  queenless  titled  to  gome  of  the  sweets  of  this  lit 
colonies.  Jung-Klaus  also  advises  not  instead  of  the  Freeholders  having  thei 
to  disturb  bees  during  the  honey  flow,  all,  and  raided  the  bees,  using  aS' 
He  observed  that  a  colony  not  disturb-  weapon  a  peck  or  two  of  sulpht 
ed  had  gained  four  pounds  above  one  which  they  burned  to  dislodge  tl 
disturbed  during  one  day.  bees. 

The  fertilization  or  mating  in  a  glass  They  then  secured  about  seven* 
bottle  is  reported  by  Jung-Klaus  in  five  pounds  of  honey,  which  they  vt 
Deutsche  Imker  as  being  an  American  turn  over  to  the  Freeholders  to  he 
invention.  He  has  his  fun  over  the  pay  the  election  bills. — ^Philadelph: 
matter  as  w^ell  as  over  another  Ameri-  Evening  Telegraph. 


! 


304. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


213 


Publishers  who  have  been  making 
use  of  the  old  canard  about  "manu- 
factured comb  liuney"  have  been 
brought  to  realize  the  fact  that,  even 
if  the  bee  is  reported  to  have  been 
•■put  out  of  business,''  there  are  yet  a 
number  of  bee-keepers  in  the  country. 


PUBLISHED  MONTHLY. 

HE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MANFG.  Co. 

PROPRIETORS. 
H.    E.    HILL,  -  EDITOR, 

FORT  PIERCE,  FLA- 


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THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER, 

Falconer,  N.  Y. 
Articles  for  publication  or  letters  exclus'' 
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The  accepted  belief  that  queens 
never  mate  but  once,  is  being  sub- 
jected to  questioning  more  or  less 
severe  from  various  sources.  It 
is  not  altogether  improbable  that 
Ave  have  yet  something  to  learn 
in  regard  to  this  point,  hither- 
to supposed  to  have  been  established  as 
a  fact  beyond  question. 


Some  breeders  make  a  specialty  of 
supplying  virgin  queens  for  the  trad6. 
If  these  are  from  some  certain  stock 
with  which  the  buyer  is  acquainted 
and  satisfied,  the  plan  may  be  satisfac- 
tory; but  a  vin'gin  queen  affords  no 
means  of  testing  the  qualities  of  an 
unknown  race  or  strain.  In  fact, 
where  but  one  or  two  queens  are  to  be 
tested,  nothing  short  of  a  selected, 
tested  mother  affords  any  satisfactory 
material  from  which  to  deteti'mine  the 
merits  of  the  stock.  If  a  virgin  proves 
worthless,  it's  easy  for  the  breeder  to 
cliarge  the  fault  to  the  male  parent; 
which,  indeed,  he  might  consistently 
do. 


A  Scarborough,  N.  Y..  correspondent 
rites  a  very  commendatccy  letter  in 
'gard  to  The  Bee-Keeper's  edi- 
)rial  policy  in  general  and  recom- 
lends  strict  adherence  thereto  in  the 
itm'e.  It  is  gratifying  to  receive  such 
ersonal  expressions  of  appreciation 
nd  approval,  as  well  as  to  get  cour- 
'ous  letters  of  criticism.  They  all  help, 
nd  foe-  this  assistance  our  readers 
ave  our  thanks. 


Notwithstanding  the  announcement, 
upon  several  occasions,  that  the  editor 
of  The  Bee-Keeper  has  but  one  colony 
of  "Punic"  bees,  and  has  had  these  less 
than  a  year,  we  have  recently  received 
several  urgent  n'equests  that  we  give 
our  personal  opinion  of  these  bees.  To 
all  of  these  we  can  but  repeat  that  our 
personal  experience  is  necessarily  too 
meagre  to  support  any  well  defined 
opinion.  Opinions  without  some  foun- 
dation are  worthless.  The  individual 
colony  in  our  possession  this  season 
was  the  only  one  in  an  apiary  of  sixty 
colonies  that  cast  a  swarm.  They  have 
been  active  honey  gatherers  and  have 
been,  under  all  circumstances,  very 
gentle  and  amiable.  The  queen  is 
more  than  ordinarily  prolific.  Read- 
ers who  are  interested  in  the  subject 
are  now  in  possession  of  all  knowledge 
in  regard  to  "Pnnic''  bees  that  is  at  the 
writer's  command.  Elsewhere  in  this 
number  of  The  Bee-Keeper,  however, 
Professor  Benton  gives  his  own 
"opinion"  and  "experience,"  as  opposed 
to  that  of  INIr.  Hewitt  which  appeared 
in  these  columns  last  month. 


I 


214 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


October. 


FIRST  CIVIL  SERVICE  EXAMINA- 
TION IN  APICULTURE. 


an  and  their  crosses  with  selecte 
strains  of  the  blacks,  or  Germans.  W 
are  not  so  particular  as  we  once  wer  fii 
The  first  Civil  Service  examination  to  have  all  stock  like  Royal  Bakin  ,|i 
in  apiculture  ever  ordered  by  the  Unit-  powder— "absolutely  pure."  It  shoul 
ed  States  Government  bears  date  of  be  borne  in  mind  bv  the  inexperience* 
July  29,  1904,  and  occured  August  31st,  however,  that  there  are  very  inferic 
and  was  conducted  to  secure  eligibles  stt-ains  of  Italians  in  existence;  an 
from  which  to  make  certification  to  fill  purity  is  by  no  means  a  guarantee  < 
a  vacancy  in  the  position  of  Apicul-  excellence  in  any  race  of  bees.  0 
tural  Clerk  (eitheir  sex),  at  a  salary  of  the  other  hand,  excellent  strains  ma 
$720  per  year,  in  the  Bureau  of  Ento-  be  found  among  any  of  the  varioi 
mology,  U.  S.  Department  of  Apicul-  races.  A  little  careful  selection— wit 
ture,  and  other  similar  vacancies  as  a  keen  eye  solely  to  the  matter  of  desi 
they  may  occur  in  that  Department,  able  traits  or  qualities,  will  result  in 
The  examination  consisted  of  the  fol-  short  time  in  the  development  of 
lowing  subjects,  and  were  weighted  as  satisfactory     strain.       Being     select( 


indicated: 

^^'eights. 
Spelling    (twenty    words    of    more    than 

average   difficulty)    3 

Arithmetic  (fundamental  rules,  fractions, 

percentage,   interest,   discount,    analysis. 


with  a  view  to  acquiring  the  particul, 
habits  or  character  which  our  indivi 
ual  requirements  remand,  the  result  < 
such  selection  will  correspond.  Anothi 
apiarist,  difEerently  situated  and  with 
different  object  in  view,  might  not  a 


and  statement  of  simple  accounts S  predate  the  Very   qualities  which  T 


3.  Letter-writing   (a  letter  of  not  less  than 

150  words  on  some  subject  ot  general 
interest.  Competitors  will  be  permitted 
to  select  one  of  two  subjects  given) •      7 

4.  Penmanship     (the     handwriting     of     the 

competitor  in  the  subject  of  copying 
will  be  considered  with  special  refer- 
ence to  the  elements  of  legibility, 
rapidity,  neatness,  general  appearance, 
etc.)    3 

5.  Copying  (a  test  consisting  of  two  exer- 

cises— the  first  to  be  an  exact  copy  of 
the  matter  given,  and  the  second  to  be 
the  writing  of  a  smooth  copy  of  rough- 
draft  manuscript,  including  the  correc- 
tion of  errors  of  spelling,  capitalization, 
syntax,    etc.)    5 

6.  Copying  from    plain   copy    (writing    with 

the  typewriter  an  exercise  consisting  of 
450   words,    paragraphing,   spelling,   cap- 


liave  striven  to  secure  for  our  person 
use. 

From  the  knowledge  at  our  coi 
mand,  however,  we  believe  the  leatht 
colored  Italian  and  the  German 
safe  a  base  upon  which  to  build  as  ^ 
have,  though  it  appears  to  be  the  pa 
of  wisdom  to  test,  to  a  limited  extei 
new  varieties  and  races,  in  order  to 
in  a  position  to  acquire  or  adopt  a: 
commending  traits  they  may  be  fou 
to  possess. 


THE  ADVANCE  OF  APICULTUR 
Apiculture  is  now  officially  recogn 
ed  by  the  United  States  Governme 
at  Washington,  and  is  on  a  solid  fO' 
ing,  equal  with  other  branches  in  t 
Department  of  Agriculture. 

Our  old   friend  and   occasional  cc 


italizing,    and   punctuating   precisely    as  ,    .,      ,  ^   ,       ,,    ^       i  .  ^  nr-    i  • 

....  -10  tributor,  John  M.  Rankin,  of  Michigj 

in  the  copy)    J-'i  .,    ^^  '    ,.  _~i.-_   •»f-„,.A:„     ^j:    n^^ "„. 

7.  Copying  from  rough  draft  (the  competi- 
tor will  be  required  to  make,  with  the 
typewriter,  a  fair  copy  of  a  rough-draft 


and  Mr.  Leslie  Martin,  of  Tenness 
have  recently  been  appointed  "Spec 
Agents  in   Apiculture,"  to  assist  A 

Th< 


..^j.. .......  ....  o  ^  cultural    Investigator   Benton.      Th 

'ractical"  questions ' in  apicuhure:  ■.'.■.....    50   ''Special  Agents  in  Apiculture"  will 


Total 


located  in   Washington,    but  at  tire 

100  will  go  out  for  field  observations  a 


work. 

All    reading   bee-keepers    nre   aw£ 
that  this  progress  is  but  an  outgrow 


THE  BEST  BEE. 

W.  M.  B.,  Spartanburg,  S.  C,  writes  of  the  years  of  quiet,  persistent  vm 
to  ask  what  is  the  best  bee  we  have  that  has  been  brought  to  bear  at  Was 
tried  for  the  South.  ington  by  Prof.   Benton,  and  the  f 

We  have  not  tried  all  the  different  ternity  owe  to  him  a  debt  of  gratitu» 

races;   but  have  introduced  many  dif-  ■ 

ferent  strains  of  Italians,  and  know  of  Correspondence  schools  of  bee-ke 
no  better  bee  for  either  the  North  or  ing  are  springing  up  at  divers  plae 
the  South  than  the  three-banded  Itali-  Great  scheme — for  the  "schools." 


l'J04. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


215 


•HARVESTING    BEE    STINGERS." 

Several  readers  have  called  our  at- 
L'litiou  to  an  article  in  tlie  Fhiladel- 
hia  North  American  for  August  8, 
la  bora  ting  the  details  of  a  great  in- 
ustry  carried  on  at  Jenkintown,  N. 
.,  by  W.  A.  Selser,  in  extracting  bee 
lings  to  secure  the  poison  for  medical 
urposes.  While  it  is  not  improbable 
tiat  Mtt".  Selser  makes  something  of  a 
nsiness  of  supplying  chemists,  as  in- 
irated,  the  article  is  for  the  most  part 
Itsurd  and  ludicrous.  The  following 
aragraph  will  suffice  to  illustrate  the 
eneral  foolishness  .  of  the  thing  as 
ublished: 

Doesn't  Hurt  the  Bee. 

'As  the  loss  of  the  stinger  does  not 
nterfei*e  with  the  honey-producing 
apacitj'  of  the  bees,  the  apiarists  are 
nding  fortune  in  the  newly  discover- 
d  cuH:e,and  a  gi'eat  impetus  has  been 
iven  to  bee  cultivation.  The  stingers 
ring  $8  or  $9  a  thousand." 


THAT  "PUZZLE." 
In   The   Bee-Keeper   for   July,   page 
4S,  was  published  a  puzzling  question, 
nd  we  offered  $1.00  for  the  best  solu- 
on  of  the  matter  sent  in  by  a  begin- 

'ffer  before  July  15th.  Professional 
piarists  as  well  as  amateurs  have  sent 
1  replies,  but  to  present  writing  we 
re  at  a  loss  to  tell  who  is  entitled  to 
le  dollar,  for  the  reason  that,  to  the 
ditor's  mind  not  one  reply  has  really 

ri|ierited  the  reward.  There  seems  to 
are  been  no  "best"  or  "most  plausi- 
le"  solution  received. 
We  have  waited  patiently  for  some- 
ne  else  to  solve  the  problem,  but  as  no 
plausible  solution"  has  come  to  hand, 
tie  editor  gives  his  oavu  deferred  re- 

^:.  ponse,  foe-  which  W.  H.  F.  has  asked. 

Is  follows: 

Bereft  of  brood,  queen  and  all  else 
ertaining  to  "home,''  and  placed  in  a 
lark  room,  it  is  the  most  natural  thing 
1  the  world  that  a  cluster  of  bees,  in 
esponse  to  the  "call"  from  some  lone 

_'j  idividual,  should  congregate  some- 
'^here  in  the  room;  and  the  most  likely 

^  lace  would  be  in  one  of  the  supers. 

;!,  Tnder  similar,  or  the  same  conditions 
uch  a  chister  has  been  known  to  dc- 
elop  laying  workers  and  attempt  to 
stablish  themselves  independently. 
Then  such  a  cluster  was  brushed  he- 
are  a  hive,  lost  and  lonely,  they  would 
sadlly   enter  any   hive.    Though   war 

'jj  '■Quid  result  to  a  greater  or  less  extent 

''^*'  any   time,    fighting    would    be    the 


more  intense  and  determined  at  night. 
This  is  The  American  Bee-Keeper's 
solution.  If  W.  Z.  Iltitchinson  or  E.  K. 
Root,  Beedom's  supremo  .judge.s,  will 
supply  (to  their  own  minds)  a  moire 
"plausible  solution,"  they  may  either 
one,  or  each,  have  a  dollar. 


Elditof  Adelsbach,  of  the  Western 
Bee  Journal,  summarizes  the  apicul- 
tural  situation  in  California  about  as 
follows:  4,000  bee-keeperSi  (luite  a 
number  of  which  have  from  1,000  to  1,- 
500  colonies,  while  one  man  controls 
8,000  colonies.  It  is  estimated  that 
there  is  within  the  state  about  3O0- 
000  colonies,  representing  an  invest- 
ment of  $1,500,000,  and  an  annual  ex- 
penditure of  $250,0<J0.  The  value  of 
the  annual  product  is  about  $1,250,000. 


We  shall  be  pleased  to  have  brief 
reports  of  the  season  from  our  readers. 
Matter  for  publication  should  be  writ- 
ten upon  only  one  side  of  the  paper; 
lines  should  not  be  too  closely  written, 
and  a  margin  should  always  be  left 
at  side  and  top  of  sheet.  The  editor's 
chief  delight  is  in  receiving  letters 
from  his  readers:  but  he  begs  to  sug- 
gest that  before  writing,  each  one  will 
kindly  pick  up  all  the  lead  pencils  in 
the  house,  walk  away  two  or  thtree 
miles  and  lose  every  one  of  them. 


One  of  our  northern  correspondents 
seems  to  take  a  special  delight  when 
writing  our  southern  office,  in  alluding 
to  the  fact  that  Florida  has  but  five 
members  of  the  National  Association. 
Does  he  not  know  that  every  state 
maintains  a  similar  or  larger  percen- 
tage of  bee-keepers  who  remain  on 
the  outside  in  order  to  be  qualified  to 
administer  impartial  and  unbiased  ad- 
vice, as  well  as  expert  criticism? 


Mr.  W.  W.  McNeal,  our  staff  cor- 
respondent, of  Wheelersburg,  Ohio,  has 
met  a  failure  in  the  honey  crop  this 
season,  excepting  a  small  quantity  of 
very  dark  stock.  Mr.  McNeal  is. 
however,  vtery  philosophical,  besides 
being  a  veritable  mocking  bird  at 
whistling,  and  he  is  already  warbling 
merrily  as  he  contemplates  the  rich 
possibilities  of  the  future  and  makes 
preparation  for  the  season  of  1905. 


An  exchange  says,  in  substance,  that 
the  greatest  enemy  of  the  bee  is  the 
ignorant  bee-keeper. 


216 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


October, 


Goozenheimer  nnd  the  "Bee  Cure." 


I  haf  been  out  to  der  voods  mit  Vig- 
glesburger,  also  Dr.  Schuhorner,  vare 
ve  bat  der  time  uf  our  lives.  Viggles- 
burger  hat  der  rheumatism  und  ve  der 
experience. 

Der  event  camed  aboud  as  following. 
A  day  or  two  ago  recently  Viggles- 
burger  passed  by  mein  delicatessen 
shop  and  set,  "Henrich,  nefer  vos  I  so 
diseouragemends  mit  dese  rheuma- 
tisms, nefer.  I  haf  tried  efery  dings 
under  der  vays  uf  der  sun  to  cure  me 
disailment,  but  today  I  am  more  un- 
vellness  den  nefer  before  or  after- 
wards. Vot  now  to  did  I  cannod  find 
cud." 

"Vhy  is  you  so  dejected  mit  der  mel- 
ancholy uf  your  ailment  ven  der  med- 
ical science  vos  nefer  so  vonderness  as 
today?"  I  set. 

"Vot  haf  der  medical  science  to  did 
mit  rheumatism?"  set  Vigglesburger, 
exciting  his  speakings.  "Haf  I  nod 
dem  all  tried,  Henrich,  from  archeolo- 
gy und  entomology  down  to  trigonom- 
etry und  zoology,  also  including  oster- 
apathy,'' 

"Veil,  vel,"  I  set,  "vhat  you  did  for 
you  railment  mit  in  der  few  days  or 
a  veek  recendly?" 

"Vhat  haf  I  did?"  set  Vigglesburger, 
using  a  tone  to  his  voice  like  vould 
call  der  police,  "listen  your  attention 
alretty.  Lasd  veek  I  took  me  der  cold 
water  cure.  'Drink  concopiously  uf 
vater,'  set  der  physicianer,  '11  or  8 
gallons  a  day.'  Und  I  dit  id,  Goozie. 
Den  came  annudder  physicianer  und 
he  set  ids  dropsy  you  haf,  und  pre- 
scribed me  un  engine  to  pump  me 
quick  out.  After  dot  camed  annudder 
physicianer  und  he  set:  'See  her, 
you're  starving  your  pores,  und  also 
your  body.  Id's  rheumatism  uf  der 
appitite  you  haf.  Ead,  ead,'  he  set, 
'ead  like  a  pig— you  need  id  der 
strength  to  fight  der  disease.' 

"Veil,  I  eated  und  eated,  Heinrich, 
till  mein  interior  departments  vent  in- 
to der  receiver's  hands,  und  efery - 
dings  I  ate  vent  straight  to  meiu 
stomach. 

"Den  annudder  physicianer  came. 
Set  he:  'Ids  a  diet  you  vnnt,'  and  or- 
dered some  sparrow  bird's  milk  and 
canary  bird  seed.  Der  canary  bird  seed 
vill  make  you  so  chipper,  but  vos  I  so 
chipper  ven  I  fell  downstairs  from  der 
veakness   I   hat?" 

"Vigglesburger  made  a  silence  as  he 


paused  his  remarks  to  a  stillness,  vile 
I  vent  to  a  mirror  for  reflections. 

"Vait,  vait,"  I  set,  "haf  you  heard 
uf  der  'bee  cure?' "  as  suddenly  der 
memory  handed  oud  its  remembrance, 
"Now  dots  a  cure  vot  is  a  cure.  In  ids 
infancy  id  is,  bud  scientifikers  claim  id 
der  greadest  dlscofery  uf  der  time  un^ 
der  age." 

"Vot  to  dit  mit  rheumatisms  hal 
bees?"  set  Vigglesburger,  witoui 
showing  der  least  particle  uf  aston 
ishes  on  der  weather  exposure  uf  his 
countenance. 

"Uf  tomorrow  ve  can  get  Dr.  Schu 
horner  to  accompany  us,"  I  set,  "ve  vil 
visit  der  voods  und  also  der  bees." 

Dr.  Schuhoi'ner  consented,  so  de 
nexd  day  ve  vent  to  der  forest.  Threi 
hours  later  der  doctor  discovered  somi 
bees  in  der  trunlv  uf  a  tree,  und  de 
treatment  uf  Vigglesburger  for  hi 
rheumatism  commenced. 

"Strp  yourself  uf  eferydings  bu 
your  balbriggans,"  set  der  doctor,  "um 
take  your  stand  dare  in  front  uf  de 
tree." 

Vigglesburger  took  his  stand  as  h( 
roicals  as  der  Dewey  arch. 

"Id's  mein  opinion,"  set  der  doctoi 
"dot  8  or  12  stings  vill  suwcient  yo 
yet.  Bee  stings  vos  poison,  und  as  i 
takes  like  to  cure  like,  vhich  I  beliv. 
der  old  theory,  your  ailment  Vill  fle 
like  birds  on  der  viing." 

Eferydings  vos  readiness  und  I  pol 
ed  ad  der  tree  to  bring  out  der  bees. 

"Gently  ad  first,"  cried  der  docto 
bivouaclving  hisself  behind  him  a  tre 
some  distance  avay. 

Biz!  biz!  zum!  zum!  as  out  came 
some  bees. 

"Wow!"  yelled  Vigglesburger,  as  da 
bited  like  mad  on  his  collar  bone  ye 

"Stand    your  ground,"  cried  der  dO' 
tor.     "Now,   poke   dem   again,"  und 
poked  dem  some  more. 

Biz!  biz!  zum!  zum!  biz!  biz! 

"Wow!  Wow!"  yellezd  Vigglesbu 
ger,  more  deafening  den  effer.  as  d( 
bees  bit  him  on  his  soloappoplexus 

"Doan'd  flinch."  set  der  doctoi 
"poke  again,"  und  I  poked. 

Biz!  biz!  zum!  zum!  biz!  biz!  zun 
zum!  Dis  poke  vos  der  lasd  und  d< 
noise  vhat  followed  vos  like  der  roa 
ing  volcano. 

"Hornets!"  yelled  der  doctor,  tea 
ing  through  der  voods,  like  der  nois 
uf  a  train.    "Flee  for  our  lives!" 

"Help!  Wow!  Help!"  screache 
Vigglesburger,  leaping  In  der  air  like 


1904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


217 


hop  chumping  jack;  bud  too  late  came 
der  ciy,  for  ve  vos  surrounded  py  hor- 
nets. 

"Himmel  upon  Himmels!  Call  der 
police,  Vigglesburger,"  I  yelled,  as  ef- 
ei"y  hornet  in  der  tree  fell  upon  us  mit 
his  defouring  madness. 

"Help,  doctor,  help!"  cried  Viggles- 
burger,  vile  using  some  language  uf 
brimestone,  bud  der  doctor  vos  out  uf 
der  voods,  didding  der  street  in  six 
minutes  or  less. 

Der  angry,  maddened  hornets  chased 
our  anatomies  und  bited  dem  till  our 
bodies  vos  full  uf  holes  like  der  por- 
us  plaster.  Vigglesburger  ran  as  fast 
as  he  could  to  der  edge  uf  der  voods, 
den  py  accident  hung  up  on  a  barbed 
wire  fence  by  his  underclothes.  I  es- 
caped ad  last  mid  difficulties,  und  id 
vos  a  sorry  sight  I  presentation  ven  I 
limped  me  to  home.  Mein  body  vios 
iev  size  uf  a  balloon,  vile  mein  face 
\'Ore  a  bake  apple  expression. 

Ve  aftervards  learned  dot  ve  did  not 
take  bee  treatment  correctly,  und  ven 
Vigglesburger  told  me  dis  I  dismissed 
tiim  from  mein  presence  at  once  and 
rent  about  mein  business,  to  forget 
Vigglesburger,  his  rheumatisms  und 
der  whole  oudfid. — Boston  Sunday 
iGlobe. 


THE   DECLINING    LUMBER 
SUPPLY. 

Much  has  been  said  recently  in  re- 
gard to  the  threatening  scarcity  of 
lumber  from  which  to  construct  hives, 
and  for  general  use.  We  recently  re- 
ceived from  Mr.  Hutchinson,  of  the 
Bee-Keepers'  Review,  a  splendid  pho- 
tograph, taken  by  Mr.  Hutchinson, 
himself,  entitled,  "Michigan's  Last 
Pines,"  and  in  deploring  the  passing 
of  these  stalwart  giants  of  the  forest 
he  wrote  feelingly.  The  problem  is 
indeed  a  momentous  one,  as  it  affects 
all  consumers  of  lumber,  and  the  list 
practically  includes  everyone. 

It  is  hard  to  conjecture  as  to  what 
will  be  the  ultimate  outcome  of  this 
condition,  but  it  appears  that  much  of 
the  supply  for  some  years  hence  must 
come  from  the  South.  There  is,  we 
believe,  no  lumber  in  the  world  better 
suited  to  the  requirements  of  the  bee- 
keeper than  cypress,  and  the  eyes  of 
alert  lumbermen  are  turning  south- 
ward. As  a  mere  example  of  the  situ- 
ation as  it  exists  at  present,  we  deem 
the  following  from  the  Jacksonville 
(Fla.)   Times-Union,  of     recent     date. 


worthy  of  reproduction,  as  it  will  give 
our  readers  a  glimpse  of  affairs  which 
indicate  the  trend  of  the  times: 

"D.  Beacham  and  H.  H.  Shackel- 
ton,  the  former  of  Orlando  and  the  lat- 
ter of  Luddingtou,  Mich.,  have  formed 
a  copartnershi])  and  have  located 
offices  in  Jacksonville. 

"The  business  purposes  of  the  firm 
are  to  buy  and  sell  pine  and  cypress 
timber  lands,  but  they  will  do  no  com- 
mission business.  Mr.  Beacham  of  the 
firm  is  the  largest  individual  land 
owner  in  the  state,  and  for  a  number 
of  years  has  conducted  a  business  in 
the  buying  and  selling  of  timber  from 
his  office  at  Orlando. 

"Mr.  Shackelton  came  to  Floi'ida 
from  Michigan  more  than  a  year  and 
a  half  ago.  During  that  time  he  has 
brought  many  investors  to  the  State, 
aggregating  nearly  two  million  dol- 
lars in  the  amounts  invested.  Mr. 
Shackelton  came  from  a  timber  coun- 
try, Michigan  being  his  former  home, 
and  has  brought  a  number  of  his  for- 
mer fellow  citizens  of  that  great  lum- 
ber State  to  operate  in  the  cypress  and 
pine  of  Florida.  Timber  has  about 
played  out  in  Michigan,  and  with  the 
passing  of  the  timbered  lands  in  that 
State  a  large  number  are  now  finding 
themselves  without  occupation  in  the 
vocation  to  which  they  have  devoted 
their  lives.  Having  learned  the  timber 
and  lumber  business  thorougaly,  they 
are  now  seeking  homes  in  another 
land  of  promise,  and  a  goodly  number 
of  them  are  finding  it  in  Florida. 

"^Ir.  Shackelton  has  himself  been  an 
extensive  buyer  of  Florida  timber,  and 
it  vrilL  be  the  business  of  Beacham  & 
Shackelton  to  handle  only  their  own 
properties.  The  firm  now  owns  in  the 
neighborhood  of  five  hundred  thous- 
and acres  of  timber,  besides  a  number 
of  orange  groves  and  some  city  prop- 
erty. They  have  holdings  in  Levy, 
De  Soto,  Brevard,  Osceola  and  Orange 
counties." 


Boston,  Aug.  20. — The  honey  market  is  in  a 
very  unsettled  condition,  or  rather,  we  might 
say  that  the  absence  of  any  demand  practi- 
cally makes  no  market.  As  a  general  thing, 
we  do  not  look  to  see  a  demand  until  cooler 
weather   creates    a    certain    demand. 

Prices  at  this  time  are,  therefore,  practical- 
ly normal.  The  very  finest  tlimg  is  bringing 
16    cents,    and    from   that   down. 

Stocks  are  coming  in  very  slowly,  but  that 
is   to   be   expected   at   this   time. 

Blake,    Scott   &   Lee. 


HONEY  DEALERS'  DIRECTORY 


j^" Under  this  heading  will  be  inserted,  for  reliable  dealers,  two  lines  one 
year  for  $1.25.  Additional  w^ords,  12c  a  word.  No  announcement  can 
be  accepted  for  less  than  one  year  at  these  rates._^ 


OHIO. 


C.  H.  W.  WEBER,  Freeman  and  Central 
Aves.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  If  for  sale,  mail 
sample,  and  state  price  expected  delivered 
in  Cincinnati.  If  in  want,  write  lor  prices, 
and    state    quality   and    quantity    wanted. 

(3-5) 


We  are  always  in  the  market  for  extracted 
honey,  as  we  sell  unlimited  quantities.  Send 
us  a  sample  and  your  best  price  delivi  red 
here.  THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.  51 
Walnut   St.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio.  (5  5) 


COLORADO. 


THE  COLORADO   HONEY  PRODUCERS 
ASS'N,  1440  Market  St,  Denver,  Colo.      5- 


ILLINOIS. 


R.   A.    BURNETT   &   CO.,   199  South   WaU 
Street,    Chicago.  (5-5) 


HONEY  AND  BEESVrAX 
MARKET. 


Cincinnati,  Sept.  15. — There  is  an  improve- 
ment in  the  honey  market,  so  far  as  extracted 
honey  is  concerned.  The  demand  has  increased 
considerably,  but  the  supply  is  limited,  owing 
to  the  fact  that  bee-keepers  in  general  are 
mistakably  holding  their  crop  for  better  prices. 
We  quote  amber  extracted,  in  barrels,  at  SJ^ 
to   S  cents. 

The  comb  honey  situation  is  badly  demor- 
alized, being  aught  but  encouraging.  Quote 
fancy  white  clover  comb  honey  at  14  to  15 
cents.      Beeswax,   26  and  28  cents. 

The   Fred  W.    Muth   Co. 

No.  51  Walnut  St. 


Chicago,  Aug.  18. — Some  new  honey  is  on 
sale.  No.  1  to  fancy  white  brings  12  to  13 
cents.  So  far,  the  demand  is  slow.  Extracted, 
good  supply,  and  white  grades  sell  at  6  to  7 
cents;  amber,  5  to  6  cents,  according  to  kind, 
quality,  flavor  and  package.  Beeswax,  28 
cents.  R.    A.    Burnett   &   Co. 

199    South    Water    St. 


darker  shades,   $2.25  to  $2.50;   white  extracte( 
7  cents.      Beeswax,   good   demand  at  30  cent 
C.   C.   demons  &   Co 


Cent"a=Word  Column 


SHAKERS'  TOBACCO  CURE  positive 
cures  tobacco  habit  for  $1.00,  or  money  re 
turned.  Harmless,  yet  effective.  Enabl 
you  to  stop  at  once  or  regulate  amoui 
used.  Enough  sent  for  $1.00  to  comple 
cure.        Satisfaction      guaranteed.  Shak 

Chemical  Co.,  Station  "F,"  Cincinnati,  Ohi 

March   5. 


WANTED.-^To    buy    one    or    two    barrels 
honey — new   white   clover   extracted   or   oth 
nice  kind.     Quote  lowest  price.     Write  Chs 
E.  Friend  &  Co.,  Manchester,  Va.        10-lt 


k 


Denver,  Aug.  16.— The  supply  of  honey  is 
good.  The  demand  is  only  fair,  as  there  is 
much  fruit  in  the  market.  We  quote  our  mar- 
ket today  as  follows:  Comb,  No.  1  white,  per 
case  of  twenty-four  sections,  $2.75;  No. 
2,  $2.50.  Extracted,  6  3-4  to  7J^  cents,  in 
a  local  way,  with  light  demand.  Beeswax,  22 
to  25  cents. 

Colorado    Honey    Producers'    Association. 

1440    Market    St. 


Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Aug.  30.— With  cooler 
weather  the  demand  for  honey  is  slowly  in- 
creasing, and  prices  are  firm,  as  follows:  Fan- 
cy   white    comb,    $3.00    per    case;    amber,    and 


"INCREASE"  is  the  title  of  a  little  boo 
let  by  Swarthmore;  tells  how  to  make  i 
winter  losses  without  much  labor  and  wit 
out  breaking  up  full  colonies;  entirely  n« 
plan.  25  cents.  Prospectus  free.  A 
dress    E.    L.    Pratt,    Swarthmore,    Pa.       7 


FOR  SALE — A  Hawkeye,  Jr.,  Camera  covti 
plete.  Uses  both  film  and  plates.  Cost 
will  sell  with  leather  case  for  $.1.50  casl 
Address  Empire  Washer  Co.,  Falconer,  > 
Y. 


A  TANDEM  BICYCLE  (for  man  and  lady 
cost  J150,  in  first-class  condition,  was  built  t 
order  for  the  owner.  Tires  new.  Will  se 
for  J25  cash.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  A< 
dress  J.  Clayborne  Merrill,  130  Lakcviev 
ave.,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


Ik 


AGENTS   WANTED  to   sell  advertising  nm 
ties,    good    commission    allowed.      Send    U 
catalogue    and    terms.      American    Manufa)     i'' 
turing  Concern,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


ONE-HALf  INCH  SPACE  ONE  YEAR  ON  THIS  PAGE,  $3.00. 


HE  A.   I.  ROOT  CO.,  MEDIinA,   OHIO 
Breeders   of   Italian  bees   and  queens. 


\  UEENS  from  Jamaica  any  day  in  the 
'  year  Untested,  66c.;  tested,  $1.00;  se- 
t  tested,  $1.50.  Our  queens  arc  reared  from 
;  very  finest  strains.  Geo.  W.  Phillips,  Sav- 
i-Mar  P  O.,  Jamaica,  W.  I.  (5-5) 


■VWRENCE    C.    MILLER,  BOX    1113     PROVI- 
DENCE, R.  I.,   is  tilling  orders  for  the  popu- 
,  ,  hardy,   honey-getting    Providence  strain  of 
■  eens.     Write  for  free  information. 


i  H.  W.  WEBER,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO 
'•  (Cor.  Central  and  Freeman  Aves.) 
<lden  yellow.  Red  Clover  and  Carniolan 
<  :ens,  bred  from  select  mothers  in  separate 
i  aries. 


f>HN  M.  DAVIS,  SPRING  HILL.  TENN. 
-^  sends  out  the  choicest  3-banded  and  gold 
c  Italian  queens  that  skill  and  experienct 
C  produce.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  No 
dsase. 


f  UIRIN,  the  Queen  Breeder,  has  an  ex- 
^  ceptionally  hardy  strain  of  Italian  bees; 
tlr  wintered  on  their  summer  stands  within 
•  ew  miles  of  bleak  Lake  Erie.  Send  for 
Fe  Circular.      Bellevue,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


V  J.  DAVIS,  1st,  YOUNGSVILLE,  PA.,  breed- 
'  •  er  of  Choice  Italian  Bees  and  Queens. 
3  lity,  not  quantity,  is  my  motto. 


C  WARTHMORE  APIARIES,  SVV  ARTII- 
O  MORE,  PA.  Our  bees  and  queens  are 
the  brightest  Italians  procurable.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed.  Correspondence  in  English, 
French,  German  and  Spanish.  Shipments  to 
all  parts  of  the  world. 


A  RE  YOU  LOOKING  FOR  QUEENS?  If  so  I 
can  furnish  you  queens  of  the  following  races 
by  return  mail :  Three-  and  flve-banded  Italians, 
Cyprians,  Uoly  Lands,  Carniolans  and  Albinos. 
Untested  of  either  race.  75c  each;  select  untested, 
Sl.OO  each;  six  for  $4.00;  twelve  for  $8.00;  tested, 
of  either  race,  $2.00  each;  si.x  for  $10.00;  one  dozen 
$18.00;  Breeders,  $4.-50  each.  Safe  arrival  guar- 
anteed.   B.  H.  Stanley,  Beeville,  Texas.    Aug. 5 


QUEEN    BEES      are    now    ready    to    mail. 
Golden    Italians,    Red    Clover   three-banded 
queens    and    Carniolans.      We    guarantee    sa 
arrival.      The   Fred    W.    Muth   Co.,   51   Walnut 
St.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


w. 


Z.   HUTCHINSON,   FLINT,  MjCH. 
Superior     stock     queens,     $1.50     each; 
queen  and   Bee-Keepers'  Review   one  year  for 
only  $2.(K). 


MOORE'S  LONG-TONGUED  STRAIN 
of  Italians  become  more  and  more  popu- 
lar each  year.  Those  who  have  tested  them 
know  why.  Descriptive  circular  free  to  all. 
Write  J.  P.  Moore,  L.   Box  1,  Morgan,  Ky.     A 


PUNIC  BEES.  All  other  races  are  dis- 
carded after  trial  of  these  wonderful  bees. 
Particular.^  pn<;t  free.  John  Hewitt  &  Co., 
Sheffield.  England.  4 


HONEY  QUEENS  AND  BEES  for  sale.      I   ex- 
tracted 300  pound.s  per  colony  in  1903.    Thos. 
Worthington,  Leota,  Misi.  Aug.  5 


The    Bee= Keepers'    Review 

can  help  you 

MAKE  MONEY 


Opportunities  for  making  money  out  of 
bee-keeping  were  never  greater.  If  the  bee- 
keeper with  a  single  apiary,  from  which  he 
makes  a  living  in  a  good  year,  and  nothing  in 
a  poor  year,   would  only  arouse  himself  to  the 

Changed   Conditions 

secure  a  good  location,  if  not  already  in  pos- 
session of  one,  adopt  such  methods  as  will  en- 
able him  to  branch  out  and  manage  several 
apiaries,  he  will  find  that  in  a  good  year  he  can 

Pile  up  Honey 

ton  upon  ton — enough  to  support  himself  and 
family  for  several  years.  1  he  Review  is  help- 
ing bee-keepers  to  accomplish  this  very  thing. 

The  First  Step 

in  making  money  as  a  bee-keeper  is  the  secur- 
ing of  a  good  location;  and  the  Review  even 
goes  so  far  as  to  discover  anu  make  known 
desirable,    unoccupied    locations. 

Get  Good  Stock 

Having  secured  the  location,  the  next  step  is 
that  of  stocking  it  with  bees  of  the  most  desir- 
able strain ;  and,  having  had  years  of  experi- 
ence with  all  the  leading  varieties  of  bees,  the 
editor  of  the  Review  is  able  to,  and  does,  tell 
his  readers  where  to  get  the  best  stock.  Still 
further,   the  Review  tens  how  to  make 

Rapid    Increase, 

how  to  build  up  ten  or  a  dozen  colonies,  in  a 
single  season,  into  an  apiary  of  100  or  more 
colonies. 

Having  the  location  and  the  bees,  the  bee- 
keeper must  learn  how  to  manage  them  so  as 
to  be  able  to  establish  an  out-apiary  here,  and 
another  there,  and  care  for  them  with  weekly 
visits — yes,  by  monthly,  or  even  longer,  visits, 
when  extracted  honey  is  produced.  It  is  in 
teaching  bee-keepers  how  to  thus 

Control  Sw^arming, 

that  the  Review  has  been,  and  is  still,  doing 
its  best  work.  If  a  man  only  knows  how,  he 
can  care  for  several  apiaries  now  as  easily  as 
he  once  cared  for  only  one. 


Having  secured  a  crop  of  honey,  the  nex 
step  is  that  of  selling  it.  This  is  the  mos 
neglected,    yet 

The  Most  Important  Problem 

of    succesful,    money-making    bee-keeping,    an 
one  that  the  Review  is  working  the  hardest  'j 
solve.     So  many  men  work  hard   all  summe 
produce  a  good  crop,  and  then  almost  give 
away.     The  Review  is  trying  to  put  a  stop 
this   "giving  it  away."     It  is  showing,  by  t 
actual    experience   of   enterprising   bee-keepei. 
how   the   leisure   months   may   be   employed 
selling  honey  at  prices  that  some  of  us  wot 
call  exorbitant.     The  men  who  have  done  tl 
tell  how  they  did  it. 

The  editor  of  the  Review  has  a  wide,  actu 
personal  acquaintance  with  all  of  the 

Leading  Bee-keepers 

from  Maine  to  California,  and  is  thus  able 
secure,  as  correspondents,  men  who  have  s( 
tered  out-apiaries  widely,  managed  them  Wj 
little  or  no  help  and  made  money.  These  n 
are  able  to  write  from  actual  experience — t' 
know  how  they  have  succeeded,  and  can 
others. 

One  thing  is  certain,  if  you  are  a  bee-k< 
ing  specialist,  or  expect  to  become  one,  if  I 
keeping  is  your  business,  you  can't  afl 
not  to 

Read  The  Review. 

It  will   lead   you   and   encourage   you,  and 
you  with  ideas,  and  tell  you  how  to  do  thii 
— show  you  how  to  enlarge  your  business 
make  money. 

The  Review  is  published  monthly  at  $1 
year;  but,  if  you  wish  to  become  better 
quainted   with   it  before    subscribing, 

Send  Ten  Cents 

for  three  late,  but  different  issues,  and  the 
cents  may   apply  on  any   suoscription   sen 
during  the  year.     A  coupon  will  be   sent 
titling  you   to   the   Review   one   year  for 
90  cents. 


10-tf 


W.    Z.    H  UTCH  I  NSON 

FLINT,      MICHIGAN 


Preparation  For 
Winter, 


And  the  wintering  problem, 
are  the  subjects  under  dis- 
cussion in  the  Current  Num- 
bers of  THE  RURAL  BEE 
KEEPER, 

Big  Discount  on  early  orders, 
write  for  sample  copies,  and 
send  IOC  for  3  late  numbers. 


W.  H.  PUTNAM, 
River  Falls,   =  =  Wis. 


National  Bee-Keepers'  Association. 

The  largest  bee-keepers'  society  in  the 
world . 

Organized  to  protect  and  promote  the 
interests  of  its  members. 

Membership  Pee,  $1.00  a  Year. 

N.E.FRANCE,  Platteville,  Wis., 

General  Manager  and  Treasure) 


^  Subscription  Agencies. 

I  ! 

5      Subscriptions    for     the    Aiueri-    \ 


can  Bee-Keeper  may  be  entered  ^ 

<S  through    any    of    the    following  C 

3  agents,    when    more    convenient  © 

5  than  remitting  to  our  offices  at  ^ 

I  Fort   Pierce,   Florida,   or  James-  ^ 

1  town,  N.  Y.:  | 
)  J.   E.    Jonhson.     Williamsfield,  t 

§  The  Fred  W.  Muth   Company,  © 

9  51  Walnut  St.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  © 

5  John  W.   Pharr,   Berclair,  Tex.  g 

9  Miss    S.    Swan,    Port    Burwell,  © 

5  Ontario.  © 

3  G.    A.    Nunez,     Stann     Creek,  © 

2  British  Honduras.  ^ 

3  Walter  T.  Mills,  Bumham,  N.  © 
3  Rochester,  Kent  Co.,  Ivan  Houae,  © 
3  England.  © 
3  G.  J.  S.  Small,  Marton,  Wang-  © 
J  anui,  New  Zealand.  © 
3  H.  H.  Robineon,  Independencla  © 

2  16,  Matanzas,   Cuba.  ^ 

3  Colorado  Honey  Producers'  © 
I  Association.  1440  Market  St.,  © 
3  Denver,  Colo.  © 


A  Boon 
Fof 


PoBltr^KeerTS 


How  we  make  our  hens  pay  400 
per  cent,  profit,  new  system,  our 
own  method,  fully  explained  In 
our  Illustrated  Poultry  Book>  which  contains 
Poultry  Keepers'  Acc't  and  Egg  Record  showing 
ealus  or  losses  ever  month  foroneyear.  Worth  35 
ct«,  sent  to  vou  for  It  c.  If  you  will  send  names  of  5 
poultry  keepers  with  your  order:  Address, 
6.  8.  VIBBERT.  P.B.  56.  Clintonville,  Conn- 


CASH     FOR  YOl 


The  American  Bee-Keeper  is  in  the  market  to  buy  arti- 
cles on  bee-keeping  subjects.  Articles  with  photographs 
to  illustrate  are  especially  desired.  We  will  pay  well  for 
good  work.  We  want  reporters  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 
Give  us  an  opportunity  to  bid  on  your  pen  productions 
and  the  results  of  your  photographic  skill.     Address, 

THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER, 

Fort  Pierce,  Fla. 


Comb  and  Extracted 
Honey  on  commis- 
sion, Boston  pays 
good  prices  for  a  fancy 
article.  J'J'J'^J'J'J' 

F.    H.     FARMER, 

182  Friend  Street,    Boston,  Mass. 


Put 

Your 

Trust 


In 

Providence! 
Queens, 

Introduce  new  blood 'now  for  next  season's  | 
service. 

pROVIDENCE  nUEENS 
1  rove  Their'  ijuALITlES 

To  be  of  the  Highest. 

LAWRENCZ   C.   MILLER, 

P.  O.Box  1113.  Providence,  R.  I. 


20  per  cent.  P  ofit 

Pineapples,  Oranges,  Grape  Fruit 

Make    a    Specialty    for    Non-Resident    Owners 
and  Intending  Settlers  in  the 

Lovely    Lake  Region   of  South    Florida. 

20    er    cent,    annual    return    on    investment. 

Pure  air,  pure  water,  no  mosquitoes.  High 
pine  and  oak  land,  bordered  by  fresh  water 
lakes,  suited  to  all  citrus  fruits  and  pineapples. 
Good  title.  Time  payments.  Address  for  de- 
scriptive matter,  W.  E.  Pabor,  Manager  Pa- 
bor   Lake    Pineries,    Avon    Park,    Fla.  tf 


CAVEATS,  TRADE  MARKS, 

COPYRIGHTS  AND  DESIGNS.; 

\  Send  your  business  direct  to  Washington,  ( 
saves  time,  costs  less,  better  service. 

My  ofBce  close  to  TT.  S.  Patent  Office.  FREE  preUmin- 
>  ary  examinations  made.  Atty's  fee  not  due  until  patent  \ 
'  is  secured.  PERSONAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN— 19  YEARS  \ 
\  ACTUAL  EXPERIENCE.  Book  "How  to  obtain  Patents,"  ( 
etc.,  sent  free.  Patents  procured  through  E.  G.  Siggersj 
I  receive  special    notice,    without  charge.    In    the ! 

INVENTIVE    ACE 

[  Illustrated  monthly— Eleventh  year— terms,  $1.  a  year.  J 

918  FSt..  N.  W. 
washington,  d.  c. 


IE.G.SIGGERS, 


If, 


If,  EmaHAi 

J     has    m;ide   all    tlio   ini' 
provemeiits  in 

^  Bee  Smokers  and 

W  Eoney  Knives 

made  in  ihe   last  30  years,  undoubtedly 
he  makes  the  best  on  earth. 

Smoke  Engine.   4  inch  stove,   none  too   large,  sent 
postpaid,  per  mail *1  5( 

6\i  inch l.li 

Knife,  80  cents.  3  inch 1.0( 

2^  inch 91 

r.  F.  Bingham,  ?f"f  wy  ••o••••■ 
■-  ..  ««•  ^  Little  Wonder,  2  m. 
Farwell,  Nlich. 


Pateot  Wired  Comb  Fonndation 

has  no  sag  in  brood  frames 

TMn  Flat  Bottom  FoQidatioa 

has  no  Fish-bone  in  Surplus  Honey 
Being  the  cleanest  is  usually  worked  thi 
quickest  of  any  foundation  made.  The  tall 
about  wiring  frames  seems  absurd.  We  furnisl 
a  Wired  Foundation  that  is  Better,  Cheape 
and  not  half  the  trouble  to  use  that  it  is  t( 
wire  brood  frames. 
Circulars    and    sample    free. 

J.    VAN  DEUSEN    <£  SONS. 

Sole    Manufacturers 

Montgomery  Co.,  Sprout  Brook,  N.  T 


!.  J.  STRINGHAM,   105  Park  PI.,  N.  Y.  City 


Tested  Italian  Queens, 

I   lb.  Sq.  Honey  Jars, 

No.  25  Jars,  _         _         _ 

12  oz.  Jar.  burnishtd    tin   cap. 


$t.00  each 
$5.00  gross 
$5.75  gross 
$5.00  gross 


Discount  on  more  than  one  gross.     Extracted  honey  always 
on  hand  at  from  5  1-2  to  8  cents  pound- 

APIARIES===QLEN  COVE,  L.  1.  CATALOG  FREE 


y 


IE  ONLY  GERMAN   AGRICULTIRAL  MONTH- 
'  IN  THE  UNITED  STATtS  jtjtjijijt^jltjt 

ARM  UND  HAUS 

Tlie    most    carefully  edited  German 
-liciiltural  jom*nal.     It  is  brimful  of 
actical  information  and  useful  hints 
V  the  up-to-date  farmer;  devoted  to 
ick  raising,  general  farming,  garden- 
u,  poultry,  bee-keeping,  etc.,  and  con- 
ins  a  department  of  the  household, 
liich  many  find  valuable.  Another  de- 
1  rtment  giving  valuable  receipts  and 
tuiodies  called  "Hausarzt,''  in  fact  ev- 
IV   numbett'  contains   articles   of   real 
.Ktical  use. 

I'liee  only  3o  CENTS  per  year.  Sam- 
■  copy   free. 
Send  subscriptions  to 

lARM    UND    HAUS 

(  f.  BLUFFTON,  OHIO. 


MAGIC  RHEUMATIC  CURE 


It  absolutely  does  cure.  It  is 
not  a  CHEAP  remedy,  but  it  is 
a  CHEAP  cure.  Mark  the  distinc- 
tion! There  rx'e  a  thousand  rem- 
edies to  one  cure.  This  is  a 
cure.  It  costs  $2  a  bottle  and  is 
worth  $20  to  any  sufferer.  Sold 
only  by  our  authorized  agents  or 
direct  by  us.  We  wil  send  pre- 
paid for  .$2.00. 


I 


Write  for  booklet.Agents  v^anted. 


MAGIC  CURE  CO. 

358  Dearborn  Street,       Chicago. 


Are  You  Looking  for  a  Home? 

No  farmer  should  think  of  buying  land 
before  seeing  a  copy  of  THE  FARM  AND 
REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAL.  It  contains 
the  largest  list  of  lands  for  sale  of  any 
paper  published  in  Iowa.  Reaches  30,000 
readers  each  issue,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
advertising  mediums  to  reach  the  farmers 
and  the  Home-Seekers  that  you  can  ad- 
vertise in.  For  75c.  we  will  mail  yotu  the 
Journal  for  1  year,  or  for  ten  cents  in 
silver  or  stamps  we  will  send  you  the 
Journal  2  months  on  trial.    Address, 

Farm  and  Real  Estate  Journal, 

TRAER,  TAMA  CO.,  IOWA. 

10-tf. 


Strawberries. 

Young,  healthy,  fresh,  vigor- 
ous stock  in  prime  condition  for 
spring  planting. 

All 

Leading 

Va  r  ieties 

Write  for  prices  and  terms. 

MONROE    STRAWBERRY    CO., 

Box  66  MONROE,  MICH. 


EXTRACTED    HONEY. 

!ail    Sample^    state    lowest    price    expected    delivered    Cincinnati. 
I  pay  prompt  on  receipt  of   gfoods. 


B'LDEN     ITALIANS 

Untested.  i,  75c. 


RED     CLOVER 

6,  $4.00. 


CARNIOLANS 

12,  $7.50. 


C.  H.  W.  WEBER, 

3  e  and  Salesrooms  2146-48  Central  Ave.       /^  5  IVT/^  I  NT  NT  A  HP  I        f\  M-M  I  /^ 
SV  ehouses-Freeman  and  Central  Aves.      Wl  1>C^I  i>|  l>l/\  I   1  ,     Ull  I  Vj» 


La  Compania 
Manufacturera  Americana 

ofrcce  lo9  mas  reducidos  prccios  en  to 
da  clase  de  articulos  para  Apicultores. 
Nucstra  Fabrica  cs  una  de  las  mas 
grandcs  y  mas  antiguas  de  America. 
Espccialidad  en  Colmenas,  Ahumadorcs 
para  Colmenas,  Extractores,  etc.  In 
vcntores  y  perfeccionadores  de  muchos 
articulos  de  suma  utilidad  en  la  Apicul- 
lura.  bnvianiOb  gratis  nuestro  catalogo 
y  prccios  a  quienes  lo  soliciten.  Dirija- 

°^*  *THE  AMERICAN  MFG.  CO., 

Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  E.  U.  A. 


Chance 

Of  a  Life  Time 


^^^^^ 


w^ 


iTQSi 


The  only  strictly  agricultural 
paper  published  in  this  State.  The 
only  agricultural  paper  published 
every  week.  It  goes  to  every  post 
office  in  State  of  Tennessee  and  to 
many  ofiBces  in  Kentucky,  Alabama, 
Georgia,  Mississippi,  Arkansas, 
Texas,  Florida  and  Louisiana.  It 
is  the  official  organ  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Department  of  Tennessee  and 
Live  Stock  Commission.  Subscrip- 
tion $1  per  year  in  advance. 

Tennessee  Farmer  Pub.  Co., 
w  Nashville,  Tenn. 


lAA    Wanted  to  raise 
*""  Belgians 

Send  for  particulars  and    sample  co| 
of  the  only 

Belgian  Hare  Journj 


Published  in  America. 

Judge  R.  J.  FINLEY, 

227  Lamb  St  ,  MACON,  ^ 


BEGINNERS. 

should  hare  a  copy  of 

The  Amateur  Bee-keeper, 

a  70  page  book,  by  Prof.  J.  W.  Rouse;  writtea  er 
pecially  for  amateurs.  Second  edition  just  on' 
First  edition  of  1,000  sold  in  less  than  two  years 
Editor  York  says:  "It  i«  the  finest  little  book  pub- 
lished at  the  present  time."  Price  21  cenU;  by 
mail  28  cents.     The  little  book  and 

The  Progressive  Bee-keeper, 

(a  lire,  proprefwiy,  2S  page  monthly  journal,)  on» 
year  for  Bac.  Apply  to  any  first-class  dealer,  or 
Address 

LEAHY  MFG-   CO.,  Higffiiuv>ue,  m.. 


To  Subscribers  of 
THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPE 

And  Others! 

Until  Further  Noti( 

We  Will  Send  The 

Country 
Journal 

to  any  addrsBS  in  the  U.  S.  A.  ( 
year  for  ]m  tents,  providing  ; 
ir  mtion  Anaerican  Bee-Keeper. 

The  Oouutry  Journal  treats 
^  arm,  Orchard  and  Garden,  P< 
'  ;y  and  Fasjhion.  It's  the  best 
^er  printed  for  the  price. 

Address 

The  Country  Journal 

Allentown,  P: 
2tf 


W.  M.  Gerrish,  R.  F.  D..  Epping,  N 
keeps  a  complete  supply  of  our  goods, 
Eastern  customers  will  save  freight  by  0 
ing  of  him. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  ( 


IGENTS  Wanted 


in  every  town  for  our 

Washing  Machines. 


You  can  double  your  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

nd  they  sell  easily.     We  have  sold  over  150,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years.      They 
re  cheaper  than  ever.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co.  ,    Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


The  Iowa 

Horticultural 

Paper. 

Monthly, 
50  cents 
per  year. 

It  is  unique, 
planned  on 
original  lines. 

You  cannot 
be  up-to-date 
1  fruit  growing  unless  you  read  it. 

,   Balance  of   this   year  free  to  new 
ubscribers. 

THE  FRUITMAN, 

Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa. 


WITENTS 


promptly  obtained  OR  NO  FEE.  Trade-Marks, 
Caveats,  Copyrights  and  Labels  registered. 
TWENTY  TEARS' PRACTICE.  Highest  references. 
Send  model,  sketch  or  photo,  for  free  report 
patentability.  All  business  confidential. 
HAND-BOOK  FREE.  Explains  everything.  Tells 
How  to  Obtain  and  Sell  Patents,  What  Inventions 
Will  Pay,  How  to  Get  a  Partner,  explains  best 
mechanical  movements,  and  contains  300  other 
■ntjecti  of  importance  to  inventors.       Address, 


H.B.WILLS0N&GO. 


Patent 
Attorneys 
790  F  Street  North.         WASHINGTON,  D.  G. 


BARNES' 

Foot  Power  Machinery, 

This  cut  represents  our 
Combined  Machine,  which 
is  the  best  machine  made 
for  use  in  the  construction 
of  Hives,  Sections,  Boxes, 
etc.  Sent  on  trial.  Send  for 
Catalogue  and  Price  List. 
W.  F.  &  J.  BARNES  CO.. 
913  Ruby  St..   Rockford.111. 


50    YEARS- 
EXPERIENCE 


Trade  Marks 

Designs 
Copyrights  Ac. 

Anyone  sending  a  sketch  and  description  may 
quickly  ascertain  our  opinion  fpse  whether  an 
Invention  is  probably  patentable.  Communica- 
tions strictly  confidential.  Handbook  on  Patents 
sent  tree.  Oldest  agency  for  securing  patents. 

Patents  taken  tbrough  Munn  &  Co.  receive 
special  notice,  without  charge,  in  the 

Scientific  nniericait. 

A  handsomely  illustrated  weekly.  Largest  cir- 
culation of  any  scientific  journal.  Terms,  |3  a 
year;  four  months,  $1.   Sold  by  all  newsdealers. 

MUNN4Co.3«^«"«"'-^NewYork 

Branch  OfHce.  625  F  St.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


ATHEJ^S,  GA. 


Subscription,  ....  50  Cents  a  Tear. 


Published  tbe  First  of  Every  Montb 

and    Circulates    in    Every 

Southern   State. 


ADVERTISING   RATES   ON   APPLI- 
CATION. 

HOME  SEEKERS 

AND  INVESTORS,  who  are  interest 
ed  in  ttie  Southern  section  of  the 
Union,  should  subscribe  for  THE 
DIXIE  HOMESEEKER,  a  handsome 
illustrated  magazine,  describing  the 
industrial  development  of  the  South, 
and  its  many  advantages  to  homeseek- 
ers  and  investors.  Sent  one  year  on 
trial  for  15c,     Address, 

THE  DIXIE   HOMESEEKER, 
West  Appomattox,  Va       tf 


Honey 


production! 

AND 

SELLING. 


These  are  the  two  main,  problems  of  the  bee-keeper,  and  each  is  as  ii 
portant  as  the  other.     Many  can  produce  fine  houey.but  fail  to  get  the  b( 
prices.     Your  crop  In  attractive  packages  is  half  sold.    The  first  honey  In 
the  market  sells  the  best;   so  don't  put  off  ordering  supplies. 

No-drip.  Shipping   Cases. 

Do  not  put  your  section  honey  ii 
poorly  made  section  cases.  It  wil 
bring  less  if  you  do.  We  make  ou 
cases  of  white  bass-wood,  and  the; 
are  constructed  so  they  will  not  leak 
Neither  do  the  sections  get  stuck  u] 
with  honey.  Made  for  all  kinds  o 
sections,  and  in  all  sizes.  Also  glas 
for  fronts.  For  retailing  honey  ther 
is  nothing  neater  than  the  Danz 
Carton.  Ask  for  our  catalogue  givia 
Hers^iser  Jars.  complete  prices  and  descriptions. 

The  finest  of  all  glass  pack- 
ages for  extracted  honey.  Made 
of  clear  glass  with  aluminum 
caps,  which  seal  them  tight.  We 
sell  other  styles  of  glass  pack- 
ages. Don't  fail  to  study  the 
candied  houey  question.  There 
is  a  great  future  for  this.  We 
sell  the  famous  Aiken  Honey 
Bag  for  retailing  candied  honey. 
See  our  general  catalogue  for 
further   description    and    prices. 


Five-Gallon   Tin    Cans. 

The  favorite  package  for  shippln 
extracted  honey.  No  leaking,  u 
tainted  honey.  The  cans  being  squap 
economize  space,  and  are  easily  boxe* 
Also  smaller  sizes.  Cans  furnishe 
with  different  widths  of  screw  cap 
or  honey  gates.  Don't  fail  to  get  on 
prices  before  ordering.  Kemembf 
that  freight  charges  sho\ild  be  coi 
sidered  with  the  prices.  We  can  shi 
from  our  branch  houses. 


Complete   Description   and   Prices   in  Genei-al  Catalogue. 

THE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO. 

Factory  and  Executive  Office  -  =  MEDINA,  OHI 

BRANCHES— Chicago,  111.,  144  East  Erie  St.;  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  10  Vine  St.; 
New  York  City,  N.  Y.,  44  Vesey  St.;  Syracuse,  N.  Y.;  Mechanic  Falls, Me.; 
St.  Paul,  Minn.,  1024  Miss.  St.;  San  Antonio,  Texas;  Washington,  D.  C., 
1100  Md.  Av.;  Havana,  Cuba,  17  San  Ignacio;  Kingston,  Jamaica,  141 
Harbour  St. 


>  i|ntered  at  the  Postoffice,  Fort  Pierce,  Fla.,  as  second-class  mail  matter, 


Homes  in 

Old  Virginia. 

It  is  gradually  brought  to  light 
that  the  Civil  war  has  made  great 
changes,  freed  the  slaves,  ^nd  in 
consequence  has  made  the  large 
land  owners  poor  and  finally  freed 
the  land  from  the  original  owners 
who  would  not  sell  until  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  There  are  some 
of  the  finest  lands  in  the  market  at 
very  low  prices,  lands  that  produce 
all  kinds  of  crops,  grasses,  fruits, 
and  berries;  fine  for  stock.  You 
find  green  truck  patches,  such  as 
cabbage,  turnips,  lettuce,  kale, 
spinach,  etc.,  growing  all  the  win- 
ter. The  climate  is  the  best  all  the 
year  around  to  be  found,  not  too 
cold  nor  too  warm.  Good  water. 
Healthy.  Railroads  running  in 
every  direction.  ^  If  you  desire  to 
know  all  about  Virginia  send  10c. 
for  three    months    subscription    of 

the   VIRGINIA   FARMER  to 

Farmer  Co.,  Emporia,  Va. 


There  is  no  trade  or  profession  better  catered  to 
VT  good  journals  than  that  of  the  farmer.  Unia- 
tolligent  UDprogressireness  has  now  no  excnse. 


A  BATH 


IS  a 
luzui^ 

wher         UMPIRE 
takea  in  an  "        Portable 

Folding  BATH  TUB. 

Used  in  any  room. 
Agents    Wanted. 
Catalogue  Free. 
^The  empire 
^WASHER  CO., 
Jamestowhm.y. 


' 


CURE  CONSTIPATION.  LIVER,  BOWEL  aai 

STOMACH  TROUBLES. 
10c.  and  25c.  per  Box  AsK  Your  Dni| 

ACCEPT   AO   SUBSTITUTES 

35 


THE   DIXIE  HOME  MAGAZIN 

10c  a  year.  Largest.Brightest  and  Finest  lllustrat 
Magazine  in  the  World  for  10c  a  year,  to  into 
duce  it  only. 

It  is  bright  and  up-to-date.  Tel 
all  about  Southepn  Home  Life.  It 
full  of  fine  engravings  of  grand  see 
ery,  buildings  and  famous  peopl 
Send  at  once.  10c.  a  year  postpa 
anywhere  in  the  U.  S.,  Canada  ai 
Mexico.  3  years  50c.  Or,  clubs  of 
names  50c.,  12  for  $1.  Send  us  a  clu 
Money  back  if  not  delighted.  Stam 
taken.    Cut  this  out.    Send  today. 

THE  DIXIE   HOME, 

Birmingham,  Ala. 

When  writing,  mention  the  Am.  BeeKeeper, 


POULTRY    success    CI 

THE    2(Hh    CENTURY    POULTRY 
MAGAZINE. 

15th  year.  32  to  64  pages.  Beautifully 
lustrated,  up-to-date  and  helpful.  Best  kno 
writers.  Shows  readers  how  to  succeed  w 
poultry.  50  CENTS  PER  YEAR-  Spe« 
introductory  offers:  10  months,  25  cents, 
eluding  large  practical  poultry  book  free;  f< 
monthsl  trial,  10  cents.  Stamps  accept 
Sample  copy  free.  Poultry  Success  Co.,  De 
16,    Springfield,    Ohio,   or    DesMoines.   lows 


When  writing  to  advertisers  menti 
The  American   Bee-Keeper. 


SHINE! 

The  Empire  Washer  Company,  Jamestown, 
N.  Y.,  makes  a  Shine  Cabiret,  furnished  with 
foot  stand,  blacking,  russet  dressing,  shoe 
rubber — in  fact,  all  articles  and  materials  need- 
ed to  keep  shoes  looking  their  best — ?nd  it  is 
made  to  be  fastened  to  the  wall  of  the  toilet 
room  or  kitchen.  It  does  away  with  the  vexa- 
tious searching  after  these  articles  which  is 
altogether  too  common.  A  postal  will  bring 
you  details  of  this  and  other  good  things. 


American 


BEE 


Jourm 


16 -p.  Week; 

Sample  Fri 

tS-  All  about  Bees  and  thi 
profitable  care.  Best  write) 
Oldest beepaper;  illustrati 

Departments  for  begintu 
and  for  women  bee-keepers. 
Address, 

aEORQB  W.  YORK  &  CO. 
144  &  146  Erie  St.  C»icago,Ii 


Big  Magazine 


One  year  free 
quickly  i  n  tJ 
duce  it.  Ma 
prefer  it  to  Harper's,  Munsey's,  Ladies'  Hoi 
Journal  or  McClure's.  Send  10  cents  to  ht 
pay  postage.  AMERICAN  STORIES,  Dept.,' 
D.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  J 


Bee    Hives 
Sections 

EVERYTHING 


THAT  IS  USED  BY  BEE-KEEPERS  CAN  BE 
PROCURED  OF  US  AS  CHEAPLY  AS  ANY- 
WHERE, AND  WE  KNOW. 

Our  Goods  are  Superior 

BOTH  IN  MATERIALS    AND    WORKMAN- 
SHIP TO  THOSE  OF  ANY  COMPETITOR. 

One  Trial   Will  Convince   You 

THAT'S  ALL  WE  ASK.  WE  KNOW  YOU 
WILL  NEVER  BUY  OF  ANYBODY  ELSE. 

Our  new  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list  is  now 
ready.  Send  for  one  on  a  postal  card. 


The  W.  T. 
FALCONER  IVIANFG.  CO., 

JMMFTSTOWNi,  N.  Y. 


THE  BEST  PRINTED  PAPER 
^  ^   IN  FLORIDA   J'  J- 


Located  ia  the  Heart  of  the  Cel- 
irated  Pineapple  Belt  aud  sur- 
rounded by  many  of  the  finest 
orange  groves  on  the  Indian  Riv- 
er. Fort  Pierce  is  the  largest  and 
most  important  town  in  Brevard 
county  and 

The  FORT  PIERCE  NEWS 


is  the  best  paper  in  the  county 
and  the  best  weekly  in  Florida. 
It  contains  reliable  information 
about  this  section  in  every  issue. 
Only  $1.00  a  year.  Write  for 
sample  copy.  t^ 

The  News,  Fort  Pierce.FIa 


The  Pacific  States  Bee  Journal 

AND   THE 

Rocky  Mountain  Bee  Journal 

Have  been  consolidated,  and 
will  hereafter  be  published  as 
one  journal  under  the  name, 

WESTERN   BEE   JOURNAL 

The  new  publication  will  be 
larger  and  better  than  either  of 
its  predecessors,  and  its  pub- 
lisher will  make  every  effort  to 
make  it  the  best  bee  journal 
published  anywhere.  It  is  pub- 
lished in  the  west,  where  the 
largest  apiaries  in  the  world  are 
located,  and  is  therefore  most  in 
touch  with  what  is  best  and 
most  practical  in  beedom. 

Write  for  free  Sample  copy. 

Subscription  $1.00  per  annum. 

P.  F.  ADELSBACH, 
Editor  and  Publisher, 
HANFORD,  CALIFORNIA 


Nearly  100. 


BEWARE 

WHERE   YOU    BUY  YOUR 

BEEWARE 


ii r^" 

IWATCRTOWN. 


WIS! 


MAKES  THE    FINEST 


G.  B.  LEWIS  CO., 
Watertown,  Wis. 


Send  f 
Cntalc 


DON'T  KILL 

YOURSELF.  WASHING 

WAY,  BUT  BUY  AN  E  M  P  I   R  E 

W  A  S  H  E  R ,  to^h  te^io^  (^ 

frailett  teaman  ean  do  a*  or- 

dinarv  veuhing  in  on*  hour, 

without   wetting    her   hand*. 

Sample  atvholeealeprice.  Batisfaotion  Onaranti 

No  pay  until  tried.     Write  for  Tlluttrated  Catalt 

•ndpricee  of  Wringer*, Ironina  Tablet,  Clothet  Ri 

DfyingBare,  llfagonJaeke,(ke.  A (rentg Wanted.  1 

•ral  Terms.  QniokSaleBl  Little  Workll  Big  Pi 

AddrtM.Tum  Em  riBiW  abhib  Co..  JuneitawB,)! 


MAPS. 

A  vest  pocket  Map  of  your  Sta 

Ne^  issue.  These  maps  show 
the  Counties,  ia  seven  colors, 
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Vol.  XIV 


NOVEMBER,  1904. 


No.  II 


A  QUEEN  RESTRAINER. 


An  Interesting  Article  With  a  Laughable  Episode. 


By  D.  D.  Alley. 


HE  FOLLOWING  is,  I  believe,  a  the  queen  excluder  in  its  new  position, 
new  use  for  the  perforated  zinc  beconies  a  queen  restrainer.  The  queen 
honey-board,  which  in  combi-  being  unable  to  pass  through,  while  the 
don  with  a  modiified  form  of  the  workers  have  perfect  freedom  of  ac- 
ley  Queen  Trap  will  control  swarm-    tion  throughout  the  entire  surface  of 

the  honey-board  and  the  original   en- 
Ls  commonly  used  the  honey  board    trance. 

placed  between  the  brood  chamber        In  the  double- walled  hives,  as  usu- 
d  the  super.  This  prevents  the  queen   ally   constructed,   the  entrance  is  cut 


j  Showing  Zinc   Excluder. 

>m  going  into  the  upper  story  of  the 

I      'e  and    depositing   her    eggs   where 

,     ij  are  not  wanted.     In  other  words, 

i  honey-board  is  a  queen  excluder. 

*^     we  place  the  honey-board  between 

,    s  bottom-board  and  the  brood  cham- 

\    ',  in  that  style  of  hive  in  which  the 

'    Tance  is   made  by   the  raised  rab- 

L  on  the  sides  of  the  bottom-board, 


With  Trap  in  Position. 

out  in  the  body.  As  the  honey-board 
ife  smaller  than  the  outside  dimensions 
of  these  hives,  in  order  to  make  it 
shiit-shape  in  its  new  position  (though 
not  absolutely  necessary  in  our  ex- 
periment), we  must  broaden  and 
lengthen  its  frame  in  order  to  make 
it  come  out  flush  with  the  hive  body. 
This    we   can    easily   do    with    a    few 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Novembei 


strips  of  wood  3-8  iuclies  thick,  or 
tliieker,  if  you  like  u  deep  entrance. 
Now,  if  we  cut  out  from  one  end  of 
tiie  honey-board  frame  a  piece  the 
width  of  tlie  original  entrance  and 
place  the  frame,  bee  space  side  down, 
beneath  tlie  body,  we  will  have  two 
entrances,  one  above  the  other.  One 
through  the  meshes  of  the  entire 
honey-board  and  out  under  ttie  same. 
The  other,  the  original  entrance  over 
it.  Of  coiu'se  the  edge  of  the  zinc  must 
be  flush  with  the  front  of  the  hive. 

Next  cut  away  the  lower  section  oC 
the  Alley  queen  trap.  Then  cut  two 
entrance  blocks  the  same  thickness  as 
the  honey-board  frame.  The  object  be- 
ing to  elevate  the  ti'ap  to  the  level  of 
the  old  entrance,  thus  closing  it  and 
leaving  a  suitable  entrance  below  it. 
Place  the  trap  on  the  blocks,  snug 
against  the  hive  with  the  little  wii-e 
cone  enti-ances  of  the  trap  next  to  the 
original  hive  entrance  and  the  job  is 
completed.  In  this  way  we  can  catch 
the  queen  without  interfering  with  the 
free  flight  of  the  workers.  In  fact,  I 
see  nothing  to  prevent  it  from  being  a 
permanent  flxture  of  every  hive.  This 
contrivance  is  not  so  liable  to  become 
clogged  with  drones,  dead  bees,  etc.,  as 
is  the  Alley  trap  if  it  is  left  on  the 
hive  any  length  of  time.  By  using  the 
upper  story  of  the  trap  only,  and  the 
whole  surface  of  ttie  honey-board,  like 
a  sieve,  as  it  were,  and  providing  a 
new  enti'ance  by  its  means,  practically 
the  same  as  the  original  one.  we  can 
undoubtedly  conti'ol  swarming  to  a 
great  extent,  if  not  entirely. 

After  the  bees  have  swarmed,  re- 
move the  entrappe<l  queen  and  proceed 
to  hive  them  as  recommended  by 
the  expei'ts.  If  necessary,  the  hon- 
ey-board may  l)e  restored  to  its  former 
use. 

No  doubt,  some  one  will  say:  Why 
go  to  all  this  trouble,  which  can  be 
obviated  by  clipping  the  fjueen's  wing? 
Very  true.  Some  people  have  a  mania 
for  clipping  things.  Docking  horses' 
tails,  cropping  the  ears  and  tails  of 
dogs  and  cutting  the  wings  of  ])oultry, 
etc.,  striving  to  improve  on  nature.  But 
some  of  us  ai'e  so  constituted  that  we 
shrink  froni  mutilating  any  living  crea- 
ture, including  the  coin  of  the  realm. 

I  liad  a  clipped  queen  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  season.  I  wns  away  to  the 
city  on  business,  when  her  mutilated 
majesty  led  out  a  swarm.  My  wife 
found  her'iiopping  about  on  the  grass" 
Instead  of  hiving  the  swarm  im'uedi- 
ately,  her  household  duties  claimed  htr 


attention,  so  she  clapped  the  coffe 
strainer  over  the  queen  and  weightei 
it  down  with  a  strawberry  box  lill& 
with  nails.  She  was  "bound  to  kee) 
the  queen  in!"  The  swarm  returned  t 
the  hive  and  all  was  Avell.  Upon  m 
arrival,  my  wife  greeted  me  with 
"The  bees  have  swarmetl  and  I  hav 
the  queen  under  the  coffee  sti-ainer  o 
the  lawn!"  I  brought  out  a  new  hiv 
and  made  all  ready  to  shake  the  bee 
in  front  of  it.  Upon  raising  the  strair 
er  to  get  the  queen  1  found  a  miserabl 
black  cricket  beneath  it!  After  a  thoi 
ough  investigation  of  this  Strang 
transformation,  I  learned  that  whe 
the  children  returned  from  school  m 
little  boy  saw  the  new  ornaments  o 
the  lawn.  While  investigating  tt 
same,  a  stray  chicken  killed  the  quee; 
He  then  tried  to  square  things  by  sul 
stituting  the  cricket. 
Yonkers,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  2,3,  1904. 


SHALLOW  HIVE  DEFENDED. 

By  J.  E.  Hand. 

EDITOR  American  Bee-Keeper: 
Mr.  McNeal's  ably  written  artic 
on  the  shallow  brood  chamb 
hive,  on  page  170,  is  very  interesth 
reading,  and  nu>re  so,  perhaps,  to  the 
who  are  not  ac<iuainted  with  the  s 
tual  facts  of  the  case. 

To  those  of  us,  however,  who  a 
using  the  very  shallow  frame  with  t 
most  gratifying  results,  in  successl 
wintering  as  well  as  honey  productic 
the  whole  article  savors  rather  stroi 
ly  of  theory.  But  it  is  refreshing 
note  Mr.  McNeal's  willingness  to  " 
vise  his  theories"  in  case  they  £ 
])roven  fallacious.  To  cut  a  long  sto 
short,  he  has  simply  set  up  a  man 
straw"  and  coolly  and  deliberately  pi 
ceeded  to  punch  the  stuffing  out 
him,  as  not  one  of  the  serious  obj< 
tions  which  he  so  vividly  sets  for 
can  apply  to  the  properly  construct 
divisible  bi'ood  chamber  hive. 

Like  every  theorist  who  wishes 
set  forth  the  great  siqieriority  of  t 
deep  frame  or  tall  section,  he  mat 
use  of  the  oft  repeated,  though  erroi 
ous,  statement  that  bees  have  a  gw 
preference  for  combs  that  are  deep 
than  they  are  long. 

It  should  be  evident  to  even  a  ca 
less  ol)server  that  two  things,  and  oi 
two,  govern  the  shape  or  form  of  n 
ural  combs.  These  are  the  shape  of  i 
hive  and  the  size  of  the  cluster.  It 
the  rankest  kind  of  nonsense  for  ai 


104. 

le  to  make  the  statement  that  tall 
'rtioiis  will  be  tiiiished  quicker  than 
lallow  ones. 

It  is  true  that  a  small  cluster  in  a 
i-.ue  hive  must  of  necessity  build 
iA\  jnvard  faster  than  sidewise  but  if 
le  cluster  can  fill  the  top  of  the  hive 
;  is  the  case  with  the  shallow  brood 
lamber,  the  cehter  of  the  comb  will 
ily  be  slightly  lower  than  the  ends, 
hen  such  are  built  half-way  down 
e  frames. 

After  carefully  reading  friend  M"s 
lie  article  I  am  forced  to  the  con- 
usion  that  he  has  never  had  a  proi> 
ly  constructed  divisible  brood  cham- 
'V  hive. 

The  shallow  brood  chamber  hive  is 
r  ahead  of  the  deep  frame,  hive 
ther  for  wintering,  building  up  in 
ring,  rapid  manipulation  or  comb 
)uey  production. 

I  have  loO  such  hives  and  I  know 
hereof  I  speak.     I  have  also  frames 
deep  as  16  inches.    Also  the  regular 
frame. 

Theory  is  one  thing  and  actual  facts, 
eked  up  by  tons  of  fancy  comb 
iiiey.  is  another. 

\A'hen  in  doubt  consult  your  bees  and 
t  theories  go  for  what  they  are 
M-th. 

I  will  close  by  saying  that  in  my 
teen  years  experience  in  wintering 
OS  in  veiy  shallow  frames  I  have 
■ver  had  a  colony  die  of  starvation 
ith  plenty  of  honey  in  the  hive,  as 
have  had  scores  of  them  do  on  deep 
ames. 
irmingham.  Ohio,  Sept.  7,  1904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


LORIDA  NOT  A  QUEEN  BREED- 
ER'S EL  DORADO. 


By  M.  F.  Reeve. 

^   HE  last  time  I  met  E.  L.  Fratt, 
the  Swarthmore  queen  breeder, 
in  the  spring  he  had  just  return- 
from  a  trip  to  the  St.  Johns  river, 
a.,  where  he  had  located  a  site  for  a 
anch    queen    breeding    plant,    so    as 
enal)le  him  to  secure  early  queens. 
e  told  me  he  had  his  ticket  purchased 
d   everything    arranged    to    start  in 
th  breeding. 

met  him  again  a  few  days  ago, 
d  he  informed  me  that  he  was  ex- 
emely  lucky  in  not  having  gone  to 

Land  of  FloAvers. 
He  had  advices  from  another  North- 
n  queen  I)reeder  who  went  there  pic- 
ring  everything  in  such  discouraging 
lors  that  he  had  abandoned  the  idea 


and  concluded  to  seek  for  some  other 
Southern  iocalily,  probably  Texas.  His 
Florida  friend  told  him  that  the  king 
bird  and  dragon  Hies  committed  such 
havoc  among  his  colonies  that  he  had 
lost  70  per  cent  of  the  bees  he  took 
down  there.  Hragon  flies  literally 
swarmed  in  myriads,  devouring  the 
queens  on  their  mating  flight  and  the 
drones  as  well  as  workers.  He  was 
about  to  pull  up  stakes  and  get  out  for 
some  place  where  they  didn't  have 
such   pests. 

Mr.  Pratt  says  he  has  been  much 
hampered  this  year  by  the  difficulty  of 
getting  bees  for  his  nuclei  and  has  hiul 
to  turn  down  several  hundred  orders 
for  queens  in  consequence. 

liutletlge,  I'a.,  Dec.  1903. 


PHACELIA  AS  A  FORAGE 
PLANT. 


By.  Henry  E.  Horn. 

APICULTUKIST  C.  C.  Miller's  chal- 
lenge to  '"those  California 
chaps"  to  produce  evidence 
showing  that  the  phacelia  tan.  is  a 
valuable  forage  plant,  has  been  noted; 
and,  my  name  having  been  singled  out 
in  particular  with  relation  to  said  chal- 
lenge it  gives  me  delight  to  buckle  on 
my  nickle-plated  armor  and  to  face  the 
Sir  Knight  in  combat.  The  trouble,  I 
may  here  add,  why  said  "chaps"  have 
remained  "dumb  as  oysters"  hereto- 
fore lies  probal)ly  with  the  gentleman 
himself,  i.e., his  choosing"The  Conglom- 
erate Goody-Goody"to  convey  forth  h's 
martial  proclamations  instead  of  the 
regular  "War  Cry."  In  this  moun- 
tain-enfolded corner  of  Roosevelt's  em- 
pire, we  all  study  the  "War-Cry"  and 
the  "Arizona  Kicker."  and  the  "Rhig- 
Yeda,"  as  we  sit  squatting  behind  a 
cactus  stalk  apiece  but  naught  else. 
Any  time-crevices  left  between,  are 
filled  in  with  meditations  on  the  in- 
finitesimal calculus  and  blinking  at  the 
southern  coal  sacks. 

There  is  just  a  doubt  whether  the 
phacelia  cultivated  by  Mr.  Miller  as 
a  window  plant  is  the  true  tanaceti- 
folia  variety.  There  are,  at  least, 
three  varieties  of  the  plant  known. 
California  seednien  keep  phacelia  seed, 
but  not  of  the  tan.  variety.  Mr.  Mil- 
ler's kind  is  fragrant,  the  tan.  here  is 
not.  Also,  the  tan.  variety  is  less 
showy  than  the  "Parryi"  and  the  rest; 
hence  florists  would  naturally  select 
the  latter  for  their  trade.  Yet,  as  a 
forage  plant,  none  but  the  tan.  is  of 


222 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


November 


any  value.  So  much  for  preliminaries. 
In  the  April  uumber  of  one  of  the 
widest  circulated  bee-jonruals  of  Cen- 
tral Europe,  a  purely  technical,  scien- 
tific publication,  there  appear  twenty- 
six  ditt'erent  paid  advertisements  of 
phacelia  seed  by  as  many  different  in- 
dividuals. The  prices  named  are  by 
the  pound  and  the  hundred-weight. 
Now,  the  reasons  why  these  offers  are 
made  is  because  there  is  a  demand  for 
the  seed — and  a  growing  demand.  And 
the  reason  back  of  the  demand  is  the 
knowledge  of  its  value  gained  in  form- 
er years  by  extensive  experimenting. 
There  are  probably  ten  thousand  acres 
planted  with  phacelia  tan.  in  Germany 
alone  this  present  year.  Direct  re- 
ports of  the  forage  value  of  the  plant 
made  by  a  great  number  of  people  in 
various  parts  of  that  counti*y  are  not 
unanimous,  and  not  as  good  this  year 
as  last,  but  still  favorably  enough  to 
warrant  farther  and  extensive  cultiva- 
tion. A  special  feature  of  the  useful- 
ness of  the  ])lant  agriculturally,  as  well 
as  apiculturally,  is  only  lately  being 
discovered,  namely:  sowing  it  in  fallow 
land  in  the  fall  for  a  late  honey-flow, 
and  then  plowing  it  under  for  green 
fertilizing. 

Of  the  forage  value  of  phacelia  tan. 
"on  American  soil."  I  beg  to  submit 
the  following: 

The  cattle  on  my  eighty-acre  ranch 
leaning  up  Blue  Mountain,  five  miles 
out,  consist  of  a  pack  of  twenty  coy- 
otes, seventy-five  jack  rabbits,  one  doz- 
en skunks,  three  wild  cats  and  one 
hundred  cangurro  rats.  Of  that  col- 
lection the  jacki-abbits  alone  take  the 
phacelia  tan.  as  it  should  be  taken,  as, 
I  believe  babies  take  their  luncheons, 
i.e.,  by  nibbling  at  it  from  morning  till 
night.  The  coyotes  take  it  by  prefer- 
ence transmuted  into  juicy  rabbit 
hams,  and  they  take  it  with  avidity 
after  chasing  their  owner  up  and  down 
the  twilight  canons  for  twenty  miles. 
Of  the  skunks  it  must  be  said  that 
they  are  somewhat  more  esthetical  in 
their  appetites.  They  like  the  nectar  of 
the  sky-blue  phacelia  blossom  best  and 
they  take  it  exclusively  with  the  honey 
bee  on  the  outside  of  it,  for  which 
purpose  they  pay  nightly  visits  to  the 
neighboring  apiaries.  As  for  the  can. 
gurro's  and  the  three  stub-tailed  tom- 
mies, I  am  afraid  I  might  be  accused 
of  having  slipped  off  the  straight  path 
if  I  ventured  to  tell  of  their  fantastic 
gambolings  among  the  phacelia 
patches  when  the  moon  hangs  low;  be- 
sides,   I    truly   think   the   foregoing  is 


proof  overwhelming  enough  and  of  the 
nature  asked  for,  to  convince  Sir 
Knight  of  the  identity  of  the  "pre- 
sumptuous ignoramus"  with  whom  he 
promises  to  be  well  pleased. 

Should,  however,  my  challenger's 
war  spirit  be  unsubdued  still,  the  fol 
lowing  flanking  movement,  as  they  saj 
in  Manchuria,  I  think  will  fetch  him 
Let  him  do  as  a  considerable  numbei 
of  Americans  are  doing  at  the  presen^ 
time;  buy  a  quantity  of  seed,  sow  it 
and  afterwards  feed  the  plant  to  hit 
herds  and  flocks — and  watch  them  for 
results.  And  it  would  probably  be  ai 
well  to  have  a  set  of  "Before  Using' 
and  "After  Using"  photographs  taken 
else  the  rapidly  disappearing  ribs  an( 
rounding  out  hipbones  might  guileless 
ly  be  explained  with  "optical  illusion 
my  dear  sir,  mere  optical  illusion,"  in 
stead  of  being  credited  to  the  benefi 
cent  work  of  the  nutritious  juices  o' 
phacelia  tanacetifolia. 

THAT  DRONE  IN  WORKER  CELL. 

The  doubt  expressed  by  Mr.  C.  5 
Harris  on  page  133,  whether  a  certai 
raised  cell  of  mine  contained  a  dron 
is,  of  coiu'se,  justified  from  his  vie? 
point,  not  knowing  the  accompanyin 
circumstances,  just  as  I  was  justifie 
in  my  positive  view,  knowing  the  ci: 
cumstances.  I  mentioned  that  occU' 
rence  at  the  time  to  draw  attention  1 
a  certain  new  theory,  hoiking  to  indu(. 
an  inquiring  soul  here  and  there  ' 
prove,  or  disprove  it  by  actual  rigorox 
experiment.  Mr.  Harris  can  do  tha 
Let  him  lodge  an  entire  colony  over  c 
drone  comb,  and  after  all  normal  i 
stincts  for  drone-rearing  have  becon 
dormant,  let  him  deque^n  said  color 
and  watch  the  results. 

REMARKABLE  INCIDENT. 
This  spring  a  very  populous  color 
of  Carniolans  was  dequeened.  Aft 
due  lapse  of  time,  no  queen  nor  eg! 
appearing,  a  yellow  two-yeai'-old  mot 
er  bee,  which  was  about  to  be  supe 
seded,  was  taken  ont  of  her  famil 
dipjied  three  times  in  water  and  p^ 
down  between  the  frames  of  the  Ca 
niolans.  Six  days  afterwards  £■" 
frames — two  on  the  south  side  of  tl 
hive,  and  three  on  the  north  side,  wi' 
an  emi)ty  frame  between — contain! 
eggs  and  larvae.  Upon  closer  inspe 
tion  the  yellow  queen  Avas  found  nc 
mally  active  on  one  side  of  the  hiv 
and  a  voung  Carniolan  on  the  other. 
Riverside,  Cal.,  .July  20,  1904. 

Following  is  Dr.  Miller's  response 
the    foregoing,    which    had  been    su 


1904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


22Z 


nutted  to  him  before  publication.  Botii 
sides  of  the  matter  are  now  before  the 
rt'.ider. — Editor. 


Ileplyinff  to  Mr.  Horn's  facetious 
pliacelia  talli,  I  am  aware  that  there 
are  several  varieties  in  California — W. 
A.  Pryal  says  eight — but  I  think  there 
can  be  little  doubt  that  what  I  have 
luul  is  tanacetifolia.  I  got  the  seed 
t'vom  Otto  Liihdorf,  labeled  "tanaceti- 
t'lilia,"  and  it  is  the  same  that  I  culti- 
vated years  ago  as  a  window-plant. 
Mr.  Horn  says  the  tanacetifolia  is  not 
fragrant  there.  Neither  is  it  here  when 
grown  in  the  open  ground,  but  when 
grown  as  a  window  plant. 

I  have  been  very  anxious  to  learn 
the  forage  value  of  pliacelia  in  this 
countrj%  and  am  still  anxious  to  be- 
lieve in  it  if  there  is  foundation  for 
that  belief.  As  to  this,  Mr.  Horn  is 
still  "dumb  as  an  oyster,"  jack  rabbits 
being  the  only  thing  he  mentions  as 
^'ating  phacelia,  but  not  a  word  as  to 
lomestic  animals.  Otto  Lnhdorf  is 
very  temperate  in  his  estimate,  hardly 
jonsidering  it  worth  cultivating  beside 
ilfalfa. 

That  phacelia  seed  is  largely  adver- 
tised in  European  bee  journals  hardly 
proves  that  the  plant  is  worth  culti- 
vating, even  in  Europe.  Witness  the 
loom  of  the  Chapman  honey  plant  in 
this  country  not  so  very  long  ago. 
Nothing  is  heard  of  it  now,  yet  it  is 
■^tjll  advertised  across  the  water. 

:\Ir.  Horn  says  reports  from  Ger- 
nany  are  not  unanimous,  and  not  so 
^ood  this  year  as  last.  He  might  also 
lave  added  that  protests  are  not 
ivanting  against  deceiving  the  farmers 
nto  planting  phacelia  as  a  forage 
ilant — as  for  example  Pastor  Eck  in  a 
ate  number  of  Praktischer  Wegweis- 
r,  who  says  it  will  only  redotmd  to  the 
njury  of  bee-keepers. 

Tills  year  I  had  a  bed  of  phacelia 
iliout  ten  feet  square.  Bees  did  not 
A  ork  on  it  as  thickly  as  they  ordinarily 
lo  on  buckwheat.  Horses  would  eat 
t  if  they  couldn't  get  anything  else. 
i'et  they  might  learn  to  like  it;  and 
lossibly  the  plant  did  not  have  a  fair 
;how,  as  the  bed  was  sown  entirely 
00  thick. 

Now,  Mr.  Horn,  I  hereby  challenge 
'ou  in  the  most  war-like  manner — 
nfficiently  war-like  to  suit  even  so  bel- 
igerent  a  spirit  as  yours — to  tell  us  of 

10-acre  field  of  phacelia  cultivated  as 

forage  crop  in  all  California.  Never 
nind  the  "probably  ten  thousand 
ores"  in    Germanj'   (I  wonder  where 


you  get  authority  for  such  a  statement 
anyhow  V)  never  mind  the  jack  rabbits 
and  skunks  and  things,  but  tell  us  of 
just  one  farmer  in  California,  the  orig- 
inal home  of  pliacelia,  who  cultivates 
phacelia  to  the  extent  of  five  acres  for 
his  domestic  stock.  If  you  can  cite 
a  dozen  of  them  with  an  aggregate  of 
a  thousand  acres,  it  will  please  me 
well.  C.  C.  Millei\ 


CONSULT  THE  RECORDS. 


Studious  Research  is  Both  Interesting  and 
Profitable. 


By  Arthur  C.  Miller. 

AS  THE  LONG  winter  evenings  ap- 
proach, many  a  bee-keeper  casts 
about  for  something  to  take  the 
place  of  the  bees  or  begins  to  lay  plans 
for  the  next  season.  At  the  risk  of 
repeating  an  old  suggestion,  I  want  to 
point  out  the  value  of  going  over  the 
text  books  and  back  numbers  of  the 
magazines.  Some  will  say  that  it  is 
too  dry,  that  they  want  to  go  ahead.  I 
know  of  no  more  helpful  thing  than  a 
knowletlge  of  what  progress  has  been 
made  in  the  profession  in  the  past. 
Such  knowledge  will  enable  us  to  at 
least  begin  where  our  ancestors  left 
off;  will  save  many  a  needless  experi- 
ment and  will  not  only  help  us  ahead 
more  rapidly,  but  it  will  assure  our 
making  real  progress. 

Three  hundred  years  ago  Butler 
knew  as  much  as  we  do  about  the 
possible  value  of  drones  as  brood 
warmers,  realized  the  advantage  of 
curtailing  tlieir  numbers,  and  devised 
a  trap  for  catching  them.  He  held 
much  the  same  opinion  as  we  do  ih 
regard  to  location  of  hives,  wind- 
breaks, shades,  etc. 

But  one  need  not  go  so  far  back  to 
leani  the  history  of  the  art.  Text 
books  of  today,  as  well  as  those  of  our 
fathers,  give  a  pretty  complete  history 
so  far  as  it  relates  to  modern  practices. 
A  perusal  of  these,  supplemented  by  a 
reading  of  the  discussions  of  various 
systems,  will  prove  both  interesting 
and  helpful 

It  may  interest  some  to  know  that- 
phacelia,  as  a  honey  plant,  was  dis- 
cussed fifty  years  ago;  that  divisible 
brood-chamber  hives  were  known  and 
advocated  as  early  as  1803;  that  the 
stingless  bees  of  ^Mexico  were  imported 
into  this  country  in  1830;  that  venti- 
lation, stimulative  feeding,  artificial 
swarming,  etc.,  etc.,  are  almost  as  old 
as  the  craft  Itself. 


224 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


November 


Apropos  of  Deacon  Hardscrabble's 
assault  on  tlle"bon■o^A•ing  propensities" 
of  some  of  our  present  day  writers,  it 
may  soothe  him  or  his  gliost  to  know 
that  the  practice  is  no  new  tiling.  In 
1829  Dr.  James  Thacher  of  Plymouth, 
Mass.,  published  an  interesting  book 
on  bee  culture,  and  in  1840  one  Wm. 
Hall,  of  New  Haven,  got  out  a  little 
pamphlet  of  about  50  pages,  most  of 
which  was  a  sti'aight  steal  from  Dr. 
Thacher's  work.  Many  of  the  early 
authors  quoted  freely  from  i^revious 
works,  but  in  most  instances  tbey  took 
pains  to  state  the  source  of  their  in- 
formation. 

But  the  student  in  search  of  knowl- 


edge should  not  let  these  things  hindet 
him,  and  the  frequent  recurrence  ol 
theories  which  we  know  to  be  errone- 
ous should  not  blind  his  eyes  to  othei 
matter  which  is  not  wrong. 

The  painstaking  enthusiast  may  .find 
particular  pleasure  in  taking  up  one 
subject  at  a  time,  and  following  ii 
from  its  inception  to  the  present  day 
and  possibly  at  the  same  time  malve  ai 
index  of  the  subject  so  that  he  cat 
the  more  readily  refer  to  its  differen' 
parts  at  any  future  time. 

Such  study  will  prove  of  value  alik* 
to  novice  and  veteran,  professions 
and  amateur. 

Providence,  R.  I.,  October  7,  1904. 


Apiary  of  Geo.  B.  Howe,  1903—177  Colonies. 
REPORT  FOR  1904. 


Careless  Handling  Results  in  Low  Prices. 


By  Geo.  B.  Howe. 


FIIIEND  HILL— I  put  in  the  cellar 
in  1903,  168  colonies— left  five  out 
to  experiment  with — 'five  double- 
deckers  with  not  less  than  50  pounds 
each  of  honey. 

These  all  dieil  but  one,  before  March 
1,  and  the  other  one  never  amounted 
to  anything  so  I  am  convinced  that 
with  a  half-bushel  of  bees  and  plenty 
of   honey,    bees    will    not   winter   out- 


doors in  this  locality.  I  had  172  o\ 
to  put  in  the  cellar,  and  as  I  did  n« 
put  them  in  as  early  as  I  ought  t 
four  of  them  were  dead  with  pleni 
of  bees  and  honey.  I  say  "froze  i 
death,''  call  it  what  they  like. 

How  shall  we  decide  on  ventilatior 
Now,  most  any  cellar  will  Avinter  a  fe 
colonies  all  O.  K.,  but  put  in,  say,  fro: 
150  to  200,  and  my  experience  for  nea 


1904.                             THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  225 

y  -20  years  is  that  you  must  give  tliem  had  144  strong-  colonies  but  could  not 
aoper  ventilation— not  too  uiucli  or  examine  them  until  about  the  middle 
no  little.  The  bee-keepers  will  have  of  September,  when  to  my  surprise 
^'" '  ^'"       '     a    hives     were    empty.      The    cause 


o  decide  this  for  themselves,  for  eel- 
ars  vary,  so  there  is  no  'iixed  rule. 

1  took  out  of  the  cellar  last  spring 
I'll  coionies — some  very  weak — and 
It  the  loth  of  June  had  (J6  colonics.  I 
lever  saw  anything  like  it.  I  carried 
hrm  into  the  cellar  in  early  spring, 
md  out  again.  It  did  no  good.  They 
lied  just  the  same.  I  have  built  them 
ip,  by  natural  swarming  and  by  di- 
iding  to  130  fine  coionies  and  six  fair 
UK'S.  Tbtal,  136,  with  about  3,000 
Miunds  of  fine  comb  honey.  Not  so 
lad  after  all  for  1904.  Have  about  100 
oung  queens  in  these  colonies.  I  be- 
ieve  in  young  queens,  but  would  not 
liscard  a  queen  one  year  old.  though 
do  every  one  that  is  two  years  old.ex- 
epting  my  breeders. 

I  think  we  bee-keepers  are  to  blame 
or  the  low  price  of  honey,  and  I  will 
ell  you  just  why:  I  thought  I  would 
uy  some  honey,  so  I  took  a  ride  on 
ay  wheel  to  see  what  I  could  do.  I 
iiund  one  bee-keeper  with  over  a  ton 
f  as  fine  honey  as  I  ever  saw  and  he 
ad  not  scraped  tlie  edges  of  the  boxes, 
le  had  cleaned  the  tops,  and  when  I 
cmonstrated  he  said  he  had  it  partly 
used  and  would  not  take  it  out  any 
»'ay.  And  yet  he  wanted  a  fancy 
rice  for  it. 

It  seems  strange  that  wuth  such  a 
liort  crop  that  the  prices  are  so  low. 
Uit  how  does  the  average  bee-keeper 
ell  his  honey?  He  sells  to  a  buyer 
nd  not  one  word  does  he  say  as  to 
^  liere  that  honey  should  or  must  be 

ept  to  retain  its  flavor  and  body.  It 
-  surprising  how  many  put  it  in  the 

e  box  with  butter,  and  when  told  bet- 
or  in  a  kindly  way  will  thank  you 
or  telling  them.  Don't  be  afraid  to 
ell  them  where  to  keep  it,  and  to  keep 
t  in  sight,  not  down  cellar. 

I  think  the  National  association 
ould  help  tlie  bee-keepers  by  putting 

rticles  in  the  leading  magazines  if 
liey  had  to  pay  a  good  price  for  doing 

Black  River,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  23,  1904. 


lEPORT    FROM    BRITISH    HON- 
DURAS. 


1  think  was  that  I  had  just 
extracted  all  the  honey  (ripe  of 
course)  when  the  weather  came  on 
and  the  poor  bees  had  nothing  to  sub- 
sist on.  I  tried  feeding,  but  not  having 
proper  feeders,  I  had  to  discontinue  as 
the  method  I  adopted  of  feeding  in  an 
open  bowl  would,  I  believe,  lead  the 
bees  into  the  evil  habit  of  robbing, 
and  so  it  did;  for  when  I  examined 
them  in  Sei)teml)er  as  already  men- 
tioned, they  were  almost  ungovernable. 
However,  I  got  through  all  right  but 
will  guard  for  next  time. 

I  mean  to  look  after  my  remaining 
number  (100  hives)  with  the  view  of 
removing  into  the  counti-y  at  some  fu- 
ture date.  This  will  be  to  a  distance 
of  about  12  miles  inland  where  I  have 
started  a  plantation. 

Stann  Creek,  British  Honduras,  Oct. 
4.  1904. 


By  G.  A.  Nunez. 

DEAR  BRO.   HILL:— I  have  had 
very  hard  times  in  bee-keeping, 
excessive  strong  winds  and  rains 
ince  the  beginning  of  May  last  have 
one  me  much  damage.  At  that  time  I 


THE  LENKORAN  OR  PERSIAN 
BEES. 

By.  M.  Pritoulenko. 

(Translated  from-  La  Revue  Interna- 
tionale d' Apiculture,  Vol.  XVIII,  No. 
5,  May  1896,  by  Frank  Benton,  M.  S., 
United  States  Department  of  Agri- 
culture. 

IT  WAS  IN  1891  that  I  saw  for  the 
first  time  bees  of  the  Lenkoran 
variety,  when  they  were  brought 
to  Tiflis  from  Lenkoran,  the  distinct 
after  which  they  were  named,  and 
which  is  located  in  the  governmental 
region  Baku.  Greatly  interested  in 
becoming  acquainted  with  this  vari- 
ety. I  went  in  1892  to  Lenkoran  to  ob- 
serve these  yellow  bees  in  their  home, 
for  according  to  some  the  bees  on  the 
steppes  of  Mughan  and  in  the  lowlands 
of  Lenkoran,  differ  much  in  color  and 
character  from  those  living  in  the 
mountainous  pai'ts  of  the  same  coun- 
try. However,  I  found  on  the  spot  that 
in  reality  this  difference  does  not  ex- 
ist, but  that  the  bees  of  the  plains  and 
those  of  the  mountains  of  Lenkoran 
are  exactly  identical.  I  passed  three 
days  in  the  mountains  and  approach- 
ed the  Persian  frontier,  and  the  hills 
of  Savolan,  where  they  transport  their 
bees  for  the  summer  harvest  even  from 
the  Russian  frontier.  I  desired  to 
know  the  origin  of  these  bees,  and 
even  at  the  risk  of  serious  annoyances 


226 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


November 


I  crossed  into  Persia  iu  order  to  com- 
pare the  Persian  bees  \^■itll  our  bees  of 
Lenkoran.  I  was  not,  liowever,  able/ 
to  penetrate  very  far  into  that  country. 
Nevertheless  I  saw  what  I  wished  to 
see,  and  I  do  not  doubt  the  facts  which 
I  noted. 

At  Astor,  a  village  situated  on  the 
frontier,  half  of  which  belongs  to  Rus- 
sia and  the  other  half  to  Persia,  I 
had  an  opportunity  to  observe  that  the 
Persian  bees  do  not  differ  in  any  way 
from  the  Lenkoranian.  At  Enzeli,  Per- 
sia, they  are  the  same  as  at  Kesht  in 
Russia.  In  Enzeli  I  had  the  good  for- 
tune to  meet  a  great  lover  of  bees,  an 
Armenian  merchant,  Mr.  Paronianz. 
Proifiting  by  his  hospitality  and  our 
conversations,  I  succeeded  in  finding 
out  all  I  wished  to  know  witliout  let- 
ting him  see  what  interested  me  par- 
ticularly. Over  the  dessert,  prepared 
from  excellent  honey  gathered  from 
the  orange  and  lemon  trees  which  are 
found  in  the  court  yard  of  every  Per- 
sian house,  as  in  the  great  garden  of 
the  Kahn,  planted  in  former  times  by 
Catholic  monks,  we  conversed  about 
bees  and  then  about  politics.  Mr. 
Paronianz  has  quite  a  trade  and  makes 
frequent  voyages  to  the  south  of  Per- 
sia which  has  given  him  an  opportun- 
ity of  seeing  things  which  I  was  not 
able  to  see  myself.  This  has  been  all 
the  easier  for  him,  as  he  does  not  neg- 
lect the  purchase  of  wax  in  the  cities 
and  villages  of  Persia,  which  he  sells 
in  Russia  and  even  more  distant  coun- 
tries. 

The  fact  is  that  I  was  able  to  satisfy 
myself  that  the  variety  which  inter- 
ested me  is.  found  all  over  Persia. 
Only  it  does  not  get  there  at  all  from 
Lenkoran,  but  spreads  out  in  all  di- 
rections from  the  central  part  of  Per- 
sia. Thus  to  be  accurate,  this  variety 
should  have  been  called,  not  "bees  of 
I^nkoran,"  nor  "Lenkoranian  bees'' 
but  "Persian  bees,"  in  order,  so  to  say, 
to  dignify  and  emphasize  their  south- 
ern or  centi'al  origin. 

In  consequence  of  natural  and  arti- 
ficial multiplication,  as  well  as  trans- 
portation into  the  northern  and  north- 
western regions,  this  variety  lias 
readied  the  steppes  of  Mughan  and 
the  banks  of  the  Aras  River,  preserv- 
ing its  type  in  all  its  purity.  Beyond 
these  limits  it  mixes  with  other  vari- 
eties and  loses  its  color  and  its  origi- 
nal character. 

The  queens  of  the  Persian  race  are 
rather  large,  well  proportioned,  beauti- 
ful, and  of  a  fine  yellow  color  over  the 


whole  abdomen.  They  become  partic- 
ularly beautiful  at  the  time  of  greatesi 
egg-laying,  when\  the  abdomen  en- 
larges considerably.  I  did  not  noticf 
that  the  queens  are  shy  like  those  oJ 
other  varieties;  they  are  distinguishecl 
besides  by  especial  fecundity,  and  an 
able  to  produce  powerful  colonies. 

The  males  of  this  variety  are  equal 
ly  as  large  as  the  males  of  the  grai 
variety,  but  may  be  distinguished  froii' 
the  latter  by  the  small  orange-colore< 
dots  and  rather  large  yellow  blotchei 
under  the  wings  and  on  the  sides  o 
the  thorax  and  of  the  abdomen.  L 
other  respects'  these  males  are  th' 
same  as  those  of  other  varieties. 

The  Persian  workers  are  not  in  th 
least  smaller  than  our  gray  Georgia: 
bees,  but  are  remarkable  for  thei 
beauty  and  their  vivacity.  The  firs 
four  segments  of  the  upper  part  of  th 
abdomen  are  of  a  vivitl  orange  coloi 
while  the  coat  of  fuzz,  the  abdomei 
and  the  thorax,  are  of  a  clear  yello\» 
The  thorax  above  and  where  the  fuz 
is  longest  and  thickest  is  of  a  ver 
pleasing  yellow  shade.  On  combs 
white  lioney,  if  held  toward  the  sui 
tliese  bees  are  of  a  very  brilliant  col( 
the  whole  length  of  the  abdomen,  an 
appear  transparent.  Unfortunately 
was  not  able  to  take  the  exact  dimei 
sions  of  the  cells,  nor  the  measui 
of  the  parts  of  the  body  of  the  Pe 
sian  bee. 

As  to  the  qualities  and  character  ' 
this  race,  we  were  able  to  ascerta 
that  they  are  noteworthy  on  accou! 
of  their  adroitness  and  strength,  b' 
also  by  a  great  disposition  toward  ro 
bing.  The  Persians  defend  themselv 
bravely  when  attacke<l.  Their  stinj 
are  more  painful  than  those  of  oth 
bees,  and  are  nearly  insupportable 
the  spring.  In  viciousness  the  Pe 
sian  differs  little  from  the  Russif 
(the  northern  variety),  but  appea 
almost  as  though  more  vicious.  Ho'» 
ever,  there  are  among  their  coloni 
as  among  the  colonies  of  other  kkind 
some  families  that  are  gentle  enoug 
The  Persians  are  vei'y  sensitive 
noises — to  the  sound  of  the  voice, 
an  uproar  in  the  apiary.  They  do  n 
like  to  have  their  brood-nest  disa 
ranged,  even  during  the  chief  harves 
when  bees  are  generally  better  n 
tured.  This  bad  quality  renders  the 
cultivation  difficult.  They  do  not  t) 
come  much  accustomed  to  him  wl 
cares  for  them.  What  irritates  the 
most  is  the  light  that  enters  the  hi 
at  the  moment  the  brood-nest  is  e 


904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


227 


mined.  In  this  case  it  is  necessary  to 
alve  some  precautions  so  that  the  bees 
0  not  dart  all  at  once  from  the  comb 
n  which  they  are  resting.  Smolie 
tupefies  them  only  for  an  instant; 
hey  accustom  themselves  to  it  quick- 
y.  I  have  had  considerable  practice 
11  the  handling  of  bees,  and  have  cer- 
aiu  ways  of  getting  on  with  them  dif- 
icult  to  explain,  yet  in  working  with 
\n-sian  bees  I  am  obliged  to  put  on  a 
eil  and  to  employ  in  the  examination 
iiore  time  than  for  the  other  kinds. 
'he  Persians  are  spiteful  in  the  high- 
st  degree.  Some  of  them,  after  the 
■rood-nest  has  been  opened,  do  not 
ecome  quieted  down  for  two  or  three 
ays,  and  often  attack  people  quite  a 
istance  away  from  the  apiary. 

As  I  stated  above,  the  Persians  are 
inch  disposed  toward  robbing  Re- 
loving  a  comb  of  honey  from  a  hive 
f  gray  bees  is  sufficient  to  bring  a 
ellow  robber  to  the  spot  at  once.  In 
lie  spring  and  the  autumn,  when  there 
^  no  nectar  in  the  field,  the  Persians 
ttack  the  other  bees,  get  rid  of  the 
uards,  and  skillfully  rob  the  colonies. 

During  the  summer  a  singular  habit 
f  the  Persian  bees  is  noticeable;  they 
ollect  in  considerable  numbers  on  the 
oard  near  the  hive  entrance  and  the 
ees  which  are  leaving  for  the  fields 
emain  for  some  time  before  the  en- 
rance.  as  if  they  wished  to  warm 
hemselves  in  the  sunshine. 

This  variety  supports  cold  and  hu- 
aidity  in  a  surprising  manner.  I  be- 
anie convinced  of  this  upon  seeing  fre. 
uently  the  negligence  with  which 
hey  are  treated  in  the  cold  climate  of 
he  mountains,  or  in  the  low  and  hu- 
aid  valleys  of  Persia  and  Lenkoran. 

Persian  bees  are  very  industrious, 
''hey  do  not  show  a  desire  to  swarm 
requently.  even  in  small  hives,  and 
an  live  in  very  large  colonies,  such  as 

liave  often  olbserved  in  the  forests  of 
.oiikorau: 

In  Lenkoran  they  keep  them  in  hori- 
ontal  rustic  hives,  made  of  oak  or  of 
sh  wood,  and  they  cannot  increase 
ny  more  than  when  in  the  wild  state 
Q  the  hollows  of  trees.  Moreover,  the 
are  which  their  keeper  gives  them 
annot  be  otherwise  than  injurious  to 
hem. 

To  offset  this  in  the  forests  they  are 
ften  attacked  by  the  wax  moth  and 
he  death's  head  moth,  and  generally 
uccomb  in  this  struggle. 

One  of  the  qualities  of  this  variety 
s  that  the  bees  start  out  earlier  than 
he  others  for  the  harvest,  and  work 


on  flowers  that  other  honey-bees  do 
not  frequent.  In  addition  to  the  obser- 
vations made  on  the  spot,  in  order  to 
study  certain  peculiarities  of  the  bees, 
I  have  had  under  observation  for  four 
years  two  colonies  of  Persian  bees. 

In  conclusion  I  will  say  that  of  the 
twelve  varieties  of  bees  that  I  pos- 
sess and  have  observed,  the  Persian 
bees  are  the  most  difficult  ones  to  get 
on  with.  Perhaps  tliey  are  inclined  to 
be  quarrelsome  (sic),  something  I 
have  had  an  opportunity  to  verify. 
Perhaps  one  can  b.y  dint  of  care, 
make  of  them  an  industrious  and  gen- 
tler race,  but  for  the  present,  as  they 
render  it  so  difficult  to  care  for  them, 
it  is  natural  that  every  apiculturist 
should  prefer  another  variety — of 
which  there  are  many  here — a  variety 
that  Nature  herself  has  rendered  more 
agreeable  and  easier  to  raise.  This 
.vear  I  will  receive  a  colony  from 
Swanatia,  one  from  Van  (Turkey  in 
Asia)  and  one  from  Djelal-Ogli. 


THE  MANGROVE. 

The  Great  Nect.ar  Yielder  Said  to  be 
Useful  Otherwise. 
In  British  Honduras,  says  the  Clarion, 
the  mangrove  bark  is  fast  becoming 
an  important  article  of  export.  As  the 
mangrove  abounds  all  along  our  coasts 
and  for  a  long  way  up  our  rivers,  the 
supply  is  almost  inexhaustible.  The 
getting  of  the  bark  needs  no  capital 
aad  the  industry  is  therefore  one 
which  is  essentially  one  for  the  poor 
man  with  energy  to  engage  in.  The 
bark  is  used  for  tanning  and  the  de- 
mand is  practically  unlimited.  How 
about  Jamiaca  getting  a  show?  We 
have  plenty  of  mangroves,  and  plenty 
of  poor  men,  too,  for  that  matter. — 
Jamaica  Times. 


SiT.  LUCIA.  W.  I. 
There  are  now  2.50  colonies  of  bees 
in  St.  Lucia  in  modern  hives,  says  the 
Jamaica  Times,  all  being  run  for  ex- 
tracted hone.v:  this  being  an  increase 
of  nearly  100  per  cent,  within  the  past 
.vear.  Honey  shipments  are  now  com- 
mencing to  go  forward,  and  the  indus- 
try is  now  reported  to  be  firmly  estab- 
lished in  the  island  and  promises  to  in- 
crease steadily.  As~  regards  the  cotton 
industry  in  St.  Lucia,  the  prospects 
are  bright  and  encouraging. 


Now,  let  us  have  a  nice  lot  of  good 
readable  articles  fi'om  which  to  select 
for  the  long  winter  evening's  reading. 


OS       < 

§    3 


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[904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


229 


HAMILTON      COUNTY,     O.,     BEE- 
KEEPERS'   ASSOCIATION. 


riie  annual  niot'tinj^  was  held  iu  the 
•(in\ention  room,  Grand  Hotel  Cinciu- 
■inati,  Monday  evening,  Sept.  12th  at 
S  [).   m.,   when   the  following    officers 
aere  elected  for  the  ensuing  year 
President — Fl-ed  W.  Muth. 
Vice  President — John  C.  Frohliger. 
Treasurer — G.  Green. 
Secretary — Wm.  J.  Gilliland. 
Executive  Committee: 
K.  L..  Curry, 
A.  E.  Painter, 
C.  Kuck, 
E.  P.  Rogers, 
E.  H.  Chidlaw, 
Wm.  McLennan, 
E.  H.  Vaupel, 
Theo.  Meyer, 
Wallace  Burch, 
Dr.  A.  B.  Barker, 
Wm.  R.  Gould, 
Miss  Carrie  Boehme. 
The   secretary   presented  his   report 
s  follows:     The  executive  committee 
as  much  pleasure  in  presenting  'their 
econd  annual  report,  which  indicates 
continuation  of  the  prosperous  con- 
ition  that  has  been  shown  since  its 
rganization,    a    marked    increase    in 
aembership,  and  a  continued  influence 
mongst  bee-keepers  in  the  immediate 
eighborhood,    county,    and    adjoining 
tates. 

The  most  important  event  of  the 
ear,  was  tlie  enactment  into  law  of  a 
ill  for  the  ti'eatmeiit  of  foul-brood. 
nd  the  appointment  of  a  foul-brood 
ispector  under  its  provision.  The 
romotion  of  this  measure  was  under- 
iken  by  us.  Valuable  assistance  was 
endered  by  the  Hamilton  County  Rep- 
esentatives,  led  by  Mr.  D.  R.  Her- 
ek,  who  took  charge  of  the  measure 
the  House,  and  exerted  his  influ- 
ace  in  pushing  the  bill  to  its  final 
tages,  and  ultimate  passage.  This  is 
le  first  attempt  at  legislation  in  the 
tate  of  Ohio,  in  the  interests  of  the 
ee-keeping  fraternity,  and  the  Hamil- 
m  County  Bee-Keepers  may  be 
>nned  the  "Pioneers  of  Bee  Legisla- 
ve  Measures  in  the  State  of  Ohio." 
Next  matter  of  importance  in  which 
e  were  instrumental  in  advocating, 
'as  the  addition  of  a  Honey-schedule 
ad  premium  list  at  the  Hamilton 
ounty  fair,  at  Oakley.  Ohio.  Quite 
a  exhibit  of  extracted  honey  in  .iars, 
)mb  honey  in  sections  and  supers, 
ere  exhibited,  and  substantial  pre- 
iums   were   awarded   to  competitive 


members  of  our  association.  It  is  a 
fact  that  we  regretted  that  more  bee- 
keepers did  not  avail  themselves  of 
this  opportunity  to  compete.  We  would 
remind  them  to  make  preparations  ear- 
ly next  year,  and  make  a  showing  that 
would  be  alike  ci'editable  to  the  bee- 
keepers and  to  the  influence  of  this 
society. 

The  year  ends  with  fifty-eight  sub- 
scribers on  the  roll  of  membership  as 
compared  with  forty-seven  last  year, 
an  increase  of  fully  twenty-five  per 
cent.  This  increase  is  made  up  prin- 
cipally of  practical  bee-keepers,  who 
manifest  a  desire  to  learn  the  best 
methods  in  modern  bee-keeping. 

During  the  year,  now  ended,  were 
held  twelve  regular  and  four  special 
meetings,  making  sixteen  in  all.  The 
attendance  was  a  very  good  average, 
considering  the  variable  weather,  and 
long  distances  a  great  many  of  the 
members  had  to  travel  to  attend  the 
meetings. 

Wm.  J.  Gilliland, 
Secretary. 


HARDSCRABBI.E  LETTER. 


Ah-h-h.     Huh!  Huh! 

What's  the  matter  with  me?  Wal, 
I've  been  a  cogitatin  on  what  Brer 
Hutchinson  had  to  remark  on  this  yere 
feeding  curse.  He  didn't  take  kindly 
to  my  comments.  I'm  sorry  for  that, 
cause  W.  Z.  is  a  fine  boy,  means  well, 
too,  but  gets  biased  onct  in  a  while. 

Now,  this  yere  feeding.  I  say  again, 
its  a  cuss  to  the  industi-y,  b'gosh.  W. 
Z.  gives  the  mossy,  weather-worn  ex- 
planations as  how  the  bees  kindly  use 
up  all  the  s.yrup  and  none  on  it  gets 
into  the  supers.  Diu*n  strange  how  the 
accommodatin'  little  cusses  never  save 
any  of  the  syrup  ,  never  tuck  any  of 
it  in  way  back  corners,  never  have  any 
left  when  the  supers  go  on.  Goldurn 
queer  how  a  good  husky  colony  al- 
ways keeps  a  supjily  of  honey  ahead 
of  the  brood  wants  (or  abolishes  the 
brood)  and  then  wont  do  the  same  with 
sugar  syrup.  Whoppin  big  sight  of  ex- 
plain billed  to  arrive  along  here.  What 
a  rumpus  it  do  I'aise  .iust  to  say  feed- 
in'  should  be  prohibited.  I  wonder 
why?  You  don't  s'pose  it  touches  their 
pocket,  do  you?  And  the  excusin'  and 
explainin'I 

"Ofttimes  the  excusin'  of  a  fault 

"Doth  make  the  fault  worse  by  the 
excuse." 

Huh!  It's  mighty  nice  to  say,  'taint 
possible,    things    can't    happen,    just 


2.10 


THE    AMERICAN 
to 


cause    'twould    be  "inconvenient' 
have  'em  happen. 

As  the  devil  can  quote  Scripture,  I 
wonder  how  it  w^uld  seem  if  I  should 
say  to  the  boys  "Avoid  the  appearance 
of  evil." 

W.  .Z  thinks  that  the  criticism  of  the 
sugar  habit  is  straining  for  effect. 
Gosh  all  hemlocks,  what  in  thunder  do 
I  want  of  effect?  To  intimate  that  the 
crop  of  a  sugar  feeder  is  increased  is 
plub  proper  until  he  all  can  prove 
there  ain't  any  sugar  in  it.  Perhaps 
the  sugarees  can  tell  we  uns  how  it 
happens  that  honey  from  their  yards 
is  so  often  flat  and  insipid.  That's  the 
word,  insipid.  Nice  word.  Perhaps 
they  will  elucidate  the  because  why 
the  onexpected  caller  so  often  'finds 
feeders  full  of  syrup  "accidentally"' 
left  on  during  the  harvest. 

Fust  thing  Brers.  Root  and  Hutch- 
inson will  be  wonderin'  how  they 
came  to  play  catspaw  for  the  sugarees. 
Too  bad,  Harry.  Just  suggest  to  the 
childer  that  if  they  must  feed  that 
they  save  honey  to  do  it  with  and 
then  the  Korn  Glucose  Syrup  fellers 
can't  say  plausable  tilings  about  we 
uns. 

Don't  they?  Huh!  Go  ask  your 
grocer  and  he'll  tell  you  "the  childilke 
and  bland  l?ee  boys  feM  sugar  to  get 
those  nice  white  combs,  and  that  sugar 
makes  the  whitest  w^ax,  for  their  books 
say  so." 

I  didn't  wander  over  the  old  earth 
for  sixty  odd  years  with  my  eyes  and 
ears  shut.  No!  Not  by  the  great  horn- 
spoon  I  didn't. 

Geewhillikins,  but  W.  Z.  is  in  for 
more  trouble  and  he  and  Freddy  Muth 
will  feel  as  if  they  had  been  pulled 
from  a  bargain  couuter  after  A.  I.  R. 
gets  through  with  them.  :Muth  tells 
how^  he  dressed  Peebles  show  window 
on  Saturdav  night  so  'twould  pull  the 
"push"  all  day  SUNDAY  (wus  than 
Monday  papers  that  are  printed  on 
Sunday).  Sinful  Peebles,  wicked 
wicked  Muth,  not  to  draw  the  cur- 
tains on  Sunday,  and  naughty, 
naughty  W.  Z.  to  publish  all  about  the 
glorious  profit  it  yielded.  Hot  A.  I.  R. 
will  singe  'em  all  right.  Such  fire- 
works. Phist-boom-ah,  I  smell  'em 
burning. 

Where's  my  sheet?  Oh  ho!  Them 
is  stage  properties  used  to  attract  your 
attention  but  now  we're  in  touch  I've 
dropped  into  my  more  comfortable  rig. 
Smoke?  Ha,  ha,  of  course  I  do. 
Ah-h-h. 


BEE-KEEPER.  November, 

NOTES  AND  COMMENTS. 


!^ 


Gleaned  by  Mr.  Getaz  from  L'Apiculteur  and  La 
Revue  Electrique. 


PUBLIC  EXPERIMENTS. 

THE  EUROPEAN  societies  of  agri- 
culture and  apiculture  are  in  the 
habit  of  experimenting  ob 
whatever  subjects  may  be  deemed 
worthy  of  investigation.  This  is  done 
by  distributing  to  the  members  tbt 
necessary  seeds,  or  other  things,  re- 
questing them  to  experiment  on  cer 
tain  lines  and  report.  It  is  not  com 
pulsory  to  take  part.  When  the  re 
ports  are  in,  the  results  are  published 
in  the  official  paper  of  the  society 
Right  here,  I  may  mention  that  ever: 
society  has  an  official  journal,  dis 
tributed  gratis  to  the  members,  an< 
in  which  all  the  reports  of  the  societ; 
are  published.  That  does  not  necessari 
ly  mean  that  the  society  goes  into  th 
publication  business.  Usually  arrangt 
ments  are  made  with  some  of  th 
standard  papers.  For  instance,  th 
Apiculteur  is  txie  official  organ  of  th 
International  Congress  of  Apiculteui 
and  of  eight  apicultural  societies. 

If  I  go  at  length  into  these  details  i 
is  because  I  think  our  American  be 
keeper  societies  might  follow   such 
course  with  great  advantage  in  man 
cases. 

RELATING  TO  SWARMS. 

Among  the  subjects  of  study  of  oi 
of  the  French  societies  was  the  que 
tion  of  swarming.  A  series  of  que 
tions  was  sent,  in  1902,  to  the  mer 
bers,  with  request  to  observe  and  r 
port.  Here  are  some  of  the  points  a 
certained : 

1.  The  swarming  season  in  so  far  i 
primary  swarms  are  concerned,  begli 
(average  dates)  May  28th  and  em 
June  30th.  The  extreme  dates  for  tl 
beginning  have  been  so  far  May  I? 
and  June  13t^;  for  the  ending,  Ju) 
6th  and  July  4th. 

2.  The  relative  number  of  swam 
during  the  swarming  season  Is  abo 
one-fifth  in  May,  one-half  between  t) 
1st  and  1'^^^^  of  June,  one-fourth  b 
tween  June  11  and  June  20,  one-ten 
after  June  2ath. 

3.  The  earliest  coming  out  of 
swarm  was  8:5  a.  m.,  and  the  late 
4  p.  m.  These  are  extreme  limits.  Tl 
average  number  were  as  follows:  Fi 
per  cent,  before  10  a.  m.,  twenty-t^ 
per  cent,  between  10  and  12,  iifty-s 
per  cent,  between  12  and  2  p.  m.,  fl 


|i 


904.                              THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  231 

eeu  per  ceut.  between  2  and  3  p.  m.,  trance   between   the   brood-nest   filled 

wo  per  ceut.  after  3  p.  m.  about    five,    and   those    with    the   en- 

4.  Among  the  points  to  be  observed  trance  above  the  supers  six.  As  Mr. 
vas  the  atmospheric  pressure — that  is,  A.  G.  is  one  of  the  leading  writers  of 
\  liether  the  barometer  is  high  or  low.  the  Apiculteur,  his  statement  can  be 
Che  result  was  that  eighty-five  per  accepted.  What  I  would  like  to  know 
ent.  of  the  swarms  came  out  on  days  is,  how  much  brood  and  honey  were 
vhen  the  barometer  was  at  760  mm.  in  the  brood-nest,  especially  at  the  end 
lid  above,  and  only  fifteen  per  cent,  of  the  season. 

dien   below  none  at  all  when  below  UNITING  FOR  THE  HONEY  FLOW. 
oO  mm.     It  must  be  noted  here  that 

hese  observations  were  made  in   the  ^r-  C-  ^^-  Weber  unites  his  colonies 

Kirtheast  part  of  France  Avhere  a  fall  two   by  two    during  the  honey  flow. 

if    the    barometer   is   always    accom-  '^^(^  two  colonies   are  sprinkled  with 

)anied  by  damp  and  rainy  weather.  I  water  to  which  some  extract  has  been 

hink     the   state    of    ^'>-    atmospnere  added,  to  give  them  the  same  scent, 

•ught  to  have  been  observed  in  con-  One  of  the  colonies  is  unqueened  and 

ectiou,  that  is,  whetlier  the  weather  placed  on  the  top  of  the  other.  A  queen 

vas  clear  or  cloudy.  excluder  is  placed  between  the  two,  so 

5.  Eighty-two  per  cent,  of  the  as  to  confine  the  queen  below.  Both 
warms  came  out  during  light  winds  entrances  are  left  open  and  Mr.  Weber 
r  calm  weather,  and  eighteen  per  says  the  bees  use  both  equally  well: 
ent.  durin£r  medium  winds.  If  possible,  the  colonies  united  should 

G.  Eighty-nine  per  cent,  of  the  be  those  close  together  and  the  united 
warms  came  out  when  the  tempera-  concern  placed  between  the  two  old 
lire  (in  the  shade)  was  above  68  F.,  stands.  At  the  end  of  the  flow,  the 
lid  eleven  per  cent,  when  below.  The  two  colonies  are  separated,  the  brood 
Dwest  ^— orature  observed  was  61  equally  divided  between  them  and,  of 
degrees,  and  tne  highest  77  degrees,  course,  a  queen  given  to  the  queen- 
bat  the  summer  temperature  of  less  one.  The  queens  removed  at  the 
lorthern  France  is  much  below  that  time  of  uniting  may  have  been  kept 
f  nearly  the  wh^^'^  United  States,  and  in  nuclei,  or  young  ones  can  be  pro- 
I:  no  swarm  issued  at  a  higher  tem-  vided. 

erature  it  is  because  such  tempera-  BEE  STINGS  FOR  RHEUMATISM. 
are  did  not  occur.  jj^  a^  previous  issue,  mention  was 
7.  Eighty-six  per  cent,  of  the  made  of  Dr.  Langer's  study  of  the  bee 
warms  come  out  when  the  sun  was  venom  Since  that  time,  he  has  re- 
hining  on  the  hive  entrances.  That  ceived  a  number  of  inquiries  upon  the 
5  nearly  nine  out  of  ten.  This  goes  effect  of  the  bee  stings  in  case  of 
3  show  the  importance  of  shading  in  rheumatism.  In  a  recent  communica- 
lot  weather,  and  of  sufficient  ventila-  ^ion,  he  states  that  he  has  no  experi- 
ion— in  a  word,  to  avoid  having  the  ence  in  that  line  himself,  but  quotes 
olonies  suffering  from  over-heating,  dj.  ^ere,  of  Marburg.  Dr.  Terc  has 
Further  observations  will  appear  ^sed  bee  stings  for  the  cure  of  rheuma- 
_Li  a  future  number.  tism  for  quite  a  number  of  years.  In 
POSITION  OF  ENTRANCES.  1888  he  reported  having  applied  al- 
ready some  39,000  stings  to  173  pa- 
Mention  was  made  in  a  previous  tients.  In  190.3,  he  presented  an  ex- 
umber  of  the  experiments  of  Mr.  tensive  report  on  the  subject  to  the  Im- 
liehards,  who  obtained  about  five  perial  Society  of  Medicine,  of  Vienna. 
imes  more  sui*plus  when  the  entrance  More  than  five  hundred  persons  have 
f  the  hive  was  between  the  brood-  been  treated.  The  remedy  is  sure 
est  and  the  supers  than  when  it  is  against  the  rheumatism  of  articula- 
elow  the  brood-nest.  Mr.  A.  G.  of  N.  tions,  whether  chronic  or  temporary. 
Isere)  went  this  summer  "one  bet-  The  sooner  the  treatment  is  begun, 
er."  On  some  of  his  colonies,  he  put  the  better.  None  of  the  persons 
he  entrance  as  Mr.  Richards,  and  on  treated  showed  any  affection  of  the 
ome  above  the  supers,  under  the  cov-  heart.  The  remedy  is  also  effective 
r,  or,  rather,  under  the  roof,  for  all  in  cases  of  muscular  or  neuralgic 
Juropean  hives  out  in  open  have  a  rheumatism  or  pains.  It  is  slower,  but 
egular  additional  roof-like  cover.  The  much  surer  than  the  salicylic  acid  or 
Bsults  were  that,  while  the  colonies  other  remedies  usually  employed.  It 
'1th  the  entrance  below  filled  one  su-  is  not  to  be  applied  to  very  young 
er  or  thereabout,  those  with  the  en-  children,  very  old  people,  or  those  af- 


232 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


November, 


fected  by  anemia,  tuberculosis,  inflam- 
mation of  kidneys  or  fever.  In  case  of 
heart  disease,  it  must  be  avoided,  as 
it  might  cause  death,  and  if  after 
beginning  the  treatment  any  symptom 
of  heart  trouble  appears,  it  must  be 
stopped.  Dr.  Terc  thhiks  the  cases 
reported  of  people  dying  of  a  few  bee 
stings  were  persons  already  having 
some  far  advanced  heart  trouble. 

The  method  is  very  simple.  The  op- 
erator takes  the  bee  between  the  thumb 
and  index  finger  and  applies  the  "busi- 
ness end"  to  the  patient.  The  sting  is 


left  for  some  minutes  before  taken 
out.  The  treatment  is  begun  by. 
one  to  three  stings  a  day,  and  then 
increased  gx'adually  to  one  hundred  or 
even  more.  <^  treatment  lasts  one 

or  two  years  in  serious  cases.  If  the 
tissues  '^"  nvticulations  are  already  al- 
tered or  degenerated,  nothing  can  re- 
store them.  Not  everybody  will  con- 
sent to  adopt  such  a  course,  yet  Dr. 
Terc,  during  the  last  23  years,  has 
treated  over  five  hundred  persons. 

The    problem    is    now    to    obtain   a 
serum  or  some  other  way  to  apply  the|" 
remedy  in  a  more  convenient  way. 


♦  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦  M  ♦  MM  M  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦  M  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦  M  M  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦  » 


THE 


Bee -Keeping  World 


staff  Contributors  :    F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ. 

Contributions  to  ttiis  Department  are  solicited  from  all  quarters  of  ttie  earth. 


4. 


MM  ♦MM4tMMMM»»M  ♦♦♦♦♦♦  ♦MMMMMMMMtMM^' 


AUSTRIA. 

Michael  Ambrosic,  a  well  known 
breeder  of  Carniolan  bees  and  dealer 
in  bee-keepers'  suppl''^'^  died  recently. 
The  writer  -''  this  has  some  letters  on 
(file  from  this  gentleman,  referring  to 
the  characteristics  of  the  Carniolan 
bee.  He  must  have  been  a  wide-awake 
man.  His  inquiries  regarding  tools 
and  hives  and  methods  in  vogue  here 
among  the  Americans,  which  I  have 
had  the  pleasure  of  answering,  are  a 
proof  of  this. 


ENGLAND. 


A  certain  English  lord,  after  having 
been  cured  of  rheumatisin  by  his  fam- 
ily physicin'"  "'>id  him  three  hundred 
pounds  sterling  for  the  recipo  of  the 
medicine  that  cured  him,  that  he 
might  give  it  to  the  public.  Here  it  is: 
"One  ounce  of  sulphur;  one  ounce  tar- 
tari"^  if^id;  one-half  ounce  rhubarb;  one 
dram  Gugaca  gum;  sixteen  ounces 
honey." 


GERMANY. 


PUREST  Blossom  HONEY, 
(mixed  with  sugar  syrup) 
Per  pound,  1.00  Mark. 

Half  pound,  .GO  Mart 

The  words,  "mixed,"  etc.,  were  prini 

ed  in  the   smallest  type,  very  apt  t 

be  overlooked.    It  will  be  seen  that  th 

world  is  about  the  same  everywhen 

Accordng  to  observation  made  b; 
H.  Ritter,  the  false  drone  (offspring  o 
a  worker)  requires  twenty-one  day 
for  its  development.  The  normal  dron 
(offspring  of  a  queen)  requires  twenty 
four  days.  It  would  seem  from  thi 
that  there  would  have  to  be  sonie  diJ 
ference  in  the  resulting  insects.  1: 
this  line  Dickel  says,  in  Die  Biem 
that  there  is  a  marked  difference  foun 
in  the  third  pair  of  legs.  That  part  o 
the  leg  which  is  called  the  pollen  has 
ket  in  the  worker  bee  is  in  norma 
drone  and  queen  convex  and  in  thl 
former  almost  always  bare;  in  till 
false  drone  it  is  regularly  shaped  am 
nearer   that   of   the   worker. 


1 
If 
It 


Honsel,  who  writes  the  monthly  in- 
structions for  bee-keepers  in  "Die 
Biene,"  says,  one  day  wnen  passing  a 
fancy  store  in  Leipzig  he  discovered 
in  the  show  window  extracted  honey 
exhibited  in  one,  and  one-half  pound 
glass  .iars.  The  label  read  as  follows: 


Dr.  Kuehl  reported  at  the  grea 
Wander-Versammlung  ( bee-keeperf 
union)  of  German,  Hungarian,  Aus 
trian  and  Switzerland  bee-keepers,  tha 
the  average  yield  per  colony  from  thl 
tines  alone  run  between  eighty  and  on 
hundred  pounds.     The  convention  wa 


904.  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  233 

leld  in  Doonbion,  and  was  well  at-  large  share  is  imported  from  Hungaria, 
ended.  The  whole  city  was  deco-  Italy,  California,  Cuba,  Brazil  and 
•att'd  and  the  authorities  and  the  dlf-  Australia.  Some  Brazil  honey  ranks 
erent  societies  spared  no  pains  to  equal  to  German  honey;  other  Ameri- 
iiake  it  pleasant  for  the  bee-keepers,  can  honey  does  not. 
I  may  report  more  of  this  convention  A  large  share  of  the  table  honey  is 
ator. — ^F.  Greiuer.)  mixed — using    beet   sugar   as    a    basis 

■  and    adding   a    little   heath    honey    to 

Wurth  finds  a  queen  in  a  new  color  and  flavor.  A  great  deal  of  mon- 
warm  this  way:  After  the  swarm  ey  is  made  with  this  substitute.  The 
well  gathered  it  is  dumped  out  or  city  of  Berlin  is  one  of  the  heaviest 
haken  off  onto  a  clean  piece  of  consumers  of  extracted  honey.  What 
round  (we  here  use  a  white  sheet)  Guehler  deplores  most  is  the  fact  that 
nd  the  hive  is  set  near  it.  When  the  there  are  a  number  of  extensive  bee- 
ees  begin  to  enter  the  hive,  the  latter  keepers  (having  as  many  as  three  hun- 
3  gradually  moved  back  and  the  bees  dred  colonies  each)  who  use  their  bee 
re  thus  forced  to  spread  out  thinly,  business  as  a  means  of  advertising- 
he  vigilant  eye  of  the  bee-keeper  can.  their  foreign  and  mixed  product.  At 
bus  easily  discover  the  object  he  is  most,  he  says,  they  can  produce  fifteen 
fter.  thousand  pounds  of  honey  in  a  year. 

. Some  years   the  three  hundred  skeps 

When  a  large  number  of  colonies  are  produce  no  more  than  three  colonies, 
D  be  moved  into  the  Heath,  Rud.  and  yet  they  maintain  a  wholesale 
>athe  recommends,  in  Centralblatt,  to  business,  selling  great  quantities  of 
ike  a  load  of  the  strong  colonies  first,  honey,  making  it  appear  as  though  it 
'ext,  and  a  few  days  after,  move  a  was  all  the  product  of  their  own  bee- 
)ad  of  weak  colonies  and  place  theru    yards,  thus  misleading  the  consumers. 

heife    the   strong   ones    have    stood,  • 

iving  the  latter  ones  new  locations.  To  bleach  wax  and  make  it  white  it 
hus  they  are  hindered  from  swarm-  is  exposed  to  sunlight  in  moist  atmos- 
and  the  weak  ones  are  greatly  phere,  and  in  very  small  particles. 
?nefited.  It  will  be  remembered  that  The  process  requires  from  five  to  six 
I  the  heath  sections,  straw-skeps  are  weeks,  unless  one  and  one-fourth  to 
I  general  use.  and  the  bees  do  i^  one  and  three-fourths  per  cent,  of  tur- 
•eat  amount  of  swarming.  Small  aft-  pentlne  has  been  added  to  the  wax, 
•-swarms,  with  their  young  queens,  when  the  time  may  be  shortened  to 
ay    be    converted    into  good    strong    six  or  eight  days,  so  says  Pr.  Wegw. 

varms  by  the  above  method,  and  it 

rikes  me  that  perhaps  we  might  prac-  BOHEMIA. 

ce  a  similar  plan  when  moving  into       All   the  preparatory   work  for  win- 

ickwheat. — fF.  G.)  ter  should  have  been  finished  by  the 

last  of  September.    Bees  should  not  be 

A.  Boehme,  in  speaking  of  the  disturbed  after  this.  The  best  time 
hacelia,  says  in  Centralblatt:  The  to  judge  the  strength  of  a  colony  of 
hacelia  is  a  better  pollen  producer  bees  is — not  during  the  noon  hours, 
lan  honey  yielder.  Does  not  do  well  but  early  on  a  cool  morning.  The 
irlng  the  latter  part  of  the  season,  quantity  of  winter  stores  a  hive  con- 
lerefore  secrei:es  honey  at  a  time  tains  may  be  guessed  at.  Weighing 
hen  other  blossoms  furnish  plenty,  not  necessary. — Boehm  h-i  Deutsche 
quires    rich    ground.      During     wet   Imker. 

ather    the    flower    heads    draw  too  • 

uch  moisture  and  hold  it;  consequent-  The  advice  by  F.  Tobish  in  the  same 
bees  are  often  prevented  from  work-  paper  to  winter  bees  upon  good 
g  on  it.  As  a  crop  the  plants  lodge  healthy  honey  is  cheap.  The  question 
id  rot  badly.  I  do  not  consider  it  a  is  what  is  such  honey?  How  can  we 
ofitable  crop  to  grow.  During  wee  positively  know  it?  In  another  place 
eather  it  is  difl3cult  to  harvest  the  of  the  same  paper  Friend  Tobish  ex- 
ed.  presses  some  other  ideas  which  I  have 

■  found  to  be  correct:      The  use  of  the 

Guehler  estimated  the  value  of  drone  trap  is  not  to  be  recommended. 
le  average  honey  crop  in  Germany  at  Regulate  the  '^"+'^nt  of  drones  by  al- 
1,000,000  marks.  He  also  says  that  lowing  but  a  small  amount  of  drone- 
prmany  does  not  produce,  and  never  comb.  Drones  are  necessary.  The 
Is,  its  supply  of  honey,  and  that  a   observing    bee-master    will    find    the 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


234 

drone  to  be  an  indicator  of  prosperity, 
or  want,  etc. 


November, 


Small  colonies  with  yonng  queens 
may  be  safely  wintered  if  properly 
cared  for.  Many  times,  yes,  very  oft- 
en. One  of  these  small  colonies  will 
outstrip  the  populous  one  the  follow- 
ing season.    There  is  vim  in  them. 


CHINA. 
There  are  two  kinds  of  bees  found  in 
China.  The  large  vicious  bee  is  never 
molested  by  the  natives.  The  small 
black  bee  builds  its  nests  on  the  un- 
derside of  large  limbs.  The  natives 
hunt  the  nests  and  often  obtain  large 
amounts  of  honey  and  some  wax  from 
them. 


trating  her  brood  on  a  few.  To  obvi- 
ate this,  a  correspondent  of  the  Rucher 
Beige  advises  to  leave  the  necessary 
number  of  combs  for  the  brood  sepa- 
rated at  the  usual  distance.  The  oth- 
ers are  to  be  put  considerably  farther 
apart.  The  bees  extend  the  length  of 
the  cells  accordingly,  and  being  entire- 
ly too  deep  for  the  queen  to  lay  in, 
she  omits  them.  There  are  other  ad- 
vantages. Less  number  of  combs  for 
the  same  quantity  of  honey  means  less 
original  cost,  less  work  for  the  bees 
to  cap  them  and  less  work  for  the 
apiarist  wheu  it  comes  to  uncapping 
and  extracting. 


BELGIUM. 

The  Rucher  Beige  quotes  from  a 
German  paper  an  assertion  as  to 
whether  the  more  water  the  honey 
contains,  the  less  it  is  liable  to  candy. 
Mr.  Stachelhausen  contests  the  prop- 
osition. He  says  that  in  America  (that 
is,  the  United  States)  the  honey  is 
heated  in  order  to  evaporate  as  much 
water  as  possible,  and  the  less  water 
is  left,  the  less  are  the  chances  of 
candying,  luat  heating  the  honey  will 
prevent  candying  is  certain,  but  it  is 
not  caused  by  evaporation.  At  the 
temperature  used  (120  degress  F.)  the 
evaporation  is  insignificant.  Some- 
times the  honey  alrearlv  candied  is 
liquefied  simply  by  putting  the  jars  or 
other  vessels  in  warm  water,  without 
opening  them.  In  such  cases  thei'e  is 
no  evaporation  at  all.  The  explanation 
must  be  sought  in  some  other  direc- 
tion. 

Honey  is  chiefly  composed  of  two 
sweet  o"i->ctnnces  in  variable  propor- 
tions. One  '■  called  dextrose,  and  it 
crystalizes  comparatively  easily.  The 
other,  called  levulose,  crystalizes  only 
under  '^--'^'-tional  conditions.  The 
treatises  on  chemistry  tell  us  that  the 
application  of  heat  or  the  presence  of 
an  acid  gradually  transforms  the  dex- 
trose into  levulose.  I  suppose  this  is 
what  takes  place  when  the  candied 
honey  is  heated.  The  less  dextrose  the 
mixture  contains,  thje  less  are  the 
chances  of  candying. 


The  question  whether  bees  can  oi 
cannot  transport  the  eggs  has  nevei 
been  completely  settled.  Now  am 
then  some  incident  comes  to  ligh 
which  seems  to  show  that  they  do  it 
at  least,  under  some  special  circum 
stances.  To  the  few  cases  alrea; 
quoted  in  these  columns  the  following 
can  be  added:  A  correspondent  ii 
visiting  a  colony  that  he  knew  to  hav 
been  without  -  nneen  for  some  tim( 
was  surprised  to  find  two  queen  cell 
occupied,  but  no  other  brood.  H 
finally  remembered  that  some  days  b( 
fore,  he  had  put  on  the  floor  of  ths 
hive  a  piece  r>f  broken  comb  containin 
some  honey  and  a  few  eggs.  Undoub 
edly  these  two  cells  contained  egg 
transported  from  the  broken  piece 


sp 


A   NEW    NATIONAL   ORGANIZA- 
TION. 


The  Layens  hive  is  very  much  used 
in  Europe.  It  is  a  one-story  hive  for 
extracted  honey  something  near  what 
we  call  the  "Long  Ideal"  hive.  Occa- 
sionally the  queen  lays  a  little  in  al- 
most every  comb,  instead  of  concen- 


The  Bee-Keepers'  Review  says:  ". 
National  Honey  Exchange  was  bom  t 
the  St.  Louis  convention.  Five  prai 
tical  bee-keepers,  widely  scattered  ovfj 
the  country,  were  chosen  as  a  con 
mittee  to  draft  a  constitution  and  bj 
laws,  and  something  like  $700  worth  ( 
stock,  at  $25  a  share,  was  subscribe 
for  on  the  spot.  This  may  be  the  ei 
tering  wedge  that  will  eventually  raif 
producers  to  a  higher  plane  in  the  sel 
ing  of  their  honey."  This  has  somi 
thing  of  a  harsh  metallic  ring  chara' 
teristic  of  modern  business  method 
and  is  in  pleasing  conti-ast  with  tt 
rather  doleful  tone  of  the  old  bell  hue 
on  the  shoals  of  Foreign  Competitic 
which  has  lately  been  permeating  tt 
apiarian  atmosphere.  The  constit 
tion  and  by-laws  of  the  Nation; 
Honey  Exchange,  when  ready,  will  I 
very  interesting  reading  for  honey  pr 
ducers. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  235 

semblage;  but,  doubtless,  a  gratifying 
result  to  certain  participants. 


PUBLISHED  MONTHLY. 
THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MANFG.  Co. 


Mr.  J.  W.  Tcfft,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  who 
has  spent  the  summer  in  Southern.  Cal- 
ifornia, writes  that  a  most  deplorable 
condition  of  affairs  exists  in  the  apia- 
ries of  the  southern  countries  of  the 
state.  Starvation  and  feeding  to  save 
the  bees  is  the  substance  of  the  matter. 


PROPRIETORS. 
H.    E.    HILL,  -  EDITOR, 

FORT  PIERCE,  FLA- 


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THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER, 

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Articles  for  publication  or  letters  exclusi 
)r  the  editorial  department  may  be  addressed 
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J.  A.  Green  says  in  Gleanings, 
rith  regard  to  different  kinds  and 
ualities  of  propolis,  "Remember  there 

more  in  'locality'  than  some  people 
re   willing     to     admit."     There    are 

reener''  people  than  J.  A. 


'With  reference  to  the  St.  Louis  con- 
ention  all  are  agreerl  upon  one  point: 
[t  was  a  harmonious  meeting."  Not  a 
ery  broad  claim   for  a   national   as- 


The  two-pound,  and  the  half-pound 
sizes  of  section,  which  used  to  strive 
for  a  place  in  the  honey  market,  have 
been  crowded  out  by  the  medium-size 
—one-pound.  The  late  "tall  section" 
fad  is  the  only  menace  to  loom  up  be- 
fore the  very  desirable  condition  of 
uniformity  in  American  comb  honey 
packages. 


It  may  work  no  great  injury, 
either  to  the  fraternity  or  the  public, 
for  an  apiarian  journal  to  publish  er- 
roneous statements  in  regard  to  minor 
details  relative  to  the  pursuit  of  api- 
culture; neither  will  it  tend  to  estab- 
lish or  develop  prestige  in  favor  of 
the  periodical  which  indulges  in  this 
loose  style  of  journalism. 


During  the  past  month  we  have  re- 
ceived applications  for  certain  back 
numbers  of  The  Bee-Keeper  which  we 
were  unable  to  supply.  Volume  XIII 
is  practically  exhausted,  there  being 
but  a  very  few  copies,  of  two  or  three 
numbers,  left  in  the  office. 


Preparation  for  mailing  the  next  edi- 
tion of  The  Bee-Keeper  begins  on  the 
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newals received  after  that  date  fail  to 
appear  in  the  plain  wrapper  until  the 
month  following.  The  addressing  of 
several  thousand  wrappers  each  month 
takes  time,  and  the  work  has  to  be 
commenced  as  early  as  the  18th,  and 
it  is  impracticable  to  hunt  out  a  red 
and  substitute  a  plain  wrapper  after 
the  work  of  addressing  has  been  com- 
menced. We  trust  this  explanation 
will  make  clear  to  our  readers  why  it 
is  that  the  proper  credit  is  not  always 
promptly  indicated  by  the  wrapper  aft- 
er renewal  is  sent  in. 


Texas  bee-keepers  may  now  sub- 
scribe through  the  Hyde  Bee  Com- 
pany, 129  North  Flores  St.,  San  An- 
tonio. H.  H.  Hyde,  the  hustling  api- 
arist of  the  Lone  Star  State  is  in 
charge,  and  will  take  care  of  all  appli- 
cants. 


236 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


November, 


THE  NATIONAL  NOMINATIONS. 


With  a  view  to  greater  concentra- 
tion of  votes  tlian  has  heretofore  pre- 
vailed at  the  annual  election  of  offi- 
cers and  directors  of  the  National  Bee- 
keepers' Association,  an  informal  bal- 
lot, by  means  of  postal  cards,  was 
taken  recently  to  place  in  nomina- 
tion candidates  preferred  by  a  mapor- 
ity  of  the  membership.  Heretofore 
the  ballots  have  been  unduly  scatter- 
ed, as  a  result  of  there  being  absolute- 
ly no  system  in  regard  to  nominations, 
and  the  new  plan  promises  to  afford 
relief  for  those  who  desired  to  cast 
their  vote  for  the  most  popular  candi- 
dates, yet  were  wholly  without  means 
whereby  these  "popular"  ones  might 
be  ascertained.  However,  members 
are  still  at  liberty  to  vote  for  whom 
they  please,  regardless  of  the  regular 
nominees.  Members  will  bear  in  mind 
the  fact  that  the  first  two  in  each  list, 
having  received  the  highest  vote,  are 
considered  the  candidates.  The  result 
of  the  ballot  is  as  follows: 

For  President— J.  U.  Harris,  C.  P. 
Dadant,  Dr.  C.  C.  Miller,  Geo.  W. 
York,  A.  J.  Cook,  A.  I.  Root,  E.  T.  Ab- 
bott, W.  A.  Selser,  G.  M.  Doolittle,  R. 
C.  Aikin,  E.  Whitcomb,  R.  L.  Taylor, 
H.  E.  Hill,  W.  Z.  Hutchinson. 

For  Vice-President — C.  P.  Dadant, 
J.  F.  Mclntyre,  Geo.  W.  Brodbeck, 
Geo.  W.  York,  Dr.  C.  C.  Miller,  G.  M. 
Doolittle,  W.  L.  Coggshall,  J.  Hall,  J. 
U.  Harris.  E.  R.  Root,  Wm.  McEvoy, 
O.  L.  Hershiser,  J.  Johnson,  H.  Moore, 
W.  H.  Laws,  W.  Z.  Hutchinson,  H. 
H.  Hyde,  R.  C.  Aikin,  F.  Greiner,  F. 
Fouch,  E.  T.  Abbott,  W.  A.  Selser, 
Frank  Benton. 

For  Secretary — W.  Z.  Hutchinson, 
Geo.  W.  Brodbeck,  W.  H.  Laws,  S.  A. 
Niver,  L.  H.  Scholl,  E.  T.  Abbott,  G. 
F.  Davidson. 

For  General  Manager — N:  E.  France, 
L.  H.  Scholl. 

For  Director,  to  succeed  E.  Whit- 
comb—E.  Whitcomb.  H.  H.  Hyde,  F. 
W.  Muth,  H.  E.  Hill,  J.  F.  Mclntyre, 
Geo.  W.  Brodbeck.  W.  Z.  Hutchinson, 
.T.  A.  Green,  .Tames  Heddon,  A.  .7.  Cook, 
E.  Pratt  W.  Alexander  H.  Mendleson, 
A.  Carmichael,  Wm.  Stolley,  E.  Gann- 
son,  M.  Dearby. 

Director  to  succeed  W.  Z.  Hutchin- 
son—R.  L.  Taylor,  J.  Q.  Smith,  W.  Z. 
Hutchinson,  Geo.  W.  Brodbeck,  F.  W. 
Muth,  M.  A.  Gill,  W.  L.  Coggshall, 
Geo.  W.  Y^ork,  Eugene  Secor,  C.  P. 
Dadant,  IT.  Surface,  .T.  W.  Rouse.  E.  S. 
Lovesy,  Wm.   Gary,   .1.   U.   Harris,   H. 


Mendleson,  C.  Stewart,  E.  Alexander, 
F.  Rauchfuss. 

Director,  to  succeed  Udo  Toepper- 
weiu — Udo  Toepperwein,  E.  S.  Lovesy, 
Dr.  C.  C.  Miller,  H.  H.  Hyde,  J.  Q. 
Smith,  E.  T.  Abbott,  F.  L.  Allen,  L.  H. 
Scholl,  E.  R.  Root,  F.  Brown,  W.  H. 
Laws,  W.  Victor,  H.  S.  Ferry,  Frank 
Benton,  B.  J.  Atchley,  Gus  Dittmer,  H. 
Lathrop,  Emma  Wilson,  C.  Stewart 
L.  Stachelhausen,  E.  F.  Atwater. 

While  the  editor  of  The  Bee-Keepei 
deeply  appreciates  the  honor,  and  th( 
evident  good  will  of  the  uukuowr 
friends  who  have  placed  his  name  ii 
nomination  for  these  offices,  he  be 
lieves  that  he  can  better  serve  the  in 
terests  of  the  fraternity  by  remaininj 
as  at  present,  on  the  outside,  free  am 
unfettered;  and  we  therefore  kindh 
ask  our  friends  to  waste  no  votes  uiioi 
the  writer,  in  this  connection.  Messrs' 
F.  W.  Muth  and  H.  H.  Hyde  ar 
doubtless  free  and  eminently  qualifie* 
to  serve  the  interests  of  the  associa 
tion,  and  we  do  not  hesitate  to  plac 
upon  record  the  wish  that  both  may  b 
honored  with  a  place  on  the  board  0 
the  National.  We  have  reason  to  be 
lieve  that  both  these  gentlemen  ar 
not  only  capable  and  willing  to  as 
sume  the  duties  of  dh-ector,  but  the 
their  motives,  like  the  product  whic 
they  handle  by  the  hundreds  of  ton 
are  "pure  and  wholesome."  Doubtlej 
the  list  of  regularly  nominated  cand 
dates,  as  well  as  that  of  the  man 
others  whose  names  have  been  su 
gested,  are  not  less  so.  It  is  cob 
prised  very  largely  of  bright  stars  i 
the  apiarian  firmament. 


LOOK  UPON  THIS   PICTURE. 

AND  THEN  ON  THIl 


Charity  is  a  virtue  which  has  m 
lieen  developed  to  its  fullest  ar 
broadest  extent  in  all  men.  Like 
small,  or  declining  colony  of  bees, 
is  sometimes  well  to  stimulate  mode 
ately,  in  the  development  of  this,  tl 
"greater  of  the  trinity  of  greatest  vi 
tnes — charity.''  With  no  other  wis 
than  that  of  stimulating  charity,  tl 
editor  deems  it  prudent  to  quote  fra 
two  letters  recently  received  from  p 
irons  of  The  Bee-Keeper.  The  fir? 
is  from  a  western  bee-keeper  who  hi 
invested  tweuty^five  cents  in  advert! 
ing  a  ten-cent  article  in  our  columB 
The  second,  from  a  permanent  adve 
tiser  who  lives  in  a  foreign  countr 
The  extracts  follow: 

"The  appearance  of 's  reply 


8s 
iisi 


W 


I 


904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


237 


'be  Bee-Keeper  has  man-ed  the  paper       Illustrierte  Monatsblaetter  f.  Bienen 
n  my  sight  ever  since.    My  acl  brought    zucht,  m.,  Klosterneuburg,  Austria. 


n  just  two  ten-cent  orders.  This  to 
ether  with  the  loolvs  of  the  rest  of 
he  A.  B.  K.  ads  madi-  me  to  change 
Dy  opinion  of  the  importance  of  the 
aurnal." 
This  is  No.  2.  received  in  same  mail: 
"I  have  been  receiving  orders  by 
learly  every  mail  —  last  steamer 
irought  $11.00  from  several  different 
tates.  There  is  no  doubt  as  to  the 
Lmerican  Bee-Keeper  being  the  best 
ee  journal  noAV  published  in  the  Eng- 
sh  language." 

If  everything  appearing  in  The  Bee- 
keeper is  not  entirely  to  the  taste  of 
he  reader,  he  should  exercise  a  de- 
ree  of  charity,  remembering  that  not 
'Ss  than  five  thousand  persons  read 
very  issue  of  the  paper,  and  though 
-e  should  like  very  much  to  be  able  to 
lease  them  all,  it  is  impracticable  to 
o  so.  We  have,  however,  the  personal 
ssurance  of  thousands  that  they  are 
ery  much  pleased  with  our  efforts  to 
ssist  and  interest  them.  Those  who 
nd  The  Bee-Keeper  disagreeable  are 
uite  at  liberty  to  transfer  their  pat- 
)nage  to  other  publications,  more  sat- 
factory. 

The  Bee-Keeper  continues  to  in- 
ease  and  grow  stronger  each  day; 
Qd  much  gratitude  is  due  our  many 


eadfast  friends  for  this  success.     We    borg.   Denmark. 


Deutsche  Imker  aus  Bochnien,  Aus- 
Prag,  Bohemia,  Austria. 

Vcela  Moravska,  m.,  Prag  Bohemia, 
Austria. 

Munchner  Bienenzeitung,  s.  m.,  Mun- 
chen,  Austria. 

Oesterr,  Uugar,  Bienen-Zeitung,  Vi- 
enna, Austria. 

Bienen- Vater  m.,  Vienna,  Austi-ia. 

Auti-alian  Bee  Bulletin,  m..  West 
Maitland,  N.  S.  W.,  Australia. 

Australasian  Bee-Keeper,  m.,  West 
Maitland  N.  S.,  Australia. 

L'Abeille  Luxembourgeoise,  m.,  a 
Arlon,   Belgium. 

L'Apiculteur  Beige,  m.,  Biez,  Bel- 
gium. 

L'Abeille  et  sa  Culture,  m.,  Huv, 
Belgium. 

Die  Bie,  m.,  Herenthals,  Belgium. 

Le  Progres  Apicole,  m.,  Mont-sur- 
Marchienne,  Belgium. 

Le  Rucher  Beige,  m.,  a  Prayou- 
Ti-ooz.   Belgium. 

L'Abeille  et  sa  Culture,  m.,  Huy,  Bel. 

De  Bienenvriend,  m.,  St.  Ghlslain, 
Belgium. 

De  Mandelbie,  m.,  Rosselare,  Bel- 
gium. 

Canadian  Bee  Journal,  m..  Brant- 
ford,  Canada. 

Tldskrift  •  for    Biavl,     m.,     Kalund- 


eartily  assure  them  they  have  it. 
EE  JOURNALS  OF  THE  WORLD. 

Some  time  ago  the  Western  Bee 
)urnal  published  the  statement  that 
lere  were  about  eighty-five  bee  jour- 
ils  published  in  the  world.  The 
atement  has  apparently  been  of 
eat  interest,  and  further  information 
i  to  what  these  many  journals  are 
Id  where  they  live,  is  sought.  We 
ilieve  it  will   be  of  general  interest 

our  readers  to  see  the  list,  and  we 

Lerefore  give  it  below,  from  the  Trade 

ess  List,  of  Boston,  with  but  slight 

•vision.     So  far  as  we  know,   those 

ich  follow  are  all  exclusive  bee 
[urnals,  though  we  have  not  the  hon- 

to  claim  a  personal  ecquaintance 
ith  each  one.  The  abbreviations 
ter  the  names  indicate  the  periods  of 
iblication — w.,   weekly;    s.   m.,   semi- 


nthly;  m..  monthly,  etc:  ^...^._.    „    

Bltn.  Societe  d' Apiculture  de  Tunisle,    Seine  (Aube),  France 


Les  Abeilles  et  les  Fruits,  m.,  Mazi- 
eres,  Chevillon  Ht.  Marne,  France. 

L'Abeille  de  I'Aisne,  m.,  Laon 
(Aisne)   France. 

L'Union  Apicole,  m.,  Chateauroux 
(Indre)    France. 

Bulletin  de  la  Societe  d'Apiculture  de 
la  Meuse,  m.,  Bar-le-duc,  France. 

'Abeille  Alpine,  s.  m.,  Ecole  (Sa- 
France. 

Bulletin  du  Rucher  des  Allobroges, 
m.,  St.  Jean  de  Maurlenne  (Savoie), 
Fi'ance. 

L'Abeille,  Bourguignonne,  m.,  Joigny 
(Yonne),  France. 

L'Abeille  Alpine,  s.  m.,  Ecole  ((Sa- 
voie)  France. 

Le  Miel,  m.,  La  Roche-Yon  (Vendee) 
France. 

La  Gazette  Apicole  de  France,  m., 
Montfavet  (Vaucluse),  France. 

L'Abeille  de  I'Est,  bi-m.,  Nancy, 
France. 

La  Ruche.   6  times  a  year,  Nogent 


Tunis,  Algiers 
I'Abeille,   s.   m.,   (An   Ruisseau)   par 
Duba,  Algiers. 


L'Apiculteur,  m.,  Paris,  France. 
L'Abeille  des  Pyrenees,  m.,  Pau  (Bse 
P.),  France. 


238  THE    AMERICAN 

Bltn,  de  la  Societe  de  Apiculture  de 
la  Somme,  e-o-m.,  Peronue  (Somme), 
France.  ,^     ... 

L'Abeille  de  Merillac,  m.,  a  Merillac 
((C.  d.  N.),  France. 

L'Abeille  du  Rouergue,  m.,  St.  Gen- 
iez  (Aveyron),  France. 

Kevue  Eclectique  d' Apiculture,  m., 
Saiute-Soline  (Deux  Sevres),  France. 

L'Abeille,  m.,  Ti-oyes,  France. 

Praktisclier  Wegweiser,  m.,  Oranien- 
burs-Berliu,  Germany. 

Imkerscliule,   m.,   Flacht,    Germany. 

Praxis  der  Bienenzucht,  m.,  Cliar- 
lottenburg,  Germany. 

Bienenwirtschaftliches    Centi-alblatt 

Hannover,  Germany.  . 

Leipziger  Bienen-Zeitung,  m.,  Leip- 
zig, Germany. 

Bienen-Zeitung,  m.,  Luxemburg,  Gei- 

many.  ,      .     ,.  /n 

Bltn    de  la   Societe  d'Apiculture  d 

Ais-Lne.,  Mundolsheim,  Germany. 
Rheinische    Bienenzeitung,    m.,    M. 

Gladbach,  Germany. 
Pfalzer  Bienenzeitung,  m.,  Reliborn, 

Germany.  .      .        ^  ^ 

Bienenzucht,     m.,     Tburingia,     Gei- 

™Bienenflege,  Hoheim,  Wurttemberg, 
Germany. 

Maandschrift  voor  Byenteelt,  m., 
Bevernogk.  Holland. 

L'Apicoltore,  m.,  Milan„  Italy. 

Corrii^pondenza  Apistica,  m.,  Orson- 
na  fAbruzzi),  Italy. 

II    Risveglio   Agricolo,    m.,   Teramo, 

Italy.  „.       ^    ,,     ,, 

Maandscbift,    Voor    Bisenteelt,     \  e- 

verwijk,  Nederland.  . 

El  Apicultor,   m.,  Barcelona,   fepam. 

El  Colmenero  Espanol,  m.,  Barce- 
lona, Spain. 

Scheweizerische  Bienen-Zig,  m.,  All 
staten  (St.  Gallen),  Switzerland. 

Tidskrift  for  Biskjotsel,  m.,  Chris- 
tian ia.  Norway. 

Bitidningen,  m.,  Helingsborg,  Swe- 
den. ^  .^       , 

Westnik  Inostrannoy  Literature 
Pchalovodstva,  St.  Petersburg,  Russia. 

Pfhelovodstvo,  Viatca,  Russia. 

Pchelovodniy  Musey,  Stavropol. 
Kawcasskiy,  Russia. 

.Turnal  Cungurscago  Obshestvo 
Pchelovodstva.  Cungur  Perm,  Russia. 

Pchela,   Ecatereneslavi,   Wremennii, 

Russia. 
Obozrenie  Pchelovodstva,  Costroma, 

Russia.  ,      ^        XI  1,  1 

Westnik  Russcago  Obshestva  Pchel- 
ovodstva. Costroma,  Russia. 
Mezelane,  Revel,  Russia. 
Russkiv  Pchelovodniy  Listok,  Petro- 


BEE-KEEPER. 


Novembei 


voko-Razumovskoe,  Moscow,  Russia. 

L'Amicul  Progressului  Romaian,  m 
Strada,  Conei,  65,  Busuresci,  Rouman 
la. 

Bee-Keepers'  Record,  m.,  London 
England. 

British  Bee.  Journal,  w.,  London 
England. 

Irish  Bee  Journal,  m..  Lough  Rynj 
Dromod,  Ireland. 

Western  Bee  Journal,  m.,  Hanford 
Cal. 

American  Bee-Keeper,  m.,  office 
Falconer,  N.  Y.,  and  Fort  Pierce,  Fla 

American  Bee  Journal,  w.,  Chicag( 
Ills. 

Bee  Keepers'  Review,  m.,  Flin 
Mich. 

Progressive  Bee-Keeper,  m.,  Higgin 
ville.  Mo. 

Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture,  s.  m.,  Mt 
dina,  Ohio. 

Rural  Bee-Keeper,  m.,  River  Fall 
Wis. 


fl 


Dr.  Miller,  in  Gleanings,  queries  i 
to  whether  there  may  not  be  a  difEe 
ence  as  to  the  crossness  of  bees  in  di 
ferent  years.  Probably  every  expei 
enced  bee-keeper  has  observed  th: 
different  days  produce  different  infl 
ences  upon  the  mood  of  the  bee,  nc 
withstanding  the  existence  of  siinil; 
conditions  in  so  far  as  relates  to  n£ 
ural  food  supply,  etc.  If  such  contra 
influences  are  exerted  without  apps 
ent  cause  during  two  successive  daj 
it  is  not  improbable  that  certain  yea 
may  be.  more  largely  than  othei 
made  up  of  days  in  which  this  evil  i 
fiuence  predominates.  Environmen 
influence  humanity  very  perceptibl 
Why  not  the  bee? 


J.  A.  Green,  in  Gleanings,  observ 
that,  while  "back  in  Illinois,"  he  S' 
dom  found  it  of  any  benefit  to  put  t 
honey  knife  in  either  hot  or  cold  "W 
ter.  When  extracting  alfalfa  hou 
In  Colorado,  a  hot  Avater  bath  is  c" 
sirable.  This  is  an  instance  in  whi 
experience  has  qualified  a  writer 
advise  wisely  outside  of  his  own 
cality.  Too  many  who  pose  as  1 
structors  General  for  the  univer 
have  naught  upon  which  to  base  th« 
very  firmly-rooted  beliefs  and  advi 
but  an  experience  of  greater  or  le 
duration  in  some  one  county  of  t 
manv  widely  different  States.  A  b 
water  bath  for  the  uncapping  knl 
greatly  facilitates  smooth,  easy  woi 
under  certain  conditions,  in  ma' 
parts  of  our  big  country.    Two  knl\ 


\i 


-one  heating  while  the  other  is  in 
ise —  is  a  most  satisfactory  arrauge- 
aent  under  such  circumstances. 


904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


\n 


E'RE  NOT  THE  "ONLY  PEBBLE." 
The  one  great  problem  with  publish- 
rs  of  periodical  journals,  etc.,  is  that 
"  how  to  most  expeditiously  build  up  a 
irculation  of  paying  proportions.  No 
uch  publication  can  long  subsist  un- 
ss  it  succeeds  in  gaining  friends  and 
latrons  enough  to  give  it  advertising 
lerit.  All  kinds  of  methods  are 
rought  into  requisition  with   a  view 

establishing  and  maintaining  a  prof- 
:able  circulation — some  offer  premi- 
ims;  some  institute  special  low-rate 
rial  subscriptions;  some  endeavor  to 
ive  such  excellent  value  that  every- 
ne  who  becomes  acquainted  with  the 
aper  will  avail  himself  of  the  bene- 
ts  it  has  to  offer;  others  club  with 
amily  magazines  at  ridiculously  low 
ates,  etc.,  etc.  The  latest  method, 
owever,  recently  adopted  by  one  of 
ie  young  bee  journals  is  that  of  en- 
eavoring  to  impress  upon  its  readers 
lat  its  contemporaries  are  secretly  ar- 
ayed  against  the  interests  of  the 
oney  producer,  and  accordingly  insin- 
ating  that  the  older  journals  should 
e  dropped  and  the  more  worthy  youth 
iibstituted.     That  is,  the  new  journal 

substance,  asks  to  be  sustained  at 
16  expense  of  the  lists  established  by 
le  older  periodicals.  In  other  words, 
le  pitiful  appeal  of  the  new  publisher 

Stop  taking  the  other  journals  and 
ike  mine. 

We  shall  not  question  the  benignity 
f  the  new  publisher,  nor  his  sincerity 

wishing  to  assist  bee-keepers;  but 
■cm  our  view  point  it  appears  that  if 
ver  a  publisher  assumed  a  mistaken 
olicy,  this  one  has  done  it.  Not  to  ex- 
?ed  one  in  ten  of  those  who  keep  bees 
I  the  United  States  now  take  a  bee 
mrnal.  The  field  does  therefore  not 
spear  to  be  so  much  overcrowded  that 
new  comer  must  necessarily  feed  up- 

the  honest  accumulations  of  its  co- 
orkers  in  order  to  exist.  The  Amer- 
an  Bee-Keeper  regards  such  tactics 
!_  savoring  very  strongly  of  jealousy, 
ingled  with  unmistakeable  odors  of 
■eed  and  selfishness. 
We  have  not  a  single  name  upon  our 
5t  which  is  not  esteemed,  and  we 
lould  like  very  much  to  be  able  to 
ive  each  and  every  one  remain  with 

while  we  continue  to  add  many 
hers,  so  that  a  better  and  larger  jour- 
il  may  the  sooner  become  possible; 


i 


239 

but  we  delight  in  the  thought  that  we 
have  several  most  worthy,  bright, 
clean  and  valuable  competitors  in  the 
field  with  (not  against)  us,  and  all 
merit  patronage  and  success. 

We  want  thotisands  more  to  take  the 
American  Bee-Keeper,  and  hope  they 
may  do  so;  but  we  are  disinclined  to 
insult  our  intelligent  readers  by  tell- 
ing them  that  this  is  the  only  Avorthy 
bee  journal  published.  There  are 
others  and  we  are  glad  of  it.  We  wish 
them  all  success. 


STILL  ADVANCING. 

At  no  time  during  the  history  of  its 
present  management  has  The  Bee- 
Keeper  received  so  many  complimen- 
tary letters  from  its  readers;  nor  have 
we  ever  had  a  greater  quantity  of  ex- 
cellent material  on  hand  for  public- 
ation. Still  we  need  more  good  material 
and  ask  our  friends  to  kindly  help  us  in 
the  effort  to  fill  every  issue  with  inter- 
esting and  spicy  matter  during  the  com- 
ing winter.  If  each  present  subscriber 
would  send  us  one  new  patron  soon, 
we  could  add  sixteen  to  twenty-four 
pages  with  the  beginning  of  the  new 
year. 

That  it  it  not  difficult  to  secure  new 
subscribers,  when  a  little  effort  is  put 
forth  in  that  direction,  is  evidenced  by 
the  fact  that  during  the  past  season 
many  of  our  readers  have  sent  in  from 
ten  to  thirty  new  subscribers  each.  We 
will  greatly  appreciate  the  reader's 
kind  assistance  in  this  matter;  and  we 
will  be  mutually  benefited  thereby. 


"\Miy  a  freezing  temperature  is  so 
much  more  disastrous  to  bees  confined 
in  a  cellar  than  it  is  to  those  wintering 
upon  the  summer  stand,  in  the  open 
air.  is  a  question  now  agitating  the 
minds  of  the  sages  of  beedom.  Sev- 
eral of  the  "  great  guns,"  as  well  as 
some  of  the  lesser  lights,  have  been 
guessing  as  to  the  "why;"  and  some 
of  the  guesses  are  quite  interesting,  if 
not  altogether  tenable.  Why  can  not 
American  Bee-Keeper  readers  indulge 
somewhat  in  this  guessing  contest.  No 
coupon  is  necessary — guesses  are  free. 

With  the  next  issue  we  shall  have 
completed  fourteen  years  of  publica- 
tion without  the  slip  of  a  belt  or  cog. 
The  next  fourteen  years  will  be  easy. 
The  American  Bee-Keeper  has  gained 
strength  constantly,  and  is  permanent- 
ly established,  far  beyond  the  experi- 
mental stage. 


t^" Under  this  heading  -will  be  inserted,  for  rehable  dealers,  two  lines  one 
year  for  $1.25.  Additional  words,  12c  a  word.  No  announcement  can 
be  accepted  for  less  than  one  year  at  these  rates._^ 


OHIO. 


C.  H.  W.  WEBER,  Freeman  and  Central 
Aves.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  If  for  sale,  mail 
sample,  and  state  price  expected  delivered 
in  Cincinnati.  If  in  want,  write  lor  prices, 
and    state    quality   and    quantity    wanted. 

(5-5) 


We  are  always  in  the  market  for  extracted 
honey,  as  we  sell  unlimited  quantities.  Send 
us  a  sample  and  your  best  price  deliv  red 
here.  THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.  51 
Walnut    St.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio.  (5  6) 


COLORADO. 


THE  COLORADO  HONEY  PRODUCERS' 
ASS'N,  1440  Market  St.,  Denver.  Colo.         E 


ILLINOIS. 


R.   A.    BURNETT   &   CO.,   199  South    Watei 
Street,    Chicago.  (5-5) 


HONEY  AND  BEESWAX 
MARKET. 


Cincinnati,  Sept.  15.^ — There  is  an  improve- 
ment in  the  honey  market,  so  far  as  extracted 
honey  is  concerned.  The  demand  has  increased 
considerably,  but  the  supply  is  limited,  owing 
to  the  fact  that  bee-keepers  in  general  are 
mistakably  holding  their  crop  for  better  prices. 
We  quote  amber  extracted,  in  barrels,  at  5J^ 
to  6  cents. 

The  comb  honey  situation  is  badly  demor- 
alized, being  aught  but  encouraging.  Quote 
fancy  white  clover  comb  honey  at  14  to  15 
cents.     Beeswax,   26  and   28  cents. 

The   Freu  W.    Muth   Co. 

No.  51  Walnut  St. 


Chicago,  Sept.  9.— The  market  is  now 
showing-  more  activity.  Some  small  lots 
of  fancy  white  clover  have  been  sold  at 
14c  per  pound,  with  No.  1  ranging  at  12c 
to  13c.  "Very  little  call  for  other  grades. 
Extracted  white  brings  6c  to  7c;  amber 
5c  to  6c,  according  to  quality,  flavor  and 
style  of  package.  Beeswax,  280  to  29c. 
R.   A.   Burnett  &  Co. 

199    South    Water    St. 


Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Oct.  10.— The  supply 
of  honey  is  fairly  good,  with  demand 
somewhat  limited.  The  continued  warm 
weather  curtails  the  demand  for  honey, 
ithough  we  look  for  increased  demand 
with  the  advent  of  cold  weather  We 
quote  our  market  today:  No.  1  white, 
$2.75  per  case.  Extracted,  6  to  6Vic.  Bees- 
wax, 30c.  C.  C.  demons  &  Co. 

Boston.  Oct.  11,  1904.— We  quote  our 
market  for  white  coimb  honey  from  16  to 
ISc.  For  No.  1,  14  to  16c.  There  is  a  good 
demand,  and  receipts  are  not  excessive. 
Extracted  honey  wanted,  with  practical- 
ly no  stock   on   hand. 


darker  shades,   $2.25  to  $2.50;   white  extracted 
7  cents.     Beeswax,   good   demand  at   30  cents 
C.   C.   demons  &  Co. 


Cent=a=Word  Column 


SHAKERS'  TOBACCO  CURE  positivel 
cures  tobacco  habit  for  $1.00,  or  money  re 
turned.  Harmless,  yet  eflfective.  Enable 
you  to  stop  at  once  or  regulate  amour 
used.  Enough  sent  for  $1.00  to  complet 
cure.        Satisfaction      guaranteed.  Shakf 

Chemical  Co.,  Station  "F,"  Cincinnati,  Ohi< 

3-5 


it 
111 

'INCREASE"    is    the   title   of   a   little   boo!    ^ 
let    by    Swarthmore;    tells   how   to    make  v 
winter  losses  without   much  labor  and  wit 
out   breaking  up   full  colonies;    entirely  nc  I 
plan.        25    cents.        Prospectus    free.        A     ^ 
dress    E.    L.    Pratt,    Swarthmore,    Pa.       7 


FOR  SALE — A   Hawkeye,   Jr.,   Camera  com 

plete.  Uses  both  film  and  plates.  Cost  $8.0 
will  sell  with  leather  case  for  $.1.50  casl 
Address  Empire  Washer  Co.,  Falconer,  ^ 
Y. 


A  TANDEM  BICYCLE  (for  man  and  lad> 
cost  |150,  in  first-class  condition,  was  built  1 
order  for  the  owner.  Tires  new.  Will  se 
for  ?25  cash.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Ai 
dress  J.  Clayborne  Merrill,  130  Lakeviev 
ave.,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


AGENTS  WANTED  to  sell  advertising  noi 
ties,  good  commission  allowed.  Send  fi 
catalogue  and  terms.  American  Manufa 
turing  Concern,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


ONE-HALF  INCH  SPACE  ONE  YEAR  ON  THIS  PAGE,  $3.00. 


HE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO.,  MEDlivA,   OHIO. 
Breeders  of   Italian  bees  and  queens. 


3UEENS  from  Jamaica  any  day  in  the 
year  Untested,  66c.;  tested,  $1.00;  se- 
5Ct  tested,  $1.50.  Our  queens  arc  reared  from 
le  very  finest  strains.  Geo.  W.  Phillips,  Sav- 
A-Mar  P  O.,  Jamaica,  W.  I.  (5-5) 


AWRENCE    C.    MILLER,  BOX    1113.    PROVI- 
'    DENCE,  R.  I.,   is  tilling  orders  for  the  popu- 

ir,  hardy,   honey-getting    Providence  strain  of 

;ueens.    Write  for  free  information. 


H.  W.  WEBER,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO 
(Cor.  Central  and  Freeman  Aves.) 
olden  yellow.  Red  Clover  and  Carniolan 
iieens,  bred  from  select  mothers  in  separate 
iaries. 


OHN  M.  DAVIS,  SPRING  HILL.  TENN. 
sends  out  the  choicest  3-banded  and  gold 
Italian    queens    that    skill   and    experienct 

in    produce.      Satisfaction     guaranteed.       No 

«ease. 


\  UIRIN,  the  Queen  Breeder,  has  an  ex- 
(  ceptionally  hardy  strain  of  Italian  bees; 
ley  wintered  on  their  summer  stands  within 
few  miles  of  bleak  Lake  Erie.  Send  for 
ee  Circular.     Bellevue,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


VJ.  DAVIS.  IsU  YOUNGSVILLE,  PA.,  breed- 
•      er  of  Choice  Italian   Bees  and  Queens. 
uality,  not  quantity,  is  my  motto. 


C  WARTHMORE  APIARIES,  SVVARTII- 
<J  MORE,  PA.  Our  bees  and  queens  are 
the  brightest  Italians  procurable.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed.  Correspondence  in  English, 
French,  German  and  Spanish.  Shipments  to 
all  parts  of  the  world. 


A  RE  YOU  LOOKING  FOR  QUEENS?  If  so  I 
can  furnish  you  queens  of  the  following  races 
by  return  mail :  Three-  and  five-banded  Italians, 
Cyprians,  Uoly  Lands,  Oarniolans  and  Albinos . 
Untested  of  either  race,  75c  each;  select  untested, 
81. 00  each;  six  for  S4.00;  twelve  for  $8.00;  tested, 
of  either  race,  S2.00  each;  six  for  $10.00;  one  dozen 
$18.00;  Breeders,  $4. 50  each.  Safe  arrival  guar- 
anteed.   B.  H.  Stanley,  Beeville,  Texas.    Aug. 5 


QUEEN    BEES      are    now    ready    to    mail. 
Golden    Italians,    Red    Clover  three-banded 
queens    and    C^tmiolans.      We    guarantee    s;i 
arrival     The   Fred   W.    Muth   Co.,   51   Walnut 
St.,   Cincinnati,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


w. 


Z.   HUTCHINSON,   FLINT,  MjCH. 
Superior     stock     queens,     $1.50     each; 
queen  and  Bee-Keepers'   Review   one  year  for 
only  $2.00. 


M 


OORE'S  LONG-TONGUED  STRAIN 
of  Italians  become  more  and  more  popu- 
lar each  year.  Those  who  have  tested  them 
know  why.  Descriptive  circular  free  to  all. 
Write  J.   P.   Moore,   L.   Box  1,   Morgan,   Ky.     4 

PUNIC  BEES.  All  other  races  are  dis- 
carded after  trial  of  these  wonderful  bees. 
Particulars  post  free.  John  Hewitt  &  Co., 
Sheflfield,   England.  4 


HONEY  QUEENS  AND  BEES  for  sale.      I  ex- 
tracted 300  pounds  per  colony  in  1903.    Thos. 
Worthington,  Leota,  Mi.ss.  Aug.  5 


The   Bee=Keepers'    Review 

can  help  you 

MAKE  MONEY 


Opportunities  for  making  money  out  of 
bee-keeping  were  never  greater.  If  the  bee- 
keeper with  a  single  apiary,  from  which  he 
makes  a  living  in  a  good  year,  and  nothing  in 
a  poor  year,  would  only  arouse  himself  to  the 

Changed   Conditions 

secure  a  good  location,  if  not  already  in  pos- 
session of  one,  adopt  such  methods  as  will  en- 
able him  to  branch  out  and  manage  several 
apiaries,  he  will  find  that  in  a  good  year  he  can 

Pile  up  Honey 

ton  upon  ton — enough  to  support  himself  and 
family  for  several  years,  llie  Review  is  help- 
ing bee-keepers  to  accomplish  this  very  thing. 

The  First  Step 

in  making  money  as  a  bee-keeper  is  the  secur- 
ing of  a  good  location;  and  the  Review  even 
goes  so  far  as  to  discover  anu  make  known 
desirable,    unoccupied    locations. 

Get  Good  Stock 

Having  secured  the  location,  the  next  step  is 
that  of  stocking  it  with  bees  of  the  most  desir- 
able strain;  and,  having  had  years  of  experi- 
ence with  all  the  leading  varieties  of  bees,  the 
editor  of  the  Review  is  able  to,  and  does,  tell 
his  readers  where  to  get  the  best  stock.  Still 
further,    the   Review  teas   how   to   make 

Rapid    Increase, 

how  to  build  up  ten  or  a  dozen  colonies,  in  a 
single  season,  into  an  apiary  of  100  or  more 
colonies. 

Having  the  location  and  the  bees,  the  bee- 
keeper must  learn  how  to  manage  them  so  as 
to  be  able  to  establish  an  out-apiary  here,  and 
another  there,  and  care  for  them  with  weekly 
visits — yes,  by  monthly,  or  even  longer,  visits, 
when  extracted  honey  is  produced.  It  is  in 
teaching   bee-keepers   how  to  thus 

Control  Sivarming, 

that  the  Review  has  been,  and  is  still,  doing 
its  best  work.  If  a  man  only  knows  how,  he 
can  care  for  several  apiaries  now  as  easily  as 
he  once  cared  for  only  one. 


Having  secured  a  crop  of  honey,  the  next 
step  is  that  of  selling  it.  This  is  the  most 
neglected,   yet 

The  Most  Important  Problem 

of  succesful,  money-making  bee-keeping,  and 
one  that  the  Review  is  working  the  hardest  to 
solve.  So  many  men  work  hard  all  summer, 
produce  a  good  crop,  and  then  almost  give  it 
away.  The  Review  is  trying  to  put  a  stop  to 
this  "giving  it  away."  It  is  showing,  by  the 
actual  experience  of  enterprising  bee-keepers, 
how  the  leisure  months  may  be  employed  in 
selling  honey  at  prices  that  some  of  us  would 
call  exorbitant.  The  men  who  have  done  this 
tell  how  they  did  it. 

The  editor  of  the  Review  has  a  wide,  actual, 
personal  acquaintance  with  all  of  the 

Leading  Bee-keepers 

from  Maine  to  California,  and  is  thus  able  to 
secure,  as  correspondents,  men  who  have  scat- 
tered out-apiaries  widely,  managed  them  with 
little  or  no  help  and  made  money.  These  men 
are  able  to  write  from  actual  experience — they 
know  how  they  have  succeeded,  and  can  tell 
others. 

One  thing  is  certain,  if  you  are  a  bee-keep- 
ing specialist,  or  expect  to  become  one,  if  bee- 
keeping is  your  business,  you  can't  afford 
not  to 

Read  The  Revieiv. 
It  will   lead   you   and   encourage   you,   and  fill 
you  with  ideas,  and  tell  you  how  to  do  things 
— show  you  how  to  enlarge  your  business  and 
make  money. 

The  Review  is  published  monthly  at  $1.00  a 
year;  but,  i£  you  wish  to  become  better  ac- 
quainted with   it  before   subscribing, 

Send  Ten  Cents 

for  three  late,  but  different  issues,  and  the  ter 
cents  may  apply  on  any  suoscription  sent  it 
during  the  year.  A  coupon  will  be  sent  en- 
titling you  to  the  Review  one  year  for  onlj 
90  cents. 


W.    Z.    H  UTCH  INSON 


lO-tf 


FLINT,     MICHIGAN 


Preparation  For 
Winter, 


And  the  wintering:  problem^ 
are  the  subjects  under  dis- 
cussion in  the  Current  Num- 
bers of  THE  RURAL  BEE 
KEEPER, 

Big  Discount  on  early  orders, 
write  for  sample  copies,  and 
send  IOC  for  3  late  numbers. 


W.  H.  PUTNAM, 
River  Falls,   =  =  Wis. 


National  Bee>-Keepers'  Association, 

The  largest  bee-keepers'  society   in  the 
world . 

Organized    to  protect    and  promote   the 
interests  of  its  members. 

Membership  Fee,  $1.00  a  Year. 

N.  E.  FRANCE,  Platteville,  Wig., 

General  Manager  and  Treasure! 


^^QQQ^QQQ^Q^^^^QQQ^Q^^^^^^^^i 


Subscription  Agencies. 

Subscriptions    for     the    Aineri- 


C 

c 
c 

^   can  Bee-Keeper  may  be  entered   C 

(3   through    any    of    the    following    © 

3  •     ..    © 

i  3   agents,    when    more    convenient   © 

I   than  remitting  to  our  offices  at   q, 
-  © 

© 
© 
C 


j  I   Fort   Pierce,   Florida,  or  James- 


I    town,  N.  Y.: 


I 


J.   E.    Jonhson,     Williamsfield,    © 


© 

5  The  Fred  W.  Muth  Company,  © 
i    51  Walnut  St.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.    © 

1  John  W.   Pharr,  Berclair,  Tex.    © 

2  Miss  S.  Swan,  Port  Burwell,  © 
5  Ontario.  © 
a  G.  A.  Nunez,  Stann  Creek,  © 
|}    British  Honduras.  S 

3  Walter  T.  Mills,  Burnham,  N.  © 
3  Rochester,  Kent  Co.,  Ivan  House,  C 
3  England.  © 
J  G.  J.  S.  Small,  Marton,  Wang-  © 
^  anui,  New  Zealand.  © 
J  H.  H.  Robinson,  Independencla  C 
l  16,  Matanzas,  Cuba.  ^ 
3  Colorado  Honey  Producers*  © 
I  Association,  1440  Market  St.,  * 
3     Denver,  Colo.  © 


A  Boon 
For 


Pfliiltr:Keer''R 


How  we  make  our  hens  pay  400 
per  cent,  profit,  new  system,  our 
own  method,  fully  explained  in 
our  Illustrated  Poultry  Book,  which  eontalns 
Poultry  Keepere'  Aoc't  and  Egg  Record  showing 
gains  or  losses  eve:-  month  for  one  year.  Worth  25 
cts,  sent  to  you  for  ll  c.  if  you  will  send  names  of  5 
poultry  keepers  with  your  order.  Address, 
fc.  8.  VIBUBRT.  P.B.  66.  Clintonville.  Coii» 


CASH     FOR  YOl 


The  American  Bee-Keeper  is  in  the  market  to  buy  arti- 
cles on  bee-keeping  subjects.  Articles  with  photographs 
to  illustrate  are  especially  desired.  We  will  pay  well  for 
good  work.  We  want  reporters  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 
Give  us  an  opportunity  to  bid  on  your  pen  productions 
and  the  results  of  your  photographic  skill.     Address, 

THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER, 

Fort  Pierce,  Fla. 


WANTED 


Comb  and  Extracted 
Honey  on  commis- 
sion. Boston  pays 
good  prices  for  a  fancy 

F.    H.    FARMER, 

182  Friend  Street,    Boston,  Mass. 


Put 

Your 

Trust 


In 

Providence ' 
Queens, 


Introduce  new  blood  now  for  next  season's  l_ 
service. 

PROVIDENCE  nUEENS 
rove  Their     IjuALITIES 

To  be  of  the  Highest. 
LAWRENCE   C.   MILLER, 

P.  O.Box  1113.  Providence,  R.  I. 


20  per  cent.  Profit 

Pineapples,  Oranges,  Grape  Fruit 

Make    a    Specialty    for    Non-Resident    Owners 
and  Intending  Settlers  in  the 

Lovely   Lake  Region  of  South   Florida. 

20    er    cent,    ann'ual    return   on    investment. 

Pure  air,  pure  water,  no  mosquitoes.  High 
pine  and  oak  land,  bordered  by  fresh  water 
lakes,  suited  to  all  citrus  fruits  and  pineapples. 
Good  title.  Time  payments.  Address  for  de- 
scriptive matter,  W.  E.  Pabor,  Manager  Pa- 
bor   Lake   Pineries,    Avon    Park,    Fla.  tf 


CAVEATS,  TRADE  MARKS, 
COPYRIGHTS  AND  DESIGNS. 

I  Send  your  business  direct  to  Washington, 
saves  time,  costs  less,  better  service. 

My  office  close  to  TJ.  S.  Patent  Office.     FREE  prellmin- 

•  ary  examinations  made.    Atty's  fee  not  due  until  patent 

•  is  secured.  PERSONAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN-19  YEARS 
[actual  EXPERIENCE.  Book  "How  to  obtain  Patents," 
I  etc.,  sent  free.  Patents  procured  through  E.  G.  Siggers 
)  receive   special    notice,    without   charge,    in    the 

INVENTIVE    AGE 

[  illtistrated  monthly— Eleventh  year— terms,  $1.  a  year. 

918  FSt.,  IM.  W., 

iWASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


[.CSieeERS.; 


E  H, 


If,    EINGHAI 

has    made   all    tlie   im- 
provemtiiits  ii 

Bee  Smokers  anc 
Honey  Knives 

made  in  ilie   last  20   years,  uiidoiiljtcdb 
he  makes  the  best  on  earth. 

Smoke  Engine,   4  inch  stove,   none  too   lurg.    sen 
postpaid,  per  mail j;]  5 

A^  inch 1.1 

Knife,  80  cents.  3  inch i.O 

2  V^  inch 9 

r.  F.Bingham,  ^incb 
Farwell,  Mich. 


Little  Wonder,  2  in.     .e 


Pateit  Wired  Comb  Foundation 

has  no  sag  in  brood  frame: 

TIlin  Flat  Bottom  FonidatlOQ 

has  no  Fish-bone  in   Surplus  Hone; 

Being  the  cleanest  is  usually  worked  th 
quickest  of  any  foundation  made.  The  tal 
about  wiring  frames  seems  absurd.  We  furnis 
a  Wired  Foundation  that  is  Better,  Cheap* 
and  not  half  the  trouble  to  use  that  it  is  t 
wire   brood    frames. 

Circulars    and    sample    free. 

J.    VAN  DEUSEN    «£  SONS. 

Sole    Manufacturers 

Montgomery  Co.,  Sprout  Brook,  N.  11 


!.  J.  STRINQHAM,  105  Park  PI.,  N.  Y.  City 


Tested  Italian  Queens, 

I  lb.  Sq.  Honey  Jars, 

No,  25  Jars,  _         _         _ 

J  2  oz.  Jar.  burnishtd    tin   cap, 


$1.00  each 
$5.00  gross 
$5.75  gross 
$5.00  gross 


Discount  on  more  tlian  one  gross.     Extracted  lioney  always] 
on  hand  at  from  5  1-2  to  8  cents  pound. 

APIARIES===QLEN  COVE,  L.  I.  CATALOG  FREE' 


IFHE  ONLY  GERMAN   AGRICULTURAL  MONTH- 
Y  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  JtjZjtjtjItjtJtjlt 

FARM  UND  HAUS 

The  most  carefully  edited  German 
Vuiicultural  journal.  It  is  brimful  of 
i-.ictical  information  and  useful  bints 
or  tbe  up-to-date  farmer;  devoted  to 
;tiick  raising,  general  farming,  garden- 
im,  poultry,  bee-keeping,  etc.,  and  cou- 
;iins  a  department  of  the  household, 
vhich  many  find  valuable.  Another  de- 
)artment  giving  valuable  receipts  and 
emedies  called  "Hausarzt,"  in  fact  ev- 
iry  numbef  contains  articles  of  real 
)ractical  use. 

Price  only  35  CENTS  per  year.  Sam- 
)le  copy   free. 

Send  subscriptions  to 

-ARM    UND    HAUSj 

tf.  BLUFFTON,  OHIO. 


MAGIC  RHEUMATIC  CURE 


It  absolutely  does  cure.  It  is 
not  a  CHEAP  remedy,  but  it  is 
a  CHEAP  cure.  Mark  the  distinc- 
tion! There  are  a  thousand  rem- 
edies to  one  cure.  This  is  a 
cure.  It  costs  $2  a  bottle  and  is 
worth  $20  to  any  sufferer.  Sold 
only  by  our  authorized  agents  or 
direct  by  us.  We  wil  send  pre- 
paid for  $2.00. 


Write  for  booklet.Agents  wanted. 


MAGIC  CURE  CO. 

358  Dearborn  Street,       Chicago. 


Are  You  Looking  for  a  Home? 

No  farmer  should  think  of  buying  land 
before  seeing  a  copy  of  THE  FARM  AND 
REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAL.  It  contains 
the  largest  list  of  lands  for  sale  of  any 
paper  published  in  Iowa.  Reaches  30,000 
readers  each  issue,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
advertising  mediums  to  reach  the  farmers 
and  the  Home-Seekers  that  you  can  ad- 
vertise in.  For  75c.  we  will  mail  yooi  the 
Journal  for  1  year,  or  for  ten  cents  in 
silver  or  stamps  we  will  send  you  the 
Journal  2  months  on  trial.     Address, 

Farm  and  Real  Estate  Journal, 

TRAER,  TAMA  CO..   IOWA. 
10-tf. 


Strawberries. 

Young,  healthy,  fresh,  vigor- 
ous stock  in  prime  condition  for 
spring  planting. 

All 

Leading 

Varieties 

Write  for  prices  and  terms, 

MONROE    STRAWBERRY    CO., 

Box  66  MONROE,  MICH. 


?\LLOWED  ON  EARLY  ORDERS  EOR 


LET     ME     SELL     OR     BUY     YOUR 


HONEY 


If  you  have  some  to  offer,  mail  sample  with  lowest  price  expected,  delivered 
Cincinnati. 


IK  IN   NKBD 


state  quantity  and  kind  wanted,  and  I  will  quote  you  price 
on  the  cash  basis,  in  selling  or  >iuyln~ 


I  do  business 


Full  Stock  of  Bee-Supplies,  the  best  made.     Root's  Goods  at  their  factory  prices. 
SEEDS  OF  HONEY  PLANTS. 


2146-48  Gentral  Ave. 
CINCINNATI,    OHIO. 


La  Compania 
Manufacturera  Americana 

ofrece  los  mas  reducidos  precios  en  to- 
da  clase  de  articulos  para  Apicultores. 
Nucstra  Fabrica  cs  una  de  las  mas 
grandcs  y  mas  antiguas  de  America. 
Especialidad  en  Colmenas,  Ahumadores 
para  Colmenas,  Extractores,  etc.  In 
ventores  y  perfeccionadores  de  muchos 
irticulos  de  suma  utilidad  en  la  Apicul- 
tura.  Enviamos  gratis  nucstro  catalogo 
y  precios  a  quicnes  lo  soliciten.  Dirija- 

nse  a. 

THE  AMERICAN  MFG.  CO., 

Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  E.  U.  A. 


Chance 

Of  a  Life  Time. 


100 


Wanted  to  raise 
Belgians 


K¥ 


The  only  strictly  agricultural 
paper  published  in  this  State.  The 
only  agricultural  paper  published 
every  week.  It  goes  to  every  post 
office  in  State  of  Tennessee  and  to 
many  offices  in  Kentucky,  Alabama, 
Georgia,  Mississippi,  Arkansas, 
Texas,  Florida  and  Louisiana.  It 
is  the  official  organ  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Department  of  Tennessee  and 
Live  Stock  Commission.  Subscrip- 
tion $1  per  year  in  advance. 

Tennessee  Farmer  Pub.  00i| 
m  Nashville,  Tenn. 

BEGINNERS. 

shoii.d  hare  a  copy  of 

The  Amateur  Bee-keeper, 

a  70  page  book,  by  Prol.  J.  W.  Rouse;  writtea  er 
pecially  for  amateurs.  Second  edition  just  o«' 
First  edition  of  1,000  sold  in  less  than  two  yeari 
Editor  York  says:  "It  is  the  tnest  little  book  pub- 
lished at  the  present  time."  Price  2i  cenU;  by 
■sail  2S  cents.     The  little  book  and 

The  Progressive  Bee-keeper, 

(a  liTe,  progresHiTe,  28  page  monthly  journal,)  on« 
year  for  boc.  Apply  to  any  first-clasB  dealer,  or 
address 

LEAHY  MFG-   CO.,  HiggiEsrme,  m.. 


Send  for  particulars  and    sample   cop; 
of  the  only 

Belgian  Hare  Journa! 


Published  in  America. 

Judge  R.  J.  FINLEY, 

227  Lamb  St  ,  MACON,  M< 


To  Subscribers  of 
THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 

And  Others! 

Until  Further  Notic 

We  Will  Send  The 

Country 
Journal 

to  any  addrtts  in  the  U.  S.  A.  or 
year  for  10  t'ents,  providing  yo 
vp  mtion  Aaierican  Bee-Keeper. 

The  OoUDtry  Journal  treats  c 
f  arm.  Orchard  and  Garden,  Poii 
*  ty  and  Fashion.  It's  the  best  p: 
V»er  printed  for  the  price. 

Address 

The  Country  Journal, 

Allentown,  Pa. 
2tf 


W.   M.    Gerrish,    R.    F.    D.,    Epping,    N. 
keeps   a    complete    supply    of    our    goods,   i 
Eastern   customers  will  save  freight  by  ord 
ing  of  him. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  Co 


lGENTS  Wanted  "waThTng'Machines. 
You  can  double  your  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

d  they  sell  easily.     We  have  sold  over  150,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years.      They 
i  cheaper  than  ever.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co. ,    Jamestown,  N.Y. 


The  Iowa 

Horticultural 

Paper. 

Monthly, 
50  cents 
per  year. 

It  is  unique, 
planned  on 
original  lines. 

You  cannot 
be  up-to-date 
fruit  growing  unless  you  read  it. 

balance  of   this   year  free  to  new 
)scribers. 

THE  FRUITMAN, 

Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa. 


PATENTS 


romptly  obtained  OR  NO  FEE.  Trade-Marks, 
!aTeata,  Copyrights  and  Labels  registered. 
WENTT  TEAKS' PRACTICE.  Highest  references, 
end  model,  sketch  or  photo,  for  free  report 
a  patentability.  All  business  confidential. 
LAND-BOOK  FREE.  Explains  everything.  Tells 
tow  to  Obtain  and  Sell  Patents,  What  Inventions 
/ill  Pay,  How  to  Get  a  Partner,  explains  best 
lechanical  movements,  and  contains  300  other, 
objects  of  importance  to  inventors.       -Address, 

1.  B.  WILLSON  &  CO.  '""' 


790  F  Street  North. 


Attorneys 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


BARNES' 

Foot  Power  Machinery, 

This  cut  represents  our 
Combined  Machine,  which 
is  the  best  machine  made 
for  use  in  the  construction 
of  Hives,  Sections,  Boxes, 
etc.  Sent  on  trial.  Send  for 
Catalogue  and  Price  List. 
W.  F.  &  J.  BARNES  CO., 
913  Ruby  St.,  Rockford  111 . 


50    YEARS' 
lENCE 


Trade  Marks 

DESIGNS 

Copyrights  Ac. 

Anyone  sending  a  sketch  and  description  may 
quickly  ascertain  our  opinion  free  whether  an 
invention  is  probably  patentable.  Communica- 
tions strictly  confidential.  Handbook  on  Patents 
sent  tree.  Oldest  agency  for  securing  patents. 

Patents  taken  through  Munn  &  Co.  receive 
special  notice,  without  charge,  in  the 

Scientific  Htnerican. 

A  handsomely  illustrated  weekly.  Largest  cir- 
culation of  any  scientific  journal.  Terms,  $3  a 
year  ;  four  months,  |1.    Sold  by  all  newsdealers. 

iyilINN4Co.3«'«-^''-yNewYork 

Branch  Office.  625  F  St..  Washington,  D.  C. 

m  SOOTHERN  FARIEB. 

ATHENS,  GA. 


Subscription, 


50  Cents  a  Tear. 


Published  the  First  of  Every  Month 
and    Circulates    in    Every 

Southern    State. 


ADVERTISING   RATES   ON   APPLI- 
CATION. 


HOMESEEKERS 

AND  INVESTORS,  who  are  interest 
ed  in  the  Southern  section  of  the 
Union,  should  subscribe  for  THE 
DIXIE  HOMESEEKER,  a  handsome 
illustrated  magazine,  describing  the 
industrial  development  of  the  South, 
and  its  many  advantages  to  homeseek- 
ers  and  investors.  Sent  one  year  on 
trial  for  15c.     Address, 

THR  DIXIE   HOMESEEKER, 
West  Appomattox,  Va       tf 


Honey 


PRODUCTIO^ 

AND 

SELLING. 


These  ai"e  the  two  main  problems  of  the  bee-keeper,  and  each  is  as  im- 
portant as  the_  other.  Many  can  produce  fine  honey ,but  fail  to  get  the  best 
prices.  Your  crop  in  attractive  packages  is  half  sold.  The  first  honey  It 
the  market  sells  the  best;   so  don't  put  off  ordering  supplies. 

No-drip    Shipping   Cases. 

Do  not   put  your  section   honey 
poorly   made   section   cases.       It  w 
bring  less  if  you  do.     "We   make  o 
cases   of   white   bass-wood,    and   th 
are  constructed  so  they  will  not  lee 
Neither  do  the  sections  get  stuck 
with    honey.     Made   for  all   kinds 
sections,  and  in  all  sizes.     Also  gU 
for  fronts.     For  retailing  honey  th( 
is    nothing    neater    than    the    Dar 
Carton.    Ask  for  our  catalogue  givl 
Hers^^iser   Jars.  complete  prices  and  descriptions. 

The  finest  of  all  glass  pack- 
ages for  extracted  honey.  Made 
of  clear  glass  with  aluminum 
caps,  which  seal  tlaem  tight.  We 
sell  other  styles  of  glass  pack- 
ages. Don't  fail  to  study  the 
candied  honey  question.  There 
is  a  great  future  for  this.  We 
sell  the  famous  Aiken  Honey 
Bag  for  retailing  candied  honey. 
,  See  our  general  catalogue  for 
further   description    and    jirices. 


Five-Gallon   Tin   Cans. 

The  favorite   package   for  shipp 
extracted    honey.       No     leaking, 
tainted  honey.  The  cans  being  sqiii 
economize  space,  and  are  easily  bos 
Also    smaller    sizes.      Cans    furnisl 
with   different  widths   of   screw  c| 
or  honey  gates.      Don't  fail  to  get 
prices   before  ordering.       Remeopil 
that   freight   charges  should   be-i 
sidered  with  the  prices.     We  cai 
from  our  bi'anch  houses. 


Comi)lete   Description   and   Prices   in  General  Catalogue. 

THE  A.  L  ROOT  CO. 

Factory  and  Executive  Office  =  =  MEDINA, 

BRANCHES— Chicago,  111.,  144  Bast  Erie  St.;  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  10  Vine 
New  York  City,  N.  Y.,  44  Vesey  St.;  Syracuse,  N.  Y.;  Mechanic  Falls,M« 
St  Paul,  IMinn.,  1024  Miss.  St.;   San  Antonio,   Texas;    Washington,   D 
1100  Md.  Av.;  Havana,  Cuba,   17  San  Ignacio;     Kingston,   Jamaica, 
Harbour  St. 


I 


at  the  Postoffice,  Fort  Pierce,   Fla;,  as  seconrl-class  mail  matter 


Homes  in 

Old  Virginia. 

It  is  gradually  brought  to  light 
that  the  Civil  war  has  made  great 
changes,  freed  the  slaves,  3,nd  in 
consequence  has  made  the  large 
land  owners  poor  and  finally  freed 
the  land  from  the  original  owners 
who  would  not  sell  until  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  There  are  some 
of  the  finest  lands  in  the  market  at 
very  low  prices,  lands  that  produce 
all  kinds  of  crops,  grasses,  fruits, 
and  berries;  fine  for  stock.  You 
find  green  truck  patches,  such  as 
cabbage,  turnips,  lettuce,  kale, 
spinach,  etc.,  growing  all  the  win- 
ter. The  climate  is  the  best  all  the 
year  around  to  be  found,  not  too 
cold  nor  too  warm.  Good  water. 
Healthy.  Railroads  running  in 
every  direction.  If  you  desire  to 
know  all  about  Virginia  send  10c. 
for  three    months    subscription    of 

the   VIRGINIA   FARMER  to 

Farmer  Co.,  Emporia,  Va. 

There  is  no  trade  or  profession  better  catered  to 
D7  good  journals  than  that  of  the  farmer.  Unin- 
telliicent  nnprogressireness  has  now  no  ezonBe. 


ABATH..!.«^ 

wlier        UMPIRE 

tiiken  in  an  "     Portable 
Folding  BATH  TUB. 

Used  in  any  room. 
Agents  Wanted. 
Catalogue  Free. 

,  thb  empire 

"washer  CO., 
Jamestown,n.y. 


&< 


CURE  CONSTIPATION.  LIVER.  BOWEL  i 

STOMACH  TROUBLES. 
10c.  and  25c.  per  Box  AsX  Yoar  D 

ACCEPT   NO   SrBSTITUTES 

35 


THE   DIXIE   HOME  MAGAZ 

10c  a  year.  Largest.Brightest  and  Finest  lllus 
Magazine  in  the  World  for  10c  a  year,  to 
duce  it  only. 

It  is  bright  and  up-to-date, 
all  about  Southern  Home  Life, 
full  of  fine  engravings  of  grand  { 
ery,  buildings  and  famous  pe 
Send  at  once.  10c.  a  year  post 
anywhere  in  the  U.  S.,  Canada- 
Mexico.  3  years  SOc.  Or,  clubs- 
names  50c.,  12  for  $1.  Send  us  a  j 
Money  back  if  not  delighted.  S1| 
taken.    Cut  this  out.    Send  today^g 

THE  DIXIE   HOME, 
Birmingham,  Ala. 

When  writing,  menlion  the  Am.  BeeKce] 


POULTRY    success    ' 

THE    20th    CENTURY    POULTR' 

MAGAZINE. 

15th  year.  32  to  64  pages.  Beautifu 
lustrated,  up-to-date  and  helpful.  Best  V 
writers.  Shows  readers  how  to  snccceil 
poultry.  50  CENTS  PER  YE.\R.  S 
introductory  offers:  10  months,  25  cent 
eluding  large  practical  poultry  book  free 
monthsl  trial,  10  cents.  Stamps  ac«n 
Sample  copy  free.  Poultry  Success  Co., 
16,    Springfield,    Ohio,   or    DesMoines,    !< 


When  writing  to  advertisers  niei 
The  American    Bee-Keeper. 


SHINE! 

The  Empire  Washer  Company,  Jamestown, 
N.  v.,  makes  a  Shine  Cabiret,  furnished  with 
foot  stand,  blacking,  russet  dressing,  shoe 
rubber — in  fact,  all  articles  and  materials  need- 
ed to  keep  shoes  looking  their  best — rnd  it  is 
made  to  be  fastened  to  the  wall  of  the  toilet 
room  or  kitchen.  It  does  away  with  the  vexa- 
tious searching  after  these  articles  which  is 
altogether  too  common.  A  postal  will  bring 
you  details  of  this  and  other  good  things. 


American 


BEE 


Jouri 


16 -p.  We 

Sample 

IS-  All  about  Bees  and 

profitable  care.    Bett  wr 

Oldest  bee  paper;  iUnsti 

Departments  fcr  bei^ii 

and  for  women  bee-keep< 

Address, 

aEORQB  W.  YORK  &  ( 

144  &.  146  Erie  St.  ChicaOC 


One  yetir  fi 
quickly  il 
duce    it 


Big  Magazine 

prefer  it  to  Harper's.  Muiisey's,  Ladies' 
Journal  or  McCIure's.  Send"  10  cents  to 
pay  postage.  AMKRICAN  STORIES,  Dep 
D.,  Qrand  Rapids,  Mich 


^^:m 


Bee    H  i ves 
Sections 

EVERYTHING 


THAT  IS  USED  BY  BEE-KEEPERS  CAN  BE 
PROCURED  OF  US  AS  CHEAPLY  AS  ANY- 
WHERE, AND  WE  KNOW. 

Our  Goods  are  Superior 

BOTH  IN  MATERIALS    AND    WORKMAN- 
SHIP TO  THOSE  OF  ANY  COMPETITOR. 

One   Trial   Will   Convince   You 

THAT'S  ALL  WE  ASK.  WE  KNOW  YOU 
WILL  NEVER  BUY  OF  ANYBODY  ELSE. 


Our  new  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list  is  now 
ready.  Send  for  one  on  a  postal  card. 


The  W.  T. 
FALCONER  JVIANFG.  CO., 

JAMESTONA/'^',  N.  Y. 


- 


I 

J 


THE  BEST  PRINTED  PAPER 


ot  .5*    IN  FLORIDA  J-  Jt 


Located  in  the  Heart  of  the  Cel- 
»rated  Pineapple  Belt  and  sur- 
rounded by  many  of  the  finest 
orange  groves  on  the  Indian  Riv- 
er. Fort  Pierce  is  the  largest  and 
most  important  town  in  Brevard 
county  and 


The  FORT  PIERCE  NEWS 


Is  the  best  paper  in  the  county 
and  the  best  weekly  in  Florida. 
It  contains  reliable  information 
about  this  section  in  every  issue. 
Only  $1.00  a  year.  Write  for 
sample  copy.  ^• 

The  News,  Fort  Picrce,FIa 


The  Pacific  States  Bee  Journal 

AND   THE 

Rocky  Mountain  Bee  Journal 

Have  been  consolidated,  and 
will  hereafter  be  published  as 
one  journal  under  the  name, 

WESTERN   BEE   JOURNAL 

The  new  publication  will  be 
larger  and  better  than  either  of 
its  predecessors,  and  its  pub- 
lisher will  make  every  eflEort  to 
make  it  the  best  bee  journal 
published  anywhere.  It  is  pub- 
lished in  the  west,  where  the 
largest  apiaries  in  the  world  are 
located,  and  is  therefore  most  in 
touch  with  what  is  best  and 
most  practical  in  beedom. 

Write  foi  free  Sample  copy. 

Subscription  $1.00  per  annum. 

P.  F.  ADELSBACH, 
Editor  and  Publisher, 
HANFORD,  CALIFORNIA 


Nearly  100. 


BEWARE 

>VHERC   YOU    BUY  YOUR 

BEEWARE 

WIS! 


D n 

/  tKX  TERTO  WN, 


MAKES  THE    FINEST 


G.  B.  LEWIS  CO., 
Watertown,  Wis. 


Send  1 
Catal* 


\{ 


^  IF  YOU  I 

%  WANT  TO  GROW    i 

^  Vegetables,  Fruits  and  Farm 

^  Products  in  Florida  subscribe   , 

®  for  the  FLORIDA  AQRICUL" 

W\  TURIST.     Sample  copy  sent 

^  on  application. 

^  E.O.  Painter  Pub.  Co. 

^    JACKSONVILLE,  FLORIDA. 

MAPS^ 

A  vest  pocket  Map  of  your  St8 
New  issue.  These  maps  show 
the  Counties,  in  seven  colors, 
railroads,  postoffices  ■ —  and  mj 
towns  not  given  in  the  postal  gu 
— rivers,  lakes  and  mountains,  w 
index  and  population  of  count! 
cities  and  towns.  Census — it  gi 
all  official  returns.  We  will  S( 
you  postpaid  any  state  map  ; 
wish  for 

20    cents    (sHver) 

JOHN  W.   HANN, 
Wauneta,  N 


WANTED 


Comb  and  Extracted 
Honey  on  commis- 
sion. Boston  pays 
good  prices  for  a  fancy 
article.  J- J- J- J- J' J- J- 

-.    H.    FARMER, 

82  Friend  Street,    Boston,  Mass. 


rovidence   Queens 

BE  SURE  TO  TRY  THEM 


Orders  Booked  Now 
for  Spring  Delivery. 

LAWRENCE  C.  MILLER, 
evidence,         =         Rhode  Island 

'.  O.  Box  1113. 


!0  per  cent.  Profit 

neapples.  Oranges,  Qrape  Fruit 

a    Specialty    for    Non-Resident    Owners 
and  Intending  Settlers  in  the 

ly   Lake  Region   of  South    Florida. 

er  cent,  annual  return  on  investment, 
re  air,  pure  water,  no  mosquitoes.  High 
and  oak  land,  bordered  by  fresh  water 
,  suited  to  all  citrus  fruits  and  pineapples. 
title.  Time  payments.  Address  for  de- 
tive  matter,  W.  E.  Pabor,  Manager  Pa- 
Lake    Pineries,    Avon    Park,    Fla.  tf 


ICAVEATS,  TRADE  MARKS, 

COPYRIGHTS  AND  DESIGNS. 

I  Send  your  business  direct  to  Washington, 
saves  time,  costs  less,  better  service. 

My  office  close  to  IT.  8.  Patent  Office.  FREE  prellmln- 
*  ary  examinations  made.  Atty's  fee  not  due  ontll  patent 
'  IB  secured.  PERSONAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN-19  YEARS 
I  ACTUAL  EXPERIENCE.  Book  "How  to  obtain  Patents," 
!  etc.,  sent  free.  Patents  procured  tlirough  E.  Q.  Slggers 
[receive   special    notice,    without   chBJge,    In    the 

INVENTIVE    ACE 

[illustrated  monthly— Eleventh  year— terms,  $1.  a  year. 


If.  K. 


If,  eingha: 

has    made   all    tlKi   im- 
provemt^iitrf  in 

Bee  Smokers  and 
Honey  Knives 

made  in  ilie    last  30   years,  undoubtedly 
he  makes  the  best  on  earth. 

Smoke  Engine,    4  inch  stove,   none  too  lurg'    cent 

postpaid,  per  mail *1  50 

3^  inch 1.10 

Knife,  80  cents.  3  inch 1.00 

2^  inch 90 

r.F. Bingham,  ??°'?''w"h-"  o"-'   "«? 

_  ..'^_.    .  Little  Wonder,  2  in.     .65 

Farwell,  Mich. 

Pate  it  Wired  Comb  Foundation 

has  no  sag  in  brood  frames. 

Tbin  Flat  Bottom  FoQQdatiGii 

has  no   Fish-bone  in   Surplus  Honey. 

Being  the  cleanest  is  usually  worked  the 
quickest  of  any  foundation  made.  The  talk 
about  wiring  frames  seems  absurd.  We  furnish 
a  Wired  Foundation  that  is  Better,  Cheaper 
and  not  half  the  trouble  to  use  that  it  is  to 
wire    brood    frames. 

Circulars    and    sample    free. 

J.    VAN  DEUSEN    A  SONS, 

Sole    Manufacturers 

Montgomery  Co.,  Sprout  Brook,  N.  Y. 


J.  STRINQHAM,  105  Parle  PL,  N.  Y.  City 

Tested  Italian  Queens^  -  -  -  $1.00  each 

J  lb.  Sq.  Honey  Jars,  _  _  _  $5.00  gross 

No.  25  Jars,            -         -  -  -  -  $5.75  gross 

J  2  oz.  Jar.  burnishtd   tin  cap,  -  -  $5.00  gross 

count  on  more  tlian  one  gross.     Extracted  lioney  always 
on  hand  at  from  5  1-2  to  8  cents  pound. 

ARIES===QLEN  COVE,  L.  1.  CATALOG  FREE 


WANTED 


EXTRACTED  HONEY. 


Mail  sample,  and  always  quote  lowest 
price  delivered  here.  We  remit  Imme- 
diately upon  receipt  of  Shipment. 


THE    FRED  W.   MUTH   COv, 


References : 
German  National  Bank,  Cincinnati,  0 
Any  Mercantile  Agency,  or  the  Editor. 


No.  51  Walnut  Street, 

t^^^HioH-  CINCINNATIi  O. 


AUSTRALIANS. 

NOTE  the  address— 

Pender  Bros., 

WEST  MAITLAND, 
New  South  Wales,        Australia. 

The  largest  manufacturers  of    Beekeepers' 
Supplies  in  the  Southern  Hemisphere, 
and    publishers    of   the    AUSTRALASIAN 
BEEKEEPER,   the  leading  bee  journal  south 
of  the  equator. 
Sample  copT  ftnd  64-p«EC  cataloeue,  FREE 
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1)4.  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  243 

ralities  one  could  hope  for.     Every  20  pounds  again.     (Having  to  extract 

however,  who  tried  them  found   from  the  bodies,  as  they  had  not  as- 

iii  spiteful  stingers,  and  in  all  else   cended  into  the  supers.     We  have  had 

JO  worthless.     So  if  this  gentleman   a  bad  season  in  England.)    A  neighbor 

;  w    condemns   Funics,   his  judgment  of  the    above   gentleman's,   I   was   in- 

(it  to  be  relied  upon  from  his  hav-   formed,  took  only  80  pounds  of  honey 

on    former    important     occasions   from    six    Italian    stocks.      In    taking 

,  ;ken  without  his  book.  the  honey  from  the  four  Punic  stocks, 

have  been  keeping  Punic  bees  now   I  was  not  once  assailed,  the  bees  being 

six   years,   with   increasing    confi-  most  complacent  after  a  few  puffs  of 

1  e  in  their  splendid  all-round  qual-   smoke  in  the  mouth  of  the  hive  and 

I    should  be   accused   of   exag-   between  the  combs. 

tion   if   I   were    to    let   myself   go        I  might  observe  here  that  I  decline 

it    those    bees.      I    will,    however,   to    believe    Mr.      Benton's     statement 

.  kavor  to  let  them  speak  for  them-   about    handling    bees    without    a    veil. 

.\es.     I   have   had  just  over  200  of   It   is   beyond  belief  that  any  race  of 

}■.    Hewitt's      queens.      Each      stock  bees    armed    with    stings    will    permit 

I  uied  by  a   Punic   queen  I   find   de-   themselves   to  be  robbed  without   at- 

ps  a  working  power  equal  to  three   tempting  to  retaliate,  for  one's  breath 

ve  or  Italian  stocks  and  upwards,   is  sure  to  invite  attack  even  from  half- 

ue   50   stocks    now,   and   I   would    stupefied  bees. 

exchange   these   for      150     native     The  gentleman  owing  the  bees  afore- 

ks.     I  keep  my  bees  in  a  planta-   mentioned    explained    that      he      was 

of  firs,  three  miles  from  town.       never  attacked  from  his  Pimic  stocks. 

Air.    Benton   states  that  Punics   are   but   that   a    footfall    was    sufficient    to 

JIteful.        How      many      bee-keepers   call    forth    numbers    of    vigilant    skir- 

Huld  dare  to  keep  four  great  stocks   mishers    from    his    other    hives.        To 

■olbees  on  twenty-four  standard  frames  show   his    appreciation    of   these   bees 

e;h,    four    yards    away    from     their  he    invited    me    to    destroy    his    three 

Ichen    door?      That    is    what    I    did   native    queens    and    bring    him    seven 

\:h    four    of    my    Punic    stocks    this   more    Punic    queens    (cross-mated,    at 

anmer.     The  fences  around  my  little   five    shillings     each).      Kept     shaded, 

I'rden    are    only   five    feet    high;    but  well-ventilated,  and  not  unjustly  rob- 

rne  of  my  neighbors  ever  complain-  bed,    I    can   say  without   fear   of   suc- 

e  of   the   proximity   of  the   bees.      I    cessful     contradiction     that     there     is 

s    for   hours   myself  watching   these   no  bee   which  approaches     the     ideal 

\  ole-hearted    little    workers    tearing   nearer  than  my  well  loved  Punics.     I 

i  and    out,   oblivious   of   all    else    but   say  this  after  twenty  years'  experience 

t'ir  own  needs.  with  other  races.     Going  back  to  any 

^or  further  proof  let  me  relate  that   other  race  after  keeping  Punics  would 

I  old  four  Punic  stocks  to  three  dif-   be    like   reverting   to    the    stage   coach 

f  ent   people   in   the   same   block.   All   after  the  railway. 

Ise  people  placed  their  bees  in  their  However,  of  all  the  false  statements 
L:k  gardens,  and  I  have  yet  to  hear  made  by  Mr.  Benton,  with  regard  to 
''  any  mishaps  arising  from  their  so  Punics,  the  falsest  is  that  made  with 
ng.  (Each  of  my  above  customers  regard  to  their  wintering  qualities.  I 
l^ve  families  of  young  children.)  have  wintered  dozens  of  colonies  of 
"en  again  I  went  this  summer  to  these  bees  in  single-walled  hives  on 
t'e  the  honey  for  an  elderly  gentle-  unsealed  stores,  and  have  not  lost  a 
-r  n  to  whom  I  had  sold  four  of  Mr.  spoonful  of  bees  per  hive.  I  have 
I'witt's  queens  the  previous  season,  never  had  a  case  of  dysentery'  with 
ad  here  from  the  first  stock  I  took  them  yet.  We  have  had  a  succession 
tenty-two  solid  slabs  of  honey  beau-  of  cold  springs  in  England,  and  the 
t  illy  sealed  in  standard  frames,  extreme  hardiness  of  Punics  has  pre- 
lom  the  other  three  stocks  I  took  vented  all  appearance  of  spring 
'  s:cessively  twenty  frames  each,  dwindling, 
eially  good.  The  honey  was  of  Just  to  show  briefly  what  can  be 
find  quality — consistency,  color  and  done  with  these  bees  I  will  cite  d 
fv'or.  From  the  same  gentleman's  particular  instance  of  their  powers  of 
t  ee  stocks  of  native  bees  I  took  re-  multiplication.  In  September,  1903, 
S'ctively  25   pounds,  20  pounds   and   T  mated  a  virgin  queen  I  had  from  Mr. 


244 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Decembe: 


Hewitt  in  a  three-frame  nucleus.  By 
May,  1904,  this  stock  covered  twenty 
frames.  By  July  it  covered  thirty 
frames.  In  August  I  took  fifty  pounds 
of  honey  from  it,  and  made  two 
strong  nuclei  with  the  empty  combs. 
In  these  I  mated  two  more  of  Mr. 
Hewitt's  queens.  These  nuclei  are 
now  two  ten-frame  stocks.  So  that 
within  a  year  from  a  three-frame  nu- 
cleus I  get  fifty  pounds  of  honey,  a 
twenty-frame  stock  and  two  ten-frame 
stocks.  Another  three-frame  nucleus 
in  which  I  mated  one  of  Mr.  Hewitt's 
Funics  I  sold  in  May  of  this  year,  as 
a  twenty-frame  stock,  for  the  sum  of 
two  guineas. 

Some  day  the  bee-keeping  world  will 
discover  Funics  and  go  wild  over  the 
discovery,  for  if  there  is  anything  that 
I  am  convinced  firmly  of,  it  is  that 
Funics  are  the  bee  of  the  future,  and 
Mr.  Hewitt's  system  of  queen-rais- 
ing is  the  system  of  the  future.  Will 
someone  find  me  the  bee-keeper  who 
on  three  days'  notice  will  pack  ofif 
thirty-six  sprightly  little  virgin  queens 
by  one  post,  all  arriving  safely?  When 
I  get  to  know  that  man,  I  will  share 
my  worship  of  Mr.  Hewitt  with  him. 
From  fifty  stocks  kept  on  Mr.  Hew- 
itt's lines,  two  swarms  issued  this 
summer. 

Agincourt,     Vicarage     Road,     Wat- 
ford, England,  Nov.  3,  1904. 


CONVENTION  ECHOES. 


Something  from  the  Western  Illinois 
and  the  National  Meetings. — A  Sen- 
sible and   Seasonable  Letter. 

By  J.  E.  Johnson. 

THE  WESTERN  Illinois  Bee- 
Keepers'  Association  met  Sep- 
tember 20th,  at  Galesburg,  Ills., 
and  we  had  a  very  good  meeting,  well 
attended.  Several  bee-keepers  from 
quite  a  distance  were  there,  whom  we 
had  not  met  before.  Many  new  mem- 
bers were  added,  and  we  had  a  very 
profitable,   pleasant   time   together. 

I  will  not  try  to  give  in  detail  what 
was  said  and  done,  except  that  several 
questions  concerning  the  manipula- 
tion of  bees  were  discussed,  also  plans 
of  selling  honey  advantageously.  The 
diflferent  members  expressed  their  in- 
tention of  attending  our  next  meeting 


arid  of  urging  neighbor  bee-keeper 
to  attend.  Now,  while  we  had  a  gooc 
harmonious,  profitable  time,  I  want  t 
tell  the  readers  of  The  American  Bee 
Keeper  some  of  the  things  we  did  nc 
do.  There  are  a  few  bee-keepers  wit 
from  100  to  300  colonies  of  bees  withi 
30  to  40  miles  of  Galesburg  who  di 
not  attend  our  meeting;  nor  do  the 
attend  any  bee-keepers'  associations 
but  we  heard  from  them  later,  as 
shall  relate.  The  bee-keepers  aroun 
Williamsfield  agreed  to  hold  the 
comb  honey  at  14  cents.  So  we  ai 
getting  14  cents  for  our  honey  in  cas 
lots.  At  Galesburg  the  merchants  we; 
offering  i2yz  cts.,  but  the  bee-keepe 
were  holding  for  15  cents  per  poun 
and  some  were  getting  their  pric 
when  along  came  those  fellows  wl 
did  not  attend  our  meeting  and  le 
700  to  800  pounds  in  several  of  t) 
stores  at  10  cents  per  pound — gO( 
comb  honey  at  that.  Well,  that  ju 
"knocked  the  stuffing"  out  of  that  ma 
ket  for  the  time  being,  but  the  me 
chants  know  that  honey  is  not  nea 
ly  so  plentiful  as  last  year,  and  a 
keeping  the  retail  price  up,  and  t 
wholesale  price  will  soon  recover. 
I  made  it  a  point  to  visit  one 
these  bee-keepers,  and  found  that  ; 
though  he  had  160  colonies  of  bC' 
he  took  only  one  bee  paper  and  c 
not  read  that  very  thoroughly,  and  ; 
ways  sold  his  honey  for  10  cents  f 
pound,  whether  he  had  a  good  or 
poor  crop.  His  crop  last  year  w 
12,000  pounds.  This  year,  only  abc 
3,000,  but  it  was  the  same  price.  1 
did  not  know  that  we  met  in  Gal< 
burg  nor  anything  about  our  assoc 
tion.  I  had  a  pleasant  chat  with  h 
and  invited  him  to  attend  our  ne 
meeting.  He  seemed  very  interest 
and  agreed  to  attend  our  next  met 
ing.  I  also  find  that  another  prel 
extensive  bee-keeper,  about  40  mi! 
away,  sells  his  honey  at  home  for 
fair  price,  but  sells  at  towns  furtli 
from  home  for  10  cents,  seeming  n 
to  realize  nor  care  what  the  effect  w 
to  other  bee-keepers.  At  first  ^ 
thought  that  surely  the  fool'  kill 
had  failed  to  call  on  these  bee-keepe 
or  if  he  had  called  he  had  failed  to 
his  duty;  but  upon  further  investig 
tion  we  found  that  when  they  vi 
the  larger  towns  the  merchants  p 
up  such  a  great  talk  about  honey  b 
ing   so    plentiful    and    a    drug   on  t 


rj04.  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  245 

larket  that  they  accept  the  low  price  are  those  where  only  a  few  take  ac- 
f  10  cents,  not  knowing  that  if  they  tive  part.  The  president  should  judge 
ad  been  members  of  our  association  when  a  member  is  out  of  order.  At 
nd  attended  the  meetings  they  would  the  Chicago-Northwestern  convention, 
ave  been  enabled  to  get  not  less  than  all  members  are  not  only  permitted 
_'Jj  cents  and  very  probably  15  cents  but  asked  to  take  part,  and  better  Con- 
or every  pound  of  surplus  they  had.   ventions   were  never   held  than   those 

0  while  these  fellows  gave  our  cen-  at  Chicago.  President  Harris  is  an 
ral  market  a  black  eye  for  a  while,  able  man  and  quick  and  fair  in  his 
,e  shall  guard  against  any  future  oc-   decisions. 

urrence  of  this   kind.     We  shall  en-  A  committee  was  appointed  to  wait 

eavor  to  help  them  and  get  them  to  on  some  of  the  leading  daily  papers  of 

elp  us.     I  feel  very  sure  if  bee-keep-  St.  Louis,  so  as  to  get  a  good  report 

rs   would  join   together  in   local   or-  of   the   convention,   but   with    the    de- 

janizations,    much    good    will    result  plorable   result   of  finding     the     next 

1  many  ways.  day's  paper  stating  that  the  delegates 
Our   next   meeting  will   be   held    in  were  about  evenly  divided  on  the  pos- 

iie  county  courthouse  at  Galesburg,  sibility  of  comb  honey  being  manufac- 
!ls.,  the  first  Wednesday  in  April,  1905,  tured.  When  we  take  into  considera- 
nd  we  extend  a  hearty  invitation  to  tion  that  that  report  was  perhaps  read 
11  bee-keepers  within  reach  of  by  thousands  of  residents  of  St.  Louis 
ialesburg  to  attend.  The  Western  and  many  other  cities  and  villages  of 
llinois  Association  has  come  to  stay,  Missouri  and  other  adjoining  states, 
nd  while  we  don't  display  great  ora-  besides  very  many  world's  fair  visi- 
Drical  eloquence  or  quibble  over  par-  tors  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  we 
amentary  rules,  we  talk  as  much  bee  can  only  decide  that  it  did  a  vast 
ilk  in  one  day  as  any  bee-keepers'  as-  amount  of  injury;  and  coming  from 
Delation  m  America.  If  you  don't  be-  a  selected  committee  of  the  largest 
eve  It,  just  come  and  find  out  for  bee-keepers'  organization  in  America 
°"''s^^f-  its  weight  is     all     the     greater,     and 

teaches   us   that   it   is   largely  through 

I  had  the  very  great  pleasure  of  at-  the  carelessness  of  the  bee-keepers 
ending  the   meeting  of   the    National   themselves   that   stories     are     started 

ee-Keepers' Association  at  bt.  Louis,  which  are   so  injurious   to   the   honey 

t     which     were      gathered     together   industry. 

lany   noted  bee-keepers   from   differ-       I   have  had  some  experience  in  in- 

nt  parts  of  the  United     States     and   terviewing    reporters    and    editors,    as 

Dme  foreign   countries,  but  owing  to   well  as  writing  for  the  daily  press.   I 

mited   time    and   a    desire    to   see   as    give  below  a  few  rules  which  I  have 

uich  of  the  great  world's  fair  as  pos-   found  valuable: 

ible,  I  only  attended  three  sessions.        Don't  try  to  interview  the  editor  of 

did  not  hear  any  talk  of  manipulat-  a  large  daily  paper.  Ask  for  a  re- 
ig  bees,  but  listened  to  some  very  porter.  The  editor  is  a  wonderfully 
ble   papers   read   by     Prof.     Benton,   busy  man,  and  has  his  own  work  to 

ouis  Scholl  and  others.  Quite  a  lot  look  after,  and  will  soon  forget  every 
f  business  was  transacted,  or  rather  w-ord  you  have  said, 
laced  in  the  hands  of  appointed  com-  When  you  go  to  interview  a  re- 
littees.  Only  a  few  took  part  in  the  porter,  go  prepared.  Don't  try  to 
{•^cussions,  in  fact,  one  influential  weave  a  report,  but  just  give  the  main 
lember  gave  a  very  polite  invitation   points  in  a  few  plain  words.     The  re- 

'   members   not   sufficiently    qualified   porter  will  do  the  weaving  to  suit  him- 

'  keep  silent,  as  only  those  who  self,  whether  you  say  so  or  not;  but 
juld    talk    interestingly    should    con-   i^  given  all  the  main  points  plainly  his 

ime  such  valuable  time.  As  for  my-  article  will  be  accurate.  Both  he  and 
■If  I  said  nothing,  nor  had  I  any  de-   <^he  editor  are  as  anxious  for  an  accu- 

re  to  speak;  but  I  think  many  very    ''ate  report  as  you  are,  but  if  they  do 
itelligent  members  were     thus     pre-   get    it   wrong   nine    times    out    of   ten 
snted    from    taking    active    part.        I    the)'  won't  take  it  back, 
^on't    believe    the     best     conventions       Williamsfield,  Ills.,  Nov.  7,  1904. 


246 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Decembei 


FOUL  BROOD. 


By  John  Hewitt. 

1  NOTICE  AN  ARTICLE  on  this 
subject  by  Mr.  C.  H.  W.  Weber 
on  page  24.  Some  day  I  hope  to 
make  public  the  result  of  all  my  work, 
but  in  the  meantime  allow  me  to  cor- 
rect Mr.  Weber  in  several  particulars 
and  put  him  on  the  right  track  for  re- 
search. 

In  the  first  place  he  says  the  bacil- 
lus of  foul  brood  was  discovered  b}'' 
Cheshire  and  Cheyne  and  named  by 
them  "Bacillus  Alvei."  This  is  not 
correct  and  is  the  fruit  of  an  error 
started  in  the  British  Bee  Journal 
Cheshire  discovered  it  himself  and 
-named  it  B.  Alvei  eighteen  months  be 
fore  Cneyne  took  up  the  work  of  ver- 
ifying Cheshire's  discoveries.  Cheyne 
discovered  nothing.  Cheshire  thought 
Tie  had  discovered  a  cure  for  it  in 
phenol.  I  soon  found  he  was  mistak- 
en in  supposing  so.  I  then  made  sev- 
eral experiments  based  on  observa- 
tions and  sent  several  subjects  to 
Cheshire  to  examine.  Cheshire 
thought  I  had  a  new  bacillus  disease, 
and  he  made  drawings  of  it,  show- 
ing the  difference  between  it  and  the 
true  Alvei.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  it 
was  the  real  thing  and  he  failed  to 
recognize  it.  From  my  experiments, 
I  arrived  at  the  conclusion  that  the 
disease  did  not  reproduce  itself  until 
it  had  passed  through  the  nurse  bees, 
and  from  this  I  was  able  to  devise  a 
cure,  which  I  published  in  the  Bee- 
Keepers'  Record  for  July,  1887,  pp. 
130  and  131.  This  cure  has  since  been 
put  out  in  America  as  the  discovery 
of  McEvoy,  the  Canadian  foul  brood 
expert,  though  he  never  mentioned 
it  before  I  gave  him  a  "slating"  in  the 
"Bee  Master"  ten  years  after.  This 
cure  is  the  only  one  that  will  ever 
cure  foul  brood,  except  heat,  and  I 
don't  care  what  anyone  may  say  to 
the  contrary. 

The  latest  is  a  statement  that  Dr. 
Lambotte,  of  Leige,  has  discovered 
the  bacillus  of  foul  brood  to  be  the 
same  as  the  bacillus  of  the  potato 
disease.  I  read  a  translation  of  his 
article  and  came  to  the  conclusion  he 
had  not  been  experimenting  with  true 
foul  brood,  but  with  a  phase  of  bee 
life  many  people  think  is  foul  brood. 
Even  Cheshire  did.  Lambotte  got  his 


samples  from  bee-keepers  (he  was  no 
a  bee-keeper  himselt)  and  he  de 
scribes  the  diseased  larvae  as  beinj 
"yellow."  Now  the  true  foul  brooi 
is  brown  —  not  yellow  in  color.  Bu 
this  yellow  foul  brood  is  fearfully  lik 
the  true  thing.  Some  years,  with 
aamp  cold  spell,  almost  every  hiv 
will  be  afifected;  then  no  trace  will  b 
found  ior  years,  until  another  dam: 
cold  spell.  I  get  lots  of  samples  sen' 
me  from  people  who  are  sure  the 
have  got  foul  brood,  and  experts  ar 
sure  it  is  the  real  thing;  but  I  am  a! 
ways  able  to  tell  them  it  will  pas 
away. 

"This  "yellow"  form  seems  to  ac 
very  much  like  the  potato  diseas' 
which  I  am  satisfied  is  not  "infet 
tious,"  as  we  understand  the  wore 
for  some  years  it  is  not  seen,  whi!, 
in  cold,  damp  seasons  it  is  very  con 
mon.  I  have  planted  diseased  sc 
time  after  time  and  lifted  crops  witl 
out  a  trace  of  disease. 

The  whole  subject  of  infection 
badly  misunderstood.  It  is  only  r 
cently  that  instruments  were  mat 
powerful  enough  to  see  the  bacilli) 
Just  fancy  someone  had  made  a  ir 
croscope  which,  by  magnifying  6,0' 
times,  he  was  able  to  see  strawbe 
ries  grow,  each  sending  out  shoots,  a: 
these  in  turn  sending  out  fresh  shoo 
Now,  just  imagine  the  possibility 
such  a  man  being  able  to  see  the  bf 
ries  with  the  fine  seeds  dotted  on  th< 
face,  each  one  capable  of  growing 
a  new  plant.  Just  fancy  he  was  at 
to  kill  the  plant  with  some  kind 
gas  or  other  nostrum,  how  would 
kill  the  seeds?  My  contention  is,  ■i 
do  not  know  the  life  history  of  the 
bacillus  germs,  and  he  is  a  fool  vf 
thinks  he  does. 

Let  us  take  ferns  as  an  example 
what  I  mean.  On  the  under  side  ol 
leaf  very  fine  particles  of  dust  will 
found,  called  "spores;"  so  fine  are  th« 
they  are  blowing  about  in  the  air  ■! 
breathe,  thousands  of  them.  Set 
damp  tree  pot  out  of  doors,  and  the 
sands  will  stick  to  it.  You  cann 
scrape  a  handful  of  earth  up  withe 
getting  thousands,  every  one 
which  will  grow  if  you  give  them  t 
right  conditions,  viz.:  moistu 
warmth  and  little  light.  Ferns  C3 
not  grow  in  simlight.  My  idea 
that  all  disease  germs  are  like  fe 
spores — they   will    not   germinate  t 


c 


)04. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


247 


pt    under    favorable    conditions.      I  can    hardly    be     of     any     importance. 

nnw  both  the  yellow  and  brown  form  But  in  the  same  race,  some  colonies 

I  foul  brood  follows  this  rule,  as  the  or    strains    are    endowed    with    more 

v'cllow"    form    is    only    seen    after    a  vitality  or  procreative  powers. 


rnp,  cold  spell. 

THOSE  QUEEN  CELLS. 


In  twenty  years,  42  per  cent,  of  the 
original  colonies  of  an  apiary  disap- 
peared, themselves  and  their  swarms 


I     enjoy     reading    "Hardscrabble's"    or   descendants;    18   per   cent,    remain 
tiaint    letters,    but    he    evidently    has    either   themselves   or   are   represented 


it  grasped  my  system.     See  his  let- 


by  one  of  their  descendants;  16  per 
.  11  page.  36.'  If'he  will  read  my  ar-  cent,  are  represented  by  two  colonies 
cle  carefully,  he  will  see  that  I  don't  each.  Another  16  per  cent,  are  rep- 
ar  queens  from  larvae  two  days  old  resented  each  by  three  to  ten  colo- 
id  call  it  "rearing  from  the  egg."  By  mes.  The-  remammg  8  per  cent,  may 
.ing  larvae  two  days  old,  I  get  the  «^ach  have  all  the  way  from  20  to  30  or 
?es  to  make  cells  and  half  f^U  them  more  descendants  present. 
ith  royal  food.  Doolittle  fills  in  the  ^  table  following  the  above  shows 
o(l;  I  get  the  bees  to  do  it,  whose  i"  detail  that,  as  a  general  rule,  the 
me  is  not  of  such  value  as  mine.  I  (polonies  swarming  either  quite  early 
)nt  know  whether  Doolittle  values  oi"  ^^'te  late  are  more  apt  to  disap- 
s  time  above  that  of  the  bees  or  Pear  (either  themselves  or  their  de- 
3t.  These  first  larvae  are  picked  ^cendants)  than  those  which  swarm  in 
It  of  the  royal  food— a  very  easy  t'^^  middle  of  the  swarming  season, 
atter — and  are  just  hatched  from  the  ir.  Of  301  primary  swarms  ob- 
;g,  put  in,  and  it  is  these  which  are  served,  43  per  cent,  came  from  col- 
ared  into  queens.  If  anyone  else  onies  which  had  swarmed  the  year 
IS  ever  published  such  a  system  I  before,  and  therefore  had  queens  one 
ive  yet  to  learn  of  it.  It  is  a  very  year  old.  20  per  cent  had  queens  two 
sy  matter  to  transfer  larvae  two  days  years  old.  15  per  cent,  had  queens 
d  into  dry  cells,  and  very  easy  to  tnree  years  old,  or,  rather,  came  from 
ck  them  out  the  next  day,  and  if  colonies  having  swarmed  three  years 
le  has  very  good  eyesight  and  prop-  before,  and  the  rest,  22  per  cent., 
tools,  he  can  easily  transfer  larvae  from  colonies  having  swarmed  all  the 
St  hatched  from  the  egg  into  this  way  from  four  to  twelve  years  be- 
lyal   food,  which   the  bees  never  re-    fore. 

ove;  thus  every  larvae  I  transfer  is  The  report  concludes  by  saying  that 
ared  into  a  queen.  Who  else  can  since  the  queens  one  year  old  are  the 
V  this?  most  apt  to  swarm    (43  per  cent,   of 

Brunswick    Works,    Shefifield,    Eng-    the    total    number    of      swarms),    the 
'    ~  '  requeening     to     prevent       swarming 

should  be  done  every  year  at  the 
opening  of  the  honey  flow.  Further- 
more in  so  doing,  there  is  less  brood 

to  raise  and  feed  during  the  flow  and 

otes  and  Comments  on  French  Ex-    ^    ^^^s    number    of    "useless    consum- 
ers" after  the  flow. 

12.      The   report   gives   as   a  known 

fact   that   during  the   flow,   no   colony 

will    swarm    unless    drones    are    pres- 

N  A  PREVIOUS  communication   I    ent.      But    it    is    very    seldom    that    a 

mentioned  a  report  on  swarming    colony   is    without    drones,    nothwith- 

made    before    one    of   the    French    standing    all    that    the    apiarist    may 

cieties    of   Apiculture.     The    report    do  to  prevent  their  production,  or  to 

continued    in    the    last    number    of   destroy  them. 


nd,   Feb.  7,   1904. 


SWARMING  OBSERVATIONS. 


penments. 


By  Adrian  Getaz. 


aiculteur.  I  extract  the  following 
3m  the  answers  given  to  the  ques- 
ms  propounded  by  the  Society: 


If  there  are  drones,  it  matters  but 
very   little   if   they   are   few   or  many. 
Fifty-four    per    cent,    of    the    swarms 
10.  As    nearly    99    per    cent,    of   the    observed   came   from   colonies   having 
^es  in  France  are  yet  black  bees,  the    numerous    drones,    and    46    per    cent, 
fference  between  the  different  races   from  those  having  but  few.  The  report 


248 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Decemb( 


will    be    continued    later. — L'    Apicul-    is  all.    And  in  most  cases,  a  less  nui 
teur.  ber    of    drones    would    have    meant 

In  regard  to  the  above  I  wish  to  much  larger  number  of  worke 
say  that  I  uissent  in  toto  from  one  raised  in  their  place,  and  therefore 
of  the  conclusions  arrived  at.  It  may  still  more  crowded  situation  and  mc 
be  stated  first  that  though  it  is  not  chances  yet  of  a  swarm  issuing. 
said  so,  the  observations  are  in  re-  The  excess  of  drones  is  often  due 
gard  to  modern  hives,  and  consequent-  the  age  of  the  queen.  The  oluer 
ly  the  colonies  were  worked  for  ex-  queen  is,  the  more  drone  eggs  s 
tracted  honey.  In  Europe  the  dif-  lays.  The  older  she  is,  the  more  1 
ference  in  price  between  extracted  ble  to  swarm.  So  the  two  things  £ 
honey  and  comb  honey  is  very  merely  coincident.  One  does  r 
very  little,  and  therefore  all  the  users  cause  the  other, 
of  modern  hives   work   for   extracted        Knoxville,  Tenn.,  Nov.   i,  1904. 

honey.      Those    using      skeps    or    box  

hives,  work  for  comb  honey,  very 
rarely  putting  a  super  of  sections  on 
the  box,  but  usually  a  mere  addition- 
al box  from  which  the  combs  are 
cut  out  and  sold  as  "chunk  honey.  ' 
Often  the  "chunks"  are  melted  and 
the  wax  and  honey  sold  separately. 
But  that  is  not  the  point  I  want  to 
make. 

I    think   the    assertion    that    queens 
one  year  old  are  more  likely  to  swarm 


SHALLOW  FRAMES  BEST. 

Considered  from  the  Standpoint  oi 
Comb  Honey  Producer. 

By  L.  E.  Kerr,  M.  D. 


A 


S  I  HAVE  made  the  hive  pn 
lem  a  special  study  since  I  fi 
began   keeping  bees,   the   cla 

/  i  N    ^1         ^1         ii        ■  ^   iiig  antagonisms  that  have  taken  pi 

(43  per  cent.)    than   the   other  is   not  ,,^  ^^^^^   columns,  between  the  ad 

correct,     it  ""   •""  ««<-.. «i   .,..™k„^ 

of    swarms, 

swarms  to  the  number  of  such  queen.,   tpj-gg+jng- 

present    in    the    apiary    that    indicates       r^^^  evidence  set  forth  by  Mr.  T 

Neal  in  his  article  on  page  179,  wh 


It  is  not  the  actual  number   ^^^^^  ^^  ^^^  ^         ^^^^^^^  ^j^^  ^j^^,! 
but    the    proportion     of  ^^^^^^  j^^^^  ^^^^  ^^  ^^  intensely 


he  makes  out  a  strong  case  in  fa 
of  a  frame  11  inches  deep,  is  plai 
ble  enough  to  the  unobserving.  Clc 
investigation,  however,  shows  his 
guments  to  be  weak  and,  in  fact,  w: 
out  a  leg  to  stand  upon. 

It    is    true    that   without    the    su 
barrel  shallow  hives  and  all  hives 


the  propensity  of  swarming.  To 
make  it  clear,  let  us  suppose  an  apiary 
of  fifty  colonies,  forty  of  which 
swarm  this  year  and  ten  don't.  Next 
year,  suppose  that  ten  of  the  queens 
one  year  old  swarm,  and  only  five 
of  the  others.  Should  we  be  right  in 
saying  that  the  one-year-old  queens 
are  more  apt  to  swarm  than  the 
others '' 

Not  at  all.     Out  of  the  forty  queens  signed  to  throw  the  bulk  of  the  ho: 

one  year  old,  ten  swarmed.     That  is  ^^op  mto  the  sections  would  give  \ 

only    25    per    cent.      Out    of    the    ten  to  one  which  kept  the  bulk  of  the  c 

others,  five  swarmed;  that  is  fifty  per  '"  the  brood-chamber.     All  intellig 

cent.,    or    twice    as    much    in    propor-  bee-men   now   rely    to   a   great   ext 

tjQri  upon  the  sugar  barrel.     Not  one,  ht 

My  own  experience  is  that  compar-  ever,  ever  have  any  of  this,  fed  ai 

atively  few  of  the  one-year-old  queens  '^  '"  the  autumn,  get  into  the  sectic 

swarm,  and  on  the  other  hand  nearly  With     the     divisible     brood-charo 

all  the  three-year-old  ones  do,  if  the  ^lye  and  system    at  least,  this  is 

season  is  favorable.     If  the  season  is  solutely  impossible.     The  lower  st 

not  favorable  for  swarming,  they  are  's,  at  the  time  the  surplus  recepta. 

very  often  superseded.  are  on,  devoid  of  any  stores  whate" 

As  to  the  drones,  I  don't  think  they  the  brood-nest  is  so  contracted, 
have  anything  to  do  with  the  swarm-       The  desire  to  secure  a  large  cro] 

ing    as    such.     Indirectly    their    pres-  what    Mr.    McNeal    pleases    to    t{ 

ence   may   increase    the    extreme   heat  avarice.     Maybe;  but  I  esteem  such 

and  lack  of  sufficient  ventilation,  and  an  admirable  quality  and  the  first 

therefore  add  to  the  uneasin^  ss  which  sential  to  success  in  the  art  of  ho 

eventually  leads  to  swarming,  but  that  production.     The  departure   from 


>4.  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  249 

leral  principles  embodied  in  the  old  several  bee  men  that  say  they  are  not 

;p   hive,  in  the  construction   of  the  afraid   of  bees,   and   that   they  can   do 

isible,  is   to  overcome  the   instinct  anything  with   them;   same   time    this 

the  bees  to  store  their  honey  in  the  one  drove  them  out,  says  A.  F.Eilen- 

)od-chamber,    where    it    profits    the  berger,   of  Tonowanda,   N.   Y.,  in   the 

;-keeper    nothing    and    to    facilitate  Modern  Farmer  and  Busy  Bee.     Mr. 

:  harvesting   of   the   crop   in   an   at-  Peter    Brady,   a    big   lumberman    who 

ctive    form.      With    the    foregoing  lives   in   the   city     of     Buffalo,   has  a 

ts  before   us,   we   can  very  readily  swarm  that  took  his  house  for  a  hive 

;    that    a    deep    frame    cannot    give  six  years  ago  this   summer.     He  has 

irly   the    amount   of   section   honey  a   large   brick    residence,    and    on   the 

it  a  shallow  one  will,  and  the  causes  peak  of  the   south  end   they  were   in 

:  unavoidable.  The  natural  instincts  between  the  plaster  and  roof  boards; 

the  bees   ought  to  be  followed   as  also  in  the  cornice.     It  was  bees  and 

sely  as  possible,  where  they  do  not  honey  in   every   place   they   could   get 

nflict  with  the  interests  of  the  api-  in.     I  told  Mr.  Brady  that  I  would  get 

st;  when  this  happens  they  should  them   out,   as   he  wanted   to   reshingle 

restricted  as  much  as  may  be  prof-  his  house,  and  could  not.     It  took  me 

ble  to  their  owner.  about    four    hours   with    four   men   to 

\s   a    cold-weather   frame,    I      fully  kill  them  and  get  out  the  honey.     As 

ree    that    one    11    inches    deep    will  near  as  I  coui^  estimate  it  there  were 

nter    splendidly;    but    as    a    warm-  between  nine  and  ten  hundred  pounds. 

ather  frame  it  would  be  impractical  The  most  of  it  was  clover  honey,  and 

■  producing  comb  honey.     I  do  not,  there  must  have  been  two  bushels  of 

wever,    accept    for    an    instant    the  bees,    anyway.      I    did    not    get    stung 

;ory  that  deep  frames  are  better  for  once.     They     filled     my     clothes     and 

nter    than    two      sets      of      shallow  gloves  full  of  stings.     This  is  what  I 

mes,  or  that  there  are,  with  divisi-  call  a  big  colony  of  bees,  and  it  took 

brood-chambers,  cold  drafts  pass-  nerve   to   handle   them.     Working  on 

J  directly  through  the  center  of  the  the    peak   of  a   house   is   not   like   the 

Dod-nest.     When  two  sections  com-  ground.     You  just  have  to  take  it  as 

ise    the    brood-chamber,      a    strong  it  comes. 

lony   will    cluster   between   the    two 


es  until  to  all  intents  and  purposes,    MORE  THAN  100,000  BEES  WERE 
space   exists.     In  the  spring  when 
;  colony  is  weaker,  the  brood-nes 


KILLEL. 


above  this  space.     We  observe,  then         q^,^^  ^^^^^^^  ^^  ^^^^  ^^^^  ^jl,^^ 

It  this  space  cannot  effect  the  heat  ^^^^j^      ^^^    ^^^   ^^   ^^^    ^^^^^^   ^ 

nerated  by  the   cluster.  i\/r;ii^    o*-    tj,.;^„^ ^t-     t>„       ^.i  ,.u 

T,,  r  r  -1  -^1    .Li       J-    •  Mills    at    Bridgeport.    Pa.,     the     other 

[The  cause  of  failure  with  the  divis-  ^  ^s  soon  as  the  smoke  had  rolled 

brood-chamber     hive     generally  .^^^    ^^^    ^j^^^.^^^    remnants    of 

mes    from    applying    the    system    of  +i,^,v  u^^^^   i  ^^ ^^i^j   t-u      r*<.i 

'  .'   r      °        •    ,       1    ,    r  their  homes   had   cooled  the   little   in- 

magement   originally      intended    for  ^^^+^    1..,^^.,  ri  ^    o^*.  t-^  1       t 

°  ^.        r       1  •   1  1  sects,   human-like,  set  to   work   clean- 

;  non-sectional,  which  can  have  no  • 

ler  result.  a  ...i  u   1 

r      •  ,    ,  11  .1  J     )       ^x      L-  Apparently,     an     ambulance     corps 

f  wish  to  call  the  readers  attention  ^^^   formed,   numbering   several   hun- 

the    fact,    however     that    Mr.    Mc-  ^^^^  ^ees.  These  began  getting  out  of 

;al  is   raising  extracted,  while   I  ain  ^^e  way  their  dead  comrades,  many  of 

producer   of   comb    honey   only.      A  ^j^^^  ^-^^^^  ^^  ^  j^^^^^      ^^^/^^^ 

tme  II  inches  deep  may  do  first-rate  ^^       ^^-,^^j  suggested  the  work 

extracted  honey.     I  cannot  say,  as  ^^^^   ^^^^  be   going  on   daily   on   the 

^ave  had  no  experience,  having  nev-  R^,gg„.j  battlefields.         Each     bee 

prodvK:ed  a  pound,  for  the  market,  ^^^j^j^^     ^    ^^^^     ^^^    ^^^     struggled 

^         ■  away    with    it,    and    as    the    field    was 

Rose  Lawn  Apiary,  Germania,  Ark.,  strewn  with  thousands  they  have  been 

t.  7,  1904.  employed    the   past   few   days. — Phila- 

■ •  delphia  Telegraph. 

A  BIG  BEE  TREE  (?) 

[  want  to  tell  you  wnat  I  did  with  a       When  wntin.£r  to  advertisers  mention 

arm  of  bees  that  had  whipped  out  The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


250  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER 

SUCCESS  AND  FAILURE. 
By  A.  J.  Halter. 


December 


DID  YOU  ever  stop  to  think  how 
many  bees  are  Kept  at  a  loss, 
either  through  neglect  or  igno- 
rance, by  individuals  who  proclaim 
themselves  to  be  bee-keepers?  Sup- 
pose you  for  yourself  take  a  little  sur- 
vey in  your  immediate  vicinity,  enu- 
merate the  colonies  of  bees  and  their 
owners;  what  per  cent,  are  operated 
successfully?  How  many  progressive 
bee-keepers  will  you  find? 

If  figures   were   in   print   it   certain- 


colonies  in  old  boxes,  kegs  and  th 
like,  to  hear  him  speak  of  his  bee  indus 
try,  perhaps  placing  a  value  far  be 
yond  the  ordinary.  When  you  as 
what  he  has  realized  from  the  sales  o 
honey,  he  expects  to  get  in  the  hone; 
business  next  season. 

There  are  some  who  make  a  partia 
sucess  at  almost  anything  they  ur^ 
dertake.  When  I  began  bee-keepin 
I  had  the  pleasure  to  entertain  a  gen 
tleman  who  said  he  kept  bees  upward 
of  ten  years,  mentioning  that  he  ha 
a  large  supply  of  fixtures  store 
away  which  he  did  not  see  fit  to  us< 


r/lr.  A.  J.  Halter,   and  Apiary. 


f 


ly  would  be  astonishing  to  realize  that 
such  conditions  would  be  possible 
after  all  has  been  said  in  our  books 
and  journals. 

But  there  is  a  class  of  people  who 
are  always  at  a  standstill,  waiting  for 
prosperity  to  come  their  way,  without 
making  any  preparation  for  its  recep- 
tion; others  who  are  too  busy — 
"can't  spare  the  time  and  money." 

It  may  seem  somewhat  amusing  to 
approach    a    man    with    a    number    of 


as  there  was  no  money  in  the  bus 
ness,  as  every  pound  he  had  secure 
cost  him  a  dollar. 

Hives  and  fixtures  are  a  necessit 
for  the  production  of  noney,  but  mu: 
be  applied  with  skill  and  in  harmon 
with  the  work  of  the  bees.  In  th: 
class  the  successful  bee-keeper  can  t 
found,  seeking  information  at  a 
times  which  may  lighten  his  burden. 

Akron,  Ohio,  Oct.  14,  1904. 


,04.                             THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  251 

BEE  AS  A   SIGN  PAINTER.  withdrawn    from    the    hive    and    that 

may  be  emptied  of  their  honey  by  a 

/ork  Directed  So  As  to  Form  Let-  centrifugal  machine.    A  pure  and  lim- 

ters  of  the  Honey-comb.  pid  honey  is  thus  obtained  with  sur- 
prising rapidity  and  without  breaking 

Occasionally  there  is  to  be  seen  at  the  combs,  which  are  replaced  in  the 

jricultural   fairs  and   similar  institu-  hives   to  be   filled   anew  by  the  bees, 

ons     honeycomb     worked    into     the  It  is  sufficient,  then,  to  suspend  these 

lape  of  inscriptions  or  other  designs,  sheets  of  wax  in  a  hive  to  cause  the 

.ccording    to    a    French    journal    de-  bees   to  utilize  them  as  a  foundation 

3ted   to   natural    science,    the    letters  for  the  lateral  cell-walls.     They  must, 

lat  form  these  inscriptions  are  really  however,  be  made  of  absolutely  pure 

lade    entirely   by    the    bees,   and    are  wax;   if  not,  they  are   torn  to   pieces 

lied  with  honey  by  them  only.     But  by   the   bees   and   thrown    out   of   the 

ley  are  not  proof  either  of  art  or  of  hive.     This  custom  of  bees,  of  follow- 

itelligence,  for  the  bees  blindly  fol-  ing    the    bee-keeper's    indications,    is 

)wed    the    will    of    their    master,    to  utilized    to    make    them     build      their 

'horn   the    entire    credit   is   due.      He  combs  in  all  sorts  of  odd  shapes.     It 

nderstood    how    to    choose    the    mo-  is  necessary  only  to  fix  strips  of  mold- 

lent   when   they   felt    the   imperative  ed    wax   perpendicularly   on   a    plank, 


FIG.  A. 


FIG.   B. 


FIG.  C. 


eed  of  building  cells  to  hold  their 
recious  product,  and  to  oblige  them 
ly  an  adroit  trick  to  give  to  their  con- 
tructions  the  shape  that  he  wished  to 
mpose.  It  is  by  the  use  of  molded 
ax  that  this  is  done;  but  what  is 
nolded  wax?  It  is  wax  in  thin  sheets 
m  which  are  stamped  impressions 
laving  the  shape  of  the  bottoms  of 
loneycombed  cells  (generally  known 
,s  "comb-foundation"  or  simply 
'foundation").  This  wax  has  done 
nuch  for  the  progress  of  modern  api- 
:ulture.  It  was  invented  in  1857  after 
tiany  trials  by  Jean  Mehring,  a  Ba- 
varian bee-keeper.  *  *  ^  Since 
ne  of  its  greatest  advantages  is  that 
l  obliges  the  bee  to  build  cells  ac- 
;ording  to  the  indications  that  it  gives, 
t.  may  be  used  to  make  straight  and 
)arallel    combs    that    can    easily     be 


fastening  them  with  strong  glue  or 
melted  wax.  They  are  then  surround- 
ed with  a  sort  of  mold,  which  leaves 
just  space  enough  for  the  bee  to  build 
its  cells  and  move  about.  The  most 
convenient  size  to  give  to  this  space 
is  indicated  by  the  usual  space  left 
between  the  combs  in  a  bee-hive.  The 
whole  is  placed  in  a  hive  upside  down 
— that  is,  with  the  plank  on  top;  and 
the  bees  go  to  work  on  it  without  de- 
lay. Fig.  A  shows  the  plank  with  its 
strips  of  comb  foundation.  In  B  we 
see  the  guide  and  at  C  the  whole  mold 
at  the  end  ot  the  bees'  work. — News- 
paper. 


One  dollar  will  pay  for  The  Bee- 
Keeper  from  this  date  until  Decem- 
ber,  IQ07. 


25^ 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 
»-♦♦♦♦♦  ♦> 


December 


THE 


Bee -Keeping  World 


staff  Contributors  :    F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ. 

Contributions  to  this  Department  are  solicited  from  all  quarters  of  the  earth. 


i^i^^^i^k^^^^^i^^^im^^^^ii^- 


GERMANY. 
"Extracted  Honey,  finest  quality,  at 
60  Marks  per  pound."  Thus  adver- 
tised a  certain  storeKeeper  in  Bonn, 
says  the  Leipz.  Btzg.  The  price  of 
honey  in  Germany  is  much  higher 
than  60  marks,  and  it  was  evident  that 
this  honey  sold  by  the  storekeeper 
would  have  to  be  adulterated.  A 
complaint  made  resulted  in  a  prose- 
cution of  the  man,  who  was  found 
guilty  of  selling  adulterated  honey, 
although  it  was  shown  that  he  in- 
formed each  purchaser  that  the  'ar- 
ticle was  not  pure  honey. 


come  foul  broody  on  account  of  thi 
lack   of  pollen. — Schweitz.   Bztg. 


Aaman  reports  of  having  lost  a  col- 
ony of  bees  by  starvation,  although 
the  same  had  a  supply  of  thirty 
pounds  at  the  beginning  of  the  winter. 
There  was  not  a  cell  of  honey  left, 
and  the  possibility  of  other  bees 
having  robbed  the  colony  is  excluded. 


The  honey  gathered  in  Germany  th 
past  season  is  considerably  darker  ii 
color  than  usual. 


The  Hann.  Cour.  asserts  that  there 
are  wasps  and  mosquitoes  in  New 
York,  but  no  bees.  (Even  should  the 
reporter  mean  the  city,  he  might  find 
himself  mistaken,  should  he  come 
over  and  make  an  investigation. "> 


The  Luxemb.  Bztg.  gives  the  fol- 
lowing good  advice  on  renewing 
queens:  Insert  a  ripe  or  matured 
queen  cell  cagea.  Keep  young  queen 
caged  for  seven  days.  Then  re- 
move old  queen  and  release  the 
young. 


As  something  unusual  it  is  report- 
ed from  the  heath  (Lunenburg)  that 
single  hives  have  gained  as  high  as 
four  pounds  per  day. 


The  heath  prodtices  very  little  pol- 
len and  the  older  bee-keepers  of  these 
localities  make  the  claim  that  colonies, 
left  in   the   heath    for   two   years,  be- 


The  safety  of  obtaining  pure  an 
unadulterated  honey  lies  in  the  hon 
esty  of  the  producing  bee-keeper  0 
whom  the  consumer  buys  his  supplj 
— Dickel  in  111.  Bztg. 


The  bee-keeper,  Sperling,  of  Goedc 
sold  900  pounds  of  comb  honey,  saii 
to  be  pure  "bee  honey,"  to  a  deale 
in  Dresden.  The  honey  proved  t 
be  partly  sugar-fed  honey.  Th 
authorities  took  the  matter  in  han 
and  S.  was  heavily  fined. — 111.  Bztg. 


The  Centralverein  has  sent  in  a  pe 
tition  asking  that  apiculture  be  taugh 
at  teachers'  seminaries. 


TUNIS. 
The  bee-keeper  in  Tunis  finds  i 
necessary  to  use  double-walled  hive 
on  account  of  the  prevailing  coo 
weather  during  the  honey  flow.  Th 
harvest  for  the  bees  and  the  bee 
keeper  is  during  the  latei  fall  am 
early  spring.  P.  Neuman  translate 
from  the  Bulletin  de  la  Societe  Ro 
mand  d'Apiculture  that  the  bee-keep 
ers  are  imprudent  enough  to  kee] 
as  many  as  1,000  colonies  in  on< 
place. 


JAPaN. 

The  native  honey-bee  of  Japan  i! 
grayish-yellow  of  color.  It  is  per 
haps  the  most  docile  bee  known  am 
may  be  handled  without  any  protec 
tion  on  the  part  of  the  keeper.  It  is 
also  claimed  that  these  bees  are  more 
industrious  than  other  races,  going 
out    in    search    of   food    during    rainj 


po4.                            THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  253 

eatlier.  The  Japs  have  adopted  ing,  however,  is  not  done  in  waxen 
lie  most  rational  methods  of  han-  cells,  but  in  living  reservoirs.  A  por- 
ting bees,  and  to  keep  them  at  a  tion  of  the  ants  have  a  receptacle, 
rofit.  Australian  bee-keepers  have  globular  in  shape,  about  one  centime- 
itroduced  the  Japan  bee  into  their  ter  in  diameter;  this  is  the  store-room 
ards  and  succeed  remarkably  in  the  of  honey  from  which  the  other  ants 
nltivation  of  the  same. — Neumann  in  draw,  and  they  in  turn  feed  these 
cntral-Blatt.  rather    clumsy    sisters.       The    uncivi- 

lized  natives  living  in  Central  Austra- 

SERVlA.  lia  consider  these  honey  ants   (Melo- 
phorus)  morsels  of  aelicacy. 

It  is  stated  in  the   111.   Bztg.  by  S.  — — ■ 

rawrilowitsch  that  in  Servia  along  the  AFRICA. 

hores  of   the   Danube   fried   fish   and 

oiled  chicken,  all  of  which  are  cheap-  Apiculture    among    the    Egyptians, 

r  than  sugar,  are  used  as  substitutes  as   is  well   known,  was  a  well-under- 

jr  bee  food;  this  wonderful  news  S.  stood    business   as    far   back   as   2,000 

r.  obtained  from  a  Servian  bee  jour-  years    ante    Christum    natum.      Solon 

al.     (What  next?)  the    Wise    went    from      Greece      2,500 


years   ago   to  study     bee-keeping     in 

AUSTRIA.  Egypt.     Since   these   times   apiculture 

has  not  made  the  advances  that  it  did 

Jungklaus     reports     in    "Imker    of  in    some    other    parts    of    the    world 

lohemia"  that  at  an     exhibition     of  The  African  bee  is  a  black  bee,  closely 

oney  in  Itzehoe,  judges  entirely  ig-  related  to  the  German  brown  bee,  and 

ored  "liquid"  dark  honey,  giving  the  the  natives  in  different  parts  of  Afri- 

olid  honey  the   preference.  ca    have   their    methods    of    handling 

these  bees.     Many  of  them  manufac- 

On  the  i8th  of  June  all  business  in  ture      their     hives      by   a    process    of 

ne  of  the  mam  streets  of  Budapest  weaving    grasses    and    the    like    into 

ras     brought      to    a    standstill    by    a  long    cylindrical    shaped    habitations. 

warm   of   bees.      Said   bees   were  not  Such    are    often    placed    way    un    into 

iclined    to    yield    to    the    orders    and  the  tops  of  trees  with  a  view  of  catch- 

ctions    of    the    police    force,      which  ing  wild   bees.      The   yields   of   honey 

ime       out       sometimes       worse     for  are    said    to    be    very    large    and    the 

ear.      As    a    result,    long    strings    of  quality    of    same    equal    to    European 

wagons    and    people    accumulated    at  honey. 

ide  streets.     As  a  last  remedj'  water  

rom  a  hydrant  was  made  to  play  on  FRANCE. 

be   bees,   which   took   leave   at   once,  ,.,     o       x-      .-       .       . 

„  J  1       ■                                     J  Wax  Secretion   Experiments, 
nd  business  was  resumed. 

Mention  was   made  some  time  ago 

Jungklaus    also    tells    how   a   young  of  experiments   made  by   Mr.   Sylviac 

roman    captured    a    swarm    of    bees,  and    others    to    determine    how    much 

eing  on  a  tramp,  she  found  a  swarm  honey   it   takes   to   make   a   pound    of 

f  bees  hanging  on  a  bush.     Wishing  wax.      The    process    followed    was    to 

3_  secure  it,   she   took  off  one   of  her  hive   a   swarm   and   weigh   the    combs 

kirts,   tied    up   one   end   and,   by   the  built  two  or  three  days  later;  the  sup- 

elp  of   sticks,   spread   it   out  in   such  position  being  that  the  honey  brought 

way_  that  sne  could  hive  the  swarm  from    the    parent    hive    was    approxi- 

ito     it.^      After     the     bees     had     all  mately  equal  to  the  amount  necessary 

lOved  in,  she   tied  up  the  other  end  to  produce  that  amount  of  wax,  since 

f   the    skirt    and      thus      carried    the  there   is   no   brood   to  raise   and   what 

warm  several    miles   to   her  home. —  few   bees    go    to    the    field    get   about 

"Well  done.")  enough  (probably)  to  keep  the  swarm 

—  alive. 

AUSTRALIA.  Recently,    in    reference   to    artificial 

swarming,  somebor.y  asked  how  much 

Bienen-Vater   tells    of   a    species    of  wax  a  bee  can  secrete  in  a  day,  or  how 

nts  found  in  Central  Australia  which  long  it  would  take  a  swarm  of  known 

athers  and  stores  honey.     The  stor-  strength  to  build  its  combs. 


254 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


December, 


In     answer     to     this     question,  Mr. 
Sylviac    quotes    the    following   experi- 


different   glands.      One   of  these   pro- 
duces   effects    similar   to    convulsions, 


ments,  which  were  made  at  the  time  the    other    effects    rather      similar   to 

for  the  purposes  above  mentioned:  those  of  morphine.     The  general  sub- 

1.  A  small  artificial  swarm  of  2,000  stance  of  the  venom   (beside  the  two; 
bees  fed  on  sugar,  built  66  grams  of  poisons   above    mentioned)     produces 
comb  in  three  days.     This  was  under  the  swelling  and  the  other  local  irri 
unfavorable      circumstances.        Cool  tation. 

weather  and  too  few  bees.  This  would       It  has  also  been  stated  that  while  a 

give    II    milligrams    per   bee    and   per  poison,  the  venom  is  useful  not  only 

day,  if  all  were  at  work  equally  well,  against    rheumatisms    but    also    some 

Deducting   200    bees    too    old   or    too  other  diseases.     To   apply  it   directly 

young,  or  otherwise  occupied,  give  li  from     living     bees     is     objectionable 

milligrams  and  a  fraction  instead  of  li.  though,  as  stated  in  a  previous  paper! 

(I    gram    equals    1,000    milligrams;    i  it  has  been  done  to  a  greater  extent , 

American  pound  of  16  ounces  equals  than  generally  supposed.     The  experl 

a  fraction  over  452  grams).  ments    made    now    have    in    view   th( 

2.  A  nucleus  of  300  bees  built  45  preparation  of  a  serum  to  be  injectedi 


grams   of   comb   in   eight   days  under 
a  temperature  rather  low. 


To  get  the  venom  the  bees  are  firs' 
chloroformed  and  the  stingers  pullet. 


3.     A  swarm  of  20,000  bees  usually    out,  sac  and  all,  one  by  one.    They  an 


builds  about  1,000  grams  of  comb 
during  the  four  first  days.  This  was 
the  usual  average  during  tne  afore- 
said experiments.     Usually  about  one- 


then  sold  to  the  druggists,  who  ex 
tract  the  venom  by  pressure  am 
chemical  action.  This  has  been  doH' 
on  a  small  scale  for  quite  a  numbe 


■ 


tenth  of  the  swarm  consists  of  drones]  of  years,  and  the  preparation  used  b; 
Another  proportion  of  bees  are  too  homeopathic  doctors  to  a  certain  ex 
young  or  too  old  to  secrete  an  appre-  tent.  There  may  be  a  source  of  rev 
ciable  quantity  of  wax.  Admitting  enue  for  the  bee-keepers  in  course  0 
15,000  bees,  we  would  have  an  aver-  time. — L'Apiculteur. 
age  of  nearly  17  milligrams  per  bee 
daily. 

4.     One  swarm  of  13,000  bees  prac- 


In  a  previous   number   of  the  Api 

culteur    a    correspondent   advised    th 

tically  without  drones  gave  100  grams   bee-keepers    who   use     the     DeLayen 

hive  to  spread  the  combs  so  the  quee 


i 


31 


in  a  day 

5.     One  exceptional  case  is  that  of    could  not  use  them  for  brood,  excep 
a  swarm  of  10,000  bees  nearly  without    oi  course,  those  reserved  for  that  pui 


drones  which  built  900  grams  of  comb 
in  three  days.  That  would  be  30  mil- 
ligrams a  day  for  each  bee,  if  all  had 
taken  part,  which  is  not  likely  to  be 
the  case.  None  of  the  other  experi- 
ments came  near  to  that. 


n 


pose.  It  turns  out  that  a  number  c 
bee-keepers  are  already  doing  thsi 
very  thing.  The  distance  from  cer 
ter  to  center  varies  between  42  an 
50  millimeters,  the  majority  of  thos 
who  reported  using  43.     (One  Amer: 


6.     Berlesh     is     quoted     as     having  can  foot  equals  305  millimeters.)  Se% 

met   an   exceptional   case  where   each  ^''al    had    tried    perforated      zinc,    bt 

bee    must    have    produced    0.57    gram  found  it  unsatisfactory, 

of  wax  per  day.    There  must  be  an  er-  (The    DeLayens    hive    is    what    w 

ror    somewhere.     Possibly    0.057    are  would  call  here  a  "Long-Ideal"  cha: 


meant.      Even    then    it    would    be    ex- 
cessive.— L'Apiculteur. 

Bee-Sting  Poison. 

The  question  of  the  composition  of 
bee  venom  is  still  going  on.  Wild 
bees  have  also  been  examined.  Mr. 
Langer,    P.    Bert,    Cloez   and    Phisalix 

^''ur^u'L^*  "^^^^^  ^^  seems  now  es-  the  end  of  the  frames  and  sometime 
tabhshed  that  the  "stinging"  proper-  at  one  of  the  small  sides;  the  frame 
of  the  vtnom  are  due  not  to  the  formic  being  then  what  we  would  ca 
acid  but  to  two  different  sub-  "across"  the  hive.  A  tight  divisio 
stances,    probably     secreted     by     two   board    is    used,    reducing  the    hive   t 


hive.  The  walls  and  cover  are  dot 
ble,  with  packing  between  the  tw 
walls.  It  is  a  one-story  hive,  havin 
from  15  to  as  much  as  20  combs.  Th 
combs  are  very  large;  sometime 
square,  sometimes  much  higher  tha 
long.  The  entrance  is  placed  some 
times  at  one  of  the  large  sides  facin 


k 


904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


255 


ix  or   eight   combs    for    the    winter,  low  figure.     The  worst  part  of  it,  its 

uring  the  flow,  it  is  moved  farther  sales    of    good    honey     considerably, 

nd  farther  as  new  combs  are  added,  of  the  apiarist  and  damage  his  future 

-L'Apiculteur.  sales    of    good    honey    considerably. 

Mr.  E.  Van  Hay  suggests  the  making 

A  German  apiarist  has  patented  an  of  vinegar  with  it  as  a  solution.  Dark 

ivention  consisting  of  making  foun-  honey,    even    from    honey    due,    will 

ation  with  very  thin  tin  passed  in  a  make   vinegar   as   good  as   any   appb 

oiler  and  coated  with  wax.     The  tin  vinegar   ever   made.     As   to   strength, 

sed  is  as  thin  as  paper  (it  takes   16  a   little   less   than    a   pound    of   honey 

heets  to  make  one  millimeter).     The  to  a  gallon  of  water  will  make  it  as 

fax  coating  is  very  light.    The  rollers  strong  as  the  best  apple  vinegar. — Le 

sed  to  make  it  are  of  steel,  ordinary  Bucher  Beige, 
nes  being  too  soft  to  work  tin.  Steps 
re  being  take  nto  have  the  invention 
atented    in    the    United    States.  —  L' 
k.piculteur. 


Germania,  Ark.,  Oct.  5,  1904. 
Editor  American  Bee-Keeper: 
Accept       thanks       for     giving     us 

' "Dutch"  article,  page  216-217.     I  have 

Reference   has   been  made   in  these    just  finished  reading  it. 
olumns    to   a   method   of   leaving  an       in   my   opinion   apicultural   periodi- 
pening     or     entrance     between     the    cals   might   do   worse   than  to   give   a 
rood    nest    and    the    surplus    depart-    little    closer    attention    to    this    funny 
lent.     Such  an  entrance  increases  the   side   of  the   bee  business. 


urplus  considerably.  A  correspon- 
ent  writes  that  the  process  has  also 
een  used  to  some  extent  in  Germany 
ith  good  results.  In  winter,  only 
le  lower  one  is  left  open.  In  sum- 
ler  both,  but  the  lower  one  is  par- 
ially  closed.  If  the  hive  has  more 
ban  two  stories,  each  nas  its  own  en- 
rance  open.  (This  must  apply  to  the 
Jerlepsch  hive,  which  is  composed  of 
everal  stories  tiered  one  upon  an- 
ther. All  these  experiments  with  top 
ntrances  are  in  reference  to  extract- 
d  honey.  How  it  would  work  with 
omb  honey  is  yet  to  be  seen.) — L,' 
Lpiculteur. 


With  many  thanks,  I  remain 
Respectfully, 
Dr.  L.  E.  Kerr. 


CONVENTION  NOTICE. 


BELGIUM 

^ut^^""}]^^  ?.^^^.^  ^^^  ^  department  Zu  Fn  "this   meeting. 

Monthly    York    m    the    Apiary.'  D    l.  Woods,  Secretary 

or_  September   the   followmg  advice  Muncy,  Pa 

given :  '        '_ 

See  that  every  colony  has  a  queen 
See   that    there    is    enough   bees    to 


The  Pennsylvania  State  Bee-Keep- 
ers' Association  will  hold  its  fall  con- 
vention in  Harrisburg  on  Tuesday 
and  Wednesday,  December  6th  and 
7th,  1904.  An  excellent  program  has 
been  arranged.  Many  subjects  of 
vital  interest  will  be  ably  presented. 
General  Manager  N.  E.  France,  of  the 
National  Bee-Keepers'  Association, 
will  be  present,  as  well  as  other  prom- 
inent bee-keepers.  Every  bee-keeper 
in   Pennsylvania  should  interest  him- 


STOLE  A  BEE  HIVE. 


over  seven   or   eight   frames,   chiefly  Thief  Took  Not  Only  the  Honey,  but 

oung  bees,      (ihe    European  frames  ...1.     -d          t, 

re  all  larger  than  ours).  ^^^  ^^^^'  ^°^- 

See  that  each  colony  has  from  30  to  At    the    home    of    James    Miley,    of 

pounds  of  honey.  Glenloch,     Pa.,     a     thief     took     long 

Replace  all   queens  three  years  old  chances,    says    a     West    Chester,  Pa., 

r  more.      _  paper.      Mr.    Miley   has    a   number   of 

Further   instruction  are   given   con-  hives  of  bees,  and  during  the  night  the 
erning    feeding,    uniting    weak    col-  thief  stole   swarm,   hive,   and     honey, 
nies,  etc.  carried  them  half  a  mile,  broke  open 
the    hive,    and    secured    the    bees    and 

Dark  and  inferior  honey  is  to  manj'-  fifty  pounds  of  honey, 

piarists    a    serious    drawback.      It    is  Mr.   Miley  ofifers   a   reward   for  the 

ifficult  to  sell,  and  if  sold,  it  is  at  a  detection  of  the  thief. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


December 


Following  the  campaign  of  educa 
tion,  projected  by  the  National  Bee- 
Keepers'  Association,  better  days  foi 
the  honey  producer  are  anticipated 
God  speed  the  days. 


PUBLISHED  MONTHLY. 

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Relating  to  Mr.  Poppleton's  article 
in  a  recent  number  of  The  Bee-Keeper, 
Dr.  Miller,  in  Gleanings  makes  this 
pertinent  comment:  "Might  be  rather 
severe  to  say  so,  but  it  looks  as  if  the 
man  who  puts  on  the  market  some  of 
the  unripe  stuff  to  be  found  there  is 
not  only  dishonest  but  a  fool  as  well 
to  spoil  his  market  without  any  com- 
pensating gain."  And  the  Doctor 
spake  wisely. 


The  publishers  and  the  editor  o 
The  Bee-Keeper  unite  in  extending  t( 
each  reader  sincere  wishes  for  a  Merr; 
Christmas  and  a  Happy  New  Yeai 
Nor  do  our  well-wishes  end  with  th 
festive  season;  they  include  the  saf 
wintering  of  the  bees  and  a  bount: 
ful  harvest  for  the  year  to  come. 


J.  A.  Green  advises  Gleanings  reac 
ers  that,  at  least,  one  confectione 
makes  use  of  dark  comb  honey  in  tli 
manufacture  of  high-grade  candie 
The  wax,  it  appears,  enters  also  int 
the  composition  of  the  confection,  i 
order  to  give  the  "standing  uf 
quality,  a  la  Dr.  Walker,  in  Ladie; 
Home  Journal,  with  regard  to  tl 
paraffine  caramel,  etc. 


Bee  paralysis  is  a  subject  the  n 
vestigation  of  which  has  already  bee 
undertaken  by  the  National  Depar 
ment  of  Agriculture,  at  Washingto 
Special  Agent  in  Apiculture  John  I 
Rankin  is  in  pursuit  of  informatic 
relative  to  this  particular  malady,  ar 
bee-keepers  in  infested  districts  w 
pray  that  his  efforts  may  bear  frui 
Though  less  virulent,  paralysis 
more  mysterious  than  foul  brood. 


It  apears  that  many  who  write  f 
publication  absolutely  decline  to  hee 
the  oft-repeated  request  that  such  U 
ters  be  written  on  but  one  side  of  tl 
paper.  We  have  a  quantity 
material,  some  of  which  contains  gO( 
ideas,  on  hand  awaiting  an  opportur 
ty  to  rewrite  it  so  that  it  may  1 
used.  If  wp  get  the  time  to  do  so,  \ 
shall  make  use  of  it;  if  not,  it  cann< 
be  published.  It  seems  strange  th 
writers  should  be  so  heedless  of  tl: 
simple  requirement. 


Slanderous  and  insulting  remar 
directed  at  one's  opponent  in  discu 
sion  tend  ra-ther  to  detract  from,  th; 
to  enhance  the  force  of  argument, 
our  object  is  to  influence  thinkii 
minds,  our  argument  should  be  clot 
ed  in  courteous  and  respectf 
language.  To  wound  the  feelings 
an    opponent    is    no    victory    for    tl 


[904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


luthor  of  the. insult.     Language  may    advice   freely   abound. 
K'    at    once,    forceful    and    respectful. 
Some    of    our    correspondents    might 
-proht  by  this  suggestion. 


Some  bee-keepers  manage  to  get 
ilong  without  the  expense  of  a  bee 
paper.  It  may  be  economy  to  do  so, 
)ut  a  reading  of  Mr.  Johnson's  article, 
'Convention  Echoes,"  in  this  number. 


257 

Swarthmore's 
enterprise  is  the  kind  that  wins — it's 
the  kind  that  has  faith  for  its  backing 
and  the  modern  business  tact  and 
pluck  to  proclaim  that  faith  to  the 
world. 


HANDLING  Bii^ESWAX. 


The  Australasian  Bee-Keeper  recent- 

eads  one  to  surmise  that  it  is   False  ly  offered  a  prize  for  the  best  article 

Economy,  and  not  the  kind  that  aids  on  "How  I  Would  Deal  with  Cappings 

uccess.     The    loss    of   two    cents    per  to  Produce  Clear  Yellow  Wax."  The 

pound   on    12,000  pounds  of  honey,  as  various   replies  offered  in  competition 

esult  of  the  producer  not  having  kept  are  quite  interesting, 

[liniself       informed,       represents        an  Several  competitors  advocate  strain- 

imount  sutlicient  to  pay  for  every  bee  ing  the  wax  through  thin  cloth  mate- 

iournal  published  in  the  United  States  rial  as  a  means  of  removing  specks  of 

or  a  period  of  forty-eight  years.  dirt,   etc.      The   articles    appear   to   be 

■                      •  written  by  experienced  apiarists,  and 

A     particularly     noteworthy     para-  this  journal   is   therefore   led   to   won- 

p-aph  in  the  article  of  1\.t.  Spanswich,  der   if  any   of  our   American   experts 

n   this    number,   is    that   in   which    he  practice    this    straining      process.      In 

leclines    to   believe    that    Mr.    Benton  our  experience,  or  rather  observation, 

landles  bees  without  a  veil.  Our  es-  the  straining  of  beeswax  has  been  con- 

:eemed    British    correspondent    might  fined  to  some  kitchen,  and  the  opera- 

)e    surprised    to    learn    that,    perhaps,  tor   has   invariably   been   an   operator- 

±e   majority   of   American   specialists  ess  (?).     However,  we  think  the  plan 

lo  not  use  a  veil  or  other  protection  a  useless  one,  as  well  as  wasteful.     If 

5ver  the  face  at  all.     The  writer  has  a   body   of  melted   wax   is    kept   at    a 

nanipulated    several    thousand    colon-  high  temperature  without  being  in  any 

es  during  the  past  twelve  years,  and  ^^y  agitated,   all   particles   of  foreign 

luring   that   period   has   never  used   a  j^^tter  that  could  be  strained  out,  may 

/eil-wouldn  t  be   bothered  with  such  be    skimmed    from    the    upper   surface 

thing    under    any    ordinary    circum-  before   cooling,  or  removed  from   the 

itances.       Cyprians  are  the  only  race  bottom  of  the  cake  after. 
jr  strain  of  bees  the  handling  of  which 


ieemed  to  demand  face  protection. 
With  them  a  cast-iron  coat  of  mail  is 
lardly  adequate  to  the  demands. 


Following  are  some  of  the  notewor- 
thy ideas  of  our  Australian  brethren: 
''Light-colored  honey  makes  light- 
colored  wax,  and  the  darker  the  honey 
the  deeper  yellow  is  the  wax  obtained. 
Yet    I    have    never    seen    light-colored 


"Increase"  is  the  title  of  a  handsome 
jrochure   recently  received  at  this  of-  1  .   •       ,  r  ,  , 

ke.     It    is    printed    and   published   by  wax  obtained  from  brood  combs. 

:he     author,     Mr.     E.     L.     Pratt,     of  ^  ^^       variation  in  the  color  of  dif- 

'Swarthmore"  fame,  and  it  is  exactly  [^^^^}    swarms    of   bees    of    the    same 

n  line  with  the  "Swarthmore"  style  of  ^^^^'^    ^^^    ^^    observed    when    they 

Inino-  tlnincrc "rlr,np  „r^  Krr^„„•,  "     xv,^  cousume    the    samc    kind    of    food    in 


making   it,   just   as    the   butter   varies 
slightly  when  made  from  the  milk  of 


ioing  things — "done  up  brown."  The 
swarthmore  outfit  has  achieved  more 
:han  national  prominence  of  late, 
several  awards  of  the  highest  order  <^°ws  of  the  same  breed  and  fed  alike." 
'^  lave  been  won  in  European  competi-  Somewhat  upon  the  same  line,  an- 
ions by  Mr.  Pratt's  noted  strain  of  other  writer  observes:  "You  may 
)ees,  while  his  ingenious  queen-rear-  deal  with  cappings  in  the  most  up-to- 
ng  devices  are  obviously  in  the  lead  date,  scientific  methods  and  still  fail 
ilmost  the  world  over.  The  little  to  produce  a  clear  yellow  wax,  be- 
)Ook  is  executed  in  a  highly  artistic  cause  it  is  only  where  the  honey  is 
ityle,  with  several  beautiful  photo-  procured  from  certain  plants  and  trees 
graphic  reproductions  of  a  tone  which  that  it  is  possible  to  have  a  clear  yel- 
larmonizes  beautifully  with  the  stock  low  wax."  He  then  proceeds  to  name 
ipon  which  they  are  printed,  and  nug-  a  list  of  nectar-yielding  plants  and 
:ets  of  wisdom,  philosophy  and  good  trees   during   a   flow   from   which    the 


258 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


December, 


wax  secreted  will  be  from  bright  yel-  teresting  information.  Since  the  api 
low  to  a  bronze  or  dirty  yellow  color,  pearance  of  Mr.  Benton's  article  iri 
He  further  suggests  that  all  waste  our  October  number  we  have  receivj 
wax  may  be  brought  to  a  uniform  ed  numerous  comments,  aggregating 
color  by  mixing  two-thirds  of  the  nearly  one  hundred  pages  of  manu 
"worst"  with  one-eighth  of  the  "best."  script  together  with  lots  of  letters  froii' 
those    who    have    tested    this    race   o 

^■r ■, r- r- ^.  -n-n-r-T^ T^TKir-  TKj  -m  r\-DTr\\     bees.      It    is    sincerely    regretted    tha 
QUEEN  BREEDING  IN  FLORIDA.  ^^^^  ^^  ^^-^     ^^^^^^^     ^^-^^  ^^   -^ 

The  Florida  Agriculturist,  one  of  somewhat  vindictive  tone,  is  neces 
the  best  agricultural  journals  in  the  warily  excluded  from  the  columns  o 
South,  by  the  way,  reproduces  from  The  Bee-Keeper.  It  is  apparent,  how 
our  last  issue  Mr.  Reeves'  article  in  re-  ever,  that  there  are  two  sides  to  th 
gard  to  the  obstacles  with  which  matter,  and  when  our  correspondent 
queen  rearing  is  attended  in  parts  of  can  bring  themselves  to  exclude  per 
i^lorida,  and  asks  its  readers  whether  sonal  spite  and  disrespectful  languag 
they    have    had   a    similar    experience,    from   their   writings,   both    sides   ma, 

be  heard. 

In  view  of  the  limited  space  afford  „ 


saying,    "In    this    section      (DeLand) 
bees  do  very  well."  The  Agriculturist 


says  it  seems  strange  that  The  Amer-    ed   by   a  journal   of   the   size   of   Th 


Bee-Keeper,    it    should    be    borne    i 
mind  by  contributors  that  it  is  absc 


ican  Bee-Keeper  should  publish  such 
an  article  without  comment. 

To  those  who  have  not  practiced  l^'tely  impossible  for  us  to  use  art: 
queen  rearing  in  Florida  it  may  seem  cles  of  great  length  in  these  co. 
strange  that  no  "comment"  was  made.  umns.  It  is  our  wish  to  assist  in  th 
The  reason,  however,  that  comment  development  of  truth  that  will  ai 
was  omitted,  is  because  we  beleve  Mr.  the  cause  of  apiculture,  but  it  is  iir 
Pratt's  conclusions  were  wise  and  that  portant  that  arguments  should  cor 
the  teachings  of  the  article  in  ques-  form  to  the  limit  of  our  facilities, 
tion  are  as  true  as  gospel.  This  jour-  To  insure  publication  without  ur 
nal  has  repeatedly  affirmed  that  queen  due  delay,  the  correspondent  shoul 
rearing  in  Florida  was  attended  with  be  as  brief  as  possible  and  always  re 
more    drawbacks    and    obstacles    than   spectful  towards  his  opponent. 

are  likely  to  be  met  anywhere  else  in  

America.  The  writer  has  been  to 
some  extent  engaged  in  queen  rearing 
in  northern  states;  in  Cuba,  California 
and  Canada,  and  we  believe  queens 
may  be   reared   thirty     to     fifty     per 


WHERE  ARE  THE  STRAW 
"SKEPS?" 

It  will  be  noted  that  elsewhere  in  th 
cent    cheaper   in    any   of   these    places    number  of  The  Bee-Keeper  Dr.  Big, 


than  in  Florida. 

In  certain  localities  the  ants  and 
dragon  flies  are  so  bad  as  to  practically 

preclude  the  possibility  of  successful  is  not  improbable  that  some  isolatf 
queen  rearing  upon  a  commercial  specimens  may  be  in  existence  i 
scale. 

Florida  has  many  advantages  to  of- 
fer, in  divers  ways.  Some  sections 
afford  excellent  opportLinities  for  suc- 
cessful honey  production;  but  the  fact 

that  "bees   do   well"  in   some   sections    any  old-fashioned  straw  "skeps"  mi 
does    not    necessarily    imply    that    the   be   had    we    shall    be    pleased   to   hcE 
conditions      essential      for      successful    from  them. 
queen  rearing  obtain  to  a  satisfactory 
degree. 


low  asks  "where  in  this  country  stra 
hives  are  in  use?"  The  answer,  ui 
doubtedly,    is,    nowhere.     However, 


America;  and  the  editor  of  The  Be 
Keeper  has  asked  before  if  anyoi 
knew  where  one  might  be  obtaine 
and  no  response  was  received 

If  any  of  our  readers  know  whe: 


PUNIC,  OR  TUNISIAN  BEES. 

The  discussion  in  regard  to  the  mer- 
its of  Tunisian  bees  now  going  on  in 
these  columns  promises  to  develop  in- 


Let's  hear  from  the  Ge 
mans  of  our  circle.  They  must  ha^ 
inside  information  in  regard  to  thei 
relics  of  bygone  days,  and  the  writ 
would  be  proud  to  possess  an  ol 
st^aw  hive 


Have  you  a  neighbor  who  does  nc 
take  The  Bee-Keeper? 


go4. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


259 


ENCOURAGING  REPORTS.  ter  and  had  called  to  buy  more,  and 

am  glad  that  we  were  able  to  fit  him 
The    following   selections    from  our    Qyj  ■^{tYi  a  new  lot. 


orrespondence  should  prove  of  in- 
erest  to  advertisers  who  desire  to 
xpand  their  trade  during  the  coming 
ear.  The  only  way  to  develop  a 
rofitable   business,   these   days,   is   to 

0  good  advertising  and  back  up 
ood  advertising  with  good  stock, 
'here  is  certainly  no  advertising  me- 
ium  in  the  field  which  can  give  its 
atrons  better  value  than  The  Amer- 
:an  Bee-Keeper.  We  have  received 
undreds  of  favorable  letters  from  our 
dvertisers,  and  the  writer  knows  of 
ut  one  single  complaint;  and  this 
ame  from  a  twenty-five  cent  adver- 
?ement,  mserted  once.  It  is  stated 
y  this  patron  that  he  received  only 
.venty  cents  as  a  result  of  this  pub- 
city  campaign. 

It  is  hard  to  sell  anything  that  the 
ublic  don't  want;  but  if  anj^  reader  of 

he  Bee-Keeper  has  a  commodity  to 
fifer  which  will  appeal  to  bee-keep- 
rs,  he   will   find   no   medium   through 

hich   greater  results  may  be  secured 

1  proportion  to  the  investment,  than 
he  American  Bee-Keeper;  and  con- 
tant  advertising  is  the  very  back- 
one  of  business   success. 

The  Bee-Keeper,  next  month,  will 
tart  upon  its  fifteenth  year,  and  in 
ddition  to  assisting  bee-keepers  to 
le  greatest  possible  extent  through 
s  columns  of  text  and  pictures,  it 
ffers  also  to  help  them  through  its 
dvertising  columns,  at  reasonable 
ites,  to  develop  active  business  in 
ales. 

The  Bee-Keeper  circulates  in  ev- 
ry  civilized   country   on  earth: 


Fraternally  yours, 

"Swarthmore." 

Hutchins,  Pa.,  Oct.  20,  1904. 
The  W.  T.  Falconer  Co. 

Please  find  enclosed  75  cents  to  ap- 
ply on  my  subscription  account  for 
The  American  Bee-Keeper,  and  con- 
tinue to  send  it.  It  is  worth  its  weight 
in  gold.  Yours  truly, 

Harry  Jury. 


Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Nov.  10,  1904. 
Editor  Bee-Keeper: 

I  appreciate  your  journal  verj^  much 
and   often   quote   from  it. 

T.  J.  Tanner, 
Editor    Rural    World. 

Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  i,  1904. 
The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  Co., 
Jamestown,  N.  Y. 
Gentlemen: — I  sent  for  a  sample 
copy  of  The  American  Bee-Keeper, 
which  was  duly  received.  I  notice 
under  the  heading,  "Bees  Our 
Theme,"  "'This  journal  cuts  out  'kin- 
dred topics,"  'home  departments,'  and 
all  other  side  shows.  We  are  running 
a  bee  journal  solely  and  exclusively." 
Hence  my  subscription.  You  ought 
to  print  this  motto  in  good  big  letters 
on  the  title  page.  For  one,  I  do  not 
care  for  politics,  religion,  baseball  and 
bees  all  out  of  one  paper. 

Respectfully  yours, 

L.  S.  Chapman. 


Swarthmore,  Pa.,  Nov.  5,  1904. 
ditor  Bee-Keeper: 

I  enjoy  The  Bee-Keeper,  every  num-    ,  , 

-.  and  read  it  irom  cover  to  cover    *?  "/'  ^l  ^^  ^^."  *^?^^  several  good 


Bellevue,  Ohio,  Nov.  9,  1904. 
Editor  Bee-Keeper: 

Our   card   in  your   Queen-Breeders' 
Directory   has   been    very   satisfactory 


sized  orders  to  inquiries  coming  from 
this   source.  Yours  truly, 

Quirin,  the  Queen-Breeder. 


-advertisements  and  all.  There  are 
?veral  features  in  your  journal  each 
f  which  are  worth  ihe  subscription 
rice  to  any  bee-keeper.  I  have  had 
small  advertisement  in  your  Breed-  Spring  Hill,  Tenn.,  Nov.  8,  1904. 

rs'  Column  and  am  constantly  receiv-  I'Mitor  Bee-Keeper- 
ig  inquiries  and  making  sales  as  a  My  advertisement  in  your  Queen- 
-^sult.  I  bring  to  mind  a  direct  sale  Breeders'  Directory  has  been  so  sat- 
f  considerable  size  early  this  spring,  isfactory  that  I  desire  to  continue  it. 
hen  the  customer  drew  forth  The  Please  also  extend  my  subscription  for 
merican  Bee-Keeper  from  which  lie  five  years  from  expiration  of  present 
ad  obtained   my   address.     The   gen-    term.  Yours  trulv, 

eman  had  lost  all  his  bees  that  win-  John   M.'  Davis. 


26o 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Decembe 


Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Nov.  8,  1904. 
Editor   Bee-Keeper: 

We  wish  to  say  that  our  advertise- 
ment in  your  Queen-Breeders'  Direc- 
tory has  done  us  a  great  deal  of  good, 
and  we  enclose  change  of  copy  for 
same,  as  we  desire  to  continue  it. 
Fraternally  yours. 
The  Fred  W.  Muth  Company. 


Morgan,  Ky.,  Nov.  8,  1904. 
Editor    Bee-Keeper: 

I  think  that  my  card  in  your  Queen- 
Breeders'  Directory  has  given  very 
good  results,  and  I  want  it  continued 
through  1905,  and  also  want  The 
American  Bee-Keeper  for  next  year. 
Very  truly, 

J.  P.  Moore. 


ters  of  fiction  will  form  part  of  the  contents 
the   new  volume  for  1905. 

Full  Illustrated  Announcement  describir 
the  principal  features  of  The  Companion's  ne 
volume  for  1905  will  be  sent  with  sample  copl 
of  the  paper  to  any  address  free. 

The  new  subscriber  who  sends  $1.75  now  i 
a  year's  subscription  to  The  Companion  r 
ceives  free  all  the  issues  of  The  Companit 
for  the  remaining-  weeks  of  1904,  also  Tl 
Companion  "Carnations"  Calendar  for  19( 
lithographed    in   twelve    colors    and    gold. 

THE  YOUTH'S  COMPANION, 
144  Berkeley  Street,  Boston,  Mas- 


Dresden,  Germany,  Oct.  4,  1904. 
Editor  American  Bee-Keeper: 

I  am  well  pleased  with  the  numbers 
of  The  Bee-Keeper  received,  and  in 
addition  to  former  remittance  am 
sending  today  money  order  for  back 
numbers  for  1902  and  1903,  and  also 
cash  to  cover  subscription  for  1905. 
Yours  truly, 

Wm.   Hesse. 


NATURE  OF  FOODS. 


Paste  this  in  your  cook  book,  and 
you  will  never  be  at  a  loss  to  know 
what  constitutes  a  well-balanced  meal: 

Tissue  and  muscle  builders — Milk, 
eggs,  lean  meats,  whole  wheat,  peas, 
beans,  potatoes,  cabbage  and  onions. 

Fat,  heat  and  energy  producers — 
Cream,  butter,  starch,  sugar,  honey, 
fats  of  meat  and  vegetable  oils. 

Brain  foods — Fruits,  fish,  eggs, 
game,  cheese,  oysters,  lobsters  and 
potatoes. 

Blanched  almonds  and  walnuts,  to- 
matoes, juicy  fruits,  prunes  and  figs 
all  contain  brain  food. — Nebraska 
Farmer. 


Tlie   "Youtli's  Companion  in    1905. 

It  is  impossible  even  to  summarize  in  a  sin- 
gle paragraph  the  many  and  varied  attractions 
which  The  Youth's  Companion  announces  for 
the  coming  year. 

A  series  of  articles  planned  to  interest  espe- 
cially the  forty-five  millions  of  Americans  who 
look  directly  to  the  so.,  for  their  subsistence 
will  treat  of  "New  Fields  for  Young  l-armers," 
"The  Sanitation  of  the  Farm,"  "The  Future  of 
American  Cotton,"  "How  to  Make  Money  on 
the  Farm,"  etc. 

Seven  serial  stories  and  250  short  stories  by 
the  most  talented   and   popular  American  wri- 


HONEY  AND   BEES'WAX 
MARKET. 

Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Oct.  28. — There  is  a  mat 
ed  improvement  in  the  demand  for  comb  ho 
ey  since  our  last  quotations.  No  mater: 
change  in  extracted  honey  market.  We  cc 
tinue  to  quote  white  clover  extracted,  in  be 
rels  and  cans,  at  7  to  8%c.  Amber,  in  ba 
rels,  5  to  6c.  Fancy  white  clover  con: 
14    to    15c.      Beeswax,    28c. 

The   Fred   W.    Muth   Co. 

51  Walnut  St. 


Denver,  Oct.  26. — Supply  of  honey  is  amj 
to  meet  local  demand.  The  demand  is  lig! 
We  quote  our  market  today  as  follows:  K 
1  white,  $2.50  per  case  (24  sections).  No. 
$2.25  per  case.  Extracted,  6  3-4  to  T^c.  Be. 
wax,    22    to    25c. 

Colorado   Honey   Producers'   Association 

1440   Market   Street. 


Boston,  Oct.  24. — We  are  pleased  to  note 
increased  demand  for  honey  which,  with  t 
comparatively  light  receipts,  makes  prit 
firm.  We  quote  fancy  white  comb,  16  to  1 
No.  1,  16c.,  with  but  little  No.  2i  on  hand 
to  be  had.  Extracted  light  amber,  7  to  8c. 
Blake.    Scott    &    Lee 


Chicago,  Nov.  7. — There  is  not  demand  s 
ficient  to  take  the  receipts;  hence  are  aci 
mulating.  Especially  is  this  true  of  oflf  grad 
Fancy  white  clover  comb  brings  14c. ;  oth 
No.  1  to  fancy  white,  12i/ic.  to  13c.  Off  grad 
Ic.  to  2c.  less.  Amber,  10c.  to  12c.  Extract 
white,  61/2  to  7c.  Amber,  6c.  to  7c.  All 
the  foregoing  is  governed  by  quality,  flai 
and  kind  of  package.  Beeswax,  28c.  to  3 
per  pound.  R.    A.    Burnett   &   Co 

199  South  Water  Street. 


La  Compania 
Manufacturera  Americana 

ofrece  los  mas  reducidos  precios  en  t 
da  clase  de  articulos  para  Apicultore 
Nuestra  Fabrica  es  una  de  las  nv 
erandes  y  mas  antippjas  de  Americ 
Especialidad  en  Colmenas,  Ahumadorl 
para  Colmenas,  Extractores,  etc.  I 
ventores  y  perfeccionadores  de  muchi 
irticulos  de  suma  utilidad  en  la  Apict 
tnra.  Enviamos  gratis  nuestro  catalof 
r  precios  a  quienes  lo  soHcitcn.  Dirij 

THE  AMERICAN  MFG.  CO., 
Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  E.  U.  A. 


)04. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 

INL  EX  TO  VOLUME  XIV,  A.  D.  1904. 


261 


SUBJECTS. 

n  Amateur's  Question, 

piarian   Patents,   Recent, 

Great  Sufferer, 

n  April  Morning 

re  You  Mad? 

dvertising    Honey, 

dvice  for  the  Novice 

Picture  Wanted 

nts  and  Bees, 

nother    Bee-Keepers'    Society 

Popular   Fallacy, 

utumn  Honey   Plants, 

ncient  Bee  Lore, 

n  Open  Air  Colony, 

dvance  of   Apiculture,   The, 

New    National    Organization, 

dvantage  of  Strong  Colonies 

rtificial  Pollen, 

nticipated  Swarming, 113, 

Big  Bee  Tree, 

eeswax 

ec'S  in  the  Green  House 

ee   Stings   for   Rheumatism, 

e  Humbug 

rood  Frames. 

sedom  at  Home  and  Abroad 

ses  and  Ants, 

e  Notes 

ack  Bees 

5e   Paralysis— What's  the  Cause?   ..    ..63, 

ee  Space  Over  Frames, 

ee-keepers  Too  Previous 

uckwheat 

ees  Our  Theme, 

ees, 

ees   Killed  Horses, 

est   Honey   Gatherers,    The, 

all   of  Bees  with   Queen, 

ees  on  the  Farm, 

acterja, 

ee   as   a    Sign    Painter, '. 

ritish   Honduras,    Report    from,    

ees   Make   Record 

ee  Journals  of  the  World, 

licago-Northwestem    Convention,    . .     . . 

Countrified," 

onsult  the  Records, 

ireless  Handling  Results  in  Low  Prices, 

smb   Building, 

lunk  Honey 

m  We  Get  More  for  Our  Honey?   ..    .. 

alifomia   Letter, 

yprians  are  Vicious 

yprians  and  Other  Races 

utting  a  Bee  Tree 

Dmpressed  Cell  Cups,  Cleaning  and  Pro- 
tecting  

:otton"   Hive,  The 

n   Bees   Rear  Drone   Brood  from   Eggs 

Laid  in  Worker  Cells? 

omb-building     in     Shallow     and      Deep 

Frames, 

omb  Honey  Not  Manufactured 

uban  Competition, . . 

nvention  Echoes, 

on't  Burden  Your  Brain, 

read  Enemy  of  the  Florida  Bee,  A,  . .   . . 

artmoor  Honejr    

eath  of  Capt.   Hetherington, 

ickel  Theory,  The 34,  77, 

eacon  Hardscrabble  Dead, 

eacon    Hardscrabble,    The    Late,    ..     .. 
eclining  Lumber  Supply,  The 


21 

22 

59 

67 

105 

.127 

140 

153 

168 

172 

197 

19S 

19^) 

207 

214 

234 

75 

10 

151 

249 

4 

231 
5 

18 

20 

28 

44 

54 

104 

143 

208 

.21 

195 

173 

174 

9 

95 

143 

160 

251 

225 

209 

237 

10 

175 

223 

224 

1 

47 

55 

88 

95 

115 

127 

135 
135 


166 

1.58 

162 

170 

244 

18 

43 

36 

42 

91 

81 

149 

217 


Eucalyptus  Robusta, 19 

■  Extracted  Honey," IJ 

End    Staples    in    Brood    Frames, 61 

English    Bees   in   India, 182 

Editorial   Shears,    The,    ......    ..    ..    ..  173 

Formalin  Gas  for  Foul  Brood,  ....      11,  24,  50 

Foul   Brood  in  the  Apiary, 24 

Foul   Brood 246 

Frames,  Shallow  and  JJeep 30 

Flies,  Not  Bees, 73 

Fermenting   Honey, 94 

Frame  Spacing % 

Forming  Nuclei, no 

First   Civil    Service   Examination    in    Api- 
culture   214 

Florida  Not  a  Queen  Breeders'   El  Dora- 
do,    221 

General  Notes % 

Goozenheimer    und    the    Bee    Cure 216 

Hamilton     County     (Ohio)     Bee-Keepers' 

Association 13,  229 

Hardscrabble  Letter, '  36 

Honey  Comb, 71 

Hive  Construction 92 

Henry  Alley  Takes  a  Bride, 126 

Hive   Ventilation, 155 

Hardscrabble  Interviewed 188 

Home-made    Queen    Rearing    Devices,    ..  199 

Handling  Swarms, 208 

Hardscrabble  Letter,  No.  2, 209 

Harvesting   Bee   Stings,    .. 215 

Hardscrabble    Letter    No.    3, 229 

Handling  Beeswax, 257 

H.   C.   Morehouse  Dead 195 

Honey    Plants, 118 

Is   Honey  Strained   or  Extracted? 20 

Improved    Queen    Rearing, 95 

Irish  Bee  Guide,  The, 148 

Jefferson   County   (New   York)   Bee-Keep- 
ers'   Society 42 

Keeping"  Swarms   Separate 142 

"Karo   Kom"   vs.    the   Real  Thing,    ..    ..  172 

Keeping  Down  an  j^xcess  of  Pollen 209 

Large    Honey    Crops 8 

Laying  Workers 53,  184 

Let  the   Honey  Get   Ripe, 148 

Look    Upon    this    Picture,    and    Then    on 

This 236 

Lenkoran  or  Persian  Bees, 225 

Milk  and  Honey  Farm 6 

Mysterious   Act,    A 7 

Must   Honey  Take  a  Back   Seat? 42 

Manipulation, 48 

Mosquito  Hawks, 95 

Mr.   Theilmann  Dead, 151 

More    Than    100,000    Bees   Were    Killed,    ..  249 

Migratory    Bee-Keeping  in   Florida,    . .    . .  1176 

Mating  of  the  Queen 184 

New  Apiarian   Invention, 18 

New    York    State    Institutes, 22 

National    Bee-Keepers'    Association,    . .    . . 

35,  .^7,  162,  190 

National   Election,   The, 42 

New  York  Apiary,  A, 45 

New  Zealand,  Apiarian  Conditions  in,  70 

New   Inventions, 96 

No  Punic   Bees  in  Algeria 137 

National    Convention,    The 188 

Notice  to  Foreign  Patrons, 191 

Notes  in  General, 208 

National    Nominations, 236 

Noteworthy    Thaw    in    Missouri, 63 

Notes    and    Comments    from    the    French,  230 

Ohio's  New   Foul   Brood  Bill, 32 

Observation  Hive,  A, 88  , 


262 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


December 


One  Boy  cm  the  Faxm, 

Orange  Blossoms  as  a  Nectar  Yielder, 
The, 132.    133, 

Orange  Blossom  Honey, 

Observation  Hives, 

Orange   Blossom   Honey  Scarce, 

Pennsylvania  State  Bee-Keepers'  Associa- 
tion      

Prince    of    American    Bee- Keepers 

Pushing,  Plucky  and  Progressive  Bee- 
Keepers, 

Prevention  of  Increase, 

Pennsylvania   State   Association, 

"Pat"   Still  in  Cuba, 

Punic  Bees 

Position   of   Entrances 

Phacelia  Tanacetifolia, 

Phacelia  as  a  Forage  Plant 138, 

Poisoned  by  Honey, 

Preparing  Barrels  for  Honey, 

Queen   Rearing 3, 

Queen    Hunting   Expedition,   A, 

Quilts   for  Hives, 

Queen   Breeding  in  Florida,    ..    .' 

Queen    Restrainer,    A, 

Removing   Sections  from   the   Super,    ..    .. 

Refuse   Beet  Sugar  for   Bees 

Rural    Bee-Keeper,    The, 

Rocky  Mountain   Beef  Journal  Sold,    ..    .. 

Regarding  the   Deacon, 

Remarkable  Incident, 

Report  for  1904 

Relating  to  Swarms, 

Sectional  Hives, 

Selling  Extracted  Honey  in  the  Local 
Market, 

Selfishness   of   Bees, 

Shall   We  Advance? 

Small    Packages  for   Extracted   Honey,    . . 

St.  Croix  Valley  Honey  Producers'  Asso- 
ciation,     

Sulphur   Cure  for  Bee  Paralysis 

Sugar   Feeding   Denounced, 

Swarming   Observations, 

Shallow   Frames   Best 

Success  and    Failure, 

Scientists  from  Abroad, 

Still  Advancing, 

Shallow   vs.   Deep   Frame   Controversy,    . . 

Shallow  Hive  Defended, 

Treatment  of  Foul  Brood, 

That  Frame  of  Foundation, 

The  Future, 

The   Making  of  the   Queen   Bee 

The  War  Horse 

This   is   a   Puzzle 

The  Old  Wiley  Pleasantry, 

Two   Florida  Nectar  Yielders, 

The  Deacon's   Message, 

Tunisian,   or   So-Called   "Punic"   Bees,    . . 

The  Season, 

The   Best    Bee 

That  Puzzle, 

That    Drone   in    Worker    Cell 

Uncapping  Device,   An, 

Uniting    for    the    Honey    Flow,    

Value  of  Apiculture  in  America, 

Wiring  Brood  Frames,   .. 

Winter   in   Colorado, 

What  are  Legitimate  Lines  of  Work?  .... 

Wiltshire  Ballad 

W.  L.  Coggshall  in  Florida, 

Wax    Production    in    Argentina 

Wintering,  Results  of  Some  Experimenting 


Western    Illinois    Convention, 

Wiring  Frames, 

Wintering  Experiments,   . .    . 


96    What    Constitutes   a   Good    Queen?    ..    ..  1& 

Where  Are  the   Straw    "Skeps?" 25! 

149    Where   they    Get    Orange    Bloom    Honey,  19. 

157    We're  Not  the  "Only  Pebble," 23i 

170  J  ,  ^ 

183  THE  BEE-KEEPING  WORLD. 

Notes  from  Germany,  15,  37,  57,  78,  98,  119,  122 

145,  167,  191,  210,  232,  252. 

Turkey 15,  14 

Austria,  16,  120,  146,  168,  192,  212 

232,  253. 

British    Honduras, 1 

Switzerland,    38,    58     98,    146,    16' 

192.  201. 

Italy, 37,    58,    80,    10 

'laamania, 3 

England,    ..  38,   119,   191,    212,   23 

Australia 38,  26 

Belgium,   40,   78,   99,  120;  145,   1« 
211,  234,  253. 

Palestine, 

Chili, 

Siberia, 58   li 

France,  58,  78,  99,  121,  144,  193^  21 

253. 

Russia 78,  100.  If 

Abyssinia, 

Scotland, 

Holland, J 

Argentina, < 

Ireland. 98.  1! 

Tunis, 98,  2i 

Denmark, 

Brazil, 99,  1! 

Spain 99,  K 

Algeria, 100,  1; 

Norway 1; 

Greece 1; 

China, 144,  166,  2 

Arabia 1 

Bohemia 2 

Japan 2 

Servia, 2 

Africa 2 

CORRESPONDENTS  AND   CONTRIBUTORS. 

W.  W.  McNeal,  John  Hewitt,  Dickson  ] 
Alley,  M.  F.  Reeve,  Rev.  C.  M.  Herrin 
H.  M.  Jameson,  Arthur  C.  Miller,  F,  Greint 
Dr.  O.  M.  Blanton,  C.  S.  Harris,  J.  E.  Joh 
son,  John  Hardscrabble,  Wm.  T.  Gillilan 
E.  L.  Pratt,  Thos.  Worthington,  John  I 
Grant,  C.  H.  W.  Weber,  "Swarthmore,"  Hei 
ry  E.  Horn,  N.  E.  Loane,  Geo.  B.  How 
C.  R.  Russell,  J.  W.  Tefft,  Adrian  Getaz.  I 
G.  Sammis,  P.  W.  Stahlman,  E.  F.  Atwatt 
T.  S.  Hall,  Mrs.  Sarah  A.  Smith,  O.  ( 
Poppleton,  Chas,  Koop,  W.  L.  Coggsha 
G.  J.  S.  Small,  Frank  Benton,  R.  August! 
Haight,  Warren  H.  Winch,  J.  D.  Yance 
J.  T.  Hairston.  L.  B.  Smith,  Eben  Har 
scrabble.  Dr.  W.  A.  Smyth,  P.  J.  Burbec 
Theodore  Squalley,  Alice  E.  Holmes,  J.  ] 
Byer,  D.  H.  Zencker,  John  W.  Pharr.  ( 
Theilmann,  H.  A.  Surface,  D.  L.  Wood 
Robert  H.  Smith,  A.  E.  Willcutt,  H.  ( 
Morehouse,  W.  S.  Hart,  Otto  Gubler,  Jact 
W.  Small,  R.  T.  Crandall,  Wm.  V.  Ale 
ander,  E.  B.  Rood,  Otto  Luhdorff.  Prof.  1 
M.  Bundy,  Geo.  W.  Brodbeck,  Miss  Salei 
Mullen,  Morley  Pettit,  Leo  F.  Hanegan,  W 
S.  Blaisdell,  M.  W.  Shepherd,  H.  Piper.  T> 
E.  France,  Leo  Vincent,  Bessie  L.  Putnar 
O.  C.  Fuller,  J.  E.  Hand,  G.  A.  Nunez,  > 
Pritolenko. 


16 
68 

83 
111 
114 

172 
180 
1281 

53 
221 
187 
193 
109 
141 
142 
258 
219 

65 

91 
106 
125 
173 
222 
224 
230 

51 

61 

77 
105 
117 

118 
125 
241 
247 
248 
KO 
20fi 
239 
17.'> 
220 
43 
56 
59 
62 
136 
143 
150 
183 
188 
202 
20s 
214 
215 
222 
145 
2.31 
32 

23 
43 
56 
61 


76 
112 
115 
139 


904. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


263 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Charles  D.  Winslow,  6;  Head  of  Worker 
?ee,  7;  The  Deacon's  "Purps,"  12;  Comb  Frame 
or  Bee  Hive,  22;  C.  H.  W.  Weber,  24;  Bee 
Attacked  by  Florida  Ant,  29;  Mr.  Loane's 
Vpiary  in  Tasmania,  39;  Hineman's  Apiary,  4€; 
Bees  and  Chrysanthemums,  52;  Cogg-shail 
Brothers,  69;  The  Deacon's  Last  Portrait,  81; 
Bee-Keepers  at  the  Ohio  Capital,  83;  A.  E. 
Painter,  Esq.,  83;  Alley's  "Bug  House,"  89; 
Dr.  Smyth's  Apiary,  Donemana,  Ireland,  93; 
Bernard  A.  Cromwell  and  Mother,  97;  Mr.  C. 
I'heilmann,  111;  Smith's  Wiring  Device,  115; 
/lews    of    A.    E.    Willcutt's    Apiary,    116    and 


117;  An  Austrian  Hive,  120;  Orange  Blossoms 
132;  Cell  Cleaning  and  Incubating  Board,  135 
Dr.  C.  C.  Miller,  138;  Uncapping  Plane,  145 
Clover  and  Basswood,  152;  Hill's  Observation 
Hive,  171;  Poppleton's  Fleet,  176;  Interior  of 
Poppleton's  Transport,  177;  Indian  River 
Shore,  178;  Course  of  Queen's  Flight,  184; 
Hardscrabble's  Ghost  in  the  Editor's  Sanc- 
tum, 189;  H.  C.  Morehouse,  195;  Home- 
made Queen  Rearing  Devices,  200  and  201; 
An  Open  Air  Colony,  207;  Queen  Restrainer, 
219;  Apiary  of  Geo.  B.  Howe,  224;  Group  of 
Ohio  Bee-Keepers,  228;  Mr.  A.  J.  Halter  and 
Apiary,   250. 


HONEY  DEALERS'  DIRECTORY 


]^"Under  this  heading  will  be  inserted,  for  reliable  dealers,  two  lines  one 
year  for  $1.25.  Additional  w^ords,  12c  a  w^ord.  No  announcement  can 
be  accepted  for  less  than  one  year  at  these  rates.„^^ 


OHIO. 


:.  H.  W.  WEBER,  Freeman  and  Central 
Aves.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  If  for  sale,  mail 
sample,  and  state  price  expected  delivered 
in  Cinicinnati.  If  in  want,  write  for  prices, 
and   state   quality  and   quantity   desired. 

(5-5) 


Ve  are  always  in  the  market  for  extracted 
honey,  as  we  sell  unlimited  quantities.  Send 
us  a  sample  and  your  best  price  delivered 
here.  THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Wal- 
nut St.,   Cincinnati,   Ohio.  (5-5) 


COLORADO. 


THE  COLORADO  HONEY  PRODUCERS' 
ASS'N,  1440  Market  St.,  Denrer,  Colo.        5 


ILLINOIS. 


R.    A.    BURNETT   &   CO.,   199  South    Water 
Street,    Chicago.  (5-5) 


uent=a=Word  Column. 


;HAKERS'  TOBACCO  TABLETS— Placed 
in  the  mouth,  stop  desire  for  tobacco.  Harm- 
less, yet  effective.  Impossible  to  want  to- 
bacco while  using  them.  Makes  quitting  easy 
and  sure.  Complete  cure,  $1.00.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed  or  money  returned.  Shaker 
Chemical  Co.,  Station  "F,"  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


'INCREASE"  is  the  title  of  a  little  book- 
let by  Swarthmore;  tells  how  to  make  up 
winter  losses  without  much  labor  and  with- 
out breaking  up  full  colonies;  entirely  new 
plan.  25  cents.  Prospectus  free.  Address 
E.    L.    Pratt,    Swarthmore,    Pa.  7-tf 


\  TANDEM  BICYCLE  (for  man  and  lady) 
cost  yi50,  in  first-class  condition,  was  built  to 
order  for  the  owner.  Tires  new.  Will  sell 
for  J25  cash.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Ad- 
dress J.  Clayborne  Merrill,  130  Lakeview, 
ave.,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 

lGENTS   WANTED  to   sell  advertising  nov- 
ties,     good     commission    allowed.      Send     for 
catalogue    and    terms.      American    Manufac- 
turing Concern,  Jamestown,  N.   Y. 
FOR   SALE— A    Hawkeye,   Jr.,    Camera   com- 


plete. Uses  both  film  and  plates.  Cost  $8.00; 
will  sell  with  leather  case  for  <3.i50  cash. 
Address  Empire  Washer  Co.,  Falconer,  N. 
Y. 


Bee=Keepers'  Club 


Modern  Farmer,  one  year, 
Silk  Front  Bee  Veil,  -  - 
Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture, 

one  year,  .         -  - 

Langstroth  on  Honey  Bee, 
American     Bee     Journal, 

new  only,  -  -         - 


.50 
.50 

1.00 
1.20 

1.00 


$4.20 


All  of  the  Above  only  $2.50 

First  two  $.50;  first  three,  $1.25;  first 
four,  $2.10. 

New  subscribers  for  the  A.  B.  J  can 
subst  tute  it  for  Gleanings  if  they  wish. 
Renewals  for  the  A.  B  J  add  40c  more 
to  any  club.  Western  Bee  Journal  can 
be  substituted  for  either  bee  paper.  No 
clianges  will  be  made  in  these  otfers. 

Write  for  other  clubbing  offers. 

MODERN     FARMER 

The  Clean  Farm  Paper 
ST.  JOSEPH,         -        -        -         MISSOURI 


ONE-HALF  INCH  SPACE  ONE  YEAR  ON  THIS  PAGE,  $3.00. 


-THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  €1  Walnut  St., 
*  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Standard  Bred  Red 
Clover  Three-banded  Queens,  Golden  Italians, 
and  Carniolans.  Safe  arrival  guaranteed.  Send 
for  circular. 


T 


HE  A.   I.  ROOT  CO.,  MEDix.A,   OHIO. 
Breeders   of   Italian  bees  and  queens. 


QUEENS  from  Jamaica  any  day  in  the  year. 
Untested,  66c.;  tested,  $1.00;  select  tested, 
$1.50.  Our  queens  are  reared  from  the  very 
finest  strains.  Geo.  W.  Phillips,  Sav-La-Mar 
P.    O.,  Jamaica,  W.    I.  (5-5) 


I  AWRENCE  C.  MILLER,  BOX  1U3, 
L  PROVIDENCE,  R.  I.,  is  filling  orders  for 
the  popular,  hardy,  honey-getting  Providence 
strain  of  Queens.   Write  for  free  information. 


p  H.  W.  WEBER,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO, 
^'  (Cor.  Central  and  Freeman  Aves.) 
Golden  Yellow,  Red  Clover  and  Carniolan 
queens,  bred  from  select  mothers  in  separate 
apiaries. 


lOHN  M.  DAVIS,  SPRING  HILL,  TENN., 
•J  sends  out  the  choicest  3-banded  and  gold- 
en Italian  queens  that  skill  and  experience  can 
produce.     Satisfaction   guaranteed.    No  disease. 


QUIRIN,  the  Queen  Breeder,  has  an  ex- 
ceptionally hardy  strain  of  Italian  bees; 
they  wintered  on  their  summer  stands  within 
a  few  miles  of  bleak  Lake  Erie.  Send  for 
Free    Circular.      Bellevue,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


W        breeder    of    choice     Italian     Bees     and 
•    J.  DAVIS,  1st,   YOUNGSVILLE,  PA., 
Queens.     Quality,   not  quantity,   is   my   motto. 


oWARTHMORE  APIARIES,  SWARTH-. 
>J  MORE,  PA.  Our  bees  and  queens  are  the 
brightest  Italians  procurable.  Satisfaction 
quaranteed.  Correspondence  in  English, 
French,  German  and  Spanish.  Shipments  to 
all  parts  of  the  world. 


A  RE  YOU  LOOKING  FOR  QUEENS?  11 
'»  so  I  can  furnish  you  queens  of  the  follow, 
inging  races  by  return  mail:  Three-  and  fivfr 
banded  Italians,  Cyprians,  Holy  Lands,  Carnl 
olans  and  Albinos.  Untested  of  either  race 
75c.  each;  select  untested,  $1.00  each;  six  foi 
$4.00;  twelve  for  $8.00;  tested,  of  either  race 
$2.00  each;  six  for  10.00;  one  dozen,  $18.00 
Breeders,  $4.50  each.  Safe  arrival  guaranteed 
B.   H.    Stanley,   Beeville,  Texas.  Aug.  5 


w. 


Z.  HUTCHINSON,  FLINT,  MICH 
Superior  stock  queens,  $1.50  each 
queen  and  Bee-Keepers'  Review  one  year  foi 
only  $2.00. 


M 


OORE'S  LONG-TONGUED  STRAII 
of  Italians  become  more  and  more  popu 
lar  each  year.  Those  who  have  tested  then 
know  why.  Descriptive  circular  free  to  all 
Write  J.  P.  Moore,   L.   Box  1,  Morgan,  Ky. 


p  UNIC  BEES.  All  oth^r  races  are  dis 
'  carded  after  trial  of  these  wonderful  bees 
Particulars  post  free.  John  Hewitt  &  Co 
Sheffield,   England.  4 


HONEY  QUEENS  AND   BEES  for  sale, 
extracted    300    pounds    per    colony    in    190! 
Thos.    Worthington,    Leota,    Miss.       Aug.   5 


I 


The    Bee=Keepers'    Review 

can  help  you 

MAKE  MONEY 


opportunities  for  making  money  out  of 
bee-keeping  were  never  greater.  If  the  bee- 
keeper with  a  single  apiary,  from  which  he 
makes  a  living  in  a  good  year,  and  nothing  in 
a  poor  year,  would  only  arouse  himself  to  the 

Changed   Conditions 

secure  a  good  location,  if  not  already  in  pos- 
session of  one,  adopt  such  methods  as  will  en- 
able him  to  branch  out  and  manage  several 
apiaries,  he  will  find  that  in  a  good  year  he  can 

File  np  Honey 

ton  upon  ton — enough  to  support  himself  and 
family  for  several  years.  Ine  Review  is  help- 
ing bee-keepers  to  accomplish  this  very  thing. 

The  First  Step 

in  making  money  as  a  bee-keeper  is  the  secur- 
ing of  a  good  location;  and  the  Review  even 
goes  so  far  as  to  discover  ana  make  known 
desirable,    unoccupied    locations. 

Get  Good  Stock 

Having  secured  the  location,  the  next  step  is 
that  of  stocking  it  with  bees  of  the  most  desir- 
able strain;  and,  having  had  years  of  experi- 
ence with  all  the  leading  varieties  of  bees,  the 
editor  of  the  Review  is  able  to,  and  does,  tell 
his  readers  where  to  get  the  best  stock.  Still 
further,   the  Review  tens  how  to  make 

Rapid    Increase, 

how  to  build  up  ten  or  a  dozen  colonies,  in  a 
single  season,  into  an  apiary  of  100  or  more 
colonies. 

Having  the  location  and  the  bees,  the  bee- 
keeper must  learn  how  to  manage  them  so  as 
to  be  able  to  establish  an  out-apiary  here,  and 
another  there,  and  care  for  them  with  weekly 
visits — yes,  by  monthly,  or  even  longer,  visits, 
when  extracted  honey  is  produced.  It  is  in 
teaching  bee-keepers  how  to  thus 

Control  Sxirarming, 

that  the  Review  has  been,  and  is  still,  doing 
its  best  work.  If  a  man  only  knows  how,  he 
can  care  for  several  apiaries  now  as  easily  as 
he  once  cared  for  only  one. 


Having  secured  a  crop  of  honey,  the  next 
step  is  that  of  selling  it.  This  is  the  most 
neglected,    yet 

The  Most  Important  Froblem 

of  succesful,  money-making  bee-keeping,  and 
one  that  the  Review  is  working  the  hardest  to 
solve.  So  many  'men  work  hard  all  summer, 
produce  a  good  crop,  and  then  almost  give  it 
away.  The  Review  is  trying  to  put  a  stop  to 
this  "giving  it  away."  It  is  showing,  by  the 
actual  experience  of  enterprising  bee-keepers, 
how  the  leisure  months  may  be  employed  in 
selling  honey  at  prices  that  some  of  us  would 
call  exorbitant.  The  men  who  have  done  this 
tell  how  they  did  it. 

The  editor  of  the  Review  has  a  wide,  actual, 
personal  acquaintance  with  all  of  the 

Leading  Bee-keepers 

from  Maine  to  California,  and  is  thus  able  to 
secure,  as  correspondents,  men  who  have  scat- 
tered out-apiaries  widely,  managed  them  with 
little  or  no  help  and  made  money.  These  men 
are  able  to  write  from  actual  experience — they 
know  how  they  have  succeeded,  and  can  tell 
others. 

One  thing  is  certain,  if  you  are  a  bee-keep- 
ing specialist,  or  expect  to  become  one,  if  bee- 
keeping is  your  business,  you  can't  aflford 
not  to 

Read  The  Reviexr. 

It  will  lead  you  and  encourage  you,  and  fill 
you  with  ideas,  and  tell  you  how  to  do  things 
— show  you  how  to  enlarge  your  business  and 
make  money. 

The  Review  is  published  monthly  at  $1.00  a 
year;  but,  if  you  wish  to  become  better  ac- 
quainted with   it  before   subscribing. 

Send  Ten  Cents 

for  three  late,  but  different  issues,  and  the  ten 
cents  may  apply  on  any  suoscription  sent  in 
during  the  year.  A  coupon  will  be  sent  en- 
titling you  to  the  Review  one  year  for  only 
90  cents. 


W.    Z.    HUTCHINSON 


lO-tf 


FLINT,     MICHIGAN 


Preparation  For 
Winter, 


And  the  wintering  problem^ 
are  the  subjects  under  dis- 
cussion in  the  Current  Num- 
bers of  THE  RURAL  BEE 
KEEPER, 

Big  Discount  on  early  orders, 
write  for  sample  copies,  and 
send  IOC  for  3  late   numbers. 


W.  H.  PUTNAM, 
River  Falls,   =  =  Wis. 


Subscription  Agencies.  C 


Subscriptions  for  the  Ameri- 
can Bee-Keeper  may  be  entered 
tlirough  any  of  the  following 
ag'ente,  when  more  convenient 
than  remitting  to  our  offices  at 
Fort  Pierce,  Florida,  or  James- 
town, N.  Y.: 
I      J.   E.    Jonhson,     Williamsfield, 

1  "• 

S      The  Fred  W.  Muth  Company, 

2  51  Walnut  St.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
§  John  W.  Pharr,  Berclair,  Tex. 
5  Miss  S.  Swan,  Port  Burwell, 
5  Ontario. 

J  G.     A.     Nunez,     Stann     Creek, 

;1  British  Honduras. 

3  Walter  T.   Mills,  Burnham,   N. 
^  Rochester,  Kent  Co.,  Ivan  House, 
3  England. 
I  G.  J.  S.  Small,  Marton,  Wang- 

uiiui.  New  Zealand. 

H.  H.  Robinson,  Independencla 
1(5.   Matanzas,   Cuba. 

Coloi'ado  Honey  Producers* 
Association.  1440  Market  St., 
Denver,  Colo. 


-^fi^ift  fXimmtfiif^ftQf^f^^f^f^f^f^f^  0^f%0*m  (y^ 


National  Bee°Keepers'  Association, 

The  largest  bee-keepers'  society   in  tiie 
world . 

Organized    to  protect    and  promote   the 
interests  of  its  members. 

Membership  Fee,  $1.00  a  Year. 

N.  E.  FRANCE,  Platteville,  Wis., 

General  Manager  and  Treasure! 


ABooQ 
For 


PoDltrrKeecfir 

How  we  make  our  hens  pay  40' 
per  cent,  profit,  new  system,  oi 
own  method,  fully  explained  j 
our  Illustrated  Poultry  Book,  which  contali 
Poultry  Keepero'  Acc'tand  Egg  Record  showlr 
g^ius  or  losses  evei"  month  for  one  year.  Worth  3 
ct«,  sent  to  you  for  1 1  c.  If  you  will  send  names  of 
poultry  keepers  with  your  order:  Address, 
6.  H.  VIBBERT.  P.B.  56.  Clintonville.  Com 


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MAGIC  RHEUMATIC  CURE 


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not  a  CHEAP  remedy,  but  It  is 
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tion! There  are  a  thousand  rem- 
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Are  You  Looking  for  a  Home? 

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before  seeing  a  copy  of  THE  FARM  AND 
REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAL.  It  contains 
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Strawberries. 

Young,  healthy,  fresh,  vigor- 
ous stock  in  prime  condition  for 
spring  planting. 

All 

Leading 

Varieties 

Write  for  prices  and  terms. 

MONROE    STRAWBERRY    CO., 

Box  66  MONROE,  MICH. 


ri' 


LLOWED  ON  EARLY  ORDERS  EOR 


LET     ME     SELL     OR     BUY     YOUR 


HON  E  Y 


If  you  have  some  to  offer,  mail  sample  with  lowest  price  expected,  delivered 
Cincinnati. 


IP  IN    JSLKBD 


state  quantity  and  kind  wanted,  and  I  will  quote  you  price.      I  do  business 

on  the  cash  basis,  in  selling  or  'inying 

Full  Stock  of  Bee-Supplies,  the  best  made.     Root's  Goods  at  their  factory  prices. 

SEEDS  OF  HONEY  PLANTS. 


p.  H.  W.  WEBER, 


2146-48  Central  Ave. 
CINCINNATI,    OHIO. 


DON'T  KILLb 

YOURSELF.  WASHING  " '^ 

WAY,  BUT  BUY  AH  E  M  P  I  R  E 

W  A  S  H  E  R ,  «**<4  wiUoA  <  A« 
frailett  \B<yman  •an  do  om  or- 
dinarv  vaskiug  in  oim  hour, 
without  vetting  htr  hand*. 
SampU  attchoUtaitPrica.  Batisfaotion  Otianinteed. 
No  pay  until  tritd.  yfritefor  Phutrated  Cataloa%* 
mndprice*  of  Wringer  i, Ironing  Tahiti,  Clothft  Reelt, 
DryingBari,  VfagonJaekttdce.  AeentsWanted.  Lib- 
eral Terms.  QaiokSaleil  LitUeWorkll  Big  ParHl 
Addrf,Tmm  SiiPiBBWABBBk  Co.,JuB«at»wii.l«  .T. 


When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 

3  and  5=Banded  Italian 
and  Carniolan  Queens. 

Say  friends,  you  who  have  support- 
ed us  during  the  past  season,  we 
desire  to  express  our  thanks  for 
your  patronage  in  the  pa.st,  and 
respectfully  solicit  a  continuance  of 
your  valued  favors  through  the  sea- 
son of  1904. 

Our  queens  now  stand  upon  their 
merits  and  former  record.  We  are 
preparing  for  next  season,  and  seek- 
ing the  patronage  of  large  apiarists 
and  dealers.  We  do  not  claim  that 
our  queens  are  superior  to  all  oth- 
ers, but  that  they  are  as  good  as 
the  best.  We  will  furnish  from  one 
to  a  thousand  at  the  following 
prices:  '"''sted  of  either  race,  $1; 
one  unte  d,  75c.,  5  for  $3.25,  10 
for  $G.  15  for  $8.25,  25  for  $12.50.  50 
for  $23.50,  100  for  $45. 
For  descriptive  circulars  address, 

JOHN    W.  Fh/.IvE,  Prop., 

New  Century  Queen  Hearing  Co.,  Ber- 
clair,  Goliad  Co.,  Texas. 

BEGINNERS. 

shoii.d  hare  a  copy  of 

The  Amateur  Bee-keeper, 

a  70  page  book,  by  Prof.  J.  W.  Rouse;  written  e*' 
pecially  for  amateurs.  Second  edition  just  ou' 
First  edition  of  1,000  sold  in  less  tban  tYfo  year* 
Editor  York  says:  "It  is  tbe  flaest  little  book  pub- 
lislied  at  tlie  present  time."  Price  24  cents;  by 
Kail  2a  cents.     Tlie  little  book  and 

The  Progressive  Bee-keeper, 

I'a  lire,  proeressiTe,  28  page  monthly  journal,)  on» 
year  for  66c.  Apply  to  any  first-class  dealer,  or 
address 

LEAHY  MFG-  CO,,  Hirjiii.T>u,,  m.. 


Chance 

Of  a  Life  Time 


inn    Wanted  to  raise 
*""  Belgians 

Send  for  particulars  and    sample  cop 
of  the  only 

Belgian  Hare  Journa 


Published  in  America. 

Judge  R.  J.  FINLEY, 

227  Lamb  St  ,  MACON,  M 


To  Subscribers  of 
THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPEP 

And  Others! 

Until  Further  Notic 

We  Will  Send  The 


Country 
Journal 


to  any  addi'tos  in  the  U.  S.  A.  oi 
year  for  ]0  eents,  providing  yc 
u^  iution  American  Bee-Keeper. 

The  Oounlry  Journal  treats 
'  arm,  Orchard  and  Garden,  Poi 
'  tj  and  Fashion.  It's  the  best  p 
y»er  printed  for  the  price. 

Address 

The  Country  Journal, 

Allentown,  Pa, 
2tf 


W.    M.    Gerrish,    R.    F.    D..    Epping,    N. 
keeps   a    complete    supply    of    our   goods,    a 
Eastern   customers  will  save  freight  by  ord 
ing   of  hjm. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  Co 


GENTS  Wanted  '  Wa'shTng  Machlnes^ 

j  You  can  double  your  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

they  sell  easily.     We  have  sold  over  150,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years.      They 
cheaper  than  e^'er.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co. ,    Jamestown,  N.Y. 


The  Iowa 

Horticultural 

Paper. 

Monthly, 
50  cents 
per  year. 

It  is  unique, 
planned  ou 
original  lines. 

You  cannot 
be  up-to-date 
/ruit  growing  unless  you  read  it. 

Jalance  of   this   year  free  to  new 
iscribers. 

THE  FRUITMAN, 

Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa. 


WniNTS 


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Patent 
Attorneys 
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is  the  best  machine  made 
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etc.  Sent  on  trial.  Send  for 
Catalogue  and  Price  List. 
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ENCE 


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Union,  should  subscribe  for  THE 
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THR  DIXIr.    HOMESEEKER, 

West  AWnpmattox,  Va        tf 


second-class  ( 


Honey 


PRODUCTION 

AND  I 

selling! 


These  are  the  two  main  problems  of  the  bee-keeper,  and  each  is  as  ir 
portant  as  the  other.     Many  can  produce  fine  honey.but  fail  to  get  the  be 
prices.     Your  crop  in  attractive  packages  is  half  sold.    The  first  honey 
the  market  sells  the  best;   so  don't  put  off  ordering  supplies. 

No-drip    Shipping   Ckses. 

Do  not  put  your  section  honey 
poorly  made  section  cases.  It  - 
bring  less  if  you  do.  We  mnico 
cases  of  white  b«ss-wopd,  and  r 
are  constructed  so  they  will  not  U 
Neither  do  the  sections  get  stuck 
with  honey.  Made  for  all  kinds 
sections,  and  in  all  sizes.  Also  g 
for  fronts.  For  retailing  honey  tl' 
is  nothing  neater  than  the  Da 
Carton.  Ask  ^5f*t)ilr  ciitalogue  gi\ 
complete  prices  and  doscrii)tions.  . 


Hers^iser   Jars. 

The  finest  of  all  glass  pack- 
ages for  extracted  honey.  Made 
of  clear  glass  with  aluminum 
caps,  which  seal  them  tight.  We 
sell  other  styles  of  glass  pack- 
ages. .  Don't  fail  to  study  the 
candied  honey  question.  There 
is  a  great  future  for  this.  We 
sell  the  famous  Aiken  Honey 
Bag  for  retailing  candied  honey. 
See  our  general  catalogue  for 
further   description    and    prices. 


Five-Gallon   Tin    Cans. 

The   favorite    package    for   shipp 
extracted     honey.       Xo     leaking, 
tainted  honey.  The  cans  being  sciu. 
economize  space,  and  are  e:isiiy  bo? 
Also    smaller    sizes.      Cans    furnis 
with    different   widths   of    screw  c| 
or  honey  gjites.      Don't  fail  to  get 
prices    before    ordering.        Henienjl 
that    freight    charges    s'-iould    be    ( 
sidered  with  the  prices.     We  can  '(jj 
from  our  branch  houses. 


Complete   Description   and   Prices   in  General  Catalogue. 

THE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO. 

Factory  and  Executive  Office  -  -  MEDINA,  Ofl 

BRANCHES— Chicago,  111,  144  East  Erie  St.;  Fhiladelphia,  Pa.,  lo  Vine  Sll 
New  York  City,  N.  Y.,'44  Vesey  St.;  Syracuse,  N.  Y.;  Mechanic  Falls.Mfl 
St.  Paul,  Minn.,  1024  Miss.  St.;  San  Antonio,  Texas;  Washimrton.  D.  <| 
1100  Md.  Av.;  Hav  na,  Cuba,  17  San  Ignaclo;  Kingston,  Jamaica,  ll 
Harbour  St. 


Kiit»'."t'(i  ;it  tlie  PostoHice,  Fort  Pierce,  i:ia.,  as  second-class  mail  matter, 


Homes  in 

Old  Virginia. 

It  is  gradually  brought  to  light 
that  the  Civil  war  has  made '  great 
changes,  freed  the  slaves,  ^nd  in 
-consequence  has  made  the  large 
land  owners  poor  and  finally  freed 
the  land  from  the  original  owners 
who  would  not  sell  until  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  There  are  some 
of  the  finest  lands  in  the  market  at 
very  low  prices,  lands  that  produce 
all  kinds  of  crops,  grasses,  fruits, 
and  berries;  fine  for  stock.  You 
find  green  truck  patches,  such  as 
cabbage,  turnips,  lettuce,  kale, 
spinach,  etc.,  growing  all  the  win- 
ter. The  climate  is  the  best  all  the 
year  around  to  be  found,  not  too 
cold  nor  too  warm.  Good  water. 
Healthy.  Railroads  running  in 
every  direction.  If  you  desire  to 
know  all  about  Virginia  send  10c. 
for   three    months    subscription    of 

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Vol.  XV 


JANUARY,   1905. 


No.  I 


THE  "GOING -TO  BEES." 


^X 


Suppose  that  some  fine  morn  in  May 
A  honey-bee  should  pause  and  say, 
"'1  guess  I  will  not  work  today, 

But  next  week  or  next  summer. 
Or  some  time  in  the  by  and  by, 
I'll  be  so  diligent  and  spry 
That  all  the  world  must  see  that  I 

Am  what  they  call  a  '  hummer'  !  " 

Of  course  you'd  wish  to  say  at  once, 

'■  O  bee!  don't  be  a  little  dunce 

And  waste  your  golden  days  and  months 

In  lazily  reviewing 
The  things  you're  'going'  to  do  and  how 
Your  hive  with  honey  you'll  endow, 
But  bear  in  mind,  O  bee,  that  NOW 

Is  just  the  time  for  '  doing.'  " 

Suppose  a  youth  with  idle  hands 
Should   tell   you   all    the    splendid   plans 
Of   which   he   dreams,   the   while    the   sands 

Of    life    are    flowing,    flowing. 
You'd  wish  to  say  to  him,  "  O  boy! 
If  you  would  reap  your  share  of  joy 
You  must  discerningly  employ 
Your  morning  hours  in  sowing." 

He  who  would  win  must  work!     The  prize 

Is  for  the  faithful  one  who  tries 

With  loyal  heart  and  hand;  whose  skies 

With  toil-crowned  hopes  are  sunny. 
And  they  who  seek  success  to  find 
This  homely  truth  must  bear  in  mind: 
"  The  '  going-to  bees '  are  not  the  kind 

That  fill  the  hive  with  honey." 
—Nixon  Waterman  in  Saturday  Evening  Post. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  January, 

HOFFMAN  FRAMES,  QUEENS,  ETCETERA. 


A  New   i'ork  ''Dutchman*^  Finds  Some  Things  Which  Do,  and  Others 

That  Do  Not  Accord  With  His  Own  Ideas,  and  ''Speaks 

His   Piece/' 


By  P.  W.  Stahlman. 


FRIEND  HILL:— First,  I  wish 
to  say  a  few  words  in  regard  to 
the  Hoffman  frame.  In  some 
few  ways  it  is  all  right,  but  in  all 
other  ways  it  is  wrong.  It  has  a 
great  thick  top-bar,  which  is  favor- 
able to  keeping  the  bees  worn  out  in 
going  long  distances  to  enter  the  su- 
per; and  they  will  not  enter  the  super 
as  readily  as  with  a  thinner  top-bar. 

Next,  those  great  side-whiskers, 
called  "spacers,"  on  the  end-bars  are 
a  perfect  nuisance.  The  world  may 
be  in  favor  of  Hoffman  frames,  but  I 
would  not  take  enough  of  them  as  a 
gift,  to  fill  all  my  hives.  Some  bee- 
keepers plane  off  the  projecting 
spacer,  even  after  combs  are  built, 
and  use  instead  a  spacing  staple. 

We  do  not  all  see  things  in 
the  same  light;  so  let  those  who  like 
the  Hoffman  have  them,  but  let  us 
have   something  better. 

"Now  comes  the  one  great  point  up- 
on which  I  am  as  firm  as  are  the 
friends  of  the  Hoffman  frame,  and 
that  is  the  matter  of  queens.  Though 
I  have  kept  bees  but  sixteen  years,  a 
man  ought  to  learn  a  few  things  in 
that  time.  If  he  doesn't,  he  might  as 
well  sleep  his  life  away  as  to  attempt 
to  keep  bees  for  dollars  and  cents.  I 
have  bought  queens  from  a  number  of 
breeders.  Some  were  good  and  many 
were  poor  affairs.  I  know  from  ex- 
perience that  a  queen  which  has  been 
jammed  around  and  abused  in  the 
mails  is  not  so  good  as  one  reared 
right  in  the  apiary  where  she  is  to  be 
used.  They  will  be  superseded  sooner 
and   are   often   shorter   lived. 

I  believe  in  rearing  queens  from  the 
best  stock,  and  in  the  infusion  of  new 
blood  to  keep  up  the  vigor  of  the 
colonies.  A  queen  that  cannot  keep 
an  eight-frame  hive  overflowing  with 
hees,  ought  to  go  to  the  bone  yard. 
Such    queens    are   kept    at    a   loss. 

To  rear  my  queens  I  have  a  number 
of  small  hives,  each  holding  five  6x7 
frames.     These  I  set  anywhere  in  the 


yard  and  stock  them  with  a  few  bees 
(a  quart  is  plenty),  and  a  queen.  Ir 
due  time  these  little  hives  will  be 
well  supplied  with  eggs,  and  the  queei 
may  be  taken  to  use,  or  to  be  destroy 
ed,  and  a  queen-cell  about  due  t( 
hatch  may  be  given  them,  and  all  wil 
be  well.  This  may  be  done  all  througl 
the  season,  when  drones  are  present 
and  by  selecting  a  great  improvemen 
in  stock  may  be  made. 

I   hear   someone   ask.   "How  do  yo 
winter  these  little  colonies?"    And  th! 
advice,    "Better    use    standard    frame 
and  unite  in  the  fall."     My  answer  is 
Here  is  the  advantage  of  small  hive; 
Before    cold    weather    comes    on,    o 
here,     before     buckwheat     ceases     t 
yield.  I  tier  up  four  of  these  little  co 
onies,    which    gives    me    three    exti' 
queens   to   sell.     I   also  have  a   gooi 
sized    colony    with    which    to    go    inVi 
winter   quarters,   and   which   will   wi 
ter  as  well  as  any,  and  go  through  tl 
spring  as  well.     By  dividing  up  in  tl 
spring   I    am   ready   to   "go   it   again 
You  need  not  rob  your  other  coloni 
of  two  frames  of  brood  and  bees,  ai 
thus  weaken  them  and  lose  the  whi 
honey    crop.      And    when    fall    com 
and  you  find  a  number  of  your  lar; 
colonies  queenless,  you  need  not  wa 
around  with  your  lip  almost  touchii 
the    ground,    saying,    "I    don't    knc 
what   to   do."     If  you   have   the   ext 
queens    in    the    small    hives    you    c: 
unite   one   with   the    queenless   color 
Then  they  are   welcome. 

Again,  these  little  colonies  will  ta 
care  of  themselves  to  an  astonishii 
degree.  I  have  not  fed  any  all  t 
season,  and  all  have  a  great  plenty 
winter  on.  You  can  see  some 
these  little  hives  in  the  picture — soi 
of  them  four  stories  high,  ready  i\ 
winter.  Most  of  the  small  hives  a 
hidden  by  the  large  ones,  and  canr 
be  seen. 

A  queen  can  be  found  more  read 
in  such  a  hive  than  in  a  large  one,  a 
their    mating    is    almost    certain,    a 


)05. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


sually  sooner  than  in  a  large  hive  full 
f  bees.  The  queens  may  be  left  in 
few  of  the  small  hives  so  as  to 
apply  brood  to  keep  up  others  if 
ceded.  I  have  no  ax  to  grind,  and 
I  give  this  for  what  it  is  worth.  Also 
le  picture  of  this  Dutchman's  apiary, 
hich   will  be  improved  next  season. 

REPORT   FOR   1904. 

Spring  count,  102  colonies.  Increas- 
i  to  200  colonies,  four  and  a  half  tons 
f  honey,  one-fourth  comb.  Bees  in 
ood  shape  for  winter,  and  no  foul 
rood. 

I  suppose  some  will  feel  like  throw- 
tg  stones  at  me  for  condemning  the 

offman  frame,  but  please  don't  hurt 

e.  Just  one  word,  which  also  falls 
oon  the  manufacturers  of  hives,  etc.. 


QUEEN-REARING      OBSTACLES. 

Suggestions  as  to  How  They  May  Be 
Reduced  or  Overcome. 

By  Arthur  C.  Miller. 

THE  EDITOR'S  recent  comments 
on     the     drawbacks     to     queen- 
rearing  in  Florida  have  recalled 
some    of    the    drawbacks    experienced 
elsewhere. 

Hindrances  to  bringing  queens  to 
maturity  may  be  divided  into  two 
classes,  those  within  and  those  with- 
out the  hive.  Those  within  relate  to 
the  selection  of  the  larva,  its  care 
and  perfect  development  and  the  sub- 
sequent nourishment  and  environment 
until  mated. 

The  external  conditions  have  to  do 


.•»-b|W#*s^^'^ 


j\w«tk\cftH^CE-ll^eti>tn 


MR.  STAHLMANS  APIARY. 


id  that  is  the  shabby  division  boards 
lat  are  furnished  with  hives.  Why 
Dn't  you  make  a  solid  board,  at  least 
half-inch  thick,  with  top-bar? 
hen  they  woud  not  crawl  all 
vtr  the  bee  yard  in  case  you  do  hap- 
sn  to  get  one  out  of  the  hive  long 
lough  to  see  how  poor  they  are. 
oly  Moses!  do  wake  up  and  improve 
le  division  boards,  such  as  I  have 
en  lately.  It  makes  a  man  hate  him- 
•If  to  use  them.  A  great  many 
lings  are  made  to  sell  and  not  for 
ractical  service.  The  fence  separa- 
ir  is  a  good  thing,  only  they  should 
;  nailed  as  well  as  glued,  and  a  little 
ore  pains  should  be  taken  in  putting 
lem  together. 
So  long,  brother! 
Gallupville,    N.    Y.,    Oct.   20,   1904. 


with  the  climatic  conditions,  presence 
of  predatory  birds  and  insects,  and 
quantity   and  vigor   of  males. 

Consideration  of  the  factors  relat- 
ing to  rearing,  up  to  the  time  the 
queen  emerges  from  the  cell,  may  be 
omitted  from  this  article,  but  from 
that  period  onward  much  may  be  ad- 
vantageously said.  In  a  normal  col- 
ony the  young  queen  emerges  into  an 
atmosphere  of  warmth  and  high  hu- 
midity and  has  accessible  an  abun- 
dance of  nutritious  and,  in  a  sense, 
stimulative  food.  Such  are  the  condi- 
tions when  the  bees  of  their  own 
volition  rear  a  queen  either  for  swarm- 
ing or  supersedure.  When  man  steps 
in  he  must  produce  these  same  condi- 
tions if  he  would  meet  with  success. 
In  a  warm  and  humid  climate  this   is 


4  •  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  January, 

easy  to  accomplish,  but  in  less  favor-  warm  and  well  fed  they  will  fly  but 
able  places  it  requires  care  and  at-  sparingly,  and  seemingly  without  any 
tention.  Pains  must  be  taken  to  have  desire  to  seek  the  queens.  A  lusty, 
the  nuclei  or  colonies  with  the  young  well-fed  drone  from  a  populous  stock 
virgin  queens  (I  will  call  them  "mat-  ca"  hardly  be  handled  without  caus- 
ing" colonies  for  convenience)  well  '"g  the  death  convulsion,  while  an  un- 
supplied  with  young  bees,  and  the  derfed  one  can  scarcely  be  forced  in-  \ 
store  of  pollen  and  honey  must  be  to  the  same  condition, 
abundant,  and  the  supply  from  with-  To  keep  drones  alive  out-of-season, 
out  must  be  constant  if  we  wish  to  or  under  adverse  weather  or  crop  con- 
secure  full  nourishment  of  the  young  ditions,  it  is  often  advised  that  they 
queen.  Warmth  and  full  feeding  be  kept  in  a  queenless  colony.  This' 
mean  vigor  and  activity  for  her,  so  w'ill  assure  the  non-destruction  of  the 
that  not  only  will  she  be  ready  to  drones,  but  unless  the  colony  is  kept 
mate  early,  but  she  will  be  better  able  in  a  high  state  of  thrift  by  a  full  food 
to  overcome  adverse  conditions  out-  supply  and  the  constant  addition  of 
side.  emerging   brood,    the    drones    will    be 

It  is  not  that  it  takes  a  lot  of  bees  of  but  little  value  for  our  purpose.  A 
to  feed  the  young  queen,  but  that  the  few  hundred  drones  in  a  thrifty  stock 
population  be  abundant  enough  to  are  worth  many  thousands  in  an  un- 
keep  internal  conditions  of  tempera-  thrifty  one.  And  "thrift"  in  this  con- 
ture,  humidity  and  kinds  of  available  nection  must  be  taken  in  the  broad- 
food  as  near  as  possible  as  they  are  est  sense  of  the  word, 
in  a  full  colony.  Given    the    vigorous   well-fed   queen 

Such  conditions  mean  fewer  "miss-  and    similar    drones,    what    more    can 

ing"  queens.  be  done?     Very  much. 

Produce  such  conditions,  give  such        During  the  past  season  I  was  called! 

"mating    colony"    a    good,    well-bred  npon  to  solve  the  delayed  mating  anci 

queen,  and  then  keep  her  shut  in  until  high  per  cent,  of  loss  of  virgin  queens 

you  are  ready  to   have   her  fly.     The  '"  an  apiary  of  my  son's.     I  puzzlec 

next  factors  to  be  consiaered  are  the  over  it  for  many  weeks,  until  at  las' 

external   conditions.     The   climate  we  I    found    that    the    drones     were     al 

cannot  control,  but  we  can  prevent  the  through  flying  before  the  young  queen 

queens  from  flying  on  any  but  favor-  took  flight.       There  were  several  pes 

able    days,    so   in    a   measure   we    sur-  sible  causes  for  this,  but  as  I  am  un 

mount    that    difficulty.      Troublesome  certain  as  to  the  importance  of  each 

birds   can  be   largely  driven   from  the  I  w'ill  not  detail  them.     But  the  trou 

immediate    neighborhood    of    the    api-  hie  was  easily  overcome  in  this  way 

ary,  or  killed.     Often  a  few  discharges  The  drones  and  the  queens  were  kep 

of    a    gun    (without    shot)    towards    a  shut  in  until  I  thought  best  for  then 

bird   will    drive    it   permanently   away,  to  fly,  and   then  both  given  liberty  a 

Also    I    believe    the    ravages    of   birds  once, 
much   overestimated.  It  is  neither  necessary  nor  wise  t( 

Predatory    insects    are     difficult     to  confine  the  drones  all  the   time  prio 

combat,  and  we   have  very  few  here;  to  the   time  we  want  them,  but  onh 

so  I  cannot  speak  from  much  experi-  necessary   to   shut   them   in   the   nigb 

ence  with   them.     But  it  would   seem  before  the  day  we  want  their  services 

as    if    the    evil    might   be    greatly    les-  In    shutting    drones    into    a    populou 

sened    by    letting    the    queens    fly    at  stock,    pains    must   be    taken    to    giv 

such  times  of  day  as  the  troublesome  much    room   and   ventilation.    I    foun< 

insects   were  least  in  evidence.  a  handy  and  safe  method  in  placing  ; 

Quantity    and    vigor    of    males    aro  full-sized    chamber    beneath    the    col 

matters   quite   within   our   control   and  ony,     covering     the     bottom     of     tb 

are  factors  which  will  well  repay  ev-  chamber  with  a  sheet  of  excluder  zin> 

ery  queen-raiser  for  a  lot  of  thought  and  raising  all  from  the  bottom  boan 

and  care.     Quantity  is  easily  secured,  so   as   to   give   free    draft   of   air.     S( 

the  methods  having  been  exhaustive-  confined,    drones    will    do    nicely    fo 

ly  given  by  many  writers.     Unfortu-  half  a  day  or  more,  and  be  ready  t< 

nately,  they   have   stopped   with   that,  fly   the    instant   we   release    them. 
It   matters   not   how   many   males   are        After  the  drones  have  been  free  fo 

present  in  the  hives,  unless  they  are  about  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  I  releas 


« 


a 


IQOS- 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


all  queens  ready  to  mate.  Roughly,  as  that  used  here  by  the  Dadants 
this  may  be  known  by  the  age,  but  themselves.  Their  capacity  is  prac- 
where  the  apiarist  is  anxious  to  re-  tically  unlimited,  since  additional 
duce  risk  of  loss  as  low  as  possible,  stories  can  be  used  when  needed.  It 
then  he  may  release  only  those  vir-  must  be  remembered  also  that  the  box 
gins  which  constantly  open  and  shut  hives  are  used  in  Europe  to  produce 
the  vulva.  Such  queens  may  be  re-  chunk  honey  and  the  frame  hives  in- 
lied  upon  to  fly  and  mate  at  once,  variably  (or  nearly  so)  to  produce 
Commercially,    it   would    probably   be   extracted  honey. 

unprofitable   to  go   to  the  trouble  in-        i8.      In    regard    to    the    amount    of 

v^olved    in    such    observations.  honey    in    the    hives,    45    per    cent,    of 

Providence,  R.  I.,  Dec.   10,   1904.  t^e  swarms  came  out  from  hives  hav- 

ing    from    nothing   to    twenty    pounds 

of    honey.      41    per    cent,    when    there 

SWARMING.  were   twenty  to  forty  pounds  of  hon- 

.  .  ey,  and  only  14  per  cent,  when  there 

Conditions  and  Their  Influence.         ^gre   from  forty  to  sixty  pounds.   It 

By  Adrian   Getaz  seems  by  that,  that  when  the  colonies 

are  disposed  to  swarm  they  do  it  be- 

THE  REPORT  of  the  Society  of   fore    having  full   provisions. 
Department    de    la    Meuse    con-       19.  The  amount  of  empty  combs  at 
tinues    in    the    Apiculteur.      We    the  disposition  of  the  queen  to  lay  in 
ind   the   following   questions   and   an-   is    the    most    important    factor   in    in- 
wers    by    the    members:  ducing  swarming.       Only  20  per  cent. 

15.  Concerning  the  exposition  of  of  the  swarms  came  from  hives  hav- 
he  hives.  Those  turned  to  the  east  ing  empty  cells  in  the  brood  nest, 
:ive  61  per- cent.;  those  to  the  south-  and  80  per  cent,  from  those  in  which 
ast  only  6,   and   those   to   the    south   the  bees  were  crowding  the  queen. 

I  per  cent,  of  the  swarms.  The  oth-  20.  A  lack  of  ventilation  or  an  ex- 
r  directions  none,  except  two  per  cess  of  heat  increases  considerably 
ent.  to  the  northeast.  The  report  the  disposition  to  swarm,  but  no  def- 
dds  that  most  of  the  apiculturists,  inite  figures  can  be  given. 
a  rather  nearly  all,  place  their  hives  21.  The  swarming  takes  place  from 
urned  toward  the  south,  or  about;  fo^r  to  thirteen  days  after  the  open- 
lence  the  larger  number  of  swarms  jng  of  the  main  flow  (which  in  that 
rom   these   directions.  p^rt  of  France  is  from  the  sainfoin.) 

16.  It  IS  known  that  the  bees  need  -^^^^  average  is  six  or  seven  days.  It  is 
large  quantity  of  water  for  brood-    noted  here  that  this  is  largely  a  ques- 

earing,  and  it  might  be  suspected  ^ion  of  locality,  and  in  other  places, 
hat  the  closer  the  water  is,  the  more  entirely  different  dates  would  obtain, 
rood  would  be  raised,  and  that  more  „,  .     .  .    ^, 

warming  would  ensue.  The  report  ^4.  The  majority  of  the  swarms 
oes  not  show  it  to  be  so.  The  api-  cjuster  at  a  distance  of  eighteen  to 
ries  at  a  distance  from  the  water  ^'^''ty  ^^et  from  the  hives  Only  three 
ave  as  many  swarms  as  those  placed  P^F  ^^"t-  ^?  ^eyond  100  feet  200  feet 
loggj.  being  the  limit.     This,  like  all  the  re- 

17.'  Size  of  the  hive.  The  box  Po^t,  is  in  regard  to  first  swarms  with 
ives  of  a  capacity  of  35  to  40  cubic  ^^Y^^^  queens  A  swarm  with  a  vir- 
ecimeters  gave  60  to  70  per  cent,  of  &'"  ^^^  ^o  almost  anywhere. 
warms.  The  frame  hives,  one  story,  25.  It  was  intended  to  ask  where 
f  50  to  60  cubic  decimeters,  gave  25  the  swarms  clustered,  what  proportion 
J  30  per  cent.  The  large  Dadant  on  trees,  bushes  or  on  the  ground, 
latt  hives  only  5  per  cent.  One  of  etc.,  but  unfortunately  the  printers 
le  members,  Mr.  C^uillemain,  report-  forgot  to  put  it  in.  The  members  are 
\  that  with  the  Dadant  Blatt  hives,   requested  to  report  on  this  next  year. 

is    very    seldom    that    he    has    any       26.      Half  of  the   swarms   observed, 
varm  at  all.  clustered   between   three  feet  and   six 

To  have  any  idea  of  these  sizes  I  feet  above  the  ground,  18  per  cent. 
lust  state  that  an  American  cubic  below  that,  some  of  them  on  the 
lot  equals  Z2>  cubic  decimeters.  The  ground.  Only  12  per  cent,  clustered 
adant  Blatt  hives  are  about  the  same    at    more    than    twelve   feet    above    the 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


January 


ground.  The  report  says  here  that 
one  of  the  apiaries  observed  is  in  a 
grove  of  tall  trees,  where  the  bees 
have  to  cluster  at  a  considerable  ele- 
vation because  there  is  nothing  else. 
But  for  that,  very  few  would  cluster 
at  twelve  feet  or  above. 

These  figures  are  much  lower  than 
we  would  expect.  But  it  must  be 
remembered  that  in  Europe,  the 
bees  are  usually  kept  in  the  gardens 
or  in  the  orchards,  outside  of  which 
there  is  usually  nothing  but  open 
fields.  So  the  bees  have  to  cluster 
within  the  enclosure  on  whatever  trees 
bushes,  etc.,  may  be  there. 

Perhaps,  while  on  the  subject,  I 
might  give  my  own  experience.  My 
Middlebrook  apiary  is  partially  in  a 
grove  of  tall  trees.  In  front  of  the 
apiary  there  is  a  grove  of  cedars.  The 
swarms  usually  go  in  the  cedars  and 
cluster  anywhere  from  the  lowest 
limbs  to  about  midway  to  the  top, 
that  is,  from  fifteen  to,  perhaps,  thir- 
ty-five feet  from  the  ground.  The 
few  that  go  to  tall  trees  invariably 
cluster   on   the    lowest   limbs. 

The  Beaver  Creek  apiary  is  on  the 
edge  of  a  grove  of  tall  trees,  the  hives 
turned  toward  the  inside  of  the  grove. 
The  majority  of  the  swarms  cluster 
on  some  of  the  tall  trees,  either 
among  the  hives  or  immediately  in 
front,  and  always  on  the  lowest  limbs. 
About  one-fourth  of  the  swarms  go 
to  the  orchard  a  hundred  feet  dis- 
tant, in  the  rear  of  the  hives,  and  set- 
tle on  the  fruit  trees,  usually  on  some 
plum  trees  that  are  rather  low  and 
have  a  very  thick  foliage. 

27.  Seventy  per  cent,  of  the 
swarms  cluster  in  the  regular,  well 
known  form,  the  others  in  irregular 
forms,  depending  chiefly  on  the  place 
where   they   are. 

28.  The  great  majority  of  the 
swarms  go  toward  the  south,  or  rath- 
er between  the  southeast  and  south- 
west. The  report  suggests  that  they 
go  toward  the  sun.  I  rather  think 
that  they  go  in  that  direction  because 
the  hives  are  usually  turned  that  way, 
and  that  they  simply  go  right  straight 
before  them,  or  about. 


In  the  part  of  the  above  report  re- 
published in  the  December  number 
of  The  American  Bee-Keeper,  the 
assertion  is  made  that  the 
one-year-old    queens    are    more    liable 


to  swarm  than  the  others.  That  as 
sertion  I  stoutly  denied,  but  after  al 
I  may  have  been  too  hasty. 

For  those  who  may  not  have  kef 
the  December  number,  I  will  say  tha 
the  answer  to  the  nth  question  show 
ed  that  43  per  cent,  of  the  swarm 
came  from  colonies  having  swarme 
the  year  before,  and  therefore  ha 
queens  one  year  old,  20  per  cent,  froi 
colonies  having  swarmed  two  yeai 
before,  and  the  rest  Irom  colonic 
having  swarmed  three  years  befoi 
or  longer.  The  conclusion  th; 
queens  one  year  old  swarm  the  mo 
is  almost  irresistible. 

This  I  denied,  for  the  two  follo\ 
ing   reasons: 

1st.  The  actual  43  per  cent,  of  on 
year-old  queens  is  not  conclusive.  T 
be  so,  it  would  be  necessary  to  kno 
how  many  such  colonies  were  in  o 
servation,  and  know  what  proporti( 
of  them  did  swarm. 

2d.  With  me,  but  very  few  of  t; 
one-year-old  queens  (or  rather  thr 
colonies)  swarm.  And  swarmii 
can  be  prevented  to  a  large  exte 
by  renewing  the  queens  every  ye: 
or  at  last  every  two  years. 

These  two  points  are  absolute 
correct,  and  I  am  not  going  to  ta 
them  back.  Where  I  was  at  fault, 
by  not  taking  into  consideration  t^ 
other  conditions  that  have  a  beari 
on    the    question. 

But  before  going  further,  let  us  lo 
at  the  conditions  which  induce  swan 
ing.  Sometimes  it  may  be  one,  son 
times  another,  and  perhaps  often  mc 
than  one. 

One  is  the  extreme  heat,  or  lack 
ventilation,  or  any  condition  that  m 
render  the  hive  decidedly  uncomfo 
able.  In  such  cases,  bees  may  swai 
even  without  beginning  the  constn 
tion  of  queen  cells. 

Often  it  is  the  failure  of  the  que 
to  lay  sufficiently.  Queen  cells  ? 
then  built,  and  if  the  season  of  t 
year  and  weather  conditions  are 
right,  swarming  will  follow.  If  n^ 
the  queen  will  be  superseded. 

More    frequently,   it    is    the    lack 
sufficient    room,    or    rather    of    emp 
combs,  for  the   queen   to  lay;   that 
the  cause  of  swarming.     This  and  t, 
preceding   are   really   about   the   san 
viz:   not  enough  eggs  laid.  _ 

Now,  like  most  of  the  Americ| 
bee-keepers,  I  am  a  comb  honey  prl. 


i 


031 


1905-  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  7 

ducer,    and    we    can    now    look    into       DISADVANTAGE  OF  UNPRE 
that  part  of  the  program.  PARFnMP-QQ 

In  working  for  comb  honey,  we  can  i-AKh^iJNiiijb. 

give   room   enough   in   tne   supers,  but    tv.^  t  orv,»r,*     r       iv/r 
it  is  only  foundation,  instead  of  built  Lament  of  a  Massachusetts  Apu 

combs.  And  when  the  honey  comes 
in  freely,  the  bees  cannot  build  out 
the  foundation  fast  enough  to  hold  it, 
and  they  cram  it  into  the  brood  nest 
until  there  is  not  room  enough  for 
the  queen  to  lay,  and  then  swarming 
takes  place. 


anst. 

By  Joe  Pen. 

DITOR  BEE-KEEPER:  —  A 
stinging  cold  day  in  March  found 
me  in  close  conversation  with  a 


But  the  most  remarkable  and,  to  ^^"tleman  owning  the  finest  cattle  in 
me,   inexplicable    feature    of   the    case,     ^       county,    the    prize-winning    sheep, 

is  the  fact  that  the  young  queen  will  t"0"sands  of  acres  of  pasture,  wood- 
defend  herself,  and  prevent  the  bees  ^",'  brooks,  stones  and  rattle- 
from    crowding   the    brood    nest    with   snakes,  and  thirty  stands  of  bees  that 

honey,  far  better  than  an  older  one.  ^^"'^  '"^o  winter  quarters  with  su- 
That's    one    thing    for    which    I    don't   P^''^  ^"*^   honey  boxes   all  on. 

see   any   adequate   explanation,  but   it  ,    After  a   lunch  on   cold   lobster   and 

is  a  fact  all  the  same;  and  I  presume  "°^    Scotch,   1    started   in   high   spirits 

the  reason  why  young  queens  do  not  °"     "^^     ten-mile     drive     home.     The 

often  swarm.  prospect    of   being   associated    with    a 

However,  the  above  applies  to  Prominent  gentleman  who  would  have 
comb  honey  work.  The  European  ^  dozen  apiaries,  rear  queens  by  the 
apiculturists  who  use  modern  hives  thousand,  supply  the  champagne-tint- 
always  work  for  extracted  honey.  ^^  palates  of  our  exclusive  summer 
That  changes  the  condition  entirely,  residents  with  choicest  honey,  filled 
If  enough  empty  combs  are  given,  "^^  with  glee,  although  the  thought 
the  queen  will  not  be  crowded,  ^^^^  ^  would  not  be  able  to  enter  the 
but  she  will  have  all  the  space  '^nks  of  those  who  were  rearing 
needed;  and  no  matter  whether  she  is  q|^ieens  in  quantities  rather  clouded  the 
one,  two,  three  or  four  years  old,  or  picture,  but  the  stock  I  had  worked 
more,  there  is  not  likely  to  be  any  ^o  hard  to  improve,  and  when  I  had 
swarming  until  she  begins  to  fail.  got  it  on  as  good  a  honey-producing 

There  is  another  condition  that  I  basis  as  T  could,  would  simply  be 
should  have  taken  in  consideration,  transferred  to  a  new  field,  and  the 
Most  of  the  bees  in  Europe  are  kept  few  short  cuts  in  the  business  I  had 
in  box  hives,  rather  straw  hives  or  studied  out  would  be  applied  to  a 
skeps,  entirely  too  small.  The  mod-  larger  field.  This  was  the  mental 
ern  or  movable-comb  hives  are  often  picture.  Now  for  the  facts  and  re- 
one-story  affairs,  entirely  too  small.  suits: 

I    have    but    very    little    experience  A  large  order — not  so  large  as  we 

with   small   hives,   and  furthermore,  1  at     first     intended — was     made     out. 

don't  want  any  of  it;  but  I  can  readi-  When    it    was    forwarded,    instead    of 

ly    see    that    in    such    cases    the    most  hundreds  of  hives,  it  was  twenty.  But 

prolific     queens,    usually    the    young-  with   the  thirty  eight-frame  hives  this 

est,    will    fill    all    the    available    space  would  do.  and  of  course  more  material 

the   quickest  and   swarm  the   first  and  would  be  coming  right  along.  Strange 

most  often.     In  fact,  an  inferior  queen  as  it  may  seem,  many  of  the  colonies 

might  have  all  the  space  needed  and  survived  without  any  protection.  The 

not   swarm   in   a   hive  too  small  for  a  last  year's   honey  boxes  being  on  the 


better    queen. 
Knoxville,  Tenn.,  Dec.    10,   1904. 


Mr.  Wm.  Smith.  Cameron,  Calif., 
writes  that  "the  past  honey  season 
was  a  flat  failure  in  Southern  Califor- 
nia." 


Can  you  use  a  few  sample  copies? 


hives,  as  I  mentioned  before.  Twen- 
ty to  thirty  "below,"  and  no  protec- 
tion, out  on  their  summer  stands — • 
how  did  a  bee  manage  to  survive? 

A  large  house  was  in  course  of  con- 
struction, plenty  of  carpenters,  and 
yet   not  one  for  the  twenty  hives. 

After  much  urging  and  strong  talk, 
the'    hives    were    assembled,    bees,    in 


8 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER 


nail-kegs,  soap-boxes  and  any  old 
thing  were  produced,  not  when  they 
should  have  been,  early  in  the  sea- 
son, but  when  the  honey  flow  was  at 
its  height,  and  some  even  when  the 
best  of  the  flow  had  passed.  These 
had  to  be  driven  out  and  started  on 
ten  sheets  of  foundation.  Then  old 
hives  and  boxes  were  well  filled  with 
honey  and  brood. 

Sections  were,  not  ready  for  the 
strong  colonies.  I  could  make  the 
trip  but  once  a  week  and  spend  one 
day.  The  promised  honey  house  was 
never  built.  The  bees  were  located 
in  an  orchard,  five  hundred  feet  from 
the  carpenter  and  paint  shops.  Smok- 
er would  be  thrown  into  some  ob- 
scure lime  barrel  by  an  inquisitive 
carpenter,  and  an  hour  lost  in  re- 
claiming it.  Tools,  supers,  hives — 
everthing  misplaced. 

"Next  week,"  "next  week,"  we  will 
have  a  bee-house,  an  extractor,  and 
everything  would  go  fine;  so  I  was 
mollified  again  and  cooled  down 
from  a  temperatuire  nearly  200 
to  no,  and  not  until  the  season 
had  practically  passed  did  I  realize 
that  my  season's  work  for  my  wealthy 
employer  was  lost,  and  only  by  stren- 
uous night  work  was  I  able  to  keep 
my  own  stock  in  condition,  which  I 
fortunately  kept  at  my  home.  One 
colony  produced  ninety  pounds  of 
honey,  and  had  these  bees  been  han- 
dled as  I  desired,  there  is  no  reason 
to  doubt  that  a  good  crop  could  have 
been  secured. 

These  bees  are  now  in  fine  condi- 
tion for  winter,  well  packed,  and  I 
wonder,  as  I  try  to  keep  the  smoke  of 
my  endless  fire  from  making  me 
weep  as  I  write,  "who  will  be  the  next 
lucky  man,"  as  they  say  at  the  fairs. 

I  cannot  tell  you  of  the  exasperat- 
ing experiences  I  have  had  in  han- 
dling this  small  bunch  of  bees — of  the 
painful  sensation  of  utter  helplessness 
that  came  over  me  at  times  when  I 
realized  that  ultimate  failure  was 
staring  me  in  the  face,  and  yet  I 
could  not  throw  up  my  contract.  I 
disliked  to  acknowledge  defeat^  when 
I  was  powerless  to  prevent  it.  1 
could  write  a  volume  on  my  experi- 
ence this  summer,  and,  after  all,  I 
never  met  a  finer  gentleman,  a  more 
kindly  disposed  man,  cheerful,  gen- 
erous   and    broad-minded,    but    not    a 


January, 

bee  man.  Do  you.  Mister  Man,  realize 
that  Mrs.  Bee  will  wait  for  no  man, 
for  she  knows  that  winter  waits  for 
no  one,  and  you  must  anticipate  her 
wants  and  needs  or  you  will  come  to 
grief,  as  did  your  friend. 

I  heard  an  old  darkey  sing  a  song 
when  I  was  quite  a  boy,  each  stanza 
ending  with  these  words  "The  bogey 
man  will  get  you  if  you  don't  watch 
out." 

(The  foregoing  letter  to  the  editor 
is  published  because  of  the  excellent 
lesson  upon  the  necessity  for  prepara- 
tion which  it  teaches  us.  We  sympa- 
thize with  our  correspondent, — Ed.) 


TREATMENT  OF  FOUL  BROOD. 


By  J.   E.  Johnson. 

ON  PAGE  246  Mr.  Hewitt  gives 
some  valuable  points  on  foul 
brood,  informing  us  that  he  is 
the  discoverer  of  the  plan  of  treating 
the  disease  usually  spoken  of  as  the 
McEvoy  plan.  Such  being  the  case,  we 
certainly  are  greatly  indebted  to  Mr. 
Hewitt.  But,  by  reading  further,  we 
find  he  makes  the  following  unwar- 
ranted statement:  "This  is  the  only 
cure  that  will  ever  cure  foul  brood 
except  heat."  Also  he  says,  when 
comparing  strawberry  seeds  to  the 
bacilli  and  spores  of  foul  brood: 
"Just  fancy  he  was  able  to  kill  the^ 
plant  with  some  kind  of  gas  or  other 
nostrum,  how  would  he  kill  the 
seeds?"  If  I  understand  correctly, 
Mr.  Hewitt's  plan  is  not  a  cure  at 
all.  The  bees  are  simply  separate' 
from  the  diseased  combs,  hive  an 
brood,  then  the  disease  is  destroye 
by  heat,  and  when  bees  have  used  al 
honey  in  comb-building,  the  nex 
brood  will  not  be  near  any  germs  an 
spores,  consequently  free  from  dis- 
ease. 

In  olden  times,  when  the  blacb 
plague  nearly  depopulated  whol 
cities,  those  who  had  not  contracted 
the  disease  simply  fled,  after  having 
set  fire  to  the  city,  and  as  both  the 
dead  people  and  buildings  had  been 
consumed  by  fire,  the  disease  was 
stamped  out.  As  I  understand  it,  the 
•Hewitt  or  McEvoy  plan  is  somewhat 
on  that  order. 

Because   Mr.   Hewitt   has   not  been 


)05.  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  g 

iccessful  with  gas  in  disinfecting  stove  and  by  starting  a  fire  and  giv- 
les  not  in  any  way  prove  that  it  can  ing  a  steady  draft  it  will  burn,  but  if 
Dt  be,  nor  will  ever  be  done.  It  you  then  close  the  stove  air-tight,  the 
lerely    proves    his    non-success.  fire  will  very  quickly  go  out.     Why? 

In  Chicago  alone  there  has  been  Because  fire  depends  upon  a  union  of 
/er  a  dozen  cases  of  smallpox  this  the  fuel  burned  with  the  oxygen  of 
;ar,  besides  many  cases  of  other  in-  the  air.  Fire  is  the  product  of  oxygen 
ctious  diseases,  but  it  was  prevent-  united  with  the  fuel,  and  you  cannot 
i  from  spreading,  just  for  the  simple  even  burn  a  pine  shaving  without  oxy- 
■ason  that  gas  does  kill  the  seeds  or  S^^-  It  would  be  just  as  reasonable 
)ores  of  disease  germs,  when  prop-  to  expect  the  fire  to  burn  steadily  m 
ly  applied.  This  has  been  proven  an  air-tight  stove  by  occasionally  lift- 
;yond  doubt.  If  it  were  not  so,  the  i"g  the  lid  and  giving  a  puff  with  your 
ipid  interminghng  of  people  by  hat  and  closing  air-tight  again,  as 
odern  modes  of  travel  would  soon  to  expect  a  steady  forming  of  formic 
luse  fearful  epidemics  over  the  acid  in  all  parts  of  the  tank  by  a  sim- 
hole  world.     But  happily  for  us,  as    ilar  action. 

ion  as  any  one  is  found  to  have  an  It  is  just  as  necessary  to  have  a 
factious  disease,  the  law  says  the  steady  flow  of  oxygen  to  unite  with 
Duse  must  be  quarantined,  and  when  formaldehyde  to  produce  formic  acid 
le  patient  is  either  dead  or  recover-  as  it  is  to  have  a  constant  flow  of 
1,  the  room  is  disinfected  and  pro-  oxygen  to  unite  with  the  fuel  in  your 
^^nced  safe  and  free  from  all  dan-  stove  to  make  the  fire  burn;  only  that 
ir  of  disease,  and  people  continue  to  oxygen  is  much  more  active  in  a  high 
ccupy  those  same  rooms  without  temperature  and  is  not  needed  nearly 
mger.  A  physician  will  visit  these  so  fast  in  producing  formic  acid  as  it 
itients  of  smallpox  or  other  infec-  is  in  producing  fire.  The  Ohio  bee- 
ous  diseases  and  still  mingle  with  keepers  only  proved  their  inability  to 
Kiety  without  danger  of  carrying  use  the  gas  properly.  They  never  will 
le  disease,  by  the  proper  use  of  for-  prove  formaldehyde  inefficient  in  kill- 
aldehyde  gas  and  other  means;  and  ing  either  germs  or  spores,  because  its 
;  Bacillus  alvei  and  its  seeds  are  of  value  is  firmly  established  as  a  germ 
le    same    nature,    they   will    succumb    and    spore    destroyer,    when    properly 

used. 

As  I  said  before,  our  laws  compel 
the  quarantining  of  people  or  animals 
having  a  contagious  disease.  Why 
should  not  the  law  do  the  same  in  the 
case  of  bees?  If  our  government 
ary.  So,  although  w€  are  greatly  would  apply  the  same  rules  and  the 
debted  to  Mr.  Hewitt  for  his  very  same  amount  of  energy  to  stamp  out 
iportant  discovery,  the  time  of  dis-  ^otil  brood  that  it  does  smallpox,  chol- 
era and  other  diseases,  then  this  foul 
brood  question  would  be  rapidly  set- 
tled. 
WilHamsfield,  Ills.,  Dec.  8,   1904. 


I  the  same  treatment. 
The  man  who  invented  the  first 
nt  locked  musket  might  have  said 
lat  a  flint-lock  gun  was  the  only 
nd  of  a  gun  that  would  ever  shoot; 
it  modern    firearms    prove   the    con 


)veries  is  not  yet  ended.  As  I  have 
lid  before,  formaldehyde  stands  at 
le  head  as  an  effective  disinfectant, 
"cause  by  uniting  with  the  oxygen  of 
le  air  it  produces  formic  acid,  and 
formaldehyde  is  of  about  the  same 
)ecific  gravity  as  air,  it  will  pene- 
ate  where  air  will.  I  say  this  not 
n  my  own  authority,  but  because 
3me  of  the  best  authority  in  the 
orld  says  so,  and  the  non-success  of 
le  air-tight  tanks  t-nds  to  prove  this. 
On  page  208  Mr.  O.  C.  Fuller  says 
;  tried  formaldehyde,  using  his 
nks  air-tight,  but  failed  to  get  good 
suits;  then  he  raised  the  lid  and 
nned  in  the  air  with  his  hat,  but  still 
iled.      If  you   put    some   wood   in   a 


COMB  HONEY  IN  CUBA. 


Something  About  It  from  the  Pen  of 

One   of  the   Most   Extensive 

Producers  on  the  Island. 


By  C.  E.  Woodward. 

DITOR  HILL:— A  reader  of 
your  journal  wishes  to  know 
if  comb  honey  can  be  produced 
in  Cuba  satisfactorily.  I  answer, 
yes.     Comb  honey  can  be  produced  in 


E 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Tanuar 


Cuba   just   as    well   as    in   the    United    ence  with  Punic  bees  for  twelve  yea 

States  and,  in  fact,  much  better  than  is   so  different   to   what  Prof    Bentc 

in    Florida,   and   can   be   kept  just   as  says  they  are,  that  I   feel  sure   the 

long;    in    fact,    it    is    produced    both  must  be  either  some  very  great  mi 

summer  and  winter,  and  constant  and  take,    or    there    is    something    unde 

expensive    vigilance    is    not    required  neath  the   surface   that  I   know  not 

here  in  Cuba  as  it  is  in  Florida.  ing  of. 

I   have   kept   comb   honey   here   the        I   see   you   say,   on   page  213    "th 

year  round  and  had  no  "weeping"  or  they  have  been  active  honey  gathere 

sweating  from  it  ^vhatever.     In  regard  and     have     been,     under    all     circur 

to    producmg    a    hne    class    of    comb  stances,    very     gentle     and     amiabh 

honey  in   Cuba,  I  will  say  that  it  all  Surely    this    does    not    confirm    Pre 

Ifrl    Th      fi         T"^""';,     7^^    "^T  Benton's   statement  on  page  204,   th 

care,    the    finer    the    product,    and    let  they    are    "spiteful    stingers,    as    vi 

ron.f':.    'h^  '•'■'  r^u'   ,^h^"    the  dictive  as  the  worst  race  known." 

honey   producers   m    Cuba   learn   this,         a      t  i.  -j    t  , 

then  the  desired  results  will  be  accom-  ,   ^^  ^  ,     ^^  ^^'°'  ^  "^^e  kept  Puni 

plished.  fo.^   twelve   years,   and   my  experien 

1   have   taken   400   pounds   of   first-  "^'^^   ^^^'^    '^    ^^    follows: 
class    comb    honey   from   a   colony   in        ^-     Their     temper. — I     have     nev 

a  single   season.     My  comb  honey  is  found    them    more    irritable    than   ai 

sold    in    Havana    for    ten    cents    per  other  kind  of  bee.     I  have  always  be^ 

pound.     This  is   what  I  get  for  it  in  able  to  handle  them  well  and  comfoi' 

gold,   laid   down   there.  ably;  in  fact,  my  experience  has  bc' 

Remember,  as  a  rule,  when  you  are  that  they  are  less  irritable  than  sor 

producing  a  fancy  class  of  comb  hon-  kinds  I  have  had  to  do  with,  especi; 

ey,    you    are    simply    catering    to    the  ly  the  Ligurian,  which  I  found  a  mc 

users      of      luxuries.      Wealthy      and  savage  race. 

stylish    customers    will    have     a     fine        2.      Wintering.— I    never   found   a. 

article   at  any  price      A  little   intelli-  race    winter   better    and    wanting   le 

gence   will   prove   this.     See   that   not  attention    and    care    than    Punic    be. 

one     pound    of    comb     honey    leaves  They  require  less  covering  and  sta 

your   apiary  that  is   not  in   first-class  ^^^    ^  ^f  this    climate    admirab 


shape.  A  successful  apiarist  will 
look  well  to  this  point.  Grade  all 
the  honey  honestly.  Above  all,  I  be- 
seech you,  let  taste  and  neatness  be 
your  leading  star. 


keeping    perfectly    healthy    and    kee 
ing  their  hives  clean  and  dry. 

3.  They  are  proof  against  fc 
brood.  I  have  not  had  a  single  ca 
of  disease  since  I  began  to  keep  th 
race.  I  have  on  more  than  one  occ 
sion  given  a  swarm  to  friends  who 
hives  were  infected  throughout  wi 
foul  brood,  which  they  put  in  the 
An     English     Clergyman     Who     Has    apiaries     and    not    a    single    swarm 

gave  took  the  disease. 

I  was  much  struck  by  the  fact  th 
an  "expert"  of  the  British  Bee-Kee 
ers'  Association,  who  had  "laug 
at,"  "scoffed  at"  and  "ridiculed"  r 
apiary  of  Punic  bees,  for  at  least  t\ 
years,  when  on  his  rounds  visitii 
this  district,  entered  an  apiary  bad 
infected  with  foul  brood,  and  he  sa 

EDITOR  AMERICAN  BEE-  to  the  owner:  "You  have  the  disea 
KEEPER:— I  notice  a  long  arti-  badly  here.  All  your  hives  ha^ 
cle  by  Prof.  Frank  Benton  in  it  except  one,  and  this  one  is  healtl 
your  October  issue,  and  I  am  not  a  and  strong,  and  these  appear  to  be^ 
little  surprised  at  some  of  his  state-  different  kind  of  bee.  Can  you  a| 
ments.  I  scarcely  know  how  to  ex-  count  for  this?"  And  the  owner  rj 
press  my  astonishment  at  the  state-  plied,  "Oh,  yes;  those  are  M 
ments   I  refer  to,  because  my  experi-    Kempe's    kind    of   bees.      They    are 


Matanzas,  Cuba,  Nov.  25,  1904. 


PUNIC  BEES  AGAIN. 


Kept  Funics  for  Twelve  Years, 
Disagrees  Emphatically  with  Prof. 
Benton. 

By  Rev.  J.  A.  Kempe, 

Vicar   of   the    Parish   of   S.   Veryan, 

Cornwall. 


EXTRACTING   UNSEALED 


.^905.  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  il 

6  grand     lot.       They     never     get     foul   straightforward  dealings).  He  is  quite 
Dt  srood."  ^s    much   a   stranger   to   me   as    Prof. 

Il       This    expert    came    and    called    on    Frank  Benton,  and  I  would  not  have 
a  ne  and  we  had  a  long  talk  together,    written   this    at   all,   only   I    feel    it   is- 
li  md    before    he    left    he     ordered     five  my     duty    to    bear   testimony    to   the 
ifl  swarms    (which   he  took  away  on  his  truth  as  I  have  found  it  in  my  twelve 
bicycle   a    few    days    later)    to    put   in  years'  experience,  and  to  stand  up  for 
-other  infected  apiaries  in  his  district,  my  dear  little  friends,  the  "Punic  bees." 
He    found    my    statement    true    as    to   I    can    never   sit   still   and    hear    them 
foul   brood    and   he   asked  if   I  would  "ridiculed"    and    "spoken    evil    of,"   as 
supply    him    with     twenty     or     thirty  they  do  not  deserve  it,  for  they  have 
swarms  the  next  season;  and  he  told  been    good,    faithful    and   valuable    to 
ime  later  that  he  had  ordered  and  ob-  me,  and  I  verily  believe  they  will  be 
•tained    queens    of    Mr.    Hewitt,    as    I   ot  the  same  value  to  any  other  bee- 
advised   him,   and    that    he   was    more  keeper  who  gives  them  a  fair  and  hon- 
than   pleased  with   these   Funics.      He  est  trial. 
was    quite    converted.  Cornwall,  England,  Nov.  14,  1904. 

4.  Honey  Gatherers.— They  are 
grand  workers  and  will  be  out,  busy, 
very  early  and  late,  and  even  in  misty, 
dull    weather,    when    other    bees    will  HONEY, 

not    venture    outside    their     entrance;  ^ 

and  this  refers  to  honey  gathering  in 

sections,  supers  or  for  extracting.  gy  p^.^^  ^    Parker. 

I  have  never  had,  in  all  my  experi- 
?nce  a  single  crate  of  sections  or  a  -ir  wR.  EDITOR:— I  read  with  much 
super  injured  in  any  way  by  bee  IWI  interest  the  article  by  Mr.  O.  O. 
glue."  I  have  been  a  great  exhibitor  xtj.  poppig^on  in  your  September 
for  many  years  in  large  county  [^^^^Q^  entitled  "A  Popular  Fallacy." 
shows,  in  the  Royal  shovvs  of  all  -p^  ^^  ^{^^  this  question  of  extract- 
England,  in  colonial  exhibitions;  and  j^^g  honey  before  it  is  entirely  sealed 
I  consider  my  exhibits  have  been  j^^  ^^  some  extent,  a  question  of  lo- 
judged   at   these    shows   by   first-class  ^ality. 

eminent   judges,   and    I    have    taken   a  j    know    nothing   of   the    conditions 

great   many    first    prizes^  and    medals,  governing    the    production    of    honey 

beating    many    "experts"     in     leading  j^^    q^^^   ^^^^   Florida,  except  what   I 

shows,    which,    I    think,    proves    (lar  ^^^^    ^^^^       ^^    northern    Santa    Bar- 

,  better  than  pages  of  correspondence)  ^^^.^  county,   California,  and  in  Ivan- 

that  these  "poor  despised  Funics     are  j^^^  county,  Nevada,  honey  could  not 

a  grand  race  of  bees,  which  do  their  |^^  -j^^^.  ^^  ^■^^^  j^j^^g  ^^^^jl  sealed  with- 

work   well,   and   are   in   every   way   an  ^^^^    materially    lessening    the    output, 

advantage     and     benefit     to     a     bee-  -^^^  ^^ly  jg  ^j-^jg  ^rue,  but  the  quality 

keeper.                                                      .  of  honey  would   not  be   improved.   In 

5.  Swarming.— In  a  large  apiary,  ^^^^  ^.1^^^^  localities,  the  flow  often 
like  mine,  I  have  found,  as  a  rule,  that  (,Qj^es  o^  quick,  and  it  behooves  the 
about  one  for  two  at  the  most)  out  of  apiarist  to  make  the  most  of  it.  In 
the  lot  will  have  the  "swarming  fever  Lo^pac,  Cal.,  I  practice  starting  the 
md  throw  five,  six  and  even  seven  extractor  when  the  combs  are  sealed 
;warms  and  hatch  several  _  dozen  ^^1^^^^  to  the  middle,  or  one-half  of 
queens;  but  the  large  majority  will  ^■^^  surface  of  the  comb.  This  honey 
take  readily  to  their  supers  (sec-  j^  ^■^^^  allowed  to  stand  in  the  three- 
tional  or  otherwise)  and  give  a  ^^^  canvas-covered  tank  and  evapo- 
?oodly  harvest.  I  have  taken  as  ^^^^  until  it  attains  the  proper  con- 
much  as  185  (one  hundred  and  eighty-  gigtency.  In  most  cases  the  bees 
five)  pounds  of  comb  honey  from  one  .^^ould  occupy  from  three  to  five  days 
hive,  gathered  in  twenty-seven  clear  ^^  complete  sealing  these  combs 
'days.      That    I    am    contented    with.  There  is  where  the  gain  comes  from. 

I  do  not  know  Mr.  Hewitt  person-  The  honey  can  ripen  just  as  well  in 
illy  (although  I  deal  with  him  in  the  tank  as  in  the  hive,  and  the  ma- 
Punic  bees,  and  can  most  highly  rec-  jority  of  the  bees  are  not  compelled 
ommend     him     for     his     honest     and  to    lay    idle,    or    resort    to    the    brood 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Januar 


combs,    to    tiiid    room    to    store    the 
honey. 

Mr.  Poppleton  says  that  "nearly  or 
quite  nine-tenths  of  all  loss  of  weight 
caused  by  curing  of  newly  gathered 
honey  in  the  hive  occurs  during  the 
first  twelve  or  fifteen  hours  after  it 
is  first  deposited  in  the  hives."  This 
■being  true,  I  see  no  reason  in  leav- 
ing the  honey  on  the  hives  several 
days  longer,  thus  limitin-r  the  stor- 
age capacity  of  the  hive,  just  to  al- 
low the  honey  to  lose  the  one-tenth 
in  weight  necessary  to  thoroughly 
ripen.  Why  not  extract  it  and  allow 
the  honey  to  ripen  in  the  tank,  thus 
giving  the  bees  room  to  work?  I  am 
not  arguing  for  the  extraction  of  hon- 
ey before  it  is  all  sealed  in  localities 
with  which  I  am  unfamiliar,  but  I 
maintain  that  in  northern  Santa  Bar- 
bara county,  Cal.,  a  bee-keeper  would 
lose  one-third  of  his  yield  and  have 
no  better  or  more  salable  honey  by 
waiting  until  all  the  honey  is  sealed. 
I  make  it  a  practice  to  case  no  honey 
that  weighs  less  than  twelve  pounds 
to  the  gallon,  and  so  far  as  I  know, 
no  customer  has  ever  complained  of 
the  quality,  but  many  have  been  the 
compliments  I  received  regarding  the 
color,  body  and  flavor  of  my  honey. 
I  had  some  experience  this  year  help- 
ing extract  honey  in  the  apiary  of  Mr. 
J.  F.  Aitken,  an  extensive  bee-keeper 
of  Reno,  Nevada.  Owing  to  a  rush  in 
the  comb  honey  business,  this  honey 
was  left  on  the  hives  until  it  was  en- 
tirely sealed  and  ripened.  The  result 
was  that  about  one-tenth  of  the  new 
combs  were  destroyed  in  the  extrac- 
tor, and  we  were  very  careful, 
often  not  throwing  out  two-thirds  of 
the  honey.  The  frames  were  the 
Langstroth,  and  were  fully  wired. 
Alfalfa  honey  is  very  heavy-bodied, 
and  in  a  warm,  dry  climate,  like  Ivan- 
hoe  county,  Nev.,  one  should  start 
extracting  when  one-third  of  the  hon- 
ey is  sealed,  and  allow  it  to  finish 
ripening  in  the  tank. 

This  extracting  of  honey  before  it 
is  entirely  sealed  is  a  common  prac- 
tice in  portions  of  the  West,  and  the 
fact  that  our  honey  is  always  in  de- 
mand and  commands  a  good  price  is 
evidence  that  it  is  a  good  article.  The 
extracting  and  sale  of  unripe  honey  is 
not  to  be  defended,  and  will  react, 
boomerang-like,  against  the  man 
practicing  it;  for   he   is  not  likely  to 


sell  this  quality  of  honey  twice  to  tt 
same  purchaser.  But  the  extractin 
of  partially  sealed  honey,  allowing 
to  ripen  in  a  tank,  is  another  propc 
sition.  That  is  a  scientific  proces 
and  I  would  not  encourage  the  novic 
to  attempt  it;  but  the  expert  who  use 
this  method  and  thus  increases  h 
j'ield  is  to  be  commended.  He  is  nc 
an  "unscrupulous  person,"  but  a  lei 
el-headed  business  man. 

A  man  should  study  the  conditior 
of  his  own  locality  and  practic 
methods  that  will  bring  him  t\ 
largest  yield  of  good  honey,  but  1: 
should  not  make  the  mistake  of  a; 
suming  that  his  plan  is  a  general  prii 
ciple  applicable  to  all  localities  alik 

Wadsworth,  Nev.,  Oct.  i8,  1904. 

Our  correspondent  is  correct,  i 
that  the  "extracting  of  honey  befoj 
it  is  sealed  is  to  some  extent  a  ma 
ter  of  locality."  However,  we  thir 
that  Mr.  Poppleton  has  never  rc' 
ommended  the  practice  of  .leaviri 
honey  upon  the  hive  until  sealed.  Ui 
der  certain  conditions  honey  may  1 
in  excellent  condition  to  extract  whc 
but  slightly  sealed,  while  under  othi 
circumstances  certain  kinds  of  hone 
that  is  entirely  sealed  will  not  kee 
M-ell.  These  are  points  with  whi( 
the  expert  is  familiar,  but  not  unde 
stood  by  the  inexperienced.  Expe 
skill  in  handling  extracted  honey 
not  so  important  in  the  arid  West  : 
it  is  in  most  other  localities.  Cond 
tions  there  naturally  take  care  of  tl 
honey  under  almost  any  and  all  ci 
cumstances.  Not  so,  however,  i 
many  other  places. — Editor. 


SWARTHMORE  DEMONSTRA- 
TION 


Before  the  Pennsylvania  Conventioi 

By  our  own  Special  Correspondent. 

IN  HIS  REMARKS  before  the  Pent 
sylvania  State   Bee-Keepers'  Assc 
ciation,  at  its  annual  meeting  hel 
in  Harrisburg,  December  6  to  7,  E.  I 
Pratt,    of    Swarthmore,   said: 

"I    have    been    asked    to    prepare 
paper  on   some   queen-rearing  subjet 
for  this  convention,  and  I  think  I  ca 
not  do  better  than  to  give  a  brief  e? 
planation    and    demonstration    of   tb 


1905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


13 


queen-rearing  appliances  we  have 
used  in  Swarthmore  with  so  much 
success  and  satisfaction. 

"When  I  first  entered  the  queen- 
rearing  field  the  laborious  methods 
employed  quite  discouraged  me.  To 
continue  in  the  business  I  must  needs 
hire  help  or  devise  means  to  reduce 
labor.  The  latter  I  set  out  to  do,  and 
the  things  here  before  you  are  the 
results    of   my   efforts." 

Both  the  old  and  the  more  recent 
queen-rearing  methods  were  briefly 
reviewed  and  the  necessity  for  a  sep- 
arable and  easily  removable  queen 
cell  was  clearly  shown.  To  avoid  the 
delicate  surgical  operations,  we  were 
compelled  to  perform  by  old  methods 
(previous  to  the  emerging  of  the 
young  queens),  a  wooden  cup  is  now 
used. 

The  top  application  of  the 
"Swarthmore"  pressed  queen  cups 
was  explained  and  the  many  labor- 
saving  points  of  a  flange  cup  were  set 
forth   by   demonstration. 

The  process  of  waxing  the  cups, 
pressing  the  cells  and  grafting  them 
without  royal  jelly  was  gone  through 
with  and  numerous  questions  from  the 
floor  were  answered.  The  use  of  the 
Swarthmore  open-top  holding-frames 
and  the  manner  of  applying  cell-bars, 
incubating  and  confining  cages  to 
them  through  slits  in  the  sheets,  from 
the  tops  of  the  hives,  without  dis- 
turbance to  the  bees,  was  also  dem- 
onstrated, and  the  simplicity  and  la- 
bor-saving points  of  each  carefully 
set  out. 

The  speaker  then  branched  into  the 
wholesale  possibilities  of  the  Swarth- 
more plan,  showing  how  large  num- 
bers of  queen  cells  may  be  secured 
and  cared  for. 

A  number  of  small  .cups,  set  side 
by  side  in  a  little  frame,  so  as  to 
resemble  a  coinb  in  which  the  breed- 
ing queen  will  deposit  eggs  to  save 
the  long  process  of  grafting  by  hand, 
attracted  considerable  attention  and 
brought  forth  much  comment  and 
many  questions.  It  was  shown  how 
these  little  cups,  each  containing  an 
tgg,  could  be  drawn  from  the  frame, 
slipped  into  holding-shells  and  given 
to  the  bees  for  queen-rearing,  and 
how  other  cups  could  be  replaced  in 
the  frame  for  future  use  in  cell  get- 
ting. 

Previous  to   his   explanation  of  the 


miniature  mating  boxes  the  speaker 
quoted  from  his  book,  "Baby  Nuclei," 
the   following  words   of  introduction: 

"It  was  in  1881  that  I  first  began  to 
experiment  with  section-box  nuclei 
for  mating  queens.  Some  three  or  four 
years  later  the  plan  I  had  been  com- 
mercially successful  with  was  pub- 
lished in  the  journals  of  that  day  and 
in  pamphlet  form,  under  the  title  of 
"Pratt's  New  System  of  Nuclei  Man- 
agement." Never  to  this  day  have  I 
to  any  extent  used  more  than  a  hand- 
ful of  bees  in  a  little  box  for  the  sole 
purpose  of  mating  my  queens.  My 
little  baby  mating  boxes  have  been 
condemned  by  nearly  all  the  profes- 
sionals, including  Mr.  Alley,  in  whose 
yard  I  had  the  pleasure  of  studying 
with  profit  for  some  three  or  four 
seasons.  In  the  face  of  all  this  oppo- 
sition I  have  clung  to  my  little  mat- 
ing boxes  and  have  improved  them 
from  year  to  year,  until  we  now  have 
what  is  called  the  "Ideal."  Time  and 
time  again  have  I  called  attention  to 
the  woeful  waste  of  bees,  labor  and 
material  by  the  older  mating  meth- 
ods— but  I  could  get  no  hearing  until 
a  recent  year.  It  so  happened  that  I 
succeeded  in  mating  a  large  number 
of  queens  from  my  little  boxes  fitted 
into  frames  and  hung  on  stakes,  also 
attached  in  different  ways  to  the 
sides  of  hives.  My  description  of 
these  experiments  was  admitted  in 
part  to  "Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture," 
which  renewed  interest  in  small  mat- 
ing nuclei,  and  the  question  now 
seems  to  command  wide  interest  be- 
cause of  the  wondrous  saving  in  ex- 
pense over  any  other  method  of 
queen  mating." 

In  opening  the  queen  mating  ques- 
tion, the  speaker  said  that  twenty-five 
bees  will  mate  a  queen.  Fifty  will  do 
it  better,  but  more  than  a  small  tea- 
cupful  is  a  positive  disadvantage.  The 
design  of  the  Swarthmore  mating  nu- 
cleus box  was  shown,  and  the  manner 
of  hanging  them  to  little  T  stands 
driven  into  the  ground  together  with 
the  manner  employed  to  supply  them 
with  small  combs  and  storing  them 
with  honey;  also  how  bees  are  obtain- 
ed and  supplied  in  small  lots  to  each 
little  mating  box. 

While  on  the  question  of  queen 
introduction,  Mr.  Pratt  said:  "It  was 
Mr.  Doolittle  who  showed  us  how  to 
successfully    introduce    virgin    queens 


14 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER 


to  confined  and  broodless  bees;  Mr. 
Alley  it  was  who  taught  us  the  use 
of  the  tobaco  pipe  for  the  same  pur- 
pose, and  it  is  hard  for  me  to  decide 
which  is  the  greater  gift.  Both  are 
golden." 

"The  folly  of  brushing  the  bees  from 
small  mating  boxes  directly  they  had 
mated  a  single  queen  is  apparent,'' 
said  the  speaker,  "when  the  same 
bees  can  be  made  to  mate  queen  after 
queen,  either  by  pre-introduction  or 
by  giving  ripe  cells."  When  the  sim- 
ple manner  of  giving  cells  to  baby 
nuclei  was  demonstrated,  applause 
followed. 

After  going  through  the  diflferent 
means  employed  in  quickly  feeding 
the  babies  with  bulb  and  tube,  or  by 
means  of  little  bottles,  Mr.  Pratt 
showed  the  convention  how  sub- 
stantial bee  hives  are  made  by  him 
from  paper  at  a  cost  of  only  a  few 
cents  per  hive,  and  a  little  labor;  at 
the  close  of  which  a  standing  vote  of 
thanks  was  given  to  "Swarthmore" 
for    his    interesting   talk. 

At  the  close  of  his  remarks.  Prof. 
H.  A.  Surface,  M.  S.,  Economic  Zo- 
ologist in  the  Pennsylvania  State  De- 
partment of  Agriculture,  at  Harris- 
burg,  and  president  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania State  Bee-keepers'  Association, 
paid  "Swarthmore"  a  most  glowing 
tribute. 

The  private  secretary  of  Governor 
Pennypacker  said  he  had  come  to  the 
meeting  for  the  purpose  of  conveying 
the  regrets  of  the  Governor,  who  was 
unable  to  attend,  owing  to  pressure 
of  business  of  state;  it  had  not  been 
his  intention  to  stay  more  than  a  few 
minutes,  but  the  absorbing  interest 
of  the  topic  had  held  him  far  beyond 
the  usual  leave,  and  he  would  certain- 
ly report  to  the  Governor  what  he 
had  heard  at  this  meeting. 


ANOTHER  VISIT  FROM  THE 
DEACON'S  GHOST. 


Ah-h!     Whewl 

I  thought  you  all  never  would  set- 
tle down  quiet  like  so's  I  could  chat 
with  yer.  If  you  don't  mind,  I'll 
drap  inter .  this  chair  and  toast  my 
back  afore  your  h'a'th. 

Yas,  T  enjoy  things  about  as  T 
uster,  and  this  yere  new  smokin'  is 
powerful  good.  Jest  shet  that  door, 
will  you?  Night  air  is  right  cool. 
I've  been  a  ruminatin'  some  more  on 


January, 

the  foreign  papers.  They're  odd 
things,  if  you'd  note  'em.  The  cir- 
cumlocution is  suthin'  awful.  Cir- 
cum-lo-cu-tion — that's  the  word.  The 
scrapin'  and  bowin'  and  palavering 
just  as  how  they  would  make  a  chap 
think  he  was  some  pumpkins,  and 
then  crack,  bang,  goes  the  club  on 
your  top. 

Now,  there  is  the  Irish  Bee  Jour- 
nal; got  good  stuff  in  it,  but  gol  durn 
it,  it  do  be  all  a  feller's  patience  is 
wuth  to  read  it.  No  wonder  when  poor 
Pat  opens  his  mouth  with  his  pen  that 
he  puts  his  foot  into  it  a  tryin'  to  cir- 
cumlocute  when  he  wants  to  fight. 
Must  be  the  fault  of  the  editors,  fori 
them  boys  don't  have  any  trouble  in" 
talking  clear  and  straight  in  our  pa- 
pers. 

Just  see  how  ^lewitt  and  Spans- 
wich  have  been  a-sputtering.  I 
reckon  it  would  help  the  boys  to  re- 
member that  discussors  should  be 
like  a  pair  of  shears  to  cut  what  gets 
between,  and  not  each  other. 

Next  time  you  drap  a  line  to  the  I. 
B.  J.  give  'em  my  respects.  I  opine 
that  if  the  editor  continues  to  Digge 
away  as  he  has  done,  he'll  work  out 
the  high  falutin'  talk  and  get  the  boys 
down   to   biz. 

.Somnambulist,  of  the  Progressive 
does  purty  well  for  a  peaky  pusson 
but  it  'pears  to  me  as  how  he'd  do 
well  to  wake  up  once  in  a  spell  and 
catch  up  with  the  world.  Gets  dowr 
to  talking  of  things  after  we  'uns  is 
all  thro'. 

Did  ye  ever  notice  what  a  flock  o 
sheep  you  bee  editors  are?  You 
shouted,  "A  bee  paper  about  bees;  no 
side  shows."  Then  the  Review  hol- 
lers, "Me  too."  Progressive  quotes  it 
and  the  race  is  started.  Reckon  some 
of  'em  will  have  to  start  some  excuse? 
or  drop  their  fads,  and  I'm  gwine  tc 
bet  they  won't  do  that  ere,  'cause 
them  side  shows  pays.  Whole  heap 
o'  folks  be  mighty  stuck  on  sich  truck 
and  the  more  loud  prayers  in  public 
places,  the  better  it  fits  'em.  Birds 
of  a  feather  flocks  in  a  bunch,  O  ye 
Scribes   and    Parasites. 

What  d'  ye  reckon  will  be  the  next 
fad  in  bee-keepin'?  It's  beyond  me. 
I  think  I'm  a  pretty  middling  good 
guesser,  but  I  won't  tackle  that.  But 
one  thing  I'll  tell  yer  that  yer  can 
be  sure  on.  It'll  be  a  payin'  biz  for 
others   than   them  as  keeps   the  bees. 

Sleepy,  be  yer?    Well,  I  flit. 

Ah-h-h-h. 


r 


ANOTHER  VISIT  FROM  THE  DEACON'S  GHOST. 


lO 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


January, 


THE 


Bee -Keeping  World 


staff  Contributors  :    F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ. 

Contributions  to  this  Department  are  solicited  from  all  quarters  of  the  earth. 


^»M  M  MM  t  ♦♦♦♦»»♦♦♦♦♦♦  tMM4IM»MMMMMMM»M»» 


GERMANY. 

"The  dififerent  localities  around 
Darnstadt,"  says  Dickel  in  111.  Bztg., 
"vary  greatly  as  to  furnishing  forage 
for  bees;  some  are  exceedingly  good, 
while  others  in  nearest  proximity  are 
so  poor  that  bees  cannot  successfullj^ 
be  kept  without  liberal  feeding  with 
sugar."  He  uses  granulated  sugar  as 
the  best  and  most  economical  sub- 
stitute. 


sorbent.  Straw  skeps  that  have 
served  a  long  term  of  years  are  so 
coated  with  bee  glue  as  to  prevent  all 
ventilation,  and  ought  to  be  provided 
with  upward  ventilation  like  other 
hives. — Wuerth  in  "Die  Biene." 


H.  Mulot  criticises  the  reports  of 
eggs  being  transferred  by  workers 
which  have  made  their  appearance 
from  time  to  time  in  different  bee  pa- 
pers. All  such  reports  have  lacked 
proof,  he  says,  and  it  is  his  opinion 
after  long  and  careful  watchfulness 
that  bees  do  not  move  eggs  to  other 
combs,  and  that  it  is  a  physical  im- 
possibility for  them  to  do  so,  and 
says  no  mortal  has  ever  witnessed 
such  an  act. — 111.  Bztg. 


Some  time  ago  Dr.  Miller,  in  Amer- 
ican Bee  Journal,  mentioned  the 
comb  foundation  with  a  tinfoil  base 
sent  out  by  Schulze,  a  noted  German 
foundation  manufacturer.  Knack  says 
in  111.  Bztg.  that  bee-keepers  in  Ger- 
many have  not  found  foundation  with 
metal  base  a  success,  but  asserts  that 
Schulze's  foundation  with  veneer  base 
is  quickly  accepted  by  the  bees  and 
that  the  queen  does  not  hesitate  to 
fill  combs  of  that  kind  with  eggs,  al- 
though the  so  constructed  combs  have 
flat-bottom  cells. 


The   disposition   of   an   unprofitable    ji 
colony  to  store  honey  may  be  materi-    IJ 
ally  increased  by  giving  them  several    '  * 
cards  of  hatching  brood  from  an  in- 
dustrious  hive,  says  Wuerth. 

The  progress  apiculture  has  made 
during  the  last  period  of  years  is 
mainly  due  to  the  movable  comb,  but 
it  should  not  be  forgotten  that  this 
great  invention  is,  or  should  be,  only 
an  auxiliary  for  the  accomplishment 
of  certain  ends.  Combs  should  be  left 
undisturbed  except  when  strictly  nec- 
essary. It  means  a  loss  to  the  bees 
and  bee-keeper  every  time  the  latter 
interferes  witn  the  former's  affairs. 
The  conditions  of  a  colony  may  often 
be  correctly  judged  from  the  behavior 
at  the  entrance.  "Always  observe, 
seldom  operate,"  should  be  the  bee- 
keeper's motto.  —  Schleswig-Holst. 
Bztg. 

In  the  same  paper  Gosh  says  that 
in  certain  parts  of  Germany  the 
spruce  forests  have  yielded  immense 
quantities  of  honey  the  past  season, 
enabling  single  colonies  to  store  lOO 
pounds  of  honey  (honey  dew).  The 
color  of  this  honey  is  inclined  to  be 
green. 


Ventilation  is  an  essential  condi- 
tion to  successful  wintering  of  the 
honeybee.  Not  only  should  the  en- 
trances be  left  open  (2i/^x8  ctm.), 
but  upward  ventilation  through  pack- 
ing above  should  be  secured.  It 
would,  however,  be  unwise  to  fill  out 
an   upper   story   completely   with    ab- 


Five  thousand  worker  larvae  just 
hatched  weigh  one  gram.  When 
grown,  eleven  of  them  weigh  two 
gram.  They  thus  have  increased  their 
weight  nine  hundred  fold  inside  of 
five  days.  A  queen  bee  larva  increases 
more  than  double  this  amount. — 
Schleswig-Holst.   Bztg. 


fpp5.  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  I7 

SI  AM.  the    professional   bee-keeper:     "Large 

,  brood  combs,  accessible  from  the  top 

As  reported  in  the  Lahrer  Missions  and    rear,    removable    supers    for    sur- 

blatt,   Siam   abounds   with   honey  and  plus     honey."  (The     American     hives 

bees  (apis  dorsata).     In  America  it  is  pretty   nearly  meet   these   demands.) 

difficult  to  find  bee  trees,  but  here  the  

lUge  combs  are  seen  hanging  from  ^  ^^j^  describes  a  new  honey  se- 
the  limbs  of  large  forest  trees.  We  ^^^^-^^^  pj^n^  jn  Bienenvater;  same 
:ounted  forty  of  such  on  one  smgle  j^^jj^  ^^^^  ^^^^.^j^  ^j^j^^^  ^^^  So^^l^ 
:ree.  The  native  bee-hunters  secure  giberia.  It  has  spread  from  here  and 
;he  honey  by  setting  up  bamboo  poles  j^  ^^^^^^  ^^^  -^^  ^^^^^  tropical  coun- 
•eaching  to  the  nests.  With  a  lighted  ^^^^^  r^^^  bloom  does  not  appear  till 
:orch  in  hand  they  climb  up,  drive  j^^^.  ^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^^^  ^-^^  growth  (4 
:he  bees  away,  and  secure  the  honey.  ^^  ^  ^^^^^^  5^^^^  ^^^^  -^^^  ^^  p^^. 
We  bought  one  of  the  combs,  which  ^^^^^^  blooming  plants  August  10. 
A^as  half-moon  shaped,  three  teet  -q^^^^  constantly  covered  with  bees, 
ong  and  one  foot  wide.  We  also  ^^^  lasting  till  frost.  The  plant 
nought  some  small  pieces  of  comb  tor  i^j-j^^ches  out  somewhat  like  the  blue 
)ur  attendants,  who  were  very  anxious  ^^.^^^^  (Echium  vulgare).  The  bo- 
or them.  These  combs  contained  sorne  ^^^^-^^j  ^^^^  -^  "Leonurus  Sibivicus 
,'oung  larvae  and  were  greatly  relish-  ^„  ^^j^^  gleaner  of  this  will  try  to 
>d.  The  natives  immersed  them  in  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^  ^^j^  pj^^^^  ^^^  ^^5^  j^ 
he  liquid  honey  and  thus  ate  them.—  ^^^^^  season,  and  report.) 
^eipz.    Bztg.  

SWITZERLAND.  The  last  speaker  at  the   great  bee- 

keepers'   meeting    held    in    Dornbirn 

In  a  series  of  articles  appearing  in  ^^^  Franz  Gloessl,  who  reported  the 
;he  Schw.  Bztg.,  Prof.  Burri  makes  condition  of  apiculture  in  Bosnia,  the 
mown  the  results  of  his  investiga-  extreme  southern  province  of  Aus- 
;ions  of  foul  brood.  He  says  one  cell  ^j-ia  bordering  on  Turkey.  He  said 
nay  contain  many  hundred  million  rational  bee-keeping  had  made  ad- 
ipores,  which  in  shape  are  oval.  In  yances  only  very  recently.  The  mov- 
act,  the  contents  of  a  cell  seem  to  able-comb  hive  had  been  introduced 
lave  changed  to  spores  and  nothing  j^y  ^^g  immigrants  from  Germany, 
;lse.  From  the  summary  I  take  the  Hungary  and  Tivol.  In  1899  he  had 
■oUowing:  There  are  at  least  two  organized  a  bee-keepers'  society, 
iistinct  kinds  of  bacteria  producing  ^hich  had  at  the  end  of  the  first  year 
bul  brood;  one,  bacillus  alvei,  the  eight  hundred  members,  mostly 
)ther  so  far  unknown  and  difficult  Xurks.  The  society  soon]  made  an 
;o  cultivate,  bacillus.  The  Professor  appeal  to  the  government  and  suc- 
ilso  speaks  of  a  third  but  rather  rare  ceeded  in  receiving  material  grants. 
)acillus  of  his  discovery,  wnich  pro-  Pqj.  instance,  no  tax  was  to  be  levied 
bees  foul  brood.  As  it  seems,  these  q„  such  hives  as  contained  movable 
)acilli  are  not  yet  named,  but  he  not  combs  and  removable  supers.  Bee- 
)nly  describes  their  nature  but  also  keepers  were  furnished  lumber  gratis 
jives  a  drawing  of  each,  showing  size  £qj.  constructing  their  hives.  To  fur- 
ind  shape.  The  bacillus  alvei  is  the  ^^^^  bee-keeping,  soldiers  and  police- 
argest — quite  long.  The  second  new  ^nen  were  taught  bee-keeping,  etc., 
put  common  bacillus  is  the  srnallest,  ^j-jj  y^ere  urged  to  keep  bees  v^'^hen- 
Homewhat  egg-shaped.     The  third  but   gy^i-  possible. 

are  bacillus  is  shaped  like  the  previ- 


5us  one,  but  much  larger,  not  as  long 

IS  bacillus  alvei,  but  more  bulky.  The  iUKiViii. 

Professor    also    claims     that    pickled  ^^^  ^^^^^  j^.bids  the  Turk  to  kill 

)rood  always  appears  associated  with  '^^^.^^^  ^^^  ^^^,^^  f^,  f^^d.  They 

oul  brood,  never  alone.  therefore    do   not   kill   bees    to   obtain 

AUSTRIA  t^^^i^  honey,  and  for  that  reason  can 
be    easily    induced    to    adopt   movable 

Deutsche   Imker  makes  the   follow-  hives     and     modern     bee-keeping.  — 

Ung  demand  on  a  bee  hive  suitable  for  Bienen  Vater. 


i8 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


January 


.,U!d!!!i!l"!.H!JjMJJ)^ 


nearly  all  white  clover.  I  will  mak< 
about  $90  out  of  that,  besides  wha 
we  use  ourselves.  My  best  colom 
made  120  pounds  of  fine  honey 
Please  extend  my  subscription  fo 
1905  to  The  American  Bee-Keeper 
A    merry    Christmas    to    you    all. 

D.  H.  Zencker. 


AN  OLD  STRAW  SKEP. 

Atlantic,    Iowa,   Dec.   6,    1904. 
Friend  H.  E.  Hill: 

You  ask  in  the  December  number 
of  The  Bee-Keeper,  "Where  are  the 
straw  skeps?"  '  I  have  one  whick  I 
had  my  broher  hunt  up  for  me  in  New 
Jersey  (my  old  home).  It  was  a  long 
hunt  and  no  skep,  and  he  gave  it  up. 
I  wrote  him  where  I  had  seen  some 
forty-five  years  ago.  He  went  to  that 
place  and  one  was  found  in  one  of 
those  large  old  stone  houses  that  are 
so  common  in  that  part  of  New  Jer- 
sey. The  lady  presented  it  to  him 
to  send  to  me,  remembering  me 
when  a  small  boy.  She  is  now  about 
ninety  years  of  age,  her  father  dying 
thirty  or  thirty-five  years  ago,  at 
about  her  age  at  the  present  time. 
She  says  it  was  in  use  when  she  was 
a  small  girl.  So  you  can  figure  its  age 
as  well  as  I  can.  I  have  had  it  in  use 
for  the  last  six  years,  it  sends  out 
strong  swarms  every  year  and  there 
seems  to  be  no  spring  dwindling  in  it. 
I  keep  it  in  my  yard  in  town,  and  it  is 
a  great  curiosity  to  the  people  that 
pass  by.  I  don't  know  of  any  skeps 
in  Iowa,  except  this  one. 

John  Duflford. 


THE  SEASON  lis  MISSOURI. 
Cecil,  Mo.,  Dec.  8,  1904, 
Editor   Bee-Keeper: 

The  past  season  has  been  favorabl 
for  the  production  of  fall  honej 
though  too  wet  for  a  full  crop  fror 
white  clover.  The  sale  of  honey  ha 
been  somewhat  slow,  at  10  to  12J 
cents  per  pound  for  nice  sectiom 
Broken  comb  and  extracted  brin 
eight  to  ten  cents.  Dull  markets  ai 
our  greatest  drawback,  as  this  se( 
tion  of  the  state  is  well  adapted  to  tl 
successful  production  of  hone; 
White  clover,  smartweed  and  Spanis 
needle  are  the  most  ordinary  of  tt 
sources  which  contribute  to  the  suj 
ply.  It  is  but  a  few  years  since  tl 
abolition  of  the  box  hive  with  us,  an 
now  nearly  everyone  has  installed  tl 
movable-frame  style  and  adopted  tl 
square  section.  I  now  have  fifty  co 
onies    in    good    condition. 

John   Ware. 


CAN   HARDLY  WAIT. 

Upperco,    Md.,   Dec.   9,    1904. 
Editor   Bee-Keeper: 

I  am  very  much  interested  in  The 
Bee-Keeper.  I  can  hardly  wait  till 
the  time  comes  for  it.  I  cared  for  ten 
colonies  through  the  winter  of  1903- 
4,  and  about  half  came  out  last  spring 
very  weak;  in  fact,  they  went  into  the 
winter  rather  weak.  One  hive  espe- 
cially did  not  have  over  a  quart  of 
bees.  In  January  the  queen  died.  I 
nursed  them  along  as  best  I  could 
till  spring.  April  ist  I  sent  to  J.  B. 
Case,  one  of  your  advertisers,  and 
got  a  five-banded  Italian  queen,  and 
introduced  her,  and  they  did  very 
well. 

From  my  ten  colonies  last  summer 
I   received  700  pounds  of  fine  honey. 


DOWN  WITH  SUGAR  FEEDIN(' 
Buflfalo,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  6,  1904. 

Friend  Hill:  I  have  just  finish* 
reading  A.  C.  Miller's  article  in  tl 
December   American   Bee-Keeper. 

Truly  he  has  hit  the  keynote  ar 
I  hope  it  will  have  influence  to  stc 
the  practice  of  feeding  sugar  syrt 
to  our  bees.  Every  bee-keeper  shoa 
read  it  several  times.  I  wish  I 
would  do  so  some  more. 

Another  baneful  practice  is  that  < 
extracting  nectar  before  it  is  ripei 
ed  by  the  bees.  I  find  it  hurts  ot 
business  more  than  I  can  tell.  Tl 
Buflfalo  grocery  and  commissic 
houses  are  full  of  this  stuff  calle; 
honey.  An  honest  bee-keeper  cann<i 
compete  with  these  brazen,  audaciot 
frauds.  No  language  is  too  stror 
to  condemn  the  practice  of  feedin 
sugar  syrup  and  extracting  before  tl 
bees  seal  their  honey.  It  is  the  ruii 
ation  of  our  trade.  I  have  no  syn 
pathy   for   these   fellows. 

J.  W.   Teflft, 


AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


19 


PUBLISHED  MONTHLY. 

THE  W.  T.  FALCO^JER  MANFG.  Co. 

PROPRIETORS. 
H.    E.    HILL,  -  EDITOR, 

FORT  PIERCE,  FLA 


According  to  Gleanings,  there  are 
300,000  Russians  keeping  bees.  It  is 
gratifying  to  know  tnat  they  can  keep 
something — they  won't  keep  peace. 

W.  K.  Morrison,  in  Gleanings,  says: 
"There  are  some  ideal  locations  for 
bees  >n  the  Bahamas,  but  life  on  a 
coral  reef  is  awfully  lonely."  Parisian 
social  conditions  and  desirable  honey 
localities  are  rarely  found  keeping 
company. 


Terms. 

Fifty  cents  a  year  in  advance;  2  copies  85 
cents;  3  copies  $1.20;  all  to  be  sent  to  one 
posto£Sce. 

Postage  prepaid  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada;  10  cents  extra  to  all  countries  in  the 
postal  union,  and  20  cents  extra  to  all  other 
countries. 

Advertising  Rates. 

Fifteen  cents  per  line,  9  words;  $2.00  per 
inch.  Five  per  cent,  discount  for  two  inser- 
tions; seven  per  cent,  for  three  insertions; 
twenty  per  cent,   for  twelve  insertions. 

Advertisements  must  be  received  on  or  be- 
fore the  15th  of  each  month  to  insure  inser- 
tion in  the  month  following. 

Matters  relating  in  any  way  to  business 
should  invariably  be  addressed   to 

THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER, 

Falconer,  N.  Y. 

Articles  for -publication  or  letters  exclu- 
for  the  editorial  department  may  be  addressed 
to  H.  E.  HILL, 

Fort  Pierce,   Fla. 

Subscribers  receiving  their  paper  in  bhir 
wrapper  will  know  that  their  subscription  ex 
pires  with  this  number.  We  hope  that  yoii 
will  not  delay  favoring  us  with  a  renewal. 

A  red  wrapper  on  your  paper  inaicates  tha' 
you  owe  for  your  subscription.  Please  giv< 
the  matter  your  earliest  attention. 


The  Root  people  have  been  experi- 
menting with  a  device  for  extracting 
wax  by  centrifugal  force.  It  seems 
the  affair  was  not  quite  all  that  could 
be  desired.  It  will  probably  be  a  long 
time  before  a  better  method  than  pres- 
sure under  steam  is  discovered. 


The  general  manager's  annual  re- 
port of  the  affairs  of  the  National  Bee- 
Keepers'  Association  makes  a  most 
creditable  showing-  for  the  organiza- 
tion. Mr.  France  is  the  right  man  in 
the  right  place,  if  one  may  base  his 
verdict  upon  the  evidence  presented 
through  the  report;  and  we  know  of 
no  better  evidence. 


Dr.  W.  H.  Ashmead,  of  the  United 
States  National  Museum,  recommends 
a  change  in  the  generic  name  of  Apis 
dorsata  to  Megapis  dorsata.  If  the 
doctor  will  prevail  on  our  Uncle  Sam- 
uel to  go  fetch  enough  of  these  giant 
East  Indian  bees  to  America  to  make 
a  thorough  test  of  their  merits  on 
American  soil,  we'll  agree  to  call 
them   Megapis,  or  even   Nutmegapis. 


It  is  said  that  Illinois  has  35,000 
bee-keepers.  Some  of  them  are  good 
ones,  too. 


A  quantity  of  matter  recently  sub- 
mitted for  publication,  is  found  un- 
available on  account  of  its  extreme 
length.  One,  in  fact,  is  too  long  for 
McCIure's.  It  is  not  space-fillers  that 
we  require.  We  always  need  short, 
wholesome  and  pointed  articles  on 
bee-keeping  subjects.  The  least  of 
our  trouble  is  space-filling.  We  pay 
cash  for  good  articles  that  meet  these 
requirements. 


"Tincture  of  virus"  is  the  word 
used  by  chemists  to  designate  bee 
poison  which  is  used  in  medicine.  The 
fellow  to  whom  a  dose  is  adminis- 
tered in  the  end  of  the  nose  by  a  bee 
I  itself,  usually  has  another  name  for  it. 


The  Chicago-Northwestern  con- 
vention, recently  held  at  Chicago, 
fully  sustained  its  well  known  reputa- 
tion for  "howling  successes."  If  they  do 
nothing  else,  the  Chicago-Northwest- 
ern people  always  unite  in  proclaim- 
ing    each     successive     convention     a 


20  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  January, 

glorious  success.  Well,  success,  they  Hutchinson,  the  reference  to  that 
say,  is  the  thing  that  succeeds.  No  "killing  of  damaging  stories"  has 
wonder  it  is  such  a  successful  organi-  rather  a  humorous  side — when  view- 
zation.  ed    from    the    standpoint    of    the    St 

Louis    convention.      For    a    few    days 

One    of    our    Northern    subscribers,   last  September,  St.  Louis  was  a  ver- 

when    sending    in    his    renewal,    sends  itable    hotbed   of   wide-eyed   bee-men; 

also    the    subscription    of    a    neighbor  most  of  the  princes  of  the  profession 

bee-keeper,  and  says:     "I  will  do  all  being  there   assembled  in  convention.. 

I    can   to  help  you   double  your   sub-  The    heavy-weights    of     the     apiarian 

scription     list       this     year."        Many  arena  were   about  all   in   the   ring,  at 

thanks!      H    each    one    had    done    the  St.    Louis.      Even   the   big   chief   him- 

same,  the  list  would  have  been  doubled  self,    surrounded    by    about   two    hun- 

before  the  new  year  had  started.  Just  dred   armed   warriors   of   the   apiarian 

one  new  subscriber  from  each,  means  tribe,    trod    the    streets    of    St.    Louis, 

nearly     three     thousand     new     ones.  Not  only  were  the  wise  men  from  the 

With    such    a    list.      The    Bee-Keeper  East  there,  but  also  those  of  the  sev- 

could  introduce  lots  of  improvements,  eral  other  quarters  of  the  earth.  They 

were   there   in   person — not   by   proxy, 

Every  home  that  shelters  an  Amer-  nor  by  mail,  nor  by  telegraph.     They 

ican  boy  should  receive  the  American  pooled   their   aggregated   wisdom   and 

Boy,  the  great  boy's  paper  of  Amer-  sought  to  rectify  one  erroneous  news- 

ica.      Good,   wholesome    and   interest-  paper   statement  of  the   order  "Dam- 

ing  reading  for  boys  is  not  so  plenti-  aging."     They  seem  to  have  met  uttei 

ful    as   it    should    be.      The    American  failure,    however;    for   it   appears   that 

Boy    is    a   large,    high-class      monthly  the     statement     was     made     actually 

that  will  interest,  instruct  and  inspire  worse  than  before;  and  if  it  is  being 

your    boy.      We    have    arranged    with  copied  yet,  on  the  plan  of  the  Wiley 

the    publishers    to    supply    this    great  story,  it   is   probably  more   damaging 

boy's    magazine    to    our      readers,    if  in   its   paraphrased   form  than  it  wasi 

taken   in   connection  with  The   Amer-  originally. 

ican  Bee-Keeper,  a  whole  year  for  The  problem  which  now  looms  up, 
eighty-five  cents.  That  is,  if  you  will  before  us  is:  H  all  the  big  guns  ir 
send  to  us,  at  Falconer,  N.  Y.,  85  beedom,  personally  assembled,  can- 
cents,  we  will  send  you  both  the  not  contrive  to  correct  one  damaging 
American  Boy  and  The  American  newspaper  statement,  how  should  oui 
Bee-Keeper  for  a  year.  If  you  are  general  manager  proceed  in  such  cases 
paid  in  advance,  we  will  extend  your  with  a  prospect  of  earning  his  salary] 

subscription       to      The       Bee-Keeper  

twelve  months  and  send  the  American  js^    BEE-KEEPERS'    INSTITUTE. 
Boy  a  whole  year,  beginning  with  the 

next  number  following  receipt  of  your  ^    bee-keepers'    institute      will      be 

order.  held  at  Canandaigua,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  9  and 

10,    1905.      General    Manager    France, 

"The    National    Association     should  of  the  National  Association,  has  been 

devote  more   of  its  money   and   ener-  engaged  as  a  speaker  for  the  occasion, 

gies    to    advertising    honey,    prosecut-  Business    pertaining    to    the      Ontario 

ing  adulterators  and  killing  damaging  County  Bee-Keepers'  Association  will 

stories."      The    foregoing    is    the    cap-  be   transacted   also.     There   are  ro  be 

tion   used   over    an    excellent   editorial  tour  sessions. 

in   the   Bee-Keepers'  Review,  wherein  

the   importance   of  using  a  portion  of  WHAT   DO   YOU   THINK? 
the    National's    funds   with   a   view   to 

extending   consumption    of   honey,   in-  A    West    Indian    subscriber   compli 

stead   of  lavishing  the   major   portion  ments    The    Bee-Keeper    upon   its   se 

upon  the   settlement  of  neighborhood  lection  of  matter  for  publication.  Sayi_ 

squabbles  is  set  forth.  he   "does   not  believe   in   long-winded 

Notwithstanding   the     real     serious-  articles,"  and  that  it  is  better  to  get 

ness   of  the   situation  and  the   urgent  immediately  down  to  the  point.           i 

demand    for    more    active    operations  Another  New  York  subscriber  likei 

along  the   lines   designated   by   Editor  The  Bee-Keeper  better  than  any  othel"! 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


xe  journal  because  it  seeks  to  take 
arc  of  the  beginner,  and  says  things 
11  language  that  a  novice  can  under- 
hand. 

We  welcome  these  comments  and 
nvite  free  criticism  from  all  our 
caders.  Their  suggestions  always 
lave  careful  attention,  because  we 
Icsire  to  make  The  Bee-Keeper  of 
nterest  to  the  greatest  possible  num- 
ler. 


RECEIVES  GOVERNMENT  AP- 
POINTMENT. 

In  the  October  number  (page  214) 
eference  was  made  to  the  first  Unit- 
:d  States  Civil  Service  examination 
n  apiculture,  and  a  list  of  the  sub- 
ects  was  given,  with  their  relative 
vcights.  In  the  examination  seven 
rates  were  represented  by  a  total  of 
welve  applicants.  Of  these  Miss  Jes- 
ie  E.  Marks,  of  New  York,  passed 
vith  the  highest  average,  and  has  re- 
cived  the  appointment,  which  carries 

salary  of  $720  per  annum. 

]\Iiss  Marks  is  a  daughter  of  Mr. 
\'.  F.  Marks,  of  Clifton  Springs,  New 
I'nrk,  well  known  for  his  work  in  the 
iiganization  of  the  New  York  bee- 
leepers  into  county  societies,  affili- 
ted  with  a  strong  State  organization, 
iis  able  work  as  Chairman  of  the 
'Board  of  Directors  of  the  National 
Bee-Keepers'  Association  is  also  well 
ccognized.  Miss  Marks  has  had 
harge  of  her  father's  correspondence 
or  some  years,  and  has  also  rendered 
issistance  in  their  home  apiary,  so 
hat  she  will  not  be  wholly  unfamiliar 
vith  the  duties  of  her  new  position, 
she  has  already  reported  for  duty  at 
he  Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash- 
ngton,  D.   C. 


THE  NEW  "A  B  C  OF  BEE  CUL- 
TURE." 
The  new  and  revisea  edition  of  "A 
B  C  of  Bee  Culture,"  bearing  date  of 
,905,  has  just  been  issued  from  the 
'iress  of  the  publishers,  The  A.  I.  Root 
"ompany,  Medina,  Ohio.  In  its  some- 
vhat  enlarged  and  thoroughly  revis- 
d  form,  the  "A  B  C"  is  a  marvelous 
ompilation  of  apiarian  knowledge, 
vhich  no  student  of  apiculture  can 
fford  to  overlook.  Its  title  is,  obvi- 
aisly,  a  misnomer,  and  one  which  is 
aisleading;  for  instead  of  being  a  bee- 
eepers'  primer,  as  implied  by  its 
ame,  it  is   a   cyclopedia  of   scientific 


and  practical  apiculture,  containing 
nearly  five  hundred  splendidly  illus- 
trated pages. 

One  hundred  thousand  copies  of 
this  book  have  been  .issued,  which 
would  entitle  it  to  the  claim  of  being 
the  most  popular  work  on  bee-keep- 
ing in  the  world.  A  more  appropri- 
ate naine  would  doubtless  result  in 
even  much  wider  sale. 

Editions  in  French  and  also  in 
Spanish  are  now  in  course  of  prepara- 
tion. An  exquisite  edition  de  luxe, 
full  leather  and  embossed  in  gold,  at 
$2.00  a  volume,  will  soon  be  issued. 
Another  binding,  half  leather,  will  be 
on  sale  at  $1.75;  while  the  cloth,  as 
formerly,  will  be  $1.20. 


"MAY  BE." 


"May  be"  the  reader  knows  of  one, 
two  or  three  bee-keepers  who  are  not 
taking  The    Bee-Keeper. 

"May  be"  they  would  be  glad  to 
join  our  circle  for  1905  if  they  knew 
the  paper  and  were  asked  to  "come 
in." 

"Alay  be"  if  they  knew  that  $l 
would  pay  for  a  three-year  subscrip- 
tion they  would  at  once  avail  them- 
selves of  the  offer. 

"May  be"  you  would  not  mind  call- 
ing their  attention  to  the  fact  that 
this  is  our  fourteenth  birthday,  and 
that  we  print  each  month  a  greater 
quantity  of  bee-keeping  matter  than 
any  other  monthly  bee  paper  in 
America;  and  that  our  contributors 
represent  the  brightest  and  most  suc- 
cessful bee-keepers  in  all  parts  of  the 
world. 

"May  be"  you  do  not  appreciate  the 
extent  of  the  service  you  would  be 
rendering  your  bee-keeping  acquaint- 
ances, The  American  Bee-Keeper  and 


yourself;  for  we  should  all  profit 
handsomely  by   such   a   course. 

"May  be"  you  will  kindly  keep  this 
in  mind  and  lend  a  helping  hand,  as 
suggested,  when  the  opportunity  is 
offered. 

We  thank  you  in  advance  for  your 
good  intentions,  which  are  anticipat- 
ed. We  thank  you  sincerely.  No 
"May  bes"  about  it. 

The  Jefferson  County  Bee-Keepers'  Society 
and  New  York  State  Association  will  hold 
their  meeting  in  the  city  hall,  Watertown,  N. 
Y.,  January  17th  and  18th.  General  Manager 
N.  E.  France,  of  the  National  Association,  and 
other  prominent  bee-keepers  are  expected  to 
speak.  Geo.   B.    Howe,  Sec. 


HONEY  AND  BEESWAX  MARKET. 


Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Dec.  9. — Supply  of  honey 
is  large,  with  fair  demand.  We  look  for  a 
better  market  after  Christmas.  We  quote  our 
market  today:  Comb,  $2.25;  amber,  $2.00;  ex- 
tracted,  6V^c.      Beeswax,    30c. 

C.    C.    Qemons   &    Co. 


New  York,  Dec.  10.— The  supply  of  all 
grades  of  honey  is  plentiful.  The  demand  is 
rather  slack.  We  quote  today:  Comb,  10  to 
15c.     Extracted,  SVoc.     Beeswax,  29c. 

Hildreth   &    Segelge.i. 


Chicago,  Dec.  7. — The  market  is  well  sup- 
plied with  all  kinds  of  honey.  Demand  is 
light.  Fancy  comb  brings  14c.,  but  quality 
as  well  as  appearance  is  necessary.  No.  1 
sells  at  IZyi  to  13c.  Off  grades  difficult  to  move 
at  1  to  3c.  less.  Extracted,  choice  white,  7 
to  7%c. ;  amber,  6  to  7c.,  with  off  grades  about 
Si/^c.    per   pound.      Beeswax,    30c. 

R.  A.    Burnett   &   Co. 

199   So   Water   St. 


Boston,  Nov.,  19. — Recent  heavy  arrivals,  to- 
gether with  very  low  quotations  from  some 
other  markets,  have  had  a  tendency  to  weaken 
our  market.  We  quote:  Fancy  No.  1,  15c.; 
No.  2,  14c. ;  with  ample  stock.  Absolutely  no 
call  for  buckwheat.  Extracted  honey,  6  to  8c. 
Blake,    Scott    &    Lee    Co. 


Cincinnati,  Dec.  10. — The  demand  foP  honey 
at  present  is  not  good,  owing  to  the  ap- 
proach of  the  holidays,  when  too  many  sweets 
are  found  on  the  market.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  trade  is  well  supplied  with  comb  honey, 
that  will  require  a  length  of  time  to  be  con- 
sumed. Are  offering  extracted  white  clover 
honey,  in  barrels  and  cans,  at  6V2  to  8i/^c. 
Amber,  5  3-4  to  654c.  Fancy  comb  honey, 
121/^  to  14c.     Beeswax,  29  and  30c. 

The   Fred   W.    Muth    Co. 

51  Walnut   St. 


"The  American  Boy" 

IVIAQAZINE 

The  Biggest,  Brightest,  Best  Boys'  Maga- 
zine in  the  World. 

BOrs  LIKE  IT  BECA  USE  IT  TREA  TS 

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Them. 


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and  their  boys  like  to  have  it,  because  of  its 
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reading  matter  as  much  as  "grown-ups"  if 
they  can  get  the  right  kind.     If  parents  sup- 
ply them  the  wishy-washy  kind,  or  none  at 
all,  they  usually  manage  to  get  the  kind  they 
oughtn't  to  have,  and  boy-bandits  and  would- 
be  "Deadwood  Dicks"  are  the  result. 
YOUR  BOY   WILL  LIKE 
"IHE     AMERICAN    BOY" 
and  you  will  like  him  to  have  it,  for  it  is  in" 
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ing  nearly  125, QUO  .subscriptions  in  four  years> 
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serves a  million  more.     As  one  parent  writes: 
"/«    my   opiition     TH P.    AMERICAN 
BOY  works    a    tivo-/old  purpose.       It 
makes  a  man  out  0/ a  hoy,  and  it  makes 
a  boy  out  0/ a  full-grown  man." 
No  publication  for  young  people  is  paying 
so  much  money  for  high-class  literary  matter 
for  its  readers  as  is  "The  American  Boy." 

IT    IS   PlJBLrSHING 

KIRK  MUNROE'S  NEW  $1,000.00  STORY 


Subscrlotion  Price  of  "Tlie  American  Boy" 

(  1  Year )         =        -        =        -        =        $1.00 
Subscription  Price  of  American   Bee-Keeper     .50 

Total      -     $1.50 
Both  for  Only       =        -        =        =        =        .85 
Address 
American  Bee-Keeper,  Falconer,  N,  Y. 


ONE-HALF  INCH  SPACE  ONE  YEAR  ON  THIS  PAGE,  $3.00. 


yHE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Walnut  St., 
1  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Standard  Bred  Red 
plover  Three-banded  Queens,  Golden  Italians, 
ind  Carniolans.  Safe  arrival  guaranteed.  Send 
or  circular. 


HE  A.   I.   ROOT  CO.,  MEDi.sA,    OHIO. 
Breeders   of   Italian  bees  and  queens. 


3UEENS  from  Jamaica  any  day  in  the  year. 
Untested,  66c.;  tested,  $1.00;  select  tested, 
;1.50.  Our  queens  are  reared  from  the  very 
inest  strains.  Geo.  W.  Phillips,  Sav-La-Mar 
.^.   O.,  Jamaica,  W.   I.  (5-5) 


I  AVVRENCE  C.  MILLER,  BOX  1113, 
L-  PROVIDENCE,  R.  I.,  is  filling  orders  for 
he  popular,  hardy,  honey-getting  Providence 
strain  of   Queens.    Write  for  free   information. 


-^  H.  W.  WEBER,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO, 
■>'  (Cor.  Central  and  Freeman  Aves.) 
olden     Yellow,     Red     Clover    and     Carniolan 

lueens,    bred    from   select   mothers   in    separate 

"ipiaries. 


JOHN  M.  DAVIS,  SPRING  HILL,  TENN., 
has  greatly  enlarged  and  improved  his 
:iueen-rearing  facilities.  Two  unrelated  Car- 
niolans and  a  dark  leather  Italian  lately  im- 
ported. My  own  strains  of  three-band  and 
golden;  "Moore's"  long-tongue;  Doolittle's 
?olden ;  all  selects.  Carniolans  mated  to  Ital- 
ian drones  when  desired.  No  disease.  Cir- 
cular free. 


QUIRIN,  the  Queen  Breeder,  has  an  ex- 
ceptionally hardy  strain  of  Italian  bees; 
they  wintered  on  their  summer  stands  within 
1  few  miles  of  bleak  Lake  Erie.  Send  for 
Free    Circular.      Bellevue,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


V\r  J.  DAVIS,  1st,  YOUNGSVILLE,  PA.. 
'  '  •  breeder  of  choice  Italian  Bees  and 
Queens.      Quality,    not  quantity,   is   my   motto. 


CVVxXRTHMORE  APIARIES,  SWARTH- 
'-'  MORE,  PA.  Our  bees  and  queens  are  the 
brightest  Italians  procurable.  Satisfaction 
quaranteed.  Correspondence  in  English, 
French,  German  and  Spanish.  Shipments  to 
all  parts  of  the  world. 


A  RE  YOU  LOOKING  FOR  QUEENS?  If 
''  so  I  can  furnish  you  queens  of  the  follow- 
inging  races  by  return  mail:  Three-  and  five- 
banded  Italians,  Cyprians,  Holy  Lands,  Carni- 
olans and  Albinos.  Untested  of  either  race, 
75c.  each;  select  untested,  $1.00  each;  six  for 
$4.00;  twelve  for  $8.00;  tested,  of  either  race, 
$2.00  each;  six  for  10.00;  one  dozen,  $18.00; 
Breeders,  $4.50  each.  Safe  arrival  guaranteed. 
B.    H.    Stanley,   Beeville,   Texas.  Aug.   5 


WZ.  HUTCHINSON,  FLINT.  MICH. 
Superior  stock  queens,  $1.50  each; 
queen  and  Bee-Keepers'  Review  one  year  for 
only  $2.00. 

U/    W.     GARY     &     SON,     LYONVILLE, 
MASS.,    Breeder    of   choice    Italian    bees 
and  queens.  Imported  Leather  and  Root's  Red 
Clover  strains.     Catalog  and  price  list  free. 

\\l\  GORE'S  LONG-TONGUED  STRAIN 
of  Italians  become  more  and  more  popu- 
lar each  year.  Those  who  have  tested  them 
know  why.  Descriptive  circular  free  'o  ail. 
Write  J.   P.   Moore,   L.   Box  1,   Morgan,   Ky.     4 

p  UNIC  BEES.  All  other  races  are  dis- 
'  carded  after  trial  of  these  w^-nderful  bees. 
Particulars  post  free.  John  Hewitt  &  Co., 
Sheffield,   England.  4 


IJONEY  QUEENS  AND  BEES  for  sale.     I 
extracted    300    pounds    per    colony    in    1903. 
Thos.    Worthington,    Leota,    Miss.        Aug.    5 


HONEY  DEALERS'  DIRECTORY 


^~ Under  this  heading  will  be  inserted,  for  reliable  dealers,  two  lines  one 
year  for  $1.25.  Additional  words,  12c  a  word.  No  announcement  can 
be  accepted  for  less  than  one  year  at  these  rates._j^ 


OHIO. 


C.  H.  W.  WEBER,  Freeman  and  Central 
Aves.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  If  for  sale,  mail 
sample,  and  state  price  expected  delivered 
in  Cinicinnati.  If  in  want,  write  for  prices, 
and  state   quality  and  quantity   desired. 

(5-5) 


We  are  always  in  the  market  for  extracted 
honey,  as  we  sell  unlimited  quantities.  Send 
us  a  sample  and  your  best  price  delivered 
here.  THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Wal- 
nut St.,   Cincinnati,   Ohio.  (5-5) 


COLORADO. 


THE  COLORADO  HONEY  PRODUCER 
ASS'N,  1440  Market  St,  Denver,  Colo. 


ILLINOIS. 


R.   A    BURNETT   &   CO.,   199  South   Wat 
Street,    Chicago.  (5-5) 


Cent='a=Word  Column. 


SHAKERS'  TOBACCO  TABLETS— Placed 
in  the  mouth,  stop  desire  for  tobacco.  Harm- 
less, yet  eflfective.  Impossible  to  want  to- 
bacco while  using  them.  Makes  quitting  easy 
and  sure.  Complete  cure,  $1.00.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed  or  money  returned.  Shaker 
Chemical  Co.,  Station  "F,"  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


"INCREASE"  is  the  title  of  a  little  book- 
let by  Swarthmore;  tells  how  to  make  up 
winter  losses  without  much  labor  and  with- 
out breaking  up  full  colonies;  entirely  new 
plan.  25  cents.  Prospectus  free.  Address 
E.    L.    Pratt,    Swarthmore.    Pa.  7-tf 


A  TANDEM  BICYCLE  (for  man  and  lady) 
cost  ?150,  in  first-class  condition,  was  built  to 
order  for  the  owner.  Tires  new.  Will  sell 
for  J25  cash.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Ad- 
dress J.  Clayborne  Merrill,  130  Lakeview, 
ave.,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 

AGENTS  WANTED  to  sell  advertising  nov- 
ties,  good  commission  allowed.  Send  for 
catalogue  and  terms.  American  Manufac- 
turing Concern,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 

POSITION  WANTED-Any  bee-keeper  de- 
siring  assistance  for  season  of  19(^,  please 
address,  J.  W.  TeflFt,  56  Woodlawn  Ave., 
Bufifalo.   N.   Y. 

t  QUEENS  AND  BEES 


Bee=Keepers'  CIul 


Modern  Farmer,  one  year, 
Silk  Front  Bee  Veil,  -  - 
Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture, 

one  year,  .         -  - 

Langstroth  on  Honey  Bee, 
American     Bee     Journal, 

new  only,  .  .         - 


.50 
.50 

1.00 
1.20 

1.00 


$4.20 

All  of  the  Above  only  $2.50 

First  two  $.50;  first  three,  $1.25;  fir 
four,  $2.10. 

New  subscribers  for  the  A.  B.  J.  cs 
subst  tute  it  for  Gleanings  if  they  wis 
Renewals  for  the  A.  B  J  add  40c  mo 
to  any  club.  Western  Bee  Journal  a 
be  substituted  for  either  bee  paper.  J 
changes  will  be  made  in  these  offers. 

Write  for  other  clubbing  offers. 

MODERN     FARMEl 

The  Clean  Farm  Paper 
ST.  JOSEPH,         =        -        -        MISSOURI 


-f»^ 


TIave  you  ever  tried  my  Queens?  If  not.  I  should  be  glad  to 
have  you  do  so,  as  they  ar  e  as  GOOD  AS  IMOXEY  CAN  BUY, 
AND  I  GUARANTEE  PE  RPECT  SATISFACTION. 

I  have  three-banded.  Italians,  Golden.s,  Cyprians,  Carniolans, 
Holy  Land.s  and  Albinos.  Untested  of  eitlier  race,  75  cents  each. 
Tested.  .$1..50  each.  Breeders,  $.3.00.  Contracts  made  for  large 
orders.     Two-framed  nuclei  a  specialty. 

B.   H.  STANLEY,  BEEVILLE,   TEXAS. 
l-.5tf 

^»  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦  M  ♦  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦^♦^  ^»^V-f>  »♦♦»■ 


The   Bee=Keepers'    Review 

can  help  you 

MAKE  MONEY 


Opportunities  for  making  money  out  of 
bee-keeping  were  never  greater.  If  the  bee- 
keeper with  a  single  apiary,  from  which  he 
makes  a  living  in  a  good  year,  and  nothing  in 
a  poor  year,  would  only  arouse  himself  to  the 

Changed   Conditions 

secure  a  good  location,  if  not  already  in  pos- 
session of  one,  adopt  such  methods  as  will  en- 
able him  to  branch  out  and  manage  several 
apiaries,  he  will  find  that  in  a  good  year  he  can 

Pile  up  Honey 

ton  upon  ton — enough  to  support  himself  and 
family  for  several  years.  The  Review  is  help- 
ing bee-keepers  to  accomplish  this  very  thing. 

The  First  Step 

in  making  money  as  a  bee-keeper  is  the  secur- 
ing of  a  good  location;  and  the  Review  even 
goes  so  far  as  to  discover  anu  make  known 
desirable,    unoccupied    locations. 

Get  Good  Stock 

Having  secured  the  location,  the  next  step  is 
that  of  stocking  it  with  bees  of  the  most  desir- 
able strain;  and,  having  had  years  of  experi- 
ence with  all  the  leading  varieties  of  bees,  the 
editor  of  the  Review  is  able  to,  and  does,  tell 
his  readers  where  to  get  the  best  stock.  Still 
further,   the  Review  tciis  how  to  make 

Rapid    Increase, 

how  to  build  up  ten  or  a  dozen  colonies,  in  a 
single  season,  into  an  apiary  of  100  or  more 
colonies. 

Having  the  location  and  the  bees,  the  bee- 
keeper must  learn  how  to  manage  them  so  as 
to  be  able  to  establish  an  out-apiary  here,  and 
another  there,  and  care  for  them  with  weekly 
visits — yes,  by  monthly,  or  even  longer,  visits, 
when  extracted  honey  is  produced.  It  is  in 
teaching  bee-keepers  how  to  thus 

Control  Svrarming, 

that  the  Review  has  been,  and  is  still,  doing 
its  best  work.  If  a  man  only  knows  how,  he 
can  care  for  several  apiaries  now  as  easily  as 
he  once  cared  for  only  one. 


Having  secured  a  crop  of  honey,  the  next 
step  is  that  of  selling  it.  This  is  the  most 
neglected,    yet 

The  Most  Important  Problem 

of  succesful,  money-making  bee-keeping,  and 
one  that  the  Review  is  working  the  hardest  to 
solve.  So  many  men  work  hard  all  summer, 
produce  a  good  crop,  and  then  almost  give  it 
away.  The  Review  is  trying  to  put  a  stop  to 
this  "giving  it  away."  It  is  showing,  by  the 
actual  experience  of  enterprising  bee-keepers, 
how  the  leisure  months  may  be  employed  in 
selling  honey  at  prices  that  some  of  us  would 
call  exorbitant.  The  men  who  have  done  this 
tell  how  they  did  it. 

The  editor  of  the  Review  has  a  wide,  actual, 
personal  acquaintance  with  all  of  the 

Leading  Bee-keepers 

from  Maine  to  California,  and  is  thus  able  to 
secure,  as  correspondents,  men  who  have  scat- 
tered out-apiaries  widely,  managed  them  with 
little  or  no  help  and  made  money.  These  men 
are  able  to  write  from  actual  experience — they 
know  how  they  have  succeeded,  and  can  tell 
others. 

One  thing  is  certain,  if  you  are  a  bee-keep- 
ing specialist,  or  expect  to  become  one,  if  bee- 
keeping is  your  business,  you  can't  afford 
not  to 

Read  The  Reviexir. 

It  will  lead  you  and  encourage  you,  and  fill 
you  with  ideas,  and  tell  you  how  to  do  things 
— show  you  how  to  enlarge  your  business  and 
make  money. 

The  Review  is  published  monthly  at  $1.00  a 
year;  but,  if  you  wish  to  become  better  ac- 
quainted with   it  before   subscribing, 

Send  Ten  Cents 

for  three  late,  but  different  issues,  and  the  ten 
cents  may  apply  on  any  suoscription  sent  in 
during  the  year.  A  coupon  will  be  sent  en- 
titling you  to  the  Review  one  year  for  only 
90  cents. 


W.Z.    HUTCHINSON 


lO-tf 


FLINT,     MICHIGAN 


Preparation  For 
Winter, 


And  the  wintering  problem, 
are  the  subjects  under  dis- 
cussion in  the  Current  Num- 
bers of  THE  RURAL  BEE 
KEEPER. 

Big  Discount  on  early  orders, 
write  for  sample  copies,  and 
send  IOC  for  3  late   numbers. 


W.  H.  PUTNAM, 
River  Falls,   =  =  Wis. 


Fifty  Dollars  in  Gold  for  Three 
Cents. 

Send  us  on  a  postal  card  Ike  address  of  ten 
farmers.  .  We  will  send  each  a  copy  of  the 
"Agricultural  Epitomist"  and  solicit  their 
subscription.  We  will  send  you  the  paper 
three    months    free    for   your   trouble. 

To  the  person  sending  the  best  list  of  names 
we  will  present  $25.00  in  gold;  2nd  best,  $15.00; 
£rd    best,    $10.00. 

We  will  keep  an  accurate  record  of  the  num- 
ber of  subscribers  we  secure  out  of  each  list 
and  the  persons  from  whose  lists  we  secure 
the  greatest  number  subsribers  by  March  15, 
1905,  will  receive  above  prizes.  In  case  three 
ot  more  lists  produce  equal  results  we  reserve 
the  right  to  divide  the  fifty  dollars  equally  be- 
tween  them. 

Remember — Send    just    ten    names    from    one 
I'.   O.     Do  not  send  names  of  children  or  peo- 
ple  not  interested  in   farming.     We   give  away 
j  the  $50.00  in   order  to  get   select  lists  and   you 
I  cannot     get     your     share     of     it     unless     you 
I  chose  the  names  carefully. 

The    "Agricultural    Epitomist"    is    the    only 

I  agricultural    paper    edited    and    printed    on    a 

farm.     Our  six  hundred  and  fifty  acres  are  de- 

voted    to    practical    apiculture   and   fine   stock 

I  and  we  are  offering  hundreds  of  thoroughbred 

I  pigs"  and   fancy   poultry   as    premiums   for   sub- 

I  scription  work.     A  pig  or  a  trio  of  poultry  easy 

to   get   imder   our   plan.     Write  for   particulars. 

I  AGRICULTURAL  EPITOMIST, 

i  Spencer,   Ind. 


National  Bee-Keepers'  Association, 

The  largest  bee-keepers'  society    in  the 
world . 

Organized    to  protect    and   promote    the 
interests  of  its  members. 

Membership  Pee,  $1.00  a  Year. 

N.E.  FRANCE,  Platteville,  Wis., 

General  Manager  and  Treasure; 


A  Boca 
For 


Poiilti!:KeerfB 


How  we  make  our  hens  pay  400 ' 
per  cent,  profit,  new  system,  our 
own  method,  fully  explained  in 
our  Illustrated  Poultry  Book,  which  contains 
Poultry  Keeperc'  Acc't  and  Egg  Record  showing 
gains  or  losses  eve:-  month  for  one  year.  Worth  25 
cts,  sent  to  you  for  lie.  if  you  will  send  names  of  5 
poultry  keepers  wlthyour order;  Address, 
Q.  H.  VIBBERT.  P.B.  56,  Clintonville.  Conn. 


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LOUISVILLE,       =  E  NTUCKY 


MAGIC  RHEUMATIC  CURE 


It  absolutely  does  cure.  It  is 
not  a  CHEAP  remedy,  but  it  is 
a  CHEAP  cure.  Marli  the  distinc- 
tion! There  are  a  thousand  rem- 
edies to  one  cure.  This  is  a 
cure.  It  costs  $2  a  bottle  and  is 
worth  $20  to  any  sufferer.  SoM 
only  by  our  authorized  agents  or 
direct  by  us.  We  wil  send  pre- 
paid for  $2.00. 


Write  for  boolvlet.Agents  wanted. 


MAGIC  CURE  CO. 

358  Dearborn  Street,       Chicago. 


Are  You  Looking  for  a  Home? 

No  farmer  should  think  of  buying  land 
before  seeing  a  copy  of  THE  FARM  AND 
REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAL.  It  contains 
the  largest  list  of  lands  for  sale  of  any 
paper  published  in  Iowa.  Reaches  30,000 
readers  each  issue,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
advertising  mediums  to  reach  the  farmers 
and  the  Home-Seekers  that  you  can  ad- 
vertise in.  For  75c.  we  will  mail  yotu  the 
Journal  for  1  year,  or  for  ten  cents  in 
silver  or  stamps  we  will  send  you  the 
Journal  2  months  on  trial.     Address, 

Farm  and  Real  Estate  Journal, 

TRAER,  TAMA  CO.,   IOWA. 
10-tf. 


Strawberries. 

Young,  healthy,  fresh,  vigor- 
ous stock  in  prime  condition  for 
spring  planting. 

All 

Leading 

Varieties 

Write  for  prices  and  terms. 

MONROE    STRAWBERRY    CO., 

Box  66  MONROE,  MICH. 


hi 


aLLGWEIX  ON  E/VRLY  ORDERS  FOR 


LET     ME     SELL      OR     BUY     YOUR 


HONEY 


If  you  have  some  to  offer,  mail  sample  with  lowest  price  expected,  delivered 
Cincinnati. 


IK   IN    NBED 


state  quantity  and  kind  wanted,  and  I  will  quote  you  price.      I  do  busiue.ss 

on  the  cash  basi.s,  in  selling  or  haying 

Full  Stock  of  Bee-Supplies,  the  best  made.     Root's  Goads  at  their  factory  prices. 

SEEDS  OF  HONEY  PLANTS. 


G.  H^W^WIBEF^, 


^2146.48  Central  Ave, 
cmeiNNATI,    OHIO. 


DON'T  KILL 

YOURSELF,  WASHING  tmi 

WAY.  BUT  BUY  AM  B  M  P  I   R  Bfl 

fraiUtt  XBoman  •an  do  euk  or- 
dinary v)athimg  in  oim  howr, 
withovtt  toettint  h*r  handt. 
SampU  atvihoUtc^Pric:  Batisfaotion  GtiarantBed. 
J^onav  unM  trt4d.  Wr\te/or  RluttraUd  Caialogn* 
mndprieet  of  WrifKgtrt, Ironing  Tabltt,  Clothe*  ReiU, 
DryinoBart,  WagonJcusks.Se.  ArentgWanted.  Lib- 
•ralTermi.  QniekSaleil  LitUeWorkll  BiffPt^HI 
AddrtM,Tn  SmpibiWaubb  C:,iim9tfyn.Tf.l . 


AYlien  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 

3  and  5=Banded  Italian 
and  Carniolan  Queens. 

Say  friends,  you  who  have  support- 
ed us  during  the  past  season,  we 
desire  to  express  our  thanks  for 
your  patronage  in  the  past,  and 
respectfully  solicit  a  continuance  of 
your  valued  favors  through  the  sea- 
son of  1904. 

Our  queens  now  stand  upon  their 
merits  and  former  record.  We  are 
preparing  for  next  season,  and  seek- 
ing the  patronage  of  large  apiarists 
•  and  dealers.  We  do  not  claim  that 
our  queens  are  superior  to  all  oth- 
ers, but  that  they  are  as  good  as 
the  best.  We  will  furnish  from  one 
to  a  thousand  at  the  following 
prices:  ""-^sted  of  either  race,  $1; 
one  unte  d,  75c.,  5  for  $3.25,  lO 
for  $6.  15  for  $8.25,  25  for  $12.50,  50 
for  $23.50,  100  for  $45. 
For  descriptive  circulars  address, 

JOHN  W.  PHARR,  Prop., 

New  Century  Queen  Rearing  Co.,  Ber- 
clair,  Goliad  Co.,  Texas. 

BEGINNERS. 

shon.d  hare  a  copy  of 

The  Amateur  Bee-keeper, 

a  70  page  book,  by  Prof.  J.  W.  Rouse;  Trritten  bb- 
pecially  tor  amateurs.  Second  Bdition  just  ou' 
First  edition  of  1,000  sold  in  less  than  two  year* 
Editor  York  says:  "It  i«  the  finest  little  book  pub- 
lished at  the  present  time."  Price  21  ceuLs;  by 
mail  23  cents.     The  little  book  and 

The  Progressive  Bee-keeper, 

(a  Htb,  progresaiTC,  28  page  monthly  journal.)  on* 
year  for  65c.  Apply  to  any  Urgt-claBS  dealer,  ©r 
address 

LEAHY  MFG-  CO.,  HiigiiiiT)U.,  k.. 


Chance 

Of  a  Life  Time. 


100    ^^^*^*^  to  raise 
Belgians 

Send  for  particulars  and    sample  copy 
of  the  only 

Belgian  Hare  Journal 


Published  in  America. 

Judge  R.  J.  FINLEY, 

227  Lamb  St  ,  MACON,  Mo. 


To  Subscribers  of 
THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 

And  Others! 

Until  Further  Notice 

We  Will  Send  The 

Country 
Journal 

to  any  addrtes  in  the  U.  S.  A.  one 
year  for  30  eents,  providing  you 
mention  AiMerican  Bee-Keeper. 

The  Oounlry  Journal  treats  on 
F  arm,  Orchard  and  Garden,  Poul- 
'  ry  and  Fashion.  It's  the  best  pa- 
y)er  printed  for  the  price. 

Address 

The  Country  Journal, 

Allentown,  Pa. 
2tf 


W.  M.  Gerrish.  R.  F.  D..  Epping,  N.  H., 
keeps  a  complete  supply  of  our  goods,  and 
Eastern  customers  will  save  freight  by  order-  | 
ing  of  him. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  Co. 


LGENTS  Wanted  'wrhr^  Machines. 

You  can  double  your  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

d  they  sell  easily.     We  have  sold  over   150,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years.      They 
'■  cheaper  than  e'-er.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co.,    Jamestown,  N.Y. 


BARNES' 

Fcot  Power  MacMnery, 

1  hi>  cut  represents  our 
Coinl)ined  Machine,  which 
is  the  best  machine  made 
for  use  in  the  construction 
•f  Hives,  Sections,  Boxes, 
etc.  .Sent  on  trial.  Send  for 
Catalogue  and  Price  List. 
W.  F.  &  J.  BARNRS  CO 
yja    Ruby    St.,    Rockford.IU". 


The  Towa 

Horticultural 

Paper. 

Monthly, 
50  cents 
per  year. 

It  is  unique, 
planned  on 
onginal  lines. 

YoL'  cannot 
be  ap-to-date 
:'ruit  growing-  unless  you  read  it. 

balance  of   this   year  free  to  new 
scribers. 

THE  FRUITMAN, 

Mt.  Vernon,   Iowa. 


MENTS 


-mptljr   obtained   OB  KO  FEE.      Trade-Mar?{S, 

veati.      Copyrights     and      Labels      registered. 

reHTY  TEARS' PRACTICE.  Highest  references. 

id    model,     sketch    or   photo,    for   free    report 

patentability.      AU      business      confidential. 

LND-BOOK  ii.EE.     Explains  everything.     Tells 

wto  Obtain  and  Sell  Patents,  What  Inventions 

111   Pay,  How  to  Get  a  Partner,  explains   beet 

r  chanical  movements,   and    contains  300  other 

"bjecta  of  importance  to  inventors.        Address 

■  B,  WILLSOfI  S  CO,  ASSys 

790  F  Street  North.         WASHINGTON,  D 


Trade  IVJahks 
Designs 
Copyrights  &c. 

Anyone  sending  a  sketoh  and  description  may 
quickly  ;isocrt;iin  our  opinion  fr'je  whether  an 
invention  is  probnbly  patentable.  Communion- 
tioii'f  strictly  confidential.  Handbook  on  Patents 
sent  tree.  ()!de,  t  asrency  for  securing  patents. 

P.nients  taken  throunrh  Munii  &  Co.  receive 
special  uiitice,  without  charge,  iij  the 


A  handsorwi'ly  illustrated  vreekly.  Largest  cir- 
culation of  any  scientific  iournal.  Terms,  $3  a 
yefir  :  four  months,  $1.    Sold  tyall  newsdealers. 

Uranch  Omce.  635  F  St..  Washington,  D.  C. 


ATHENS,  GA. 


Subscription,  . .   . .  50  Cents  a  Year. 

Published  the  First  of  Every  Mcnth 

and    Circulates    in    Every 

Southern    State. 


ADVERTISING    RATRS   ON   APPLI- 
CATION. 


HOME  SEEKERS 

AND  INVESTORS,  who  are  interest 
0(1  in  the.  Southern  section  of'  the 
Union,  should  subscribe  for  THE 
DIXIE  HOMES EEKER,  a  handsome 
illustrjited  ma.iiazine,  describing  tlie 
industrial  development  of  the  South, 
and  its  many  advantages  to  homeseek- 
ers  and  in\estors.  Sent  one  year  on 
Mini   for  15c.     Address, 

THE  DIXIE    HOMESEEKER, 
West  Appomattox,  Va        tf 


:WE  WERE  AWARDED  A= 


GOLD  MEDAI 


ON  OUR  BEE-KEEPERS'  SUPPLIES 


AT      ST.       LOUIS,       J90^ 

Also  at  Paris  Exposition,  1899,  and  Trans-Mississippi  Expositic 
at  Omaha,  1900.  Higest  awards  at  World's  Fair,  Chicago,  an 
the  Pan-American  Exposition,  Buffalo. 


Root's   Goods   Are   Prize   Winners    and  Are    Sold    1 

World  Over. 


Assiniboia 

Austria 

Australia 

Barbados 

Belgium 

Bohemia 

Brazil 

British   Guiana 

Brit.  Honduras 

Cane  Colony 

Ch'ili 

China 

Cuba 

Dom.   Republic 

Egypt 

England 

I'Vance 

Germany 

Grenada 

Hayti 

Holland 

Hungary 


India 

Ireland 

Italy 

Jamaica 

Japan 

Manitoba 

Mexico 

Montscrrat 

Natal 

Norway 

Palestine 

Russia 

Rhodesia 

Scotland 

Siam 

Spain 

Sweden 

Syria 

Tasmania 

Trinidad    - 

Vaal"  River  t 

Venezuela 


? 


In  all  States  and  Possessions  of  the  United  States 
Provinces  of  Canada. 


(D-ULJO    Oe,t:3,Xog   ±ODr    IQC 

is  now  ready.     If  you  wish  a  copy  at  once  drop  us  a  postal.     It  takes  sor| 
time  to  print  and  mail  to  our  list  of 250,000    bee-keepers. 

THE  A.  L  ROOT  COMPA 


im.XNCiiES: 
Chicago,    111.,    144    East    Erie    Street. 
Philadelphia,    Pa.,   10   Vine   Street. 
New  York  City,   N.   Y.,  44  Vesey  Street. 
Syracuse,   N.  Y.,  1635  W.   Genesee  Street. 
Mechanic    Falls,    Maine. 


BRANCHES:  i;! 

St.    Paul,    Minn.,  1024   Mississippi   Street! 
San  Antonio,  Texas,  1.322  So.   Florcs  Str| 
Washington,   D.  C,  1100  Maryland  Ave. 
Havana,   Cuba,   Obrapia  14. 
Kingston,   Jamaica,   115  Water   Lane. 


futered  nt  the  Postoffice,  Fort  Pierce,  K la.,  as  second-class  mail  matter. 


Homes  in 

Old  Virginia. 

It  is  gradually  brought  to  light 
that  the  Civil  war  has  made  great 
changes,  freed  the  slaves,  ^nd  in 
consequence  has  made  the  large 
land  owners  poor  and  finally  freed 
the  land  from  the  original  owners 
who  would  not  sell  until  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  There  are  some 
of  the  finest  lands  in  the  market  at 
very  low  prices,  lands  that  produce 
all  kinds  of  crops,  grasses,  fruits, 
and  berries;  fine  for  stock.  You 
find  green  truck  patches,  such  as 
cabbage,  turnips,  lettuce,  kale, 
spinach,  etc.,  growing  all  the  win- 
ter. The  climate  is  the  best  all  the 
year  around  to  be  found,  not  too 
cold  nor  too  warm.  Good  water. 
Healthy.  Railroads  running  in 
every  direction.  If  you  desire  to 
know  all  about  Virginia  send  10c. 
for   three    months    subscription    of 

the   VIRGINIA   FARMER  to 

Farmer  Co.,  Emporia,  Va. 


There  la  no  trade  or  profession  better  catered  to 
vf  good  journals  than  that  of  the  farmer.  Uni>- 
telliiient  unprogresslTtness  has  now  no  ezouse. 


ABATHiuiV. 


rMPIRE 


whor  

t.^kuait>an  ""  Portable 
Folding  BATH  TUB. 

Used  in  any  room. 
Agen'ts    W  a  XT  ED 
Catalogue  Free. 
.THt  EMPIRE 
WASHER  CO., 

jAMmaTOWM,N.Y. 


CURE  CONSTIPATION.  LIVEH,  BOWEL! 

STOMACH  THOUBLES. 
10c.  and  25c.  per  Box  AsH  Your 

ACCEPT   NO  SUBSTITUTES 


THE   DIXIE   HOME  MaQAZR* 

10c  a  year.  Largest.Brightest  and  Finest  illustrt 
Magazine  in  the  Wurld  for  10c  a  year,  to  in 
duce  it  only. 

It  is  bright  nud  np-to-dnt*'.  1\ 
all  jil)out  Soutlicni  Home  Life.  It 
lull  of  line  cii.m-iiviijss  of  ^raiid  .so 
ory,  bnildiiijis  nud  famous  pL'Oj 
Send  at  once.  JOc.  a  year  ixtstp; 
anywhere  in  tlie  U.  S..  Canada  ii- 
Mexico.  3  years  50c.  Or.  clnl).s  o 
name.s  5()c.,  12  for  $1.  Send  tis  a  cl 
Money  back  if  not  delij:lited.  Stan 
taken.     Cut  this  out.    Send  tod.iy 

THE   DIXIE    HOME. 
1005,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
When  writing,  muutioii  the  Am.  BeeKeepe 


POULTRY    success    C 

THE    20th    CENTURY    ]?OULTKV 

MAGAZINE. 

15th  year.  32  to  64  pages.  Beautilulh 
lustrated,  up-to-date  and  helpful.  Best  kn 
writers.  Shows  readers  how  to  succeed 
poultry.  50  CENTS  PER  YE.AR.  Spi 
introductory  offers:  10  months,  25  centS) 
eluding  large  practical  poultry  book  free; 
monthsl  trial,  10  cents.  Stamps  accep 
Sample  copy  free.  Poultry  Success  Co..  D 
16,    Springfield,    Ohio,   or    DesMoines,    low 


When  wi'iting  to  advertisers  luenl 
The   American   Bee-Keeper. 


SHINEI 

The  Empire  Washer  Company,  Jamestown, 
N.  Y.,  makes  a  Shine  Cabiret,  furnished  with 
foot  stand,  blacking,  russet  dressing,  shoe 
rubber — in  fact,  all  articles  and  materials  need- 
ed to  keep  shoes  looking  their  best — rnd  it  is 
made  to  be  fastened  to  the  wall  of  the  toilet 
room  or  kitchen.  It  does  away  with  the  vexa- 
tious searching  after  these  articles  which  is 
altogether  too  common.  A  postal  will  bring 
>'ou  details  of  this  and  other  good  things. 


American 


BEE 


Journ 

16 -p.  Weel 

Sample  P 

JIS-  All  about  Bees  and  tl 

profitable  care.    Beit  writ 

Oldest  bee  paper;  illustra 

Departments  for  beglni 

and  for  women  bee-keeperi 

Address, 

QEORQE  W.  YORK  ft  C( 

144  &  146  £rie  St.  CHICAGO,: 


One  year  fre 
quickly  ini 
duce    It.      M 


Big  Magazine 

prefer  it  to  Harper's,  Munsey's,  Ladles'  Hi 
Journal  or  McClure's.  Send  10  cents  to  1 
pay  postage.  AMERICAN  STORIES,  Dept 
D.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich 


Bee    Hives 
Sections 

EVERYTHING 

THAT  IS  USED  BY  BEE-KEEPERS  CAN  BE 
PROCURED  OF  US  AS  CHEAPLY  AS  ANY- 
vVHERE,  AND  WE  KNOW. 

Our  Goods  are  Superior 

BOTH  IN  MATERIALS    AND    WORKMAN- 
SHIP TO  THOSE  OF  ANY  COMPETITOR. 

One   Trial   Will   Convince   You 

ifTHAT'S  ALL  WE  ASK.    WE    KNOW    YOU 
ILL  NEVER  BUY  OF  ANYBODY  ELSE. 

Our  new  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list  is  now 
ready.  Send  for  one  on  a  postal  card. 

The  W.  T. 
FALCONER  IVIANFG.  CO., 

JAMEiSTOWNl,  N.  Y. 


THE  BEST  PRINTED  PAPER 


^  >    IN  FLORIDA   J-  ufc 


Located  in  tlie  Heart  of  the  Cel- 
, rated  Pineapple  Belt  and  sur- 
rounded by  many  of  the  finest 
orange  groves  on  the  Indian  Riv- 
er. Fort  Pierce  is  the  largest  and 
most  important  town  in  Brevard 
county  and 

The  FORT  PIERCE  NEWS 


is  the  best  paper  in  the  county 
and  the  best  weekly  in  Florida. 
It  contains  reliable  information 
about  this  section  in  every  issue. 
Only  $1.00  a  year.  Write  for 
sample  copy.  **• 

The  News,  Fort  Pierce.Fla 


The  Pacific  States  Bee  Journal 

AND   THE 

Rocky  Mountain  Bee  Journal 

Have  been  consolidated,  and 
will  hereafter  be  published  as 
one  .ioin-nal  under  the  name, 

WESTERN   BEE   JOURNAL 

The  new  publication  will  be 
larger  and  better  than  either  of 
its  predecessors,  and  its  pub- 
lisher will  make  every  effort  to 
laake  it  the  best  bee  journal 
publisheo  anywhere.  It  is  pub- 
lished in  the  weot  where  the 
largest  apiaries  in  the  world  are 
located,  and  is  therefore  most  in 
touch  with  what  is  best  and 
most  practical  in  beedom. 

Write  foi  free  Sample  copy. 

Subscription  $1.00  per  annum. 

P.  F.  ADELSBACH, 
Editor  and  Publisher, 
KINGSBURa       CALIFORNIA. 


Nearly  loo  pages  contained  in  u 
new  1905  catalog.     Send  for  one. 


BEWARE 

>VHERC   YOU    BUY  YOUR      j 

BEEWARE 


MAKES  THE    FINEST 


G.  B.  LEWIS  CO., 
Watertown,  Wis. 


IF  YOU 


Send  »r 
Cnti  g. 


WANT  TO  GROW 


Vegetables,  Fruits  and  Farm  S 
Products  in  Florida  subscribe  | 
for  the  FLORIDA  AQRICUL-  | 
TURIST.  Sample  copy  sexv  ^ 
on  application 

E.O.  Painter  Pub.  Co 

JACKSONVILLE,  FLORIDA! 

Si 


MAPS. 

A  vest  pocket  Map  of  your  11 

New  issue.       These  maps  sbj 
the  Counties,   in   seven   colo: 
railroads,    postoffices — and 
towns  not  given  in  the  postal 
— rivers,  lakes  and  mountainsi 
index    and  population  of   cou 
cities  and  towns.     Census — it 
all  official   returns.       We  will! 
you   postpaid    any  state   maji 
wish  for 

20  cents  (siivei 

JOHN  W.   HANM 

Wauneta,! 


WANTED 


Comb  and  Extracted 
Honey  on  commis- 
sion. Boston  pays 
good  prices  for  a  fancy 
article.  J-J'J'J'J-J'j' 

F.    H.    FARMER, 

182  Friend  Street,    Boston,  Mass. 


^rovidence   Queens 

BE  SURE  TO  TRY  THEM 

Orders  Booked  Now 
for  Spring  Delivery. 

LAWRENCE  C.  MILLER, 
|ovidence,         =         Rhode  Island 

'.  O.  Box  1113. 


0  per  cent.  Profit 

lieapples,  Oranges,  Grape  Fruit 

la   a   Specialty    for    Non-Resident    Owners 
and  Intending  Settlers  in  the 

•My   Lake  Region   of  South    Florida 

80t  cent,  annlual  return  on  investment. 
P's  air,  pure  water,  no  mosquitoes.  High 
niind  oak  land,  bordered  by  fresh  water 
kc  suited  to  all  citrus  fruits  and  pineapples. 
ot«  title.  Time  payments.  Address  for  de- 
rive matter,  W.  E.  Pabor,  Manager  Pa- 
w  .ake  Pineries,    Avon    Park,    Fla.  tf 


CAVEATS,  TRADE  MARKS, 
COPYRIGHTS  AND  DESIGNS. 

\  Send  your  business  direct  to  Washinsrton, 
saves  time,  costs  less,  better  service. 

My  office  close  to  TT.  S.  Patent  Office.  TREE  prellmln- 
'  axy  examinationa  made.  Atty'a  fee  not  dae  ontil  patent 
;  is  secured.  PERSONAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN-19  YEAE8 
;  ACTUAL  EXPERIENCE.  Book  "How  to  obtain  Patent*," 
\  etc.,  sent  free.  Patents  procured  tbrough  E.  O.  Siggeri 
I  receive   special    notice,    without  cliarge,    in    the 

INVENTIVE    AGE 

J  illustrated  monthly— Eleventh  year— terms,  $1.  a  year. 

918  FSt..  IM.  W., 
washington,  d.  c. 


IE.G.SIGGERS, 


Tf    Tf    If,   EINGHAI 

J_^  J     has    made   ail    tin?   im- 

/  provemcJiits  in 

^  Bee  Smokers  and 

^  Honey  Knives 

made  in  ihe    last  20   years,  undoiibtiMllv 
he  makes  the  best  on  earth. 

Smoke  Engine,   4  inch  stove,   none  too   ];irt;     s^'nt 
postpaid,  per  mail „ *i  ."(O 

3«  inch 1.10 

Knife,  80  cents.  3  inch l.OO 

2%  inch 90 

r.  F.Bingham,  ?f°';''w'-yo--    -12 

_  .,    ««.    ^        Little  Wonder,  2  in.     .65 

Farwell,  Mich. 


Patent  Wired  Comb  Foundation 

has  no  sag  in  brood  frames. 

Tliin  Fiat  Bottom  FoQidatioo 

has  no  Fish-bone  in  Surplus  Honey. 

Being  the  cleanest  is  usually  worked  the 
quickest  of  any  foundation  made.  The  talk 
about  wiring  frames  seems  absurd.  We  furnish 
a  Wired  Foundation  that  is  Better,  Cheaper 
and  not  half  the  trouble  to  use  that  it  is  t« 
wire   brood   frames. 

Circulars    and    sample    free. 

J.    VAN  DEUSEN    *  SONS, 

Sole    Manufacturers 

Montgomery  Co.,  Sprout  Brook,  N.  T, 


.  I.  STRINGHAM,  105  Park  PI.,  N.  Y.  City 

Tested  Italian  Qtjccns,  _  _  _  $J.OO  each 

I  lb.  Sq.  Honey  Jars,  _  _  _  $5.00  gross 

No.  25  Jars,             -         -  -  -  -  $5.75  gross 

12  oz.  Jar.  burnishtd   tin  cap,  -  -  $5.00  gross 

.  *i:ount  on  more  tlian  one  gross.     Extracted  hioney  always 
on  hand  at  from  5  1-2  ti»  8  cents  pound. 

RIES—QLEN  COVE,  L.  I.  CATALOG  FREE 


% 


WANTED 


EXTRACTED  HONEY. 


Mail  sample,  and  always  quote  lowest 
price  delivered  here.  VA/e  rertiit  Imme- 
diately upon  receipt  of  Shipment. 


THE    FRED  W.   MUTH   CO., 


References:  ■■--'. 

German  National  Bank,  Cincinnati,  0. 
Any  Mercantile  Agency,  or  the  Editor. 


No.  51  Walnut  Street, 

tX^-  CINCINNATI,©. 


AUSTRALIANS. 

NOTE  the  address— 

Pender  Bros., 

WEST  MAITLAND, 
New  South  Wales,        Australia. 


The  largest  manufacturers  of    Beekeepers' 
Supplies  in  the  Southern  Hemisphere, 
and    publishers    of   the    AUSTRALASIAN 
BEP;KEEPER,   the  leading  bee  journal  south 
of   the  equator. 

Sample  copy  *nd  64-paE«  catalogue,  FREE 
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A   iiioiithly  journal   devoted  to 
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I 


Vol.  XV 


FEBRUARY,  1905. 


No.  2 


APICULTURE  FOR  WOMEN. 


A  System  of  Education  Proposed. 

By  J.  W.  Tern. 


THE  establishment  of  agricultural 
and    apicultural    schools    would 
open  up  a  new  field  for  women 
Df  activity   to   which   too   little   atten- 
tion   has    been    paid.      Down    to    the 
present  time  the  majority  of  attempts 
n    this    department    have    been    made 
or  the  boys,  but  it  is  peculiarly  fitting 
hat   we   should   endeavor  to    find   out 
lust  what  may  be  done  to  ameliorate 
'he  economic  condition  of  women  of 
he    industrial    classes,   and    that   in   a 
iractical  manner  which  shall  increase 
he  health  as  well  as  increase  the  in- 
ome. 
Since    men    have    deserted   the    land 
nd    have    monopolized    many    of    the 
rades,    why    should    not    women    re- 
jrn  to  the   land  and   cultivate  small, 
-uits,    poultry    and    bees?      I    do    not 
esire    to    make    laborers    of    women, 
ut    rather    train    int^elligent    cultiva- 
:irs   of   bees,   who   will   become    pro- 
Licers  of  the  first  order. 
England,   ever    since    1871,   has    had 
iT  feminine  colleges  of  horticulture, 
rriculture  and  apiculture,  which  fur- 
sh     gardeners,     horticulturists,     and 
)iarists    for    ereat    properties.      Ger- 
any,  on  her  side,  has  a  female  agri- 
Itural  school;  Austria  has  fifty-sev- 
I  garden  schools  in  the  suburbs  of  Vi- 
na and  1,200  in  lower  Austria,  while 
issia   has    founded    two    agricultural 
hools   for   women   which    are    under 
e  protection  of  the  empress  and  oth- 
great  court  ladies. 


When  one  thinks  of  the  matter  he 
becomes  convinced  that  there  is  no 
occupation  which  could  hold  women 
by  stronger  ties  than  that  of  rural  life. 
Therefore,  we  should  proceed  to 
teach  our  women  horticulture  and  ag- 
riculture, the  dressing  of  gardens, 
cutting  and  trimming  of  trees,  shrubs, 
etc.  Apiculture  is  peculiarly  adapted 
to  women,  which  can  be  made  re- 
rnunerative  and  a  delightful  occupa- 
tion. 

If  we  are  told  that  the  physical  qual- 
ities of  woman  unfit  her  for  rural  life, 
we  reply  that  the  unhappy  seamstress, 
bent  double  over  her  work  from  morn 
until  night,  expends  a  much  greater 
amount  of  energy  than  she  would  in 
apiculture. 

Each  bee-keeping  woman  is  bound 
to  make  the  little  circle  in  which  she 
lives  better  and  happier.  Each  one 
is  bound  to  see  that  out  of  that  small 
circle  the  widest  good  will  come.  Each 
one  may  have  fixed  in  mind  a  thought 
that  out  of  a  single  apicultural  house- 
hold may  flow  influences  that  shall 
stimulate  the  whole  apicultural  world. 

The  mere  study  of  bees  and  bee- 
keeping is  wonderful.  To  study  their 
comb-building,  their  habits,  their  re- 
quirements, their  importance  to  man. 
To  study  the  pollen  they  gather,  and 
how  they  fertilize  the  flowers,  the 
swiftness  of  flight,  the  high  instincts 
in  the  construction  of  their  nests,  in 
their  care  for  their  young  and  in  the 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


24 

division  of  labor  in  the  colony.  It  ex- 
plains the  scarcity  of  seeds  in  first 
crops  of  red  clover,  and  gives  the 
reason  why  the  second  crop  yields 
honey  and  seeds. 

The  life  history  of  the  honey  bee  is 
a  grand  study  for  woman  as  well  as 
man. 

South  Wales,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  17,  1904- 


February, 


THE  LIMIT  IN  BEE  CULTURE 
FOR  PROFIT. 


By  Bessie  L.  Putnam. 

WHATEVER  the  professional 
apiarist  may  find  profitable,  the 
common  farmer  who  keeps  but 
a  few  swarms  for  family  use  finds  that 
there  is  a  limit  beyond  which  he  may 
not  venture  with  impunity.  It  is  this 
way  in  all  branches  of  agriculture. 
When  the  chickens  and  other  fowls 
can  pick  through  the  day,  growing 
nicely  on  two  or  three  supplementary 
meals,  it  is  quite  a  different  matter 
from  the  problem  of  furnishing  them 
the  entire  ration  three  times  a  day. 
The  small  farmer  may  find  twenty  to 
fifty  sheep  money  gatherers;  but  let 
the  flock  increase  to  double  this  num- 
ber and  they  nibble  so  close  that  the 
pasturage  becomes   impoverished. 

Bees,  like  poultry,  belong  largely 
to  the  farmer.  He  wishes  to  have  an 
abundance  of  the  sweets  for  his  table, 
and  if  in  bounteous  years  there  should 
be  some  surplus  it  is  that  much  ex- 
tra to  be  exchanged  for  other  things. 
If  in  an  extreme  season  of  honey 
scarcity  he  finds  it  necessary  to  feed 
weak  swarms,  he  does  not.  as  a  rule, 
expect  to  bestow  upon  them  the  time 
given  by  the  apiarist. 

Such  a  man  depends  upon  the  fruit, 
clover,  basswood  and  buckwheat  in 
turn  to  keep  the  bees  at  work.  This 
is  in  the  North;  other  localities  may 
vary  in  the  nature  of  the  supply,  but 
the  plan  holds  equally  good.  We  will 
suppose  him  to  be  the  only  one  in  the 
neighborhood  who  keeps  bees.  They 
glean  from  near  fields  until  the  supply 
is  exhausted.  Gradually  the  radius  of 
flight  lengthens,  the  time  required  for 
the  extra  flight  decreasing  the  amount 
of  sweets  stored  as  well  as  unneces- 
sarily fatiguing  the  little  workers. 

As  the  search  becomes  more  thor- 
ough, competition  between  swarms  of 
the  same  owner  increases.  It  is  ap- 
parent   that    there    must   be    a    line    of 


demarkation,  on  one  side  of  which  may 
be  written  "Profit;"  on  the  other 
"Loss." 

This  is  where  the  pasturage  is  at 
its  best,  where  the  bees  are  storing 
away  for  the  future.  But  in  the  ma- 
jority of  seasons  there  are  plenty  of 
side  crops,  found  perhaps  in  too  small' 
quantities  to  be  reckoned  in  the  reg- 
ular honey  crop,  yet  which  aid  ma- 
terially in  piecing  out  the  sustenance 
of  the  bees  and  permitting  them  tQ 
save  the  stores  garnered  for  a  time 
of  need.  Yet  if  the  neighborhood  is' 
stocked  to  the  utmost  capacity,  or 
one  man  has  a  large  collection,  this; 
reserve  fund  is  consumed  in  almost 
no  time  and  the  bees  must  then  gq 
miles  for  their  daily  food  or  liv^ 
upon  what  should  have  been  saved  fol 
winter. 

The  larger  the  supply  of  natural 
food  per  swarm,  the  higher  the  nej 
profit.  The  location  of  the  line  bei 
tween  profit  and  loss  varies  with  thi 
season.  Its  mean  position  everyonii 
must  locate  for  himself. 
Conneaut  Lake,  Pa. 


THE  USE  OF  THE  EXTRACTOF 


Recounting    Its  Various  Advantage  j 
Etc. 

(Paper  read  before  the  Hamilto 
County,  Ohio,  Bee-Keepers'  Convet 
tion,  by  Mr.  Richard  Curry.) 

BROTHER  BEE-KEEPERS  AN' 
GENTLEMEN:— At  our  rej 
ular  monthly  meeting  held  in  tl 
early  part  of  October  a  few  remari 
I  made  in  opposition  to  a  suggestic 
or  motion  to  petition  the  managemei 
of  the  Hamilton  County  Agricultur 
Association  to  increase  their  cash  pr 
miums  for  honey  exhibit^  at  the 
annual  fall  fair,  provoked  and  brougl 
on  a  discussion  as  to  which  is  tl 
more  profitable  to  the  bee-keeper,  tl 
production  of  comb  or  extracted  ho: 
ey.  My  defense  of  the  latter  I  ho] 
to  give  in  a  very  few  words. 

In  early  spring,  if  you  find  too  mu( 
old  honey  in  your  hives,  and  cons 
quently  your  queens  cramped  f 
room  to  deposit  their  eggs,  you  a 
use  your  extractor  to  advantage,  ai 
thus  give  the  desired  room  and  _ 
the  same  time  put  a  stop  to  any  i 
clination  to  swarm,  as  in  all  my  e 
perience  I  have  never  had  a  swarm 
any    time    when    the    queen    has  be< 


XQOS. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


25 


supplied  with  plenty  of  empty  comb 
in  the  brood  nest;  and  for  that  rea- 
son you  are  sure  of  having  very  strong 
colonies  when  your  honey  harvest 
commences  in  earnest,  and  the  shorter 
the  season  the  greater  will  be  the  dif- 
ference in  the  returns.  I  have  fre- 
quently seen  seasons  when  hives  op- 
erated for  extracted  paid  a  fair  inter- 
est when  your  comb  honey  colonies 
would    fail   completely. 

One  season  our  apiary  of  twenty- 
six  colonies  averaged  two  hundred 
pounds  to  the  hive.  Out  of  the  twen- 
ty-six colonies,  three  failed  complete- 
ly, as  their  queens,  in  spite  of  all  the 
stimulating  we  could  do,  turned  out 
worthless,  and  before  they  could  be 
replaced  the  season  was  over.  To 
counterbalance  that  side,  we  had  one 
colony  we  felt  sure  gave  us  nearly  if 
not  quite  four  hundred  pounds. 

We    have    found    trouble   in    getting 
Italians  to  go  up  into  the  boxes.  They 
ire  much  more  reluctant  to  do  so  than 
he  old  black  bee,  but  in  working  for 
;xtracted,   it    is    so    easy    to      raise    a 
)rood  comb  up  into  the  second  story 
ind  the  problem  is  solved.  How  many 
imes  you  will  find  instead  of  working 
n  boxes  the  brood   chamber   will   be 
ound  full  of  honey  instead  of  brood, 
nd  very   often   forcing   oflf  a   swarm, 
am    reminded    of    an    incident    that 
appened  some  years  ago.     A  gentle- 
nan   who  owned  several  colonies  invit- 
d  me  over  the  river  to  visit  him  and 
icidentally   look  at   his   bees.     Upon 
pening  them,  we  found  them  in  about 
le  condition  we   speak  of,     that     is, 
ives    full    of    honey,    but    very    little 
rood.      I    explained    the   trouble    and 
hen  he  asked  me  what  I  would  ad- 
ise  him  to   do,   I   simply  pleaded   ig- 
orance.     I   said,  "If  they  were  mine 
would  extract  some   of  the   combs, 
it  you  have  no  extractor."     He  want- 
1  to   know   if   he    removed   some    of 
e  combs,  if  the  bees  would  not  build 
;w  comb.     I  thought  not,  and  if  they 
d  it  would  probably  be  drone  comb. 
It  even  if  they  did  that  would  do  no 
>od.     I  advised  him  to  buy  a  cheap 
'tractor  as  the  only  way  out  that   I 
|uld  see,  but  I  am  not  quite  sure  but 
thought  I  was  a  drummer  for  some 
)ply   house.     In   consequence,   they 
^nt  into  winter  quarters  few  in  num- 
rs,  and    I  was  told  they  all  died  be- 
\e  the   winter   was   half  over,  from 
le    unknown    cause,    as    the    hives 


were  full  of  honey.  How  often  we 
have  heard  that  same  story. 

One  objection  advanced  against  ex- 
tracted honey  is  the  trouble  of  dis- 
posing of  such  great  quantities.  Well, 
it  is  easier  to  dispose  of  fifty  or  even 
a  hundred  pounds  of  comb  honey  than 
it  is  four  or  five  hundred  of  extracted. 

But  when  we  had  our  honey  crop 
nicely  put  away  in  half-barrels,  coated 
inside  with  beeswax,  we  found  the 
disposal  of  it  in  a  great  measure  a 
matter  of  education.  In  the  first 
place,  we  had  a  neat  circular  nicely 
worded,  illustrated  with  suitable  wood 
cuts,  explaining  the  modern  process 
of  extracting  honey  and  giving  the 
names  of  a  few  of  our  prominent  citi- 
zens who  had  witnessed  the  process, 
together  with  a  cordial  invitation  to 
all  those  interested  to  call  and  see  for 
themselves.  This  we  found  always  a 
drawing  card. 

Now  as  to  the  charge  or  assertion 
that  extracted  has  to  be  sold  at  a  very 
low  price:  We  find  no  trouble  in  get- 
ting fifteen  cents  per  pound  for  small 
quantities,  and  within  a  few  days  I 
have  had  comb  honey,  as  clear  and 
white  as  I  have  ever  seen,  in  small 
frames,  sell  at  eighteen  cents.  Too 
cheap,  you  will  say,  and  so  say  I.  It 
is  worth  more — much  more,  in  propor- 
tion, for  while  your  little  workers  have 
been  making  the  comb  and  depositing 
that  pound,  they  would  have  given 
you,  at  a  very  low  estimate,  from  three 
to  five  times  that  much  extracted.  Do 
your  own  figuring.  Now,  in  conclu- 
sion, I  will  say  candidly,  for  myself 
I  would  not  know  how  to  keep  bees 
without  an  extractor  of  some  kind,  and 
I  feel  sure  that  those  of  us  who  work 
for  comb  honey  and  have  used  an  ex- 
tractor in  connection  with  the  other 
will  bear  me  out  in  this.  Not  wishing 
to  monopolize  all  our  time,  and 
thanking  you  for  your  kind  attention, 
I  will   step  aside. 


AMERICAN  APICULTURE. 


Present  Conditions  and  Future  Pros- 
pects Analyzed. 

By  J.   E.  Johnson. 

THE  EDITOR  of  the   Bee-Keep- 
ers' Review  has  often  urged  me 
to  "keep  more  bees."     The  ad- 
vice seems  good,  and  I  have  acted  up- 
on  it  to  the   extent  of  increasing  my 


26 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


February, 


number  of  colonies  over  five  hundred 
fold  in  the  last  two  years. 

Notwithstanding  this  great  increase, 
last  year  my  crop  of  honey  was  250 
pounds  of  comb  and  extracted,  and 
this  year  64^^  pounds  per  colony, 
spring  count. 

Now,  by  making  specialty  of  bee- 
keeping, and  continuing  to  increase 
my  colonies  as  fast  as  possible,  and 
thus  branch  out  by  starting  out  api- 
aries, etc.,  I  should  be  able,  ere  long, 
to  possess  one  thousand  or  more  col- 
onies. If  my  crops  should  Ik?  fair!}- 
good  and  I  should  be  able  to  dispose 
of  all  my  honey  at  the  same  price  that 
I  am  getting  at  present,  great  wealth 
would  soon  be  mine,  and  my  knocking 
at  the  door  of  prosperity  would  cease. 
However,  no  doubt  if  one  thousand 
colonies  proved  a  success,  that  suc- 
cess would  only  whet  my  appetite  for 
keeping  still   more  bees. 

But  in  the  meantime  an  enemy  has 
been  sowing  tares  in  our  wheat,  as  it 
were.  The  story  of  manufactured 
comb  honey  has  gone  the  rounds  of 
the  press  at  a  greatly  increased  rate, 
and  we  find  that  even  fancy  white 
comb  honey  is  an  actual  glut  on  the 
market,  notwithstanding  the  honey 
crop  is  light  this  year;  and  such  great 
honey-producing  states  as  California 
have  had  an  almost  entire  failure.  On 
page  22  of  The  American  Bee-Keeper, 
January  ist,  I  find  the  following  mar- 
ket quotation  from  Kansas   City: 

"Comb  honey,  $2.25  per  case.  Am- 
ber, $2  per   case." 

Last  year  I  sent  ten  cases  of  comb 
honey  to  the  Kansas  City  market, 
for  which  I  received  $3  per  case,  less 
deductions  as  follows:  Carriage  and 
cartage,  29  cents;  commission,  30 
cents.  This  left  me  $2.41  per  case. 
Now,  fellow  bee-keepers,  can  I  sell 
my  best  comb  honey  for  $2.25,  after 
you  deduct  as  follows: 
Say  for  freight  and  cartage.  .  .  .20  cts. 

Say   for   commission    22  cts. 

Say  for  cost  ot  case  complete.  .20  cts. 

Say  for   cost   of   sections 12  cts. 

Say   for    foundation    5  cts. 

Total    79  ct.s. 

$2.25  — .79  =  $1-46. 

What  do  you  think  of  $1.46  per 
twenty-four-pound  case  of  best  honey? 
Nos.  2  and  3  somewhere  between  that 
and  nothing,  and  counting  nothing  for 
your  work,  cost  of  hive  and  other  ex- 
penses.       What    has    brought    about 


such  a  state  of  affairs?  And  what  is 
the  remedy?  The  remedy  should  be 
administered  in  very  liberal  doses  un- 
til a  reaction  takes  place. 

I  have  taken  the  Kansas  City  quo- 
tations merely  as  an  example,  because 
I  sold  honey  through  this  firm  last 
year  and  found  them  not  only  honest, 
but  they  quoted  prices  correctly. 

The  Boston  quotations  are  highei> 
for  fancy,  but  say  absolutely  no  call 
for  buckwheat.  Rather  tough  on  the 
bee-keeper  with  a  large  crop  of  buck- 
wheat honey  on  hand.  And  still  we 
are  advised  to  keep  more  bees  so  as 
to  pile  up  ton  upon  ton  of  honey. 

At  the  St.  Louis  convention  a  pa- 
per was  read  by  the  secretary  pro 
tem.,  in  which  he  stated  that  large 
consumers  of  honey,  those  that  use 
fifty  carloads  and  upwards  per  an- 
num, have  united  their  energies  with 
the  buyers  and  commission  brokers, 
and  as  a  result  we  are  left  to  take 
what  they  are  pleased  to  oflFer  us  for 
our  honey.  Or,  in  other  words,  sev- 
eral of  our  best  and  most  enthusiastic 
members  in  the  National  were  openly 
and  publicly  charged  with  being  in 
league  with  the  large  honey  consum- 
ers, and  as  a  result  we  are  being  rob- 
bed of  our  just  profits.  Considering, 
that  such  men  as  Mr.  Geo.  W.  York, 
E.  T.  Abbott,  Fred  Muth,  C.  H.  W, 
Weber  and  other  men  of  unquestion- 
able reputation  are  large  honey  buy- 
ers and  commission  brokers,  and  were 
present,  this  statement  .caused  some 
surprise.  These  men  declared  that 
they  knew  nothing  of  any  such  com- 
bine. The  reader  of  the  article  said 
he  could  put  his  finger  on  the  people 
who  were  in  this  great  combine,  and 
could  tell  exactly  who  they  were,  but 
thought  it  not  well  to  give  it  out  in 
public;  so  the  accusation  is  still  un- 
explained, and  we  are  left  to  form  oiu 
own  opinion  as  to  whether  the  ac- 
cuser could  prove  his  accusations  true 
However,  a  new  association  or  stock 
company  was  bron  that  day,  with 
stock  at  $100  per  share,  par  value.  This 
is  practically  a  specialists'  association 
and  was  formed  for  their  benefit.  1 
have  heard  suggested  that  this  asso- 
ciation is  to  be  somewhat  on  the  or- 
der of  the  citrus  fruit  association,  ancj 
is  for  the  purpose  of  lowering  trans- 
portation and  commission  charges.  h\ 
has  been  said  that  the  California  Cit-l 
rus  Fruit  Exchange  has  brought  aboul] 
a    condition   of  affairs   which  enablesj 


igos.  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  37 

the  consumer  to  buy  oranges  in  St.  Swarming  may  be  excessive  for  one 
Louis  or  Chicago  for  the  same  price  locality  or  season  and  only  moderate 
at  which  they  are  sold  in  California,  for  another.  The  degree  is  largely  in 
That  is  a  good  thing  for  the  con-  proportion  to  the  natural  honey  re- 
sumer  in  St.  Louis  or  Chicago,  and  sources  of  the  region  and  the  flow 
no  doubt  a  good  thing  for  the  pro-  during  the  particular  season  under 
ducer  in  California,  but  here  is  how  consideration.  We  have  known  small 
this  honey  business  differs:  yards  where  the  natural  increase  was 

Only  a  small  portion  of  the  United   three-fold,    and    still    a     good     honey 
States  produces  oranees,  and  any  ar-    crop  was  harvested,  and  all  had  suf- 
rangement    to    lessen    the    freight    so   ficient  left  for  winter.     In  other  sea- 
as  to  sell  the  goods  cheaper  at  a  dis-   sons  one  swarm  per  colony  would  re- 
tant  market  and  still  get  more   clear    duce  the  old  colony  in  stores  to  such 
money  out  of  the  goods  is  a  good  ar-   an    extent    that    they   would    succumb 
rangement;  and  the  California  people   to   starvation   before   spring,   and   the 
boast   of  the  fact   that  the   California   swarm   being    in    the    same,    or    more 
Citrus  Fruit  Exchange  was  the  means   generally     poorer,     condition,     would 
of  driving  foreign  oranges  out  of  the   also  die  of  starvation.     This  is  speak- 
New   York  market.     Why   was   that?    ing    of    small    yards,    where    little    is 
Simply  because  by  economy  and  ad-   known  by  the  apiarist  of  the  amount 
vantages  obtained  by  the  organization   of    stores    really    required    for    winter 
they  could  undersell  them.     But  hon-   and   no   thought   is    given   to   feeding, 
ey    is    produced    in    all    parts    of    this        Bee-keepers  of  this   class   generally 
country,  and  although  California  and    scorn    the    idea    of    feeding    bees    for 
Texas    have,    to   a   great   extent,    sup-   winter.     It  is  thought  that  natural  in- 
plied    the    diflferent    markets    of    the   stinct  would  prompt  the  bees  to  pro- 
United  States,  the  bee  industry  is  still   vide    a    sui^ciency    for   winter    in    the 
developing     very     rapidly     in     those   brood    chamber.      To    disabuse    these 
states,   and    the     specialist    with     his   people  of  this  erroneous  idea  is  a  dif- 
juany  colonies  can  make  money  sell-    ficult  task  and  requires  much  reason- 
ng   his    honey    for   from    five    to    ten   ing    and    argumentation. 
:ents  per  pound.     With  them  it  only       To  those  who  should  chance  to  read 
emains  that  they  be  well  organized,   this  article,  let  me  say:    Don't  let  your 
;o  that  all  their  honey  finds  a  market  bees    starve,    even    though    they    have 
vhere  it   will   bring  the   cash,   and  b\'   produced   little    or   no   surplus.      Feed 
hipping    in    carload    lots    and    saving   them  good  sugar  syrup  to  amply  pro- 
)oth    freight    and    commission,    they    vide   them   with   stores   until    another 
:an,    without    any    trouble,    undersell   season.     No  doubt  they  will  repay  you 
he  ordinary  bee-keeper  with  his  one    manyfold    for  your    outlay,    and   you 
lundred  or  two  hundred  colonies.  The    will    have    a    stock   of  bees»  whereas, 
western    states    and    Texas    have    still   had  you  not  provided  stores,  nothing 
luch   unoccupied    territory   which,  in   but  empty  hives  would  be  left,  and  to 
he  near  futuie,  will  contain  thousands    the    inquirer   you    would    say:      "Bees 
f  colonies  of  bees.     The  bee-keepers    are  no  good.  They  winter  killed."    No 
1  those  parts  are  largely  specialists,    wonder  bees  winter-kill^  if  they  have 
■'ho    are    increasing    their    stock,    and    not    enough    food    t,o    last    them    till 
lere   is   no   gainsaying   the   fact   that    spring.     There  is  little  more  logic  in 
le  output  of  honey  is  gaining  more   expecting  bees  to  provide  themselves 
ipidly   than   is   the   consumption.  under    all    conditions    with    sufficient 

Williamsfield,  111.,  Jan.   11,   1905.  stores  for  winters  of  variable  intensity 

—  and  duration  than  to  expect  live  stock 

SWARMING  AND  WINTERING     to  lay  in  a  supply  of  fodder. 

T>i?CTTT  TC  Ii    your    bees    should    be    light    of 

Kii^ui^ia.  stores,  do  not  delay,  but  feed  them  a 

By  L.   M.  Gulden.  sufficient     quantity     of     good     sugar 

syrup,  made  of  two  parts  granulated 
ROBABLY     nine-tenths     of     the   sugar  and  one  part  hot  water.     A  Mil- 
winter  losses  among  small  bee-   ler  feeder,  which  will  hold  enough  for 
keepers,      and      possibly      also  wintering'  a    colony    and    which    may 
)ng    the    larger    apiarists,    may    be   be  used  in  all  kinds  of  weather,  is  the 
rectly    traced    to    excessive    swarm-   best  to  feed  with  at  this  time  of  year. 

Pepper-box  feeders  are  also  good,  but 


28  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  February, 

the  Miller  is  preferable  on  account  of  seasons    here   had    been   too    poor    to 

the   quantity  which  one  will  hold.  give  it  a  fair  trial. 

Just    ho\\j    much    feeding    need'    be       This  spring,   however,  opened  with 

done  depends  on  the  amount  of  stores  old-time  promise,  the  natural  flora  be- 

the  colony  already  has,  the  length  of  ing  supplemented  by  the  heaviest  or- 

time   before   they  will  be   able   to   se-  ange     bloom     since     the     disastrous 

cure    sufficient    from    natural    sources,  freezes  of  nearly  ten  years  ago.    After 

and  the   populousness  of  the  particu-  a  long  winter  of  steady  cool  weather, 

lar    colony.      Practice    will    determine  March  came  with  a  burst  of  blossom 

that.     In  this  locality,  where  bees  are  and  warmth  that  soon  set  the  bees  to 

confined  about  five  months  and  there  swarming. 

will  be  another  month  before  sufficient       I  shooK  all  colonies  as  fast  as  I  dis- 

honey  can  be  gathered  for  daily  needs,  covered   them   with  cells,   some   upon 

at  least  thirty  pounds  of  stores  must  starters   and   others   upon   full   sheets 

be  available.  of    foundation,    giving    them    a    comb 

The  articles  written  by  some  of  our  containing  some  brood  and  honey.  ! 
leading  apiarists  advocating  from  ten  In  a  good  steady  flow,  and  with 
to  twenty  pounds  of  stores  no  doubt  young  queens,  I  have  no  doubt  start- 
are  the  cause  of  many  novices  getting  ers  are  all  right,  but  some  of  my 
a  wrong  idea  as  to  the  amount  really  queens  were  three  and  four  years  old, 
required  to  winter  a  normal  colony,  and  in  these  cases  much  drone  comb , 
and  thus  are  many  lost  from  insuffi-  was  the  result,  as  well  as  the  swarm- 
cient  stores.  False  economy  plays  its  ing  of  these  shaken  swarms  with  old 
part.  Rather  than  buy  sugar  to  feed,  queens  as  soon  as  they  could  start 
the  bees  are  allowed  to  take  their  cells.  This  did  not  occur  with  any 
chances,  no  matter  how  much  stores  one  or  two-year-old  queens,  and  most 
they  happen  to  have.  of   the    others    should    have    been    re- 

You  bee-keepers  who  do  not  see  the  placed  last  fall, 
inside    of    the    brood    chamber,    learn       The  flow  was  chopped  off  by  north 

to   know   how    heavy   the   hives,   bees  winds,   so   that   those   last  shaken,  aS' 

and  all,  should  be  to  insure  safe  win-  well    as    natural    swarms,    had    to    be 

taring,  and  be  sure  they  are  sufficient-  assisted,    but    enough    was    done    tc, 

ly  heavy  before  placing  them  into  the  prove   that   the   plan,  under  favorablt 

cellar.     If  there  should  be  any  doubt  conditions,    would    work    quite    satis-! 

as     to     their     wintering     safely,    feed  factorily    here.      I     did     not    try    th(| 

them    before    cellaring,    or    mark    the  double,  or  second  shake,  as  I  wantec 

hive,   so   an   examination   may   readib'^  the  brood  for  use  in  nuclei. 
be    made    before    spring    to    see    that       In  this  connection  I  will  state  tha 

they  will  winter  safely.  this   spring   I    ran   across   one   of  thf 

Better   provide   for   winter   as   soon  exceptions  to   a  general  rule.     Whet 

as    possible    after    the   honey   crop    of  the  old  hive  was  moved  from  besid< 

the  year  is  over.  a    natural    swarm,    hived    on    the    ol( 

Osakis     Minn.     Oct.    31,    1904.  stand,  the  bees  of  the  swarm  killed  al 

■    '     ■  ' ■___  of   the   bees   of  the   parent   colony  re 

turning   to   it. 
•  FORCED.  SWARMS.  Holly  Hill,  Fla.,  Oct.  24,   1904.     ' 


A   Peculiar   Result  in   Practicing  the  ^     1  „ 

Heddon      Method      of      Preventing  Some    of    our    large    honey-deahnj 

Aft          arms  nrms  are  striving  for  the  mamtenano 

■ of    a    profitable    market    in    our    ow! 

•b     r    c   u       '  country    for   American    honey.      0th 

By  C.  b.  Hams.  ^^.g   ^^j.^    obviously,    seeking   to   profi 

IN   the   numerous   reports   of  forced  through  the  introduction  of  a  foreigi 

•  swarms,  I  have  seen  but  few  from  product  that  will,  at  a  lower,  thoug! 

southern    points;    so    perhaps    an  more  profitable  figure,  crowd  Ameri 

experience  from  this  state  may  be  -of  can  goods  "oflf  the  earth,"  so  to  speak 

interest.  Let  us  seek  to  cultivate  the  acquaint: 

I   had   been    desirous   of   trying   the  ance  of,  and  to  co-operate  with,  tb 

shaken  swarm  plan  since  it  first  came  honey   barons   who   seek  to   maintaiij 

prominently  to  the  front,  several  years  a  profitable  American  market  for  th' 

ago,    but,    until    the    past    spring,    the-  .•\merican  product. 


igos.  THE    AMERICAN     BEE-KEEPER. 

SIXTY  YEARS  AMONG  THE 
BEES. 


29 


First  Letter. 


Dr.  Miller  or  any  of  the  advocates  of 
old  combs.  The  bees  (I  should  say, 
the  log)  was  at  the  east  end  of  a  build- 
ing used  for  repairing  things,  or  a 
kind  of  a  rainy-day  resort,  which  we 
Rv  W    T    DavU    T^t  youngsters      designated,      the      "Sub- 

By  W.  J.  Davis,  1st.  Treasury."     The  older  reader  will  re- 

ON  JANUARY  I,  1845,  two  good-  member  that  was  a  more  common 
sized  boys  might  have  been  word  then  than  now.  The  bees  win- 
seen  with  a  one-horse  sleigh,  tered  fine,  and  when  spring  awoke, 
making  for  a  bee-keeper's  home  on  a  two  boys  might  have  been  seen,  one 
hill  north  of  the  valley  of  the  Broken-  on  either  side  of  the  old  log,  watch- 
straw  creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Alle-  ing  the  industrious  citizens  going 
gheny  river,  in  western  Pennsylvania,    and    coming. 

to  become  the  legal  owners  of  a  hive        "See    there,"    says    one    boy,    "what 
of  bees.  a   great   load   of  honey    that   bee   has 


H,me  and  Apiary  of  Capt.  H.  H.  Robinson,  Cuba.— (See  Editoria'S.) 


The  "boys"  were  the  writer  and  an 
older  brother.  We  purchased  from  an 
-incle,  for  $5.00  in  silver,  a  colony  of 
Dees  in  a  section  of  a  hollow  log,  with 
I  wide  board  nailed  on  the  upper  end 
ind  a  similar  one  for  a  bottom,  with 
hree  or  four  triangular  notches  in 
he  lower  end  of  the  log  for  "fly-holes" 
or  the  bees. 

What  mysteries  were  hidden  in  that 
)rimitive  home  of  blackness  and 
weetness!  The  bees  in  color  would 
uit  the  most  ardent  admirer  of  the 
ilacks,  and  the  combs  were  as  black 
s  the  bees  and  would,  no  doubt,  suit 


on  its  legs."     Then  someone  told  us 

that  it  was  not  honey  on  their  legs, 
but  wax.  When  a  Yankee  boy  with 
a  little  Dutch  blood  in  his  veins  starts 
out  to  investigate  a  thing  he  is  going 
to  investigate. 

Some  time  in  May  that  hive  began 
to  show  some  awful  big  bees,  and 
early  in  June  out  came  a  swarm.  We 
were  provided  with  some  new  hives, 
all  painted  red.  They  were  called  the 
Weeks  hive,  the  "most  wonderful  in- 
vention under  the  sun."  But  in  truth, 
it  was  a  great  improvement  on  the 
straw  skep  or  log  gum.  The  brood 
chamber  would  hold  about  one  bushel, 


30 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


February, 


dry  measure,  above  which  was  a  cham- 
ber intended  to  hold  two  twelve- 
pound  boxes  for  surplus  honey.  Sev- 
en one-inch  holes  for  each  surplus  box 
admitted  the  bees  from  brood  cham- 
ber. A  glass  in  one  end  of  box  (cov- 
ered by  a  slide)  enabled  the  bee- 
keeper to  judge  of  the  sta^e  of  com- 
pleteness of  the  surplus.  One  pecu- 
liarity of  these  hives  was  that  they 
were  hung  by  cleats  nailed  on  each 
side  and  the  front  of  hive  was  three 
or  four  inches  longer  than  the  back, 
and  the  bottom-board  was  hung  to 
the  hive  by  four  wires,  which  allowed 
the  bees  to  pass  out  anywhere  at  bot- 
tom of  hive,  and  was  closed  by  sim- 
ply shoving  the  bottom  forward,  and 
turning  button  in  rear.  I  have  taken 
hundreds  of  pounds  of  surplus  honey 
from  just  such  hives.       ■* 

But  did  you  ever  hear  of  an  enthusi- 
astic young  bee-keeper  who  did  not 
want  to  construct  something  new  in 
the  way  of  a  bee  hive  that  would  em- 
brace his  own  ideals  of  what  a  hive 
ought  to  be?  If  you  have,  dear  read- 
er, all  I  have  to  say  is  "That  is  a 
sign.  He  never  would  do  for  a  hero 
of  mine."  This,  remember,  was  be- 
fore thedays  of  large  plants  for  the 
manufacture  of  bee-keepers'  supplies. 
Before  the  invention  of  the  movable 
frame  hive,  three  years  before  Capt. 
Baldenstein  called  the  attention  of 
Dr.  Dzierzon  to  the  Italian  bee,  and 
eight  years  before  that  pioneer  in 
scientific  bee  culture  had  seen  the 
beautiful  bee  so  much  admired  on  this 
western  continent.  So  many  different 
shapes  and  sizes  of  hives  were  made 
some  with  large  glass  in  front,  but 
covered  by  door,  but  retaining  the  sur- 
plus feature  spoken  of  above. 

Every  bee-keeper  in  those  days 
made  his  own  hives,  and  quite  often 
hives  were  made  while  the  swarms 
awaited  on  the  limb  of  a  tree.  Bees 
wintered  in  those  days  on  their  sum- 
mer stands  here  in  western  Pennsyl- 
vania without  protection.  Though 
the  winds  blew  and  the  snow  fell  as 
at  present,  the  vast  acreage  of  for- 
ests seemed  to  take  away  the  bite  of 
the  wind  that  later  years  produce. 
The  usual  price  of  honey  in  the  forties 
and  early  fifties  was  about  I2i/^  cents 
per  pound.  Much  of  the  land,  but 
lately  cleared,  was  rich  in  vegetable 
mould  and  potash  from  the  burned 
timber,  and  the  white  clover  was  rich 
in  nectar.    Youngsville,  Pa.,  Dec.  19. 


HARDSCRABBLE  INTERVIEW. 


Ah-h-h.  Eh?  Well,  here's  happy 
days.     Now  I  feel  better. 

Talkin'  of  De  Luxes,  either  you  or 
Ernest  don't  know  'em  when  you  see 
'em.  You  said  they've  just  put  out  a 
new  edition  of  A,  B,  C — fortunit  'tamt 
claimed  to  be  the  X  Y  Z — and  are 
now  goin'  to  De  Luxe  it.  Durn  fine 
deluxin'  it'll  be  arter  the  types  be 
all  worn  down.  Only  Mr.  DeLuxy's 
I  ever  hearn  on  were  the  first  born  of 
the  press. 

Them  '*Going-to-Bees"  in  the  Jan- 
uary American  Bee-Keeper  sound 
powerful  true.  Queer  what  a  crop  of 
'em   is   steady  sproutine. 

Stahlman's  apiary  is  liken  to  a  crazy 
stoned   old   graveyard. 

Joe  Pen's  troubles  of  "Unprepar- 
edness"  'minds  me  of  the  Japs,  'cauise 
they're   so   opposite. 

I'm  blamed  sorry  for  Hewitt,  with 
J.  E.  J.  after  him.  He'll  sure  find  it 
"Too  much  Johnson." 

Say,  you  caught  me  right  good  with 
your  camera,  but  there's  one  thing 
you  can't  do,  sonny,  smart  as  ye  be; 
ye  can't  "put  your  finger  on  me," 
b'gosh  .     Hawh!     Hawh! 

Don't  like  that  laugh,  eh?  'Taint 
nateral?  Reckon  you  all  don't  know 
a  ghostly  laugh  yet. 

The  filling  in  your  Bee-keeping 
World  now  and  again  goes  to  show 
how  much  sawdust  composes  our 
dolls'  innards.  No  reflection  on  the 
compilers,  but  on  the  rag  baby. 

Harry,  I'm  'shamed  of  yer.  Nut- 
megapis  Dorsata,  forsooth!  Connecti- 
cut blood  in  your  tubes,  sure. 

In    the    American    Bee    Journal    for 
January  5  I  see  here,  that  the  editor 
asks    regarding    tales    of    the    press,  » 
"Why  Do  They  Lie   So?"     Bless  his  f 
dear    innocent    little     soul,    they    wuz 
born  that  way,  they  wuz,  most  on  'em. 

Same  paper  has  Hasty  talking  about 
"sawing  off  swarms."  Funny  swarms, 
them;  but  serious,  a  bloomin'  crime 
against  the  trees. 

Going?     Well,  so  long. 


1 


A  Johannesburg  correspondent,  in 
the  Bee-Keepers'  Record,  states  that 
conditions  favorable  to  bee-keeping 
exist  in  the  Rustenburg  and  Pretoria 
districts  of  South  Africa  The  nectar 
supply  comes  chiefly  from  the  gum 
trees  that  have  been  planted  in  for- 
mer years. 


I 
I 


:3S.  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  31 

THE  BEES.  And  seek  soft  hyacinths  of  purple  hue; 

All  rest  together,  all  together  toil, 
The  following  inspiring  effusion,   transcribed    At  morn  they  rush  abroad  the  flnwpr<i 
f:nabook  entitled  "A  Short  History  of  Bees,"  f^  cor^il  ■  -iuroaa  me  nowers 

h  been  sent  to  the  American  Bee-Keeper  by  a    ....  apoii, 

Kthern  friend.)  When    twilight    evening    warns    them 

to  their  home, 

I)w     listen     while     the     wond'rous    ^^ith   weary  limbs   and   heavy   thighs 

powers  I  sing,  .   they  com^, 

/  d  genius   given  to  bees,  by  Heav-    -^"^  crowd  about  the  gate,  and  mix  a 

en's  Almighty   King.  drowsy   hum, 

ley,   they  alone,   a   general   interest    ^"^t    ^^st    into    their    inmost    chambers 

share,  creep, 

leir  young  committing  to  the  public    -^"^  silent  lie  dissolv'd  in  balmy  sleep, 
care;  When  East  winds  blow,  or  gathering 

Ad,   all    concurring   in    the    common  rains  impend, 

cause.  The    skies    they    trust    not,    nor    their 

Le  in  fixed  cities,  under  settled  laws:  flights  extend; 

C    winter     mindful,     and     inclement    ^"^   drink  of  streams  that  flow  their 

skies.  city  nigh, 

Ii;ummer  hoard  for  all  the  state  sup-    Work  near  their  walls,  and  short  ex- 
plies,  cursions  try; 
A^rnate    some   provide    the    nation's    On  rugged  rocks,  oft  as  abroad  they 

food,  fly, 

A!  search   it  o'er  each   forest,   field    They  tear  their  wings,  sink  with  their 

and  flood.  loads  and  die. 

3c le  for  the  comb's  foundations  gath-    Such    love    of    flowers    inflames    their 

er  glew,  little   hearts, 

^.    temper  gums  with  daflfodil's  rich    So    great    their    glory    in    these    won- 

dew.  d'rous  arts, 

rin  with  nice  art  the  waxen  arches  THE^  QUEEN. 

bend.  The    state    united    stands,    while    she 

Diwith   nectareous   sweets   the    fret-  remains, 

work-cell    distend.  But,   should   she   fall,  what   dire   con- 

ic e  by  joint  compact,  at  the   city's  fusion  reigns! 

gate.  Their  waxen   combs,   and    honey,   late 

tint     and     watchful     of     Heaven'.^  their  joy, 

^  changes  wait.  With   grief  and   rage   distracted,  they 

ismine  every  motion  of  the  skies,  destroy: 

V.t  showers  approach,  what  storms    She  guards  the  works,  with  awe  they 

or  winds  arise;  her  surround, 

)rase  the  burdened  laborer's  limbs.    And  crowd  about  her  with  triumphant 

or  drive  sound, 

"h  drones,  a  race  of  sluggards,  from    Her  frequent  on   their  duteous  shoul- 

:he  hive.  ders  bear, 

li  crowded  dome   with  toil  intense-    Bleed,  fall,  and  die,  for  her  in  glorious 
y  glows,  war. 

'V^    from    the    breathiner    sweets    ? to   their   toils    in   early   sum- 

•)lended  fragrance  flows.  mer  run, 

1     knows    his    task;    the    old    their    The  clust'ring  bees,  and  labour  in  the 

'iwns  attend,  sun: 

i^e    their    nice    cells,    their    doedal    Lead   forth   in   colonies   their   buzzing 

>orks  defend:  race, 

ulate  at  evening,  those  of  youthful    Or  work  the  liquid  sweets,  and  thicken 

rime,  to  a  mass, 

et-n     fatigued,     their     thigh      sur-    The  busy   nation   flies   from  flower  to 

harged  with  thyme.  flower, 

'"    prey    on    arbutes.    willow-buds    And  hoards  in  curious  cells  the  golden 
'>our,  store", 

cassia  and  the  safifron's  golden     \    chosen    troop    before    the    gate    at- 
Aver:  tends, 

'    fruitful    limes    suck   rich   melli-    To  take  the  burdens,  and  relieve    their 
JOus  dew,  friends. 


32  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  Februar  , 

Warm  at  the  fragrant  work,  in  bands    Then   work   their  woven   lodgings 

they  drive  their  hives. 

The  drone,  a  lazy  robber,  from  their    And    labor    honey    and    sustam    thei 


hive.  lives. 


,  Here  their  delicious  task  the  ferve 

Tell  me.  ye  studious,  who  pretend  to  ^^^^ 

^^^                                       .              ,  In    swarming    millions   tend;    arour  d 

Far  into  nature  s  bosom,  whence  the  athwart 

t»e^                                       ,           n-    ,  .  Through  the  soft  air  the  busy  natio 

Was  first  inform  d  her  vent  rous  flight  ^^^ 

to  steer.  Cling   to   the  bud,  and   with   insert 

Through  trackless  paths,  and  an  abyss  ^^^^ 

of   air?  S^,(,l^    its    pure    essence     its    ether 

Whence  she  avoids  the  slimy  marsh,  ^^^^j                               •                      i 

and  knows  ^^^j  ^f^^  ^jj-^  bolder  wing,  they  so; 

The  fertile  hills,  where  sweeter  herb-  ^^^  ^^j.^ 

age  grows,                                          .  -pi^e  purple  heath,  or  where  the  w 

And     honey-making     flowers        their  thyme  grows, 

opening  buds  disclose;  f^^^^  yellow   load'  them  with  the  i 

How  from  the  thicken  d  mist,  and  set-  cious  spoil. 

ting  sun,  

Finds    she    the    labor    of    her    day    is  ^^^^^   ^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^.^  ^^^^^^  ^^ 

done?  r         , 

Who    taught    her    against    winds    and  J^^  ^.^.   ^^^^-^   ^and'ring  v 

rains  to  strive,  ,        i-„u^. 

To  bring   her  burden    to   the    certain  ^^  '^'re    in    clusfring    swarms   4 

And  throngl,  the  liquid  fields  again  to  ""f  uncITtalJ'  through  the  v 

pass,  1     . 

Duteous,  and  heark'ning  to  the  sound-  o-^^^    y^^^^  ^^^^^^             ^^^^ 

me  brass?  i-      -j             <- 

*  liquid  sweet. 

But"  all   their  cares  and  industry  : 

The  careful  insect,  'midst  his  works  I  get, 

view.  Then,  if  at  length,  the  tinkling  bi 

Now  from  the  flower  exhaust  the  fra-  they  hear, 

grant  dew.  With    swift    amaze    their    flight   t 

With    golden    treasure   load    his   little  soon  forbear; 

thighs,  Sudden    their    flow'ry    labor    they 

And  steer  his  distant  journey  through  new, 

the  skies;  Hang  on  the  thyme  and  sip  the  ba 

Some  against  hostile  drones  the  hive  dew. 

defend;  Meantime,  secure  on  Hybla's  frag) 

Others    with    sweets    the    waxen-cells  plain, 

distend:  With  joy  exults  the  happy  shepr 

Each    in    the    toil    his    destined    office  swain; 

bears.  Proud  that  his  art  had  thus  prese 

\nd  in  the  little  bulk  a  mighty  soul  his  store, 

appears.  He  scorns  to  think  his  homely  cott 
poor. 


W  lien    golden    suns    appear  ^^     .  ,     ,      ,■  •    j     u         n 

An.l  under  earth  have  driv'ii  the  win-  Hark!   the   bee  winds   her   small, 

tor  vear-  mellow  horn 

TlM     winged' nations   wander  through  Blithe   to  salute  the   sunny   smile 

tlic  sky  morn, 

^\nd  ocr  the  plains  and  shady  forests  O'er  thymy  downs  she  bends  her  t 

fl^, .  course, 

Thcr:    -looping    on    the    meads    and  And  many  a  stream  allures  her  tc 

leaflv  bowers  source. 

Tlnv  '^ifm  the  floods,  and  sip  the  pur-  'Tis  noon,  'tis  night: -that  eye  so: 

pic   fl,.wers;  ly  wrought 


)0S. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


33 


eyond  the  search  of  sense,  the  soar    seems  to  be  a  mooted  question  as  to 

of  thought:  their   "stinging"   qualities,    this    quali- 

ow  vainly  asks   the  scenes  she   left    fication  seems  to  be  developed  to  an 


abnormal  degree  in  all  those  taking 
part  in  the  controversy,  pro  and  con, 
I  had  some  thought  of  trying  a 
few  queens  next  season,  but  will  have 
to  deny  myself  the  pleasure. 

I  fear  we  might  be  called  upon  for 
an  ''opinion,"  and  we  certainly  would 
be  afraid  to  "run  the  gauntlet"  under 
f  varied  scents,  that  charmed  her  as    such  desperate  conditions. 

she  flew. Wishing    you    the    compliment?    of 

—  the  season,  ..        ;.„ 

-^litli|i5F:^3J^v>^-^^^§,^^-.^^te,  Yours,,  etc., 

^^Ttfc^  J.  L.  Byer. -.• 


behind, 

s  orb  so  full,  its  vision  so  confin'd! 

'^ho  guides  the  patient  pilgrim  to  her 
cell? 

^ho  bids  her  soul  with  conscious  tri- 
umph swell? 

ith  conscious  truth  retrace  the 
mazy  clue 


J'RAW  SKEPS,  THE  PUNIC  DIS- 
CUSSION, ETC. 

Markham,  Ont.,  Dec.  20.,  1904. 
I  itor  American  Bee-Keeper: 

A'^hen  I  read  your  editorial  in  the 
Icember  Bee-Keeper,  "'Where  Are 
Te  Straw  Skeps?"  in  view  of  your 
oressed  wish  of  possessing"an  old 
saw  hive,"  I  came  very  near  ship- 
pg  you  one  for  a  Xmas  "box." 

lowever,  when  I  reflected  that  it 
vuld  be  probably  near  spring  before 
yi  would  receive  it,  "way  down 
S'lf,"  I  thought  when  you  would  see 
tl  express  bill  you  would  be  apt  to 
r^ard  it  more  as  an  April  "joke." 

^ears  ago  the  straw  "skep"  was 
q.te  a  common  thing  all  through 
tlse  parts.  My  -grandfather  and 
g;atuncle,  of  respected  memories, 
CJh  at  one  time  owned  over  a  hun- 
did  colonies,  all  in  this  kind  of  hive, 
sctnuch  in  vogue  in  those  times. 

,V''hile  there  are  now  none  of  these 
"1  es"  occupied  with  bees,  yet  quite 
I  imber  of  them  are  still  in  evidence, 
1  oodly  number  occupying  the  "ex- 
al  d"  positions  of  hen's  nests,  a  pur- 
pte   for    which    they    are    admirably 

'  >ted.'     At   the   recent   fruit,   flower 

honey  show,  held  in  Toronto,  one 

'these   "skeps"   was  , on    exhibition, 

'     judging    from    the     remarks     of 

a    few  apiarists,    I   believe   they 

not  commonly  in  use  years  ago 

'Other    counties    of    Ontario   as   ex- 

te  ively  as  they  were,  here  in  York 

coity. 

;,  the   discussion  as  to  the  merits 
'n  demerits  of  Punic  bees.     While  it 


PUNICS  HIS  FAVORITE. 


Editor  American  Bee-Keeper: 

Seeing  the  account  in  your  journal 
of  October  last  re  "Punic  Bees,"  by 
Prof.  Benton,  permit  me  to  say  that 
I  do  not  agree  by  any  means  in  what 
he  says  about  them. 

It  is  now  four  seasons  since  I  had 
Punic  queens  sent  me  from  Mr.  Hev/- 
itt.  I  was  informed  of  their  wonder- 
ful qualities  by  two  neighboring  bee- 
keepers, who  had  kept  them  several 
years,  and  naturally  I  wanted  to  try 
them,  which  I  did.  The  first  season 
I  had  over  two  dozen.  This  last  sea- 
son I  received  three  dozen.  I  would 
like  to  get  them  into  all  my  hives.  T 
have  never  had  any  bees  equal  to 
them.  They  are  most  prolific  good 
tempered  and  excellent  workers.  •  I 
have  extracted  over  170  pounds  of 
honey  from  one  hive,  and  more,  so 
far  I  have  found  them  to  be  proof 
against  foul  brood.  I  have  introduced 
a  first-cross  Punic  queen  into  a  hiye 
rotten  with  foul  brood,  and  the  disease 
has  disappeared;  in  fact,  several  hives 
T  have  proved  iii  tlii's  way,  which  is  a 
boon  to  anyone  keeping  bees.  1  feel 
they  cannot  be  spoken  of  too  highly. 
I  would  just  say  my  hives  number- at 
present  about  seventy.  Last  Septem- 
ber I  sold  a  friend  fifty  stocks,  in 
frame  hives,  and  safely  delivered  therri 
thirteen  miles  distant,  and  half  -  df 
them  were.  Punics,  with  fifteen  frames 
for  brood  nest,  standard  size.  Any-* 
thing  less  is  not  suitable  for  them. 
Much  more  I  could  say,  but  will  leave 
it  for  another  time. 

A.  T.  Bartlett. 

Gorton,-    Upton     Lovel,     Wiltshire, 

England,  Dec.  22,  1904. 


34 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Februai 


Swarthmore,  Pa.,  Dec.  29,  1904. 
Editor  Bee-Keeper: 

The  Society  of  Apiculture  of 
Aisne,  France,  has  just  issued  a  series 
of  twelve  handsome  post  cards^  each 
bearing  an  attractive  photo  engraving 
of  scenes  in  and  about  the  apiary,  with 
a  view  to  directing  the  public  atten- 
tion to  honey  as  a  food,  and  "hydro- 
mel"  as  a  drink  in  the  place  of  wine. 
These  cards  illustrate  subjects  of  pop- 
ular interest — several  of  them  depict 
children  in  the  act  of  taking  honey 
either  from  the  hive  or  from  a  jar;  .1 
man  holding  a  swarm  of  bees  is 
shown;  a  horse  eating  a  chunk  of 
honey;  a  house  party  indulging  in  hy- 
dromel — "'  a  drink  fit  for  the  gods." 
All  in  all  it  is  a  good  ad.  and  is  gotten 
out  in  the  typical  artistic  French 
style.  "Swarthmore." 


FEEDING    BEES. 
Sheffield,   Eng.,   Dec.   21,   1904. 
Editor    Bee-Keeper: 

The  article  on  the  first  page  of  the 
December  issue,  by  Arthur  C.  Miller, 
is  a  gem  that  all  bee-keepers  should 
study  and  act  up  to.  Contrast  it  with 
the  silly  one  by  Dr.  L.  E.  Kerr  on 
page  248,  where  he  says,  "All  intel- 
gent  bee-keepers  now  rely  to  a  great 
extent  upon  the  sugar  barrel." 

T  wont  stop  to  argue  such  rubbish; 
— to  buy  sugar,  make  it  into  syrup, 
and  waste  further  time  feeding  it, 
when  bees  pay  nothing  for  the  honey 
they  gather  and  no  time  is  wasted  in 
making  syrup  or  feeding.  Nor  does 
he  seem  to  know  how  to  work  the 
"divisible  brood  chamber  hive"  to  ad- 
vantage. 

John  Hewitt. 


MORE  ABOUT  BEE-STEALERS. 

Waverly.   N.   Y.,   Dec.   6,    1904. 
Editor  Bee-Keeper: 

The  item  in  the  Bee-Keeper  giving 
an  account  of  the  theft  of  bees  at 
Glenlock,  Pa.,  remmds  me  of  the 
theft  of  a  colony  belonging  to  Mr. 
Peter  Bogart.  of  Lockwood,  N.  Y.  I 
wish  to  give  it  to  the  Bee-Keeper,  as 
it  may  be  of  use  to  some  of  them  in 
finding  stolen  property.  The  bees 
stolen  were  in  a  box  hive.  The  own- 
er discovered  his  loss  early  the  next 
morning  and  visited  an  apiary  on  a 
mountain    a    mile    or     more     distant, 


which  was  owned  by  a  person  hs 
ing    a)    shaky    reputation.      The    b« 
were  not  found,  but  he  discovered 
mammoth  box  hive  and  greatly  w<| 
dered  why  a  person  should  make 
large  a  hive.    Several  years  after  a  r' 
ative  of  the  man  owning  the  large  h 
became  angered  at  him  and  told 
man  who  lost  the  hive  that  the  lai 
hive  covered  the  hive  he  had  stolei 
the  time  he  saw  it.     Several  years 
ter,  a  yoke  of  oxen  were   stolen  a 
driven  to  a  distant  butcher  and  so 
The  bee  thief  was  strongly  suspici 
ed    and    fled    the    country,    leavinj 
good    farm    partly    paid    for.      A  : 
years  after  he  was  detected  with 
other  skip  in  the  night,  and  failing! 
halt  when  ordered,  was  given  a  s 
that  proved  fatal. 

J.  H.  Andr» 


NEW  APIARIAN  PATENTS. 


.\  patent  has  been  issued  to  Os 
F.    Kerr,   Texas     on   a     beehive 
which  the  following  claim  is  held 

A  bee-hive  comprising  a  brood 
chamber  and  a  comb-frame  chaml 
means  for  preventing  egress  from 
brooding-chamber,  an  apertured  j 
tition  separating  the  two  chamber 
valve  provided  with  aperture  adaj 
to  be  moved  into  and  out  of  regL 
with  those  of  the  partition  thereb] 
cut  oflF  or  establish  communication', 
tween  the  two  chambers,  a  cover 
the  comb-frame  chamber,  and  smc 
distributing  means  carried  by 
cover. 


A  United  States  patent  has  : 
been  taken  out  by  Carl  Ludloflf, 
Mexico,  whose  claim  is  as  follows 

A  bee-hive  comprising  a  base-fra 
bottom  boards  attached  to  said  fr; 
and  having  their  edges  overlap  pro 
ing  openings  at  the  ends,  a  plura 
of  comb-frames  removably  suppoi 
on  said  base-frames  one  against 
other,  and  a  cover  for  passing  ( 
said  frames  and  resting  on  the  bi 
frame. 


Tn  the  bee's  list  of  "breakfast  foe 
honey  is  the  "whole  wheat,"  w 
substitutes,  such  as  syrup,  etc.,  are 
the  pastry  flour. 


One   hundred   and   fifty-seven  mjj 
bers  were  present  at  the  St.  Louis 
tional  convention  of  bee-keepers. 


4»»»»»»»»MMMM»M  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦■ 


'  .► 


THE 


Bee -Keeping  World 


staff  Contributors  :    F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ. 

Contributions  to  this  Department  are  solicited  from  all  quarters  of  the  earth. 


►♦♦♦♦♦♦ 


AUSTRIA. 
Jung-Klaus  says  in  Boh.  Imker,  it 
is  his  opinion  that  there  is  very  little 
in  the  hive.  It  is  all  in  the  man.  Fur- 
ther on,  among  other  things,  he  de- 
scribes the  condition  there  in  this 
fashion:  "The  common  people  will 
hardly  get  along  with  newfangled 
frame  hives;  they  prefer  the  simple 
box,  which  gives  no  further  trouble 
after  the  swarm  is  hived  till  harvest 
time." 


bees'  account,  give  it  up  for  the  sake 
of  your  own  health. 


Of  M.  Ambrozic,  the  intensive  Aus- 
trian bee-keeper,  who  died  recently, 
it  is  said  that  he  exported  inside  of 
senevteen  years  about  34,000  swarms 
of  bees.  He  dealt  wholly  in  Carni- 
olan  stock. 


GERMANY. 


A   certain  bee-keeper   in   Schleswig 

I  Holstein  has  come  to  the  conclusion 

i  that  feeding  sugar  is   risky  business. 

j  He  had  fed  his  bees  during  the  early 

I  spring.     When  harvest  time  came  he 

extracted    what    he    supposed    to    be 

pure  bee-honey,  and  sold  the  product 

to  a  dealer.    The  latter  had  the  honey 

analyzed  and  it  was  found  to  be  adul- 

i  terated.     The    bee-keeper    was    fined. 

The  Schlesw.  Hoist.  Bztg.  adds:    It  is 

evident  that  a  good  deal  of  sugar  fed 

to  bees  is   not  inverted  and   remains 

sugar. 

The  same  paper  tells  in  the  Decem- 

(ber  number  that  comb  honey  is  now 

I  manufactured    in    America,    but    says 

.  |that  the  manufacturers  have   not  yet 

I  succeeded  in  sealing  the  honey. 


In  taking  a  colony  of  bees  out  of  a 
bee  tree  the  operator  found  in  one 
case  very  shallow  combs  ten  feet  long. 


It  is  said  that  Wygant  advised  not 
to  treat  bees  with  tobacco  smoke.  But, 
he  continues,  if  you  don't  want  to 
give   up   the   use    of  tobacco   on   the 


SWITZERLAND. 
So-called  Switzer  honey  has  often 
been  found  a  purely  artificial  product. 
This  has,  of  course,  caused  Switzer 
honey  to  be  regarded  with  suspicion. 
The  Switzer  Bienen  Zeitung  is  now 
publishing  a  list  of  hotels  and  resorts 
where  pure  Alpine  honey  is  served. 


The  exhibition  of  honeys  and  wax 
at  the  fair  in  Bremgarten  had  for  one 
of  its  objects  to  inspire  confidence  in 
the  product  of  the  hive.  Judging  from 
the  photos,  the  whole  exhibit  con- 
sisted of  honey  in  liquid  shape,  mostly 
in  glass,  nicely  decorated  and  arrang- 
ed. The  beeswax  appeared  in  fancy 
mould  and  casts,  among  other  things 
representing  popular  men  and  scenes 
of  national  character.  An  important 
feature  was  a  honey  stand,  with  a 
girl  in  the  peculiar  national  attire 
serving  as  "salesman." 

At    the    Bremgarten    honey    exhibi- 
tion eight  honey  exhibits  were  reject- 
ed on  account  of  the  honey  not  being 
ripe,  some  because  of  not  being  clean. 
-Schweiz.  Bztg. 

To  improve  dairy  butter,  says  the 
Schweitzer  Bztg.,  take  60  grains  of 
honey  to  one  kilogram  biitter,  knead 
well.  The  same  recipe  has  been  pub- 
lished in  American  bee  journals  years 
ago.     Who  has  tried  it  here? 

An  odorless  coating  for  felt  roofing 
is  spoken  of  in  Schweiz.  Bztg.  as  fol- 
lows: "Coal  tar  and  slaked  lime, 
half  and  half,  well  stirred,  then  ap- 
plied." 


As  soon  as  may  be  determined,  we 
should  be  pleased  to  learn  the  results 
of  the  winter  upon  the  bees  of  our 
readers. 


36  THE    AMERICAN 

MADAGASCAR. 
Bee-keeping  upon  this  island  is 
hardly  in  its  infancy.  There  seem 
to  be  no  frame-hives  in  use.  The 
government  offers  a  reward  of  500 
francs  to  the  first  bee-keeper  who 
operates  as  many  as  four  frame  hives. 
The  bees  in  the  forests  are  hunted  by 
the  natives.  The  honey  is  all  used  at 
home,  but  wax  is  exported  in  large 
quantities. — Leipz.  Bztg. 


FIRST  ANNUAL  CONVENTION 


Of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Bee-Keep- 
ers' Association. 

The  first  annual  convention  of  the 
Pennsylvania  State  Bee-Keepers'  As- 
sociation closed  at  Harrisburg  at  11 
p.  m.  December  7th,  having  been  in 
session  since  noon  of  the  6th.  The 
meeting  was  most  profitable  and  en- 
joyable. 

The  first  session  on  Tuesday  after- 
noon was  devoted  to  business.  Im- 
mediately after  this  session  the  offi- 
cers of  the  Association,  together  with 
Manager  France,  of  the  National,  and 
Mr.  Benton,  of  Washington,  D.  C. 
called  upon  Governor  Pennypacker. 
The  Governor  showed  great  interest 
in  the  industry  represented  and  asked 
many  questions.  The  audience  lasted 
full  forty  minutes. 

On  Tuesday  evening  President  Sur- 
face, State  Economic  Zoologist,  ad- 
dressed the  meeting,  dwelling  largely 
upon  the  education  necessary  to  put 
our  industry  upon  a  more  substantial 
footing.  The  address  was  followed  by 
a  paper  by  Dr.  E.  F.  Phillips,  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadel- 
phia, upon,  "Habits  of  Bees  and  Some 
Misapprehensions." 

The  Wednesday  morning  session 
was  taken  up  entirely  by  the  disease 
question,  which  was  ably  presented  by 
Manager  France. 

Wednesday  afternoon  Mr.  Pratt 
spoke  upon  "Queen  Rearing,"  Mr.  O. 
C.  Fuller  upon  "Bee-keeping  as  a  Bus- 
iness" and  Mr.  Gabriel  Heister, '  of 
Harrisburg,  a  prominent  horticultur- 
ist, upon  "Bees  and  Horticulture." 

Wednesday  evening  Richard  D.  Bar- 
cley,  of  the  State  College,  outlined 
the  work  which  has  been  done  and 
which  was  proposed  to  do  in  apicul- 
tural  lines  at  the  Pennsylvania  State 
College.  Mr.  Frank  Benton,  of  the 
United    States    Department    of    Agri- 


BEE-KEEPER.  February, 

culture^  presented  a  most  able  and  in- 
teresting paper  upon  "Improvement  of 
Honey  Bees."  Rev.  W.  H.  Bender, 
of  Adams  county,  presented  a  paper 
upon  "Honey-Bearing  Flora  of  Adams 
County,  Pa." 

The  convention  passed  resolutions 
upon  the  death  of  W.  E.  Yoder,  of 
Lewisburg,  concerning  desired  legis- 
lation, and  thanking  those  who  had 
favored  this  association  during  the 
convention,  and  thanking  the  presi- 
dent and  secretary  for  their  efforts 
for  the  past  year. 


Worcester,  Mass.,  Jan.    10,  1905. 
Editor  Bee-Keeper: 

Enclosed  please  find  $1.00  to  pay 
for  The  Bee-Keeper  for  three  years. 
I  like  the  paper  very  much.  If  therp 
is  any  place  in  this  country  where  one 
can  order  a  colony  of  Punic  bees, , 
please  let  me  know  in  next  month's 
issue.  S.   H.   Cheney. 

We  know  of  no  one  in  the  United 
States  who  has  Punic  stock  for  sale. 
They  are  advertised  in  our  Queen- 
Breeders'  Directory,  however,  by  Mr. 
John  Hewitt,  Brunswick  Works,  Shef- 
field^ England.  Almost  anything  that 
one  cares  for  in  tlie  queen  line  may 
be  found  by  consulting  this  directory. 
Our  readers  should  familiarize  them- 
selves with  it.  Its  object  is  to  afford 
our  patrons  just  such  information  as 
is  needed  in  regard  to  different  races 
and  where  they  may  be  secured.^ 
Editor. 


A  BEAUTIFUL  BEE  CALENDAR. 


As  a  token  of  kind  remembrance, 
we  have  received  from  Mr.  W.  F. 
Marks,  president  of  the  New  York 
State  Association  of  Bee-Keepers'  So- 
cieties, a  handsome  calendar  for  1905, 
upon  which  is  embossed  a  half-dozen 
heads  of  clover,  in  natural  colors  and 
gold  against  a  field  of  blue;  with  a 
huge  worker  bee  on  the  wing,  also 
embossed  in  colors.  A  number  of 
smaller  bees  embossed  in  white  and 
gold  give  added  beauty  to  the  piec^ 
as  well  as  emphasize  its  apiarian  ap-r 
plication.  The  whole  is  attached  to 
heavy  Kitchell  mat-board  and'  tied 
with  a  blue  ribbon.  It  has  been  given 
a  prominent  place  by  the  editor'^ 
desk. 


1905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


37 


be  duly  noted  in  Mr.  Davis'  own  plain 
style,  so  all  will  be  clearly  understood 
by  the  uninitiated. 


PUBLISHED  MONTHLY. 

W.  T,  FALCONER  MANFG. 

PROPRIETORS. 

H.    E.    HILL,  -  EDITOR, 

FORT  PIERCE,  FLA 


Co 


Terms. 

Fifty  cents  a  year  in  advance;  2  copies  85 
cents;  3  copies  $1.20;  all  to  be  sent  to  one 
postoffice.  < 

Postage  prepaid  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada;  10  cents  extra  to  all  countries  in  the 
postal  union,  and  20  cents  extra  to  all  other 
countries. 

Advertising  Rates. 

Fifteen  cents  per  line,  9  words;  $2.00  per 
inch.  Five  per  cent,  discount  for  two  inser- 
tions; seven  per  cent,  for  three  insertions; 
twenty  per  cent   for  twelve   insertions. 

Advertisements  must  be  received  on  or  be- 
fore the  16th  of  each  month  to  insure  inser- 
tion in  the  month  following. 

Matters  relating  in  any  way  to  business 
should  invariably  be  addressed  to 

THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER. 

Falconer,  N.   Y. 


The  Swarthmore  Shops  presided 
over  by  that  versatile  genius,  E.  L. 
Pratt,  Swarthmore,  Pa.,  have  issued 
another  nicely  illustrated  booklet  on 
queen-rearing  by  the  Swarthmore 
methods.  Its  title  is,  'Baby  Nuclei." 
It  is  "hand  made,"  and  is  brim  full  of 
interest  to  those  interested  in  the 
rearing  of  queens.  Swarthmore  is  a 
real   disseminator   of  enthusiasm. 


The  American  Buscuit  Company, 
one  of  the  most  extensive  baking  in- 
stitutions in  the  world,  and,  by  the 
way,  heavy  consumers  of  extracted 
honey,  it  is  said,  advise  consumers  of 
its  product  to  "spread  with  honey." 
Should  the  National  Biscuit  Company 
incorporate  such  good  advice  into  its 
general  advertising,  wholesome  results 
may  be  expected  to  accrue  to  honey 
producers. 


Articles  for  publication  or  letters  exclp 
for  the  editorial  department  may  be  addressed 
to  H.  E.  HILL, 

Fort  Pierce,   Fin 

Subscribers  receiving  their  paper  in  blm 
wrapper  will  know  that  their  subscription  ex 
pires  with  this  number.  We  hope  that  yon 
will  not  delay  favoring  us  with  a  renewal. 

A  red  wrapper  on  your  paper  inaicates  tha- 
you  owe  for  your  subscription.  Please  giv. 
the  matter  your  earliest  attention. 


Older  and  (perhaps)  wiser  contem- 
poraries have  said  that  the  United 
States  has  nothing  to  fear  from  West 
Indian  competition  in  the  honey  bus- 
iness. The  American  Bee-Keeper  has 
and  continues  to  maintain  that  West 
Indian  competition  is  to  become  a 
very  formidable  competitor  for  Amer- 
incan  trade  in  our  line.  Last  season 
saw  the  introduction  of  the  conditions 
prophesied.  Let  the  reader  observe 
the  results  of  1905  in  this  connection, 
and  judge  as  to  whether  we  are  upon 
a  solid  footing  under  the  present  tar- 
iff schedule. 


The  Bee-Keeper  has  arranged  with 
Mr.  W.  J.  Davis,  1st,  of  Youngsville, 
Pa.,  one  of  the  successful  veteran  bee- 
keepers, to  write  a  series  of  historical 
letters  for  publication.  Every  season 
adds  hundreds  of  new  readers  to  our 
subscription  list^  and  to  these  espe- 
cially, will  this  series  be  interesting 
and  instructive,  as  all  the  important 
events  in  the  history,  of  apiculture  in 
America  from  1845  to  the  present  will 


A  BASE  REFLECTION. 

"Is  that  all  The  Bee-Keepers  that  go 
to  that  State?"  queried  a  green  assist- 
ant in  our  mailing  department  last 
month,  as  he  lifted  the  Kansas  bun- 
dle into  the  mail  sack.  "Kansas  ought 
to  be  good  for  bees,"  he  continued, 
with  the  know-it-all  air  that  charac- 
terizes  green   hands. 

"Why  should  it  be  good  for  bees?" 
asked  the  old  hand,  who,  of  course, 
has;  the  nectar-yielding  capacity  of 
every  state  and  territory  down  pat. 

"Well,  it's  good  for  nothing  else, 
and  it  ought  to  be  good  for  some- 
thing "  came  the   prompt  response. 

We  have  great  hopes  for  the  future 
ot  this  recent  acquisition. 


38 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER 


CAPT.   ROBINSON'S   APIARY   IN 
CUBA. 

Elsewhere  in  this  number  of  The 
Bee-Keeper  we  have  the  pleasure  of 
presenting  a  splendid  picture  of  the 
apiary  and  "la  casa"  of  Capt.  H.  H. 
Robinson,  of  Cuba. 

Just  now,  when  the  greater  portion 
of  our  great  country  is  clad  in  a  man- 
tle of  snow  and  the  hum  of  the  bee 
has  been  hushed  by  the  menacing 
blasts  of  winter,  it  is  interesting  to 
have  a  glimpse  of  summer  life  as  it 
exists  in  our  "cute  little  sister"  re- 
public— Cuba,  with  its  fleecy,  tropical 
clouds,  its  picturesque  mountain  peaks 
and  placid  inland  waters  softly  tinted 
by  a  summer  sun. 

Capt.  Robinson  is  an  American  boy, 
with  whom  the  writer  of  this  sketch 
has  spent  many  weeks  indulging  in 
bee  work  bee  chats,  cruising;  and 
photography.  He  is  an  excellent  pho- 
tographer as  well  as  an  expert  apiar- 
ist; and  is  an  amateur  navigator  of  th? 
first  class.  The  little  apiary  and  palm- 
thatched  home,  nestled  among  the 
great  banana  stalks,  surrounded  by  his 
family,  represents  the  realization  of 
"life's  dream,"  to  the  genial  captain, 
without  a  doubt,  for  a  home  and  an 
apiary  in  Cuba's  delightful  climate 
was  always  a  favorite  picture  in  his 
mind's  eye,  as  evidenced  by  his  par- 
tiality to  this  theme. 

That  he  may  feel  enjoyment  as  keen 
in  its  participation  as  he  did  in  its  an- 
ticipation, is  the  wish  of  The  Bee- 
Keeper. 


WIRING  BROOD  FRAMES. 

The  practice  of  wiring  frames  to 
support  the  foundation,  it  appears,  is 
becoming  more  popular  than  former- 
\y.  Following  the  introduction  of  the 
practice,  wires  were  used  vertical,  hor- 
izontal and  diagonal.  In  fact,  the 
idea  seemed  to  prevail  that  if  a  few 
wires  were  a  good  thing,  a  lot  of  wires 
were  a  correspondingly  better  thing; 
and  the  frames  that  were  wired  at  all 
were  usually  made  a  network  of  wires. 

The  next  advance  step,  perhaps, 
was  that  of  abolishing  all  but  the  ver- 
tical wires,  of  which  three  or  four 
were  used.  Now  the  thing  has  sim- 
mered down  to  about  two  to  four  hor- 
izontal wires,  as  a  general  thing;  and 
this,  indeed,  seems  sufficient — much 
better,  in  fact,  than  the  vertical  style, 


February,. 

for  there  is  no  possibility  of  the  foun- 
dation sliding  down  a  horizontal  wire, 
as  was  sometimes  the  case  when 
none  but  the  vertical  wire  was  used. 
The  credit  for  the  introduction  of  hor- 
izontal wiring,  we  believe,  belongs  to 
Mr.  Geo.  E.  Hilton,  of  Fremont,  Mich.,^ 
who  was  using  this  system  in  the  ear*- 
ly  eighties. 


RESULTS  IN  WINTERING. 


Functional    Conditions    May    Have   a 
Bearing  Upon  the  Matter. 

Mr.  A.  C.  Miller,  of  our  staff,  who 
is  unquestionably  one  of  the  most 
studious  apiarian  investigators  of  our 
day,    submits    the   following: 

Apropos  of  early  and  thorough 
preparation  of  bees  for  winter,  the 
value  of  a  full  larder  early  stocked, 
the  following  from  Newport  may  be 
added.  Probably  it  will  be  new  to 
most  bee-keepers: 

He  says:  "It  is  well  known  to  tlie 
cottager,  that  when  the  flowers  have 
not  yielded  an  abundance  of  honey  in 
the  latter  part  of  the  summer,  the 
bees  in  his  hives  will  have  less  chance 
of  existing  through  the  winter  than 
when  the  production  of  honey  has 
been  plentiful.  This  latter  circum- 
stance may,  perhaps,  be  said  to  arise 
from  a  deficiency  in  the  quantity  of 
honey  stored  up  by  the  bees,  but  I 
have  strong  reason  for  believing  that 
it  arises  chiefly  from  the  bees  being 
in  a  worse  bodily  condition,  and  hav- 
ing but  a  small  quantity  of  nutriment 
stored  up  within  their  own  systems, 
which  alone  enables  them  to  pass 
some  portion  of  the  winter  in  a  state 
of  repose.  If  the  female  of  the  com- 
mon bumble  bee,  Bombus  lerrestris, 
which  sleeps  through  the  winter  and 
appears  early  in  the  following  spring, 
be  examined  about  the  end  of  Sep- 
tember, its  abdomen  is  found  to  be 
supplied  with  large  bags  of  fat.  At 
that  period  the  insect  is  less  active 
and  evolves  a  smaller  quantity  of  heat 
than  in  the  spring,  when  there  is  a 
much  lower  temperature  of  the  atmos- 
phere. And  if  at  that  period  the  in- 
sect be  deprived  of  food,  it  will  con- 
tinue to  live  very  much  longer  than 
it  would  have  lived,  under  similar  cir- 
cumstances, and  exactly  at  the  same 
temperature  of  the  atmosphere,  in  the 
month  of  April." 


I'.S- 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


39 


TIMES  ARE  CHANGING, 
ack  in  the  early  eighties  of  the  last 
c<tury  an  attempt  was  made  to  es- 
taish  "The  Stingless  Bee  Associa- 
tiu  of  America."  The  promoter  of 
th  worthy  enterprise  was  to  collect 
SI  00  each  from  those  who  chose  to 
xDme  members,  and  the  cash  was  to 
hay  his  expenses  to  Brazil  in  quest 
jfi  stingless  race.  Much  of  the  ro- 
ll ice  which  spiced  apiarian  periodi- 
:a  of  that  day  has  evaporated,  leav- 
n  an  atmosphere  of  prosy  facts.  Fig- 
ir  ively  speaking,  the  regulation  bee 
onal  of  today  has  simmered  down 
ohe  discussion  of  "when  to  put  on 
ii:rs." 


BEE  PRANKS. 
B.  Lewis  Co.,  the  "Beware"  peo- 
>li  of  Watertown,  Wis.,  one  of  our 
id'rtisers,  have  issued  a  unique 
)Oclet,  entitled,  "Bee  Pranks,"  in 
vl-h  is  presented  a  number  of  fac 
irle  extracts  of  noteworthy  news- 
>a:r  and  trade  journal  extracts  in 
eird  to  bees.  It's  a  "cute"  thing, 
n  is  interesting.  We  understand  that 
hi  Lewis  Company  will  mail  a  copy 
re  to  anyone  who  will  send  them 
htnames  and  addresses  of  five  bee- 
:e'ers.     Or  it  will  be   sent  for  five 


BEE  CULTURE. 


By  Thos.  Chantry, 
the   Progressive   Poultry  Jour- 

le  profit  in  keeping  poultry  is 
ardy  due  to  the  foraging  nature  of 
hefowls,  in  gathering  up  and  turn- 
nginto  eggs  and  meat  what  would 
'tlrwise  go  to  waste.  The  same 
3  ue  of  the  honey  bee,  only  to  a 
:Eeter  extent.  There  are  tons,  yes. 
nayf  tons,  of  nature's  best  sweet, 
-;  to  waste  over  our  pastures  and 
and  prairies,  because  there  are 

^  ees  to   gather  up   the  sweetness. 

^hen  I  went  from  Mt.  Vernon, 
'Oih  Dakota,  in  1897,  I  found  about 
W(  hundred    colonies    (or   hives)    of 

ee  in  Clay  and  Yankton  counties, 
capered  here  and  there  a  few.  When 
ski  how  much   honey  they  yielded 

0    than   their  living,   many  people 

i'they  got  a  little  some  years,  and 
on  years  none.  My  experience  soon 
heed  that  there  was  a  time,  after 
ru:  bloom    in    May    until   about   the 


25th  of  June  when  bees  were  in  a 
starving  condition,  as  there  were  no 
nectar-yielding  flowers  during  that 
period,  and  as  bees  are  rearing  thou- 
sands and  thousands  of  young  ones 
at  that  time,  they  soon  used  up  their 
supply  and  some  actually  starved  to 
death,  while  others  ran  down  and 
decreased  rather  than  increased.  To 
overcome  this,  if  I  hau  no  honey  to 
feed,  I  placed  a  shallow  pan  or  crock 
in  the  super,  or  surplus  box  on  top 
of  the  combs  or  nest,  and  lined  it 
both  inside  and  out  with  cheese  cloth, 
or  an  old  flour  sack,  then  made  a 
syrup  of  equal  parts  of  best  granu- 
lated sugar  and  water  and  poured  two 
or  three  pounds  into  it  every  few  days. 
This  was  fed  to  the  young  ones  and 
Kept  them  in  a  strong,  healthy  condi- 
tion, and  when  the  summer  flowers  be- 
gan blooming,  the  bees  rushed  out  by 
the  tens  of  thousands  and  soon  had 
gathered  in  a  nice  lot  of  as  fine  honey 
as  anyone  need  want,  while  the  col- 
onies allowed  to  starve  or  run  down, 
had  no  bees  to  spare  to  go  to  the 
fields,  consequently  I  got  an  average 
of  eighty  pounds  surplus  per  colony 
one  year,  while  some  choice  colonies 
yielded  over  two  hundred  pounds 
each. 

The  winter  is  a  great  drawback  to 
bees,  if  left  to  themselves.  Some  win- 
ters they  may  come  through  without 
loss,  and  so  might  your  hens  roost  in 
trees  and  get  through  all  right  with 
not  more  loss  than  frosted  combs  and 
a  few  short  toes,  but  a  bad  winter  and 
not  one  of  them  would  be  left.  It  is 
the  same  with  the  bees,  but  I  succeed- 
ed in  saving  every  good,  strong 
healthy  colony  by  putting  them  in  any 
cellar  where  potatoes  would  keep  well. 
Just  set  them  with  entrance  in  the 
corner  a  foot  or  more  from  the 
ground,  one  on  top  of  the  other  as 
high  as  you  can.  The  entrance  must 
also  be  three  or  four  inches  higher 
than  the  back  end.  Then  hang  any 
old  thing  around  them  so  they  will 
not  get  the  least  bit  of  light.  Just 
make  them  think  it  is  the  longest, 
darkest  night  that  ever  was,  and  don't 
disturb  them  by  touching  or  jarring 
the  hives.  When  there  is  a  fine,  balmy 
day  in  the  last  days  of  March,  or  first 
of  April,  set  them  out  on  the  same 
stand  they  were  on  last  fall,  and  they 
will  come  out  as  if  it  was  only  yester- 
day that  they  were  carried  in  the 
cellar.     They  should  be  carried  in  be- 


40 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Februa 


fore  real  winter  sets  in,  at  night  after 
a  pleasant  day  in  November  seems  to 
give  best  results. 

I  write  especially  about  the  care  of 
bees  during  the  starving  time  in  the 
spring  and  the  safely  bringing  of  them 
through  the  winter,  because  these 
things  seem  to  be  the  greatest  draw- 
backs to  the  successful  keeping  of 
bees  in  this  state  and  supplying  our 
tables^  from  what  now  goes  to  waste, 
with  honey  from  the  various  clovers, 
mostly  alfalfa  and  red  and  sweet  clov- 
er, and  in  the  eastern,  or  rather 
southeastern  part,  white  clover  and 
many  wild  flowers,  shoestring.  Ver- 
vain snowdrop,  and  the  ever  present 
and  abundant  goldenrod. 

There  is  another  subject  I  wish  to 
mention,  viz:  The  purity  of  honey. 
Several  years  ago  there  were  stories 
started  about  the  artificial  making  of 
comb  honey,  and  it  has  been  handed 
on,  and  many  reports  of  factories  and 
places  where  it  was  made.  The  Na- 
tional Bee-keepers'  Association  was 
organized  by  the  leading  bee-keepers 
of  the  United  States  and  Canada  for 
the  express  purpose  of  fighting  the 
adulteration  of  honey.  We  realized 
that  any  mixture  fixed  up  by  man, 
lowered  the  food  value  and  flavor  of 
honey,  and  consequently  1/urt  our  bus- 
iness, and  our  organization  has  done 
all  in  its  power  to  get  pure  food  legis- 
lation in  the  States  and  United  States. 
And  our  committees  have  searched  for 
this  bogus  honey  far  and  near,  and  a 
reward  has  been  out  for  years  to  any- 
one finding  the  manufactured  or  ma- 
chine-made honey.  In  all  my  experi- 
ence, I  have  never  seen  bees  build 
surplus  honey  when  ted  and  I  do  not 
believe  it  can  be  done  without  loss. 
The  following  letter,  from  our  na- 
tional general  manager,  explains  it- 
self, and  he  is  ready  to  back  all  his 
statements; 

The  National  Bee-Keepers' 

Association. 

General  Manager's  Office, 

Platteville,  Wis.,  Oct.  loth,  1903. 

The  stories  told  about  artificial 
comb  honey  being  made,  or  sold,  have 
not  the  slightest  foundation  in  fact. 
There  still  exist  a  few  people  ovpr- 
wise  in  their  judgment,  who  do  not 
know  the  truth  about  honey,  and  are 
too  free  to  report  what  is  not  true. 
As  general  manager  of  the  National 
Bee-Keepers'  Association,  I  wish  to 
say,    there    is    not,   and    never   was.   a 


pound  of  artificial  comb  honey.  ] 
one  ever  saw^  or  knew  of  any  su 
being  sold.  For  years  there  has  be 
a  standing  offer  made  by  a  relial 
firm  (a  charter  member  of  N.  B.  K 
whose  responsibility  is  unquestione 
of  $1,000  for  a  single  pound  of  co; 
honey  made  without  the  interventi 
of  bees.  The  offer  still  holds  go 
No  extracted  honey,  as  it  comes  dir 
from  the  bee-keeper,  is  adulterat 
There  are  but  few  places  in  the  Ui 
ed  States  where  dealers  have  dared 
offer  the  same  for  sale.  State  fc 
laws  define  the  penalties  for  the  sai 
The  National  Bee-Keepers'  Asso( 
tion,  of  about  1,600  members,  scatt 
ed  throughout  every  State  and  Ca.^ 
da.  are  each  one  carefully  watch 
for  any  adulterated  honey  on  tl 
market.  Should  any  be  found, 
facts  would  be  made  known  to  pro 
officers,  the  goods  analyzed,  and 
found  adulterated,  the  guilty  par 
at  once  dealt  with  in  accordance  v 
the  State  laws.  N.  E.  Franct 


A  NEWSPAPER  VERSION. 

The  daily  political  papers  make 
many  blunders  when  they  talk  ab 
bees  that  we  get  discouraged  so 
times  trying  to  set  them  right, 
here  is  an  article  from  the  Chic 
Chronicle  which  seems  too  good  t( 
missed.  The  article  says:  "'Just 
there  are  valuable  strains  in  hor 
cattle  and  other  stock,  so  there  are 
rieties  of  queen  bees  which  are  w( 
many  hundred  times  their  weigh' 
gold.  The  most  valuable  strain  is 
Italian  and  many  Italian  bee  farn 
demand  and  receive  without  ques' 
prices  ranging  from  $50  to  $200  f( 
single  queen  bee  of  a  certain  k 
Such  bees  are  sent  all  over  the  wo 
The  owner  of  a  bee  farm  near  Otta 
Canada,  goes  to  Europe  annually 
brings  back  with  him  bees  of  an 
gregate  value  of  thousands  of  poui 
He  is  enabled  through  the  agencj 
an  Italian  firm;  to  effect  insura 
upon  the  most  valuable  of  his  qud 
This  bee  farmer  has  many  strange 
periences  in  connection  with  the 
sistants  he  is  obliged  to  engage, 
course,  all  bee  keepers  must  submi 
a  certain  amount  of  stinging.  Bu 
some  cases  the  poison  in  the  sting: 
directly  upon  the  assistants 
makes  them  alarmingly  ill.  Others 
immune,    though    stung    hundreds 


35. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


41 


ines.  Bee  farmers  are  often  applied 
f  by  persons  suffering  from  rheuma- 
fm,  who  wish  to  place  themselves  in 
tj  way  of  being  stung.  And,  strange 
i  it  may  seem,  the  virtue  of  the  bee 
cng  does  often  act  as  a  cure  to  per- 
sris  suffering  from  serious  attacks  of 
mimatism."  Now  we  are  always 
sxious  to  have  the  daily  papers  boom 
t;  bee  business,  but  we  would  be 
gid  to  have  the  Chronicle  reporter 
SDw  us  the  man  who  has  paid  $200 
i  a  queen  bee.  We  would  also  like 
t  have  him  point  out  the  man  near 
(tawa,  Canada,  who  goes  to  Eu- 
ne  annually,  bringing  back  with  him 
h-"s  that  aggregate  in  value  into  the 
tDusands  of  pounds.  We  would  also 
Ij;  to  know  where  the  firm  is  lo- 
ced  that  insures  bees  in  transit.  We 
h^e  no  objections  to  reporters  mak- 
ii  the  bee  business  look  as  big  as 
pisible,  but  we  believe  it  would  have 
aetter  effect  in  the  end  if  they  would 
kp  within  the  bounds  of  truth.  We 
fil  like  suggesting  to  all  first-class 
dlies  that  they  employ  a  good  bee- 
k  per  and  give  him  a  position  on  the 
sff  of  reporters,  and  then  they  will 
n  get  so  many  wild  stories  m  the 
pter  about  bees,  but  they  will  be  fur- 
nhed  with  some  things  which  will 
p  ve  very  interesting  to  their  read- 
e  — Modern  Farmer  and   Busy   Bee. 


HISTORICAL  SCRAPS. 


Sectional    brood    chamber" 
we  used  as  early  as  1803. 


You    cannot    sweeten    your    mouth 
saying    'Honey.'  " — Turkish    Pro- 


.  German  book  of  1692  says  bees 
ai  fond  of  music;  when  one  threat- 
en, you  whistle  a  merry  tune  and  he 
■w   be  pacffied! 


t  has  been  said  that  an  unusually 
eey  expulsion  of  drones  is  an  indi- 
«on  that  the  bees  have  superseded 
tbr  old  queen. 


\^o 


F( 


;rman  adage: — 
who   hath    thriving   sheep   in    his 
fold, 
se    wife    is    not    given   to    bluster 
and  scold 
ose  bees  are  aye  wont  to  swarm  in 
due  season, 

grumbling    and    growling      hatJi 
surely    no    resaon." 


(4 


The  American  Boy" 

N4AQAZINE 

The  Biggest,  Brightest,  Best  Boys'  Maga- 
zine In  the  World. 

BOl'S  LIKE  IT  BECA  USE  IT  TREA  TS 
0/  everything  Boys    are    Interested  in 


PARENTS  LIKE  IT 

and  their  boyj!  like  to  have  it,  because  of  its 
pure  and  manly  tone  and  the  hi^h  character 
of  its  contents.     It  i.s  the  only  succes,sful  at- 
tempt to  chain  a  boy's  interest  and  give  him 
the  kind  of  reading  matter  that  he  wants 
served  to  him  in  such  a  way  as  to  stir  his 
ambition,  uplift  and  inspire  him.    Boys  want 
reading  matter  as  much  as  "grown-"ups"   if 
they  can  get  the  right  kind.     If  parents  sup- 
ply them  the  wishy-washv  kind,  or  none  at 
all,  they  usually  manage  to  get  the  kind  they 
oughtn't  to  have,  and  boy-bandits  and  would- 
be  "Deadwood  Dicks"  are  the  result. 
YOUR  BOY   WILL  LIKE 
"1HE     AMERICAN    BOY" 
and  you  will  like  him  to  have  it,  for  it  is  in 
teresting,  instructive,  and    educative.      Au 
thorities  pronounce  it  the  ideal  boys'   maga. 
zine.    It  has  been  a  tremendous  success,  gain, 
ing  nearly  125,000  subscriptions  in  four  years' 
and  the  parents  of  our  subscribers  say  "it  de 
serves  a  million  more.     As  one  parent  writes" 
"/«    )>jy   opinion     THE    AMERICAN 
■      BOV  ivorks    a    two-fold  purpose.       It 
makes  a  man  out  of  a  boy,  and  it  makes 
a  boy  out  of  a  full-groivn  man." 

No  publication  for  young  people  is  paying 
so  much  money  for  high-clasg  literarv  matter' 
for  its  readers  as  is."THE  American- Boy." 

.       .  IT   IS.  PUBLISHING 

KIRK  MUNROE'S  NEW  $1,000.00  .STORY 


Subscriotion  Price  of  "The  American  Boy" 

(  I  Year )         =.        =        .,.  ji  go 

Subscription  Price  of  American   Bee-Keeper     .50 

Total      T     $1.50 
Both  for  Only       =        -        =        =        =         gg 

Address 

American  Bee-Keeprer,  Falcone     N.  Y. 


42 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Februa 


BRIEF  REVIEW  OF  SIMMINS' 
BOOK. 

By  Arthur  C.  Miller  . 

"Three  Hundred  Pounds  per  An- 
num from  Thirty  Acres,  or  a  Modern 
Bee  Farm  and  Its  Economic  Manage- 
ment" is  the  title  of  a  book  recently 
issued  in  England  and  written  by 
Mr.  Samuel  Simmins,  a  prominent 
bee-keeper  of  that  country,  it  is 
worthy  of  more  than  a  passing  notice, 
in  fact  American  bee-keepers  would 
do  well  to  purchase  it. 

The  author  starts  out  by  stating  it 
as  his  intention  "to  adhere  strictly  to 
the  science  of  practical  bee-keeping." 
but  he  soon  wanders  oflf  onto  poultry 
and  cattle.  One  can  forgive  him  this 
when  viewing  the  pictures  of  his  fine 
Jerseys. 

The  first  chapter,  entitled  "Bee  Cul- 
ture as  a  Profession  and  for  Rrecre- 
ation."  begins  with  a  homily  on  farm- 
ing, with  bees  as  an  adjunct,  drifts  to 
how  to  learn  bee-keeping,  how  to 
start,  where  to  locate,  growing  crops, 
capital  to  invest,  moving  bees,  sale 
of  bees  and  queens,  manufacture  of 
suppli  ;s,  and  concludes  with  some  in- 
teresting remarks  on  bee-keeping  for 
recreation. 

The  next  chapter,  on  "How  to  Han- 
dle," begins  with  precautions  against 
robbing,  then  "driving,"  "transfer- 
ring," "uniting,"  "smoke,"  "gloves," 
veils."  "sting  cures,"  etc.  And  so 
the  chapters  go,  jus  tas  most  of  us 
"talk  bees,"  drifting  from  one  part  to 
another.  The  lack  of  order  and  con- 
tinuity detract  from  the  pleasure  of 
the  book.  Beside  this,  the  paper  and 
binding  are  poor,  the  illustrations  are 
scattered  indiscriminately,  without  re- 
gard to  the  text,  and  many  "head"  and 
"tail-pieces"  are  used,  which,  while 
having  no  connection  with  bees  or 
bee-keeping,  take  up  valuable  room 
and  add  to  the  expense  without  add- 
ing to  the  beauty  of  the  work.  Per- 
haps Mr.  Simmins  is  not  to  blame  for 
these  latter  faults,  but  the  first  edi- 
tion of  his  book,  published  in  1887. 
warranted  our  expecting  much  better 
than  we  have  in  this  edition.  How- 
ever, the  good  things  are  so  numerous 
and  the  teling  of  them  so  plainly  be- 
speaks the  work  of  an  experienced 
hand,  that  the  shortcomings  may  well 
be  overlooked.  Mr.  S.  is  a  firm  be- 
liever in  planting  for  honey,  and  uses 


for  such  purposes  crops  of  value 
hay,  etc.  His  figures  of  costs  and 
turns  are  interesting.  In  consider; 
poultry  as  an  adjunct  to  a  bee  fai 
he  tells  of  a  profit  of  $5  a  head,  wl 
in  this  country  $1  to  $1.50  each  is  ci 
sidered  good. 

The  chapter  on  swarming  has  irn 
points  quite  different  from  Amerit 
practices  and  beliefs.  The  one 
queen-rearing  is  valuable,  and  then 
a  profitable  chapter  on  the  product 
of  wax  and  the  non-use  of  foundati 
Much  is  said  on  the  use  of  honey 
food  and  medicine,  but  bears  rat 
heavily  on  the  medical  profession. 

Like  all  enthusiastic  bee-keepers, 
has  tried  hrs  hand  at  inventing,  i 
with  results  that  are  worth  studyii 
Some  of  his  conclusions  as  to  ' 
them  in  hive  construction  are  radi* 
ly  different  from  notions  on  this  s 
habits  and  his  methods  of  meet 
of  the  "pond." 

Mr.    Simmins    is    much    irritated 
the  cool  way  some  of  his  discove) 
and  inventions  have  been  appropria 
as  original  by  writers  over  here; 
some  of  the  things  which  he  consici 
as  original  with  him — direct  introdi 
tion,  for  instance,  which  Huber  pi 
ticed    a   hundred   years   ago— are  ■ 
dently  claimed  under  a  misappreh 
sion.     Some  other  things  appearec 
old  English  works.     But  there  is 
to  be  said  for  Mr.  S. — he  has,  in  m 
cases,    rediscovered    these    old    thi 
and,  by  modernizing  and  making  pi 
tical.  made  them  of  use  to  us. 

The  final  chapter  is  called.  "Fl 
flight."  and  consists  of  a  collectior 
paragraphs  which  are  sort  of  af 
thoughts,  and  relate  to  various  s 
jects. 

Mr.  Simmins  is  a  "free  lance,"  : 
when  he  has  an  idea  for  an  expi 
ment  or  practice,  goes  ahead,  reea 
less  of  curre.ntly  accepted  beli' 
This  independence  has  led  hirti 
afield,  sometimes  ahead,  sometit 
backward,  but  it  has  made  the  rest 
of  his  work  as  given  in  his  hook 
cidedly  worth  reading. 

Providence,  R.  I.,  Jan.  6..  1905. 


Screws      for     compressing     spai 
frames  were  used  as  early  as  1861. 


"There  seems  to  be  a  hidden  qual 
in  some  men  which  renders  them  ( 
agreeable  to  bees." — Wildman. 


^LIN 


'he  Marlin  Fire  Arms  Company 


The  Marlin 
12  Gauge 
Take-Down  Repeater, 

is  the  fastest  and  most  accurate  duck  gun 
made.  It  combines  the  balance  and  ease  of 
action  of  the  best  double  gun  with  the  supe- 
rior shooting  and  sighting  of  a  single  barrel. 
The  unique  Marlin  Breechbolt  which  shuts 
out  rain  and  water  and  keeps  the  shells  dry 
makes  it  the  ideal  bad-weather  gun.  Made 
for  both  black  and  smokeless  powders  and  to 
take  heavy  loads  easily.    A  famous  gun  for  hard  usage. 

There  are  a  lot  of  good  duck  stories  in  the  Marlin  Experience 
Book.     Free  with  Catalogrue  for  3  stamps. 

42  Willow  Street 
NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 


ATENTS 


romptly  obtained  OR  NO  FEE.  Trade-Marks, 
aveats.  Copyrights  and  Labels  registered. 
WBNTT  YEARS'  PRACTICE.  Highest  references, 
end  model,  sketch  or  photo,  for  free  report 
a  patentability.  All  business  confidential. 
[AND-BOOK  FREE.  Explains  everything.  Tells 
tow  to  Obtain  and  Sell  patents.  What  Inventions 
Vill  Pay,  How  to  Get  a  Partner,  explains  best 
lechanical  movements,  and  contains  300  other 
iobjects  of  importance  to  inventors.  Addre8S, 

i  B.  WILLSON  &  CO.  ^^X> 

ox  288  Willson  BIdg.        WASHINGTON,  0.  " 


HONEY  AND  BEESWAX  MARKET. 


Iffalo,  Jan.  14. — Very  fancy  comb  huney 
caibe  sold  readily,  but  lower  grades  have  to 
be  ut  and  pushed  hard,  and  si.-ll  slow  then. 
rb  supply  of  fancy  honey  is  moderate,  with 
?©•  demand  for  this  grade.  We  ipiote  our 
Tia  et  today:  Fancy,  14c.  to  15c.  Extracted, 
c.  0  8c.     Beeswax,   28c.   to  33c. 

Batterson    &   Co. 


Jiston,  Jan.  8. — The  market  is  without 
chs3;e  since  last  quotations.  The  demand 
co^nues  light  and  supply  is  more  than 
line.  Blake,    Scott    &    Lee. 


(  cago,  Jan.  24.— The  trade  in  honey  is  not 
arr.  and  the  offerings,  on  the  contrary,  are 
}Va<  liberal.  This  makes  an  easy  market  for 
beiuyer.  Fancy  white  comb,  12^c.  to  13c. 
Kx  icted  white,  6c.  to  7c.,  according  to  flavor, 
!^o  ,  12c.  and  12i^c.  Off  grades,  10c.  to  lie. 
lUJ;y  and  package.  Anything  off,  about  one 
■en  lower.  Amber  grades,  5J4c,  to  6Kc. 
Setvax,  29c.   to  30c.   per  pound. 

'  R.   A.   Burnett  &   Co. 

1-  South   Water   St. 


Ccinnati,    Dec.    30. — Since    our    last    report 

^""ublished,    the    price    of    extracted    honey 

vanced,    no    doubt    acting    in    sympathy 

Tie   sugar  market.     We  quote   amber   ex- 


Say  Boys  ;^re"SS 

acres  of  good  land  or  $5000 
in  Cash  to  start  business 
with  when  you  come  of  age. 

Or  if  you  want  three  years  at 
some  first-class  college  you  can 
have  that.  Your  father  may  not 
be  financially  able  to  give  you 
this,  but  I  have  plans  that  will 
enable  any  bright  energetic  14 
year  old  boy  to  do  for  himself 
just  as  I  say  above.  It  will  not 
keep  you  out  of  school  or  inter- 
fere with  your  regular  work. 
It  is  a  business  jou  can  work 
on  the  side.  It  will  help  make 
a  business  man  of  you.  I  will 
send  full  particulars  free  and  help 
just  one  boy  in  each  school  dis- 
trict to  learn  the  work;  you  want 
to  be  that  boy.  When  the  other 
boys  learn  what  you  are  doing 
they  will  want  to  get  in  too. 
It  will  cost  them  $30.00  cash  pach 
for  a  start  and  they  will  have  to 
learn  how  from  you. 

Write  at  once  giving  coun- 
ty, township  and  school- 
district  you  live  in.  Write 
UNCL£  JOE,  Spencer,  Ind. 


tracted  honey  in  barrels  at  6c.  to  6Hc.     White 
clover  extracted  in  barrels  and  cans  at  6J4  to 
Syic.     Fancy  comb  honey,   13c.   to  14c.     Bees- 
wax,   28c.  The   Fred   W.    Muth    Co. 
51  Walnut  St. 

»  «  » 

The  Russian  navy  would  be  a  joke 
if  it  didn't  happen  to  be  such  a  nui- 
sance. 


ONE-HALF  INCH  SPACE  ONE  YEAR  ON  THIS  PAGE,  $3.00. 


-THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Walnut  St., 
i  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Standard  Bred  Red 
Clover  Three-banded  Queens,  Golden  Italians, 
and  Camiolans.  Safe  arrival  guaranteed.  Send 
for  circular. 


T 


HE  A.   I.  ROOT  CO.,  MEDlx.A,   OHIO. 
Breeders   of   Italian  bees  and  queens. 


/^UEENS  from  Jamaica  any  day  in  the  year. 
v<^  Untested,  66c.;  tested,  $1.00;  select  tested. 
$lT60.  Our  queens  are  reared  from  the  very 
finest  strains.  Geo.  W.  Phillips,  Sav-La-Mar 
P.   O.,  Jamaica,  W.   I.  (5-5) 

DJ.  HLOCHKR,  Pearl  City,  111.,  breeder  of 
•  Fine  ItaliaD  Bees  and  Queens.  Our  stock 
speaks  for  itself.  Safe  arrival  of  all  stock  guar- 
anteed.    Free  information  Jan.  6 


I  AVVRENCE  C.  MILLER,  BOX  1113, 
^  PROVIDENCE,  R.  I.,  is  filling  orders  for 
the  popular,  hardy,  honey-getting  Providence 
strain  of  Queens.   Write  for  free  information. 


CH.  W.  WEBER,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 
(Cor.  Central  and  Freeman  Aves.) 
Golden  Yellow,  Red  Clover  and  Carniolan 
queens,  bred  from  select  mothers  in  separate 
apiaries. 


lOHN  M.  DAVIS,  SPRING  HILL,  TENN., 
•J  has  greatly  enlarged  and  improved  his 
queen-rearing  facilities.  Two  unrelated  Car- 
niolans  and  a  dark  leather  Italian  lately  im- 
ported. My  own  strains  of  three-band  and 
golden;  "Moore's"  long-tongue;  Doolittle's 
golden;  all  selects.  Q.miolans  mated  to  Ital- 
ian drones  when  desired.  No  disease.  Cir- 
cular free. 


QUIRIN,  the  Queen  Breeder,  has  an  ex- 
ceptionally hardy  strain  of  Italian  bees; 
they  wintered  on  their  summer  stands  within 
a  few  miles  of  bleak  Lake  Erie.  Send  for 
Free    Circular.      Bellevue,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


WJ.  DAVIS,  1st,  YOUNGSVILLE,  I 
•     breeder    of    Choice    Italian    Bees 
Queens.     Quality,   not  quantity,   is  my  mo 


QUEENS  HKKE.  We  are  still  asking  yo 
give  us  your  trade.  We  sell  Italians.  Gol( 
and  Oarniolaus  at,  75c  for  untested  aud$I.O( 
tested.  Prices  on  quantities  and  nuclei  upon 
plication.    John  W.  Pharr,  Berchiir,  Texas.  J 


I 


o  WARTHMORE  APIARIES,  SWAR": 
O  MORE,  PA.  Our  bees  and  queens  are 
brightest  Italians  procurable.  Satisfac 
quaranteed.  Correspondence  in  Eng 
French,  German  and  Spanish.  Shipment: 
all  parts  of  the  world. 


A  RE  YOU  LOOKING  FOR  QUEENS? 
so  I  can  furnish  you  queens  of  the  fol 
inging  races  by  return  mail:  Three-  and  ! 
banded  Italians,  Cyprians,  Holy  Lands,  Cs 
olans  and  Albinos.  Untested  of  either  i 
75c.  each;  select  untested,  $1.00  each;  six 
$4.00;  twelve  for  $8.00;  tested,  of  either  i 
$2.00  each;  six  for  10.00;  one  dozen,  $1! 
Breeders,  $4.60  each.  Safe  arrival  guarant 
B.   H.   Stanley,   Beeville,  Texas.  Aug. 


w. 


Z.     HUTCHINSON,     FLINT,     ML 
Superior     stock     queens,     $1.50     es 
queen  and   Bee-Keepers'   Review  one  year 

only  $2.00. 


U/    W.     GARY     &     SON,     LYONVIL! 

MASS.,    Breeder   of   choice   Italian  1 

and  queens.  Imported  Leather  and  Root's  ' 

Clover  strains.    Catalog  and  price  list  free' 


M  OORE'S      LONG-TONGUED      STR^ 
'   '    of  Italians  become  more  and  more  po 
lar   each   year.     Those   who   have  tested  tl 
know   why.      Descriptive    circular    free    to 
Write  J.  P.  Moore,  L.  Box  1,   Morgan,  Ky 


p  UNIC    BEES.      All    other    races    are 
*■      carded  after  trial  of  these  wonderful  b 
Particulars    post    free.      John    Hewitt    &   < 
Sheffield,   England. 


UONEY  QUEENS  AND  BEES  for  sale, 
extracted    300    pounds    per    colony    in   1 
Thos.    Worthington,    Leota,    Miss.       Aug. 


HONEY  DEALERS'  DIRECTORY 


p?~  Under  this  heading  will  be  inserted,  for  reliable  dealers,  two  lines  one 
year  for  $1.25.  Additional  words,  12c  a  word.  No  announcement  can 
be  accepted  for  less  than  one  year  at  these  rates._^ 


OHIO. 


P- 

H.  W.  WEBER,  Freeman  and  Central 
kves.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  If  for  sale,  mail 
imple,  and  state  price  expected  delivered 
1  Cinicinnati.  If  in  want,  write  for  prices, 
id   state  quality  and  quantity   desired. 

(5-5) 

\  are  always  in  the  market  for  extracted 
oney,  as  we  sell  unlimited  quantities.  Send 
s  a  sample  and  your  best  price  delivered 
:re.  THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Wal- 
ut  St.,   Cincinnati,   Ohio.  (5-5) 


COLORADO. 


THE  COLORADO   HONEY  PRODUCERS- 
ASS' N,  1440  Market  St,  Denver,  Colo.        5 


ILLINOIS. 


R.   A.    BURNETT   &   CO.,   199  South   Water 
Street,    Chicago.  (5-5) 


(ent-a=Word  Column. 


IBAOCO  HEARTS— Many  have  them  and 
m't  know  it.  Symptoms  are:  General  weak- 
'ss,  stomach  troubles. 'nervousness,  etc.  It's 
sy  to  stop  and  be  strong,  Shakers'  complete 
liucco  cure  $1.00.  Satisfaction  guaranteed  or 
niiey  returned.  Shaker  Chemical  Co.,  Station 
F,"  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

VNTED— Correspondence  with  bee  keepers 
uth  of  Pennsylvania,  east  of  Mississippi 
ver,  in  good  honey  localities  free  from  bee 
soases,  concerning  price  of  bees,  early  honey 
)w,   climate,   etc.      Chas    L    Todd,  Hartwick 

• 'tminary,   N.  Y.  5-2-lt 


Bee=Keepers'  Club 


•TCREASE"  is  the  title  o£  a  little  book- 
It  by  Swarthmore;  tells  how  to  make  up 
|inter  losses  without  much  labor  and  with- 
it  breaking-  up  full  colonies;  entirely  new 
an.  25  cents.  Prospectus  free.  Address 
L.    Pratt,    Swarthmore,    Pa.  7-tf 


Modern  Farmer,  one  year, 
Silk  Front  Bee  Veil,  -  - 
Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture, 

one  year,  .         .  - 

Langstroth  on  Honey  Bee, 
American     Bee     Journal, 

new  only,  -  -         - 


.50 
.50 

1.00 
1.20 

1.00 


$4.20 

All  of  the  Above  only  $2.50 

First  two  $.50;  first  three,  $1.25;  first 
four,  $2.10. 

New  subscribers  for  the  A.  B.  J  can 
subst  tute  it  for  Gleanings  if  they  wish. 
Renewals  for  the  A.  B  J  add  40c  more 
to  any  club.  Western  Bee  Journal  can 
be  substituted  for  either  bee  paper.  No 
changes  will  be  made  in  these  offers. 

Write  for  other  clubbing  offers. 

MODERN     FARMER 

The  Clean  Farm  Paper 
ST.  JOSEPH,         =        .        I-         MISSOURI 


APANDEM  BICYCLE  (for  man  and  lady) 
ist  J150,  in  first-class  condition,  was  built  to 
der  for  the  owner.  Tires  new.  Will  sell 
r  $25  cash.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Ad- 
ess  J.  Clayborne  Merrill,  130  Lakeview, 
'e.,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 

A':NTS  wanted  to  sell  advertising  nov- 
s,  good  commission  allowed.  Send  for 
talogue  and  terms.  American  Manufac- 
ring  Concern,  Jamestown,  N.   Y. 

■^  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»»4»»»»»44»»M»MMM»' 

{:  QUEENS  AND  BEES 

Have  you  ever  tried  my  queens?  If  not,  I  should  be  glad  to 
have  you  do  so,  as  they  ar  e  as  GOOD  AS  MONEY  CAN  BUY, 
AND  I  GUARANTEE  PB  RFECT  SATISFAGTION. 

I  have  three-banded  Italians,  Goldens,  Cyprians,  Carniolans, 
Holy  Lands  and  Albinos.  Untested  of  either  race,  75  cents  each. 
Testetl,  $1.50  each.  Breeders,  $3.00.  Contracts  made  for  large 
orders.     Two-framed  nuci  ei  a  specialty. 

B.  H    STANLEY,  BEEVILLE,  TEXAS. 
l-.5tf 


Big  Song  Book 


"Polly,  I  Love  But  You,"  words  aud  music; 
"Piking  the  Pike,"  "Just  Because  I'm  From 
Missouri,"  "Hiawatha,"  "Navajo,"  "Bedelia," 
"Josie,"  "Only  a  Factory  Girl,"  "Flirting  at 
the  Seashore,"  "The  Little  Brown  Man  of 
Japan,"  "Come  Down,  Miss  Malinda,"  "Ma 
Ragtime  Ebony  Belle,"  and  44  other  popular 
songs,  all  in  one  book,  and  sent  postpaid  for 
only  10  CENTS.  We  will  also  send  a  coupon 
good  for  10  cents  to  everyone  mentioning  in 
what  paper  they  saw  this  ad. 


This  is  a  special  offer  to  introduce  out 
goods,  so  send  at  once. 


H.  D.  LEADER  CO. 

tt  Grand  Rapids,  Hichigan 


MUSIC  LOVERS 

BIG  MAGAZINE  ONE  YEAR  FOR  TEN  CENTS 

Send  us  lo  cents  in  silver,  together 
with  the  names  of  ten  persons  who 
get  mail  at  your  postoffice  who  are 
interested  in  MUSIC,  and  we  will 
send  you  our  handsome  magazine 
one  year.  We  receive  hundreds  of 
new  subscriptions  daily  from  per- 
sons who  think  our  magazine  a  big 
ger  bargain  than  Harper's,  Mun- 
sey's.  Ladies"  Home  Journal,  or 
McClure's.  This  is  a  special  offer 
for  a  short  time  only. 


OUR    SUBSCRIPTION     PRICE    MAY 
ADVANC       0  $1    PER  YEAR  SOON 


BERQES    PUBLISHING    CO. 

Dep  .  H.  D  Grand  Rapid  Mich 


Are  You  Looking 
for  a  Home? 


If  so  send  for  a  copy  of  The  Farm  aiK 
Real  Estate  Journal.  It  has  lands  adver 
tised  in  it  from  nearly  every  state  in  th' 
Union;  also  city  property  of  all  kinds  aii( 
stocks  of  goods  for  sale  or  exchangee.  S' 
that  anyone  looking  for  a  home  or  a  loca 
tion  can  find  anything  he  wishes  in  thi 
Journal.  It  reaches  33.000  readers  ever 
issue  and  is  one  of  the  best  advertislui 
mediums  to  reacir"tlie  farmer~and  home 
seeker.  Advertising  rates  2c  per  wore 
for  small  ads,  or  $1  per  inch  single  oolumi 
each  insertion.  Send  75c  and  we  wii 
mail  you  the  Journal  for  one  year,  or  fo 
10c  in  silver  or  stamps  we  will  send  it  fo 
two  months'  on  trial  Aud  lournal  wil 
be  stopped  at  the  end  of  two  months  i 
you  don't  renew.  No  copies  sent  free. 
H-Feb.  tf 


Farm  &  Real  Estate  Journa 

Traer,  Tama  Co,  Iowa 


(^Mmou  ^^vkl 


,«akJ;?.V  wA.X"""^  """'»f!i 

fooA   i»"e».\)  lit  \l»''«  ci>m<««w> 

uV>ikViAunt  ui^A  ^tc 

Oft  itrrnv^  vo>«"vi  »jout  coftveiiU"* 


J.  %.  (S\sv^t&Y(S,iottV\cxe,e,  1\6t\A.( 


SHEEP'S  M(\ 
TO  WEARERJ 


We  manufacture  fine  all  wool  cloths,  in 
the  latest  novelties  and  colorings,  suitai 
for  Men's,  Women's  and  Children's  we 
Will  cut  in  lengths  to  suit.  Send  for  sampM 
Our  Drices  will  interest  you.  I 

^  GLENLUCE  WOOL'  *  MILLS,  I 
Sale  *'*4  BROAOV     /,  New  Y«r 


I  publish  and   recoinmend  to  you 

THE 

Rural  Bee=Keeper 


The  best  all-round  50o  monthly  Vjee-.jour- 
nal  in  Anierioj.  On  trial  three  mouths 
for  this  ad  with  10c.  Clubbed  with  this 
publication,  both  for  one  year  for  70c,  or 
send  us  25  cents  for  a  three  months'  trial 
and  your  name  and  address  on  2-line  rub- 
ber stamp;  self-inkinp:  pad  25o  extra.  Or 
send  $1  and  jjet  the  Rural  Bee  Keeper  and 
an  untested  Italian  Queen  Bee.  Samiile 
copy  free.    Agents  aet  liberal  terms. 


Putnam    Makes   Good   Bee    Kives 

and  sells  them  at  reast  nable  prices. 
New  catalogue  now  ready.    Address 


W.   H.  PUTNAM 

DEPARTMENT  14-W      RIVER  FALLS.  WIS. 


National  Bee-Keepers'  Association, 

The  largest  bee-keepers'  society   in  the 
world . 

Organized    to  protect    and   promote   the 
interests  of  its  members. 

Membership  Fee,  $1.00  a  Year. 

N.  E.  FRANCE,  Platteville,  Wis., 

General  Manager  and  Treasure 


Fifty  Dollars  in  Gold  for  Three 
Cents. 

Send  us  on  a  postal  card  the  address  of  ten 
farmers.  We  will  send  each  a  copy  of  the 
"Agricultural  Epitomist"  and  solicit  their 
subscription.  We  will  send  you  the  paper 
three   months   free   for  your  trouble. 

To  the  person  sending  the  best  list  of  names 
we  will  present  $25.00  in  gold;  2nd  best,  $15.00; 
3rd   best,    $10.00. 

We  will  keep  an  accurate  record  of  the  num- 
ber of  subscribers  we  secure  out  of  each  list 
and  the  persons  from  whose  lists  we  secure 
the  greatest  number  subsribers  by  March  15, 
1905,  will  receive  above  prizes.  In  case  three 
ot  more  lists  produce  equal  results  we  reserve 
the  right  to  divide  the  fifty  dollars  equally  be- 
tween  them. 

Remember — Send    just    ten    names   from   one 
I  P.  O.     Do  not  send  names  of  children  or  peo- 
ple not  interested  in  farming.     We  give  away 
I  the  $50.00  in  order  to  get  select  lists  and  you 
j  cannot     get     your     share     of     it     unless     yoti 
chose  the  names  carefully. 

The  "Agricultural  Epitomist"  is  the  only 
agricultural  paper  edited  and  printed  on  a 
farm.  Our  six  hundred  and  fifty  acres  are  de- 
\-  to    practical    agriculture   and   fine   stock 

A  we  are  offering  hundreds  of  thoroughbred 
1  pigs   and  fancy   poultry  as   premiums  for  sub- 
scription work.    A  pig  or  a  trio  of  poultry  easy 
to  get  under  our  plan.     Write  for  particulars. 
AGRICULTURAL  EPITOMIST, 
Spencer,  Ind. 


ABooa 
For 


MtrKeerrs 


How  w«  make  our  hens  pay  400 
per  cent,  profit,  new  Bystem,  our 

I     ^_     own  method,  fully  explained  in 

our  Illustrated  Poultry  Book  which  contains 
PouUry  Keeperc'  Aoo'tand  Egg  Record  Bhowing 
gains  or  losses  eve:-  month  for  one  year.  Worth  25 
ct9,  sent  to  you  for  1  i  o.  If  you  will  send  names  of  5 
Doultry  keepers  with  your  order.  Address, 
I  O.  8.  VIBBERT.  P-B.  66,  Cllntonville.  Coniv 


The  Graham-Hyde  Bee  Co* 

SFECI  A  1  .TIES 
Falconer's  Bee=Keepers'  Supplies  t^.^XL^)S:^.n^1^l^Z^?^''^::^^ 

western  slates  and  Mexico.     Send  for  special  catalog,  etc. 

R<»ac     anrl     Oii^Anc      All  leading  races.      Bees  and  Nuclei  in  any  quantity  for  distant 

UCCS    ctllU    yUCClia     shipments  a  specialty.    Send  for  circular  and  prices. 

HoneV    and     Wax     l^'^^^Kht  and  sold.       Honey   cans   in    seascjn ;    be    sure  and  get  our 

Our     Mntf  n     '^""  ^'"^^^  everything  the  bee-keeper  needs  and  to  buy  his  products  in  return. 
V/Ur     iTlUllU     Correspondence  earnestly  solicited. 

The  Graham-Hyde  Bee  Company 

SICCESSORS  TO  THE  HYDE  BEE  SIPPLY  CO.,  SAN  ANTONIO,  TEXAS 


DON'T  KIlLb 

YOU RSELF.  WAtHING  THi       "  "^ 
WAY,  BUT  auv  AM  E  M  P I  n  Ej 
V/ASHBR.  wi*kwkiUktk4 

fraiUtt  viommn  mm  d»  •«»  •r- 
dinary  vtki»0  *A  •«•  h*ur, 
without  w«Mmi#  A«r  ^fub. 
SampU  atvlfUt^Prie*.  Batisfaetion  OnaTsntcad. 
lf»p»U  until  trUd,  Wril«/or  JlluttraUd  CataUgiM 
mnaprieM  •/Wrmttrt, Ironing  Tabl**,  Clothe*  /tjWi 
PryincBart,  Wa§»nJmAt,Se.  ArentiWantad.  Lib- 
•ralTarmi.  QaiokSalafl  LitUaWorkll  Biff  PvUI 
Ad4r«M,TmMKun%mW  ktmrna.  C«.,Jaa«rt«WB.l|.T. 


When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


3  and  5=Banded  Italian 
and  Carniolan  Queens. 

Say  friends,  you  who  have  support- 
ed us  during  the  past  season,  we 
desire  to  express  our  thanks  for 
your  patronage  in  the  past,  and 
respectfully  solicit  a  continuance  of 
your  valued  favors  through  the  sea- 
son of  1904. 

Our  queens  now  stand  upon  their 
merits  and  former  record.  We  are 
preparing  for  next  season,  and  seek- 
ing the  patronage  of  large  apiarists 
and  dealers.  We  do  not  claim  that 
our  queens  are  superior  to  all  oth- 
ers, but  that  they  are  as  good  as 
the  best.  We  will  furnish  from  one 
to  a  thousand  at  the  following 
prices:  "'-'sted  of  either  race,  $1; 
one  unte  d,  75c.,  5  for  $3.25,  10 
for  $6.  15  for  $8.25,  25  for  $12.50,  50 
for  $23.50,  100  for  $45. 
For  descriptive  circulars  address, 

JOHN  W.  PHARR,  Prop., 

New  Century  Queen  Rearing  Co.,  Ber- 
clair,  Goliad  Co.,  Texas. 

BEGINNERS. 

■hou.d  hare  a  copy  of 

The  Amateur  Bee-keeper, 

a  70  page  book,  by  Prof.  J.  W.  Rouw;  writtea  M' 
pecially  for  amateun.  Second  adition  just  aa' 
First  edition  of  1,000  sold  in  less  thaa  two  year* 
Editor  York  says:  "It  i«  the  £nest  little  book  pub- 
lished at  the  present  time."  Price  2*  oanta;  bjr 
Kail  28  cents.     The  little  book  and 

The  Progressive  Bee-keeper, 

(a  liTC,  progres«iTe,  28  page  monthly  journal,)  on* 
year  for  66c.  Apply  to  any  first-class  dealer,  vt 
addrasB 

LEAHY  MFG    CO,,  Hit»i«.iu.,«.. 


Chance 

Of  a  Life  Time. 


100  ^^^*^*^  *°  ^^*^^ 

Belgians 

Send  for  particulars  and   sample  copy 
of  the  only 

Belgian  Hare  Journal 

Published  in  America. 

Judge  R.  J.  FINLEY, 

227  Lamb  St ,  MACON,  Mo. 


To  Subscribers  of 
THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 

And  Others! 

Until  Further  Notice 

We  Will  Send  The 

Country 
Journal 

to  any  addf*)*s  in  the  U.  S.  A.  one 
year  for  10  t;ents,  providing  yoil 
n*  iution  American  Bee-Keeper. 

The  Country  Journal  treats  on 
^  arm,  Orchard  and  Garden,  Poul- 
'  /y  and  Fashion.  It's  the  best  pa- 
v»er  printed  for  the  price. 

Address 

The  Country  Journal, 

Allentown,  Pa. 
2tf 


W.  M.  Gerrish,  R.  F.  D.,  Epping,  N.  H., 
keeps  a  complete  supply  of  our  goods,  and 
Eastern  customers  will  save  freight  by  order- 
ing of  him. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  Co. 


The   Bee=Keepers'    Review 

can  help  you 

MAKE  MONEY 


Opportunities  for  making  money  out  of 
bee-keeping  were  never  greater.  If  the  bee- 
keeper with  a  single  apiary,  from  which  he 
makes  a  living  in  a  good  year,  and  nothing  in 
a  poor  year,  would  only  arouse  himself  to  the 

Changed   Conditions 

secure  a  good  location,  if  not  already  in  pos- 
session of  one,  adopt  such  methods  as  will  en- 
able him  to  branch  out  and  manage  several 
apiaries,  he  will  find  that  in  a  good  year  he  can 

Pile  up  Honey 

ton  upon  ton — enough  to  support  himself  and 
family  for  several  years.  The  Review  is  help- 
ing bee-keepers  to  accomplish  this  very  thing. 

The  First  Step 

in  making  money  as  a  bee-keeper  is  the  secur- 
ing of  a  good  location;  and  the  Review  even 
goes  so  far  as  to  discover  anu  make  known 
desirable,    unoccupied    locations. 

Get  Good  Stock 

Having  secured  the  location,  the  next  step  is 
that  of  stocking  it  with  bees  of  the  most  desir- 
able strain;  and,  having  had  years  of  experi- 
ence with  all  the  leading  varieties  of  bees,  the 
editor  of  the  Review  is  able  to,  and  does,  tell 
his  readers  where  to  get  the  best  stock.  Still 
further,   the  Review  teus  how  to  make 

Rapid    Increase, 

how  to  build  up  ten  or  a  dozen  colonies,  in  a 
single  season,  into  an  apiary  of  100  or  more 
:olonies. 

Having  the  location  and  the  bees,  the  bee- 
keeper must  learn  how  to  manage  them  so  as 
o  be  able  to  establish  in  out-apiary  here,  and 
mother  there,  and  care  for  them  with  weekly 
I'isits — yes,  by  monthly,  or  even  longer,  visits, 
'vhen  extracted  honey  is  produced.  It  is  in 
eaching  bee-keepers  how  to  thus 

Control  S^varming, 

hat  the  Review  has  been,  and  is  still,  doing 
ts  best  work.  If  a  man  only  knows  how,  he 
an  care  for  several  apiaries  now  as  easily  as 
e  once  cared  for  only  one. 


Having  secured  a  crop  of  honey,  the  next 
step  is  that  of  selling  it.  This  is  the  most 
neglected,    yet 

The  Most  Important  Problem 

of  succesful,  money-making  bee-keeping,  and 
one  that  the  Review  is  working  the  hardest  to 
solve.  So  many  men  work  hard  all  summer, 
produce  a  good  crop,  and  then  almost  give  it 
away.  The  Review  is  trying  to  put  a  stop  t« 
this  "giving  it  away."  It  is  showing,  by  the 
actual  experience  of  enterprising  bee-keepers, 
how  the  leisure  months  may  be  employed  in 
selling  honey  at  prices  that  some  of  us  would 
call  exorbitant.  The  men  who  have  done  this 
tell  how  they  did  it. 

The  editor  of  the  Review  has  a  wide,  actual, 
personal  acquaintance  with  all  of  the 

Leading  Bee-keepers 

from  Maine  to  California,  and  is  thus  able  to 
secure,  as  correspondents,  men  who  have  scat- 
tered out-apiaries  widely,  managed  them  with 
little  or  no  help  and  made  money.  These  men 
are  able  to  write  from  actual  experience — they 
know  how  they  have  succeeded,  and  can  tell 
others. 

One  thing  is  certain,  if  you  are  a  bee-keep- 
ing specialist,  or  expect  to  become  one,  if  bee- 
keeping is  your  business,  you  can't  aflford 
not  to 

Read  The  Revieiir. 

It  will  lead  you  and  encourage  you,  and  fill 
you  with  ideas,  and  tell  you  how  to  do  things 
— show  you  how  to  enlarge  your  business  and 
make  money. 

The  Review  is  published  monthly  at  $1.00  a 
year;  but,  if  you  wish  to  become  better  ac- 
quainted with   it  before   subscribing. 

Send  Ten  Cents 
for  three  late,  but  different  issues,  and  the  ten 
cents  may  apply  on  any  suoscription  sent  in 
during  the  year.  A  coupon  will  be  sent  en- 
titling you  to  the  Review  one  year  for  only 
90  cents. 


W.    Z.    H  UTCH  I  NSON 


lO-tf 


FLINT,     MICHIGAN 


Sunshine 


is  gaining  ad- 
miration as  a 
popular  litera- 
ry family 

^■^^^^^^^^^^^^  MAGAZINE. 
It  entertains  its  readers  with  good  short  stor- 
ies, sketches  and  poems  by  the  most  famous 
authors  of  the  day  and  is  a  magazine  of  supe- 
rior merit. 

It  is  a  welcome  visitor  in  every  home. 

Price  25  cents  a  year. 

We  wish  to  haye  our  magazine  in  your 
vicinity  and  as  a  special  offer  for  new  readers 
we  will  send  you 

Sunshine  for  I  Year  for  lOc. 

Think  of  it.  less  than  one  cent  a  copy.    Can't 
you  act  as  our  agent  ? 

ADD.  MAYES  PUB.  CO., 
LOUISVILLE,        =  ENTUC  K  Y 


MAGIC  RHEUMATIC  CURE 


It  absolutely  does  cure.  It  is 
not  a  CHEAP  remedy,  but  it  is 
a  CHEAP  cure.  Mark  the  distinc- 
tion! There  aire  a  thousand  rem- 
edies to  one  cure.  This  is  a 
cure.  It  costs  $2  a  bottle  and  is 
worth  $20  to  any  sufferer.  Sold 
only  by  our  authorized  agents  or 
direct  by  us.  We  wil  send  pre- 
paid for  $2.00. 


Write  for  booklet.Agents  wanted. 


MAGIC  CURE  CO. 

358  Dearborn  Street,       Chicago. 


Are  You  Looking  for  a  Home? 

No  farmer  should  think  of  buying  land 
before  seeing  a.  copy  of  THE  FARM  AND 
REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAL.  It  contains 
the  largest  list  of  lands  for  sale  of  any 
paper  published  in  Iowa.  Reaches  30,000 
readers  each  issue,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
advertising  mediums  to  reach  the  farmers 
and  the  Home-Seekers  that  you  can  ad- 
vertise in.  For  75c.  we  will  mail  yotu  the 
Journal  for  1  year,  or  for  ten  cents  in 
silver  or  stamps  we  will  send  you  the 
Journal  2  months  on  trial.    Address, 

Farm  and  Real  Estate  Journal, 

TRAER,  TAMA  CO.,  IOWA. 
10-tf. 


Strawberries. 

Young,  healthy,  fresh,  vigor- 
ous stock  in  prime  condition  for 
spring  planting. 

All 

Leading 

Varieties 

Write  for  prices  and  terms. 

MONROE    STRAWBERRY    CO., 

Box  66  MONROE,  MICH. 


ALLOWED  ON  EARLY  ORDERS  FOR 


LET     ME     SELL     OR     BUY     YOUR 


HONBY 


If  you  have  some  to  offer,  mail  sample  with  lowest  price  expected,  delivered 
Cincinnati. 


IP  IN   JMBBD 


state  qnantity  and  kind  wanted,  and  I  will  quote  you  price.      I  do  business 
on  the  cash  basis,  in  selling  or  buying 

Full  Slock  of  Bee-Supplies,  the  best  made.     Root's  Goods  at  their  factory  prices. 
SEEDS  OF  HONEY  PLANTS. 


C.  H.  W.  WEBER, 


2146-48  Central  Ave. 
CINCINNATI,    OHIO. 


.lGENTS  Wanted '  washin; 


for  our 

g  Machines. 

You  can  double  your  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

they  sell  easily.     We  have  sold  over   150,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years.      They 
riieaper  than  e"er.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co.,  ^Jamestown,  N.Y. 


The  Towa 

Horticultural 

Paper. 

Monthly, 
50  cents 
■per  year. 

It  is  unique, 
planned  on 
original  lines. 

You  cannot 
be  up-to-date 
ir  ruit  growing  unless  you  read  it. 

iaiance  of   this   year  free  to  new 
siscribers. 

THE  FRUITMAN, 
^  Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa. 


ATilTS 


Mmptly  obtained  OR  KO  rrE.  Trade-Marks, 
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Vol.  XV 


HARCH,  1905. 


No.  3 


HERSHISER  COMBINED  HIVE  STAND  AND  BOTTOM  BOARD 

(Patent  Applied  For.) 


I 

'•-pi 


By  Orel  L.  Hershiser,  Esq. 


''HE  COMBINED  hive  stand  and 
bottom  board  here  illustrated 
and  described,  were  designed 
'or  certain  de.sirable  objects  and  pur- 
|)oses;  not  provided  for  in  any  of  the 
iiives,'or  in  the  stands  or  bottom  boards 
)elonging  thereto. 
These  objects  and 
>iu'pO'Ses  will  clear- 
y  appear  in  the  fol- 
owing  description 
n  which  reference 
s  made  to  the  ac- 
•ompanying  illu«- 
rations. 

The  object  of  this 
live  stand  and  bot- 
om  board  may  be 
nnimarized  as  fol- 
3ws: 

I'irst,    to   provide 

lietter  and  >safer 
ee  hive  for  use  in 
rintering  bees  in 
ellars  or  special 
epositories. 

Second,  to  pro- 
ide  a  bee  hive  in 
■hich  the  safe  and 
jasy  moving  of 
ees  is  accomplish- 
:1,  cont  r  i  b  u  ti  n  g 
le  most  important  item  of  safety  and 
omfort  to  the  apiarist  engaged  in 
ligratory  bee  keeping  or  who  runs  one 
r  more  out-apiaries. 

Third,     to     provide  a    structure     in 

hlch  the  size  of  the  entrance  may  be 
uickly  and  effectually  regulated  to 
ny  desired  size  to  suit  the  needs  of 
le  colony. 


OREL  L.  HERSHISER 


Fourth,  to  provide  a  hive  in  which 
it  is  possible  to  bring  the  bees  under 
the  absolute  control  of  the  apiarist, 
should  they  engage  in  robbing. 

P'ifth,  to  provide,  a  bottom  board 
which  will  prevent  the  clogging  of  the 
entrance  to  the 
hive  with  dead  bees 
in  outdoor  winter- 
ing; which  will  en- 
able the  removal  of 
the  dead  bees  from 
the  hive  oy  the  bees 
of  the  colony  with- 
out the  latter  going 
outside  of  shelter; 
and  a  bottom  board 
which  will  prevent 
the  beating  of  rain, 
snow  or  sleet  into 
the  hive. 

Sixth,  to  provide 
a  ready  and  expedi- 
tious means  of  pre- 
venting the  melting 
down  of  the  combs 
of  the  hive  and  the 
consequent  ruin  of 
the  colony  during 
periods  of  intense 
heat. 


While  the  foregoing  are  the  more 
salient  features  it  may  be  stated  that 
this  stand  and  bottom  board  have  num- 
erous other  important  properties  which 
are  self-suggesting  to  the  thoughtful 
apiarist  but  which  space  forbids  to 
detail  here. 

Fig.  1  i-s  a  perspective  view  of  a  hive 
embodying  the  features  of  the  stand 


44 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEBPE«. 


March,! 


and  bottom  board,  with  the  alighting 
board  in  position  and  the  entrance 
open. 

Fig.  2  is  a  vertical,  longitudinal,  sec- 
tional elevation  of  a  hive,  hive  stand 
and  bottom  board,  on  a  line  near  the 
left  side  showing  the  relation  of  the 
various  part*,  with  the  bottom  and 
alighting  boards  in  normal  position  for 
ordinary  outdoor  use. 

Fig.  3  is  a  detail  sectional  view  of 
the  lower  portion  of  a  hive,  stand  and 
bottom  board,  on  the  same  line  as  in 
Fig.  2,  showing  the  normal  po.sition 
of  the  stand  and  bottom  board  in  win- 
tering bee-s  in  the  cellar,  or  for  trans- 
porting them,  the  bottom  board  being 
dropped  down  to  the  bottom  of  the 
hive  stand,  and  the  entrance  closed. 

Referring  to  the  engravings,  it  will 
be  observed  that  the  hive  stand  and 


on  the  cleats  which  run  the  entire 
length  of  the  inside  of  the  lower  side 
pieces.  These  cleats  also  serve  as  the 
support  of  the  bottom  board  when  ad- 
justed to  its  lower  position  as  in  Fig. 
3.  At  the  in-side  rear  end  of  the  stand 
a  flexible  Avire  spring  support  is  pro- 
vided for  the  rear  end  of  the  bottom 
board.  When  the  bottom  board  is  ia 
its  upper  position,  its  rear  end  againsi 
the  inside  rear  end  of  the  stand,  and 
held  snugly  against  the  shoulder  form, 
ed  by  cleats  along  the  inside  uppc 
edges  of  the  sides  and  rear  end  piece 
of  said  stand,  by  such  flexible  wirl 
spring  and  the  bail,  as  shoAvn  in  Fig 
2,  the  front  board  attached  to  the  bot 
tom  board  as  and  for  an  alighting 
board,  the  hive  proper  is  in  its  norma 
condition  for  outdoor  use. 

The  bail,  shown  in  Fig.  2,  may  b( 
inclined  backward  and  held  in  positior' 
by  lugs  on  the  under  side  of  the  bot 


Fig.  1. 

bottom  board  may  be  manufactured  to 
suit  any  hive,  and  that  it  is  composed 
of  three  separate  parts,  each  detach- 
able from  the  other,  viz.,  the 
stand,  the  bottom  board  and  the 
alighting  board,  as  shown  in  Fig- 
ures 1  and  2  but  which  in  Fig. 
3  is  ad.iusted  as  a  front  board 
to  close  the  stand  and  hive.  This 
etand  is  open  at  the  sides,  which  are 
covered  with  wire  screen  and  is  open 
at  the  front,  the  front  board  being  re- 
movable and  to  be  iised  to  close  the 
stand  and  hive  as  in  Fig.  3  and  as  an 
alighting  board  as  shown  in  Figures 
1  and  2.  This  stand  is  also  open  at  the 
top  and  bottom  and  is  provided  with 
cross  pieces  or  sills  at  each  end  of  the 
lower  side.  The  bail  which  supports 
the  bottom  board  in  its  upper  position, 
as  shown  in  Fig.  2,  is  hinged  into  ears 


tom  board  to   supjiort  the  latter  in 
partially    elevated    position    when    a: 
enlarged  entrance  to  the  hive  is  desii 
ed.     By  ad.iusting  this  bail,  the  size  o 
the    entrance    opening    is     controllec 
The    upper    front   end    of    the    bottor 
board  and  cleat  beneath  the  same,  i 
beveled,  as  shown  in  Fig.  2,  to  form  th 
desired  normal  entrance.     The  bottor 
board,  being  slightly  shorter  than  th 
inside    long    dimension    of    the    stanc 
the  entrance  to  hive  is  contracted  b; 
simply  drawing  the  bottom  board  foi 
ward  until  the  desired  size  of  entrane 
is  obtained.     The  entrance  may  be  en 
tirely    closed    if   the    bottom    board   i 
drawn    forward    until    its    front    ent 
comes   against  the  top  front  piece  o 
the  stand  and  by  cutting  a  notch  in  th 
front  end  of  the  bottom  board  the  '>ii| 
trance  may   lie  entirely  closed,  excepj 
the  notch,  and  a(1.1usted  to  the  flight  o[ 
such  small  number  of  bees  as  is  del 
sired.     The  front  board  has  a  cleat  of 
pro.iection  on  the  inside  thereof  a  litl 


1905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


45 


tie  distance  from  the  bottom,  as  shown  A  few  of  the  advantages  to  be  gain- 
in  Fig.  1,  «o  that  when  the  bottom  ed  by  the  use  of  this  combined  hive 
board  is  dropped  down  into  the  base  or  stand  and  bottom  board  may  be  briefly 
stanil   as   a    bottom   thereto,   and   said   pointed  out. 

iront  board  inserted,  tiiis  projection  re-  Beas  placed  in  the  cellar,  or  special 
tains  the  bottom  board  securely  in  repo-sitory  in  lieu  thereof,  often,  and 
position,  the  rear  end  of  the  bottom  in  fact  generally,  leave  the  cluster  and 
board  projecting  under  a  suitable  cleat  their  hives  in  considerable  numbers, 
as  clearly  appears  in  Pig.  3.  When  the  as  they  fre(iueutly  become  uneasy  as 
adjustment  is,  as  apears  in  Fig.  3,  the  the  result  of  long  confinement,  insuf- 
base  or  stand  is  clo-sed  bee  tight.  The  ficient  ventilation  or  other  disturbing 
screen  on  each  side  allows  of  the  free  causes.  Bees  that  so  leave  their  hives 
circulation  of  air  in  the  hive  and  com-  and  the  cluster  are  sure  to  die  on  the 
partment  formed  by  thi^  boxlike  stand  floor,  as  it  i*s  impossible  for  them  to  re- 
so  that  the  bees  suffer  no  iuconven-  turn  in  the  cold  and  confusion.  The 
ience  from  their  confinement  for  cellar  colonies  are  thus  weakened  in  propor- 
wintei'ing  or  for  any  of  the  other  ob-  tion  to  such  losses,  often  resulting  in 
jects  for  which  it  is  necessary  to  con-  their  death  or  their  becoming  so  weak 
fine  them.  as  to  be  useless  for  the  approaching 

The  front  board  is  provided  with  a  honey  harvest.  By  means  of  this  de- 
pair  of  loops  on  the  upper  outside  edge  vice,  when  the  hive  and  bottom  board 
which  are  adapted  to  engage  corres-  are  adjusted  as  indicated  in  Fig.  3,  the 
ponding  hooks  on  the  front  of  the  bot-  bee^s  are  unable  to  get  so  far  away 
torn  board  for  the  purpose  of  attach-  from  the  cluster  that  they  cannot  re- 
iiig  and  detaching  them.  turn  and  the  colonies,  not  meeting  with 

ThivS  bottom  board  is  made  some-  the  losses  incident  to  the  usual  man- 
what  narrower  than  the  inside'  width   ner  of  inside  wintering  are  a   strong 

and  healthy  condition  in  the  spring. 
It  is  a  matter  of  the  utmost  importance 
to  save  all  the  bees  which  have  the 
necessary  vitality  to  pass  the  winter, 
as  it  is  these  bees  that  make  the 
colony  capable  of  profitable  work  dur- 
ing the  honey  harvest. 

In  the  moving  of  bees  this  stand  and 
bottom  board  permits  of  the  expedi- 
tious closing  and  opening  of  the  hives 
to  confine  them,  or  admit  them  to 
flight,  as  the  case  may  be.  To  close 
of  the  stand  so  as  to  allow  of  free  the  hive  and  stand  it  is  only  necessary 
movement  and  prevent  any  binding  to  detach  the  alighting  board  (front 
tliat  might  occur  from  swelling  in  board.)  pull  the  bail  forward  and  allow 
lamp  weather.  The  bottom  board,  be-  it  to  drop  into  the  rabbet  in  the  front 
ng  pressed  tightly  against  the  lower  sill,  (not  shown  in  the  engraving) 
nu-face  of  the  upper  inside  rim,  when  lower  the  bottom  board  to  its  lower 
u  normal  outdoor  use,  the  edges  there-  position  and  insert  the  front  board. 
jf  at  sides  and  rear  are  entirely  out  of  To  open  the  hive,  the  above  operation 
■each  of  the  bees,  so  that  no  propoliz-  is  reversed,  that  is,  withdraw  the 
ng  of  the  edges,  can  ever  occur.  The  front  board,  raise  the  bottom  board 
uiies  Avhen  an  enlarged  entrance  is  and  slide  it  back  into  position  above 
losirable,  such  as  in  periods  of  heavy  the  flexible  Avire  spring  at  rear  of  in- 
loney  flow  or  in  hiving  swarms,  are  side  of  stand.  swing  the  bail 
»rief  and  at  the  season  when  little  or  .support  up  under  the  bottom  board 
10  propolis  is  used  by  the  bees.  If  any  and  attach  the  front  board  to  serve  as 
iropohs  should  ever  get  between  the  an  alighting  board.  This  enables  the 
)ottom  board  and  the  upper  inside  rim  apiarist  to  expeditiously  prepare  and 
he  yielding  springs  Avil]  press  it  out  move  the  bees  to  the  cellar  in  the  fall 
lat.  A  little  propolis  will  nndoubted-  and  from  the  cellar  in  the  spring  and 
V  be  stuck  along  the  line  of  contact  to  and  from  out-apiaries.  They  are 
'f  the  bottom  board  and  the  lower  in-  also  thus  quickly  prepared  to  ship  long 
ide  edge  of  the  upper  inside  rim,  just  distances  by  freight,  express  or  other- 
s  it  is  in  the  angle  of  the  sides  and  wise.  This  handling,  shipping  and 
ipper  surface  of  all  bottom  boards,  moving  of  bees  is  done  with  safety 
•ut  it  is  no  serious  objection  here  any  from  stings  to  the  operatives,  eni- 
Qore  than  it  is  along  the  edges  of  sup-  ployees  of  transportation  companies 
rs  and  hives.  and  horses  and  also  in  perfect  safety 


Fig. 


46 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


March, 


to  the  bees  from  any  danger  of  over- 
heating or  snffocating  or  the  melting 
down  of  the  combs,  the  abundant  ven- 
tilation keeping  them  in  perfect  con- 
dition. It  will,  therefore,  be  seen  that 
this  device  renders  migratory  bee 
keeping  entirely  practicable  because  of 
the  safety  to  the  bees  and  the  opera- 
tives and  the  rapidity  with  which  the 
work  may  be  done.  It  may  also  be 
mentioned  that  thi-s  device  enables  the 
employment  of  a  large  proportion  of 
unskilled  help  in  the  apiary  because  of 
the  safety  from  stings.  Thus  is  re- 
moved one  of  the  chief  obstacles  to 
keeping  bees  on  a  large  scale.  Fur- 
ther when  the  bees  are  removed  from 
the  cellar  in  the  spring  we  frequently 
hear  of  trouble  from  their  stinging  oi>- 
erations  and,  in  taking  the  first  flight, 
getting  confused  and  mixed  with  tht- 
bees  of  otner  hives,  thu-s  causing  some 
colonies  to  become  very  strong  and 
other  so  weak  as  to  be  worthless.  It 
is  obvious  that  by  the  use  of  this  stand 
and  bottom  board  the  npiarist  is  en- 
abled to  place  all  the  colonies  of  an 
apiary  upon  their  summer  stands  and 
adjust  them  all  for  flight  in  the  even- 
ing. The  following  day,  or  as  soon 
thereafter  as  the  bees  can  fly,  they 
will  all  commence  flying  together  and 
no  confusion  will  result. 

In  the  spring,  when  the  colonies  are 
at  their  lowest  numerical  strength,  it 
is  desirable  to  contract  the  entrance 
in  order  to  conserve  the  heat,  and  at 
other  seasons  contraction  is  desirable 
if  the  colony  is  small  or  if  the  bees  are 
disposed  to  rob.  This  bottom  board 
allows  of  the  greatest  possible  lati- 
tude in  the  regulation  of  the  size  of 
the  entrance  and  hence  is  particularly 
valuable  for  this  purpose. 

Bees  sometimes  engage  in  robbing 
in  such  a  wholesale  way  as  to  result 
in  great  loss  of  bees  and  honey.  Thi.> 
device  enables  a  perfect  and  effective 
control  of  them  by  means  of  the  en- 
trance to  the  hive,  which  may  be  en- 
tirely closed,  as  for  cellar  wintering, 
and  the  bees  left  confined  until  night- 
fall or  until  the  danger  of  robbing  is 
past.  Also  in  hot  climates  the  tem- 
perature frequently  rises  to  such  a  de- 
gree as  to  melt  down  the  combs  in  the 
hives,  causing  great  loss  to  the 
apiarist.  At  such  times  l)ees  are  incit- 
ed to  rob  and  much  damage  has  been 
occasioned  in  this  way.  Abundance  of 
free  ventilation,  such  as  may  be.  af- 
forded by  lowering  the  bottom  board 
or  removing  it  entirely,  allowing  the 
air  to  circulate  freely  tarough  the 
sides   and   front   and    up   through   the 


hive,  will  afford  the  greatest  relief  pos- 
sible in  such  an  emergency. 

The  adjustments  of  this  stand  and 
bottom  board  are  ample  to  meet  the  re- 
quirements of  every  apiarist  and  so  far 
as  adjustments  to  a  bottom  board  are 
necessary,  it  may  be  said  of  this  de- 
vice, that  they  are  universal.  It  is 
also  simple  in  consti'uction.  Any  one 
who  has  the  ingenuity  to  assemble  the 
parts  of  and  put  together,  supers  an(i 
hives  can  as  easily  assemble  and  cous 
struct  these  combined  stands  and  bot-i 
torn  boards. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  26,  1905. 


THE   LARVAL   QUEEN. 

Conditions  Whicli  Influence  Its  Development. 


By  John  M.   Davis. 

I  HAVE  had  my  eye  on  that  fellow, 
A.  C.  Miller,  for  several  years— 
ever  since  he  wrote  in  The  Ameri- 
can Bee-Keeper  that  "I  say, 
(with  a  big  I)  "  that  Alley's  method 
is  the  best,"  referring  to  rearing 
queens.  You  just  give  some  of  our 
prolific  writers  rope  and  time,  and 
they  will  hang  themselves,  as  the  Dea- 
con says  "onbeknonst."  See  our  dear 
Brother  Miller  now  dangling  at  the 
end  of  a  hemp.  Got  there  himself- 
and  slipped  off  the  Scaffold.  Wal, 
Wal,  sich  be  the  ways  of  frail  human- 
ity. 

Probably  he  has  reformed,  but  if 
so  he  ought  to  advise  us  of  his  change 
of  base,  and  give  some  of  us  the  pleas 
ure  of  welcoming  him  into  the  fold. 

In  your  January,  1905,  issue  page^ 
3,  he  truthfully  says:  "In  a  normall 
colony  a  queen  emerges  into  an  at- 
mospliere  of  warmth  and  high  hu- 
midity, and  has  accessible  an  abun- 
dance of  nutritious  and  stimulativt 
food."  Just  I'ight;  and  in  a  commer- 
cial queen  yard,  subject  to  all  th€ 
changes  of  weather  in  Tennessee  ano 
north  of  this  latitude,  including  Mr 
Alley's  and  Mi*.  Miller's  locality,  this 
cannot,  as  a  rule,  be  obtained  with  a 
teacup  of  bees  of  any  age. 

In  m.y  humble  opinion,  based  on 
many  years  of  practical  experienct 
and  close  observation,  when  a  queer 
emerges  from  the  cell  she  is  far  fron: 
being  a  fully  developed  insect.  She  Is 
a  soft,  mushy  thing,  easily  mashed 
unless  held  in  her  cell  by  the  bees.  It 
afterswarming  this  never  occurs  in  a 
commercial  queen-rearing  yard,  where 
only  one  cell  is  placed  in  the  nxicleus 
These  queens  just  from  the  cells  need 


i 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


lilOf). 

a  high  temperature,  the  humidity  and 
nutritious  food  suggested  by  Brother 
Miller,  to  complete  their  development, 
and  reduce  this  in  any  particular,  and 
you  retard  the  perfect  development, 
and  damage  the  insect  just  in  propor- 
tion to  the  reduction.  It  may  be  pos- 
sible to  u^e  these  baby  nuclei  to  mate 
virgin  queens  taken  from  cages  at  the 
mating  stage,  the  cells  having  been 
built  and  larvae  nurtured  in  full,  strong 
colonies  of  bees,  and  the  young  queens 
remaining  there  four  or  five  days  re- 
rciving  the  benefits  enumerated  by  Mr. 
?\iiller. 

Were  it  feasible.  I  Avould  prefer  all 
my  queen-s  reared  and  mated  in  strong, 
full  colonies  of  bees,  but  commercially 
this  cannot  be  done  ov^'ing  to  the  ex- 
pense; but  if  we  approach  this  as  near 
as  possible  we  will,  in  my  opinion,  be 
rewarded  by  longer  lived  and  hardier 
stock.  In  the  extreme  south  where 
there  are  no  cool  nights,  (if  there  be 
such  a  place),  these  small  baby  nuclei 
might  be  of  some  service,  but  I  advise 
thO'Se  not  so  favorably  located  to  be 
isure  that  all  their  queens  have  the 
[advantages  Mr.  Miller  namas  In  his 
last  article. 

Referring  to  Mr.  Alley's  method,  I 
iwish  to  say  that  we  owe  him  much 
for  the  many  valualile  points  he  has 
given  us  in  queen  rearing;  and  in  dif- 
fering from  him  in  some  things  I  do 
not  wi-sh  to  be  understood  as  condem- 
ning him.  He  is  honest  in  his  claims, 
hut  see-s  somewhat  differently  from 
<ome  others,  I  doubt  whether  a  better 
nethod  of  selecting  material  for 
lueens  can  be  found  than  his.  This 
iive.s  the  insect  royal  food  from  the 
-tart,  and  if  there  is  a  difference,  she 
lets  the  advantage  of  it.  I  practice 
lis  and  Doolittle's  methods  of  starting 
?ells,  as  is  most  convenient  at  the 
ime,  and  can  see  no  difference  in  the 
lueens  produced,  and  am  of  the 
i)pinion  that  they  are  about  of  equal 
'alue,  the  only  difference  being  the 
ilan  most  convenient  to  the  operator. 

I  wish  to  endorse  Mr.  Miller's  state- 
nents  regarding  drones;  Colonies 
lolding  breeding  drone-s  must  be  well 
'ed  during  a  dearth  of  honey  if  you 
lave  queens  to  mate. 

I  now  have  a  somewhat  unusual 
Irone  repository.  In  July  I  built  up  a 
trong  colony  keeping  them  queenless 
nd  giving  them  all  the  drone  brood 
hat  I  could  find  giving  them  worker 
rood  as  needed  removing  the  queen 
ells  as  built,  but  from  some  source  a 
ne  queen  got  possession  of  the  colony 
ite  in  October,  and  on  the  18th  of  De- 


47 


cember  drones  were  flying  freely  from 
this  colony.  When  I  found  the  queen 
she  had  capped  worker  brood,  and  as  I 
had  no  use  for  the  drones  I  left  her 
to  watch  results.  So  far  no  dead 
drones  have  been  brought  out,  and  the 
weather  not  being  favorable  none  have 
been  flying.  These  bees  evidently  had 
drones  so  long  that  they  recognize 
them  as  a  necessity,  (theory.) 

Don't  forget  to  see  that  your  queens 
have  the  advantage  of  the  warmth, 
high  humidity.  nutritiou«  and  stimula- 
cive  food  during  development.  This  is 
important  and  cannot  be  well  fur- 
nished by  a  teacup  of  bees  in  Ten- 
nessee or  north  of  that  latitude,  dur- 
ing cool  nights,  or  rainy  weather,  (ex- 
perience). 

Spring  Hill.  Tenn.,  Jan.  16,  1905. 


THE  EFFECT  ON  BEES  OF  COLD 
AND  MOISTURE. 

A  Scientific  Discussion  Ably  Presented. 

By  Frank  W.  Proctor. 

THE  QUESTION  was  lately  raised 
in  The  Bee-Keeper;  "Why  is  a 
freezing   temperature    so    much 
more  disastrous  to  bees  confined  in  a 
cellar    than    it   is    to    those    wintering 
upon  a  summer  -stand?" 

Every  bee  is  a  little  furnace  within 
which  honey  is  transformed  into  heat. 
The  bee  also  gets  heat  by  radiation 
from  substances  around  it,  and  also  by 
induction  if  it  touches  any  object 
warmer  than  itself.  This  heat  is  lost 
by  radiation  to  the  air  and  other  things 
around  it,  and  by  conduction  to  any 
colder  object  with  which  it  comes  in 
contact.  At  any  given  movement  the 
body  temperature  of  a  bee  represents 
the  balance  between  income  and  loss 
of  heat  in  the  manner  dcvsired.  Bees 
can  vary  their  rate  of  heat  production 
by  changing  the  amount  of  their  food, 
Init  there  is  a  limit  to  the  rate  at  which 
they  can  make  the  transformation  of 
honey  into  heat;  and  when  it  falls 
short  of  the  rate  of  loss  they  must  suc- 
cumb. 

The  rate  of  radiation  increases  with 
the  temperature  of  the  radiating  body, 
and  is  independent  of  the  temperature 
of  the  environment.  Accordingly  bees 
do  not  lose  heat  in  this  manner  any 
fa-ster  in  cold  weather  than  in  warm. 
But  the  amount  of  heat  they  receive  by 
radiation  from  surrounding  matter  de- 
pends upon  its  temperature,  and  the 
amount  of  heat  received  in  this  man- 
ner in  winter  is  small.  The  net  result, 


4S 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


March, 


therefore,  of  loss  and  gain  through 
radiation  is  a  hirger  loss  in  cold  weath- 
er than  in  warm. 

The  rate  of  loss  of  heat  by  con- 
duction depends  upon  the  nature  of  the 
conducting  body  and  upon  its  tempera- 
ture. The  lower  its  temperature  the 
faster  any  conductor  will  carry  away 
the  heat  of  a  warmer  body  with  which 
it  is  in  contact.  There  are  lar.ye  < 
ferences  in  conductivity  of  different 
substances.  In  winter  bees  are  gen- 
erally in  contact  only  with  the  combs 
on  which  they  cluster  and  the  air 
which  surrounds  them.  Beeswax  is  a 
poor  conductor  of  heat,  and  for  that 
reason  makes  an  excellent  resting 
place  for  bees  in  cold  weather.  If  the 
combs  were  made  of  metal  it  would 
draw  off  the  body  heat  of  the  bees  so 
rapidly  that  they  probably  could  not 
withstand  low  temperature,  though 
well  sheltered.  Dry  air  is  a  rela- 
tively poor  conductor  of  heat  and 
as  long  as  the  air  in  the  hive 
is  dry  and  somewhat  stagnant, 
large  clusters  of  bees  with  plenty 
of  food  can  withstand  very  cold 
weather.  The  conductivity  of  dry  air, 
■water,  and  silver  are  to  each  other 
respectively,  as  1:25:19571.  The  con- 
ductivity of  moist  air  seems  not  to 
have  been  accurately  determined.  The 
only  statement  the  writer  can  ifinjd 
concerning  its  value  is,  that  one  in- 
vestigator found  that  of  .steam  to  be 
higher  than  that  of  dry  air.  It  is, 
however,  a  matter  of  common  experi- 
ence that  in  damp,  foggy  or  rainy 
winter  weather  one  is  colder  than  on 
dry  days,  with  the  same  temperature. 
This  has  been  explained  by  excellent 
scientists  as  being  due  to  the  superior 
conducting  power  of  water  vapor  in 
the  air  and  in  one's  clothing.  This 
seems  reasonable  though  it  is  not  a 
matter  of  course.  Moist  air  is  not  nec- 
essarily dry  air  and  water.  It  may 
be,  and  more  often  than  otherwise  Is, 
dry  air  and  vapor. 

Water  vapor  is  one  of  th^  several  in- 
visible ga^ses  of  which  the  atmosphere 
is  composed,  and  it  is  always  present 
in  the  driest  weather  and  in  the  most 
arid  regions.  Its  chief  difference  of 
behavior  from  the  other  gases  is  that 
it  becomes  liquid  at  a  considerably 
higher  temperature  than  they  do.  It  is 
produced  by  evaporation  from  water 
and  ice  at  all  temperatures,  slowly 
at  low  temperatures,  fa-ster  at  high 
temperatures. 

There  is  a  definite  amount  of  water 
rapor  which  can  exist  in  the  air  at  any 
moment,  and  this  amount  depends 
mainly   upon   the   temperature.       The 


higher  the  temperatvire  the  larger  the 
quantity  of  vapor  possible.  For  ex- 
ample, the  maximum  amount  at  32  de- 
grees Fahr.  is  2.113  grains  per  cubic 
foot,  at  110  degrees  is  26.112  grains. 
When  this  limit  is  reached  the  vapor 
is  said  to  be  saturated,  and  any  further 
addition  of  vapor  results  in  changing 
some  of  it  by  condensation  into  water. 
If  there  is  less  than  the  maximum 
amount  of  vapor  that  can  exist  in  the 
air  at  any  moment,  the  degree  of  sat- 
uration is  expressed  in  percentage,  and 
this  is  called  the  relative  humidity. 
For  example,  a  relative  humidity  of  " 
per  cent  •signifies  that  there  is  iu  the 
air  3-4  of  the  total  amount  that  can  ex- 
ist at  that  temperatiu-e.  Since  the 
possible  amount  of  vapor  decreases 
with  the  temperature,  any  sudden  cool- 
ing of  the  air  increases  its  relative  hu-. 
midity.  If,  for  example,  the  air  at 
45  degrees  with  a  relative  hiimidity  ol 
75  per  cent  were  cooled  to  37  degrees, 
the  vapor  would  be  more  than  saturat-! 
ed  and  some  of  it  turned  to  water. 

If  water  vapor  is  a  better  conductoi 
of  heat  than  dry  air,  its  conductivitj  I 
must  increase  with  the  relative  hu: 
midity:  i.  e.,  the  nearer  it  approaches.' 
saturation.  When  condensed  int( 
water  it  is  twenty-^five-fold  a ,  bette?,' 
conductor  of  heat  than  dry  air,  as  w« 
have  seen. 

Cellars  are  frequently  bo  damp  t" 
at  moderate  temperatures,  the  air  ii 
nearly  saturated  and  small  reduction 
of  temperatiu'e  bring  about  condensa 
tion.  The  normal  .Tanuary  tempera 
ture  of  Boston,  Mass..  is  27  degrees 
and  the  normal  relative  humidity  73.1 
per  cent.  At  this  time  of  year  in  thai 
region  the  average  temperature  of  i 
tolerably  tight  cellar  might  be  40  de 
grees  with  an  average  relative  humid 
ity  of  85  per  cent  to  90  per  cent.  (Thi 
writer  has  just  measured  the  condi 
tions  in  his  house-cellar,  and  find-s  th' 
temperature  to  be  41  degrees,  the  rel 
ative  humidity  92  per  cent,  and  th 
dew  point  40  degrees.  That  is  to  say 
if  the  temperature  should  fall  one  de 
gree,  dew  would  form  in  the  cellar. 
The  humidity  of  course  depends  Tipoi 
its  ventilatiou;  but  in  cold  location 
in  order  to  keep  cellars  from  freezini 
it  is  necessary  to  make  them  so  tigh 
that  the  ventilation  is  poor.  With  ai 
average  cellar  temperature  of  40  d€ 
grees  and  a  relative  humidity  of  8 
per  cent  to  90  per  cent,  the  air  in 
side  the  hive,  owing  to  the  moisture  ex 
haled  by  the  bees,  would  lively  be  9 
per  cent  snturated  and  upwards.  Th 
writer  has  no  observations  of  hive  ten: 
peraturos  in   winter,  but  assuming  i 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


lUOo. 

to  be  UO  degrees,  a  reduction  of  one  de- 
cree would  produce  saturation  and 
condensation  of  •some  of  the  vapor 
within  the  liive  into  water  if  the  hu- 
miditj'  were  95  per  cent.  The  hive  sur- 
faces, the  comb  and  the  bodies  of  the 
iices  would  be  wetter,  and  the  heat 
01  tlie  bees  would  be  drawn  oif  so  rap- 
idly that  they  might  not  be  able  to 
make  it  good  by  a  larger  consumption 
of  food.  i]ven  if  they  could,  this  enforc- 
ed excessive  consumption  of  food  with- 
out opportunity  for  evacuation  of  the 
\va.ste,  might  of  itself  seriously  injure 
the  bee«  if  they  did  not  succumb  to  the 
cold.  The  foregoing  is  based  upon  the 
nssumption  that  the  air  in  the  cellar 
icmaius  90  per  cent  saturated.  But,  as 
we  have  seen,  a  fall  of  temperature 
of  one  degree  in  the  cellar  would  pro- 
luce  saturation  throughout  the  cellar, 
md  before  long  the  air  within  the  hive 
would,  by  diffusion,  seem  saturated 
without  any  reduction  of  the  temiiera- 
ure  in  the  hive.  Apparently  the  bees 
n  a  cellar-hive  live  ordinarily  in  an 
itmosphere  of  vapor  that  is  almost 
saturated,  and  slight  temperature  fall« 
within  the  cellar  serve  to  completely 
^aturate  the  hive  air  and  condense  the 
rapor. 

Though  for  want  of  observations  we 
lave  been  obliged  to  take  as.sumed 
i-alues  for  temperatures  within  the 
live-s.  the  relative  humidity  values  are 
well  within  the  truth.  Tlie  writer  re- 
epeatedly  saw  water  and  ice  inside  of 
I  hive  in  his  cellar  last  winter,  and  the 
•omli  and  frames  came  out  mouldy  in 
he  spring. 

Meanwhile  Avhat  would  be  the  con- 
lition  of  a  colony  wintering  outdoors? 
kVe  saw  that  the  average  January  tem- 
lerature  for  Boston  i.s  27  degrees  and 
he  relative  humidity  73  per  cent.  The 
emperature  would  have  to  fall  nearly 
o  23  degrees  before  the  outdoor  air 
vould  be  so  damp  as  that  we  have  a.s- 
umed  for  the  cellar;  viz.,  90  per  cent 
aturated.  Tlie  superior  dryness  of 
liis  outside  air  assisted  by  better  ven- 
ilation  of  the  hive  would  reduce  the- 
lumidity  within  the  hive  to  say  80  per 
ent  is  against  95  per  cent,  that  of  the 
ellar  hive.  The  temperature  inside  tlTe 
utdoor  hive  would  probably  be  a  little 
iwer  on  the  average  than  "that  of  the 
ive  in  the  cellar.  Assume  it  to  be  at 
"i  degrees  or  even  50  degrees.  At  50 
egrees  the  temperature  would  have 
r>  fall  below  44  degrees  to  make  the 
ir  within  the  hive  as  damp  as  that  in 
he  cellar-hive  at  59  degrees. 

It  matters  not  how  much  these  as- 
umed  value.s  for  the  hive  interior  may 


49 


be  in  error.  It  is  the  relative  values 
only  between  the  hive  in  the  cellar  and 
the  out-door  hive  that  coucei'n  us  here; 
and  these  assumed  absolute  values 
serve  to  illu-strate  what  laige  dif- 
ferences of  moisture  there  is  likely  to 
be  any  time  between  hives  indoors  and 
those  outside;  and  also  to  show  how 
much  more  the  moisture  in  the  hives  is 
increased  by  the  ^ame  temperature 
fall  in  the  one  ca-se  than  in  the  other. 

The  outdoor  hive  has  the  further  ad. 
vantage  that  it  can  dry  out  on  warm 
and  dry  days. 

To  sum  up:  a  fall  of  temperature  to 
the  freezing  point  leaves  the  outdoor 
bees  much  more  comfortable  and  bet- 
ter able  to  maintain  their  normal  tem- 
perature than  those  in  the  cellar  be- 
cause (1)  the  air  in  the  outdoor  hives 
is  much  drier,  and  (2)  because  the  bees 
outside  have  occa-sional  opportunities 
for  evacuating  the  waste  arising  from 
any  e-xces^s  of  food  they  may  have  to 
consume  during  cold  spells. 

It  does  not  follow,  however,  that 
bees  may  not  be  more  comfortable  in 
cellars  than  out  of  doors.  By  -suitable 
ventilation  many  cellars  can*  be  made 
sufficiently  dry.  though  this  may  re- 
quire artificial  heating. 

The  humidity  of  the  air  can  be  readi- 
ly measured  by  any  one  with  an  in- 
expensive insti'ument  called  a  sling 
psychrometer.  It  consist-s  of  two  ther- 
mometers mounted  side  by  side  on 
a  single  frame,  with  a  cord  or  handle 
at  one  end  of  the  frame  so  that  the  in- 
strument can  be  rotated  or  slung  round 
and  round  in  the  air.  The  bulb  of  one 
of  the  thermometers  i-s  covered  with 
a  piece  of  muslin.  "When  dry  both 
thermometers  read  alike,  but  if  the 
muslin  be  wetted  the  swinging  of  the 
instrument  hastens  the  evaporation  of 
the  water  on  the  muslin,  and  thereby 
cools  the  wet  bulb,  making  that  ther- 
mometer read  lower  than  the  other. 
From  the  difference  of  the  readings  of 
the  two  thermometers  the  percentage 
of  'Saturation  (relative  humidity):  the 
temperature  at  which  saturation  would 
occur  if  the  temperature  should  fall 
(the  dew  point),  and  the  number  of 
grains  of  water  vapor  in  a  cubic  foot 
of  air  (absolute  humidi+y)  can  readily 
be  obtained  by  any  one,  from  table.g 
constructed  for  this  purpose. 

Fairhaven.  Mass.,   Dec.  19,  1904. 


Langstroth  used  ''blind  staples"  for 
spacing  frames  from  each  other  and 
from  the  ends  of  the  hive,  putting  the 
staples  at  the  lower  corners  of  the 
frames.      He    described    this    in    iS6!:. 


50 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Marcfi 


AMERICAN  APICULTURE. 


1 


Specialization  and  Its  Results.— Solving  the  Market 
Problem,   Etc. 

(Second  Article.) 
By  J.  E.  Jolin«ou. 
^T^HE  COMMISSION  man  or  honey 
dealer  is  between  the  devil  and 
the  deep  sea.  He  is  expected 
to  get  us  a  big  price  for  our  honey  and 
sell  it  quick  on  a  market  where  the 
supply  and  oft'erings  are  much  greater 
than  the  demand.  Not  only  so,  but 
the  supply  is  growing  while  demand  is 
not.  The  organizing  of  local  associa- 
tions is  a  good  thing  and  will  enable 
bee-keepers  to  hold  together  and  not 
come  in  competition  with  each  other; 
and  they  might  also  do  some  advertis- 
ing, but,  if  when  they  have  succeeded 
in  getting  the  price  where  it  reasonably 
ought  to  be,  nothing  could  be  more  dis- 
couraging than  to  have  this  exchange 
dump  a  carload  of  fine  white  honey 
on  that  market  at  a  reduced  price. 

This  is  what  some  of  the  great  spe- 
cialists are  already  doing,  and  I  know 
whereof  I  speak.  These  specialists, 
being  joined  together  in  a  financial  cor- 
poration, will  be  able  to  do  collectively 
what  they  are  now  doing  separately. 
Being  specialists,  they  have  not  time 
to  work  up  a  trade,  but  will  hunt  up 
the  ones  we  have  worked  up,  and 
they  can  do  this  to  a  "frazzle."  It  is 
not  a  question  of  raising  the  price  of 
honey  with  them,  but  to  find  a  market 
for  all  their  honey  so  they  can  go  on 
epeeializlng. 

Our  National  Association  is  a  grand 
association;  and  the  local  organiza- 
tions are  its  branches  which  give  it 
power;  but  a  stock  company  is  only  for 
the  specialist,  and  will  be  the  instru- 
ment in  the  hands  of  the  great  for  the 
ruination  of  the  small  bee-keepers. 
However,  there  are  many  more  of  the 
small  bee-keepers  and  it  is  through  the 
support  of  these  that  the  bee-papers 
are  able  to  exist.  Only  for  them  the 
National  would  be  a  slim  aflfair.  On 
the  ordinary  man  rests  the  success 
of  all  enterprises;  not  only  so  but  he 
furni-shes  the  fleece  for  the  corpora- 
tions. 

I  have  given  a  diagnosis  of  our 
diseased  honey  market  and  the  cause 
of  the  disease;  now  for  the  cure: 

It  is  easier  to  become  sick  than  to  be 
cured.  First,  and  surt\st  remedy  is, 
KEEP  LLoo  BEES.  If  this  remedy  is 
taken  in  large,  and  repeated  doses,  it 
will  never  fail  to  cure  even  cases  of  a 
chronic  disorder. 


s  i, 

teM 

infl 


1 


The  second  and  most  practical  reme- 
dy, is  to  advertise,  and  thereby  caus« 
a  greater  demand  for  honey.  Thess 
are  the  only  two  remedies,  according 
to  the  well-known  rule  that  supply  aac 
demand  governs  prices.  There  art 
great  numbers  of  wealthy  people  wh( 
have  nearly  everything  on  their  tabl< 
that  is  good  to  eat  except  honey.  Thesi 
people  are  worth  looking  after.  Thej 
are  well  educated  in  every  way,  ex 
cept  to  the  real  value  of  honey  as 
daily  food.  They  have  read  repeat 
ly  that  comb  honey  is  being  man 
factured,  and  syrup  looks  nice;  thej 
try  some  of  that,  don't  like  it,  so  the: 
get  along  with  butter  for  which  the) 
pay  from  25  to  30  cents  per  pound  fo* 
good  "creamery,"  that  is  guarantee! 
to  be  the  genuine  production  of  thi 
cow. 

Last  year  I  wrote  articles  in  ou 
home  and  country  papers  explaininj 
the  value  of  honey  as  a  food.  I  thei 
wrote  a  leaflet  "Facts  about  Hone; 
and  Bees."  and  had  it  printed.  I  pii 
one  in  every  case  of  honey  and  gav 
copies  to  people  who  had  not  bougbi 
honey.     I  also  inclosed  them  in  letters 

I  sold  one  case  of  No.  1  honey  to  ; 
prominent  citizen  of  our  town.  I  gav 
a  leaflet  to  his  wife  when  I  delivers 
the  honey  and  put  one  in  the  case.  T 
that  family  I  sold  last  year  seven  case' 
of  comb  honey  and  one  gallon  of  e? 
tracted.  They  got  interested  and  h 
bought  two  cases  to  take  to  a  brothe 
80  miles  away.  In  two  or  three  weeks 
I  got  a  letter  from  a  lady  who  ha 
been  to  visit  that  brother  and  sample 
that  honey.  She  wanted  two  cases  o 
that  same  kind  of  honey.  And  sc 
from  that  one  case  and  my  leaflets 
I  now  have  three  good  customeK 
This  first  man  has  already  this  yea 
taken  five  eases  and  is  going  to  tak 
four  cases  to  his  brother  and  lad; 
friend. 

They  want  the  nicest  and  pay  me  1 
cents  per  pound,  and  don't  grumble 
bit.     I  am  giving  special  attention  t 
this    kind   of    customers,    and    I    hav 
several.    I  got  them  by  advertising. 

Then  there  is  another  kind  of  cus 
tomers.  When  they  read  these  leal 
lets  they  feel  a  gnawing  in  their  stoiB 
achs  for  honey  but  they  want  it  cheaf 
Some  of  these  would  rather  pay  1 
cents  for  a  ten-ounce  section  than  t 
pay  15  cents  for  a  15  oz.  section;  so 
let  them  have  their  way,  but  I  alway 
give  them  a  few  sections  extra  to  mak 
them  still  more  satisfied:  and  thus 
dispose  of  my  No.  2  honey  at  nearl; 
the  same  price.       Some  of  these  ar 


905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPEH. 


51 


earning?  to  like  extrueted  honey  at  ]0 
its.  per  pound.  At  15  cts.,  it  would 
lave  too  much  the  flavor  of  money  to 
liem. 

All  customers  bring  back  the  empty 
;ases,  and  fruit  jars  in  which  extract- 
jd  honey  is  sold.  I  also  find  that  with 
idvertising  I  can  sell  quite  a  lot  of  ex- 
;racted  honey  in  eight-ounce  glass  tum- 
)lers  at  10  cts.,  at  the  store,  which 
dears  me  14  cts.  per  lb.  I  believe  if 
jvery  bee-keeper  will  do  a-s  much  ad- 
^■ertising  as  I  have  done  (of  honey), 
iiere  would  be  a  much  greater  de- 
nand  for  honey.  In  fact  honey  would 
;ake  a  boom  second  only  to  the  boom- 
;ki  of  the  Russian  bat-tleshipski;  as 
liey  blow  themselves  up  in  the  harbor 
>f  Port  Arthuriski. 
In  every  enterprise  of  the  present 
rJay  special  attention  is  given  to  adver- 
:ising.  Many  firms  spend  thou.sands  of 
lollars  and  if  they  did  not  advertise 
•oustantly  their  business  would  utter- 
y  fail.  Our  business  has  competition 
lid  our  competitors  are  doing  all  the 
(Ivertising.  We'll  get  it  in  the  neck  if 
V(^  don't  adopt  up-to-date  methods. 

The  National  would  do  well  to  spend 
iiie-third  of  its  surplus  in  judiciousS  ad- 
■ertising;  but  each  member  should  not 
orget  his  home  paper.  I  feed  my  home 
laper  editor  on  honey  all  he  will  eat 
iiid  take  my  pay  in  advertising.  He 
inly  uses  30  or  40  lbs.  a  year  (aided 
)y  his  wife),  but  we  are  both  well 
atis'fied  and  he  sends  me  his  paper 
ree. 

I  have  only  a  few  cases  left  of  2,- 
:00  lbs.,  and  all  sold  near  home. 

Try  the  advertising  method  and  you 
an  sell  lots  of  honey  without  being  a 
orn    honey    peddler. 
William-sfield,    111..    .Jan.    10,    1905. 


REVIEW^  OF  VOLUME  XIV. 

By  Fred  Stroschein. 

^ROPHETS  have  been  assuring  us 
of  a  mild  winter,  but,  up  to  date, 
January  10  their  predictions 
ave  not  been  fulfilled;  for  the  weath- 
•  has  been  about  as  severe  as  it  was 
St  winter,  and  we  have  to  console 
irselves  with  the  idea  that  prophets, 
ike  other  people;"  are  liable  to  make 
listakes. 

There  being  little  work  during  the 
ormy  days  which  we  are  having,  I 
we  been  reviewing  the  pages  of  the 
merioan  Bee-Keeper.  which  I  often 
>ad  hurriedly  during  the  busy  summer 
onths.  Mr.  W.  W.  McNeal  opens  up 
le  year  with  an  article  on  comb  build- 
g;  wherein   he   says,   "It  is   a  well- 


known  fact  that  black  bees  build  more 
worUor-comb,  as  a  rule,  than  Italian." 
Now,  last  season  I  had  a  colony  of 
black  bees,  which  built  combs  from 
half-inch  starters,  nearly  every  cell  of 
which  was  worker  comb,  was  in  a 
isuper  of  shallow  frames  and  was 
therefore  used  for  store  purposes,  yet 
some  bee-keepers  claim,  that  black  as 
well  as  Italians  will  build  drone-comb 
for  storing  honey. 

"All  that  Doolittle  discovered  will  be 
found  in  Huber's  book,  published  over 
100  years  ago,  writer  Mr.  .John  Hewitt, 
page  3,  well,  perhaps  yes  butDoolittle's 
way  of  discovering  it  has  been  of 
more  value  to  us.  That  is  why  Ameri- 
can apiarists  give  to  Doolittle  the 
honor  of  having  first  discovered  how 
to  make  artificial  cells,  etc. 

On  the  next  page  Mr.  Hewitt  further 
Avrites:  "I  never  cut  a  cell  out,  all  be- 
ing hatched  in  the  stocks  they  are  rear- 
ed in,  being  naturally  protected  and 
fed  by  the  bees  in  their  cells  for  two 
days  at  least."  I  am  either  such  a  ter- 
rible block-head,  that  I  don't  under- 
stand it.  or  else  it  is  the  peculiar  traits 
of  those  Punic  bees;  for  in  this  locality 
the  bees  will  not  feed  the  queens  for 
two  days  in  the  cells,  except  at  times, 
during  after-swarming.  If  they  did, 
there  would  be  no  need  for  cell  protec- 
tors. 

No  such  a  thing  as  foul  brood,  black 
brood  pickled  brood  or  paralysis,  so 
writes  T.  C.  Hall  about  black  bees,  on 
page  54.  Where  did  you  get  your 
strain  of  black  bee-s,  Mr.  Hall?  Many 
of  us  would  like  to  get  foul  brood  proof 
bees,  but  the  strain  of  black  bees  we 
have  in  this  part  of  the  country  are 
not  proof  against  the  malady;  and  if 
you  would  warrant  your  queens  in  this 
respect,  I  think  you  would  have  a 
booming  queen  trade. 

I  wonder  if  Mr.  Greiner  has  tried  the 
method  of  making  paper  boards  from 
waste  paper,  as  he  describes  on  page 
57?  I  was  interested  in  this,  so  I  tore 
up  a  lot  of  paper  and  covered  it  with 
water.  The  ladies  of  tue  house  asked 
me  what  kind  of  a  pudding  I  was  go- 
ing to  make  for  supper.  It  never 
changed  into  a  "sort  of  pudding,"  as 
desci-ibed  by  that  correspondent  to  the 
Leipziger  Bienen  Zeitung.*  It  simply 
stayed  wet  paper.  If  Mr.  Greiner  can 
explain,  I  will  be  thankful. 

Prevention  of  increase,  by  Mr.  C. 
Theilman,  page  111,  reminds  me  of  a 
queer  method  to  prevent  afterswarms, 
employed  by  a  box-hixe  bee-keeper, 
years  ago;  dressed  up  his  son  sting- 
proof,    who   was   then   armed   with   a 


i 


52                                        THE    AMBRICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  March 

piece  of  brush  to  switch  and  strike  in  gates    for    a    torreut    of    all    sorts    o; 

front  of  the  hives.  claims    and   disputes.      The    beginning 

The  queen  will  not  lay  in  combs  of  of  progre-^^sive  bee-keeping  may  be  sale 

more  than  two-inch  spacing,  page  146.  to    have    been    contemporaneous    witi 

I  am  interested,  for,  if  true,  we  could  the  issue  of  these  books.     From  thei 

do  away  with  the  expensive  queen  ex-  until   the    appearance   of    Langstroth'i 

cinders;  unless  such  Avide  spacing  has  book  little  advance  w^as  observable  ii 

other  objections.  bee-keeping     a*     compared    with     thi 

Mr.    Hewitt    says    Punic    bees    are  changes  which   followed.     Aside  frori 

proof  against  foul  brood.     Mr.  Benton  the  publication  of  Bevan's  wonderfni 

contradicts   this   on   page   203.      There  ly  comprehensive  book,  which  appear 

is  also  other  interesting  reading  in  that  ed  in  England  early  in  the  century,  Q' 

article.     I  have  read  with  interest,  all  other  books   of  consequence  appeare( 

that  has  been  published  in  the  Ameri.  until  Langstroth's,  in  1851. 

can  Bee-Keepers  about  Punic  bees,  and  The  English  have  always  been  ahea( 

am   more  puzzled  than   ever  to   know  of  us  in  the  material  and  mechanica 

what"  they  are  like.     They  are  said  to  detail-s   of   their   books.      That  classic 

be  such  great  collector.s  of  propolis.  Is  "The  Feminine  Monarchie,"  Avas  in  it 

the  colony  you  own,  "Mr.  Editor,"  any  language,    arrangement,   indexing   am 

worse  in  this  I'espect  than  your  other  cross-references  ahead  of  anything  w 

bees?  had  up  to  recent  times.     Key.s  in  th'. 

"Oh    my!"    a    queen    restrainer    and  latter     part    of    the    eighteenth,     am 

entrance  guard,  on  page  219.  Mr.  D.  D.  Huish,  early  in  the  nineteenth  centurj 

Alley  must  be  keeping  bees  for  i>leas-  published  interesting  books,  well  prini 

ure,  rather  than  profit.  As  I  have  said,  fcl  and  well  illu.strated,  concerning  th 

I  would  rather  do  without  any  queen  times, 

excluder  than  use  an  extra  one.  Then  came  Bevan's  fine  book  whie 

Lenkoran  or  Persian  bee.s.  page  325.  has  served  up  to  the  present  day  a 

How  many  kinds  of  hive-bees  are  there  the   basis   of   many   of   our   America 

any    way?     I    would    be   interested    to  books.     Later  came  Cheshire's  mastei 

have    Mr.    Benton    (or    someone    else)  piece  and   Cowan's  smaller,    but  mos 

write  an  article  on  the  different  varie-  excellent  book  on  the  natural   histor 

ties  of  hive  bees.     But  the  last  page  of  the  bee,  not  to  mention  other  les 

of  Volume  XIV  has  been  reached,  and,  imjiortant  but  interesting  works, 

in  my  review  I  have  been  struck  with  In  1893  there  was  published  in  Loi 

the  fact  that  the  American  Bee-Keeper  <ton  one  of  the  best  books  for  a  begii 

is   the  biggest   "little"   bee-paper   pub-  n^i'  in   bee-keeping  that  I   have  seei 

lished  in  the  States.    At  least  for  size.  It  is  called  "The  Book  of  the  Hone 

and  price,  its  like  does  not  appear  on  Bee"  by    Charles    Harrison.      The   dt 

my  table.  ascriptions    and    instructions    are   plai 

:Metz.  Wis.,  Jan.  10,  1905.  and  to  the  point  while  the  illnstrationi 

mostly  from  fine  i^hotographs.  are 


BEE  BOOKS,  ANCIENT  AND  ^'"^  ^^  '''"^  ^'^^^^  '^'"'^  ^^^  appeared  1 

MODERN.  ^  bee-book,  and  each  one  has  close  coi 

nection    with   the   text.     The   book  c 


Sf 


Bv    -Vrthur  C    Miller  course    treats    of    English    hives    an 

■    *                 ■   "          '  tools,   but  aside  from   that,   is  equall 

1r   MAY    surprise   the   uninitiated    to  well  adapted  to  novices  here.     It  pu* 

know  that  of  bee-books  ancient  and  most  of  our  books  sadly  in  the  shad* 

modern,  there  are  several  hundreds  But  still  we  have  some  good  bookii 

The  earliest  English  book-s  on  the  sub-  many  with  good  material  in  them,  br 

.ieot  date  back  to  about  1550,  and  some  few^  in  w^hich  it  is  well  set  forth.    On 

of  those  old  ones  are  wonderfully  fine,  of    our    good     ones    is     "Langstroth'- 

Later    books    were    largely    quotations  Revised."  It  is  exhaustive  and  shoM' 

from    these    with    sometimes    a    little  the  infinite  pains  taken  in  the  work  c 

more  of   mysticism.      Not   until    about  revision.      A    less    pretentious   volumi 

1800  was  the  first  bee-book  pul^lished  but    perhaps    the    most    pleasing    an 

in  America,  to  be  followed  at  varying  satisfying,    is    that    little   gem    "Fort 

intervals  by  others,  little  and  big.  most  Years  Among  the  Bees." 

of  them  being  largely  copies  of  theEng-  For    popular    literature    Miss    Moi 

lish  works,  which  had  been  extensive-  ley's  books  are  entertaining,  accurat 

ly  imported.  and  charmingly  illustrated. 

The  translations  of  Reaumur's  and  Notwithstanding  these  oases  in  tb 

of  Huber's  books  gave  an  impetus  to  desert,  we  still  have  much  to  wish  foi 

bee  literature,  opening  wide  the  flood-  Perhaps  some  day  we  will  have  Amer 


1905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


33 


au  text  books  which  are  well  writteu 
lUd  arranged,  well  illustrated,  well  iu- 
exed  and  in  details  of  paper,  type, 
resswork  and  binding  will  be  a 
redit  to  our  craft  and  well  worth  buy- 

Providence,  R.  I.,  Feb.  16,  1905. 

THE   HONEY   MARKETS   OF 
GERMANY. 


By  F.  Greiner. 

■  TPON  THE  SOLICITATION  of 
A  our  editor  I  have  made  a  stren- 
^  uous  effort  to  obtain  honey-quo- 
itions  from  our  foreign  markets  in 
amburg,  Amsterdam  and  other  ports, 
ut  my  efforts  have  practically  proved 
itile.  After  exchanging  many  letters 
ith  different  parties,  I  have  come  to 
le  conclusion  that  to  attempt  busi- 
BBS  transactiouvs  Avith  German  ports, 
regards  sales  of  honey,  is  useless, 
ugars,  syrups,  adulterated  honeys, 
c,  are  in  the  markets  but  pure  honey 
not  quoted  anywhere.  The  bee 
urnals  do  not  quote  it,  the  city 
ipens  are  silent  on  this  point.  Agri- 
iltural  papers  do  not  mention  honey, 
ne  of  my  correspondents  from  Ber- 
a  say*  this:  "We  have  no  regular 
mey  market  in  Germany  simply,  be- 
.use  bees  are  not  kept,  honey  is  not 
•oduced  in  that  whole-sale  way  as 
und  in  America.  I  aim  to  regularly 
ive  honey  upon  my  table  at 
eakfast  and  receive  my  supply 
m  a  small  farm  bee-keeper 
a  little  village  near  B.,  some 
miles  from  here.  One  has  to 
on  time  though  or  the  honey  is  sold 
t,  for  there  is  but  little  of  it  to  be 
d.  The  honey  obtainable  is  of 
arly  straw-color,  perhaps  a  little 
ihter  in  color  and  is  extracted.  The 
Iney  is  sent  me  in  glass  fruit  cans 
nich  I  have  to  furnish  myself.  I  pay 
1:^  producer  25  cents  per  pound  to 
Mich  must  be  added  five  cents  trans- 
Ittation  charges.  Of  counse  I  piir- 
Mse  only  the  very  best  article  procur- 
;Ie,  of  which  but  little  is  produced. 
'  e  inferior  grades  from  heath,  alf- 
:  a,  etc.,  come  cheaper  but  the  retail- 
*^  have  asked  37  cents  for  clear  un- 
'  idterated  extracted  honey  in  glas-s." 
[y  correspondent  continuing  says: 
he  facilities  of  tran-sportation  from 
t  •  United  States  must  be  wonder- 
fly  favorable.  American  apples  for 
lance  are  brought  here  in  great, 
il.  shiploads  and  are  sold  on  the 
-^ 'ets  by  peddlers  at  2  1-2  cents  per 
I'md,  while  our  own  apples,  (we  have 


no  extensive  orchards,)  bring  from  4  to 
U  cents  per  pound.  The  tran-sport  of 
fruits  from  the  farms  to  the  cities  here 
*;eems  to  be  difficult  and  expensive,  so 
that  California  and  other  American 
products  can  be  sold  here  for  less 
money  than  our  own.''' 

Some  years  ago  I  shipped  a  small 
quantity  of  honey  to  some  friends  in 
Germany.  The  honey  arrived  in  good 
shape  but  it  was  an  expensive  experi- 
ment which  we  did  not  care  to  repeat. 
The  honey  did  not  prove  to  be  nearly 
so  good  as  the  genuine  German  prod- 
uct, at  least  it  was  not  liked  as  welL 
However,  this  might  have  been  owing 
to  the  individual  taste.  I  cannot  think, 
but  that  oiu"  best  clover  honey  is  equal 
to  any  other  honey  prodiiced  any- 
where; and,  considering  the  price  ob- 
tainable, we  ought  to  be  able  to  supply 
consumers  in  Germany  to  our  profit. 

Naples,  N.  Y.,  Jan.,  13,  1905. 


Etiwanda,  Calif.,  Feb.  12,  1905. 
Editor    American    Bee-Kieeper: 

Herewith  ffnd  money  order  for  50c  to 
pay  up  my  subscription  to  American 
Bee-Keeper  for   one  year. 

The  letters  now  being  published  in 
American  Bee-Keeper  re  Punic  bees 
are  getting  very  interesting.  I  receiv- 
ed from  Mr.  Hewitt  a  fertile  Punic 
queen  last  fall  but  too  late  for  the 
bast  honey  flow.  I  introduced  her  to  a 
colony  of  native  bees.  Now  thej^  are 
nearly  all  Punic's.  Thy  are  the  easiest 
bees  to  handle  that  I  ever  saw.  and 
they  are  al-so  excellent  workers.  I 
shall  give  them  a  fair  trial  this  year, 
then  will  report  how  they  do.  Things 
look  fine  for  a  good  honey  flow  this 
year.  Over  ten  inches  of  rain  since 
July  1,  1904.  The  sage  is  looking  in 
fine  condition. 

Yours  truly 

O.  F.  Martin. 


William,  Mo.,  January,  28,  1905. 
Editor  American  Bee-Keeper: 

I  desire  to  ask  you  a  question  regard- 
ing bees: 

I  shoveled  the  snow  up  against  my 
hives  leaving  the  entrances  open  and 
the  bees  could  hardly  be  heard,  but  a 
minute  after  the  snow  was  piled 
around  them,    I   could  hear   the   noise^ 


54 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Marcl 


at  a  few  feet  distant.  It  was  not  be- 
cause I  jarred  the  hive  or  disturbed 
them  in  any  way,  as  I  tried  it  several 
times,  and  wa«  very  careful  that  the 
loose  and  soft  snow  should  not  be  heard 
Inside  of  the  hive,  and  afterwards  the 
snow  would  melt  an  inch  from  the  hive 
in  zero  weather.  Hives  with  no  bees 
in  would  be  the  same  as  when  the 
snow  was  put  there. 

Is  this  -snow  injiirious  to  bees?  "We 
have  hard  winds  in  winter. 

K.  M.  Waldron. 

There  is  no  doubt  a«  to  the  disturb- 
ance of  the  bees  being  a  result  of 
your  work  near  the  hive,  notwith- 
standinc;  the  great  care  with  Avhich 
you  performed  the  operation.  Bees  are 
extremely  sensitive  in  such  instances; 
and  it  would  be  an  impo'SSibility  to 
bank  them  up,  as  stated,  without  im- 
parting to  them  a  knowledge  of  the 
fact  that  something  unusual  was  go- 
ing on  outside.  The  banking  of  snow 
about  the  hive  is  not  injurious  to  bees. 
On  the  contrary,  it  is  conceded  to  be 
a  protection  that  is  beneficial.  The 
heat  generated  by  a  healthy  colony 
Avould  doubtless  cause  the  -snow  to 
melt  av»'ay  from  immediate  contact 
with  the  iiive,  as  stated.  In  such  a 
position,  liowever.  a  colony  would  be 
cozily  protected  from  chilling  winds 
Avhile  the  snowbank  remained. — Edi- 
tor. 


ALFALFA  GROWING. 


In  the  past  several  years  there  has 
been  a  marked  tendency  on  the  part  of 
local  sugar  planters  to  a  more  general 
growing  of  alfalfa,  they  feeding  the 
hay  to  their  work  stock  perhaps  some 
six  or  seven  months  in  the  year,  de- 
pendent on  the  number  of  cuttings  se- 
sured,  and  the  Sugar  Planters'  Jour- 
nal has  all  along  lent  encouragement 
to  new  ventures  in  alfalfa  sowings, 
feeling  assured  that  where  alfalfa  is 
successfully  grown  it  will  thereafter 
be  a  regular  provider  for  the  stable, 
for  there  is  no  hay  better  adapted  to 
work  stock  generally.  A  prejudice  ex- 
isted several  years  ago  against  the 
feeding  of  alfalfa  to  horses  but  ex- 
periments made  at  the  Utah  experi- 
ment station  showed  the  prejudice  to 
be  without  foundation,  for  the  inves- 
tigation, covering  months,  during 
which  the  teams  did  the  same  work, 
resulted  in  an  unqualified  victory  for 
alfalfa  against  timothy  hay. 

In  all  the  sugar  parishes  of  Louisi- 
ana, alfalfa  is  annually  planted,  though 


Ik 


Loose  snow  over  the  hives  wint« 
ing  out  of  doors  aflfords  protectic 
but  it  should  not  be  allowed  to  "cruJ 
near  the  entrances,  or  suflfocation  m 
result. 


"Bees  do  not  consume  most  hon 
during  extreme  cold  weather,  but  dt 
ing  intervals  of  milder  temperatun 
An  old  statement  which  is  a  trifle  m; 
leading. 


not  on  every  large  plantation  by  an 
means.  Some  planters  have  given  it 
trial  on  land  unsuited  to  its  growtl 
or  on  good  land  imperfectly  preparet 
and  because  success  was  not  attaine 
the  first  time,  have  not  tried  it  agai: 
On  the  other  hand,  there  are  sug; 
planters  who  have  been  planting  alfs 
fa  for  years,  and  who  expect  to  kei 
up  the  practice  indefinitely^  ev 
though,  as  they  say,  it' requires  the 
best  land.  It  may  be  stated  that,  asK 
average,  alfalfa  in  the  sugar  distrfcH 
requires  re-planting  each  year,  oWi» 
to  other  grasses  crowding  it  out,  jbv 
the  fact  remains  that  with  three  td  si 
cuttings  annually  it  pays  to  sow  eac 
year. 

One  of  our  upper  coast  readers  hs 
a  patch  of  alfalfa  that  is  four  year 
old,  and  we  consider  the  reason  1 
has  bee  nable  to  keep  it  so  long  is  h 
careful  manner  of  seedbed  preparatio 
He  gets  the  best  results  when  plan 
ing  in  black  or  buck-shot  soil  whii 
has  a  sandy  subsoil  and  good  drai 
age,  finding  that  better  for  alfalfa  thi' 
either  mixed  or  sand  lands.  He  so\ 
in  October,  a  half  bushel  of  seed 
the  acre,  in  land  covered  during  fi, 
summer  with  a  thick  growth  of  pi 
vines.  With  soil  of  this  charact, 
only,  it  is  his  custom,  after  taking  « 
the  pea  vines,  to  plow,  harrow,  pic 
again,  roll,  and  finally  re-harrow, 
then  being  in  fine  condition  to  recei 
the  alfalfa  seed.  The  seed  are  sow> 
broadcast,  and  swept  in  the  soil  by* 
dragging  tree  branch,  he  finding  tl 
preferable  to  harrowing,  for  the  latl 
course  is  liable  to  put  the  seed  t 
deep  for  quick  gesrmination. 
bein  gthat  pursued  by  one  of  our  mp 
The  above  outline  of  alfalfa  planti) 
successful  planters,  it  may  with  pro 
be  followed  by  those  who  have  n 
yet  gone  into  its  raising  or  who  ha 
Heen  unsuccessful  in  past  attempts.' 
Sugar  Planters'  Journal. 


i 


f4  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦t» 


THE 


Bee  "Keeping  World 


I  staff  Contributors  :    F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ.'; 

Contributions  to  tliis  Department  are  solicited  from  all  quarters  of  the  earth. 


♦  ♦♦♦♦♦♦MMMtMMMM  ♦♦♦♦♦♦  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦^♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦M»» 


AUSTRIA. 

F.  Steigel  describes  bis  improved  ex- 
ractor  in  Bienen  Vater  about  as  fol- 
3WS.  "The  comb  pockets  are  divided 
y  metal  sheets  and  extra  screens  so 
g  to  form  i-eally  two  pockets  each, 
aking  two  comb-s  one  behind  the  other 
QStead  of  one  comb  as  in  the  present 
xtractor.  By  thi.s  arrangement  eight 
ombs  may  be  extracted  instead  of  four 
t  one  operation,  thus  saving  in  labor. 
he  extractor  could  even  be  so  arrang- 
d  as  to  take  three  combs  for  each 
ocket  in  the  same  manner,  thus  in- 
reasing  its  capacity  threefold."  The 
iventor  is  preparing  to  have  this  ex- 
■actor  patented  in  all  countries.     It  is 

que-stion  with  the  writer  of  this 
ifhether  such  an  extractor  would  be 
etter  than  a  reversible  four-frame 
owan.  He  would  consider  the  sep- 
rate  turning  of  the  combs  a  great  dis- 
dvantage.  I  believe  W.  L.  Coggshall 
as  used  a  similar  arrangement  to  that 
f  Steigel  for  many  years,  and  as  to 
pocuring  a  patent  on  it  here  in 
merica,  he  might  be  a  little  too  late. 


step  in  advance.  The  old  method  of 
harvesting  the  honey  was  a  simple 
one.  A  small  quantity  of  gunpowder 
was  exploded  inside  of  a  hive;  the  con- 
tents, bees,  broood  and  combs — were 
emptied  into  a  kettle  and  by  applica- 
tion of  heat  the  honey  was  separated 
from  the  wax,  etc.,  not  a  very  appetiz- 
ing jiroduet.  AVith  the  improved  hive, 
the  honey  may  be  removed  from  the 
rear.  The  brood  may  be  ea-sily  reach- 
ed from  the  front  end. 


A.  Kamprath  conducts  a  question- 
3X  in  the  Bienen  Vater.  The  first 
uestion  relates  to  milk  as  a  stimuluc? 
<r  bees.  Says  some  fine  results  have 
een  obtained  feeding  milk  in  small 
>ses  in  connection  with  sugar,  es- 
ecially  where  there  was  a  lack  of  pol- 
n;  biit  on  the  whole  he  is  not  in 
ivor  of  any  substitute;  thinks  honey 

d  pollen  combs  are  good  enough; 
icapping  such,  and  sprinkling  with 
>t  water,  giving  them  to  the  bees  in 

e  evening,  ha-s  given  him  very  good 
aults. 


A  farmer's  hive  used  commonly  in 
any  districts  of  Austria  consists  of  a 
allow,  long  box,  nearly  32  inches 
ng,  not  quite  10  inches  wide  and  8 
ehes  high.  The  ends  are  movable. 
ich  hives  were  corded  up  like  stove- 
50d  and  kept  under  .sheds.  These 
me  hives  are  being  improved  by 
aking  the  combs  movable,  which  is  a 


A  recipe  for  an  ointment  made  of 
pinepitch,  honey  and  beeswax,  each  20 
gramvs,  mixed  with  350  grams  of  fresh 
lard,  is  recommended  for  collar  boils, 
in  Bienen- Vater,  Vienna. 


GERMANY. 

Freudenstein  says,  in  B.  V..  that  the 
heath  bee  of  Germany  i.s  a  degenerat- 
ed bee  produced  by  long  continued  mis- 
management on  the  part  of  the  bee- 
keeper.s.  He  says  they  always  take 
up  the  heavy  colonies  (such  as  have 
not  cast  swarms)  and  keep  the  swarms 
over.  He  say-s,  further,  nature  would 
Aveed  out  all  unprofitable  swarms  but 
for  the  bee-keeper  who  steps  in  be- 
tween and  feeds  up  those  swarms  that 
would  die  out  or  should  be  taken  up. 


Freudenstein  offers  a  reward  of 
1,000  marks  or  about  $250  for  the  intro- 
duction of  a  profitable  red  clover  varie- 
ty with  short  enough  blossoms  so  that 
our  common  bees  can  reach  the  honey. 
^Nlore  particulars  are  to  be  given  later 
in  a  number  of  his  journal. 


It  will  be  remembered  that  Freuden- 
stein is  about  the  only  person  in  Ger- 
many who  has  given  the  matter  of 
long-tongued  bees  any  consideration. 
As  generally  considered  the  red  clover 
bees  are  an  American  humbug.  As  I 
take  it,  Freudenstein  is  not  blowing 
the  horn  for  the  long-tongued  Ameri- 
can race  but  is  simply  experimenting 
to  find  out  whether  or  not  there  is  any- 
thing to  it. 


56 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


March  1 


A  certain  well  known  comb  founda- 
tion manufacturer  in  Germany  has 
been  heavily  fined  for  selling  founda- 
tion as  pure  when  it  was  made  of  a 
mixture  of  75  per  cent,  parraffine  and 
25  per  cent,  of  beeswax. — ^Deuche 
Bienenzucht.        

A  wax-trust  has  been  formed  in  Ger- 
many. The  members  have  agreed 
upon  a  certain  price  to  be  paid  for 
beeswax  (what  this  price  is  the  writer 
does  not  know  but  he  observes  that 
wax  is  high  compared  with  American 
prices.  Some  producers  received  70 
cents  per  pound.) 

Darlf  colored  grape  wines  are  used 
in  Germany  to  give  color  to  rum  and 
whisky,  and  I.  M.  Gosch  says  in 
Schlesw.  Hoist.  Bztg.  that  mitheglin 
answers  the  same  purpose  and  advises 
beekeepers  to  bring  this  to  the  notice 
of   distilleries. 


There  seems  to  be  a  difference  of 
ouinion  whether  bees  should  be  winter- 
ed warm  or  cold.  Rundschauer  Go-sch. 
claims  the  difference  is  principally  in 
not  having  the  same  conception  of  the 
term,  "warm." — Schle-sw.  Hoist.    Bztg. 


A  reader  of  the  same  bee  journal 
wants  to  know  what  he  can  do  to 
make  his  honey  granulate  quickly.  He 
is  advised  to  put  his  honey  into  a  bar- 
rel and  cover  it  tightly;  every  second 
or  third  day  give  the  honey  a  good  -stir- 
ring. So  treated,  honey  will  nicely 
cryc^talize  uniformly  all  the  way 
through.  When  granulation  has  well 
begun,  draw  off  and  fill  in  cans  and 
glasses. 


Grapes  become  as  sweet  as  the  besi 
raisins,  Dates  and  figs  grow  abun 
dantly.  Just  thinks  he  has  evidence 
that  his  bees  went  eight  miles  aftej 
honey  at  certain  times,  when  there  was 
nothing  to  be  obtained  near  by.— 
Deutsche  Imker. 


SWITZERLAND. 

Queen  breeders  in  Switzerland  havf 
practically  given  up  the  Doolittle  metlj 
od.  Only  two  use  the  Doolittle  ceHi 
cups,  but  have  queenless  colonies  real 
the  queens. 


Dr.  Brunnich,  claims  in  Schwei? 
Bztg.,  that  his  late  experiments  provt 
that  drones  from  virgin  queens  ari 
virile,  in  every  way  the  equal  of  dron^ 
from  fertilized  or  normal  mothers.  Hj 
describes  the  details  of  the  experimeni 
which,  to  the  mind  of  the  writer,  faii 
to  bring  the  absolute  proof. 


ASIA  MINOR. 
According  to  the  "Bulletin  de  li 
Chamber  de  Commerce  de  Smyrna) 
beeswax  is  produced  in  considerabJ 
quantities  in  Asia  Minor  and  exportet 
from  Smyrna  to  dift'erent  parts  o 
France,  Italy,  Austria  and  particulau 
ly  Russia.  Many  bees  are  kept  in  tht 
calm  valley  of  the  interior,  and  a  so* 
of  bee  fever  is  raging  among  the  ns) 
fives.  Acording  to  statistics  of  tU 
last  five  year-s,  over  400,000  pounds  o 
honey  is  exported  yearly  froD 
Smyrna.  It  is  said  that  the  wax  pro 
dueed  is  of  the  very  best  quality,  th) 
bee-keepers  taking  great  pains  to  pur) 
fy  it.  It  is  exported  packed  in  doubl 
sacks  of  20O  pounds  each. — Bienei 
Yater. 


GERMAN  SOUTHWEST  AFRICA. 
This  part  of  the  world  is  not  the 
most  favored  spot  for  growing  crops 
or  beekeeping.  However,  irrigation  can 
make  a  garden  of  Eden  out  of  it,  as 
is  shown  by  missionaries,  and  when 
this  i'S  accomplished  bee-l^eeping  can 
be  made  to  pay.  F.  Judt  has  establish- 
ed an  apiary  in  Hoaxanas  which  yields 
good  crops  of  fine  honey.  The  hives 
used  by  judt  are  of  the  German  styles, 
but  it  would  seem  that  American  hives 
might  be  used  to  better  advantage  in 
such  a  warm  climate,  of  which  Ernst 
Zirrgiebel  says  that  the  days  in  winter 
are  as  warm  as  summer  days  in  Ger- 
many. Irrigation  makas  it  possible  to 
grow  all  tropical  plants  as  well  as 
semi-tropical  and  vegetables  of  all  de- 
scription^s.  In  the  line  of  frtiits,  even 
apples,  pears  and  peaches  are  grown. 


FRANCE. 
Mr.  Moulin  reports  that  in  the  pro 
vince  where  he  lives,  most  of  the  hivei 
are  yet  straw.  That  is  nothing  new 
but  what  might  be  worth  noting  is  thi 
fact  that  what  we  would  call  the  sui 
pers  are  often  placed  under  the  broot 
nest  rather  than  above. — L'Apiculteuii 


Mr.  Brochet  says  that  if  sonu 
bruised  leaves  of  leek  are  rubbed  oi 
the  hands  the  bees  will  not  stinj 
them. — L'ApicuIteur. 


Mr.  Steigel  advises  apiculturists  t( 
use  rain  water  when  rendering  wax 
The  spring  or  well  water  very  oftei 
contains  some  iron  which  will  invari 
ably  darken  the  wax. — L'ApicuIteur. 


AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


57 


say  that  apicultnral  affairs  in  this 
state  are  in  a  very  satisfactory  con- 
dition. Onr  Toul  brood,'  and  'bogus 
lioney'  laws,  backed  by  a  determina- 
tion to  enforce  them,  have  proven  all 
that  could  be  de-sired." 


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THE  AMERICAN  BKE-KEEPER, 

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]6^tt■oriaL 

Mr.  Adrian  Getaz.  who  reviews  the 
rench  bee  papers  for  us,  says  that  in 
ranee  the  American  Bee-Keeper  is 
ore  frequently  quoted  than  all  other 
merican  bee  .iournals  combined. 
>I1.  the  -sagacity  of  the  French,  you 
lOw,  is  admitted  everywhere. 


Mr.  E.  E.  Wilson,  Dabney,  Ark.. 
ys  that  of  all  the  bee  papers  he 
kes,  none  have  given  him  so  much 
;ht  upon  the  suliject  of  bee-keeping 
the  American  Bee-Keeper.  We  are 
id  to  know  our  ef¥©rts  are  appreciat- 


recent   letter   from    President   W. 

Marks,  of  the  New  York  State  As- 

j>clation    of    Bee-Keepers'    Societies, 

Iparts  this  very  gratifying  informa- 

\n:  "I  will  take  this  opportunity  to 


"Notes  and  Comments,''  in  the  Cana- 
dian Bee  Journal,  is  presided  over  by 
a  York  County  Bee-Keeper,  who  is, 
evidently,  a  capable  apiarist  as  well  as 
an  entertaining  writer.  He  objects, 
liowever,  to  the  language  used  in  one 
department  of  a  certain  American  bee 
paper,  and  says  it  Iwrders  on  the  bar- 
room type  of  talk.  If  oui"  York  Coun- 
try friend  intends  this  for  a  slap  at 
Deacon  Hardscral)ble,  we  advise  him 
to  Ivee])  a  liglit  liurning  in  hisS  room 
liereafter,  unless  his  nerves  are  in  ex- 
cellent trim.  The  Deacon  intimates 
that  he  has  a  little  score  to  settle  over 
in  Canada;  and  may  be  thi-s  is  it.  We 
all  make  mistakes  sometimes,  and 
York  County  Bee-Keeper  makes  a  big 
one  in  the  same  issue  of  the  Canadian 
Bee  -Tournal  when  he  credits  the 
article.  "A  Popular  F^allacv,"  to  "A. 
B.  K." 


FACTIONS   OF   THE    CRAFT. 

Over  in  Ireland  the  federated  bee- 
keepers have  for  years  been  doing  all 
possible  to  secure  protective  foul  brood 
laws.  English  bee-keepers  are  equally 
de-sirous  of  the  same  thing  upon  their 
Island.  Ireland  has  contended  that 
cordial  co-operation  between  the  two 
countrie.s  was  important,  if  the  desired 
ends  were  to  be  accomplished.  The 
English  society  thinks  Ireland  is  "too 
small  potatoes"  to  mix  up  with  such 
an  important  organization  as  the  Brit- 
ish Bee-Keepers'  Association  in  any 
•such  ])roposition,  and  proposes  to  "go 
it  alone."  The  Irish  regard  the  Eng- 
lish attitude  as  a  snub,  which  is  for- 
mally resented,  and  the  resentment  is, 
in  turn,  ofRcially  turned  down  as  "a 
misrepresentation"  which  it  "feels 
bound  to  defend."  Therefore,  there  is 
likely  to  result  an  estrangement  be- 
tween two  important  societies  which 
should  be  working  hand  in  hand  for 
the  welfare  of  apiarian  interests  in  the 
allied  countries. 

It  has  been  proposed,  by  members 
of  the  National  Bee-Keepers'  Associa- 
tion, that  when  a  serious  break  occur- 
red in  its  ranks,  it  would  be  by  a  di- 
vision of  the  democrats  and  the  aristo- 
crats of  the  organization.  It  looks  as 
if  our  brethren  over  the  sea  may  have 
already  reached  thi-s  condition  of  af- 
fairs. 


58 


THE    AMI5RICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


I 

Marcl 


THE  CLIMATE  AND  HONEY. 

lu  J.  A.  Green's  department,  "Bee- 
Keeping  Among  the  Ilockiefi,"  in 
Gleanings,  be  says:  "It  seems  that 
there  are  localities  in  Texas  where 
basswood  is  abundant.  I  have  been 
told  this  by  those  who  have  been  there 
and  say  that  there  are  large  tracts  of 
country  covered  with  it.  Reports  at 
the  Texas  convention  indicate  that  it 
yields  honey  just  as  freely  as  in  the 
Northern  States.  It  appears  to  be  nice 
honev,  too.  Several  years  ago,  some 
of  the  Canadians  argued  that,  the  fur- 
ther north  basswood  honey  was  pro- 
duced the  better  was  its  quality,  and 
they  claimed  superiority  for  their  pro- 
duct over  that  produced  in  the 
States  on  that  account.  I  wonder  if 
the  Canucks  did  not  manufacture  that 
theory  out  of  'whole  cloth.'  " 

That  the  "Canucks"  had  ever  made 
this  claim,  we  were  not  aware,  but  we 
have  not  forgotten  that  the  records  of 
the  Omaha  convention,  in  1898,  credit 
Mr.  Whitcomb,  of  Nebraska,  with  this 
statement:  "Climate  has  much  to  do 
with  the  flavor  of  honey;  a  w^arm  cli- 
mate producing  that  of  inferior 
quality,  and  a  colder  climate  produc- 
ing honey  of  a  much  better  flavor." 

Mr.  Whitcomb  has  persistently  ig- 
nored all  requests  for  some  explanation 
as  to  the  grounds  upon  \\hich  such  an 
assertion  is  based. 

It  is  remarkable  how  freely  and 
fluently  some  persons  pour  forth  their 
wisdom  to  the  world,  until  someone 
ha-s  the  audacity  to  question  a  point, 
and  then,  as  if  by  magic,  become  as 
eternally  and  as  oppressively  silent  as 
an  Egyptian  tomb. 


The  American  Bee-Keei^er,  of  a: 
things,  desires  to  be  fair  with  ever 
contributor,  regardless  of  anj^  ill  fee 
ing  which  such  a  course  may  incui 
and  if  any  correspondent  fails  to  s( 
cure  an  impartial  hearing  through  on 
columns,  it  is  because  of  his  own  fai 
ure  to  conform  to  the  established  rule 
of  this  journal. 

However,  it  is  -suggested  that,  a 
tending  to  refute  Prof.  Benton's  fins 
charge  in  the  article  referred  to,  that 
can  be  no  reasonable  objection  t 
quoting  his  own  words,  as  published  i 
the  British  Bee  Journal  for  Novembe 
15,  1883,  page  259,  as  follows: 


THE  HEWITT-BENTON  DISCUS- 
SION. 
No  subject  that  has  been  introduced 
through  the  American  Bee-Keeper  in 
years,  has  been  productive  of  moi'e 
widespread  interest,  than  that  of 
Punic  bees.  It  is  a  matter  of  regret 
that  the  subject  might  not  have  been 
pursued  in  our  columns,  until  we 
should  all  know  something  definite,  in 
regard  to  the  facts  and  details  in  con- 
nection therewith;  but  INIr.  Hewitt's 
response  to  Prof.  Benton's  article  in 
our  issue  for  October,  1904,  was  found 
unavailable,  for  various  reasons.  Mr. 
Hewitt  feels  that  we  have  inflicted 
upon  him  a  grave  injustice  b,v  publish- 
ing PrAf.  Benton's  attack,  and  with- 
holding his  reply,  which  deals  very 
minutely  with  the  points  brought  for- 
ward by  Mr.  Benton. 


MR.  JOHN  HEWITT. 

"Again,  in  188J,  from  Beyrout,  Syr 
larger  numbers  of  queens  were  sent 
various  countries  of  Europe,  and  t 
success"  of  sending  by  mail  on  su 
long  sea-voyages  further  demonstr! 
ed.  No  other  person  has  aided  me 
much  in  determining  the  conditio 
necessary  to  success,  the  exact  caus 
in  case  of  failure,  etc.,  nor  given  me 
many  valuable  suggestions  in  regard 
this  "matter  as  the  Sheffield  gentlema 
whose  name  I  have  already  mention* 
Mr.  John  Hewitt.  Had  others  given 
prompt,  exact  and  full  reports  regai 
ing  queens  mailed  to  them.  I  won 
have  been  much  less  time  deterraini 
upon  the  best  method  of  packing." 

Being  the  most  amiable  bees  he  h 
ever  owned,  good  honey  gatherers,  a' 
very  prolific,   the  editor   of   The  B« 


.k)5. 


THE    AMEiRICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


59 


[eeper  has  naturally  felt  an  intei-est 
I  the  Punier,  and  has  wished  that 
hers  might  decide  to  try  them, 
ence,  the  subject  has  been  given  con- 
derable  space  in  our  columns;  and  we 
gret  tliat  personal  differences  can- 
>t  be  adjusted  in  some  way  that  will 
srmit  practical  tests  of  this  race  in 
inerica  at  this  time. 


PUNICS. 


In   response    to    an    inquiry,    Editor 

)ot,  in  Gleanings,  says:     "We  tested 

e  so-called  Punic  bees  a  few  years 

0.     We  did   not  discover   that  they 

d  any  quality  that  was  in  any  way 

perior    to    any    of   the    bees    in    this 

untry.     They  were  fearful  propoliz- 

3,    bad   about   stinging,    and,    in    my 

inion,  they  were  not  even  as  good 

es       for       general       use       as       the 

mmon   black    bees    of   this   country. 

ey  were  very  much  inferior  to  Ital- 

s;  and.  from  reports  I  have  read  of 

3m  since,  I  should  not  think  any  one 

)uld  be  wise  in  introducing  them  into 

f  yard.     A  few  Punic  drones  might 

ike  a  bad  mix-up  in  the  stock  that 

iild  not  easily  be  eradicated." 

\rr.  Root  is  not  very  explicit,  as  to 

1 '  extent  of  the  test  which  was  there 

'.-(■n  these  bees.     If  they  have  been 

t  iioughly     tested     in     America     we 

s  Hild  like  very  much  to  obtain  specif- 

i  information   as    to    results.        From 

'  ■  own  limited  experience,  with  one 

colony  of  Punics,  we  think  very 

rently.     Excepting  the   Caucasian 

'  "iiy  Mr.  J.  B.  Hall  had  years  ago 

^'in  the  writer  was  with  him  in  Can- 

■M,  our  Punicc?  are  the  gentlest  bees 

liave  ever  handled  anywhere.     We 

iJve  manipulated  the  colony,  perhaps, 

aiundred  times,  sometimes  with  a  lit- 

tl   and  sometimes  with  no  smoke  at 

a.  and  they  have  never  offered  once 

listing.      Their  crosses,  however,  are 

n   so  amiable  as  the  parent  colony. 

PREJUDICE. 
Ve  sometimes  wonder  if  bee-keepers 
8'  not  unduly  prejudiced  against  new 
tlng.s    which    might    prove    beneficial 
tithem. 

Ve  have  heard  it  asserted  that  an 

"  npping-machine     could     never     be 

"  successful.        Possibly   it  might 

but    the    problem    hardly    seems 

'  I'  difficult  or  intricate  tx.an  a  type- 

'  ing  machine,  the  telephone  or  wire- 

'f :  telegraphy. 

rtificial  honeycomb  has  never  been 

^f.  but  we  should  not  care  to  go  on 

'  n.  as  have  so  many  others,  as  «ay- 

■    that  "  it  cannot  and  will  not  ever 


be  accompli,shed."  It's  hard  to  tell 
what  the  twentieth  century  may  bring 
forth. 

Perhaps  the  primitive  man,  who  had 
just  completed  an  elegant  new  "dug- 
out'' canoe  with  which  to  navigate  the 
streams  of  his  neighborhood,  may  have 
thought  he  had  accomplished  the  acme 
of  perfection  in  seagoing  craft.  There 
have  been  some  improvements  in  this 
line  since,  however. 

Very  many  bee-keepers  feel  sure 
that  in  the  Italian  bee  they  have  quite 
all  the  excellent  qualities  that  may  be 
obtained  in  one  race.  Perhaps  they 
have  but  it  is  hardly  the  part  of  wis- 
dom to  be  so  complaisant  as  to  settle 
down  in  perfect  contentment  with 
present  conditions  in  any  line.  It's 
better  to  keep  striving  for  improve- 
ment. Such  efforts  are  nearly  always 
rewarded  with  succekss  of  greater  or 
less  degree.  If  not  in  dollars  and 
cents,  greater  knowledge  of  facts  come 
to  compensate  the  work. 

In  this  connection  we  are  reminded 
of  a  recent  instance:  One  of  the 
veteran  bee-keepers  wrote  to  approve 
Prof.  Benton's  article  in  regai-d  to 
Punic  bees,  wljich  he  denounced.  The 
writer  of  this  is  always  alert  for  infor- 
mation upon  any  apiarian  subject,  and 
especially  upon  that  which  pertains  to 
the  improvement  of  stock  and  the  bet- 
tering of  market  conditions.  He, 
therefore,  felt  sure  that  the corraspond- 
ent.  who  thought  so  favorably  of 
Prof.  Benton's  criticism,  must  have 
some  knowledge  of  Punics,  and  accord- 
ingly wrote  at  once  for  information. 
This  is  the  response: 

"With  regard  to  Punic  bees  I  know 
nothing.  l)ut  I  frankly  confess  I  have 
no  faith  in  them." 

This  is  prejudice,  pure  and  simple. 
Tins  journal  is  not  advocating  Punic 
bees,  nor,  indeed,  any  particular  race. 
However,  it  is  a  noteworthy  fact  that 
some  persons  have  no  faith  in  any- 
thing with  which  they  are  not 
familiar;  and  such  persons  are  usually 
several  years  behind  the  procession  as 
a  result  of  their  exti*aordinary  pre- 
caution against  imposition.  We'are  at 
a  loss  to  understand  why  anyone, 
wholly  without  experience  or  knowl- 
edge upon  a  certain  subject,  should 
feel  moved  to  express  their  approval 
or  disapproval  thereof.  Varying  de- 
grees of  faith,  or  its  entire  absence, 
have  no  influence  upon  the  quality  of 
goods.  If  a  man  has  tried  a  certain 
brand  of  goods  and  finds  it  bad,  or 
good  then  an  expression  of  his  opinion 
is  one  of  some  value;  otherwise,  it  is 
worthless. 


60 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Marc 


For  years  this  journal  has  stood 
quite,  or  almost  alone  in  its  advocacy 
of  the  importation  and  thorough  test- 
ing of  Apis  dor-sata  in  America.  There 
is  but  one  way  to  actually  know  what 
the  result  would  be,  and  that  is  by 
practical  test.  We  learn  that  the  goA^- 
ernment  may  take  hold  of  thi«  matter 
under  the  direction  of  the  Department 
of  Agriculture,  at  an  early  date,  and 
we  are  gratified  to  have  the  prospect 
of  some  real  information  upon  the  sub- 
.iect.  Promoters  of  tlie  enterprise  at 
Washington,  chief  of  whom  is,  pet- 
haps.  Prof.  Benton  himself,  are  deserv- 
ing of  the  highest  praise.  Now  listen 
for  "-sparrows." 

No,  fellow  bee-keeper, ,  let  us  not  de- 
cry progression.  Advancement  is  the 
order  of  the  day.  Don't  discourage 
those  who  are  enterprising,  even  if 
yoiar  personal  preference  is  for  stay- 
ing in  the  rut.  Actual  knowledge 
comes  to  tlie  investigator.  Occasional 
failures  are  preferable  to  doing  noth- 
ing. Notwithstanding  the  boasted 
achievements  of  apiculture,  it  is  far 
from  being  at  the  head  of  the  list 
among  the  arts  or  trades  of  the  world. 
Activity — active  minds  and  active 
muscles — i«  our  greatest  need.  If  we 
are  disinclined  to  participate  our- 
selves, let  us  at  least,  appreciate  the 
efforts  of  those  who  will,  and  are  do- 
ing something  in  beedom. 


THEY  KNOW  US  NOW. 

Several  years  a'go  the  editor  of  a 
contemporary  bee  journal,  wrote  to  a 
contriliutor  with  whom  the  American 
Bee-Keeper  had  arranged  for  a  series 
of  ai'ticles.  and  endeavored  to  im- 
press upon  him  a  realization  of  the 
fact  C?)  that  it  wa>s  a  shameful  wa.ste 
of  talent  for  him  to  be  wi'iting  for 
any  other  than  one  of  the  only  (?) 
three  bee  .ioiumals  of  America  that 
commanded  recognition.  Of  course, 
the  young  .loiu-nals,  to  which  class  the 
American  Bee-Keeper  belonged,  could 
not  long  survive  in  competition  with 
the  three  established  and  leading 
lights  in  the  realm  of  apiarian  .iournal- 
ism,  and  such  good  stuff,  as  our  con- 
tributor was  writing  for  The  Bee- 
keeper, ought  to  appear  in  join-nals  of 
wider  circulation,  to  say  the  least.  .  It 
7'eally  ought  to  be  piiblished  only  in 
tlie  one  great  organ  of  beedom.  but,  it 
appeared,  the  -sin  would  not  be  un- 
pardonable if  it  should  be  published 
in  either  of  two  others. 

In  point  of  quality,  The  Bee-Keeper 
would  invite  a  comparison  of  matter 
published  this  month,  with  that  of  any 


issue  gotten  out  by  our  contempora 
during  the  last  year  or  so.  We  shou 
not  mind  comparing  subscription  lis 
either. 

If  not  at  that  time,  the  Americi 
Bee-Keeper  believes  it  may  now  just 
claim  universal  recognition,  and  a  c 
gree  of  popularity,  both  in  Ameri 
and  in  foreign  countrie-s,  which  coi 
pares  favorably  with  that  of  any 
our  esteemed  coworkers. 

Much  credit  is  due  our  correspor 
ent-s    for    this    gratifying   condition 
affairs;  and  the  credit  is  acknowlec 
ed  Avith  gratitude. 


FROM  THE  FARM  PAPERS 
The  American  Bee-Keeper  has  ( 
casionally  called  attention  to  the  i 
surdity  and  ludicrousness  which  chj 
acterize  the  "average"  apiarian 
formation  put  forth  by  the  genei 
agricultural  press  of  the  United  Stat 
Generally  speaking,  it  is  unsafe  for  1 
beginner  to  adopt  information  fr< 
this  source,  owing  to  the  uncertair 
of  its  practicability.  The  editor  of  1 
^lodern  Farmer  and  Biisy  Bee,  who 
a  thoroughly  practical  and  experienc 
apiarist,  is  an  adept  at  detecting  th( 
weaknC'Sses  of  oiir  agricultural  frien 
and  at  sifting  their  wisdom  (?)  I 
following  are  examples: 

FEEDING  SYRUP  IN  JANUAR" 

Here  is  what  we  find  in  the  Jai 
ary  fourth  issue  of  Coleman's  Ru 
World: 

"Feed  the  bees  that  lack  natu 
stores  at  this  season.  A  syrup  of  gn 
ulated  sugar  and  water,  about  the  o 
sistency  of  thin  honey,  should  be  : 
a-s  fast  as  the  bees  can  store  it  away 

"To  winter  well  a  queen  should  i 
be  over  two  years  old." 

The  fellow,  Avho  is  fool  enough 
follow  this  advice,  will  not  have  a 
bees  to  feed  A-ery  long.  Wonder 
that  2-year-oid  queen  should  hs 
short,  crumpled  horns,  or  long  on 
like  a  Texas  steer?  What  donk* 
some  of  these  agricultural  bee  writ 
make  of  themselves! 

SUNK   TEN   THOUSAND    DOLLA 
IN  BEEiS. 

A  writer,  in  the  Farmer's  Voice, 
•speaking  about  agricultural  failur 
says:  "We  have  walked  over  a  fa 
in  Kentucky  where  .$10,000  was  au 
in  bee  keeping  by  a  man  who  coi 
command  .$2,400  per  year  in  an  offic 
We  would  be  glad  to  have  our  exc 
lent  exchange  tell  us  where  that  fa 
is    located,    and   where   the    man   w 


i 


Oo. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


61 


iiimitted    this    unparalleled   piece    of 
lly  is.     If  he  is  dead,  we  want  to  see 
•  It    a    proper    iiionumeut    is    erected 
,{'!•  Ills  grave.    If  lie  i^s  alive,  we  want 
see  that  the  "fool-killer"  does   not 
.me     his     way,     for     fear     of     what 
1  gilt  happen.     To  be  frank,  we  shall 
1  \e  to  put  this  down  as  another  "fish 
Miy,"   unless   our   neighbor   can    pro- 
ne the  facts  and   figures  and  point 
( I  the  man.     We  doubt  if  any  man  in 
■ntucky    ever    had    one-fourth    that 
Ml     invested    in    the    bee    business, 
nil    less   lost   it   all   before   he   dis- 
(rered   he   was   in   a   business    about 
Mich  he  knew  nothing. 


The  result  of  the  National  election  is 
yet  unknown,  probably  owing  to  the 
illness  of  Secretary  Brodbeck,  of  Los 
Angeles. 

Honey  and  Beeswax  Market. 


I'FERSON   COUNTY,   N.   Y.,   BEE- 
KEEPERS'  CONVENTION. 

riie  Jefferson  County  Bee-keepers' 
Niety  held  its  annual  meeting  at 
Vitertown,  N.  Y.,  .January  ITth.  Ow^- 
\:  to  cold,  stormy  weather  and  bad 
nils,  the  attendance  was  not  very 
1  -e.  but,  if  enthu-siasm  counts  for 
;\|]iing,  the  meeting  was  a  success. 

(■  illustrated  lecture  in  the  evening, 
1  General  Manager  France  and 
liber  Root,  was  worthy  of  a  large 
;i  lionce  and  was  appreciated  by  those 
Mil  attended.  Glad  to  state  that  we  or- 
Miized  the  St.  LaM^rence  County  Bee- 
Icper's  Society  at  this  meeting,  and 
\  added  14  new  members  to  our  list. 
lAvas  voted,  to  have  the  paper,  by  A. 
/  French,  Black  River,  N.  Y.,  Route, 
'  "W    to    Successfully    Run    an    Out- 

i.iry  for  Comb  Honey,"  published  in 
11. 

Geo.  B.  Howe,   Sec. 

Black  River,  N.  Y. 


A'hen  writing  for  rates  and  adver- 
tng  information,  under  date  of  Peb- 
riry  12,  Mr.  Thos.  Worthington. 
Ijta.  Miss.,  who  has  for  some  time 
M  a  card  in  our  Queen  Directory, 
'^■.<:  "I  find  that  it  pays  to  advertise 
V  h  you."  A  trial  of  The  Bee-Keeper 
ii  lost  always  brings  such  expressions 
f'm  advertisers.  That's  the  way  to 
"id  out." 

Another  bee  season  is  at  our  thresh- 
f  ■  "What  shall  the  harvest  be?" 
1e  "man  and  management"  are  fac- 
t  s  which  enter  into  a  solution  of  the 
P)bleni,  as  well  a-s  other  conditions. 
I  ve  you  laid  your  plans? 


iVhen  the  bee^s  have  shown  up,  and 
t '  number  of  colonies  may  be  ascer- 
tned,  the  necessary  stock  of  supplies 
f  the  season  should  be  decided  upon 
•  1  secured  accordingly.  The  time  for 
I  pa  ration  is  not  long. 


Chicago,  Feb.  8— The  trade  in  honey  is  still 
below  the  normal  in  volume  with  prices  un- 
changed except  that  the  pressure  on  the  part 
of  holders  to  realize  is  more  urgent.  Fancy 
white  comb  honey  12^c.  at  13c.,  No.  1,  12c., 
off  grades  10c.  at  lie.  Extracted  white  6c. 
at  7c.,  according  to  flavor,  quality  and  pack- 
age. Anything  off  is  lower,  amber  grades 
5Hc.  at  6Hc.  Beeswax  30c.  if  clean  and  good 
color.  R.   A.    Burnett    &   Co., 

199  So.  Water  St. 

New  York,  Jan.  16.— There  is  a  plentiful 
supply  of  honey  of  all  grades,  with  a  dull  de- 
mand and  prices  declining.  We  quote  our 
market  today:  Comb,  9  to  14c.  per  pond,  ac- 
cording to  quality.  Extracted,  5  to  6^c. 
Beeswax,  29c.  Hildreth   &   Segelken. 

Denver,  Jan.  18.— The  demand  is  light  but 
some  signs  of  improvement.  We  quote  our 
market  today.  Comb,  No.  1  white,  per  case 
$2.50.  No.  2.  $2.25.  Extracted,  6  3-4  to  7  l-2c.' 
Beeswax,  22  to  25c. 

Colorado  Honey   Producers'   Ass'n. 

1440  Market  St. 

Cincinnati,  Feb.  17.— The  demand  for  honey 
at  the  present  time  is  like  business— frozen. 
Nevertheless,  we  are  looking  forward  to  a 
brighter  future.  We  quote  amber  extracted 
i?r,^.^''''^'®  ^"^  '^^"^  ^^  ^  3"d  6Kc.  respectively 
White  clover  at  7  to  8c.  The  conditions  of  the 
comb  market  are  aught  but  encouraging,  ow- 
ing to  the  vast  amount  of  Western  comb 
honey,  that  is  being  consigned  at  almost  any 

^"i^o"      }Y^    ^^°*^    ^^^^y    ^'^^te    comb    honey 
at  12  to  13c.,  with  but  few  sales.     Beeswax  27c 

IM         r-,     „r   .  ^'^^^     ^'■^'^    W.     Muth    Co. 

No.  51  Walnut  St. 


Boston,  Feb.  8.— Sales  of  honey  still  con- 
tinue light,  principally  on  account  of  the  ex- 
treme cold  weather  which  we  are  having.  On 
account  of  the  large  stocks  in  hand,  prices 
that  we  have  quoted  are  shaded  in  round  lots 
Fancy  white,  15  to  16c.;  A  1,  15c.  No.  1,  14c  • 
extracted  from  6  to  7c.,  as  to  quality. 

Blake,  Scott  &  Lee  Co. 


ten 


deve\ov6^  V>vj  n\»^&e\s  jot 
\\o\\te,!>\^fc\\\.S,  ov\  aw  eiv^v^ 

X\\u\  woi  \\uvc  one  yjoutitl)? 

5'.  ^.  h.\\^U<TMVpvevte,T\a. 


ONE-HALF  INCH  SPACE  ONE  YEAR  ON  THIS  PAGE,  $3.00. 


THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Walnut  St., 
1  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Standard  Bred  Red 
Clover  Three-banded  Queens,  Golden  Italians, 
and  Carniolans.  Safe  arrival  guaranteed.  Send 
for  circular. 


T 


HE  A.   I.   ROOT  CO.,  MEDi.xA,    OHIO. 
Breeders   of   Italian  bees  and  queens. 


r~\UEENS  from  Jamaica  any  day  in  the  year. 
V  Untested,  66c.;  tested,  $1.00;  select  tested, 
$LB0.  Our  qufeens  are  reared  from  the  very 
finest  strains.  Geo.  W.  Phillips,  Sav-La-Mar 
P.   O.,  Jamaica,  W.   I.  (5-5) 


DJ  KLOCHER,  Pearl  City,  111.,  breeder  of 
•  Fine  Italian  Bees  and  Queens  Our  stock 
speaks  for  itself.  Safe  arrival  of  all  stock  guar- 
anteed.    Free  iuforniation  .Jan.  6 

I  AWRENCE  C  MILLER,  BOX  1113, 
L  PROVIDENCE,  R.  I.,  is  filling  orders  for 
the  popular,  hardy,  honey-getting  Providence 
strain  of  Queens.   Write  for  free  information. 


/->  H.  W.  WEBER,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO, 
v-<.  (Cor.  Central  and  Freeman  Aves.) 
Golden  Yellow,  Red  Clover  and  Carniolan 
queens,  bred  from  select  mothers  in  separate 
apiaries. 


JOHN  M.  DAVIS.  SPRING  HILL,  TENN., 
J  has  greatly  cnlargeQ  and  improved  his 
queen-rearing  facilities.  Two  unrelated  Car- 
niolans and  a  dark  leather  Italian  lately  im- 
ported. My  own  strains  of  three-band  and 
golden;  "Moore's"  long-tongue;  Doolittle's 
golden;  all  selects.  Ccmiolans  mated  to  Ital- 
ian drones  when  desired.  No  disease.  Cir- 
cular free. 


QUIRIN,  the  Queen  Breeder,  has  an  ex- 
ceptionally hardy  strain  of  Italian  bees; 
they  wintered  on  their  summer  stands  within 
a  few  miles  of  bleak  Lake  Erie.  Send  for 
Free    Circular.      Bellevuc,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


WJ.  DAVIS,  1st,  YOUNGSVILLE,  I 
•      breeder     of     choice     Italian     Bees 
Queens.     Quality,   not  quantity,   is   my  mo 


QUEEAS  HERE.  We  are  still  asking'  yo 
Sive  us  your  trade.  We  sell  Italians.  Goli 
aud  Carniolans  at  7.5c  for  untested  and  $,.0( 
tested.  Prices  on  (luantlties  and  nuclei  upon 
plication. John  W.  Fharr,  Berclair,  'IV.xas.  ,1a 


o  WARTHMORE  APIARIES,  SVVAR'i 
O  MORE,  PA.  Our  bees  and  queens  are 
brightest  Italians  procurable.  Satisfac 
quaranteed.  Correspondence  in  Eng/ 
French,  German  and  Spanish.  Shipment 
all  parts  of  the  world. 


w. 


Z.  HUTCHINSON,  FLINT,  MI 
Superior  stock  queens,  $1.50  e 
queen  and  Bee-Keepers'  Review  one  year 
only  $2.00. 


\\/    W.     GARY     &    SON,     LYONSVIL 

'MASS.,  Breeders  of  choice  Italian 
and  queens.  Imported  Leather  and  Root's 
Clover  strains.     Catalog  and  price  list  fee* 


M 


CORE'S  LONG-TONGUED  STRi 
of  Italians  become  more  and  more  pc 
lar  each  year.  Those  who  have  tested  tl 
know  why.  Descriptive  circular  free  to 
Write  J.  P.  Moore,  L.  Box  1,  Morgan,  K"> 


p  UNIC    BEES.      All    other    races    are 
^    carded   after   trial   of  these   ^\„nderful  b 
Particulars    post    free.      John    Hewitt    &   ■ 
Sheffield,  England. 


IJONEY  QUiiENS  AND  BEES  for  sale 

extracted   300    pounds    per   colony   in  3 

Thos.    Worthington,    Leota,    Miss.        Aug. 


I  (^~  Under  this  heading  w^ill  be  inserted,  for  reliable  dealers,  two  lines  one 
i  year  for  $1.25.      Additional  words,   12c  a  word.     No  announcement  can 
be  accepted  for  less  than  one  year  at  these  rates._^ 


OHIO. 

COLORADO. 

CH.    W.    WEBER,    Freeman    and    Central 

ves.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio.      If    for    sale,   mail 

mple,    and    state    price    expected    delivered 

Ciiiicinnati.     If  in   want,   write   for   prices, 

id   state   quality   and   quantity    desired. 

(5-5) 

V^   are    always    in    the    market    for    extracted 

mey,   as  we  sell  unlimited   quantities.   Send 

a    sample    and    your    best    price    delivered 

re.    THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Wal- 

it  St.,   Cincinnati,   Ohio.                         (5-5) 

THE  COLORADO  HONEY  PRODUCERS' 
ASS'N,  1440  Market  St,  Denver,  Colo.        5 

ILLINOIS. 

R.  A.  BURNETT  &  CO.,  199  South  Water 
Street,    Chicago.                                          (5-5) 

fent=a=Word  Column. 


AH.  REEVES,  Dealer  in  Bees,  Bee-keepers' 
jpplies.  Root's  goods  at  Root's  Factory 
rices.  Send  for  Catalogues  and  Price  list, 
erch   River,    N,   Y.  May 

V.NTED — Every    reader    of    American    Bee- 
K'per    to    try    my    new    tomato.    The    largest 
er    grown.      Sample    package   of    seed    ten 
nts.  Edward  Day,  Florist,  Peckville,  Pa. 
3 


VMNTED — bees    and    hives,    cheap   for   cash, 
eo.    Ranch,   West   Orange,    N.   J. 


rcACCO  HEARTS— Many  have  them  and 
n't  know  it  Symptoms  are:  General  weak- 
^^,  stomach  troubles. -nervousness,  etc.  Ifs 
-V  10  stop  and  be  stmn!/.  Shakers'  complete 
iiH'i'o  cure  $1.00.  Satisfaction  guaranteed  or 
iH-y  returned.  Sluiker  Chemical  Co  ,  Station 
I  inclniiHti,  Ohio. 

A  \  TED —Correspondence  with  bee  keepers 
Mih  of  Pennsylvania,  east  of  Mississippi 
^r\^.  in  fiood  honey  localities  free  from  bee 
'  lasf's,  coMcerninvr  price  of  bees,  early  honey 
!\.  climate,  etc.  Chas  L  Todd,  Hartwick 
.■):iiin,ry,    N.  Y.  .5-2-lt 


A  TANDEM   BICYCLE  (for  man  and   lady) 

cost  J150,  in  first-class  condition,  was  built  to 
order  for  the  owner.  Tires  new.  Will  sell 
for  J25  cash.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Ad- 
dress J.  Clayborne  Merrill,  130  Lakeview, 
ave.,   Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


.\GENTS  WANTED  to  sell  advertising  nov- 
ties,  good  commission  allowed.  Send  for 
catalogue  and  terms.  American  Manufac- 
turing Concern,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


Are  You    Willing  to 
Pay  the  Postage? 

The  regular  price  of  our  large 
literary  magazine  is  25c.  a  year,  but  in 
order  to  arid  several  thousand  new 
subscribers  to  our  list  we  will  send  it 

One  Year,  on  Trial,  for  Only  J  2c, 

to  cover  cost  of  postage,  etc. 

THE  MONTHLY 

2126  Brainard  St.,       New  Orleans,  La. 


'IiCREASE"  is  the  title  of  a  little  book- 
1  Ly  Swarthmore;  tells  now  to  make  up 
^iter  losses  without  much  labor  and  with- 
<-  breaking  up  full  colonies;  entirely  new 
1  n.  25  cents.  Prospectus  free.  Address 
J   L.    Pratt,    Swarthmore,    Pa.  7-tf 

♦•►♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»»  ♦^-M-f^ 

tQUEENS  AND  BEES 

^'  Have  you  ever  tried  my  queens?    If  not,  I  should  be  glad  to 

1 1  have  you  do  so,  as  they  ar  e  as  GOOD  AS   MONEY  CAN  BUY, 

f  AND  1  GUARANTEE  PE  RFECT  SATISFACTION. 

^  I  have  three-banded  Italians,  Golden.s,  Cyprians,  Carniokins, 

I  Holy  Lands  and  Albinos.     Untested  of  either  race,  75  cents  each. 

♦-  Tested.  .$1.50  each.     Breeders,   .$3.00.     Contracts   made   for  large 

^  orders.     Two-framed  nucl  el  a  specialty. 

t  B.   H    STANLEY,  BEEVILLE,  TEXAS. 

^  l-5tf 


.>>^  '  -f-t-  r>"M-^-f >  i-^-H' 


Mullin 

Stamped  Steel  Bos 
Can't  Sin; 

IliintiniruiMl  FNliiiiir  Boa 
Auto  liuatK.  Motor  I>o:it»  <V:  liow  ISoii' 

Staunchly  built  of  strong:,  rigrtd  ste;l  plates,  with  air  chambers  in  each  end  like  a  life  boat.  Strongr^safi 
speedy.  Endorsed  by  all  leidi-ix  soortsmen.  "Get  There"  Duck  Boatsas  illustrated  *20.  Motor  P.o.us  161 
l'->  H.  P.,  .J13i;  l.S  ft., :)  H.  P.,  ••f'240.  Special  quotations  on  Auto  Bo,its.  Kvery  IJoat man  should  sei 
for  1  !»<».■>  Cataloyriie  which  showi  all  our  new  model ,  and  many  innovations  in  bnat  hull  dint;. 

The  W.  H.  Mullins  Co.,   (The  Steel  Boat  Builders)  Franklin  Street,  Salem,  Ohi 

Member  National  Association  of  Engine  and  Boat  Euilders. 


Read  This  and  Do  It  QuicK 

All  One       fThe    Modern    Farmer, 
Year   $1.40.      Green's   Fruit    Grower, 
I  Agricultural    Epitomist, 
Without       ")  The  Mayflower  and 
GleaDings      I  X?"   rieautiful   Flowering  Bulbs, 

I  Gleanings    in    Bee   Culture, 
80  Cents      l^  American  Bee-Keeper. 
Without  Gleanings  and  American  Bee-Keeper,  50c 
Good  only  a  short  time.     Address 

Modern  Farmer,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

Box  15.  The   clean  farm   paper. 


$300,000,000   IN   POULTl 

Do   you   know   that    the    government    cet 
of  1900  gives  the  value  of  the  poultry  in 
year  at  very  nearly  $300,000,000? 

Poultry  Success  ^pSS.t'rrMaSn' 

is  absolutely  indispensable  to  everyone 
ested  in  chickens,  whether  they  be  be 
ners,  experienced  poultry  raisers,  or 
keep  a  few  hens.  It  is  without  question 
foremost  poultry  monthly  in  this  coui 
and  readers  of  its  articles  on  pure  bred  cl:. 
and  their  better  care  and  keeping  have  c 
to  realize  that  it  is  plain  truth  that  "thei 
money  in  a  hen." 

Regular  subscription  price  50  cents] 
year.  Special  offers.  If  you  keep  chiC 
or  are  in  anyway  interested  in  them,  we 
send  POULTRY  SUCCESS  to  you  for 
year  for  introduction  for  25  cents  and 
free  a  large  illustrated,  practical  poultry  b  ' 
or  three  months'  trial  10  cents.  Sample 
free.      Address    today, 

POULTRY  SUCCESS  CO. 

Dept.  16, 
DesMoines,   Iowa.  Springfield,   C 


^LIN 


The  Marlin  Fire  Arms  Company 


The  Marli 

12  Gauge 

Take-Down  Repeater 

is  the  fastest  and  most  accurate  duck  g 
made.  It  combines  the  balance  and  ease 
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Book.     Free  with  Catalogue  for  3  stamps. 

42  Willow  Street 
NEW  HAVEN,  CO^■ 


MILLER'S 

Queen  Rearing 
System 

SUPERIOR  TO   ALL    OTHERS 


Used  Only  for 
I 

Providence  Queens 

Send  your  orders  now  and  remit  when 

Queens  are  ready,  thus  insuring 

early    delivery. 


NEW  CATALOG  ON  REQUEST 


LAWRENCE  C.  MILLER 


PROVIDENCE, 

Box  1118 


R.  I. 


Three    Months    for    ('nlv  ^0    Cents 


To 


Subsrribei 


THE 

VMERICAN  BEE  JOURNAL 

Establislied  in  1«01 

"  It  is  the  only  weekly  \>q^  paper  in  America, 
'hose  who  write  for  it  are  among  the  most 
xiensive  and  successful  bee-keepers  in  the 
orld.  Many  of  them  produce  honey  by  the 
>n,  and  make  money  at  the  business,  hence 
leir  experience  is  valuable. 

Among  the  Departments  Represented  in  the 
Bee  Journal  Are  These: 

.  Editorial  Notes  and  Comments;  Mis- 
cellaneous News  Items;  Contributed 
Special  Articles:  Opinions  of  Some  Ex- 
perts; Proceedings  of  Conventions;  Our 
Bee-Keeping  Sisters;  Mr.  Hasty's  After- 
thoughts; Dr.  Miller's  Answers  to 
Questions;  Honey  and  Beeswax  Mar- 
ket Quotations. 

Every  bee-keeper,  whether  having  one 
•lony  or  100,  should  read  the  old  American 
Be  Journal  every  week. 

Only  $1.00  a  year;  or  20  cents  for  a  trial  trip 
three  months,  (13  copies),  to  a  new   sub- 
riber.    Sample  copy  free.    Ask  for  it. 


\'^ 


isP 


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"The  American  Boy" 

rvlAQAZINE 

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BOVS  LIKE  IT  BECA  C/SS  IT  TREA  TS 

of  everything  Boys    are    Interested  in 

and    in    the     Wnv     that    Interests 

Th'rni. 


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and  their  boys  like  to  have  it,  because  of  its 
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ply them  the  wishy-washy  kind,  or  none  at 
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a  boy  out  of  a  /!<il-g>07vn  via?!." 

No  publication  for  young  people  is  paying 
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Union;  also  city  property  of  all  kinds  and 
stocks  of  goods  for  sale  or  exchange.  So 
that  anyone  looliing  for  a  home  or  a  loca- 
tion can  tiiid  anything  he  wishes  in  this 
Journal.  It  reaches  33.000  readers  every 
issue  and  is  one  of  the  best  advertising 
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seeker.  Advertising  rsites  2c  per  word~ 
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each  insertion.  Send  75c  and  we  will 
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Traer,  Tama  Co,  low  a 


(SvSTO\™  J^^HL 


i. 


We  have  about  300  copies  of  ba 
inunbers  of  The  Bee-Keeper  which  • 
should  lie  pleased  to  place  in  the  hai 
of  bee-keepers  who  are  not  now  si 
scribers.  If  you  will  write  us  h< 
many  you  can  thus  distribute  for 
we  shall  .uladly  forward  them,  a 
thank  you  for  the  courtesy. 


The     Favignanese    bee-keepers 
garded  the  want  of  pollen  at  the  : 
preach  of  spring  as  one  of  the  ch 
11  causes  of  dysentery  among  bees. 


.^ 


I  publish  and   reeoiiniiciKl  t»  joii 

THE 

Rural  Bee=Keeper 


The  best  all-round  50c  monthly  bee-jotir- 
nal  in  Araericj.  On  trial  three  mouths 
for  this  ad  with  10c.  Clubbed  with  this 
publication,  both  for  one  year  for  70c,  or 
send  us  25  cents  for  a  three  months'  trial 
and  your  name  and  address  on  2-line  rub- 
ber stamp;  self-inking  pad  25c  extra.  Or 
send  Jl  and  set  the  Rural  Bee  Keeper  and 
an  untested  Italian  Queen  Bee.  Sample 
copy  free.    Agents  get  liberal  terms. 


Putnam    Makes   Good   Bee    Kives 

and  sells  them  at  reasc  nable  prices. 
jS'ew  catalogue  now  ready.     Address 


W.  H.  PUTNAM 

T   DEPARTMENT  14-W      RIVER  FALLS.  WIS. 


National  Bee- Keepers'  Association, 

The  largest  bee-keepers'  society   in  the 
ivorld. 

Organized    to  protect    and  promote   the 
'nterests  of  its  members. 

Membership  Fee,  $1.00  a  Year. 

N.  E.  FRANCE,  Platteville,  Wis., 

General  Manager  and  Trea,sure. 


Fifty  Dollars  in  Gold  for  Three 
Cents. 

Send  us  on  a  postal  card  the  address  of  tea 
farmers.  We  will  send  each  a  copy  of  the 
"Agricultural  Epitomist"  and  solicit  their 
subscription.  We  will  send  you  the  paper 
three   months   free   for  your  trouble. 

To  the  person  sending  the  best  list  of  names 
we  will  present  $25.00  in  gold;  2nd  best,  $15.00; 
2rd   best,   $10.00. 

We  will  keep  an  accurate  record  of  the  num- 
ber of  subscribers  we  secure  out  of  each  list 
and  the  persons  from  whose  lists  we  secure 
the  greatest  number  subsribers  by  March  15, 
1905,  will  receive  above  prizes.  In  case  three 
ox   more  lists  produce  equal  results  we  reserve 

j  the  right  to  divide  the  fifty  dollars  equally  be- 
tween  them. 

I  Remember — Send  just  ten  names  from  one 
P.  O.  Do  not  send  names  of  children  or  peo- 
ple not  interested  in  farming.     We  give  away 

I  the  $50.00  in  order  to  get  select  lists  and  you 
cannot  get  your  share  of  it  unless  you 
chose  the  names  carefully. 

The  "Agricultural  Epitomist"  is  the  only 
agricultural    paper    edited    and    printed    on    a 

I  farm.  Our  six  hundred  and  fifty  acres  are  de- 
vr  to    practical    agriculture   and    fine    stock 

I     ./d  we  are  offering  hundreds  of  thoroughbred 

I  pigs   and  fancy   poultry  as   premiums   for  sub- 

1  scription  work.    A  pig  or  a  trio  of  poultry  easy 
to  get  under  our  plan.     Write  for  particulars. 
AGRICULTURAL  EPITOMIST, 
Spencer,  Ind. 


A  Boon 
For 


MtrKeerTs 


flow  we  make  our  hens  pay  400 
oer  cent,  profit,  new  system,  our 
own  metnod,  fiiU.y  explained  In 
our  Illustrated  Poultrv  Boob  which  contains 
Poultry  Reeperc'  Aco'tand  Eag  Record  showing 
gains  or  losses  eve:-  montn  for  one  year.  Worth  35 
rt«,  sent  to  you  for  1 »  c.  U  you  will  send  names  of  5 
Doultry  keepers  withyour  order.  Address, 
e.  b.  VIBUERT.  P.B.  56.  Clintonville.  Conn- 


The  Graham-Hyde  Bee  Co, 


We  have  Falconer's 


Falconer's  Bee=Keepers'  Supplies  tU^'^T^iJJi^oyerm^  the  entire  south- 

vestcrn  stales  and  Mcxicn.     Send  fur  special  catalog,  etc. 

^PPC    nnH    fliiPPnc     All  leading  races.      Bees  and  Nuclei  in  any  quantity  for  distant 

JCCS    ailU    V;UCCII»     shipments  a  specialty.    Send  for  circular  and  prices. 

HoneV    and    Wax     nought  and  soUl.      Honey   cans  in  season;    be    sure  and  get  our 

llir     Mot tft     '  "  ^'"^^^  everything  the  bee-keeper  needs  and  to  buy  his  products  in  return. 
JUl     JTIUIIU     Correspondence  earnestly  solicited. 

The  Graham-Hyde  Bee  Company 

SLCCESSORS  TO  THE  HYDE  BEE  SLPPLY  CO.,   SAN  ANTONIO,  TEXAS 


DON'T   KILLHalChance 


YOURSELF.  WASHING  TMi 

WAY,  BUT  BUY  AH  E  M   P  I   R  B, 

Vf  AS  HER,  rntk*eU«kt\0 
frailett  yooman  «a»  do  cm  or- 
dinary vatkimc  «n  «im  howr, 
without  wetting  h^r  handt. 
SampU  at%ehoUtaltpric4.  6»tisfftction  GTJ«ir«.nt«ed. 
No pav  until  tritd.  'Write/or  Illuitrated  Cataloff%» 
mi*aprieet  ofWringeri, Ironing  Tablet,  Clothtt  Re*U, 


Drying  Bart,  WaffonJaelci, lie.  ApentsWanted.  Lib- 
•nlTerma.  QaiekSalesI  Little  Workll  Bif  Pk^MI 
Addrt—.Tuu  Em  nsiWASBBX  C«.,  JaBMtowB.V.T. 

When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


3  and  5=Banded  Italian 
and  Carnioian  Queens. 

Say  friends,  you  who  have  support- 
ed us  during  the  past  season,  we 
desire  to  express  our  thanks  for 
your  patronage  in  the  past,  and 
respectfully  solicit  a  continuance  of 
your  valued  favors  through  the  sea- 
son of  1904. 

Our  queens  now  stand  upon  their 
merits  and  former  record.  We  are 
preparing  for  next  season,  and  seek- 
ing the  patronage  of  large  apiarists 
and  dealers.  We  do  not  claim  that 
our  queens  are  superior  to  all  oth- 
ers, but  that  they  are  as  good  as 
the  best.  We  will  furnish  from  one 
to  a  thousand  at  the  following 
prices:  "^"^sted  of  either  race,  $1; 
one  unte  d,  75c.,  5  for  $3.25,  10 
for  $6.  15  for  $8.25,  25  for  $12.50,  50 
for  $23.50,  100  for  $45. 
For  descriptive  circulars  address, 

JOHN  W.  PHARR,  Prop., 

New  Century  Queen  Rearing  Co.,  Ber- 
clair,  Goliad  Co.,  Texas. 

BEGINNERS. 

shou.d  haTC  a  copy  ot 

The  Amateur  Bee-keeper, 

a  70  page  book,  by  Prof.  J.  W.  Rouse;  written  es- 
pecially for  amateurs.  Second  edition  just  ou' 
Fir.st  edition  of  1,000  sold  in  less  than  two  year* 
Editor  York  says:  "It  i«  the  finest  little  book  pub- 
lished at  the  present  time."  Price  24  cents;  by 
Biail  28  cents.     The  little  book  and 

The  Progressive  Bee-keeper, 

(a  lire,  proeresw'Te.  2S  pape  monthly  journal  )  on* 
year  for  li.ic.  Apply  to  any  first-class  dealer,  or 
address 

LEAHY  MFG-  CO.,  Hisetoviie,  m.. 


Of  a  Life  Time 


Wanted  to  raise 
Belgians 


Send  for  particulars  and    sample  cop] 
of  the  only 

Belgian  Hare^ Journal 


Published  in  America 


Judge  R.  J.  FINLEy, 

227  Lamb  St  ,  MACON, 


^^B 


ill 


To  Subscribers  of 
THE  AMERICAN  BEE=KEEPER 

And  Others! 

Until  Further  Notice 

We  Will  Send  The 

Country 
Journal 

to  any  addrtiss  in  the  U.  S.  A.  on« 
year  for  1h  eents,  providing  yon 
w  iiition  .4iiKerican  Bee-Keeper. 

The    Country    Journal    treats   01 

^  arm,   Orchard   and   Garden,   Potll< 

ry  and  FaHhion.       It's  the  best  pa< 

v/>er  jirinted  for  the  price. 

Address 

The  Country  Journal, 

Allentown,  Pa. 
L'tf 


W.  M.  Gerrish.  R.  F.  D.,  Epping,  N.  H 
keeps  a  complete  supply  of  our  goods,  att 
Eastern  customers  will  save  freight  by  order 
ing  of  him. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  Co. 


The    Bee=Keepers'    Review 

can  help  you 

MAKE  MONEY 


Opportunities  for  making  money  out  of 
lee-keeping  were  never  greater.  If  the  bee- 
eeper  with  a  single  apiary,  from  which  he 
nakes  a  living  in  a  good  year,  and  nothing  in 

poor  year,  would  only  arouse  himself  to  the 

Changed   Conditions 

ecure  a  good  location,  if  not  already  in  pos- 
ession  of  one,  adopt  such  methods  as  will  en- 
ble  him  to  branch  out  and  manage  several 
piaries,  he  will  find  that  in  a  good  year  he  can 

Pile  up  Honey 

)n  upon  ton — enough  to  support  himself  and 
imily  for  several  years.  The  Review  is  help- 
ig  bee-keepers  to  accomplish  this  very  thing. 

The  First  Step 

I  making  money  as  a  bee-keeper  is  the  secur- 
ig  of  a  good  location;  and  the  Review  even 
jes  so  far  as  to  discover  anu  make  known 
5sirable,    unoccupied    locations. 

Get  Good  Stock 

Having  secured  the  location,  the  next  step  is 
lat  of  stocking  it  with  bees  of  the  most  desir- 
ile  strain;  and,  having  had  years  of  e.xperi- 
ice  with  all  the  leading  varieties  of  bees,  the 
iitor  of  the  Review  is  able  to,  and  does,  tell 
s  readers  where  to  get  the  best  stock.  Still 
rther,   the   Review  tens   how   to   make 

Rapid    Increase, 

)w  to  build  up  ten  or  a  dozen  colonies,  in  a 
ngle  season,  into  an  apiary  of  100  or  more 
lonies. 

Having  the  location  and  the  bees,  the  bee- 
eper  must  learn  how  to  manage  them  so  as 
be  able  to  establish  -m  out-apiary  here,  and 
other  there,  and  care  for  them  with  weekly 
.its — yes,  by  monthly,  or  even  longer,  visits, 
len  extracted  honey  is  produced.  It  is  in 
iching  bee-keepers   how  to  thus 

Control  S^v^arming, 

It  the  Review  has  been,  and  is  still,  doing 
1  best  work.  If  a  man  only  knows  how,  he 
'i^are  for  several  apiaries  now  as  easily  as 
1  once~~€ared  for  only  one. 


Having  secured  a  crop  of  honey,  the  next 
step  is  that  of  selling  it.  This  is  the  most 
neglected,    yet 

The  Most  Important  Problem 

of  succesful,  money-making  bee-keeping,  and 
one  that  the  Review  is  working  the  hardest  to 
solve.  So  many  men  work  hard  all  summer, 
produce  a  good  crop,  and  then  almost  give  it 
away.  The  Review  is  trying  to  put  a  stop  to 
this  "giving  it  away."  It  is  showing,  by  the 
actual  experience  of  enterprising  bee-keepers, 
how  the  leisure  months  may  be  employed  in 
selling  honey  at  prices  that  some  of  us  would 
call  exorbitant.  The  men  who  have  done  this 
tell  how  they  did  it. 

The  editor  of  the  Review  has  a  wide,  actual, 
personal  acquaintance  with  all  of  the 

Leading  Bee-keepers 

from  Maine  to  California,  and  is  thus  able  to 
secure,  as  correspondents,  men  who  have  scat- 
tered out-apiaries  widely,  managed  them  with 
little  or  no  help  and  made  money.  These  men 
are  able  to  write  from  actual  experience — they 
know  how  they  have  succeeded,  and  can  tell 
others. 

One  thing  is  certain,  if  you  are  a  bee-keep- 
ing specialist,  or  expect  to  become  one,  if  bee- 
keeping is  your  business,  you  can't  afiford 
not  to 

Read  The  Reviexir. 

It  will  lead  you  and  encourage  you,  and  fill 
you  with  ideas,  and  tell  you  how  to  do  things 
— show  you  how  to  enlarge  your  business  and 
make  money. 

The  Review  is  published  monthly  at  $1.00  a 
year;  but,  if  you  wish  to  become  better  ac- 
quainted with   it  before   subscribing. 

Send  Ten  Cents 
for  three  late,  but  different  issues,  and  the  ten 
cents  may  apply  on  any  suoscription  sent  in 
during  the  year.  A  coupon  will  be  sent  en- 
titling you  to  the  Review  one  year  for  only 
90   cents. 


W.    Z.    H  UTCH  I  NSON 


FLINT,      MICHIGAN 


^                     g     •                 is   gaining   ad- 

dunsninc  popuiiT litera*"- 

ry  family 

Are  You  Looking  for  a  Home? 

No  farmer  should  think  of  buying  land 
before  seeing  a  copy  of  THE  FARM  AND 
REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAL.    It  contains 
the    largest   list  of   lands   for    sale   of  any 
paper   published    in   Iowa.      Reaches   30,000 
readers  each  issue,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
advertising  mediums  to  reach  the.  farmers 
and   the   Home-Seekers   that   you   can    ad- 
vertise in.     For  75c.  we  will  mail  yoM  the 
Journal    for   1    year,    or    for   ten    cents    in 
silver    or    stamps    we    will    send    you   the 
Journal  2  months  on  trial.    Address, 

Farm  and  Real  Estate  Journal, 

TRAER,  TAMA  CO.,   IOWA. 

10-tf. 

...       ,.._         ......     MA<^AZINE. 

It  entertains  its  readers  with  good  short  stor- 
ies, sketches  and  poems  hy  the  most  famous 
authors  of  the  day  and  is  a  magazine  of  supe- 
rior merit. 

It  is  a  welcome  visitor  in  every  home. 

Price  25  cents  a  year. 

We  wish   to  haye  our  magazine  in  your 
vicinity  and  as  a  special  ofler  for  new  readers 
we  will  send  you 

Sunshine  for  1  Year  for  10c. 

Think  of  it.  less  than  one  cent  a  copy.    Can't 
you  act  as  our  agent  ? 

ADD.  MAYES  PUB.  CO., 
LOUISVILLE,        =          ENTUCKY 

\    Strawberries. 

Young,  healthy,   fresh,   vigor 
ous  stock  in  prime  condition  fa 
spring  planting. 

AH 

Leading 

Varieties 

MAGIC  RHEUMATIC  CURE 

It  absolutely  does  cure.     It  is 
not  a  CHEAP  remedy,  but  it  is 
a  CHEAP  cure.  Mark  the  distinc- 
tion! There  ace  a  thousand  rem- 
edies   to    one    cure.      This    is    a 
cure.    It  costs  $2  a  bottle  and  is 
worth  $20  to  any  sufferer.   Sold 
only  by  our  authorized  agents  or 
direct  by  us.    We  wil  send  pre- 
paid for  $2.00. 

Write  for  booklet.Agents  wanted. 

Write  for  prices  and  terms. 

MAGIC  CURE  CO. 

358  Dearborn  Street.       Chicago. 

MONROE    STRAWBERRY    CO 

Box  66  MONROE,  MICH. 

ALLOWED  ON  EARLY  ORDERS  POB 


LET     ME      SELL      OR     BUY     YOUR 


HONEY 


If  you  have  some  to  offer,  mail  sample  with  lowest  price  expected,  delivered 
Cincinnati. 


If^  IN    JMEKD 


state  quantity  and  kind  wanted,  and  I  will  quote  you  price.      I  do  business 

on  the  cash  basis,  in  selling  or  Hnyiug 

Full  Stock  of  Bee-Supplies,  the  best  made.     Root's  Goods  at  their  factory  prices. 

SEEDS  OF  HONEY  PLANTS. 


C.  H.  W.  WEBER, 


2146-48  Central  Avci  ' 
CINCINNATI,    OHIO!  | 


VGENTS  Wanted 


in  every  town  for  our 

Washing  Machines. 

You  can  double  your  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

id  they  sell  easily.     We  liave  sold  over   150,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years.      They 
e  cheaper  than  ever.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co. ,    Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


The  Iowa 

Horticultural 

Paper, 

Monthly, 
50  cents 
per  year. 

It  is  unique, 
planned  on 
original  lines. 

You  cannot 
be  up-to-date 
fruit  growing  unless  you  read  it. 

Balance  of   this   year  free  to  new 
( bscribers. 

THE  FRUITMAN, 
,  Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa. 


PATENTS 


Ipromptly  obtained    OR  NO  PEE.      Trade-Marks, 

I  Caveats.      Copyrights     and     Labels    registered. 

ItwENTT  TEARS'  PRACTICE.  Highest  references. 

I  Send    model,    sketch    or   photo,    for   free   report 

Ion     patentability.       All     business     confidential. 

I  HAND-BOOK  FREE.     Explains  everything.    Tells 

^ow  to  Obtain  and  Sell  1-atents,  What  Inventions 

Fill  Pay,  How  to   Get  a  Partner,  explains  best 

nechanical  raoyements,  and  contains  300  other 

objects  of  importance  to  inventors.         Address, 


H.  B.  WILLSON  &  CO. 


Patent 
Attorneys 
Box  288  Willson  BIdg.        WASHINGTON,  D.  G. 


BARNES' 

Foot  Power  Machinery, 

This     cut    represents    our 

Combined     Machine,    which 

is  the    best    machine    made 

for   use    in   the   construction 

of   Hives,    Sections,     Boxes, 

etc.   Sent  on  trial.   Send  for 

^Catalogue  and   Price   List. 

™.  W.  F.  &  J.  BARNES  CO., 

'^913   Ruby  St..  Rockford.  Ill . 


50    YEARS' 
EXPERIENCE 


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Designs 
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Anyone  sending  a  sketch  and  description  may 
quickly  ascertain  our  opinion  free  whether  an 
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sent  tree.  Oldest  agency  for  securing  patents. 

Patents  taken  through  Munn  &  Co.  receive 
special  notice,  without  charge,  in  the 

Scientific  Jlinerican. 

A  handsomely  illustrated  weekly.  Largest  cir- 
culation of  any  scientific  journal.  Terms,  $3  a 
year  :  four  months,  $1.    Sold  by  all  newsdealers. 

MUNN  &Co.36iBroadway.  New  York 

Branch  OflBce.  625  F  St..  Washington,  D.  0. 


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Published  the  First  of  Every  Month 

and    Circulates    in    Every 

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trial  for  I5e.     Address, 

THR  DIXIE   HOMESEEKER, 
West  Appomattox,  Va        tf 


^WE  WERE  AWARDED  A= 


GOLD  MEDAI 

ON  OUR  BEE-KEEPERS'  SUPPLIES 

A  T      S  T.      LOUIS,      190 

Also  at  Paris  Exposition,  1899,   and  Trans-Mississippi  Expositic 
at  Omaha,  1900.     Higest  awards  at   World's   Fair,  Chicago,   a.m 
the  Pan-American  Exposition,  Buffalo. 

Root's   Goods   Are   Prize   Winners    and  Are    Sold    t 

World  Over. 


Assiniboia 

Austria 

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Brazil, 

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China 

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Jamaica    M 

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Natal 

Norway 

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Russia 

Rhodesia    ', 

Scotland     '] 

Siam 

Spain 

Sweden 

Syria 

Tasmania 

Trinidad     -^ 

Vaal  River  I 

Venezuela 


In  all  States  and  Possessions  of  the  United  States  i 
Provinces  of  Canada. 


0-CL3?     GSb^Sb±Og     ±OJO     IQO 

is  now  ready.    If  you  wisha  copy  at  once  drop  us  a  postal.     It  takes  som 
time  to  print  and  mail  to  our  list  of  250,000   bee-keepers. 

THE  A  L  ROOT  COMPAN 


BRANCHES: 
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Philadelphia,   Pa.,  10  Vine  Street. 
New  York  City,  N.  Y.,  44  Vesey  Street. 
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Mechanic  Falls,   Maine. 


BRANCHES: 
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San  Antonio,  Texas,  1322  So.  Flores  Si 
Washington,  D.  C,  1100  Maryland  Av 
Havana,   Cuba,  Obrapia  14. 
Kingston,  Jamaica,  115  Water  Lane. 


APRIL 


ntered  at  the  Postoffice,  Fort  Pierce,  Rla^  as  second-class  mail  matter. 


Homes  in 

Old  Virginia. 

It  is  gradually  brought  to  light 
that  the  Civil  war  has  made  great 
changes,  freed  the  slaves,  and  in 
consequence  has  made  the  large 
land  owners  poor  and  finally  freed 
the  land  from  the  original  owners 
who  would  not  sell  until  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  There  are  some 
of  the  finest  lands  in  the  market  at 
very  low  prices,  lands  that  produce 
all  kinds  of  crops,  grasses,  fruits, 
and  berries;  fine  for  stock.  You 
find  green  truck  patches,  such  as 
cabbage,  turnips,  lettuce,  kale, 
spinach,  etc.,  growing  all  the  win- 
ter. Th  J  climate  is  the  best  all  the 
year  around  to  be  found,  not  too 
cold  nor  too  warm.  Good  water. 
Healthy.  Railroads  running  in 
every  direction.  If  you  desire  to 
know  all  about  Virginia  send  10c. 
for   three    months    subscription    of 

the   VIRGINIA   FARMER  to 

Farmer  Co.,  Emporia,  Va. 

When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


ABATH-iV. 

yh^r       UMPIRE 
taken  in  an  "       Portable 

Folding  BATH  TUB. 

Used  in  any  room. 
Agexts    Wanted. 
Catalogue  Free. 
,  THt   EMPIRE 
^WASHER  CO., 

jAMESTOWN,N.r, 


SHINE! 

The  Empire  Washer  Company,  Jamestown, 
N.  Y.,  makes  a  Shine  Cabiret,  furnished  with 
foot  stand,  blacking,  russet  dressing,  shoe 
rubber— in  fact,  all  articles  and  materials  need- 
ed to  keep  shoes  looking  their  best — -nd  it  is 
made  to  be  fastened  to  the  wall  of  the  toilet 
room  or  kitchen.  It  does  away  with  the  vexa- 
tious searching  alter  these  articles  which  is 
altogether  too  common.  A  postal  will  bring 
you  details  of  this  and  other  good  things. 


THE  NEBKASKA  FARM  JOURHi  ^ 
A  monthly  journal  devoted  to  ag  ■-^ 
cultural  interests.  Largest  cireulatlil 
of  any  agricultural  paper  in  the  w«  t 
It  circulates  is  Missouri,  Kansas,  I^ 
brafika,  Iowa  and  Colorado. 

C.  A.  DOUGLASS, 
Itf  Lincoln,  Neb 


THE  DIXIE  HOME  MAGAZIf 

10c  a  year.  Largest.Brlghtest  and  Finest  lllustn 
Magazine  In  the  World  for  10c  a  year,  to  In 
duce  It  only. 

It  is  bright  and  up-to-date.  T« 
all  about  Southern  Home  Life.  It 
full  of  fine  engravings  of  grand  sc , 
ery,  buildings  and  famous  peoi 
Send  at  once.  10c.  a  year  postp; 
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Money  back  if  not  delighted.  Stan 
taken.    Cut  this  out.    Send  today. 

THE  DIXIE  HOME, 

1005,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
Wheu  writing,  mention  the  Am.  BeeKeepe; 


One  year  fre 
quickly  iul 
duce   it. 


Big  Magazine 

prefer  it  to  Harper's,  Munsey's,  Ladies'  H 
Journal  or  McClure's.  Send  10  cents  to  ) 
pay  postage.  AMERICAN  STORIES,  Dept. 
D.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mi  h 


MAPS. 


A  vest  pocket  Map  of  your  Sts 

New  issue.  These  maps  show 
the  Counties,  in  seven  colors, 
railroads,  postoffices  —  ana  ma 
towns  not  given  in  the  postal  gu 
— rivers,  lakes  and  mountains,  w 
index  and  population  of  counti 
cities  and  towns.  Census — it  gi' 
all  official  returns.  We  will  se 
you  postpaid  any  state  map  j 
wish  for 


20  cents 


(silver). 


JOHN  W.   HANN, 

Wauneta,  N' 


k- 


Bee    H  i ves 
Sections 

EVERYTHING 


THAT  IS  USED  BY  BEE-KEEPERS  CAN  BE 
PROCURED  OF  US  AS  CHEAPLY  AS  ANY- 
WHERE, AND  WE  KNOW. 

Our  Goods  are  Superior 

BOTH  IN  MATERIALS    AND    WORKMAN- 
SHIP TO  THOSE  OF  ANY  COMPETITOR. 

One   Trial   Will   Convince   You 

THAT'S  ALL  WE  ASK.  WE  KNOW  YOU 
WILL  NEVER  BUY  OF  ANYBODY  ELSE. 

Our  new  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list  is  now 
ready.  Send  for  one  on  a  postal  card. 


The  W.  T. 
FALCONER  IVIANFG.  CO., 

JMMESTOW^',  N.  Y. 


J 


Arc  You    Willing  to 
Pay  the  Postage? 

The  regular  price  of  our  large 
literary  magazine  i«  25c.  a  year,  but  in 
order  to  add  several  thousand  new 
subscribers  to  our  list,  we  will  send  it 

One  Year,  on  Trial,  for  Only  J  2c, 

to  cover  cost  of  postage,  etc. 

THE  MONTHLY 

212G  Brainard  St.,       New  Orleans,  La. 


We  Want  You 


To  become  a  subscriber  for  the  West- 
ern Bee  Journal,  and  make  the  fol- 
lowing offer:  To  every  person  send- 
ing us  $1.00  not  later  than  May  1.  190.5. 
■we  will  send  the  Western  Bee  .Tour- 
NAL  one  year,  and  also  send  a  fine 
Adel  Queen  free,  jis  a  premium. 
These  queens  are  reared  in  California 
by  an  e.xpert  queen  breeder  especially 
for  us,  and  we  consider  them  the  best 
race  of  all.  An  Adel  queen  alone  is 
worth  SI. 00,  so  it  can  be  seen  that  we 
are  giving  $2.00  in  value  for  $1 .00  in  cash. 
These  queens  will  be  sent  to  new  sub- 
scribers as  .-.ooD  as  they  are  ready,  un- 
less otherwise  ordered. 

Send  lOc  for  three  (back  number) 
sample  copies — none  free.  Jf-  ^  ,^ 


Western  Bee  Journal 

p.  F.  Adclsbach,  Editor  &  Publisher 
KiNGSBUKG.  California 


AUSTRALIANS. 


NOTE  the  address 


Pender  Bros., 

WEST  MAITLAND, 
New  South  Wales,       Australia. 


The  largest  manufacturers  of    Beekeepers' 
Supplies  in  the  Southern  Hemisphere, 
and    publishers    of   the    AUSTRALASIAN 
BEEKEEPER,   the  leading  bee  journal  south 
of  the  equator. 

Sample  copy  and  64-p«£:c  eatalocue,  FREE 

6-tf 


Nearly  loo  pages  contained  in  our 
new  1905  catalog.     Send  for  one. 


BEWARE 

where:  you  buy  your 

BEEWARE 


Iwatchtown, 


WIS! 


MAKES  THE    FrNEST 


G.  B.  LEWIS  CO., 
WatertowD,  Wis. 


Send  for 
Catalog. 


IF  YOU 

WANT  TO  GROW 

Vegetables,  Fruits  and  Farm 
Products  in  Florida  subscribe 
for  the  FLORIDA  AGRICUL- 
TURIST. Sample  copy  sent 
on  application. 

E.O.  Painter  Pub.  Co. 


JACKSONVILLE,  FLORIDA.   » 


* 


Read  This  and  Do  It  Quid 


All  One 
Year  $i.40. 

Without 
Gleanings 
80  Cents 


The    Modern    Farmer, 
Green's   Fruit  Grower, 
Agricultural   Epitomist, 
■\  The  Mayflower  and 

Ten  Beautiful  Flowering  Bulbl 
Gleanings   in   Bee  Culture, 
^American  Bee-Keeper. 
Without  Gleanings  and  American  Bee-Keeper,  50 
Good  only  a  short  time.     Address 

Modern  Farmer,  St.  Joseph,  Mc 


Box  15. 


The  clean  farm  paper. 


l| 


■•ki. 


WANTED 


Comb  and  Extracted 
Honey  on  commis- 
sion. Boston  pays 
good  prices  for  a  fancy 
article.  J-^^J'^J-j' 

F.    H.    FARMER, 

182  Friend  Street,    Boston,  Mass. 


A  Fountain  Pen 


AND     THE 


American  Bee-Keeper 

For  Only  Ninety  Cents 

Ve  have  made  a  contract  with  the  makers 
<  a  first  class  Fountain  Pen  by  which  we 
<]i  give  one  of  these  pens  with  the  AMER- 
]|AN  BEE-KEEPER  a  year  for  only  90 
cuts. 

'he  Pen  is  14k  gold  and  first  class  in  every 
^>'.  It  is  worth  $2.00  alone.  If  you  wish  to 
t  e  advantage  of  this  offer  we  will  accept 
siscriptions  for  1906  from  present  subscrib- 
e .     Address 

:ie  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 
Falconer,  N.  Y. 


20  per  cent.  Profit 

'ineapples,  Oranges,  Grape  Fruit 

N<e    a    Specialty    for    Non-Resident    Owners 
and  Intending  Settlers  in  the 

L  ely    Lake  Region   of  South    Florida. 

er  cent,  anniual  return  on  investment, 
ure  air,  pure  water,  no  mosquitoes.  High 
p:;  and  oak  land,  bordered  by  fresh  water 
la-s,  suited  to  all  citrus  fruits  and  pineapples. 
Gd  title.  Time  payments.  Address  for  de- 
Kptive  matter,  W.  E.  Pabor,  Manager  Pa- 
b-1  Lake   Pineries,    Avon    Park,    Fla.  tf 


CAVEATS,  TRADE  MARKS, 
COPYRIGHTS  AND  DESIGNS. 

I  Send  your  business  direct  to  Washington,  i 
saves  time,  costs  less,  better  service. 

My  office  close  to  U.  S.  Patent  Office.  FREE  preUmin-  i 
'  ary  examinations  made.  Atty's  fee  not  due  until  patent  ( 
'  is  secured.  PERSONAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN— 19  YEARS  ( 
[  ACTUAL  EXPERIENCE.  Book  "How  to  obtain  Patents,"  < 
I  etc.,  sent  free.  Patents  procured  through  E.  G.  Siggeri  ' 
> receive   special    notice,    without  charge,   in    the  ■ 

INVENTIVE    AGE; 

[Illustrated  monthly— Eleventh  year— terms,  $1.  a  year.  ] 
jlli  Ui  UlUULnU,WASHINGTbN,'D.  C.', 


HTf    If,    EINQHAI 
■^"'■J     has    made   all    the   im- 
'  provements  in 

Bee  Smokers  and 
Honey  Knives 

made  in  ihe   last  30  years,  undoubtedly 
he  makes  the  best  on  earth. 

Smoke  Engine.   4  inch  stove,   none  too  large,  sent 

postpaid,  per  mail $1  50 

6\u  inch 1.10 

Ivnife,  80  cents.  3  iuch 1.00 

2!^  inch 90 

r.  F.  Bingham,  ?'°"r*'w  •■;,■■■■,•■■    't 

.-  ..    ...    .  Little  Wonder,  2  in.     .65 

Farwell,  Mich. 

Patent  Wired  Comb  Foundation 

has  no  sag  in  brood  frames. 

Tliin  Flat  Bottom  Fomdatloa 

has  no  Fish-bone  in   Surplus  Honey. 

Being  the  cleanest  is  usually  worked  the 
quickest  of  any  foundation  made.  The  talk 
about  wiring  frames  seems  absurd.  We  furnish 
a  Wired  Foundation  that  is  Better,  Cheaper 
and  not  half  the  trouble  to  use  that  it  is  t« 
wire   brood   frames. 

Circulars    and    sample    free. 

J.    VAN  DEUSEN    <&  SONS, 

Sole    Manufacturers 

Montgomery  Co.,  Sprout  Brook,  N.  T. 


iEND  US  ONE  NEW  SUBSCRIBER, 

WITH  50  CENTS  FOR  ONE  YEAR,  AND  GET 

THE    AMERICAN    FARMER 

FOR  YOURSELF,  ABSOLUTELY  FREE  FOR  A   WHOLE  YEAR 

MERICAN  BEE=KEEPER,  Jaitiestown,N.  Y. 


WANTED 


EXTRACTED  HONEY. 


Mail  sample,  and  always  quote  lowest 
price  delivered  here.  We  remit  imme- 
diately upon  receipt  of  shipment. 


THE    FRED  W.   MUTH   CO., 

No.  51  Walnut  Street, 


References : 
German  National  Bank,  Cincinnati,  0. 
Any  Mercantile  Agency,  or  the  Editor. 


CINCINNATI,  O. 


-^♦♦♦♦♦f  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦4»»4»»4»»f»44»»»»»»»»»-»^ 


QUEENS  AND  BEES 


Have  you  ever  tried,  my  queens?  If  not,  I  should  be  glad  to 
have  you  do  so,  as  they  ar  e  as  GOOD  AS  MONEY  CAN  BUY, 
AND  I  GUARANTEE  PB  RFECT  SATISFACTION. 

I  have  three-banded  It  alians,  Goldens,  Cyprians,  Carniolans, 
Holy  Lands  and  Albinos.  Untested  of  either  race,  75  cents  each. 
Tested,  $1.50  each.  Breeders,  $3.00.  Contracts  made  for  large 
orders.     Tv?o-f ramed  nuci  ei  a  specialty. 

B.   H.  STANLEY,  BEEVILLE,  TEXAS. 
l-.5tf 


ALLOWED  ON  EARLY  ORDERS  EO 


LET     ME     SELL     OR     BUY     YOUR 


HONEY 


If  j'ou  have  some  to  offer,  mail  sample  with  lowest  price  expected,  delivered 
Cincinnati. 


I  P  IN   NBBD 


state  quantity  and  kind  wanted,  and  I  will  quote  you  price.      I  do  business 

on  the  cash  hiasis,  in  selling  or  hnying 

Full  Stock  of  Bee-Supplies,  the  best  made.     Root's  Goods  at  their  factory  prices. 

SEEDS  OF  HONEY  PLANTS. 


C.  H.  W.  WEBER, 


2146-48  Central  Av( 
CINCINNATI,    OHK 


Vol.  XV 


APRIL,  1905. 


No.  4 


CHAFF  FROM  THE  "  CHILLISQUAQUE  APIARIES." 


By  O.  C.  Fuller. 


THE  PENNSYLVANIA  CONVENTION. 


GENERAL  MANAGER  France 
says  the  Pennsylvania  State 
Convention  was  a  good  one.  I 
arise  to  confirm  that  statement,  and 
will  add  that  the  bee-keepers  of 
Pennsylvania  who  did  not  attend  this 
meeting,  missed  an  apicultural  treat 
that  was  well  worth  the  expense  of 
attending.  Much  credit  Is  due  the  of- 
ficers of  tlie  Pennsylvania  Bee-Keep- 
ers' Association  who  by  their  earnest 
labor  have  made  the  convention  a  suc- 
cess. The  bee-keepers  of  Pennsyl- 
vania do.  not  do  things  by  halves,  and 
with  such  men  as  Pres.  Surface,  Sec. 
Woods  and  the  efficient  executive  com- 
mittee at  Its  head,  the  association  is 
Ijouud  to  forge  forward  and  bring  our 
State  forward  to  the  place  she  ought  to 
pccupy  in  the  list  of  honey  producing 
States. 

How  to  Run  a  Bee  Paper. 

Mr.  Editor,  your  suggestion  in  an 
editorial  in  regard  to  lengthy  articles 
iust  .suits  me.  The  average  bee-keep- 
r  does  not  care  to  peruse  a  whole 
lage  or  perhaps  two  pages  of  a  jour- 
nal in  order  to  get  a  single  fact  out  of 
I  I'ong-winded  article,  drawn  out  as 
ong  as  a  "Waterbiu-y  watch  spring.  It 
plain  facts  that  the  bee-keeper 
vants,  not  a  lot  of  flowery  and  unim- 
)ortant  words  to  chaw  over  and  wear 
>ut  his  brain  in  the  attempt  to  dis- 
over  their  meaning.  Another  sug- 
gestion  might   be   offered.     That  less 


scientific  and  more  practical  matter  be 
printed  in  the  bee-papers.  We  see 
some  very  fine  scientific  articles  in 
some  of  the  bee  papers — in  fact  so 
fine  that  we  can  hardly  comprehend 
their  meaning,  and  from  which  the  be- 
ginner gets  but  very  little  information, 
and  about  which  the  average  bee- 
keeper cares  very  little.  Of  course 
these  scientific  articles  may  be  read 
and  enjoyed  by  many  advanced  bee- 
keepers, but  we  can  not  close  our  eyes 
toi  the  fact  that  many  beginners  are 
following  in  the  wake  of  the  advanced 
bee-keepers,  and  it  is  those  that  need 
more  practical  Information.  Science 
is  all  right  in  its  place,  and  we  must 
have  some  of  it  in  bee-keeping,  but  let 
us  have  a  good  sprinkling  of  practical 
information  mixed  in.  What  we  need 
is  something  that  will  aid  us  in  handl- 
ing our  bees  to  the  best  advantage  in 
honey  getting.  That  is  wnat  we  are 
most  interested  in  after  all. 

Burlap  for  the  Smoker. 

The  question  is  asked:  "What  is 
that  phosphate  sacking,  that  is  recom- 
mended for  smoker  fuel?"  I  believe  I 
can  answer  that  question,  as  I  live 
right  in  a  phosphate  sack  region.  It  is 
simply  burlap  made  into  sacks,  in 
which  commercial  fertilizers  are  sold 
to  the  farmers,  and  I  know  of  no  bet- 
ter material  for  smoker  fuel,  providing 
ing  it  is  properly  prepared.  I  get  all 
that   I   want  of  it   from   the  farmers. 


64 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEErER. 


April, 


for  the  asking.  To  prepare  them  for 
fuel,  the  sacks  .should  be  washed,  to 
cleanse  them  of  the  acid  and  lime  used 
in  the  fertilizer,  and  some  of  the  sacks 
are  treated  with  some  kind  of  chem- 
ical to  prevent  the  acid  from  destroy- 
ing them.  Such  sacks  will  not  burn, 
unless  thoroughly  washed.  Soaking 
them  in  a  running  stream  of  water  for 
several  hours  and  then  giving  them  a 
good  sousing,  and  hanging  up  to  dry, 
is  a  good  way  to  cleanse  them.  They 
should  be  cut  into  strips  about  two 
feet  long  and  four  or  five  inches  wide 
and  rolled  up  into  rolls,  when  they  are 
ready  for  u-se.  These  cartiridgos  work 
best"  in  a  muzzle-loading  .smoker. 
Licht  one  end  and  if  the  wind  is  blow- 
ing, hold  the  lighted  end  toward  the 
wind,  and  in  a  few  seconds  you  will 
have  a  good  fire  going,  then  just  stick 
it  into  your  smoker,  fire  end  down, 
close  your  smoker  and  you  are  ready 
for  busineS'S  with  a  volume  of  smoke 
that  will  put  a  whole  regiment  of  Jer- 
sey mosquitoes  out  of  commission. 
Soaking  in  a  solution  of  saltpetre  is 
not  necessary. 

Not  Foul  Brood. 
General  Manager  France  and  his 
sample  of  foul  brood,  at  the  Pennsyl- 
vania State  Convention  has  shown 
that  the  disease  among  the  bees  of 
Pennsylvania  is  not  foul  brood.  Be  it 
black  brood,  or  pickled  brood,  or 
some  other  new  disease,  the  fact  re- 
luains  that  it  is  very  contagious  and 
much  to  be  feared,  and  that  it  is  much 
more  rapid  in  its  work  of  destruction 
than  the  old-fashioned  foul  brood,  and 
that  it  will  not  readily  yield  to  the 
treatment  given  for  this  class  of  dis- 
eases. 


A  Handy   Cage. 

A  good  cage  for  caging  a  clipped 
queen,  when  a  swarm  issues,  is  made 
by  boring  a  two-inch  hole  through  a 
block  of  wood,  2  3-4x3  3-4x1  inch  to 
one  side  of  which  a  piece  of  wire-cloth 
is  tacked,  to  cover  the  hole,  and  the 
other  side  covered  with  a  tin  cover, 
made  to  slide  in  gi-oovos  similar  to  the 
Peet  cage  cover.  To  cage  the  queen, 
the  cover  is  removed,  and  the  cage 
placed  over  the  queen.  When  the 
queen  will  come  up  and  cling  to  the 
wire-cloth,  in  her  efforts  to  get  away; 
when  the  cover  can  be  replaced  and 
the  cage  set  on  the  bottom  board,  and 
leaned     up     against     the     hive     front 


awaiting  the  return  of  the  swarm.  I 
paint  the  tin  cover  white,  and  if  the 
sun  i&  shining  very  hot  against  the 
hive,  I  turn  the  cover  side  out.  or  fac- 
ing the  sun.  and  thus  protect  the , 
queen  from  the  heat  and  avoid  taking 
chances  of  having  the  queen  roasted 
to  death,  when  a  swarm  remains  clus- 
tered a  long  time  before  returning. 

Color  of  Honey  Affected  by   Condition. 
Mr.   Hasty,   in   American  Bee  .Jour- 
nal, is  afraid  that  somebody  is  going 
to  "shoot  off  his  mouth"  and  say  that 
late  honey  is  always  more  or  less  dark. 
No   use  storing   away    ammunition   tc 
shoot    back     at    him.       Forestall  thai 
movement,  and  shoot  at  him  at  once 
and  talve  him  unawares,  like  the  light 
ning  did  the  toad,  by  telling  him  tba 
climatic  conditions  and  the  characte. 
of  the  soil  have  something  to  do  wit) 
the  color  of  honey.    Even  clover  hone; 
varies  in  different  places  and  difl'eren 
season.s.     I  have  before  me.  .iust  no-\\ 
honey  gathered     from     goldenrod  am 
asters,  that  is  as  white  as  clover  hor 
ey  is  in  most  seasons  here.     With  u 
tile  late  honey  is  always  darker  in  dr 
.seasons  than  it  is  in  wet  seasons,  noi 
withstanding  ,T.  A.  Green's  skepticisi 
in    Gleanings,    Page    13.      That   hone 
varies  much  in  color  was  evident  Y 
samples  of  clover  honey  exhibited  ; 
the  Harrisburg  convention.     The  sar 
l)les  Avere  from  different  parts  of  tli 
United  States.  The  color  ranging  froj 
water  white  to  pretty  dark  amber, 
have  noticed  that  buckwheat  honey; 
always   thicker   and  darker   in   a  M 
season  than  in  a  wet  one.  No.  fire  tl| 
ammunition  at  him  before  he  thinl| 
of  shooting. 

If  the  manuf.acturers  are  .going 
make  the  Hoffman  frames  more  fO(| 
proof,  by  making  more  with  squa| 
edges  than  with  V  edges,  those  of 
that  don't  like  those  V's  will  not  haj 
to  lie  awake  any  more  nights  worrj 
ing  how  to  clean  out  those  litl| 
troughs  full  of  propolis  at  the  ends 
each  frame.  Those  V-edge  frames  al 
a  "tarnal"  nuisance  in  a  place  whel 
bees  gather  lai-ge  quantities  of  glij 
like  they  do  here. 

The  bees  seem  to  just  delight  in  fl 
up  those  little  troughs  with  iiropoll 
sticking  the  frames  together  into  a  s| 
id  mass,  that  can  hardly  be  separat| 
in  cool  weather  without  splitting 
breaking  some  of  the  frames. 
Turbotville.   I»a.,  .Jan.   14,  1905. 


1905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


65 


SIXTY      YEARS      AMONG      THE 
BEES. 


By  W.  J.  Davis,  1st. 

(Second  Letter,) 

THE  BUCKWHEAT  cake  of 
blessetl  memory  floui'islied  then, 
biit  it  was  always  preceded  by 
1  bountiful  flow  of  dark  honey.  Not 
ince  in  a  while,  but  every  year.  Now 
t  is  once  in  a  while.  No  dependence 
0  be  placed  on  a  harvest  of  honey 
pom  buckwheat.  But,  fortunately,  the 
lurple  aster  has  come  in  to  take  its 
ilace  as  fall  forage. 

Another  hive  used  along  in  the  fif- 
ies.  was  about  14  inches  square  and 
ix  inches  high,  with  holes  in  the  top 
or  .^torefying.  When  one  such  be- 
anie full,  an  empty  one  wa-s  placed 
nder  it  and  then  another,  as  circum- 
tances  seemed  to  demand.  The  up- 
er  ones,  when  full,  were  removed  and 
oney  strained  if  combs  were  too 
ark  for  table  use.    This  was  probably 

step  toward  what  is  now  known  as 
le  Heddon  hive.  Various  other  hives 
ere  devised  which  we  will  not  stop 
)  describe.  But  in  1860  the  Lang- 
"roth  movable  frame  hive  made  its 
ppearance  in  this  part  of  Pennsyl- 
ania.  I  bought  the  right  to  use  said 
ive,  and  a  new  system  of  manage- 
lent  was  inaugurated  and  a  wide- 
iread  interest  awakened  in  bee  cul- 
ire. 

In  .January,  1861,  the  American  Bee 
lurnal  made  its  appearance,  pub- 
^hed  in  Philadelphia  and  edited  by 
muiel  Wagner.     The  Dzierzon  theory 

parthenogenesis  and  the  Italian  bee 
ti-acted  attention.  But  the  sound  of 
ar  was  heard  in  the  land  and  the 
•St  publication  xyt  the  continent  de- 
ited  to  bee  culture  wa«  suspended 
itil  .July.  1866,  when  it  reappeared 
iim    the   city   of   Washington,    D.    C. 

is  not  my  province  to  speak  of  the 
erits  or  demerits  of  said  publication 

another  started  soon  after  in  the 
ty  of  New  York,  only  to  say  that  the 
tter  seemed  to  me  to  exist  only  to 
Ivertivse  what  was  known  as  the 
anerican  hive,"  upon  which  a  patent 
IS  granted  and  much  of  the  profits 

lich  .should  have  gone  to  the  bene- 

of  good  old  Father  Langstroth  was 
verted  from  its  proper  channel  and 

'  real  inventor  of  the  movable- 
ime  system  was  doomed  to  live  and 


(lie  without  receiving  the  pecuniary  re- 
ward which  his  great  di^scovery  en- 
titled him  to  receive.  I  will  give  a 
brief  description  of  said  hive,  for  I 
think  they  are  a  thing  of  the  past,  and 
would  be  surprised  to  learn  if  any  are 
in  use  at  the  present  time.  It  was  a 
movable  comb  hive,  that  is,  you 
could  get  the  frames  out  when  filled 
with  comb,  but  you  could  not  put  them 
back.  I  had  the  pleasure  (?)  of  ti-ans- 
ferring  the  contents  of  eight  or  ten 
such  hives  into  E  hives  about  35  years 
ago,  that  I  took  of  a  friend  in  ex- 
change for  some  Italian  colonies  in  L 
hives. 

I  desire  in  these  articles  to  give  to 
beginners  in  the  fascinating  pursuit 
of  bee  culture  as  much  information  as 
possible,  gleaned  by  60  years  of  actual 
experience  with  bees,  and  as  I  am  too 
old  for  flattery,  I  can  be  pardoned  for 
saying,  by  the  aid  of  reading  all  the 
standard  works  from  Dr.  Bevan,  (a 
writer  of  England)  through  to  Maurice 
Maeterlinck  and  several  journals  de- 
voted to  bee  culture,  I  repeat,  I  can 
be  pardoned  for  saying  that  I  have 
learned  some  things  but  not  all. 

I  receive  many  letters  running  about 
like  this:  "I  am  a  beginner  in  the  bee 
business  and  I  wish  you  would  tell  me 
how  you  would  do"  this  and  that,  and 
that  I  find  that  in  the  scope  of  an  or- 
dinary letter  a  man  can  not  give  very 
much  instruction.  One  man  in  Con- 
necticut says:  "I  wish  to  engage  in 
bee  culture.  What  time  would  you 
advise  to  buy  bees?"  My  answer  was 
in  the  month  of  April.  Bees  are  then 
lightest  in  stores  and  brood  and  are 
supposed  to  have  come  safely  through 
the  winter.  Second;  "What  kind  of 
frame  would  you  use?"  I  say  a  free 
hanging  frame  of  the  Langstroth  type. 
In  this  I  have  no  reference  to  length 
of  frame,  I  mention  this  because  a 
writer  in  a  late  issue  of  a  certain  bee 
journal  recommends  frames  with  top 
and  end  bars  1  1-2  inches  wide  and 
frames  fitting  close  together  both  at 
top  and  ends.  I  will  say  that  writer 
ma.v  like  such  frames,  you  will  not, 
Mr.  Novice.  I  heard  an  aged  man  once 
say  that  one  experience  is  better  than 
two  theories.  Kind  reader,  you  can  di- 
gest that  saying  at  your  leisure. 

Bee-Keeping  Not  a  Precarious  Business. 
About  45  years  ago  a   man  said  to 
me,  "How  long  have  you  kept  bees?" 
I  told  him  15  years.     He  straightened 


66 


THE     AMERICAN     BEE-KEEPER. 


April. 


himself  up  and  said  with  all  the  so- 
lemnity of  an  oracle.  "In  five  years 
you  will  not  have  a  bee."  "Why?"  said 
i.  He  replied,  "Because  I  have  known 
so  many  who  have  kept  bees  about 
that  long  and  get  as  high  as  100 
swarms  and  then  lose  them  all:"  He 
proved  to  be  a  false  prophet,  for  I 
have  not  been  without  bees  since. 
I  first  invested  60  years  ago.  But  if 
any  prospective  bee-keeper  thinks  he 
can  get  a  few  colonies  and  set  them 
down  in  some  fence  corner,  give  them 
no  attention  but  possibly  to  hive  the 
swarms  that  may  issue  and  expect  to 
make  a  fortune  from  them,  yoai  better 
invest  in  something  else.  But  I  will 
add,  that  bees  will  stand  more  neglect 
than  any  other  domestic  animal,  but 
with  intelligent  care  will  pay  better 
than  any  other  stock  on  cost  price, 
labor  and  expense. 

Again,  there  may  come  a  year,  or 
years  when  the  climatic  conditions 
may  be  such  that  the  honey  crop  will 
be  a  failure,  and  the  same  may  be  said 
of  any  other  crop  the  farmer  may  at- 
tempt to  produce.  Again,  if  any  one 
expects  to  become  a  millionaire  rais- 
ing bee*  and  honey,  I  really  wish  him 
success  and  I  will  be  ready  to  say 
there  is  one  who  has  become  rich  not 
at  the  expense  of  his  fellow  man.  For 
all  the  bees  collect  is  so  much  added 
to  the  great  storehouse  of  nature  that 
would  otherwise  be  "scattered  by  the 
winds  or  lost  on  the  ambient  air." 
The  Italian  Bee. 

From  1860  there  was  considerable 
said  in  the  agricultural  papers  about 
the  Italian  bees  and  several  Amer- 
ican bee  keepers  began  to  import  them. 
Among  the  number,  as  I  remember 
them,  was  Rev.  Langstroth,  Quinby, 
Colvin  and  Carey  and  possibly  others. 
In  May,  1866,  I  wrote  to  Richard  Col- 
vin, of  Baltimore,  as  to  the  purchase  of 
an  Italian  queen  bee.  He  replied  that 
he  was  booking  orders  for  queens  at 
$20  each,  but  thought  he  had  as  many 
orders  booked  as  he  woiild  be  able  to 
fill  that  year.  I  began  to  look  else- 
where. On  the  22d  of  July,  1866.  I 
received  two  queens  from  another 
source  at  a  cost  of  only  $12.  The  little 
queen  (not  Italian)  that  presides  in 
the  hive  that  has  windows  and  doors 
and  whose  interests  were  identical 
with  mine,  remonstrated  some,  saying 
that  $12.00  was  a  big  price  for  two 
little  bees.  But  you  see,  I  had  the 
bee  fever  pretty  bad.  I  had  at  the  time 


60  colonies  of  black  bees  in  Langstroth 
hives.  I  introduced  both  queens  suc- 
cessfully and  reared  11  young  queens 
that  season  Avhich  met  black  drones. 
Mine  were  the  only  Italian  bees  in  the 
county  at  that  time.  According  to  the 
Dzierzon  theory  I  had  13  queens  that 
would  produce  pure  Italian  drones  in 
the  spring  of  1867.  In  that  summer  1 
Italianized  my  whole  apiary,  which  ir 
the  fall  numbered  120  colonies.  Mj 
method  of  procedure  may  be  of  inter 
est  to  some  beginners. 

I  went  through  my  black  coloniei 
about  twice  a  month  and  shaved  th( 
heads  oiff  of  the  capped  drone  brood 
having  first  reduced  the  drone  comb  t( 
the  minimum  and  had  but  little  troii 
ble  Avith  missmating;  and  what  I  ha( 
came  from  droves  of  bees  locatec 
within  two  to  five  miles  of  my  yard  a 
they  will  cross  at  the  latter  distanc 
I  happen  to  know.  I  had  an  out  ap 
ary  of  black  bees  five  miles  nortl 
Avith  intervening  wooded  hills,  an 
one  of  my  black  queens  mated  an  Ita' 
ian  drone  from  my  yard  at  home  n 
there  were  no  other  Italian  bees  in  th 

rTinn+V  T     liorl     n"5'-»'     ^r-i     +1">o     iiitvorlll. 

tion     of     Italian     bees     discovered 
should   say    observed)    some   very   ol 
.iectionable   traits   in    my   black    bee 
First,    they    did    not   properly    defer 
themselves  against  the  wax  moth.  Se 
ond,  in  attempting  toi  capture  a  qne( 
the  bees  would  either  fignt  or  rnn 
wild   confusion   up   over   the  sidps   < 
the  hive  or  out  at  the  entrance.    Tliir 
not    good    defenders    of  their   horn' 
from     the     attack     of     robber     beej 
Fourth,    a    proclivity    to    desert    the] 
homes  enmasse  in  the  spring  and  tl 
to  force  an  entrance  into  some  othf 
hive    already     occupied.       This    tral 
showed  most  plainly  in  the  month 
April,  when  the  bees  were  idle.     Tbj 
desertion  did  not  arise  from  any  bn 
condition  of  hive  or  comb,  for  som| 
times  it   would  occur  while  10  or 
pounds  of  good  honey  remained  in  tl| 
combs    with    brood    in    all    stages, 
development     and     combs     free  froj 
mould  or  any  other  ob.iectionable  fej 
ture.      If    I    returned    such    desertiil 
swarms  to  their  own  hives  they  wej 
sure   to   come   out    again    at   the  fill 
favorable  oiiportnnity.     The  only  w| 
I  could  successfully  manage  them,  wj 
to  remove  their  queen  and  compel  .t| 
bees  to  rear  another.  By  the  time  tl 
young  queen  would  be  hatched  th«l 
mania   for  deserting  would  be  cure! 


1905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEErER. 


67 


Then  the  proper  thing  to  do  was  tO'  kill 
the  young  queen  and  introduce  a  lay- 
ing one.  The  queen  removed  might  be 
kept  caged  in.  some  other  hive  while 
the  young  queen  was  being  reared,  but 
caging  her  in  her  own  colony  would 
do  no  good,  as  the  bees  wotild  swarm 
out  just  the  same. 

I  find  that  the  Italians  will  stick  to 
their  home,  even  a  small  swarm.  They 
seemed  to  me  to  say  they  would  die 
in  the  last  ditch  before  taey  would  de- 
sert their  babies  and  their  hiomes. 
They  *eem  to  have  confidence  in  them- 


my  Dianipulations  of  the  hive,  I  have 
for  years  discarded  the  use  of  bee 
veil  or  covering  for  my  hands.  But  I 
would  not  advise  the  inexperienced  to 
take  needless  risks.  Provide  yourself 
with  a  good  veil  and  good  smoker. 
When  forage  is  abundant,  black  bees 
work  all  right,  but  should  there  be  a 
scarcity,  blacks  will  remain  idle,  while 
Italians  will  make  their  living  and 
even  make  some  gain.  I  simply  speak 
my  own  experience.  I  may  or  may  not 
agree  with  others. 


Mr.  W.  J.  Davis  in  the   Apiary. 


'Ives  and  of  their  ability  to  make  a 
ving  if  oiitside  condtions  v/ould  but 
H-mit.  I  find  the  Italians  are  death 
'  the  wax  moths.  I  can  keep  empty 
)mbs  which  are  not  in  use  as  long 
'  I  please  in  my  home  yard,  and  the 
ist  summer  I  saw  but  one  moth  mil- 
y  (which  I  dispatched  at  sight.)  It  is 
ually  but  little  trouble  to  find  an 
alian  queen  in  a  populou.s  colony, 
ring  to  their  beautiful  appearance 
id  their  stately,  majestic  movements, 
so  the  gentleness  of  the  workers, 
lich  usually  remain  quiet  on  the 
rabs  while  being  handled,  and  in  all 


A  Home  Apiary. 
About  20  years  ago  I  established 
one  seven  miles  from  my  home.  Two 
railroads  between  the  points  afforded 
a  read}^  means  of  frequent  visits.  I 
built  a  house  12x16  feet  to  accommo- 
date .32  colonies.  It  was^  sided  with 
one-inch  V  siding;  floor  and  ceiling 
were  matched  flooring,  a  window  in 
south  end  and  door  in  north  end.  Fly 
holes  were  cut  through  siding  and 
alighting  boards  screwed  on  the  out- 
side, and  the  hives  set  on  inside  to  cor- 
respond with  fly  holes.  Hives  were 
unpainted  but  bee-house  well  painted. 


68 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


April 


with  good  shingle  roof  and  lock  on 
door.  The  hives  were  arranged  for 
storifying  and  I  put  on  30,  60  or  90 
sections  per  colony  as  circum.stances 
seemed  to.  indicate.  The  locality  had 
what  I  had  not  at  home,  the  benefit  of 
a  large  range  of  red  raspberry-blos- 
soms. The  only  labor  or  expense  of 
the  laud  owner  was  to  hive,  the 
swarm^s  as  they  came  off.  as  I  could 
not  be  with  them  much  in  vswarming 
time. 

A  verbal  agreement  between  Mr.  — 
and  myself  as  tO'  his  reAvard  remained 
unbroken  and  unqiiestioned  for  16  or 
17  years,  until  he  sold  his  jiroperty 
and  moved  from  the  place.  The  new 
man  knew  nothing  of  bees,  so  I  re- 
turned them  to  the  home  yard  and 
sold  the  building  to  be  used  for  other 
purposes.  But  the  enterprise  was  a 
success.  And  the  only  reason  I  give 
it  here  is  the  quite  prevalent  opin- 
ion that  house  apiaries  are  a  thing  of 
the  past,  and  indeed  as  they  used  to'  be 
made,  I  think  so  myself.  In  such  a 
building  as  I  have  hastily  tried  to  de- 
scribe, the  bees  and  honey  are  secure 
from  night  prowlers,  whether  beast  w 
human.  Cases  of  filled  sections  after 
removal  from  hives  can  be  piled  up 
where  it  is  kept  warm.  I  still  use  a 
smaller  house  away  from  home  that 
holds  but  20  colonies.  I  cannot  too 
highly  recommend  the  house  apiary  if 
properly  constructed,  and  especially  as 
an  out  apiary  and  where  the  bee-mas- 
ter can  secure  a  suitable  man  to  look 
after  the  swarms  that  may  issue. 

Before  the  inti'oduction  of  the  one- 
pound  section  I  used  a  small  frame 
made  of  one-fourth  inch  pine  lumber. 
The  frames  were  made  to  hold  one 
and  two  pounds  and  hung  oiu  rabbets, 
but  spread  a  little  wider  than  brood 
frames.  In  the  sixties  honey  in  such 
frames  brought  30  cents  per  pound. 
It  would  lend  a  charm  to  bee-keeping 
if  such  prices  could  still  be  realized. 
It  would  also  lend  another  charm  if 
the  prices  of  bees  and  queens  were 
about  what  the.y  were  a  third  of  a  cen- 
tury ago.  In  the  early  seventies 
there  was  a  brisk  demand  for  Ital- 
ian bees,  and  in  one  season  I  sold 
$1,200  worth  in  full  colonies  and  .$500 
worth  of  Italian  queens.  I  used  100 
nucleus  hives  for  the  fertilization  of 
young  queens;  said  hive  held  four  and 
some  six  of  the  two  Twund  sur]ilus 
frames  and  a  feeder  to  each  little  hive. 
Queens   brought  $2   each   when    ferti- 


lized and  full  colonies  $15  in  oigh 
frame  L  hives.  Its  a  good  thing,  youn; 
man,  to  have  your  dish  right  side  uj 
when  tlie  shower  comes.  The  prevail 
iiig  prices  at  that  time  stimulated  tb 
rearing  of  bees  and  queens  and  com 
petition  brought  the  prices  below  Avha 
they  ever  should  have  been,  and  bee 
keepers,  like  some  owners  of  othe 
kinds  of  stocks,  saw  their  suppose 
wealth  vanishing  into  thin  air. 

But  the  pendulum  swings  on  an 
every  fellow  said,  honey  is  an  articl 
of  commerce,  and  the  watchword  was 
get  every  pound  possible,  some  worl 
ing  for  comb  and  some  for  extracts 
"Sling  it  every  drop,  and  feed  sugar  ( 
West  Indian  honey  for  winter  stores." 
The  result  could  soon  be  seen,  a  pL 
thora  of  the  city  markets.  One  coj 
mission  firm  in  one  of  our  large 
cities  started  the  plan  of  putting 
piece  of  comb  honey  in  a  glass  vess 
and  then  filling  the  vessel  (or  can)wi 
something  else"  sold  large  quantit 
both  at  home  and  in  Europe.  I 
member  one  of  their  circulars  shw 
ing  a  large  man  with  can  under  U 
arm  runnin.g  at  full  speed  showiii 
No.  12  on  the  bottom  of  his  shoe,  wi' 
these  words: 
"On  wings  of  love  my  soul  would  S 
From  gToceree  to  grocery  for  honej 

The    selling    was    all/  right    and 
would     have     cleared  the  markets 
time  if  it  had  not  been  for  the  "son 
thin,g  else." 


HANDLING       BEES       AND       TB 
HONEY     CROP     "WITH     PROFI 


The  Most  Extensive  Bee-keeper  in    Micliigan  T 
IVIr.  Johnson  How  to  Do  It. 


By  E.  D.  Townsend. 

THE  FEBRUARY  BEE-KEEPI 
is  received,  and  I  note  what  J. 
.Tohnson  says,  pa.ge  25.  about  1 
in,g  persuaded  by  the  Bee-Keepers'  I 
view  to  "keep  more  bees,"  and  how 
had  taken  that  advice  to  the  extent 
increasing  five  hundred  per  cent 
two  years,  and  harvestin.g  a  crop  i 
colony  spi'ing  count  of  250  pounds  o 
season,  and  64  1-2  ponnds  the  other 
That  is  .good  (?).  I  think  after  ref 
in.g  this  report,  we  are  all  ready 
admit  that  Mr.  Johnson  is  a  practii 
up-to-date  bee-keeper,  as  no  tenderf(| 
in  the  business  would  be  likely  to  it 
such  results.     In  fact,  all  hl-s  troiull 


1905. 


THI^     AMEIUCAX    BEIvKEEPEIl. 


69 


appears  to  eomiuoiiee  wliou  be  begins 
to  exfliaiige  his  liarcl-earued  liouey  for 
casli.  Let  us  see:  after  selling  his 
last  year's  crop  at  $3.00  per  case  of  24 
sections,  be  quotes  the  same  market 
this  year  at  $2.2."..  Taking  his  own 
figures,  and  .supposing  the  24  section-s 
to  weigh  22  1-2  pounds  that  would  be 
10  cents  a  pound,  less  freight  and  cart- 
age, 29  cents,  commission  10  per  cent. 
22c  making  a  little  over  2  l-4c  a 
pound,  as  the  expense  of  selling.  Ten 
cents  less  2  l-4c  would  leave  7  3-4c  for 
No.  1  Avbite  section  honey,  with  the 
items  of  labor  and  material,  interest 
on  capital  inveisted.  etc.,  still  to  be 
deducted.  After  quoting  figures 
similar  to  the  above,  he  asks  "What 
has  l)rought  about  such  a  state  of 
affairs?  and  what  is  the  remedy?" 
The  first  question  "What  has  brought 
about  such  a  state  of  affairs?  is  a 
debatable  one.  Some  will  claim  it  is 
an  overproduction, while  others  will  in- 
sist that  it  is  caused  by  the  large 
quantitj'  of  poor-grade  honey  that  has 
been  put  on  the  market  during  these 
three  last  cold  -seasons,  when  it  ha« 
taxed  the  skill  of  our  best  bee-keepers 
to  produce  a  good  article.  Still  others 
will  lu'ge  us  to  organize,  so  that  we 
can  unite  and  advei'tise  om-  honey;  so 
the  consuming  public  will  better  un- 
derstand the  merits  of  honey  as  a 
health  food,  etc. 

I  think,  however,  we  will  all  agree 
that  we  should  strive  to.  produce  the 
best  article  we  can,  either  of  comb  or 
extracted  honey,  then,  after  producing 
a  good  article,  put  it  up  in  the  best 
possible  shape  for  the  mai-ket,  being 
v^eiy  careful  in  grading  so  a^s  not  to  get 
in  inferior  article  mixed  with  our  bet- 
ter grades;  for  the  buyer  is  alwaj^s  try- 
ng  to  buy  as  cheap  as  possible;  which 
s  natural,  and  if  he  finds  No.  2  sec- 
ions  of  honey  mixed  through  our  No. 
L,  he  will  be  quite  likely  (and  with 
■eas'on)  to  ti-y  to  settle  with  us  on  a 
*^o.  2  basis.  As  Mr.  .Tohnsion  gets  the 
)est  price  in  the  market  he  sold  in, 
hese  last  remarks  do  not  apply  to 
|iim. 

Mr.  .Johnson  is  woiTied  about  the 
arge  1)ee-keepers  of  the  west  organiz- 
ng,  fearing  they  will  eventually  drive 
he  small  bee-keeper  of  one  or  two 
lundred  colonies  out  o  business.  Quiet 
our  fears,  Mr.  Johnson.  You  may  be 
uprised  when  I  tell  you  that  they  are 
ombining  their  crops  together  to  ship 


east  in  car  lots,  to  save  freight.  They 
are  trying  to  secure  the  advantages 
you  already  have;  or,  in  other  words, 
they  are  [laying  freight  east  to,  say, 
Chicago.  Still,  after  paying  this 
freight  their  honey  is  not  worth  a  cent 
more  than  is  your  own  at  your  rail- 
way station,  quality  being  the  same. 

Looking  at  the  problem  in  this  light, 
things  are  wot  so  bad  after  all.  In  the 
first  place,  I  think  Mr.  Johnson  made 
a  mistake  in  sending  his  honey  to  a 
commission  hou-se  and  paying  nearly 
25  per  cent  in  freight,  cartage  and 
commissions.  Better  supply  yourself 
with  mailing  blocks  to  mail  samples 
of  your  extracted  honey.  Then  put  a 
notice  in  the  American  Bee-Keeper 
that  you  have  honey  for  sale,  and  you 
will  mail  a  sample  of  the  extracted, 
to  prospective  buyers  free  of  charge. 

Honey  dealers  all  take  bee  jour- 
nals, so  any  of  them  needing  honey 
will  be  likely  to  write  you.  You  will 
have  no  ti'ouble  in  selling  your  comb 
honey  at  a  good  price,  but  your  ex- 
tracted may  not  go  so  fast.  But  if 
the  dealer  finds  that  you  have  a 
,super!ior  article,  you  will  npt  have 
nuich  troulde  to  dispose  of  even  the 
extracted. 

I  speak  from  quite  an  extended  ex- 
perience in  this  mode  of  selling  honey, 
having  sold  nearly  40,000  pounds  most- 
ly extracted,  during  the  last  two 
years  in  this  way  at  prices  way  above 
those  ^Nlr.  Johnson  quotes.  Our  No.  1 
and  fancy  white  comb  in  4x.§*~t)laiu 
sections  selling  at  14  to  16c,  and  white 
extracted  in  60-lb  cans  at  7  to  8c,  on 
car  here.  Had  you  not  better  look 
this  matter  up,  Mr.  Johnson  by  asking 
a  good  fair  price  for  your  honey?  You 
not  only  help  yourself  but  the  frater- 
luty  at  large.  Think  the  matter  over. 
Mr. Richard  Curry,  page  24,  I  quote  in 
early  spring,  if  you  find  too  much  old 
honey  in  yonr  hives,  consequently  your 
queens  cramped  for  room'  to  deposit 
their  eggs,  you  can  use  your  extractoi- 
to  advantage.  Not  so  up  here  in 
Michigan,  Mr.  Curry.  If  a  colony  has 
room  in  their  brood  nest  during  fall  to 
breed  up  a  swarm,  numerous  enough 
to  winter,  then,  their  usual  amount  be- 
ing consumed  during  winter  you  will 
not  need  to  use  your  extractor  during 
spring;  even  if  the  hive  is  2-3  full  of 
honey  when  the  breeding  season  opens 
in  early  spring.  Let  them  have  it  all 
and  take  my  word  for  it,  that  honey 


70 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


April, 


will  cli'sappear  before  June  and  in  its 
place  yon  will  have  a  rousing  swarm,' 
ready  to  take  advantage  of  the  honey 
flow*  when  it  comes.  It  is  surprising 
how  those  gi-eat  solid  slab*  of  honey 
will  disappear  during  tue  height  of  the 
breeding  season  of  spring,  with  a  good 
prolific  queen;  and  when  bees  were 
properly  wintered  I  have  never  seen  a 
colony  where  they  had  so  much  honey 
that  it  was  a  detriment  to  them  dur- 
ing the  spring. 

The  gentleman  over  the  river  had 
evidently  not  handled  his  bees  to  the 
best  advantage  during  the  season,  or 
they  would  not  have  been  clogged 
with  honey  so  that  they  had  no  room 
to  breed  up  for  winter.  If  he  had 
made  his  supers  a  little  more  attract- 
ive by  gi'i'lng  them  some  bait  sections, 
and  had  used  full  sheets  of  foundation 
in  his  sections  and  thus  got  them  to 
work,  as  he  should,  he  would  not  have 
had  this  trouble.  Bet  a  cooky  his 
comb  honey  crop  was  short. 

Remus,  Mich.,   Feb.   11,   1905. 


THE  RIPENING  OF  HONEY. 


By  Adrian  Getaz. 

IN  THE  Bee-Keeping  World  De- 
partment of  this  paper,  is  an 
item  translated  from  the  Revue 
Eclectique  concerning  the  experiments 
of  Mr.  Huillon  on  the  ripening  of 
honey  in  the  hive;  Or  rather,  on  the 
evaporation  of  the  surplus  watex%  for 
it  must  be  remembered  that  the  ripen- 
ing of  the  honey  means  more  than 
mere  evaporation. 

To  vsay  that  I  was  a-stounded  at  the 
results  obtained,  or  if  you  prefer,  the 
assertions  made,  would  not  be  a  great 
exaggeration  by  any  means.  I  did 
not  realize  the  full  impoii;  of  them  un- 
til the  second  reading.  Then  I  hesi- 
tated. But  I  had  already  commenced 
the  translation  and  the  articles  really 
worth  trauvslating  are  very  few  in 
number  and  far  apart  in  time;  soi  I 
finally  decided  to  let  it  go  in. 

Since  then  I  have  lost  some  sleep, 
studying  the  matter  and  have  aiTived 
at  some  conclusions.  But  let  us  first 
recall  Mr.  Huillon's  experiments.  He 
gave  three  colonies  new  sets  of  empty 
combs  early  in  the  morning,  taking 
a-\vay  all  those  that  contained  honey. 
The  combs  of  colony  No.  1  were  taken 
up  as  soon  as  the  day's  work  was  clos- 
ed.    Those  of  colony  No.  2  were  not 


taken  out  until  early  the  next  morning. 
Colony  No.  3  was  shut  in  the  cellar 
three  days  and  then  the  combs  taken 
out.  The  honey  was  extracted  from 
all,  and  the  density  ascertained.  The 
honey,  or  nectar,  of  colony  No.  1  Avas 
found  of  a  density  of  1.394.  That 
from  colony  No.  2  1.413  and  that  from 
colony  No.  3  1.432.  This  last  is  some- 
what heavier  than  the  fully  ripened 
honey  i«  generally  which  is  1.424. 
Admitting  that  this  last  contains  2C 
per  cent  of  water  and  80  per  cent  ol 
sugars  (sucrose,  dextrose  and  levulose; 
and  calculating  the  percentage  of  thf 
others  from  their  densities,  we  fim 
that  the  nectar  or  honey  at  the  end  o) 
the  very  day  it  has  been  gathered  con 
tains  already  74  per  cent  of  sugars  anc 
only  26  per  cent  of  water.  By  nex 
morning  the  percentage  is  reduced  t( 
22  per  cent  of  water  and  a  day  or  tW( 
later  it  is  ripe  honey  so  far  as  evapor 
ation  is  concerned. 


Evaporation. 

This  20  per  cent  of  water  at  the  em 
of  the  first  day  is  what  stunned  m( 
The  nectar  as  found  in  the  flower 
contains  only  20  per  cent  of  sugars  an 
So  per  cent  of  water.  To  bring  i 
down  to  26  per  cent  of  water,  it  : 
necessary  that  over  nine  tenths  of  th 
water  originally  contained  in  the  ne( 
tar  should  be  evaporated. 

That's  not  all.  Evidently  thes 
figures  represent  the  average  for  tb 
whole  day's  gathering.  As  the  las 
gathered  could  not  have  the  time  t 
evaporate,  the  rest  must  be  sufficien 
ly  advanced  to  make  it  up.  In  fac 
most  of  it  should  be  completely  evi 
porated  within  a  few  hours  after  bt 
ing  brought  in.  That  is  simply  impoi 
sible.  Even  with  the  help  of  the  be* 
boiling  apparatus  and  a  brisk  fir 
such  a  reduction  could  not  be  made. 

We  are  then  confronted,  not  by 
theory  but  by  an  impossible  conditioj 
Either  Mr.  Huillon  committed  a 
egregious  blunder,  or  the  trae  e: 
planation  lies  in  another  direction.  '. 
is  not  likely  that  Mr.  Huillon  made 
mistake.  All  that  he  had  to  do  w£ 
to  measure  one  liter  of  the  honey  an 
weigh  it.  The  weight  in  grains  wou) 
give  the  density  at  once  since  one  Iit( 
of  water  weights  one  thousand  gram 

Some  corrections  might  be  introdu 
ed.  The  honey  having  a  density  < 
1.424  might  not  be  exactly  20  pi 
cent  of   water.     The  nectar  gathers 


905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


71 


light  have  coutaiiied  less  than  SO  per 
ent  of  water.  The  temperature 
hould  have  been  taken  in  considera- 
tion. The  inverted  sugars  may  not 
ffect  the  density  exactly  like  the 
ininverted.  But  after  making  a  gen- 
rous  allowance  for  all  possible  correc- 
ions,  the  general  results  are  not  ap- 
)reciably  changed. 

On  the  Wing. 
There  is  but  one  explanation  that  1 
an  see.  That  is  the  excess  of  water 
expelled  from  the  nectar  while  in 
he  honey  sacs  of  the  bees  during  the 
ime  they  gather  it  and  come  back 
lome  with  it. 
That's  not  a  new  theory.  The  idea 
ms  advanced  years  ago  by  several 
writers.  They  thought  that  the  bees 
light  possess  some  apparatus  similar 
0  the  kidneys  by  which  the  excess  of 
?'ater  might,  we  may  say,  be  filtered 
hrough  and  expelled.  To  this  it  was 
eplied  that  the  bees  do  not  possess 
nything  like  kidneys  or  any  other  or- 
an  capable  of  doing  such  work. 
The  last  assertion  is  correct,  but  the 
bought  occurred  to  me  that  the  evap- 
ratiotn  or  filteration,  whatever  it 
lay  be,  might  be  accomplished  by 
ther  means.  Most  of  us  during  hot 
eather  have  more  than  once  im- 
ibed  a  pint  or  two  of  water  only  to 
ee  it  come  out  at  the  skin  almost  at 
nee  in  the  shape  of  sweat  and  be 
bout  as  thirsty  as  before  in  less  than 
a  hour  or  two.  What  is  not  gen- 
rally  known  is  the  fact  that  such  a 
pooess  is  constantly  going  on,  more  or 
ss,  even  in  the  coldest  weather.  The 
ater  usually  vaporizes  as  soon  as  it 
lacnes  the  outer  side  of  the  skin,  and 
only  seen  as  water  when  in  quite 
rge  quantity.  Furthermore  the  same 
ocess  occurs  through  the  lungs,  and 
e  vapor  they  emit  is  very  visible  in 
Id  weather. 

The  bees   cannot   sweat;   their  skin 

Ij^f  skin  it  can  be  called),  is  built  on 

other  principle,  but  their  lungs  are 

tensively     developed,      ramify    and 

lach     everywhere     throughout     the 

y.    And  it  might  be  that  the  excess 

water  contained  in  the  nectar  could 

largely    evaporated   through  them, 

iring   the   time   it   is    gathered    and 

ought  home. 

To  that  it  may  be  objected  that  the 
ctar  freshly  gathered  is  very  liquid 
d  falls  out  of  the  combs  easily. 
at's  true;  but  the  objection  has  not 


a  very  great  weight.  You  can  dissolve 
a  pretty  fair  quantity  of  salt  in  water, 
and  that  water  will  be  as  liquid  as  be- 
fore. You  can  dissolve  a  considerable 
quantity  of  sugar  in  cold  water; 
the  mixture  will  be  about  as  liquid  aa 
the  nectar.  But  heat  or  cook  that  mix- 
ture and  it  will  thicken  considerably 
and  become  syrup  or  even  candy. 
Ine  thickening  i-s  due  to  the  inversion 
of  the  sugar-,  especially  to  the  levulose 
which  is  of  a  more  gummy  nature 
than  the  others.  (See  the  best  books 
on  Organic  Chemistry  for  full  infor- 
mation on  that  sul>ject.) 

Night  Work. 

The  next  question  is:  If  most  of  the 
evaporation  is  done  during  the  very 
day  the  nectar  is  gathered,  why  do 
the  bees  work  so  much  during^  the 
following  night? 

Perhaps  some  of  the  readers  of  this 
article  may  wonder  what  I  mean  by 
"working  it  during  the  following 
night."  I  could  not  give  a  better  an- 
swer than  by  quoting  what  Doolittle 
says  on  the  subject: 

"When  bees  are  gathering  nectar 
from  the  field,  they  give  the  same,  on 
entering  the  hive,  to  the  young  or 
nurse  bees,  as  I  have  said  before.  If 
no  more  is  gathered  than  these  young 
bees  can  hold  in  their  sacs,  none  is  put 
in  the  cells.  If  more  is  gathered  than 
their  sacs  will  hold,  the  surplus  nec- 
tar is  put  into  the  cells  by  these  nurse 
bees  until  evening,  and  then  evaporat- 
ed down,  although  this  evaporation  is 
going  on  to  some  extent  during  the 
day.  At  night,  all  hands  join;  from 
the  outside  laborer  with  well  worn-out 
wings,  down  to  bees  but  a  day  or  two 
old,  when  the  nectar  is  taken  into  the 
honey  sacs,  thrown  out  on  the  partly 
doubled  tongue,  drawn  back  in  again, 
thrown  out  and  drawn  in  again,  and 
so  on.  until  by  this  stirring  up  process 
and  the  heat  of  the  hive,  these  small 
particles  of  honey  are  brought  to  the 
right  consistency,  when  it  is  deposited, 
in  the  cells  to  be  sealed  in  due  time." 

Now,  why  all  that,  if,  according  to 
Mr.  Huillon's  experiment,  only  a  small 
per  cent  of  water  remains  to  be  evap- 
orated? 

To  this  it  may  be  replied  that  this 
work  is  not  altogether  a  question  of 
evaporation.  The  bees  also  add  to  the 
reduced  nectar,  secretions  from  dif- 
ferent glands  and  mix  them  thorough- 
ly together  during  the  process  above 


72 


THE    AMERICAN     BEE-KEEPEK. 


Ayri 


described.  Some  cbemiciil  changes 
undoubtedly  take  pkice  or  at  least 
begin  during  that  time. 

Final  Ripening. 
If  all  tbe  above  is  true,  the  eva- 
poration of  the  surplus  water  and  tbe 
mixing  of  tbe  different  elements 
should  be  complete  in  leSvS  tban  two 
days,  (unless  it  be  in  very  heavy 
yields).  But  we  know  that  tbe  honey 
is  not  ripe  yet.  Some  chemical  reac- 
tions have  yet  to  take  place  slowly  be- 
fore tbe  honey  is  really  ripe  or  fully 
Tipe.  The  mo<!t  important  one  is  the 
Tull  transformation  of  tbe  cane  sugar 
in  dextrose  and  levulose.  Others 
aft'ect  the  ta-ste  of  tbe  honey.  Many 
kinds  of  honey  have  at  first  some  dis- 
agreeable taste  that  gradually  dis- 
apears  through  tbe  ripening  process. 
Artificial  Ripening. 
If  two  or  three  days  is  all  that  is 
needed  to  put  the  houey  in  such  shape 
that  tbe  remainder  oif  tlie  ripening  pro- 
cess can  go  on,  so  to  spealv,  of  itself, 
why  not  extract  it  then  and  let  the 
ripening  go  on  outside  of  tbe  hive? 

Well,  I  don't  know.  There  may  be 
some  other  conditions  to  fulfill  beside 
those  mentioned  above,  some  perhaps 
entirely  unknoAvn. 

Artificial  ripening  has  been  at- 
tempted already  with  more  or  less  .suc- 
cess, rather  less  than  more,  a-s  far  as 
I  know.  I  pre^sume  that  to  be  entirely 
successful  it  would  be  necessary  to 
keep  tbe  honey  at  a  uniform  tempera- 
ture the  .same  as  exists  in  tbe  hive. 
A  higher  temperature  would  de-stroy 
the  essential  oils  which  give  the  honey 
its  good  tacste  and  peculiar  flavor.  And 
it  would  take  but  a  few  degrees  for 
that. 

Knoxville,  Tenn. 

^—*' 

THE   LARVAL.  QUEEN. 


The  Influence  of  Conditions  Upon   Its  Development. 


By  Arthur  C.  Miller. 

IN  THE  American  Bee-Keeper  for 
March,  page  46  Mr.  John  M.  Davis 
ha.s  an  article  in  which  he  ex- 
presses tbe  opinion  that  I  have  con- 
tradicted myself  or  changed  front  in 
my  opinion  on  queen  rearing.  He 
lta-se>s  this  opinion  on  my  article  in  tbe 
January  number  of  tbe  same  paper, 
page  three,  where  I  wrote  of  the  value 
of  tbe  wariiith.  humidity,  and  food  con- 
dition's of  a  normal  colony  in  tbe  pro- 


duction of  queens.  He  believes  tha 
this  conflicts  with  my  expresse 
opinions  as  to  tbe  high  value  of  th 
Alley  -system  of  queen  rearing  becaus 
nuclei  are  an  essential  part  of  that  syf 
tem. 

A  brief  description  of  tbe  Alle 
nuclei  may  correct  tbe  miscouceptio 
of  Mr.  Davis  and  of  others  who  bdl 
similar  views  aljout  Mr.  Alley's  worl 

Mr.  Alley's  nucleus-Jiives  have 
capacity  of  about  2.''»0  cubic  inche 
contain  four  combs  about  5x5  inche 
an  entrance  one  inch  by  one  quart* 
inch  and  a  feeder  on  tbe  atmospber 
principle,  tbe  opening  of  which  is  w( 
within  tbe  hive. 

The  combs  are  kept  full  of  bona 
pollen  and  brood  and  the  hives  pack* 
with  bees,  ft  Avill  be  seen  very  plai 
ly  that  this  is  far  away  from  a  t^ 
cupful  of  bees.  Tbe  conditions  wi 
nuclei  of  the  Alley  kind  are  tbe  sar 
as  in  a  larger  colony. 

To  get  tbe  nuclei  into  the  thrif 
condition  above  mentioned  requir 
.skill, tbe  main  training  of  them  in  su 
condition  is  one  of  the  fine  arts  of  h' 
craft;  and  to  do  both  these  tbir 
easily  and  cheaply  is  beyond  the  abl' 
of  many  apiarists  and  it  is  for  t 
reason  that  -so  many  condemn  Alle' 
nucleus  system.  But  tbe  skill  O) 
acipiired  the  system  becoiuics  as  pJ 
tic  as  clay  in  the  bands  of  tbe  moc 
ler  and  probably  tbe  cheapest  of 
sy«tems. 

Mr.  Davis  says  he  can  see  no  ( 
ference  between  queens  reared  by 
Alley  system  from  tbe  egg  and  th 
by  tbe  transferring  of  larvae.  The  < 
ference  exists,  however,  and  the  ( 
will  come  when  the  transferring  s 
tem  will  be  cast  aside  and  bee-keep 
will  wonder  how  they  ever  came  to 
it. 

Reaunear  was  the  first  to  try  it 
I  mistake  not,  then  Huber  wrote  o: 
and  at  intervals  for  tbe  next  seve 
or  ieighty  years  it  was  written  ab< 
Finally  it  seemed  to  be  a  flne  thinf 
bang  advertisements  on  and  it 
boomed  accordingly. 

With  Alley's  plan  tbe  larvae  eme 
from  tbe  eggs  as  princesses  and 
ceive  royal  treatment  from  bi 
while  with  the  transferring  pro( 
tbey  start  as  menials  to  later  be  ti 
ed  violently  into  queens  "while 
wait." 

It  is  vsaid  all  larvae  have  the  ss 
kind  of  food  for  the  first  three  d 


1905. 


11 1  ;•:.    A  M  !•:  K I  ( '  A  N     H  E  K-  K  E  E  I '  E 


73 


and  on  the  strcn;;!!!  of  this  n>-oi-s  ol' 
the  transfi'iTin.u-  jjroccss  liasc  tlicii' 
clninis  for  tiu'  safety  of  the  sy-stem. 

I  wonhl  like  to  asl^  what  they  really 
know  abont  it? 

Bnt  even  with  (lueens  proiierly 
started  and  nurtured  tluM'c  ar(>  ])lenty 
of  opportunitii-s  for  harm  hetwopu 
then  and  the  time  they  are  mated  and 
layiuii-.     The  first  danger  is  in  the  cag- 


tlnu.iis,  ;in  alMindancc  of  nourishing 
food.  Thi-;  she  cannot  get  in  a  cage 
and  when  this  cage  has  candy  instead 
of  honey  the  conditions  are  al;)out  as 
iiad  as  they  can   he. 

I  t'tink  it  w;--  tln^  eniinenl  anat- 
;n.!ist  Hvntc"'  who  ahout  IT'.K)  noticed 
the  immatiu'ity  of  some  bees  he  was 
(lissf'ctiDti,-.  I;i  1S7-_'  (Jen.  D.  L.  Adair 
wrote    of    the    mideveloped    stage    of 


THE  LATE   GEORGE   W.  BRODBECK. OF  LOS  ANGELES. 

Secretary  of  the  National  Bee-keepers"  Assoc, ..tion. 

Whose   Death   Occurred   February  6th,  1905. 


ng  methods.      Caging   cells   is   one   of 

he  weak  si)ots  in  nearly  all  system- 

if  commercial    (jueen   rearing.        Few 

)reeders  are  able  to  dispense  with  it. 

Mr.  l)avi-s"  conclusions  that  a  (]ueen 

not  mature  and  fully  developed  for 

everal  days  after  emerging  are  almost 

'eyond  debate.  To  perfect  the  develop- 

lent,  the  ([ueen  requires  among  other 


.\oung  bees  and  he  applied  the  term 
"adolescent"  to  this  period.  It  is 
sti-ange  how  this  ha«  been  lost  sight 
of,  ])articularly  when  so  many  con- 
jectures have  from  time  to  time  been 
made  as  to  why  bees  pass  from  one 
kind  of  work  to  another,  as  they  grow 
older. 

Providence,  R.  I.,  March  7,  1905. 


74 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


April, 


REPORT        OF        THE        ANNUAL 
MEETING  OF  THE  YATES  COUN- 
TY,   N.    Y.    BEE-KEEPERS 
SOCIETY. 

A  BUSINESS  MEETING  of  this 
Society  was  held  March  9, 
1905,  iu  Peun  Yan.  All  the  old 
officers,  were  re-elected.  For  Treas- 
urer, P.  Quiun;  Vice-President,  A. 
Spooner;  Secretary  A.  Owen,  Dresden. 
Mr.  Spooner  was  elected  a  committee 
of  one  to  -see  to  the  purchasing  of  sup- 
plies. 

Mr.  Spooner,  being  president  of  a 
farmers'  club  of  150  members  said 
that  by  purchasing  fertilizers  in  car- 
load lots  they  had  -saved  the  members 
«ix  dollars  per  ton  ou  the  same  brand. 
Thi.3  saving  of  money  iu  buying  goods 
is  one  of  the  principal  ties  which  binds 
an  organization  together,  and  by  the 
same  means,  he  said,  the  bee-keepers 
could  be  held  together.  When  they  be- 
come aware  that  they  can  save  money 
by  belonging  to  the  Bee-Keepers'  So- 
ciety they  will  join  and  stay  in  the  or- 
ganization. 

F.  Greiner,  of  Ontario  county,  N.  Y., 
had  been  engaged  to  deliver  an  ad- 
dress and  was  present.  He  spoke 
chiefly  upon  the  subject  of  profitable 
bee-keeping  and  was  listened  to  with 
interest  on  the  part  of  all  present.  The 
many  questions  asked  compelled  the 
speaker  to  often  go  into  the  details  of 
his  management. 

The  "Shook-swarming"  method  as  a 
means  of  handling  out-apiaries  had  to 
be  fully  explained;  also  the  clipping  of 
queens.  A  curved  pair  of  scissors 
were  shown  by  him,  which  he  had 
used  for  year-s  and  which  he  preferred 
for  the  purpose  of  clipping,  although 
he  said  he  could  perform  the  opera- 
tion with  a  pair  of  tinner's  shears  or 
an  old  hatchet  if  had  to  be. 

Mr.  P.  Quinn  told  a  little  stoiy  of  his 
experience  with  an  old  dilapidated 
box-hive  which  he  had  bought  some 
years  ago.  It  contained  a  good  swarm 
of  bees  which  he  tran-sferred  a  la 
Heddon,  a  method  coming  very  near 
being  the  "Shook-swarming"  method. 
The  bees  were  drummed  out  into  an 
empty  box  placed  on  the  inverted  box- 
hive.  When  the  larger  part  of  the 
bees  had  clustered,  the  box  was  lifted 
off  and  the  bees  hived  into  an  empty 
hive  placed  on  the  old  stand.  A  sec- 
tion case  was  at  once  given,  and  room 
given   as   needed.        On  the  2lst  day 


after  the  first  drive,  a  second  one  was 
enacted.  This  time  all  the  bees  were 
drummed  out  and  hived  in  with  the 
first  lot.  The  combs  were  broken  out 
of  the  old  box-hives,  the  honey  ex- 
tracted and  the  comb  rendered.  From 
the  swarm  thus  treated  Mr.  Quinn 
took  80  one-pound  sections  of  nice 
white  honey. 

Mr.  Spooner  claimed  to  have  had 
bad  luck  in  shipping  honey  by  ex- 
press. This  drew  out  Mr.  Greiner 
to  his  manner  of  shijiping  comb  honey, 
by  freight,  as  many  as  eight  single-tiej 
24-lb  cases  being  crated  in  one  larg« 
crate  with  handles  securely  fastened 
on  in  such  a  manner  that  two  men  can 
carry  the  large  200-lb  crate  betweei 
them.  He  said  he  had  never  had  anj 
honey  smashed  since  shipping  honej 
in  this  way  by  freight  during  warm 
weather.  He  held  that  the  early  fal! 
was  the  time  to  move  honey  in  the 
North,  that  honey  when  warm,  gives  i 
little,  and  goes  back  to  its  formeii 
shape  without  cracking.  At  one  timt 
he  had  upset  a  small  wagon  load  o,' 
honey,  which  had  just  been  takeji 
from  the  hive.  This  happened  on 
warm  August  day,  and  although  th. 
wide  frames  with  their  sections  ii 
them  rolled  out  of  the  cases,  some  o 
the  cases  or  supers  even  bursting,  ye 
among  the  500  or  600  sections  only 
very  few  were  damaged  in  any  waj 
On  a  cold  day  such  an  accident  woul 
have  mined  the  entire  lot. 

Many  other  questions  were  pre 
pounded  and  vsatisfactorily  disposed  o: 

It  was  decided  to  hold  another  moe 
ing  inside  of  five  weeks  to  settle  o 
ordering  supplies. 

The  meeting  adjourned. 

SPECTATOR. 

5 


A  LARGE  GILL  OF  REFRBSB 
MENT. 

"Now  most  writers  and  some  ed 
tors  teach  that  comb  honey  should  a 
ways  be  sold  by  weight,  claiming  the 
their  conscience  bothers  them  if  the 
know  a  customer  gets  an  ounce  moi 
or  less  than  actual  weight.  Right  hei 
I  want  to  plead  guilty  that  my  coi 
science  is  not  so  tender  and  that  I  b< 
lieve  in  paying  a  premium  for  qualit; 
Hence  I  buy  my  oatmeal  by  the  pad 
age  and  my  pills  for  their  quality  h 
stead  of  how  many  there  are  in 
box." — M.  A.  Gill  in  American  Bf 
Journal.  May  the  Lord  bless  the  franl 
honest  and  refreshing  man. 


iy(i5. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


WORK  IN  BEE  CULTURE. 

Extract  from  the  Report  of  the 
Entomologist,  of  the  U.  S.  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  for  1904,  by 
I'rof.  L.  O.  Howard. 


A  great  increase  in  correspondence 
oil  all  topics  relating  to  apiculture  so 
far  occupied  the  time  of  the  single  iu- 
ve.stigator  in  this  line  that  original 
investigations  had  to  be  limited.  This 
Lorrespondence  covered  nearly  every 
[)hase  of  the  subject,  and  came  from 
ill  parts  of  the  country,  indicating  a 
vevj  general  increase  in  the  interest  in 
Ails  branch,  and  often  required  special 
etters  of  some  length  to  elucidate  the 
nformation  needed.  Frequent  assist- 
iiiee  was  rendered  teachers  connected 
vith  the  public  ■schools  and  normal  in- 
stitutes where  the  natural  history  of 
be  honey  bee,  and  in  some  instances 
■lementary  instructioin  in  the  general 
Liethods  of  bee  management,  formed  a 
lart  of  the  course.  Advice  was  also 
;iven  in  some  instances  to  agricultural 
■olleges  contemplating  the  institution 
if  special  courses  in  apiculture. 

A  small  number  of  choice    queens  of 

be  Cyprio-Carniolan  cross,  which  has 

iroven  such  an  excellent  one  for  the 

;rid  regions  of  the   South   and   West, 

vere    sent    out.      The    extremely    dry 

eason     in     southern     California     has 

iven  a  severe  test  of  the  remarkable 

nergy   shown  in   honey  collecting  by 

11  cros-ses  containing  Cyprian   blood; 

nd     while     it    has     been     necessary 

u  many  apiaries,  in  order  to  prevent 

tarvation   of   the   colonies   to  ■  feed   a 

arge   proportion   of   the   Italians   and 

lybrids  which  are  chiefly  kept  in  that 

art  of  the  counti'y,  reports  have  been 

ent  in  showing  that  30  to  40  pounds 

f  honey  per  colony  have  been  found 

1  the    same   apiaries    in  hives    whoee 

ueens  were  largely  of  Cyprian  blood. 

he  comparative  test  betwen  the  Cau- 

asians    and  other    types  of  bees,    in- 

huling     Cyprians,     Carniolians,  Itali- 

us.  and  various  crosses  between  these 

■pes  themselves,  and  also  with  acci- 

ental  mating  with  black  drones,  has 

een  continued.     The  conclusion  was 

^ached  that  the  Caucasian  race  was 

y  far  the  gentlest  honey  bee  that  ha-s 

rer     been  brought    to  this     counti'y- 

very  manipulation   necessary  in  the 

liary  can  be  performed  with  Caucas- 


ian colonies  without  the  use  of  the  bee 
veil,  and  only  in  rare  instances  has 
it  been  necessary  to  apply  smoke  to 
control  them.  Very  small  quantities 
were  then  employed.  Under  nearly  all 
cii-cumstance-s  it  would  almost  be  be- 
lieved by  all  observers  that  these  bees 
were  stingless.  The  test  regarding 
their  honey-producing  qualities  has 
not  been  as  conclusive,  since  the  past 
year  was,  in  general,  a  poor  one  in 
thi-s  region.  However,  in  so  far  as  the 
compai^ij^n  extended,  it  Avas  found 
that  they  held  their  own  in  honey 
gathering  by  the  side  of  the  Carniolan 
race,  although  not  equaling  in  this  re- 
spect the  Cyprian  crosses  mentioned 
above. 

The  revival  in  various  newspapers 
of  stories  relating  to  the  man|ufac- 
ture  and  marketing  of  comb  honey  has 
called  for  repeated  denials  and  a  plain 
statement  of  the  absurdity  of  the 
whole  matter,  as  well  as  the  great  in- 
jury it  was  working  to  the  apiarian  in- 
dustry of  the  country.  The  newspap- 
ers and  other  publications  which  had 
inadvertently  been  led  to  publish  these 
inaccuracies  have  nearly  always  been 
very  ready,  upon  a  proper  presentation 
of  the  case,  to  insert  a  correction.  Par- 
ticular attention  has  been  drawn  to 
the  fact  that  it  would  cost  far  more,  by 
anj^  process  whatever,  to  produce  a 
wax.  or  imitation-wax  comb,  fill  it 
with  honey,  or  any  mixture  designed 
to  resemble  honey,  and  then  seal  it 
over  ready  for  the  market,  than  it 
would  to  maintain  and  care  for  an 
apiary  of  the  required  number  of 
colonies  to  produce  through  the  agency 
of  the  bees  themselves  the  same 
quantity  of  natural  honey.  This  shows 
at  once  the  absurdity  of  the  claim  that 
the  greater  part,  or  any  part,  of  the 
comb  honey  on  the  market  is  an  arti- 
ficially manufactured  product.  This 
shovving  has  also  been  followed  by  a 
statement  of  the  fact  that  a  reputable 
'firm  has  for  twenty-five  years  offered 
to  forfeit  $1,000  to  any  person  who 
could  produce  artificially  an  imitation 
of  comb  honey  which  would  deceive 
any  person  when  compared  with 
combs  that  are  filled  and  sealed  by  the 
bees  themselves. 

Early  in  the  fiscal  year  the  apicul- 
tural  investigator  visited  the  arid 
regions  of  the  Southwest,  making  an 
extended   Inspection   of   apiaries   over 


76 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


April 


the  whole  of  southern  California,  and 

V.i-i!,i         ..1,,^^    i     -lilc-.^j      111      t'.n      cAiitl';!! 

and  northern  part*  of  the  State,  with 
a  somewhat  cursory  view  of  the  con- 
ditions of  the  industry  in  Oregon, 
Washington  and  Montana.  The  con- 
clusions resulting  from  tJiis  tour  were 
to  the  effect  that  the  introduction  of 
various  types  of  bee<3  adapted  in  each 
instance  to  the  respective  climates  and 
peculiarities  of  the^e  regions,  together 
with  the  inti-oduction  of  certain  honey 
plants  from  other  portions  of  the 
world,  which  from  similarity  of  cli- 
mate, etc.,  would  be  certain  to  thrive 
in  the  portion  of  the  counti-y  visited, 
would  result  in  a  very  important  in- 
crease in  the  honey  production  of  the 
West.  The  execution  of  this  work  is 
therefore  advisable  in  the  near  future. 


ing   to   the   fatal    illness   of   Secretarj 
Brodbeck  it  has  been  delayed. 

W.    F.   Marks,. 
Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors 


THE   NATIONAL  ELECTION. 


To  the  members  of  the  National  Bee- 
Keepers'  Association : — 

The  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Di- 
rectors is  in  receipt  of  a  letter  from 
Mrs.  G.  W.  Brodbeck,  dated  February 
11,  1905,  announcing  the  death  of  her 
husband.  Secretary  G.  W.  Brodbeck. 
and  enclosing  the  following  results  of 
the  ballot  taken  last  November  for  of- 
ficers of  the  National  Bee-Keepers' 
Association: 

President— J.    U.      HarrLs     having   re- 
ceived a  plurality  of  the  votes  cast 
for  President  was  elected  President, 
232   out  of  355. 
Vice-President— C.  P.  Dadant     having 
received    a    plui-ality    vote    cast   for 
Vice-President,     was     elected     Vice- 
President.  251  out  of  355. 
Secretary — ^W.    Z.    Hutchinson   having 
received  a  plurality  of  t.ie  votes  cast 
for  Secretary,  was  elected  Secretary, 
203  out  of  359. 
General  Manager — N.  B.   France,  hav- 
ing received  a  plurality  of  the  votes 
cast  for  General  ;Manager.  was  elec- 
ted,  336  out   of   349. 
Directors— E.  Whitcomb,  R.  L.  Taylor 
and     Fdo     Toepperwein  having  re- 
ceived the  greatest  number  of  votes 
for     directors     to       -succeed     those 
whose   terms   expired   were   electe<l. 
E.  W.,  100  out  of  165 
R.  T.,  102  out  of  256. 
U.  T.  189  out  of  311. 
The  result  of  this  ballot  should  have 
been  declared  la-st  December  but  ow- 


THE  GOBBLER  AND  BEES. 


By  Yon  Youson. 


Von  day  ay  buyed  som   bee  hive 

Vid    isom    little    bees    inside, 
Dom  vas  black  and  yeller  and  striped 
An  dom  crall,  an  yump  an  flied. 

Ay  put  das  hive  a  shade  tree  under 
Yiist  to  keep  da  sun  avay 

Da  bees  dom  «ing  an  fly  lak  tunder 
An  stiug  da  turlceys  if  dom  stay. 

Von  day  a   big  blak   turkey   globb| 

Vid  a  hed  as  red  as  fire. 
Stop   in   front   da    hive    an    lioller 

An  spred  hi*  tail  bote  vide  hier. 

Da  liees  dom  don't  vas  lalv  his  cull(j 
An  dom  don't  vas  lak  his  stile 

Soon  liis  hed  was  covered  over 
An  dar  turkey  don't  can  smile. 

Das  turkey  put  von  bine  foot  over 
An  try  to  poke  der  bees  avay 

But  he  fine  it  don't  vas  clover; 
Da  bees  vas  on  das  hed  to  stay. 

Den  he  yump  an  fly  an  gobble 
An  he  nni  an  scratch  an  paw 

Soon  he  don't  Ivin  hardly  hobble 
An  he  don't  kin  hardly  saw. 

Cos  his  eyes  dom  vont  unbutton. 
An  dom  don't  vas  open  vide. 

Das  golibler  don't  vas  kin  see  nuttii 
Ven  he  tried  an  tried  an  tried. 

Now  das  turkey's  hed  vas  bigger 
An  ay  tank  he  got  more  sense, 

His  hed,  vonce  red.  iss  blak  lak  nigg 
An  he  run  agenst  da  fense. 

Das  turkey  dont  vas  haf  da  rumatis' 

For  nineteen  generation 
Da  bees  da-s  gobbler  curred  free  gra1 

On  dere  own  recommendation. 

Bee  sting  don't  vas  hard  tu  tak 

Dom  give  it  on  da  run. 
A  doctor's  bill  dom  don  vas  mak 

Dom  tak  ders  pay  in  fun. 


M.  Brochet  says  if  the  hands  a 
rubbed  with  bruised  leaves  of  le 
bees  will  not  sting  them.  What  se 
respecting  insects  bees  are. 


4»»»»»»»»»»»»M»»»»M*^-M--M-><»- 


THE 


Bee -Keeping  World 


staff  Contributors  :    F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ. 

Contributions  to  this  Department  are  solicited  from  all  quarters  of  the  earth. 


♦  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦^♦♦♦♦♦tM»MM»»»»»  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦  MM  MM 


GEiniANY. 
Freudenstein  holds  that  the  produc- 
tiou  of  sugar  honey,  aud  'Selling  it  as 
suchjs  a  perfectly  legitimate  bu-siness, 
and  if  the  bee-keeper  can  make  it  a 
profitable  business  he  should  or  might 
in  the  absence  of  a  natural  honey  flow 
enter  into  it  in  order  to  make  his  bees 
pay  tlieir  way. 


years  he  now  has  an  apiary  of  40 
swarmvS  of  bees  from  which  he  has  an 
income  larger  than  from  his  farm,  he 
says. 


The  dy.sentery  is  a  disease  of  bees 
even  more  dreaded  in  Germany  than 
•here.  The  editor  of  the  Neue  Bztg., 
Freudenstein.  has  for  years  advocated 
its  cure  by  sugar  feeding;  say-s  bees 
need  no  cleansing  flights  during  win- 
ter. 


Claussen  claims  in  Schlesie,  Hoist 
Bztg.  that  queen-s  lay  more  eggs  dur- 
ing their  third  season  than  during  any 
previous  one.  This  seems  to  disagree 
with  our  experience  in  America.  Look- 
ing over  my  home  yard  last  spring.  In- 
spector Stevens  and  myself  found  that 
nearly  all  the  best  and  .strongest  col- 
onies were  headed  by  queens  of  pre- 
vious year's  raising.  Other  bee-keep- 
ers here  find  the  same  rule  existing. 


With  the  Reitsehe  comb  foundation 
moulds,  Neue  Btzg.  says  loO  sheets 
may  be  made  by  an  experienced  person 
in  an  hour. 


Oo-sch  in  the  same  paper,  says  the 
impoirt  dutj'  on  honey  is  five  cents  per 
pound.  The  Austrian  government  only 
levies  a  duty  of  less  than  two  cents. 


The  tobacco  pipe  i-s  still  liolding 
sway  as  a  bee  smoker  in  Germany. 
That  a  professional  bee-keeper  can 
possibly  get  along  ^vith  such  an  in- 
efficient afllair  when  an  American 
smoker  is  procurable  is  more  than  the 
writer  can  understand.  The  German 
bee-keeper  must  be  terribly  wedded  to 
his  pipe.  Illnstrations  are  given  in  the 
Neue  Btzg.  showing  how  an  ordinary 
pipe  is  converted  into  a  blow-pipe.  At 
the  beginning  of  my  bee-keeping  ca- 
reer. I  made  use  of  the  blow-pipe  piir- 
posely  constructed  and  working  much 
better  than  an  ordinary  toljacco  pipe 
possibly  could,  but  by  the  side  of  our 
present  smokers  it  is  but  a  miserable 
excuse,  at  the  best,  and  while  I  still 
have  one  in  my  workshop,  it  is  not 
taken  into  use  and  has  not  been  in  25 
years.  

The  Leipz  Bztg  tells  of  a  young  man 
jwho  became  a  bee-keeper  by  finding  a 
Jlate  swarm  hanging  on  a  bush.  He 
Itook  good  care  of  it,  wintered  it  and 
Ikept    carefully    increasing.    After    16 


A  dead  air  space  affords  not  nearly 
so  much  protection  as  one  filled  with 
non-conducting  materials,  eo  writes 
Dr.  Buttel  in  Central-blatt.  An  exper- 
iment shows  that  when  groiind  cork 
retains  77  per  cent,  of  the  warmth 
produced,  the  dead  air  space  retains 
only  18  per  cent. 


The  comb  foundation  manufacturer 
who  was  reported  last  month  to  be 
heavily  fined  for  using  a  large  portion 
of  paraffin  in  the  manufacture  of  his 
foundation,  makes  the  following  state- 
ment in  the  Die  Biene:  "Chemists 
have  about  the  same  difficulty  to  dis- 
tinguish pure  beeswax  from  adulter- 
ated waxes  that  they  have  to  tell  pure 
honey  from  adulterated  products.  It  is 
not  shown  that  the  chemist,  who  made 
the  analysis,  has  made  his  statements 
under  oath.  The  wax  which  was  used, 
in  the  manufacture  of  the  foundation 
was  such  as  was  received  from  the 
bee-keepers  as  pure  wax  and  came 
from  the  same  locality  where  the  adul- 
trated  foundation  was  found.     He,  the 


78 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


April, 


mauuiacturer,  was  not  allowed  by  the 
court  to  sliow  by  bis  employees  or  bis 
books  that  paraffin  bas  never  been 
bougbt  by  bim.  To  guard  against  adul- 
teration of  wax  it  would  be  necessary 
to  bave  every  cake  of  wax  cbemically 
tested,  a  tbing  not  practicable. 

Finally,  being  physically  unable  to 
continue  lawing  about  the  matter  he 
bad  to  give  up  carrying  the  case  into 
a  higher  court. 


Wurth  recommends  the  following 
method  to  test  the  purity  of  wax:  A 
email  piece  of  wax  is  covered  in  a 
glass  with  benzine  and  left  standing 
for  two  hours.  If  pure  the  wax  will 
be  dissolved  into  tine  scales.  Paraf- 
fin and  other  wax  of  vegetable  ori- 
gin retain  their  shape.  A  mixture  of 
beeswax  and  other  waxes  dis-solves 
partly— Die  Biene. 

O.  L.  Hershiser  has  a  competitor 
who  advertises  for  "Slumgum"  in  Die 
Biene. 

Bienen-Vater  reports  Dr.  Dzierzon 
being  ill  and  confined  to  his  bed. 


DAHOMEY. 

It  is  often  Stated  that  there  are 
many  drawback-s  to  bee-keeping  in  the 
South,  of  which  we  know  nothing  in 
the  North.  So  it  is  in  Dahomey. 
A  dark  colored  lizard  is  a  great  bee- 
enemy  tliere  and  is  so  plentiful  that 
one  cannot  take  a  step  without  start- 
ing up  half  a  dozen  of  the«e  vermin. 
They  are  not  only  found  in  the  field*^ 
and  forests;  they  are  also  found  in 
the  house-s,  on  the  roofs  and  every- 
where. They  devour  innumerable  in- 
sects such  as  mosquitoes,  ants,  etc., 
and  thus  serve  a  good  purpose.  But 
they  are  just  a«  anxious  after  bees  and 
it  is  a  problem  how  to  protect  the 
hives  against  their  depredations.— 
Der  Lehrmeister  in  Garten  und  Klem- 
tier  hof. 


FRANCE. 

Mr  Huillon  made  some  experiments 
on  the  evaporation  of  nectar  during  its 
transformation  into  honey.  The  honey 
extracted  after  being  sealed  has  (in 
his  locality)  a  density  of  1.424.  He 
took  out  all  the  combs  of  three  colonies 
except  those  containing  brood  only. 
Early  in  the  morning  he  gave  them 
emptv  combs.  At  night  he  took  the 
combs   out  of  one   colony   and   found 


that  the  honey,  or  rather  nectar  which 
they  contained  had  a  density  of  1.394 
The  combs  of  the  second  colony  wer^ 
taken  out  on  the  morning  of  the  nexi 
day.  The  density  of  the  honey  waj 
1.413.  The  third  colony  at  the  end  oi 
the  first  day  had  been  transported  to 
a  cellar  and  left  there  three  days.  The 
honey  therein  was  found  of  a  density 
of  1.432  that  is,  heavier  by  O.OOS  than 
the  ripe  honey  is  usually. 

N'Qiw  it  is  admitted  that  the  nectar 
such  as  it  is  in  the  flowers  contains 
80  per  cent  of  water  and  20  per  cent 
of  sugars  or  about.  This  would  give 
a  density  of  1.106. 

But  the  honey  or  nectar  found  in  the 
combs  at  the  end  of  the  day  in  whichf 
it  was  gathered  had  a  density  of  l.S^i 
which  gives  26  per  cent  of  water  and 
74  per  cent  of  sugars.  The  quantity 
of  water  has  considerably  diminished, 
On  the  next  morning  we  find  a  den-t 
sity  of  1.413  corresponding  to  22  per 
cent  of  water  and  78  per  cent  of  sugi 
ars;  that  is,  the  honey  is  nearly  ripe 
so  far  as  the  evaporation  is  concernedi 
At  the  end  of  three  days  the  hooej 
was  found  fully  evaporated.  But  judgi 
ing  by  the  rapidity  with  which  th 
evaporation  went  on  during  the  firs 
day.  it  was  probably  accomplishe«i 
through  the  next  day.  since  there  wa 
but  2  per  cent  of  water  to  evaporate 
Taking  the  above  figures  for  a  basis 
we  find  that  1000  grains  of  nectai 
such  as  it  is  in  the  flowers,  contain 
200  grams  of  sugars  and  800  of  wate* 
During  the  same  day  it  is  gathered  i 
loses  930  grams  of  water;  during  th 
following  night  only  14  grams  and  snl 
sequently  0  grams  more.  It  is  the 
honey  containing  20  per  cent  of  wate 
and  80  per  cent  of  sugars  and  of 
density  of  1.424. 

Or.  taking  it  from  another  stanc 
point,  the  1,000  grams  of  nectar  hav 
Iiecome  2.50  grams  of  honey— La  Revu 
Eclectique. 

A  correspondent  claims  that  whe 
the  queen  and  all  the  unsealed  broo 
are  removed,  no  laying  workers  ai 
produced.  He  says  he  has  tried  : 
repeatedly.  He  thinks  that  the  layin 
workers  are  from  larvae  fed  with  tb 
royal  jelly,  but  were  already  too  ol 
to  become  queens.  He  also  recalls  tt 
fact  that  the  colonies  which  lose  thai 
queen  during  the  winter  never  deve 
op  laying  workers. 


i 


905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


79 


published  monthly. 
Ihe  w.  t.  falconer  MANFG.  Co 

PROPRIETORS. 
H.    E.    HILL,  -  EDITOR, 

FORT  PIERCE,  FLA- 


Terms. 

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THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER, 

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EMtoriaL 


Mr.  and  Mr-s.  David  H.  Coggshall,  of 
roton,  N.  Y.,  have  been  spending 
le  winter  in  Florida  and  made  us  a 
easant  visit  of  several  days.  Speak- 
?  of  old  combs,  Mr.  Coggshall  said 
lat  he  had  a  number  of  brood  combs 
:\t  have  been  in  constant  use  for 
fty-four   years. 


FOREIGN  COMPETITION. 

We  have  received  from  the  South- 
we-3teru  Ohio  and  Hamilton  County 
Bee-Keepers'  As-sociation  a  circular 
letter,  the  object  of  which  is  to  investi- 
gate the  present  status  of  the  foreign 
honey  problem,  and  inviting  sugges- 
tions as  to  a  practical  means  of  deal- 
ing with  the  situation. 

Mr.  C.  P,  Dadant,  in  the  American 
Bee  Journal,  in  reference  to  the  vsame 
letter  says:  "If  the  bee-keepers  of  this 
country  desire  an  increase  in  the  tariff, 
they  can  surely  obtain  it  by  going 
about  it  in  the  right  way,"  and  sug- 
gests that  proceedings  should  be  con- 
ducted through  the  National  Bee- 
Keepers'  AS'Sociation. 

The  problem  is  a  serious  one,  and  it 
is  gratifying  to  note  that  interest  is 
being  awakened  in  the  matter,  though, 
we  confess,  the  remedy  is  not  ap- 
parent to  us.  The  greatest  competi- 
tion comes  from  Cuba,  and  to  -succeed 
in  securing  a  revision  of  the  tariff 
schedule  between  two  countries  where- 
in reciprocal  tr»ide  relations  are  in 
affect,  will  doubtless  require  greater 
effort  and  longer  time  than  may  be 
anticipated. 

It  is  well  that  the  matter  is  to  be  in- 
vestigated by  organized  bee-keepers, 
and  careful  study  of  the  situation 
backed  by  determined  effort  may 
eventually  bear  fruit. 


The  division  in  the  ranks  of  the  bee 

en  of  the  Snug  Little  Isle  and  that 

Emerald  hue  are  along  tne  lines  of 

e     Autocrats     and  Popocrats  rather 

an  between  Aristocrats  and     Demo- 

ats.    It  would  probably  be  the  same 

're.    The  desire  to  rule  or  ruin  seems 

affect  small  groups  both  sides  of  the 

nd,'  "  write-s  a  correspondent. 


A   BEGINNER'S   QUESTIONS. 
Editor  Bee-Keeper: 

I  am  a  beginner  in  bee-keeping  and 
should  like  to  ask  a  few  questions  in 
regard  to  the  business,  as  follows: 

First — Do  you  think  bees  winter  bet- 
ter in  deep-framed  hives  than  in  shal- 
low one.s? 

Second — Do  mice  ever  destroy  bi-cs 
in  cold  weather? 

Third— Would  it  be  all  right  to  nail 
over  the  top  of  hive  in  winter  a  piece 
of  tin  just  the  size  of  the  top?  Please 
answer  in  next  issue  of  The  Bee-Keep- 
er, and  oblige.  Yours  truly, 

John  McNall. 

1— In  the  event  of  a  protracted  peri- 
od of  low  temperature  the  deep  frame 
i«  more  favorable  to  succes.sful  win- 
tering; although  bees  are  frequently 
wintered  perfectly  in  very  shallow 
hives.  Hence,  it  could  not  be  said  that 
bees  "winter  better  in  deep-framed 
hives."  The  excellent  wintering  fea- 
ture of  the  deep  frame  lies  in  the  ac- 
cessibility of  the  stores.     In  the  shal- 


80                                     THE    AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER.                                 Apr 

low    hive    the   stores    of    liouey   -some-  "Bee    Paper^j— 'The    regulatiou    b 

times  become  divided,  and  while  there  journal  of  today  has  simmered  dov 

may  be  an  ample  supply  of  houey  in  to  the  discussion  of  "When  to  put  < 

one'  end  of  the  frame>s,  the  cluster  of  supers.''     Thus,     the     American     Be 

bees  may  be  at  the  other  end,  and  the  Keeper,  Editor  Hill,  sighs  for  the  da 

temperature  being  so  low  the  bees  are  of    "the    Stingle«ss   Bee   Association 

unable  to  move,  and  therefore  starve.  America,"  with  its   10-dollar  «ubscri 

In  the  deep  frame,  the  honey  is  always  tion    to   give   the    promoter   a    trip 

above,   and   consequently  acces-sible.  Brazil.     1  should  like  to  become  a  pi 

2. — Mice     often     "play  havoc"  with  moter  of  such  an  association  here,  bi 

brood  combs  during  the  winter.     They  failing  that,   1  don't  oliject  to  be  tc 

cause  the  honey  to  run  and  may  seri-  when  to  put  on  supers.'* 

ously  injure  a  colony  in  Avinter  quar-  Editor  Digges  leaves  it  open  to  cc 

ters.     If  beas  are  in  mice-infested  re-  jecture  as  to  whether  he  would  e-stn 

pository   it  is   well  to   screen   the   en-  ijgjj    ^^^    Spygla.ss   in   some   one  of   t 

trances  to  exclude  them.  many     "Bee-keepers'      Paradises" 

3— Tin     fastened     over  the  hive  in  which  we  read,  or  whether  he  woi 

winter    would    be   a    very   detrimental  ^g,jj|  ^jjjjj  ^^  Helena,  INIontana.  but 

arrangement.     Slight   upward   ventila-  eommits  himself  to  some  extent,  as  f 

tion.    with   some   good  absorbent  over  jQ^y.^. 

the   hive  is   much   better,   for  obvious  »^g  gj^jjii  gladly   subscribe   to  yc 

reasons.— Editor.  association,  if  you  allow  us  to  fix  yc 


destination!  H.  E.  Hill  is  nothing  if  i  ,,, 


THIS  IS  FUNNY.  original.    Give  him  a  nice,  fresh  gho 

Mon-istown.    N.   .1.,   March  22. — Ow-   and  a  'punic,'  and  he  will  serve  you 

ing  to  the   very   severe  Winter   many   something     more     startling  than  mt 

colonies  of  bees  have  been  extermin-   supering.      Beyond   a    doubt,    the  si 

ated,  with  the  result  that  honey  will  be   mering  down  procesis  needs  watchin: 

scarce  and  high  this  summer.     Willis 

Andrew,      who     lives     at   Lamington,  uwTr>  orkP  't?at  rt?  ii- " 

thought  he  would  take  a  look  at  his  ^^  ^^  ^^^    ^^^  ^^^^-^• 

colonies  on  :ylondav,  and  out  of  twen-  Some  time  ago  we  encountered  i 
ty-four  hives  he  found  but  five  liv-  following  inspiration  (?)  m  a  ^  irgi 
iiig  bees.     He  estimates  that  he  lost  at  farm  paper: 

least  100,000  bees  bv  the  cold  weather.  "Honey  Bees  Outdone.— We  got 
They  were  not  killed  bv  the  cold,  but  beat!  Our  formula  makes  fine.  h( 
the  honey  on  which  thev  depended  for  thy  honey  for  T^  cents  a  pound.  Foi 
subsistence  had  remained  .so  solidly  nla  and  complete  directions  mai 
frozen  during  the  cold  weather  that  free  for  20  cents,  or  free  if  you  s( 
the  bees  ^stal•ved  to  death.  -^0  cents  for  the  Inland  one  year.  Mf 

The  warm  rain  yesterday  took  off  a  fortune  manufacturing  this  hon 
the  last  of  the  snow,  which  has  been  put  in  glass  tumblers.  You  can  dou 
on  the  ground  in  some  parts  of  the  your  money  and  still  undersell, 
country  continuously  for  112  days.  At  others.  Address  Inland  Review 
the  German  Valley  Inn  a  weather  rec-  somewhere  out  in  Ohio, 
ord  hasS  been  kept  daily  for  the  past  They  say  fortune  knocks  but  once 
1!)4  years,  and  the  record  of  this  win-  jmy  man's  door;  and  as  the  wi'iter  I 
ter  -shows  that  the  average  tempera-  been  patiently  waiting  for.  going 
ture  has  been  lower  than  at  any  time  ,s;e^•enty-six  years  for  the  cheery  r 
since  ITOP,,  although  the  snowfall  was  a-tap-tap  of  Dame  Fortune's  knucb 
not  as  great  as  some  years  of  the  early  niton  his  cabin  door,  he  was  not  si 
part  of  the  nuineteenth  century. — Ex.  to  recognize  in  this  appeal  a  courtet 

invitation    to   become   almost   immt 

IRISH  WIT.  ately  very  wealthy.     It  was  like  h. 

We  have  referred  before  to  the  uni-  ing  two  or  thi-ee  state  and  natlo: 
que  department  of  "A  Spyglass,"  in  banks  placed  in  one's  stocking 
the  Irish  Bee  .Tournal.  and  the  spiei-  rhristma-s  time.  And  all  so  sudd 
ne.s-s  of  the  editorials  which  character-  Visions  of  stately  marble  halls,  an 
ize  this  sprightlv  and  interesting  mobiles,  steam  yachts,  landed  esta 
journal.  In  the  March  number  "A  Spy-  stretching  away  to  the  horizon  a 
"lass"  comments  thus:  cattle  upon  a  thousand  hills,   sped 


lilO."). 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


SI 


piinoramic  •succession  before  bis  be- 
wildered imagination.  This  was  his 
first  real  conception  of  what  "frenzied 
finance"  really  meant;  but  it  was  grat- 
ifying to  feel  that  patient  waiting  had 
been  rewarded  at  last.  However,  it 
would  not  do  to  betray  tlie  fact  that 
he  was  guilty  of  being  associated  with 
anything  pertaining  to  the  vanquished 
bee  whom  his  benefactor-to-be  had  so 
coni])letely  put  out  of  business.  A  let- 
ter head  would  give  it  away;  vso  Avith 
the  business  sagacity  of  an  Addicks 
with  a  lead  pencil  in  his  left  hand 
upon  a  plain  sheet  of  cheap  i)aper,  he 
wrote: 
Inland  Review: 

Akron,  Ohio,  Dear  Sir.  I  am  sentling 
the  twenty  ct-<.  an  postage  -stamps,  and 
hope  .vou    will    send    me  your   receipt 


that  tells  how   to   make  good  healthy 
l)ee>s  honey    loi-  ."»  cents  a   pound, 
yours  truly, 
Hari-y   Hill,   T^ort  I'ierce,   Fla.' 

The  capital  to  obtain  necessary  in- 
formation was  not  to  be  an  obstacle 
in  so  important  a  matter;  and  as  he 
had  twelve  cents  that  liad  not  yet  been 
spent,  he  had  noi  great  difficulty  in  se- 
curing a  loan  of  eight  cents  more,from 
a  friend  who  had  but  recently  come 
to  town.  So  it  remained  only  to  buy 
and  enclose  the  .stamps  and  wait. 
Again,  he  v^Mst  wait,  but  a  little  while. 
Rut  T'ncle  Sam's  mail  service  is  sure 
and  rapid.  The  days  dragged  by  until, 
at   last,   it  came. 

Here  it  is.  We  give  it  freely  in  fac 
simile  to  our  readers,  -so  that  vre  may 
all  henceforth  enjoy  luxury  and  idle- 
ness.    Help  yourself,  dear  reader: 


Mr.  .J.  L.  Byer,  Markham,  Out., 
wrote,  March  11:  "Our  300  colonies 
wintering  out  of  door-s  seem  to  be 
wintering  well,  although  they  have  not 
had  a  flight  since  November  1st." 
March  15,  Mr.  W.  J.  Davis,  Younjs- 
ville.  Pa.,  had  this  to  say  of  the  situa- 
tion: "We  are  still  in  the  embrace  of 
winter.      Mercury   at  zero   this   morn- 


ing, with  from  one  to  two  feet  of  snow 
on  the  ground.  Bees  in  winter  quar- 
tens  since  November  11,  but  they  ap- 
pear to  be  standing  it  well."  Many 
similar  reports  have  come  in,  to  indi- 
cate that  notwithstanding  the  severe 
winter,  prospects  for  safe  wintering 
are  encouraging,  and  plans  for  taking 
care  of  the  coming  harv&st  are  being 
made    everywhere. 


82 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Apr] 


WANTS  INFORMATION. 


Shelbyville,  Ky.,  Feb.  27,  1905.- 
Editor  Bee-Keeper: 

After  keepiug  bees  for  twelve  years 
I  have  just  found  out  tbat  I  am  but 
a  novice.  Last  fall  I  put  11  colonies 
into  the  cellar  and  on  February  22d 
four  of  them  were  dead.  Two  colonies 
were  last  year's  swarms  and  two  were 
old  colonies.  I  have  wintered  without 
loss  out  of  door8  for  the  past  six  years, 
but  have  lost  upon  my  first  trial  of  cel- 
lar Avintering.  All  had  plenty  of  honey 
to  run  them  until  the  beginning  of  the 
honey  flow.  The  old  colonies  had  the 
brood  chamber  full  of  honey,  except- 
ing a  little  place  in  the  centre.  I 
should  like  to  a«k  a  few  questions: 

1 — What  killed  my  bees? 

2 — Such  a  swarm  should  give  as 
honey  in  the  super  the  same  year  if 
there  is  a  good  honey  flow? 

3 — Will  it  pay  to  kill  the  queen  and 
allow  a  swarm  to  return  to  the  old 
hive  if  one  hasn't  a  hive  to  put  them 
in? 

4 — What  is  the  best  hive  for. comb 
honey,  the  eight-  or  ten-frame  size? 

5 — What  is  the  best  to  use  in  the 
•smoker?  Is  tobacco  too  strong? 

A  large  per  cent,  of  the  bees  that 
died  had  crawled  into  empty  cells. 

J.   K.   REESE. 

1 — It  is  not  improbable  that  they 
were  "killed"  by  too  much  honey. 
That  is,  they  suffered  from  a  condi- 
tion known  as  "honey-bound."  If  the 
brood  chamber  is  allowed  to  become 
clogged  with  honey  in  the  fall  months, 
the  queen  has  no  opportunity  to  lay 
eggs  to  the  extent  necessary  to  supply 
enough  j'oung  bees  to  winter.  The  old 
working  force  soon  die  off  and  thus 
leave  the  colony  depopulated.  The 
queen  must  have  room   to   breed. 

2 — Such  a  farm  should  give  as 
much  surplus  honey  as  any  colony  in 
the  yard. 

3 — No;  it  will  pay  to  provide  hivos 
in  advance  for  the  reception  of 
swarm.s.  Bee  culture  never  pays  un- 
der -such  circumstances. 

4 — This  is  a  debatable  question  that 
has  occupied  about  as  much  space  as 
any  other  subject  that  has  been  dis- 
cussed in  the  bee  journals.  We  prefer 
eight  frames,  if  the  Langstroth  is  in 
use. 

5 — Tobacco  is  not  good  for  smoker 
fuel.     Rotten   wood,   cotton   rags,   old 


fertilizer  or  grain  sacks,  the  bark  ( 
hardwood  trees,  or  almost  anj'  ver 
dry  vegetable  material  will  answer.- 
Editor. 


BY    THE    ASSOCIATE    EDITOR 

In  the  American  Bee-Keeper  f( 
March  in  the  Bee-Keeping  World,  tt 
translator  expresses  lack  of  convi 
tion  from  the  experiments  of  Dr.Bni: 
nich  as  to  the  virility  of  drones  fro; 
virgin  queens. 

Prof.  Leuckret  found  that  bol 
drones  from  vu'gin  queens  and  fro: 
fertile  workers  were  equally  as  viri 
as  those  from  fertilized  queens. 


Apropos  of  the  discussion  as  to  tl 
value  of  doiuble-walled  and  chaff  hive 
versus  single-walled  and  paper-protec 
ed  hives,  the  following  from  the  pe 
of  Mr.  P.  H.  Ehvood,  in  the  America 
Bee  .lournal  for  February  23,  is  of  i 
terest:  Writing  of  the  late  Cap 
Hetherington,  he  says:  "He  was 
close  observer  and  quick  to  adopt  ii 
provements.  Befoi'e  he  had  been 
the  business  a  half-dozen  years  he  hi: 
perfected  a  double- walled  hive  with 
chamber  of  confined  air  between  ai' 
had  applied  for  a  patent  on  the  sam 
On  thorough  trial  he  discovered  th;; 
while  warmer  for  awhile  this  doubi 
wall  prevented  the  sun  from  dryli 
out  the  moisture,  and  the  hive  scK- 
became  damp  and  consequently  col 
He  made  600  of  these  and  mechar 
cally  they  were  probably  as  perfect  i 
hives  can  be  made."  In  connectio 
with  this  Mr.  Parkers'  article  in  tl 
March  American  Bee-Keeper  can  I 
read  with  profit. 


'HONEY     MARKET      UNUSUALli 
DULL." 


From  a  contemporary: — 

"The  comb-honey  lies  that  cropp6 
out  so  frequently  last  summer  and  fal 
and  the  talk  about  adulterated  hone 
in  the  magazines  and  health  journal 
have  done  their  deadly  work,  for  tH 
honey  market  seems  to  be  in  very  ba 
way  throughout  the  country  just  nofV 
We  expect,  however,  that  condition 
will  improve  as  soon  as  new  honey  i 
out." 

The  public's  knowledge  of  the  be« 
keepers   feeding   of   tons   of   sugar  t 


heir  bees  has  nothing  to  do  with  it. 
lo,  oh,  no!  Certainly  not.  by  any 
aanner  of  means!  Bee-lveepers  are 
onest  and  they  Avouldn't  cheat  the 
ear  public.  Poor,  dear,  deluded  pub- 
Blessed  "child-like  and  bland"  bee- 
eepers. 


905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


83 


iriLL   ^VOMAN   BE   APPOINTED? 

he  Heads  Eligible   Li«t  from   Which 
Bronx   Bee-Keeper   Will   be   Chosen. 

Although  Miss  Emma  V.  Haggerty, 
f  this  city,  stands  first  on  the  eligible 
st  from  which  Park  Commissioner 
chroeder  is  to  appoint  one  of  the 
tiree  apiarists  whom  he  thinks  he 
eeds  to  look  after  the  city's  bees  in 
tie  parks  in  the  Bronx,  it  i«  said  to 
e  extremely  unlikelj^  that  she  will  re- 
eive  the  appointment.  The  position 
ays  $1,200  a  year. 

Miss  Haggerty  is  not  only  one  of  the 
lirteen  to  obtain  a  rating  of  70  per 

Dt  or  better  In  the  examination 
•hich  the  Civil  Service  Commission 
olds  for  the  purpose  of  providing 
ligible  beekeeper*  for  the  city,  but, 
I  competition  with  thirty-odd  men, 
tie  stands  clear  at  the  head,  with  a 
andsome  97  per  cent. 

As  not  every  one  is  called  upon  to 

ike   a    citj^   beekeeper's    examination. 

even  knows  what  a  city  beekeeper 

the     following  questions  from  the 

lamination     which     Miss     Haggerty 

ssed  are  illuminating: 

1.  What  is  the  ordinary  size  of  a 
)mmunity  of  the  common  honey  bee? 
''hat  is  the  special  function  of  the 
iieen,  the  workers  and  the  drones  in 
ich  a  community?  How  many  are 
lere  of  each? 

2.  In  what  respect  does  the  cell  of 
le  queen  bee  differ  from  that  of  other 

es? 

3.  INIention  two  ordinary  diseases  to 
hich  bees  are  liable,  and  give  the 
medy  for  each. 

4.  For  what  purpose-s  has  the  prop- 
jation  of  bees  been  undertaken  by 
e  city?  Decribe  a  plan  to  exhibit 
ies  for  public  observation.  Illustrate 
'  sketch. 

6.  What  is  the  usual  cause  of 
varming?  How  is  it  prevented? 
ow  may  a  swarm  of  bees  be  recap- 
red? 

7.  What  is  the  best  way  of  protect- 


ing the  public  from  being  stung  by 
the  bees,  and  at  the  same  time  letting 
the  public  bc-st  observe  their  habits? 

8.  What  happens  when  bees  are  left 
without  a  queen?  How  ma.v  a  queen 
be  provided? 

9.  From  what  cause  do  bees  suffer  in 
winter?  What  precautions  should  be 
taken  to  protect  them  while  confined 
to  their  hives? 

All  told,  the  city  has  about  thirty 
hives  of  bees.  If  present  plans  are 
carried  out,  and  the  three  apiarists  are 
appointed,  the  city  will  be  paying  at 
the  rate  of  $120  a  year  a  hive.  Who 
gets  the  honey  is  one  of  the  mysteries 
of  modern  municipal  statecraft. 

(The  foregoing  from  a  New  York 
paper  was  sent  tO'  us  last  month  by 
some  unknown  friend. — Editor.) 


WINTER  CONDITIONS. 
Upperco,  Ind.,  Feb.  9,  1905. 
Editor  Bee-Keeper: 

Our  winter  here  has  been  a  long  and 
severe  one.  The  thermometer  has 
registered  as  low  as  six  or  seven  below 
zero.  It  has  been  very  cold  most  of 
the  winter.  Bees  have  been  shut  in 
since  October  1st.  with  the  exception 
of  a  few  days. 

I  examined  one  colony  in  January, 
one  warm  day,  and  the  brood  would 
equal  one  side  of  a  Hoffman  frame. 

I  thought  that  was  very  good,  as 
much  cold  weather  as  we  have  had. 

I  see,  in  the  January  issue  of  the 
American  BeeKeeper.  that  two  patents 
for  bee  hives  have  been  issued.  Will 
you  please  state  what  it  costs  to  issue 
such  patents  ? 

D.   H.   Zenckler. 

We  regret  our  inability  to  supply  the 
information  desired.  Full  particulars 
may  be  obtained,  however,  by  address- 
ing the  patent  solicitors  who  advertise 
in  The  Bee-Keeper.— Editor. 


BEEKEEPERS   HOLD   MEETING. 

Grand  Rapids,  March  10.— The 
Michigan  State  Beekeepers'  Associa- 
tion held  its  annual  convention  last 
week.  Fifty  members  were  in  atten- 
dance. The  exhibits  of  honey  and 
honey  apparatus  were  large  and  inter- 
esting. The  National  Biscuit  Co..  dis- 
played about  2.3  products  in  which 
honey  had  been  used.  The  convention 
next  year  will  be  held  at  Jackson. 


84 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


April 


CONYNGTON    ON    COPORATE 
ORGANIZATION, 


This  volume  is  just  issued  and  is 
similar  in  style,  size  and  price  to  its 
companion  volume,  "Corporate  Man- 
agement," by  the  same  authoi*.  This 
latter  work  has  had  a  large  sale 
among  the  leading  attorneys  and  cor- 
porations of  the  counti-y.  The  author 
of  these  books,  Mr.  Thomas  Conyng- 
ton  of  the  New  York  Bar,  is  a  corpor- 
ation lawyer  of  extended  experience 
and  is  the  author  of  several  successful 
works  on  corporation  law. 

"Corporate  Organization"  is  unique 
in  several  respects,  and,  dealing  prac- 
tically with  the  subject  of  incorpora- 
ation,  is  a  timely  work  of  more  than 
ordinary  interest.  It  contains  much 
valuable  matter  that  is  found  in  no 
other  volume.  Special  attention  is 
called  to  the  following  points:  (1)  It 
states  fully  and  clearly  the  possibili- 
ties of  incorporation,  showing  just 
what  its  advantages  are  and  how  they 
may  be  best  attained,  Avhat  disadvan- 
tages and  dangers  may  be  encountered 
and  how  and  to  what  extent  these 
may  be  avoided  or  overcome.  (2)  It 
treats — from  the  standpoint  of  bus- 
iness and  finance  as  well  as  that  of 
law— all  the  important  features  of  in- 
corporation, such  as  capitalization, 
preparation  of  charter,  organization  of 
company,  issuance  of  stoclv,  etc.  (3) 
It  discusses  practically  many  matters 
of  vital  importance  to  incorporators 
such  as  the  adjusitment  of  interest 
among  incorporating  parties,  the  pro- 
tection of  the  minority,  the  mainte- 
nance of  an  agreed  policy  or  manage- 
ment, the  issuance  of  stock  for  prop- 
erty, the  safeguarding  of  special  inter- 
ests, etc.  (4)  It  discusses  the  use  of 
voting  trusts,  holding  corporations,  un- 
derwriting and  the  other  modern  in- 
strumentalities of  corporate  or  pre-cor- 
porate  activity.  Its  forms  are  of  un- 
u.sual   excellence. 

In  short  the  work  is  a  thoroughly 
first-class,  up-to-date  and  practical 
manual  of  incorporation. 

Published  by  the  Ronand  Press 
Company  of  20,3  Broadway,  New  York. 
Price,  postpaid,  buckram  binding, 
.$2.70;  sheep  .$,'',.20. 


friend  in  the  West,  has  been  appointei 
iuvspector  of  apiaries  for  Santa  Bar 
liara  County  California.  We  con 
gratulate  both  ^Ir.  Parker  and  tht 
Bee-keepers  of  Santa  Barbara  county. 


Mr.  Fred  A.  Parker,  than  whom  the 
American    Bee-Keeper    has    no    truer 


There  is  notliing  about  a  hive  so  im 
portant  as  the  queen.  She  is  the  hear 
of  the  colony.  From  her  comes  thi, 
life  blood,  as  it  were,  the  young  bee 
to  take  the  place  of  those  which  ar 
wearing  out  and  dying.  —  Morle; 
Pettit. 


With  all  the  cold  weather  we  ap^ 
having  I  think  the  bees  are  winterii 
well.  January  1  it  was  warm  enoug 
for  them  to  come  out.  but  since  the 
thev  have  been  shut  in. — F.  Greiner. 


Several  of  the  "Apiculteur's"  corrt 
spondents  claim  that  the  colonies  wit 
a  fair  number  of  drones  yield  mol 
surplus  than  those  which  have  non 
or  only  very  few.  The  editor  suggest 
that  the  presence  of  drones  may  incit 
the  bees  to  work  more  actively  in  oi 
der  to  provide  them. — L'Apiculteur. 

The  government  statistics  given  i 
France  for  1903  show  1,793,205  col< 
nies.  The  honey  produced  was  c 
123,347  kilos,  and  the  wax  productic 
1,815,999  kilos.  (Five  kilos  are  equ 
to  about  eleven  American  pounds 
— L'Apiculteur. 


Honey   and   Beesvrax   Market. 


Boston,   M'lrnh    9.— The  demand   for  cod 

hone.v  still  continues  light  with  heavy  stoc 

on  hand.    Fancy  white,  I;ic  to  16c;  Nn.  1, 14 

Extracted,  6c  toSc,  according  to  quality, 

Bake,  t^cott  &  Lee 


Cincinnati.  March  10.— There  is  little, 
any,  improvement  in  the  honey  market  he 
since  our  last  ciuotation.  We  hope  to  rend 
a  more  encouraging  report  soon.  Quo 
amber  extracted  honey  in  barrels  and  ca 
at  5',4c  Hnd  6V21':  White  Clover  7c  and  fi 
Fancy  White  Comb  Honev  at  12c  and  13 
Beeswax,  28c.  The  Fred  W.  Muth  Oo 

No.  51  Walnut  St. 


Cliicago,  March  8  —There  has  been  som 
what  of  an  increase  in  the  number  of  sal 
during  the  past  four  weeks,  yet  the  volar 
his  not  been  largo,  wliile  prices  are  if  an 
thing  Ifiwer  tlian  in  .Tanuary,  especially  1 
other  gjades  than  White  Clover.  Fani 
grades  of  White  Comb  bring  12'4c  to  13c;  ^ 
1,  12c.  with  some  oft"  color  at  lie  to  IWt 
Amber  grades  slow  at  .sc  to  10c;  Extract! 
Wliite.  tic  to  7c;  Ambe--.  SViC  to  ti^c,  the  pri 
being  ffovernfd  by  quality,  flavor  and  pac 
age.  Beeswax  if"  clean  and  s:ond  color,  3 
perpou"d.  U.  A    Burnett  &  Oo. 

199  .S    Water  St. 


HONrV  DEALERS*  DIRECTORyI 


I^^Under  this  heading  will  be  inserted,  for  reliable  dealers,  two  lines  one 
year  for  $1.25.  Additional  words,  12c  a  word.  No  announcement  can 
be  accepted  for  less  than  one  year  at  these  rates._^| 


OHIO. 


H.  W.  WEBER,  Freeman  and  Central 
Aves.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  If  for  sale,  mail 
sample,  and  state  price  expected  delivered 
in  Cinicinnati.  If  in  want,  write  for  prices, 
and   state  quality  and  quantity   desired. 

(5-5) 


'e  are  always  in  the  market  for  extracted 
honey,  as  we  sell  unlimited  quantities.  Send 
us  a  sample  and  your  best  price  delivered 
here.  THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Wal- 
nut St.,   Cincinnati,   Ohio.  (5-5) 


COLORADO. 


THE  COLORADO   HONEY  PRODUCERS' 
ASS'N,  1440  Market  St,  Denyer,  Colo.        6 


ILLINOIS. 


R.    A    BURNETT   &   CO.,   199   South    Water 
Street,    Chica^.  (5.5) 


;ent=a=Word  Column. 


.  H.  REEVES,  Dealer  in  Bees,  Bee-keepers' 
Supplies,  Root's  goods  at  Root's  Factory 
Prices.  Send  for  Catalogues  and  Price  list. 
Perch  River,   N,   Y.  May 


WANTED — bees    and    hives,    cheap   for   cash. 
Geo.    Ranch,  West  Orange,   N.   J. 


TANDEM  BICYCLE  (for  man  and  lady) 
cost  J150,  in  first-class  condition,  was  built  to 
order  for  the  owner.  Tires  new.  Will  sell 
for  ?25  cash.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Ad- 
dress   .T-    Clayborne    Merrill.    130    Lakeview, 


JENTS  WANTED  to  sell  advertising  nov- 
ies,  good  commission  allowed.  Send  for 
catalogue    and    terms.      American    Manufac- 


300,000,000   IN   POULTRY 

Do  you  know  that  the  government  census 
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:ar  at  very  nearly  $300,000,000? 

Pnnltrv  SiirrA«c   ^^^  ^^^^  Century 
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sample  copy. 


tf. 


The  News,  Fort  Pierce,  Fla. 


Bee=Keepers'  Supplies 

1  1/^  story  Sframe  L-Hive $  1  00 

No.  1  sections  Bee-way,  per  1000 4  00 

Plain 3  75 

No.  2,  £e  less. 
24  lb.  Shipping  Case.s,  per  100 13  QQ 

Berry  Baskets,   Hallock  Boxes,  Crates,  etc . 
kept  in  stock  and  sold  cheap.    Send  for  list. 

W.    D.   50  P  E  R 

R.  F.  D.  No.  3.  Jackson,  Mich. 


MILLER'S 

Queen  Rearing 
System 

SUPERIOR  TO   ALL   OTHERS 


Used  Only  for 


Providence  Queens 

Send  your  orders  now  and  remit  when 

Queens  arc  ready,  thus  insuring 

early    delivery. 


NEW  CATALOG  ON  REQUEST 

LAWRENCE  C.  MILLER 

H  tf 


PROVIDENCE,  R.  I 

P.  0.  Box  1113 


Three    Months  for    Only  ?0    Cents, 
To   a     yciv    Suhscriher. 


THE 

AMERICAN  BEE  JOURNAL 

Established  in  1»G1 

It  is  the  only  iveekly  bee  paper  in  America. 
Those  who  write  for  it  are  among  the  most 
extensive  and  successful  bee-licepers  in  the 
world.  Many  of  them  produce  honey  by  the 
ton,  and  make  money  at  the  business,  hence 
their  experience  is  valuable. 

Among  the  Departments  Represented  in  the 
Bee  Journal  Are  These: 

Editorial  Notes  and  Comments;  Mis- 
cellaneous News  Items;  Contributed 
Special  Articles:  Opinions  of  Some  Ex- 
perts; Proceedings  of  Conventions;  Our 
Bee-Keeping  Sisters;  Mr.  Hasty's  After- 
thoughts; Dr.  Miller's  Answers  to 
Questions;  Honey  and  Beeswax  Mar- 
ket Quotations. 

Every  bee-keeper,  whether  having  one 
colony  or  100,  should  read  the  old  American 
Bee  Journal  every  week. 

Only  SI. 00  a  vear;  or  20  cents  for  a  trial  trip 
of  three  months,  (13  copies),  to  a  new  sub- 
scriber.   Sample  copy  free.    Ask  for  it. 

George  W.  Yorh  %  Co. 


334  Dearborn  Street 


Chicago  Illinois 


Big  Song  Book 


"Polly,  I  Love  But  You,"  words  and  music; 
"Piking  the  Pike,"  "Just  Because  I'm  From 
Missouri,"  "Hiawatha,"  "Navajo,"  "Bedelia," 
"Josie,"  "Only  a  Factory  Girl,"  "Flirting  at 
the  Seashore,"  "The  Little  Brown  Man  of 
Japan,"  "Come  Down,  Miss  Malinda,"  "Ma. 
Ragtime  Ebony  Belle,"  and  44  other  popular 
songs,  all  in  one  book,  and  sent  postpaid  for 
only  10  CENTS.  We  will  also  send  a  coupon 
good  for  10  cents  to  everyone  mentioning  in 
what  paper  they  saw  this  ad. 


This  is  a  special  offer  to  introduce  our 
goods,  so  send  at  once. 


H.D.  LEADER  CO. 

tf  GRAND   RAPIDS,    MICH. 


MUSIC  LOVERS 


BIG  M4GAZINE  ONE  YEAR  FOR  TEN  CENT} 

Send  us  lo  cents  in  silver,  together 
with  the  names  of  ten  persons  who 
get  mail  at  your  postoffice  who  are 
interested  in  MUSIC,  and  we  will 
send  you  our  handsome  magazine 
one  year.  We  receive  hundreds  of 
new  subscriptions  daily  from  per- 
sons who  think  our  magazine  a  big- 
ger bargain  than  Harper's,  Mun- 
.sey's.  Ladies'  Home  Journal,  or 
McClure's.  This  is  a  special  offer 
for  a  short  time  only. 


OUR    SUBSCRIPTION    PRICE    MAY 
ADVANCE  TO   $1    PER  YEAR  SOON 


BERGES 

Dep.  H.  D. 


PUBLISHING   COJ 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


I  publish  aud   recoiium;n(J  to  you 

THE 

Rural  Bee=Keeper 


The  best  all-round  50c  monthly  bee-jour- 
nal in  America.  On  trial  three  months 
for  this  ad  with  10c.  Clubbed  with  this 
publication,  both  for  one  year  for  70o,  or 
send  us  25  cents  for  a  three  months'  trial 
and  your  name  and  address  on  2-line  rub- 
ber stamp;  self-inking  pad  25c  extra.  Or 
send  il  and  get  the  Rural  Bee  Keeper  and 
an  untested  Italian  Queen  Bee.  Sample 
copy  free.    Agents  get  liberal  terms. 


Putnam    Makes   Good   Bee    Kives 

and  sells  them  at  reasonable  prices. 
New  catalogue  now  ready.    Address 


W.  H.  PUTNAM 

DEPARTMENT  14-W      RIVER  FALLS.  WIS. 


National  Bee^ Keepers'  Association, 

The  largest  bee-keepers'  society   in  the 
world . 

_    Organized    to  protect    and  promote   the 
interests  of  its  members. 

Membership  Fee,  $1.00  a  Year. 

N.  E.  FRANCE,  Platteville,  Wis., 

General  Manager  and  Treasure] 


Are  You  Looking 
for  a  Home? 


If  so  send  for  a  I'opy  of  The  Farm  and 
Real  Estate  Journal.  It  has  lands  adver- 
tised in  it  from  nearly  every  state  in  the 
Union;  also  city  property  of  all  kinds  and 
stocks  of  goods  for  sale  or  exchange.  So 
that  anyone  looking  for  a  home  or  a  loca- 
tion can  find  anything  he  wishes  in  this 
Journal.  It  reaches  33,000  readers  every 
issue  and  is  one  of  the  best  advertising 
mediums  to  reach  the  farmer  and  home- 
seeker.  Advertising  rates  2c  per  word 
for  small  ads,  or  $1  per  inch  single  column 
each  insertion.  Send  75c  and  we  will 
mail  you  the  Journal  for  one  year,  or  for 
lOo  in  silver  or  stamps  we  will  send  it  for 
two  mouths'  on  trial  And  Journal  will 
be  stopped  at  the  end  of  two  months  if 
you  don't  renew.     Ko  copies  sent  free. 

H-Feb.  tf 


Farm  &  Real  Estate  Journal 

Traer,  Tama  Co,  Iowa 


I  SELL 


Honey,  Bees,  Land  and  Lumber 


THOS.WORTHINQTON, 


LEOTA,  MISS. 


The  Graham-Hyde  Bee  Co, 

Falconer's  Bee-Keepers'  Supplies  ^JXS.  '"'"■    *' ""  "*'"""'* 


western  states  and  Mexi( 


house  covering  the  entire   south- 
Send  for  special  catalog,  etc. 
Rppc    anii    OiiAAnc      ^11  leading  races.      Bees  and  Nuclei  in  any  quantity  for  distant 
uc^S    ailU    yuccilS      shipments  a  specialty.    Send  for  circular  and  prices. 
HoneV     and     Wax     l^o"S;ht  a^fl  sold.       Honey    cans   in    season;    be    sure  and  get  our 

Our     Mntf  n    '^'"  ^*^'®  everything  the  bee-keeper  needs  and  to  buy  his  products  in  return. 
\JUI     iTlUllU    Correspondence  earnestly  solicited. 

The  Graham-Hyde  Bee  Company 

SLCCESSORS  TO  THE  HYDE  BEE  SIPPLY  CO.,   SAN  ANTONIO,  TEXAS 


ll 


ONE-HALF  INCH  SPACE  ONE  TEAR  ON  THIS  PAGE,  $3.00. 


WJ.  DAVIS,  1st,   YOUNGSVILLE,  PA.. 
•      breeder    of    choice     Italian     Bees    and 
Queens.     Quality,   not  quantity,   is   my   motto. 


QUEENS  HEKE.  We  are  still  askiiifj  you  to 
give  us  your  trade.  We  sell  Italians.  Goldeus 
and  Caruiolaus  at  75e  for  untested  and  $1.00,  for 
tested.  Prices  on  quantities  and  nuclei  udou  ap  • 
plication. John  W.  Pharr,  Berclair,  Te.\as.  Jan6 


Q  VVARTHMORE  APIARIES,  SWARTH- 
O  MORE,  PA.  Our  bees  and  queens  are  the 
brightest  Italians  procurable.  Satisfaction 
quaranteed.  Correspondence  in  English, 
French,  German  and  Spanish.  Shipments  to 
all  parts  of  the  world. 


-THE  FRED  VV.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Walnut  St. 
1  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Standard  Bred  Rec 
Clover  Three-banded  Queens,  Golden  Italians 
and  Carniolans.  Safe  arrival  guaranteed.  Senc 
for  circular. 


T 


HE  A.   I.  ROOT  CO.,  MEDi.sA,   OHIO 
Breeders   of   Italian  bees   and  queens. 


QUEENS  from  Jamaica  any  day  in  the  year 
Untested,  66c.;  tested,  $1.00;  select  tested 
$1.50.  Our  queens  are  reared  from  the  ver 
finest  strains.  Geo.  W.  Phillips,  Sav-La-Ma 
P.   O.,  Jamaica,  W.   I.  (5-5) 


DJ.  BLOCKER,  Pearl  City,  111.,  breeder  c 
•  Fine  Italian  Bees  and  Queens.  Our  stoc 
speaks  for  itself.  Safe  arrival  of  all  stock  gua; 
anteed.     Free  information  Jan.  6 


w 


VV.  GARY  &  SON,  LYONSVILLE, 
'MASS.,  Breeders  of  choice  Italian  bees 
and  queens.  Imported  Leather  and  Root's  Red 
Clover  strains.     Catalog  and  price  list  free. 


L 


AWRENCE  C.  MILLER,  BOX  111 
PROVIDENCE,  R.  I.,  is  filling  orders  f< 
the  popular,  hardy,  honey-getting  Provident 
strain  of   Queens.   Write  for  free  information 


MOORE'S      LONG-TONGUED      STRAIN 
of   Italians  become  more  and  more  popu- 
lar  each   year.     Those   who   have  tested   them 
know   why.      Descriptive    circular    free    >o    ail. 
Write  J.  P.  Moore,  L.  Box  1,  Morgan,  Ky. 


iiONEY  QUEENS  AND  BEES  for  sale.     I 
extracted   300    pounds    per   colony   in    1903. 
Thos.    Worthington,    Leota,    Miss.       Aug.    5 


QH.  W.  WEBER,  CINCINNATI,  OHK 
(Cor.  Central  and  Freeman  Aves 
Golden  Yellow,  Red  Clover  and  Carniola 
queens,  bred  from  select  mothers  in  separa 
apiaries.  . 


lOHN  M.  DAVIS,  SPRING  HILL,  TENN 
J  has  greatly  enlarged  and  improved  h 
queen-rearing  facilities.  Two  unrelated  Ca 
niolans  and  a  dark  leather  Italian  lately  in 
ported.  My  own  strains  of  three-band  an 
golden;  "Moore's"  long-tongrue;  Doolittle 
golden;  all  selects.  C:.miolans  mated  to  Ita 
ian  drones  when  desired.  No  disease.  Ci 
cular  free. 


CUIRIN,  the  Queen  Breeder,  has  an  e 
ceptionally  hardy  strain  of  Italian  bee 
they  wintered  on  their  summer  stands  with 
a  few  miles  of  bleak  Lake  Erie.  Send  f 
Free    Circular.      Bellevue,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


Beeswax 
Wanted 


We  will  pay  28  cents  cash  or  30 
ents  in  goods  for  good  quality  of 
Beeswax,  freight  paid  to  Falconer,  N. 
i\  If  you  have  any,  ship  it  to  us  at 
Mice.  Prices  subject  to  change  with- 
)ut  notice. 

THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MFG  CO. 

When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
'he  American  Bee-Keeper. 


and  5=Banded  Italian 
and  Carniolan  Queens. 

Say  friends,  you  who  have  support- 
ed us  during  the  past  season,  we 
desire  to  express  our  thanks  for 
your  patronage  in  the  past,  and 
respectfully  solicit  a  continuance  of 
your  valued  favors  through  the  sea- 
son of  1904. 

Our  queens  now  stand  upon  their 
merits  and  former  record.  We  are 
preparing  for  next  season,  and  seek- 
ing the  patronage  of  large  apiarists 
and  dealers.  We  do  not  claim  that 
our  queens  are  superior  to  all  oth- 
ers, but  that  they  are  as  good  as 
the  best.  We  will  furnish  from  one 
to  a  thousand  at  the  following 
prices:  ""-^sted  of  either  race,  $1; 
one  unte  .d,  75c.,  5  for  $3.25,  10 
for  $6.  15  for  $8.25,  25  for  $12.50,  50 
for  $23.50,  100  for  $45. 
For  descriptive  circulars  address, 

JOHN  W.  PHARR,  Prop., 

ew  Century  Queen  Rearing  Co.,  Ber- 
clair,  Goliad  Co.,  Texas. 

BEGINNERS. 

'  ihou'.d  h»T«  a  copy  of 

The  Amateur  Bee-keeper, 

'0  page  book,  by  Prof.  J.  W.  Bouse;  written  e»- 
cially  for  amateurs.  Second  •dition  just  ou' 
rst  edition  of  1,000  sold  in  less  thaa  two  year* 
itor  York  says:  "It  i«  the  finest  little  book  pub- 
lied  at  the  present  time."  Price  24  eenti;  by 
lil  28  cents.     The  little  book  and 

he  Progressive  Bee-keeper, 

lire,  proBre8«'"ve,  28  page  monthly  journal,)  on* 
ir  for  65c.      Apply  to   any   first-class   de«ler,  or 

iresB 

BAHY  MFG-  CO.,  Hi«iu,>u.,M.. 


Chance 

Of  a  Life  Time. 


inn    Wanted  to  raise 
*""  Belgians 

Send  for  particulars  and    sample  copy 
of  the  only 

Belgian  Hare  Journa 


Published  in  America. 

Judge  R.  J.  FINLEY, 

227  Lamb  St ,  MACON,  Mo. 


To  Subscribers  of 
THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 

And  Others! 

Until  Further  Notice 

We  Will  Send  The 

Country 
Journal 

to  any  addi'tes  in  the  U.  S.  A.  one 
year  for  ]n  «ents,  providing  you 
ir  .'ntion  Aiaerican  Bee-Keeper. 

The  Country  Journal  treats  on 
F  arm,  Orchard  and  Garden,  Poul- 
'  ry  and  Fashion.  It's  the  best  pa- 
V»er  printed  for  the  price. 

Address 

The  Country  Journal, 

Allentown,  Pa. 
2tf 


W.  M.  Gerrish,  R.  F.  D..  Epping,  N.  H., 
keeps  a  complete  supply  of  our  goods,  and 
Eastern  customers  will  save  freight  by  order- 
ing of  him. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  Co. 


AHEAD  OF  SHOOK-SWARMING 


The  March  Rcjnetu  is  now  in  process  of  pre- 
paration, and  will  be  out  about  the  middle  of 
the  month  One  article  in  this  issue  will  be 
by  H.  O  SibliMld  of  Canada,  and  he  will  des- 
cribe a  new  system  of  management  tliat  prom- 
ises to  be  away  ahead  of  shnok-swarming. 
It  has  tliese  ■  dvantages:  No  shaking  of  the 
bees:  do  handling  of  tlie  brood;  no  possibility 
of  the  queen  beir.g  in  the  wrong  hive;uo  dan- 
ger of  after-s  varming;  no  increase  unless 
desired  (  but  easy  to  secure  if  wnnted  ):  no 
queen  eel  s  to  hunt  up  aud  destroy;  yet  the 
whole  force  of  bees  may  be  kept  together  the 
whole  season,  and  each  colony  may  be  re- 
queened  with  a  queen  from  a  nuturallv  built 
cell. 


This  is  only  a  single  Miticle  in  one  issue  o 
the  Review,  but  it  is  a  fair  sample  of  what  yo 
are  losing  if  you  don't  read  the  Ke^'ieiu,  and  c 
what  you  will  gain  if  you  read  it.  Send  SI. C 
for  the  Review  tor  i90.5;  or  if  you  prefer,  yo 
can  send  ten  cents,  ind  when  the  March  issu 
is  out  it  will  be  sent  to  you,  and  the  te 
cents  may  apply  on  any  subscription  sent  i 
ciuring  the  year 


W.  Z.  Hutchinson, 

Flint,  Mich 


Sunshine 


is  gaining  ad- 
miration as  a 
popular    litera- 

ry  family 

^^^^~^"— — ^^^^  MAGAZINE. 
It  entertains  its  readers  with  good  short  stor- 
ies, sketches  and  poems  by  the  most  famous 
authors  of  the  day  and  is  a  magazine  of  supe- 
rior merit. 

It  is  a  welcome  visitor  in  every  home. 

Price  25  cents  a  year. 

We  wish  to  haye  our  magazine  in  your 
vicinity  and  as  a  special  offer  for  new  readers 
we  will  send  you 

Sunshine  for  1  Year  for  10c. 

Think  of  it.  le.ss  than  one  cent  a  copy.    Can't 
you  act  as  our  agent  ? 

ADD.  MAYES  PUB.  CO., 
LOUISVILLE,        =         ENTUCKY 


MAGIC  RHEUMATIC  CURE 


It  absolutely  does  cure.  It  is 
not  a  CHEAP  remedy,  but  it  is 
a  CHEAP  cure.  Mark  the  distinc- 
tion! There  are  a  thousand  rem- 
edies to  one  cure.  This  is  a 
cure.  It  costs  $2  a  bottle  and  is 
worth  $20  to  any  sulferer.  Sold 
only  by  our  authorized  agents  or 
direct  by  us.  We  wil  send  pre- 
paid for  $2.00. 


Write  for  booklet.Agents  wanted. 


MAGIC  CURE  CO. 

358  Dearborn  Street,       Chicasro. 


Are  You  Looking  for  a  Home? 

No  farmer  should  think  of  buying  land 
before  seeing  a  copy  of  THE  FARM  AND 
REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAL.  It  contains' 
the  largest  list  of  lands  for  sale  of  any 
paper  published  in  Iowa.  Reaches  30,OOC 
readers  each  issue,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
advertising  mediums  to  reach  the  farmers 
and  the  Home-Seekers  that  you  can  ad 
vertise  in.  For  75c.  we  will  mail  yotu  th< 
Journal  for  1  year,  or  for  ten  cents  ir 
silver  or  stamps  we  will  send  you  th< 
Journal  2  months  on  trial.     Address, 

Farm  and  Real  Estate  Journal, 

TRAER,  TAMA  CO.,   IOWA. 

10-tf. 


Strawberries. 

Young,  healthy,  fresh,  vigo 
ous  stock  in  prime  conditioi?  f 
spring  planting. 

AH 

Leading 

Varieties 

Write  for  prices  and  terms. 

MONROE    STRAWBERRY    C( 

Box  66  MONROE,  MICH. 


.GENTS  Wanted '  wast^n' 


for  our 

g  Machines. 

You  can  double  your  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

id  they  sell  easily.     We  have  sold  over   150,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years.      They 
e  cheaper  than  ever.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co. ,    Jamestown,  N.Y. 


The  Iowa 

Horticultural 

Paper. 

Monthly, 
50  cents 
per  year. 

It  is  unique, 
planned  on 
original  lines. 

You  cannot 
be  up-to-date 
fruit  growing  unless  you  read  it. 

Balance  of   this   year  free  to  new 
jscribers. 

THE  FRUITMAN, 

Mt.  Vernon,   Iowa. 


y)Q\nHLRU  J^^U^ 


BARNES' 

Foot  Power  Hacbinerj, 

This  cut  represents  our 
Combined  Machine,  which 
is  the  best  machine  made 
for  use  in  the  construction 
of  Hives,  Sections,  Boxes, 
etc.  Sent  on  trial.  Send  for 
jCatalogue  and  Price  List. 
W.  F.  &  J.  BARNES  CO.. 
913   Ruby  St.,   Rockford.  Ill . 


Trade  Marks 

Designs 

Copyrights  &c. 

Anyone  sending  a  sketch  and  description  may 
quickly  ascertain  our  opinion  free  whether  an 
invention  is  probably  patentable.  Communica- 
tions strictly  confidential.  Handbook  on  Patents 
sent  tree.  Oldest  agency  for  securing  patents. 

Patents  taken  through  Munn  &  Co.  receive 
Bpecial  notice,  without  charge.  In  the 

Scientific  Jttnerican. 

A  handsomely  illustrated  weekly.  Largest  cir- 
culation of  any  scientific  journal.  Terms,  $3  a 
year ;  four  months,  $1.   Sold  by  all  newsdealers. 

MI)NN4Co.3«'«'°»«'-v.NewYork 

Branch  Office.  625  F  St..  Washington,  D.  C. 


ATREJVS,  GA. 

Subscription,  ....  50  Cents  a  Tear. 


Published  the  First  of  Every  Month 

and    Circulates    in    Every 

Southern   State. 


ADVERTISING    RATES   ON   APPLI- 
CATION. 

INCREASE  '*  ^   handsome    little    book  telling 
how  to  form  new  colonies  without 
breaking  working  stocks.    A  simple,  sure,  sat- 
isfactory plan.  25c 

Qy^BY  NUCLEI  *'*^"*  '^°^^  *°  mate  m*ny  queens 

from    sections    with     a    mere 

handful  of  bees..    42  pages,  30  pictures;  plain  and 

simple  plan.     .  '    BOc 

QUEENS  a°<J  QUEEN  REARING  OUTFITS  FOR  SALE 

Goldeii-all-ozier  and  Caucasian  Queens. 

Circulars  free.     E.  L.  PRATT,  Swarthmore,  Pa. 


ABooa 
For 


PfloltuKeep 


How  we  make  our  heas  pay  400 
per  cent,  profit,  new  system,  our 
own  method,  fully  explained  In 
our  Illuatrated  Poultry  Book,  .which  contains 


Poultrv  Reepere'  Acc't  and  E«c  Record  showing 
gains  or  losses  ever  month  for  oneyear.  Worth  25 
ct8,  sent  to  you  for  icc.  if  you  wUlsend  names  of  S 


poultry  keepers  wlthyour order 
6.  8. TIBBBRT.  P.B    ~'    ' 


^^^■o^.   Address, 

56.  Clintonville.  Coni» 


^WE  WERE  AWARDED  A= 


GOLD  MEDAI 


ON  OUR  BEE-KEEPERS'  SUPPLIES 


AT      ST 


LOUIS 


J  9  0  ' 


Also  at  Paris  Exposition,  1899,  and  Trans-Mississippi  Expositio 
at  Omaha,  1900.  Higest  awards  at  World's  Fair,  Chicago,  aii; 
the  Pan-American  Exposition,  B  nffalo. 


Root's   Goods  Are   Prize   Winners    and  Are 

World  Over. 


Sold 


Assiniboia 

Austria 

Australia 

Barbados 

Belgium 

Bohemia 

Brazil 

British  Guiana 

Brit.  Honduras 

Cape  Colony 

Chili 

China 

Cuba 

Dom.  Republic 

Egypt 

England 

France 

Germanj 

Grenada 

Hayti 

Holland 

Hungary 


India 

Ireland 

Italy  •: 

Jamaica     ' 

Japan 

Manitoba 

Mexico 

Montserrat 

Natal 

Norway 

Palestine 

Russia 

Rhodesia 

Scotland 

Siam 

Spain 

Sweden 

Syria 

Tasmania 

Trinidad 

Vaal  River 

Venezuela 


In  all  States  and  Possessions  of  the  United  States 
Provinces  of  Canada. 


O-ODC?    CfSb±:>3b±C)^    ±03r    IQC 


is  now  ready.     If  you  wish  a  copy  at  o  nee  drop  us  a  postal, 
time  to  print  and  mail  to  our  list  of  250,000   bee-keepers. 


It  takes  sol 


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ivr^iDinsr^^ ,  omo 


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All  One      fThe    Modern    Farmer, 
Vz,a«  <tf  4/1       Green's  Fruit  Grower, 
Year  pj.W.     Agricultural   Epitomist, 
Without      ")  The  Mayflower  and 
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:e:&:8:8:^o)3:8:8:8:e:9:8»:8:8:9:0:0:8:8»:0:8: 

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Comb  and  Extracted 
Honey  on  commis- 
sion. Boston  pays 
good  prices  for  a  fancy 
article.  J-J-^J-J-J-J' 

F.    H.    FARMER, 

182  Friend  Street,    Boston,  Mass. 


A  Fountain  Pen 

AND     THE 

American  Bee-Keeper 

For  Only  Ninety  Cents 

We  have  made  a  contract  with  the  makers 
a  first  class  Fountain  Pen  by  which  we 
in  give  one  of  these  pens  with  the  AMER- 
,:AN  bee-keeper  a  year  for  only  90 
nts. 

The  Pen  is  14k  gold  and  first  class  in  every 
ay-  It  is  worth  $2.00  alone.  If  you  wish  to 
ke  advantage  of  this  olTer  we  will  accept 
ibscnptions  for  1906  from  present  subscrib- 
s.    Address 

he  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 
Falconer,  N.  Y. 


20  per  cent.  Profit 

Pineapples,  Oranges,  Grape  Fruit 

ike    a    Specialty    for    Non-Resident    Owners 
and  Intending  Settlers  in  the 

lively   Lake  Region  of  South    Florida. 

fl   er   cent,    anniual    return    on   investment. 

ure  air,  pure  water,  no  mosquitoes.  High 
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es,  suited  to  all  citrus  fruits  and  pineapples 
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E.e.SII!GERS,; 


K  K 


If, 


,  eikgha: 


J     has    made   all    the   im- 
provemuiits  in 

Bee  Smokers  and 
Honey  Kniv^es 

made  in  the    jast  30   years,  undoubtedly 
he  makes  the  best  on  earth. 

Smoke  Engine.   4  inch  stove,   none  too  largt   sent 
postpaid,  per  mail '  ..$1.50 

3^  inch 1.10 

Knife,  80  cents.  3  inch ' i.oo 

2"^  inch 90 

r.  F.  Bingham,  ??f,'?'»^;-- -o 

Patent  Wired  Comb  Fonndation 

has  no  sag  in  brood  frames. 

Thin  Flat  Bottom  Fouidatloa 

has  no  Fish-bone  in   Surplus  Honey. 

Being  the  cleanest  is  usually  worked  the 
quickest  of  any  foundation  made.  The  talk 
about  wiring  frames  seems  absurd.  We  furnisk 
a  Wired  Foundation  that  is  Better,  Cheaper 
and  not  half  the  trouble  to  use  that  it  is  t» 
wire   brood    frames. 

Circulars    and    sample    free. 

J.    VAN  DEUSEN    &  SONS, 

Sole    Manufacturers 

Montgomery  Co.,  Sprout  Brook,  N.  T. 


vEND  US  ONE  NEW  SUBSCRIBER, 

WITH  50  CENTS  FOR  ONE  YEAR,  AND  GET 

THE   AMERICAN    FARMER 

FOR  YOURSELF,  ABSOLUTELY  FREE  FOR  A   WHOLE  YEAR 

iMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER,  Jamestown,N.  Y. 


WANTED 


EXTRACTED  HONEY, 


Mail  sample,  arid  always  quote  lowest 
price  delivered  here.  \A/e  remit  imme- 
diately upon  receipt  of  Shipment. 


THE    FRED  W.   MUTH   CO., 


References :    ' 
German  National  Bank,  Cincinnati,  0 
Any  Mercantile  Agency,  or  the  Editor. 


No.  51  Walnut  Street, 

'y'o'r'trE^L^-  CINCINNATI,   O. 


= 


I  QUEENS  AND  BEES 


Have  you  ever  tried  my  queens?  If  not,  I  should  be  glad  to 
have  you  do  so,  as  they  ar  e  as  GOOD  AS  MONEY  CAN  BUY, 
AND  I  GUARANTEE  PE  RFECT  SATISFAOTION. 

I  have  three-banded  It  allans,  Goldens,  Cyprians,  Carniolans, 
Holy  Lands  and  Albinos.  Untested  of  either  race,  75  cents  each. 
Tested,  $1.50  each.  Breeders,  $3.00.  Contracts  made  for  large 
orders.     Two-framed  nuclei  a  specialty. 

B.   H.  STANLEY,  BEEVILLE,  TEXAS. 
l-5tf 


^'¥- 


^^-♦■•♦t 


AHEAD  OF  SHOOK-SWARMINI 


Tlie  March  Re^/iew  is  now  in  process  of  pre- 
paration, and  will  be  out  about  the  mitldle  of 
the  month.  One  article  in  Ibis  issue  will  be 
by  H.  G  SibbHld  of  Canada,  and  he  will  des- 
cribea  new  system  of  managenieritthat  prom- 
ises to  be  away  ahead  of  shooK-swiiiming. 
It  has  these  iidvantages:  No  shaicing  of  the 
bees;  no  handling  of  the  brood;  no  possibility 
of  tlie  queen  being  in  the  wrong  hive;  no  dan- 
ger of  after-swarming;  Ino  increase  unless 
desired  (  but  easy  to  secure  if  wnnted);  no 
queen  cells  to  hunt  up  ai.d  destroy;  yet  the 
whole  force  of  bees  may  be  kept  together  the 
whole  season,  and  each  colony  may  be  re- 
queeued  with  a  queen  from  a  naturally  built 
cell. 


This  is  only  a  single  article  in  one  issue 
the  ReTiU-iv.  but  it  is  a  fair  sample  of  whaty 
aie  losing  if  you  don't  read  the  Kezneiv.  and 
what  you  will  gain  if  yon  read  it.  Send  $1 
for  the  A't'iz/Vry  for  1905;  or  if  you  prefer,  y. 
can  send  ten  cents,  and  when  the  March  iss 
is  out  it  will  be  sent  to  you,  and  tlie  t 
cents  may  npply  on  any  subscription  sent 
auring  the  year 


W.  Z.  Hutchinson, 

Flint,  Midi 


Vol.  XV 


MAY,  1905. 


No.  5 


SIXTY  YEARS  AMONG  THE  BEES. 


By  W.  J.  DAVIS,  1st. 


THIRD  LETTER— Continued  from    Page  68,  April  Number. 


V  FOOLISH  story  started  by  a 
"Prof."  that  comb  honey  was 
produced  by  the  artificial  con- 
ruction  of  combs  from  paraffine,  fill- 
1  with  glucose  and  capped  over  By 
achinery  and  done  so  nicely  as  not 
'  be  detected  as  a  work  of  art,  has 
locked  many  dollars  from  the  ledger 
the  honest  bee-keeper.  But  he,  the 
oresaid  Professor,  after  years  of 
idgeling  by  the  different  bee  papers 
lally  admitted  it  was  only  a  scientific 
easantry,  like  the  manufacture  of 
tificial  eggs — a  proposition  too  ab- 
rd  for  belief  by  any  one. 
Another  '"Professor,"  a  lover  of  the 
es,  has  taught  that  honey  is  nothing 
!t  digested  nectar,  and  I  suppose  he 
Duld  give  all  the  bees  he  has,  if  he 
s  any,  and  his  book  too,  to  prove 
is  scientifically  correct.  I  would 
ggest  a  more  appropriate  term  to  be 
laporated  nectar.  I  know  of  no 
"getable  product  that  when  digested 
1  any  animal  is  good  for  any  pur- 
ise  but  to  enrich  the  soil.  With 
;out  999  out  of  a  thousand  persons 
t;  term  "digested  nectar,"  will  pro- 
cce  a  very  imcomfortable  sensation 
(  the  stomach.  But,  fortunately  for 
(r  business,  but  few  believe  such 
Eifif;  and  all  such  teaching,  whether 
t  (would-be)  friend  or  foe,  militates 
aiinst  the  sale  of  honey,  which  I 
1  ieve  to  be  the  purest  sweet  known 
i    table   use.     The   Hon.   Mr.  Whit- 


I 


comb,  of  Nebraska,  once  said:  "There 
is  more  nutriment  in  a  pound  of  honey 
than  in  two  pounds  of  beefsteak  and 
more  medicines  than  you  can  buy  at 
any  drug  store  for  half  a  dollar." 
Small  things  often  efifect  wondrous 
results. 

Honey  is  mentioned  28,  and  honey 
comb  nine  times  in  the  Bible,  and 
sugar  not  once.  The  manufacture  of 
glucose  has  also  been  detrimental 
to  honey  producers.  A  sweet  that  can 
be  manufactured  and  sold  by  retail  at 
two  or  three  cents  per  pound  will  have 
buyers,  no  matter  if  not  the  healthiest 
food. 

Another  hindrance  has  been  the 
way  some  bee-keepers  dispose  of 
their  honey.  I  had  succeeded  in  build- 
ing up  a  good  trade  in  my  home  mark- 
et, but  farmers  having  a  few  stocks  of 
bees  and  producing  a  little  honey  to 
sell  would  bring  it  to  town  and  sell 
to  our  grocers  at  just  what  they  chose 
to  give,  perhaps  about  2-3  what  I 
was  selling  at.  It  might  be  a  good 
article  of  honey,  but  poorly  prepared 
for  market  and  hence  not  very  at- 
tractive. You  can  readily  see  the  ef- 
fect of  one  such  sale.  It  virtually  sets 
the  price,  at  least  for  a  time,  and  the 
man  who  makes  a  specialty  of  produc- 
ing honey  is  put  to  a  disadvantage. 
No  wrong  intended  on  the  part  of  the 
small  bee-keeper,  yet  an  absolute 
wrong  is  done.     The  only  remedy  for 


86 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


May 


this  is  for  the  apiarist  to  put  his  honey- 
on  the  market  in  the  most  attractive 
shape.  Let  the  sections  be  thorough- 
ly cleaned  of  propolis,  and  if  the 
wood  is  colored  by  age  (as  some  sec- 
tions will  be)  let  them  be  scraped  to 
whiteness  with  glass  and  sandpapered 
and  put  in  neat  shipping  cases  with 
glass  in  front,  such  as  I  have  found 
for  a  number  of  years  at  the  Falconer 
Manufacturing  Company's  plant  at 
Falconer.  N.  Y.  Let  your  honey  be 
honestly  graded.  Put  the  finest  next 
to  the  glass  and  then  just  the  same 
quality  clear  through  to  the  back  of 
the  case,  and  then  if  sold  by 
weight,  give  sixteen  ounces  to  the 
pound.  Have  a  neat  card  to  tack  on 
the  case  with  the  producer's  name  and 
address.  I  notice  by  market  quota- 
tions, particularly  in  the  West,  honey 
so  much  per  case;  a  mode  of  selling 
I  know  nothing  about  by  experi- 
ence. 

Having  said  this  much  about  selling 
honey,  we  will  now  consider  how  to 
get  the  honey.  I  shall  consider  only 
the  production  of  comb  honey. 
First  I  consider  the  4  1-4x4 
1-4  sections,  an  appliance  which 
has  come  to  stay;  or  in  other 
words,  the  one  pound  package  can  not 
well  be  improved  on.  To  produce  a 
smaller  package  would  be  to  pro- 
duce less  pounds.  To  vary  the  shape 
or  size  of  sections  would  involve  ex- 
tra expense  of  cases.  The  change  of 
size  or  shape  of  sections  may  be  more 
benefit  to  supply  dealers  than  to  hon- 
ey producers.  With  low  prices  for 
honey  the  expenses  must  be  kept  as 
low  as  possible.  I  prefer  a 
section  seven  to  the  foot,  without  sep- 
arators. 

These  wide  sections  with  separat- 
ors leave  too  much  wood  in  sight 
when  the  section  is  filled,  and  any 
separatored  sections  divide  the  colony 
into  too  many  small  apartments  for 
best  results  in  quantity.  Combs  of 
more  uniform  thickness  can  no 
doubt  be  secured  by  the  use  of  sepa- 
rators, but  a  very  fair  average  can  be 
produced  without  them  and  the  extra 
cost  and  labor  of  cleaning  off 
propolis  be  avoided.  I  use  cases  with 
pattern  slats  and  tier  up  the  cases 
during  a  flow  of  honey  by  raising 
cases  nearly  full,  and  putting  an 
empty  one  between  the  partly 
filled      case     and     the     brood     nest, 


provided  honey  is  coming 
freely;  but  if  the  honey  flow  seemi 
near  an  end,  put  empty  case  on  top 
It  requires  a  knowledge  of  the  flor 
of  your  field  to  know  just  when  t 
put  on  or  take  off  cases,  and  it  woul 
be  a  wonderful  help  if  we  could  bu 
know  the  kind  of  weather  we  are  t 
have  a  few  days  in  advance.  Eve 
the  weather  bureau  can  help  us  bt; 
little,  and  I  have  never  been  able  t 
exercise  the  least  faith  in  weathe 
prophets  who  claim  to  tell  us  a  who! 
year  in  advance  just  when  it  will  rai 
and  when  it  will  shine.  Yet  I  hav 
seen  some  intelligent  people  wh 
claim  to  believe   such  predictions. 

I  do  not  manage  bees  by  superst 
tions.     I  never  ring  any  bells  or  tO( 
horns  to  induce  a  swarm  on  the  win 
to    settle.      Death    has    twice    invade" 
my  family  circle,  but  I  did  not  go  ar 
tell    the   bees.      But   I    have   a  stro: 
presentiment    that    when    the    man 
ing     hand     of    the    Davis     family 
fallen   by   "the   last   enemy"    that 
bees  will  go  too,  for  of  five  childr 
the  bees  have  assisted  me  in  reari 
not  one  takes  kindly  to  bee-keepi 
I  am  inclined  to  think  that  bee-kee; 
ers  are  born,  not  made,  and  the  san 
may     be     said     of    every     professio 
We      have      all      seen      men      in     tl 
ministry,      in      law      and      medicir 
that      would      much      better      fill 
position      in      the      work      shop 
the  field.     It  seems  a  great  waste 
material   to   take   what  would  make 
good  farmer  or  mechanic  and  make 
poor    doctor,   lawyer     or    minister 
him.      But    I   will   carry   that   thoug, 
no     farther,    but     next    discuss     "T 
Hive  I  Use,"  as  Bro.  Doolittle  woi 
say.      I   prefer   a  free   hanging  frai 
with    bee-space   at    top,   bottom    a 
ends,  of  the  Langstroth  type,  but  r 
so    long.       I   used   for    a   number 
years    this    frame    with   nineteen    in 
top  bar,  that  is  very  good  and  will 
low   four  lengths    of    sections   in    t 
supers.  But  my  location,  northweste 
Pennsylvania,  is  nearly  42  degrees 
latitude  (42  degrees  being  the  bour 
ary   line   between   the    states   of   N 
York   and   Pennsylvania)   our  winti 
are    usually   long   and    cold,   and   it 
necessary  for  the  bees  to  cluster  : 
wannth  at  least  seven  months  out 
the   twelve;      four  of     the   seven     j 
spent  in  winter  quarters  and  three 
summer   stands    with   uncertain    te 
peratures.      It    may    be    warm    and 


905- 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


87 


nay  be  cold.  And  as  the  bees  cluster 
or  warmth  they  usually  form  a  globe 
ir  round  ball,  no  matter  what  the  size 
)r  shape  of  the  hive,  I  concluded  that 
he  long  frame  left  too  much  cold 
ir  unoccupied  space,  either  at 
me  or  both  ends  of  frame, 
\  hich  if  warmed  must  be  by  the 
onsumption     of    stores. 

About  twenty  years  ago,  I  began, 
n  a  small  way,  to  use  a  frame  with 
ourteen-inch  top-bar,  which  gave 
mple  length  for  three  sections  in 
upers.  The  shortening  of  the  frames 
id  not  necesrarily  reduce  the  size  of 
he  hive,  only  use  more  of  them. 
vfter  testing  them  to  my  satisfaction, 

adopted  that  size  of  frame  and  at 
resent  use  no  other.  For  comb- 
oney  I  use  from  eight  to  twelve 
"ames   per  hive. 

I  used  to  think  in  box-hive  days, 
hat  a  colony  building  their  combs 
om  front  to  rear  would  be  better 
lan  one  that  chanced  to  build  from 
ide  to  side.  But  with  frames  I  can- 
ot  see  that  it  makes  any  difference 
hether  the  frames  run  from  front  to 
:ar  or  cross-wise  of  hive  and  I  have 
sed  them  both  ways  and  do  every 
ear. 

The  advantages  I  have  obtained 
ith  this  size  of  frame  are:  First, 
tocks  build  up  more  rapidly  in  the 
pring,  owing  to  the  hive  being 
armer,  (it  seems  needless  to  say 
lat  a  given  number  of  bees,  say  S,ooo, 
an  easier  warm  500  cubic  inches  of 
pace  than  they  can  1,000  inches.) 
econd.  The  bees  enter  the  sections 
arlier.  Third,  They  give  a  larger 
er  cent,  of  their  white  honey  in  sec- 
erns. Fourth,  They  build  nicer 
rood  combs,  less  drone  comb  and  in 
itter  part  of  the  season  fill  the  brood 
^mbs    with    ample    stores   for    winter 

I  wish  to  make  one  point  plain  to 
eginners:  That  a  swarm  of  given 
rength  will  collect  just  as  much 
oney  in  one  kind  of  hive  as  another, 
rovided  all  are  equally  acceptable  to 
le  bees.  Whether  a  hollow  log, 
luare  box-hive  or  frame-hive.  The 
lain  thing  so  far  as  hive  is  con- 
rned,  is  the  controlling  of  their 
bors  and  controlling  the  siz-i  of  the 
rood  chamber  to  meet  changing-  ccn- 
itions  from  cold  to  hont  and'  from 
sat  to  cold,  such  as  the  revolving 
?ar  brings  to  us  in  this  latitude, 
hich  is   the   condition  of  a  vast  ma- 


jority of  the  bee-keepers  of  North 
America.  I  am  not  talking  to  the 
veterans  in  bee  culture,  for  most  of 
them  are  as  stiff-headed  as  I  am,  but 
to  the  vast  army  of  inexperienced. 

My  frames  are  8  1-2  inches  deep  be- 
tween top  and  bottom  bar,  and  12  1-4 
between  end  pieces,  and  when 
combs  are  built  down  to  bottom 
bar  as  mine  usually  are,  each 
frame  gives  about  200  square 
inches  of  comb  surface,  and 
eight  frames  1,600  square  inches 
and  as  twenty-five  worker  bees  can  be 
raised  on  each  square  inch  of  comb 
surface  40,000  workers  can  be  pro- 
duced every  21  days.  But  allow- 
ing one-half  of  the  cells  to  be  oc- 
cupied with  honey  and  pollen,  we 
have  still  room  for  nearly  1000  baby 
bees  per  day  in  each  hive.  If  you 
want  a  faster  increase  add  more 
combs.  My  standard  hives  in  my 
home  yard  are  mostly  eight-frames 
— in  out  apiaries  12.  But  each  should 
adapt  his  management  to  his  own  lo- 
cality. 

Bro.  Doolittle  and  Dr.  Miller,  I  be- 
lieve, leave  their  bees  in  winter  quar- 
ters until  the  soft  maple  blooms.  I 
set  mine  out  as  early  in  March  as 
they  can  fly  with  safety  and  they  re- 
main on  their  summer  stands  unless 
severe  cold  should  ensue.  Bee-keep- 
ers have  long  held  that  bees  wintered 
on  the  summer  stands,  if  they  do  pull 
through  the  winter  are  more  vigorous 
than  those  wintered  in  cellars.  Be 
that  as  it  may,  I  prefer  to  house  mine 
for  about  four  months  of  the  coldest 
weather.  Queens  begin  to  deposit 
eggs  in  January  whether  wintered  in 
or  out,  first  forming  a  small  brood- 
nest  and  enlarging  slowly.  An  early 
cleansing  flight  stimulates  brood 
rearing,  but  continued  cold  will  check 
it  and  wisely  so,  for  large  quantities 
of  brood  prevents  the  close  cluster- 
ing of  the  adult  bees,  for  bees  must 
have  empty  comb  in  which  to  cluster. 
As  a  general  rule  it  is  not  best  to 
stimulate  brood  rearing  in  cold 
weather. 

Once  upon  a  time  some  one  recom- 
mended mixing  flour  and  honey  and 
plastering  it  into  the  combs  to  stim- 
ulate early  breeding.  I  tried  two  col- 
onies and  it  did  set  them  to  breeding 
in  March,  but  the  weather  was  cold, 
and  the  result  was  that  I  lost  both 
colonies  before  warm  weather  came. 

It   is    a   nice    question    to   get    our 


88 


THE   AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


May 


frames  the  right  depth.  A  deep  frame 
i^  probably  better  for  wintering,  but 
not  so  good  for  securing  comb  honey. 
Bees  in  this  locality  get  but  little 
honey  until  the  soft  maple  blooms, 
which  is  about  the  20th  of  April.  It 
yields  pollen  and  honey  bounlifullv  if 
weather  conditions  are  right,  and  the 
bees  pack  the  combs  that  are  next  to 
the  brood  solid  with  pollen.  When 
that  is  done,  move  the  said  combs  of 
pollen  and  put  an  empty  comb  be- 
tween pollen  and  brood.  Would  not 
recommend  spreading  the  combs  that 
contain  brood.  By  giving  empty 
combs  as  above  the  brood  nest  will 
expand  quite  fast  enough  for  the 
slow  approach  of  warm  weather.  The 
presence  of  fresh  pollen  and  honey 
in  the  spring  give  new  life  and 
energy  to  the  stock,  and  queen  and 
bees  will  vie  with  each  other  in  their 
haste  to  fill  the  hive. 

This  harvest  usually  lasts  about  ten 
days  which  bring  us  to  the  first  of 
May  and  the  eggs  laid  at  this  time 
are  the  bees  to  begin  on  the  white 
clover,  which  opens  here  about  the 
loth  of  June.  But  between  these 
(soft  maple  and  clover)  the  dandelion, 
hard  maple,  fruit  blooms,  June  ber- 
ries and  several  minor  sources  keep 
the  bees  busy.  Another  source  of 
honey,  which  seems  to  have  come 
into  prominence  here  in  the  last  few 
years,  is  a  trailing  vine  with  a  small 
blue  blossom  and  called  here  "cat's 
foot,"  has  proven  itself  a  good  honey 
yielder.  In  meadow  ground  it  does 
no  harm  but  is  troublesome  in  the 
gardens,  as  it  is  not  easily  killed. 

About  June  loth  or  whenever  the 
brood  chamber  is  full,  put  on  the  sec- 
tion cases,  (I  have  had  sections  filled 
by  the  last  of  May,  but  not  often.) 
You  may  have  a  lot  of  sections  saved 
over  from  last  season,  filled  or 
nearly  so,  with  white  comb,  which 
you  cleared  last  fall,  either  by  throw- 
ing it  out  with  the  extractor  or  let- 
ting the  bees  take  it  out.  Fill  one  end 
of  case  with  sections  of  comb  and 
the  balance  of  case  with  new  sec- 
tions well  guided  top  and  bottom,  if 
full  sheets  are  not  used.  These  sec- 
tions of  comb  will  serve  as  bait  to 
start  the  bees  working  in  the  supers. 
Do  not  put  in  a  section  of  comb  and 
an  empty  one  next  to  it.  If  you  do, 
you  will  have  very  uneven  sections, 
unless  you  use  separators.  "If  sum- 
mer signs  auspicious  ride"  tier  up  as 
circumstances    seem   to   require.       Do 


not  let  bees  lay  in  idleness  on  out 
side  of  hives  during  a  honey  flow 
from  want  of  room  to  store  honej 
Remember  you  are  working  for  com' 
honey,  and  whenever  a  colony  i 
strong  enough  to  work  in  the  sec 
tions,  there  is  a  possibility  of  swarm 
ing. 

I  should  have  said  before  that  dui 
ing  the  month  of  May  and  before  th. 
hives  become  filled  with  bees,  clip  on 
wing   of  every   laying   queen  in  you 
yard.      It   seems    to   me   I    would   nc 
attempt    to  keep    bees   without    clij 
ping  tlie  queen.     With  clipped  queer | 
we  have  absolute  control  of  the  bee! 
Two   or   more    swarms    may  issue  i 
or  near  the  same  time,  in  which  cas 
they    are   very   liable    to    cluster    t( 
gether,  but  if  the  queens  are  clippe, 
it  is  an  easy  matter  to  capture  the] 
and   hold   them  as   prisoners    in   wij 
cages   until  the   swarms   are  hived  : 
you    desire,    and    then    supply    the 
with  queens.     Some  queens    we  m; 
consider  very  valuable,  others  not 
valuable.      If  you   have   them   clippei 
you  know  "which  is  which." 

HOW  TO  CLIP  QUEENS. 

For  a  general  clipping  job,  I  pref 
a  warm  day  as  early  in  May  as  pc 
sible,  when  the  bees  are  gettii 
honey  enough  to  be  pleasant  to  wo 
with  and  use  but  little  smoke.  L 
out  the  frames  until  the  queen 
found,  and  if  you  have  no  assistant 
hold  the  frame,  stand  it  on  end  ne 
the  hive,  with  queen  near  the  low 
end  of  comb.  As  she  slowly  crav 
up  the  comb,  take  one  wing  betwe 
thumb  and  finger  of  left  hand  a 
with  pair  of  sharp  scissors,  clip  t 
wing,  while  the  feet  of  the  queen  i 
still  on  the  comb.  Do  not  take  t 
queen  into  your  hand,  or  betwe 
the  thumb  and  finger  as  some  advi 
as  you  may  impart  to  her  majestj 
scent  to  which  the  workers  are  r 
accustomed,  and  they  take  her  fot 
strange  queen.  Being  a  little  frig! 
ened,  her  actions  would  tend 
strengthen  their  suspicions  and  1 
workers  will  ball  their  own  queen 
have  found  many  young  queens 
they  returned  from  their  bridal  ti 
so  balled,  and  they  were  saved  oi 
by  caging  for  several  hours  in  1 
own    colony. 

Do  not  hesitate  to  clip  your  que< 
because  some  timid  one  has  said  cl 
ping  queens'  wings  will  impair  t 
wing     power     of     her     progeny — ^1 


90S. 

vorker  bees.  Sheep  growers  of  this 
ection  of  the  country  have  been  in 
he  habit  of  cutting  ofif  their  lambs' 
ails,  for  good  reasons,  and  I  have 
lever  heard  of  a  strain  of  tailless 
heep  being  produced  yet.  And  if  any 
eader  of  the  American  Bee-Keeper 
ver  hears  of  such  a  case  please  pub- 
ish  It  to  the  world.  The  only  use  of 
vings  for  a  queen  bee  after  fertiliza- 
ion,  is  to  enable  her  to  go  with  a 
ew  swarm  to  some  hollow  tree  in 
he  deep  recesses  of  the  forest,  if 
here  still  remains  such  a  place. 
The  shade  and  fruit  trees  I  set 
ut  in  early  manhood  have  grown  too 
ill  for  a  man  of  'jy  to  climb,  even 
ith  the  aid  of  an  i8-foot  ladder.  In 
ict,  any  man  of  that  age  ought  to 
ave  learned  better  than  to  try  such 
feat. 

This     is     how     I     manage     young 

ivarms:  When  I  see  a  swarm  emerg- 

ig,   I   walk    out  with    a  wire    queen 

lyc,  and  usually  before  a  swarm  is 

1    out   I     find    her     ladyship   on    the 

ass,    and  I  place    the  open    end  of 

ige   over   her   and   she   crawls   in.      I 

ip  in  a  plug  and  lay  the  caged  queen 

-■ar.     Set  the  old  stock  off  a  few  feet 

id     place     an     empty     hive,      (pref- 

ably  of  same  color  as  the  old  hive) 

1   the  old   stand    and  lay  my    caged 

leen   on   the   alighting   board   of   the 

■\v  hive,  step  back  and  await  devel- 

)ments.       After     flying    awhile,    and 

scovering    that     their    queen    is    not 

ith  them,  they  will  return  to  the  old 

and  and  when   .they  begin  to    run  in 

eely,  I  pull  the  plug  from  the  end  of 

e    cage    and   let   the   lady   walk   into 

r    new     home     with     her     children. 

lould  two  or  more   swarms  issue  at 

near    the    same    time    (which    fre- 

lently  happens)   they  are  very  liable 

cluster     together.       In     this     event 

ey     will      remain      clustered     much 

nger  than  a  single  swarm,  and  it  is 

metimes    necessary    to    take    :i    part 

the   bees   in   a   swarm   catcher   and 

ake   out   in   front   of   the   hiv-^s    nre- 

led  to  receive  the  swarms,  and  get 

em   to   "going  back"   as   we    call   it. 

le  glad    hum    of  "mother's    found" 

11    speedily    attract    the    flying   bees 

■  il  the  two,  three  or  four  swarms 
11  soon  be  hived.  Let  the  young 
arms   remain   on   old  stands   and  if 

■  •  of  such  new  swarms  has  received 
; f  than  its  share  of  bees,  it  will 
11  be  indicated  by  a  crowded  con- 

'  ion,    and    the    bees    will    cluster    on 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


89 

the  outside  of  such  hive,  in  which 
case  take  a  thin  broad  board  or  pane 
of  glass  and  gently  scrape  off  the 
bees  from  the  bottom  of  cluster  up- 
ward and  carry  to  the  hive  that  has 
not  received  its  share  of  bees. 
To  be  Continued. 


NOTES  BY  SAVARTHMOBE. 


The  great  value  of  queen-excluding 
metal  is  not  half  appreciated  by  the 
majority  of  bee-keepers.  I  think  we 
should  place  the  invention  on  a  par 
with  comb-foundation  when  useful- 
ness is   considered. 

I  am  convinced  that  queens  be- 
come aware  of  the  presence  of  sealed 
queen-cells  upon  the  combs  of  their 
hives  entirely  by  feeling.  Uncapped 
queen-cells  are  seldom  if  ever  dis- 
turbed by  reigning  queens,  but  as  soon 
as  capped  will  be  torn  down  by  them. 

It  is  not  always  the  fittest  queen 
that  survives  in  a  batch  of  natural 
cells.  It  is  generally  the  first  hatched, 
and  in  consequence  the  strongest  at 
the  time.  Thus  many  fine  cells  are  de- 
stroyea  each  year. 

Bees  prefer  a  one-inch  auger  hole  to 
all  other  forms  of  entrances.  This 
m.ay  be  proven  by  boring  a  hole  into 
the  back  of  any  hive  having  a  slot 
entrance  at  the  front. 

During  heavy  flows  of  honey  cells 
are  always  poor  for  the  simple  reason 
that  the  young  bees  are  more  intent 
on  storing  honey  than  in  feeding 
larvae. 

The  size  and  condition  of  a  queen 
while  yet  in  repose  can  be  tested  by 
carefully  tilting  the  cell  from  side  to 
side.  The  trained  hand  can  readily 
detect  an  extra  strong  queen  by  the 
jar  when  the  body  of  the  queen 
strikes  the  opposite  side  of  the  cell. 

Extra  prolific  young  queens  when 
first  beginning  to  lay  will  de- 
posit their  eggs  uniformly,  all  point- 
ing in  one  direction,  usually  with  a 
downward  tendency. 

Virgin  queen  with  broad  thorax, 
cob-like  form  and  stout  legs,  broadly 
spread,  invariably  turn  out  to  be 
long-lived  and  prolific.  Such  queens 
are  seldom  lost  at  mating  time. 

To  quickly  supply  a  comb  with 
water  for  use  in  a  cell-building  col- 
ony, fill  a  jar-feeder  and  sprinkle  the 
water  into  the  cells  as  one  shakes  salt 
from  a  salt-cellar  at  table.  Lay  the 
eomb   flat  upon   the  ground  and   after 


90                                THE   AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER.                              May, 

spraying  the  water  on  one  side  turn  ago   for   use   in    putting  together   bee 

the    comb    over    and    fill    the    other,  supplies.     Any  bee-keeper  can  make  a 

Combs   ma3^   be   filled   with  syrup   for  similar  one,  but  be   sure  it  is  exactly, 

feeding  purposes    in     this    way     quite  square. 

satisfactorily.  Formerly     I     used     a  regular     steel 

Swarthmore,   Pa.,   Mar.  31,   1905.  square  but  it  was  not  satisfactory  so 


STRITMATTER'S  ERECTING  FORM. 
A  HANDY  DEVICE. 


By  F.  J.  Strittmatter. 

EDITOR   AMERICAN    BEE- 
KEEPER: 
I  send  you  herewith  a  photo  of 
a   combined    work-table    and    square 
which  I  devised  something  over  a  year 


I  devised  this  which  makes  putting 
together  bee  supplies  a  pleasure.  JtlSl 
shove  your  parts  into  place  and  nal 
tliem  and  you  have  your  box  exactlj 
square. 

Another  advantage:  almost  any  boy 
of  fourteen  or  fifteen  can  with  the  aic 
of   this   device     nail  up     hive   bodies 


[905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


91 


ind  many  other  parts  about  as  well  as 
I  man  can. 

The  idea  of  the  board  nailed  on 
■ach  side  is  to  provide  an  opening  to 
iccommodate  the  hand-hold  cleats  on 
he    hive. 

I  use  a  chaff  hive  and  I  nail  the 
leats  on   the   end   boards   before   put 


THE  HONEY  PRODUCERS' 
LEAGUE. 


Bv  W.  Z. 


A 


Hutchinson,  Secretary. 

CRISIS    HAS    been    reached    in 
bee-keeping.     The  time  is  now 

-    -  ^     -   r--  here    when    bee-keepers     must 

ing  them  together  as  I  hnd  I  cannot  band  together,  as  never  before,  tight 
asten  the  cleats  substantially  on  the  an  insidious  foe,  and  cope  with  the 
bin  end  walls  (3-8  inch)  after  the  conditions  of  modern  times.  In  short, 
live  is  together.  the    wide-spread    ignorance    regarding 

I  also  send  you  a  photo  of  my  the  value  of  honey  as  a  food(  its  deli- 
lome  apiary.  This  picture  I  took  last  ciousness,  cheapness  and  digestibility), 
September.         I      had      an      assistant    coupled  with  an   almost  universal  be- 


MR.  STRITMATTER'S  APIARY. 


[ueeze   the  bulb   while   I   am  seen   in 
le  foreground.     I  read  five  bee  jour- 
als  and  like  the  American  Bee-Keep- 
■  very  much, 
radley  Junction,  Pa.,  Jan.  16,  1905. 


Vicks  Family  Magazine,  now  in  its 
)th  year,  is  a  publication  that  well 
lerits  a  place  in  every  rural  home, 
he  April  number,  dealing  as  it  does 
ith  springtime  topics  in  both  a  prac- 
cal  and  sentimental  manner,  be- 
3mes  a  veritable  inspiration  to  na- 
ire  lovers. 


lief  in  its  adulteration,  which  belief  is 
fostered  by  the  continued  publication 
of  untruthful  stories  concerning  so- 
called  manufactured  comb  honey,  to 
which  may  be  added  the  fact  that 
cheap  syrups  are  being  pushed  upon 
the  market  with  great  vigor — all  these 
combined  are  depressing  the  honey 
market  beyond  all  precedent;  and,  un- 
less something  is  done  to  counteract 
these  influences,  our  occupation,  or,  at 
least,  a  good  share  of  its  profitable- 
ness, will   soon  be   gone. 

A  large   share  of  last  year's   honey 
crop  is  still  unsold,  while  the  market 


92 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


May- 


is  practically  dead,  as  is  easily  shown 
by  reference  to  the  market  reports. 
The  crop  of  the  coming  season  will 
soon  be  here,  and,  should  it  prove  a 
bountiful  one,  with  last  year's  crop 
still  unsold,  where  will  prices  go  then? 
We  may  as  well  face  the  situation 
squarely.  Then  comes  the  all-impor- 
tant question;  What  shall  we  do 
about  it? 

Three  or  four  of  us  began  recently 
to  discuss  this  question,  privately,  by 
mail,  and  we  decided  to  act  promptly, 
to  the  extent  of  summoning  (some  by 
telephone  and  telegraph)  to  a  confer- 
ence in  Chicago,  some  eight  or  ten 
representative  manufacturers,  dealers, 
publishers  and  honey-producers.  As  a 
result,  such  a  meeting  was  held 
March  14th  and  15th,  the  whole  two 
days  being  occupied  in  forming  an 
organization,  and  in  discussing  ways 
and  means  whereby  said  organization 
can  increase  the  demand  for  honey. 

The  first  step  was  the  drafting  of  a 
constitution  which  reads  as  follows: 

CONSTITUTION. 

Art.  I — Name  and  Headquarters. 

Sec.  I — The  name  of  this  organiza- 
tion shall  be  "The  Honey  Producers' 
League." 

Sec.  2 — Its  headquarters  shall  be 
Chicago,  111. 

Art.  II— Objects. 
Its  objects  shall  be  to  create  a  larg- 
er demand  for  honey  by  popularizing 
its  use  among  the  consuming  public 
through  advertising  in  newspapers 
and  magazines  its  great  value  as  a 
food,  and  by  such  other  methods  as 
may  be  considered  advisable  by  the 
Executive  Board.  Also  by  publica- 
tion of  facts  concerning  the  produc- 
tion of  honey  to  counteract  any  mis- 
representation  of  the   same. 

Art.   Ill— Membership  and   Dues. 

Sec.  I — Any  bee-keeper  may  become 
a  member  by  paying  to  the  Manager 
an  annual  fee  of  $1.00  for  each  20  (or 
fraction  of  20)  colonies  of  bees 
(spring  count)  he  owns  or  operates. 

Sec.  2 — Any  honey-dealer,  bee-sup- 
ply dealer,  bee-supply  manufacturer, 
bee-paper  publisher,  or  any  other  firm 
or  individual,  may  become  a  member 
on  the  annual  payment  of  a  fee  of 
$10.00,  increased  by  one-fifth  of  one 
(i)  per  cent,  of  his  or  its  capital  used 
in  the  allied  interests  of  bee-keeping. 

Sec.    3 — The    annual    dues    shall    be 


payable  in  advance,  on  or  before  Maj 
I  of  each  year. 

Sec.  4 — Membership  shall  ceas( 
when  dues  are  in  arrears  thre< 
months. 

Art.   IV — Executive  Board. 

Sec.  I — An  Executive  Board  consist 
ing  of  seven  members  shall  be  elect- 
ed by  mail  ballot  annually  in  th<. 
month  of  March  (after  the  first  elec 
tion),  the  ballots  to  be  sent  to  th< 
membership  between  March  I  anc 
5,  the  polls  to  be  closed  at  noon  Apri 
I.  They  shall  be  the  seven  member! 
receiving  the  highest  number  of  vote: 
cast.  In  case  of  a  tie-vote,  the  othe: 
members  of  the  Board  shall  decide  it 

Sec.  2 — The  votes  shall  be  mailed  t( 
the     Secretary,     who,     with     anothe 
member  to  be  selected  by  the  balanc. 
of  the  Executive  Board,  shall  togethe 
count  the  votes  and  certify  the  resul 
to   the   Manager,  who   shall   then   for  • 
ward  copies  of  the  same  to  the  Unite(  ' 
States  bee-papers  for  publication,  am  ' 
also  give  same  in  his  annual  report.    ] 

Sec.  3 — The  Executive  Board  shal 
have  the  general  management  of  th 
League,  and  shall  elect  from  thei 
number  the  officers  named  in  Articl 
V,  Sec.  I,  who  shall  execute  the  order 
of  the  Board,  and  hold  their  severa 
offices  until  their  successors  are  elect 
ed  and  qualified. 

Sec.  4 — The  Executive  Board  shal 
meet  annually,  on  the  third  Wednes 
day  in  April,  in  Chicago,  for  the  elec 
tion  of  officers,  and  for  the  transactio; 
of  such  other  business  as  may  regular 
ly  come  before  it. 

Sec.  5 — Special  meetings  of  the  Ex 
ecutive  Board  shall  be  held  when  call 
ed  by  the  President,  upon  request  o 
three  or  more  members  of  the  Board 

Art.  v.— Officers. 

Sec.     I- — The     officers,     shall     be    ; 
President,    Vice-President,    Secretary! 
Treasurer  and  Manager.  ;l 

Sec.  2 — The  duties  of  the  Presiden 
and  Vice-President  shall  be  such  a: 
usually  devolve  upon  these  officers. 

Sec.  3 — The  duties  of  the  Secretary 
shall  be  to  keep  a  record  of  the  meet- 
ings of  the  Executive  Board,  (and  tc 
count  the  ballots  of  all  votes  of  tht 
membership,  as  provided  by  Art.  IV 
Sec.  2,  the  result  of  which  he  is  to  for- 
ward at  once  to  the  Manager. 

Sec.  4 — The  Treasurer  shall  keep  i 
record  of  all  moneys  received  from  the 
Manager,    giving    his    receipts    there 


1905. 


THE   AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


93 


for;  and  he  shall  pay  out  funds  only 
on  bills  approved  as  per  Sec.  5  of  this 
article. 

Sec.  5 — The  duties  of  the  Manager 
shall  be  to  conduct  the  actual  business 
of  the  League  as  directed  by  the  Ex- 
ecutive Board;  to  keep  a  list  of  the 
membership;  to  account  for  all 
moneys  received,  and  turn  same  over 
to  the  Treasurer,  taking  his  receipt 
therefor;  to  prepare  and  mail  in 
March  of  each  year,  to  the  member- 
ship, an  annual  report  containing  a 
financial  statement,  and  such  other 
matters  as  would  be  of  interest  to  all 
;oncerned,  including  all  ballots  and 
imendments;  and  to  issue  orders  on 
he  Treasurer  for  payment  of  all  bills, 
■vhen  countersigned  by  the  President. 

Sec.  6 — The  Treasurer  and  Manager 
-hall  each  furnish  such  bond  as  shall 
)e  satisfactory  to  the  Executive 
3oard. 

Art.  VI. — Salaries  and  Expenses. 

Sec.  I — No  salary  shall  be  paid  any 
)fficer  of  this  League,  but  the  actual 
xpense  of  holding  meetings  of  the 
executive  Board  (when  they  deem 
uch  necessary)  shall  be  paid  from 
he  general  expense-fund. 

Sec.  2 — There  shall  be  an  allowance 
if  five  (5)  per  cent,  of  the  cash  re- 
eipts  to  cover  all  general  expenses, 
uch  as  printing,  meetings  of  the  Ex- 
cutive  Board,  etc.,  the  remaining 
linety-five  (95)  per  cent,  to  be  applied 
in  the  advertising  proper. 

Art.  VII — Amendments. 
This  Constitution  may  be  amended 
y  a  two-thirds  vote  of  the  member- 
hip  at  any  regular  election,  provided 
uch  proposed  amendment  be  first 
ubmitted  to  the  Executive  Board 
nd  approved  by  it. 

Minutes  of  First  Meeting. 
A  temporary  organization  was  ef- 
■icted  and  the  foregoing  Constitution 
dopted,  when,  upon  motion  of  Ralph 
V.  Boyden,  the  following  members 
ere  elected  as  an  Executive  Board: 
)r.  C.  C.  Miller,  W.  Z.  Hutchinson, 
rthur  L.  Boyden,  George  W.  York, 
.  P.  Dadant,  N.  E.  France  and 
eorge   C.   Lewis. 

A  permanent  organization  was  then 
Jrmed,  and  the  following  officers 
ected:  President,  Dr.  C.  C.  Miller; 
ice-President,  George  C.  Lewis;  Sec- 
:tary,  W.  Z.  Hutchinson;  Treasurer, 
rthur  L.   Boyden;  Manager,  George 


York. 


Before  adjourning  it  was  resolved 
to  do  no  general  advertising  until 
there  is  at  least  $5,000  in  the  hands  of 
the  Treasurer;  the  Manager  was  in- 
structed to  take  the  necessary"  steps 
for  securing  the  incorporation  of  the 
League;  and  the  Secretary  and  Mana- 
ger were  appointed  a  committee  to 
prepare  the  necessary  literature  for 
use  in  soliciting  membership. 
SOME  QUESTIONS  ANSWERED. 
While  the  Constitution  quite  clear- 
ly outlines  the  aims  and  objects  of  the 
League,  a  few  questions  will  naturally 
spring  to  the  lips  of  one  who  contem- 
plates joining  its  ranks,  hence  it  may 
be  well  to  answer  in  advance  as  many 
as  possible  of  them. 

Naturally,  the  first  question  asked 
will  be:  "Why  form  a  new  organiza- 
tion, when  the  constitution  of  the  Na- 
tional allows  the  use  of  its  funds  for 
such  work?"  Principally,  because 
the  National  has  not  enough  money  at 
its  command  to  do  the  work  effective- 
ly, and  it  could  not  raise  enough  with- 
out a  change  in  its  constitution,  as,  at 
present,  only  one  extra  assessment  of 
$1.00  per  member  can  be  made  each 
year,  while  the  work  of  advertising,  to 
be  effective,  requires  thousands  of 
dollars  at  once. 

Perhaps  some  will  ask  why  the  mat- 
ter was  not  discussed  in  advance  in 
the  bee-papers,  and  a  public  meeting 
called?  Why  was  the  matter  kept 
quiet,  and  the  work  done  with  appa- 
rent secrecy?  It  was  done  so  quickly, 
simply  to  save  time.  When  the  true 
situation  had  fairly  dawned  upon  the 
three  or  four  who  were  first  discussing 
the  matter,  it  became  equally  apparent 
that  only  by  the  most  prompt  and 
active  work  could  anything  be  done 
that  would  help  the  sale  of  the  last 
year's  honey  crop  before  the  coming 
of  this  year's  crop. 

Some  may  wonder  why  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Executive  Board  were  all 
chosen  so  near  Chicago.  They  were 
thus  chosen  that  they  might  quickly 
and  cheaply  attend  Board-meetings. 
Should  an  important  question  requir- 
ing immediate  action  come  up,  tele- 
grams sent  every  member  in  the  after- 
noon would  enable  them  to  be  in 
Chicago  the  next  morning.  If  any 
mistake  has  been  made  in  the  choice 
of  officers,  it  can  be  corrected  at  the 
next  election.  As  it  is,  however,  it  is 
doubtful  if  a  set  of  officers  can  be 
chosen  who  would  have  more  com- 
pletely at  heart  the  success  of  the  un- 


94 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Ma3 


dertaking.  Besides  this,  they  are  all 
friendly  to  one  another,  and  will  work 
harmoniously  as  a  unit. 

It  may  be  asked  why  no  salaries  are 
paid  the  officers.  If  these  men  are 
willing  to  give  so  freely  of  their 
money,  they  should  be  equally  willing 
to  give  their  time;  besides  if  they 
were  paid  salaries,  many  might  be  in- 
clined to  look  .upon  the  whole  thing  as 
a  scheme  on  the  part  of  the  officers  to 
put  money  into  their  own  pockets.  As 
it  is,  these  men  are  really  putting  in 
their  time,  money  and  energies,  ex- 
pecting no  reward  except  such  as  will 
come  to  them  from  the  improved  con- 
ditions of  bee  culture.  Only  as  honey- 
producers  are  benefited,  will  any 
benefit  come  to  manufacturers,  dealers 
and  publishers,  yet  a  heavier  bvirden  is 
placed  upon  them  than  upon  the 
actual  honey-producer.  The  con- 
tributions of  the  Board-members 
alone  will  reach  nearly  ^i.ooo. 

Every  one,  will,  of  course,  be  inter- 
ested in  knowing  what  forms  of  ad- 
vertising will  be  adopted.  Mainly  that 
*of  advertising  in  the  daily  papers  and 
magazines.  (No  advertising  will  be 
done  in  the  bee  journals,  as  that 
would  be  simply  a  waste  of  money). 
Probably  the  first  feature  will  be  that 
of  killing,  or  removing,  the  false  be- 
liefs regarding  the  manufacture  of 
artificial  comb  honey.  Large  space, 
perhaps  one-fourth,  or  one-eighth 
page,  will  be  used  in  leading  dailies, 
a  large  heading  reading  something  as 
follows : 

$10,000  FORFEITED! 

Then  will  follow  an  explanation  and 
refutation  of  the  matter,  and  the  ofifer 
of  $10,000  as  a  forfeit  to  any  one  who 
can  show  a  sample  of  honey  that 
has  been  produced  artificially.  Of 
course,  care  will  be  taken  to  word  the 
ofifer  properly,  so  that  no  technical 
advantage  may  be  taken.  The  best 
talent  of  the  country  will  be  employed 
in  preparing  and  placing  the  advertis- 
ing. Many  papers  that  publish  these 
advertisements  will  probably  be  will- 
ing also  to  publish  articles  on  bee- 
keeping written  with  a  view  to  in- 
creasing the  demand  for  honey.  Pos- 
sibly firms  that  print  "oatent  insides" 
for  other  newspapers  may  be  induced 
to  use  such  articles. 

At  fairs  and  exhibitions,  it  may  be 
advisable  to  have  educational  honey 
exhibits,  together  with  the  distribu- 
tion   of    suitable    literature.      Possibly 


it  may  be  well  to  put  stereopticon  lee 
turers  in  the  field;  but,  as  has  alread 
been     stated,     newspaper     advertisin 
will  be  the  main  feature. 
AN    ENCOURAGING    INCIDENI 

Let  me  tell  just  one  little  incidem 
On  the  train  while  going  home  froi 
the  meeting,  I  fell  to  talking  with 
young  man  who  occupied  the  sej' 
with  me.  As  we  became  somewhf 
acquainted,  I  told  him  of  the  object  c 
my  trip  to  Chicago,  going  soniewh? 
into  detail.  In  reply,  he  said,  in  sul 
stance: 

"At  our  home  we  are  fond  of  bii 
cuit  and  pancakes,  with  honey  ( 
maple  syrup.  We  send  down  to  Vc 
mont,  to  an  acquaintance,  to  get  tl 
maple  syrup,  as  that  is  the  only  wg 
we  can  feel  certain  we  are  getting  tl 
pure  article.  We  don't  buy  hon( 
very  often,  because,  while  I  had  nev 
heard  how  the  story  started,  as  y< 
explain  it,  I  had  been  lead  to  belie'' 
that  a  good  share,  even  of  coir 
honey,  was  manufactured  stuff  (mos 
ly  paraffine  and  glucose)  and  I  didr 
care  to  eat  it.  I  am  very  glad  to  ha 
met  you  and  to  have  it  proved  to  n 
so  conclusively  that  I  can  eat  con 
honey,  and  feel  that  it  is  the  genui: 
article." 

Friends,  there  are  millions  of  m 
and  women  just  exactly  like  r 
chance  acquaintance,  and,  in  t 
language  of  the  street,  it  is  "up 
us"  to  convince  them  of  the  error 
their  belief.  If  we  could  induce  o 
million  of  them  to  step  into  t 
groceries  tomorrow  and  each  buy 
pound  of  honey,  what  do  you  suppo 
would   happen? 

This  is  the  work  for  us  to  do,  and 
is  the  most  important  work  that  h 
been  taken  up  in  our  line  in  many 
long  year.  Every  other  industry 
pushing  its  products  upon  the  mar 
ets  by  every  means  imaginable;  a 
we  to  sit  supinely  down  and  let  ignc 
ance,  misrepresentation,  and  busines 
enterprise,  push  our  product  off  t 
earth?  See  how  new  and  unkno\ 
things  are  pushed  to  the  front  by  t 
force  of  advertising;  let  us  not  1 
behind,  but  use  this  new  force 
modern  business — advertising — 

push    our    delicious    product    into   t 
position  it  so  richly  deserves. 

Just  a  parting  word:     Don't  wait 
"see  how  it  is  going  to  turn  out." 
others  are  putting  in  their  time  ai 
money  for  the  good  of  the  cause — 


1)05. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


95 


accomplish  something  that  will  help  bee-keeper.  The  covers,  supers  and 
you — meet  them  half  way,  join  hands  brood  nests  are  sometimes  fastened 
ith   them,   do   it   promptly,   and   sue-     together    so    hard    that    it    is    next    to 


■CSS  is  assured. 


Flint,   Mich. 


W.    Z.    Hutchinson, 

Secretary. 


PROPOLIS     FROM     START 
FINISH. 


TO 


(Translated    from    Le    Rucher    Beige, 
by  Adrian  Getaz.) 

[F  AT  THE  end  of  summer  we  take 
a  small  branch  from  a  tree  we 
see  at  the  base  of  each  leaf  a  bud. 
This  bud  must  remain  undeveloped 
)ut  alive  during  the  whole  winter.  To 
hat  effect  it  is  enclosed  in  a  set  of 
iry  scales  and  these  are  covered  with 
I  coat  of  varnish.  When  the  spring 
omes,  the  warmth  of  the  sun  softens 
he  varnish  and  the  ascending  sap 
orces  the  scales  apart  and  lets  the 
lew  leaves  and  branches  come  out 
reely.  That  varnish  is  what  we  bee- 
keepers call  propolis  or  bee-glue.  It 
■^  far  more  abundant  on  some  kinds 
if  trees  than  others,  and  the  quantity 
gathered  by  the  bees  is  therefore 
mich  greater  in  some  localities  than 
n  others.     In   some  places   its  excess 


impossible  to  pull  them  apart.  The 
frames  are  fastened  to  the  rabbets  that 
support  them  and  if  they  happen  to 
he  too  close  to  each  other,  they  are 
invariably  glued  together. 

Some  kinds  of  propolis  cause  red- 
ness and  a  kind  of  eruption  on  those 
who  have  delicate  hands.  Washing 
the  hands  with  a  light  solution  of  am- 
monia will  do  away  with  the  trouble. 

Notwithstanding  the  precaution  that 
the  bees  will  take  to  fill  all  the  cracks 
with  propolis,  the  moth  worm 
get  in  as  in  warm  weather  the  pro- 
polis is  soft  enough  to  allow  the 
worms  to  burrow  through  it.  The 
moth  frequently  deposits  her  eggs  on 
or  near  such  cracks.  When  fresh 
propolis  is  yellow,  but  in  getting  old 
it  turns  brown.  When  warmed,  pro- 
polis becomes  quite  soft  and  can  be 
kneaded  and  drawn  in  threads.  It  has 
an  aromatic  odor.  When  burnt,  this 
odor  becomes  decidedly  resinous.  By 
distillation  a  strongly  perfumed  es- 
sential oil  can  be  obtained.  Propolis 
does  not  dissolve  in  water,  but 
dissolves  perfectly  in  alcohol, 
ammonia  and  spirits  of  turpen- 
These     solutions    when    filter- 


"Hstitutes    a    regular    nuisance 

In  gathering  propolis  the  bees  first  tine 

)u!l   it   ofT  in   shreds   with   their   man-  ed     constitute    an    excellent    varnish. 

libles,   pass   it   to   the   front   legs   and  I"   Ri-^ssia,  where  wooden  utensils  are 

hese  to  the  others  and  finally  to  the  m"ch  used  in  the  household,  the  fol- 

'<)llen   baskets   and   it  is   thus   carried  lowing  kind   of    varnish  is    prepared: 

o   the   hive.     The  bees   do  not   store  1'wo   parts    of  propolis,    one  of    wax 

iropolis    like     the     honey    or    pollen  ^"d   four   of    linseed   oil.      The   oil    is 

rhey    use    it    at    once.     Those    that  lieated  but  not  enough  to  boil.     The 

-ome   in   loaded   with  propolis  cannot  ^ax  and  propolis   are   put  m  and  the 

ake  it  from  the  pollen  baskets  with-  whole  stirred  until  thoroughly  mixed. 

xit  the  aid  of  other  bees.     These  pull  ^^^^  wooden  utensils  are  then  plunged 

t   of¥  in   threads   and    carry   it   where  '"   '^     during   ten    or   fifteen    minutes, 

A-anted.     The  bees  use  propolis  chiefly  tben  withdrawn  and  polished  by  rub- 

u   fill   up   the   cracks,    holes   or   other  ^mg  with  a  woolen  rag.     The  feeders 

'laces     too     small     for     them     to     go  "''^'^^  °^    w*='°d   ^°"^d    ^^  treated    the 

hrough.     All  the  interior  of  the  hive  ^^^^   ^'^^^      '^'^^    mixture,   when    hot, 

s  varnished   with  a   coat  of  propolis;  ""ght  be  applied  with  a  brush. 

\alls,  frames  and  even  sections  if  left  Propolis   can   be   used   as   a   cement 

ong  enough.     Sometimes  they  use  it  to   stop    crack?   of    water   pipes,    and 

r>     make    the    entrance     to    the     hive  any     utensil     not     submitted     to     too 


mailer.  It  is  said  that  it  is  to  pre- 
ent  the  entrance  of  the  large  night 
uitterfly  called  "sphynx  tete  de  mort." 
'^Tis  may  be,  as  in  some  sections  of 
his    country    (Belgium)     where    that 


much    heat.      Broken    china   or    glass 
can  be  mended  w'th  it. 

An  excellent  ointment  for  all  sorts 
of  wounds  and  bruises  can  be  made 
with   a  mixture   of  propolis,   wax  and 


■utterfly    does    not    exist,    the    partial  tallow,    heated    together.      It    is    used 

losing   up   of   the   entrance    does   not  yet   extensively  in  some   countries. 

'^cuv.  'Pl^e   smoke  of  propolis  is  excellent 

If  the  presence  of  propolis  is  an  ad-  to    subdue   bees,   and   will    do   it   even 

antage  to  the  bees,  it  is  not  so  to  the  upon  those  with  which  the  usual  fuels 


96 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


May, 


fail.  The  best  way  to  use  it  is  to  put 
it  in  some  cotton  rags,  roll  these  rags 
and  put  them  in  the  smoker  so  that 
the  propolis  be  scattered  through 
them. 


THE  SHALLOW^  vs.  DEEP  FRAME 
CONTROVERSY. 


Reply  to  Mr  .  W.  W.  McNeal 
By    T.  K.  Massie. 

IN  THE  Bee-Keeper  for  September, 
page  179,  Mr.  McNeal,  replying 
to  Arthur  C.  Miller,  says:  "But  it 
seems  he  (Mr.  Miller)  has  rather 
substantiated  the  correctness  of 
my  claim — that  hives  shallower 
than  the  Langstroth  do  not  pro- 
perly meet  all  the  requirements 
of  a  colony  of  bees  during  the 
cold  of  winter  and  early  spring. 
(We  say  this  is  correct.  We 
also  claim  that  the  Langstroth  is  too 
shallow  to  "properly"  meet  all  the  re- 
quirements of  the  bees  during  winter 
and  early  spring  or  any  other  part  of 
the  year.)  Those  conditions  that 
favor  best  the  welfare  of  the  bees  do 
not  serve  the  interest  of  the  bee- 
keepers so  well.  Either  one  or  the 
other  must  be  the  loser  and  usually  it 
is  the  bees." 

The  above  is  true,  every  bit  of  it, 
but  if  we  can  have  a  shallow  frame 
hive  which  meets  all  the  requirements 
of  the  bees  far  better  than  the  regular 
Langstroth,  giving  us  a  deeper  frame 
for  wintering,  one,  while  not  made 
for  "man's  special  benefit"  alone, 
which  looks  to  the  welfare  of  the 
bees  first  and  yet  retains  all  the  ad- 
vantages to  man  that  the  Langstroth 
does  and  more  too,  then  where  does 
Mr.  McN's  objections  to  the  shallow 
frame  hive  come  in?  It  is  evident 
that  it  is  not  the  principle  of  the  shal- 
low frame  he  objects  to,  for  he  says 
that  "shallow  hives  were  a  great  fad" 
with  him  at  one  time.  Then  it  must 
be  wrong  principles  of  construction 
that  he  is  combating. 

Again  he  says:  "Man's  own  con- 
venience has  gradually  encroached 
upon  that  of  the  bees  till  in  the  con- 
struction of  the  modern  shallow  hive, 
Mr.  Miller  tells  us  it  was  designed  for 
man's  especial  benefit."  (True  again) 
*  *  But  hive  manipulation,  however 
systematic  it  may  be  with  shallow 
hives,  cannot  make  these  hives 
as  warm  as  hives  of  natural  built 
combs."  In  this     Mr.     McN.  is     very 


much  mistaken.  It  also  proves  that 
he  has  never  had  experience  with 
shallow  hives,  properly  constructed 
We  think  the  expression  of  "natural 
built  combs"  must  have  been  a  slip, 
for  certainly  a  shallow  hive  would 
contain  no  combs  that  were  not 
"natural  built." 

"The  divisible  brood-chamber  musi 
have  outside  protection  to  make  it  as 
warm  as  a  large  single-story  hive  oi 
the  same  capacity  would  be  withou! 
outside  packing."  Not  at  all,  Mr 
McN.  You  are  again  mistaken.  The 
ideal  hive  has  frames  only  7  1-4  inches 
deep  and  yet  it  is  warmer  than  anj 
"single-story"  hive  can  be. 

"When  a  colony  of  bees  has  weath 
ered  the  bitter  cold  of  winter  and  it; 
vitality  is  far  spent,  rhe  arrangement- 
of  the  combs  for  warmth  and  protec 
tion    is    of    the    greatest    importance 
when     breeding     is     begun     in     earb 
spring.     We  all  know  that  brood  can 
not   be    reared   profitably   where   chil 
ling  drafts  of  air  circulate."     (Right. 
"The  brood  chamber  that  is  made  ui 
of  two  cases  of  shallow  frarrtes  can 
not  save  the  energy  of  the  bees  as  i 
should,  owing  to  the  great  amount  0 
cold   air    passing    around   the    comb 
and  through  the     very     heart  of     th 
brood-nest."       Wrong,     altogethc 
wrong,   which    goes   to   further   prov 
what  we  have   stated  above,  that  M: 
McN.    never    had    experience    with 
properly  constructed  divisible  shallo\ 
frame    hive.      "If    I    mistake    not    M: 
Miller  makes  good  capital  of  the  the 
ory  of  the   deep   or  tall   section  bo3 
whichever  you   choose   to  call  it.     I: 
fact  nearly  all  the  advocates  of  sha  ' 
low  hives  whose  writings  have  com 
to  my  notice  hold  to  the  belief  tha 
bees    will    complete    a    deep    sectio: 
quicker   than   one   of   a  square   shape 
Funny,    isn't    it?    that    a    principle    0 
hive  construction  said  to  be  so  utter 
ly   at   variance    with   the    instincts   0 
bees  when  employed  in  brood-chair 
ber,  it  should  be  so  mutually  bench 
cial   in  super  arrangement.     With  al 
due  respect  for  the  opinions  of  thoS' 
who   differ  with  me,   I   will   add  tha 
sectional  brood-chambers  and  system 
IS  founded  on  the  strength  of  artificia 
resources  and  unless  it  has  the  back 
ing  of  the  sugar  barrel  it  is  necessaril; 
shorn  of  its  chief  allurement  and  ceas 
es  to  be  practical."      Yes,  we  advocat 
the  use  of  tall  sections,  and,  for  th 
same  reasons  we  advocate  deep  frame 


J 


IQOS- 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


97 


:  (in  shallow  form.)     Yes,  its  funny  to  slou  included:   President  of  the  Wor- 

.see  the  "standard"  advocates   contra-  cester       County     Association,     F.     H. 

dieting     themselves,     continually,     in  Drake,  of  East  Brookfield,  J.L.Day,  of 

their  wild  efforts   to  uphold  a  preju-  Berlin;   O.   B.   Hadwen,  S.  A.   Burges, 

diced     theory.       But     properly     con-  Horace    P.     Jacobs,     of    Auburn  and 

struced   hives  of  shallow  frames,  are  others. 

not    formed    on    "artificial    sources,"  Dinner  was  served  in  Horticultural 

nor   dependent   upon   the   backmg   of  Hall  at  1  o'clock.    For  an  hour  this  en- 
the    'sugar   barrel. 


Taphet,  W.  Va.,  Sept.,  i6,   1904. 


DISEASES    OF    BEES. 


(A  small  armful  of  copies  of  the  paper  con- 
taining the  following,  relating  to  the  Wor- 
cester  meeting,    was    sent    to   this   office    by    ^s  presiding  officer.     After  remarks  of 


tertainment  was  furnished  by  caterer 
C.  S.  Yeaw,  after  which  there  was  a 
social  half  hour,  the  meeting  being 
called  to  order  at  2:30  o'clock  and  con- 
tinued until  4:30. 

President  Drake  called  the  meeting 
to  order  and  Introduced  A.  A.  Hlxon 


various  members,  and  the  matter  was  put  in 
type  for  the  April  edition,  but  was  necessarily 
crowded    out    of   that   issue.      Since    that    time 


welcome  by  Secretary  Hixon  of  the 
Worcester  horticultural  society,  O.  B. 
Hadwen,  a  veteran  horticulturist,  was 


Mr.  Miller  has  taken  a  place  on  our  editorial  introduced.      He  told   of  the   bee  being 

staff,   and  the   discourse   will  therefore   be  the  the      finst      live      stock    he   kept   On   his 

more    interesting    to    our    readers.— Harry    E.  farm,    and    of    the    profit   and    pleasure 

Hill.)  it  furnished  beside  being  of  inexhaust- 
ible study  in  nature. 

Members    and    guests    of   the   Wor-  Burton  W.  Potter,  president  of  the 

cester    county    bee    association  dined,  agricultural  society,  said  he  first  kept 


met  *50cially   and    listened   to    an   ad- 
dress on  disea-ses  of  the  bee,  by  Arthui 


a  hive  of  bees  for  pleasure,  and  to  get 
honey  for  home  consumption,  but  now 


C,  Miller,  of  Providence,  followed  by  he  has  started  an  apiary  at  his  farm, 

open  discussion,  in  Horticultural  hall,  having  five  hives.    He  thought  the  bee 

yesterday    afternoon.      It   brought   to-  an    indispensable   factor   to  plant   life 

gether   as    many    people   interested   in  and  fruit  trees. 

the  busy  bee  as  has  ever  been  congre-  F.  H.  Farmer,  president  of  the  Mas- 
gated  in  Worcester  county,  making  sachusetts  apicultural  -society,  and  H. 
the  most  interesting  gathering  of  peo-  H.  Jepson  also  spoke  of  the  work  of 
pie  conversant  with  the  culture  of  the  bee  and  the  bee-keepers, 
honey  bees  that  central  Massachus-  Following  these  introductory  re- 
etts  ever  saw,  the  enthusiasts  say.  marks  the  speaker  of  the  afternoon. 
It  developed  that  the  disease  of  the  Arthur  C.  Miller,  of  Providence,  was 
bee  so  far  as  the  temperate  zone  is  introduced,  and  spoke  at  some  length 
concerned  is  not  a  serious  problem,  on  "Disease  of  Bees."  Mr.  Miller  said 
Points  were  given  out  that  the  safest  in  part: 

way  to  harbor  bees  so  as  to  prevent  "At  the  start  I  wish  you  to  under- 
winter  killing  is  to  provide  dry  quar-  stand  that  the  ailments  of  bees  are 
ters,  with  colonies  in  proportion  to  the  not  of  such  a  nature  as  to  endanger 
amount  of  food  supply.  humanity  through  eating  the  honey  or 

Arthur  C.  Miller,  the  speaker,  is  con-  handling  the  bees, 
sidered  authority  on  houey  bees  in  the  "Eminent  authorities  suspect  that 
rnited  States,  and  for  L-^i-s  reason  his  much  that  is  ^Titten  of  the  diseases  of 
audience  was  larger  than  usual,  and  bees  is  fanciful,  and  most  of  the  ali- 
bis subject  was  one  which  the  average  ments  originate  from  want  of  clean- 
bee-keeper  is  vitally  interested  in.  Fol-  liness  or  want  of  food.  Bee-keepers 
lowing  his  talk  he  withstood  a  rapid  are  wont,  to  consider  their  knowledge 
fire  of  questions  which  were  asked  by  of  the  bee  as  modern  whereas  knowl- 
the  Worcester  county  bee-keepers,  in  pdge  and  practices  differ  but  little 
bopes  to  solve  some  perplexing  ques-  from  those  of  two  centuries  ago.  Val- 
:ions  which  jeopardize  the  industry  in  nable  ideas  of  early  bee-keepers  have 

his     part     of  Massachusetts.     Those  as  well  been  lost  sight  of. 

aking  part  in  the  after  speech  discus-  "Bee  ailments  as  known  today  may 


98  THE    AMERICAN 

be  divided  into  two  classes,  those  due 
to  germs  aud  those  due  to  nutriment 
but  the  degree  of  malignancy  of  the 
former  is  often  dei)endent  on  the  bee's 
food. 

"Foul  brood  i-s  the  only  germ  disease 
positively  known  as  such.  It  attacks 
bee  brood  and  causes  foul  decompo- 
sition. Black  brood  is  by  some  sup- 
posed to  be  foul  brood,  modified  by 
some  unknown  cause.  Pickled  brood 
is  another  disea-se  of  unknown  origin. 
Paralysis  attacks  tJhe  adult  bee,  and 
symptoms  point  to  its  being  caused  by 
bacteria.  Aside  from  foul  brood,  the 
diseases  mentioned  are  not  common. 

Dysentery,  which  decimates  col- 
onies in  the  Spring,  is  ascribed 
to  no  one  knows  how  many 
causes.  Tumefaction  of  the  antennae  is 
of  rare  occurrence,  and  has  been  notic- 
ed mostly  in  queens.  The  ends  of  the 
antennae  become  enlarged  and  turn 
yellow.  This  extends  to  the  front  of 
the  head  and  the  bee  soon  dies.  Verti- 
go, whose  symptoms  are  a  dizzy  man- 
ner of  flying  and  irregular  motions, 
followed  by  lassitude  and  death,  is  an- 
other disease.  It  is  ascribed  to  nectar 
from  such  plants  as  laurel,  azaleas  and 
I'hododendrons. 

"At  varying  times  and  places,  what 
seem  to  be  different  diseases,  become 
epidemic,  and  whole  districts  become 
depopulated  of  bees.  Careful  analyses 
of  the  conditions  preceding  and  dur- 
ing bee  e])idemics,  point  to  food  as  be- 
ing at  tlie  bottom  of  the  ti-ouble. 
Hereditary  impaired  constitutions  are 
also  a  potent  factor  in  inviting  dis- 
ease. 

"Until  recent  times  it  was  the  cus- 
tom to  destroy  the  heaviest  colonies 
for  their  honey.  This  destruction  of 
the  strongest  left  the  lass  vigorous 
to  perpetuate  the  species.  Evil  results 
finally  became  so  obvious  as  to  arrest 
the  attention  of  bee-keepers,  and 
methods  were  devised  to  obtain  part  of 
the  honey  without  destruction  of  the 
bee.  also  of  taking  the  les-s  populous 
colonies  and  saving  the  heavy  ones 
for  stock.  Next  came  an  era  of  ex- 
cessive and  unwise  manipulation,  re- 
sulting in  great  loss  of  bees. 

"I  know  of  no  practice  that  has 
been  more  productive  of  harm 
than  that  of  spreading  the  brood, 
to    increase    the   strength    of   colonies. 


BEE-KEEPER. 


May, 


Brood  killed  in  this  way  furnishes  a 
hot-bed  for  breeding  disease  germs. 
The  advent  of  the  Italian  bee  was 
hailed  as  a  panacea  for  all  ills  in  bee- 
dom.  It  did  infuse  new  life  into  the 
bee. 

"Now  again  bee  disease  appears  in 
all  directions,  and  in  all  degrees  ol 
maligna-ncy.  Have  any  of  you  noticec 
that  the  spread  of  disease  is  coincldeni 
with  the  so-called  cup  system  of  queei 
rearing?  Proper  rearing  and  develop 
ment  of  queens  is  essential  toi  wel 
bees. 

"Faults  along  these  lines  we  cai 
overcome,  but  curing  illness  well  seat 
ed  is  not  so  easy.  Treatment  of  any  o 
the  diseases  by  drugs  is  diflftcult  an( 
uncertain.  Success  has  been  obtainei 
in  eradicating  foul  brood,  by  the  us' 
of  izal.  Bee  paralysis  has  been  eoir 
crolled  to  some  extent,  by  the  use  o 
flour  sulphur.  The  first  thing  for  us 
to  do  with  any  disease  is  to  remove  a 
unclean  matter,  give  the  bees  clear 
dry  quarters,  sound  stores  and 
healthy  queen. 

"The  McEvoy  treatment  of  foi 
brood  is  -  take  the  bees  from  every 
thing  they  had.  and  keep  them  froi 
combs  or  brood  until  their  stomaci 
are  pre-sumably  free  from  any  gern 
then  give  them  a  chance  tO'  establis 
a  new  home. 

"Dysentery    appears    to   be    a    gen 
disease,     which     is     always     presen 
awaiting    favorable    conditions    to    d 
velop.        In    handling   bees,    we    mu; 
avoid     extremes     of    heat    and    coh 
and  do  not  change  the  proportions  (i 
nurses  to  brood  that  the  latter  are  llil 
ble  to  suffer  from  want  of  food.     Witj 
bees  as   with   hiimanity,   an   ounce  < 
prevention  is  worth  several  pounds  (| 
cure." 

Following  the  talk  by  Mr.  Miller,  11 
was  interrogated  upon  various  phas«| 
of  bee  life,  success  and  failures  of  beif 
keepers. 

Several    of   those   present   were   eij 
rolled  as  members  of  the  society  at  tt| 
close  of  the  meeting.    It  was  announ 
ed  that  the  next  meeting  of  the  soci 
ty  would  be  in  the  library  room  of  tl 
Horticultural    society,    March    18. 
was  also    given  out    that  plans    weiJ 
being  made  for  at  least  twoi  sumnn 
field  days,  when  the  bee  in  life  cou|| 
be  studied. 


1905- 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


99 


Those  present  were:  Arthur  C.  Mil- 
ler, I'roA-idence;  F.  H.  P^armer,  Bos- 
ton, president  of  the  Massachusetts 
apicnltural  society;  H.  H.  Jeppson, 
treasurer  of  the  same  siociety,  Bo-ston; 
0.  B.  Hadwen,  president  of  the  Wor- 
cester County  horticultural  society; 
Burton  W.  Potter,  president  of  the 
Worce.ster  agricultural  society;  C.  S. 
(Jiaham.  Holden;  J.  L.  Day,  Herlin, 
M.  \y.  Goodale,  Oakdale;  F.  H.  Drake, 
East  Brookfield;  H.  L.  Walton,  Wor- 
cester; L.  E.  Griswold,  Charlton;  H. 
L.  Nichols,  Grafton;  O.  S.  Morey, 
Shrewsbury;  H.  C.  Shepard,  Stur- 
bridge;  Horace  P.  Jacob-s,  Auburn;  H. 
A.  Holms.  West  Boylston;  F.  P.  God- 
dard,  Grafton;  Henry  Reed,  W.  C. 
Barnard,  Mr.  and  :Mrs.  A.  A.  Hixon. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  C.  R.  Russell,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  J.  D.  Richardson,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
W.  A.  Green.  INIr.  and  Mrs.  F.  A.  Skin- 
ner. C.  H.  Goodell,  S.  A.  Burgess.  Mrs. 
.T.  W.  Bennett.  .James  O'Connell.  S.  B. 
Par-sons,  Burton  W.  Gates,  Mr.  and 
MrvS.  John  A.  Hough.  Miss  Ida  M. 
Parrott,  ]Miss  Laura  Joudrey,  Charles 
S.  Bacon.  .John  S.  Baldwin  and  Mr. 
and  ]Mrs.  Theodore  Parker  of  Wor- 
cester.— Worcester  (Ma-ss.)  Daily  Tel- 
egram. February  2.5.  1905. 


DON'T  DO  IT  AT  ALL. 

Upperco,  jNId.,  Mar.  ii,  1905. 
Editor  American  Bee-Keeper: 

I  desire  to  ask  you  a  question  re- 
garding the  putting  on  of  supers  and 
extracting  frames. 

I  want  to  use  one  pound  boxes  in 
supers,  for  comb  honey  and  extract- 
ing frames  all  on  one  hive,  that  is  use 
both  on  one  hive.  Which  would  you 
put  on  first,  boxes  or  extracting 
frames? 

The  principal  part  about  it  is  to  ar- 
range it,  so  as  to  get  full  boxes  and 
et   have    room    in   extracting    frames 
o  there  will  be  no  lost  time. 

I  have  been  studying  that  new  hive 

tand   that   you  have   pictured   in   this 

pnth's   paper.      I    would   think    that 

ire   cloth   was   too   flimsy   to   use   on 

hive    stand    that    was    supposed    to 

ast  several  years.  When  that  bottom 

oard   is   lowered   to   enlarge   the   en- 

rance,  if  the  bees  don't  fill  that  place 

ith    propolis    between    the    bottom 

oard   and     shoulder   I     will   be    very 

uch  deceived.  Besides  these  points  I 


think  it  is  a  very  good  invention.  I 
have  a  hive  stand  which  is  similar  to 
the  one  mentioned  which  answers 
just  as  many  purposes. 

D.  H.  Zencker. 


The  use  of  both  sections  and  ex- 
tracting combs  upon  a  hive  at  the 
same  time  is  a  practice  which  has 
been  advocated  by  those  who  are,  or 
are  supposed  to  be  practical;  and  per- 
haps they  are,  but  from  our  own  ex- 
perience we  feel  strongly  inclined  to 
advise:  Don't  do  it.  We  do  not  be- 
lieve the  practice  capable  of  produc- 
ing the  best  results.  For  the  produc- 
tion of  choice  comb  honey,  concen- 
tration of  warmth,  working  force, 
energy  and  receptacles  are  im£ortant. 
The  addition  of  an  extra  extracting 
story  completely  defeats  this  desir- 
able object  and  scatters  instead  of 
concentrates.  Extracting  combs  may 
be  placed  upon  the  hives  as  soon  as 
the  honey  flow  begins;  then,  as  soon 
as  work  in  them  has  well  begun,  re- 
move them  and  place  in  their  stead  a 
super  of  sections.  This  practice  often 
prevents  an  early  attack  of  swarming 
fever,  and  throws  a  heavy  force  into 
the  sections  at  a  time  when  the  work 
may  be  completed  quickly,  thus  giv- 
ing the  most  beautiful  white  cappings. 
There  need  be  no  lost  time  in  the 
supers,  if  another  is  added  before  the 
first  is  completed  and  the  operation 
repeated  so  long  as  the  flow  will  war- 
rant the  addition  of  extra  supers. — 
Editor. 


The  Review  is  exploiting  a  revised 
form  of  earlier  practice  in  making 
forced  swarms  which  is  expected  to 
do  away  with  some  of  the  evils  of 
present  ways.  If  at  the  same  time  it 
eliminates  that  vulgarity,  the  phrase 
"shook  swarming,"  it  will  be  a  wel- 
come change.  There  was  never  any 
good  reason  for  its  creation  unless  it 
was  a  desire  to  be  outre.  It  was  not 
ever  descriptively  accurate  for  the 
swarms  were  often  forced  by  other 
methods  than  shaking.  It  should  go 
the   way  of  other  uncouthness. 


Stand  off  and  get  a  good  perspec- 
tive of  your  work.  It  may  not  be  as 
big  as  you  thought. 


If  your  heart  is   in  your  work  the 
labor  becomes  play. 


4M»M»»»MM»»MMMM  ♦♦♦♦♦♦  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 


THE 


Bee -Keeping  World 


staff  Contributors  :    F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ.° 

Contributions  to  this  Department  are  solicited  from  all  quarters  of  the  earth. 


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BELGIUM. 

(Gleaned  from  Le  Rucher  Beige) 

Mr.  Leger  gives  the  following  rules 
to  prevent  the  queen  from  going  in 
the  supers: 

1st — A  brood  nest  of  sufficient  size. 

2nd — Put  the  supers  on  only  when 
there  is  some  sealed  honey  at  the  top 
of  the  brood  nest  combs. 

3rd — Avoid  putting  drone  comb  in 
the  supers. 

4th — Never  put  any  brood  or  brood 
frame  in  the  supers  to  start  the  work 
there.  If  the  flow  is  good  the  bees 
will  come  just  as  well  without  it. 


CLARIFYING  EXTRACTED 
HONEY. 
Mr.  Kramer  advises  to  heat  the 
honey  as  soon  as  extracted,  to  a  tem- 
perature of  104  degrees  F.  It  is  much 
more  liquid,  and  the  impurities 
separate  more  easily.  It  is  then  left 
two  days  in  a  very  warm  room.  The 
impurities  during  that  time  have  all 
come  to  the  top  and  can  be  skimmeB 
oflf. 


GETTING  READY  TO  MOVE  IN. 
Mr.  Fritz  had  lost  a  colony  duritig 
the  winter.  He  left  the  hive  with  the 
empty  combs  in  place.  One  day  at 
about  dinner  time,  he  noticed  a  num- 
ber of  bees  at  work  cleaning  out  the 
combs  and  hive  actively.  These  pro- 
ceedings lasted  until  about  2  o'clock 
and  then  stopped  entirely;  in  fact  the 
work  was  finished.  About  a  half-hour 
later  a  swarm  was  coming  from  some- 
where and  took  possession  of  the 
hive. 


MAKING  HONEY  VINEGAR. 
Mr.  Louis  Pirson  gives  the  follow- 
ing method  to  prepare  the  very  best 
vinegar  from  honey:     Thirty  pounds 
of  honey  are  mixed  with  25  gallons  of 


water  in  a  barrel  rather  a  little  largei 
than  absolutely  necessary  and  perfect 
ly  clean — never  having  contained  vine 
gar.  The  object  is  to  have  the  alcp 
holic  fermentation  first  and  the  acetifi 
cation  later.  If  both  are  allowed  &■ 
the  same  time  they  partially  counter 
act  and  spoil  each  other.  Four  pound 
of  honey  is  boiled  in  a  gallon  o 
water.  When  cold,  four  pounds  o 
raisins  or  dried  grapes  are  added  t 
start  the  fermentation.  When  it  i 
well  started,  the  mixture  is  poured  i 
the  barrel,  and  the  barrel  left  in  _ 
place  sufficiently  warm  to  keep  th 
fermentation  going  briskly,  thre 
weeks  should  be  all  that  is  neededt 
get  the  alco^holic  fermentatio 
through. 

The  acetification  is  then  produce" 
by  leaving  the  barrel  open,  for  plent 
of  air  is  needed,  and  adding  a  sma 
piece  of  "mother  of  vinegar."  Th 
barrel  should  yet  be  kept  in  a  wart 
place,  so  the  acetification  can  tak 
place  rapidly.  At  a  low  temperatur 
the  aromatic  ethers  which  give  th 
vinegar  an  unusually  good  taste  fail  t 
be  produced.  Furthermore  the  acet 
fication  is  too  slow  and  the  vinega 
might  spoil  during  that  time.  Whe 
the  vinegar  is  made  the,  barrel  is  stof 
ped  and  kept  in  a  place  as  cool  a 
possible.  If  it  is  clear  nothing  mor 
is  needed.  If  not  clear,  a  quart  of  ; 
should  be  taken  out,  a  half-ounce  c 
fish  glue  dissolved  in  it  and  the  whol 
returned  to  the  barrel  stirrin 
thoroughly.  This  will  do  the  clar 
fying.  A  vinegar  thus  made  is  sai 
to  be  vastly  superior  in  strength  an 
aroma  and  taste,  to  anything  herf 
tofore  produced.  If  no  "mother'  1 
available,  a  piece  of  bread  may  b 
put  in  some  good  cider  vinegar  unt 
white  threads  appear  on  it,  and  use 
instead.  As  a  last  resort,  beech  woo 
shavings  can  be  employed. 


igos. 

IT  MUST  BE  A  LITTLE  ONE. 

Those  who  use  a  solar  extractor 
know  that  it  should  be  placed  so 
;he  sun  strikes  directly  on  it.  That 
neans  moving  it  around  occasionally- 
luring  the  day.  To  accom£lish  this 
-asily,  Mr.  Couterel  keeps  his  extrac- 
or  on  a  wheel  barrow. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


lOI 

from  the  flowers  the  mixture  will  re- 
main clear.  If  it  is  honey  dew  it  will 
be  cloudy  and  finally  leave  a  precipi- 
tate. 


SO  HE  SAYS. 


HONEY  AS  AN  OINTMENT. 
A  two-year-old  child  scalded  his 
arm  completely  in  overturning  a  ket- 
tle of  boiling  water.  The  arm  was 
covered  with  honey  and  a  cloth  wrap- 
ped around  it.     The  pain  subsided  im- 


A     correspondent     says     that     the     r--  -.  v.....^  ,..     x  iic  i^diu  auusmeu  im- 
ctar  of  flowers  is  colorless  and  that     mediately  and  the  arm  got  well  in  a 


he  color  of  the  honey  is  due  to  pollen 
hat  gets  in  it.  The  honey  or  nectar 
issolves  the  coloring  matter  con- 
ained  in  the  p  ;)llen. 


few  days  without  trouble,  the  cloth 
was  removed  occasionally  without 
causing  pain  by  first  wetting  it  well. 
Another  cloth  with  honey  was  then 
substituted. 


WORSE  THAN  A  FLEA. 
Mr.  Lacoppe  Arnold  says  that  while 
good  apiarist  could  work  very  well 
'ithout  a  veil,  it  is  not  prudent  to  do 
D.  He  relates  a  case,  where  a  bee  got 
ccidently  in  the  ear  of  the  apiarist 
nd  caused  quite  a  trouble. 

JUST  FILLS  THE  GAP. 
Among  the  ornamental  trees  pro- 
ucing  a  quantity  of  honey  is  the 
ophora  japonica.  It  grows  rapidly, 
irnishes  an  excellent  timber,  and  an 
nmense  quantity  of  white  flowers 
reducing  almost  as  much  nectar  as 
le  linden.  The  blossoming  period  is 
.iring  August  and  September  in 
elgium,  precisely  during  a  period 
hen  the  other  sources  of  nectar  are 
■arce. 


In  uniting  two  colonies  Mr.  Sharp 
advises  to  shake  the  bees  of  both 
colonies  in  front  of  a  new  hive.  There 
will  be  no  fight. 


Mr.  Bertin  lives  in  a  locality  where 
the  bees  are  very  much  inclined  to 
swarm.  He  finally  found  best  to  al- 
low the  first  swarms  to  issue.  He  puts 
two  or  more  together,  so  as  to  have 
some  surplus  from  them.  The  second 
swarms  are  either  prevented  or  re- 
turned to  the  parent  hive. — L'ApicuI- 
teur. 


EVIDENTLY  FROM  OHIO. 
Mr.  Leger  says  that  one  year,  a  col- 
ly  having  an  imported  Italian  queen 
ive  a  good  crop  of  honey  from  red 
over  while  no  other  flower  wasyield- 
g  and  the  other  colonies  gathered 
)thing.  The  amount  is  not  stated  in 
mnds.  He  says  that  in  two  weeks 
ey  built  (in  the  super)  ten  combs 
led  and  sealed  them.  The  frames 
aen  given  had  only  small  founda- 
)n  starters,  their  size  was  13  by  6  1-2 
ches. 


A  TEST  FOR  HONEY  DEW. 

^Ir.  Reidenbach  gives  the  following 
in  to  test  whether  honey  is  from  the 
wers  or  whether  it  is  honey  dew. 
IX  some  of  the  honey  with  lime 
ter,  stir  well  and  let  it  rest.     If  it  is 


TESTING  NEW  STRAINS  OF 
RACES. 

Quite  amusing  is  the  advice  given 
by  some  writers  regarding  the  intro- 
duction and  trial  of  new  strains  or 
races  of  bees.  If  it  is  one  in  which 
they  are  interested  it  is  at  once  the 
part  of  wisdom  for  every  bee-keeper 
to  try  it,  but  if  perchance  the  writer 
IS  opposed  to  it  on  account  of  com- 
mercial or  other  interests  or  from 
prejudice  what  do  we  hear?  "It  is 
dangerous  to  put  such  bees  into  your 
apiary.  They  will  contaminate  all 
your  stock.  You  can  never  elinfmate 
the  bad  blood,   etc." 

Oh,  consistency  thou  art  indeed  a 
rare  jewel. 

Practically  it  is  quite  safe  to  ex- 
periment with  any  race  yoju  choose. 
If  it  becomes  crossed  with  the  other 
stock  the  mismated  queens  can  be  de- 
stroyed, and  if  perchance  some  of  the 
crosses  are  not  disposed  of,  the  blood 
is  soon  "swamped"  in  the  dominant 
race. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


May, 


THE 

American  Bee=Keeper 

Pi  -HLISHED    MON  THL  ) '. 

THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MANFG.  CO. 

Pro/>riftors. 

PUBLISHING  OFFICE,      -      -     -      Fort  Pierce  Fla. 
HOME  OFFICE, Falconer,  N.  Y. 


HARRY  E.  HILL, 
ARTHUR   C.    MILLER, 


-     -     -     -     Editor 
Associate  Editor 


Terms. 

Fifty  cents  a  year  in  advance;  2  copies  So 
cents;  3  copies  $1.20;  all  to  be  sent  to  one 
postoffice. 

Postage   prepaid    in    the    United    States   and 
Canada;  10  cents  extra  to  all  countries  in   the 
postal  union,  and  20  cents   extra  to   all   othi 
countries. 

Advertising  Rates. 

Fifteen  cents  per  line,  9  words;  $2.00  per 
inch.  Five  per  cent,  discount  for  two  inser- 
tions; seven  per  cent,  for  three  insertions: 
twenty  per  cent,   for  twelve  insertions. 

Advertisements  must  be  received  on  or  be- 
fore the  15th  of  each  month  to  insure  inser- 
tion in  the  month  following. 

Matters  relating  in  any  way  to  business 
should   invariably   be   addressed   to 

THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER. 

Falconer,  N.   Y. 


partment  has,  to  my  mind,  been  the 
most  unsatisfactory  feature  of  the 
paper.  I  feel  now,  however,  that  The 
Bee-Keeper  will  be  able  to  present 
editorial  representation  second  to' 
none  in  America,  in  point  of  indepen- 
dence, progressiveness,  fairness  and 
force. 

It  is  questionable  if  the  world  to- 
day holds  a  more  thorough  and  alert 
student  of  practical  and  scientific  api- 
culture, or  one  who  has  the  ability  to 
more  clearly  express  his  ideas  in  writ- 
ing than  Arthur  C.  Miller.  I  there- 
fore anticipate  a  degree  of  popularity 
for  the  paper  very  much  in  excess  of 
that  which  it  has  enjoyed  in  the  past; 
and  while  congratulating  my  readers 
upon  this  acqusition  and  sincerely  as- 
suring them  of  my  gratitude  for  their 
productive  efforts  in  behalf  of  The 
Bee-Keeper,  I  bespeak  for  my  esteem- 
ed associate  a  reception  as  genial  as  1 
have  myself  enjoyed,  and  a  degree  oi 
support  worthy  of  his  talents. 
Fraternally  Yours, 

Harry  E.  Hill. 


Articles  for  publication  or  letters  exclusively 
for  the  editorial  department  may  be  addressed 
to  H.  E.  HILL, 

Fort  Pierce,   Fla. 

Subscribers  receiving  their  paper  in  blue 
wrapper  will  know  that  their  subscription  ex- 
pires with  this  number.  We  hope  that  yoi 
will  not  delay  favoring  us  with  a  renewal. 

A  red  wrapper  on  your  paper  indicates  t'-  - 
you  owe  for  your  subscription.     Please  give  the 
matter  yo'ir  early  attention. 


BMtorial. 


ADVANCE  OF  THE  AMERICAN 
BEE-KEEPER. 

In  the  history  of  the  American 
Bee-Keeper  this  issue  iparks  the  ad- 
vent of  a  new  era.  A  new  name  will 
be  noted  at  the  head  of  this  depart- 
ment— not  new  to  our  readers,  but 
new  in  this  capacity.  Hereafter  Ar- 
thur C.  Miller  will  be  associated  with 
myself  in  handling  the  editorial  de- 
partment of  The  Bee-Keeper,  and  I 
feel  sure  that  the  occasion  is  one  upon 
which  the  publishers,  the  readers  and 
myself   may   all    be    congratulated. 

For  more  than  seven  years  I  have 
striven  earnestly  to  serve  the  interests 
of  bee-keepers,  and  the  work  has  been 
a  source  of  constant  pleasure  during 
that   period,   though   the   editorial   de- 


GREETING. 
In  greeting  the  readers  of  the  Bee 
Keeper  from  the  editorial  chair,  I  d( 
so  with  considerable  diffidence,  and  i 
was  only  on  the  urgent  request  of  Mr 
Hill  that  I  consented  to  share  witl 
him  the  duties  and  pleasures  of  th( 
work.  I  shall  join  with  him  in  the  en 
deavor  to  produce  a  journal  for  bee 
keepers,  second  to  no  other.  Thf 
paper  has  been  fearless  and  indepen 
dent  in  the  past  and  will  be  equalb 
so  in  the  future.  No  effort  will  b 
spared  to  give  full,  free  and  fair  state 
ments  of  all  sides  of  all  questions  per 
taining  to  the  bee  industry.  Even 
implement,  practice  and  belief  pre 
sentcd  will  be  treated  on  its  merit 
and  nothing  that  can  possibly  be  o 
interest  or  value  to  bee-keepers  big  0 
little,  will  be  intentionally  omitted 
Neither  of  the  editors  have  any  en 
tangling  alliances,  no  implements_  t( 
sell,  no  practices  to  exploit,  nothinj 
to  hamper  or  hinder  them  in  their  ef 
forts.  When  our  contemporarie 
present  something  better  than  we  d( 
we  may  ask  to  "borrow"  it  and  w< 
will  cheerfully  lend  them,  on  prope 
credit,  any  of  our  good  material. 
Fraternally, 

Arthur  C.  Miller. 


i 


1905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


103 


Prompt  action  in  business  matters  by  the  aid  of  the  innumerable  books 

is  a  virtue,  but  some  recent  business  and   periodicals   on   bees,   now  acces- 

inaneuvers  raise  the  question  whether  sible,  one  may  soon  become   well   in- 

t  is  not  possible  to  be  too  virtuous.  formed. 


I'.xtra  hives,  proportionate  in  num- 
ler  to  the  size  of  the  apiary,  should 
ihvays  be  on  hand  during  the  season 
or  the  reception  of  swarms  that  may 

ssue. 


The-  next  meeting  of  the  St.  Croix 
"alley  Honey  Producers'  Association, 
"ilenwood.  Wis.,  will  be  held  at  the 
onie   of   Leo.    F.    Hanegan,   in    Glen- 

ood.  May  21.  Manager  Hanegan 
ordiallj'  invites  all  bee-keepers  to  be 
is  guests  on  that  day. 


The  Irish  Bee  Journal,  one  of  the 
veliest  and  best  apiarian  journals  in 
II  Europe,  starts  this  month  upon  its 
fth  volume.  The  popularity  and 
iccess  of  our  Irish  contemporary  are 
reat,  but  not  more  so  than  it  de- 
■rves. 


Our  reaiders  will  please  notice  that 
ey  are  no  longer  dependent  on  thir- 
-three  years  of  experience,  as  we 
nv  have  among  our  valued  contribu- 
rs  one  who  has  spent  sixty  profita- 
e  years  with  the  little  winged  puz- 
es  and  whose  writings  are  based  on 
-  own  work  and  observations. 


That  sugar  syrup  serves  well  as  a 
inter  food  for  bees,  and  that  it  is 
I  right  as  a  stimulative  food,  is  con- 
ded;  but  that  the  practice  of  using 
for  either  purpose  results  in  injury 
the  industry  must  be  admitted.  It 
in  this  case,  not  the  evil,  but  the 
ppearance  of  evil"  that  effects  the 
iury. 


Fred  W.  Muth  the  big  honey  dealer 
Cincinnati,  wrote  April  4:  "I  have 
-t  looked  over  my  bees,  and  also 
jse  of  a  friend,  and  find  that  they 
:■  fully  a  month  in  advance  of  their 
'iidition  last  year  at  this  date.  The 
<)ver  is  not  looking  very  encourag- 
i,"  now,  but  it  is  too  early  yet  to 
jlge  as  to  the  coming  season." 


t  is  unreasonable  to  think  that  any 
'  ■  without  experience  or  knowledge 
'  bees  may  engage  in  the  pursuit  of 

culture  and  immediately  derive 
I  refrom  any  considerable  degree  of 
fier   pleasure    or    profit.      However, 


Bees  have  wintered  fairly  well 
throughout  New  England,  but  from 
some  places  come  repc/.ts  of  no  old 
pollen  in  the  combs,  and  consec^uent- 
ly  very  little  brood.  If  this  condi- 
tion is  general  a  crop  from  fruit 
Ijloom  need  not  be  expected.  Too 
little  pollen  is  worse  than  too  much, 
for  in  the  latter  case  it  can  be  re- 
moved. 


Would  you  address  five  or  six  pos- 
tal cards  to  friends  who  keep  bees  in 
payment  for  six  months  or  a  year's 
subscription  to  The  Bee-Keeper?  If 
so,  you  will  thereby  have  an  oppor- 
tunity to  materially  assist  our  ef- 
forts to  increase  our  circulation  and 
improve  the  paper.  Write  our  Fal- 
coner, N.  Y.,  oilice  for  details  of  the 
plan. 


"Westward  the  course  of  Empire 
takes  its  way,"  but  in  taking  its  "way" 
it  left  behind  several  very  comfortable 
things.  Among  these  are  a  lot  of  en- 
thusiastic bee-keepers  in  New  Eng- 
land. The  states  comprising  that  sec- 
tion of  the  country  contain  many  a 
snug  little  apiary  and  many  thousands 
of  pounds  of  honey  are  produced  and 
sold  almost  within  sound  of  the  hum 
of  the  busy  laborers. 


The  impulsive  formation  of  the 
Honey  Producer's  League,  it  is  stated, 
was  apparently  necessary  in  order  to 
help  move  last  year's  crop  of  honey 
from  the  markets  in  time  to  give  the 
new  crop  a  chance.  'Before  adjourn- 
ing," however,  "it  was  resolved  to  do 
no  general  advertising  until  there  is, 
at  least  $5,ooo  in  the  hands  of  the 
treasurer."  Where's  the  fellow  that 
said  the  bee-keepers  were  a  slovs'  lot? 


Massachusetts  can  proudly  boast  of 
two  thrifty,  hustling,  bee-keepers' 
societies,  the  Worcester  County  Bee- 
keepers' Association  and  the  Massa- 
chusetts State  Bee-keepers'  Associa- 
tion. The  membership  comprises 
men  and  women  from  all  walks  of  life 
and  great  interest  and  enthusiasm  is 
displayed  at  all  their  meetings.  They 
enter  into  a  breadth  and  depth  of  dis- 
cussion that  is  most  inspiring.     Now 


I 


104 


THE   AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


May, 


that  the  Old  Bay  State  is  bestirring 
herself  the  rest  of  the  Sta.tes  will 
needs  look  to  their  laurels  if  they 
would  keep  them. 


SCIENCE  IN  APICULTURE. 

Practical  bee-keepers  sometimes 
look  askance  at  what  they  term  sci- 
entitic  articles.  It  may  not  be  amiss 
to  say  that  science  is  naught  but 
"knowledge,  co-ordinated,  arranged 
and  systematized."  What  really  dis- 
turbs them  are  the  long,  dry  state- 
ments of  details  often  necessary  to 
make  the  record  of  the  matter  under 
consideration  so  complete  that  other 
persons  may  intelligently  take  up  the 
work  therefrom. 

Careless  and  loose  statements  of 
ways,  means  and  methods  are  among 
the  most  potent  hindrances  to  prog- 
ress in  all  pursuits  and  none  more 
than  in  bee-keeping.  An  example  will 
help  to  make  this  clear:  A  bee-keep- 
er writes,  "I  took  a  strong  colony, 
etc."  His  idea  of  a  strong  colony  is 
one  thing,  the  reader's  may  be  an- 
other. One  man  calls  eight  '"L" 
frames  well  stocked  with  brood  and 
bees  "strong,"  the  next  man  does  not 
not  consider  less  than  twenty  such 
frames,  strong.  The  latter  man  ac- 
complishes results  with  his  stock 
impossible  with  the  eight  frame  size. 
The  reader  tries  it  with  another  idea 
as  "strong"  and  fails.  Had  accurate 
details  been  given  (i.  e.  a  scientific 
article)   all   would   have  ben   clear. 

It  is  our  aim  to  have  the  matter 
appearing  in  the  Bee-Keeper  full, 
complete  and  accurate  and  at  the 
same  time  as  far  as  possible  avoid  the 
dry  details  to  which  many  object. 


No  system  of  wintering  bees  can 
be  made  to  yield  cer^iji  and  pre-de- 
termined  results  unless  temperature, 
air  and  moisture  are  under  absolute 
control.  Persons  who  make,  or  con- 
template making  be'e-keeping  their 
sole  means  of  support,  or  even  depend 
on  it  to  a  large  extent,  will  do  well 
to  arrange  to  construct  a  repository 
for  their  bees  in  which  these  factors 
can  be  controlled.  It  is  not  necessary 
that  such  repository  be  under^ground 
but  such,  as  a  rule,  are  safer  and 
cheaper  in  the  end.  It  is  none  too 
soon  now  to  consider  the  location  and 
details  essential  to  their  proper  con- 
struction if  you  contemplate  having 
one  for  next  winter. 


THE  HONEY  PRODUCERS' 
LEAGUE. 

Considerable  space  this  month  is 
devoted  to  matter  pertaining  to  the 
new  organization  recently  formed  at 
Chicago.  It  is  given  in  full  in  order 
that  our  readers  may  study  the  details 
of  its  various  phases  and  decide  for 
themselves  as  to  its  merits. 

That  some  efficient  method  of  edu- 
cation that  would  tend  to  popularize 
honey,  was  sorely  needed  is  a  fact 
most  keenly  realized  by  those  who 
produce  honey  for  the  market;  but 
whether  the  course  pursued  by  the  lit- 
tle meeting  at  Chicago  last  month 
meets  the  requirements  of  the  case,  is 
yet  an  open  question. 

The  great  haste  with  which  thf 
ideas  of  the  several  gentlemen  wert. 
put  into  effect  may  be  responsible  foi 
constitutional  features  that,  to  saj 
the  least,  are  not  calculated  to  inspire 
great  public  confidence  in  the  League 
This  is  to  be  regretted,  as,  under  th( 
present  constitution,  the  inembershii 
is  without  power  to  amend  any  defec 
which  may  become  evident  in  th( 
constitution,  unless,  perchance,  tht 
needed  amendment  should  happen  t( 
meet  with  the  approval  of  the  Boar( 
of  Directors  already  in  power. 

The  American  Bee-Keeper  note 
with  regret  that  so  imoortant  a  ste- 
in America's  apicultura"T"affairs  shoul 
necessarily  have  to  be  announced  V 
the  public  to  which  it  looks  for  sup 
port,  with  an  apology  for  its  initia 
move. 


THE  STANDARD  OF  EXCEL 
LENCE  IN   HONEY. 

In  this  number  of  The  Bee-Keepe 
appears  a  very  interesting  article  b; 
Mr.  Hall,  in  regard  to  the  excellenc 
of   Canadian   honey. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  this  mag 
nificent  showing  is  reported  from  th 
"land  of  his  nativity,"  and  the  fact 
are  chronicled  by  the  hand  of  hi 
respected  preceptor,  upon  his  nativ 
heath,  there  cannot  be  anythin 
humiliating  therein  to  the  writer.  H 
is  hardly  liable  to  be  prejudice 
against  Ontario,  one  of  the  richest  an 
most  beautiful  sections  of  the  world. 

However,  all  that  has  been  writtC; 
upon  this  matter  of  climatic  eflftc 
upon  the  quality  of  honey,  raises  th 
question:  Who  is  competent  to  de 
termine  the  qualities  essential  to  plac 
any   specific   sample   of  honey   in   th 


IQOS. 

highest  class?  What  constitutes  per- 
fection in  any  particular  sample  of 
lioney? 

The  simple  question.  "What  is 
honey?"  has  apparently  baffled  the 
wise  heads  of  our  day.  Whether 
nuagre  knowledge,  or  a  deficiency 
in  our  language  is  responsible  for  the 
inal)ility  to  answer,  we  shall  not  ven- 
ture; but  the  foregoing  questions  are 
liable  to  prove  even  more  difficult  of 
solution  than  the  latter.  Everybody 
ought  to  know  that  Ontario  produces 
the  finest  quality  of  butter  on  earth. 
The  writer  was  raised  to  this  tune, 
md,  of  course,  accepted  it.  In  fact, 
t  was  regarded  be3^ond  question  that 
Ontario's  dairy  products  were  un- 
.'qualled  anywhere.  Portions  of  New 
England,  Western  New  York,  South- 
Mn  California,  and  several  hundred 
5ther  sections  of  our  great  American 
:ontinent  likewise  persist  in  instil- 
ing into  the  minds  of  the  rising  gen- 
ration  the  fact  that  their  own  blessed 
ocality  stands  alone,  the  envy  of  all 
he  earth,  in  the  production  of  dairy 
troducts  of  the  very  highest  order. 

If   one    happens    to    sojourn    during 

pringtime  within  the  borders  of  On- 

ario,  Vermont  or  Ohio,  he  may  soon 

)e  convinced  of  the  great  superiority 

)f  the   maple   sugar   produced   in  the 

espective  localities,  and   of  the  vast 

uperiority  of  each  respective  locality 

)ver  each  of  the  others.     Of  course, 

he  writer  knows  that  Ontario's  is  in 

act  the  best  for  he  has  toted  sap  for 

veeks,  made  and  tasted  it.     Its  deli- 

ious  odor,  even  now,  penetrates  the 

cores  of  intervening  years  and  spans 

I  he  distance  of  more  than  i,6oo  miles. 

t  There  cannot  be  anything  equal  to  its 

t  leautiful    golden    color    ana    delicate 

i  naple  flavor.     We  are  not  prejudiced, 

:  f  course.     We   simply  know   that  it 

1,5  conceded  that  Ontario  produces  the 

;  est.  That  is,  when  we  are  in  Ontario. 

('n  Ohio,  or  in  Vermont  it  is  some- 

i  .hat  different.     But  they  are  envious. 

Jamaica  oranges     lead   the     world. 

Ve  know  this,   not  from   experience, 

ut  through  constantly  reading  Jama- 

'.an   papers   which    are   UDon   our   ex- 

hange  list.     Several  years  ago  when 

le  writer   was   in    California   he    did 

ot  know  that  Jamaican  oranges  were 

le  best.     The  fact  is,  everything  in 

?idence  went  to  show  that  the  only 

anges  worthy     of  the     name     were 

alifornia  oranges,  and  all  else  were 

t'  miserable    makeshifts — pretenses 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER 
at  being  oranges 


105 


Now,  the  epicures 
of  the  world  recognize  only  Florida 
oranges,  and  the  upper  crust  of  epi- 
curism will  accept  nothing  but  those 
grown  upon  the  banks  of  the  Indian 
river — the  nearer  the  brink  the  fruit 
is  grown  the  quicker  will  they  grab 
it.  Evidence  of  this  condition  of  af- 
fairs is  on  every  hand.  Why?  Simp- 
ly because  the  writer  now  lives  on  the 
banks  of  the  Indian  river. 

After  all,  is  not  the  matter  of  quali- 
ty in  honey  a  matter  of  personal  taste, 
or,  at  least,  personal  education?  We 
have  eaten  basswood  honey  produced 
in  Ontario  and  also  basswood  honey 
produced  in  Florida.  It  all  tasted  the 
same — none  of  it  very  palatable. 
Canadian  white  clover  honey  is  a 
most  delicious  article;  but  our  own 
experience  does  not  lead  us  to  regard 
it  as  in  any  way  the  superior  of  the 
white  clover  honey  produced  and 
handled  by  like  methods  anywhere 
else  in  the  United  States.  We  have 
eaten  honey  produced  on  the  south 
coast  of  Cuba  which,  to  our  taste,  was 
the  equal  of  any  honey  produced  in 
Canada  or  the  northern  states,  re- 
gardless  of  its   source. 

In  conclusion,  let  us  propound  anew 
the  question,  "What  constitutes  per- 
fection in  any  particular  sample  of 
honey?"  Let  someone  who  is  suffi- 
ciently wise  formulate  the  standard 
and  submit  it  to  the  world;  then  we 
may  determine  the  question  of  cli- 
matic influence  upon  the  quality  of 
honey. 


CONSUMPTION  OF  SWEETS 
DECLINING. 

A  recent  canvass  of  some  leading 
grocer  elicited  the  statement  that  the 
proportion  of  the  consumption  of 
all  sweets  but  candies  has  steadily  de- 
clined, the  purchasing  public  taking 
more  fresh  fruits,  vegetables,  canned 
supplies  and  novelties  of  sundry  sorts. 
The  stores  at  all  seasons  are  stocked 
with  these  things  as  never  before,  and 
they  are  natural  competitors  of  honey. 
There  is  a  limit  to  the  purchasing 
and  consuming  power  of  the  public 
and  the  advent  and  display  of  the 
thousand  and  one  palate-teasers  are 
bound  to  have  efifect. 

Candy  was  never  so  extensively 
made  and  sold  as  now  and  persons 
who  eat  freely  of  it  are  not  likely  to 
eat  honey  at  meal  times  with  the 
avidity   they   otherwise   would. 


io6  THE    AMERICAN 

All  these  factors,  coupled  perhaps 
with  a  greatly  increased  production  of 
honey  have  much  to  do  with  the  stag- 
nation of  the  honej^  market.  Adver- 
tising and  better  distribution  will 
probably  afford  much  relief.  The 
feeding  of  less  sugar  syrup  and  the 
leaving  of  the  poor  grades  of  honey 
with  the  bees  will  also  help  and  help 
largely. 


BEE-KEEPER. 


May, 


Are  you  keeping  bees  for  pleasure 
or  profit?  There  is  more  pleasure  if 
they  yield  a  profit  or  even  pay  their 
own  way.  But  there  is  a  lot  of  pleas- 
sure  either  way. 


Honey    and   Beeswax   Market. 


Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  April  13.— Though  the  supply 
of  honey  is  quite  liberal  the  demand  is  good 
considering  the  lateness  of  the  season.  We 
quote  our  market  today:  Fancy  comb,  12  to 
13c.  No.  2,  9  to  lie.  No.  3,  7  to  8c.  Bees- 
wax, 28  to  32c.  Honey  surely  should  be 
sold  now.  Common  has  to  be  cut  and 
pushed  hard  to  effect  sales.  Fancy  sells  very 
well.  Batterson   &  Co. 


Denver,  Col.,  April  13. — Though  the  de- 
mand for  honey  is  a  little  better  than  it  has 
been,  the  supply  is  greater  than  the  local  de- 
mand. We  quote  our  market  today:  No.  1, 
per  case  (24  sections)  $2.20  to  $2.40.  No.  2, 
$1.75  to  $2.00.  Extracted,  6  1-2  to  7  1-2  c.  Bees- 
wax in  demand  at  25  to  38c. 

Colorado   Honey  Producer's   Association. 

1440  Market   street. 


Kansas  City,  Mo.,  April  14. — There  is  a 
better  feeling  in  the  comb  honey  market,  but 
the  season  is  getting  late  and  there  are  some 
signs  of  granulation.  The  supply  is  good, 
with  fair  demand.  We  quote  our  market  to- 
day: Comb,  per  case  (24  sections),  $1.50  to 
$2.00.  Extracted,  4  1-2  to  6  1-2  c.  Beeswax, 
28c.  C.  C.  Clemmons  &  Co. 


BEWARE 

where:  you  buy  your 

BEEWARE 


n rs=" 

I W ATE  ft  TOWN, 


WIS! 


MAKES  THE    FINEST 


G.  B.  LEWIS  COMPANY, 
BEE-KEEPERS^  SUPPLIED 

Watertown,  Wis* 

Eastern  Agents:  Fred  W.  MuthOc,  Cincinnat 
Ohio,  51  Walnut  Street;  C  M.  Scott  et  Co.,  Indiar' 
apolis,  Ind.,  1004  E.  Washington  St.,  Norris  . 
Anspach,  K  nton,  Ohio,  Cleaver  &  Greene,  Tro} 
Penn. 


I 


Real  Estate  Wanted 


To  supply  the  wants  of  Cash  Buyers  every- 
where. Their  names  and  addresses  are 
given  in  full  each  month  in  our  clean,  in- 
teresting family  magazine.  Sample  copy 
.25,  which  will  be  deducted  from  yearly 
subscription  price  of  f  1.  if  you  choose  to  sub- 
scribe. The  first  issue  may  find  you  a  buyer 
and  save  you  a  middleman's  commission. 


M  U.  S.  Real  Estate  Journal  I 

I^L     131      W.  Brighton  Ave.,  Steacuse,  N.  Y.         ■ 

^■iHiaM 


Chicago,  April  18. — A  carload  of  comb 
honey  (said  to  be  from  Colorado)  came  on 
the  market  about  the  first  of  the  month.  It 
was  placed  with  a  firm  that  does  not  make 
a  specialty  of  honey  and  to  some  extent  has 
upset  prices  when  looked  at  in  print.  It  is 
put  up  in  24  section  cases  with  wood  slides 
instead  of  glass  and  is  more  or  less  candied. 
Choice  white  comb  brings  12  1-2  c;  No.  1, 
lie  at  12c;  amber  8c  at  10c.  Extracted  white 
6  at  7c;  amber  5  1-2  at  6  1-2  c,  prices  being 
being  governed  by  quality,  flavor  and  pack- 
age. Beeswax  30c  if  clean  and  of  good  color. 
199    So.    Water    St       R.  A.  Burnett  &  Co. 


Three  Thousand  Gummed 
Labels  for  ,$1.00 

1x3  inches,  printed  to  your  order,  and 
postpaid.  Send  for  catalog,  showing  dif- 
ferent sizes  and -styles. 

FENTON  LABEL  CO.,  Philadelphia,  Pa 


ONE-HALF  INCH  SPACE  ONE  TEAR  ON  THIS  PAGE,  $3.00. 


JJ      J.  DAVIS,  1st,   YOUNGSVILLE,  PA.. 
VV  .      breeder    of    choice     Italian     Bees    and 
Queens.     Quality,   not  quantity,  is  my  motto. 

'the  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Walnut  St., 

1     Cincinnati,      Ohio.       Standard     Bred     Red 

Clover  Three-banded  Queens,  Golden  Italians, 

and   Carniolans.   Safe  arrival  guaranteed.   Send 

THE  A.   I.  ROOT  CO.,  MEDi.^A,   OHIO. 
^       Breeders   of   Italian  bees   and  queens. 

^lUEEiNS  HERE.      We  are  still  asking  you  to 

<   LjiVe  us  your  trade.     We  sell  Italians.  Guldens 

11.1  Carniolans  at  75c  for   untested  and  $1.00  for 

■li.     Prices  on  quantities  and  nuclei  udon  ap  • 

iiion.John  W.  Pharr,  Berclair,  Te.vas.  .Ian6 

r^UEENS  from  Jamaica  any  day  in  the  year. 
V  Untested,  66c.;  tested,  $1.00;  select  tested, 
$1.50.  Our  queens  are  reared  from  the  very 
finest  strains.  Geo.  W.  Phillips,  Sav-La-Mar 
P.    O.,  Jamaica,  W.   I.                                   (5-5) 

;  WARTHMORE     APIARIES.     SWARTH- ' 
"    MORE,  PA.     Our  bees  and  queens  are  the 
Tightest      Italians      procurable.        Satisfaction 
uaranteed.         Correspondence      in       English, 
"rench,    German   and    .Spanish.     Shipments  to 
11  parts  of  the  world. 

r\  J  HLOCHER,  Pearl  City,  111.,  breeder  of 
L-^'  Fine  Italian  Bees  and  Queens  Our  stock 
speaks  for  itself.  Safe  arrival  of  all  stock  guar- 
anteed.   Free  information                            Jan.  6 

1  AWRENCE  C.  MILLER,  BOX  1113, 
L'  PROVIDENCE,  R.  I.,  is  filling  orders  for 
the  popular,  hardy,  honey-getting  Providence 
strain  of  Queens.   Write  for  free  information. 

Y    W.     GARY     &    SON,     LYONSVILLE, 
'MASS.,   Breeders  of   choice   Italian   bees 
nd  queens.  Imported  Leather  and  Root's  Red 
lover  strains.     Catalog  and  price  list  free. 

Pi  H.  W.  WEBER,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 
v<f«  (Cor.  Central  and  Freeman  Aves.) 
Golden  Yellow,  Red  Clover  and  Carniolan 
queens,  bred  from  select  mothers  in  separate 
apiaries. 

.1  OORE'S      LONG-TQNGUED      STRAIN 
of  Italians  become  more  and  more  popu- 
r   each   year.     Those   who   have  tested   them 
now   why.      Descriptive    circular    free    to    all. 
A'rite  J.  P.  Moore,  L.  Box  1,  Morgan,  Ky. 

lOHN  M.  DAVIS,  SPRING  HILL,  TENN., 
•J  has  g^reatly  enlarged  and  improved  his 
queen-rearing  facilities.  Two  unrelated  Car- 
niolans and  a  dark  leather  Italian  lately  im- 
ported. My  own  strains  of  three-band  and 
golden;  "Moore's"  long-tongue;  Doolittle's 
golden;  all  selects.  Ccmiolans  mated  to  Ital- 
ian drones  when  desired.  No  disease.  Cir- 
cular free. 

JONEY  QUEENS  AND  BEES  for  sale.     I 
*  extracted   300    pounds    per   colony   in    1903. 
hos.    Worthington,    Leota,    Miss.       Aug.    5 

iUNIC    BEES.       All     other  races  are     dis- 
carded,     after     trial     of     these    wonderful 
;es.    Particulars    post    free.      John    Hewitt    & 
0.,   Sheffield,  England.                             Jan  6. 

QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER,  has  an 
^  exceptionally  hardy  strain  of  Italian  bees; 
they  wintered  on  their  summer  stands  within 
a  few  miles  of  bleak  Lake  Erie.  Send  for 
Free    Circular.     Bellevue,    Ohio.                 (5-5) 

HONEY  DEALERS'  DIRECTORY 


^"Under  this  heading  will  be  inserted,  for  reliable  dealers,  two  lines  one 
year  for  $1.25.  Additional  words,  12c  a  word.  No  announcement  can 
be  accepted  for  less  than  one  year  at  these  rates._^ 


OHIO. 

COLORADO. 

C.    H.    W.    WEBER,    Freeman    and    Central 
Aves.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio.      If    for   sale,   mail 
sample,    and    state    price    expected    delivered 
in  Cinicinnati.     If  in  want,  write  for  prices, 
and  state  quality  and  quantity   desired. 

(5-5) 

THE  COLORADO  HONEY  PRODUCER 
ASS'N,  14M  Market  St,  Denycr,  Colo.     5 

ILLINOIS. 

R.   A-    BURNOT   &   CO.,   199  South   Wat 
Street,    Chicago.                                        (5-S) 

We    are    always    in   the    market    for    extracted 
honey,  as  we  sell  unlimited  quantities.   Send 
us   a   sample   and   your   best   price   delivered 
here.    THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Wal- 
nut St.,   Cincinnati,  Ohio.                        (5-5) 

Cent»a=Word  Column. 

THE  BEST  PRINTED  PAPE 

^  ^    IN  FLORIDA   Jt  Jt 

A.  H.  REEVES,  Dealer  in  Bees,  Bee-keepers' 

Supplies,    Root's    goods    at    Root's    Factory 
Prices.     Send  for  Catalogues  and  Price  list. 
Perch  River,   N,  Y.                                     May 

Located  in  the  Heart  of  the  Cel- 
ebrated I'iueapple  Belt  and  sur- 
rounded by  many  of  the  finest 
orange  groves  on  the  Indian  Riv- 
er. Port  Pierce  is  the  largest  and 
most  important  town  in  Brevard 
county  and 

The  FORT  PIERCE  NEW 

A  TANDEM    BICYCLE  (for  man  and  lady) 
cost  J150,  in  first-class  condition,  was  built  to 
order  for  the  owner.     Tires  new.     Will  sell 
for  $25  cash.     Satisfaction  guaranteed.     Ad- 
dress   J.    Clayborne    Merrill,    130    Lakeview, 

AGENTS  WANTED  to  sell  advertising  nov- 
ties,    good    commission    allowed.      Send    for 
catalogue    and    terms.      American    Manufac- 
ing    Concern,    Falconer,    N.    Y. 

2o   LATEST  improved  Langstroth   Bee  Hives 

for    sale,    complete    ready   for   use   and    well 
painted.     Inquire  of  Frank   G.   Shimer,   Mar- 
tins   Creek,    Pa.,    for    prices   and   particulars. 

Jtme  5 

is  the  best  paper  in  the  county 
and  the  best  weekly  in  Florida. 
It  contains  reliable  information 
about  this  section  in  every  issue. 
Only   $1.00   a   year.      Write'  for 
sample  copy. 

i 

The  News,  Fort  Pierce,  FI 

ITALIAN     AND     Carniolian     Queens.      The 
Bankston    Baby   Nucleus   and    the    Bankston 
nursery     cage.       Untested     queens     50     cents 
each;   tested  75  cents.    Baby   nucleus,   nailed 
ready    for    use,    35    cents.      Nursery    cage,    35 
cents     by     mail     with    printed    instructions. 

C.    B.    Bankston,     Milano,     Milam     County, 
Texas.                                                         July   5. 

Bee=Keepers'  Supplies 

1  1/^  story  8-frame  L-Hive S  1 

No.  1  .sections  Bee-way,  per  1000 4 

Plain 3 

No.  2,  5c  le.ss. 
24  lb.  Shipping  Cases,  per  100 13 

Berry  Baskets,  Hallock  Boxes,  Crates,  e 
kept  in  stock  and  sold  cheap.    Send  for  list. 

W.    D.   SO  P  E  R 

R.  F.  D.  No.  3.                                     Jackson,  Mi 

INCREASE    is    a    handsome   little   book    tell- 
ing   how    to    form      new     colonies      without 
breaking    working    stocks.      A    simple,     sure 
satisfactory    plan.    Kc.       Baby    Nuclei    tells 
how    to    mate    many    queens    from    sections 
with   a  mere  handful  of  bees.     42  pages,   20 
pictures;  plain  and  simple  plan.  50c.  Queens 
and   queen   rearing   outfits   for   sale.     Golden 
all-over    and    Caucasian    Queens.      Circulars 
free.     E.   L.    Pratt,    Swarthmore,   Pa. 

MILLER'S 

Queen  Rearing 
System 

SUPERIOR  TO   ALL   OTHERS 


Used  Only  for 


Providence  Queens 


Send  your  orders  now  and  remit  when 

Queens  arc  ready,  thus  insuring 

early    delivery. 


NEW  CATALOG  ON  REQUEST 


LAWRENCE  C.  MILLER 


PROVIDENCE,  R.  I. 

P.  0.  Box  1113 


H  tf 


Three    Months  for    Only  gQ    Cents. 
To   a    A  e-cu   Subscriber, 

THE 

AMERICAN  BEE  JOURNAL 

Established  in  1861 

It  is  the  only  zveekly_  bee  paper  in  A  merica 
rhose  who  write  for  it  are  among  the  most 
sxtensive  and  successful  bee-keepers  i-n  the 
world.  Many  of  them  produce  honey  by  the 
ton,  and  make  money  at  the  business,  hence 
their  experience  is  valuable. 

Among  the  Departments  Represented  in  the 
Bee  Journal  Are  These: 


t 


Editorial  Notes  and  Comments;  Mis- 
cellaneous News  Items;  Contributed 
Special  Articles:  Opinions  of  Some  Ex- 
perts; Proceedings  of  Conventions;  Our 
Bee-Keeping  Sisters;  Mr.  Hasty's  After- 
thoughts; Dr.  Miller's  Answers  to 
Questions;  Honey  and  Beeswax  Mar- 
ket Quotations. 


Every  bee-keeper,  whether  having  one 
olony  or  100,  should  read  the  old  American 
see  Journal  every  week. 

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Chicago  Illinois 


Big  Song  Book 


"Polly,  I  Love  But  You,"  words  and  music; 
"Piking  the  Pike,"  "Just  Because  I'm  From 
Missouri,"  "Hiawatha,"  "Navajo,"  "Bedelia," 
"Josie,"  "Only  a  Factory  Girl,"  "Flirting  at 
the  Seashore,"  "The  Little  Brown  Man  of 
Japan,"  "Come  Down,  Miss  Malinda,"  "Ma 
Ragtime  Ebony  Belle,"  and  44  other  popular 
songs,  all  in  one  book,  and  sent  postpaid  for 
only  10  CENTS.  We  will  also  send  a  coupon 
good  for  10  cents  to  everyone  mentioning  in 
what  paper  they  saw  this  ad. 


This  is  a  special  offer  to  introduce  our 
goods,  so  send  at  once. 


H.D.  LEADER  CO. 

tf  GRAND  RAPIDS,   MICH. 


MUSIC  LOVERS 

BIG  MAGAZINE  ONE  YEAR  FOR  TEN  CENTS 

Send  us  lo  cents  in  silver,  together 
with  the  names  of  ten  persons  who 
get  mail  at  your  postofifice  who  are 
interested  in  MUSIC,  and  we  will 
send  you  our  handsome  magazine 
one  year.  We  receive  hundreds  of 
new  subscriptions  daily  from  per- 
sons who  thinlc  our  magazine  a  big- 
ger bargain  than  Harper's,  Mun- 
sey's.  Ladies'  Home  Journal,  or 
McClure"s  This  is  a  special  oiTer 
for  a  short  time  only. 


OUR    SUBSCRIPTION     PRICE    MAY 
ADVANCE  TO   $1    PER  YEAR  SOON 


BERGES    PUBLISHING   CO. 

Dept.  H.  D.  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


Bees  and  Poultry 

This  Offer  Holds  Good  Only 
Two  Months  from  date  hereof 

A  Bee  Jonrnnl  and  a  setting  of  choice 
eggs  from  thoroughbred  stock  for  :ifl.  Ou. 
The  Rural  Bee-Keeper  (one  year  old) 
is  a  new  monthly  journal  devoted  to  the 
interests  of  bee-keepers 

Eveiy  bee-keeper  can  get  the  value  of 
his  money.  There  are  articles  hy  the  best 
writers  known,  upo  i  all  subjects  pertain- 
ing to  bee  culture. 


SUPERIOR   FOWLS. 

Eggs  that  hatch  from  hens  that 

K^tXj'*  ^*  ((^  e^*  (^*  (^^ 


No  expense  has  been  spared  to  secure 
pure  stock.    We  offer  you  a  choice  of  7 
(seven )  breeds  as  follows: 
Barred  Plymouth  Kock,    Buff  Coaehen, 
Bulf  Plymouth  Rock,        Buff  Leghorn, 
White  Plymouth  Rock,      Brown  Legliorn, 
Black  Langshang,  Light  Bramas, 

White  Wyandotte. 

The  price  of  the  eggs  alone  is  fl.OO  per 
setting  [13]  But  we  want  subscribers  for 
the  "Rural  Bee  Keeper"  which  is  5U  cents 
a  year,  and  we  will  sell  you  both  for  $1.00. 
Orders  filled  in  rotation  We  have  25  lay- 
it!g  hens  of  each  breed  except  the  Black 
Langshangs  of  which  we  have  seven. 

Please  indicate  a  second  choice  in  case 
we  have  more  orders  of  one  kind  than  we 
car)  fill.  We  can  sell  but  one  setting  of 
eggs  at  this  rate,  and  only  as  a  premium 
for  the  "Rural  Bee  Keeper."  If  you  want 
more  settings  you  can  have  them  at  SI. 00 
uer  setting  straight.  Address, 

W.  H.  PUTNAM,  River  Falls,  Wis. 


Always  mention 

The  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 

When  writing  to  advertisers.  I 


Are  You  Looking 
for  a  Home? 


It  so  send  for  a  copy  of  The  Farm  and 
Real  Estate  Journal.  It  has  lands  adver- 
tised in  it  from  nearly  every  state  in  the 
Union;  also  city  property  of  all  kinds  and 
stocks  of  goods  for  sale  or  exchange.  So 
that  anyone  looking  for  a  home  or  a  loca- 
tion can  find  anything  he  wishes  in  this 
.Tournal.  It  reaches  33,000  readers  every 
issue  and  is  one  of  the  best  advertising 
mediums  to  reach  the  farmer  and  home- 
seeker.  Advertising  rates  2c  per  word 
for  small  ads,  or  $1  ijerinch  single  column 
each  insertion.  Send  75c  and  we  will 
mail  you  the  Journal  for  one  year,  or  for 
10c  in  silver  or  stamps  we  will  send  it  for 
two  mouths'  on  trial.  And  Journal  will 
be  stopped  at  the  end  of  two  months  if 
you  don't  renew.  No  copies  sent  free. 
H-Peb.  tf 


I  SELL 


Farm  &  Real  Estate  Journal 

Traer,  Tama  Co,  Iowa 


Honey,  Bees,  Land  and  Lumbei 


THOS.  WORTHINGTON, 


LEOTA,  MISS. 


The  Graham-Hyde  Bee  Co. 

Pjilrnnpr'c   Rpp-k'ppnprc'   ^iinnlipc    ^t  factory   prices.      We  have  Falconer's 
rdltUIICI    S    DCC-|\eCJJCr&     OUppilCS    branch  house  covering  the  entire  south- 


western St.-lll-'S 


Send  for  special  catalog,  etc. 

All  leading  races.      Bees  and  Nuclei  in  any  quantity  for  distant 

shipments  a  specialty.    Send  for  circular  and  prices. 

Bought  and  sold.      Honey   cans  in   season;    be    sure  and  get  our 

prices. 


Bees  and  Queens 
Honey  and  Wax 

Our     Mot f  n    '^'^  have  everything  the  bee-keeper  needs  and  to  buy  his  products  in  return. 
Will     iTlUllU    Correspondence  earnestly  solicited, 

The  Graham-Hyde  Bee  Company 

SUCCESSORS  TO  THE  HYDE  BEE  SIPPLY  CO.,  SAN  ANTONIO,  TEXAS 


i 


Beeswax 
Wanted 


We  will  pay  28  cents  cash  or  30 
cents  in  goods  for  good  quality  of 
Beeswax,  freight  paid  to  Falconer,  N. 
Y.  If  you  have  any,  ship  it  to  us  at 
once.  Prices  subject  to  change  with- 
out notice. 

THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MFG  CO. 


When  writing  to  advertisers  mentiou 
The  Americian  Bee-Keeper. 

\  and  5=Banded  Italian 
and  Carniolan  Queens. 

Say  friends,  you  who  have  support- 
ed us  during  the  past  season,  we 
desire  to  express  our  thanks  for 
your  patronage  in  the  past,  and 
respectfully  solicit  a  continuance  of 
your  valued  favors  through  the  sea- 
son of  1904. 

Our  queens  now  stand  upon  their 
merits  and  former  record.  We  are 
preparing  for  next  season,  and  seek- 
ing the  patronage  of  large  apiarists 
and  dealers.  We  do  not  claim  that 
our  queens  are  superior  to  all  oth- 
ers, but  that  they  are  as  good  as 
the  best.  We  will  furnish  from  one 
to  a  thousand  at  the  following 
prices:  "^-"Sted  of  either  race,  $1; 
one  unte  d,  75c.,  5  for  $3.25,  10 
for  $6,  15  for  $8.25,  25  for  $12.50,  50 
for  $23.50,  100  for  $45. 
For  descriptive  circulars  address, 

JOHN  W,  PHARR,  Prop., 

lew  Century  Queen  Rearing  Co.,  Ber- 
clair,  Goliad  Co.,  Texas. 


Chance 

Of  a  Life  Time. 


100    ^^^^^^  *o  raise 

Send  for  particulars  and    sample   copy 
of  the  only 

Belgian  Hare  Journa 

Published  in  America. 

Judge  R.  J.  FINLEY, 

227  Lamb  St  ,  MACON,  Mo. 


BEGINNERS. 

should  hare  a  copy  of 

The  Amateur  Bee-keeper, 

70  page  book,  by  Prof.  J.  W.  Rouse;  written  «■- 
icially  for  amateurs.  Second  •dition  just  ob' 
irgt  edition  of  1,000  sold  in  less  than  two  year* 
ditor  York  says:  "It  is  the  £aest  little  book  pub- 
bed  at  the  present  time."  Price  24  cents;  by 
ail  28  cents.     The  little  book  and 

he  Progressive  Bee-keeper, 

lire,  propressire,  28  page  monthly  journal,)  one 
ar  for  e.ic.  Apply  to  any  first-class  dealer,  or 
dress 

EAHY   MFG-     CO.,  Higginsy>lle,  M.. 


-imtnii  iiimiimiiiMiiiiiimiiiiiiiiii  im—n—ii 

To  Subscribers  of 

THE  AMERICAN  BEE=KEEPER 

And  Others! 

Until  Further  Notice 

We  Will  Send  The 

Country 
Journal 

to  any  addrtes  in  the  U.  S.  A.  one 
year  for  ]n  eents,  providing  you 
vr  jntion  AiMerican  Bee-Keeper. 

The  CKJunlry  Journal  treats  on 
^  arm,  Orchard  and  Garden,  Poul- 
'  ry  and  Fashion.  It's  the  best  pa- 
y»er  printed  for  the  price. 

Address 

The  Country  Journal, 

Allentown,  Pa. 
2tf 


W.  M.  Gerrish,  R.  F.  D.,  Epping,  N.  H., 
keeps  a  complete  supply  of  our  goods,  and 
Eastern  customers  will  save  freight  by  order- 
ing of  him. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  Co. 


Sunshine 


is  gaining  ad- 
miration as  a 
popular    litera- 

ry  family 

■— """^^~^'^~"~""  MAGAZINE. 
It  entertains  its  readers  with  good  short  stor- 
ies, sketches  and  poems  by  the  most  famous 
authors  of  the  day  and  is  a  magazine  of  supe- 
rior merit. 

It  is  a  welcome  visitor  in  every  home. 

Price  25  cents  a  year. 

We  wish  to  haye  our  magazine  in  your 
vicinity  and  as  a  special  offer  for  new  readers 
we  will  send  you 

Sunshine  for  1  Year  for  lOc. 

Think  of  it.  less  than  one  cent  a  copy.    Can't 
you  act  as  our  agent  ? 

ADD.  MAYES  PUB.  CO., 
LOUISVILLE,       =         ENTUCKY 


MAGIC  RHEUMATIC  CURE 


It  absolutely  does  cure.  It  is 
not  a  CHEAP  remedy,  but  it  is 
a  CHEAP  cure.  Mark  the  distinc- 
tion! There  aire  a  thousand  rem- 
edies to  one  cure.  This  is  a 
cure.  It  costs  $2  a  bottle  and  is 
worth  $20  to  any  sufferer.  Sold 
only  by  our  authorized  agents  or 
direct  by  us.  We  wil  send  pre- 
paid for  $2.00. 


Write  for  booklet.Agents  wanted. 


MAGIC  CURE  CO. 

358  Dearborn  Street,       Chicago. 


Are  You  Looking  for  a  Home? 

No  farmer  should  think  of  buying  land 
before  seeing  a  copy  of  THE  FARM  AND 
REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAL.  It  contains 
the  largest  list  of  lands  for  sale  of  any 
paper  published  in  Iowa.  Reaches  30,000 
readers  each  issue,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
advertising  mediums  to  reach  the  farmers 
and  the  Home-Seekers  that  you  can  ad- 
vertise in.  For  75c.  we  will  mail  yom  the 
Journal  for  1  year,  or  for  ten  cents  in 
silver  or  stamps  we  will  send  you  the 
Journal  2  months  on  trial.    Address, 

Farm  and  Real  Estate  Journal, 

TRAER,  TAMA  CO.,   IOWA. 
10-tf. 


Strawberries. 

Young,  healthy,  fresh,  vigor 
ous  stock  in  prime  condition?  foi 
spring  planting. 

All 
Leading  i 

V  a  r ieties 

Write  for  prices  and  terms. 

MONROE    STRAWBERRY    COjI 

Box  66  MONROE,  MICH. 


Headquarters  for  Bee-Supplies 


Complete  Stock  for  i905   Now  on  Hand 

Fri'iulit  rati's  I'roiii  Ciin'iniiati  an-  Uk;  lowest— especially  lor  the  S<uit  !i . 

Prompt  Service  is  What  1  Practice.        Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 

Voii    will    save    money    liu.viiiix    frmn    uie,  Catalu'/    mailed    free. 

HONEY    AND    BEESWAX    WANTED     PAY   CASH  ON  DELIVERY 


Rfoo/'lar'    i\i   Hiiaonc    >  Oolden   Italian,    Ked  Clover  ami  Carniolaus— 
DieeUer    Ol    yUeClIb  -,  ,„,.  ,,,.1,.,.^  ivler  to  my  catalo-. 


Office  and  Salesrooms— 2140-48  Central  Ave. 
Warehouses— Freeman  and  Central  Aves. 


€.B.m.meber, 


CINCINNATI., 
OHIO. 


^GENTS  Wanted  'washing  Machines. 
You  can  double  your  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

id  they  sell  easily.     W©  have  sold  over   150,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years.      They 
e  cheaper  than  ever.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co. ,    Jamestown,  N.Y. 


The  Iowa 

Horticultural 

Paper. 

Monthly, 
50  cents 
per  year. 

It  is  unique, 
planned  on 
original  lines. 

You  cannot 
be  up-to-date 
fruit  growing  unless  you  read  it. 

Balance  of   this   year  free  to  new 
liscribers. 

THE  FRUITMAN, 

Mt,  Vernon,  Iowa. 


iMi™  J^^UL 


unA  &tV\4httVkV  t\\nvivic»  on  (uTiW, 

"yit'vl  t  at  ottit  \«  \\>t  «>«v<l 
fttivu^ptc'vaX  ktt^oimuvvon  d^»«d. 


I.  (S\sy^tfcX<S,'^xt"\A«t&,'fvoT\dia. 


BARNES' 

Foot  Power  Machinery, 

This  cut  represents  our 
Combined  Machine,  wbicb 
IS  the  best  machine  made 
(or  use  in  tlit  constructu.r 
of  Hives,  Sections,  Boxes 
etc.  Sent  on  trial.  Send  foi 
Catalogue  and  Price  List. 
W.  F.  &  [  UAKNES  CO 
913   Ruby  St.,   Rockford.  111. 


50    YEARS' 
EXPERIENCE 


Trade  Marks 
Decigns 
Copyrights  &c. 

Anyone  sending  a  sketch  and  description  may 
(julckly  ascertain  our  opinion  froe  whether  an 
invention  is  probably  patentable.  Communica- 
tions strictly  confideiitial.  Handbook  on  Patents 
sent  free,  oldest  agency  for  securing  patents. 

Patents  taken  through  Munn  &  Co.  receive 
special  notice,  without  charge,  in  the 

Scientific  Emerican. 

A  handsomely  illustrated  weekly.  Largest  cir- 
culation of  any  scientific  journal.  Terms,  $3  a 
year;  four  months,  $1.    Sold  by  all  newsdealers. 

MUNN  SCo.36^«^°^''«^v,  New  York 

Branch  Office.  625  F  St..  Washington,  D,  C. 


ATHENS,  GA. 

Subscription 50  Cents  a  Year. 


Pnblished  the  First  of  Every  Month 

and     Circnlates    in    Every 

Soutliern    Stp.te. 


\  !'\i:kiisix(;  uati:.<^  on  appt.i- 

CATION. 


National  Bee-Keepers'  Association, 

The  largest  bee-keepers'  society    in  the 
world 

Organized    to  protect    and   promote    the 
interests  of  its  members. 

Membership  Pee,  $1.00  a  Year. 

N.  E.  FRANCE,  Platteville,  Wis., 

General  Manager  and  Treasure 


A  Boon 
For 


PooltrKeerTs 


How  we  make  our  hens  pay  400 
per  cent  profit,  new  system,  our 
own  method,  fully  explained  in 
our  Illuatrated  Poultrir  Book,  which  contains 
Poultry  Reepero'  Acc'tand  Egg  Record  showing 
gains  or  losses  evei'  month  for  one  year.  Worth  25 
ct8,  sent  to  you  for  lie.  If  you  will  send  names  of  5 
poultry  keepers  wlthyour  order.  Address, 
«.  a.  VIBUERT.  P.B.  56,  Clintonville.  Conn 


^WE  WERE  AWARDED  A^ 


GOLD  MEDAli 

ON  OUR  BEE-KEEPERS'  SUPPLIES 

AT      ST.      LOUIS,      190 

Also  at  Paris  Exposition,  1899,  and  Trans-Mississippi  Expositfe 
at  Omaha,  1900,  Higest  awards  at  World's  Fair,  Chicago,  at; 
the  Pan-American  Exposition,  Buffalo. 

Root's   Goods   Are   Prize   Winners    and  Are    Sold 

World  Over. 


Assiniboia 

Austria 

Australia 

Barbados 

Belgium 

Bohemia 

Brazil 

British  Guiana 

Brit.  Honduras 

Cape  Colony 

Chili 

China 

Cuba 

Dom.  Republic 

Egypt 

England 

France 

Germanj 

Grenada 

Hayti 

Holland 

Hungary 


India 

Ireland 

Italy 

Jamaica 

Japan 

Manitoba 

Mexico 

Montserratei 

Natal 

Norway 

Palestine 

Russia 

Rhodesia 

Scotland 

Siam 

Spain 

Sweden 

Syria 

Tasmania 

Trinidad 

Vaal  River  | 

Venezuela 


In  all  States  and  Possessions  of  the  United  States 
Provinces  of  Canada. 


CD-XJLJO    Oai^alog    ±ox»    IQC 

is  now  ready.    If  you  wish  a  copy  at  o   nee  drop  us  a  postal.     It  takes  f 
time  to  print  and  mail  to  our  list  of  250,000   bee-keepers. 

THE  A.  L  ROOT  COMPAT 


BRANCHES: 
Chicago,    111.,    144    East    Erie    Street. 
Philadelphia,   Pa.,   10  Vine  Street. 
New  York  City,  N.  Y.,  44  Vesey  Street. 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  1635  W.  Genesee  Street. 
Mechanic   Falls,   Maine. 


n  RANCHES: 
St.   Paul,   Minn.,  1024  Mississippi  Stre 
San  Antonio,  Texas,  1322  So.  Flores  S 
^Vashington,  D.  C,  1100  Maryland  At 
Havana.   Cuba,   Obrapia  14. 
Kingston,  Jamaica,  115  Water  Lane. 


ntered  nt  the  Postonice,  Fort  Pierce,  Fin.,   ns  seconrl-class  nmil  matter 


Homes  in 

Old  Virginia. 

It  is  gradually  brought  to  light 
that  the  Civil  war  has  made  threat 
changes,  freed  the  slaves,  mil  in 
consequence  has  made  the  large 
land  owners  poor  and  finally  freed 
the  land  from  the  original  owners 
who  would  not  sell  until  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  There  are  some 
of  the  finest  lands  in  the  <narket  at 
very  low  prices,  lands  that  produce 
all  kinds  of  crops,  grass^s,  fruits, 
and  berries;  fine  for  stock.  You 
find  green  truck  patches,,  such  as 
cabbage,  turnips,  lettuce,  kale, 
spinach,  etc.,  growing  all  the  win- 
ter. The  climate  is  the  best  all  the 
year  around  to  be  found,  not  too 
cold  nor  too  warm.  Good  water. 
Healthy.  Railroads  running  in 
every  direction.  If  you  desire  to 
know  all  about  Virginia  send  10c. 
for   three    months    subscription    of 

the   VIRGINIA   FARMER  to 

Farmer  Co.,  Emporia,  Va. 

When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER, 


$300,000,000  IN   POULTRY 

Do  you  know  that  the  government  census 
of  1900  gives  the  value  of  the  pouhrv  in  that 
year  at  very  nearly  $300,000,000? 

Poultry  Success  ^p^.S,^,;' 1^,^:1 

is  absolutely  indispensable  to  everyone  inter- 
ested in  cliickens,  whether  they  be  begin- 
ners, experienced  poultry  raisers,  or  only 
keep  a  few  hens.  It  is  without  question  the 
foremost  poultry  monthly  in  this  country, 
and  readers  of  its  articles  on  pure  bred  chicks 
and  their  better  care  and  keeping  have  come 
to  realize  that  it  is  plain  truth  that  "there  is 
money  in  a  hen."  POFLTRY  SUCCESS  hns 
from  3f>  to  112  pages  every  issue;  is  beautifully  il- 
lustrated and  printed;  has  best  writers.  Sixteen 
years  old  Shows  how  to  suerecd  with  i  onltry. 
Regular  subscription  price  50  cents  i)er 
year,  pnccial  offers.  If  you  keep  chickens 
or  are  in  anyway  interested  in  them,  we  will 
send  POULTRY  SUCCESS  to  you  for  one 
year  for  introduf-ii^'n,  and  mail  free  a  large  il- 
lustrated, practiral  poultry  bonk  for  only  the 
regular  price.  .'iO  cents,  or  three  nonths'  trial  10 
cents.    Sample  ropy  free. 

POULTRY  SUCCESS  CO. 

Dept.  16  Springfield,  Ohio 


THE  NEBRASKA  FARM  JOURNA 
A  monthly  journal  devoted  to  agi 
cultural  interests.  Largest  circulati( 
of  any  agricultural  paper  in  the  we; 
It  circulates  is  Missouri,  Kansas,  N 
braska,   Iowa  and  Colorado. 

C.  A.  DOUGLASS, 
Itf  Lincoln,  Neb. 


THE   DIXIE   HOME  MAGAZIN 

10c  a  year.  Largest. Brightest  and  Finest  lllustra 
IVIagazine  in  the  World  for  10c  a  year,  to  ini 
duce  It  only. 

It  is  bright  and  up-to-date.  Te 
all  about  Southern  Home  Life.  It 
full  of  fine  engravings  of  grand  sc( 
ery,  buildings  and  famous  peop 
Send  at  once.  10c.  a  year  postpi 
anywhere  in  the  U.  S.,  Canada  a 
Mexico.  3  years  50c.  Or,  clubs  o! 
names  50c.,  12  for  $1.  Send  us  a  cl' 
Money  back  if  not  deli,ghted.  Stan 
taken.    Cut  this  out.    Send  today. 

THE  DIXIE   HOME. 

1005,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
When  writing,  mention  the  Am.  BeeKeepe 


One  year  fre 
quickly  ini 
duce   it.     M  i 


Big  Magazine 

prefer  it  to  Harper's,  Munsey's,  Ladies'  H 
Journal  or  McClure's.  Send  10  cents  to  ; 
pay  postage.  AMERICAN  STORIES,  Dept. 
D.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mi  h 


A  vest  pocket  Map  of  your  St? 
New  issue.  These  maps  show 
the  Counties,  in  seven  colors, 
railroads,  postoffices — and  m? 
towns  not  given  in  the  pos 
guide — rivers,  lakes  and  mot 
tains,  with  index  and  popv 
tion  of  counties,  cities  and  tow: 
Census — it  gives  all  official 
turns.  We  will  send  you  po 
paid  any  state  map  you  wish 

25  cents  (silver.) 
JOHN  W.  HANN, 
Wauneta,  Neb 


Bee    H  i ves 
Sections 

EVERYTHING 


THAT  IS  USED  BY  BEE-KEEPERS  CAN  BE 
PROCURED  OF  US  AS  CHEAPLY  AS  ANY- 
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No.  51  Walnut  Street, 

J'o^tiSr"-  CINCINNATI,  O. 


QUEENS  AND  BEES 

Have  you  ever  tried  my  queens?  If  not,  I  should  be  glad  to 
have  you  do  so,  as  they  ar  e  as  GOOD  AS  MONEY  CAN  BUY, 
AND  I  GUARANTEE  PB  RFECT  SATISFACTION. 

I  have  three-banded  Italians.  Goldens,  Cyprians,  Carniolans, 
Holy  Lands  and  Albinos.  Untested  of  either  race,  75  cents  each. 
Tested,  $1..50  each.  Breeders,  $3.00.  Contracts  made  for  large 
orders.     Two-framed  nucl  ei  a.  specialty. 

B.   H.  STANLEY,  BEEVILLE,  TEXAS. 
l-5tf 


kA4.>»»»»»4  ♦♦♦♦♦  ♦  »  »  ♦.v^^^^  4^  . 


y^4.  .   .M-ff 


AHEAD  OF  SHOOK-SWARMINI 


The  March  Ri-view  is  now  iu  process  of  pre- 
paration, and  will  be  out  about  ihe  middle  of 
themontli.  One  article  in  this  i^sue  will  lae 
by  H.  <T  Sibbnld  of  Canada,  and  he  will  des- 
cribe a  new  system  of  management  that  prom- 
ises to  be  away  ahead  of  shoou-swarming. 
It  has  these  advantages:  No  shaking  of  the 
bees;  no  handling  of  the  brood;  no  possibility 
of  the  <iueen  being  in  the  wrong  liive;  no  dan- 
ger of  after-svarming;  no  increase  unless 
desired  (  but  easy  to  secure  if  wanted  );  no 
queen  cells  to  hunt  up  ai.d  destroy;  yet  the 
whole  force  of  bees  may  be  kept  together  the 
whole  season,  and  each  colony  may  be  re- 
queened  with  a  queen  from  a  naturally  built 
cell. 


This  is  only  a  single  iirticle  in  one  issui 
the  Revu-'tL'.  but  it  is  a  fair  sample  of  what 
ate  losing  if  you  don't  re^d  the  h'eview.  ani 
what  you  wiil  gain  if  you  read  it.  Send  J 
for  the  Review  for  905;  or  if  you  prefer, 
can  send  ten  cents,  ind  when  the  March  is 
is  out  it  will  be  sent  to  you,  and  the 
cents  may  apply  on  any  subscription  sen 
auring  the  year 


W.  Z.  Hutchinson, 

Flint,  Mic 


l?^ 


m 


<w, 


-iii^ 


^^JT  was  just  a  plain  old  farm  house, 
II      But  tlie  dear  old  place  I  knew 
II   SeeuLs  a  palace  now,  for  distance 
Lends  enchantment  to  the  view, 
And  toaiight,  through  rosy  gla-sses. 
Once  again  the  scene  I  .see, 
Of  those  careless  days  of  boyhood. 
Ah!  so  dear,  so  dear  to^  me. 
I  can  hear  the  low.  soft  murmur 
Of  the  gentle  summer  breeze. 
Just  outside  my  attic  window, 
'Mid  the  branches  of  the  trees. 
And,  In  fancy  I  imagine. 
Once  again  beneath  the  shade 
Of  those  trees.  I  am  playing. 
As  in  bygone  days  I  played. 
I  can  hear  the  reapers  -singing 
At  the  cradle  far  away 
In  the  wheat-tield,  and  the  laughter 
of  us  children  at  our  play. 
By  the  odor  of  the^se  lilacs. 
In  the  vase  beside  me  here. 
The  old  place  Is  silhouetted 
Right  before  me.  strong  and  clear; 
And  this  sprig  of  honeysuckle. 
With  its  old-time,  sweet  perfume. 
Brings  a  hundred  scenes  and  faces 
Close  beside  me  in  the  room. 
Dreams.    The  noi.ses  of  the  city 
Faintly  fall  upon  my  ear. 
And  the  sound  dispels  the  vision 
Of  the  old  farm-life  so  dear. 
Ah!  the  old  farm.     It  was  humble, 
But  each  blade  of  gi-ass  poswsessed  of 
Charms  for  mp  that  helped  to  make  it 
Of  all  spots  on  earth  the  best. 

— Grand    Rapids    Herald. 


108 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  Jui 

SIXTY  YEARS  AMONG  THE  BEES. 


By  W.  ;.  DAVIS,  Jst. 


FOURTH     LETTER— Continued    from     Page    89,   May  Number. 


THE  HIVE  from  which  the  swarm 
has  issued  is  placed  anywhere 
in  the  bee-yard  that  suits  the 
pleasure  of  the  bee  master.  By  re- 
moving the  old  stock,  most  of  the  field 
workers  will  be  drawn  off  and  join 
the  swarm,  and  there  will  be  less 
liability  of  after  swarms.  We  are 
working  for  comb  honey  and  perhaps 
do  not  desire  increase  of  stocks.  In 
such  cases,  in  a  day  or  two,  take  combs 
from  old  stock;  shake  the  bees  in  front 
of  the  young  swarm;  and  give  combs 
and  brood  to  such  as  may  need  a 
little  help  to  become  box  workers; 
first,  however,  removing  all  queen  cells 
that  may  have  been  started. 

In  regard  to  two  or  more 
swarms  uniting  on  the  wing,  I 
wish  to  say  that  no  matter  how 
many  swarms  unite,  there  will  be 
no  quarrel  between  queens  and 
bees,  if  the  ,swarms  uniting  are  all 
led  by  laying  queens,  or  all  led  by 
virgin  queens.  But  if  one  swarm  hav- 
ing a  fertile  queen,  and  another  with  a 
virgin  queen  unite,  there  will  be 
trouble,  for  the  bees  with  the  laying 
queen  will  ball  the  virgin  queen  every 
time  and  the  bees  with  the  vir-gin 
queen  will  ball  the  fertile  queen,  and 
you  will  have  confusion  enough.  An 
Ohio  bee-keeper  last  summer  wrote  to 
(one  of  our  bee  periodicals  saying,  that 
his  bees  were  swarming  and  he  had  a 
great  deal  of  trouble  with  the  bees 
balling  their  queens  and  they  would 
not  stay  hived,  etc.  I  do  not  at- 
tempt to  quote  his  exact  words  but 
give  the  substance  of  them.  But 
I  noticed  the  editor  gave  no  reason  for 
such  actions  on  the  part  of  the  bees, 
and  no  remedy  for  the  evil.  To  dis- 
tinguish between  a  first  and  an  after 
swarm,  we  will  call  a  swarm  that  is- 
sues with  a  fertile  or  laying  queen  in  a 
normal  condition,  and  one  with  a  vir- 
gin queen  in  an  abnormal  condition. 
With  the  first  there  are  no  contingen- 
cies. When  hived,  they  work  and  pros- 
per; with  the  second  they  may  com- 
mence work  but  a  later  examination 
may  reveal  a  few  discouraged  bees  and 


possibly  some  drone  brood.  A  lay 
queen  will  walk  into  her  new  ho 
with  dignity  and  would  scorn  the  ii 
of  going  out  alone,  but  a  virgin  qui 
will  often  come  out  and  fly  around  j. 
see  what  she  can  see  and  like  man; 
lass  talves  chances  that  older  o: 
would  not  risk;  for  sometimes  she  fj 
to  find  her  sisters,  or  enters  pla 
she  ouglit  not,  or  she  may  be  cau; 
by  some  varmint. 

Again,  in  changing  combs  with 
hering    bees     to    build    up     colon 
always  deal  with  those  colonies  in  . 
same  condition  as  to  their  queens, 
the  adult  bees  are  all  removed  fi 
a  comb  of  brood,  it  can  be  placed  i 
any  colony  without  risk  of  queens 

I  believe  that  many  stocks 
nuclei  that  are  found  queenless 
made  so  by  the  bees  killing  their  (  i 
queen,  on  her  return  from  her  v  ■ 
ding  trip.  She  goes  out  a  rollicl 
virgin  and  returns  not  the  same 
yet  she  is  the  same  bee.  She  has  t  a 
roaming  in  realms  of  ether.  She  e 
been  abroad  and  she  puts  on  airs,  o 
wonder  her  sisters  don't  know  h€ 

THE  NUPTIAL  FLIGHT. 

Mr.  Maeterlinck  describes  the  ^  !• 
ding  flight  of  the  queen  in  such  p<  c 
language  that  I  will  be  excused 
quoting:  "She  starts  her  flight  b| 
wards;  returns  two  or  three  time! 
the  alighting  board;  and  then  haJ 
definitely  fixed  in  her  mind  the  e:[ 
situation  and  aspect  of  the  kingij 
she  has  never  yet  seen  from  witbl 
she  departs  like  an  aii-ow  to  the  zel 
of  the  blue,  she  soars  to  a  brigbj 
luminous  zone,  that  other  bees  atl 
at  no  period  of  their  lives.  Far  a'*! 
the  males  have  beheld  the  appariij 
have  breathed  the  magnetic  perfl 
that  spreads  from  group  to  groupJ 
every  apiary  near  Is  instinct  witl| 
Immediately  crowds  follow  her 
the  sea  of  gladness,  whose  liil 
boundaries  ever  recede.  She,  obe;[ 
the  magnificent  law  of  the  race,  ctl 
es  her  lover  and  enacts  that  the  strl 


^05.  THE   AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  109 

St  alone   shall    attain   to   her   in   the         THE  CLIMATE  AND  HONEY. 

)litude  of  the  ether.  She  rises  still  and  • 

)r  the  first  time  in  her  life  the  blue  By  J.  B.  Hall 

lorning  air  rushes  into  her  stigmata, 

nging  its  song  in  the  myriad  tubes  of  "pDITOR  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEP- 
le  tracheal  sacs,  nourished  on  space  u^  ER:  As  you  know,  I  am  not  a 
lat  iill  the  center  of  her  body.     She  writer  for  publication,  but  upon 

ses  still.  A  region  must  be  found  un-  I'eading  in  your  journal  foir  March, 
lunted  by  birds  that  else  might  pro-  P^se  58,  the  editorial,  "Climate  axid 
me  the  mystery.  She  rises  still  Honey,"  I  am  so  amused  at  what  Mr, 
Id  already  the  ill  assorted  J-  A,  Green  says  about  basswood 
OOP  below  are  dwindling  and  honey  that  I  cannot  forebear  stating 
lling  asunder.  The  feeble,  unwel-  ^  f^w  facts  that  will  perhaps  enlighten 
me,  ill  fed,  which  have  flown  from  ^is  mind  in  this  matter, 
ipoverished  cities.  These  renounce  ^s  a  honey  producer  I  was  not 
e  pursuit  and  disappear  in  the  void,  aware  that  this  part  of  North  America 
aJy  a  small  indefatigable  cluster  re-  Produced  a  superior  quality  of  honey 
ain  suspended  in  infinite  opal.  She  "J^til  long  ago,  when  the  American 
mmons  her  wings  for  one  final  effort,  Bee-Keepers'  Association  held  its  an- 
id  now  the  chosen  of  incomprehen-  ""al  meeting  at  Toronto,  Ontario,  dur- 
Dle  forces  has  reached  her;  has  seized  i^»  the  time  of  the  great  annual  show, 
■r  and  bounding  aloft  with  united  ^^^'  of  course,  visited  the  exhibition, 
ipetus  the  ascending  spirial  of  their  "^^i^  fii'st  man  to  call  on  us  was  our 
tertwined  flight  whirls  for  one  sec-  fi'iend,  Dr.  Miller.  I  did  '.'not  know" 
d  in  the  hostile  madness  of  love."  ^li™-  His  question  was,  "How  do  you 
My  private  opinion  is  that  the  great  S'et  it  soi  nice?"  I  asked  him  if  he 
•ench  author  has  sent  his  queen  far  ^^'^s  from  south  of  the  line,  and  he 
>  high.  Like  many  a  religious  the-  «aid  that  he  was.  I  had  to  inform  him 
st  fixed  the  abodes  of  the  finally  that  nearly  all  good  things,  from  men 
jssed  beyond  the  stars,  or  as  one  down,  were  produced  far  north;  at 
mnologist     puts     it,     "beyond     the  this,  he  laughed. 

unds     of    time     and  space."       The       Our     next     visitor    was    our    good 
t     of     queen     and     drone     mating,   friend,  A.  I.  Root,  of  Medina.    He  stat- 
is      claimed,      has      never      been  ^d   in   his  journal,   Gleanings,   that  it 
tnessed    by    man.      The    truth    of  ^'^s  the  best  honey  that  at  had  ever 
^     claim     I     can     neither     affirm   been  his  good  foa-tune  to  behold,  and 
deny.     I  can  say  however,   that  I   that  he  was  not  prepared  to  see  Old 
ve  never   witnessed   it.    although    I   Mother  Earth  make  such  an  array  of 
ve  had  many  thousands  of  queens  boney  of  such  a  choice  quality, 
•tilized;    but  have  many  times  seen       -^t    the    great   fair   at   Chicago,    the 
eens  returning   to  their  hives   with   Hon.  Mr.  Secor,  the  judge,  gave  to  On- 
mistakable  evidence  of  fertilization,   tario    twenty-five,    out    of    a    total    of 
out  2.3  years  ago,  while  in  my  gar-   twenty-seven   awards.        This  number 
1,  10  or  12  rods  from  my  bee  yard,   '^^'as  later  cut  down,  however,  by  the 
attention  was  arrested  by  the  noise  coimniittee     to     twenty-three — for     we 
wings  and  on  looking  up  discovered  "North"    fellows.      Later,    at    Buffalo, 
ustling  mass  of  bees,  not  more  than  Ontario  was  awarded  the  gold  medal 
'^ard  in  diameter  and  probably  one  <^"  basswood  honey. 
idred  feet  high,  moving  rapidly  in       ^^e  Canadians  do  not  claim  superi- 
S8,  but  slowly,     laterally,  and     de-  ority;   but  allow   your  own  people   to 
nding  as  they  moved.     I  could  see  Pronounce  the  verdict  as  to  quality, 
m  veiy  well     until     theii-     descent   Woodstock,   Ontario,  April  4,  1905, 
ught    them    between    me  and    the       ^^   editorial,   page   104,   May   issue, 
fy  trees  on  the  hills  south  of  my   bad  reference  to  the  foregoing  article, 
*ary.     I  took  it  to  be  a  quantity  of  which  was  by  an  oversight  left  out  of 

flues  and  a  queen.      But  this  I  give   that  number. — Ed. 

0  V  as  a  guess.  — 

(Continued.)  How   can   he   abide  long  in   peace, 

,.    ,  ": who   thrusteth  himself  into  the  cares' 

nat  man   is  worthless  who  knows  of     others,     who     seeketh     occasions 

"    to  receive  a  favor,  but  not  to  re-  abroad,   who   little  or   seldom   cometh 

111  one.— Plautus.  to  himself  ?— Thomas  a  Kempis, 


I 


110  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  .Tin 

PACKING  COMB  HONEY  FOR  SHIPMENT  IN  CAR  LOTS. 


BY   HARRY   E.   HILL. 


SOME  TIME  ago  Mr.  Leo  F.  Haue- 
gaii,  ]Manager  of  the  St.  Croix 
Valley  Honey  Producers'  As- 
sociation, of  GleuAvood,  Wis.,  sent  me 
a  splendid  pliotograpli  showing  a  side- 
traelved  car  \vliich  his  Assot-iation  was 
loiading  with  comh  honey.  Some  cor- 
respondence in  regard  to  their 
methods  resulted,  and  con-siderable  in- 
teresting information  was  secured,  and 
as  neither  Mr.  Hanegan  nor  myself 
had  observed  anything  particularly 
noteworthy  along  this  line  in  any  of 
the  .iournal-s,  I  obtained  his  permission 
to  publish  tlie  gist  of  the  thing  in  The 
Bee-Keeper. 

At  the  left  in  the    photograph     Mr. 
Hanegan  is  seen,  while  Mr.  H.  Jacobs 


if  a  less  quantity,  tiens  are  not  ma 
so  high,  as  they  should  be  so  loaded 
to  meet  at  the  middle  of  the  car. 

li  should     be  noted    also    that    1 
cases  pitch  ^slightly  toward  the  midd 
aud    tlljat    they    "break    joints,"    tl 
adding  to  the  soliditj'  of  the  aggrc 
ed  weight. 

Unless  buyer  specifies  other  me 
.Old  of  loading,  this  pla'n  is  always  ] 
lowed,  and  ui^on  each  end  and  ej 
door  of  car  a  caution  card — "Han 
AVith  Care,"  is  tacked.  That  is,  ca 
are  loaded  from  each  end,  and 
meeting  space  solidly  packed  with  ( 
straw,  which  packing  comes  'v 
above  the  tiers  of  causes. 

Over  the  .joints  of  tiers,  in  the  drs, 


MANNER  OF  LOADING  COMB  HONEY. 


stands  at  the  right.  Mr.  Jacobs,  Man- 
ager Hanegan  says,  is  the  man  to 
whom  he  is  indebted  for  mo,st  of  his 
knowledge  in  regard  to  packing  car 
lots  of  comb  honey. 

In  the  first  place  a  clean,  dry 
refi-igerator  car  is  ordered,  though,  of 
course,  no  ice  is  used,  but  a  clean,  dry 
car  is  important. 

The  accomiianying  drawing  will  il- 
lu-strate  ilie  manner  of  loading.  About 
1.200  24-section  cases  make  a  good 
load.  The  car  in  the  picture  contained 
1,100  such  cases,  and  represented  a 
cash  value  of  about  .$2.;)0(I.OO,  F.  O.  B. 
at  loading  point. 

Alxmt  three  inches  of  straw  upon 
the  floor  is  used.  At  ends,  I't  inches. 
Between  tiers,  about  six  inches  of 
straw  is  snugly  packed,  with  only 
enough  at -sides  to  make  shipping  cases 
fit  snug  and  tight.  The  straw  should 
be  clean,  and  oat-straw  is  prefeiTed. 

Where  a  full  carload  is  to  be  shii)- 
ped,  the  cases  are  packed  ten  high;  liut 


ing,  may  be  -seen  the  ends  of  s 
cleats  or  beams,  crosswise  of  tin' 
which  serve  to  hold  down  the  r, 
These,  however,  are  used  only  omm 
joints  of  the  three  end  row,s,  lln 
our  artist  has  tried  to  make  ili 
doubly  safe  by  using  them  throiiu 
the  length  of  the  car. 

:Mr.    Hanegan    further   advises 
before  loading  a  car  with  comli  In 
one  should     be  sure     that    it  h:is 
"Hat  Avheels,"    as,   "a    flat   wheel 
make  mush  of  a  load  of  comli  In 
in  short  order." 

Mv.     Hanegan     invitC'S     suggest 
and    a    discussion    of    this    impure 
matter. 

Fort  Pierce,  Fla.,  May  20,  1905. 


The  greatest  tirmnevss  is   the  gi| 
est  mercy. — Longfellow. 


There  is  no  greater  delight  tha 
be  conscious  of  sincerity  on  sel:| 
.•nuinalion. — Mencins. 


112 


T  ;'  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Juni 


TO  TEST  NECTAR,  AND  POLLEN- 
YIELDING  PLANTS. 


Scientific  Investigations  to  Be  Conducted'by  the  Na- 
tional Department  of  Agriculture,  in  California- 
Special  Agent  in  Apiculture.  John  M.  Rankin,  off 
to  His  New  Field  of  Labor. 


By  Prof.   Frank  Benton,  in  Charge  of  Apicul- 
ture,   U.    S.    Dept.    of   Agriculture. 

TO  THE  EDITOR  of  the  American 
Bee-Keeper: 

In  the  autumn  of  1903  while 
traveling  in  California,  I  learned,  that 
agents  of  the  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture were  locating  an  experimental 
garden  for  plant  introductioin  in  the 
Sacremento  valley.  The  thought  occur- 
red, to  me  at  once  that  it  woaild  be  a 
splendid  thing  to  undertake  observa- 
tions a-s  to  the  honey-producing  capaci- 
ties of  all  the  new  plant  introductions 
which  are  being  made  there  extensive- 
ly by  this  Department.  Upon  my  re- 
turn to  Washingtoni,  I  immediately 
consulted  with  Dr.  Gallo-way,  Chief  of 
the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  and  also 
with  Dr.  L.  O.  Howard,  Chief  of  the 
Division  of  Entomology  which  has 
since  been  developed  into  a  Bureau. 
Both  of  these  gentlemen  were  very 
favorably  disposed  toward  the  scheme. 
The  time  for  the  execution  of  it  has 
now  ari'ived  and  at  my  suggestion  one 
of  my  assistants,  Mr.  J.  M.  Rankin, 
has  been  commissioned  to  proceed  to 
Chico,  California,  to  conduct  these  ob- 
servations as  well  as  carry  on  "some  ex- 
periments under  the  direction  and  in- 
structions given  him  from  this  office 
by  myself.  A  small  apiary  will  be  es- 
tablished at  once  at  the  Plant  Intro- 
duction Garden.  Various  races  of  bees 
now  in  this  country  will  be  represented 
in  this  apiary,  and  \ery  possibly  other 
types.  Avhich  it  is  hoped  may  be  ob- 
tained in  the  near  future,  will  be  test- 
ed under  conti-ol  there.  At  the  outset, 
the  main  purpose,  however,  will  be  to 
make  observations  as  to  the  honey  and 
pollen  yielding  capabilities  of  all 
plants,  which  may  come  under  the 
notice  of  the  apiarist,  in  order  to  de- 
termine, in  so  far  as  possible,  their 
availability  in  filling  gaps  in  the  honey 
and  pollen  yields  in  other  portions  of 
the  country.  New  introductions  made 
by  ourselves  will  also  be  tested  in  this 
way.  Some  general  field  work  in  con- 
nection with  bee  diseases  will  be  un- 
dertaken, and  later,  should  laboratory 


facilities  be  established,  a  mo) 
thorough  investigation  of  bee-paralyg 
and  other  contagious  diseases  enter» 
upon. 

There  is  a  wide  field  for  valuali 
work  in  this  connection.  The  climi 
and  resources  of  the  great  West,  s 
particularly  the  semi-arid  regions 
the  country,  requiring  very  diffe 
treatment  from  the  other  portions, 
is  therefore  deemed  advisable  to  git 
this  special  attention  to  thiose  poiilo 
of  the  country.  And  I  earnestly  i 
quest  the  hearty  co-operation  of 
bee-keepers,  who  may  be  situated  so 
to  render  an  assistance  in  the  condi 
of  this  work,  either  through  infora 
tion,  the  sending  of  specimens,  or  mi 
ing  such  tests  as  we  may  find  it  ! 
visable  to  require. 

Washington,  D.  C,  May  15,  1905. 


PROGRESSIVENESS. 


Not  a  Distinguishing  Feature  of  Modern  Apiarld 


By  Arthur  C.  Miller. 


OF  ALL  BRANCHES  of  rural 
probably  none  is  less  advan 
than  that  of  beekeeping.  T 
statement  may  sound  rash  and  unv 
ranted,  yet  I  believe  I  can  show  1 
be  true  by  simply  stating  a  few 
the  happenings  and  practices  in 
culture  to-day. 

Bees  swarm,  but  why?    We  ha^s 
score  of  theories  but  nothing  defii 
Bees  raise  queens  under  several 
ditions  but  what  are  the  real  stim 
If  we  only  knew,  then  queen  rea 
at  the  ownei*'s  option  would  be  sin 
Queens  lay  drone  eggs  at  sundry  tii  J, 
why?    Bees  elect  to  rear  drones  at  le 
time  and  not  at  another,  why?    1  ifl 
winter  well  or  ill,  because  why?     8, 
there  are  a  hundred  speculations  it 
show  me  a  scientifically  accurate  sl  e- 
ment  in  regard  to  any  part  of  it.    ' 
knows  or  has  ever  taken  the  pain 
learn    the   food    value    in    heat-gij] 
power  of  the  stores  of  the  colon] 
WhiOi     knows      definitely      the     i 
economical  size  of  colonies  for  wli 
ing?     Who  can  tell  why  bees  wll 
fuse   one   queen   and  accept  anot 
What  causes  the  bees  to  build  d 
comb  in  one  place  and  worker  in 
other?    What  is  there  about  the  b 
food   that  changes   worker  larva 
queen?       Why   does  one   colony 


le 


iJiji 


10.. 


THE   AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


113 


liilo  another  seemingly  under  exactly 
le  same  conditions  bustles?  Do 
■ones  find  the  queens  by  sight,  by 
nell  or  by  hearing?  One  colony 
ailds  smoolii,  even  combs  while  the 
'\t  wrinkles  tliem  and  covers  them 
itli  buiT-combs.  Why?  The  next 
asou  it  i^  turn-about,  and  why?  One 
ildijy  enters  supers  readily,  the  next 
ill  not  be  either  coaxed  or" driven  in, 
id  who  can  tell  why? 
These  are  a  few  of  the  things  we 
aut  correct  answers  to,  and  up  to 
te  I  know  of  almost  no  effort  to  oB- 
in  careful,  accurate  data  on  which  to 
n-k.  Sift    all    answers   and   they 

;iiOunt  to  naught  but  general  state- 
rmts  of  things,  nothing  exact.  To  be 
<re  it  is  most  exceedingly  difficult 
1  learn  the  exact  tiniths  in  these  mat- 
Ts,  and  yet  it  is  just  such  difficulties 
Mich  must  be  surmounted  if  bee- 
1  aping  is  ever  to  rise  to  a  science. 
See  what  strides  horticulture  and 
jriculture  have  taken  in  the  last  few 
jiirs.  Look  at  the  results  of  plant 
l!eding,  of  the  analyses  of  soils,  of 
t'  action  oif  sundry  fertilizers,  bac- 
tia,  etc.,  etc.  Then  look  at  our  own 
i'  ustry  and  wliat  can  we  show  be- 
j  id  a  few  improvements  in  the  tool-s 
\  use?  Aside  from  a  very  few  items 
rarding  diseases  and  two  or  three 
t?  of  light  on  habits  we  can  show 
nhing.  And  yet  we  veterans  pat  each 
oer  on  the  back;  crow  about  how 
nch  we  know;  tell  the  beginners  ex- 
a[ly  how  to  run  their  bees,  and  then 
gout  into  our  own  yards  and  find  out 
bs  refusing  to  do  as  we  had  suppos- 
ei  they  always  did.  We  are  a  wise 
b  ich,  we  veterans.  Our  rules  are  very 
ttjh  like  old  professor's  rules  on  the 
Gman  verb,  which  he  had  worked 
d'.n  into  one  small  book,  while  the 
e:eptions  to  the  rule  filled  a  score  of 
la;e  volumes. 

Ve  self-appointed  instructors  of  the 
im'titude  have  roosted  so  high  and 
ci'.ved  so  loud  that  we  have  actually 
ccvinced  ourselves  that  we  are  in- 
faible.  Haven't  we?  Just  look  at 
Wit  we  have  said  and  the  way  we 
sa  it.  Only  one  among  us  has  been 
m''.est — the  modesty  of  real  knowl- 
ec3 — and  his  "I  don't  know"  will 
U>  down  the  ages  long  after  the  rest 
'JfLs  are  forgotten. 

t  not  the  foregoing  deter  the  be- 
r  from  continuing  with  bee-keep- 
!  or  he  can  have  the  fun  of  blun- 
-  and  stumbling  most  as  much  as 


we  have,  and  if  he  knows  that  we  are 
only  guessing  Avhen  we  say  we  know, 
he  may  set  to  work  to  find  out  the 
truth  and  his  hand  may  be  the  one  ta 
raise  apiculture  to^  a  science. 
Providence,  R.  I.,  March  1,  1905. 


HOAV  TO  SUCCESSFULLY  RUN 
AN  OUT-APIARY  FOR  COMB 
HONEY. 

By  A.  A.   French. 


Enad  before  the  .lefferson    County   (N.   Y.) 
Bee-keepers  Ashociation,  January  17,  1905. 

WE  TAKE  it  for  granted  that  we 
have  bees  and  supplies  for  an 
out-apiary.         Then    the    first 
thing  to  be  considered  is  its  location. 
I  will  talk    from    experience  and    not 
theory. 

First.  Have  it  as  near  home  as  pos- 
sible and  not  interfere  with  the  home 
yard. 

Second.  Give  it  the  best  pasture  you 
can. 

Third.  Protect  it  from  heavy  winds, 
especially  from  the  north  and  west. 

I  do  not  know  as  I  could  do  any  bet- 
ter than  toi  describe  my  present  out- 
apiary,  which  is  run  exclusively  for 
comb  honey.  It  is  located  three  miles 
from  my  home  yard,  at  almost  the  top 
of  the  Champion  hills;  on  the  side  that 
slopes  north,  on  an  incline  of  about  200 
feet  to  each  half  mile.  It  is  pi-otected 
on  the  west  and  north  by  a  thick  hedge 
of  plum  and  choke-cherry  trees;  on  the 
east  and  south  by  an  orchard  of  ap- 
ple trees.  On  the  south  side  of  the 
yard  is  the  honey  house,  facing  north, 
overlooking  the  bee  yard.  At  the  east 
side  is  a  honey  cabinet  for  the  filled 
surplus  supers. 

The  hivesi  are  placed  in  groups  of 
twelve,  with  two  hives  on  each  stand 
arranged  in  a  semi-circle;  six  on  each 
side  facing  each  other.  The  groups  of 
hives  are  in  rows  each  way,  giving  an 
alley  12  feet  wide  with  the  rear  of  the 
hives  on  either  side. 

The  honey  house  rests  on  wooden 
blocks,  so  that  it  can  be  moved  when 
a  new  location  is  desired.  Just  inside 
of  the  door,  in  easy  reach,  is  a  four- 
inch  Bingham  smoker,  two  whisk 
brooms,  honey  knife,  hive  opener,  a 
propolis  scraper,  Alley  drone  traps, 
queen  cages,  bee  veils,  screwdriver  and 
an  extension  hiver.  Inside  is  a  work- 
bench with  a  fair  supply  of  tools.    The 


I 


114 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Jul 


bees  are  taken  out  of  the  cellar  al)Out 
ten  days  after  we  think  it  is  time  to 
take  them  out.  With  clean  bottom- 
boards  and  closed  entrances,  .so  that 
about  two  bees  can  i)ass  out  at  a 
time,  they  are  corked  uj)  a^^  warm  and 
snu.u'  as  iiossible. 

I  do  not  do  as  much  bulldin.u  up  By 
feeding  in  the  spring  as  I  used  to.  It 
is  a  .slippery  piece  of  business  vrith 
an  out-apiary.  But  little  more  i»s  done 
until  fruit  l)loom. 

To  successfully  rim  an  out-apiary 
for  comb  honey,  you  must  cut  comers 
at  every  turn  and  make  as  few  trips 
a-s   possible. 


Or  where  the  brick  is  placed.       I  c 
step  out  in  the  yard  and  in  a  mom 
can   tell   thO'se  hives   that   need  at 
tion    to^-day,     to-morrow,    .oi"    the 
after,    without    going   over   the   ^ 
yard.     Each  colony  is  examined  a 
once  a  ^veek.  or  as  the  season  req 
Then  all  the  bricks  are  re-adjust 
to  the  colonies'  condition. 

At  the  time  of  removing  supers^ 
u,se  tlie  bee  escape  under  supers,  tb 
they  are  removed  to  the  honey  cabin 
Here  they  are  totally  freed  from  be 
then  they  are  taken  to  tlie  ho; 
a])iary  before  the  sections  are  remo'? 
from  the  supers. 


REINFORCED 

Supers  with  sections  witli  full  sheets 
of  foundation;  Hives  fille<l  witli 
frames  of  worker  cond)  or  foundation 
wired:  in  fact,  ever.vthing  that  can  be 
done,  must  be  done  in  the,  winter  at 
home,  .so  as  to'  be  read.v  for  the  harvest 
if  it  comes.  I  have  almost  all  natural 
swarming.  I  make  about  sixty  trij^s 
during  a  year. 

An  out-yard  of  12")  colonies.  s]iring 
count,  recniires  about  eighty'  days' 
labor  of  ten  hour-s  each.  With  an  aver- 
age season  that  includes  everything 
in  relation  tO;  it. 

The  condition  of  the  ooionies  is  re- 
corded by  a  half  l)rick  ou  each  hive. 
The  condition  is  known  b.y  the  lioica tion, 


WITH    BROOD. 

One  more  thing  that  must  not  be 
gotten  and  that  is  the  consideratioi 
compens»-ition  for  the  use  of  theprei 
es  tliat  are  used.  Whatever  the  < 
sideration  may  l)e,  let  it  be  a  ca-sh  ( 
e^ery  time.  Meet  the  laudlord  n 
than  half  way.  After  you  have  ] 
him  cash  in  full  for  all  indebtednj 
give  him  a  liberal  suppl.v  of  honey  J  ] 
the  free  favors  you  have  received f 

riie    ride    that    works    well    at 
home    yard    will    succeed    at    an 
apiarv.     Keep   as   close   tO'  nature 
possible.     The  form  of  a  cube  is 
for  a  brood  nest.     The  one  that  I  M 
for  comb  honey  is  12  by  13  and  l£ 
dies  deep. 


. 


! 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


115 


Sec  tliiit  all  drone  (-(Hiil)  is  i-enioved 
from  the  brood  chaiuher  and  worker 
tomb  is  put  in  its  place. 

Don't  stand  ten  minutes  for  a  little 
ee  to  net  out  of  the  way  for  fear  he 

ight  iict   hint.      Let   some  thin.t>s   re- 

jiin  a   secret  to  the  iminisitive  nciiih- 

)r. 

A  cloth  liijhtly  saturated  with  cai-- 
30lic  acid  or  iceroseue  will  hustle  ihe 
jees  out  of  the  snper..-^.  Bait  sections 
n  the  supers  are  a  little  gold  mine  to 
)ee-keepers. 

Have  the  honey  house  at  the  south 
;ide  of  the  yard  facing  north.  You 
an  see  the  liees  much  more  readily. 


shaken  swarm,  and  after  a  few  days 
more,  anotiicr.  When  buckwlu>at  time 
ai-rived  all  the  brood  had  hatched 
from  these  combs  and  the  young 
queen  was  laying.  The  hive  coutnlned. 
by  this  time  a  large  amount  of  young, 
\igoio-s  Ix'c;,  which,  when  comfined 
ti)  only  one  brood-chamber  iind  a  sec- 
tion <  use,  were  ready  to  begin  work 
at  once.  I  have  had  veiy  good  results 
by  ti-eating  i)arent  colonies  in  tliis 
way. 

Hive  .")o!)  had  been  shaken  early  and 
had  given  me  4S  sections  oif  nice  white 
honey.  'I'he  third  set  of  sections  were 
not    finished    when    tlie   clover   season 


NOT    GILT-EDGED,    BUT   TRIMMED    WITH    BUCKWHEAT. 


'A    GOOD    SCHEME." 


Profitable  Manipulation  of  Parent  Stocks. 


By   F.  Greiner. 

rHE     ACCOMPANYING     photo 
shoiws  a  part  of  my   apiary  at 
tlie  beginning  of  the  buclvwheat 
>ney   season. 

I  want  the  reader  to  especially  take 
'tice  of  hive  No.  7G.  It  contains  a 
lony  which  had  cast  a  swarm  in  the 
rly  ]»art  of  the  season  and  had  been 
i'ated  a  la  Heddon.  Afterwards  it  re- 
ived one  set  of  brood  combs  from  a 


closed.  It  was  left  on  the  hive  tO'  be 
finished  with  buckwheat.  This  is  not 
generally  recommended,  but  a-s  it  les- 
sens the  work  and  the  result  is  just  as 
satisfactory,  I  am  loth  to  expend  un- 
nei-es,sary  labcr  removing  partly  filled 
su])ers.  As  the  season  turned  out  the 
partly  filled  super  was  completed,  but 
not  very  much  more  work  was  done  in 
the  fourth  set  of  sections.  The  buck- 
wheat reason  wa*  too  near  a  failure 
with  us.  In  an  average  season  the 
four  supers  would  have  been  filled 
frcan  that  source. 

Naples,  New  York.,  Jan.  30.  1905. 


116 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


June 


LOSS     OF    QUEENS     IN     PARENT 
COLONY. 


By  G.  M.  DOODITTLE. 

FROM  the  many  letters  I  receive 
asking  wliy  so  naany  colonies 
which  have  cast  swarms  become 
weak  and  finally  die  before  the  season 
is  over;  and  from  the  many  calls  I 
have  to  see  what  ails  the  bees  during 
the  month  of  August,  I  have  fallen  to 
wondering  if  it  would  not  be  well  for 
soime  one  to  say  a  few  words  relative 
to  the  loss  of  queens  from  the  parent 
colony  after  it  has  cast  from  one  to 
three  swarms  during  the  early  honey 
flow. 

In  this  we  have  something  which 
is  very  often  overlooked  by  very  many 
bee-keepers,  and  the  colonies  are  al- 
lowed to  go  without  a  queen  till  lay- 
ing workers  appear,  or  the  colony 
dwindles  down  to  where  robber  bees 
take  away  all  the  honey  the  hive  con- 
tains, and  the  first  the  bee-keeper 
knows  he  finds  his  hive  empty  of  both 
bees  and  honey. 

That  we  may  better  understand 
these  things  it  is  well  to  know  that, 
as  a  rule,  the  time  from  the  is,suing 
of  the  first  or  prime  swarm  to  the 
time  the  first  young  queen  emerges 
from  her  cell,  is  seven  days.  Then,  if 
after-swarming  is  allowed,  it  will  be 
all  the  way  from  four  to  eight  days 
before  a  young  queen  becomes  es- 
tablished in  the  hive,  over  her  rivals, 
and  this  established  queen  may  be 
lonly  one  or  two  days  oid  when  thus 
established.  As  a  rule,  queens  which 
have  their  own  way  fly  out  to  meet 
the  drone  when  from  five  to  seven 
days  old,  so  it  may  be  five  to  six  days 
after  such  queen  is  established  be- 
fore she  mates.  Then  there  is  a 
period  of  from  two  to  three  days  after 
mating  before  she  begins  to  lay. 
Hence,  when  after-swarming  is  al- 
lowed it  will  often  be  twenty-four 
days  before  the  queen  commences  to 
lay,  and  it  is  \iseless  to  look  in  ^snch 
(after-  swarming)  hives  any  sooner 
than  this  for  eggs  in  the  cells.  Then 
If  you  look  when  the  qiieen  has  been 
laying  only  a  few  hours,  the  eggs 
will  be  so  few  and  far  between,  or 
scattered  about  among  so  many  of  the 
combs,  that  it  will  bother  the  novice 
to  find  them;  hence  I  always  consider 
it  good  policy  to  wait  from  twenty- 
six  to  twenty-eight     days,   at  which 


i 


time  young  larva  will  be  likely  to  a 
pear,   which,  together     with     e 
several     combs,  tells     you,   general!; 
upon  the     lifting  oif  the     first  cen 
comb  of  the  hive,  that  a  young  quej 
is  there  all  right. 

For  dim  eyes,  the  larva  Ai'ill 
the  story  at  first  glance,  for  the 
larva  in  any  colony  which  has  ra 
a  queen  will  be  so  liberally  fed  ^i^ifl 
chyle  that  this  milky  subst4nc 
"catches"  the  eye  at  once,  while  it  i 
often  hard  to  discern  eggs,  espedall; 
on  a  cloudy  day.  If  no  eggs  or  larv; 
are  fo^ind  on  the  twenty-eighth  da; 
from  the  time  any  colony  casts  It 
first  or  prime  swarm,  a  frame 
brood,  having  eggs  and  larva  in 
should  be  given  from  some  othe 
colony  having  a  laying  queen;  and  "W 
are  to  look  at  this  frame  again,  foirtj 
eight  hours  later,  to  see  if  queen-eel 
have  been  started  on  it.  If  so,  the 
the  colony  is  queenless  and  should  t 
given  a  laying  queen  at  once,  if  po 
sible;  or,  if  this  cannot  be,  then  tn 
lOr  three  frames  of  brood  should  \ 
given  them,  else  they  dwindle  ■ 
where  tliey  will  be  of  little  value  b 
fore  any  young  queen  will  emerj 
from  a  queen  they  may  raise  fro 
the  br^ood  given. 

If  no  cells  are  started,you  may  kao 
that  the  bees  have  something  whii 
they  are  tolerating  as  a  queen,  aj 
she  should  be  hunted  up  and  destroy' 
in  order  that  a  good  queen  can 
gotten   in  her  place. 

But  suppose  after-swarming  is  ii 
allowed;  then  we  have  seven  days 
the  time  the  first  young  queen  emerg 
from  her  cell,  seven  days  to  the  tir 
she  flies  to  meet  the  drone  and  thr 
days  to  the   time   she  begins   to  Is 
thus     making     seventeen     days     t 
shortest  time   any     young   queen 
likely  to  be     found  laying,     from  t 
time  the  prime  swarm  issues,     'fli 
I  would  wait  three  or  four  days  mo 
before  looking  for  brood,  so  that  eg 
and  larva  might  become  abundant 
the  combs,  soi  I  could  expect  to  asc<    JJ 
tain  what  I  wished  to  know  on  lifti: 
only  one  or  two  combs.     My  practi 
is  to  look  for  eggs  and  larva  on  t    ^ 
twenty-third  day  from  time  of  swar 
ing,  where  no  after-swarm  is  allowf 
or    on   the    twenty-eighth    day    wht 
such  swarming    is  allowed.      But, 
late  years,   it  is  a   i*are  thing  that 
look  into  any  hive,  for  after  we  kiu 
just  what  is  going  on  in  a  hive,  if  "" 


ai 


r 


k 


.1 


1905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


117 


11  look  at  the  entrance  and  iu  the 
Sections  we  can  tell  from  an  outside 
fiagnosis  very  closely  in  these  matters, 
(forever  afterward.  Thfe  knowledge 
!his  enabled  me  to  tell  at  a  glance  in 
tlese  matters,  by  passing  in  front  of 
the  hives  along  about  the  dates  named, 
whether  colonies  have  laying  ((uecns 
or  not. 

When  you  find  a  colony  that  does 
not  have  a  laying  queen  the  twenty- 
fifth  day  after  the  prime  swarm  is- 
sued, just  watch  the  bees  in  their 
lictiiCius  at  the  entrance,  and  compare 
,  cheir  actions  with  one  you  know  has  a 
jueen  which  has  been  laying  two  or 
:hree  days.  Then  look  at  the  work  or 
'non-work,"  going  on  in  the  sections 
if  the  two  hives;  and  if  you  are  a 
•areful  observer  you  will  ever  after- 
vard  be  prettj-  sure  regarding  this 
oatter  without  ever  opening  a  hive. 

Just  why  so  many  queens  should  be 
ost  from  these  old  colonies  having 
ast  a  swarm  or  swarms,  is  something 
could  never  account  for,  unless  the 
ueens  are  caught  by  king  birds, 
rhich  are  on  the  alert  at  this  time  of 
be  year,  more  than  at  lOfther  times,  on 
ccount  of  their  feeding  their  young  at 
bis  time.  Some  seasons,  and  in  some 
x-alities  the  loss  is  from  one-fourth 
5  one-half  in  the  apiary. 
Borodino,  N.  Y.  April  10,1905. 


onies  are  well  started  in  brood  rear- 
ing. 

If  such  colonies  that  are  nott 
streng'thened  do  not  perish  they  gen- 
erally make  breeding  places  for  moths. 
My  method  with  such  colonies  is  to 
shake  bees  from  the  frames  of 
strong  colonies,  that  have  been 
hatched  only  a  few  hours  piid 
run  them  in  at  the  entrance  of  the 
weak  colonies.  Care  must  be  taken 
not  to  remove  a  queen.  Cover  a  broad, 
shallow  dish  with  a  cloth  to  prevent 
injury  to  the  bees  when  shaking  them 
from  the  frames.  Use  a  little  smoke 
when  uniting.  Twice  over  six  or  eight 
colonies  Avith  a  week's  difference  in 
time,  taking  a  half  pint  of  bees  from 
each,  will  make  a  colony  strong  enough 
to  care  for  a  frame  of  brood.  The 
strongest  colony  should  have  no  bees 
taken  from  it  except,  the  frame  of 
brood. 

Waverly,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  24,  1904. 


JUILDING  UP  W^EAK  COLONIES. 


By  J.  H.  ANDRE. 

"XITRING    the    first    three    or    four 
J     years  I    kept  bees    I  lost   some 
colonies  that  were  weak  in  the 
pring. 

It  used  to  be  the  general  practice 
ath  the  most  of  bee-keepers  to  keep 
•eak  colonies  well  protected  from  cold 
nd  trust  to  luck  to  pull  them  through 
ntil  warm  weather,  when  they  were 
iven  brood  to  build  them  up.  This 
Ian  will  work  well  with  a  healthy 
3lony,  with  good  stores  and  having 
iree  quarts  or  more  of  bees.  It  pays 
est  in  some  seasons  to  allow  such 
)lonies  to  work  their  own  stren^Ti 
ad  get  all  the  white  honey  possible 
•om  strong  colonies  instead  of  using 
lem  to  strengthen  weak  colonies,  and 
ive  all  of  the  early  homey  a  few  days 
10  late  and  sealed  dark  from  sumac, 
5  often  is  the  case  in  this  locality.  I 
'fer  to  weak  colonies  with  a  quart  or 
v^o  of  bees  at  the  time  the  strong  col- 


The  Call  o'  the  Fields. 


Want  to  get  off  where  the  daisies  are 

growin' — 
Winds    wavin'     blossoms,     an'    sweet 

sti'eams  a-flowin'; 
Where  the  meadow-bells  ring,  an'  the 

cattle  are  loiwin' — 
Want  to  get  off  for  a  day! 

Want  to  get  off,  in  a  green  world  of 

clover — 
Bees   huntin' ,  honey,   an'   doves   flyln' 

over; 
Let  loose  my  soul,  with  the  joy  of  a 

rover — 
Want  to  get  off  for  a  day! 

Want  to  get  off  where  the  south  winds 

are  creepin' 
Over  the  brook    where  the    speckled 

trout's  leapin' — 
Away  with  the  so  win!    Away  with  the 
reepin' — 
Want  to  get  off  for  a  day! 

—-Atlanta  Constitution. 


"What  are  the  bees  doing?" 

"They   are   working   hard    to   make 

honey." 

"And  what  is  the  man  doing?" 
"He  is  loafing  around  till  the  honey 

is  made." 

"And  what  will  he  do  then?" 
"Bless  your  innocence — he'll  rob  tEe 

bees!"— Atlanta  Constitution. 


118 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER, 


June 


FRICTIOX    OF    THE    FACTIONS. 

Hook,    Hampshire,    England,    April 
18.  1905. 

American  Bee-Keeper: 

In  your  number  for  March  you  print 
a  .short  article  headed  "Factions  in  tlie 
Craft,"  which  1  hope  you  will  i)ardon 
my  saying-  gives  a  misleading  view  of 
the  position  of  affairs  over  here  with 
regard  to  foul  brood  legislation. 

The  bee-keeping  industi-y  both  in 
England  and  Ireland  is  a  minor  one, 
and  outside  a  very  small  number  of 
persons  there  is  no  practical  interest 
taken  in  It;  therefore  it  is  futile 
to  attempt  to  obtain  legislation  except 
through  the  aid  of  the  (Government  De- 
partments concerned  with  Agricultur- 
al Industries.  In  p]ngland  we  have 
the  Board  of  Agriculture  and  Fisheries 
with  Avhom  the  British  Bee-Keepers 
Asvsociation  are  working  in  thorough 
accord:  in  Ireland  there  is  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  and  Technical 
Instruction;  but.  unfortunately  the 
Irish  Bee-Keepers  Association,  a^s  evi- 
denced by  their  own  .iournal,  are  utter- 
ly at  variance  with  their  Department. 
Now  you  say,  "Ireland"  desires  cordial 
co-operation  (for  Ireland  please  reatl 
"Irish  Bee  Journal")  but  what  co- 
operation is  possible  between  onr  so- 
ciety whose  policy  is  to  work  in 
harmony  with  the  governing  bodies  in 
the  country,  and  the  Irish  society, 
split  up  as  it  is  by  internal  quarrels 
and  whose  policy  towaixls  their  depart- 
ment is  one  of  won-y.  bluster  and 
whine?  Each  society  has  ample  scope 
for  its  energies  in  its  own  country  and 
can.  without  detriment,  work  inde- 
pendently toward^s  the  same  end,  1.  e., 
pressing  upon  the  government  depart- 
ments concerned,  the  need  of  legisla- 
tion to  check  the  spread  of  foul  brood. 

The  "Bill"  put  forward  by  fhe 
Bee-Keepers'  As,sociation  contains  no 
word  to  exclude  Ii-eland,  and,  if  passed 
in  its  pi'esent  form,  would  give  the 
Irish  bee-keepers  the  same  provi-sions 


as  his  Scotch  or  English  brother  bee 
keeper. 

The  April  ninuber  of  the  Irish  Be^ 
Journal,    contains    the    report    of 
Irish    Bee-Keepers    Association,    fr 
which  it  appears  that  their  total 
ceipts  were  19  pounds,  13  shillings 
pence    and    expenditures    on    printi 
advertising      in      Irish      Bee-Jourijal 
stationery    and    postage    were    six 
liounds.  14  shillings  and  one  pence 
the   only    item   of   the   societies'   vlori 
mentioned  in  the  report  was  a  deputa^ 
tion  to  the  Government  Departmefit  ii 
Dublin.  ( 

Hoping    you    may    be    able    to  to« 
room  for  tliis  statement,  I  am. 
Yours  faithfully, 

Thos.  I.  Weston. 


We  "don't  know,"  and  doubt  if  D 
Miller  himself  could  do  any  better  ; 
answering    this    question.         Perhai 
the.y     had     been     working    on     "Lw 
weed,"  which  gnoiws  so  abundantly  i 
our  correspondent's  vicinity.     That 
to  sa.v,   bees   tJiat  were  in   good  coi 
dition   and  would  for,sake   good  hivi 
abundantly    supplietl   with   stores  at 
healthy  brood,  "must  be  crazy."    TI 
act  seems  about  as  freakish  as  son 
other  peculiarities  which  we  have  noF 
iced   in    Cyprian   cro-sses  in    Southeij' 
California.     If  the  strain  of  stock  can 


BEES'  MYSTERIOUS   ACTION. 

Etiwanda,  Cal.,  April  7,  190^ 
Editor  American   Bee-Keeper: 

Bee-men  in  this  vicinity  had  ver 
poor  luck  bringing  their  bees  throng 
this  spring.  One  man  reports  2 
w)lonies  left  out  of  20O.  Another,  r< 
ports  IG  left  out  of  38,  and  numeror 
other  reports  show  from  40  to  75  p( 
cent.  loss.  The  bees  would  leave  tt 
hives,  leaving  combs  full  of  brood  an 
and  honey  all  in  a  healthy  conditio 
aii]iarentl.v.  Some  were  caught  ar 
returned  but  only  could  be  made 
stay  by  using  an  entrance  guarn 
Cause  for  this  unknown  as  bees  ha^fil 
plenty  of  stores  and  were  in  goc 
hives.  Can  any  one  give  us  a  reasc 
why  they  decamped  and  hiow  to  pr 
vent  its  reoccurrence?  What  are  IC' 
seem  to  be  doing  fine  and  building  f 
fast.  We  had  considerable  cold,  rair 
weather  during  this  time.  Would  thii 
effect  the  bees  ^so  as  to  make  them  c 
this? 

O.  F.  M. 

iil 


1(, 
irif 


Iil 
(nil 


905. 


THE   AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


119 


icil  ,some  of  this  blood,  such  behavior 
lidukl  cause  no  surprise.  Their  do- 
liis  are  sometimes  inexplicable. — Edi- 


FROM  AN  AUSTRALIAN 
READER. 

Sidney,  Australia.  March  23.  1905. 
I'nlilishers  American  Bee-Keeper: 
I':nelosed    find    money    order,     -wi!!! 
Iiich  please  ci'edit  my  subscription  ac- 
miit  one  year. 

I  think  a  great  deal  of  your  paiier, 
id  am  always  waiting  for  it  when 
10  steamers  ari'ive  from  America.  I 
u  ,sorry  to  say  that  owing  to  bush 
I's  and  dry  weather  (no  rain  since 
inc  last)  the  honey  crop  in  my  lo- 
lity  has  been  practically  a  total  fail- 
•e,  and  will  be  so  for  a  couple  of 
■ars  to  come,  a-s  the  ground  has  been 
id  absolutely  bare  by  the  tremendous 
I'S  which  we  have  had  this  past  sum- 

■V. 

Wishing  you  and  the  American  Bee- 

■eper  all  the  best  of  luck,  I  remain 

Yours  faithfully, 

R.  Nash. 


Mr.  Sereno  F.  Payne,  the  chairman 
of  the  "Ways  and  Means  Committee, 
we  judge  is  the  man  to  wlmm  this  bill 
should  bo  presented,  however  this  i-s 
only  a  suggestion.  If  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  "National  Bee-Keep- 
er* Association"  knows  of  a  better 
way  to  bring  it  before  Congress,  it  is 
their  libert^^  to  do  so.  but  we  must  not 
delay  it,  as  we  have  but  a  limited 
time  before  the  next  session  of  Con- 
gress to  do  this  work  in. 

We  pre-sume  it  is  a  good  idea  to  dis- 
cuss this  question  at  the  next  Conven- 
tion of  the  "National  Bee-Keepers  As- 
isociation." 

Very  respectfully, 
Henry  Reddert,  Secy. 


FOR    TARIFF    REVISION. 

Cincinnati.  O..  April  14,  1905. 

itor  American  Bee-Keeper: 

I'he  recent  agitation  of  the  increase 
(  tariff  on  Cuban  ooimb  honey  is  quite 
(^  rited.  judging  Ijy  the  favorable  re- 
|es  thiis  Association  has  received. 
We  learn,  from  a  responsible  source, 
tilt  all  foreign  honey  is  taxed  by  this 
(veniment  twenty  cents  per  gallon, 
a  twelve  pounds  to  the  gallon,  no 
( tmction  made  as  to  coanb  honey,  but 
'  all  honey  coming  from  Cuba,  a  re- 

1'  i-s  allowed  of  20  per  cent  off  the 
ff  amount,  leaving  the  tariiT  rate 
'  nban  honey  sixteen  cents  per  gal- 
.■.  All  honey  producers  know  it  re- 
Qires  more  honey  to  produce  comb 
hiiey  tlian  it  does  to  produce  extraot- 
e  or  sti'ained  honey,  hence  comb 
liiey  i-s  rated  too  low. 

t  the  time  the  tariff  rate  on  honey 
\\>  fixed,  no  doubt  there  was  iit<:Ie 
cub  honey  if  any  on  the  market, 
h'ce  the  single  rate.  We  undenstand 
ttp  I'umored  that  a  revision  of  the 
taff  is  to  be  undertaken,  at  the  next 
8ti;ion  of  Congress.  If  so,  then  will  be 
tt  time  to  bring  a  proper  bill  regulat- 
■n  the  tarifE  as  to  each  kind  of  honey, 

'  b  and  extracted. 


^Ir.  Raudin  succeeded  in  feeding 
bees  with  white  sugar  in  blocks.  He 
selected  that  sawed  eighty  blocks  to 
the  pound  as  being  the  most  conven- 
ient size.  As  many  pieces  as  possi- 
ble were  pushed  down  between  the 
combs  and  the  others  spread  above, 
if  there  was  space  enough.  He  also 
reports  a  method  of  artificial  swarm- 
ing that  has  given  him  good  results. 
As  soon  as  there  is  five  combs  of 
brood  in  the  hives,  he  takes  one 
and  the  adhering  bees  out  of  each 
colony  and  makes  new  colonies  (or 
swarms)  by  giving  each  one  five  of 
the  combs.  Each  of  these  new  col- 
onies is  put  on  the  stand  of  one  of  the 
most  populous  of  the  apiary  and  be- 
side that  fed  with  blocks  of  sugar.  In 
his  locality,  the  swarms  thus  made 
build  early  enough  to  give  a  satisfac- 
tory surplus. — L'Apiculteur. 


Before  buying  new  supplies  get  the 
catalogues  of  the  various  manu- 
facturers, see  what  you  think  will 
suit  you  best — if  necessary  write  and 
ask  questions — and  when  you  have 
decided  then  buy  and  do  not  let  the 
matter  of  a  few  extra  miles  of  freight 
charges  stand  in  the  way.  Well  made 
goods  suited  to  your  needs  are  cheap- 
er than  less  desirable  goods  at  lower 
cost.  Better  send  across  the  conti- 
nent to  get  the  desired  tool  than  try 
to  put  up  with  something  you  do  not 
like  because  you  can  get  it  near 
home. 


The  mill  will  never  grind  with  the 
water  that  is  parsed. — ^McCuUum. 


)M)  M  tMt  M  t  t  I  t  t  t  t  It  M  M  t  t  M  MMMt  t  MtMMt  MMM 


I. 


THE 


Bee -Keeping  World 


staff  Contributors  :    F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ. 

Contributions  to  tliis  Department  *re  solicited  from  nil  quarters  of  the  earth. 


4^44HMMMMMM»tM»MMM  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 


GERMANY. 


BEHIND  THE  TIMES. 
Neumann  says  in  Leipz  Bztg.  that 
the  sti-aw-skep  holds  its  place  in  cer- 
tain localities  of  Germany  not  because 
it  is  S'Oi  cold  here  making  such  a 
warm  hive  necessary,  but  because  it 
is  best  suited  to  the  existing  con- 
ditions. He  does  not  pronounce  the 
straw  skep  an  out-of-date  hive  by  any 
means  and  asserts  that  among  the 
bee-keepers  who  exclusively  use  it  are 
men  of  wide  experience  and  of  repu- 
tation. 

SHE'S  A  DRONE  LAYER. 
I.  Frey  has  a  colony  of  bees  of  Sy- 
rian blood  which  is  at  no  time  of  the 
year  without  some  drones. 


a  little  too  high  for  him  and  that  1 
had  ordered  his  supply  fi-om  Franc 
The  lady  quickly  told  him  'very  we 
then,  I  will  order  my  supplies  fro 
France  also,"  and  left  him. — Leij 
Bztg. 


NONE  TOO  SOON. 

It  has  often  been  recommended  by 
the  old  bee  masters  to  induce  all 
colonies  in  early  spring,  when  tem- 
perature is  favorable  to  take  a  clensing 
flight:  if  necessary  spray  the  bees 
through  the  entrance  with  warmed 
■sugar  water  to  induce  them  to  fly. 
This  old  time  practice  is  now  con- 
demned in  Leipz.  Bztg.  and  other  bee 
journals. 


RULE  THAT  WORKS  TWO  WAYS. 

Honey  is  very  commionly  sold  in  the 
candied  state  by  German  bee-keepers, 
but  I.  Monhving  claims  to  have  ob- 
served that  his  honey  in  the  liquid, 
transparent  state  was  always  prefer- 
red. 

He  also  tells  of  a  lady  bee-keeper 
who  had  had  a  ^ood  city  customer,  a 
storekeeper.  She  visited  his  store  one 
time  and  selected  a  number  of  dif- 
ferent articles  for  purchase.  She  then 
made  inquiry  as  to  the  storekeeper's 
supply  of  honey  for  the  season.  The 
stoi'ekeeper  cooly  informed  her  that 
her  honey  at  one  mark  per  pound  was 


QUEENS  DIE  IN  THE  MAILS 
Freudenstein  says  in  his  paper  th 
last  ye^r  he  could  not  fill  all  orde' 
for  long-tongued  bees  because  t 
queens,  which  were  shipped  him  frc 
Jamaica  by  one  of  our  breeders  w( 
nearly  all  dead.  He  has  again  order 
a  quantity  of  queens  from  Ameri' 
but  he  also  intends  to  now  breed  th( 
bees  himself  and  is  preparing  for  it 


OBJECTS  TO  FLOUR. 
Wolt  condemns  the  feeding  of  flc 
in  spring  on  account  of  the  flour,  wt 
stored  in  the  cells,  becoming  hard 
stome.  In  this  condition  it  cannot 
used  by  the  bees,  besides  causing  th 
a  great  deal  of  unnecessary  hard  W( 
to  cut  it  out  of  the  combs.  Wue 
says,  in  Die  Biene:  The  reason  ma 
bee-keepers  neglect  to  do  the  rij 
thing  at  the  proper  time  is  becai 
their  hives  are  so  constructed  as 
make  an  overhauling  of  a  colony 
difficult. 


INVENTION  OF  THE  EXTRACTC 
The  inventor  of  the  extract 
Hruschka,  at  lone  time  took 
unsealed  piece  of  honeycomb  from  ( 
of  his  hives  and  gave  it  to  his  boy 
take  to  his  mother.  The  comb  v 
lying  on  a  plate,  and  this  in  a  bael; 
The  bees  were  flying  around  the  hoi 
pretty  strongly  and  to  keep  th 
away  the  boy  began  to  swing  or  wl 
the  basket  and  contents  around  h: 
self.  The  father  fearing  for  the  j 
cious  honey  grabbed  it  away  from 
boy.  Upon  examination  he  found  ti 
one  side  of  the  comb  was  empty  t 
the  honey  on  the  plate.  This  caui 
him  ta  study  on  the  principle  invol'' 


its 

le: 


905. 


THE   AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


ud  the  invention  of  the  extractor  was 
he  result— Sohleswig.  Hoist.  Bztg. 


BULGARIA. 


FAVORS  AMERICAN  HIVES. 

C.  Betz  of  Rustschuck,  is  an  interest- 
iig  writer,  occasionally  writing  for  the 
Iferman  bee  journals.  He  is  testing 
ifferent  hives  in  Bulgaria  and  is  quite 
ivorably  impressed  with  the  Ameri- 
in  style  of  hive.  He  is  setting  forth 
le  advantages  and  disadvantages  of 
le  American  and  German  supers  quite 
ubiased  in  Die  Biene.  The  accessi- 
ility  of  the  American  hives  from  the 
tp  only,  he  says,  facilitates  the  work. 
his  is  not  conceded  by  the  followers 
'  Dzierzon.  Betz  recommends  the 
merican  hives  for  mild  climate  with 
)od  honey  flows  and  says  in  cold  cU- 
ates  and  with  meagre  honey  flows 
ich  a  hive  would  mean  the  ruination 

apiculture. 


ITALY. 


NOBILITY   AND   BEES. 

An  association  of  beekeepers  for  the 

omotion    of  apiculture  has  been    or- 

nized    in  Italy    under    the  name    of 

^derazione  Apistica   Italiana.     Mem- 

rs  are  required  to  pay  an  admission 

ten  Lira   (nearly  $200.)     Countesse 

lolina  Ricciavdelli  is  vice-president, 

lis  lady  of  rank  is  actually  engaged 

bee-keeping,     having     about     100 

'lonles  of  bees  in  Dadant  hives.      In 

:02    her    honey     crop    amounted    to 

:!00  pounds.— Schl.  Hoist.  Bztg. 


HOLLAND. 

The  bee-keepers  of  Holland  are 
{eep,  says  Kvieger,  in  Schl.  Hoist. 
Itg.     Nothing  is  ever  heard  of  them. 


BELGIUM. 


UNITING  COLONIES. 
n  uniting  two  colonies   Mr.   Sharp 
■  vises    to    shake  the    bees  of    both 
I  ouies  in  front  of  a  new  hive.    There 

VI  be  no  fight. 


SUBDUING  BEES. 

ilr.  Interim  (whatever  his  real  name 
ty  be)  gives  an  article  on  chloro- 
fming  or  putting  bees  to  sleep, 
i^jiong  all  the  processes  advocated.  Be 
Pjfers  the  use  of  saltpeter.  This  con- 


121 

sists  hi  dissolving  saltpeter  in  water, 
soaking  some  cotton  rags  in  it  and 
letting  them  diy.  They  are  to  be  used 
in  the  smoker.  Where  box-hives  are 
used,  this  may  be  very  useful.  With 
frame  hives,  much  less,  still  cases 
might  arise  where  it  would  be  well  to 
use  the  process.  For  instance,  in  in- 
troducing queens  to  refractoiy  colo- 
nies, or  to  find  a  queen  that  could  not 
be  found  otherwise.  The  process  con- 
sists in  smoking  the  bees  until  they 
are  put  to  sleep  and  fall  from  the 
combs  either  on  the  bottom  of  the  hive 
or  in  box  placed  under  the  hive  for 
that  purpose. 


"TOO  THIN." 

A  correspondent  says  that  contrary 
to  the  opinion  generally  held  in 
Europe,  pear  blossoms  yield  a  consider- 
able amount  oif  nectar,  but  that  the 
nectar  is  so  thin  that  the  bees  do  not 
care  for  it  except  when  nothing  bet- 
ter is  available. 


AND    EACH   WITH    A   VIRGIN. 

Mr.  Salkin  reported  in  a  convention 
that  he  had  seen  two  swarms  come  out 
of  the  same  hive  within  dn  hour. 


A  HOMEMADE  HIVE  PAINT. 
A  first-class  paint  (?)  for  bee  hives, 
and  especially  hive  covers  is  made  by 
mixing  coal  tar  with  lime  in  equal 
parts.  "It  has  no  odor,  does  not  soften 
in  the  hot  sun,  makes  a  covering  hard, 
glossy,  and  water  proof.  Its  gi*ay  color 
prevents  the  excessive  heating  that 
always  occurs  with  a  very  dark  paint 
when  exposed  to  the  sun. 


PERFORATED  ZINC  IS  BETTER. 
The  editor  of  LeRucher  Beige,  ans- 
wering a  correspondent,  advises  plac- 
ing the  frames  of  the  super  (working 
for  extracted  honey)  crosswise  of 
those  of  the  brood  nest  to  prevent  to  a 
great  extent  the  queen  from  laying  in 

the  super.       

BOHEMIA. 


WARM  SHOWER  NEEDED. 
The  winter  has  been  a  hard  one. 
The  fall  of  snow  has  been  immense. 
Basiueck  says  in  March  number  of 
Deutsche  Imker  that  it  would  have  to 
rain  boiling  water  for  two  weeks  to 
take  the  snow  off  by  April.  Many  bees 
are  reported  to  suffer  severely  from 
dysentery. 


122 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


JUD 


THE 


American  Bee=Keeper 

FCBLISHED   MOXTHLY. 

THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MANFG.  CO. 

Proprietors. 


PUBLISHING  OFFICE, 
HOME  OFFICE.     -      ■ 


Fort  Pierce  Fla. 
Falconer,  N.  Y. 


HARRY  E.  HILL, 
ARTHUR  C.   MILLER, 


-     -     -     Editor 
Associate  Editor 


Terms. 

Fifty  cents  a  year  in  advance;  2  copies  85 
cents;  3  copies  $1.20;  all  to  be  sent  to  one 
postoffice. 

Postage  prepaid  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada;  10  cents  extra  to  all  countries  in  the 
postal  union,  and  20  cents  extra  to  all  otlu: 
countries. 

Advertising  Bates. 

Fifteen  cents  per  line,  9  words;  $2.00  per 
inch.  Five  per  cent,  discount  for  two  inser- 
tions; seven  per  cent,  for  three  insertions; 
twenty  per  cent,   for  twelve  insertions. 

Advertisements  must  be  received  on  or  be- 
fore the  15th  of  each  month  to  insure  inser- 
tion in  the  month  following. 

Matters  relating  in  any  way  to  business 
should   invariably   be   addressed   to 

THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER. 

Falconer,  N.  Y. 


Articles  for  publication  or  letters  exclusively 
for  the  editorial  department  may  be  addressed 
to  H.  E.  HILL, 

Fort  Pierce,  Fla. 

Subscribers  receiving  their  paper  in  blue 
wrapper  will  know  that  their  subscription  ex- 
pires with  this  number.  We  hope  that  yov 
will  not  delay  favoring  us  with  a  renewal. 

A  red  wrapper  on  your  paper  indicates  tb- 
you  owe  for  your  subscription.      Please  give    th 
matter  yo'ir  early  attention. 


BMtorial. 

A  resolution,  urjjins  on  Oo(n.2:ress  the 
necessity  of  pure  food  legrislation,  was 
passed  by  the  R.  I.  Le^slature  at  its 
recent  session. 


The  next  convention  of  the  National 
Ree-^Keeiter-s"  A.ss.oieiation  will  be  held 
at  ?5aii  Antonio.  Texas,  proliably  dur- 
ing the  latter  part  of  October  and  first 
of  November. 


Editor  Abbott,  of  the  Modern  Farm- 
er and  Busy  Bee,  says:  "Mi.ssouri 
honey  is  as  fine  as  can  be  produced 
anywhere  on  this  continent."  Our 
friends  Avho  have  a  more  northerly  la- 
titude "on  tliis  continent"  will  "have 
to  show"  Mr.  Al)bott. 


Says  tlie  Western  Bee  Jourm 
"California  will  go  on  record  this  ye 
as  having  harvested  one  of  tl 
heaviest  crops  of  hiomey  yet  produced 


Tlie  Rural  Bee-Keeper  has  advauw 
its  subcseription  price  from  50  cents 
.$1.00  a  year.  The  Rural  has  copi) 
every  new  feature  introduced  by  tJ 
American  Bee-Keeper  during  rec© 
years,  and  ought  to  be  worth  a  dollS 
It  is  a  bright  little  journal. 


The  Review  says,  "Experience  seer 
to  prove  that  it  is  a  diificult  matter 
profitably  publish  a  good  bee  jourr 
even  if  it  is  only  a  monthly,  for  le 
than  $1.00  a  year."  The  Revit 
might  have  added  that  The  Americ 
Bee-Keeper  is  a  living  example  of  t 
exception  to  the  mle. 


A  neatly  printed  label,  bearing  t 
name  and  address  of  tlie  user,  is 
article  for  wiiich  all  bee-keepers  ha 
need.  Tumblers  and  isections  of  hoD 
for  the  retail  trade,  are  made  xm 
attractive  by  the  iise  of  a  neat  lat 
Ihere  appears  to  have  been  «ome  d 
ficulty  in  the  past  about  preparing 
paste  that  would  readily  and  p 
manently  adhere  to  glass  surfao 
We  therefore  take  pleasure  in  lin 
ing  tlie  attention  of  oiir  readers  to  i 
advertisement  of  the  Fenton  La! 
Company,  in  this  issue  of  The  B 
Keeper,  as  we  have  used  many  tho' 
aiid-s  of  their  gummed  labels  and  fi 
them  excellent  in  eveiy  way. 


We  would  caution  all  inexperien< 
bee-keepei\s  who  are  planning  to 
periment  with  artificial  swarming, 
be  .sure  that  the  bees  before  fc 
ing,  are  given  an  opportunity  to 
their  honey  sacs  with  honey  or  e 
supply  the  new  colony  with  'a  co; 
of  honey.  In  default  of  this  give  th 
a  feeder  of  honey  and  water,  us:- 
half  and  half:  if  the  honey  is  v< 
thick  more  water  may  be  used.  \ 
warm  water  in  mixing  and  let  ' 
mixture  become  quite  cold  before  % 
ing  it  to  the  bees.  If  honey  is  i 
availalile,  use  sugar  and  water,  tak' 
lOne  part  of  sugar  to  three  of  wal 
Never  iise  sugar  if  it  can  be  avoic 
for  while  it  is  a  perfectly  good  food 
far  as  the  bees  are  concerned.  It  gi'|< 
goo<l  ground  for  charges  of  feed|»' 
sugar  to  make  honey. 


r.tuo. 


THE   AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


123 


A  New  York  City  forrespoiident  ex- 
jdesses  the  wish  that  writers  for  pub- 
liciitioii  would  refrain  from  the  use  of 
slang'.  The  •suggestion  is  a  good  oiie, 
,111(1  our  (•ontril)utors  are  respectfully 
iiMluested  to  eonfoirm  to  the  wish.  lie 
further  begs  lis  to  "u-se  capital  letters, 
i Instead  of  small  loiues,  for  the  four 
seasons  of  the  year."  He  gives  no 
rea.son  for  desiring  thi-s  change,  and 
none  is  apparent  to  tbe  editor. 


The  Hamilton  County  Bee-keepers" 
Associarion.  Cincinnati,  O.,  announced 
that  it  had  arranged  to  have  Mr.  W. 
Z.  Hutchin-son  deliver  a  lecture  at  the 

(invention  rooms  of  the  Grand  hotel, 
Miat  city,  Monday  evening,  :May  20,tlie 
-ubject  being,  "The  Comforts  and 
idnveniencas  of  the  Apiary,  in  Their 
lU'lation  to  Modern  Bee-keeping  and 
Honey  Production."     Mr.  W.  W.  Som- 

iierford,  of  Cuba,  was  also  to  address 

he  meeting.  Doubtless  the  program 
ivas  carried  out  a-s  projected,  and  the 

;0()d  time  anticipated,  fully    realized. 

»lr.   Sommerford's  honey  harvest  last 

^ea.^on  was     one   hundred   and     forty 

housand  pounds. 


DUPES. 

It  is  a  strange  oommentai-y  on  the 
implicit.v  of  bee-keepers,  their  blindly 
nllowing  biased  advice,  wasting 
iioney  on  one  fad  after  another, 
\'hlle  the  vendors  of  the  constantly 
hhnging  hives  and  tools  wax  rapidly 
ich. 


GRADING  HONEY. 

'fl  "Let  your  honey  be  honestly  graded, 
'ut  the  finest  next  to  the  glass  and 
hen  .iust  Ithe  (same  qiialit.V'  clear 
hrough  to  the  back  of  the  case,"  says 
V.  J.  Davis.  Paste  that  where  yoii 
^ill  always  see  it  and  then  live  up  to 
t.     It  is  a  money  maker. 


APICULTURE  IN  JAPAN. 
The  .Japanese  equal  us  in  many  arts, 
re  superior  to  us  in  others,  but  are 
ir  behind  us  in  apiculture.  The 
irliest  record  of  apiculture  there  dat- 
1  back  to  r.42  A.  D.  The  practice  of  the 
I't  is  •still  primitive,  modern  methods 
eing  conspicuous  by  theu*  rarity, 
he  Italian  and  Cyprian  races  have 
3en  inti'oduced  and  the  latter  is  con- 
dered  the  best,  the  original  or  "na- 
ve" stock  of  Corean  hees  being  the 
ast  valued.     The  annual  production 


of  honey  is  estimated  at  about  250,- 
()<>()  i)oun(ls.  Once  let  these  earnest 
little  brown  men  turn  their  thoughts 
seriously  to  bee-keeping  and  they  will 
lead  lis  a  merry  race. 


SELECTING  QUEENS. 
Swarthmore  has  said:  "Virgin 
queens  with  broad  thorax,  cob-like 
form  and  stout  legs  broadly  vS])read,  in- 
variably turn  out  to  be  long  lived  and 
prolific.  Such  (pieens  are  seldom  lost 
at  mating  time."  Thils  recalls  the  fact 
it  was  noted  as  long  ago  as  1860  that 
queens  with  defective  legs  often  turned 
out  to  1)0  drone  layers.  When  select- 
ting  queens  remember  Swarthmore's 
words. 


WHICH  HONEY  IS  THE  BEST? 

This  question  will  probably  be  dis- 
cussed as  long  as  individual  ta-stes 
differ,  but  mild  flavored  honeys  will  al- 
ways be  most  popular  and  blended 
honeys  will  lead  among  them.  In  New 
England  when  the  homey-flow  is  slow 
and  the  combs  are  ttlled  from  many 
kinds  of  flowers,  then  is  the  honey 
most  delicious.  The  same  is  known  to 
be  tiTie  in  some  other  parts  of  the 
country  and  doubtless  is  so  every- 
where Such  honey  keeps  the  palate 
seeking  for  the  elusive  flavors  and 
never  cloys  it.  It  is  blended  flavors 
which  have  made  French  cookery  so 
famous. 


WHO   WAS   FIRST? 

The  Review  recently  had  an  article 
from  a  Mr.  Sibbald  on  what  he  be- 
lieved to  be  a  new  method  of  antici- 
pating swarming  and  at  the  .same  time 
.securing  the  crop  of  honey.  In  Glean- 
ings for  INIay  1  many  pages  are  de- 
voted to  showing  that  the  s.vstem  is 
not  new,  each  writer  claiming  to  have 
originated  it  or  used  it,  some  so  long 
ago  as  1901.  If  Mr.  Sibbald  chances 
to  rtin  into  that  chilling  reception  it 
may  deter  him  from  ever  again  ap- 
pearing in  print. 

The  kernel  of  the  Sibbald  method  is 
in  having  the  forced  swarm  rai,se  a 
queen,  leaving  the  old  queen  with  the 
parent  colony;  a  practice  which  was 
well  known  at  least  seventy-five  years 
ago.  Cheer  up,  Mr.  S.,  for  he  laughs 
best  who  laughs  last. 


To  Beginners:  Don't  expect  tO'  start 
out  as  a  full  fledged  bee — you  mu«t  5e 
a  grub  finst. 


124 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


June, 


•  OFF  FOR  DORSATA. 


By  the  time  this  number  of  The  Bee- 
Keeper  is  in  the  hands  of  the  reader 
Prof.  Benton  will  be  oft"  for  a  trip 
around  the  world  in  quest  of  new 
races  of  bees  which  it  is  proposed  to 
test  and  inti'oduee  into  the  United 
States. 

The  American  Bee-Keeper  ha,s  stood 
alone  among  the  bee  journals  of  Amer- 
ica in  advocating  this  step,  and  our 
readers  will  doubtless  be  kept  in  touch 
with  Prof.  Benton's  operations  during 
his  trip,  which  will  encircle  the  globe. 
The  first  article  will  appear  in  our 
July  issue. 


DURING  PROF.  BENTON'S  AB- 
SENCE. 

In  a  private  letter,  dated  May  24, 
Prof.  Benton  wrote: 

During  my  absence  the  immediate 
supervision  of  the  experimental  work 
and  conduct  of  the  correspondence  of 
the  office  here  will  be  in  charge  of  Dr. 
E.  F.  Phillips,  late  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  who  has  recently 
been  appointed,  at  my  request,  a«  one 
of  my  expert  assistants.  Mr.  Lesfie 
Martin,  of  Tennessee,  and  Miss  Jessie 
E.  ;Marks,  of  New  York,  remain  in  the 
office  to  assist  in  the  work  here;  while 
Mr.  J.  M.  Rankin  has  gone  to  Cali- 
fornia to  conduct,  under  the  direction 
oif  this  office,  the  sub-station  we  are 
about  to  establish  at  Chico,  in  the  Sac- 
ramento valley.  Part  of  the  steno- 
graphic work  is  also  ably  handled  by 
Mr.  E.  C.  Wood,  who  wrote  this  letter. 


anywhere  near  four  doJlars  a  day^ 
How  many  of  the  Foul  Brood  laws 
now  in  effect  provide  for  any  attempi 
to  ascertain  the  fitness  and  ability  ol 
the  to-be  inspector  for  the  work?  Th( 
officious  gentleman  with  his  arbitrarj 
powers  may  know  far  less  about  bees 
and  their  diseases  than  bee-keepers 
whose  bees  he  may  choose  to  condemn 
but  they  can  make  no  effective  protesi 
againet  aught  that  he  may  choose  tc 
do. 

Here  is  an  example  of  the  loss  ignor 
ance  or  arbitrary  action  may  cause 
"In  another  there  are  three  hives  lef 
and  if  they  catch  the  disease  thej 
must  go."  Must  they  forsooth?  Thii 
ignorant  inspector  decrees  that  anni 
hilation  is  the  only  course  he  wiJ 
allow.  But  to  continue  the  quotatioD 
"Just  think  of  fifty-four  hives,  all  ful, 
of  bees  and  honey,  stacked  up  thre 
feet  wide,  six  high  and  six  long  an< 
you  have  the  lot  that  were  destroys 
last  night,  a  lot  the  owners  said  cos 
them  ^250."  Comment  seems  unneft 
essary. 


GOV.  FOLK'S  VETO  OF  THE  MIS- 
SOURI   FOUL   BROOD    BILL. 

Despite  the  unpleasant  feelings  and 
harsh  remarks  against  Gov.  Folk  and 
his  veto  of  Missouri's  Foul  Brood  Bill, 
it  contains  one  passage  of  particular 
value,  one  which  the  bee-keepers 
will  do  well  to  bear  in  mind  when  seek- 
ing legislation  to  control  bee  diseases. 
The  clause  is  this:  "The  inspector  is 
authorized  to  go  to  anyone's  home  and 
if  he  should  not  like  the  way  bee  hives 
are  conducted  he  could,  for  some  real 
or  imaginary  disease,  annihilate  the 
whole  brood,  leaving  the  owner  with- 
out remedy,  but  for  all  of  which  the 
inspector  would  receive  four  dollars 
a  day!"  This  feature  was  quite 
enough  to  justify  the  governor's  action. 

How  many  of  the  men  who  are  itch- 
ing for  the  post  of  inspector  can  earn 


MISSING    ESSENTIALS. 

Mr.  Massie's  comments  in  the  Ma 
Bee-Keeper,  on  divisible-brood-chan 
ber-hives  are  worthy  further  attentioi 
Such  hives  if  improperly  constructe 
permit  drafts  between  chambers  an 
are  then  about  as  bad  as  any  hive  ca 
be.  Mr.  Massie's  hive  is  believed  to  t 
so  constructed  as  to  avoid  that  an 
hence  has  proved  satisfactory.  Of 
times  some  slight  and  obscure  fact( 
spoils  the  proper  working  of  tools  ( 
systems,  whereupon  the  principle 
condemned. 

If  Mr.  McNeal  will  use  such  hivt 
as  Mr.  Massie  does,  or  will  protect  hi 
hives  with  cloth  telescope-covers  lit 
Mr.  Bingham's,  he  will  probably  fin 
reason   to   modify   his  opinions. 


b 


U 


SOPHORA  JAPONICA. 
Sophora  Japonica,  the  autum 
blooming  tree  mentioned  in  L'Ap!  iU) 
cu'Jteur  belolngs  to  the  gi-eat  orde  fcjii 
Leguminosae,  the  one  which  contaii  4  s 
so  many  good  honey  plants  such  as  tb 
clovers,  locusts,  etc.  Its  common  nam 
is  Japanese  Pagoda  Tree.  It  groT?  iiif 
rapidly,  attaining  a  height  of  50  to  6  !t 
feet  and  is  very  ornamental,  the  woo  fc) 
is  hard  and  valuable,  and  the  flowei 
and  pods  enter  into  commerce.  LJS 
the  rest  of  the  Sophorae  it  is  a  natlT 


1905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


125 


of  warm  climates.  There  are  three 
varieties  native  to  the  Southern  States, 
the  best  known  of  which  is  the  so-call- 
ed "Coral  Bean"  of  Texas.  S.  Japoni- 
(■;}  is  hardy  as  far  north  as  Philadel- 
phia and  might  live  farther  north,  in 
some  favored  localities. 


STEADILY  AVE  GROW. 

The  American  Bee-Keeper  has  never 
had  a  boom,  but  for  years  its  list  of 
subscribers  has  steadily  increased 
week  by  week  and  day  by  day,  until 
today  we  have  a  delightfully  healthy 
list  that  is  still  on  the  increase  at  the 
same  old  pace.  A  low  subscription 
price  and  cheap  advertising  rates,  with 
genuine  merit  behind  the  proposition, 
have  achieved  this  result.  Thofugh  this 
edition  of  The  Bee-Keeper  exceeds 
four  thousand  copies,  we  earnestly  de- 
sire to  quicken  the  jDace  of  incoming 
snbscribers  during  the  remaining 
months  of  the  year,  in  order  that  we 
may  be  able  to  introduce  many  of  the 

ontemplated  improvements  in  tBe 
paper.  If  you  know  of  any  bee- 
ieepers  who  do  not  take  The  Bee- 
Keeper,  kindly  assiiSt  our  efforts  by 
svriting  to  the   Falconer,  N.  Y.,   office 

"or  cards  and  samples  to  be  sent  them. 


ODORS. 
Odor  in  its  relation  to  bee  life  and 
nanagement  has  been  long  overvalued. 
Phere  is  much  evidence  pointing  to  the 
)OSseSiSion  by  each  colony  of  an  odor 
if  its  own,  differing  from  that  of  any 
>ther  colony.  That  such  odor  has  much 
10  dio  with  the  reception  or  rejection  of 
liens  has  not  yet  been  proven.  It  is 
rue  that  it  has  been  dogmatically  aij- 
erted  to  be  the  case,  but  valid  proof 
still  wanting.  The  writer  recently 
aw  a  striking  example  of  the  free- 
om  with  which  bees  of  different 
olonies  intermingle  regardless  of  odor. 
Next  to  the  westerly  end  of  a  row  of 
6  colonies  of  black  and  dark  hybrid 
ees  stood  a  colony  of  "golden" 
talians,  the  queen  of  which  had  been 
itroduced  last  August.  There  is  a 
Mck  and  high  evergreen  hedge  north 
f  the  row  protecting  it  from  all  but 
outherly  winds  and  the  pre- 
ailing  winds  are  from  the  south- 
est.  The        western-most       hive 

lacks)     had      about      20      or      30 
the  golden  bees  in  it.     The  golden 
lony  which  stood  next,  had  perhaps 
8  many  black  bees  in  it.    The  colony 


next  east  of  the  gotldens  had  a  very 
large  number  of  goldens,  while  each 
succeeding  hive  had  a  lesser  number 
until  the  last,  which  was  over  100  feet 
ea^st  of  the  golden  stock,  had  but  abo«t 
a  dozen. 

If  odor  possesses  the  importance 
ascribed  to  it,  there  should  have  been 
few  or  no  golden  bees  in  the  other  col- 
onies and  also  there  should  have  been 
many  dead  golden  bees  in  front  of 
each,  but  there  were  none. 

Perhaps  the  bees  of  this  apiary  had 
lost  their  smellers. 


TRUTH  WILL  PREVAIL. 

"But  of  all  plagues,  good  Heaven, 
thy  wrath  can  send,  Save,  save,  oih 
save  me  from  the  candid  friend" 
which  same  the  League  may  aptly 
quote  to  the  following  which  appeared 
as  a  double-column  heading  to  an  in- 
spired article  in  the  Boston  Globe  of 
May  4  last: 

"500,000  BEES   ON   A   CITY   ROOF." 

Mr.  F.  H.  Farmer  has  an  extensive 
apiary  on  the  top  of  his  four-story 
building  on  Friend  St.  He  feeds  them 
on  sugar  served  in  the  form  of  a  sy- 
rup." 

Let  the  Leaguers  still  their  wrath  and 
rail  not,  for  they  have  none  but  them- 
selves to  blame  if  it  is  not  just  as 
they  would  have  it.  Theu*  foremost 
men  have  long  proclaimed  sugar  feed- 
ing as  the  sine  qua  non  of  successful 
apiculture  and  now  their  candid  friend, 
the  reporter  of  the  public  press,  has 
told  the  world  tliereof.  They  asked 
publicity  and  forsooth  they  are  get- 
ting it  in  good  measure,  well  heaped 
up,  pressed  down  and  running  over. 
Let  the  good  work  go  on  until  the 
accursed  practice  is  stamped  deep  into 
the  nether  regions. 


ORANGE   BLOSSOM   HONEY. 

Pro.  Cook,  in  Gleanings,  says  they 
have  it  in  Southern  California,  that  it 
is  white  and  of  exquisite  flavor.  He 
says,  however,  that  orange  blossom 
honey  "will  never  have  any  commer- 
cial importance,  any  more  than  will 
that  from  fruit  in  the  East,"  and  ex- 
plains that  it  is  not  that  the  nectar 
is  not  plentiful  in  the  flower  but  that 
the  colonies  are  too  weak  thus  early  in 
the  spring  to  store  much  surplus. 

The  professor's  theory  may  be 
thoroughly  satisfactory  to  himself,  and 
to  others  who  may  not  have  observed 


126 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Juue, 


closely  in  this  connection;  but  in 
view  of  the  fact  tliat  bees  store  con- 
siderable sui-i>lus  in  South  Florida 
from  still  earlier  sources,  yet,  in  our 
experience,  gain  hardly  anything  at  all 
in  weight  from  the  orange  blossom, 
we  incline  toi  the  belief  that  the  nec- 
tar is  not  there. 

By  the  way,  did  not  some  of  our  es- 
teemed correspondents  promise  to 
convert  the  editor  this  season  to  a  be- 
lief in  orange  blossom  honey,  by 
sending  him  a  sample  of  the  goods"? 
We  are  quite  willing  to  "take  the  evi- 
dence" in  this  matter. 


This  is 


"BEE-KEEPING." 

This  is  the  title  of  Farmer.s'  Bulle- 
tin No.  59,  by  Prof^  Frank  Benton, 
just  issued  by  the  Department  of  Ag. 
riculture  and  now  available  for  dis- 
ti-il)ution  to  those  wlnoi  apply.  The 
edition  comprises  ten  thou-sand  copies 
and  the  work  has  been  thoroughly  re- 
vised, and  enlarged  from  32  to  48 
pages.  The  following  list  of  headings 
will  serve  to  indicate  the  additions 
that  have  been  made  in  the  revised 
edition: 

Page  10-11 :    Overstocking. 

Page  12:  Value  of  bees  in  pollina- 
tion. 

Page  14:  Relative  gentleness  of 
races. 

Page  IG-IO:  The  variouvS  races  of 
bees. 

Page  21-22:  Adding  bees  to  natural 
swarms. 

Page  23:  Shaken  or  biii-shed 
swarms. 

Page  27:     Russian,  or  hairy  vetch. 

Page  28:     Sulla,  or  sulla  clover. 

Page  32:  Clomb  foundation,  not 
artificial  comb. 

Page  34:  ComI)  honey  not  manufac- 
tured. 

Page  42-43:  Utilizing  brood  and 
honey  from  diseased  colonies. 

Page  43-44:    Bee  paralysis. 

I'age  46-47:  Legislation  affecting 
apiarian  interests. 

Page  47:     Apiarian  .ioumals. 

While  most  of  om-  readers  will,  no 
doubt,  avail  themselves  of  the  oppor- 
tunity to  procure  a  copy  of  Bulle- 
tin 59,  and  read  it  for  then%selves.  we 
cannot  refrain  from  quoting  a  para- 
gi-aph  therefrom,  in  regard  to  the  mat- 
ter of  "Overstocking."  as  Prof.  Ben- 
ton so  clearly  states  the  exact  point 
which  our  old  friend,  Pat,  so  earnestly 
endeavored   to  proclaim   through   The 


Bee-Keeper  a  few  years  ago. 
it: 

The  danger  of  overstocking  a  given 
locality  is  veiy  frequently  exaggerated, 
Each  range,  it  is  self-evident,  has  a 
limit.  The  writer  is,  however,  fuUj 
convinced,  after  long  experience  in 
numerous  localities  and  under  tJi« 
most  varied  circumstances,  that  thre„^. 
or  four  times  as»many  colonies  a-s  are 
comimonly  considered  sutiicient  tc 
stock  a  given  range  may  usually  b€ 
kept  with  a  relative  degree  of  profit 
But  to  secure  such  results  sutiicieni 
care  and  close  observation  have  toe 
frequently  not  ))een  given  in  the  selec- 
tion of  bees  adapted  to  the  locality  an<3 
conditions.  A  more  frequent  failun 
has  been  lack  of  proper  attention  t( 
the  individual  colonies,  particularly  as 
to  the  age  and  character  of  the  (pieens 
in  each.  The  space  given  for  brooc' 
is  often  too  small  and  frequentlj 
no  care  is  given  to  -secure  tht 
proper  anumnt  of  brood  in  time  toi  in 
sure  a  i)opulation  ready  for  each  har! 
vest.  Attention  to  these  points  woulo 
enable  great  numbers  of  bee-keeper.'- 
who  now  regard  50  to  100  colonies  an 
fully  stocking  their  range  toi  read' 
several  hundreds  in  a  single  apiary i 
with  slight  or  no  diminution  in  th<' 
average  yield  per  colony. 


Am 

m 


A  NEW  "BEE-BOOK." 
We  have  received  a  coiiiy  of  Coin 
mercial  Queen  Rearing,  wliich  is  th« 
third  in  a  series  of  papers  on  apicui 
ture.  hy  "Swarthmore."  It  is  beailti 
fully  illustrated— several  of  the  phot* 
reproductions  being  in  arti-stic  colffl 
effects,  and  its  forty  odd  pages  are  fM 
ed  -sA-ith  matter  that  is  at  once  vei*y  in, 
teresting  and  profitable  reading  foi 
every  one  engaged  in  the  pursuit  o: 
bee-keeping.  Hiofw  Mv.  Pratt  secures 
SO  to  128  of  the  finest  queen  cells  froH 
a  colony,  is  concisely  but  briefly  stat 
ed.  What  "Swarthmore"  does  n<y 
know  about  this  queen  rearing  busi 
ness.  "isn't  worth  while,"  and  his  rfr 
markable  success  in  the  business  is  8 
logical  result  of  his  peculiar  adaptabili- 
t.\-  and  characteristic  enterprise. 


Whether  tlie  Honey  Producers 
League  proposes  to  place  its  publicity 
direct  or  through  some  agency,  W€ 
have  not  seen  stated.  Do  the  brofeers 
come  in  for  a  "rake  off"  on  this  pro 
position? 


h 


I''"i5.  THE    AMERICAN 

AN  UNJUST  TKAIT  OF  "HUMAN 
NATURE." 
The  N.  Y.  Tribune  has  recently  rais- 
ed the  ire  of  some  of  our  contenii)orar- 
ies  by  failing  to  correct  articles  on 
•  Klnlteratlon  ,to  suit  the  complain^ 
jiiit's  view.s.  One  editor  says:  "It  is 
not  likely  that  so  able  a  periodical  as 
the  N.  Y.  Tribune  is  desirous  to  mis- 
lead or  misstate  and  the  probability  is 
that  when  the  statement  was  made  it 
wa-s  believed  to  be  correct.  Having 
iieeu  made  it  is  only  human  nature 
10  give  full  weight — ami  a  little  un- 
hie  weight — to  anything  found  to 
lavor  such  statement."  Tliis  expres- 
sion of  "human  nature"  has  for  many 
real's  been  a  very  pronounced  practice 
if  one  of  the  complainants  and  it  has 
ihvays  been  impossible  tO'  make  him 
;ee  its  in.iustice.  Now  that  it  is  I'sed 
igainst  him  he  may  perhaps  obtain  a 
dimp.se  of  the  point  of  view  of  hi-s 
ictim,s. 

Fault  is  also  found  because  the 
"ribune  says:  "Another  patented 
iiethod.  according  to  the  invento*-,  will 
ii'oduce  a  comb  in  every  respect  re- 
rmbling  natural  comb  built  by  the 
I'cs."  According  to  the  past  publica- 
ions  of  one  of  the  complainants,  they 
ave  made  .such  comb  and  control  that 
atent. 

We  belie-se  the  Tribune  lias  done 
rell  to  arouse  public  suspicion  of  bot- 
led  honeys  containing  a  bit  of  comb. 
>  little  more  doubt  cast  upon  a  custom 
onimonly  used  to  deceive,  should  do 
1)0(1  rather  than  harm,  for  the  public, 
h-eady  suspicious  of  all  their  foods, 
elieving  their  beef  to  be  "embalmed'' 
ud  fearing  arsenites  on  their  fruits 
nd  vegetables,  can  hardly  be  made 
lore  su-spiciou«.  So  long  as  bee-keep- 
I's  continue  to  feed  hundreds  of  tons 
f  sugar  to  their  bees  just  so  long  w^Ill 
lere  Ije  good  grounds  for  charges 
uainst  the  puritj^  of  honey.  The 
inverted  and  stored  syrups  may  be 
lemically  invert  sugars  and  a.s  whole- 
mie  a,s  honey  yet  it  is  noit  the  nectar 

flowers  gathered  by  bee-s  from  Na- 
ire's  own  laboratories.  It  is  claimed 
lat  syrup  veiy  seldom  finds  its  way 
to  the  surplus  honey  combs.  The 
ipe  is  only  too  often  the  father  of  the 
louglit  and  the  proof  stops  there, 
'ithin  a  year  some  of  the  apicultural 
■ess  has  seriou-sly  considered  the  use 

glycerine  for  keeping  honey  liquid, 
Inch  is  naught  else  than  adulteration. 


BEE-KEEPER. 


127 


The  Rural  Bee-Keeper  says  that 
"Wisconsin  produces  the  best  clover 
and  basswood  honey  in  the  world." 
Wonder  if  that's  really  so? 


Though  dur  venerable  friend,  Dr.  O. 
M.  iUanton,  of  Mississippi,  has  been 
quite  indis])osed  during  the  past  win- 
ter, we  are  pleased  to  learn  that  he  is 
again  actively  engaged  with  the  bees. 
We  hope  to  present  an  interesting 
lettei-  from  that  quarter  in  our  next 
issue. 


The  word,  "queenright,"  as  opposed 
to  "queenless,"  in  reference  to  a  colony 
of  bees  seems  to  be  establishing  itself 
in  the  apiarian  vocabulary.  If  we 
mistake  not,  the  credit  for  having  in- 
troduced this  adjective  belongs  to  our 
staff  correspondent,  Mr.  F.  Greiner. 
Others  are  now  "introducing"  it. 


I  don't  care  to  meet  the  man  who 
has  never  made  a  mistake,  for  that  in- 
fallible individual  has  likely  never 
made   anything  else. — H.   Macaulay. 


Honey    and   Beesivax   Market. 


Cincinnati,  May  8.— The  demand  for  honey 
has  increased  quite  a  bit  since  our  last  quo- 
tation, which  is  due,  probably,  to  the  con- 
cessions made  in  prices  to  affect  sales,  as  well 
as   the   awakening  of  the   spring   trade. 

We  quote  amber  extracted  honey  in  barrels 
at  iVz  to  6i,^c,  according  to  quality.  White 
Clover  and  fancy  extracted  honey  at  6  and 
lyic.  Comb  honey  has  seen  its  season.  Bees 
wax   wanted   at  29c  cash. 

The    Fred    W.    Muth    Co. 

51    \\'ahiut    Street. 


Chicago,  May  8. — With  April  about  all  the 
trade  in  comb  honey  ceases  so  far  as  this 
market  is  concerned,  occasionally  a  case  sells, 
but  no  lots,  so  that  prices  now  are  practi- 
cally without  change,  pending  the  new  crop. 
Extracted  is  exceedingly  slow  of  sale;  white 
ranges  from  o'/i  to  7c,  and  amber  5^  to  6c, 
according  to  flavor,  quality  and  package. 
Beeswax   in  active   demand   at   30c. 

R.    A.    Burnett    &    Co. 

199    South    Water   Street. 


Boston,  May  9. — There  is  no  change  to 
note,  in  condition  of  honey  market,  from  that 
of  our  letter  of   April   24th. 

Blake,    Scott   &   Lee   Co. 


Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  May  13.— Though  the  supply 
of  honey  is  quite  liberal  the  demand  is  good 
considering  the  lateness  of  the  season.  We 
quote  our  market  today:  Fancy  comb,  12  to 
13c.  No.  2,  9  to  lie.  No.  3,  7  to  8c.  Bees- 
wax, 28  to  32c.  Honey  surely  should  be  sold 
now.  Common  has  to  be  cut  and  pushed 
hard  to  effect  sales.  Fancy  sells  very  well. 
Batterson    &    Co. 


Denver,  Colorbdo,  May  13.— Though  the 
demand  for  honey  is  a  little  better  than  it 
has  been,  the  supply  is  greater  than  the  local 
demand.  We  quote  our  market  today:  No.  1, 
per  case  (24  sections)  $2.20  to  $2.40.  No.  2, 
$1.75  to  2.00.  Extracted,  &V2  to  7J4  cents.  Bees- 
wax  in   demand   at   25   to   28  cents. 

Colorado    Honey    Producers'    Ass'n, 
1440  Market  St. 


Kansas  City,  Mo.,  May  14. — There  is  a 
better  feeling  in  the  comb  honey  market,  but 
the  season  is  getting  late  and  there  are  somq 
signs  of  granulation.  The  supply  is  good, 
with  fair  demand.  We  quote  our  market  to- 
day: Comb,  per  case  (24  sections,)$1.50  to 
$2.00.  Extracted,  4  1-2  to  6  l-2c.  Beeswax, 
28c.  C.    C.    Clemmons    &    Co. 


Laws  can  discover  sin,  but  not  re- 
mo^' e  it. — Milton. 


In  great  attempts  it  is  glorious  even 
to  fail. — Longinus. 


No  man  is  free  who  is  not  master 
of  himself. — Epictetus. 


Who  bravely  dares  must  sometimes 
risk    a    fall.— Smodlett. 


People   do   not   lack    strength,   they 
lack  will. — Shakespeare. 


If  the  outlook  is  gloomy,  keep  smil- 
ing. Half  the  troubles  of  life  are  di.«!- 
sipated  by  cheerful  courage. 


^fc'l 


VxutuwVf  ^Ufmi  ow  \\\e 
devcXovcA.  V>vj  n\v^^e\s  jot 

t(\\v^  <v»t  Vvikve  out  vjouritlj? 

J.  "£.  fVw^ttxitTotiPwtte.Tv*.. 


BEES  AND    POULTRY 


This  Offer    Holds    Good   Only 


Two  Months  from  date  hereof 


A  Bee  Journal  and  a  setting  of  choice  eggs 
from  thoroughbred  stock  for  $1.  Ou.  The 
Rural  Bee-Keeper  (one  year  old)  is  a  new 
monthly  journal  devoted  to  the  interests  of 
bee-keepers 

Every  bee-keeper  can  get  the  value  of  his 
money.  There  are  articles  by  the  best  writers 
known,  upon  all  subjects  pertaining  to  bee 
cnlt^ire. 

SUPERIOR   FOWLS 

Eggs  that  hatch  from  hens  that  Lay 

No  expense  has  been  spared  to  secure  pure 
stock.  We  offer  you  a  choice  of  7  (seven) 
breeds  as  follows: 
Barred  Plymouth  Rock, 
Buft'  Plyniouth  Rock, 
White  Plymouth  Rock, 
Black  I^angshang, 
White  Wyandotte. 

The  price  of  the  eggs  alone  is  $1.00  per  set- 
ting [18].  But  we  want  subscribers  for  the 
"Rural  Bee  Keeper"  which  is  50  cents  a  year, 
and  we  will  sell  you  both  for  11.00.  Orders 
filled  in  rotation  We  have  25  layiiig  hens  of 
each  breed  except  the  Black  Laugshangs  of 
which  we  have  seven. 

Please  indicate  a  second  choice  in  case  we 
have  more  orders  of  one  kind  than  we  can  fill. 
We  can  sell  but  one  setting  of  eggs  at  this 
rate,  and  only  as  a  premium  for  the  "Rural 
Bee  Keeper."  If  you  want  more  settings  you^ 
can  have  them  at  $1.00  per  setting  straight. 

Address, 

W.  H.  PUTNAM,  River  Falls,  Wis. 


i 


Buff  Coacben, 
Buff  Leghorn, 
Brown  Leghorn, 
Light  Bramas, 


Are  You  Looking 
for  a  Home? 


A 


It  so  send  for  a  copy  of  The  Farm  and 
Real  Estate  Journal.  It  has  lands  adver- 
tised in  it  from  nearly  every  state  in  the 
Union;  also  city  property  of  all  kinds  and 
stocks  of  goods  for  sale  or  exchange.  So 
that  anyone  looking  for  a  home  or  a  loca- 
tion can  find  anything  he  wishes  in  this 
Journal.  It  reaches  33.000  readers  every 
issue  and  is  one  of  the  best  advertising 
mediums  to  reach  the  farmer  and  home- 
seeker.  Advertising  rates  2o  per  word 
for  small  ads,  or  $1  per  inch  single  column 
each  insertion.  Send  75c  and  we  will 
mail  you  the  Journal  for  one  year,  or  for 
10c  in  silver  or  stamps  we  will  send  it  for 
two  months'  on  trial  And  Journal  will 
be  stopped  at  the  end  of  two  month*  if 
you  don't  renew.  No  copies  sent  free. 
H-Peb.  tf 


Farm  &  Real  Estate  Journal 

Traer,  Tama  Co,  Iowa 


ONE-HALF  INCH  SPACE  ONE  TEAR  ON  THIS  PAGE,  $3.00. 


\T  J.  DAVIS,  1st,  YOUNGSVILLE,  PA.. 
V  •  breeder  of  choice  Italian  Bees  and 
ueens.     Quality,   not  quantity,   is  my  motto. 


-vEWEY'S  HARDY  HONEY  GATHEREKS- 
■^  Reared  under  swarmiuglmpuisethrough- 
ut  the  year.  Large,  strong,  health » .  Send 
jr  Card.  "Can  1  Coutiol  !^wal•ming'-Original. 
ntested,  $1.00.  4  for  S5  00;  tested  ^l-.W,  6  for 
'.50,  Choice  $:i.50.  High-grade  breeders,  15 
)«10.  E.  H.  DEWEV.  Gt.  Harrington,  Mass. 


•\UEENS  HERE.  We  are  still  asking  you  to 
^  give  us  your  trade.  We  sell  Italians.  Goldeus 
id  Caruiolans  at  75c  for  untested  and  $1.00  for 
sted.  Prices  on  quantities  and  nuclei  upon  ap  ■ 
ication.John  W.  Pharr,  Berclair,  Texas.  Jan6 


WARTHMORE  APIARIES,  SWARTH- 
_  MORE,  PA.  Our  bees  and  queens  are  the 
ightest  Italians  procurable.  Satisfaction 
laranteed.  Correspondence  in  English, 
rench,  German  and  .Spanish.  Shipments  to 
I  parts  of  the  world. 


W.     GARY    &    SON,    LYONSVILLE, 
MASS.,   Breeders  of   choice   Italian   bees 
d  queens.  Imported  Leather  and  Root's  Red 
over  strains.    Catalog  and  price  list  free. 


CORE'S  LONG-TONGUED  STRAIN 
of  Italians  become  more  and  more  popu- 
each   year.     Those  who   have  tested   them 

ow   why.      Descriptive    circular    free    to    ail. 

rite  J.  P.  Moore,  L.  Box  1,  Morgan,  Ky. 


ONEY  QUEENS  AND  BEES  for  sale.     I 
extracted   300    pounds    per   colony   in    1903. 
08.    Worthington,    Leota,    Miss.       Aug.    6 


-THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Walnut  St., 
*  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Standard  Bred  Red 
Clover  Three-banded  Queens,  Golden  Italians, 
and  Carniolans.  Safe  arrival  guaranteed.  Send 
for  circular. 


T 


HE  A.   I.  ROOT  CO.,  MEDIxnA,   OHIO. 
Breeders   of   Italian  bees  and  queens. 


QUEENS  from  Jamaica  any  day  in  the  year. 
Untested,  66c.;  tested,  $1.00;  select  tested, 
$1.50.  Our  queens  are  reared  from  the  very 
finest  strains.  Geo.  W.  Phillips,  Sav-La-Mar 
P.   O.,  Jamaica,  W.   I.  (5-5) 


DJ.  BLOCHKR,  Pearl  City,  111.,  breeder  of 
•  Fine  Italian  Bees  and  Queens.  Our  stock 
speaks  for  itself.  Safe  arrival  of  all  stock  guar- 
anteed.    Free  information.  Jan.  6 


f  AWRENCE  C.  miller,  box  1113, 
L  PROVIDENCE,  R.  I.,  is  filling  orders  for 
the  popular,  hardy,  honey-getting  Providence 
strain  of  Queens.   Write  for  free  information. 


p  H.  W.  WEBER,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 
^'  (Cor.  Central  and  Freeman  Aves.) 
Golden  Yellow,  Red  Clover  and  Carniolan 
queens,  bred  from  select  mothers  in  separate 
apiaries. 


JOHN  M.  DAVIS,  SPRING  HILL,  TENN., 
J  has  g:reatly  enlarged  ard  improved  his 
queen-rearing  bcilities.  Two  unrelated  Cat- 
niolans  and  a  dark  leather  Italian  lately  im- 
ported. My  own  strains  of  three-band  and 
golden;  "Moore's"  long-tongue;  Doolittle's* 
golden;  all  selects.  Q.miolans  mated  to  Ital- 
ian drones  when  desired.  No  disease.  Cir- 
cular free. 


PNIC   BEES,       All     other  races  are     dis-     QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER,  has  an 
carded,      after     trial     of     these    wonderful 
!S.    Particulars   post    free.     John    Hewitt    & 
,  Sheffield,  England.  Jan  6. 


^  exceptionally  hardy  strain  of  Italian  bees; 
they  wintered  on  their  summer  stands  within 
a  few  miles  of  bleak  Lake  Erie.  Send  for 
Free    Circular.     Bellevue,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


HONfY  DEALERS'  DIRECTORY 


t^~Under  this  heading  will  be  inserted,  for  reliable  dealers,  two  lines  one 
year  for  $1.25.       Additional  words,   12c  a  word.      No  announcement  can         i 
be  accepted  for  less  than  one  year  at  these  rates._jgl 


OHIO. 

COLORADO. 

C.     H.    VV.    WEBER,    Freeman    and    Central 
Aves.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio.      If    for   sale,   mail 
sample,    and    state    price    expected    delivered 
in  Cinicinnati.     If  in  want,   write  for  prices, 
and  state  quality  and  quantity   desired. 

(5-5) 

We    are    always    in    the    market    for    extracted 
honey,   as  we  sell  unlimited  quantities.   Send 
us   a   sample   and   your   best   price   delivered 
here.    THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Wal- 
nut St.,   Cincinnati,   Ohio.                         (5-5) 

THE  COLORADO  HONEY  PRODUCERS 
ASS'N,  1440  Market  St,  Denrer,  Colo.     5 

ILLINOIS. 

R.  A  BURNETT  &  CO.,  199  South  Watei 
Street,    Chicago.                                          (5-5) 

Cent'a=Word  Column. 


AGENTS  WANTED  to  sell  advertising  nov- 
ties,  good  commission  allowed.  Send  for 
catalogue  and  terms.  American  Manufac- 
ing    Concern,    Falconer,    N.    Y. 


25  LATEST  improved  Langstroth  Bee  Hives 
for  sale,  complete  ready  for  use  and  well 
painted.  Inquire,  of  Frank  G.  Shimer,  Mar- 
tins   Creek,    Pa.,    for   prices   and   particulars. 

June  5 


WA!S^TKD— To  exchaiiKe  microscopical  ob.iects, 
llowcrand  garden  seeds,  gas  generators,  bicycle, 
books,  silverware,  etc..  for  bees,  queens,  honey, 
supplies,  etc.  C.  W.  UNGER,  Taftville.  Conu. 
June  5. 


THE  BUnY  MAN'S  METHOD  OP  REARING 
GOOD  QUEENS— This  leaflet  describes  tlie 
method  used  in  rearing  the  Hardy  Honey 
Gatherers  (re^id  elsewhere),  and  if  carefully 
followed  will  produce  queens  of  grent  merit. 
No  loss  of  brood,  no  cell-cups,  and  but 
little  time  required.  Large  queens  under 
swarming  impulse.  Ni  'thing  artiHc;ial  about 
it.  Every  queen-breeder  needs  it.  Price  2") 
ceots.  E.  H.DEWEY,  Gt.  Barrington.  Mass. 


ITALIAN  AND  Carniolian  Queens.  The 
Bankston  Baby  Nucleus  and  the  Bankston 
nursery  cage.  Untested  queens  50  cents 
each;  tested  75  cents.  Baby  nucleus,  nailed 
ready  for  use,  35  cents.  Nursery  cage,  35 
cents  by  mail  with  printed  instructions. 
C.  B.  Bankston,  Milano,  Milam  County, 
Texas.  July   5. 


INCREASE  is  a  handsome  little  book  tell- 
ing how  to  form  new  colonies  without 
breaking  working  stocks.  A  simple,  sure 
satisfactory    plan.    25c.       Baby    Nuclei    tells 


how  to  mate  many  queens  from  section; 
with  a  mere  handful  of  bees.  42  pages,  2l 
pictures;  plain  and  simple  plan.  50c.  Queen 
and  queen  rearing  outfits  for  sale.  Golde* 
all-over  and  Caucasian  Queens.  Circulam 
free.     E.    L.    Pratt,   Swarthmore,   Pa. 


BEWARE 

WHERE   YOU    BUY  YOUR 

BEEWARE 


n r^=' 

IWATERTOWN, 


WIS! 


MAKES  THE    FIN  EST 


G.  B.  LEWIS  COMPANY, 
BEE-KEEPERS^  SUPPLIE 

Watertown,  Wis. 

Eastern  Agents;    Fred  W.   Muth  Co  ,  Cincinnaji 
Ohio,  51  WalniU  .Street;  C   M.  Scott  &  Co.,  India|| 
apolis,    Ind  ,  1004    E     Washington  St.,   Norris 
Anspach,  K  ntou,  Ohio,  Cleaver  &  Greene,  Trcf 
Penn. 

Bee=Keepers'  Supplies 

1  i/a  story  8  frame  L-Hive %  1 

No.  1  sections  Bee-way,  per  1000 4  I 

Plain 8  | 

No.  2,  £c  less. 
24  lb.  Shipping  Cases,  per  100 13  I 

Berry  Baskets,   Hallock  Boxes,  Crates,  et| 
kept  in  stock  and  sold  cheap.    Send  for  list. 

W.    D.   SO  P  E  R 

R.  F.  D.  No.  3.  Jackson,  Mil 


Our  Special    Premium  Offer. 

AVo   have    be  n  succ  ssful  in  closing-  a  contract  with  tne  Selden  Pen  M  Ig 
Co.,  of  New  ^ork,  wher.-by  for  a  limited  time  we 
caa  supply  a  guaranteed 

$2.00     Gold     Fountain    Pen. 

'«THE  CElTRIC  model  i" 

and  The  American  Bee  Keeper  on  •  year  for  only  90  CENTS,  t)  ev  ry 
subscriber,  OLD  o- NEW.  The  pe^i  will  be  forwarded  immediately  up- 
on receipt  of  tbe  mon-v.  It  is  made  of  the  best  quality  o  hard  rubber 
in  four  parts,  and  fitted  with  a  guaranteed  irridium-point  d  14-k  GOLD 
PEN.  The  '  fountain"  is  throughout  of  the  simplest  construction  and 
cannot  get  out  of  order,  overttow,  or    ail  to  supply  ink  to  the  nib. 

*'A  Fountain  Pen  is  a  Necessity 
of  The  Twentieth  Century." 

It  dispenses  with  tlie  iiicoiivenieut  inkstand  and  is  always  ready  for  use. 

'TUP    r^PI  TDir^    IVlOr^PI     1'   bears    the    manufacturer's  guarantee   that 
1  nC   V^CLirVlV^    lyiKJUCL.    l      the  pen  is  solld  gold,  14-k  Sne.    If  it  does 
not  prove  satisfactory  in  every  way  we  will  exchange  it  for    another,  or  return  the   fifty 
cents  additional  upon  return  of  the  pen. 

This  is  an  uuusual  opportunity  to  secure,  at  a  very  low  price,  an  article  of  superior 
quality  that  is  cominu;  to  be  essential  to  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  every  one  who 
writes.     REMEMBER  that  the  olfer  is  for  a  short  time  only. 

THE  AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER,    Falconer,    N.   Y. 


I-Special  Notice 
to   Bee-keepers. 

[boston 

Money  in  Bees  lor  You 
Cata'og  Price  on 

Root's    Supplies 

f  Catalog  for  the  Asking 


F.  H.  FARMER,  182    FRIEND  STREET, 
BOSTON,  MASS. 

Up    First    Flight         — 


'ENTS 


YOU    CAN    DO   IT 


AGENTS 


^  (lallions  "Peuro  or  Pearl"  New  Me- 
I  liou^.  Quick  sellers.  Big  money. 
^ite  at  once.  Special  ten-itory 
-  f  u.  Largest  Medallion  Co.  in  the 
\irkl.  Agents"  supplies.  Novelties 
I  to-date.  Write  now. 
Universal  Manufacturing  Co., 

Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Read  This  and  Do  It  QuicK 


All  One 
Year  $1.40. 

Without 
Gleanings 
80  Cents 


The    Modern    Farmer, 
Green's   Fruit  Grpwer, 
Agricultural   Epitomist, 
The  Mayflower  and 
Ten  Beautiful   Flowering  Bulbs, 
Gleanings   in   Bee  Culture, 
American  Bee-Keeper. 
Without  Gleanings  and    American  Bee-Keeper.  50c 
Good  only  a  short  time.     Address 

Modern  Farmer,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

Box  15.  The  clean  farm  paper. 


Three  Thousand  Gummed 
Labels  for  $1.00 

1x3  inches,  printed  to  your  order,  and 
postpaid.  Send  for  catalog,  showing  dif- 
ferent sizes  and  styles. 

FENTON  LABEL  CO.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


PROVIDENCE 
QUEENS 

FOR  BIG  HONEY  CROPS 


REARED  BY  THE  MILLER  SYS- 
TEM. 63»  IT  IS  THE  BEST  Y'ET, 
NEW    CATALOG    ON    REQUEST.  ^5* 


e^ 


Lawrence  C.  Miller 


p.  0.  Box  1113 

H-tf 


Providence,  R.  I. 


Three   Months  for    Only  20    Ce}its, 
To   a    A  eiu   Subscriber. 

THE 

AMERICAN  BEE  JOURNAL 


Established 


1861 


It  is  the  only  iueekly_  bee  paper  in  America. 
Those  who  write  for  it  are  among  the  most 
extensive  and  successful  bee-keepers  in  the 
world.  Many  of  them  produce  honey  by  the 
ton,  and  make  money  at  the  business,  hence 
their  experience  is  valuable. 

Among  the  Departments  Represented  in  the 
Bee  Journal  Are  These: 

Editorial  Notes  and  Comments;  Mis- 
cellaneous News  Items;  Contributed 
Special  Articles:  Opinions  of  Some  Ex- 
perts; Proceedings  of  Conventions;  Our 
Bee-Keeping  Sisters;  Mr.  Hasty's  After- 
thoughts; Dr.  Miller's  Answers  to 
Questions;  Honey  and  Beeswax  Mar- 
ket Quotations. 

Every  bee-keeper,  whether  having  one 
colony  or  100,  should  read  the  old  American 
Bee  Journal  every  week. 

Only  $1.00  a  year;  or  20  cents  for  a  trial  tri/> 
of  three  months,  (13  copies),  to  a  new  sub- 
scriber.   Sample  copy  free.    Ask  for  it. 

George  W.  YorK  ®  Co. 


334  Dearborn  Street 


Chicago  Illinois 


Big  Song  Book 


i 


"Polly,  I  Love  But  You,"  words  and  music 
"Piking  the  Pike,"  "Just  Because  I'm  Frou 
Missouri,"  "Hiawatha,"  "Navajo,"  "Bedelia," 
"Josie,"  "Only  a  Factory  Girl,"  "Flirting  a 
the  Seashore,"  "The  Little  Brown  Man  o 
Japan,"  "Come  Down,  Miss  Malinda,"  "Mi 
Ragtime  Ebony  Belle,"  and  44  other  popula 
songs,  all  in  one  book,  and  sent  postpaid  fo 
only  10  CENTS.  We  will  also  send  a  coupe 
good  for  10  cents  to  everyone  mentioning  i 
what  paper  they  saw  this  ad. 


This  is  a  special  offer  to  introduce  our 
goods,  so  send  at  once. 


H.  D.  LEADER  CO. 

tf  GRAND   RAPIDS,    MICH. 


MUSIC  LOVER* 


BIG  MAGAZINE  ONE  YEAR  FOR  TEN  CENi 

Send  us  lo  cents  in  silver,  together 
with  the  names  of  ten  persons  who 
get  mail  at  your  postoffice  who  are 
interested  in  MUSIC,  and  we  will 
send  you  our  handsome  magazine 
one  year.  We  receive  hundreds  of 
new  subscriptions  daily  from  per- 
sons who  think  our  magazine  a  big- 
ger bargain  than  Harper's,  Mun- 
sey's,  Ladies'  Home  Journal,  or 
McClure's.  This  is  a  special  offer 
for  a  short  time  only. 


OUR    SUBSCRIPTION    PRICE    MAY 
ADVANCE  TO  $1    PER  YEAR  SOON 


BERGES    PUBLISHING   d 

Dept.  H.  D.  Grand  Rapids,  Mid 


5eeswax 
Vanted 


We  will  pay  28  cents  cash  or  30 
ents  in  goods  for  good  quality  of 
ieeswax,  freight  paid  to  Falconer,  N. 
If  you  have  any,  ship  it  to  us  at 
nee.  Prices  subject  to  change  with- 
ut  notice. 

'HE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MFG  CO. 


When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
le  American  Bee-Keeper. 


R 


iCG 


and  5=Banded  Italian 
and  Carniolan  Queens. 

Say  friends,  you  who  have  support- 
ed us  during  the  past  season,  we 
desire  to  express  our  thanks  for 
your  patronage  in  the  past,  and 
respectfully  solicit  a  contiBuance  of 
your  valued  favors  through  the  sea- 
son of  1904. 

Our  queens  now  stand  upon  their 
merits  and  former  record.  We  are 
preparing  for  next  season,  and  seek- 
ing the  patronage  of  large  apiarists 
and  dealers.  We  do  not  claim  that 
our  queens  are  superior  to  all  oth- 
ers, but  that  they  are  as  good  as 
the  best.  We  will  furnish  from  one 
to  a  thousand  at  the  following 
prices:  ""-^sted  of  either  race,  $1; 
one  unte  d,  75c.,  5  for  $3.25,  10 
for  $6.  15  for  $8.25,  25  for  $12.50,  50 
for  $23.50,  100  for  $45. 
For  descriptive  circulars  address, 

JOHN  W.  PHARR,  Prop., 

w  Century  Queen  Rearing  Co.,  Ber- 
:lair,  Goliad  Co.,  Texas. 


BEGINNERS. 

hoii.d  haTC  a  copy  of 

'he  Amateur  Bee-keeper, 

page  book,  by  Prof.  J.  W.  Rouse;  written  «•' 
ally  for  amateurs.      Second  •dition  just  o»' 
t  edition  of   1,000  sold  in  less  thaa  two  year* 
or  York  says:    "It  is  the  finest  littl*  book  pub- 

d  at  the  present  time."      Price  24   centa;    by 

28  cents.     The  little  book  and 

6  Progressive  Bee-keeper, 

re,  progresaiTe,  28  page  monthly  journal,)  on* 
for  6dc.      Apply  to   any   first-class   dealer,  vt 


-  4HY  MFG-  CO„HitgiM^u.,M.. 


Chance 

Of  a  Life  Time. 


100    ^^^^^^  to  raise 
Belgians 

Send  for  particulars  and    sample  copy 
of  the  only 

Belgian  Hare  Journa 


Published  in  America. 

Judge  R.  J.  FINLEY, 

227  Lamb  St.,  MACON,  Mo. 


To  Subscribers  of 
THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 

And  Others! 

Until  Further  Notice 

We  Will  Send  The 

Country 
Journal 

to  any  addi>BS  in  the  U.  S.  A.  one 
year  for  ]n  eents,  providing  you 
n»  intion  American  Bee-Keeper. 

The  Country  Journal  treats  on 
F  arm,  Orchard  and  Garden,  Poul- 
f  ry  and  Fashion.  It's  the  best  pa- 
y>er  printed  for  the  price. 

Address 

The  Country  Journal, 

Allentown,  Pa. 
2tf 


W.  M.  Gcrrish.  R.  F.  D.,  Epping,  N.  H., 
keeps  a  complete  supply  of  our  goods,  and 
Eastern  customers  will  sare  freight  by  order- 
ing of  him. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  Co. 


Sunshine 


is  gaining  ad- 
miration as  a 
popular    litera- 

rv  family 

MAGAZINE. 

It  entertains  its  readers  with  good  short  stor- 
ies, sketches  and  poems  by  the  most  famous 
authors  of  the  day  and  is  a  magazine  of  supe- 
rior merit. 

It  is  a  welcome  visitor  in  every  home. 

Price  25  cents  a  year. 

We  wish  to  haye  our  magazine  in  your 
vicinity  and  as  a  special  offer  for  new  readers 
we  will  send  you 

Sunshine  for  I  Year  for  10c. 

Think  of  it.  less  than  one  cent  a  copy.    Can't 
you  act  as  our  agent  ? 

ADD.  MAYES  PUB.  CO., 
LOUISVILLE,       =         ENTUCKY 


MAGIC  RHEUMATIC  CURE 


It  absolutely  does  cure.  It  is 
not  a  CHEAP  remedy,  but  it  is 
a  CHEAP  cure.  Mark  the  distinc- 
tion! There  are  a  thousand  rem- 
edies to  one  cure.  This  is  a 
cure.  It  costs  $2  a  bottle  and  is 
worth  $20  to  any  sufferer.  Sold 
only  by  our  authorized  agents  or 
direct  by  us.  We  wil  send  pre- 
paid for  $2.00. 


Write  for  booklet.Agents  wanted. 


MAGIC  CURE  CO. 

358  Dearborn  Street,       Chicasjo. 


Are  You  Looking  for  a  Home? 

No  farmer  should  think  of  buying  land 
before  seeing  a  copy  uf  THE  FARM  AND 
REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAL.  It  contains 
the  largest  list  of  lands  for  sale  of  any 
paper  published  in  Iowa.  Reaches  30,000 
readers  each  issue,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
advertising  mediums  to  reach  the  farmen 
and  the  Home-Seekers  that  you  can  ad 
vertise  in.  For  75c.  we  will  mail  yo(u  the, 
Journal  for  1  year,  or  for  ten  cents 
silver  or  stamps  we  will  send  you  th« 
Journal  2  months  on  trial.     Address, 

Farm  and  Real  Estate  Journal, 

TRABR,  TAMA  CO.,   IOWA. 
10-tf. 


Strawberries. 

Young,  healthy,  fresh,  vigc 
ous  stock  in  prime  condition  f 
spring  planting. 

All 

Leading 

Varieties 

Write  for  prices  and  terms. 

MONROE    STRAWBERRY    Ol 

Box  66  MONROE,  MICH 


i 


HeadQuarters  ^r  Bce-Supplie 


^Complete  Stock  for  1905  Now  on  Hand 

Freiii lit  rates  from  Cini-imirtli  :iri'  tlie  lowest— fspecially  tor  tlie  South. 

Prompt  Service  is  What  I  Practice.        Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 

^■|lll    will   ?avi-    moni'V    hu.viiiu!    frdui    iiie,  Ciitaloj;   mailed    free. 

HONEY    AND    BEESWAX    WANTED     PAY   CASH  ON  DELIVERY 

VKrPPt\(^r   nf  OllPPnc   *  Gulden  Italian,   Red  Clover  and  Carniolaus— 
Ui  ctu^i    ui   yu^^lis  -,  |Y,j  prices  refer  to  my  catalog. 


Office  and  Salesrooms— 2146-48  Central  Ave. 
Warehouses — Freeman  and  Central  Aves. 


CRm.meber. 


CINCINNA 
OHIO. 


j.GENTS  Wanted  "waThTng'iviachines. 

You  can  double  your  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

dl  they  sell  easily.     We  have  sold  over   150,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years.      They 
i'  cheaper  than  ever.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co. ,    Jamestown,  N.Y. 


»^^  *-. 


The  Iowa 

Horticultural 

Paper. 

Monthly, 
50  cents 
per  year. 

It  is  unique, 
planned  on 
original  lines. 

You  cannot 
be  up-to-date 
1  ruit  growing  unless  you  read  it. 

lalaiice  of   this   year  free  to  new 
.iscribers. 

THE  FRUITMAN, 
u  Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa. 


^^HLRU^^U^ 


\i\ve«c  «'mvct_«uvAe«»  anA 
^tWvv  4toW»jn>^  Ate  vc»v(  y»o\kVftbVe,- 


BARNES' 

Foot  Power  Machinery, 

This  cut  represents  our 
Combined  Machine,  whick 
is  the  best  machine  made 
for  use  in  the  construction 
of  Hives,  Sections,  Boxes, 
etc.  Sent  on  trial.  Send  for 
Catalogue  and  Price  List. 
W.  F.  &  J.  BARNES  CO., 
913   Ruby  St.,   Rockford.lU. 


50    YEARS' 
PERiENCE 


Trade  Marks 

D^CIGNS 

Copyrights  &c. 

Anyone  sending  a  sketch  and  description  may 
quickly  ascertain  our  opinion  free  whether  an 
invention  is  probably  patentable.  Communica- 
tions strictly  confidential.  Handbook  on  Patents 
sent  irec.  oldest  pgency  for  securing  patents. 

Patents  taken  through  Munn  &  Co.  receive 
special  notice,  without  charge,  in  the 


A  handsomely  illustrated  weekly.  Largest  cir- 
culation of  any  scientific  .iournal.  Terms,  $3  a 
year;  four  months,  $1.    Sold  tyall  newsdealers. 

MUNN  iCc^eiB-^-'way,  New  York 

Branch  OflHce.  625  F  St..  Washington,  D.  0. 

m  SOUTHERN  FARMER ' 

ATHENS,  GA. 

Subscription,  ....  50  Cents  a  TeMr. 


Published  t2ie  First  of  Every  Moath 

and    Circulates    in    Every 

Soutbern    State. 


.\T)vi:rtising  rates  on  appli- 
cation. 


National  Bee<- Keepers'  Association, 

The  largest  bee-keepers'  society   in  the 
world. 

Organized    to  protect    and  promote   the 
interests  of  its  members. 

Membership  Pee,  $1.00  a  Year. 

N.E.  FRANCE,  Platteville,  Wig., 

General  Manager  and  Treasurei 


ABooa 
Fof 


MtrrKeer'T!! 


flow  we  make  our  hens  pay  400 
per  cent,  profit,  new  system,  our 
own  method,  fully  explained  in 
our  Ilhtgtrated  Poultry  Book,  which  contains 
Poultry  Keeperc'  Acc't  and  Egg  Record  showing 
gains  or  losses  eve:'  month  for  one  year.  Worth  25 
cts,  sent  to  you  for  lie.  If  you  will  send  names  of  5 
poultry  keepers  withyoiu: order.  Address, 
6.  (9.  VIBBERT.  P.B.  56.  Cllntonville.  Conn. 


PROMPTNESS 


At  this  season  of  the  year  the  liee  keepers  need  supplies.  It's  impc 
ant.  In  the  Northern  States  it  will.soon  be  .swarniing-  time  and  the  hoii 
flow.  AVe  have  reduced,  for  bee-keepers,  time  between  mailing  of  order  a 
leceipt  of  goods.  With  10  branches  and  hundreds  of  agencio.s  in  all  the  pr, 
cipal  bee  and  railroad  centers.  Root's  Goods  aro  in  easy  reach  of  every  h 
keeper  with  the  least  expense  in  fieiglit  charges  and  time  in  transit  with  f 
stocks  oif  goods  and  trained  helpers  your  order  has  the  best  possible 
tention.     Don't  delay  another  day  in  placing  your  order! 


A  B  C  OF  BEE-CULTUR 

One  Hundredth  Thousand 

The    bee-keeper  who  fails  to  have  a  copy  of  the' 
B    C   of  Bee  Culture  in  his  library  is  failing  to  ' 
up  to  his  opportunities,  in  keeping  posted  on  bee 
ture.     The  price  is  no  'Oibstacle  for  it  will  more  tl 
pay  for  itself  in  saving  exi)ei>^ive  mistakes  and  i 
worth  twice  w'lat   is   asked   for   it.      Written   in 
cyclopedic  style  which  makes  it  an  index  by  itseUj 
that  any  part  can   be   instantly    found.      If  you  li 
lieen     keepiiig  bees  all  your  life  the  book  is  a  si  | 
house  from  which  you  can  gather  much  help  anc 
yoiu  are  a  beginner   it   i,s   simply    invaluable, 
book  is  printed  on   the  pest   paper   and   profusely  | 
Jnstrated.      Ov  'v   500  double   column   pages.        V 
m.20  po^st  paid. 


S        E 


C 


ri^ 


O       IV 


Our  sections  are  the  leaders.     Having   an    investment   of   thousands  | 
dollars  in  special  automatic  machinery  we  are  able  to  turn  out  a  proiduct, 
for   quality,    finish,   workmanship   and  accuracy  cannioit     be     excelled, 
sections  are  polished  in  a  double  surface  sanding  machine,  and  the  resulj 
uniform  quality  and  the  same  absolute  thickness  from  end  to  end.     Our 
tions  are  made  from  the  choicest,  clearbasswood  lumber    free    froim    deff j 
Full  stock  in  all  branches  and  agencies.     For  prompt  shipment  try  KG  I 


THE  A.  L  ROOT  COMPAN 


MEDINA,   OHIO 


BRANCHES: 
Chicago,    111.,    144    East    Erie    Street. 
Philadelphia,   Pa.,   10  Vine  Street. 
New  York  City,  N.  Y.,  44  Vesey  Street. 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  1635  W.  Genesee  Street. 
Mechanic   Falls^    Maine. 


BRANCHES: 
St.   Paul,   Minn.,  1024  Mississippi  Street. 
San  Antonio,  Texas,  1322  So.  Flores  StreeJ 
Washington,  D.  C,  1100  Maryland  Ave., 
Havana,   Cuba,  Obrapia  14. 
Kingston,   Jamaica,  115  Water  Lane. 


Entf'i'cd  ;i)  flK>  Postoffire,  Fort  Pieix-o,   l''l;i.,   jis   sccoiuI-cImss   mnttei 


Homes  in 

Old  Virginia. 

It  is  gradually  broughl  Lo  li^hi 
that  the  Civil  war  has  made  ^rcai 
changes,  freed  the  slaves,  uuJ  in 
consequence  has  made  thc^  large 
land  owners  poor  and  finally  freed 
the  land  from  the  original  owner.^ 
who  would  not  sell  until  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  There  are  some 
of  the  finest  lands  in  the  market  at 
very  low  prices,  lands  that  product 
all  kinds  of  crops,  grasses,  fruits, 
and  berries;  fine  for  stock.  You 
find  green  truck  patcheb,  such  as 
cabbage,  turnips,  lettuce,  kale, 
spinach,  etc.,  growing  all  the  win- 
ter. The  climate  is  the  best  all  the 
year  around  to  be  found,  not  too 
cold  nor  too  warm.  Good  water. 
Healthy.  Railroads  running  in 
every  direction.  If  you  desire  to 
know  all  about  Virginia  send  10c. 
for   three    months    subscription    of 

the   VIRGINIA   FARMER  to 

Farmer  Co.,  Emporia,  Va. 

THE  BEST  PRINTED  PAPER 


THE  NEBRASKA  FARM  JOURNAI 
A  monthly  journal  devoted  to  agri 
cultural  interests.  Largest  circulatio* 
of  any  agricultural  paper  in  the  west 
It  circulates  is  Missouri,  Kansas,  Nie 
braska,  Iowa  and  Colorado. 

C.  A.  DOUGLASS, 
Itf  Lincoln,  Neb.' 


THE  DIXIE  HOME  MAGAZINI 

10c  a  year.  Largest.Brightest  and  Finest  lllustrah 
Magazine  in  the  World  for  10c  a  year,  to  into* 
duce  it  only. 

It  is  bright  and  up-to-date.  Tel! 
all  about  Southern  Home  Life.  It 
full  of  fine  engravings  of  grand  scei 
ery,  buildings  and  famous  peopl 
Send  at  once.  10c.  a  year  postpa; 
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Money  back  if  not  delighted.  Stam 
taken.    Cut  this  out.    Send  today. 

THE  DIXIE   HOME, 

1005,  Birmingbam,  Ala. 
When  writing,  mention  the  Am.  BeeKeeper. 


r»  •         K «  •  One  year  free 

Big  Magazine  rn  ^^ 

prefer  it  to  Harper's.  Munsey's,  Ladies'  He 
Journal  or  McClure's.  Send  10  cents  to  h 
pay  postage.  AMERICAN  STORIES,  Dept. 
D.,"  Grand  Rapids,  Mi  h 


^  >    IN  FLORIDA  jt  ^ 


Located  in  the  Heart  of  the  Cel- 
ebrated Pineapple  Belt  and  sur- 
rounded by  many  of  the  'finest 
orange  groves  on  the  Indian  Riv- 
er. Fort  Pierce  is  the  largest  and 
most  important  town  in  Brevard 
county  and 

The  FORT  PIERCE  NEWS 


is  the  best  paper  in  the  county 
and  the  best  weekly  in  Florida. 
It  contains  reliable  information 
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Only  $1.00  a  year.  Write  for 
sample  copy.  **• 

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A  vest  pocket  Map  of  your  StjW 

New  issue.  These  maps  show 
the  Counties,  in  seven  colors, 
railroads,  postoffices — and  ma 
towns  not  given  in  the  pos' 
guide — rivers,  lakes  and  mot 
tains,  with  index  and  popu 
tion  of  counties,  cities  and  tow: 
Census — it  gives  all  ofificial> 
turns.  We  will  send. you  pc 
paid  any  state  map  you  wish 

25  cents  (silver.) 
JOHN  W.  HANN,' 
Wauneta,  Net 


Bee    Hives 
Sections 


EVERYTHING 

THAT  IS  USED  BY  BEE-KEEPERS  CAN  BE 
PROCURED  OF  US  AS  CHEAPLY 'AS  ANY- 
WHERE, AND  WE  KNOW. 

Our  Goods  are  Superior 

BOTH  IN  MATERIALS    AND    WORKMAN- 
SHIP TO  THOSE  OF  ANY  COMPETITOR. 

One  Trial   Will   Convince   You 

THAT'S  ALL  WE  ASK.  WE  KNOW  YOU 
WILL  NEVER  BUY  OF  ANYBODY  ELSE. 

Our  new  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list  is  now 
ready.  Send  for  one  on  a  postal  card. 

The  W.  T. 
FALCONER  JVIAJMFG.  CO., 

JAMESTOWN,  N.  Y. 


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DES  MOINES,  IOWA 


SPRINGFIELD,  OHIO 


Imported    Carniolan     Queens. 

A  limited  number  of  choice  IMPORTED  CAR- 
NIOLAN QUEENS  will  be  disposed  of  during 
July  and  succeeding  months.  I  shall  be  in  Car- 
niola  during  July  making  these  shipments,  which 
will  be  distributed  from  Washington,  D.  C.  Price 
Select  Imported  Queen  $4.00.  Write  for  rates  for 
three  queens  or  more.     Address,  July  5 

RALPH  BENTON,  925  N  St.  N.  W„  Washington,  D.  C. 


BARNES' 

Foot  Power  Machinery, 

This  cut  represents  our 
Combined  Machine,  wbicfa 
is  the  best  machine  made 
for  use  in  the  construction 
of  Hives,  Sections,  Boxes, 
etc.  Sent  on  trial.  Send  for 
Catalogue  and  Price  List. 
VV.  F.  &  J.  BARNES  CO.. 
913   Ruby   St.,   Rockford.Hl 


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cent  a  word;  sample  magazi 
and  particulars  for  stamp. 

THE  MONTHLY 

2126  Brainard  St.,       New  Orleans, 

f 


AUSTRALIANS. 

NOTE  the  address— 

Pender  Bros., 

WEST  MAITLAND, 
New  South  Wales,        Australia. 


I  The  largest  manufacturers  of    Beekeepers' 
I  Supplies  in  the  Southern  Hemisphere, 
land    publishers    of   the    AUSTRALASIAN 
JBEEKEEPER,    the  leading  bee  journal  south 
lof  the  equator. 

ISampIe  copy  And  64-pftge  cataloeue.  FREE 

tj-tr 


20  per  cent.  Profit 

Pineapples,  Oranges,  Qrape  Fruit 

ake    a    Specialty    for    Non-Resident    Owners 
and  Intending  Settlers  in  the 

ively    Lake  Region   of  South    Florida. 

10  er  cent,  annual  return  on  investment. 
Pure  air,  pure  water,  no  mosquitoes.  High 
le  and  oak  land,  bordered  by  fresh  water 
:es,  suited  to  all  citrus  fruits  and  pineapples. 
od  title.  Time  payments.  Address  for  de- 
iptive  matter,  W.  E.  Pabor,  Manager  Pa- 
r    Lake    Pineries,    Avon    Park,    Fla.  tf 


..teot  Wired  Comb  FonDdatton 

has  no  sag  in  brood  frames. 

'  in  Flat  Bottom  FoQidatioi 

has  no   Fish-bone  in   Surplus  Honey, 
ieing    the    cleanest    is    usually    worked    the 
c  ckest    of    any    foundation    made.      The    talk 
J'Ut  wiring  frames  seems  absurd.  We  furnish 
jiVired    Foundation    that   is    Better,    Cheaper 
si   not   half  the  trouble   to   use   that   it   is  to 
'  e    brood    frames, 
irculars    and    sample    free. 
J.   VAN  DEUSEN    £  SONS, 
Sole    Manufacturers 
?)ntgomery  Co.,  Sprout  Brook,  N.  1. 


Real  Estate  Wanted 


% 


To  supply  the  wants  of  Cash  Buyers  every- 
where. Their  names  and  addresses  are 
given  in  full  each  month  in  our  clean,  in- 
teresting family  magazine.  Sample  copy 
.25,    which    will   be   deducted   from   yearly 

I  subscription  price  of  |1.  if  you  choose  to  sub- 
scribe.    The  first  issue  may  find  you  a  buyer 

I  and  save  you  a  middleman's  commission. 


I 


lO.S,  Real  Estate  Journal 


131      W.  Brighton  Ave.,  Syeacuse,  N.  T, 


^ 


CAVEATS,  TRADE  MARKS, 
COPYRIGHTS  AND  DESIGNS. 

I  Send  your  business  direct  to  Washington,  < 
saves  time,  costs  less,  better  service. 

My  office  close  to  TJ.  S.  Patent  Office.  FREE  prellmln- 
'  ary  examinations  made.  Atty's  fee  not  due  until  patent  i 
I  is  secured.  PERSONAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN— 19  YEARS  < 
[  ACTUAL  EXPERIENCE.  Book  "How  to  obtain  Patents,"  < 
^etc.  Bent  free.  Patents  procured  through  E.  G.  Siggers  ' 
(receive   special    notice,    without   charge,    in    the] 

INVENTIVE    AGE 

(illustrated  monthly — Eleventh  year — terms,  $1.  a  year. ' 


918  FSt..  N.  W,, 
washington,  d.  c. 


E.G.8IGGERS, 


H'  Tf  If,  eingha: 
_  ^     has    made   all    tlie   im- 

/  provementd  in 

Bee  Smokers  and 
Honey  Knives 

made  in  ilie   last  20   years,  undowljtodly 
he  makes  the  best  on  earth. 

Smoke  Engine.    4  inch  stove,   none  too  largt    sent 
postpaid,  per  mail ..J;i  50 

3!^  inch i.io 

Knife,  80  cents.  3  inch I.OO 

2U  inch 90 

r.  F.Bingham,  ?'."':'\„--- :■•    •'■o 

Farwell,  Mich.       L.ttle^Vonder,  2.n.     .65 


PHOTOGRAPHS 

Scenic  Productions  and  NOVEL 
DESIGNS  are  our  specialties 
Many  Northern  Publishers  are 
using  our  half-tone  copy.  Most 
extensive  publishers  of  Florida 
views  on  the  Florida  Coast. 


$  Florida 

^    Fort  Pierce 


Photographic    Concern,  g 
Florida.  S 


I  SELL 


Honey,  Bees,  Land  and  Lumber 


THOS.  WORTHINOTON. 


LEOTA,  MISS. 


STANDARD   BRED  QUEENS. 

BUCKEYE    STRAIN    RED    CLOVER,        GOLDEN    ITALIANS 
By  Return  Mull.      Safa  Arrival  Guarantaad. 

PR.IOS1S.  ONc  SIX  Twci 

Untastad        ^  -     SO. 75  ,S4.00  ST. 

Salact  Untastad 1.00      .        5.00   .  9 

Tastad  1.50  8  00  15. 

Saiact  Taatad  .2.00  10  00  18. 

Salact  Braadars,  aaeh ■  S3-00 

Two-frama  Nucleus  and  Rad  Clovar  Quean 3.00 

THE  FRED  W.MUTH  CO., 

No.  51  WALNUT  ST.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 


QUEENS  AND  BEES 

Have  you  ever  tried,  my  queens?  If  not,  I  should  be  glad  to 
have  vou  do  so,  as  they  ar  e  as  GOOD  AS  MONEY  CAN  BUY, 
AND  I  GUARANTEE  PE  RFECT  SATISFACTION. 

I  have  three-banded  It  alians,  Goldens,  Cyprians,  Carniolans, 
Holy  Lands  and  Albinos.  Untested  of  either  race,  75  cents  each. 
Tested,  $1.50  each.  Breeders,  $3.00.  Contracts  made  for  large 
orders.     TVo-framed  nuclei  a  specialty. 

B.   H.  STANLEY,  BEEVILLE,  TEXAS. 
l-5tf 


AHEAD  OF  SHOOK-SWARMINU 


The  Miircli  Review  is  iiow  in  process  of  pre- 
paration, and  will  be  out  about  the  middle  of 
tlie  month.  One  article  in  this  issue  will  be 
by  H.  O  SibbHld  of  Canada,  and  he  will  des- 
cribe a  new  system  of  management  that  prom- 
ises to  be  away  ahead  of  shook-swarming. 
It  has  these  Md vantages:  No  shaking  of  the 
bees;  no  handling  of  the  brood;  no  possibility 
of  the  c|ueen  being  in  the  wrong  hive;  no  dan- 
ger of  after-swarming;  no  increase  unless 
desired  (  but  easy  to  secure  if  wanted  );  no 
queen  cells  to  hunt  up  ai.d  destroy;  yet  the 
whole  force  of  bees  may  be  kept  together  the 
whole  season,  and  each  colony  may  be  re- 
queened  with  a  queen  from  a  naturally  built 
cell. 


This  is  only  a  single  article  in  one  issue  r 
the  Review,  but  it  is  a  fair  sample  of  what  yo 
aie  losing  if  you  don't  read  the  Review,  and  c 
what  you  wiil  gain  if  you  read  it.  Send81.( 
for  the  Review  for  1905;  Or  if  you  prefer,  yo 
can  send  ten  cents,  and  when  the  March  issuj, 
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Quring  the  year 


W.  Z.  Hutchinson, 

Flint,  Michl 


Vol.  XV 


JULY,    1905. 


No.  7 


I& 


Mcnepsucl?lee. 


i 


'I 


|[^E  TWINE  with  myriad  blooms 
^       The  pillared  portico; 
Ye  scent  with  rare  perfumes 
The  airs  that  round  me  blow. 

Sweet  darlings  of  July. 

The  droning  honey  bee, 
The  moth   and  butterfly, 

All  come  a-wooing  ye. 

And,  a  capricious  lover 
The  brilliant  humming  bird. 

Doth  sip  and  hum  and  hover, 
And  flit  as  soon  as  heard. 

Here  in  these  honied  hours 
I  lounge  and  dream,  at  ease, 

Of  elflands  fabled  bowers 
And  the  Hesperides. 

— Selected. 


130  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  July, 

A  SEARCH  FOR  FOREIGN  RACES  OF  BEES 


And  Valuable  Honey-Producing  Plants — The  Giant  Bees  of  the  East^ 
Megapis  Dorsata  and  Megapis  Zonata* 


Editor  Amei'ican  Bee-Keeper: 

THE  plans  whicji  I  have  proposed 
at  various  times  to  the  JDepart- 
ment  of  Agriculture  looking  to 
the  securing  of  the  large  bees  of  the 
East,  have  finally  been  put  in  such 
shape  as  to  be  acceptable  to  the  De- 
partment, and  I  am  about  to  under- 
take the  investigation  of  these  bees 
as  to  the  pos-sibility  of  their  domesti- 
cation and  ntilization  in  some  part 
of  this  country,  or  at  least  to  settle 
if  possible  the  question  as  to  whether 
they  are  of  any  value  v^'hatever. 

Incidentally  in  connection  with  this 
work  there  are  other  things  which 
may  likewise  be  undertaken,  such  as 
the  procuring  of  select  queens  of  var- 
ious European  races.  Italians.  Carni- 
olans,  Dalmatians,  and  Banater  bees 
from  Hungary.  Then  a  good  supply  of 
the  gentle  Caucasians  will  be  forward- 
ed direct  from  the  Caucasus  to  the  De- 
partment for  use  in  breeding  these 
bees  in  the  Department  apiary  and  al- 
so to  be  tested  at  various  state  ex- 
periment stations.  Eastward  from  the 
Caspian  sea  in  the  province  of  Trans- 
caspia  and  along  the  caravan  i-oute 
through  Afghanistan  and  on  through 
all  of  northern  India  there  are  num- 
erous races,  and  even  distinct  species, 
of  honey  bees  that  are  certain  to  prove 
of  gi-eat  interest  and  very  possibly  of 
much  value. 

Thei'e  are  also  possibilities  in  the 
way  of  honey-producing  plants  which 
may  also  have  great  economic  value 
in  othei;  directions. 

From  Calcutta  I  shall  proceed  by 
Avater,  stopping  only  at  Singapore,  to 
Manila,  and  -shall  spend  some  time  in 
diffei-ent  portions  of  the  Philippine  Is- 
lands learning  all  I  can  of  the  bees  in- 
digenous to  that  great  archipelago. 
The  large  bees  will  of  course  be 
brought  under  actual  test  and  observa- 
tion before  any  are  shipped  away.  If 
deemed  advisable  both  colonies  and 
queens  will  eventually  be  forwarded 
by  way  of  the  Pacific  to  California. 

It  will  afford  me  pleasure  to  fu-nish 
from   time   to   time   some   account   of 


the  progress  which  I  am  making  ijii 
connection  with  this  undertaking.  The 
journey  will  be  begun  .Tune  3,  on 
which  date  I  sail  by  the  Amcn'icaii 
line  S.  S.  "Merlon"  for  Liverpool,  gO' 
ing  immediately  after  landing  there  to 
London,  and  thence  after  a  -short  delay 
only  to  Paris,  and  southeastvvard 
through  Germany,  Switzerland,  Iti)ly, 
and  on  to  Constantinople  by  way  oi 
Vienna.  A  number  of  apiarian  es- 
tablishments, as  well  as  the  publica- 
tion offices  of  some  of  the  bee  jouriiars 
of  Europe,  will  be  visited  on  1hi« 
.iotirney.  After  these  pleasant  diver 
sions  on  the  way,  the  dash  eastwarc 
through  the  \>ald  regions  of  tlie  Cau 
casus,  Ti-ans-caspia,  and  Afguanistai 
will  take  two  months  or  more,  aui 
nearly  an  equal  length,  of  time  wil 
be  given  to  the  investigation  In  lu 
dia,  and  a  still  longer  time  to  th' 
work  in  the  Philippines. 

AVith  kind  greetings,  I  rem.-ii.i, 
Yours  very  truly, 

FRANK  BENTON, 
In  Charge  of  Apicultur( 
U.     S.     Department     of     Agriculturt 

Washington,  D.  C,  May  24,  1905. 


INVERSION. 


The  Old  Plan  to  Prevent  Swarming  Again  In  Use. 

By  E.  H.   Dewey. 

MY  WORK  on  a  few  colonies  las 
season  necessitated  a  ten-mil 
drive  once  a  week  over  unfavoi 
able  hilly  roads  so  my  actual  workin 
hours  in  the  apiary  were  few. 

The  gentleman  whose  bees  I  wa 
looking  after,  purchased  a  number  o 
swarms  in  huge  boxes  early  in  th 
season  and  when  driven  out  crowde 
a  "Danz"  body.  He  purchased  a  nup 
ber  of  queens  from  many  of  the  mos 
prominent  breeders — not  high  price 
queens,  but  the  common  tested  kind- 
to  determine  the  relative  value^  o 
"long  tongues,"  "red  clover"  strain,! 
"golden"  and  "banded"  and  any  othe 
freak   catch   trade-name.      One  quee 


132 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


July, 


in  particular  showed  wonderful  re- 
sults, and  signs  of  swarming  appeared 
after  two  supers  bad  been  removed. 

I  wisbed  to  make  a  record  from  tbis 
queen  and  it  could  not  be  done  if  left 
to  tbe  coachman  or  the  gardener  who 
generally  caught  those  swarms  that 
did  not  escape. 

When  the  swarming  condition  was 
noted  there  were  several  sealed  queen 
cells  and  many  in  all  stages.  A  thun- 
der shower  was  coming  up  and  a  ten- 
mile  drive  with  several  «warms  to 
examine  made  me  think  fast,  and  I 
determined  to  try  a  scheme  that  had 
haunted  me  for  some  time.  Tbe  ten 
frames  and  tbe  followei*,  thanks  to 
tbe  accuracy  of  tbe  manufacturer,  ma- 
terially assisted  me;  fitting  tbe  Interior 
of  the  hive  "like  tbe  paper  on  the 
wall,"  I  pried  the  entire  body  free 
from  the  bottom  board  and  turned  it 
completely  over — "der  attic  where  der 
cellar  vas,"  as  Schmidt,  the  poultry- 
man,  suggested  as  he  removed  a  sting- 
er from  his  nose. 

Three  other  swarms  were  j:reated  in 
like  manner,  tbe  supers  being  replaced. 
On  my  next  visit  I  found  all  tbe  cells 
that  had  been  built  on  my  previous 
visit  bad  been  destroyed  by  tbe  bees 
with  the  exception  of  one  and  in  this 
sealed  cell  was  a  dead  queen.  How- 
ever, another  batch  of  cells  had  been 
prepared.  Tbe  supers  were  again  re- 
placed, after  the  bodies  had  been 
turned  over  again  and  tbe  following 
week  these  cells  were  destroyed.  Af- 
ter tbe  third  ti'ial  tbe  honey  flow 
stopped  for  a  time  and  I  bad  no  more 
trouble  from  these  swarms  which 
went  into  winter  quarters  loaded  with 
bees  and  honey  and  came  out  tbis 
spring  almost  as  strong. 

Some  will  say  you  may  be  able  to 
reverse  a  Danz  body  but  bow  about 
hives  with  Hoffman  frames?  My  ex- 
perience with  Hoffman  frames  inclines 
me  to  believe  that  they  would  stick 
together  if  tbe  hive  was  thrown  from 
tbe  top  of  tbe  barn. 

However,  a  channel  one-half  inch 
square  and  three  inches  long  could  be 
cut  in  the  sides  of  the  hive  and  a 
one-fourth  inch  iron  rod  passed  over 
tbe  frames.  Tbe  ends,  which  had  been 
bent  at  right  angles  to  tbe  bar,  could 
be  passed  under  a  staple  in  this  chan- 
nel and  any  kind  of  hive  be  made  to 
be  inverted. 

Gt.  Barrington,  Mass.,  Mch.  6,  1905. 


ODOR  THEORY  OUT  OF  ORDER. 


BY  ARTHUR  C.  MILLER. 

IS  ODOR  an  important  factor  in 
queen  introduction?  I  believe  not. 
Two  systems  of  queen  inti'oductlon 
are  in  use,  one  based  on  tbe  theory 
that  a  queen  when  confined  in  .a  col- 
ony for  a  sufficient  time  acquires  the 
supposed  odor  of  the  colony  and  hence 
when  liberated  is  received  as  a  part 
of  it,  and  the  other  in  which  the 
queen  is  turned  into  tbe  colony  with- 
out previous  contact  with  it.  Both 
systems  fail  at  times.  The  theory  that 
a  colony  possesses  an  individual  and 
distinctive  odor  is  an  old  one,  the  ori- 
gin of  which  is  obscure  and  proof  of 
its  truth  decidedly  wanting.  Long  ago 
apiarists  practiced  sprinkling  bees  of. 
different  colonies,  with  scented  syrup 
before  uniting  them,  and  tbe  success 
following  such  treatment  was  attribut 
ed  to  the  imparted  scent.  But  i1 
should  be  noted  that  tbe  instruction* 
always  called  for  sweetened  water 
Is  it  the  scent  or  the  sweet  thai 
operates  ? 

Another  rule  says  smoke  the  bees 
vigorously  and  a  peaceful  union  ii 
assured,  success  being  attributed  t< 
the  smoke  biding  or  overpowering  th< 
natural  odors.  Any  one  who  is  Ta 
miliar  with  the  pertinacity  and  strengtl 
of  animal  odors  will  appreciate  th' 
absurdity  of  such  claims. 

Another  rule  says  shake  the  bees  o 
both  colonies  to  be  united  into  a  hea 
before  a  hive  and  let  them  crawl  i: 
together,  the  peaceful  union  being  a1 
tributed  to  the  excitement  causing  th 
bees  to  ignore  or  fail  to  notice  alie: 
odors.  One  would  think  from  sue 
statements  that  bees  reasoned  abou 
tbe  matter.  If  an  odor  causes  one  be 
to  attack  another,  it  should  be  as  opei 
ative  when  the  bees  are  shaken  togett 
er  as  at  any  other  time. 

Bees  from  adjacent  hives  often  Ii 
termingle,  which  would  not  occur  i 
odor  played  any  important  part  i 
the  recognition  of  one  by  anothe: 
Bees  of  one  colony  not  infrequentl 
set  up  a  quiet,  systematic  stealing  froi 
one  another,  and  the  thieves  pass  fre« 
ly  and  unchallenged  in  either  hiv< 
Perhaps  odor  was  missing  or  the  bee 
were  suffering  from  bad  colds  in  th 
head.   (?) 

At  one  time  a  queen  caged  in  a 
alien   colony    for  several   days   is  a«    ^^ 


KM 


a 


1905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


133 


cepted  ou  being  released,  while  at  an- 
otlier  time  iiuder  precisely  the  same 
conditious  so  far  as  the  operator  can 
see,  the  queen  is  killed.  If  scent  is 
the  deciding  factor  this  latter  occur- 
rence should  be  rare  but  it  is  not. 
It  is  remarked  that  it  is  more  difficult 
to  give  a  queen  to  old  bees  than  to 
joung  ones.  Have,  not  the  latter 
the  ability  to  smell?  Virgin  queens 
over  three  days  old  are  said  to  be 
very  difficult  to  introduce  to  any  bees 
regardless  of  the  length  of  time  they 
are  caged  with  them.  Can  not  such 
queens  acquire  odors?  Colonies  hav- 
ing laying  workers  prove  difficult  to 
give  queens  to  by  the  caging  method. 
Have  not  such  colonies  any  odor  to 
impart? 

During  a  honey  flow  it  is  easy  to 
unite  bees  or  introduce  queens,  but 
at  other  times  these  operations  are 
difficult  of  accomplishment.  If  odor  is 
a  vital  factor  it  should  be  as  opera- 
tive under  the  first  as  under  the  eee- 
ond  condition. 

Ordinarily  a  colony  having  a  queen 
will    refuse    or   kill    a    new-comer    no 


matter  how  long  the  latter  has  been 
confined  in  the  hive,  but  under  proper 
conditions  as  many  queens  as  the  op- 
erator chooses  may  be  introduced  in- 
to a  colony  without  their  having  prev- 
iously been  in  the  hive,  and  the  bees 
will  not   molest  any  of  them. 

If  the  subject  is  carefully  studied  it 
soon  becomes  apparent  that  there  are 
too  many  exceptions  to  the  odor  theory 
to  permit  of  its  being  acceptable  as  a 
rule.  Pi-om  observation  and  from  com- 
parison of  my  work  with  other  inves- 
tigators in  the  line,  I  believe  the  kind 
of  reception  given  a  queen  depends 
primai-ily  upon  the  queen,  and  only 
secondarily  upon  the  bees. 

There  is  some,  at  present  unknown, 
cause  governing  the  relations  of  bees 
one  to  another  and  our  failure  to  dis- 
cern it  hinders  our  advance  in  apicul- 
tural  work.  The  acceptance  of  an  er- 
roneous theory  as  truth  is  worse  than 
having  no  theory  at  all,  but  the  truth 
will  be  found  if  we  all  go  to  search- 
ing for  it. 

Providence,  R.  I.,  June  14,  1905. 


SIXTY  YEARS  AMONG  THE  BEES. 


By  W.  J.  DAVIS,  Jst. 


FIFTH  LETTER— Continued  from  Page  109,  June  Number. 


WE  WILL  come  back  to  our 
stock,  which  permitted  their 
young  queen  to  quit  her  home 
for  a  bridal  trip.  She  should  com- 
mence laying  eggs  in  three  or  four 
days.  We  should  then  look  to  see 
that  all  is  right,  and  if  the  young 
queen  has  begun  to  lay.  Mark  F.  for 
fertilized,  having  previously  marked  H. 
for  hatched.  This  record  is  easily  kept 
on  a  piece  of  section,  laying  on  the 
honey  board.  On  removing  the  cap 
of  the  hive  (that  shelters  the  section 
cases)  this  record  is  readily  seen.  Q. 
1905.  H.  June  20  P.  and  the  word 
"dipt,"  is  added  when  she  is  clipped 
and  we  have  a  record  of  that  particu- 
lar hive,  so  long  as  that  queen  is  the 
head  of  that  colony.  This  seems  to  me 
to  be  all  the  apiary  register  needed. 
And  should  the  queen  be  superseded 
at  any  time,  the  fact  is  known  by  the 
queen's  wings.  And  if  stocks  are  sup- 
plied with  queen  or  queen  cells  from 


some  other  hive  that  we  think  is  very 
fine.  Mark,  for  instance,  q.  c.  (queen 
cell)  20  w.  (white)  June  15,  1905. 

The  bee  master  ought  to  know  the 
age  of  every  queen  in  his  home  apiary. 
He  ought  also  to  know  the  relative 
productiveness  of  each  stock,  and 
breed  from  only  the  best. 

I  am  sure  a  strain  of  bees  can  be 
improved  as  well  as  any  particular 
strain  of  dairy  cows.  Not  with  the 
same  certainty  but  in  less  time. 

There  are  worthless  specimens  in 
every  race  of  bees,  as  there  is  also 
in  every  breed  of  milch  cows  or  breed 
of  poultry — a  breeding  back  from  some 
remote  ancestor.  It  is  an  altogether 
mistaken  idea,  to  suppose,  that  the 
queen  bee  that  will  lay  the  most  eggs 
is  the  best  queen.  It  is  also  a  mistake 
to  suppose  that  the  largest  queens  are 
best.  I  take  it  there  is  a  normal 
size  for  a  queen  bee  that  has  not  va- 
ried in  3,000  years.    There  are  also  ab- 


134 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


July, 


normal    specimens   either   too   large   or  carrying-    of    heavy      loads;    length    of 
too  small.     An  agerl  "M.  D."  once  ran  proboscis,    enabling   the   bee    to    reach 
a  series  of  articles  in  one  of  America's  nectar   in    blc-^soms    ont    of   the  reach 
bee    papers    on    "How    to    Rear    Good  of  some  other  bees  of  the  same  apiary. 
Queen   Bees,"  which,   when   simmered        I  have  never  stretched  the  measur- 
down.   was   found   to   be   simply    this:  ing  line  upon  the  proboscis  of  a  dead 
Bigger   the  hive  the  queen    is    reareil  Lignrian,  but  I  have  lifted  hives  from 
in,    bigger      the    queen.        Bigger    the  their  stands,  and  when  I  find  one  that 
<iueen,   bigger  the  colony    around   her.  pulls   dciwn   like  lead  and  other   com. 
Bigger   the    colony,    bigger    the    honey  paratively   light,    I  must  look   into  the 
crop.     Probably  if  sufficient  years  had  cause  of  the  difference.    If  the  colonies 
been   allotted    him    if   his   theory    was  are  of  equal  strength,   workers  about 
correct,  he  would  have  had  queen  bees  the  same  age,  queens  ditto.  I  must  con. 
the  size  of  our  P.  R.  hens.     But  Baron  elude  that  there  is  excellence  in  one 
Lieawful  came  in  with  the  aid  of  gi-eat  ca-se.    and      deticieucy   in    the      other, 
science  and   the  X-rays  and   the   doc-  "Don't  be  too  hasty  in  .iudgment,  how- 
tor's  theory  hasn't  grown  much  since,  ever,  but  Avatch  such  colonies  for  the 
and  I  think  the  Baron  did  not  use  tlie  whole  season,  and  if  such   delinquent 
"umbilical  cord."  does  not   redeem  itself,      there  is  om 
My   observation     jiistifies  the     bold  law,  and  the  sentence  of   that  law  is 
statement   that    a    strain   of   Ijees   can  capital     punishment.      No      dairymar 
be  produced,  that  can  not  in  this  lati-  would    think    of    keeping    a    cow    thai 
tude   secure   even    their  winter   storeys  yielded    no    proifit.       No    poultry    mar 
in  an  average  .season,  but  will  multiply  would  keep  a  strain  of  fowk  that  lai( 
colonies  beyond   reasonable  limit.      In  eggs    but    sparingly.       We    want   mill 
truth,   excessive  increase  is  a   featxn-e  from    cow,s,    eggs    from    poultry    am 
of  insect  life.  With  the  honey  bee  all  honey    from   bee.s.      When  either  faili 
the  food  for  brood  and  adult  must  be  in    the    ob.iect    for    which    it    is    kept 
brought  in  from  without.  Some  one  has  it  is  man's  province  to  step  in  and  reg 
estimated   that    100    pounds    of    pollen  ulate    things    for    he    has    been    givei 
and  honey  are  consumed  by  a    colony  "dominion  over  the  beasts  of  the  (field 
of  bees  in  a  year.      This  would  )n-ob-  the  fowls  of  the  air  and  fishes  of  th' 
ably  be  a  hard  matter  to  demonstrate  .sea.  and  over  every  living  thing  tha 
exactly,    but   I    would   guess   the    esti-  moveth    upon   the  earth." 
mate    was       none   too    high.       Insects        In  view  of  the  progress  made  in  thi 
that    find    their   food    in    readiness    at  last  fifty  years,  as  to  the  managemen 
birth,    without     a   parent's  care,      are  of   bees   to    obtain    best   results,    som 
mercifully  kept  in  check  by  some  other  one   is   disposed  to  think  there  is  but  Hi 
kind  of  insect  or  bird,  and  honey  bees  tie  left  to  learn.     But  we  have  not  ye 
given   to  excessive  breeding  are  kept  even  got  the  language  of  the  bee. 
in    check    by   dying  off  in    winter,    or  shall   not  attempt  to  tell  how  one  be 
lack    of   stores,    in    any    latitude.       In  communicates    to  her  sisters  that   sh 


a    state   of   nature    such    monstrosities    has    found    a    hive    of    honey    a    hal  [ 
can  not  exist.     But  man  steps  in   and    mile  or  a  mile  away,  without  one  brav 


feeds  and  the  unproductive  are  allow-  defender  at  its  portals,  and  leads  thei 

ed  to  multiply.     "Don't  expect  a  large  unerringly    to    the    spot;    or    one    be 

increase    and    a    large   crop    of    honey  has    found    some    rich    nectar-yieldin 

the  same  season,"  is  an  axiom  among  flora   in  a  certain  direction,  the  whol 

bee-keepers.  colony    will   -soon    know   the   fact    an 

It    has   sometimes   happened   in   my  profit  by  the  discovery.    Or.  in  swara 

experience    that     queens    thought     in  ing  time,   how   do  they   decide    whic 

spring  to  be  good  ones  lost  their  heads  shall  go   and  which  shall  stay,   whic 

before  the  autumn  frovsts. We  talk  about  are   the  leaders,   when  a    swarm  by 

tested  and  untested  queens.    No  queen  seeming  understanding  has  decided  tBi||j 

is    fiilly    tested    until    she    is    at    least  locate  in  some  hollow  tree,  and  aft€   JM; 

one  year  old;  but  the  test,  as  applied  a    little   circling   around   to    see   if  a! 

ire  ready,  will  start  straight   for  tb 
spot  selected   by   a  few?     No  circlin 


iliij 


iren 


by  queen  breeders,  simply  means  test- 
ed as  to  her  workers  progeny,  wheth- 


er or  not   she  is  purely  mated.      But  around  then.     Every  bee  is  headed  1 

there    are    other    qualities.        For    in-  the  same  direction,  and  swift  of  foci|rii 

stance,    the    longevity     of    the   Avorker  must    he    be    that    can    follow    then   ijtej 

bees;  strength  of  wing,  that  allows  the  I  have  tried  that  little  race  myself  i 


I 


tlBT 
litlii 


L91>5. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


iiy  younger  days.  I  could  lift  my 
eet  lively  then,  but  they  always  left 
lie  behind,  trying  to  "get  the  line." 
\Ve  linow  it  is  not  the  queen  that  leads, 
"or  I  have  had  swarms  issue  from 
lives  that  I  had  removed  the  queen 
rom  several  hours  before.  How 
omes  it,  that  the  veterans  of  the  field 
;an  so  quickly  forget  their  old  home 
n  the  act  of  swarming?  I  know  some 
)f  the  old  writers  attribute  to  the  bee 
he  faculty  of  reason,  and  Dr.  Bevan 
;     luotes  some  poet  as  saying: 


.■ 


Think  not  vain  mortal  that  reserved 
for  thee 

lang   all   the  ripening    fruits  on  rea- 
son's tree, 
'en  these,   the  tiniest  tenants  of  thy 
care 

jlaim  of  that  reason  their  apportioneil 
share." 


And  to  fortify  his  position,  cites 
act  of  one  of  the  apiarists  of  long 
Lgo,  when  a  huge  snail  without  his 
hell  had  gained  admission  to  a  hive 
nd  the  bees  not  liking  his  bulky, 
limy    body,    slew    him    on    the    spat. 

Then  all  in  vain  concurrent  numbers 
strive 

;'o  heave  the  slime  girt  giant  from  the 
hive." 
The  task  being  beyond  their  united 

tre^gth  they  resort  to  the  process  of 

mbalming  their  victim  with  propolis, 

nd  they  haste  to  pour 

Thick  hardening  as  it  falls  the  flaky 
iShower 

embalmed  in  shroud  of  glue  the  mum- 
my lies, 

b    worm-s    invade,    no   foul    miasmas 
rise." 

Another  reports  that  a  huge  snail 
rith  his  hou.se  of  horn  upon  his  back 
ad  noiselessly   worked    his   way   into 

house  of  warmth  and  sweet  odors 
uring  the  stillness  and  darkness  of 
ight  and  fastened  itself  on  a  pane  of 
lass  used  for  observation  and  when 
iscovered  a  council  of  war  was  soon 

nvened  and  the  warriors  threw  their 
pears  but  they  could  not   pierce  the 

alls  of  the  enemy.  They  finally  de- 
ided  that  if  they  could  not  slay  the 
nemy  they  could  blockade  the  ports 
nd  they  stuck  propoli^s  around  the 
age  of  the  shell  and  they  had  a  pris- 
Der  for  life,  with  no  expense  for 
oard.    and   the   poet   says    a   snail   so 

eated  will  live  for  years. 


135 

"Nor  aught  avails,   but  in  his    torpid 

veins 
Year  after  year  life's  torturing  spark 

remains 
P'orever  closed  the  impenetrable  door 
He  sinks  on  death's  cold  arm  to  rise 

no  more." 

I  see  that  Arthur  C.  Miller  does  not 
take  any  stock  in  Dr.  Bevan's  story  of 
the  snail  and  propolis  and  I  am  free 
to  confess  that  I  have  never  abserved 
.lust  such  occurrences  either.  But  tEat 
is  no  evidence  but  what  somebody  has 
seen  it.  How  wonld  Bro.  Miller  like 
to  have  some  one  a  hundred  years 
hence  say  what  A.  C.  M.  said  was  no 
good?  I  think  if  a  small  pebble  was 
placed  on  the  bottom  board  of  a  hive 
and  looked  like  a  snail,  the  bees  would 
cover  it  with  propolis.  I  think  also 
that  the  snails  of  Rhode  Island  and 
Pennsylvania  know  better  than  to 
crawl  into  a  bee  hive  full  of  bees;  but 
I  don't  think  bees  show  much  reason 
when  they  resent  the  kind  act  of  the 
owner  in  trying  to  feed  them  in  the 
early  spring  time,  or  for  a  swarm  to 
leave  a  clean  nice  hive  and  flee  to 
some  old  rotten  tree  in  the  woods. 


NOTES  FROM  MISSISSIPPI. 


BY   DR.  O.  M.  BLANTON. 

FRIEND  HILL:  I  closed  last  season 
with  250  colonies  and  in  May, 
1905,  found  myself  with  236, 
which   I  consider  doing  very   well. 

I  find  that  most  of  my  losses  were 
with  my  strongest  colonies,  which 
were  almost  full  of  honey.  The  only 
cf.use  I  can  assign  is  that  the  bees 
clustered  on  the  combs  of  honey.  The 
temperature  at  one  time  was  down 
to  four  degrees  below  zero,  and  the 
spring  has  been  the  coldest  and  wet- 
test known  here  in  years,  so  that  the 
bees  have  been  able  to  gather  scarce- 
ly enough  honey  to  feed  the  young 
bees. 

Tomorrow  I  shall  commence  extract- 
ing, as  the  season  has  set  in  in  earn- 
est, from  white,  and  sweet  clover, 
corn,  elder  (not  alder)  and  swamp 
woodbine. 

For  a  bee-keeper  working  from  250 
to  500  colonies  of  bees  it  is  utterly 
impossible  to  use  the  traps  and  ti'icks 
recommended  by  the  scientific  ajiiar- 
ists,  such  as  drone-traps,  queen-ex- 
cluders,   escapes   and      tight-^fitting   or 


136 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


June, 


shallow  frames,  etc.  During  a  heavy 
honey  flow  he  needs  large  free-spac- 
ing, loose-hanging  fi-ames.  Absolute 
simplicity  in  hive  constracdon  Is  im- 
portant, as  it  tends  to  facilitate  rapid 
and  easy  manipulation.  In  the  honey 
harvest  we  must  work  rapidly  to  keep 
up  with  the  "busy  bee,"  for  if  we  let 
her  fill  the  hive  full  of  honey  she 
has  the  advantage,  and  we  lose  her 
services.  We  must  keep  ahead  of  the 
bee  by  giving  empty  combs,  in  pro- 
ducing extracted  honey. 

With  a  large  apiary,  a  bee-keeper 
needs  an  assistant  who  is  capable  of 
rearing  good  queens  and  forming 
nuclei,  which  I  am  unable  to  do  to 
any  extent. 

The  Bee-Keeper  is  strictly  cor- 
rect, page  123,  June  number,  in  re- 
gard to  "Duped  Bee-keepers."  My  ad- 
vice has  been  asked  by  novices,  but  it 
would  be  entirely  disregai'ded  as  soon 
as  some  smooth-tongued  hive  peddler 
approached  them.  More  than  a  thou- 
sand dollars  have  I  thrown  away,  dur- 
ing my  early  experience,  with  such 
characters. 

HANDLING  ROBBERS. 

As  a  means  to  prevent  robbing,  I 
use  cheesecloth.  It  is  very  cheap  and 
durable.  I  use  two  sizes — one  to  en- 
velop the  hive  when  necessary,  and 
also  one  piece  large  enough  to  lap 
over  the  front  of  the  hive,  with 
strings  at  each  corner  to  draw  the 
cloth  tight,  and,  when  necessary,  tack 
it  close  to  sides  of  hive  also.  After 
ten  or  fifteen  minutes  I  open  the  cloth 
at  the  top  to  allow  the  robbers  within 
to  escape,  and  then  close  it  again, 
repeating  the  operation  about  every 
ten  minutes  until  all  have  escaped. 
The  home  bees  are  allowed  to  enter 
at  sundown,  though  it  is  better  to 
leave  the  cloth  on  the  hive  for  24 
hours,  if  robbing  has  been  persist- 
ent. If  however,  the  cloth  was  put 
on  when  robbing  fii'st  began,  it  may 
be  removed  within  an  hour,  as  the 
colony  will  then  have  recovered  from 
their  disorganization. 

CLEANING  CAPPINGS. 

I  remove  the  cappings  from  the  de- 
capper  and  place  them  in  shallow  ves- 
sels in  shady  places  about  tlie  apiary. 
The  bees  soon  consume  all  the  honey 
and  leave  the  cappings  ready  for  the 
solar   extractor.      I   have   never   been 


troubled  by  robbers  as  a  result  of  this 
process. 

OUEENLESS  COLONIES. 
I  never  waste  time  with  a  queenlesa 
colony,  but  break  it  up,  by  giving  the 
combs  to  strong  colonies,  smoking  the 
adjoining  colony  and  removing  to  the 
stand  of  the  queenless  one,  and  shak- 
ing the  queenless  bees  on  the  ground 
in  front,  thus  converting  them 
into  honey  gatherers.  If  well 
smoked,  it  is  often  not  necessary  to 
move  the  adjoining  colony. 

SECTIONAL  HIVES. 

I  can  see  no  advantage  in  the  use- 
of  the  shallow-framed  hives,  especial- 
ly, for  extracted  honey.  More  frames 
have  to  be  handled  and  the  brood  is  . 
to  some  extent  divided  by  two  tiers 
of  shallow  frames,  causing  damage  to 
brood  in  removing.  Those  I  have  used 
are  too  small  for  our  climate,  and 
induce  frequent  swarming.  There  are 
many  good  large  frames,  but  my  pref-l 
erence  is  for  thfe  Langstroth.  For 
rapid  manipulation,  I  prefer  the  20- 
frame,  one-story  style,  and  to  remove 
the  honey  from  one  end  only  at  a  time,! 
when  extracting,  as  practiced  by 
Friend  Poppleton,  as  this  plan  does 
not  discourage  the  bees,  but  enables 
them  to  more  rapidly  ifill  the  empty 
combs. 

Greenville,  Miss.,  June  12,  1905. 


A  VISIT  TO  DR.  BLANTON. 


BY   FRED  W.  MUTH. 

I  TAKE  pleasure  in  enclosing  here- 
with a  few  photograplxs  that  were 
taken  by  me  last  summer 
vs'hile  visiting  our  mutual  friend  Dr, 
O.  M.  Blanton,  at  his  home  and  bee 
ranch  at  Greenville,  Miss.  The  doctor 
is  a  whole-souled  fellow  and  is  one  of 
the  greatest  bee  men  in  the  south.  It 
is  simply  astonishing  that  a  man, 
who  is  fast  approaching  the  fourscore 
mark,  is  so  very  ambitious,  and  es- 
pecially in  apiculture.  Last  season, 
with  the  aid  of  his  helper,  "Ike,"  he 
worked  some  350  colonies  of  bees  for 
extracted  honey. 

His  home  apiary  is  one  mile  from 
the  city  of  Greenville,  and  just  a  few 
days  ago,  we  received  a  letter  from 
him  stating  that  he  is  starting  another 
bee  yard  some  five  miles  distant  fromj 
home.  His  apiary  consists  principally; 
of  the  regular  two-story  Langstroth| 
hives,   as   well     as   the    single     story 


VIEWS  OF  DR.  BLANTON  AT  HOME  AND  IN  THE  APIARY. 
By    F.  W.  Mulh. 


138 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


July, 


twenty  frame  hives.  His  ideas  of  single 
story  hive  bee-keeping  run  in  about 
the  same  channel  as  those  of  our  friend 
Mr.    O.   O.    Poppleton. 

The  doctor's  judgment  is  fine,  and 
he  claims  that  since  he  is  spared  the 
time  and  labor  of  lifting  the  supers 
from  the  hives,  he  is  thereby  enabled 
to  work  the  bees  to  a  better  advan- 
tage. He  has  passed  that  time  in  the 
life  of  a  bee-keeper,  when  experimen- 
tal work  is  in  the  foreground,  and  now 
looks  forth  to  the  profit  that  he  may 
realize. 

In  the  drowsy  noontime,  when  the 
sun's  rays  fall  perpendicularly,  the 
doctor  may  be  seen  comfortably  re- 
clining upon  his  low  conch,  on  the 
gallery  of  his  quaint  little  'shanty,' 
cozily  equipped  Avith  all  the  comforts 
of  a  home,  and  the  ideal  spot  of  a 
bee-keeper,  with  its  complete  library 
of  bee  books,  bee  journals,  and  bee 
literature  in    general. 

The  refrigerator,  with  its  fresh, 
sweet  Jersey  milk  is  close  at  hand, 
and  never  forgotten,  for  the  doctor 
never  fails  to  replenish  his  ice  box, 
So  that  he  may  enjoy  a  cooling  and 
delightfully  refreshing  drink. 

When  his  day's  work  is  'finished,  he 
slowly  repairs  to  his  beautiful  home- 
stead, where  he  is  welcomed  by  his 
family,  including  his  hospitable  daugh- 
ter and  pretty  grand  children. 

Cincinnati,  O.,  May  16,  1905. 


THE     FOLLY      OF     "TINKERINti" 
W^ITH  BEES. 

BY  W.  W.   M'NEAL. 

BEE  CULTURE  has  always  been 
wonderfully  fascinating  to  me. 
From  my  earliest  boyhood  I  loved 
the  honey  bee.  My  father  never  kept 
bees,  but  my  maternal  grandfather 
was  obedient  to  the  call  of  the  bees. 
There  have  been  times  when  my  en- 
thusiasm received  a  crimp  or  two, 
when  bad  luck  seemed  relentless  and 
the  l)ees  stung  harder  than  ever  be- 
fore. Discouragement  weighed  heav- 
ily and  it  was  then  that  the  cold  of 
winter  came  as  a  joyful  relief  from 
bee-work.  I  would  feel  whipped  out 
and  my  one  desire  was  to  get  away 
from  everything  that  suggested  honey 
bees.  But  a  few  months  separation 
was  usually  sufficient  to  rekindle  the 
old  ardor  and  my  experience  ha-s  al- 
ways been  that  when  the  snows  melt 


irel 


jtf 


Noi 


10! 


irly 


away    and  the   buds   come  again,    my 
love  for  the  bees  blossoms  with  them, 

My  gi-eatest  mistake  with  bees  were 
the   result   of    "tinkering."      There    is 
a   va,st  amount   of  dilference  betweer 
practice    and    mere    tinkering.       It   is 
all    right    and    necessary    for    one    tc  jrt 
open  the  hives  and  work  with  the  bees  le 
to  gain  a  practical  knowledge  of  theii  iesf 
instincts;    but,  upon    the   other   hand:  le 
one  may  be  ever  tinkering  yet  nevejpol 
learning   the   habits    of   bees.       Avoic 
the    folly    of   tinkering    if   you    woulc 
succeed. 

Now  you  may  want  to  know  ho"n 
I  manage  to  gain  certain  desired  ends 
with  the  least  possible  amount  o: 
"tinkering."  Well,  to  start  with,  le 
us  assume  that  bee-keepers  are  in  th« 
business  for  what  money  they  car 
:et  out  of  it.  Whatever  lessens  thn 
cost  of  production  adds  to  the  profit 
thereof,  and  the  system  of  manage 
ment  that  gives  the  apiarist  the  great 
est  freedom  from  his  bees  is  the  ont 
that  turns  the  most  money,  as  profit 
into  his  pockets.  If  the  system  o 
management  is  one  that  makes  it  nee 
essary  to  give  the  bees  almost  cod 
stant  attention,  that  system  is  fault; 
and  should  be  discarded.  For  instance 
suppose  a  man  has  a  hundred  colonlenlid 
of  bees  and  wishes  to  produce  com'^  je 
honey.  Now  with  this  man  the  bew 
are  only  a  side  line,  his  main  voca 
tion  demanding  the  greater  part  o 
his  time.  We  will  say  that  his  bee 
are  in  eight-frame  hives  and  upon  a: 
early  examination  he  finds  nearly  al 
of  them  to  be  light  in  stores  and  va 
rying  greatly  as  to  numerical  strengtt 
How  can  he  get  those  colonies  al 
strong,  and  as  nearly  as  possible  o 
a  tmiform  strength  at  a  given  tlm 
and  do  it  the  cheapest?  Not  by  "stim 
ulating"  his  colonies  with  a  half  pin 
of  sweetened  water  every  day  regular 
for  three  weeks  or  longer  and  then  es 
changing  combs  of  brood  from  th 
stronger  for  empty  combs  froiii  th 
weaker  colonies!  It  is  hard  to  thinl 
of  a  more  fussy,  impracticable  methocl 
See  what  it  necessitates:  The  openini 
of  every  hive  evei-y  day  during  th' 
whole  of  that  time;  the  clawing  ove 
of  the  brood  combs  for  suitable  one 
for  exchanging;  the  consequent  losi 
of  much  of  the  brood  given  to  f&' 
weaker  colonies  by  their  inability  t' 
care  for  it,  and  the  attendant  dangeljjij^ 
of  starvation  near  the  close  of  th' 
feeding  season,  should  some  unlooked  ^,1 


h 


n 

It 


!Kir..  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  139 

or  evout  ciu  olV  the  daily  supijly  of  aiiaitiucnts.  I.iavc  il  llms  I'di-  a  week 
atious.  Hill  that  is  not  all.  .Many  or  ten  days  till  the  brood  .nets  a  ie;ood 
f  the  queen.;  v  rv  liable  to  be  disabled  start  towari's  maturity.  At  this  stage 
ly  being  ])inclied   between  the  (•ond)s.    of   the  ^nnie  there   will   lie   no    loss  of 

Bee-keepi  rs,  as  a  rule,  do  not  give  biood  by  exposui-e.  With  the  greatest 
roper  consideration  to  that  fact.  Tlie  ease  and  satisfaction  these  little  combs 
lore  prolific  and  largest  of  the  (lueens  of  brood  may  be  taken  from  the 
ic  the  ones  most  apt  to  be  hurt  and  •  tronger  colonies  and  given  to  the 
hese  are  the  most  valuable.  Should  weaker  ones.  Or.  during  the  middle 
he  queen  escape  the  awkwardne.ss  of  of  the  day  when  the  bees  ai*e  working 
he  operator  and  only  be  badly  fright-  well,  the  work  may  be  done  with  the 
ned,  that  may  result  in  her  being  dis-  greatest  dispatch  by  exchanging  su- 
ualified    for    practical    work.       It    is   pers.      The  smoker  should  be  used  a 

well-known  fact  that  in  the  spring  little  on  the  bees  in  the  super  after 
f  the  year  bees  often  ball  their  old  it  is  lifted  oft',  but  those  in  the  brood 
lother  queen,  upon  a  slight  disturb-  chamber  should  not  be  disturbed  in 
nee  of.  the  combs,  and  sting  her  to  either  case.  The  honey-board  should 
eath.  I'emain  intact. 

Now,  let  me  here  submit  a  plan  When  it  is  time  to  put  on  sections, 
Thereby  one  can  get  around  nearly  remove  the  supers  of  shallow  combs 
11  of  that  fussing  with  bees  and  get  and  also  the  honey-boards  and  put  the 
ome  honey  too:  Beginning  with  the  section  cases  in  their  places.  Sort 
rood  chamber,  it  should  be  of  a  ca-  over  the  shallow  combs  as  they  are 
acity  not  less  than  a  10-frame  Lang-  taken  from  the  hive  and  those  contain- 
troth  hive.  This  will  cut  out"  nearly  ing  brood  should  be  put  into  a  super 
11  of  that  stimulative  business,  for  by  themselves  with  adhering  bees, 
tie  bees  will  store  away  enough  honey  putting  two  supers  together,  thus 
1  such  a  brood  chamber  to  carry  them  forming  new  colonies, 
afely  through  to  the  time  of  the  Watch  closely  now  for  young  queens 
arly  harvest.  that  may  have  been  reared  above  the 

Whenever  it  is  found  necessary  to  excluder.  Use  them  in  your  new  col- 
eed  a  colony  to  prevent  starvation,  onies  and  don't  by  any  means  allow 
ive  it  a  sufliciency  at  once  and  be  them  to  get  l^elow  into  the  brood  cham- 
one  with  it.  Breeding  will  go  on  ber,  for  they  will  play  havoc  with  the 
lore  safely  and  smoothly  than  it  will  old  mother  queen  if  they  do.  Extract 
y  the  piece-meal  system  of  feeding,  the  honey  from  the  combs  that  contain 
Provide  a  super  of  six-inch  combs  no  brood  and  set  them  away  for  the 
3r  every  hive.     As  soon  as  the   bees  use  of  swarms. 

eed  more  room  place  these  on  the  At  swarming  time  form  a  brood 
ive.  Cover  well  with  a  piece  of  en-  chamber  out  of  an  empty  comb-honey 
mel  cloth,  something  that  sells  for  super  and  one  case  of  those  shallow 
bout  35  cents  a  yard.  Let  this  ex-  eombs.  putting  the  empty  supers  on  the 
nd  out  over  the  edges  of  super  about  bottom  board.  Leave  it  thus  for  sev- 
n  inch  or  a  little  more.  Now  put  on  en  or  eight  days  to  prevent  the 
flat  super  cover,  andT  lastly,  a  deep  svi-arms  from  absconding;  then  remove 
lescope  cover  that  will  come  well  the  empty  case  beneath.  If  you  wish, 
own  over  the  sides  of  sttper.  That  put  on  an  excluder  and  replace  the 
ill  make  it  snug  and  warm  and  the  surplus  cases.  The  queen  excluder  is 
ees  Avill  soon  take  possession.  No  not  absolutely  necessary  though  it 
atter  then  if  the  combs  in  the  brood  tends  to  keep  pollen  out  of  the  sec- 
hambers  are  flushed  with  honey.  Tbe  tions  when  the  brood  chamber  is  re- 
ees  will  carry  some  of  it  above  and  duced  in  size.  The  surplus  honey  be- 
us  make  room  for  the  queen.  ing  removed  at  the  close  of  thfe  harvest. 

This  is  a  kind  of  stimulation  that  the  swarm  is  allowed  to  occupy  the 
rorks  like  a  charm.  The  queen  soon  shalloAv  hive  till  the  opening  of  the 
)llows  the  honey  upstairs  and  you  fall  bloom.  At  that  juncture  the 
lus  get  a  rousing  big  colony  in  the  old  queens  are  removed,  the  swarms 
lost  practical  manner.  returned  to  the  parent  hives  by  plac- 

When  the  combs  in  the  super  are  ing  the  shallow  cases  on  top  of  them 
lirly  well  stocked  with  brood,  drive  as  a  t  the  beginning.  This  insures 
le  queen  below  and  slip  a  queen-ex-  good  work  on  the  fall  bloom,  at  the 
uding  honey  board  between  the  two  close  of  which  the  honey  in  the  supers 


140 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Jul] 


is  extracted  and  the  combs  stored  for 
similar  use  the  following   summer. 

Now,  don't  you  think  that  is  the 
better  way  to  work  for  honey?  The 
system  is  safe,  rapid  and  certain  in 
its  results.  There  is  no  longer  an  in- 
cessant need  of  one's  presence  in  the 
apiary.  Increase  is  kept  down  in  a 
most  efficient  manner.  There  is  lots 
of  stimulation  In  it,  for  the  jingle 
of  bee-money  in  one's  pocket  is  just 
the  kind  that  counts  at  the  tfinish. 
Don't  tinker. 

Wheelersburg,  Ohio,  May  4,   1905. 


ADAPTABILITY    REQUIRED. 


BY   F.   GREINER. 

THIS  MAY  be  considered  an  idle 
question  by  some.  Probably 
those  who  advocate  that  every 
farmer  ought  to  keep  a  few  stands  of 
bees,  would  thus  consider  it.  They 
seem  to  forget  that  comparatively  few 
are  adapted  for  the  business. 

Years  ago,  in  this  section  of  the 
country  there  were  twenty-five  bee- 
owners  to  every  one  now.  Don't  it 
pay  to  keep  bees?  Well,  yes  and  no. 
The  reason  why  so  few  now  l^eep  any 
bees  is  that  those  who  were  not  adapt- 
ed, dropped  out,  that  is  all.  It  has 
been  a  natural  weeding  out  process  of 
the  unfit. 

There  is  absolutely  no  use  of  fight- 
ing against  natiue'.s  laws,  if  a  man  is 
adapted  for  the  work  he  will  succeed. 
It  is  a<s  unreasonable  for  everybody  to 
keep  bees  as  it  would  be  to  try  and 
raise  ostrich-plumes.  It  doas  not  work! 
It  is  not  to  be  suppo-sed  that  every 
farmer  has  the  time  and  inclination 
to  post  up  on  bee  culture.  It  takes  a 
lot  of  time  to  tie  it  and  without  one 
does  understand  the  business  thorough- 
ly there  is  no  use  undertaking  it. 

There  are  a  few  small  bee-yards  left 
in  my  town,  Init  the  whole  appearance 
of  them  doas  not  inspire  confidence 
in  the  business.  Perhaps  these  yards 
consist  of  a  few  box-hives  and  two  or 
three  frame  hives  each.  The  box-hives 
look  bad,  weather-beaten,  some  in  the 
grass  by  the  ftMice.  The  frame  hives, 
once  good,  well-made  hives,  stand 
around  in  every  shape.  Some  tipped 
back,  thus  catching  the  rain,  others 
tipped  sidewi.se,  etc.  They  show  that 
the  owner  knows  nothing  about  bees. 
Who  will  e<lucate  this  man?  I  have 
in  mind  two  bee  owners  living  within 


\tk 


lislii 


four  to  five  miles  of  me  who  one 
kept  large  numbers  of  bees.  The 
once  purchased  expensive  hives  fc 
them.  But  where  are  they  today 
The  hives  lay  around  in  their  yard 
in  every  imaginable  shape.  You  ca 
find  them  in  their  hen  houses  used  a 
nests— in  the  cow  stable  as  feed  boxe 
etc.  Why?  Has  disease  made  inroad 
u])on  their  bees?  Does  it  not  pay  i 
keep  beas?  I  have  located  close  B 
their  side  and  obtained  magnificei 
crop-s. 

A  few  years  ago  I  located  an  aplai 
some  fifteen  miles  north  of  me  in 
section  where  alsike  clover  is  abuni 
ant.  Another  man  has  some  bees  bi 
a  short  distance  from  this  yard.  E 
is  an  old  hand  at  it  and  has  had  oyi 
100  colonies  at  one  time.  His  nan 
was  mentioned  in  connection  with  hfyt> 
when  I  first  came  into  this  country- 
over  thirty  years  ago.  He  has  mai 
aged  to  keep  in  bees,  to  be  sure,  bi^! 
what  are  his  crops?  He  had  at  oi 
time  last  season  taken  less  than  4« 
pounds.  When  I  took  from  a 
equal  number  over  a  ton.  I  saw  h 
honey  in  the  fall  with  a  vie" 
to  buying  it,  but  it  was  i 
very  bad  shape,  and,  althoug 
he  pretended  to  have  used  separator 
the  honey  was  not  "crateable,"  besid*  ""^ 
being  badly  infested  with  moth  larva 
He  seemed  to  be  utterly  ignorant  •< 
to  the  nature  of  the  wax-moth  ar 
asserted  that  there  was  no  possibilil 
of  these  insects  having  damaged  h 
honey,  for  he  had  kept  it  in  a  close 
room  in  his  fine  dwelling  all  the  tim 
AA'e  Avant  Mr.  Abbott  or  some  otht' 
man  to  come  and  educate  all  these  pe< 
{fie  and  put  them  in  a  shape  to  cOD 
pete  with  us  who  make  bee-keepin 
a  -specialty. 


ISdi 

iita 

111 

fta' 


m 

IS 


la] 


This  bi-ings  us  to  the  question 
What  is  a  specialist?  Some  peopl 
will  have  it.  that  only  he  is  a  specialif 
who  devotes  his  entire  time  to  apicu 
ture.  He,  who  earns  a  few  dollar 
with  his  pen,  they  intimate,  is  not 
specialist  in  bee-keeping.  He,  wh 
gi'ows  his  own  garden  -stuff  or  produce 
some  ai)i)les,  peaches,  pears,  or  phunc 
oi'  any  otlier  fruit.  i,s  not  a  specialis 
in  l)ee-keei)ing.  He,  who  kjeeps  a  C0'\ 
or  some  hens,  is  not  a  specialist  in  bee 
keeping,  etc.  Perhaps  these  people  ar 
correct.  But  let  us  view  this  matte 
from  a  standpoint  of  common  sense  i^ 
The  very  nature  of  the  pursuit  make   j 


Ifti 


1905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


141 


it  necessary  to  locate  in  the  country. 
We  can  not  all  live  in  Buffalo,  St. 
Joseph  or  some  other  city,  where  milk, 
butter,  eggs,  garden  truck  and  fruit 
can  be  had  for  little  money.  The  mOiSt 
of  us  are  compelled  to  raise  these 
things  ourselves  or  let  our  families  go 
without.  In  order  to  have  a  moral 
right  to  keep  bees  we  ought  to  own 
some  land  upon  Avhich  we  live.  This 
land  produces  pasture  for  not  only  the 
bees  but  the  cow,  the  horses,  the  poul- 
try. It  may  produce  a  little  grain, 
juckwheat,  corn,  or  some  fiiiit.  The 
pecialist  bee-keeper  must  attend  to 
hese  things.  There  is  absolutely  no 
)ther  alternative;  and  although  lie 
night  make  more  money  if  he  could 
Irop  these  other  things,  thus  enabling 
lim  to  keep  more  bees  instead,  he 
ust  don't  want  to  give  up  his  good 
lome-made  butter,  clean,  sweet,  un- 
vatered  or  chalked  milk,  fresh  eggs 
nd  plenty  of  fruit.  He,  the  specialist 
bee-keeping,  is  satisfied  with  a 
mailer  bank  account  at  the  end  of  the 
eason  for  the  sake  of  these  other  ad- 
antages.  Nevertheless,  he  is  a  spe- 
ialist  bee-keeper.  What  else  could  Be 
e  called? 

Some  men  have  the  stuff  in  them  to 

lanage    a    vei-y    large    business.       I 

now  some  farmens  who  own  several 

irms,    hundred's    of    acres,    and    can 

"  anage  them  successfully.    Some  oth- 

s  have  all  they  can  do  to  manage  50 

res  or  even  less.     It  is  a  good  deal 

with  bee-keepers.     Some  can  run  a 

rge   number  of  out-yarus   and   thus 

ake  money,   others   could   not    do  it, 

d  still  all  may  be  specialists. 

Naples,  N.  Y."  Jan.  3,  190.5. 


[E      NATIONAL      CONVENTION 

Meet  in  San  Antonio,  October  28-November  1. 

The  Inter-National  Fair  holds  its 
nual  exhibition  in  San  Antonio, 
■xas,  Oct.  2lst  to  Nov.  1st.  When 
lis  fair  is  in  progress,  there  are  very 
Iv  rates  in  force  on  the  railroads  out 
1"  <)00  or  700  miles.  Then  there  are 
lirvest  excursions  from  the  north  on 
li  2nd  and  4th  Tuesdays  of  the 
itnth.  The  4th  Tuesday  in  October 
Ones  on  the  24th.  Con-sidering  these 
f'ts,  it  has  been  decided  to  select 
Sturday,  October  28th,  as  bee-keep- 
e'  day  at  the  fair.  This  will  give 
aple  time  for  members  from  the 
>rth   to   reach   the   city   by    starting 


the  24th.  The  regular  sessions  of  the 
convention  will  begin  Monday,  October 
oOth,  and  continue  three  days. 

The  Fair  Association  has  designated 
Saturday,  Oct.  28th,  as  bee-keepers' 
day,  and  will  so  advertise  it,  and  es- 
pecial pains  will  be  taken  to  have  on 
exhibition  hives,  honey,  wax,  bees, 
and  other  apiarian  products.  At  this 
fair  will  be  on  exhibition  all  of  the 
agricultural  and  other  products  of  the 
South  and  Mexico,  and  a  visit  to  it 
will  really  be  worth  all  the  trip  will 
cost,  to  give  one  an  idea  of  the  South 
and  her  products. 

Then  the  Texas  members  propose  to 
give  a  genuine  Mexican  supper  which 
will  be  free  to  all  outside  members. 
There  will  be  Mexican  band  and 
toast-making — in  short  it  might  be  call- 
ed a  banquet.  On  Sunday  the  mem- 
bers can  attend  church  or  go  on  a 
trolley  ride  around  the  city.  Side-trips 
to  Uvalde  and  other  places  are  planned 
for  all  who  wish  to  see  the  country 
after  the  convention  is  over,  bee-keep- 
ers at  the  various  honey  centers  hav- 
ing promised  to  take  bee-keepers 
around  free  of  charge.  Texas  is  one 
of  the  greatest,  if  not  the  greatest, 
of  honey  producing  states  in  the  Union, 
and  bee-keepers  will  now  have  an  op- 
portunity to  see  her  wonderful  re- 
sources, enjoy  the  hospitalities  of  her 
people,  and  profit  by  meeting  in  con- 
vention, all  at  veiy  small  cost. 

The  headquarters  of  the  National 
Association  will  be  at  the  Bexar  hotel 
(pronounced  Baer,  long  sound  of  a), 
corner  of  Houston  and  .Jefferson 
streets,  and  rates  are  only  $1  a  day, 
and  up.  The  convention  vdll  be  held 
at  Elks'  hall,  125  W.  Commerce  street, 
only  two  blocks  from  the  Bexar  hotel. 

Everything  is  now  all  arranged  ex- 
cept the  program,  and  I  wish  that  eve- 
ry one  would  write  and  make  sugges- 
tion.s  in  regard  to  topics  and  men  to 
discuss  them.  If  you  have  no  special 
topic  that  you  wished  put  into  the 
progi'am.  you  must  surely  have  some 
question  that  you  would  like  brought 
before  the  convention.  Pour  in  the 
suggestions  and  queries,  and  let  me 
get  up  one  of  the  best  programs  that 
we  have  ever  had. 

W.    Z.   HUTCHINSON,    Sec. 


Zeal  without  knowledge  is  like  ex- 
pedition to  a  man  in  the  dark. — ^John 
Newton. 


4»M»»  »♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦  MM  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦  MM  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦  ♦♦♦♦♦♦» 


THE 


Bee -Keeping  World 


staff  Contributors  :    F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ. 

Contributions  to  this  Department  are  solicited  from  all  quarters  of  the  earth. 


^^^^^^m^^^^^^^n^^i^^^^^^^i^ii^^i^^^^^^^^^^^*^^^^* 


GERMANY. 


JUST  "CATCHING  ON." 
Hive  inventors  are"  still  at  work. 
Becker's  divisible  hive,  described  in 
Central-blatt  seems  modeled  after  the 
American  style  of  hives.  It  has  a 
brooti  chamber  and  separate  supers  for 
-tiering  up.  It  is  undoubtedly  construct- 
ed on  a  good  principle. 


SPAIN. 

The  bee-keepers  of  Barcelona  hav( 
established  in  one  of  the  public  park* 
of  the  city  an  apiary  for  the  purpoS' 
of  making  "  bee-keeping  popular,  in 
structing  the  public,  etc.  The  apiar; 
is  said  not  to  be  very  large  and  th 
honey  stored  by  the  bees  above  wha 
is  needed  for  winter  is  distribute 
among  the  hospitals. — Schl.  Holsn 
Bztg. 


SAYS  ITS  A  MYSTERY. 

Die  Bienenphlege  has  this  to  say  in 
regard  to  the  instincts  and  qualifica- 
tions the  worker-bee  possesses:  'T^t 
is  not  possible  that  the  worker  can 
inherit  mich  qual ideations  from  the 
drone  or  queen  (her  parents)  that  are 
not  also  qualifications  of  the  latter. 
The  whole  matter  is  wrapped  up  in 
mystery. 

MAY    BE    SO    IN    GERMANY. 

Reldenbach,  editor  of  the  Phalz. 
Bztg..  is  no  friend  of  contracting  the 
brood  chamber  during  the  winter  sea- 
son. He  claims  the  bees  need  plenty 
of  air  and  with  a  roomy  hive  they  are 
more  apt  to  have  it.  A  large  number 
of  combs  in  the  hive  insure  plenty  of 
.stores  and  sufficient  breeding  room  in 
the  spring.  Some  bee-keepers,  he  says, 
are  very  careful  as  to  enlarging  the 
brood  chamber  and  add  only  one  comb 
at  a  time.  This  requires  a  great  deal 
of  useless  fussing.  Bees  with  an  un- 
limited brood  chamber  breed  up  just 
as  fast  and  with  such  the  bee-keeper 
does  not  miss  it  occasionally  by  neg- 
lecting his  bees.  A  large  brood  cham- 
ber is  the  safest,  and  saves  time! 


SW^ITZERLAND. 

H.  Spuehler,  Zuerrich,  also  coudemr 
the  contracting  of  brood  chambers  an 
other  useless  fussy  practices.  B 
wants  a  large  entrance  at  all  times. 


TRIKD  AGAIN  AND  FOUND  WAN' 
ING. 

Tests  with  the  Phacelia  as  a  hon< 
plant  have  not  turned  out  favorab 
according  to  Schweiz.  Bztg.,  althou) 
the  bloom  lasted  six  weeks  and  be 
and  bumblebees  were  frequent  visitoi 
A-s  a  forage  crop  for  stock  the  pla 
also  did  not  meet  the  expectations 
the  experimenters. 


AUSTRIA. 

A  great  deal  of  complaint  is  made 
by  Austrian  bee-keepers  of  thieves  vis- 
iting their  beeyards. 


HIVE  IMPROVEMENTS. 
Kyburz  reports   an  improvement 
the  cupboard-fashioned  European  hi-? 
which  may  be  a  step  in  advance.     . 
the  reader  knows  the  combs  of  thf 
hives  are  removed  from  the  rear,  a 
in  order   to  get  at  the   last  comb 
a    hive   all   must  be  taken   out.      T 
inventor,  Weber,  has  made  the  wh< 
rabbet    movable.      Thus   he   can  .sli 
the    whole    set   of    combs    out    of   1 
hive,  Avhen  any  comb  may  be  picL 
out  as   they   can  be   out  of   open 
American   hives. — Schweiz.   Bztg. 


Emperor  Joseph  I.  is  enthusiastical- 
ly interested  in  bee  culture,  is  fre- 
quently present  at  bee-keepers'  meet- 
ings and  conducts  them. 


PREFERS  THE  SWITZER. 
Dannacher,  of  Bern,  is  very  mi 
opposed  to  the  importation  of  Cai 
olan  bees,  and  makes  the  claim  tl 
the  Switzer  native  stock  is  far  suj 
ior  to  any  Carniolan.  Tests  made  s 
bv  side  have  shown  that  the  Swit 


Hi 


bees  gave  good  yields  of  honey  when 
tbe  Carniolans  swarmed  themselves  to 
leath  and  did  not  gather  even  stores 
For  winter. — Schweitz  Bztg. 


1905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


143 


Dr.  Dzierzon  is  too  ill  to  write,  re- 
ports  Praxis  der  Bienenzucht. 


Loenst-honey    is    said   by    Grabener, 
n  Prakl.  AVewg.,  not  to  granulate. 


SEEKS  AMERICAN  CAPITAL. 
Specializing  bee-keeping  means  keep- 
ng  more  bees  to  such  an  extent  as 
pj  0  occupy  all  a  man's  time.  Again,  it 
aeaus  reducing  labor  to  a  minimum, 
he  object  being  to  make  as  much 
loney  out  of  the  business  as  is  possi- 
le. 

The  bee-keepers  of  the  world  have 

een  at  work  on  this  problem  and  are 

till  at  it.      Different     methods   have 

een  studied  out  to  accomplish  it.     Is 

le  Desideratum  still  to  be  found? 

T.  J.   Herzog,  of   Frankfurt,    claims 

ow,  in  a  private  letter,  to  have  made 

discovery  in  this  regard  which  puts 

rerything  known  in  the  shade.      He 

as  tAvo  or  more  colonies  working  to- 

ther.    He  claims  great  simplicity  for 

le  method,  saving  of  labor,   greatest 

5ssible   honey   yields   and    absolutely 

)  swarming. 

The  method  is  still  held  as  a  secret 
Mr.  Herzog.  He  would  like  to 
ive  some  American  bee-keeping  eap- 
ilist  take  hold  of  the  matter  and 
ive  it  patented. 

I  am  not  posted  on  matters  of  this 
nd  but  it  is  a  little  doubtful,  in  my 
ind,  whether  or  not  the  method  is 
itentable. 

If  Herzog's  invention  has  merit,  in 
e  interests  of  bee-keeping  it  would  be 
gootl  thing  to  have  it  made  public 
operty  somehow. 


The  queenless  part  will  rear  a  queen 
from  brood  present,  and  the  storing 
of  honey  will  go  on  uninterruptedly. 
The  result  will  be  a  larger  honey  crop 
than  if  the  colony  had  not  ))o>m  di- 
vided. The  division  may  bo  a  tem- 
porary one  or  the  two  may  be  left 
separated,  thus  doubling  the  number 
of  colonies.  If  united  at  the  close  of 
the  honey  season  the  old  queen  can 
be  removed. 


'\) 


\\ 


HAVE  THEY  DIFFERENT  ODORS? 
A  drone-breeding  colony,  if  still  pop- 
ulous, may  be  saved  and  cured  by  giv- 
ing a  queen  cell  with  a  young  larvae, 
not  a  sealed  cell.  The  former  will  al- 
ways be  accepted,  while  the  latter  will 
generally  be  destroyed,  says  Jaeckel 
in  Leipz.  Bztg. 


ROOT  WOULDN'T  ENDORSE  IT. 
It  may  be  ignorance  or  misconcep- 
tion on  the  part  of  the  bee-keepers  of 
Germany,  of  what  the  American 
"smoker"  is,  but  it  seems  same  does 
not  find  favor  with  them.  On  the 
other  hand,  they  keep  experimenting, 
trying  to  improve  what  they  have  in 
this  line.  Gerstung's  smoker,  as  the 
latest,  is  illustrated  in  Praxis  der 
Bzcht;  it  is  to  be  patented.  Of  course, 
tobacco  is  to  be  used'  in  it  as  fuel. 
Why  not  try  the  American  smoker  my 
dear  friends? 


MAY  BE  SO. 
F.  Dickel  says  in  last  number  of 
Die  Biene  that  bee-keepers,  especially 
honey-producers,  are  wasting  a  great 
deal  of  money  on  high  priced  queens, 
so-called  '"supei-ior  stock,"  "red  clover 
stock,"  etc. 


THE  DUPLEX   SYSTEM   (?) 

IM.  AVeiss  in  Leipz.  Bienenztg,  de- 
■ibes  the  following  methods  of  treat- 
honey-producing  colonies  that  are 
divisible  brood  chambers: 
'A  new  bottom-board  is  placed  close 
'side  the  colony  to  be  treated,  and 
upper  brood  chamber  is  lifted  off 
d  placed  thereupon.  Both  single 
)od  chambers  are  now  covered  with 
Ben-excluding  metal,  and  the  supers 
!  placed  upon  them  in  such  a  way 
Lt  the  bes  can  enter  from  both 
irtments.  No  attention  is  paid  to 
'  queen  at  the  time  of  separation. 


TO    PREVENT  GRANULATION. 

Extracted  honey  may  be  kept  from 
granulating  by  heating  in  a  solar  de- 
vice, and  keeping  it  in  same  for  four 
or  .five  days  immediately  or  any  time 
after  extracting,  says  Neuman  in  Cen- 

tralblatt.  

BEES      AND      BEE-KEEPING      OF 
GERMAN  EAST-AFRICA. 

The  bee  inhabiting  East-Africa  is  of 
a  vei-y  bright  yellow,  very  vicious  and 
incluined  to  swarm.  The  reporter,  M. 
Roth,  thinks  the  swarming  propensity 
is  largely  due  to  the  hot  climate,  for 
when,  perchance,  a  swarm  finds  a 
shady  and  cool  location  and  a  large 
cavity  to  fill,  they  swarm  but  little  and 
send  out  large  swarms  when  they  do 


144 

swiirni.  It  seems  to  be  not  an  uncom- 
mon thing  for  a  colony  to  desert  a 
hive  after  it  has  been  filled  with  comb 
and  broode.  It  has  many  enemies  as, 
ants,  wasps,  lice,  mice,  birds,  lizzards. 
etc.  Diseases  such  as  foul  brood  have 
not  been  noticed. 

The  natives — negroes — flnow  very  lit- 
tle else  about  bee-keeping  than  hunt- 
ing and  robbing  them.  On  account  of 
the  viciousness  of  the  bee  (rubber 
glove-s  do  not  answer  as  a  protection) 
the  natives  regard  the  be  as  "good" 
only  when  dead,  similar  to  the  Indian 
theory  in  America.  Some  times  a  log 
is  hollowed  out  and  set  up  as  a  hive 
trusting  to  luck  to  have  it  populated 
by  a  migrating  swarm.  Near  the 
coast,  where  boxes  are  procurable, 
they  are  used  for  the  same  purpose. 
The  natives  fasten  them  in  the  tree 
tops,  covering  them  with  hides  to  keep 
them  cool. 

In  rendering  the  honey  excessive 
neatness  is  not  practical  shrdletaoin 
neatness  is  not  practiced  and  brood 
honey  and  all  go  into  a  kettle,  is  heat- 
ed up  and  strained  through  a  cloth.— 
Bienen-Vater. 


BELGIUM. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


July 


WATERING  BEES, 
Sometimes  in  the  spring  of  the  yeai 
bees  have  to  go  to  some  distance 
get  the  water  necessary  to  dilute  th 
old  honey  and  pollen  to  feed  the  brooc 
Often  they  go  out  in  too  cold  weathe 
or  have  to  go  too  far,  or  the  wate 
obtained  may  be  quite  cold.  And  tb 
result  is.  a  number  of  bees  get  chille 
and  never  return. 

In  discussing  the  best  means  1 
avoid  such  loss  and  provide  the  nece 
sary  water,  Mr.  Dricot  advises  feedlr 
a  sufficient  quantity  of  thin  syrup  s 
early  as  possible.  Later  it  may  I 
advisable,  if  the  apiary  is  too  far  fro 
suitable  water  to  place  some  wat 
at  the  disposition  of  the  bees.  Tl 
best  way  is  to  put  the  water  in 
sunny  place,  and  in  any  convenie 
vessel  as  wide  as  possible.  Soe 
clean  moss  is  placed  in  the  vessel 
afford  the  bees  a  foothold.  In  fee 
ing  inside,  the  moss  might  be  replac 
hv  a  big  coarse  sponge. 


II 


lii', 


to 
If 
s;  i 
iln 
litrt 


DRONES    FROM    VIRGIN   QUEENS. 

An  experiment  was  made  by  a  Swiss 
correspondent  to  find  out  if  the  drones 
from  virgin  queens  are  virile. 

On  February  24th,  a  colony  having 
quite  an  amount  of  brood  was  un- 
queened.  In  due  time  several  queens 
emerged  and  only  one  was  kept.  A 
queen-excluder  was  placed  at  the  en- 
trance and  four  drone  combs  intro- 
duced in  the  brood  nest.  The  colony 
was  well  fed  all  the  time.  During 
five  weeks  that  queen  made  _the  most 
desperate  efforts  to  get  out  but  with- 
out success;  and  finally  gave  it  up, 
and  began  to  lay  in  the  drone  combs. 
The  15th  of  May  these  combs,  which 
were  full  of  sealed  brood,  were  dis- 
tributed in  three  nuclei.  Enough  bees 
and  one  sealed  queen  cell  were  added 
to  each  nucleus.  The  three  nuclei 
were  transported  in  a  deep  uninhabit- 
ed valley  in  the  mountains  where  no 
drones  from  anywhere  else  could  get. 
In  due  time  the  three  cells  hatched 
out,  the  queens  were  mated  and  proved 
to  be  as  good  as  any. 


HIVING  SWARMS. 

Mr.    Petit,   president  of  one  of  t 
apicultural  societies  of   France,  is 
,so  a  lecturer  on  apicultural   subjec 
and  whenever  he  can  he  illustrates  ^ 
subjects  by  actual  experiments.     C|- 
of  his  favorite  tricks  is  to  hive  swar 
with  his  bare  arm.      The  sleeves  ; 
turned  up  a-s  far  as  possible  near  i  ^ 
shoulder  and  as  tight  as  possible 
that  no  bee  may  get  pinched  betw« 
the    sleeves   and    the    skin.      He   tl 
pushes  his  arm  into  the  middle  of    . 
cluster  as   far  as  possible.      With 
other  hand  he  smokes  the  bees   v 
slightly  from  the  limbs  of  the  tree 
his  arm.      In  ten  minutes  the  swa 
is   settled   on    his   arm   and   he  wa 
aro\ind    with    it   until    he   is   ready 
shake  it  into  a   hive. 


IE 


nitl 


STARVED  OR  FROZEN. 
One  spring  Mr.  Arnold  found  a 
ony  of  bees  dead,  or  apparently 
Starved,  of  couse  (?)  since  no  ho: 
was  in  the  hive.  He  left  the  hive  o; 
and  exposed  to  the  sun,  it  was  a  wi 
day.  and  went  to  work  at  sometb 
else  thinking  the  bees  dead.  A  li 
later,  passing  by,  he  noticed  some  ai 
of  life,  here  a  leg  slowly  stretch; 
their  some  wings  trembling  or  s< 
antennae  moving.  Immediately  s< 
warm  syrups  was  prepared  and 
colony   saved. 


«M 


"HI"). 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


THE 


Linerican  Bee=Keeper 


PUBLISHED   MONTHLY. 

tHE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MANFG. 

Proprietors. 


CO. 


IBLISHING  OFFICE, 
IME  OFFICE.     -      - 


Fort  Pierce  Fla. 
Falconer,  N.  Y. 


IRRY  E.  HILL,       - 
/THUR  C.    MILLER, 


-     -    -    -    Editor 
Associate  Edit07- 


145 

it  is  difficult  to  foretell  the  extent  of 
the  season's  crop  of  honey.  Bees  are 
«aid  to  be  in  good  condition. 

"Let  the  bee-keeper  bear  in  mind 
that  no  instructions,  however  complete, 
can  take  the  place  of  private  judgment. 
He  must  use  his  own  intelligence  and 
adapt  the  details  of  his  methods  to  the 
exact  conditions  under  which  he 
works."— r.  J.  Crowe,  Irish  Bee  Jour- 
nal. 


Terms. 

, 'ifty  cents  a  year  in  advance ;  2  copies  85 

Its;    3   copies  $1.20;   all'  to   be   sent   to   one 

itoffice. 

•ostage  prepaid   in    the   United   States   and 

nada;  10  cents  extra  to  all  countries  in  the 

ital  union,  and  20  cents  extra  to  all  otht 

in  tries. 

Advertising  Bates. 

Iftera   cents   per   line,    9   words;   $2.00   per 

h.    Five   per   cent,    discount  for  two   inser- 

is;    seven    per   cent,    for    three    insertions; 

mty  per  cent,  for  twelve  insertions. 

.dvertisements  must  be  received  on  or  ba- 
the 15th  of  each  month  to  insure  inser- 
in  the  month  following. 

[atters    relating    in    any    way    to    business 

uld   invariably   be  addressed   to 
THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER, 

Falconer,  N.  Y. 


i% 


Mr.  John  C.  Frank,  Earlvllle,  III., 
make*  a  hive  stand  which  he  prefer,? 
to  any  other,  by  making  a  rim,  of 
inch  stuff,  five  inches  wide,  of  the  de- 
sired size  to  suit  the  hive  in  u«e, 
and  in  each  corner  nail  a  heavy  block 
in  which  is  bored  a  hole  to  take  a  half- 
inch  machine  bolt.  The  bolts  serve 
as  legs,  which  rest  upon  four  bricks, 
and  the  hive  is  accurately  levelled  by 
use  of  a  wrench. 


•tides  for  publication  or  letters  exclusively 
the  editorial  department  may  be  addressed 
H.  E.  HILL, 

Fort  Pierce,   Fla. 
iDScnbers    receiving    their    paper    in    blue 
pper  will  know  that  their  subscription  ex- 
s   with   this  number.    We  hope  that   yoi 
not  delay  favoring  us  with  a  renewal. 
red  wrapper  on  your  paper  indicates  tb- 
owe  for  your  subscription.     Please  give   th 
;er  your  early  attention. 


Mr.  John  M.  Lange,  Jr.,  Monticel- 
lo.  la.,  writes:  "When  I  read  that 
editorial  on  page  59  of  the  Bee-Keeper 
for  March,  I  was  much  pleased,  for  it 
was  just  what  I  have  wanted  some 
editor  to  say.  'Improvement  is  the  or- 
der of  the  day,'  and  bee-keepers  should 
carefully  test  the  merits  of  an  article 
before  reporting.  It  is  unfair  to  con- 
demn a  thing  simply  because  one  may 
not  happen  to  know  anything  about 
it." 


lEMtorfal. 


[r.  David  A.  Gaylord,  Hatfield, 
i.,  reports  a  very  cold,  backward 
ng  and  much  rain  up  to  time  of 
ting — June  9. 


Soney-dealers  in  Boston,  are  still 
ling  quite  a  good  deal  of  last  sea- 
s  honey  crop.  They  claim  they 
not  explain,  and  .see  no  good  rea- 
for  honey  not  having  gold  better." 
es  Mr.  F.  Greiner.  Naples,  N.  Y.. 
5. 


ir  Denver  correspondent,  under 
of  June  17,  advises  that  hail 
ns  in  northern  Colorado  have  de- 
red  much  of  the  first  cutting  of 
fa,  and  that  as  the  season  is  late, 


New  Zealand  has  in  prospect  a  bee 
.iournal  of  its  own,  to  be  established 
and  edited  by  Mr.  G.  J.  S.  Small,  of 
Marton,  who  is  now  the  authorized 
correspondent  and  agent  of  the  Ameri- 
can Bee-Keeper  in  that  far-off  land, 
in  which  the  first  "Bee  Expert"  has 
recently  been  appointed  by  the  govern- 
ment, in  the  person  of  Mr.  Isaac  Hop- 
kins. The  move  was  first  set  on  foot 
by  Mr.  Small  who  is,  naturally,  grati- 
fied by  the  -success  of  his  efforts. 

In  wiring  frames,  Mr.  A.  J.  Gray, 
Ballstou,  N.  Y.,  fastens  his  frame  se- 
curely in  a  form,  places  the  spool  of 
wire  on  a  wire  spike  in  line  with  the 
lower  hole  pierced  through  the  end- 
bar,  threads  the  wire,  secures  the  end 
to  a  five-eighths  brad  which  is  driven 
down,  then  takes  up  the  slack,  and  by 
pressure  of  thumb  draws  them  quite 
tight,  though  not  enough  to  spring  the 
end-bar«.     The  wire   is  then      wound 


146 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Julj 


once  around  another  brad  at  starting 
point  and  secured.  He  says  nimble 
lingers  can  wire  sixty-five  frames  per 
hour  in  this  way  and  have  them  all 
square  and  neat. 


More  honey  crops  are  lost  from  too 
much  fussing  with  the  bees  than  from 
all  other  causes  together. 


Is  orange  blossom  honey  the  popular 
food  during  the  honey-moon?  If  one 
is  dependent  upon  the  other  the  scarc- 
ity of  the  first  may  account  for  the 
brevity   of   the    last. 

When  cutting  combs  from  frames  if 
they  are  straight  along  the  top  bar 
leave  a  row  of  cells  as  a  guide,  for 
such  guides  are  cheaper  and  better 
than  those  of  foundation. 


Hundreds  of  our  readers  have  beei 
kind  enough  to  address  a  few  posta 
cards  to  bee-keepers  for  us,  and  a) 
have  received  for  their  trouble  fror 
six  months  to  a  year  credit  on  sul 
scription  account.  The  plan  is  provin 
very  successful.  If  the  reader  ha 
not  done  so,  we  should  be  pleased  t 
have  him  write  to  the  Falconer  offlc 
for  cards.  — 

In  the  department  of  the  Bee-Keej 
ing  World,  Mr.  Frey  is  quoted  as  ha: 
ing  a  colony  of  Syrian  blood  which  } 
no  time  of  the  year  is  without  son 
drones.  It  is  not  uncommon  for  S; 
rians  and  Cyprians  and  their  crossi 
to  have  both  laying  workers  and 
good  fertile  queen  in  the  same  coloi 
at  the  same  time.  Quite  probab 
many  a  good  queen  has  been  co 
derailed  for  the  acts  of  laying  worker 


That  ]ierson  wTio  so  manages  his 
bees  that  they  not  only  keep  themsel- 
ves but  yield  a  surplus,  season  after 
season,  can  justly  be  called  a  bee-mas- 
ter; while  that  person  who  has  to  be 
constantly  feetling  his  bees  is,  at  best, 
but  a  clumsy  bungler.  To  be  the  ifirst 
requires  close  observation,  fore- 
thought, and  sound  judgment.  Any 
one  can  become  an  accomplished 
bungler. 


"Rambler"  and  the  writer  were  one 
day  discussing  the  profit  and  loss 
phases  of  bee-keuping.  and  incidental- 
ly reference  was  made  to  one  of  the 
fraternity  who  never  seemed  able  to 
"make  both  ends  meet."  Said  Ram- 
bler, "when  you  can  not  have  both 
ends  meet  then  have  one  meat  and 
t'other  vegetables,"  which  was  Eis 
droll  way  of  advising  living  within 
one's  means. 


Gleanings,  in  its  June  1st  issue,  h 
an  article  from  the  pen  of  E.  D.  TO"W 
send  on  the  use  of  extracting  com 
and  sections  in  the  same  super,  usi 
the  combs  instead  of  bait  sectioi 
two  combs  to  a  super,  one  next 
each  outside  wall.  The  editor  ha 
it  as  something  new  and  of  mu 
promise.  The  method  is  so  old  that ' 
supposed  it  was  universally  knov 
Mr.  Samuel  Cushman  (then  of  Pa 
tucket.  R.  I.,)  and  the  writer  beg 
using  it  about  1885  and  the  writer  1 
used  it  ever  since,  having  hives  s 
supers  specially  made  to  facilit 
such  practice.  It  has  been  mention 
by  many  writers,  if  memory  servesn 
correctly. 


jtl 


(,1 


(If: 
iti 
lull 
(if 

k 
Itfl 


In  the  June  issue  Mr.  W.  J.  Davis 
says  regarding  the  mating  of  queens 
and  drones,  that  it  is  claimed  that  it 
has  never  been  witnessed  by  man.  The 
■first  authentic  report  of  the  witness- 
ing of  the  union  was  by  Rev.  Mr.  Mil- 
lette  of  Whitemarsh,  Pa.,  in  June,  1850, 
and  the  next  by  Mr.  W.  W.  Gary  in 
July.  1800.  Since  then  many  have  re- 
ported having  seen  it.  If  some  of 
the  camera  enthusiasts  among  our 
bee-keepers  will  be  alert  they  may  in 
time  secure  us  photos  of  this  and 
many  other  interesting  and  valuable 
things  in  bee  life. 


The  indiscriminate  transposition 
combs   in   the    brood    chamber   is 
wise.     First,  it  breaks  up  the  nori 
arrangement  of  brood,  which  often 
suits  in  the  destruction  of  much  of 
Itarticularly    so    if    the    colony    is 
^•ery   populous.      Also     the     insert 
within  the  limits  of  the  brood  elm 
of  combs  more  or  less  -filled  with  ] 
len.    or    even    with    honey,    when 
latter  is  coming  in  fairly  well,  will 
ten  cause  a  decided  upset  in  the  hoi 
keeping  arrangements  of  the  bees 
queen,   too,   is  disturbed  in  her  w< 
and  swarming  is   not  infrequently 
duced.    One  eminent  beemaster  alw 
gives  a  quick  scratch  across  the  i 
of   the  frames  before  removing  tljiii  t, 
so  as  to  be  able  to  replace  them 
actly  as  they  were  before. 


JOS. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


147 


PERSONAL  TO  THE   READER.  implements,  but  one  foels    uistiHed  m 

The   American    Bee-Keeper    has   for  asking   of  a    w(>uld-))e   instructor  that 

&ars    been    alert    to    discover   among  •»*   least  some  })ractical   knowledge  of 

s    constantly    increasing    number    of  various  types  of  an  implement  be  had 

jaders,  those  who  possess  some  talent  hefore  reconimendiug  a  particular  one. 

)r   writing   entertainingly      and    who  i'lie  author  i.><  very  evidently  the  fol- 

ave  the   faculty   of   discovering   that  lower  of  one  i)articular  line  of  instruc- 

hic.h  may  prove  of  interest  to  fellow  tion    in    apiculture,   one   unfortunately 

aftsmen.   Our  efforts  in  this  direction  whose   teachings   are     biased   by    pre- 

ive   not   been    in    vain,    for    we    are  judice  and  commerce.    In  most  things, 

equently     recognizing     such     talent,  however,    for    beginners    this    book    is 

owever.  we  earnestly  desire  to  hear  an     improvement     over  anything     we 

om  more  of  our  readers  with  items  have  yet  had  in  this  country, 

r  publication,  and  with   this  end  in  


ew,  we  propose  to  award  each 
onth,  during  the  remaining  five 
onths  of  the  current  year,  four  an- 
lal  -subscriptions  to  the  Florida  Mag- 
ine.  published  in  Philadelphia,  a 
autifully   illustrated  monthly   maga- 


EDUCATING  BEES. 
The   following,   written   some  years 
ago,  by  Gen.  D.  L.  Adair,  is  worth  re- 
printing: 

_^^    _„„..         ^"  nothing  the  bees  do  can  we  per- 

le.  with"  many  pictures  in  coTors,  and  ^'^^^'^  anything  that  indicates  the  work- 
!  subjects  relating  to  "the  land  of  "^»''t  ^^  I'eason.  or  even  the  sagacity 
wers."  of  higiier  animals  that  are  capable  of 

,  ,        .     .  imitating,    and    through    that   instinct 

lliese  twenty  subscriptions  will  go  can  be  taught  to  do  things  that  they 
those  who  write,  not  uie  longest  do  not  comprehend, 
tides,  but  to  those  who  put  the  We  see  a  certain  thing  done  which 
)st  mterest  into  the  smallest  space,  we  know  they  have  never  seen  done 
Should  our  amateur  friends  evince  before,  and  without  any  instruction, 
fficient  interest  in  the  proposition,  which  we  know  man  could  not  do 
shall  not  hesitate  to  increase  tEe  without  much  instruction  and  a  long 
mber  of  subscriptions  that  we  shall  practice.  We  see  them  repeat  the 
ai'd.  same  work,  but  it  is  always  under  the 

fry  this  evening,  and  compete  for  same  circumstancas,  arid  they  always 
'prize  this  month,  observing  the  fol-    ^^  ^^  "^  the  same  manner;  everything 

is  made  exactly  alike  and  of  the  same 
material;  whereas,  no  two  men  work 
alike,   nor   anj^   one   man  twice  alike. 


nng   rules: 

)o  not  use  a  pencil.    Write  upon  but 


!  side  of  the  paper.      Leave  ample  ""1      ^       ^^l        ^^    1   •     I  ^     ''.• 

:ce    at    top    and    margin    of    paper.  JlZJ""  l-f  /°'^'   ?''}  ''.•  ^°    ^T'^"''.! 

oid    abbreviations.       Be    brief    and  ^  '^'''^'",  ^5f^^'  ^'°'^  ^^  ^  ^'"'f  '^'^^^  '* 

the  point  ^^     ab-solutely     necessary     that     they 

Subscriptions    for    winning    articlf^s  ^^^^^Id  do  it,   without  any   experience. 

1  begin  the  following  month.  ^"^^  without  even  knowing  what  they 

are  doing,   why   they   are   doing   it  or 

,^^^,_ „  what  will  be  the  result. 

"HOW   TO  KEEP  BEES."  i^    proof   of    this,    take    a    sheet    of 

nother  book  on  bees  has  appeared,  brood  that  is  just  ready  to  emerge  from 

s     from  the  press     of  Doubleday,  the  cells.     Brush  every  bee  ofE,  place 

;e  &  Co.,  which   bespeaks  the   ex-  it   in  a  hive   where  it  will   not  chill, 

ence  of  the  press  work.     The  book  and  let  the  bees  come  out.     A   sheet 

ntitled  "How  to   Keep  Bees."  and  ten  inches  square     will  produce     five 

)y  Anna   Botsford   Comstock,    who  thousand.     Not  one  of  these  bees  ever 

he  preface  announces  it  as  a  book  -sa^v  an    egg,   nor  queen,   nor  a   gTub, 

neet  the  needs  of  the  beginners  in  nor  a   queen-cell.      Now   give  them   a 

keeping.     As  such  it  is  good.     Tlie  luece    of   comb    containing   eggs.       As 

ructions  are  simple  and  direct,  and  the  grubs   hatch   out  those  bees    that 

illustrations   supplement  the  text,  never    saw    a    grub    before     take    the 

author  rather  rashly  recommends  honey  and  pollen,  prepare  it  fit  for  tEe 

ain    tools   and    appliances      at   the  tender  larvae.      They  feed  them   just 

e   time    admitting    lack    of   ox])eri-  the  quantity  they  need,  neither  more 

i  with  others.    This  perhaps  is  bet-  nor  less,    sooner  nor  later.     From  the 

than  a  confusing  list  of  the  various  most  of  them  they  rear  workers  like 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


148 

themselves;      from      others      perhaps 
drones  are  produced. 

This  is  truly  wonderful;  but  more 
wonderful  still  these  bees  that  have 
never  seen  their  mother,  and  have 
had  no  means  of  being-  informed  of 
the  necessity  of  a  queen  to  continue 
the  race,  set  to  work  and  construct 
cells  different  from  any  before  in 
the  hive;  different  from  any  they  have 
ever  seen  before.  The  larvae  over  and 
around  which  they  build  them  are  fur- 
nished with  food  in  greater  quantities 
and,  it  may  be,  different  in  quality. 
It  is  at  least  more  thoroughly  digested 
or  prepared  as  we  may  infer  from  the 
fact  that  the  larvae  fed  on  it  mature 
more  rapidly. 

All  of  this  work  is  evidently  done 
blindly,  and  positively  without  knowl- 
edge or  instruction;  intending  nothing, 
meaning  nothing,  and  not  designing  to 
do  what  it  accomplishes.  The  result 
is  the  production  of  a  description  of 
bees  unknown  to  them  before,  so  dif- 
ferent from  all  in  the  hive  that  they 
have  no  instincts  common  with  them. 

In  like  manner  we  might  follow  the 
bees  in  all  they  do  without  finding 
any  proof  that  they  have  the  least 
glimmer  of  reason,  or  that  they  are 
capable  of  departing  in  the  smallest 
degree  from  the  blind  impulses  of  their 
unvarying  instinct. 


Jul 


JE 


PRODUCING  BEESWAX. 
Dr.  J.  B.  Pons,  one  of  the  most  ex- 
tensive and  most  progressive  apiarists 
of  Cuba,  whose  apiarian  headquarters 
is  located  in  "the  Valley  of  Hell,"  by 
the  way,  writing  under  date  of  June 
6th,  cornplains  of  a  very  unsatisfactory 
condition  of  the  Cuban  honey  mar- 
ket, saying: 

"The  honey  producing  business  here 
becomes  daily  less  encouraging,  as, 
when  good  crops  are  secured,  prices 
are  so  low  that  there  is  no  profit  in 
it  for  the  producer;  and  higher  prices 
are  quoted  only  when  there  is  but  lit- 
tle or  nothing  to  market.  Last  year 
when  we  had  a  good  crop,  we  could 
get  but  26  cents  per  gallon,  Spanish 
gold,  and  this  year,  with  but  a  meagre 
harvest,  the  price  is  up  to  37  cents." 

Seeking  a  practicable  way  out  of  the 
difficulty,  Dr.  Pons  says  hereafter  he 
proposes  to  produce  more  beeswax,  as 
the  price  of  this  staple  is  always  uni- 
form and  profitable,  and  asks  what 
The  Bee-Keeper  thinks  of  the  propo- 
sition. 


Sixteen  or  eighteen  years  ago  tl 
editor  of  The  Bee-Keeper  publicly  e: 
pressed  his  opinion  that  the  proble 
of  turning  cheap  honey  into  wax,  ws 
one  worthy  of  experiment  and  caref 
test,  and  outlined,  theoretically, 
method  of  operation  that  appean 
practicable  in  tropical  countries,  b 
the  suggestion  was  met  with  derisi 
comment  by  Mr.  Hasty,  whose  offid 
duty  appears  to  be  to  say  alleg, 
funny  things  and  ridicule  ideas  a: 
practices  not  in  vogue  in  Lucas  cov 
ty,  Ohio,  where  he  is  evidently  qu: 
conversant  with  things   apiarian. 

The  day  has  arrived  wherein  carer 
thought  is  bound  to  be  given  this  ST 
ject,  and  we  believe  profitable  resu 
will  accrue  to  the  originator  of  a  pi 
that  shall  prove  practicable— as  so 
one,  no  doubt,  will  do  in  the  near  ' 
ture. 

The  appliances,  in  working  for  \^ 
may  be  inexpensive,  compared  w 
those  essential  to  the  honey  produ( 
and  the  market  for  beeswax  has 
ways  been,  and  promises  to  contii 
to   be   active  at  good  prices. 

With  reference     to  the  matter 
hives,   earth,   or  adobe,   possesses 
three-fold  advantage  of  cheapness, 
ing  a  nonconductor   of  heat  and  1 
of  affording  a   surface  to  which  t 
will    not    attach    the    combs,    so    1 
the  entire  contents  may  readily  be 
ed  with  the  roof  or  lid  and  inverted 
the  convenience  of  the  operator,  u 
the  walls. 

The  sun  affords  the  necessary  1 
for  rendering  the  combs  into  the  cb 
est  of  wax.  while  the  enduring  war 
of  tropical  -climates  makes  possible 
unceasing  secretion  of  wax-scales 
the  bees. 

Dr.  Pon's  resolution  is  eommende 
and  his  experiments  will  be  wat( 
with  interest. 


k 

ITT 


We  believe  we  are  justified  in 
ing  that  each  issue  of  The  Bee-Ke 
contains  more  items  of  value  to 
readers  than  can  be  found  in  any 
er  bee  paper.  These  items  are  b 
clear  and  comprehensive.  They 
thus  prepared  that  our  readers 
grasp  the  points  with  the  least 
penditure  of  time.  If  you  see  thi 
we  do  then  tell  others  about  it,  foi 
more  subscribers  we  have  the  i 
we  can  develop  the  paper,  and 
more  you  will  get  in  return. 


905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


149 


A  REVIEW. 


Wheu  selecting  material  for  this  is- 
ue,  the  following  anonymous  letter 
as  found  upon  the  copy  hook.  We 
dink,  however,  that  our  readers  will 
ecognize  the  ear-marks. — Editor. 
So  ye  had  to  get  that  Rhode  Island 
liller  to  help  ye  out  did  ye?  What, 
e  ye  gettin  old  or  lazy?  Ye  never 
'^as  lazy  and  I  don't  see  as  ye  are 
etting  allfired  old,  so  I  spose  I  must 
rant  ye  did  it  for  the  best.  I'll  see 
ow  ye  trot  together  for  awhile  afore 
express  my  opinion  of  the  team.  Now, 
3e  here,  I  want  to  talk  to  ye  about 
16  June  paper.  Taking  to  poetry 
)me  and  its  a  good  idee  when  the 
jlections  is  good. 

Sixty  years  among  the  bees  is  a 
irty  long  time.  Wonder  what  «ome 
f  'em  as  has  been  boasting  about 
alf  that  number  of  years  will  uo 
ow? 

So  Bro.  Hall  takes  seriously  our 
iffy  on  the  merits  of  Ontario  honey, 
e  is  old  enough  to  know  we  uns 
itter  than  that.  How«umever  it  is 
>od  honey  and  after  this  puff  look 
it  for  the  carloads  of  honey  labeled 
^ade  in  Ontario." 

The     Hanegan-Jacobs     method      of 
lipment  looks  like  a  good  thing  and 
"tliey  «ay  it  is,  that  goes. 

The  Agricultural  Department's  pro- 
)sed  study  of  honey  and  pollen  ca- 
lcifies of  new  plants  sounds  good, 
elp  it  along. 

Progressiveness,    eh!       Miller's    pro- 
essiveness!      It'll   stir   some   of   the 
)ys,   see   if  it  don't. 
French's     story      of    his      brick-tojp 
)iary   run    for   comb     honey    sounds 
ther  laborious.    Eighty  days  of  work 
I   one    hundred   and  twenty-'five   col- 
ies  will  stagger  some  of  we  uns. 
Just  read  Greiner's  "Good  Scheme" 
:ain.     Lot  of  good  meat  there. 
Bro.    Andre   says    he    used    to   lose 
lonies  that  were  weak  in  the  spring, 
id     stopped  it     by  putting     in  new 
rings. 

Friction  of  the  Factions  in  England 
d  Ireland  don't  seem  as  unseemly 
Watson  as  it  seemed  in  the  Irish 
!e  Journal.  Reckon  if  the  seams 
IS  ripped  all  might  join  and  fashion 
aew  garment. 
Tariff  revision  of  honey,  is  it?  Well 
me  out  of  the  discussion  for  I 
ve  no  desire  to  get  twixt  the  Re- 
uonists   and   the    Stand   Patters. 


Mr.  Raudin  is  quoted  as  feeding 
himi)  sugar  to  his  bees.  Phew!  If 
Miller  gets  after  him  I  see  his  fin- 
ish. 

The  Bee-Keeping  World  is  mighty 
good,  and  thorn  headings  of  the  dif- 
ferent paragraphs  are  prime  fun. 

Editorial  pages.  Say  which  is 
who's?  Wish  I  knew.  No,  I  don"t 
neither.  It's  more  sport  guessing,  and 
they  are  lots  of  fun  anyway.  Um, 
how  spicy!  Quite  a  scheme,  that  of 
slipping  in  apt  quotations.  Watch  the 
rest  adopt  it. 

Well,  I  must  flit.     Ahhh. 


PROF.   SLADEN'S   BOOK. 

There  lies  upon  our  desk  a  neat  lit- 
tle book  entitled  "Queen  Rearing  in 
England"  by  F.  W.  Sladen,  F.  E.  S., 
proprietor  of  the  Ripple  Court  Apiai-y, 
near  Dover,  England,  and  published  in 
London  in  1905.  It  opens  with  a  col- 
ored frontispiece  showing  a  "Golden 
Italian  Queen"  and  an  "Extra  Golden 
Worker  Bee."  They  are  produced  on 
a  scale  one  and  a  half  times  natural 
size,  and  make  a  very  pretty  beginning. 
The  work  embraces  Queen-rearing  in 
Nature;  Modem  Queen-rearing;  Nuclei 
and  Fertilization  of  Queens;  How  to 
Save  Queens  Reared  under  the  Swarm- 
ing Impulse;  Drones  and  Drone-rear- 
ing; Introduction  of  Queens  and  Send- 
ing Queens  by  Post;  Races  of  Bees, 
Breeding  for  Improvement;  A  Scent 
Producing  Organ  in  the  Abdomen  of 
the  Worker-bee;  The  Honey  Bees  of 
India;  and  Enemies  of  the  Honey  Bee 
in  South  Africa. 

In  the  parts  devoted  to  queen-rear- 
ing, introducing,  nuclei,  etc.,  there  is 
nothing  new;  it  being  but  a  description 
of  the  cell  cup  and  caging  systems 
well  known  here. 

The  chapters  on  the  Scent  Producing 
Organ,  The  Honey  Bees  of  India,  and 
Enemies  of  Bees  in  South  Africa,  are, 
however,  quite  interesting.  The  so- 
called  scent  organ  is  the  little  white 
stripe  which  the  worker  shows  be- 
tween the  fifth  and  sixth  segments 
of  the  abdomen,  visible  under  certain 
conditions.  Many  bee-keepers  may 
have  noticed  it  without  suspecting 
that  the  little  white  spot  had  any  spe- 
cial function.  To  the  casual  observer 
it  looks  as  if  the  bee  iu  her  excite- 
ment had  extended  the  abdominal 
rings  too  far  and  that  the  joint  of 
one  had  slipped  out. 

Of  the  Honey  Bees  of  India  there  are 


referred  to  Apis  dorsata,  and  a  darker 
variety  of  the  same  known  as  A.  zou- 
ata.  both  of  which  are  spoken  of  as 
vicious  stingers  and  poor  worlvers. 
Apis  florea  is  a  tiny  bee,  very  pretty, 
building  a  comb  no  bigger  than  a 
man's  hand,  and  generally  in  some 
bush.  A.  indica  is  somewhat  smaller 
than  our  honey  bee,  po*ssesses  similar 
habits  to  it,  and  is  capable  of  domes- 
tication. They  are  as  yellow  as  the 
golden  Italians  with  which  we  are 
familiar.  A  somewhat  larger  bl.ick 
bee  (not  classified)  i-s  found  in  the 
higher  altitudes  where  it  is  kept  in 
domestication.  They  are  said  not  to 
sting  but  make  themselvas  annoying 
by  buzzing  in  the  operator's  face.  A 
similar  bee  was  found  in  Ceylon. 

The  book  is  written  in  the  careful 
conservative  style  of  the  scientist, 
which  is  decidedly  refreshing  after  the 
loose  and  dogmatic  phra-seology  com- 
mon to  most  bee  books.  No  price  is 
given. 


Honey    and   Beesw^ax   Market. 


Denver.  June  17. — The  supply  ol  honey  is  larger  than  the  de- 
mand and  some  comb  honey  will  he  carf  ied  over.  We  quolc  our 
market  Joday  as  lollows:  No.  1  while.  $2.20  per  24-seclion  crate: 
No.  2  light  amber.  $2.00:  No.  2.  $1.75.  Extracted.  6  l-2c  to  7c. 
Beeswax,  wanted  at  26c. 

Colorado  Honey   Producers    Association. 

1440  Market  St. 


BuHalo.  June  12. — The  supply  ol  honey  is  moderate,  with  light 
demand.  We  quote  our  market  today  as  lollows:  12c  to  13c  lor 
lancy:  grades,  7c  to  10c.  Beeswax.  28c  to  30c.  No  new  arrivals 
noticed  yet.  Fancy  old  sells  lairly  well  but  lower  grades  very 
dull  and  slow.  Balterson  &  Co. 

Kansas  City.  Mo..  June  13.— The  honey  market  here  is  Irom 
$2.00  to  $2.25.  according  to  the  grade  and  quality.  We  think 
that  new  honey,  strictly  white  No.  1  will  sell  lor  about  $2.50. 
other  grades  in  proportion  to  the  quality  and  color  ol  the  honey. 
Beeswax  28c.  C.  C.   Clemmons  &  Co. 


Chicago.  June  7. — The  volume  ol  sales  are  inlinitesimal:  hence 
prices  are  not  considered  to  be  important  at  this  season.  Comb 
brings  12c  to  12  l-2c  per  pound  lor  best  grades,  oil  lots  at  7c  to 
10c:  extracted  5c  to  7c.  according  to  what  it  is.  Beeswax  sells 
upon  arrival  at  30c  per  pound.  R.  A.  Burnett  &   Co. 

199  So.  Water  St. 

Cincinnati.  June  2. — There  is  only  a  lair  demand  lor  honey  at 
ihe  present  time.  We  quote  amber  extracted  honey  in  barrels  at 
4  3-4c  to  6c.  according  to  quality.  White  clover  extracted  at 
6  l-2c  to  8c.  The  comb  honey  market  is  practically  closed  lor 
the  summer.     Beeswax  is  wanted  at  29c. 

The   Fred   W.   Mulh  Co. 

No.  51  Walnut  St. 


Boston.  May  9. — There   is  no  change   to   note,   in  condition  ol 
honey  market,  Irom  that  ol  our  letter  ol  April  24. 

Blake.  Scott  &  Lee  Co. 


To  paraphrase  an  early  writer: 
"Beedom  is  something  like  a  barrel  of 
pork.  The  meat  that'^s  at  the  top  is 
sometimes  not  as  good  as  that  that's  a 
grain  lower  down;  the  upper  and  lower 
endcj  are  plaguoy  apt  to  have  a  little 
taint  in  'em,  but  the  middle  is  always 
good. 


Four  New  Departments 


I  publish  and  recommend  to  vou  THE 
RURAL  BEE  KEEPER,  the  best  all- 
round  Sl.uO  monthly  bee  journal  in  Amer- 
ica. On  trial  three  months  for  this  ad. 
with  200.  Or  send  us  50c  for  a  three 
months'  trial  and  your  name  and  address 
on  a  two-line  rubber  stamp  (self-inking 
pad  2.50  extra.)     Or    , 

Send  us  $1.50  and  get  the 
Rural  Bee  Keeper  one  year 

and  an  untested  Italian  queen  bee.  Sam- 
ple copy  free.    Agents  get  liberal  terms. 

We  count  that  day  lost  which  does  not 
show  some  improvement  in  The  Rural 
Bee  Keeper.  So  soon  as  we  can  And  the 
right  party  to  conduct  the  departments, 
we  will  establish  a  department  for  ad- 
vanced bee  keepers  and  a  kindergarten 
for  the  new  beginners.  We  also  want  to 
benefi  t  our  readers  in  the  West  and  want 
to  establish  a  "Department  of  the  Middle 
West"  and  a  "Pacific  Coast  Department." 
Our  Foreign  and  Southern  Departments 
are  very  gratifying  to  us. 

We  solicit  your  subscript  ion  and  your 
moral  support. 


W.  H.  PUTNAM 

RIVER    FALLS,    WISCONSIN 


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Farm&  Real  Estate  Journal 

Traer,  Tama  Co,  lo-wa 


ONE-HALF  INCH  SPACE  ONE  YEAR  ON  THIS  PAGE,  $3.00. 


^  J.  DAVIS,  1st,  YOUNGSVILLE,  PA.. 
'  •  breeder  of  choice  Italian  Bees  and 
jcens.     Quality,   not  quantity,   is  my   mottc?. 


|EWEY'S  HARDY  HONEY  GATHERERS— 
Reared  under svvarmiug impulse  through- 
t  the  year.  Large,  strong,  liealth . .  Send 
r  card.  'Can  1  Contiol  Swarmlng'-Original. 
itesied,  75  c..  <)  for  SSOU;  tested  81.50,  6  for 
ou.  Choice  SaSO  High-grade  breeders,  $2 
#l(t.  E.  H.  DEWEY.  Gt.  Barriogton.  Mass. 


UK  ENS  HERE.      We  are  still  asking  you  to 
i;ive  us  your  trade.    We  sell  Italians,  Goldens 
:  1  Carniolans  at  75c  for   untested  and  $1.00  for 
I  ted.     Prices  on  quantities  and  nuclei  upon  ap 
j  "ition.John  W.  Pharr,  Berclair,  Texas,  .lanb 


(A'ARTHMORE  APIARIES,  SVVARTH- 
>•  MORE,  PA.  Our  bees  and  queens  are  the 
tjhtest  Italians  procurable.  Satisfaction 
()  ranteed.  Correspondence  in  English, 
1-nch,  German  and  Spanish.  Shipments  to 
a  parts  of  the  world. 


W.  GARY  &  SON,  LYONSVILLE, 
'MASS.,  Breeders  of  choice  Italian  bees 
queens.  Imported  Leather  and  Root's  Red 
rer  strains.     Catalog  and  price  list  free. 


>NEY  QUiiENS  AND  BEES  for  sale.     I 

extracted   300   pounds    per   colony   in    1903. 

Worthington,    Leota,    Miss.       Aug.    5 


GORE'S  LONG-TONGUED  STRAIN 
of  Italians  become  more  and  more  popu- 

each  year.  Those  who  have  tested  them 
why.  Descriptive  circular  free  lo  all. 
te  J.  P.  Moore,  L.  Box  1,  Morgan,  Ry. 


NIC    BEES.       All     other  races  are     dis- 
arded,      after     trial     of     these    wonderful 
Particulars    post    free.      John    Hewitt    & 
Sheffield,  England.  Jan  6. 


-THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Walnut  St., 
'  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Standard  Bred  Red 
Clover  Three-banded  Queens,  Golden  Italians, 
and  Carniolans.  Safe  arrival  guaranteed.  Send 
for  circular. 


T 


HE  A.   L  ROOT  CO.,  MEDix,A,   OHIO. 
Breeders   of   Italian  bees  and  queens. 


QUEENS  from  Jamaica  any  day  in  the  year. 
Untested,  66c.;  tested,  ^.00;  select  tested, 
$1.50.  Our  queens  are  reared  from  the  very 
finest  strains.  Geo.  W.  Phillips,  Sav-La-Mar 
P.    O.,  Jamaica,  W.   I.  (5-5) 


DJ  RLOCHER,  Pearl  City,  111.,  breeder  of 
•  Pine  Italian  Bees  and  Queens  Our  stock 
speaks  for  itself.  Safe  arrival  of  all  stock  guar- 
anteed.    Free  informatiou.  Jan.  6 


I  AWRENCE  C.  MILLER,  BOX  1113, 
L  PROVIDENCE,  R.  I.,  is  filling  orders  for 
the  popular,  hardy,  honey-getting  Providence 
strain  of  Queens.   Write  for  free  information. 


p  H.  W.  WEBER,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 
^*  (Cor.  Central  and  Freeman  Aves.) 
Golden  Yellow,  Red  Clover  and  Carniolan 
queens,  bred  from  select  mothers  in  separate 
apiaries. 


lOHN  M.  DAVIS,  SPRING  HILL,  TENN., 
J  has  greatly  enlarged  ard  improved  his 
queen-rearing  facilities.  Two  unrelated  Car- 
niolans and  a  dark  leather  Italian  lately  im- 
ported. My  own  strains  of  three-band  and 
golden;  "Moore's"  long-tongue;  Doolittle's 
golden;  all  selects.  Carniolans  mated  to  Ital- 
ian drones  when  desired.  No  disease.  Cir- 
cular free. 


QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER,  has  an 
exceptionally  hardy  strain  of  Italian  bees; 
they  wintered  on  their  summer  stands  within 
a  few  miles  of  bleak  Lake  Erie.  Send  for 
Free    Circular.     Belleyue,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


HONEY  DEALERS'  DIRECTORY 


t^~Under  this  heading  will  be  inserted,  tor  reliable  dealers,  two  lines  one 
year  for  $1.25.  Additional  words,  12c  a  word.  No  announcement  can 
be  accepted  for  less  than  one  year  at  these  rates._^ 


OHIO. 


C.  H.  W.  WEBER,  Freeman  and  Central 
Aves.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  If  for  sale,  mail 
sample,  and  state  price  expected  delivered 
in  Cinicinnati.  If  in  want,  write  for  prices, 
and   state  quality  and  quantity   desired. 

(5-5) 


We  are  always  in  the  market  for  extracted 
honey,  as  we  sell  unlimited  quantities.  Send 
us  a  sample  and  your  best  price  delivered 
here.  THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Wal- 
nut St.,   Cincinnati,  Ohio.  (5-5) 


COLORADO. 


THE  COLORADO  HONEY  PRODUCER 
ASS'N,  liM  Market  St,  Denrer,  Colo.    5 


ILLINOIS. 


R.   A    BURNETT   &  CO.,  199  South   W» 
Street,    Chicafo.  (5-8 


Cent='a=Word  Column. 


ORDERS  WANTED  lor  200  imported  Italian.  Carniolan  and 
Caucasian  Queens.  I  intend  lo  go  over  there  lor  them  the  lirst 
ol  August.  Write  me.  L,  A.  LOWMASTER,  Upper  San- 
dusky. Ohio. 


AGENTS  WANTED  to  sell  advertising  nov- 
ties,  good  commission  allowed.  Send  for 
catalogue  and  terms.  American  Manufac- 
ing    Concern,    Falconer,    N.    V. 


THE  BUSY  MAN'S  METHOD  OF  REARING 
GOOD  QUERNS— This  leaflet  describes  the 
method  used  in  rearing  the  Hardy  Honey 
Gatherers  (re  .delsewhere),  and  if  carefully 
followed  will  produce  queensof  great  merit. 
No  loss  of  brood,  no  cell-cups,  and  but 
little  time  required.  Large  queens  under 
swarming  impulse.  Nothing  artificial  about 
it.  Eveiy  queen-breeder  needs  it.  Price  3i 
cents.  E.  H.DEWEY,  Gt.  Barrington,  Mass. 


ITALIAN  AND  Carniolian  Queens.  The 
Bankston  Baby  Nucleus  and  the  Bankston 
nursery  cage.  Untested  queens  50  cents 
each;  tested  75  cents.  Baby  nucleus,  nailed 
ready  for  use,  35  cents.  Nursery  cage,  35 
cents  by  mail  with  printed  instructions. 
C.  B.  Bankston,  Milano,  Milam  County, 
Texas.  July   5. 


INCREASE  is  a  handsome  little  book  tell- 
ing how  to  form  new  colonies  without 
breaking  working  stocks.  A  simple,  sure 
satisfactory  plan.  25c.  Baby  Nuclei  tells 
how  to  mate  many  queens  from  sections 
with  a  mere  handful  of  bees.  42  pages,  20 
pictures;  plain  and  simple  plan.  50c.  Queens 
and  queen  rearing  outfits  for  sale.  Golden 
all-over  and  Caucasian  Queens.  Circulars 
free.     E.   L.    Pratt,   Swarthmore,   Pa. 


WANTED — The  name  and  address  of  those  a 
where  in  the  United  States  who  expect  to  I 
honey  in  car  lots,  or  less,  during  igos.  1 
St.  Croix  Valley  Honey  Producers'  Assoi 
tion,  Glenwood,  Wis.  Aug.  . 


BEWARE 

>vhe:re  you  buy  your      L-^ 

beeware'- 

WIS! 


/  iy/<  TERTO  WN, 


MAKES  THE    FINEST 


G.  B.  LEWIS  COMPANY, 
BEE-KEEPERS^  SUPPLIl 

Watertown,  Wis. 

Eastern  Agents:    Fred  W.   Muth  Co.,  CincinrL 
Ohio,  51  Walnut  Street;  C  M.  Scott  &  Co.,  Indp  It. 
apolis,   Ind.,1004   E.   Washington  St.,  Norril 
Anspach,  K  'nton,  Ohio,  Cleaver  &  Greene,  T[ 
Penn. 


Bee=Keepers'  Supplies 

1  14  story  8-frame  L-Hive $i 

No.  1  sections  Bee-way,  per  1000 

Plain 

No.  2,  5c  less. 
24  lb.  Shipping  Cases,  per  100 1 

Berry  Baskets,   Hallock  Boxes,  Crates,  < 
kept  in  stock  and  sold  cheap.    Send  for  list, 


III 


w 

R.  F.  D.  No.  3. 


D.  SO  PE  R 

Jackson,  M 


I  . 

Mate 


Our  Special    Premium  Offer. 

We  have    be  n  succ  ssl'ul  in   closing  a  contract  with  t-  e  Selden  Pen  iM  fg 

Co.,  of  New  >ork,  wher  by  for  a  limited  time  we 

can  supply  a  guaranteed 

$2.00     Gold     Fountain    Pen. 

"THE  CElTRIC  model  i" 

and  The  American  Bee  Keeper  on  year  for  only  90  CENTS,  to  ev  ry 
subscriber,  OLD  o  NEW.  The  pe  will  '  e  forwarded  immediat  ly  up- 
on receii  I  of  i  e  mr>n  ^.  It  is  made  of  the  best  qu  lity  o  hard  rubber 
in  four  1  arts,  and  fitted  with  a  eruaranteed  Irridium  point  d  14-k  GdLD 
PEN.  Th-  '  fountain"  is  throughout  of  th"  simplest  construction  and 
cannot  get  ut  of  order,  overflow,  or    ail  to  sup   ly  inkto  the  nib. 

"A  Fountain- Penisla; Necessityj 
of  ThejjTwentieth'^Century.*^ 


It  dispenses  with  the  iacoiiveaient'iakstand^and  is'always  ready  for  use. 

'fOp    PFI   TRir^    IV\OnFI     1'    "^'^'"^    'he    manufacturer's  guarantee   that 
1  nC    V_^CL1I\I'^    I'lWl-'LL    I      the  pen  is  solid  GOLD,  14-k  fine.    If  it  doeS 
not  prove  satisfactory  in  every  way  we  will  exchange   it  for    anotlier,  or  return  the   fifty 
cents  additional  upon  return  of  the  pen 

This  is  an  unusual  opportunity  to  secure,  at  a  very  low  price,  an  article  of  superior 
quality  that  is  coming  to  be  essential  to  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  every  one  who 
vvrites.     REMF^M  BER  that  the  olFer  is  for  a  short  time  onlv.  5= 


THE  AMERICAN   BEE-KEEPER,    Falconer.    N.   Y. 


Special  Notice 
to   Bee-keepers. 

IB  0  S  T  0  N 

Money   in  Bees  for  You 
Cata'og  Price  on 

Root's    Supplies 

Catalog  for  the   Asking 

H.  FARMER,  (82   FRIEND  STREET, 
BOSTON,  MASS. 

Up    First    Flight^= 


SNTS 


YOU    CAN    DO   IT 


AGENTS 


Mallions  "Peuro  or  Pearl"  New  Me- 
Uiions,  Quick  sellers.  Big  money, 
lite  at  once.  Special  territory 
en.  Largest  Medallion  Co.  in  the 
|rld.  Agents'  supplies.  Novelties 
jto-date.  Write  now. 
EITniversal  Manufacturing  Co., 

Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Read  This  and  Do  It  Quick 


All  One 
Year  $1.40. 

Without 
Gleanings 
80  Cents 


The    Modern    Farmer, 
Green's  Fruit  Grower, 
Agricultural   Epitomist, 
The  Mayflower  and 
Ten  Beautiful  Flowering  Bulbs, 
Gleanings   in   Bee   Culture, 
American  Bee-Keeper. 
Without  Gleanings  and    American  Bee-Keeper,  50c 
Good  only  a  short  time.     Address 

Modern  Farmer,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

Box  15.  The  clean  farm  paper. 


Three  Thousand  Gummed 
Labels  for  $1.00 

1x3  inches,  printed  to  your  order,  and 
postpaid.  Send  for  catalog,  showing  dif- 
ferent sizes  and  styles. 

FENTON  LABEL  CO.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


PROVIDENCE 
QUEENS 

FOR  BIG  HONEY  CROPS 


REARED  BY  THE  MILLER  SYS- 
TEM. «s»  IT  IS  THE  BEST  YET, 
NEW    CATALOG    ON    REQUEST,  d* 


^^ 


Lawrence  C.  Miller 


p.  0.  Box  1113 

H-tf 


Providence,  R.  I. 


Three    Months  for    Only  ?0    Cents. 
To    a     A  ew    Subscribe?'. 

THE 

AMERICAN  BEE  JOURNAL 

Established  in  1861 

It  is  the  only  ^ueekly  bee  paper  in  America. 
Those  who  write  for  it  are  among  the  most 
extensive  and  successful  bee-keepers  in  the 
world.  Many  of  them  produce  honey  by  the 
ton,  and  make  money  at  the  business,  hence 
their  experience  is  valuable. 

Among  the  Departments  Represented  in  the 
Bee  Journal  Are  These: 

Editorial  Notes  and  Comments;  Mis- 
cellaneous News  Items;  Contributed 
Special  Articles:  Opinions  of  Some  Ex- 
perts; Proceedings  of  Conventions;  Our 
Bee-Keeping  Sisters;  Mr.  Hasty's  After- 
thoughts; Dr.  Miller's  Answers  to 
Questions;  Honey  and  Beeswax  Mar- 
ket Quotations. 

Every  bee-keeper,  whether  having  one 
colony  or  100,  should  read  the  old  American 
Bee  Journal  every  week. 

Only  81.00  a  year;  or  '20  cents  for  a  trial  trip 
of  three  months,  (13  copies),  to  a  new  sub- 
scriber.   Sample  copy  free.    Ask  for  it. 

George  W.  YorK  ®  Co. 


334  Dearborn  Street 


Chicago  Illinois 


Big  Song  Book 


"Polly,  I  Love  But  You,"  words  and  music 
"Piking  the  Pike,"  "Just  Because  I'm  From 
Missouri,"  "Hiawatha,"  "Navajo,"  "Bedelia,'' 
"Josie,"  "Only  a  Factory  Girl,"  "Flirting  at 
the  Seashore,"  "The  Little  Brown  Man  o!, 
Japan,"  "Come  Down,  Miss  Malinda,"  "Mf 
Ragtime  Ebony  Belle,"  and  44  other  popula: 
songs,  all  in  one  book,  and  sent  postpaid  fo 
only  10  CENTS.  We  will  also  send  a  coupoi 
good  for  10  cents  to  everyone  mentioning  ii 
what  paper  they  saw  this  ad. 


This  is  a  s/>ecial  offer  to  introduce  our 
goods,  so  send  at  once. 


H.  D.  LEADER  CO. 

tf  GRAND   RAPIDS,  MICH. 


MUSIC  LOVERS 


BIG  MAGAZINE  ONE  YEAR  FOR  TEN  CENl 

Send  us  lo  cents  in  silver,  together 
with  the  names  of  ten  persons  who 
get  mail  at  j-our  postoffice  who  are 
interested  in  MUSIC,  and  we  will 
send  j'ou  our  handsome  magazine 
one  year.  We  receive  hundreds  of 
new  subscriptions  daily  from  per- 
sons who  think  our  magazine  a  big- 
ger bargain  than  Harper's,  Mun- 
sey's.  Ladies'  Home  Journal,  or 
McClure's.  This  is  a  special  offer 
for  a  short  time  only. 


OUR    SUBSCRIPTION     PRICE    MAY 
ADVANCE  TO   $1    PER  YEAR  SOON 


IpiK 

•lltlo 

l((iitl( 

l!ir 


BERGES 

Dept.  H.  D. 


PUBLISHING   O 

Grand  Rapids,  Mi 


"  Beeswax 
Wanted 


We  will  pay  28  cents  cash  or  30 
cents  in  goods  for  good  quality  of 
Beeswax,  freight  paid  to  Falconer,  N. 
Y.  If  you  have  any,  ship  it  to  us  at 
once.  Prices  subject  to  change  with- 
out notice. 

THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MFG  CO. 


When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


\tO 


and  5=Banded  Italian 
and  Carniolan  Queens. 

Say  friends,  you  who  have  support- 
ed us  during  the  past  season,  we 
desire  to  express  our  thanks  for 
your  patronage  in  the  past,  and 
respectfully  solicit  a  continuance  of 
your  valued  favors  through  the  sea- 
son of  1904. 

Our  queens  now  stand  upon  their 
merits  and  former  record.  We  are 
preparing  for  next  season,  and  seek- 
ing the  patronage  of  large  apiarists 
and  dealers.  We  do  not  claim  that 
our  queens  are  superior  to  all  oth- 
ers, but  that  they  are  as  good  as 
the  best.  We  will  furnish  from  one 
to  a  thousand  at  the  following 
prices:  "" -"sted  of  either  race,  $1; 
one  unte  d,  75c.,  5  for  $3.25,  10 
for  $6.  15  for  $8.25,  25  for  $12.50,  50 
for  $23.50,  100  for  $45. 
,  For  descriptive  circulars  address, 

JOHN  W.  PHARR,  Prop., 

ew  Century  Queen  Rearing  Co.,  Ber- 
clair,  Goliad  Co.,  Texas. 


BEGINNERS. 

Bhoii.J  hare  a  copy  of 

The  Amateur  Bee-keeper, 

0  page  book,  by  Prof.  J.  W.  Rouse;  written  es- 
sially  for  amateurs.  Second  edition  just  on' 
rst  edition  of  1,000  sold  in  less  thaa  two  year* 
itor  York  says:  "It  i,!i  the  finest  little  book  pub- 
led  at  the  present  time."  Price  24  centj;  by 
il  28  cents.     The  little  book  and 

he  Progressive  Bee-keeper, 

lire.  proeres«''Te,  2S  page  monthly  journal.)  one 
r  for  tj.ic.      Apply  to   any   first-clssa   dealer,  W 

iress 

JAHY  MFG-  CO,,  Hi,giiu.,u.,K.. 


Chance 

Of  a  Life  Time. 


100  ^^^*^^  *°  ^^^^^ 

Belgians 

Send  for  particulars  and    sample  copy 
of  the  only 

Belgian  Hare   Journal 


Published  in  America. 

Judge  R.  J.  FINLEY, 

227  Lamb  St  ,  MACON,  Mo. 


To  Subscribers  of 
TOE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 

And  Others! 

Until  Further  Notice 

We  Will  Send  The 

Country 
Journal 

to  any  addrtus  in  the  U.  S.  A.  one 
year  for  1')  vents,  providing  you 
ir  .'utiou  Aiaericau  Bee-Keeper. 

The  Country  Journal  treats  on 
'  arm,  Orchard  and  Garden,  Poul- 
'  ry  and  Fashion.  It's  the  best  pa- 
y»er  printed  for  the  price. 

Address 

The  Country  Journal, 


2tf 


Allentown,  Pa. 


W.  M.  Gerrish,  R.  F.  D.,  Epping,  N.  H., 
keeps  a  complete  supply  of  our  goods,  and 
Eastern  customers  will  save  freight  by  order- 
ing of  him. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  Co. 


Sunshine 


is  gaining  ad- 
miration as  a 
popular    litera- 

ry  family 

"~"^^^^""~~~"^^  MAGAZINE. 
It  entertains  its  readers  with  good  short  stor- 
ies, sketches  and  poems  by  the  most  famous 
authors  of  the  day  and  is  a  magazine  of  supe- 
rior merit. 

It  is  a  welcome  visitor  in  every  home. 

Price  25  cents  a  year. 

We  wish  to  haye  our  magazine  in  your 
vicinity  and  as  a  special  offer  for  new  readers 
we  will  send  you 

Sunshine  for  1  Year  for  10c. 

Think  of  it.  less  than  one  cent  a  copy.    Can't 
you  act  as  our  agent  ? 

ADD.  MAYES  PUB.  CO., 
LOUISVILLE,       =        ENTUCKY 


Are  You  Looking  for  a  Home? 

No  farmer  should  think  of  buying  land 
before  seeing  a  copy  uf  THE  FARM  AND 
REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAL.  It  contains 
the  largest  list  of  lands  for  sale  of  any 
paper  published  in  Iowa.  Reaches  30,000 
readers  each  issue,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
advertising  mediums  to  reach  the  farmers 
and  the  Home-Seekers  th?it  you  can  ad- 
vertise in.  For  75c.  we  will  mail  you  the 
Journal  for  1  year,  or  for  ten  cents  in 
silver  or  stamps  we  will  send  you  the 
Journal  2  months  on  trial.    Address, 

Farm  and  Real  Estate  Journal, 

TRAER,  TAMA  CO..   IOWA. 
10-tf. 


MAGIC  RHEUMATIC  CURE 


It  absolutely  does  cure.  It  is 
not  a  CHEAP  remedy,  but  it  is 
a  CHEAP  cure.  Mark  the  distinc- 
tion! There  are  a  thousand  rem- 
edies to  one  cure.  This  is  a 
cure.  It  costs  $2  a  bottle  and  is 
worth  $20  to  any  sufferer.  Sold 
only  by  our  authorized  agents  or 
direct  by  us.  We  wil  send  pre- 
paid for  $2.00. 


Write  for  booklet.Agents  wanted. 


MAGIC  CURE   CO. 

358  Dearborn  Street,       Chicago. 


Strawberries. 

Young,  healthy,  fresh,  vigor 
ous  stock  in  prime  condition  fo 
spring  planting. 

All 

Leading 

Varieties 

Write  for  prices  and  terms. 

MONROE    STRAWBERRY    CO 

Box  66  MONROE,  MICH 


h 


Headquarters  for  Bee-Supplies 


Complete  Stock  for  1905  Now  on  Hand 

Freitjht  rates  from  Cincinnati  are  the  lowest — especially  for  the  South. 

Prompt  Service  is  What  I  Practice.        Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 

You    will    5avi-    niDUcy    buyiuvr    frmii    iiie.  Catalog    mailed    free. 

HONEY    AND    BEESWAX    WANTED     PAY   CASH  ON  DELIVERY 


\Kr(^P{\(^r   f\i  OllPPnc    *  LioWen  Italiun,   Red  Clover  ami  Carniolaus— 
U1CC;UCI    Ul   yuccilS  -,  ,„[.  prices  ,.efer  lo  my  calaiof^. 


OflBce  and  Salesrooms-^2146-48  Central  Ave. 
Warehouses— Freeman  and  Central  Aves. 


c.B.ar.mcben 


CINCINNATI' 
OHIO. 


ENTS  Wanted  "washTng  m 

You  can  double  your  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

Ithey  sell  easily.     We  have  sold  over  150,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years.      They 
pheaper  than  ever.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co.  ,    Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


The  Iowa 

Horticultural 

Paper. 

Monthly, 
50  cents 
per  year. 

It  is  unique, 
planned  on 
original  lines. 

You  cannot 
be  up-to-date 
111  'uit  growing  unless  you  read  it. 

f  alance  of   this   year  free  to  new 

u  .cribers. 

THE  FRUITMAN, 

Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa. 

fie  Solution  of  the 
Be  Literature 
Pioblem 

Is  never  solved  until  it  is 
solved  right,  and  is  never 
solved  until  you  are  a 
1 1  subscriber  for  our  Jour- 
nal. A  new  corps  of 
writers  has  been  s^^cured 
to  contribute  regularly 
and  what  they  will  write 
will  all  be  new  to  you. 
Subscribe  to-day.  ^1.00 
a  year. 

t  Western  Bee  Journal 
sburg,    California, 
Adelsbach,  Editor 
Publisher. 


i 


50    YEARS' 
EXPERiENCE 


Trade  Marks 

Designs 

Copyrights  &c. 

Anyone  sending  a  sketch  and  description  may 
quickly  ascertain  our  opinion  free  wnetber  an 
Invention  is  probably  patentable.  Communica- 
tions strictly  conGdential.  Handbook  on  Patents 
sent  free.  Oldest  agency  for  securing  patents. 

Patents  taken  through  Munn  &  Co.  receive 
special  notice,  without  charge,  in  the 

Scientific  American. 

A  handsomely  illustrated  weekly.  Largest  cir- 
culation of  any  scientific  journal.  Terms,  $3  a 
year  ;  four  months,  11.    Sold  by  all  newsdealers. 

iyiUNN8Co.3«'Broadway.NewYork 

Branch  Office.  626  F  St.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


Subscription,  ....  50  Cents  a  Teur. 


Published  the  First  of  Every  Month 

and    Circulates    in    Every 

Sonthern   State. 


ADVERTISING   RATES  ON  APPLI- 
CATION. 


National  Beei- Keepers'  Association, 

The  largest  bee-keepers'  society  in  the 
world . 

Organized    to  protect    and  promote   the 
interests  of  its  members. 

Memberghlp  Pee,  $1.00  a  Year. 

N.E.FRANCE,  Platteviile,  Wis.. 

General  Manager  and  Treasurei 


Mtn-Keerfirs 


ABooQ 
For 

How  we  make  our  hens  pay~400 
per  cent,  profit,  new  system,  our 
own  method,  fully  explained  in 
our  Illustrated  Poultry  Boob,  which  contains 
Poultry  Keeperc'  Acc't  and  Egg  Record  showing 
gains  or  losses  evei'  month  for  oneyear.  Worth  25 
cts,  sent  to  you  for  IDc.  If  you  wUf  send  names  of  S 
poultry  keepers  with  your  order.  Address, 
e.  8.TIBUBRT.  P.B.  96.  Cllntonvilie.  Coni> 


1 


' 


ROOT'S  section: 

Best  Goods       Prompt  Shipments       Low  Freights 


At  This  Season  Sections  are  in  Demand. 

The  making  ol  sanded  and  polished  one-piece  sections 
is  one  ol  our  specialties,  and  our  output  has  reached 
fwenty-lKree  millions  a  year.  Having  an  investment 
ol  thousands  ol  dollars  in  special  automatic  machinery, 
we  are  enabled  to  turn  out  a  product  (hat  lor  quality. ' 
linish,  workmanship,  and  accuracy  cannot  be  excelled. 
The  sections  are  polished  in  doubie-surlacr  sanding- 
machines,  and  the  result  is  unilorm  quality,  and  the 
same  absolute  thicknes-   Irom  end  to  end. 

Our  No.  1  sections  are  made  ol  the  choicest  clear 
basswood  lumber,  and  are  all  perlect  in  linish.  and  tree 
Irom  delects.  They  are  not  all  snow-white,  hut  vary 
Irom  that  to  a  light  cream  color:  but  we  guarantee 
them  to  be  as  sound  and  strong  as  the  white.  Choice 
honey  shows  oil  to  best  advantage  in  a  section  not  too  ' 
white,  as  it  is  the  honey  r.-ither  than  the  wood  that  the 
customer  looks  at. 

Our  No.  2  sections  selected  Irom  our  best  grade  sell 
at  a  price  considerably  less  than  our  No.  1.  and  arc 
correspondingly  lower  in  quality.  The  larger  part 
arc  equal  to  No.  1  except  in  color,  while  some 
have  dark  spots  and  saw-marks,  or  other  blemishes 
which  exclude  them  Irom  No.  1  grade.  We  do  not 
make  the  No.  2  grade  lo  order,  but  have  them  only  as 
they  accumulate  in  making  No.  1 .  Many  prcler  this 
grade  when  they  see  them  at  the  lower  price. 


Styles  of  Sections. 

Style   1 .  t-,vo-l>i:eW(tv,   has   been   the  most 

pattern,  open  top  and  bottom. 

Style  2.  tin r't'-l't'eifav ,  has  been  recomme 

the   Dadants,   because   by   using    it   you  can  h. 

closed  or  open  and  the  sides  open. 

Style  3,  fi'iir-/)fe~wav,  is  open  on  all  lot 
Style  4.  I'n  -I'eciviiy^  is  open  on  one  sicJt 
Style   5.  pinin,    no   beeway.   used   with  i 

clealei  separators. 

Style  6.  (iovc  till  led  all  around  and  two  be' 

Prices  of  Sections,      v 

\\  by  4j   by  any  width   U  to  2'. 

Widths  ol  Style  1  sections  generally  kepi  ^ 
are  1  15-16,  IJ,  if,  7-lo-lt.,  while  2.  1*. 
can  also  be  lurnished;  plain  sections  1^,  15, 
1^.  When  you  do  not  specily  style  or  width] 
send  Style  1,  1^  inches  wide.  In  Style  5, 
will    be   sent    il    width    is    not   specilied.  '_ 


No,  1. 
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'P 


♦  ♦  M  ♦  4  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦  4 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦ 

t  QUEENS  AND  BEES 

■f  Have  you  ever  tried  my  queens?    If  not,  I  should  be  glad  to 

t  have  you  do  so,  as  they  ar  e  as  GOOD  AS  MONEY  CAN  BUY, 

AND  I  GUARANTEE  PE  RFECT  SATISFACTION. 

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Holy  Uands  and  Albinos.  Untested  of  either  race,  75  cents  each. 
Tested,  $1.50  each.  Breeders,  $3.00.  Contracts  made  for  large 
orders.     Two-framed  nucl  ei  a  specialty. 

B.   H.  STANLEY,  BEEVILLE,  TEXAS. 
l-5tf 


AHEAD  OF  SHOOK-SWARMING 


The  Miircli  Reviezv  is  now  in  process  of  pre- 
paration, and  will  be  out  about  the  middle  of 
the  month.  One  article  in  this  issue  will  be 
by  H.  G  Sil)bHld  of  Caiiada,  and  he  will  des- 
cribea  new  system  of  managementthat  prom- 
ises to  be  away  ahead  of  shook-swarming. 
It  has  these -idvaiitages:  No  shaking  of  the 
bees;  no  handling  of  the  brood;  no  possibility 
of  the  (lueen  being  in  the  wrong  hive;  no  dan- 
ger of  after-s  >  !irming;  no  increase  unless 
desired  (  but  easy  to  secure  if  wanted);  no 
queen  celis  to  hunt  up  ai.d  destroy;  yet  the 
whole  force  of  bees  may  be  kept  together  the 
whole  season,  and  each  colony  may  be  re- 
queened  with  a  queen  from  a  nuturallv  built 
ell. 


This  is  only  a  single  article  in  one  issue P: 
the  Review,  but  it  is  a,  fair  sample  of  whatyW. 
are  losing  if  you  don't  read  the  Kevieiv,  and  III 
what  you  will  gain  if  you  read  it.  Send  81.01 
for  the  Review  iOT  i905;  or  if  you  prefer,  yoi 
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cents  may  apply  on  any  subscription  sent  ll 
auring  the  year 


W.  Z.  Hutchinson, 


Flint,  Mich 


m: 


^[■^OU  take  the  croAvded  city  streets, 
c^        With  life  and  shops  galore; 
I'll  take  the  little  woodland  paths 

Down  hj  the  river  shore. 
You  take  the  public  gardens  where 

All  is  arranged  by  plan; 
I'll  take  the  .scenes  laid  out  by  God. 

And  undisturbed   by  man. 

You  take  the  fountain  on  the  lawn, 

And  listen  to  its  tale: 
I'll  listen  to  the  little  brook 

That  murmurs  through  the  vale. 
You  live  the  artificial  life, 

And    I    will    live   the   real; 
And  joy  will  come  to  me  in  mine 

That  your-s  can  ne'er  reveal. 

— Suburban  Life. 


152 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Augus  * 


AUGUST    IN   THE   APIARY. 


BY   ARTHUR   C.    MILLER. 

AUGUST  TO  MOST  of  us  seeming- 
ly tlie  vex-y  height  of  the  bee  sea- 
son is  ,yet  a  critical  time  in  bee 
management.  The  prosperity  of  the 
colonies  tempts  to  division  and  in- 
crease. Winter  seems  far  a^vay.  so  far 
that  it  >seems  absurd  to  think  of  it 
much  less  take  any  steps  toward  pre- 
paring for  it.  But  the  veteran  well 
knows  that  not  only  does  the  success- 
ful wintering  of  his  bees  depend  upon 
his  management  now  but  that  his  next 
season's  honey  crop  will  be  materially 
diminished  by  lack  of  proper  care  at 
thio5  time. 

Now  is  the  time  to  requeen  all  col- 
onies having  queens  two  years  old. 
and  by  two  years  old  bee-keepers  mean 
those  which  are  completing  their  sec- 
ond honey'  season.  Hence  queens 
reared  in  late  July  and  August  should 
be  good  for  the  next  two  summers, 
while  queens  reared  last  spring  before 
the  honey  harvest  should  be  replaced 
a  year  from  now.  Some  bee-keeperti 
requeen  every  fall,  others  permit  the 
bees  to  look  out  for  this  matter  them- 
selves, but  the  most  profitable  way 
seems  to  be  the  biennial  method. 

At  this  time,  when  in  most  places 
little  or  no  honey  is  being  gathered, 
it  is  well  and  easy  to  weed  out  poor 
combs  replacing  them  with  good  ones 
or  sheets  of  foundation.  The  keeper 
of  but  a  few  colonies  may  get  much 
pleasure  in  cutting  out  patches  of  drone 
comb,  crooked  places,  etc.,  and  fitting 
in  their  place  pieces  of  straight  work- 
er comb.  It  is  even  possible  to  patch 
out  combs  with  pieces  of  foundation. 
To  the  keeper  of  many  colonies,  the 
sorting  over  of  combs  is  often  neglect- 
ed though  there  is  little  question  that 
the  work  is  profitable.  The  busy  bee- 
keeper, however,  has  no  time  for  cut- 
ting and  patching,  all  poor  combs  go- 
ing into   the   wax   extractor. 

If  the  apiarist  has  a  choice  colony 
from  which  he  wishes  to  rear  drones, 
now  is  the  time  to  put  in  some  drono 
comb.  The  best  place  to  put  a  sheet 
of  drone  comb  is  the  second  from  the 
side  of  the  hive.  For  very  early  drones 
the  best  results  will  be  secured  where 
the  lower  third  of  three  or  four  of  the 
central  combs  are  of  drone  cells.  It 
is  well  when  going  through  the  col- 
onies now  to  fill  out  each  hive  with 
its  full  complement  of  combs  and  get 


the  brood  chamber  in  such  shape  tha 
it  will  not  have  to  be  materially  diii|oii: 
turbed  again.  If  some  colonies  hay 
an  excess  of  sealed  combs  of  hone 
the  surplus  may  be  given  to  less  pro! 
pcrous  stocks.  The  principle  is  t 
.so  arrange  the  combs  that  the  bee 
may  be  left  from  now  on  as  undisturl 
ed  as  possible,  to  the  end  that  the 
may  patch  and  repair  and  glue  to  the 
hearts'  content  and  arrange  the 
stores  as  their  instincts  guide  ther 
When  man  meddles  with  their  wv 
ter  larder  he  is  very  apt  to  so  disa 
range  it  as  to  cause  more  or  less  di 
astrous  loss  even  to  the  extent  t 
death  of  the  colony. 

In   localities   favored,  with    a   hon< 
flow    from    fall    flowers    a    surplus 
some   times    secured,    but   often   it 
more  profitable  to  let  the  bees  croV 
the  brood   nest  all   they   can.      If  ti 
colonies  contain  vigorous  queens  the 
is  no  danger  of  there  being  too  mui  | 
stored.     Fall  nectar  is  as  good  as  ai  lye 
other  for  wintering  provided  there  a  It  a 
bees  enough  to  properly  ripen  it. 
the  cool  fall  nights  it  requires  a  goo 
ly  population  to  ripen  the  nectar  a 
in   all  too   many  colonies  at   that  s( 
son  the  population  is  small.     Vigoro 
queens   will    prevent  this.      It  is  th 
tiiat  a  contracted  entrance  and  outsi, 
protection  are  valuable  aids. 

Providence,  R.  I.,  June  11,  3905. 


DISPOSING  OF  THE  HONEY  CR< 


SOU: 

«S  11 


BY   F.   GREINER. 

THE  PROBLEM  of  how  to  prodv- 
honey  is,  I  believe,  practical 
solved.  Every  bee-keeper  who  i 
been  with  us  for  the  past  ten  yearalntii 
acquainted  Avith  about  all  the  kia^ 
f^liort  cuts  and  general  niethoiis  pr 
ticed  by  successful  honey  p)-oducers 

The  older  bee-keepers,  I  beliei  Iwd 
could  go  on  to  the  end  of  their  cai^pi 
and  produce  lioney  with  rea.sonai 
success,  if  they  did  not  hear  or  re 
an  it  her  word  abouc  bee-keeping  & 
honey  production.  But  how  Ave  « 
get  the  most  money  out  of  our  holiMliir 
is  as  yet  an  unsolved  problem.  T8 
a  beginner,  for  example,  what  is 
to  do  Avith  his  honey?  He  is  quite  l 
to  sell  it  to  his  groceryman  at  anytlu|i5,ii^" 
he  can  get,  and  take  it  in  trade  at  th 
I  had  some  experience_again  this  p 
season  which  shows  that  this  is  • 
Avay  some  bee-keepers  dispose  of  th 
honev.      I   found   the   finest   honey 


I 


1 1)01 

)lr, 
Loii 


feliii- 
itcir 


!tOu. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


153 


I  \\'a.vlaiKl  store,  wlii(,'h  had  been 
inuuht  at  10  cents  per  ponnd.  I  had 
Hit  better  honey  to  show  than  this 
\  as,  and  I  wanted  15  cents  for  mine. 

The  reason  small  bee-keepers  will 
<11  at  such  prices  is,  they  are  not 
Misted  on  the  market  value  of  their 
iioduce.  If  we  could  induce  these 
r lends  of  ours  to  attend  such  meet- 
iiys  ais  ours  here,  such  business  would 
topped.  It  would  be  more  profit- 
hie  for  the  small  bee-keeper  to  ship 
i'S  honey  to  the  commis,sion  man,  he 
ould  thus  obtain  more  than  he  can 
t  the  average  country  store.  This  is 
ly  experience.  I  am  not  paid  by  the 
ommission  houses  to  advertise  their 
usiue.ss.  but  I  want  to  say  that  it 
my  opinion,  they  have  a  right  to 
xist — nay.  thej'  are  a  necessary  link 
1  the  chain  between  producer  and 
in.sumer.  I  ship  (juite  a  little  produce 
»  commission  houses  and  seldom  ob- 
lin  less  than  I  am  offered  by  produce 
uyers.  I  do  not  yet  see  how  we  can 
3t  along  without  some  middle  man  to 
andle  our  product. 
SuppOiSing  our  association  goes  into 
le  Imsiness  of  liuying  up  the  honey  or 
nal)lishing  commission  houses  in  dif- 
■rent  cities.  \Yould  it  not  cost  some 
ling  to  run  them,  and  would  not  the 
•oducer  have  to  foot  the  bills? 
If  we  send  Mr.  Niver  out  to  sell  our 
>ney.  will  we  not  have  to  pay  him? 
believe  the  commission  principle  i«s 
<^flie  right  one.  and  I  can  not  conipre- 
■nd  in  what  other  way  the  National 
isociation  or  some  honey  exchange 
as  it  is  styled  in  California — could 
mdle  the  business.  There  is  not  the 
sh  procurable  to  pay  down  five  per 
nt  on  .shipments  of  honey.  Where 
ould  that  money  come  from?  the 
»ney  producers  have  not  got  it  I  Tet 
ly  onp  explain  who  knows! 
I  would,  of  course,  urge  every  pro- 
(cer  of  honey  to  sell  all  he  can  in 
home  market.  But  it  is  not  true 
Mr.  E.  R.  Root  -said  before  the 
Louis  convention  that  bee-keepers 
lo  peddle  their  honey  obtain  from 
e-third  to  one-half  more  for  it:  at 
ist  it  is  not  true  here. 
Many  times  I  am  unable  to  ol)tain 
■n  The  whoiesale  price  (minus  the 
imnission  and  freiglit)  and  selling  at 
ail  at  that:  not  by  the  ca,se,  but 
the  section.  What  incentive  is  there 
induce  a  bee-keeper  to  peddle? 
Editor  Hutchinson  said  at  St.  Louis: 
i'S  jioor  policy  to  send  your  honey 


to  a  commission  house  and  sit  around 
all  winter  bottoming  chairs  or  holding 
down  dry  goods  boxes  when  good  mon- 
ey ciiu  be  made  selling  honey  during 
these  leisure  months."  Well  said  for 
Hutchinson,  but  I  would  rather  ship 
my  honey  to  a  commission  house  and 
get  my  money  in  a  nice  big  lump  and 
at  a  higher  price  than  obtainable  at 
home  than  to  fool  away  a  lot  of  time 
selling  in  a  small  way  with  many 
unjileasant  experiences  thrown  in  be- 
sides, even  if  it  was  necessary  to  bot- 
tom chairs  during  the  winter.  For- 
tunately though,  it  is  not  necessarj- 
for  a  man  to  idle  away  his  time  in 
that  way,  judging  others  by  myself. 

There  is  only  one  redeeming  feature 
about  this  selling  honey  at  home  as 
I  see  it.  It  creates  a  market  for  our 
product  and  relieves  the  city  market 
of  Just  that  much.  It  is  the  city  mar- 
ket that  governs  the  price  in  a  great 
measure,  and  the  more  honey  we  can 
keep  out  of  the  city  the  better  will 
be  the  prices.  If  therefore,  the  honey 
producers  acted  in  union  and  tried  to 
sell  at  home  as  much  of  their  product 
as  pos,sil)le.  prices  would  graduallj^ 
climb  up.  I  ship  very  little  extracted 
honey  away,  but  Avhat  I  did  ship  to 
commis-sion  men  has  brought  me  10 
cents  net.  for  fancy  white  put  up  in 
glass.  This  is  as  much  as  is  obtain- 
able here  at  retail. 

I  want  to  caution  the  beginner,  how- 
ever, about  shipping  lioney  to  ever.v 
commission  house.  There  are  i-eliable 
firms  as  well  as  unreliable  ones.  If 
the  bee-keeper'-s  crop  is  small  he  would 
better  sell  at  home  until  he  becomes 
known  as  a  honey  producer.  His  repu- 
tation will  be  all  the  more  quickl.v 
established  if  he  goes  around  peddling, 
visiting  private  houses  and  grocery 
stores  in  all  near  by  places.  People 
vvill  soon  know  him  as  a  honey  man 
and  inquiries  for  his  honey  will  come. 
Then  if  he  'Sees  fit  and  prices  are  a(s 
ceptable  he  can  sell  at  home  or  abroad 
as  seems  best  in  hi,s  judgment. 

I  do  not  object  to  the  establishing 
of  a  honey  exchange  of  a  national  char- 
acter. But  it  seems  to  me  the  hind- 
rances are  unsurmountable.  It  will 
t:ike  a  host  of  clerks  to  handle  the 
hone.v  crop  of  the  I'nited  States  and 
it  is  not  to  be  expected  but  that  an 
uni)rincipled  element  will  creep  in  just 
the  same  as  it  does  now  into  the  com- 
mission liouse  force.  If  Mr.  France 
could  handle  the  honey  all  himself,  or 


154 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


t 

August,. 


some  other  man  in  whom  we  all  have 
implicit  faith  and  who  is  absolutely 
reliable,  and  if  all  bee-keepers  were 
honest,  it  would  be  made  to  work.  I 
do  not  expect  to  see  the  plan  material- 
ize. 

As  to  what  honey  ought  to  bring  the 
bee-keeper,  in  other  words,  what  he 
ought  to  sell  it  at.  we  will  not  be 
able  to  settle.  The  market  value  of 
honey  is  a  very  uncertain  quantity, 
depending  on  the  quantity  produced 
and  the  purchasing  power  of  the  pub- 
lic. Pos-sibly  some  other  factor  may 
come  in  for  consideration.  Mr.  Root 
carried  the  idea  at  St.  Louis  that  hon- 
ey did  not  bring  enough  compared  with 
other  things.  Our  friend  York  said 
honey  ought  to  bring  50  per  cent  more, 
but  I  can  not  agree  Avith  them.  Gen- 
tlemen, honey  is  too  high  now.  That 
is  the  principal  reason  we  do  not  sell 
more  of  it  at  home.  When  bee-keepers 
realize  a  profit  of  from  eight  to  twenty 
dollars  per  hive,  as  it  appears  from 
reading  reports  in  bee  journals,  at  the 
low  price  of  14  cents  per  pound  for 
No.  1  comb  honey,  has  he  any  reason 
to  complain?  What  other  business 
Avould  give  him  an  income  like  that? 
Basing  my  opinion  upon  what  I  read, 
bee-keepers  are  in  clover;  and  honey 
is  plenty  high  enough.  If  I  could  ob- 
tain Doolittle  yields  I  could  sell  comb 
honey  at  5  cents  a  pound  with  a  profit. 

I  do  not  oppose  the  idea  that  our 
honey  should  be  advertised.  I  believe 
in  It.  If  we  can  raise  funds  enough 
I  would  suggest  to  use  a  whole  page 
of  evei-y  large  paper  in  America  for 
a  honey  advertisement. 

If  we  should  make  a  selection  of 
photos  from  our  apiarias,  showing  the 
bees,  hives  and  the  ways  we  work 
them,  etc.,  having  these  reproduced 
and  appearing  with  our  advertisements 
I  have  no  doubt  it  would  draw.  It 
would  open  the  eyes  of  the  public.  I 
am  obliged  to  agree  with  our  friend 
York  of  the  American  Bee  .Journal  on 
this  point  of  making  a  market  for  our 
product.  Naturally  I  belong  to  the 
opposition  every  time,  but  there  are 
cases  when  it  is  necessary  for  me  to 
agree. 

It  will  take  a  lot  of  money  to  adver- 
tise our  honey  effectively.  If  we  don't 
pool  our  interests  and  let  the  money 
come  forth,  it  can  not  be  done. 

Naples,  N.  Y. 


TIERING    UP. 


Other     Notes     and     Comir.ents. 


BY    GEO.    B.    HOWE. 

EDITOR  American   Bee-Keeper 
am   sending   you  some  photos  ol 
bee  hives  run  on  the  tiering  ii| 
plan  for  comb  honey. 

You  will  see  that  I  do  not  believe 
in  the  Hershiser  plan  of  two  supers 
on  a  hive.  I  claim  that  bees  have  gol 
to  have  a  super  two  or  three  days  bej 


lai 


ijTi 


fore  they  need  it  for  storing  honC; 
as  the  comb  builders  should  have  tj 
super  to  build  or  draw  the  foundai 
so  the  field  bees  can  have  a  plae 
put  the  nectar  or  it  will  be  los 
raise  the  supers  up  as  fast  as 
fill  them  and  put  an  empty  one  u 
with  full  sheets  of  foundation 
keeping  them  di'awing  comb  and 
letting  them  cap  any  in  the  lower  S' 
per  until  the  last  of  the  honey  floj| 
I  can  get  as  nice  white  fancy  hi 
over   old    black    combs    as    with 


1905,   . 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


155 


ombs.  Don't  raise  the  first  super  un- 
til they  commence  to  cap  a  little  in 
ill!'  center  boxes. 

I  have  had  as  many  as  eight  supers 
HI  one  hive  at  a  time,  but,  as  a  gen- 
eral thing,  I  think  five  supers  are  as 
nany  as  should  be  on  a  hi\*e  at  a 
ime.  I  have  taken  off  four  supers  at 
me  time — 90  boxes  and  all  fancy  honey 
xcept  two. 
I  use  an  escape  board.  I  never 
ave  any  trouble  with  bees  not  leav- 
ng  unless  there  Is  brood,  or  a  queen 


the  natural  shape  of  brood  chamber, 
to  find  a  bee  tree  and  cut  it  and  tell 
us  what  shape  it  is.  I  have  cut  bee 
trees  w^here  the  hollow  was  from  eight 
to  ten  feet  in  length  and  from  eight 
to  twelve  inches  through,  and  where 
the  bees  had  used  the  comb  for  brood 
was  three  or  four  feet  in  length. 

Keep  your  honey  where  it  is  dry 
and  warm.  Do  not  put  it  in  a  cellar 
or  near  anything  with  a  strong  odor, 
such  as  onions,  kerosene,  etc.,  as  it  is 
very   sensitive  to   such   things. 

I  would  say  to  Prof.  Cook  that  the 
queen  ant  pulls  her  own  wings  off 
after  mating.  This  can  be  ea-sily  prov- 
en by  watching  her  after  the  queen 
and  drone  separate. 

Black  River,  N.  Y.,  June  15,  1905. 


PROFITABLE      MARKETING. 


ill  some  times  be  in  super. 
There  is  a  lot  of  honey  ruined  every 
ar  in  removing  it  from  the  hive  by 
ing  too  much  smoke  to  get  the  beea 
t.  The  honey  will  taste  of  smoke. 
)w   while   most  people    like  smoked 

i?ats,   there  is   hardly   any   one   thai 

1  es  smoked  honey. 
I    know    that    by    giving    plenty    of 

-pervS,    and    lots    of   ventilation    from 

Ittom  of  hive  you  will  control  swarm- 

U  to  a  certain  extent. 
[  would  like  to  ask  those  who  mak(» 

U  claim  that  the  form  of  a  cube  is 


A  Suggestion  for  the  Consideration 
of   the  Smaller  Producer. 

BY   J.   MILTON   WEIR. 

REALIZING  THAT  bee-keepers 
have  of  late  years  lost  a  great 
deal  of  honey  by  not  getting  it, 
as  an  Irishman  might  say;  and  that 
the  prices  received  for  their  limited 
output  have  been  ridiculously  low,  the 
writer  has  been  tempted  to  tell  what 
be  Ijelieves  to  be  the  most  natural 
means  of  improving  existing  condi- 
tion*. 

Many  bee-keepers  produce,  in  a  fair 
.season,  several  tons  of  honey,  prin- 
cipally extracted,  which  at  a  net  price 
of  four  and  a  half  or  five  cents  per 
pound,  brings  them  only  a  few  hun- 
dred dollars. 

Now,  according  to  prices  paid  for 
other  goods,  honey  is  easily  worth  two 
or  three  times  that  which  is  now  paid 
for  it.  but  the  question  is  to  make  the 
public  demand  it  at  the  advanced 
figures. 

There  are  certain  goods  which  are 
on  sale  at  all  grocery  stores  and  which 
everybody  uses,  such  as  condensed 
milk,  canned  meats,  breakfast  foods, 
rolled  oats,  various  canned  syrups, 
Uneeda  biscuit,  etc.  These  goods  are 
in  practically  universal  use,  and  can- 
ned or  in  packages  have  largely  super- 
seded similar  goods  in  bulk. 

If  we  could  bring  honey  into  this 
class,  the  problem  of  marketing  would 
be  solved,  and  producers  sure  of  an 
income. 


Ilpl 


till 


156  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  August 

As  will  be  seeu,  tliere  are  particular  eager  and  curious,  but  seemed  some- 
features  about  these  articles  which  what  awestricken  with  the  idea  of  a 
undoubtedlj'  have  a  great  deal  to  do  whole  barrel  of  honey.  "A  barrel  ol 
with  their  popularity,  and  a  definite  honey!"  they  would  exclaim,  "Whyi 
business  policy  in  presenting  them  to  we  sell  honey  in  pound  bottles  aiifi 
the  public.  Such  goods  are  put  up  in  it  is  not  often  called  for  at  that.  A 
packages  of  moderate  .size,  so  that  barrel  of  honey  would  la,st  us  foi 
they  will  all  be  used  before  they  are  years."  If  they  had  been  supplied  witl 
apt  to  .spoil  or  deteriorate.  Such  eizes  honey  in  small  cans,  probably  it  woulc 
are  also  veiy  convenient  to  handle,  have  met  with  a  ready  ^sale. 
The  size,  most  commonly  used  weighs  Bottles,  jars  and  tumblers  are  to< 
about  two  pounds.  The  package  itself  expensive  for  the  small  quantity  o 
is  as  inexpensive  as  possible  to  prop-  honey  they  contain, 
erly  preserve  the  goods  contained.  Mason  jars  are  expensive  and  ari 
Not  only  is  the  cost  kept  down,  but  not  a  popular  package  for  grocerieSi 
the  purchaser  is  not  worried  about  Lard  paiks  are  clumsy  and  apt  to  t» 
spending  hi«  money  on  something  to  sloppy,  while  square  cans  are  es 
be  thrown  away.  The  wrapper  or  pensive  and  are  too  larg'^.  Most  o 
label  is  made  of  an  attractive  appear-  these  ve-ssels  hold  too  much  or  to 
ance  with  a  few  brief  and  striking  little  to  become  popular.  What  woul. 
statements  of  the  uncommon  merits  seem  to  be  the  logical  retail  i^ackag 
of  the  goods  enclosed,  printed  so  as  for  honey  is  the  inexpensive  tw( 
to  catch  the  eye;  and  concise  directions  pound,  round.  frictio«-cap  tin  can.  Th: 
for  use.  The  whole  idea  is  to  attract  is  now  used  for  a  great  variety  ( 
and  plea-se,  and  to  convince  the  pur-  goodc?.  It  is  .similar  to  the  commo 
chaser.  trmato   can    Avith    the    exception   thsr 

The    manufacturer  .of    such   an   ar-  it  is  sealed   with  a  pressed  tin   ])hi 

.tide  Uvses  every  means  to  attract  the  which  is  forced  into  the  opening,  mal 

attention   of  the   public  to  his   goods,  ing  a  perfectly  tight  joint.     This  ca 

Premium  offers  are  often  enclosed,  and  is  cheap,   of  popular  shape  and   siZ' 

he  advertises  in  all  classes  of  publica-  it    is    easily    filled,    easily    sealed   ail 

tions.    Advertising  is  a  most  important  easily  packed,  and-  could  be  display*) 

factor  in  pushing  sales;  and  bringing  to    advantage   on    .shelves    with    otiU 

the  ])ublic  to  your  own  way  of  think-  canned  stuf^.  It  would  hold  about  thr» 

ing   has   been   brought   to      a   science,  pounds  of  honey. 
It  is  a   matter  for  regret  that  this  is       A    suitable    label    should    be    pastt 

a  practical  impo,ssibility  for  the  aver-  aroraid    the   can;   and   right    here  a 

age    bee-keeper,    or    even    associations  some      important  points:      The     lat 

of  bee-keepers,  as  any  adequate  cam-  should  be  gotten  up  by  some  one  coi 

paign  of  advertising  would  cost  many  potent  and  experienced.      The  print 

thousands  of  dollars.  ,  matter    should   be   bright   and   catch 

It  is  suggested  that  bee-keepers  prac-  and  should  state  the  merits  of  the  a 

tice  putting  their  product  in   market-  tide   in   a   brief  and   pointed   manm 

able  shape   similar   to   that   described,  so  that  it  might  be  read  at  a  glance. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  much  better       a  few  words  might  be  added  to  t 

i-eturns  may  be  had  by  putting  honey  effe.-t   that    honev    is    a    natural    foe 

in  handy  and  attractive  packages.  Mr.  coiLsists  mainlv  of  grapesugar,  and  m; 

Seizor  has   been   extremely  successful  i)p   ^sed     to   advantage   where     otb 

in  working  out  this   idea  in   Philadel-  sweets   are   injurious.^     It  should  al 

Pl^i^-  be  stated  that  honev  is  apt  to  becor   % 

Most  people  living  within  easy  reach  golid   with   cold,  but  may  be  liquefi)  fik 

of    their    grocers      give    orders    every  ^v    the    application    of    heat.       The 

morning,  buying  only  enough   for  the  should  be  a  space  for  the  name  of  t 

needs  of  the  day.     Being  in  the  habit  variety'  and   the  signature  of  the  pi 

of  buying  in  small  quantities,  for  the  fUicer,  with  the    word,s.    "Not  genul 

advantage  of  variety,  they  do  not  care  nnless  this  space  is  properlv  filled." 
to  take  honey  in  large  cans  or  jars.  Long-winded.        prosy        statemer 

The  writer  once  attempted  to  dispose  should  be  avoided,  as  they  are  seldc 

of  a   quantity  of  honey  in   St.   Angus-  read. 

tine.    Carrying  a  sample  of  fine  honey.       If  the  public  could  once  become  f 

he  visited  each  of  the  large  retail  gro-  customed  to  such  an  article,  small  pi 

ceries.    Proprietors  and  clerks  all  were  ducers  .should  be  able  to  dispose  ^ 


iitiilti 
bad 

iati 
teve 


•a(i 


905, 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


157 


lieir  crop*  of  canned  honey  at  the 
ocal  stores  without  the  worry  and 
rouble  now  attending  such  a  transac- 
ion,  and  those  having  large  crops 
hould  hud  a  ready  sale  with  the  deal- 
rs  in  their  nearest  town,  instead  of 
eing  compelled  to  ship  their  honey  in 
ulk  to  the  great  cities,  as  now. 
Distribution  is  the  great  problem 
1  marketing  any  crop,  and  if  the  poli- 
y  here  ou'tlined  were  carried  out  it 
/■ould  be  solved.  Consider  a  moment: 
mall  producers  of  honey  are  scattered 
irough  every  county  in  every  state 
the  Union.  If  each  should  sell  his 
'op  in  his  own  immediate  territory 
le  honey  would  be  distributed! 
Heretofore  when  a  man  has  made  a 
lipment  to  a  merchant  in  hivs  own 
ty,  that  merchant  has  often  reshipped 
a  commission  house,  taking  his  own 
?rcentage  from  the  commission  man's 
turns. 

It  is  said  that  only  a  small  percent- 
?e  of  the  honey  produced  is  used  on 
le  table,  the  remainder  going  into 
anufactories.  When  the  public  de- 
ands  honey  on  the  same  scale  as 
itter,  coffee  or  sugar,  the  supply  will 
)t  more  than  equal  the  demand,  pro- 
icers  will  be  able  to  sell  nearly  di- 
et to  the  consumer  and  a  great  deal 
business  will  be  taken  out 
the  hands  of  middle  men  to  the 
miediate  profit  of  the  bee-keeper. 
Fort  Pierce,  Fla.,  July  18.  1905. 


FOUNDATION     IN     SECTION- 
HONEY. 

s        Use       Strongly       Condemned. 


BY   F.   GREINER. 

P  HAS  SURPRISED  me  when  I 
read  what  statements  the  associate 
editor,  Arthur  Miller,  made  in  re- 
rd  to  sugar  being  u^sed  largely  to 
oduce  comb  honey.  It  is  difBcuIt 
me  to  believe  any  .such  a  thing, 
ssibly  becaii'se  I  have  never  even 
)ught  of  doing  it  myself  and  know 

no   other   bee-keeper    in    my    vicin- 
who  does. 
But,  as  friend  Miller   has  taken   up 
J  cudgel  and  is  hot  after  this  kind 

adulteration.  I  wonder  if  he  will 
t  go  a  step  farther  and  pursue  the 
her  adulterators  of  comb  honey  who 
only  use  comb  foundation  in  full 
iets,  yes  even  with  bottom  starters 

that,  but  openly  advocate  it«  use? 

elieve  the  use  of  foundation  in  sec- 


tions is  largely  responsible  for  the 
many  stories  of  manufactured  comb 
honey,  which  are  circulating  as  well 
avs  the  i-eadiness  with  which  they  find 
believers.  A  consumer  of  honey  rea- 
sons thus:  "If  these  bee-keepers  are 
shrewd  enough  to  give  us  a  substi- 
tute for  the  comb,  they  will  surely 
know  enough  to  mix  up  the  syrup  and 
do  tlie  rest." 

Editor  Hutchinson  values  comb  hon- 
ey built  by  the  bees  at  5  cents  per 
pound  above  the  article  that  is  built 
on  artificial  foundation.  There  is  ful- 
ly (5uch  a  difference  in  the  value  and  in 
the  cost  of  production.  Comb  honey 
with  artificial  foundation  as  a  base 
should  be  braBded  as  a  fraud  without 
each  box  of  honey,  each  section,  has 
on  it  in  plain  letters:  "Tlie  honey  con- 
tained in  this  box  is  built  on  artificial 
midrib." 

Our  bee  journals  could  help  the  mat- 
ter along  by  keeping  a  standing  list 
of  bee-keepers  in  their  journals  who 
Avill  not  use  comb  foundation  in  section 
honey,  at  least  not  more  than  one 
square  inch  per  box,  which  is  sulE- 
cient  to  start  the  bees  straight.  I  don't 
wish  to  be  too  hard  on  the  foundation 
users  by  asking  the  publication  of 
their  name^s.  Wishing  to  be  an  honest 
man,  wishing  to  deal  fairly  with  my 
fellow-meri,  I  know  I  could  not  look 
them  in  the  face  unblushingly  if  I  had 
outwitted  them  by  selling  them  an  in- 
ferior article  of  coaib  honey  at  a  high 
pi'ice,  a  price  which  in  their  inno- 
cence they  were  supposing  to  pay  for 
the  genuine  Itee  product. 

Comb  foundation  is  a  good  thing,  but 
the  liealth  food  congress  should  be  af- 
ter it  when  it  is  used  in  comb  honey 
offered  for  sale. 

The  poorer  an  article  we  produce, 
the  more  adulteration  we  practice,  the 
more  we  will  have  to  advertise  to 
make  a  market.  It  would  only  seem 
fair  that  the  foundation  users  pay  the 
bill  for  the  advertising  to  be  done  by 
the  Honey  Producers'  League.  The 
dues  of  the  straight  men,  if  they  are 
expected  to  join  the  League,  .should  be 
so  low  as  to  be  nominal.  The  good  ar- 
ticle will  advertise  itself;  it  is  the 
poor  article   which  needs   advertising. 

Naples,    N.   Y.,   July  4,   1905. 


Dull  care!    Dull  care!     the  poet  sings, 

And  smites  his  mournful  harp. 
My  cares  are  more  distressing   things 
They're  all  uncommon  sharp. 


158 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


August, 


WINTERING  BEES  IN   SAVARTH- 
MORE    MATING   BOXES 

With    Little    Over    a    Half    Pint    of 
Bees  to  Each  Box. 


Do  not  disturb  them  again  until  spring 
when  they  should  be  examined  and 
supplied  with  more  honey  if  needed 
by  changing  the  comb  containing  the 
least  brood,  for  one  of  honey. 

To    prevent   any    possibility   of   the 

BY  E.  L.  PRATT.  queens  wandering  away  from  the  clus- 

OR    YEARS    the    northern    queen   ter  place  a  piece  of  queen  ex.   '"Tin^ 

breeders  have  been  hunting  for  a   metal  over  the  the  flight  holej 

plan  to  winter  over  extra  queens    inside.    A  three-quarter  inch  fl^^ 


in  an  economical  way  in  order  that 
they  might  enter  the  market  and  com- 
pete with  the  soutTiern  breeders  in  the 
early-queen  trade.  It  is  in  spring  that 
the  demand  for  queens  is  heavy  and 
owing  to  the  northerner's  inability  to 
furnish  queens  before  the  month  of 
June,  prices  naturally  range  quite 
high  and  many  a  queenless  colony  has 
suffered  because  of  the  inadequate  sup- 
ply of   queens  in    early   spring. 


is  none  too  large  for  wintering 
in  Swarthmore  mating  boxes. ; 
Swarthmore,  Pa.,  March  ISj; 


J 
A     HIVE      OPENING     Tf 


T 


BY  M.   F.  REEVE.. r 

ERE    is    a    haudy    imple' 

have  around  at  exti'acti' 

or  any  time  when  you  h'*' 

to  open.    It  is  powerful  enougi. 

If  the  honey  producer  could  winter   ^j^^  ^^^,^^.  ^^  ^   j^j^e  or  ^j^e  •» 

a    numbei-^  of  e^tra   queens  to   supply   ^^  i^^^^q  jf  you  only  have  levt 


to 
at 
le 
k' 


ough 

The  idea  was  obtained  fromi 

lar's    jimmy     at    Philadelphia: 

headquarters. 

The  one  I  had  made  cost  me  , 
'nts.  '-' 

I  picked  up  a  piece  of  nan 

riage  spring  from   scrap  pile 

the  blacksmi 

from  it.      In   shape  it  was   H 


two  ends  to  a  sharpe  edge  so  as  1 
allow  for  inserting  it  in  narrow  crev 
ces.  It  worked  well  with  propolize 
frames. 

Rutledge,  Pa.,  Sept.  13,  1904. 

CHAUTAUQUA  SEASON. 

The  New  York  State  Summer  Inst 


winter  losses  at  just  the  right  time 
many  a  good  colony  might  be  saved 
which  would  mean  at  the  close  of  the 
season  vso  much  more  honey  for  mar- 
ket. 

I  have  successfully  wintered  queens   (^pj^^"^" 
in  Swarthmore  mating  boxes  with  less 
than  a  pint  of  bees  to  each  queen  and 

have,  I  believe,  solved  the  problem  of   t^e^  blacksmith"forge'"the"tooI 
early    queen    traffic    for   the   northern 
breeder. 

It   is  surprising  how  well  these  lit-  1 

tie  clusters  of  bees  withstand  the  cold  I 

and  blow  of  our  severe  northern  lati-  rj.^^  ^^j^^,^  j^^^^^^  ^^^  ^^^^^^  ^21- 
tude-the  rate  of  death  seems  much  ^^^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^  blacksmith  tapered  tb 
less  in  proportion  to  the  strong  stand- 
ard colony — but  being  in  compact  clus- 
ter directly  on  full  combs  of  select 
honey,  I  suppose,  they  have  every 
chance.  Where  the  full  colony  may 
become  separated  these  little  clusters 
are  closely  confined  in  a  given  space. 
I  have  not  found  it  necessary  to  even 
cellar  them.  I  of  course  pi'ovide  shelter 
from   the   wind   and  storm,   either  by 

placing  the  boxes  inside  a  standard  tute  at  Chautauqua  will  be  open  f( 
hive  body  with  a  tight  roof  (four  to  four  weeks,  from  July  10  to  Augui 
a  hive)  and  a  flight  hole  on  each  side;  4th,  and  again  arrangements  have  bee 
or,  inside  a  shed  or  small  house  with  made  whereby  members  of  the  inst 
flight  holes  bored  through  the  board-  tute  will  be  entitled  to  free  gate  he] 
i„  ets  at  Chautauqua  and  to  the  privi 

In  making  up  these  wintering  boxes  eges  of  the  classes  of  the  Chautauqu 
I  take  up  two  or  three  cupfuls  of  young  Institution  Summer  Schools  during  ti 
bees  as  explained  in  my  boolv  "Baby  entire  six  weeks  of  the  session.  Tt 
Nuclei"  and  just  before  winter  actual-  conditions  of  these  privileges  are  gi" 
ly  arrives  l'  iiive  each  box  two  fat  en  below.  Members  of  the  lastitu^ 
combs  of  good  honey— do  this  on  a  will  be  exempt  from  gate  fees  J 
warm  day  to  give  the  bees  a  chance  Chautauqua  July  8th-August  19th  u 
to  <?ettle  as  they  like  upon  the  combs,    elusive. 


{ 


ing. 


1905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


159 


Members  of  the  institute  are  entitled 
to  free  tuition  from  July  10-August 
IStli  inclusive  in  any  two  courses  not 
starred  of  those  offered  in  the  schools 
of  English,  Modern  Languages,  Classi- 
cal Languages,  Mathematics  and  Sci- 
ence ind  Pedagogy.  See  pages  4  to  14. 
B,v  -ial  arrangement  Avith  the  Prin. 
ui,  '  Instruction   and  the  Director 

>j,.         astitute,  principals  and  academ- 
,,  lers  may  be  admitted  to  three 

'^.^  instead  of  two. 

Qf.  ers  intending  to  become  mem- 

^  he  institute  should  upon  reach.- 

j.  lutauqua  purchase   single  day 

^  for  admission  to  the  grounds. 

a.j,  ,         hey   have  registered   as   mem- 
g,.  e  cost  of  their  tickets,  iC  pur- 

,  during   the   above   dates,   will 

Z,^  "'ned  to   them, 

r  COMBINED  HIVE  STAND. 


COMB      HONEY. 


JY  OTTO  LUHDORFF. 
1  B  is  the  bottom  and  alight- 
I'd  nailed  together,  solid, 
bottom-board  is  at  m  and  n 
to  the  main  frame,  either  by 
of  leather  or  hinges;  strong 
is  preferable. 


At  o  are  three  or  four  holes,  also 
on  the  opposite  side,  for  putting  in 
one  nail  on  each  side,  on  which  the 
bottcm-board  will  rest  in  front.  By 
changing  the  nails  the  height  of  the  en- 
trance can  be  adjusted  at  will,  or  even 
be  closed  entirely. 

Two  cros,s-boards  on  the  bottom 
make  the  whole  solid. 

This  liottom-board  has  the  advantage 
against  the  Danzenbaker,  that  there 
are  no  grooves  which  collect  dirt  and 
clog.  The  whole  bottom-board  is  one 
solid  surface  and  can  easily  be  cleaned. 
No  patent. 

Visalia.  Calif..   Feb.,  23,  1905. 


"We  read  in  booKs  a  hundred  awful 
rule;<4 
And,  called   to  act,  are  only  learned 
fools." 


In  March,  1905,  there  was  formed 
in  Chicago  and  incorporated  the  fol- 
lowing month  in  Illinois  an  organiza- 
tion called  the  Honey  Producers' 
League.  One  of  its  objects  is  "to 
publish  facts  about  honey  ani5  counter- 
act misrepresentations  of  the  same." 
It  is  ho]ied  through  the  efforts  of  this 
league,  with  the  co-operation  of  the 
leading  newspapers  and  magazines  of 
our  country,  to  turn  the  tide  in  favor 
of  the  use  of  honey  as  a  dally  food 
and  also,  as  before  stated,  to  endeavor 
to  correct  the  popular  delusion  that 
comb  honey  is  a  man-made  article. 

Some  twenty-five  years  ago  a  noted 
"professor,"  in  order  to  work  off  a 
superabundance  of  "fun,"  as  he  termed 
it,  published  the  statement  that  honey 
comb  was  manufactured,  then  filled 
with  glucose  and  sealed  over,  all  with 
appropriate  machinery.  It  seems  that 
the  press  of  those  days  was  waiting  to 
welcome  such  a  yarn  and  forthwith 
scattered  the  news  throughout  the 
length  and  breadth  of  the  land.  It 
was  so  well  done  and  seemed  to  be 
so  eagerly  swallowed  by  the  public 
that  its  unfortunate  repetition  has 
been  going  on  during  all  the  years.  The 
very  best  of  metropolitan  dailies,  as 
well  as  the  most  conservative  month- 
lies of  largest  circulations,  have  been 
deceived  by  the  comb  honey  misrepre- 
sentations and  have  unwittingly  aided 
in  its  further  dis-semination. 

Almost  for  the  last  twenty  years 
there  has  been  a  standing  offer  of  $1,- 
000  made  by  a  reputable  firm  for  just 
one  pound  of  the  so-called  manufactur- 
ed comb  honey.  But  if  there  is  any 
such  article  In  existence,  strange  to 
say  no  one  has  as  yet  proved  his  claim 
to  the  reward  offered.  The  fact  is, 
comb  honey  has  never  been  made  ex- 
cept by  bees,  as  otherwise  it  is  a 
mechanical  impossibility. 

It  is  true  that  the  liquid  honey — 
honey  taken  from  the  original  honey 
comb  by  centrifugal  force — is  some- 
times adulterated  with  glucose  and  of- 
fered as  a  pure  article,  but  the  var- 
ious state  food  laws  are  fast  getting 
after  such  adulteration  and  either  com- 
pelling its  true  labelling  or  driving  it 
from  the  open  market.  At  least  since 
the  passage  and  enforcement  of  such 
laAvs  in  varioiLs  states  adulterated 
liquid  honey  is  disappearing  from  the 
field  of  food   products. 


100 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Avigust, 


To  sum  up,  tlien,  auy  comb  honey 
found  upon  the  market  in  small  woorl- 
eu  frames  can  be  relied  xipon  a-s  be- 
ing- absolutely  pure  bees'  boney.  Of 
course,  tbe  flavor  may  not  always  be 
the  same,  as  each  nectar-yielding  va- 
riety of  flower  produces  honey  of  its 
own  peculiar  aroma,  just  as  the  purt. 
maple  sugar  or  syimp  tastes  of  the 
maple  and  not  of  the  beech  or  oak. 

It  may  be  said,  further,  that  the 
prospects  for  a  generous  crop  of  honey 
to  be  harvested  throughout  the  coun- 
try the  next  two  or  three  months  seem 
to  be  excellent  at  this  time.  So  in 
all  probability  there  will  be  plenty  of 
this  most  healthful  sweet  for  every 
inhabitant  in  the  land,  and  each  should 
see  to  it  that  he  gets  his  share. 

GEORGE  W.  YORK, 
Manager  the  Honey  Prodiicers'  Teagrue, 

Chicago. — Chicago  Baily  News. 

Don't  Discourage  tlie  Fhiladelphian 

A  Philadelphian  has  e.stablished  a 
bee  colony  on  the  roof  of  his  place  of 
l)usiness  Avith  a  view  to  cultivating 
bee  stings  for  the  cure  of  rheumati-sm. 
The  man  may  be  foolish,  but  he  is  not 
mad. 

The  theory  of  the  rheumatism  re- 
lieving power  of  the  'bee  sting,  accord- 
ing to  rlie  Scientific  American,  is  one 
of  long  standing,  especially  in  some 
country  districts.  There  is  a  remote 
possiliility  that  the  poison  of  the  sting 
may  neutralize  the  acid  in  the  blood 
which  i-s  presumed  to  be  the  cause  of 
rheumatism,  but  Professor  Benton,  the 
bee  expert  of  the  entomological  divi- 
sion of  the  Agricultural  Department, 
does  not  think  so.  He  himself  suffers 
from  1'heumati.sm  at  certain  times  of 
the  year,  although  he  has  been  stung 
by  bees  many  thousand  times. 

At  his  own  sugge^stion  he  took  a  hon- 
ey Ijee  and.  holding  it  by  its  wings, 
allowed  the  insect  to  sting  his  hand. 
After  separating  the  body  from  the 
sting,  the  latter,  V)y  convulsive  muscu- 
lar action,  forced  it*  way  still  deeper 
into  the  flesh,  thus  supi)orting  the  the- 
ory held  on  this  point  by  the  Philadel- 
phia man  and  many  others,  that  flie 
<^ting  remains  active  after  sejiaration; 
Init  the  ]>rofessor's  observation  is  that 
parting  with  its  sting  does  not,  con- 
trary to  poi)ular  belief,  kill  the  bee. 

It  appears  that  the  immediate  in- 
centive to  the  Philadelphia  man  iiS  the 


announcement  of  an  enterprising  firm 
of  manufacturing  chemists  in  the 
Quaker  city  that  it  Avill  buy  up  all 
the  bee  stings  that  may  be  offered  at 
the  rate  of  .t^lO  a  thousand,  with  the 
purpose  of  monopolizing  the  rheuma- 
ti-sm cure. 

How  to  extract  the  stings  profita- 
bly was,  of  course,  the  most  diflRcult' 
problem  confronting  the  PhiladelphiaiC 
but  he  seems  to  have  solved  it  in  p' 
Avay.  Taking  advantage  of  the  weti 
known  antipathy  of  the  bee  to  the, 
horse,  or  to  anything  that  i>s  touchegL) 
by  the  odor  of  the  horse,  he  riibs  a* 
ruber  cloth  over  one  of  these  animalj^ 
places  it  in  a  position  convenient  |;o 
the  bees,  Avhen  the  latter,  driving  ^t 
it  furionsly.  bury  their  darts  in  the 
fabric,  and  in  attempting  to  draAV  haJk 
leave  them  there.  Then  the  Philadel- 
])hia  man  picks  the  stings  out,  counts 
rhem.  packs  them,  and  when  he  has  a 
thousand  of  them  he  Avill  test  the  sin- 
cerity of  the  chemical  concern. 

It  is  sU'Spected  in  scientific  as  well 
as  in  other  circles  that  the  manufactur- 
ing chemists  are  advertising  for  bee 
stings  Avith  the  purpose  of  later  on 
introducing  a  rheumatism  cure  Avhich 
Avill  be  'Must  as  good."  HoAvever  this 
may  be,  the  idea  that  the  bee  sting  in-, 
dustry  could  possibly  be  monopolized 
is  pronounced  to  be  utterly  a1>surd  by 
those  Avho  are  familar  Avith  bee  culture 
in  this  country.  A  hive  or  colony  of 
bees,  -says  Professor  Benton,  ordinari- 
ly contains  from  30,000  to  60,000  in- 
sects. There  are  many  apiaries  in 
the  United  States  Avhich  contain  froro 
1,.^00  to  1,700  colonies,  and  if  these 
do  not  average  more  than  .lo.OOO  beeiS 
to  the  colony  the  production  of  bee 
sting  poison  for  the  cure  of  rheuma 
tism,  assuming  that  there  was  any 
serious  intention  of  commercializing 
tlie  stings,  would  be  suflicient  for  half  a 
year  to  supply  the  demand  for  half  a 
century.  The  only  Avay.  therefore,  in 
Avhich  the  bee  sting  monopolist  could 
maintain  his  bee  sting  plant  on  a 
profitable  basis  would  be  to  discover 
some  means  Avhereby  the  number  of 
rheumatics  in  the  Avorld  might  be  mul- 
tiplied many  times  over. 

Stdl.  nothing  should  be  said  or  done 
at  present  to  discourage  the  Philadel- 
l)hia  man.  It  would  be  cruel  to  throw 
cold  Avater  upon  anything  that  prom- 
ised to  take  the  form  of  an  original 
enterpri-se  in  Philadelphia.— Chicago 
Inter-Ocean. 


mil 
m 


h 


&^^ 


■♦♦♦»♦•♦•  ♦♦♦♦♦MM»»»»»M»»  Mtf-^ 


THE 


Bee -Keeping  World 


staff  Contributors:    F.  QREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ. 

Contributions  to  this  Department  are  solicited  from  all  quarters  of  the  earth. 


AUSTRIA. 


A  bee-keeper  by  the  name  of 
Gergelyi  has  come  to  tlie  conclusion  ac- 
coi'iling  to  the  Leipz.  Bztg.  that  clip- 
ping queens  does  not  pay.  He  clipped 
80  of  lii'S  queens  and  now  complains 
that  the  queens,  when  bees  were 
swarming,  dropped  down  onto  the 
ground  and  niuny  were  lost.  Later 
swarms  issued  with  virgin  queens  and 
he  was  worse  off  than  he  would  have 
been  without  the  clipping.  The  wonder 
to  the  writer  is,  that  no  editorial  re- 
mark is  offered,  saying  Gergelyi  did 
not  conceive  the  object  of  the  practice 
of  clipping.  What  did  the  man  ex 
pect  ? 


••^r»M»  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦  M  ♦♦♦ 

operator  will  learn  tliis  after  a  very 
few  trials  without  any  Insti'uction  and 
the  same  plan  has  recently  been  spok- 
en of  in  the  Bienen-Vater  by  the 
Gleaner. 


GERMANY. 


GENERAL  NOTES. 

Pirson  says  in  Praxis  der  Bzcht. 
that  it  i-s  a  better  plan  to  do  the  ex- 
tracting at  the  closing  of  the  bass- 
wood  honey  season  i-ather  than  to  do 
frequent  extracting  thus  keeping  dif- 
ferent kinds  of  honey  separate  but  al- 
so secure  rather  green  honey. 

The  same  writer  also  recommends 
the  use  of  acid  phenique  for  stibduing 
bees.  One-fourth  to  one-third  ounce 
with  a  quart  of  water.  Saturate  a 
cloth  and  spread  it  over  the  expo-sed 
frames.  After  five  minutes  the  bees 
have  become  ^^ubmissive  and  may  be 
handled  with  but  little  additional 
smoke. 

In  removing  honey  from  the  hive 
he  would  prefer  to  use  the  Porter 
bee  escape,  but  his  hives  are  not  prop- 
erly constructed  for  its  use.  He  wants 
to  use  four  of  the  escapes  in  one  board 
(a  ^single  one  answers  the  purpose  just 
as  well.     The  Gleaner). 

When  extracting,  he  says,  run  the 
extractor  at  moderate  speed  at  first, 
"thus  emptying  the  cells  on  one  side  of 
the  combs  partially,  reverse  the  combs 
and  I'un  .it  full  speed,  rever-se  again 
and  run  at  full  -speed.     The  observing 


Doering  proposes  to  solve  the  prob- 
lem of  effecting  a  sale  of  German  hon- 
ey by  establishing  an  advertising  sheet 
and  sending  it  out  to  dealers,  hotels, 
restaurants,  etc.  He  suspects  that  20,- 
000  bee-keepers  will  join,  raise  a  fund 
to  defray  the  expenses,  etc.  It  is 
hopeftil  the  scheme  will  materialize. 
It  all  dejiends  on  the  bee-keepers  them- 
selvCkS  and  the  faith  they  have  in  the 
undertaking.  The  cost  of  issuing  and 
mailing  is  estimated  to  require  about 
$10,000. 

The  gist  of  a  long  article  by  Martens 
in  Praivt.  Bzcht  is  this:  Eat  plenty  of 
honey  and  thus  save  doctor  bills  and 
funeral  expenses. 


Dickhaut  has  tested  Apis  Americana 
for  two  years  now  and  his  verdict  in 
Leipz.  Bztng.  is  this:  They  gather 
more  honey  than  other  races.  Italians 
included:  they  are  very  docile;  they 
are  most  handsome,  and  queens  very 
prolific.  Whether  they  ha\e  longer 
tongues  than  other  races  he  has  not 
ascertained. 


It  is  stated  by  Alberti  in  his  book  on 
bee  culture  that  most  localities  in  Ger- 
many are  fully  stocked  up  with  ;.ec-s, 
i.  e.,  to  the  profitable  limit,  when  as 
many  as  30  or  40  colonies  are  therein. 
This  may  explain  why  Germany  has 
not  many  big  bee  yards,  although  ther«« 
are  more  bee-keepers. 

Dr.  V.  B.  very  urgently  advises  In 
several  different  German  bee-periodi- 
cals against  the  use  of  bisulphide  of 
carbon;  says  it  is  very  explosive  and 
too  dangerous  to  use  by  unskilled  peo- 
ple. 

Hardy  Norwegian  bees  are  adver- 
tised in  Deutsche  Bzcht. 


n 


162 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


August 


Here   is  the   uew  grading  of  honey  Italianized  during  November.    Evident- 

as  practiced  by  a  certain  German  drug-  ly,   the   new   queens  had  laid    a   con-Bl)' 

gist:     Extra  fine  bee-honey,  pure  bee-  siderable  amount     of  bi'ood,     a   largt 

honey — bee-honey,  honey.     Definitions  portion  of  which     did  not  hatch,   (or 

of  these  terms  are  not  given.  rather,    emerge)    from    the   cells   unfi; 

the  weather  was  too  cold  for  flying, 

Valentin  AVuest.  a  noted  naturalist.  It  may    not  be  generally   known   thai 

observed   that  bumble  bees  often  cut  the   abdomens     of  young  bees     wher 

holes  through  long-tubed  flowers  to  ob-  they  emerge  are  full  and  these  mus' 

tain  the  honey  concealed  at  the  bottom  be  voided  soon  after.     In  such  cases 

of   the   corolla.      Thus   they   open    up  if  the  weather  is  already  too  cold  foi 

the  way  for  our  bees,   which  ai"e   noi;  flying,   they   are   voided    in   the   hive* 

and   thus   give,   at   least,   the   appear 
ances  of  dysentery. 


slow  of  taking  advantage  of  this  wel- 
come opportunity. — 111.  Bztg. 


SIBERIA. 


During  the  closing  of  the  eighteenth 


LAYING  WORKERS. 
It    is   diflScult   to   requeen   a    colon: 


century  the  Cossack.s  in  W&st  Siberia  affected   with      laying   workers.      Mr 

began  to  pay  attention  to  keeping  bees.  Wathelet  advises  giving  a   queen  eel 

Bees  were  imported  as  a  starter.     The  enclosed  in  a   cell  protector. 

conditions   lieing   favorable   bees   mul-  •    ■ 

tiplied    rapidly   and   during   1902    it  is  FRANCE. 

said    in    I.eipz.    Bztg.  "the    number    of  

colonies  bad  increased  to  15,029,  from  WHOSE  BE  THEYV 

which  was  harvested  40,978  pounds  of  .    ^                                             "     •        u. 

honev  and  4.077  pounds  of  w.nx  (a  veiy  '^  f^^^''"^^'  ^'^^  ^  r*"        ^^        f  n^ 

,,                   •/              +    4^i,„      ,.-+^,.\  and  coming  no  one  knew  where  fron: 

..mall  average,  it  seems  to  the  writer).  ^^^   ^^^^^,,.%g^   it.      g^^i^  ^^arm  final!; 

BELGIUM  went      into    an    empty      hive      in 

From  Le   Rucher   Beige.  neighboring  apiary.     The  apiarist  hai 

PROTECTING  COMBS.  '^^^^^^   ^o  be  there   and  saw  it  go  ir 

^        ^           ,  \Yho.se   propertv   is    that   swarm  ?— L 

To  keep  empty  combs  free  from  the  ^evue   Eclectique. 

moth,   sulphuring   (?)   is  probably  the  "      

best  remedy  yet.  Mr.  Leger  says,  how- 
ever, that  later  on  other  moths  may 
come  and  deposit  their  eggs;  but  that 


TAKE  YOUR  CHOICE. 

Any  doctor  or  scientist  can  tell  yo 
can  be  prevented  by  putting  in  the  box    that  the  human  skin  is  coated  with 
some  walnut  leaves  (English  walnut),    very  slight  amount  of  an  oily  or  greas  _ 
The  odor  of  the  leaves  will   keep  off    substance.    Recently  Mr.  Rouvier,  pre 


any  kind  of  moth  or  butterfly. 


fessor  of  biology  and  member  of  th 
French  academy  of  sciences,  has  sue 
ceeded  in  separating  enough  of  it  t 
make  a  comjilete  study.  He  found  i 
to  be  a  substance  almo-st  similar  t 
the  beeswax. — Revue  Eclectique. 


CAMPING  OUT. 

A    correspondent    says    that    during 
the   flow,  the  bees  go  out  as  late   as 

they   can    md  sometimes  so  late  that 

the  nicht  overtakes  them.    They  then 

siK-ndthe    night   somewhere   under   a  EVAPORATION  OF  NECTAR, 

leaf,  in  some  crack  or  any  other  shel-  Ttirning  back  a  few  numbers  of  th 

ter  and  come  back  in  tlie  morning.  It  American  Bee-Keeper,   the  reader  wi! 

is  easy  to  verify  it  by  closing  the  hives  find   a    long   article   on    some    expert 

at  night.      In   the  morning  these  out-  ments    made   by    Mr.    Huillon    on   tin 

siders    will    be    found    coming    in    and  ti'ansformation    of  nectar   into   honej 

trying  to  get  in.  These    experiments   have   been   exter 

sively  commented  on  by  several  Eurc 

LATE  BREEDING.  pean" writers.    Several  quotations  sho-W 

.Mr.   Wathelet  says  that   one  winter  ing  the  flight  of  the  bee  when   goin: 

two    colonies    showed    some    signs    of  back  home,  have  been  brought  to  nc 

dvsentery.     .\fter  examination,  which  tice.  The  most  remarkable  is  one  origlE 

took  place  in  a  wanii  day  in  January,  ally  made  by  Mr.  Babaz,  several  year 

quite  a  number  of  young  Italian  bees  ago.  He  conceived  the  idea  of  feedini 

were  found.  The  two  colouies  had  been  very  thin  syrups  out  of  doors.  He  say 


k 


k 


1905,                           THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  163 

hat  the  bees  on  comiug  from  the  feed-  prove  it  also.    No  experiment  has  been 

Kr  to  the  hives  (the  distance  was  about  made  in  that  direction.  A  small  quan- 
60  feet)  expel  some  of  the  water  in  the  tity  of  honey  added  when  salting,  de- 
form of  a  mist,  very  easily  seen,  cidedly  improves  the  taste  and  keep- 
When  the  work  is  very  active,  this  ing-  qualities.  A  patent  has  been  tak- 
inist  wets  the  grass  and  other  ob-  en  for  the  manufacturing  of  condensed 
jects  imder  the  path  followed  by  the  milk,  using  honey  instead  of  sugar. 
bees.  If  tasted  it  is  found  to  be  To  100  pounds  of  milk  are  added  one- 
absolutely  pure  water.  TJie  same  fact  half  pound  of  honey,  two  ounces  of 
s  reported  by  Maurice  Girard  in  his  horse  radish  and  one-half  pound  of 
work  on  bees.  It  may  be  added  here  salt.  The  whole  is  heated  to  about 
::hat  Maurice  Girard  is  an  authority  90  degrees  Fahrenheit  and  then  put 
n  matters  pertaining  to  "bee-ology"  in  the  vacuum  pan«  and  evaporated  to 
uid  entomology.  His  position  in  one-third  of  its  original  bulk.  The 
France  is  similar  to  that  of  Cheshire  horse  radish  is  excellent  to  destroy 
\nd  Cowan  in  England. — Revue  Eclec-  bacilli  and  other  noxious  germs.  A 
tiquo.  little   of   it   put   in  a    barrel  of   cider 

will  stop  the  fermentation  by  destroy- 

PREFBRS  SIDE-STORING.  iog  the  alcohol-producing  germs. 


Mr.  Dobbrar  constructs  his  hives  so 

is    to    place    the    surplus    apartments  THEY  DON'T  FIT. 

)ehind  the  )irood  nestjnstead  of  above.  Mr.    Devauchelle  has    tried   founda- 

He  says  he  obtains  better  results  by  tion  made  with  cells  larger  than  the 

^0  doing.      (This   applies  to   extracted  natural   cells     (I  presume  he     means 

loney.) — Revue  Eclectique.  drone  cells,  though  it  is  not  vei*y  clear.) 

The  object  was  to  prevent  any  possi- 

THE    WONDERFUL    QUEEN.  bility   of     the  queen     laying     therein. 

,        .          .         ,      ,     .          ^  These  cells  were  built  and  filled  with 

In  discussing   the  laying   of  queens  ^^^          ^^,^^  ^^,^^^^  ^^^^^  ^^  ^^^  ^^.^^^ 

j  Ir  Ignotus  calls  attention  to  the  fact  ^^^^ ;  Q^^jy  ^^pp  ^  few  eggs  were  de- 
hat  m  the  height  of  the  season,  a  po^jted.  No  drones  were  raised  from 
uieen  may  lay  2  000  eggs  a  day.  These  ^j^^^^^^  however,  perhaps  because  the 
:,000  eggs  weigh  40  grams.  A  virgin  q^^.  stopped  soon  af  ter.-L'Apiculteur. 
lueen  weighs  20  grams.  Hence 
he      queen       lays      in      a      day      a 

veight      of      eggs      twice      that      of  ANOTHER  SECRET  OUT. 

ler  own  body.     However  perfect  the       The  editor  of  the  beginners'  depart- 

?ood  given  the  queen  by  the  nurse  bees  ment  of  the  Apiculteur  says  that  the 

nay  be.  its  weight  must  exceed  some-  wax   produced  in   the   early   and   late 

A'hat  the  weight  of  the  eggs  produced,  parts  of  the  year  is  whiter  than  that 

Something   must   be  added  to  sustain  of  the  middle  summer.    The  difference 

he  queen  herself  and  enable  her  to  ful-  of  temperature  is  supposed  to  be  the 

ill  her  task.  So  a  laying  queen  may  con-  cause. 

;ume  perhaps  as  much  as  three  times  ■ 


he  weight  of  her  body,  of  food.— Re-  piXING    THE    PRICE    OF    HONEY, 

aie  Eclectique.  ^,       .    .     ,.            .   ■        ..v,  ^  .^i. 

The  Apiculteur  advises  that  the  an- 

nual    meeting    of    bee-keepers    of    the 

USES  FOR   WAX.  country    situated    around    Paris    was 

i  Everybody  who     reads  this     knows  held    as    usual    on    the    19th    of    June 

Ihat  oleomargarine  is  sold  for  butter  at  the  hall  of  the  Central  Society. 

)r  consumed  in  place  of  butter.     As  This  annual  meeting  is  held  chiefly 

ong  as  it  is    sold  on  its  own  merits,  in    vieAv    of    setting    the  price   of    the 

do  not  see  any  right  to  object.     The  pre-sent  year's  crop  of  honey.     Other 

)rocess  of  fabrication  is  described  in  Uieetings    having   the  same   object   in 

he  Apiculteur.     The  only  point  that  view  are  held  in  several  parts  of  Eu- 

nay   interest   bee-keepers   is   the   tact  rope.     The  idea  is  not  to  set  the  price 

hat  in   order   to  obtain   a  salable  or  for   the   whole   state,   but  only   for  a 

■ather      palatable    product,      a    small  certain   locality  usually  the  neighbor- 

roportion  of  beeswax  must  be  added,  hood   of   a    certain   market.      For   in- 

iThe  question  was  asked  if  a  small  ad-  stance,  the  bee-keepers  of  the  portion 

ition  of  wax  to  butter  would  not  im-  of   Illinois     adjoining   Chicago     could 


164 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


AugU8 


hold  siieli  a  meeting  and  those  around  of  France  ;sales  in  very  large  quant 

each  important  city  do  the  same,  each  ties  were  made  at  lower  figures,  In  on 

tor   their   nearest    market.       The   idea  case  as  low  as  9  cents.     In  the  sam 

is  at  least  worth    considering  in   this  number  of  the  paper  wax  is  quoted  i 

country.     None  but  the  producers  are  33  to  37  cents  a  pound,  according  1 

admitted  to  these  meetings.      Dealers  quality.     It  must  be  remembered  thi 

either  in  honey  or  in  bee-keepers'  sup-  all  the  above  figures  refer  to  extracte 
plies  are  not  admitted. 


I: 


WHOT^ESALE   ABSCONDING. 

This  spring  (1905)  in  the  country 
around  Becoules  fAveyron)  a  consider- 
able number  of  colonies  have  abscond- 
ed. Sometimes  ais  many  as  three- 
fourths  or  more  of  the  apiary.  No 
cause  can  be  assigned.  Nearly  all 
left  more  or  less  honey  behind. — 
L'Apiculteur. 


V 


honey 

WE  HAVEN'T  TRIED  IT. 
Mr.  Simplice  reports  that  a  sma 
quantity  of  honey  added  to  butt( 
(when  putting  in  the  salt)  improv< 
its  taste  considerably  and  that  ,suc 
butter  keeps  much  better  than  wh« 
otherwise  treated. — L'Apicultem-. 

ADVANTAGE   OF  DRAWN   COMB 

A   series    of  studies   on   the   adva 
WINTERING      WITHOUT      COMBS,    tages  of  hiving  swarms  on  combs 

Mr.  Ziche  succeeded  In  wintering  a   now   in    course   of   publication  in    tl 
late  swarm  without  combs.      He  had   Apiculteur.      In    the   first   experime: 
it   in    a    sufficiently    warm    room    and   <''    number   of   swarms   were  hived 
fed   it    with    liquid    honey    throughout   empty  hives  and  another  set  furnishi 
the  winter. — L'Apiculteur.  with   enough   built  combs   to   fill   on 

— one-third  of  each  hive.     At  the  six 

GERMAN     HOBlET     IMPORTS.        day  all   were  weighed  and  those  ha 

The  Apiculteur  discussing  the  prices    ing  the  combs  had  a  little  over  thr 
of  honey  .states  tiaat  Hamburg   is  be-    times  as  much  honey  gathered  as  t 
coming  more  and  more  the  market  for    others.       For    a    few    days    after   t 
honey  importation  in  Europe.     No  re-   sixth,    those    hived    on    empty    com 
cent  figures   were   available.      But  in    were    slightly    ahead    in    the    amou 
1901    the    importation    was    8,300,000   gathered,  or,    rather,   stored.      This . 
pounds  at  an  average  price  of  12  cents    thought    to    be   due   to    the   fact  tW 
a  pound.     Nearly  half  of  it  was  from    they   had   less  brood  to  feed. 
Chili   and   about   700,000   pounds   from        A    very    large   swarm    which   had 
the  United  States.     The  Chilian  honey    half   set  of   combs    gathered   eighte 
i-s   quoted   at  an   average   price    of   11    pounds  in  three  days.     Without  com 
cents  and  that  from  the  United  States    these  eighteen  pounds  would  have  be 
14  cents  a  pound.    In  1902  the  importa-    reduced  to  nothing.      The  M-riter,  It 
tion  from  Cuba  was  considerably  high-    Abbe  Martin,  thinks  that  hiving  wl1 
er   than   in   1901,  about  equal  to  that   out  combs  means  a  loss  of  fully  fo 
from   Chili   and   the   prices   about   the   days  of  possible  gathering  and  in  iP 
same — nearly  10  cents.  The  importation    localitj'    that  occurs   during   the   m8|| 
from   the   United   States   had  also   in-   flow   and   constitutes    one-fifth   of  1 
creased  to  a  little  over  a  million  pounds   honey    crop,    the    flow    lasting    abo 
but  the  average  price  fell  to  a  fraction   twenty  days 
over  ]0  cents.     The  importation   from. 
France  to  Hamburg  is  small,  but  the    ILL     EFFECT    OF    THEIR     "O'VSfc^,; 
prices  are  quite  high  comparatively —  VINE    AND    FIG    TREE." 

14  cents  in  1901  and  22  cents  in  1902.  Mr.  Weber  states  that  in  the  autur 
The  total  importation  for  1902  was  7,-  when  the  leaves  are  falling,  the  cole 
550.000  pounds.  The  honey  from  Chili  nies  ])laced  under  fig  ti'ees  lose  a  c( 
is  decidedly  inferior  and  that  from  siderable  number  of  bees  which  lo 
Cuba  not  much  better.  Both  hurt  the  as  if  sick  with  some  kind  of  paralys 
price  of  the  United  States  honey,  as  When  the  fact  was  first  brought 
there  all  of  it  goes  indiscriminately  his  attention  he  would  not  believe 
as  American  honey.  A  second  case  leads  him  to  think  th 

The  meeting  of  the  Apiculteur  of  the   there  is  more  than  a  mere  colncideni 
country    ai'ound    Paris    had    fixed    the   and  that  the  dying  fig  leaves  may 
price  of  the  1904  crops  at  12  cents.    But   some  how  or  other,   poisonous  to  t 
it  is  reported  that  in  some  other  parts   bees. — L'Apiculteur. 


)05,  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  165 

.  NEW  HIVE  AND  ITS  MANAGE-    recipe:     Warm  on  a  slow  fire  1  pound 

MENT.  of  honey  until  well  liquefied,  add  grad- 

Mr.  Pineot  uses  to  some  extent  and    ^i-'ill.v  1  pound  of  flour,  .stirring  all  the 

refers  a  hive  similar  to  the  Heddon.    1^'"ie.       A<1(1    also   a    pinch   of   ground 

'he  differences  are  that  the  sections   cinnamon  and  1-2  ounce  of  carbonate 

^d.t  re  higher    (a   little   over   six   inches)    of    ammonia.    I'he    carbonate    of    am- 

nd  contain  frames  hung  in  the  usual    monia  iinist  be  dissolved  first  in  a  lit- 

ashion.       The   sections    and    also    the    tie  brandy.      It  takes  a  few   hours  to 

over  are  double  walled  and  thus  have   dissolve   well.      (I  presume  that  some 

II  the  advantages  of  the  chaff  hives,    good   brand   of  baking  powder   would 

Usually,    two    sections    constitute    the    answer  the  purpose.)      Let  the  dough 

rood  nest,  and  one,  two  or  three,  as    cool  for   about  24   hour-s  and  bake  in 

^  lay  be  necessary,  the  surplus  apart-   ••  slow  oven,  until  the  crust  is  crisp. — 

'tent.      These  are  placed  so  that  the    L'Apiculteur. 

ames  are  crosswise  of  those  of  the  

rood    nest.      That    simple  change   of        A   STANDARD  OF  STRENGTH. 
losition  prevents  the  queen  from  going       What    constitutes    a    strong    colony? 
p   in    the    surplus.      Needless    to    say    ^Ii"-  Pineot  uses  Voirnol  hives.     These 
lat  the  sections  are  square  otherwise   i^ives  are  nearly  cubic  and  contain  10 
would  be  impossible.  square   frames  about    11  1-2   by   11 1-2 

To  prevent  swarming  an  empty  story  inches.  A  glass  is  fitted  behind  and 
placed  betAveen  the  two  constituting  a  door  or  shutter  over  it  so  as  to 
le  brood  ne-st,  the  top  one  is  turned  keep  the  hive  dark.  When  near  the 
cross,  and  soon  the  queen  will  be  honey  flow,  an  examination  i.s.  made 
1  the  new  one  and  as  fast  as  the  loolving  through  the  glass.  If  bees 
iees  emerge  in  the  upper  one  honey  are  seen  only  on  four  or  five  frames 
I'ill  take  their  place.  The  description  the  colony  is  united  to  some  other. 
I  not  very  clear,  but  I  presume  that    With  six  or  seven  frames  covered,  the 

I?mptj'  story"  means  a  story  with  colony  i,s  considered  weak,  and  in  his 
npty  combs  already  built.  locality  may  give  30  to  40  pounds  of 

I  Artificial  increase  is  practised  by  surplus  in  a  good  year.  A  really 
parating  the  two  stories  constituting  strong  colony  covering  the  10  frames 
le  brood  nest.  To  queen  a  queenJeSv-;  will  under  the  same  circumstances  give 
)lony,  exchange  one  of  the  stories  120  or  even  160  pounds  of  surplus.  He 
rith  a  good  colony. — L'Apiculteur.  mentioned  the  fact  that  a  large  swarm 

I  ■  of  13  pounds  gave  110  pounds  of  sur- 

FROM    FRYING-PAN  TO  FIRE.        plus    beside   building      its    combs   and 
A   study    of   the  effect   of   high  im-    '^'eeping  38  pounds  of  honey  for  win- 
ort    duties    on    the    price    of    honey    tei-.— L'Apiculteur. 

1  different  parts  of  Europe  does  not  

i^em  very  conclusive.  It  seem-s  that  T^'SES  A  ROLLER  TO  ELEVATE 
le  snpiu-ession  or  diminished  importa-  THE  HONEY. 

on  duties  have  had  the  effect  of  stim-  Sometimes  in  the  spring,  or  even 
lating  the  production  of  "artificial"  i"  summer,  there  is  some  capped  honey 
bneys.  And  instead  of  being  benefit-  '"  the  brood  nest  that  the  bees  re- 
'fl.  the  bee-keepers  have  merely  t'"se  to  disturb,  when,  so  far  as  the 
vapi)(Ml  one  evil  for  a  worse  one.—  apiarist  is  concerned,  such  honey 
I'Apieultenr.  ought  to  go  in  the  supers  and   make 

room  for  more  brood.    It  is  advised  to 

IIGHT  DISPOSE  OF  IT  THAT  WAY   ""cap  it  in  order  to  compel  the  bees 

In  the  line  of  advertising  honey,   it   ^'^  '"''^'''7  l^'     ^^'^  ^''''''^^f  '^  ^^^^  l^^ 

suggested  to  have  , some  presented  to   ""^'^PPed   honey  runs  out,   daubs  the 

uirch    bazaars    and   other    charitable    ^l^^^'   '^"'^   ^"^"   ^^^^^^^   robbing.      Mr. 

ilej;. L'Apiculteur  Beaux  in  such  cases,  does  the  uncap- 

"  ping  with  a  small  roller  having  teeth 

Trr>    «nT-TvrT~.c!     ATT     TDT/iTTrr.  about  3  1-0  of  au  inch  long  and  placed. 

11    touurMUfe    ALL    RIGHT.  about  that  distance  apart  on  the  roller. 

I A  splendid  ginger  bread,  or  rather  That  instrument  tears  the  cappings 
I  similar  kind  of  confection,  can  be  enough  to  induce  the  bees  to  remove 
lade  very  easily  with  honey,  and  is  the  honey,  but  does  not  cause  it  to 
id  to  be  of  the  best  as  to  taste  leak  enough  to  do  anv  damage. — 
Id    keeping    qualities.       Here   is   the   L'Apiculteur. 


166 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Auguf 


CLOISTERING      HIVE. 


Mr.  Gouttefangas  has  invented  a 
hive  01"  rather  an  addition  to  his  hive 
that  could  be  "added"  to  almost  any 
kind.  It  has  an  anteroom,  or  closed 
portico  in  front  of  the  regular  hive. 
The  front  wall  of  it  is  hinged  at  the 
bottom.  Two  tubes  or  pipes  about 
two  inches  in  diameter,  as  far  as  I 
can  judge,  by  the  figures  given,  ex- 
tend from  the  bottom  of  the  anteroom 
through  the  roof  or  top  to  out- 
side. The  lower  half  of  these  tubes 
is  perforated  with  small  holes.  The 
top  is  covered  by  a  cap  of  .such  shape 
as  to  admit  air  but  no  light.  The 
size  of  the  anteroom  is  perhaps  near 
one-fourth  of  that  of  the  hive  prop- 
er. 

The  readers  of  the  this  paper  may 
remember  the  mention  made  about  a 
year  ago  of  the  "consignator"  of  Mr. 
Preuss.  This  was  practically  only  a 
kind  of  wire  cloth  cage  placed  in  front 
of  the  hive  to  prevent  the  bees  from 
flying  and  yet  admit  the  necessary 
ventilation.  The  defect  of  the  Preuss 
apparatus  was  that  the  bees  worried 
themselves  to  death  in  trying  to  get 
out.  At  least,  a  certain  portion  of 
them  did  before  the  rest  finally  gave 
up   the   attempt. 

The  invention  of  Messrs.  J.  M.  and 
J.  B.  Gouttefangas  ayoids  that  defect. 
The  anteroom  being  completely  dark, 
the  bees  do  not  worry  themselves  out 
in  ti'ying  to  get  away.  The  two  tubes 
give  a  far  better  ventilation  than  the 
wire  cloth.  In  fact,  the  apparatus 
can  be  closed  at  any  time  without 
any  danger  of  smothering  tlie  colony. 

But  the  reader  will  now  ask  what 
is  the  use  of  it?  This  requires  some 
explanation.  The  climate  of  Europe, 
while  on  the  average  colder  than  that 
of  the  United  States,  is  far  more  regu- 
lar. There  are  no  such  sudden  changes, 
no  such  intense  cold  waves  as  here. 
Furthermore,  the  difference  between 
summer  and  winter  is  considerably 
less.  The  result  is  what  we  would 
call  very  cool  summers  and  mild  win- 
ters, and  as  a  consequence  in  winter- 
ing bees  out  of  doors,  towards  spring, 
a  number  of  bees  fiy  out  every  day 
that  is  sufficiently  warm  and  very  of- 
ten in  days  not  warm  enough  to  ^y 
safely.  The  result  is  a  considerable 
loss  of  bees  during  the  early  spring. 

It  is  to   prevent  this    loss  that  the 


Gouttefangas  apparatus  has  been  i 
vented.  It  is  known  beyond  doul 
now  that  the  bees  go  out  so  mu< 
during  the  early  spring  in  order 
get  water  to  thin  down  the  old  honi 
and  make  it  suitable  for  brood  foe 
The  Gouttefangas  apparatus  has 
feeder  to  give  the  bees  the  wat 
necessary  or  if  needed,  any  syn 
or  honey  whenever  the  apiarist  thin! 
best  to  do  so. 

The  apparatus  is  useful  in  mai 
other  occasions.  For  instance, 
feed  weak  colonies  safely,  to  stop  ro 
bing.  or  to  confine  moved  bees  a  fc 
daj's  and  thus  prevent  them  from  g 
ing  back.  Many  times  when  workh 
in  the  apiary  during  a  dearth  of  hont 
I  haA'e  wished  for  some  way  to  clo 
all  the  hives  and  work  in  peace 
long  as  I  wanted  to. 


III! 
IE 


Fifte 


LONG  MEMORIES. 
A  correspondent  in  July,  1901,  mov 
some  of  his  colonies  in  another 
cality  to  take  advantage  of  large  fiel 
of  buckwheat.  Seven  weeks  lal 
they  were  brought  back.  Twelve  c 
onies  were  placed  in  another  part 
the  apiary  for  some  reason  or  oth 
During  the  first  few  days  they  wf 
frequently  to  the  old  place,  and  fr< 
there  to  their  hives.  But  that  was  ( 
ly  during  a  few  days.  The  remarl 
ble  part  of  it  is  that  the  same  fs 
occurred  the  following  spring.  Foi 
few  days  the  bees  from  the  displac 
colonies,  when  coming  from  the  fie 
went  first  to  their  original  stands  a 
from  there  to  their  hives. — L'Apic 
teur. 


Another  con-espondent  hives  1 
•swarms  on  foundation  that  has  alrea 
been  drawn  in  full  colonies. — L'A 
culteur. 


LONG  LIVED. 
:Mr.  Gapponi  reports  that  a  colo 
bf'came  queenless  on  the  27th  of  Ap 
1902.  That  was  the  only  Italian  que 
of  the  whole  neighborhood.  Anott 
queen,  a  black  one,  was  given. 
:May,  1903.  a  year  later,  there  W€ 
yet  in  that  colony  a  few  Italian  be 
— L'Apiculteur. 


We  would  caution  our  readers  w 
live  in  cities,  towns  or  villages,  agalr 
permitting  their  bees  storing  the  jui 
of  Electric  Currents. 


\n 


k,\ 


\merican  Bee=Keeper 


lARRY  E.  HILL, 
iRTHUR  C.   MILLER, 


905, 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


167 


THE 


excellent  article  on  the  honey  situa- 
tion. It  can  not  fail  to  result  ad- 
vantageously to  producers  of  pure  hon- 
ey. 


PUBLISHED   MONTHLW 

THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MANFG.  CO. 

Proprietors. 


UBLISHING  OFFICE,      -      -     -      Fort  Pierce  Fla. 
lOME  OFFICE. Falconer,  N.  Y. 


-     -    -    -    Editor- 
Associate  Editor 


Terms. 

Fifty  cents  a  year  in  advance;  2  copies  85 
eents;  3  copies  $1.20;  all  to  be  sent  to  one 
lostoffice. 

^Postage  prepaid    in    the   United   States   and 
Canada;  10  cents  extra  to  all  countries  in  the 
tostal  union,  and  20  cents  extra  to  all  othi 
ountries. 

Advertising  Rates. 

Fifteen  cents  per  line,  9  words;  $2.00  per 
|Qch.  Five  per  cent,  discount  for  two  inser- 
ions;  seven  per  cent,  for  three  insertions; 
wenty  per  cent,   for  twelve  insertions. 

Advertisements  must  be  received  on  or  be- 
ore  the  15th  of  tSich  month  to  insure  inser- 
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Matters    relating    in    any    way    to    business 
hould   invariably   be  addressed  to 
1         THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER, 

Falconer,  N.  Y. 


Articles  for  publication  or  letters  exclusively 
or  the  editorial  department  may  be  addressed 
H.  E.  HILL, 

Fort  Pierce,  Fla. 

Subscribers  receiving  their  paper  in  blue 
Trapper  will  know  that  their  subscription  ex- 
►ires  Mrith  this  number.  We  hope  that  yo, 
rill  not  delay  favoring  us  with  a  renewal. 

A  red  wrapper  on  your  paper  indicate?;  tl - 
'ou  owe  for  your  subscription.     Please  give    th 
Datter  yonr  early  attention. 


BMtorial. 


In  the  July  Amencan  Bee-Keeper 
Mr.  Davis  took  the  writer  to  task  lor 
ioubting  the  story  of  the  bees -seal- 
ing a  snail  to  the  floor  of  their  hive 
with  propolis.  ThikS  was  cited  by  Bevan 
as  an  example  of  the  wisdom  of  bees, 
rhe  fact  of  the  bees  so  sealing  a  snail 
was  not  doubted,  but  that  it  was  an 
evidence  of  wisdom  or  thought  on  the 
part  of  the  bees  was  ishown  tO'  be 
wrong,  as  the  bees  will  sOi  treat  a  peb- 
ble or  any  other  object  which  they 
an  not  move. 

A.  C.  M. 


Manager  York,  of  the  Honey  Pro- 
lueers'  League,  has  recently  had  pub- 
lished in  the  Chicago  Daily  News  an 


In  this  day  of  short  crops  and  short- 
er prices,  bee-keepers  are  alert  for 
"short  cuts"  and  kinks  which  tend  to 
facilitate  their  work.  In  view  of  this 
fact,  the  said  bee-keepers  will  doubt- 
less be  pleased  to  note  that  Editor 
Root  finds  an  automobile  a  great  ad- 
vantage to  one  looking  after  an  out- 
apiary. 


Mrs.  Sarah  A.  Smith,  of  Grant,  Fla., 
writes  to  have  her  copy  of  The  Bee- 
Keeper  changed  to  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
where  she  i-s  going  to  undertake  the 
sale  of  honey.  Mrs.  Smith,  it  may  be 
remembered,  is  the  one  who  advocated 
the  theory  that,  "the  way  to  raise  the 
price  of  honey  is  to  raise  it."  It  is 
to  be  hoped  that  Mrs.  Smith  may  be 
successful  in  materially  increasing  the 
market  price  of  honey  in  Brooklyn. 


Leslie  Burr,  in  Gleanings,  reports 
black  mangrove  in  the  swampy  lands 
of  Cuba,  near  the  sea,  and  says  that 
said  "swampy  lands"  are  the  home  of 
the  "hungriest  mosquitoes  in  the 
world."  While  this  corroborates 
several  other  reports  which  we 
have  received,  that  the  black 
mangi"<ove  does  grow  in  the 
West  Indies,  and  in  some  places  very 
extensively,  it  also  proves  Mr.  Burr's 
ignorance  of  the  mosquito  question. 
Florida's  horde  of  hungry  mosquitoes 
have  from  time  immemorial  vigorously 
defended  the  world's  championship  belt 
in  the  fastness  of  its  mangrove 
swamps,  and  no  mere  statement  of  an 
envious  Cuban  is  likely  to  wrest  from 
Uncle  Sam's  "skeets''  their  long-cher- 
ished trophy.  Burr  should  spend  a 
season  in  Florida  swamps  before  he 
goes  on  record. 


HUSTLING  CALIFORNIA. 
Mr.  .T.  F.  Mclntyre,  the  noted  apiar- 
ist of  California,  said  in  the  June 
Review:  "It  is  my  opinion  that  a 
man  can  not  run  out  apiaries  and  be 
as  happy  as  he  was  when  one  apiary, 
one  wife  and  two  or  three  babies  were 
all  he  had."  Are  we  expected  to  in- 
fer from  this  that  he  adds  a  wife  and 
set  of  babies  with  each  apiary? 


168 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


August 


CANDIED  HONEY. 
The  editor  of  the  Rural  Bee-Keeper 
asks:  "What  ks  the  best  method  of 
getting:  candied  honey  out  of  barrels?" 
Remove  the  hoops  and  take  the  barrel 
off  of  the  honey.    Ask  us  an  easier  one. 


SIBBALD'S  CONTROLLED  SWARM- 
ING. 
The  editor  of  the  Review  objects 
to  our  statement  regarding  the  point 
In  which  the  so-called  Sibbald  system 
of  controlled  swarming  differs  from 
others.  With  the  usual  systems  of 
forced  or  controlled  swarming  part  or 
all  of  the  bee,s  with  the  queen  are 
put  on  the  old  stand  and  the  brood 
with  or  without  bees  goes  elsewhere, 
sometimes  to  be  later  reunited  and 
sometimes  not.  With  the  Sibbald 
plan  the  bees  and  a  queen  cell  go  to  the 
old  stand,  and  the  queen  and  brood  to 
another,  union  following  later.  The 
two  systems  dilfer  only  in  the  use 
of  a  cell  instead  of  the  queen  with 
the  forced  swarm.  If  this  is  not  the 
kernel  of  the  Sibbald  system  what  is? 


ly  larger  than  a  virgin.  Nature  has  S' 
ordained  things  for  two  reasons,  th 
first  of  v/hich  is  that  the  queen  cai 
fly;  for,  if  taken  from  the  colony  whei 
no  such  preparation  has  been  mad€ 
she  can  not  fly  at  all,  as  -she  is  s 
heavy  with  eggs.  The  second  reasoi 
is  that  the  queen  need  not  be  damB 
aged  by  an  over-accumulation  of  egg 
before  there  is  time  for  the  bees  t 
consti-uct  comb  in  the  new  home  fo 


her    to    deposit    her    eggs    in.' 


Tfi 


cart  is  so  far  before  the  horse  tha 
it  will  be  difficult  for  the  latter  eve 
to  catch  up.  We  would  suggest  tha 
the  author  of  the  quoted  paragraph 
make  another  guess. 


TOBACCO  FOR  QUEEN  INTRODT'C 
TION. 
Mr.  Hutchinson  of  the  Review  has 
again  become  a  keeper  of  bees,  and 
has  recently  rediscovered  the  value  of 
tobacco  smoke  in  introducing  queens 
directly  to  the  bees  without  the  cus- 
tomary intermediate  caging.  Incident- 
ally he  wonders  if  he  would  not  have 
had  equally  good  results  with  some 
other  kind  of  ,smol^e.  We  can  answer 
that  question  in  the  afl3rmative  and 
restate  as  we  have  many  times  before 
that  it  is  not  the  odor  imparted  to  the 
queen  or  bees  but  their  mutual  con- 
dition of  nerves.  Tobacco  smoke  works 
more  quickly  than  wood  smoke,  that 
is  all,  but  tobacco  smoke  is  one  of 
the  things  the  novice  will  do  well  to 
let  alone  as  when  unwisely  used  it 
can  cause  more  troul^le  among  the 
bees  than  anything  we  know  of. 


VERY   MUCH   AWAKE. 

In  the  Bee-lveeping  World  deparl 
ment  of  the  .Tune  issue  Mr.  Greine* 
quoted  from  Kvieger.  in"Schl.  Hols^ 
Bztg.,  "The  bee-keepers  of  Hollan. 
are  asleep.  Nothing  is  ever  heard  o 
them." 

Editor  J.  C.  Bosch,  of  the  Maand« 
chrift  voor  Bi.ienteelt,  published  a 
Beverwijk,  Holland,  writes  that  h 
feels  confident  that  the  bee-keepers  c 
Holland  are  very  much  awake;  tha 
they  have  a  bee-keepers'  a,s«ociatio 
of  2.(100  members,  which  is  doing  muc 
to  advance  apicultural  interests  i 
Holland,  and  asks  for  the  expressio 
of  a  better  opinion  of  his  countrs 
men. 

The  American  Bee-Keeper  was  nc 
responsible  for  the  misleading  stat( 
ment,  and  regrets  that  it  should  hav 
given   it  additional  publicity. 

We  are  sure  that  the  foregoing  W 
of  real  information  in  regard"  to  Ho! 
land    bee-keeping   will    be   of   interes 
to    our    readers,    and   somewhat  of 
surprise,  as  well 


SOPHISM. 
As  a  sample  of  redundant  sophistry 
of  much  of  the  bee-literature  of  the 
day  the  following  is  a  gem:  "All  ob- 
serving apiarists  know  that,  as  the 
season  for  swarming  draws  on  apace, 
and  tlie  colony  is  about  to  cast  a 
swarm,  the  queen  ceases  her  prolific- 
iiess,  so  as  to  be  able  to  fly  and  go 
with  the  swarm,  so  that,  when  swarm- 
ing does  occur,     said  queen  is  scarce- 


A    BEAUTIFUL   MAGAZINE. 

One  of  the  most  beautiful  example 
of  the  modern  art  of  magazine  mak 
ing  that  has  come  to  our  notice,  is  th 
new  monthly  .lournal,  "La  Hacienda, 
published  in  the  Spanish  language,  a 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  by  La  Hacienda  Com 
pany.  1336  Prudential  building.  It  i 
devoted  exclusively  to  agricultural  al 
fairs  in  the  tropics,  and  will  be  to  ou 
Spanish-speaking  neighbors  to  th 
southward,  what  Country  Life  h 
America  is  to  the  United  States.  It 
perfect  typography,  splendid  illustra 
tions,  artistic  make-up  and  instructive 
text  render  its  pages  a  veritable  store 


ti 


tt905, 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


169 


[loiise  of  delightful  entertaiument  avail- 
able to  those  who  read  "the  language 
bf  love,"— Castillano.  The  subscrip- 
tion price  is  $2.50  gold,  per  annum. 


TO   EDUCATE  THE  PUBLIC. 


Anything  which  may  tend  to  eulight- 
-1  m  the  public  in  regard  to  any  phase 
3f  the  honey  business,  and  particular- 
ly as  to  its  advantages  over  many 
jtltr  commercial  sweets  for  rable  use, 
s   commendable. 

As  an  initial  step  in  this  matter  of 
education,  the  Honey  Producers' 
I  League  has  published  a  circular  to  be 
listributed  through  the  manufacturers 
>f  supplies,  by  enclosing  them  with 
u-]i  shipment  of  sections  sent  out. 
Producers  are  invited  to  make  use 
)f  them  in  every  way  that  may  ap- 
ear  advantageous,  and  beneficial  re- 
niiis  are  anticipated.  The  circular  is 
is  follows: 

rO  THE  PURCHASERS  OF  THIS  HONEY 

The  producer  of  this  Comb  Honey, 
ind  also  the  undersigned,  guarantee 
iiat  the  product  in  these  sections,  or 
small  frames,  was  all  made  by  honey- 
bees. 

There  is  no  such  thing  as  manufac- 
tured comb  honey.  It  never  was  made, 
and  never  can  be,  newspaper  and  mag- 
rj,  azine  articles  to  the  contrary.  If  any 
one  says  there  is  such  a  thing  as 
manufactui'ed  comb  honey  on  the  mar- 
ket, just  tell  that  person  that  the 
National  Bee-keepers'  Association,  an 
organization  of  over  2,000  members, 
through  its  General  Manager,  N.  E. 
France,  of  Platteville,  Wis.,  will  pay 
pi.OOO  for  proof  of  such  machine-made 
icombs  filled  with  glucose  or  any  other 
cheap  syrup,  and  capped  over  by 
means  of  machinei-y  without  the  aid 
of  liees.  Also,  a  corporation  capital- 
ized at  .$300,000.  all  paid  in,  has  had 
If  or  many  years  a  standing  offer  of  a 
like  sum  for  the  same  so-called  manu- 
factured comb  honey  as  described,  and 
the  offer  is  still  good.  In  addition  to 
this,  the  bee-expert,  a  life-long  bee- 
keeper, now  in  the  employ  of  the  De- 
partment of  Agriculture  at  Washing- 
ton, has  repeatedly,  in  government 
bulletins  and  in  public  addresses,  de- 
nied the  existence  of  any  such  prod- 
uct. For  evidence  of  this  fact,  refer 
to  the  report  of  the  Secretary  of  Ag- 
rienltnre  for  1904,  page  83;  also  to 
Farmers'  Bulletin  No.  59.  for  1905. 
pages  32  and  34,   also   issued  by   the 


Department  of  Agriculture,  entitled 
"Bee-keeping,"  by  Frank  Benton. 

It  may  be  well  to  state  that  the  bas- 
is foi'  these  comb-honey  canards  is  pos- 
sibly due  to  the  fact  that  the  flavor  of 
honey  in  one  locality  may  be  very 
different  from  that  of  another;  that 
when  one  tastes  of  a  honey  quite  dif- 
ferent in  color  and  flavor  from  that 
which  he  used  to  eat  on  the  old  farm, 
he  concludes  it  is  adulterated  or  man- 
ufactured, especially  if  it  be  of  poor 
quality.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  comb 
honey  from  California  is  just  as  dif- 
ferent from  the  same  article  produced 
in  the  Central  and  Eastern  States  as 
the  fruits  of  that  State  are  different 
from  tho-se  in  New  England.  In  the 
same  way,  the  honey  from  Texas 
differs  very  widely  from  that  produced 
in  Ohio,  or  honey  from  Florida  from 
that  in  Texas.  Some  honeys,  like  that 
from  buckwheat,  are  very  dark;  oth- 
ers are  not  only  dark  but  ill-flavored, 
and  should  never  be  sent  to  market, 
but  be  sold  to  the  baker  or  fed  back 
to  bees  for  rearing  young  bees. 

Two-thirds  of  the  States  in  the 
Union  have  pure-food  laws;  and  one 
may  rest  assured  that,  in  all  the  States 
where  such  laws  are  in  force,  both 
honey  in  the  comb  and  in  the  liquid 
condition,  generally  called  "extracted," 
is  and  must  be  the  genuine  product  of 
the  hive. 

The  oft- repeated  misstatements 
about  adulterated  honey  and  manufac- 
tured comb  honey  in  the  newspapers 
and  magazines  has  made  it  necessary 
for  The  Honey  Producers'  League  to 
put  out  this  statement,  for  the  reason 
that  the  general  public  has  come  to 
believe  that  a  large  part  of  the  honey 
in  the  market  is  adulterated  or  manu- 
factured. If  the  dealer  will  join  with 
the  bee-keepers  in  helping  correct  these 
monstrous  lies,  it  Avill  m.aterially  in- 
crease his  sales  of  both  comb  and 
liquid  honey. 

THE  HONEY  PRODUCERS'  LEAGUE. 

GEORGE  W.  YORK,  Manager, 

Chicago,    111. 


N.  B. — Do  not  store  comb  honey  in 
a  refrigerator,  cold  storage,  or  cellar. 
These  are  the  very  worst  places  you 
can  put  it.  It  should  always  be  kept 
in  the  warmest  and  driest  room  you 
have.  It  is  advisable  to  keep  liquid 
or  extracted  honey  in  the  same  warm 
dry  place. 


170 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Augus 


ACCEPTED. 
As  an  absurdity  to  equal  Mr.  Clark's 
sting-trowel  theory,  the  following,  by 
Mr.  Doolittle,  recently  published  in  the 
American  Bee  Journal,  is  eminently 
satisfactory: 

HOW  BEES  BUILD  CELLS  WITH 
EXACTNESS. 

"The  question  is  asked,  'How  can 
so  many  insects,  occupied  at  once  on 
the  edge  of  combs  where  it  is  dark, 
as  in  a  bee-hive,  concur  in  giving  them 
the  common  curvature  from  one  ex- 
tremity to  the  other,  as  is  found  in 
the  comb  of  the  honey-bee?'  It  is 
supposed  that  this  direct  mathematical 
work  is  done  by  actual  measurement, 
as  each  bee  has  a  square  or  rule  to 
measure  by.  in  the  shape  of  the  an- 
tennae. All  who  have  observed  the 
antennae  of  the  honey-bee  know  that 
there  is  a  .iolnt  in  each,  out  toward  its 
end.  In  building  worker-comb,  which 
is  five  cells  to  the  inch,  this  joint  is 
closed  like  a  jackknife,  so  that  when 
the  antennae  thus  closed  are  straight- 
ened out  on  each  side  of  the  head,  the 
folded  joints  just  touch  the  walls  of 
the  cell,  and  thus  each  bee  is  enabled 
to  work  in  harmony  with  every  other 
bee  In  the  hive,  and  we  have  every 
cell  of  worker-comb  as  nearly  exact  as 
the  average  carpenter  can  make  a  du- 
plicate of  the  work  of  another  carpen- 
ter. 

"In  building  drone-comb  the  anten- 
nae are  straightened  out  fully  straight, 
so  that  they  touch  the  walls  of  the 
cells  when  fully  extended  at  the  ex- 
ti-eme  outside  points,  and  by  so  doing 
larger  cells  are  made,  or  those  num- 
bering four  cells  to  the  inch,  which  is 
the  size  of  cells  in  drone-couib:  and 
tlicse  are  as  uniform  as  +0  size  as  are 
those  of  the  worker  pattern.  In  this 
M^v.  see  the  wisdom  of  a  kind  Provi- 
dciice,  which  placed  witliin  the  bee  an 
instinctive  capacity  as  great,  according 
to  its  wants,  as  is  the  reasoning  ca- 
pacity in  man." 


WE  BE   BRETHREN. 

As  an  index  of  the  amicable  spirit 
prevailing  among  the  trade  journals 
ot  beedom,  the  followmg  extracts  are 
presented.  The  American  Bee-Keeper 
graciously  acknowledges  these  cour- 
tesies and  appreciates  the  fraternal 
feeling  responsible  therefor: 

Arthur  C.  Miller  has  made  his  edi- 
torial bow  in  The  American  Bee-Keep- 
er,  as  associate  editor  with  Harry  E. 


Hill,  who,  for  more  than  seven  year 
has  occupied  alone  the  tripod.  M 
]\Iiller  is  well  known  as  a  vigoroi 
writer,  and  the  editorial  utteranc( 
of  The  American  Bee-Keeper,  whic 
have  been  by  no  means  of  the  insip: 
order,  are  not  likely  to  fall  off  in  ii 
terest  because  of  the  new  associai 
hand  at  the  helm. — American  Bf 
Journal. 


Arthur   C.    Miller,   I   am  pleased  vl 
announce,  has  consented  to  become  oi; 
of  the  editors  of  the   American   Be| 
Keeper.     Mr.  Miller'  has  had  a  lot  <| 
experience  as  a  bee-keeper,  especial  I 
that  of  an  experimental,  scientific  kinl 
has  a  good  education,  wields  a  faci 
pen,  and  he  and  Bro.  Hill  will  certat 
ly  make  a  "team."    The  American  B©' 
Keeper   is   to   be   congratulated. — B© 
Keepers'  Review. 


The  American  Bee-Keeper  has  late  'j 
added  to  its  editorial  staff,  in  the  p 
sition  of  associate  editor,  Mr.   Arttni 
C.  Miller.     That  journal  was  alreac 
strong  editorially;  but   its  late   acqt 
sition   will   make   it  still    stronger,   i 
Mr.    Miller  is   an   enthusiast  on  beC' 
an  old   experienced  bee-keeper  and 
careful    observer. — Gleanings    in    B 
Culture. 


Editor  Hill,  of  The  American  B© 
Keeper,  has  taken  to  himself  a  c( 
league  in  the  person  of  the  celebrat* 
Arthur  C.  Miller,  of  whom  he  says: 
"It  is  questionable  if  the  world  tod£ 
holds  a  more  thorough  and  alert  st 
dent  of  practical  and  scientific  apici 
ture.  or  one  who  has  the  ability 
more  clearly  express  his  ideas  in  wri 
ing."  Thus  the  "A.B.K."  will  be  rt 
by  two  able  and  famous  men,  workir 
in  double  haimess.  There  will  be  son 
high  stepping  and  record  breaking  i 
Florida  presently.  See  our  "Clubbin 
List." — Irish  Bee  Journal. 


We  note  that  Arthur  C.  Miller  : 
now  the  associate  editor  of  The  Am© 
ican  Bee-Keeper,  published  at  Foi 
Pierce,  Florida.  Mr.  Miller  is  an  ai 
thority  on  bees  and  bee-keeping,  an 
we  shall  expect  to  see  him  do  som 
splendid  work  In  his  new  capacit 
The  American  Bee-Keeper  is  alread 
a  splendid  pulilication,  and  if  there  i 
any  chance  for  it,  it  will  be  mad 
still  better.  We  congratulate  tbj 
American  Bee-Keeper  on  securing  e 
valuable  an  addition  to  its  staff.  Hai 


in 


If. 
tai 

in 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


171 


Mill,  the  editor,  has  -worked  hard 
several  years  to  build  up  that  pa- 
er.  and  that  he  has  made  a  success 
f  his  undertaking  can  not  be  question- 
iJ. — Western  Bee  Journal. 


as  his  permanent  home,  and  he  i«  now 
enjoj^ng  the  merited  reward  for  a  few 
years  of  intelligently  applied  industry. 


A  WANTON  WASTE. 

The  destruction  of  hives,  frames, 
onibs  and  honey  of  colonies  afflicted 
'ith    foul   brood      is   a   senseless   and 

asteful  practice.  Combs  and  honey 
lay  be  melted  down,  the  wax  saved, 
nd  the  honey,  after  having  an  equal 
uantity  of  water  added  to  it,  boiled 
ard  and  fed  back  to  the  bees.  Hives, 
"ames  and  all  utensils  if  dipped  into 

boiling  and  strong  solution  of  pot- 
sh  will  be  cleaned  and  perfectly  ster- 
ized.  The  only  thing  to  be  burned 
eiug  the  refuse  from  the  wax,  or  this 
lay  be  thrown  into  the  hot  potash 
jlution  after  further  use  for  that  is 
one,  and  the  whole  turned  into  the 
3il. 

After  hives,  frames,  etc.,  have  been 
eaned  in  the  potash  solution  they 
aould  be  rinsed  in  clear  or  acidulated 
'ater  to  remove  the  excess  of  potavsh. 


We   have   repeatedly  requested  our 

aders  to  send  all  subscriptions  and 
usiness  letters  to  our  Falconer,  N. 
office,  yet  scarcely  a  day  passes 
1  which  we  do  not  receive  letters  en- 
losing  money,  at  the  Florida  office, 
igain,  we  beg  to  ask  our  readers  will 
ot   send   orders   for   subscriptions   to 

ort  Pierce.  The  fact  is,  we  have  been 
o  long  asociated  with  the  editorial 
epartment   of  The    Bee-Keeper   that 

e  have  no  use  for  more  money. 
Vhen  you  enclose  a  subscription,  ad- 
ress  it  to  The  American  Bee-Keeper, 
"alconer,    N.    Y.,    and    it    will    have 

rompt     and   careful   attention. 


Mr.  W.  S.  Hart,  the  urbane  apiarist 
nd  orange  grower  of  Hawks  Park, 
fla.,  who  occasionally  favors  our  col- 
mns  with  a  contribution,  ^starts  this 
lonth  upon  a  tour  of  several  months 
uration,  through  Europe,  visiting  Nor- 
7aj,  Sweden,  Denmark,  Germany, 
i^ance,  England  and  Scotland.  Mr. 
lart  spent  a  portion  of  last  winter 
Sonthei-n  California,  and  but  a 
hort  time  since  visited  places  of  in- 
erest  in  Switzerland.  He  is  a 
Yankee"  boy  who  early  in  life  fore- 
aw  the  possibilities  and  advantages  of 
he  "Land  of  Flowers,"  and  adopted  it 


It  will,  doubtless,  interest  our  read- 
ers to  learn  that  some  of  the  noisiest 
as  well  as  most  ardent  workers  for 
the  passage  of  foul  brood  laws  have 
at  the  same  time  been  quietly  work- 
ing for  the  position  of  inspector.  If 
we  would  save  ourselves  a  deal-  of 
trouble,  annoyance  and  perhaps  finan- 
cial loss  we  will  needs  look  sharply 
to  the  wood  piles  for  the  secreted  col- 
ored gentleman.  Eternal  vigilance  is 
the  price  of  liberty  in  bee  culture  as 
elsewhere. 


Must  Have  Been  Cyprians. 

One  day  last  summer  the  bees  of  a 
correspondent  were  so  excited  and 
angi-y  that  no  living  being  could  ap- 
proach the  apiary.  Well  protected,  the 
apiarist  made  an  investigation  and 
found  that  a  miserable_ little  vest  left 
hanging  to  a  bush  was  the  cause  of  the 
tumult.  Said  vest  was  made  of  a  kind 
of  cloth  somewhat  hairy.  It  appears 
that  a  bee  accidently  alighted  on  the 
vest,  ^ot  caught  and  tangled  up  in  the 
hair,  and  of  course,  got  mad  and  began 
to  sting  and  buzz.  Others,  atti-acted 
by  the  racket,  came  and  got  caught 
also  until  finally  the  whole  ai)iary  was 
in  an  uproar. 


Bees  Capture  a  Car. 

Wabash,  Ind.,  .June  17. — A  big 
swarm  of  bees  settled  on  the  track  of 
the  Fort  Wayne  and  Wabash  Valley 
Tl'action  company  yesterday,  and  an 
eastbound  interurban  car  swept  along, 
.scooping  up  the  swarm  and  landing 
the  bees  in  the  vestibule.  They  iierce- 
ly  attacked  .John  Fulton,  the  motor- 
man,  who  sought  refuge  in  the  interior 
of  the  car  after  closing  the  door.  The 
bees  continued  to  buzz  about  the  vesti- 
bule until  a  rush  of  air  through  the 
vestibule  put  them  to  flight  and  Ful- 
ton returned  to  the  controller. 


Preparedness. 

Begin  the  morning  by  saying  to  thy- 
self, 'T  shall  meet  the  busybody,  the 
ungrateful,  arrogant,  deceitful,  envious 
and  unsocial.  But  I  who  have  seen 
the  nature  of  the  good,  that  it  is  beau- 
tiful, and  of  the  bad,  that  it  is  ugly, 
can  be  injured  by  none  of  them. — Mar- 
cus  Aurelius. 


172 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Angus 


Txfro       Men. 

Who  waits    for  opportuuity, 

And.  when  it  meets  him,  takes  it, 

I«  not  as  good  a  man  as  he 
Who  doesn't  wait,  but  malses  it. 

— Philadelphia  Press. 


Cutting  a  Queen  Bee^s  AVing. 

Dallas  I^ore  Sharp  describes  a  meth- 
od ol"  i»reventing  bees  from  -swarming, 
in  the  Country  Calendar  for  May.  the 
first  issue  of  the  new  outdoor  monthly 
published  by  the  Review  of  Reviews 
Book  Company. 

Keep  your  queens  clipped.  Lay 
aside  your  sentiments,  your  feans  of 
the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cru- 
elty to  Animals,  your  ideas  that  it 
hurts  her.  your  fears  of  killing  her 
—and  get  your  ,scis-sors.  Seize  her  any 
way.  She  won't  sting.  Get  her  by 
one  wing  (if  you  can't  do  better)  and, 
holding  her  gently  against  the  frame, 
snip  off  one  wing.  This  won't  stop 
the  swarming,  but  it  will  keep  the 
becvs  from  absconding,  for  the,  swarm 
won't  go  off  wirhout  the  queen  while 
you  are  away.  So  you  are  often  able 
to  induce  them  to  call  olT  the  stt'ike 
and  go  Ijack  to  work. 

Clip  your  queens  then,  give  the  bees 
room,  give  them  shade  at  the  hottest 
hours  if  necessary,  ,shake  them  if  they 
show  signs  of  swarming  and  keep  the 
colonies    strong. — Newspaper. 


About    Sweet    Clover. 

The  Times  occasionally  hears  men- 
tion of  a  plant  which  must  resemble 
sweet  clover  as  growing  in  the  vicin- 
ity, and  it  would  like  further  informa- 
tio.n.  Sweet  clover  is  a  lucerne,  not 
of  very  great  value  as  compared  with 
alfalfa  for  feed.  It  blooms  profusely 
a  l)right  yellow  flower,  and  is  one  of 
the  best  honey  yielders  in  the  world. 
It  is  persistent,  though  not  a  perennial, 
seeding  itself  freely  in  the  second 
year.  It  i-s  a  wonderful  fertilizer,  fill- 
ing the  soil  about  its  roots  with  nitro- 
genous l)acteria  of  the  same  kind  as 
highly  recommended  by  the  Agricultur- 
al Department.  In  the  northwest  it  is 
used  to  redeem  barren  spots  of  .sand 
by  being  simply  planted  and  allowed 
to  stand  three  years,  when  the  ground 
is  p'owfHl  and  found  to  be  remarka- 
bly fertile  for  any  kind  of  crop  grown 
in  that  section,  especially  potatoes  and 
sugar  beets.  If  the  plant  is  really  to 
be    found    here,    it    should    be    widely 


spread.  If  not  here,  efforts  shoul 
be  made  to  introduce  it.  Ais  a  satire 
of  supply  for  bees  alone  it  woul 
prove  profitable. — Tampa   Times. 


RECENTLY   PUBLISHED 

The  only  thoroughly  practical  work  on  Incorp( 
ration  that  has  yet  appeared. 

CORPORATE  ORGANIZATION 

BY 

THOMAS   CONYNGTON,  of  the  Ne' 

York  Bar 
Author    of    "Corporate    Management 

A  working  manual  discussing  pra< 
tically: 

The  ends  gained  by  incorporation, 

Subscrii)tion    lists    and    contracts, 

Where  to  incorporate. 

Cost  of  incorporation, 

Capitalization    and    its    form. 

Selection  of  name. 

Preparation  of  charter  and  by-law 

First  meetings. 

The  protection  of  an  inventor. 

Protection   of   minority  interests, 

Incor]ioration  of  partnerships. 

Issuance  of  .stock  for  property. 

Contracts  prior  tO'  incorporation. 

I'nderwriting  agreements. 

Voting  trusts,  and  generally  the  ir 
portant  matters  incident  tO'  incorpor 
tion. 

The  work  is  clear,  concise  and  no 
technical,  and  covers  .lust  those  poin 
on  which  any  one  contemplating  or  i 
terested  in  an  incorporation  wishes  1: 
formation.  It  contains  many  importai 
euggestions  not  found  in  any  othi 
publication. 

352  pp.  Svo.  1905.  Buckram  bindin 
$2.50:  Prepaid,  $2.70.  Sheep.  $3.0 
Prepaid.  $3.20. 

With  "Corporate  Management."  a 
charges  prepaid,  both  books  in  buc 
ram.  $5.25;  Sheep.  $('..25. 

Published  and  for  sale  by 
Tlli^:  RONALD  PRESS  COMPANY, 
203   Broadway.  New   Yor 


Honey    and   Beesvirax   Market. 


Denver,  .June  17. — The  supply  ol  lioncy  is  larger  than  the  t 
mand  and  some  comb  honey  will  lie  carried  over.  We  quote  0 
market  today  as  loliows:  No.  1  white.  $2.20  per  24-section  era 
No.  2  liflht  amher.  $2.00;  No.  2.  $1.75.  Extracted.  6  l-2c  to  ' 
Beeswax,  wanted  at  26c. 

--^^-i"— '  f      Colorado  Honey  Producers'  Association. 

1440  Market  St.  

Bullalo.  July  14. — We  do  not  advise  shipping  until  snii 
Iruits  are  out  ol  the  market.  The  supply  ol  new  honey,  as  Vf 
as  the  demand,  is  light.  We  quote  today:  Fancy  new.  14c 
15c.     Old  honey.  6c  to  12c.     Beeswax.  28c  to  30c. 

Balterson  &  Co. 

Kansas  City.  Mo..  July  11. — There  is  but  little  new  honeys 
riving  as  yet.  as   compared    with    last    year.       The    supply  is  y 


limited,  but  the  demand  is  good  and  we  think  it  will  increase. 
We  quote  our  market  as  lollows:  Comb,  $2.50  to  $2.75  per  case; 
fxlraclcd.  4  1-2  to  6c.       Beeswax.  28c. 

C.   C.   CIcmmons  &   Co. 


Chicago.  June  7. — The  volume  ol  sales  are  infinitesimal:  hcnc 
)rices  are  not  considered  to  be  important  at  this  season.  Com 
)rings  12c  to  12  l-2c  per  pound  lor  best  grades,  oil  lots  at  7c  t 
lOc:  extracted  5c  to  7c,  according  to  what  it  is.  Beeswax  sell 
jpon  arrival  at'30c  per  pound.  R.   A.   Burnett  &  Co. 

■99  So.  Water  St. 


Cincinnati.  July  10.- — We  sold  today  at  our  store  new  crop 
il  lancy  comb  honey  at  13  l-2c  per  pound.  There  is  still  a  big 
tock  ol  last  seasons  honey  on  the  market  and  is  going  begging 
it  any  price.  Extracted  honey  is  moving  quite  lively  now.  We 
ire  selling  amber  extracted  honey  in  barrels  at  5  I-4c  to  6  l-2c. 
iccording  to  quality.  White  clover  extracted.  7c  to  8  l-2c.  Bees- 
wax, 26c.  The  Fred  W.   Muth  Co. 

51    Walnut  St. 


Boston,  May  9. — There  is  no  change  to   note,   in  condition  ol 
loney  market,  Irom  that  ol  our  letter  ol  April  24. 

Blake,  ScotI  &  Lee  Co. 


Sunshine 


is  gaining  ad- 
miration as  a 
popular  litera- 
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  ry  family 
—^■^^^^^^^'^•^—  MAGAZINE. 
It  entertains  its  readers  with  good  short  stor- 
ies, sketches  and  poems  by  the  most  famous 
authors  of  the  day  and  is  a  magazine  of  supe- 
rior merit. 

It  is  a  welcome  visitor  in  every  home. 

Price  25  cents  a  year. 

We  wish  to  haye  our  magazine  in  your 
vicinity  and  as  a  special  offer  for  new  readers 
we  will  send  you 

Sunshine  for  1  Year  for  10c. 

Think  of  it.  less  than  one  cent  a  copy.    Can't 
you  act  as  our  agent  ? 

ADD.  MAYES  PUB.  CO., 
LOUISVILLE,       =         ENTUCKY 


Are  You  Looking  for  a  Home? 

No  farmer  should  think  of  buying  land 
before  seeing  a  copy  uf  THE  FARM  AND 
REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAL.  It  contains 
the  largest  list  of  lands  for  sale  of  any 
paper  published  in  Iowa.  Reaches  30,000 
readers  each  issue,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
advertising  mediums  to  reach  the  fanners 
and  the  Home-Seekers  that  you  can  ad- 
vertise in.  For  75c.  we  will  mail  yoiu  the 
Journal  for  1  year,  or  for  ten  cents  iu 
silver  or  stamps  we  will  send  you  the 
Journal  2  months  on  trial.     Address, 

Farm  and  Real  Estate  Journal, 

TRAER,  TAMA  CO..   IOWA. 
10-tf. 


Four  New  Departments 


I  publish  and  recommend  to  you  THE 
RURAL  BEE  KEEPER,  the  best  all 
round  $1.00  monthly  bee  journal  in  Amer- 
ica. (.)n  trial  three  months  for  this  ad. 
with  25c.  Or  send  us  50c  for  a  three 
months'  trial  and  your  name  and  address 
on  a  two-line  rubber  stamp  (self-inking 
pad  2.0c  extra.)     Or 

Send  us  $1.50  and  get  the 
Rural  Bee  Keeper  one  year 

and  an  untested  ItaUan  queen  bee.  Sam- 
ple copy  free.     Agents  get  liberal  terms. 

We  count  that  day  lost  which  does  not 
show  some  improvement  in  The  Rural 
Bee  Keeper.  So  soon  as  we  can  find  the 
right  party  to  conduct  the  departments, 
we  will  establish  a  department  for  ad- 
vanced bee  keepers  and  a  kindergarten 
for  the  new  beginners.  We  also  want  to 
benefit  our  readers  in  the  West  and  want 
to  establish  a_  "Department  of  the  Middle 
West"  and  a  "Pacific  Coast  Department." 
Our  Foreign  and  Southern  Departments 
are  very  gratifying  to  us. 

We  solicit  your  subscription  and  your 
moral  support. 


W.   H.   PUTNAM 

RIVER   FALLS,    "WISCONSIN 


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for  a  Home? 


It  so  send  for  a  copy  of  The  Farm  aud 
Real  Estate  Journal.  It  has  lands  adver- 
tised in  it  from  nearly  every  state  in  the 
Union;  also  city  property  of  all  kinds  and 
stocks  of  goods  for  sale  or  e.xchange.  So 
that  anyone  looking  for  a  home  or  a  loca- 
tion can  find  anything  he  wishes  in  this 
Journal.  It  reaches  33,000  readers  every 
issue  and  is  one  of  the  best  advertising 
mediums  to  reach  the  farmer  and  home- 
seeker.  Advertising  rates  2c  per  word 
for  small  ads,  or  $1  per  inch  single  column 
each  insertion.  Send  75c  and  we  will 
mail  you  th«  Journal  for  one  year,  or  for 
10c  in  silver  or  stamps  we  will  send  it  for 
two  months'  on  trial  And  Journal  will 
be  stopped  at  the  end  of  two  months  if 
you  don't  renew.    No  copies  sent  free 

H-Feb.  tf 


Farm  &  Real  Estate  Journal 

Traer,  Tama  Co,  Iowa 


ONE-HALF  INCH  SPACE  ONE  TEAR  ON  THIS  PAGE,  $3.00. 


WJ.  DA\IS,  1st,   YOUNGSVILLE,  PA.. 
breeder    of    choice     Italian     Bees    and 
Queens.     Quality,   not  quantity,   is   my   motto. 


DEWEY'S  HARDY  HONEY  GATHERER-- 
Reared  under  swarDiiugimpulsethrougli- 
out  the  .year.  Large,  strong,  liealth , .  Send 
for  c  ird.  "Cau  1  Coiitiol  bwarming'-Uriginal. 
Untested,  75  c..  •!  for  $5  00;  tested  $1.50.  6  for 
85.00,  C'liOice  S;i50  High-grade  breeders.  $2 
toSlO.  E.  H.  UEWEV,  Gt.  Harrington.  Ma-s. 


QUEENS  HERE.  We  are  still  asking  you  to 
give  us  your  trnde  VYe  sell  Italians.  Guldens 
and  Carniolaus  at  75c  for  untested  aud  $1.00  lor 
tested.  Prices  on  quantities  and  nuclei  upon  ap  ■ 
plication. John  W.  Pharr,  Herclair,  Texas.  .Janb 


-THE  FRED  VV.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Walnut  Si 
•  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Standard  Bred  R« 
Clover  Threc-banded  Queens,  Golden  Italian 
and  Carniolans.  Safe  arrival  guaranteed.  Ser 
for  circular. 


T 


HE  A.   I.   ROOT  CO.,  MEDi.,A,    Ollh 
Breeders   of   Italian  bees  and  queens. 


E) 


r^UEENS  from  Jamaica  any  day  in  the  yes 
V/_  Untested,  66c.;  tested,  $1.00;  select  teste 
$l750.  Our  queens  are  reared  from  the  ve 
finest  strains.  Geo.  W.  Phillips,  Sav-La-M 
P.   O.,  Jamaica,  W.   I.  (5-5) 


oWARTHMORE  APIARIES,  SVVARTH- 
■^  MORE,  PA.  Our  bees  and  queens  are  the 
brightest  Italians  procurable.  Satisfaction 
quaranteed.  Correspondence  in  English, 
French,  German  and  Spanish.  Shipments  to 
all  parts  of  the  world. 


DJ     MLOCHKR,  Pearl   City,    111.,    breeder 
•     F^me  Italian  Bees  and  Queens       Our  sto 
speaks  for  itself.      Safe  arrival  of  all  stock  gui 
anteed.     Free  information  Jan.  ( 


I  AWRENCE  C.  MILLER,  BOX  11 
L-  PROVIDENCE,  R.  I.,  is  filling  orders  1 
the  popular,  hardy,  honey-getting  Providen 
strain  of  Queens.   Write  for  free  informatioi 


w 


W.  CAKY  &  SON,  LYONSVILLK, 
M.^SS.,  Breeders  of  choice  Italian  bees 
and  queens.  Imported  Leather  and  Root's  Red 
Clover  strains.     Catalog  and  price  list  free. 


p  II.  \V.  WEBER,  CINCINNATI,  OHI 
^'  (Cor.  Central  and  Freeman  Ave: 
Golden  Yellow,  Red  Clover  and  Carniol 
queens,  bred  from  select  mothers  in  separ 
apiaries. 


M  OORE'S  LONG-TONGUED  STRAIN 
'''  of  Italians  become  more  and  more  popu- 
lar each  year.  Those  who  have  tested  them 
know  why.  Descriptive  circular  free  to  ail. 
Write  J.   P.  Moore,  L.  Box  1,  Morgan,  Ky. 


HONEY  QUEENS  AND   BEES  for  sale.     I 
extracted    300    pounds    per   colony   in    1903. 
Thos.    W'orthington,    Leota,    Miss.       Aug.    5 


pUNIC    BEES, 
carded,      after 


All  other  races  are  dis- 
trial  of  these  wonderful 
bees.  Particulars  post  free.  John  Hewitt  & 
Co.,   Sheffield,   England.  Jan  6. 


lOHN  M.  DAVIS,  SPRING  HILL,  TENI 
J  has  greatly  enlarged  ard  improved  1 
queen-rearing  facilities.  Two  unrelated  Cj 
niolans  and  a  dark  leather  Italian  lately  ii 
ported.  My  own  strains  of  three-band  ai 
golden;  "Moore's"  long-tongue;  DoolittU 
golden;  all  selects.  Ccmiolans  mated  to  Iti 
ian  drones  when  desired.  No  disease.  C 
cular  free. 


QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER,  has  ■ 
exceptionally  hardy  strain  of  Italian  bet 
they  wintered  on  their  summer  stands'  with 
a  few  miles  of  bleak  Lake  Erie.  Send  f 
Tree    Circular.      BelWue,    Ohio.  (5-5) 


I 


HONFY  DEALERS'  DIRECTORY 


j^~Under  this  heading  will  be  inserted,  for  reliable  dealers,  two  lines  one 
year  for  $1.25.  Additional  words,  12c  a  word.  No  announcement  can 
be  accepted  for  less  than  one  year  at  these  rates._^ 


OHIO. 


H.  W.  WEBER,  Freeman  and  Central 
Aves.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  If  for  sale,  mail 
sample,  and  state  price,  expected  delivered 
in  Cinicinnati.  If  in  want,  write  for  prices, 
and  state  quality  and  quantity  desired. 
T  (5-5) 


^  are  always  in  the  market  for  extracted 
honey,  as  we  sell  unlimited  quantities.  Send 
us  a  sample  and  your  best  price  delivered 
here.  THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Wal- 
nut St.,   Cincinnati,   Ohio.  (5-5) 


COLORADO. 


THE  COLORADO   HONEY   PRODLCRK.S 
ASS'N,  1449  Market  St,  Denver,  Colo.     5 


ILLINOIS. 


R.    A    BURNETT   &   CO.,    199   South    Water 
Street,    Chicago.  (5-5) 


;ent=a=Word  Column. 


jENTS  WANTED  to  sell  advertising  nov- 
ies,  good  commission  allowed.  Send  for 
catalogue  and  terms.  American  Manufac- 
ing    Concern,    Falconer,    N.    V. 


1)R  SALE— Bees  for  Cuba.  7.5  good  colonies 
n  10-frame  Danz.  hive  (painted)  with  4x5  sec- 
ion  supers.      100  supers  (in  flat)  and  2."i  hives 

made  up,  extra.      Shipping  to  Cuba  about  $-5. 

A  rare  bargain  for  $400.     Address  21.5  DUVAL 

ST.,  Key  West,  Fla.  Sept.  5 


WANTED— The  name  and  address  of  those  any- 
where in  the  United  States  who  expect  to  buy 
honey  in  car  lots,  or  less,  during  1905.  The 
St.  Croix  Valley  Honey  Producers'  Associa- 
tion, Glenwood,  Wis.  Aug.  5. 


HE  BU.-^Y  MAN'S  METHOD  OF  REARING 

GOOD  QUERNS— This  leaflet  describes  tlie 
method  used  in  rearing  the  Hardy  Honey 
Gatherers  (re  d  elsewhere  1,  aud  if  carefully 
followed  will  pr:ducequeensof  great  merit. 
No  loss  of  brood,  no  cell-cups,  and  but 
little  time  required.  Large  queens  under 
warming  impulse.  N  thing  artificial  about 
it.  Eveiy  (jueen-breeder  needs  it.  Price  3 
:eDts.  E.  H.DEVVKY,  Gt   Barrington.  Mass. 


["ALIAN  AND  Carniolian  Queens.  The 
Bankston  Baby  Nucleus  and  the  Bankston 
ursery  cage.  Untested  queens  50  cents 
each ;  tested  75  cents.  Baby  nucleus,  nailed 
ready  for  use,  35  cents.  Nursery  cage,  35 
'cents  by  mail  with  printed  instructions. 
Milam  County, 
Aug.  5. 


C.    B.    Bankston,     Milano, 
Texas. 


JCREASE  is  a  handsome  little  book  tell- 
ng  how  to  form  new  colonies  without 
ireaking  working  stocks.  A  simple,  sarc 
atisfactory  plan.  25c.  Baby  Nuclei  tells 
low  to  mate  many  queens  from  sections 
with  a  mere  handful  of  bees.  42  pages,  20 
pictures;  plain  and  simple  plan.  50c.  Queens 
md  queen  rearing  outfits  for  sale.  Golden 
ill-over  and  Caucasian  Queenb.  Circulars 
;ree.     E.   L.    Pratt,    Swarthmore,   Pa. 


BEWARE 

WHERE   YOU    BUY  YOUR 

BEEWARE 


/  y/4  TCRTo  wn; 


WIS! 


MAKES  THE    FINEST 


G.  B.  LEWIS  COMPANY, 
BEE-KEEPERS^  SUPPLIES 

Watertown,  Wis. 

Eastern  Agents:  Fred  W.  MuthCc,  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  51  Walnut  Street:  C  M.  Scott  &  Co.,  ludian- 
apolis,  Ind  ,  1004  E  Washington  St.,  Norris  & 
Anspach,  K  nton,  Ohio,  Cleaver  &  Greene,  Troy, 
Penn. 


Learn  Telegraphy  and  R.  R.  Accounting 


$-')0  to  $100  per  month  salary  assured  our 
graduates  under  bond.  Vou  don't  pay  us 
until  you  have  a  position.  Largest  system 
of  telegraph  schools  in  America.  En- 
dorsed by  all  railway  officials.  Operators 
always  in  demand.  Ladies  also  admitted. 
Write  for  Catalogue. 

MORSE  SCHOOL  OF  TELEGRAPHY 

Cincinnati,  (  ).,         liuft'alo,  X.  V.,         Atlanta,  Cia., 

Texarkana.   Tex.,       San    Francisco,    Cal. 
Nov.  •">  LaCrosse.  Wis., 


Our  Special    Premium  Offer. 


Wr   have 


be  n  Slice  sst'iil  in    closing  a  contract  with  toe  Selden  Pen  M  ■ 
Co.,  of  New  lorlv,  wher-by  for  a  limited  time  we 


$ 


can  supply  a  guaranteed 

2.00     Gold     Fountain    Pen. 

"THE  CElTRIC  model  i" 

and  The  American  Bee  Keeper  on  year  for  only  90  CENTS,  to  eV' ry 
subscriber,  OLD  o  NEW.  The  pe  will  le  forwarded  immediat  ly  up- 
on recei,  t  of  i  e  mon  ^ .  It  is  made  of  the  best  qu  lity  o  hard  rubbe-- 
in  four  'arts,  and  fitted  with  a  eruaranteed  irridium  point  d  14-k  GoLD 
PEN.  Tiic-  •  fountain"  is  throughout  of  tht-  simplest  construction  and 
cannot  get^ut  of  order,  overflow,  or  fail  to  supoly  inkto  the  nib. 

"A  Fountain  Pen  is  a  Necessity 
of  The  Twentieth  Century." 

It  dispenses  with  the  iuroiivt'uicnt  iukstiind  and  is   always  ready  for  use. 

iXUC    f^PI   TDir^    IV\r"^P4P'l     l  '   tears    the    manufacturer's  Kuarantee   that 
1  nC    '^CL  1  I\lV^    iy\*^UlZL.    I      the  pen  is  solid  GOLD,  U-k  fine.    If  it  does 
not  prove  satisfactory  in  every   way  we  will  exchange  it  for   another,  or  return  the   fifty 
cents  additional  upon  return  of  the  pen. 

This  is  an  unusual  opportunity  to  secure,  at  a  very  low  price,  an  article  of  superior 
quality  that  is  coming  to  be  essential  to  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  every  one  who 
writes.     REMP;m  BER  that  the  olfer  is  for  a  short  time  only. 

THE  AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER,    Falconer,    N.   Y. 


Special  Notice    ^ 
to   Bee-keepers.  ] 

BO  STO  N\ 

Money   in  Bees  lor  You  ) 

Cata'og  Price  on  <| 

Root's    Supplies      ; 

Catalog  for  the   Asking  ') 

F.   H.  FARMER,  182   FRIEND  STREET,     ') 
BOSTON,  MASS.  \ 

=:Up    First    Flight^=    ^ 


AGENTS 


YOU    CAN    DO   IT 


AGbhTS 


Medallions  "Peuro  or  Pearl"  New  Me- 
dallions, Quick  sellers.  Big  money. 
Write  at  once.  Special  territory 
given.  Largest  Medallion  Co.  in  the 
World.  Agents'  supplies.  Novelties 
up-to-date.     Write  now. 

Universal  Manufacturing  Co., 

Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Read  This  and  Do  It  Quh 

All  One       fThe    Modern    Farmer, 
V/>a»   t1  4n       Green's   Fruit   Grower, 
I  ear  :pi.w.  \  Agricultural  Epitomist, 
Without      "{  The  Mayflower  and 
Gleanings      I  ^?"  l|eautiful  Flowering  Bu! 

Gleanings   in   Bee   Culture, 
80  Cents      t  American  Bee-Keeper. 
Without  Gleanings  and    American  Bee-Keeper, 
Good  only  a  short  time.     Address 

Modern  Farmer,  St.  Joseph,  W 

Box  15.  The  clean  farm  paper. 


Evei*j'    person    who    keeps    pigeo 
Belgian  hares,  cavievs,  dogs,  cats  01 
pet    of   any   kind   to   send    for    a 
•sample  of  the 

PET  STOCK  PAPER 

Address    Box    i!0 York, 


Providence  Queens 


Kind  That  Please 

A  bee-master  of  interuatioaial 
fame,  long  sought  for  a  strain  of 
liees  which  Avere  profitable,  gen- 
tle and  good  to  look  upon. 
Queens  .  from  many  lands  were 
tried  and  various  crosses  made 
until  at  last  a  promising  *5tart 
was  securetl.  Patiently  an] 
with  infinite  paints  and  careful 
selection  this  strain  was  devel- 
oped. Years  elapsed  as  the  work 
continued  imtil  finally  success 
rewarded  his  efforts.  I  have  se- 
cured the  control  of  this  stock 
and  otfer  it  to  bee-keepers  under 
the  name  of  the  "Providence 
Strain." 

Untested  Qneen-s $1.00 

Tested  Queens 1.50 


LAWRENCE    C    MILLER 

p.  Q.  Box  1113,  Providence,  R.  I. 


Three    Mr?!t/is  for    Only  PQ    Cents. 
To   a    A  C7t'   Subscriber. 

THE 

AMERICAN  BEE  JOURNAL 


Established 


1801 


It  is  the  only  weekly  \>q^  paper  in  America. 
Those  who  write  for  it  are  among  the  most 
extensive  and  successful  bee-keepers  in  the 
world.  Many  of  them  produce  honey  by  the 
ton,  and  make  money  at  the  business,  hence 
their  experience  is  valuable. 

Among  the  Departments  Represented  in  the 
Bee  Journal  Are  These: 

Editorial  Notes  and  Comments;  Mis- 
cellaneous News  Items;  Contributed 
Special  Articles:  Opinions  of  Some  Ex- 
perts; Proceedings  of  Conventions;  Our 
Bee-Keeping  Sisters;  Mr.  Hasty's  After- 
thoughts; Dr.  Miller's  Answers  to 
Questions;  Honey  and  Beeswax  Mar- 
ket Quotations. 

Every  bee-keeper,  whether  having  one 
colony  or  100,  should  read  the  old  American 
Bee  Journal  every  week. 

Only  $1.00  a  year;  or  20  cents  for  a  trial  trip 
of  three  mouths,  (13  copies),  to  a  new  sub- 
scriber.   Sample  copy  free.    Ask  for  it. 

George  W.  York  ®  Co. 

334  Dearborn  Street  Chicago  Illinois 


Big  Song  Book 


'Polly,  I  Love  But  You,"  words  and  music; 

'Piking  the  Pike,"  "Just  Because  I'm  From 
Missouri,"  "Hiawatha,"  "Navajo,"  "Bedelia," 
"Josie,"  "Only  a  Factory  Girl,"  "Flirting  at 
the  Seashore,"  "The  Little  Brown  Man  of 
Japan,"  "Come  Down,  Miss  Malinda,"  "Ma 
Ragtime  Ebony  Belle,"  and  44  other  popular 
songs,  all  in  one  book,  and  sent  postpaid  for 
only  10  CENTS.  We  will  also  send  a  coupon 
good  for  10  cents  to  everyone  mentioning  in 
what  paper  they  saw  this  ad. 


This  is  a  special  offer  to  introduce  our 
goods,  so  send  at  once. 


H.  D.  LEADER  CO. 

tf  GRAND   RAPIDS,    MICH. 


MUSIC  LOVERS 


BIG  MAGAZINE  ONE  YEAR  FOR  TEN  CENTS 

Send  us  lo  cents  in  silver,  together 
with  the  names  of  ten  persons  who 
get  mail  at  your  postoffice  who  are 
interested  in  MUSIC,  and  we  will 
send  you  our  handsome  magazine 
one  year.  We  receive  hundreds  of 
new  subscriptions  daily  from  per- 
sons who  think  our  magazine  a  big 
ger  bargain  than  Harper's,  Mun- 
sey's  Ladies'  Home  Journal,  or 
McClure's  This  is  a  special  offer 
for  a  short  time  onlv. 


OUR    SUBSCRIPTION     PRICE    MAY 
ADVANCE  TO   $1    PER  YEAR  SOON 


ADDRESS 

BERGES    PUBLISHING   CO. 

Dept.  H.  D.  Grand  Rapids.  Mich. 


Beeswax 
Wanted 


We  will  pay  28  cents  cash  or  30 
cents  in  goods  for  good  quality  of 
Beeswax,  freight  paid  to  Falconer,  N. 
Y.  If  you  have  any,  ship  it  to  us  at 
once.  Prices  subject  to  change  with- 
out notice. 

THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MFG  CO. 

When  writing  to  advertisers  mentiou 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


3  and  5=Banded  Italian 
and  Carniolan  Queens. 

Say  friends,  you  who  have  support- 
ed us  during  the  past  season,  we 
desire  to  express  our  thanks  for 
your  patronage  in  the  past,  and 
respectfully  solicit  a  continuance  of 
your  valued  favors  through  the  sea- 
son of  1904. 

Our  queens  now  stand  upon  their 
merits  and  former  record.  We  are 
preparing  for  next  season,  and  seek- 
ing the  patronage  of  large  apiarists 
and  dealers.  We  do  not  claim  that 
our  queens  are  superior  to  all  oth- 
ers, but  that  they  are  as  good  as 
the  best.  We  will  furnish  from  one 
to  a  thousand  at  the  following 
prices:  ""'■sted  of  either  race,  $1; 
one  unte  d,  75c.,  5  for  $3.25,  lO 
for  $6,  15  for  $8.25,  25  for  $12.50,  50 
for  $23.50,  100  for  $45. 
For  descriptive  circulars  address, 

JOHN  W.  PHARR,  Prop., 

New  Century  Queen  Rearing  Co.,  Ber- 
clair,  Goliad  Co.,  Texas. 

BEGINNERS. 

shou.d  hare  a  copy  of 

The  Amateur  Bee-keeper, 

a  70  page  book,  by  Prof.  J.  W.  Rouse;  writtem  es- 
pecially  for  amateurs.  Second  •dition  just  •■' 
First  edition  of  1,000  sold  in  less  thaa  two  year» 
Editor  York  says:  "It  i«  the  £nest  littlt  book  pub- 
lished at  the  present  time."  Price  24  cenU;  by 
Kail  2S  cents.     The  little  book  and 

The  Progressive  Bee-keeper, 

(a  lire,  progressiTC,  28  page  monthly  journal,)  on* 
year  for  b.ic.  Apply  to  any  first-class  dealer,  •r 
address 

LEAHY  MFG    CO.,  Hig8in.T,u., «.. 


Chance 
Of  a  Life 


100  ^^%"\  r°  '^f 

rSelgians  > 
Send  for  particulars  and    sami  ,. 


of  the  only 


Belgian  Hare  Jol 


Published  in  America.^  „„(„■-, 

Judge  R.  J.  FINbdh  >a 

227  Lamb  St  ,  MACON,  iVlc 


To  Subscribers  of   "^ 
THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 

And  Others! 

Until  Further  Notice 

We  Will  Send  The 


Country 
Journal 


to  any  addi'oBS  in  the  U.  S.  A.  oni 
year  for  10  tents,  providing  yoi 
n>  jntion  Auierican  Bee-Keeper. 

The  Country  Journal  treats  oi 
'  arm,  Orchard  and  Garden,  Poul 
'  ty  and  Fashion.  It's  the  best  pa 
yter  printed  for  the  price. 

Address 

The  Country  Journal, 

Allentown,  Pa. 
2tf 


W.  M.  Gerrish,  R.  F.  D..  Epping,  N.  B 
keeps  a  complete  supply  of  our  goods,  ar 
Eastern  customers  will  save  freight  by  orde- 
ing  of  him. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  Co. 


IGENTS  Wanted  '  WaThTng^Machines. 

You  can  double  your  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

id  they  sell  easily.     We  have  sold  over   150,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years.      They 
e  cheaper  than  ever.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co.  ,    Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


The  Iowa 

Horticultural 

Paper. 

Monthly, 
50  cents    • 
per  year. 

It  is  unique, 
planned  on 
original  lines. 

You  cannot 
be  up-to-date 
rowing  unless  you  read  it. 

of   this   year  free  to  new 


THE  FRUITMAN, 

Mt,  Vernon,  Iowa. 

le  Solution  of  the 
^e  Literature 
oblem 

.Is  never  solved  until  it  is 
solved  right,  and  is  never 
solved  until  you  are  a 
subscriber  for  our  Jour- 
nal. A  new  corps  of 
writers  has  been  secured 
to  contribute  regularly 
and  what  they  will  write 
will  all  be  new  to  you. 
Subscribe  to-day.  ^1.00 
a  year. 

e  Western  Bee  Journal 
i^burg,    California, 
f.  Adelsbach,  Editor 
'  Publisher. 


50    YEARS' 
EXPERIENCE 


Trade  Marks 
Designs 
Copyrights  &c. 

Anyone  sending  a  sketch  and  description  may 
quickly  ascertain  oVir  opinion  free  whether  an 
Invention  is  probably  patentable.  Communica- 
tions strictly  confidential.  Handbook  on  Patents 
sent  free.  Oldest  apency  for  securing  patents. 

Patents  taken  through  Munn  &  Co.  receive 
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Bow  we  make  our  hens  pay  400 
per  cent,  profit,  new  system,  our 
own  method,  fully  explained  in 
our  Illustrated  Poultry  Book,  which  contains 
Poultry  Keeperc'  Acc't  and  Egg  Record  showing 
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>m 


Seasonable 


irnw 


Glass  Honey=Packages. 

Anticipating  a  demand  for  honey  jars  and  bot- 
tles we  have  put  in  two  carloads  of  stock  before 
the  summer  shut-down  of  the  glass  factories,  so 
that  we  are  prepared  to  furnish  the  various  jars 
listed  in  our  catalog.  We  have  also  a  few  odds 
and  ends  of  stock,  such  as  we  formerly  listed, 
which  we  offer,  to  close  out,  as  follows.  We  can- 
not duplicate  these  when  present  stock  is  sold: 

1-lb.  tin-top  tumblers.  No.  789.  5  bbls.  of  200 
each,  at  $4.50  per  bbl. 

1  1-2-lb.  tin-top  glass  pails.  No.  ""«,  2  bbls.  of  100 
each,  at  $5.00  per  bbl. 

Large  lb.  tin-top  glass  pail.  No.  777,  1  bbl.  of 
150,  $5.00. 

.Small  lb.  tin-top  glass  pail.  No.  776,  1  bbl.  of  200, 
$5.50. 

1-lb.  Oaken  Bucket,  tirf  top,  with  wire  bale,  1 
bbl.  of  150,  for  $5.00. 

These  prices  are  all  a  dollar  a  barrel  less  than 
we  used  to  sell  these  tumblers  and  pails  at.  We 
have  also  a  little  loose  stock  which  we  will  pack 
and  include  at  the  same  rate. 

Special  Price  on  Tin  Cans. 

We  recently  secured  a  special  bargain  in  half- 
gallon  stjliare  cans.  They  are  choice  bright  stock; 
but  as  the  pattern  differed  slightly  from  the  regu- 
lar one  they  are  now'  making,  they  closed  them 
out  at  a  special  price.  We  have  also  an  over- 
stock of  quart  oblong  square  cans.  While  this 
stock  lasts  we  will  make  the  following  prices  for 
shipment  from  Medina  only: 

1-4-gal.  oblong  square  cans  with  1  1-2-inch 
screw,  $5.00  per  100;  $45.00  per  1000. 

1-2-gal.  square  cans  with  1-inch  screws,  $0.00 
per  100. 

1-2-gal.  square  cans  with  1  l-4-'inch  screws,  $6.50 
per  100. 

1-2-gal.  square  cans  with  1  1-2  inch  screws,  $V.00 
per  100. 

In  :'>00  lots,  50c  per  100  less'. 

We  have  also  a  good  stock  of  one-  and  five-gal- 
lon cans  at  regular  prices. 

Second=Hand  Pive=GalloQ   Cans. 

We  have  to  offer  a  quantity  of  second-hand  five- 
gallon  honey  cans  in  good  condition  for  use  again, 
especially  for  amber  or  low  grades  of  honey.    We 


offer  the  best  of  them  at  $4.50  for  10  boxes  ol 
cans  each;  $10.00  for  25  boxes.  We  have  : 
which  are  not  so  bright,  and  yet  are  honey-t 
that  we  will  furnish  at  10  cents  a  box  less. 
boxes  in  which  the  cans  are  shipped  are 
second-hand,  but  will  be  put  in  good  cont 
when  shipped. 

Wide=Mouth  Mason  Fruit=Jar8. 

The  carload  price  on  Mason  fruit  jars  is  o 
dollar  a  gross  higher  this  year  than  last, 
carried  over  quite  a  large  stock,  which  w 
sell  at  the  same  prices  as  heretofore— namelj 

Pint doz.  52c.    6  doz $3.00  12  doz.. 

Quart..doz.  5.5c.    6  doz 3.10  12  doz 

l-2-gal..doz.  75c.    6  doz 4.10  12  doz 

Triumph  wrench,  15c  each. 

Ball's  waxed  rings.  5c  per  dozen.  The 
far  superior  to  rubber  rings  for  fruit  jar: 
cheaper. 

In  addition  to  the  regular  style  of  Mas< 
we  have  a  stock  of  wide-mouth  special  M 
with  3-inch  openings.  These  are  especia 
sirable  for  canning  large  fruit  whole,  or  foi 
ing  chunk  comb  honey.  These  jars  are  of 
quality,  and  cost  $1.65  per  gross  more  th 
regular  pattern.  As  we  do  not  list  them  w 
our  present  stock  at  an  advance  of  10c  per 
$1.20  per  gross,  on  any  size.  They  have  eir 
and  rubber  rings.  W£  have  no  wax  ring! 
right  size  to  fit  these 'jars.  They  are  a  t 
at  this  price. 

Caucasian  Queens. 

We  can  spare  a  Hmited  number  of  iir 
Caucasian  queens,  received  direct  from  tl 
breeders  in  Caucasus.    Prices  as  follows: 

Extra  select  Caucasian  imported  queens. 

Select  Caucasian  imported  queen. 

Extra  select  untested  Caucasian-Italian 
queens,  from  Caucasian  mothers  mated 
with  Italian  drones         .... 

Select  untested  Caucasian-Italian  queens, 
from  Caucasian  mothers  mated  with 
Italian  drones         .  .  .         • 


Orders    filled     in     rotation, 
about  July  15. 


Delivery 


COMPLETE  CATALOG  ON  REQUEST. 

THE  A.  L  ROOT  COMPA] 

MEDINA,   OHIO 

B/^ANC//£S: 

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Pender  Bros., 

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Patent  Wired  Comb  Foundation 

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Has    No    Fishbone    in    Surplus    Honey. 

Being  the  cleanest  is  usually  worked  the 
ciuickest  of  any  foundation  made.  The  talk 
about  wiring  frames  seems  absurd.  We 
furnish  a  Wired  Foundation  that  is  Better, 
Cheaper  and  not  half  the  trouble  to  use  that 
it  is  to  wire  brood  frames. 

Circulars  and   sample  free. 

J.  VAN  DETJSEN  &  SONS 

.Sole     ^Manufacturers, 

TMontgomery       Co..       .Sprout      Brook.       N.       Y. 


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^ 


CAVEATS,  TRADE  MARKS, 
COPYRIGHTS  AND  DESIGNS. 

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My  office  close  to  U.  3.  Patent  Office.  FREE  prellmln- 
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ashington,  d.  c. 


iE.G.SIGGERS.S! 


Tf    Tf    If,   BINGHAI 

I    I  _  J     has   made   all    the   im- 

'  provements  in 

h  Bee  Smokers  and 

^  Honey  Knives 

made  in  the   last  20  years,  undoubtedly 
he  makes  the  best  on  earth. 

Smoke  Engine,   4  inch  stove,  none  too  largt,  set 

postpaid,  per  mail ?1  .'lO 

31^  inch 1.10 

Knife,  80  cents.  :s  inch l.UO 

2!^  inch HU 

r.  F.  Bingham,  Vf^^^-w---^--    -I? 

_  .....    .  Little  Wonder,  2  in.     .65 

Farwell,  Mich. 

§  PHOTOGRAPHS^ 

8  - 

O  Scenic  Productions  and  NOVEL 
0  DESIGNS  are  our  specialties 
Q  Many  Northern  Publi^sher,s  are 
u.-^iuii-  our  half-tone  copy.  Most 
extensive  publishers  of  Florida 
views  on   the   Florida   Coa^st.         'A 

—  2 

y^    Florida       Photographic     Concern,  S 

o'  8 

O    Fort  Pierce       -        =         Florida,  » 

<>.  « 


I  SELL 


Honey,  Bees,  Land  and  Lumber 


THOS.WORTHINQTON. 


LEOTA,  MISS. 


STANDARD   BRED  QUEENS. 

BUCKEYE    STRAIN    RED    CLOVER,        GOLDEN    ITALIANS 
By-Raturn   Mull.      Safe  Arrival  Guarantaed. 

FR/ICBIS.  ONE  SIX 

Untasted                                            -   -  $0.75  $4.00            $7. 

Salact  Untestad   ■  1.00  5.00              9 

Tastad            f                      1.50  8  00            15. 

Saiaet  Tastad                                                      •  2.00  1 0  00            18. 

,.        Selaet  Broadars,  aaeh    : -       •    .$3.00 

-    Two-'frama  Nuclaus  and  Rad  Clovar  Quaan 3.00 

THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  GO., 

No.  51  WALNUT  ST.,  CINCINNATI.  OHIO. 


♦  4  »»4»»»MMM»4*»M»»»4»  ♦»♦♦♦♦♦»♦  ♦♦♦♦  ->  i-^-^-h¥ 

X  QUEENS  AND  BEES 

■f  Have  you   ever   tviedniiu  (ineens?  If  not,  I  sboiilcl  be  glad  to 

have  vou  do  so.  as  they  are  as  GOOD  AS   MONEY   CAN  BUY, 
AND  I  GUARANTEE  PERFECT  SATISFACEION. 

I    have    three-banded  Italian.  Golden,  CyprianvS,  Caruiolans, 
Holy   Lands  and  Albinos.   Untested,  either  race,  75  cents  each. 
Tested,  $1.50  each.    Breeders.   .$8.00.     Contracts   made  for  large 
orders.     Two-framed  nuclei  a  specijilty. 
l-5tf 
i_5  tf.  H.   H.   STANLEY,   BEEVILLE,       TEXAS. 


Ahead  of  Shook=Swarmin| 


The  March  Review  is  now  in  process  of 
preparation,  and  will  be  out  about  the  mid- 
dle of  the  month.  One  article  in  this  issue 
will  be  by  H.  G.  Sibbald  of  Canada,  and  he 
will  describe  a  new  system  of  management 
that  promises  to  be  away  ahead  of  shook- 
swarming.  It  has  these  advantages:  No 
shaking  of  the  bees;  no  handling  of  the 
brood;  no  possibility  of  the  queen  being  in 
the  wrong  hive;  no  danger  of  after- swarm- 
ing; no  increase  unless  desired  (but  easy  to 
secure  If  wanted);  no  queen  cells  to  hunt  up 
and  destroy;  yet  the  whole  force  of  bees  niay 
be  kept  together  the  whole  season,  and  each 
colony  ma:,  be  requcened  with  a  queen  from 
a  naturally  built  cell. 


This  is  only  a  single  article  in  one  issue 
the  Review,  but  it  is  a  fair  sample  of  wh 
you  are  losing  if  you  don't  read  the  Revie 
and  of  what  you  will  gain  if  you  read 
Send  $1  for  the  Review  for  1905;  or  If  y 
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W.  Z.  Hutchinson, 

Flint,  MicJ 


Vol.  XV 


SEPTEMBER,  1905. 


No.  9 


Ube  *^lmoo^*1Robin. 


"JTNISTANT  in  the  wildwood 
^^     I  hear  the  robins'  song, 
A  wierd,  re-echoing  whirl  of  melody, 
Whose  notes  the  forest  aisles  prolong. 

Distinct  and  mournfully, 
Sole  king  of  evening, 

Thy  cadences  ring  in  my  ears. 
Recalling  one  who  loved  thy   voice 

Back  in  the  vanished  years. 
That  long  and  clarion  strain, 

Brimming  with  bygone  lore. 
Tells  of  a  time  when  all  our  hearts 

Were  young  in    days  of  yore. 
Dreams  of  an  old-world  bliss. 

Fancies  of  brighter  years 
Breathe  in  thy  luscious  voice. 

Flooding  my  eyes  with  tears. 
With  flute-like  music 

Thy  voice  floats  through  the  vale, 
Prophet  of  peaceful  days  when  the  tragic  note 

Shall  fade  from  thy  twilight  tale. 

Sing,  bird  of  the  wilderness! 

Other  ears  may  hear. 
And  in  thy  roundelay 

Catch  words  of  cheer. 

Richard  Herbert  Gesner. 


174 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


SUGAR  FEEDING. 


Septemb< 


EVILS  RESULTING  FROM  THIS   AND   KINDRED  PRACTICES. 


Bv  ARTHUR  C.  MILLER. 


IN  THE  AUGUST  BEE-KEEPER 
Mr.  F.  Greiner  expresses  surprise 
at  learning  that  sugar  is  "being 
used  largely  in  producing  comb 
honey."  I  do  not  know  that  I  put 
the  matter  in  just  those  words  which 
imply  that  the  masses  of  bee-keepers 
deliberately  supply  sugar  syrup  for 
the  purpose  of  having  the  bees  put  it 
in  the  sections.  Such  an  implication 
would  be  unjust  to  the  majority  of 
bee-keepers.  The  point  I  have  en- 
deavored to  emphasize  is  that  much 
of  the  sugar  syrup  fed  to  bees  gets 
into  the  surplus  honey. 

Those  bee-keepers  who  practice 
stimulative  feeding  or  who  try  to  have 
the  brood  nest  packed  with  syrup  be- 
fore the  honey  flow  opens  are  sure  to 
have  more  or  less  syrup  in  their  sur- 
plus honey.  ]Mr.  Boardman  has  long 
practiced  filling  the  brood  chambers 
with  syrup  before  the  honey  flow,  "so 
that  when  the  latter  comes  the  honey 
will  all  go  into  the  supers."  He  fur- 
ther states  that  before  he  adopted  this 
practice  his  "crops  of  honey  were  very 
uncertain."  In  other  words,  so  long 
as  the  sugar  syrup  is  to  be  had  the 
bees  will  put  up  a  surplus.  Mr.  Board- 
man  bears  an  excellent  reputation  and 
I  do  not  believe  for  an  instant  that  he 
feeds  the  syrup  to  have  it  put  into  the 
supers.  But  into  supers  more  or  less 
of  it  always  goes  under  such  con- 
ditions, and  there  can  be  bought  in 
the  open  market  to-day  comb  honey 
which  is  unmistakably  largely  sugar 
syrup.  The  Gleanings  people  in  their 
zeal  to  push  what  seemed  to  them  a 
good  thing  spread  the  Boardman  doc- 
trine far  and  wide  and  incidentally 
they  make  mention  of  sundry  feeders 
which  they  manufacture  and  will  per- 
mit the  public  to  acquire  for  a  modest 
consideration.  Both  ]\Ir.  Boardman 
and  the  Gleanings  people  deny  that 
the  syrup  goes  into  the  supers,  but 
they  cite  no  proof,  it  is  just  a  comfor- 
table belief. 


That  excellent  authoritj',  Mr.  J. 
Green,  of  Grand  Junction,  Colorad 
says  in  Gleanings  for  August  ist. :  ' 
great  deal  of  the  honey  stored  in  t 
super  has  first  been  stored  in  t 
brood-combs,  in  many  cases  at  leas- 
Gleanings'  favorite  authority,  IS/. 
Doolittle,  says  that  bees  once  start 
in  the  sections,  the  honey  stored 
the  combs  below  will  be  carried  to  t. 
sections  as  fast  as  the  queen  needs  t 
room  for  egg-laying,  and  further  tV 
within  fifteen  days  after  the  bees  c 
cupy  the  sections,  the  brood  chamb 
is  packed  with  brood  except  for  a  1 
tie  pollen  and  honey  in  the  extrei 
upper  corners  of  the  frames  and  t 
sections  are  well  filled  with  honi 
Scores  of  such  statements  might 
quoted  if  it  were  necessary,  but  it  w 
suffice  to  add  reference  to  the  we 
known  advice  to  extract  just  befc 
the  honey  flow  all  dark  honey  frc 
brood  combs  so  the  honey  in  the  si 
ers  will  not  be  discolored. 

Regarding  the  practice  of  feedi« 
sugar  to  the  bees  at  all,  that  sterli- 
and  upright  man  Mr.  L.  C.  Root, 
Stamford,  Ct.,  has  said:  "We  are  ter 
ing  more  and  more  each  year  to  t 
practice  of  feeding  honey  only  to  c 
bees,  and  I  shall  welcome  the  day  wh 
this  will  be  the  exclusive  practice,  tl: 
avoiding  the  appearance,  even,  of  a 
possibility  of  fraud  in  the  quality 
our  surplus  honey"  and  "in  this  as 
the  use  of  comb  foundation  for  box 
I  am  disposed  to  take  radical  grou 
and  protest  against  anything  tl 
gives  the  color  of  suspicion  to  c 
products." 

Twenty  years  ago  he  gave  tl 
warning,  but,  save  for  now  and  ther 
faint  protest,  the  practice  of  feedi 
and  the  use  of  comb  foundation  in  t 
sections  has  been  constantly  a 
steadily  urged.  Langstroth  sa 
"The  prudent  apiarian  will  always  : 
gard  the  feeding  of  bees,  except  t 
little  given  to    them    by    way    of    e 


IQOS- 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


175 


couragement,  as  an  evil  to  be  sub- 
mitted to,  only  when  absolutely  neces- 
sary, and  will  very  much  prefer  to  ob- 
tain his  supplies  from  what  Shakes- 
peare has  so  beautifully  termed  the 
merry  pillage'  of  the  blooming  fields, 
than  from  the  neighboring  grocery." 

These  far-sighted  men  saw  the  dan- 
gers and  sounded  the  warning  but  it 
was  unheeded,  and  to-day  the  bee- 
keepers of  the  land  are  suffering  in 
ons^quence. 

Just  as  long  as  bee-keepers  feed 
5Ugar  syrup  to  their  bees  they  must 
jxpect  to  be  accused  of  producing 
idulterated  honey,  and  I  am  not  sure 
;hat  in  states  having  a  pure  food  law 
:hey  would  not  be  subject  to  criminal 
)rosecution.  It  is  folly  for  the  Honey 
Producers'  League  to  rail  against  the 
;tories  of  adulterated  comb  honey  so 
ong  as  their  leading  men  publicly 
idvocate  feeding  sugar  syrup  for  any 
)urpose  except  in  cases  where  the 
)eesare  absolutely  starving — an  occur- 
ence exceedingly  rare  in  most  parts 
)f  the  land  if  the  bees  are  rationally 
reated. 

The  bee  text-books  and  papers  are 
ull  of  instructions  on  feeding  and 
)ages  of  the  catalogues  are  devoted  to 
lescriptions  of  feeders.  Comb  foun- 
lation  is  universally  talked  of  in  bee 
iterature  and  is  called  by  the  public 
irtificial  comb.  It  is  folly  for  the 
-eague  to  assert  that  there  is  no  such 
hing  as  artificial  comb  when  there  ap- 
)ears  in  good  plain  type  in  the  "A  B  C 
>f  Bee  culture" — a  book  published 
)y       a       company       of      which       the 

eague's  treasurer  is  an  active 
nember — the  following:  "Several 
ttempts  were  made  to  produce 
rtificial  comb  in  the  years  gone 
y.  but  it  was  not  until  E.  B.  Weed, 
lormerly  of  Detroit,  now  of  Cleveland, 
ni'ent  to  work  at  the  problem  that  any- 
hing  like  the  real  articre  was  pro- 
uced.  His  first  samples  had  cell 
/alls  as  delicate  as  the  Dees  make 
hem  but  the  base  was  flat,  and  the 
ees  did  not  take  as  kindly  to  them  as 
heir  own  product.  And,  moreover,  it 
/as  soon  discovered  that  they  thick- 
ned  the  base  making  a  comb  that 
■  hen  eaten  showed  a  perceptible 
lidrib. 

Mr.  Weed  finally  set  about  making 
le  same  article  with  natural  bases 
nd    this    he    accomplished    perfectly, 


indeed  it  was  a  marvel  of  skill  and 
workmanship.  This  comb  was  nearly 
as  delicate  and  as  perfect  as  the 
natural   production,"   etc. 

Comb  foundation  in  section  honey 
is  accountable  for  much  of  the  dis- 
trust of  its  purity.  The  public  know 
some  such  thing  exists  and  when  they 
cut  through  a  tough  strip  along  the  top 
of  the  box  or  get  their  teeth  into  the 
tough  substance  they  are  not  slow  in 
thinking,  "artificial  product."  It  may 
be  quite  true  that  foundation  can  be 
made  as  thin  or  thinner  than  the  base 
of  natural  comb,  but  it  is  not  friable 
like  that. 

It  will  mean  more  or  less  of  a  revo- 
lution in  methods  of  comb  honey  pro- 
duction to  dispense  with  foundation, 
etc.,  and  the  big  manufacturers  of  it 
may  do  some  vigorous  fighting  against 
its  abandoment  for  that  purpose. 

The  objection  to  its  use  is  no  new 
thing  but  the  leading  papers  have 
certainly  not  fostered  the  opposition. 
In  plain  English,  the  bee-keepers  have 
had  preached  to  them  a  lot  of  things 
which  have  been  to  their  injury  and 
they  are  now  feeling  the  evil  results 
r)f  following  the  advice.  Let  us  see  if 
the  purveyors  of  these  harmful  doc- 
trines now  have  the  courage  to  open- 
ly acknowledge  their  mistakes — if  that 
is  all  they  are,  as  we  hope — and  strive 
to  correct  the  evils.  It  may  cost  them 
some  prestige— which  means  money 
— and  it  may  curtail  the  sale  of  some 
goods,  but  they  cannot  serve  mankind 
and  Mammon  at  the  same  time. 

As  to  the  honey  producers,  they 
must  not  only  avoid  evil  but  every  ap- 
pearance of  evil  if  they  expect  the 
world  to  accept  their  goods  as  ster- 
ling. 

Providence,  R.  I.,  Aug.  14,  1905. 


A  VETERAN  APIARIST. 

By  J.  \V.  Tefft. 

EDITOR  BEE-KEEPER:     I  came 
here  to  visit  my  old  friend,  Mr. 
Albert    Daken,    from    whom     I 
bought    my    first    bees,    in    1855,    and 
received   my   first   instruction   in   bee- 
keeping. 

Mr.  Daken,  at  T2)  years  of  age,  still 
adheres  to  his  resolution  adopted 
when  he  began  bee-keeping,  to  have 
nothing  but  the  very  best  of  every- 
thing about  him,  and  I  regard  him  as 


176 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


September 


one  of  the  most  successful  bee-keepers 
of  our  time.  It  was  he  who,  in  No- 
vember, 1859,  shipped  the  first  bees  to 
California,  the  shipment  comprising 
197  colonies,  by  the  way  of  the 
isthmus,  and  of  which  but  five  colo- 
nies died  en  route. 

The  so-called  Hoffman  frame,  as 
now  manufactured  for  the  market,  is 
an  exact  reproduction  of  the  Daken 
frame,  as  made  by  him  in  1857,  and  if 
honor  is  due  to  anyone  for  having  in- 
vented a  frame  with  this  self-spacing 
device,  it  surely  belongs  to  Mr.  Albert 
Daken  of  Tully,  N.  Y.  I  was  out  in 
Mr.  Daken's  bee-shop,  looking  over 
his  interesting  museum,  and  found  a 
hive  filled  with  brood  frames  that 
were  made  bj''  Mr.  Daken  in  1857 — five 
years  before  Mr.  Hoffman  came  to 
America.  I  also  found  an  L.  hive  of 
frames  of  the  original  Hoffman  style 
made  by  Mr.  D.  fifty  years  ago.  If 
j^ou  wish,  I  will  send  you  samples  of 
these  old  frames,  made  half  a  century 
ago  by  Mr.  Daken. 

Mr.  Daken  uses  a  frame  15  Inches 
long  by  ten  inches  deep,  and  ten  to 
the  hive.  He  attributes  much  of  his 
success   to   the   use   of  a   deep   frame. 

The  white  honey  crop  here  this  sea- 
son has  been  a  complete  failure,  bass- 
wood  being  the  main  source.  Advices 
from  m}"-  own  apiary  in  western  New 
York,  however,  report  a  good  surplus. 

Though  73  years  of  age,  Mr.  Daken 
has  always  lived  here  in  his  own  home 
and  has  made  bee-keeping  his  chief 
business,  and  he  is  as  vigorous  and 
enthusiastic  as  ever  and  now  has  about 
200  colonies,  all  black  bees,  with  a 
slight  admixture  of  yellow  blood. 

About  15  years  ago  Mr.  Daken  sent 
a  sample  of  his  frame  to  a  friend  in 
southern  Indiana,  who  saw  that  it  was 
good  and  sent  it  to  one  of  the  leading 
manufacturers,  and  from  this  sample 
is  now  being  made  the  Daken  brood 
frame. 

Tully,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  8,  1905. 


CUTTING  THE  BEE  TREE. 

By  Bessie  L.  Putnam. 

IN   OLDEN  TIMES  this  was   quite 
an  important  matter  in  the  house- 
hold.     If    the    pioneer    came    by 
chance  upon  a  tree  in  which  the  wild 
bees  had  stored  their  sweets  he  simply 
marked    his    initials    upon    the    tree, 


which,  according  to  the  fireside  laws 
then  in  force,  gave  him  right  to  the 
honey;  though  if  strictly  conscientious 
he  usually  asked  permission  of  tht 
owner  to  cut  the  tree.  This  was  as 
rule  readily  given,  for  timber  was 
in  those  days  of  comparatively  litth 
value  and  the  bee  tree  was  of  course 
hollow  to  begin  with,  else  it  woulc 
never  have  become  a  bee  tree. 

And  now,  what  is  a  bee  tree?  Sim 
ply  a  tree  in  which  wild  bees  or  thos« 
which  have  preferred  a  wild  life  to  the 
new-fangled  hives  of  their  relatives 
have  made  their  home.  Thost 
familiar  with  the  habits  of  wild  bee; 
find  it  not  difficult  to  locate  thest 
homes,  and  there  is  scarce  a  neighbor 
hood  in  which  some  old  resident  ha; 
not  been  an  expert.  Often  the  cuttins 
of  the  tree  forms  a  source  of  sport  fo 
the  boys  of  the  neighborhood,  the  fui 
sometimes  becoming  more  pointei 
than  planned.  While  the  plunder  ma; 
prove  sufficient  to  repay  the  trouble 
as  a  rule  a  small  quantity  of  darl 
honey  thoroughly  impregnated  wit! 
smoke  is  a  result. 

The  history  of  a  single  tree  ma: 
serve  to  illustrate  the  fact  that  it  i 
sometimes  cheaper  to  buy  a  first-clas 
article  at  first-class  price  than  ti 
try  to  gain  something  for  nothing. 

Mr.  X.  comes  to  Mr.  Y  on  othe 
business  and  incidentally  mention 
finding  the  bee-tree,  asking  at  thesam 
time  for  his  company  at  the  cutting 
As  the  tree  is  represented  as  value 
less  the  owner  consents.  More  thai 
this,  he  feels  a  sort  of  pity  for  the  lit 
tie  householders,  and  naving  one 
owned  a  few  bees  he  suggests  housini 
the  victims  in  a  comfortable  home. 

They  seek  the  bee-tree,  but  to  th 
surprise  of  both,  it  is  not  located  01 
land  of  Mr.  Y.,  but  belongs  in  an  ad 
joining  field.  X.  volunteers  to  asl 
permission  of  another  neighbor,  wi!tj| 
success.  They  work  until  past  th 
noontide  meal,  and  then  come  ii 
wearied  and  hungry,  their  choicest  of 
fering  being  perhaps  a  pound  of  mos 
iininviting  black  honey.  The  comb  i 
likewise  too  much  discolored  t( 
promise  any  pay.  No  stings  are  th 
one  source  of  gratulation.  "Did  yoi 
get  the  bees?"  is  the  query  of  th< 
homefolk.  "We  are  not  sure  abou 
that,"  is  the  reply.  After  long  an( 
patient   efforts   to   get   them   to   eiite 


) 


1905- 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


177 


the  hive  the  object  was  seemingly  ac-    themselves    into    a     wrong    position. 

omplished,  and  they  were  left  to  their    I   have   clipped  many  queens  without 

own  sweet  will  for  the  day.  touching    them    at    all    save    with    the 

At  even  a  neighbor  drove  a  little  out  scissors,  but  like  this  way  better: 
oi  his  way  to  bring  the  information  take  a  small  stalk  or  spear  of  grass 
that  the  bees  had  swarmed  by  the  and  bend  it  into  a  loop  by  holding 
roadside  some  rods  from  the  scene  of  both  ends  between  the  thumb  and  fin- 
the   robbery.  ger  of  the   right  hand.     Now,  as   the 

Once  more  were  hive  and  sheet  queen  runs,  away  from  you,  place  the 
oaded  up  and  a  repetition  of  the  pre-  loop  of  grass  down  over  her  and 
/ious  work  performed.  The  bees  corral  her.  Usually,  she  will 
inally  went  into  the  new  home  and  "ot  hesitate  tn  cross  it  at  any 
hough  no  queen  was  visible  it  was  point,  and  if  you  are  quick  about  it. 
hought  that  she  was  probably  safe,  you  can  lift  her  off  the  comb  as  easily 
frames  with  some  old  honey  were  put  ^^  eating  pie  and  not  hurt  her  one  bit. 
nto  the  hive  and  the  bees  soon  amus-  When  you  have  done  this  and  she  is 
:d  themselves  by  building  a  quantity  hanging  onto  the  loop,  receive  her 
)f  comb  in  the  upper  part  of  the  hive.  ^"^  ith  your  left  hand,  allowing  her  to 
But  it  was  too  late  to  store  anything  run  up  the  index  finger.  Here  is 
or  winter,  and  evidently  they  were  a  where  you  ma}'  need  a  little  practice, 
iisorganized  household.  As  a  result,  but  the  plan  is  a  good  one  and  I  know 
nly  ruin  came.  With  the  time  spent  yo"  will  like  it  when  you  have  learn- 
Ar.  Y.  could  have  purcliased  a  good  <?d  the  trick.  As  the  queen  crawls  up 
warm  of  bees,  to  say  nothing  of  the  the  finger,  gently  slide  the  thumb  up 
ard  work  entailed.  Hunting  bee  after  her  and  seize  her  by  two  of  her 
rees,  like  "cooning,"  may  pay  in  fun,  legs.  In  this  way  she  cannot  get  into 
n  rare  occasions,  but  as  a  matter  of  a  position  to  hurt  herself,  or  to  inter- 
usiness,   it   most   certainly   does   not.    fere  with  the  clipping  of  the  wing.     I 

Connautville.  Pa.  assure  you  the  method  is  a  good  one 

when  you  have  learned  how  to  use  it. 

A   TRIO    OF   TOPICS.  T  like  it  so  well  that  I  now  really  en- 

joy  the  work  of  catching  a  queen  and 

clipping  her   wing. 


iv  W.  VV.  McNeal. 


Kemoving    Propolis    from    the    Hands. 

^  ID  YOU  EVER  have  trouble  get- 
^  ting  propolis  otf  your  hands? 
Bad  job  unless  you  know  how, 
nt  it?  Well  life  is  too  short  to  try  to 
a-h  it  off  with  soap  and  cold  water. 
lu-  kind  we  have  here  is  the  genuine 
nd  no  mistake  about  it.  Dipping  the 
liters  in  hot  water  and  immediately 
ipiiig  them  with  a  dry  cloth  is  one 
Liy  efficient  way  of  removing  it;  but 
like  Fairbank's  gold  dust  washing 
iwder  just  as  well,  for  with  this  one 
in  use  cold  water  which  is  often 
aiidier.  After  wetting  the  hands  take 
H.ut  a  half  teaspoonful  of  the  dry 
nwder  in  them  and  rub  it  into  a  good 
tlier;    then    rinse    well    and    dry    the 

Hand.v     Wa.y     to     Hold     a     Queen     While 
Clipping:. 

^'ou  who  have  tried  clipping  the 
m<;s  of  queen  bees  know  what  an  ex- 
.perating  way  they  have  of  twisting 


Bottling    Extracted    Honey. 

Generally  speaking,  honey  is  not  fit 
to  be  bottled  for  table  use  till  the  bees 
have  capped  it  over  in  the  combs. 
Prior  to  that,  it  is  too  much  on  the 
order  of  commercial  syrups.  When 
honey  is  left  on  the  hive  during  the 
long,  hot  days  of  summer,  it  becomes 
so  much  improved  in  flavor  and  rich- 
ness, as  to  be  hardly  recognizable  with 
the  same  kind  taken  earlier  in  the  sea- 
son. Honey  should  always  have  the 
expression  of  bees  and  this  character- 
istic mark  of  quality  cannot  be  impart- 
ed to  it  in  the  brief  time  that  modern 
methods  allow  for  the  ripening  pro- 
cess. However,  an  upright  taak, 
similar  to  a  two-frame  honey  extrac- 
tor, will  aid  quite  materially  in  separat- 
ing the  ripe,  thick  honoy  from  the 
thin  and  unripe  when  the  crop  has 
been  harvested  a  little  premature. 
The  gearing  should  be  removed  and 
the  can  then  set  on  a  bench  of  some 
kind  to  raise  it  a  foot  or  so  ofY  the 
floor.        .\   good   piece   of  muslin   tied 


178 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


I 

Septembe: 


firmly  over  the  top  makes  one  of  the 
very  best  kind  of  strainers  and  as  a 
great  quantity  of  honey  can  be  poured 
in  at  the  same  time,  this  feature  will 
be  appreciated  when  straining  honey 
of  proper  consistency. 

I  prefer  to  draw  the  honej^  cold 
from  the  tank  into  the  bottles,  placing 
them  in  a  vessel  of  hot  water  about 
three  dozen  at  a  time.  I  set  the  pan 
on  an  ordinary  gasoline  stove  and  put 
in  water  enough  to  bring  it  well  up 
around  the  neck  of  the  bottles  when 
the  full  number  are  in  place.  I  do  not 
put  anything  in  the  pan  for  the  bot- 
tles to  set  on — just  set  them  right 
down  in  the  water  with  nothing  be- 
tween them  and  the  blue  flame  be- 
neath, but  the  bottom  of  the  pan  and 
what  little  water  that  works  itself 
under  the  bottom  of  the  jar.  I  do  not 
remember  of  having  broken  but  one 
jar  in  this  way,  and  I  consider  it  whol- 
ly unnecessary  to  provide  a  false  bot- 
tom for  the  jars  to  set  on.  I  leave 
them  in  the  slightly  boiling  water 
about  twenty-five  or  thirty  minutes, 
when  they  are  removed  to  a  nearby 
table  and  another  lot  of  jars  takes 
their  place.  I  seal  the  jars  as  quickly 
as  possible,  set  them  aside  tem- 
poraril}'  and  then  draw  off  another 
batch  of  honey  from  Uie  tank.  I  do 
not  label  any  till  the  honey  has  cool- 
ed, for  the  labels  stick  better  when 
put  on  cold  jars.  In  this  way  one  can 
work  quite  rapidly  and  avoid  the  dan- 
ger of  impairing  the  color  of  honey  b}^ 
unduly   heating   it. 

Wheelersburg,  Ohio,  August  7,  1905. 


A  CONVENIENT  COLONY 
RECORD 


m 


the  front  means  "moth,"  ''weak 
"watch  closely,"  etc.  If  placed  nea| 
middle  of  right  side,  it  signifie 
"small  colony,"  "progressing,"  an 
near  back  of  right  side,  means  "larg 
colony,"  "liable  to  swarm,"  "needin 
room,"  etc.  The  middle  is  for  quee 
record,  so  rock  near  front  tells  me  "N 
queen;"  on  middle  signifies  th; 
queen  cell  is  capped  and  if  near  bac 
sh(iws  me  that  hive  has  a  j'ouii 
queen,  not  clipped. 

Left  third  of  hive  refers  to  ti 
honey:  as,  near  front  nieans  colon 
has  no  honey  and  I  must  supply  thei 
with  a  frame  or  two  soon,  or  fee 
them;  but  if  on  middle,  its  a  bett< 
sign,  for  that  says,  "they  have  pleni 
for  brood  raising  and  present  wants 
but  if  rock  "is  near  back  of  left  side, 
know  the  extractor  is  the  best  remec 
for  its  crowded  condition.  Nothir 
on  hive  simply  means  "OK.'^ 

I  go  through  the  whole  yard  two  t 
three  times  a  year  and  then  put  the; 
signs  on,  and  as  the  evils  or  bad  co: 
ditions  are  cured  by  future  oper 
tions,  the  marks  are  thrown  off,  ; 
that  most  of  the  time  Iiives  are  i 
clear.  I  have  had  from  seventy-five 
one  hundred  colonies  for  the  la 
three  years,  yet  have  had  but  s 
swanns     in     that     time.  Dividin 

doubling  clipped  queens  and  sectic 
honey  is  my  way.  Have  created 
home  demand  for  all  the  honey  I  c; 
get  here. 

Key  West,  Florida,  July  17,  1905. 

sus- 


WAX   ADULTERATION 
PECTED. 


By  F.  W.  Hunt. 

EDITOR  AMERICAN  BEE- 
KEEPER: Having  used  a  way 
of  hive  marking  for  several  years,  that 
I  never  saw  in  print,  thought  you 
would  like  to  know  of  it,  to  add  to  your 
list  of  systems.  I  use  the  Danz  hive 
and  covers,  and  as  the  covers  are  in 
three  parts,  it  allow.=  me  to  divide  the 
top,  right  side  for  *-he  colony,  center 
for  the  queen,  and  left  side  for  honey 
conditions,  so  this  gives  me  three  sig- 
nals for  each. 

Take  the  right  side:  a  stone,  shell, 
block  or  any  handy  thing  placed  near 


I 


By  J.  E.  Johnson. 
WAS  ASTONISHED  to  see  c 
page  157  of  last  American  Be 
Keeper  a  very  strange  stateme: 
by  Mr.  F.  Greiner,  viz.:  "Comb  hone 
with  artificial  foundation  as  a  bai 
should  be  branded  as  a  fraud,  unle; 
the  box  be  branded  as  comb  built 
foundation." 

My,  My!  and  here  I  have  been,  f( 
about  twenty-two  years,  getting  a< 
vice  through  the  bee  journals  that 
should  use  full  sheets  in  section 
This  has  been  advocated  by  nearly  a 
our  good  knights  of  the  smoker  an 
bee  veil;  and  our  good  old  frien 
Doctor  Miller,  in  whom  there  is 
guile,  very  strongly  recommends  bot 


905- 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


179 


op  and  bottom  starters,  and  I  have 
lad  a  kind  of  "sneaking  feeling"  that  I 
S^as  a  little  on  the  back  number  order 
lecause  I  use  only  starters  or  half 
heets.  But  if  it  is  wrong  to  use  lull 
heets  because  of  fraud,  then  if  one 
ised  only  a  little  starter  that  would 
Iso  be  wrong,  though  using  full 
heets  as  per  Doctor  Miller's  plan 
vould  be  deserving  of  capital  punish- 
aent,  while  using  starters,  say  one 
rich  square,  would  entitle  one  to 
bout  thirty  days  in  jail. 


of  the  largest  firms  that  make  and 
handle  bee  supplies.  It  was  almost 
white  and  even  in  the  hottest  weather 
it  did  not  get  soft.  I  am  told  that  it 
has  been  bleached,  and  that  when 
thus  treated,  it  becomes  whiter  and 
harder,  but  I  surely  don't  understand 
why  bleaching  should  render  it  so  that 
it  requires  more  heat  to  melt  it.  I 
think  it  contains  a  pretty  large  per 
cent  of  paraffine.  but  I  may  be  wrong. 
If  not,  then  why  do  not  all  makers 
bleach  their  foundation?       I  find  that 


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i^u^tu  tt\\ 

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^vobV»^vvu^ 

IS 

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A    CONVENIENT    COLONY    RECORD. 


No,  Friend  Greiuer,  I  surely  don't 
gree  with  you,  because  wax  founda- 
ion  is  not  really  an  artificial  produc- 
ion,  but  the  pure  bees'  wax  is  merely 
abulded  into  convenient  form.  What 
ind  of  comb  honey  would  we  have 
without  foundation? 

I  think  starters  are  all  right  and  full 
heets  better,  because  you  get  your 
ections  to  weigh  just  about  a  pound 
nd  more  uniform.  But  let  me  tell 
■ou  where  the  harm  is: 

Two  years  ago  I  got  ten  pounds  of 
ice,  thin  super  foundation  from  one 


the  bees  do  not  accept  this  white  foun- 
dation as  readily  as  that  which  has  a 
yellowish  color.  Since  that  time  I 
have  been  using  it. 

We  are  told  that  all  foundation  made 
in  the  United  States  is  unadulterated 
and  that  no  paraffine  is  used  in  foun- 
dation. Now,  my  fellow  bee-keepers, 
why  did  Professor  Wiley,  who  is 
chief  in  chemistry  at  Washington, 
give  to  the  Rural  New  Yorker  an 
article  for  publication  last  winter  in 
which  he  stated  that  paraffine  was 
used  in  making  comb  base? 


i8o 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEE'PER. 


September, 


Do  you  think  he  would  make  such  a 
satement  unless  he  had  analj-zed 
foundation  and  found  such  to  be  the 
case?  If  this  was  not  a  fact  then 
\vh}'  did  not  the  prominent  manufac- 
turers make  him  take  it  back?  No. 
the}'  remained  as  silent  as  could  be 
notwithstanding  that  Air.  Abbott  chal- 
lenged them  to  prove  the  accusation 
false.  I  ask  j^ou  also,  Why  did  Prof- 
fessor  AUyn  give  out  that  he  had 
anal3'zed  comb  honey  as  found  upon 
the  market  and  found  it  to  contain 
paraffine  wax?  These  statements  be- 
ing made  by  men  high  rn  authority  are 
published  throughout  the  land  ana 
are  taken  up  and  republished,  not  only 
in  other  papers,  but  in  encyclopedias, 
and  when  we  write  articles  in  the 
papers  denying  these  assertions,  the 
editors  and  reporters  think, we  are  ly- 
ing because  when  a  professor  says  a 
thing  is  thus  and  thus  it  can't  be  any 
"thuser,"  and  they  find  by  turning  to 
their  cyclopedias  that  professor  so 
and  so  is  right.  Now,  fellow  bee-keep- 
ers, are  these  men  of  high  standing- 
wrong,  and  are  they  doing  us  this 
great  injury  because  they  are  a  set  ot 
ignoramuses,  or  are  they  right  and 
are  we  being  wronged  because  the 
manufacturer  has  become  so  eager 
for  profits  that  he  is  not  content  with 
paying  twenty-eight  to  thirty  cents  for 
wax  and  selling  foundation  for  sixty- 
five  cents  per  pound,  we  paying 
freight  both  ways,  but  must  mix  it 
with  parafifine  and  thus  do  us  this 
great  injury?  Comb  honey  built  on 
full  sheets  of  pure  beeswax  founda- 
tion is  not  one  bit  adulterated,  but  if 
paraffine  is  used  in  foundation,  then  it 
becomes  an  adulterated  product  and 
the  law  should  interfere.  If  the  state- 
ments made  by  these  professors  are 
false,  what  do  you  think  of  the  idea 
that  men  who  are  chosen  to  high 
postions  and  draw  a  fine  salary  from 
the  people  and  are  supposed  to  be 
there  working  for  our  interests  and 
then  give  out  statements  which  do  us 
more  wrong  than  anything  else  caii 
do;  but  not  only  so,  but  those  state- 
ments go  on  record  to  be  a  continual 
injury  for  years  to  come?  I  am  satis- 
fied that  this  has  done  the  honey 
market  more  injury  than  all  else  com- 
bined. Is  it  not  time  we  seek  to  find 
who  are  the  guilty  ones,  the  manufac- 
turers of  comb  foundation,  or  the  men 


who  are  paid  by  us  and  working  for 
us  at  these  agricultural  colleges?    Let 
us  hear  from  others  on  this  matter. 
Williamsfield,  111.,  Aug.  6,  1905. 


POLITICS  IN  THE  APIARY. 


By  Henrv  E.  Horn. 

GOV.  FOLK  of  Missouri,  has  veto- 
ed the  foulbrood  bill  passed  by 
the  Legislature  of  his  state  be- 
cause of  the  unreasonable  power  with 
which  it  invested  the  foulbrood  in- 
spector. Gov.  Folk  deserves  the 
thaiiks  of  the  bee-keepers  of  Missouri 
for  his  conscientious  act,  though  that 
is  about  the  last  thing  he  is  getting 
from  some  of  them.  The  bill  appears 
to  have  been  partially  cqpied  after  the 
California  law.  and  as  the  actual  work- 
ing-out of  the  latter  is  by  some  of  our 
bee-men  feared  more  than  foulbrood 
itself,  the  wisdom  of  Folk's  veto  may 
becoiTie  manifest. 

According  to  the  provisions  of 
choosing  inspectors  "made  and  pro- 
vided" by  our  law  the  board  of  super- 
visors of  a  given  county  are  authoriz- 
ed to  appoint  either  by  petition  or 
free  choice  any  one  they  may  deem 
fit  to  the  office  of  inspector.  There 
is  no  test  necessary  to  prove  fitness, 
no  examination  to  show  coiiipeteiicy. 
The  office  carries  a  good  salary,  as  do 
also  the  jobs  of  sub-inspectors,  or 
deputies  if  each  are  appointed,  as  is 
usually  the  custom 

After  being  thus  legally  appointed 
the  inspector,  or  his  deputy,  has  the 
power  to  eiiter  any  apiary  and  to  make 
a  lengthy  examination  of  every  coloiiy 
of  bees  present,  serving  no  iiotice  of 
the  iinpending  invasioii  oii  the  owner, 
nor  leaviiig  no  report,  nor  word  of  aiiy 
kind  behiiid  him  after  departure.  To 
him,  the  owner  siinply  docs  not  count. 
It  would  be  strange  iiideed  if  under 
such  conditions — keeping  in  mind  the 
well  nigh  terrific  pressure  of  universal 
coiiipetitioii  for  jobs  on  the  one  hand, 
and  on  the  other  the  political  debts 
elected  county  officers  usually  owe  to 
petty  politicians,  and  which  are  regu- 
larly paid  of¥  with  public  jobs  and 
snaps — results  fearful  rather  than 
beneficial  did  not  follow  iii  the  wake 
of  the  march  of  the  law  through  the 
apiary. 

There  are  apiaries  after  apiaries  that 
have   beeii    thus    inspected    and    re-in- 


1905- 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


spccted  without  the  owner  ever  know- 
ing a  thing  about  it  except — for  the 
damage  done.  As  every  competent 
'beenian  knows  there  are  times,  dry 
seasons,  sudden  cessation  of  nectar 
flow,  requiring  operations,  when  to 
open  a  hive  means  damage.  But  our 
inspectors  pay  no  attention  to  any 
such  little  things  as  that.  Mr.  Brown, 
of  West  Riverside  told  me  one  day 
last  summer  that  he  had  three  colonies 
robbed  out  just  after  the  inspector 
had  been  at  them.  I  myself  lost  tw'o 
and  if  I  had  not  happened  along  just 
in  time — the  bees  crazy  and  hunting 
for  a  half  a  mile  around  for  something 
to  sting — I  probably  would  have  lost 
twenty.  But  the  inspector  had  made 
his  point,  i.  e.  "put  in"  two  or  three 
days  of  his  otherwise  probabh-  idle 
time,  and  gained  a  claim  against  the 
ciiunty — what  doe.-  he  care  whether 
the  simpleton  of  a  bee-keeper  likes 
this    vandalism   or   not? 

But  here  is  a  worse  feature.  As 
Preuss  discovered  and  Cheshire  prov- 
ed, foulbrood  is  caused  by  an  almost 
infinitely  small  vegetable,  or  plam.. 
which,  while  in  tb*^  seed,  or  spore 
state  floats  about  in  the  air,  readily 
attaching  itself  to  anything  with 
which  it  may  happen  to  come  in  con- 
tact. Hence  the  opening  of  a  hive 
of  diseased  bees,  taking  out  the 
frames,  setting  the  hive  atmosphere  in 
rapid  motion  through  the  instrumen- 
tality of  a  vigorously  applied  smoker, 
cannot  but  cause  the  neighborhood  of 
that  hive  instantaneously  to  become 
thickly  spore-infected  in  an  ever 
widening  circle.  There  is  a  chance 
that  no  harm  may  come  from  that  to 
the  rest  of  the  hives  but  it's  more  like- 
ly that  every  one  around  will  become 
spore  invaded. 

Should,  however-  -^11  danger  from 
that  source  pass  happily  by  the  fur- 
ther activity  of  the  inspector  is  well 
calculated  to  give  one  the  cold  shivers. 
For,  having  shut  up  the  first  hive  he 
goes,  spore  infested  millionfold  in 
clothes,  skin,  hair,  breath,  smokei, 
tools,  to  the  second  hive  and  indus- 
triously, though  ignorantly  sows  and 
smears  and  glues  bacillus  alvei  all 
through  that,  and  then  the  next  one. 
and  so  forth.  And  tomorrow  he  goe:, 
into  a  clean  apiary,  mayhaps,  but  if  it 
remains    clean    thereafter    the    credit 


will  have  to  be  given  to  the  bees,  or 
their  keeper — certainly  not  to  the  in- 
spector for  disinfect  he  his  clothes, 
and  person  ever  so  thoroughly, 
bacillus  alvei  can  stand  several  hours 
boiling  in  water,  and  our  inspector 
cannot.  Besides,  how  many  are  tak- 
ing the  pains,  or  are  competent,  to  dis- 
infect themselves  properly. 

Of  course,  though  our  foulbrood 
law  would  thus  seem  to  bring  about 
conditions  diametrically  opposite  to 
those  expected  it  may  therefore  not 
be  without  some  virtue.  The  now  for 
years  rigorously  conducted  campaign 
of  bee  papers  and  supply  houses  to 
start  everybody  beekeeping,  and  to 
make  everybody  now  keeping  bees  to 
"keep  more  bees"  having  logically 
brought  on  "the  crisis"  of  a  dull 
market  for  honey  and  low  prices,  the 
energetic  sewing  of  foulbrood  seed  on 
the  part  of  inspectors,  and  the  con- 
sequent destruction  of  the  thus  infest- 
ed colonies  may  reduce  the  number 
of  them  again  to  a  normal  level,  and 
thus,  also  the  supply  of  honey. — Orch- 
ard and  Farm. 


STARTLING,  IF  TRUE. 

"It  is  a  fact  that  ceresin  foundation 
is  sold  in  Europe,"  sayt;  the  Editor  of 
Gleanings.  "The  reason  why  paraf- 
fin and  ceresin  foundation  can  be  sold 
across  the  water  and  not  in  America 
is  due  to  the  difference  in  climate." 
Hold  hard,  Mr.  Root!  You  have  been 
over-hasty  in  trusting  to  Mr.  Hasty, 
who  is  here  not  a  "reliable"  guide. 
Your  deduction  is  wrong,  because 
your  "foundation"  is  wrong.  Like 
the'  ceresin  foundation  in  any  hive, 
it  falls,  owing  to  its  not  being  genuine. 
Here  in  Great  Britain  our  manufac- 
turers are  above  suspicion,  and  would 
not  adulterate,  I  believe,  for  all  the 
trifling  gain.  But  there  would  be  no 
gain,  only  loss,  because  with  the 
splendid  foundation  w^e  can  get,  bee- 
keepers would  never  give  a  repeat  or- 
der to  any  house  selling  such  vile  stuff. 
I  have  said  adulterated  foundation 
would  break  down  in  any  hive,  and  I 
might  add  in  any  clime.  The  tem- 
perature of  the  hive  interior  is  such 
during  our  warm  summers  that  noth- 
ing but  the  genuine  article  will  bear 
the  strain  imposed  on  it. — British  Bee- 
Keeper's   Record. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


September, 


CALIFORNIA  HONEY  PRODUC- 
ERS. 

The  California  National  Honey 
Producers'  Association,  has  sent  out 
a  circular  to  its  members  containing 
some  matters  of  interest  to  the  honey 
producers  of  California.  The  associa- 
tion represents  about  25.000  colonies 
of  bees  or  about  one-fourth  of  the  bees 
in  the  seven  southern  counties  of  the 
state.  Southern  California  is  report- 
ed as  having  about  one-third  of  a  crop. 
Avith  prospects  for  a  fair  crop  in  the 
central  part  of  the  state.  Colorado 
will  have  about  60  per  cent  of  a  crop 
while  Arizona  will  have  the  lightest  in 
years. 

The  association  has  not  fixed  an  ar- 
bitrary price  on  honey,  but  its  mem- 
bers are  advised  to  hold  their  crop 
for  the  following  prices:  White  5 
cents,  light  amber  4  3-4  cents,  amber  4 
cents.  Arrangements  can  be  made  for 
storage  in  Los  Angeles  for  $2  per  ton 
per  year  for  extracted  with  50  per  cent 
additional  for  comb  honey,  and  there 
insured  for  $100  per  ton  at  a  yearly 
rate  of  50  cents.  The  estimated  crop 
for  southern  Caliiornia  based  upon 
the  reports  received  and  the  number 
of  cases  and  cans  sold  is  placed  at 
125  cars  of  20  tons  each. — Orchard 
and  Farm. 


PROFITABLE    SEASON    IN 
IRELAND. 

After  three  successive  years  of  mis- 
fortune, it  is  most  gratifying  to  re- 
ceive reports  of  success  from  every 
part  of  the  country,  and  also  from 
England  and  Scotland.  During  .the 
time  of  adversity  many  were  asked: 
"Is  there  money  in  bees?"  and  many 
replied  by  giving  up  the  industry  al- 
together. Faint-hearted  and  im- 
patient, they  had  not  the  pluck  which 
perseveres  aud  welcomes  difficulties 
for  the  joy  of  overcoming  them.  The 
hopeful  and  determined  kept  on  dog- 
gedly, waiting  for  a  favorable  season, 
and  confident  that  there  is  "money  in 
bees"  when  skies  are  blue,  and  fields 
are  bathed  in  sunshine. 

June  and  July  brought  us  the  weath- 
er required  for  the  secretion  of  nectar, 
and  for  its  gathering  by  the  eager  lit- 
tle workers  and  now  the  delighted 
owners  are  complaining  that  the 
books,  in  suggesting  a  possible  profit 
jHUUOu      B      ui      >(DOis      jad      z-^      jo 


season,  have  misrepresented  the  case. 
We  hear  of  i68tt)s  of  section  honey 
per  stock  from  counties  wide  apart, 
while  some  experienced  bee-keepers 
are  counting  upon  20olbs.  of  surplus 
honey  per  stock.  With  2ootbs.  the 
net  profit  should  be  well  over  £3,  or 
from  100  per  cent,  to  150  per  cent, 
upon  the  capital  involved,  and  we 
shall  have  to  reckon  1905  as  above  the 
normal — a  season  to  be  remembered 
for  the  splendid  work  accomplished 
by  the  bees. 

It  is  worth  noting  that,  judging 
from  the  reports  to  hand,  the  best  re- 
sults have  been  obtained  by  Italians, 
and,  of  course,  by  stocks  which  had 
young  queens.  Swarming  has  been 
very  general,  in  spite  of  all  precau- 
tions, but  where  the  swarms  were 
rightly  managed,  the  owners  have 
both  increased  their  stocks  and  secur- 
ed a  good  return  of  honey. 

Marketing  will  now  demand  careful 
attention.  It  may  be  assumed  that, 
with  honey  so '  plentiful,  prices  will 
drop,  and  only  the  article  that  is  ex- 
cellent, and  that  is  properly  prepared 
for  the  buyer,  will  sell  to  the  best  ad- 
vantage.— Irisli   Bee  Journal. 


A  Mr.  Thomas  I.  Weston,  of  Hoak 
Hampshire,  Engand,  under  date  April 
i8th,  1905.  in  the  American  Bee- 
Keeper,  makes  a  violent  attack  upor 
the  Irish  Bee-keepers'  Association 
which  he  describes  as  "split  up  by  in- 
ternal quarrels."  One  wonders  whal 
has  the  I.B.K.A.  done  to  Mr.  Thomas 
I.  Weston  of  Hook,  Hampshire,  Eng- 
land, that  he  should  go  so  far  afield  to 
malign  the  Irish  Association.  There 
is  no  justification  whatever  for  the  as- 
serticai  that  the  I.B.K.A.  is  split  up  by 
internal  quarrels,  nor,  in  fact,  that  it 
has  any  quarrels  at  all,  internal  ot 
otherwise,  and  when  we  have  said  this 
we  have  taken  more  than  sufficient 
notice  of  Mr.  Thomas  I.  Weston  and 
his  misrepresentations. — Irish  Bee 
Journal. 


Why  should  we  faint  and  fear  to  live 
alone. 
Since  all  alone,  so  Heaven  has  will- 
ed, we  die. 
Nor    even    the    tenderest    heart,    and 
next  our  own. 
Knows    half    the    reasons    why    we 
smile  and  sigh.  fj.  Keble. 


4M»»»»»»»»»»»»»»MMM  »♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦  ♦♦♦♦♦t»» 


THE 


Bee -Keeping  World 


staff  Contributors  :    F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ. 
Contributions  to  ttiis  Department  are  solicited  from  all  quarters  of  the  earth. 


^♦♦♦♦♦♦♦MMMMM»»  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦MMMMM 


GERMANY. 

GENERAL,  ADVICE. 
The  prospects  for  honey  are  very  dis- 
couraging, says  Guenther  in  111.  Bztg..  and 
continues:  In  localities  with  no  fall  honey 
reason,  July  is  the  closing  month  and  to 
Increase  during  this  month  is  not  to  he 
lecommended.  Tt  is  best  to  ar'opt  some 
mea.=ure  to  keep  the  bees  from  breeding;' 
as  Lrood-rearing  costs  lots  of  honey  and 
the  bees  reared  are  of  no  value.  In  the 
heath  and  in  buckwheat  localities  breeding 
is   to    be    encouraged. 

July  is  the  time  to  renew  qvieens  Do 
not  wait  till  August,  as  the  young  queens 
will  not  get  to  laying  early  enough  to  rear 
enough  young  bees  for  the  winter.  Late 
reared  queens   do  not  mate  readily. 

E\-ery  bee-keeper  should  keep  sonie  queens 
on  hand  for  an  emergency.  The  forming 
of  nuclei  is  an  easy  matter.  Two  brood- 
combs  with  bees  and  a  queen -cell  from  a 
colony,  that  has  been,  queenless  for  ten 
days  makes  a  satisfactory  nucleus.  Add  to 
it  a  honey  and  pollen  comb  and  an  empty 
one.  Such  a  nucleus,  when  queen  has  be- 
gun to  lay,  may  be  united  with  the  colony 
having  an  old  queen,  after  removing  the 
latter. 

Keep  close  watch  of  such  colonies  as 
have  swarmed.  See  to  it  that  their  queens 
have   not   been   lost. 

Drone-breeders  are  to  be  treated  as  fol- 
lows: Brush  the  bees  on  the  ground  a  lit- 
tle ways  from  their  hive  and  transfer  a 
nucleus  colony  with  queen  to  the  same,  close 
entrance  for  a  half  hour  to  give  nucleus 
colony  time  to  become  settled.  Then  open 
entrance  again.  The  brushed  bees  will 
quietly  and  gradually  join  the  nucleus  and 
all    will    be    well. 

The  safest  way  to  handle  foul-broody 
colonies  is  to  destroy  them.  Disinfect  tools, 
hands   and    clothing. 

A  sad  story  about  foul -brood  told  by 
Anmann      In      Illustr.      Bztg. :  Bee-keeper 

Ulrich,  of  Schweinitz,  was  called  on  to  hive 
a  .swarm  of  bees  for  a  neighbor.  He  did 
so    and    also    looked    up    the    hive    the    swarm 


had  come  from.  He  found  the  hive  to  be 
very  badly  affected  with  foul-brood,  and  the 
swarm  a  deserter.  The  hive  was  destroyed 
by  fire,  the  bees  hived  into  a  clean  hive. 
They  developed  foul-brood  later  and  again 
left  the  hive  entering  in  part  three  hives  of 
Anmann.  In  consequence,  foul-brood  de- 
veloped in  Anmann's  yard.  Half  of  his 
30  colonies  died  with  it  that  year  and  the 
rest,    the    next    year. 


The  Columbus  comb  foundation  made  of 
iron,  coated  with  wax,  is  again  talked 
about  in  German  journals.  It  is  recommend- 
ed both  for  brood-chambers  and  for  ex- 
tracting combs.  Otto  Schulz  is  the  manu- 
facturer. 


Swarms  are  more  apt  to  abscond  when 
hived  on  sets  of  combs  than  when  an  empty 
hive  is  given,  says  Editor  Freudenstein.  in 
Neue   Bztg. 


Ludwig  says  in  Deutsche  Bzclit. :  "In 
dealing  with  a  friend  always  have  a  cash 
deal,  otherwise  you  may  lose  your  money,  or 
the    friend,     possibly    both." 


The  same  writer  considers  it  a  good  prac- 
tice for  such  bee-keepers  as  have  only  an 
early  honey-flow  to  purchase  heath  bees  in 
the  fall.  With  them  strengthen  each  colony 
to  the  amount  of  one  pound.  These  bees, 
he  says,  are  reared  during  the  late  honey- 
flow  and  are  vigorous.  They  give  a  colony 
an  Impetus  which  manifests  Itself  in  great- 
er activity  of  workers  and  queen.  These 
bees  can  usually  be  bought  at  50  cents 
per  pound;  they  would  have  been  brimstoned 
If  not  sold.  Bee-keepers,  who  have  only  an 
early  honey  flow,  sell  bees  at  the  close  of 
their  honey  season  to  the  heath  bee-keepers, 
sonaetimes  at  62  Vs  cents  per  pound,  and 
Ludwig  says,  at  that  price  the  heath  bee- 
keepers do  well  out  of  it.  They  use  these 
bees  for  storing  honey,  and  later  when  their 
season  is  over  they  sell  them  back  again. 


There  is  a  inovement  on  foot  to  unite  the 
different  bee-keepers'  societies  into  one  great 
society. — Bzcht. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


September, 


To  avoid  stings  and  to  keep  the  bees  in 
an  amiable  condition,  Wurth  gives  tlie  fol- 
lowing good  advice  in  Die  Biene:  Never 
stand  in  front  of  a  hive  or  in  the  way  of 
the  flying  bees;  perform  all  operations  quiet- 
ly and  without  haste;  do  not  approach  the 
bees  when  sweaty;  select  a  time  to  work 
with  bees  when  the  weather  is  fair  and  the 
bees  freely  at  work;  use  smoke  moderately, 
but  always  use  it.  Wear  a  light  bee-veil 
but  no  gloves;  have  clean  hands;  brush  no 
bees;  when  stung  brush  away  the  bee  and 
remove  the  sting;  do  not  breathe  on  the  bee; 
especially  vicious  colonies  feed  before  and 
after  any  operation.  When  these  rules  are 
followed  and'  a  colony  can  not  be  controlled 
easily  supplant  the  queen  with  a  better 
one." 


syrup  fed  to  a  colony  of  young  bees  that 
did  not  fly  for  eight  days,  was  found  to  con- 
tain, when  capped,  as  much  formic  acid  as 
sealed  hone.v. 


Dickel  is  opposed  to  any  foul- brood  law. 
He  claims  that  it  is  impossible  to  enforce 
any  such  law. 


LARGE    AND    SMALL    HIVES. 

J.  B.  Chardin,  in  experimenting  with  dif 
ferent  sizes  of  hives,  says  that  small  hives 
are  usidesirable  on  account  of  excessive 
swarming  and  subsequent  starvation,  very 
large  ones,  objectionable  from  the  large 
amount  of  brood  reared,  which  consumes 
the  little  amount  gathered.  Medium  brood 
nests  with  sufficient  surplus  room  gave  the 
best  results.  The  year  in  which  these  ex- 
periments were  made  was  a  very  poor  one 
in  his  locality.  In  a  good  season,  larger 
hives    would    likely    have    been    the    best. 

(It  may  be  observed  that  the  European 
apiarists  use  larger  brood  nests  than  we 
do.  We  would  probably  call  a  large  hive 
what   they  consider  only  medium.) 


To  keep  down  grass  in  bee  yards  and 
walks,  Centralblatt  says  that  the  residue 
of  calcium  carbide  will  do  it.  Where  acety- 
lene gas  is  made,  this  substance  accumulates 
in  large  quantities  and,  as  it  has  no  value, 
may   be   easily   obtained. 


HONEY    VS.    LUMBER. 
A    correspondent    calculates    that    a    linden 
tree    produces    during   its   lifetime    $7ii    worth 
of   honey   and    $10    worth   of   lumber. 


The  writer  has  sent  honey  to  Germany  a 
few  times  to  private  friends.  Their  verdict 
was  that  the  honey  produced  in  Germany  is 
of  better  flavor  and  aroma  than  the  American 
honey. 

SUMATRA. 

The  hunting  of  bees  or  rather  the  taking 
possession  of  the  combs  of  the  big  bee  is 
a  profession  among  the  natives  of  the  island. 
The  secret  of  how  to  avoid  stings  and 
conquer  the  bees  is  carefuUy  guarded  by 
certain  families  and  communicated  from  fa- 
ther to  son.  It  would  seem  a  most  dangerous 
piece  of  business  to  climb  a  tall  tree  with  a 
smooth,  limbless  body  a  hundred  feet  high. 
But  it  is  accomplished  without  a  ladder,  only 
a  piece  of  rope  reaching  around  the  tree  and 
some  wooden  pegs  are  brought  into  requisi- 
tion.— Leipz.     Bztg. 

FRANCE. 

FORMIC  ACID  IN  HONEY. 
Concerning  the,  theory  advanced  long  ago 
by  Mullendorf  that  the  formic  acid  of  honey 
is  deposited  in  the  cells  by  the  bees  sting- 
ing through  the  cappings,  the  analysis  and 
experiments  of  von  rianta  are  recalled.  The 
amount  of  formic  acid  deposited,  or  rather 
ejected,  when  a  bee  stings  is  about  200 
times  greater  than  what  is  found  In  one  cell 
of  honey.  Sugar  syrup,  suspended  in  a  wire 
cage  placed  in  a  strong  colony  acquired  a 
distinct  taste  of  formic  aeid  but  far  less 
than    the   honey   found   in   the   cells.      Sugar 


BEES  IN  THE  HOME. 
Mb.  A.  Filet  transferred  a  colony  from  a 
house  to  his  apiary.  He  could  not  secure  all 
the  brood  and  bees.  The  space  occupied  by 
the  colony  was  about  six  cubic  feet  between 
the  chimney  and  a  cupboard.  The  space 
was  nearly  full  of  combs,  the  largest  being 
four  feet  and  seven  inches.  They  were 
about  a  foot  wide,  this  being  the  width 
of    the    cavi>ty. — Revue    Internationale. 


NAPHTALINE  AND  FOUL-BROOD. 
Francoi?  Coquet  keeps  naphtaline  con- 
stantly in  his  hives  and  has  so  far  escaped 
foul -brood,  though  it  has  nearly  destroyed 
most  of  the  apiaries  in  his  neighborhood. — 
La    Revue    Internationale. 


FEEDING  OUT  OF  DOORS. 
Mr.  Hantor  Beck  has  practiced  out-of-doors 
feeding  for  several  years  with  success.  He 
simply  uncaps  the  combs  of  honey  to  be 
fed,  puts  them  near  the  hives  and  spreads 
them  over  the  yard  when  they  are  covered 
with  bees.  When  too  many  bees  are  on  one 
comb,  he  shakes  them  off  and  moves  the 
comb  to  some  distance.  He  does  not  begin 
until  one  and  a  half  or  two  hours  before 
sun  down.  When  nearly  dark,  empty  dry 
combs  are  put  dowH  in  the  place  of  the 
honey  combs  not  yet  empty  and  there  stored 
away  till  next  day.  Only  once  robbing  took 
place,  but  was  immediately  stopped  with 
carbolic  acid.  He  thinks  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  thus  fed  does  more  good  than  a 
pound   given   inside,   so   far   as   brood  rearing 


[905.  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  185 

concerned.         Stimulative     feeding     in     tlie  TO    PREVENT    SWARMING, 

pringr     should    not     be  <begrun     before    somw  One    summer,    Mr.    Pincot    happened    to    be 

ollen  or  honey  is   brought   in.  sick    at    the    time    when    he    ought    to    have 

put    the   supers   on    his   colonies,    says    L'Api- 

DYSENTERY.  culteur.        When    he    got    well,    some    of    his 

Mr.    H.     Freudenstein    cures    dysentery    by  colonies  had  swarmed  and  a  number  of  oth- 

iving  the   bees   warm   sugar  syrup.      It   will,  ^rs    had    queen    cells    sealed.        Over   each   of 

e  says,   cure  them  even  without  a  cleansing  t^ese     he    put     a    second    story,     into     which 

ight.     If  the  weather  is  cold,  the  feed  must    werp   mioo^    ti>-„„  e ™  j,  ^        ,    , 

v.eie  raised   three  frames  of  brood   from   be- 

e  quite  close  to  the  cluster,   in  order  to  en-    i„„,    *,,„   ,.„™„;„i„„  „„  .  ^, 

low,   tne  lemaming  space  of  the  upper  story 

ble   the   bees   to    take   it.  vvfi<5     fillfri     with      „™«.  .  ,      ., 

v\as     niiea     with      empty     combs     and      three 

frames   of   foundation    took   the   place   of   the 

YOUNG    VS.    OLD    BEES.  brood    combs    moved    above.        None    of    the 

Mr.    Mulot    contends    that    old    bees   are    as  colonies    thus    treated    swarmed         He    does 

30d    or    even    better    than    young    ones    for  not    say    whether    the    queen    cells    were    de- 

intering    purposes.       He    says    that    the    old  stroyed    or    not 

jes  which  wear  themselves  out  raising  brood  

,te  in  the  fall  could  have  done  as  good  ser-  TESTING    WAX. 

ce  in   the   spring  as   the   young   bees   them-  A   general  method  of  testing  the  purity  of 

lives   and   at   less   expense.       (There   are   old  wax  is  given  by  Mr.  Armand  Gaille,   chemist 

)es  and   old  bees.      W^hat   Mr.    Mulot   has   in  at    Coneise,     Switzerland        Three    trials    are 

ew    is    the    result    of    quite    late    breeding,  to    be   made   in    the   following   order: 

he    majority    of    the    European    bee-keepers  1-        Specific    weight.        A    small    piece    of 

imulate   brood  rearing  in   the   fall   as  much  beeswax   known   as  pure  is  made  into   a  ball 

id  as  late  as  possible  in  order  to  have  strong  and    then    put    in    a    mixture    of   alcohol    and 

■lonies  of  young  bees  in  the  spring.)  water.       About    one-third    alcohol    and    two- 

thirds  water.     Then  water  is  added  carefully 

FEEDING     LARVAE.  until  the  wax  barely  floats  and  when  pushed 

An     item    is    reproduced    from    a    German  down  comes  up  very  slowly.     A  similar  piece 

iper  saying   that  the  larvae  of  the  bee   are  of    the    suspected    wax    is    then    tried    in    the 

ntinually  moving  after  their  food,  complet-  same   way   and   if  pure  should  behave  in   the 

ig    the    circuit    every    two    hours,    approxi-  same  way.     In  making  the  balls,  care  should 

ately.       Every    time    a    turn    is    completed,  be    taken    that    no    air    remains    inside,    and 

ey    receive   a   fresh    supply    of    food.       How  that     when    in     the    mixture,     their    surfaces 

e   observer   found   it    out    not    stated.  should    be   well    wetted.      TJiis   is   not    enough 

for   the   adulterant   might   have   added   some- 

WINTERING.  thing   lighter   and   also   something  heavier   so 

Mr.    Baffert    found    that    bees    winter    just  as    to    bring   the   average   about    right. 

well  if  empty  combs  or  empty  space  is  in  -•        A    small    piece    of    wax    is    placed    in 

e  hive  as  when  the  bees  are  confined  In  a  a   glass   with    some    essence   of   turpentine   of 

laller  space  by  dummies.      (The  winters  of  Arst    quality   and   purity.      The   glass   is   then 

■ance  are  milder  than  ours.) — L'Apiculteur.  heated    on    a    small    alcohol    tamp    until    the 

wax   is   dissolved.      If  the  solution   is   muddy 

SMOKER     WITHOUT     SMOKE.  or  not   complete,   the  wax  is  not  pure,   as  the 

Instead  of  fuel  and  fire,  put  in  the  smoker  turpentine    dissolves    the    wax   completely, 
sponge   wetted   with   an   apifuge    composed        3.      Another  piece   of   the   wax   to   be   tried 

Spanish    fly    pulverized    and    dissolved    in  is    then    placed    in    a    glass    with    some    con- 

rbolic    acid.       The    combination    is    diluted  centrated   pure  alcohol   and   heated   until   the 

th    enough    water   to    make   a   rather   weak  ^'ax    is    dissolved.        The    glass    is    then     set 

ixture. — Le    Progress    Apicole.  aside  to  cool  for  at  least  half  an  hour.     The 

liquid    is    filtered    and    added    to    about    the 

CLEANING     COMBS.  same   volume   of   distilled   or   rain   water.      A 

A  German  paper  is  quoted  as  giving  the  small  piece  of  tournesol  paper  blued  by  a 
Uowing  for  making  bees  clean  the  -x-  little  amnionia  is  then  added.  The  whole 
icted  combs  without  robbing:  Carry  a  is  shaken  together.  After  a  quarter  of  an 
rong  colony  into  an  enclosure  without  hour  the  paper  should  have  remained  blue. 
)sed  windows,  such  as  a  stable.  Put  If  it  becomes  red  the  wax  is  adulterated, 
side  it  an  empty  hive,  with  only  the  en-  If  the  color  has  not  changed,  the  liquid 
mce  open.  The  combs  to  be  cleaned  are  should  be  filtered,  and  after  filtration  the 
iced  in  this  hive,  successively  and  the  liquid  must  be  clear.  The  wax  that  will 
es  of  the  colony  are  shown  the  way  to,  stand  these  three  tests  can  be  considered 
d  do  the  cleaning.  If  necessary  the  as  pure  as  all  the  known  possible  adultera- 
ed  combs  in  the  colony  can  be  exchanged  tions  would  be  revealed  either  by  one  or 
empty    ones,    or    even    foundation.  the  other. — Le  Revue  Internationale. 


i86                             THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  Septembe 

A     POINT     OF     LAW.  point    should    be   noted.      Similar  cases  rr/ig 

On  June  1,   1905,  a  swarm  came  forth  from  arise    here    as    well. 

one    of   Mr.    B.'s    colonies    and    settled   In    the  

enclosed   garden   of  a  neighbor.      Mr.   B.    had  DYSENTERY, 

seen    the    swarm    come    out,    followed    It    and  A     correspondent       who     signs     his       nai 

saw   it   settle   in    Mr.    X.'s   garden.      He   came  "Le   Bourdon,"    in    a   careful    examination 

in    the    house    and   asked    permission    to    take  dysentery  in  bees,  distinguishes  three  classt 

it.      Mr.  X  squarely  refused  the  desired  per-  One   seldoin   very   dangerous   is  characterlz 

mission.      Mr.   B.   instituted  suit.     The  French  by   the   excretion   being   yellow.      This  shou 

Code     on     the     subject     reads     thus:         "The  rather    be    called    diarrhea.       A    much    mc 

owner    of    a    swarm    has    the    right    to    claim  serious   kind    exists   when    the    excretion; 

it   and   take   it   wherever   it   settles,    provided  dark,     rather    thick    and     of    very    repulsi 

he    has   followed    it,    otherwise    it    belongs    to  odor.         That     disease     always     results     in 

the  owner  of  the  land  where  it  settles."     The  considerable    mortality    and     is    undoubtec 

court    decided    that    the    right    to    claim    and  real    dysentery. 

take  the  swarm  carried  with  it   the  right   to  The     third     is     a     constipation,     but     t 

enter   the    property   through   which   it    passes  symptoms    described    are    so    much    like    1: 

and    where    it    settles,    with    of    course,     the  paralysis    that    he    has    probably    taken    t 

liability    to    pay    any    damage   that   might    be  paralysis        for        constipation. — La        Rev 

done  the  property  during  the  operation.  That  Eclectique. 


CALL     FOR     NOMINATIONS.  SCRAPS  OF  HISTORY. 

Platteville,  Wi.=.,  Aug.  22,  1905.  

Nominations   for  candidates   for  of-  Transferring    of     larvae    for     q'lei 

ficers  to  be  elected  rext  November  by  rearing    was    practiced    bj'    Dr.    Da 

the    National     Bee-Keepers'    Associa-  hoff    prior    to    i860.      Huber    was    tl 

tion.      The    following   terms    of   office  the  originator. 

expire  January   i,   1906:     President,  J.  Direct   introduction   of   queens   w 

U.    Harris;   Vice-Prf sident,   C.   P.   Da-  practiced  by  Huber,  and  exploited  1 

dant;    Secretary,    W.    Z.    Hutchmson;  Hubler  in   1866.        Confining  bees  f 

General    .Manager    and    Treasurer,    T\.  ^^^^^   introduction   was   also   demo 

E.France;  Directors,  J.  ALHambaiigh,  ^^^^^^^    ^      ^j^^    1^^^^^    bee-master 

C.  A    Hatch  and  D^.  C.  C    Miller.  ^j^^^  ^^^^^' 

All  members  are  requested  to  send  

me,   by   mail,   by    September   20.    their  _       ,    ^              ~~r. 

nominations   for   above   officers.      The  Look  to  your  hive  covers  novv.  ai 

two   receiving  the   highest  number   of  ^^^e  that  they  are  water  tight.     Bett 

votes  for  each  office  will  be  considcren  S'^e  them  a  fresh  coat  of  paint, 
candidates    to    be    voted    for    at    the 

November  election  of  officers.  Don't!   don't!   don't!!!  put  any  po 

N.  E.  FRANCE.  Gen.  Manager.  '^^^^  o"   ^he   market.     Feed   it  ba, 

'  to   the   bees   now  and   let   them    ne 

,,..,,.         ,,   1  ,    Til      \  spring    turn    it    into    bees    which' w 

Wilhanisheld,  111.,  Aug.  5,  1905.  secure  you  a  crop  of  white  honey. 
Editor  Bee-Keeper: 

There  were  good  indications   for  a  ^^^^    ^             j^    ^^^^    ^1^          p^, 

honey   crop    early   in   the   season,   but  ^^             ^^^^  generally  it  is  of  very  pr 

cool  weather  and  very  coo    nights  pre-  ^o^^^^.^j  fl^^^r  and  hence  not  enjoy( 

vented  the  bees  from  building  comb  ^      ^              ^          -^    f^^.    ^^^^^    ^j, 

Nearly  all  comb  honey  here  will  be  o  ^^^^^  ^^^          ^^^^  Uj^^  i^  ^,.,^  ^„^de 

an  inferior  grade  and  only  about  a  half  ^^^^^  j^   ^^  ^^^^  j^  ^^^  ^^^^5^       ^^e 

crop  at  that,  all  of  which  will  be  sold  ^,^^^  j^  necessary. 

at   home,   1   think.     Smartweed   is   not  

abundant  but  will,  I  think,  insure  win- 

ter  stores;  but  hardly  any  fall  surplus.  Naples,  N.  \ .,  Aug.  i,  1905. 
Second  crop  red  clover  is  blooming  Editor  Bee-Keeper: 
nicely  and  bees  are  at  work  on  it  to  The  honey  harvest  has  been  belo 
the  extent  of  a  good  living.  the  average.  We  have  but  about  : 
J.  E.  Johnson.  pounds  per  colony — one-third  extrac 
ed    and    two-thirds    comb.      Have    ii 

In   too  many   cases   a   sanguine   dis-  creased  enough   to  make  good  wint( 

position    is    merely — a    disposition    to  losses.     We  expect   some  honey  froi 

ignore  probabilities. — Puck.  buckwheat.                             F.  Gremer. 


American  Bee=Keeper 


^RRY  E.  HILL, 
ITHIR  C.   MILLER, 


1905- 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


187 


THE 


PUBLISHED   MONTHLY. 

'HE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MFG.  CO. 

Fro/>7-!\t,»!.: 


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3ME  OFFICE.     -      - 


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Falconer,  N.  Y. 


-     -    -    ■    Editor 
Associate  Editor 


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THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER, 

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Articles  for  publication  or  letters  exclusive- 
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essed    to  H.    E.    HILL, 

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lEDitoriaL 


Try  to  finish  before  the  end  of  this 
lonth  all  work  which  necessitates 
sturbing  brood-nest  or  opening  the 
ves  so  that  the  bees  may  have  a 
lance  to  give  the  final  touch  to  their 
rangements  before  the  cold  stops 
leir  labors. 


The  Bee-Keeper  inaugurated  the 
"actice  of  having  a  selected  poem  in 
ich  issue,  of  scattering  quotations, 
•Qverbs,  etc.,  through  its  pages  and 
giving  the  valuable  bits  of  news  of 
e  bee-keeping  world.  Other  papers 
e  now  following  our  lead.  Thank 
)u  gentlemen  for  the  complitnent. 


We  wish  to  urge  all  bee-keepers 
who  possibly  can  attend  the  next 
meeting  of  the  National  Association 
to  be  held  at  San  Antonio,  Te.xas,  to 
do  so  even  at  some  inconvenience  and 
cost  to  themselves.  Matters  of  great 
importance  are  to  be  considered  so 
be  sure  to  go.  We  shall  have  some- 
thing more  to  say  about  this  next 
month. 


See  to  it  that  your  bees  have  more 
than  what  you  think  are  enough  stores 
to  carry  them  through  the  winter.  A 
good  colony  will  consume  much  more 
food  from  the  time  of  tfie  first  flight 
until  the  spring  honey  flow,  than 
through  the  cold  months.  A  full  lar- 
der means  a  big  colony,  other  things 
being  equal  and  it  means  it  without 
any  fussing  with  feeding  and  its  ac- 
companying danger — danger  to  the 
bees  and  your  reputation. 


In  treating  of  wax-rendering  a 
writer  in  the  Australasian  Bee-Keep- 
er says  that  he  finds  the  instructions 
against  boiling  the  mass  of  combs 
and  water  to  be  useless,  and  that  just 
as  nice  wax  will  be  secured  by  boiling 
as  by  avoiding  it.  His  deductions  are 
right,  but  will  be  misleading  if  the 
quality  of  the  water  used  is  not  con- 
sidered. Water  that  is  considerably 
alkaline  will  seriously  effect  wax  that 
is  boiled  with  it,  but  if  the  water  is 
neutral  or  slightly  acid  no  harm  will 
ensue. 


For  the  benefit  of  veteran  as  well  as 
novice  we  wish  to  call  attention  at  this 
time  to  three  factors  essential  to  the 
successful  wintering  of  bees.  They 
are:  First:  An  abundance  of  young 
bees,  hence  do  not  unite  a  lot  of  old 
bees  from  nuclei  and  expect  to  carry 
the  resulting  colony  through  to  next 
spring.  Second:  A  vigorous  queen, 
for  without  this  the  strongest  colony 
will  dwindle  before  they  can  rear  a 
new  queen.  Third:  An  anundance  of 
sound  stores.  This  does  not  mean  a 
few  combs  of  honey  tucked  in  at  the 
last  minute,  nor  a  lot  or  syrup  fed 
after  all  hopes  of  stores  from  the 
fields  have  gone.  It  means  weTI  ripen- 
ed honey,  placed  by  the  bees  where 
their  instincts  direct  and  hence  avail- 
able as  needed. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Septempei 


REMOVING  PROPOLIS.  the  verge  of  ruin  by  being  placed  i 

The  ado  over  the  removal  of  propolis  such   a   depository  with   the   tempera 

from  hands  or  utensils  suggests  that  ture   considerably  above   the   freezin 

more  or  less  persons  regard  it  as  some  point."    Who  was  right? 
strange  and  peculiar  substance.    Treat        We  have  good  reason  to  believe  tfia 

it  as  anj'  pitch  or  gum  is  treated  and  it  a    high    death    rate,    with    or    withou 

yields  readily.     Rub  on  a  little  grease  dysentery  is  due  to  the  efforts  of  th 

or  oil  and  follow  with  soap  in  warm  bees  to  keep  their  cluster  temperatur 

water.     A  strong  solution  of  an  alkali  normal  by  the  consumption  of  store' 


such  as  washing  soda,  potash  or  am- 
monia will  remove  it  as  will  also  al- 
cohol, naptha,  gasolene  or  kerosene. 
With  one  or  another  of  these  substan- 
ces it  can  be  removed  from  most  any 
article  without  damage  thereto. 


ABOLISH  THE  FEEDING  PRAC- 
TICE. 
In  reviewing  the  report  of  the  last 
meeting  of  the  N.  B.  K.  A.  attention 
was  arrested  by  comments  on  the 
feeding  of  sugar  for  producing  honey. 
Some  earnest  men  in  their  efforts  to 
show  that  the  possibilities  were  over- 
drawn compared  the  prices  of  sugar 
and  of  honey,  saying  that  with  sugar 
at  six  cents  and  honey  at  nve  cents 
obviously  there  could  be  no  profit  to 
induce  the  practice.  In  their  zeal  they 
quite  overlooked  the  fact  that  the 
six  cents'  worth  of  sugar  makes  three 
pounds  of  feeding  syrup  and  two 
pounds  \Vhen  stored  and  thickened. 
Sixty-six  per  cent  gross  profit  is  quite 
a   temptation    to    a    good   many   men, 


deficient  in  heat  producmg  element 
namely,  the  sugars.  When  bees  hav 
the  time  and  the  population  to  propei 
ly  treat  and  thicken  fall  noney  it  i 
quite  as  good  as  any  other  as  a  winte 
food  and  inuch  safer  than  sugar  syru 
fed  late,  as  the  latter  often  crystallize: 


ODOR  THEORY  AGAIN. 
The  editor  of  the  Review  commen- 
ing  on  our  remarks  on  the  odor  facte 
in  queen  introduction  and  in  unitin 
bees,  cites  the  followmg  strong  ev 
dence  of  the  fallacy  of  the  odor  the 
ory:  "In  making  up  colonies  i  usuall 
take  combs,  with  the  adhering  bet 
from  about  three  different  colonic 
put  them  all  together  in  a  n^-w  hi\ 
and  give  them  a  queen.  Such  colonie 
defend  themselves  from  intrudei 
from  the  very  first."  It  would  seem  < 
though  the  different  'scent'  would  I 
so  badly  inixed  up  as  to  be  of  litt 
value.  Further  on  reference  is  mac 
to  the  odor  left  by  a  queen  on  objec 


she  has  been  in  contact  with  as  show 
and  when  a  three-cent-per-pound  stor-  ^y  ^^e  ways  bees  run  over  andexamir 
ed  syrup  can  be  sold  for  fifteen  cei>ts  ^^^.j,  objects.  It  is  probably  from  th 
there  is  temptation  enough  to  warrant 
a  lot  of  strong  preaching  against  the 
feeding  of  any  syrup  for  any  purpose 
except  prevention  of  absolute  starva- 
tion. 


that   the   odor   theorj^   first   arose,  bi 

the    fact    was    overlooked    that    an 

bees  pay   the  same  attention  to  sue 

objects  regardless  of  what  queen  le 

the   odor,   or   whether   the   bees   wei 

'_„     ^,  queenless  or  not.     It  is  difficult  to  ui 

WHO    WAS    RIGHT?  derstand  just  the  nature  of  the  quee 

An    early    writer   said   "If  bees    are    odor  which  thus  attracts  any  workt 

obliged    to    live    entirely    upon    hoiaey    bee,  because  a  fertile  queen  bee  diffei 

after    having    exhausted    their    stock    so  greatly  from  higl'-er  orders  of  an 

of  pollen,  they  are  in  general  attacked    mal   life   with   which   we   are   familia 

with  dysentery,   and   the  best  method     A  virgin  queen  does  not  leave  an  ir 

of  curing  them  is  to  place  .-*ome  combs    citing    odor,    neither    does    a    droni 

in   their   hive,   the   cells   of   which    are     Possibly  a  laying  queen  generates  a 

filled  with  pollen.  odor    peculiar    to    her    condition    an 

A  later  author  said:  "Colonies  which    analogous  to  that  of  higher  animals. £ 

have  no  stores  of  pollen  or  are  only    the  mating  period.     Certainly  a  fertil 

meagerly  supplied   therewith  will   not    queen  which  is  not  develop'Mg  eggs- 


be  injured  but  rather  benefited  by  be- 
ing placed  during  winter  in  a  dark 
depository  vv'ith  a  moderate  tempera- 
ture.     On   the   contrary   colonies   well 


during  periods  of  quiescence— attract 
far  less  attention  from  the  worker 
while  a  virgin  receives  little  if  any  a 
all.     In   studying  the   subject  of  odo 


supplied  with  pollen  wi^l  be  brought  to    it  is  quite  important  that  the  studen 


905- 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


eep  clearly  in  mind  the  distinction 
etween  sex  odor  ana  colony  odor, 
ssuming  that  the  latter  may  differ  in 
ifferent  colonies. 

In  connection  with  this  subject  it 
hould  be  noticed  that  drones  pay  not 
he  slightest  attention  to  a  queen 
ither  virgin  or  fertile  or  in  au}^  way 
idicate  that  they  are  aware  of  their 
resence.  Also  that  a  queen  who  has 
ad  her  wings  slightly  trimmed  rarely 
lates  even  though  able  to  fly  fairly 
rel\.  This  tends  to  cast  doubt  on  Mr. 
!heshire's  deductions  as  to  the  func- 
ons  of  certain  organs  on  the 
ntennae  of  drones  to  which  he  attri- 
uted  the  sense  of  smell,  but  which  are 
lore    probably   auditory   organs. 


WAX  ADULTERATION. 
In  this  issue  of  The  Bee-Keeper 
[r.  J.  E.  Johnson  presents  a  rather 
rious  accusation  against  the  manu- 
cturers  of  comb  foundation,  which 
lough  materially  modified  in  the  in- 
oductory  paragraph,  warms  up  to  an 
>ctent  that  leaves  no  necessity  for 
uessing  as  to  his  premises  in  the 
latter;    nor   does    he   attempt   to   dis- 

e  the  intent  to  convnice  users 
f  foundation  that  manufacturers, 
rompted  by  the  most  vicious  motives, 
re  defrauding  their  patrons,  and 
links  it  is  time  that  an  investigation 

instituted.  In  his  manuscript, 
owever,  Mr.  Johnson  takes  occasion 
)  speak  in  the  most  flattering  terms 
f  the  foundation  turned  out  by  one 
articular  manufacturer.  This  refer- 
nce  has  been  omitted,  as  The  Bee- 
leeper  devotes  no  space  in  its  read- 
ig  columns  to  advertising  any  manu- 
icturer's  line  of  goods,  and  because 
f  its  reflecting  upon  the  integrity  of 
[I  other  manufacturers,  without  an 
torn  of  conclusive  proof  as  a  oasis  lor 
le  insinuation,  whether  just  or  un- 
ist. 

It  is  quite  within  the  scope  of  the 
ational  Bee-Keepers'  Association  to 
roceed  formally  to  investigate  the 
large  of  adulteration,  and  The  Bee- 
eeper  has  no  doubt  that  any  and  all 
■  the  large  manufacturers  will  glad- 
assist  the  movement  in  any  way 
lat  the  Association  may  be  pleased 
)  indicate. 

To  publicly  charge  gross  avarice, 
and  and  robbery  against  the  manu- 
.cturers  of  supplies,  the  editor  of  The 


Bee-Keeper  believes  to  be  quite  un- 
founded and  exceedingly  unjust;  and, 
with  his  present  knowledge  of  the 
affairs  of  some  of  the  largest  manu- 
facturers and  their  moral  standing 
among  men,  he  does  not  hesitate  to 
assert  that  the  whole  offense  is,  in  his 
opinion,  confined  to  the  suspicious 
mind  of  the  accuser. 

It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that 
manufacturers  of  comb  foundation 
have  to  depend  for  their  supply  of 
wax,  upon  bee-keepers,  and  that  the 
source  of  supply  is  as  scattered  and 
diversified  as  are  the  bee-keepers 
themselves,  and  that,  while  exertfng 
everjr  possible  effort  to  exclude  every 
piece  of  wax  which  shows  traces 
of  adulteration,  in  handling  Iiundreds 
of  tons  of  wax,  coming  to  them  in  all 
manner  of  shapes  and  in  tens  of  thous- 
ands of  separate  pieces,  it  is  beyond 
the  pale  of  human  ability  to  know  that 
absolutely  pure  wax  only  has  entered 
into  their  product;  but  that  they  en- 
deavor to  have  it  so,  the  editor  of  The 
Bee-Keeper  has  good  reason  to  be- 
lieve. 

Every  writer,  and  every  public 
speaker,  in  common  with  humanity  in 
general,  has  his  failings  and  shortcom- 
ings. Mr.  Johnson's  dominant  weak- 
ness, judging  from  his  writings,  is  the 
implicit  faith  with  which  he  appears 
to  regard  every  statement  emanating 
from  a  "professor."  The  citation  of 
Chief  Chemist  Wiley  in  such  matters 
is  eminently  calculated  to  excite 
ridicule,  for  this  same  gentleman,  who 
stands  upon  the  very  apex  of 
authority,  and  constitutes  its  founda- 
tion as  well,  is  the  very  same  "profes- 
sor" whose  loose  manner  of  talking 
and  utter  disregard  for  facts  has  led 
him  to  tell  the  world,  in  substance, 
that  the  beautiful  honey  which  Mr. 
Johnson  offers  to  his  patrons  each 
year  is  an  artificial  product,  and  that 
the  combs  were  made  by  machinery.  ' 
filled  with  glucose  and  sealed  with  a 
hot  iron.  Does  Mr.  Johnson  now  ask 
bee-keepers  to  accept  this  "professor" 
as  infallable  authority,  and  because 
this  noted  "professor"  says  that  adul- 
teration of  foumdation  is  practiced  by 
our  manufacturers,  to  have  their  pa- 
trons turn  upon  them  with  accusations 
of  criminal  fraud,  actuated  by  a  desire 
to  deceive  and  rob?  Does  Mr.  John- 
son  think   bee-keepers   will   now   take 


190 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Septemb|£ 


to  their  bosom,  and  clothe  with  divine 
infallibility,  the  individual  whose 
reckless  habit  of  talking,  and  whose 
vile  misrepresentation  of  the  honest 
industry  which  they  cherish,  has  rob- 
bed it  of  its  dignity  and  of  its  profits, 
and  placed  it  before  the  world  in  the 
light  of  a  gigantic  swindle?  If  he 
does,  he  presumes  quite  too  much 
upon  the  stupidity  of  the  fraternity. 

If  any  manufacturer  of  foundation 
is  guilty  of  adulterating  the  beeswax 
used,  which  is  being  sold  as  pure,  let 
some  of  our  associations  thoroughly 
investigate,  locate  the  offenders  and 
expose  them  to  the  world.  The  Ameri- 
can Bee-Keeper  will  earnestly  sanc- 
tion and  assist  such  a  worthy  efifort. 


THE     DISTRIBUTION     OF 
HONEY. 

In  discussing  the  well-worn  topic  of 
"Marketing  Honey,"  there  is  always 
one  point  the  importance  of  which 
is  acknowledged  if  not  emphasized  bj^ 
the  individual  who  seeks  to  enlighten 
his  fellow  craftsmen,  and  that  is.  "dis- 
tribution." By  "distribution"  he  evi- 
dently means  that  after  the  laborious 
and  expensive  work  of  concentration 
has  been  accomplished,  the  honey 
should,  by  like  methods,  be  again  dis- 
tributed throughout  the  land  and 
placed  within  reach  of  the  consumers 
from   whom   it   had  boen   removed. 

It  appears  that  those  who  write 
upon  this  subject,  fail  to  realize  that 
a  very  thorough  distribution  of  the 
nation's  honey  crop  is  effected  each 
year  by  nature  itself,  without  trouble 
or  expense,  and  that,  before  the  work 
of  shipping  is  begun  each  year,  a  more 
thorough  distribution  of  the  crop 
actually  exists  than  any  subsequent 
shipping  will  accomplish.  In  other 
words,  the  movements  of  the  crop, 
through  the  channels  of  commerce, 
is  in  reality  the  work  of  concentra- 
tion, and  not  that  of  distribution. 

The  idea  seems  to  prevail  that  when 
a  crop  of  honey  has  been  harvester 
the  next  step  is  to  move  it  to  Chicago, 
New  York  or  some  other  large  city, 
the  warehouses  of  which  are  probably 
already  overladen  with  this  com- 
modity. When  it  arrives  in  the  great 
city,  the  wholesale  dealer  begins  to 
seek  a  market  therefor  in  the  smaller 
cities  and  towns  throughout  the  coun- 
try, and  quite  likely  the  hnnc}^  may  be 


shipped  to  a  point  very  near  the  fielc 
in  which  it  was  produced. 

We  doubt  not  that  by  seeking  anc 
cultivating  markets  in  the  smallei 
towns,  nearer  home,  and  tlierebj 
availing  ourselves  of  the  advantage  o: 
the  state  of  distribution  originally  ex- 
isting the  bee-keeper's  profits  migh', 
be  materially  enhanced. 


WESTERN  BEE  JOURNAL  SOLD 
The  Western  Bee  Journal,  whicl 
has  been  published  durtng  the  pas' 
three  years  in  the  interests  of  Pacific 
Coast  apiculture,  by  P.  F.  Adelsbach 
of  Kingsburg,  California,  has  beei 
sold  to  the  Calkins  Newspaper  Syndi 
cate,  of  San  Francisco,  and  consolidat 
ed  with  that  excellent  agricultura' 
monthly,  Orchard  and  Farm,  of  whicl 
Mr.  Adelsbach  will  conduct  tht 
apiarian  department. 

During  its  brief  career  the  Westeri 
Bee  Journal  has  been  a  very  spicy  am 
interesting  publication  and  The  Bee 
Keeper  regrets  to  lose  it  from  its  ex 
change  list. 

Mr.  Adelsbach  is  president  ant 
manager  of  the  Kingsburg  Improve, 
ment  Association,  a  corporatioi 
capitalized  at  $100,000,  besides  beinj 
editor  and  publisher  of  Kingsburg' 
local  newspaper.  The  Recorder,  whicl 
is  also  a  regular  visitor  to  The  Bee 
Keeper  ofifice,  and  it  reflects  the  push 
pluck  and  progress  characteristic  o 
the  western  people. 


PRESERVE 


BEE-KEEP 


YOUR 
ERS.  il 

Without    a    binder    of    some    sortj^^ 
magazines  are  apt  to  get  mislaid  anc 
lost  and  at  best  are  not  convenient  foi 
reference.      Most    binders    cost    more 
than  the  average  person  cares  to  pa) 
for  such  a  convenience  and  so  various 
makeshifts  are  substituted.     A  handj 
and    efficient    device    largely    used    ir 
places    where    many    magazines    ancH* 
pamphlets  are  received  is  a  commor 
rubber  band  costing  but  two  or  thret 
cents.     One  about  five  inches  long  by 
a  half  inch  wide  is  just  right  for  The 
Bec-Kecper.     As  soon  as  you  get  twc| 
or    three    numbers    snap    on    a    band} 
lengthways  of  the  magazine  and  closet 
to  the  back  when  it  will  be  found  thal| 
they     can     be     opened     and     handledl 
almost  as  well  as  if  bound 


ipoS- 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


191 


THE  CABBAGE  PALMETTO. 

Prominent  upon  the  list  of  Florida 
lectar-yielders  may  usually  be  noted 
:he  cabbage  palmetto,  or  cabbage 
)alm — Chamoerops  palmetto — which, 
ndeed.  Prof.  Cook,  in  his  "Manual  of 
the  Apiary,"  says  is  the  "noblest  Ro- 
man of  them  all."  The  same  work- 
presents  also  an  illustration  of  this 
tree,  which  bears  about  the  same  de- 
gree of  resemblance  to  the  cabbage 
palmetto  as  that  which  exists  between 
buckwheat  and  basswood. 

While,  in  certain  localities,  and  un- 


bursts  the  cappings  and  oozes  out. 
The  same  "working"  propensity  is  in 
evidence  after  extracting,  regardless 
of  the  thoroughness  with  which  it 
may  have  been  ripened.  It  appears, 
however,  to  materially  improve  in  this 
respect  after  a  year  or  so  in  an  air- 
tight package,  when  it  becomes  thick- 
er, and  a  very  pleasant,  mild-flavored 
honey.  In  color  it  is  white,  and  ai 
first,  unusually  thin  of  body. 

The  "cabbage"  palmetto  derives  its 
name  from  an  edible  and  very  pala- 
table portion  of  its  bud,  somewhat  re- 


THE    CABBAGE    PALMETTO. 


der  favorable  conditions,  the  cabbage 
palm  yields  nectar  very  profusely,  it  is 
hardly  reckoned  as  a  real  and  reliable 

ource  by  the  resident  honey  pro- 
ducer,    notwithstanding     the     almost 

ndless  profusion  in  which  it  grows  in 
South  Florida,  for  it  has  a  marked  pre- 
disposition to  blight  upon  the  slightest 
provocation,  and  is  a  very  uncertain 
bloomer  as  well. 

A  peculiar  characteristic  of  cabbage 
palmetto  honey  is  its  tendency  to  fer- 
ment— even  in  sealed  combs  amply 
protected  by  a  strong  colony,  it  often 


sembling  cabbage,  that  is  utilized  to  a 
considerable  extent  by  those  living 
where  it  grows,  in  great  abundance, 
as  it  does  in  South  Florida,  as  may 
be  seen  by  the  picture  herewith  shown, 
and  which  gives  a  glimpse  or  one  of 
the  streams  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Fort  Pierce,  where  Mr.  James  Hed- 
don,  the  veteran  apiarist,  used  to  lure 
the  wily  black  ba'NS  with  his  now 
famous  "Dowagiac"  bait.  The  "cab- 
bage" of  the  cabbage  palmetto  in 
some  instances  affords  an  iinportant 
part  of  the  food  supply  of  the  poorer 


192 


classes    of    the    rural    districts 
said  to  be  very  wholesome. 

While  it  niaj-  be  wandering  some- 
what from  the  subject  of  bees,  to 
which  the  American  Bee-Keeper, 
sticks  closer  than  any  otner  bee-paper 
in  the  country,  our  readers  may  be 
interested  to  learn  that  the  cabbage 
is  rather  a  wonderful  tree,  sTnce  it 
affords  the  material  necessary  for  the 
building  of  a  very  comfortable  house, 
as  well  as  supplying  something 
for  the  table  in  the  way  of 
■'vegetables"  and  honey.  Its  tall, 
and  exceedingly  straight  trunks 
make  a  substantial  wall  for  a  log 
house,  while  its  huge  fan-like  leaves 
make  a  first  class  roof;  the  only  v:x- 
pense  being  that  of  labor. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER 

and    is 


Septembei 


COMPARATIVE  TESTS  OF  NEW 
AND    OLD    FOUNDATION. 

The  following  is  from  the  Ameri- 
can Bee  Journal  of  July  27,  and  was 
written  by  Mr.  J.  A.  Green,  of  "Some- 
where  in    Colorado:" 

"Doolittle  and  other  bee-keepers 
have  used  old  foundation,  and  have 
found  that  the  bees  usea  !t  all  right. 
Does  not  that  prove  that  old  founda- 
tion is  as  good  as  new?    By  no  means. 

Take  notice  that  Doolittle  says  that 
all  the  foundation  used  by  him  for 
15  years  has  been  put  into  the  frames 
or  sections  during  the  months  of  De- 
cember, January.  February  and 
March,  then  stored  away  until  used. 
Will  he  tell  us  what  he  has  had  to 
compare  this  foundation  with?  All 
that  his  practice  really  proves  is  that 
bees  will  use  old  foundation,  some- 
thing that  T  think  no  one  will  ques- 
tion. But  it  would  give  scarcely  a 
hint  as  to  what  was  the  preference  of 
the  bees. 

Experience  has  made  me  a  little  cau- 
tious about  this,  though,  and  I  never 
give  a  colony  a  full  super  of  old  sec- 
tions. Instead,  I  divide  the  super, 
putting  half  the  old  sections  into  an- 
other super  and  then  filling  both  with 
sections  containing  foundation  as 
fresh  as  I  can  conveniently  get  it. 
They  are  always  put  in  in  a  certain 
way,  the  new  sections  all  on  one  side 
of  the  super,  the  old  on  the  other,  and 
I  can  always  tell  at  any  time  not  only 
which  supers  are  prepared  this  way, 
but  can  alwaj^s  tell  which  of  them  are 
the   old   and   which   are   the   new   sec- 


tions. I  have  done  this  for  man 
years,  having  each  season  from  20  t 
100  supers  prepared  in  this  way.  Now 
as  to  results: 

In  nearly  every  case,  except  whe 
the  bees  have  been  crowded  into  th 
supers  by  a  heavy  flow  of  honey  th 
bees  will  start  on  the  new  section 
first.  Occasionally  they  will  mak 
quite  a  start  on  them  before  they  wi 
touch  the  old  ones,  but  usually,  in  a 
ordinarily  good  honey-flow,  there  wi 
be  only  a  little  difference,  just  enoug 
to  show  that  they  prefer  the  fres 
foundation.  Even  this  little  differcnc 
will  usually  disappear  before  the  sup 
er  is  finished,  so  unless  you  keep  clos 
watch  of  the  work  being  done,  yo 
will  not  notice  that  the  bees  have  anj 
preference. 

Perhaps  you  will  say,  if  the  dii 
ference  is  so  slight  that  it  can  not  b 
detected  at  the  time  the  super  come 
to  be  finished,  it  does  not  amoun 
to  anything.  It  does  amount  to  some 
thing,  though,  in  just  this   way: 

It  is  so  exceedingly  important  tha 
the  bees  make  an  early  start  in  th 
supers;  that  they  form  as  early  as  pos 
sible  the  habit  of  storing  their  hone; 
there;  that  for  the  first  super  at  leas 
everything  should  be  made  as  attrac 
tive  as  possible." 

This  is  valuable  not  only  in  sliowin; 
the  difference  between  two  kinds  o 
experimental  research,  the  first  worth 
less,  the  second  of  much  merit,  bu 
also  for  giving  a  true  idea  of  th. 
values  of  old  and  new  foundation.  I 
would  perhaps  be  well  to  add  that  i 
foundation  is  kept  from  the  air  it  i; 
to  all  intents  and  purposes  new  anc 
unchanged  even  after  several  years. 


There  is  a  ,pra)rer  of  simple  act 
That    from    the    tongue    the    readies^ 

slips. 
Which  springs  spontaneous  from  tht 

heart 
And  breaks  in  blessing  on  the  lii)s — 
Bless  you! 

(B.  P.  Shillaber. 


Sow  thou  the  seeds  of  better  deed  and 

thought — • 

Light  other  lamps  while  yet  thy  light 

is  beaming. 

The  time  is  short.  (Anon. 


"Imitation  is  the  sincerest  flattery.'' 


1905.  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER 

WORTH    REMEMBERING. 


Long  ago,  at  that  period  of  life  when 
'he  adolescent  youth  is  averse  to  any 
;xertion,  the  writer  among  other 
,chool  duties,  was  to  learn  and  "speak 
I  oiece."  With  customary  procrasti- 
lation  the  preparatio'^  was  avoided  un- 
il,  when  the  morning  of  the  fateful 
lay  arrived,  nothing  had  been  learned, 
n  desperation  a  '"oere  couplet  was 
elected  and  committed  to  memory. 

The  hour  arrived  and  before  the 
vhole  school  the  little  tale  was  told, 
vhen  instead  of  being  permitted  to 
tep  down,  the  soeaker  was  ieft 
tanding.  Matters  grew  uncomforta- 
ile,  the  school  tittered,  the  seconds 
eemed  hours,  when  suddenly,  came 
he  voice   of  the   fine  old  instructor — 


193 

to  write  of  it  for  the  benefit  of  the  craft. 
In  bee-keeping  as  in  farming,  lack 
of  sufficient  capital  to  properly  con- 
duct the  business  is  +.he  rule.  A  mer- 
chant or  manufacturer  trying  to  do 
business  thus  handicapped  is  pretty 
sure  to  fail,  in  fact  one  of  the  com- 
monest causes  of  business  failure  is 
tryino-  to  do  too  much  business  for 
the  capital  employed.  It  speaks  well 
for  the  possibilities  of  bee-keeping  and 
farming  that  so  much  can  be  accom- 
'^lished  with  them  on  so  little  capital, 
but  the  lack  of  sufficient  capital  re- 
sults in  an  inadequate  supply  of  im- 
plements hence  greater  labor  and  high- 
er cost  of  the  produ'-.ts,  but  still  worse 
it  often  forces  the  sale  of  the  goods  at 
inopportune  times.  We  invite  a  dis- 
cussion  of   the   subject  believing   that 


.early    scarmg    away    our    last    bit    of    ^  ,o„,i^eration  of  the  costs  of  different 
el  -possession-saying:       I   .rust  you  t,j„,   ^,,11   ^^  ^f  ^^fi^it,  benefit  to 

^'ill    always    remember    tiiat    and    live 
ip  to  it.    That  is  all.  ' 

It  is  always  remembered — geiierally 
00  late.    This  is  the  couplet: 


If  wisdom's  ways  you'd  wisely  seek, 
Five   things   observe   with   care, 

)f   whom   you    speak,    to   whom    you 
speak. 
And  how,  and  when,  and  where." 


THE  POLITICAL  ECONOMY  OF 
BEE   CULTURE. 

So  rarely  is  anything  said  on  the 
)olitical  economy  of  bee  culture  that 
pneral  recognitionof  its  existence  may 
veil  be  doubted.  A.nd  as  one  visits 
lifferent  apiaries  and  notes  the  pre- 
'ailing  lack  of  sufficient  equipment, 
)f  slack  methods,  of  absence  of  fore- 
hought,  the  need  of  instruction  along 
uch  lines  is  quite  anoarent.  To  be 
ure.  articles  appear  from  time  to  time 
)n  the  wisdom  of  getting  hives,  sec- 
ions,  etc.,  in  advance  of  the  time  of 
leed  and  now  and  then  a  word  is  said 
m  the  desirability  of  having  a  full  liiic 
)f  the  implements  o''  the  craft.  Mucli 
)f  what  has  been  said  in  the  line  of 
nil  equipment  has  been  by  persons 
nore  or  less  directly  interested  in  the 
ale  of  supplies  and  hence  has  been 
aken  with  a  large  grain  of  salt, 
vlethods  of  honey  production  and  sys- 
ems  of  manageme'^t  are  freely  dis- 
ussed,  but  the  details  of  manipula- 
ion  generally  obscure  the  broader 
)rinciples  of  the  economics  of  the 
lusiness.  Here  anr"  there  individual 
lee-keepers  grasp  the  subject  and  in- 
tinctively  give  proper  value  to  each 
letail,   but    thus    far    they    have   failed 


sys 

all  who  keep  bees  for  profit,  or  who 
keep  bees  for  fun  and  expect  them  to 
pav   for   it. 

The  points  we  particularly  have  in 
mind  are  the  question  of  the  amount 
of  capital  per  colony  necessary  for 
the  greatest  economy  of  production, 
the  equipment  in  implements,  the  num- 
ber of  combs,  supers,  etc.,  needed  per 
colony  together  with  an  idea  of  the 
number  of  hours  o^  labor  per  colony 
per  year  that  can  profitably  be  be- 
stowed. A  better  idea  of  these  things 
should  lead  to  lessened  cost  of  honey 
oroduction,  to  the  substitution  of  more 
hives  and  implements  for  labor  in  one 
case  or  vice  versa  in  another. 


HONEY     CROP     SHORT— GRAD- 
ING RULES. 

Alanager  Leo  F.  Hanegan,  of  the 
St.  Croix  Valley  Honey  Producers' 
Association,  Glenwood,  W^is.,  under 
date  of  July  20,  writes: 

■'The  honey  crop  ui  north  Atlantic 
states  is  from  nothing  to  one-fourth, 
with  some  small  favored  localities 
having  a  fair  crop.  The  quality  will 
be  fine.  Our  reports  indicate  that  the 
crop  in  the  arid  West  to  date,  is  from 
no  crop  at  all  and  feeding,  to  not  more 
than  one-fourth  of  a  crop." 

The  following  is  a  ^^ortion  of  a 
circular  sent  to  members  of  this  asso- 
ciation, and  at  this  season  will,  doubt- 
less, prove  cf  interest  to  others  than 
members: 

Glenwood,  W'^.,  Julj-  15,  1905. 
Members     of    the     St.     Croix     Vallej'- 
Honey  Producers"  Association: 

Kind    Friend:        Your    report    card 


194 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


September; 


shows  that  j^ou  are  expecting  us  to 
assist  you  in  marketing  j-our  i  ju5  crop 
of  honey,  so  here  goes  for  a  starter. 
We  certainly  do  intend  to  be  of  service 
to  all  our  meml)ers  so  far  as  possible. 
Last  year  experienf-'^  showed  us  that 
our  o-reatest  field  for  labor  to  start 
with  was  instructing  our  members  how 
to  grade  and  pack  honey  properly. 
While  some  bee-keepers  know  how 
and  do  put  their  honey  up  in  first  class 
shape,  the  majority  are  rather  careless 
in  grading  and  packing.  We  hope 
you  are  one  of  the  careful  ones,  but 
however,  we  wish  to  give  a  little  ad- 
vice in  this  letter  v/ith  reference  to 
grading  and  packing  comb  honey  and 
package  to  be  used  for  extracted  hon- 
ey. Out  in  Colorado  the  bee-keepers 
have  adopted  a  set  of  rules  which  we 
believe  suits  the  white  clover  ano  bass- 
wood  localities  first  rate  and  is  better 
than  any  other  grading  rules  that  have 
come  under  our  observation.  They 
are  as  folh^ws. 

COMB   HONEY   RULES. 

No.  I.  Sections  to  be  well  fil!>'d 
and  capped,  honey  white  or  slightly 
amber,  comb  white  and  not  projecting 
bej'onn  the  wood,  wood  to  be  well  clean- 
ed; cases  of  separatored  honey  to  aver- 
age 21  pounds  net  per  case  of  24  sec- 
tions, with  a  minimum  weight  of  not 
less  than  20  pounds  for  any  single 
case;  cases  of  half  separatored  honey 
to  average  not  less  than  21  3-4  pounds 
net  per  case  of  24  sections,  with  a  mini- 
mum weight  of  20  3-4  pounds  for  any 
single  case;  cases  of  unseparatored 
honey  to  average  not  less  than  22  1-2 
pounds  net  per  case  of  24  sections, 
with  minimum  weight  of  21  1-2 
of  a  pronounced  tinge,  and  all  white 
pounds  for  any  single  case. 

No.  2.  Includes  all  amber  honey 
and  amber  honey  not  included  in  No. 
i;  to  be  fairly  well  sealed,  uncapped 
cells  not  to  exceed  50  in  number  ex- 
clusive of  outside  row,  wood  to  be 
well  cleaned;  cases  of  separatored 
honey  to  average  not  less  than  18 
pounds  net  per  case  of  24  sections; 
cases  of  unseparatored  honey  to  aver- 
age not  less  than  19  pounds  net  per 
case  of  24  sections,  cases  of  unsepara- 
tored honey  to  average  not  less  than 
20  pounds  net  per  case  of  24  sections. 

Cases  weighing  over  25  ponds  go 
in   No.   2  grade. 

EXTRACTED      HONEY      RULES. 

Extracted  honej'  shall  be  classified 
as  white  and  amber,  shall  w^eigh  twelve 


pounds  per  gallon,  shall  be  perfectl; 
free  from  particles  of  wax,  and  shaj 
always  be  marketed  in  new  cans.  Al 
rendered  honej^.  whether  obtained  b;, 
solar  heat  or  otherwise,  shall  b 
classed  as  strained  honey  and  not  a 
extracted.  . 

RECOMMENDATIONS. 

It   is   recommended   to   sell   all   cul 
honey  around  home  as  much  as  possi 
ble;  to  grade  only  in  daylight,  near 
window. 

Pack  all  sections  in  stout  basswooc 
no  drip  shipping  cases,  to  put  pape 
above  and  below  sections,  to  stor 
honey  in  a  warm  dry  room  well  pre 
tected  from  flies  and  dust;  if  the  hea 
of  the  room  causes  the  wax  moth  t 
become  troublesome  treat  the  hone' 
to  the  fumes  of  bysvilphide  of  carbor 
to  haul  carefully,  well  protected  fror 
dust  and  rain;  do  not  nail  covers  o 
tight  as  it  often  becomes  necessary  t 
remove  them  in  order  to  inspect  hone 
or  remove  a  broken  section;  do  nc 
put  au}^  names  or  marks  on  cases  ex 
cept  grade  marks. 

FOR  LOCAL  SHIPPING. 

We  prefer  to  pack  eight  24  poun 
cases  in  a  large  crate,  first  puttin 
about  four  inches  of  straw  in  it.  Thi 
will  act  as  a  cushion  and  prevent 
breaking  down  of  the  combs  from  jai 
ring  or  jolting.  The  glass  fronts  c 
the  cases  should  show  through  th 
crate  so  that  freight  handlers  ca 
easily  see  what  it  is  and  handle  ac 
cordingly.  Then  th'^re  should  be  tw 
long  strips  nailed  near  the  top  of  th 
sides  of  the  crate  (one  on  each  side 
and  extending  out  six  or  eight  inches 
formip'  handles  by  which  to  carr 
it.  Another  good  thing  is  to  tack  o; 
top  a  large  card  having  on  it  in  plai: 
letters.:  "Comb  Honey,  Handle  witl 
Care."  When  so  prepared,  comb  hon 
ey  should  go  almost  anywhere  b; 
freight  in  good  condition. 

The  most  popular  package  for  ex 
tracted  honey  is  the  2  pound  frictioi 
top  can,  5  and  10  pound  friction  toi 
top  pail,  and  the  60  oound  square  cai 
boxed  one  or  tw-o  cans  in  a  box,  an( 
the  60  pound  round,  flat  top  can  witl 
a  veneer  jacket  bail  for  handle  and  ; 
3  inch  screw  cap  in  top.  Any  of  thi 
above  recommended  packages  for  ex 
tracted  honey  can  be  had  by  ordering 
through  the  National  Bee-Keepers 
Association. 


Honey     and     Beeswax     Market. 


j  Cincinnati,  Aug.  •^. — At  this  writing  there 
is  a  good  demand  for  extracted  honey;  ship- 
ments are  arriving  daily.  New  comb  honey 
is  coming  in  quite  freely,  although  the  de- 
imand  is  only  fair,  a  condition  which  may  be 
expected    early    in    the    season. 

We  quote  amber  extracted  honey  in  bar- 
rels and  cans  at  5 %  and  6%c  respectively; 
white  clover  extracted,  at  7-8'/ic;  fancy 
white  comb  honey  at  12-15c.  Beeswax  Is 
wanted    at    26c. 

The    Fred   "W.    Muth    Co. 

.51    Walnut    St. 


Honey    Market.     . 

Denver,  July  31. — No  new  honey  offered; 
crop  will  be  very  light.  There  is  plenty  of 
last  season's  stock  to  supply  the  demand. 
We  quote  our  market  today;  No.  1,  $2.20  to 
$2.40  per  case;  No.  2,  $1.75  to  $2.00;  ex- 
tracted,   6V2    to   7%;    beeswax,    25c. 

Colorado  Honey   Producers  Association. 

1440    Market    St. 


Cliicago  Aug.  4. — Fancy  white,  14;  No.  1 
white,  13  @  13 1/4;  fancy  amber,  11@12;  No. 
1  amber,  9(??10;  fancy  dark,  10;  No.  1  dark, 
J ;  white  extracted,  6  (§'  7  ;  amber  5  fS'  6  ;  dark, 
)@5%;  beeswax,  28.  The  new  crop  Is  ap- 
pearing and  selling  in  a  fair  way  consider- 
ng    that    it    is    midsummer. 

K.     A.     Burnett    &    Co., 


Buffalo,  July  14. — We  do  not  advise  ship- 
sing  until  small  fruits  are  out  of  the  market. 
The  supply  of  new  honey,  as  well  as  the 
lemand,  is  light.  We  quote  today:  Fancy 
lew,  14-15c;  old  honey,  6-12c;  beeswax,  2S- 
iOc.  Batterson    &   Co. 

Kansas  City,  Mo..  July  11. — There  is  but 
ittle  new  honey  arriving  as  yet,  as  compared 
.vith  last  year.  The  supply  is  yet  limited,  but 
;he  demand  is  good  and  we  think  it  will  In- 
crease. We  quote  our  market  as  follows: 
romb,  .$2.50  to  $2.75  per  case;  extrcated,  4 '/2 - 
5c;   beeswax,    2Sc, 

C.  C   Clemmons  &  Co. 


Boston,     May     9. — There    is    no     change    to  .  r^,         .  ■  t->         t^ 

lote,  In  condition  of  honey  market,  from  that    mention   i  he  American  Bee-Keeper. 
)f  our   letter   of   April    24. 

Blake,    Scott    &    Lee    Co. 


Four  New  Departments 


I  publish  and  recommend  to  vuu  THFj 
KUR.'IX  BEE-KEEPER,  the  best  all- 
round  fl.oo  ;nontiilv  bee  Journal  In 
America.  On  trial  three  months  for 
this  ad.  with  2oc.  Or  send  us  50c  for  a 
three  months'  trial  and  your  name  and 
address  on  a  twc)-iine  rubber  stamp 
(self-inking   pad    J.'ic   extra.)      Or 

Send  us  $1.50  and  get  the 
Rural  Bee  Keeper  one  year 

and  an  untested  Italian  queen  bee. 
Sample  copy  free.  Agents-  get  liberal 
terrris. 

We  count  that  day  lost  which  does 
not  show  some  Improvement  in  THE 
RURAL  BEE-KEEPER.  So  soon  as 
we  can  find  the  right  party  to  conduct 
the  departments,  we  will  establish  a 
department  for  advanced  bee-keepers 
and  a  kindergarten  for  the  new  be- 
ginners. AVe  f. iso  want  to  benefit  oui- 
readers  in  the  West  and  want  to  es- 
tablish a  "Department ,  of  the  Middle 
W^est"  and  a  "Pacific  Coast  Depart- 
ment.'' Our  Fnrei!?n  a-id  South;rii  De- 
partments are  very  gratifying  to  us. 

We  solicit  vour  s\ibscrlptlon  and 
your   moral    support. 


W.   H.  PUTNAM 

RIVER   FALLS,    "WISCONSIIN 


When   writing  to  advertisers  please 


Chicago,  Aug.  IS. — The  demand  has  ab- 
sorbed all  the  offerings  of  fancy  and  A  No. 
1  grades  of  white  comb  honey  at  14c,  while 
So.  1  has  sold  at  ISfS'lSi^c.  No  call  at 
Dresent  for  other  than  the  best  grade.  It 
■eally  being  difficult  to  place  what  ordinari- 
y  is  called  No.  1.  Extracted  white,  Gfa-Tc; 
imber,  light  and  dark.  5 'a' 6c;  beeswax  28c 
per     Vb.  R.     A.     Burnett     &     Co. 

lo:)    S.    Water    St. 


Cincinnati,  Aug.  IS. — The  heavy  requests 
,'or  offers  on  honey  recently  have  a  tendency 
:o  lower  the  prices.  We  are  striving  hard 
:o  maintain  good  prices,  by  giving  our  friends 
nore  than  their  honey  is  worth,  to  hold  up 
;he  market.  So  far.  we  have  been  suc- 
cessful. Still  offer  extracted  honey  as  fol- 
ows:  Amber,  in  barrels  and  cans,  5%c-6i2C, 
respectively.  W^hlte  clover  at  7-8 Vac.  We 
,:ee!  that  lower  prices  will  prevail  in  the 
lear  future.  Comb  honey  is  coming  in  quite 
freely.  We  quote  fancy  white  comb  honey 
it  12-15c.  The  arrival  of  western  carload 
shipments  of  comb  honey  is  anticipated 
Jaily,  after  which  the  market  will  be  shat- 
:ered    as    to    prices.       Beeswax   is    wanted    at 

;6c. 

The    Fred    W.    Muth    Co. 
■    .51     Walnut     St. 


Sunshine 


is  gaining  ad- 
miration as  a 
popular    liter- 

a  r  V        f^imily 

^■■~--~— ~-~"~~-~       3IAGAZINE. 

It  entertains  its  readers  with  good, 
short  stories,  sketches  and  poems  by  the 
most  famous  authors  of  the  day  and  is 
a    magazine    of    superior    merit. 

It  is  a  welcome  visitor  in  every  home. 

Price  25  cents  a  year. 

We  wish  to  have  our  magazine  in  your 
vicinity  and  as  a  special  offer  for  new 
readers    we    will     send     you 

Sunshine  for  1  Year  for  lOc. 

Think    of    It,    less   than    one   cent    a   copy. 
Can't  you  act  as  our  agent? 

ADD.  MAYES  PUB.  CO.,  . 

LOUISVILLE,     -      -      -      -     KENTUCKY. 


ONE-HALF  INCH  SPACE  ONE  YEAR  ON  THIS  PAGE,  $3.00. 


W.     J.     DAVIS,     1st,     YOUXGSVILLE,     PA., 

breeder  of  choice  Italian  Bees  and  Queens 
Quality,    not   quantity,    is   my    motto. 


DKWEY'S  HARDY  HONEY  GATHERERS.— 

Reared  under  swarming  impulse  through- 
out the  year.  Large,  strong,  healthy.  Send 
for  card,  'Can  I  Control  Swarming.'  Original. 
Untested,  75c.,  6  for  $5.00;  tested,  $1.50,  6 
for  $5.00.  Choice,  $2.50.  High  grade  breeders. 
$2.00  to  $10.  E.  H.  DEWEY,  Gt.  Barrington, 
Mass. 


QUEENS  HERE. — We  are  still  asking  you 
to  give  us  your  trade.  We  sell  Italians, 
Goldens  and  Carniolans  at  7  5c  for  untested 
and  $1.00  for  tested.  Prices  on  quantities 
and  nuclei  upon  application.  JOHN  W. 
PHARR,  Berclair,  Texas.  Jan6 


SW.4RTHMORE  APIARIES,  SWARTH- 
MOORE,  PA. — Our  bees  and  queens  are  the 
brightest  Italians  procurable.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed.  Correspondence  in  English, 
French,  German  and  Spanish.  Shipments  to 
ail   parts  of   the  world. 


W.   W.  CARY  &  SON,  LYONSVILLE,  MASS. 

— Breeders  of  choice  Italian  bees  and 
queens.  Imported  Leather  and  Root's  Red 
Clover  strains.   Catalogue  and  price  list  free. 


MOORE'S      LONG-TONGUED      STRAIN      of 

Italians  become  more  and  more  popular 
each  year.  Those  who  have  tested  them  know 
why.  Descriptive  circular  free  to  all.  Write 
J.  P.  -MOORE,  L.  Box  1,  Morgan,  Ky. 


HONEY  QUEENS  AND  BEES  FOR  SALE.— 

I  extracted   300  pounds  per  colony  in   1903. 
THOS.  WORTHINGTON,  Leota,  Miss.      Aug5 


PUNIC   BEES. — All   other  races  are   discard- 

eil.     after    trial    of    these    wonderful     bees. 

Particulars  post  free.  JOHN  HEWITT  &  CO., 

Sbetfield,  England.  Jan6 


THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Walnut  S 
Cincinnati,  O.  Standard  Bred  Red  Clov 
Three-banded  Queens,  Golden  Italians 
Carniolans.  Safe  arrival  guaranteed.  Sei 
for  circular. 


THE  A.  I.   ROOT  CO.,  Medina,   O.— Breeds 
of  Italian   bees  and   queens. 


QUEENS  from.  Jamaica  any  day  in  the  yes 
Untested.  66c.;  tested,  $1.00;  select  teste 
$1.50.  Our  queens  are  reared  from  the  ve 
finest  strains.  GEO.  W.  PHILLIPS,  Sav-L 
Mar  P.   O.,  Jamaica,   W.  I.  5 


D.  J.  BLOCHER,  Pearl  City,  lu. — Breeder 

Fine   Italian   Bees  and   Queens.      Our  sto 

speaks   for   itself.      Safe   arrival   of   all   sto 

guaranteed.     Free  information.  Ja 


LAWRENCE   C.   MILLER,   Box   1113,   Proi 

dence,  R.  I. — Is  filling  orders  for  tlie  po 

ular.   hardy,   honey-getting  Providence  stra 

of  Queens.      Write  for  free   information. 


I 


C.  H.  W.  WEBER,  Cincinnati,  O. — (Cor,  Ce 

tral    and    Freeman    Aves. ) — Golden    Yello 

Red  Clover  and  Carniolan  queens,   bred  fro 

select     mothers    in    separate    apiaries. 


JOHN    M.    DAVIS,    Spring    Hill,    Tenn.— H 

greatly  enlarged  and  improved  his  queei 
rearing  facilities.  .  Two  unrelated  Carniolai 
and  a  dark  leather  Italian  lately  importe 
My  own  strains  of  three-band  and  golde) 
"Moore's"  long-tongue;  Doolittle's  golden 
selects.  Carniolans  mated  to  Italian  dron 
when  desired.     No  disease.     Circular  free. 


QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER,     has 

exceptionally  hardy  strain  of  Italian  bee 
they  wintered  on  their  summer  stands  with 
a  few  miles  of  bleak  Lake  Erie  .  Send  f 
free  circular.     Bellevue.   Ohio.  5 


HONfY  DEALERS'  DIRECTORY 


t^~Dnder  this  heading-  will  be  inserted,  for  reliable  dealers,  two  lines  one 
year  for  $1.25.  Additional  words,  12c  a  word.  No  announcement  can 
be  accepted  for  less  than  one  year  at  these  rates. _^ 


OHIO. 


H.  W.  WEBER,  Freeman  and  Central 
A\es.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  If  for  sale,  mail 
sample,  and  state  price  expected,  delivered 
in  Cincinnati.  If  in  want,  write  for  prices, 
and     state     quality     and     quantity     desired. 

5-5 


E  are  always  in  the  market  for  extracted 
honey,  as  we  sell  unlimited  quantities.  Send 
us  a  sample  and  vour  best  price  delivered 
here  The  Fred  W.  Muth  Co.,  51  Walnut 
St.,    Cineinnti,    O.  5-5 


COLORADO. 


THE  COI.ORADO  HOXEY  PRODUCERS' 
ASSOCIATIOX,  1440  Market  St.,  Denver, 
Colo.  5 


ILLINOIS. 


R.    A.    BURNETT    &    CO., 

Street,    Chicago. 


South    Water 
5-5 


^ent-a=Word  Column. 


'ANTED. — To  exchange  Barnes  Combined 
Saw.  almost  as  good  as  new,  for  best  al- 
falfa honey,  comb  or  extracted.  W.  W. 
McNeal,    Wheelersburg.   Ohio. 


AGENTS  WANTED. — To  sell  advertising 
novelties,  good  commission  allowed.  Send 
for  catalogue  and  terms.  American  Manu- 
facturing  Concern,    Falcoiier,    N.    Y. 


OR  SALE. — ^Bees  for  Cuba.  75  good  colonies 
in  10-frame  Danz.  hive  (painted)  with  4x5 
section  supers.  100  supers  (in  flat)  and 
25  hives  made  up,  extra.  Shipping  to  Cuba 
about  $25.  A  rare  bargain  for  $400.  Ad- 
dress   215    DUVAL    ST.,    Key    West,    Fla. 

Sept5 


HE  BUSY  MAN'S  METHOD  OF  REARING 
GOOD  QUEENS. — This  leaflet  describes 
the  method  used  in  rearing  the  Hardy 
Honey  Gatherers  (read  elsewhere),  and  if 
carefully  followed  will  produce  queens  of 
great  merit.  No  loss  of  brood,  no  cell-cups. 
anil  but  litttle  time  required.  Large  queens 
under  swarming  impulse.  Nothing  artiflcial 
about  it.  Every  queen-breeder  needs  It. 
Price  25  cents.  E.  H.  DEWEY,  Gt.  Barring- 
ton,  3Ia8B. 


FALIAN      and      CARNIOLAN      QUEENS.— 

The  Bankston  Baby  Nucleus  and  the 
Bankston  nursery  cage.  Untested  queens 
50  cents  each;  tested.  75c.  Baby  nucleus, 
nailed  ready  for  use.  35  cents.  Nursery 
cage.  35  cents  by  mail  with  printed  in- 
structions. C.  B.  BANKSTON,  Milano,  Mi- 
lam County,  Texas.  Sep5 


NCREASE  is  a  handsome  little  book  telling 
how  to  form  new  colonies  without  break- 
ing working  stocks.  A  simple,  sure  satis- 
factory plan.  25c.  Baby  Nuclei  tells  how 
to  mate  many  queens  from  sections  with  a 
mere  handful  of  bees.  42  pages,  20  pic- 
tures; plain  and  simple  plan.  50c.  Queens 
and  queen  rearing  outfits  for  sale.  Golden 
all-over  and  Caucasian  Queens.  Circulars 
free.     E.  L.  PRATT,  Swartlimore,  Pa. 


BEWARE 

where:  you  buy  your 

BEEWARE 


J 


J^L 


WATCRTOWN. 


WIS! 


MAKES  THE    FINEST 


G.  B.  LEWIS  COMPANY, 
BEE-KEEPERS^  SUPPLIES 

Watertown,  Wis. 

Eastern  Agents:  Fred  W.  Muth  Co.,  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio,  51  Walnut  Street;  C.  M.  Scott 
&  Co.,  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  10(T4  E.  Washing- 
ton St.,  Norris  &  Anspach,  Kenton,  Ohio, 
Cleaver    &   Greene.    Troy,    Penn. 


Learn  Telegraphy  and  R.  R.  Accounting 


$50  to  $100  per  month  salary  assured  our 
graduates  under  bond.  You  don't  pay 
us  until  you  have  a  position.  Largest 
system  of  telegraph  schools  in  America. 
Endorsed  by  all  railway  officials.  Ope- 
rators always  in  demand.  Ladies  also 
admitted.      Write    for    Catalogue. 

MORSE  SCHOOL  OF  TELEGRAPHY 

Cincinnati.  O.,      Buffalo.  N.  Y.,      Atlanta,  Ga. 

Texarkana.   Tex..       San  Francisco,   Cal. 
Nov.    5.  LaCrosse,    Wis. 


Our  Special   Premium  Offer. 

We  have  been  successful  in  closing  a  contract  with  the  Selden  Pen  Mfg.  Co. 
of   New    York,    whereby    for    a    limited     time     we     can     supply     a     guaranteed 

$  2.00     Gold     Fountain    Pen. 

"THE  CElTRIC  model  i" 

and  the  American  Bee- Keeper  one  year  for  only  90  cents,  to  every  subscriber, 
OLD  or  NEW.  The  pen  will  be  forwarded  immediately  upon  receipt  of  the 
money.  It  is  made  of  the  best  quality  of  hard  rubber  in  four-parts,  and  fitted 
with  a  guaranteed  irridium  pointed  14 -k  GOLD  PEN.  The  "fountain"  is 
throughout  of  the  simplest  construction  and  can  not  get  out  of  order,  overflow, 
or  fail   to  supply  ink  to   the  nib. 

**A  Fountain  Pen  is  a  Necessity 
of  The  Twentieth  Century." 


It   dispenses   with   the   inconvenient   inkstand     and 

'THE  CELTRIC  MODEL  t* 


always    ready    for    use. 


bears  the  manufacturer's  guarantee  that 
the   pen    is   solid   GOLD,    14 -k   fine.      If 
does  not  prove  satisfactory  in  every  way  we  will   exchange  it  for  another,   or  re- 
turn the  fifty  cents  additional  upon   return    of    the    pen. 

This  is  an  unusual  opportunity  to  secure,  at  a  very  low  price,  an  article 
of  superior  quality  that  is  coming  to  be  essential  to  the  comfort  and  convenience 
of    every   one   who   writes.      KEJIEMBEK  that  the  offer  is  for  a  short  time  only. 

THE  AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER,    Falconer,    N.   Y. 


Special  Notice 

I  to   Bee-keepers.  ; 

[BO  STO  n\ 

\  Money   in  Bees  lor  You 

>                       Cata'og  Price  on  ^ 

J       Root's    Supplies  ^ 

y                     Catalog  for  the   Asking  <, 

I     F.   H.  FARMER,  182    FRIEND   STREET,  ) 


V„-«s„.^  -^_ 


BOSTON,  MASS. 

-Up    First    Flight^ 


mm 


YOU    CAN    DO   IT 


/lGh^T^ 


Medallions  "Peuro  or  Pearl"  New  Me- 
dallious.  Quick  sellers.  Big  money. 
Write  at  once.  Special  territory 
given.  Largest  Medallion  Co.  in  the 
World.  Agents'  supplies.  Novelties 
up-to-date.     Write  now. 

Universal  Manufacturing  Co., 

Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Read  This  and  Do  It  Quic 


.^1   One 
Year  !S1.40. 

Without 

Glfanings 

80  Cents. 


Tin-    Modern    Farmer. 
(5reen's    Fruit    Grower, 
Agricultural    Epitomist, 
The    Mayflower    and 
Ten  Beautiful  Flowering'  Bulb 
Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture, 
.\miTiean    Bee-Keeper. 


Without  (ileiininss  and  American  Bee-Keep 
.")0r.     (iood  only  a  short  time.     Address 

Modern  Farmer,  St.  Joseph,  Mi 

Box   15.  The  clean  farm  paper. 


Every  person  who  keeps  pigeons,  Belgia 
hares,  cavies,  dogs,  cats  or  a  pet  of  ar 
kind  to  send  for  a  free  sample  of  the 


PET  STOCK  PAPER 


.■\<l(lr.-ss     Box     20. 


York,     Pi 


Providence  Queens 


:ari-:  Tin:: 


Kind  That  Please 

A  bee-master  of  international 
fame,  long  sought  for  a  strain  of 
bees  which  were  profitable,  gen- 
tle and  good  to  look  upon. 
Queens  from  many  lands  were 
tried  and  various  crosses  made 
until  at  last  a  promising  start 
was  secured.  Patiently  and 
with  infinite  pains  and  careful 
selection  this  strain  was  devel- 
oped. Years  elapsed  as  the  work 
continued  until  finally  success 
rewarded  his  efforts.  I  have  se- 
cured the  control  of  this  stock 
and  offer  it  to  bee-keepers  under 
the  name  of  the  "Providence 
Strain." 


Untested  Queen-s $1.00 

Tested  Queens 1.50 


LAWRENCE    C    MILLER 

p.  O.  Box  1113,  Providence,  R.  I. 


Three    Mo7iths  for    Only  20    Cents. 
To    a     A  eiv    Su  bscriber. 

THE 

AMERICAN  BEE  JOURNAL 

Established  in  1»61 

It  is  the  only  weekly  bee  paper  in  America. 
Those  who  write  for  it  are  among  the  most 
extensive  and  successful  bee-keepers  in  the 
"world.  Many  of  them  produce  honey  by  the 
ton,  and  make  money  at  the  business,  hence 
their  experience  is  valuable. 

Among  the  Departments  Represented  in  the 
Bee  Journal  Are  These: 

Editorial  Notes  and  Comments;  Mis- 
cellaneous News  Items;  Contributed 
Special  Articles:  Opinions  of  Some  Ex- 
perts; Proceedings  of  Conventions;  Our 
Bee-Keeping  Sisters;  Mr.  Hasty's  After- 
thoughts; Dr.  Miller's  Answers  to 
Questions;  Honey  and  Beeswax  Mar- 
ket Quotations. 

Every  bee-keeper,  whether  having  one 
colony  or  100,  should  read  the  old  American 
Bee  Journal  every  week. 

Only  81.00  a  year;  or  20  cents  for  a  trial  trip 
of  three  months,  (13  copies),  to  a  new  sub- 
scriber.   Sample  copy  free.    Ask  for  it. 

George  W.  Yorh  ®  Co. 


334  Dearborn  Street 


Chicago  Illinois 


Big  Song  Book 


"Polly,  I  Love  But  Tou,"  words  and  mu- 
sic; "Piking  the  Pike,"  "Just  Because 
I'm  Prom  Missouri,"  "Hiawatha," 
"Navajo,"  "Bedelia."  "Josie,"  "Only  a 
Factory  Girl,"  "Flirting  at  the  Sea- 
shore," "The  Little  Brown  Man  of  Ja- 
pan," "Come  Down,  Miss  Malinda,"  "Ma 
Ragtime  Ebony  Belle,"  and  44  other 
popular  songs,  all  in  one  book,  and  sent 
postpaid  for  only  10  cents  We  will  also 
send  a  coupon  good  for  10  cents  to 
every  one  mentioning  in  what  paper  they 
saw    this    ad. 


This  is  a  special  offer  to  introduce  our 
goods^  so  send  at  once. 


H.  D.  LEADER  CO. 

tf  GRAND   RAPIDS,    MICH. 


MUSIC  LOVERS 

BIG  M4GAZINE  ONE  YEAR  FOR  TEN  CENTS 

Send  us  10  cents  in  silver,  tf-gether 
with  the  names  of  ten  persons  who 
get  mail  at  your  postofRce  who  are 
interested  in  aiUSIC,  and  we  will 
send  you  our  handsome  magazine 
one  year.  W'e  receive  hundreds  of 
new  subscriptions  daily  from  per- 
sons who  think  our  magazine  a  big- 
ger bargain  than  Harper's,  Mun- 
sey's.  Ladies'  Home  Journal,  or 
McClure's.  This  is  a  special  offer 
for   a   short    time   only. 


OUR    SUBSCRIPTION    PRICE    MAY 
ADVANCE  TO   $1    PER  YEAR  SOON 


BERGES 

Dept.  H.  D. 


PUBLISHING   CO. 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


Beeswax 
Wanted 


We  will  pay  28  cents  cash  or  30 
cents  in  goods  for  good  quality  of 
Beeswax,  freight  paid  to  Falconer,  N. 
Y.  If  you  have  any,  ship  it  to  us  at 
once.  Prices  subject  to  change  with- 
out notice. 

THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MFG  CO. 


When  writing  to  advertisers  mention 
The  American  Bee-Keeper. 

3  and  5=Banded  Italian 
and  Carniolan  Queens. 

Say  friends,  you  who  have  support- 
ed us  during  the  past  season,  we 
desire  to  express  our  thanks  for 
your  patronage  in  the  past,  and 
respectfully  solicit  a  continuance  of 
your  valued  favors  through  the  sea- 
sou  of  1904. 

Our  queens  now  stand  upon  their 
merits  and  former  record.  We  are 
preparing  for  next  season,  and  seek- 
ing the  patronage  of  large  apiarists 
and  dealers.  We  do  not  claim  that 
our  queens  are  superior  to  all  oth- 
ers, but  that  they  are  as  good  as 
the  best.  We  will  furnish  from  one 
to  a  thousand  at  the  following 
prices:  "  ""sted  of  either  race,  $1; 
one  unte  J,  75c.,  5  for  $3.25,  10 
for  $(-..  15  for  .$8.25,  25  for  $12.50,  50 
for  $23.5u,  100  for  $45. 
P'or  descriptive  circulars  address. 


Chance 

Of  a  Life  Time 


100 


Wanted  to  raise 
Belgians 


Send  for  particulars  and    sample  cop 
j  of  the  only 

Belgian  Hare   Journa 


Published  in  America. 

Judge  R.  J.  FINLEY, 

227  Lamb  St ,  MACON,  M 


JOHN  W.  PHARR,  Prop., 


New  Century  Queen  Rearing  Co. 
Clair,  Goliad  Co.,  Texas. 


Ber- 


SELE«CT,  TESTED  BREEDING 

QUEENS. 

Alley'.s  strain  golden-banded  queens 
and  lioes.  I'ractically  non-^warmiug 
and  non-.stlnging.  Every  queen  war- 
ranted to  jiroduce  golden  queens  and 
bees.  Catalog  and  eight-page  leaflet 
on  <|ueen-rearing  free  to  all.  1  <^ueen, 
$1;  (i  queon.s.  .'j;5..'!t0;  12  queens,.  $10. 
Only  natiu-al  methods  used.  Forty 
years   ex]ierience. 

HENRY    ALI.EY,    Wcnliani,    Maws. 


To    Subscribers    of 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


Until  Further  Notice 


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Address 

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:jtf.  .Mlentown,  Pa. 


W.  M.  Gerrish,  R.  F.  D.,  Epping,  N.  H 
keeps  a  complete  supply  of  our  goods,  an 
Eastern  customers  will  save  freight  by  ordei 
ing   of    him. 

THE   W.    T.    FALCONER   MFG.    CO. 


GrENTS  Wanted ' waThTng^ 

You  can  double  yoiir  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

they  sell  easily.     We  have  sold  over   150,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years.      They 
iheaper  than  ever.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co.,    Jamestown,  N.Y. 


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planned  on 
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You.  cannot 
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Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa. 

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rid. 

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own  method,  fully  explained  In 
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ets,  sent  to  you  for  Itc.  If  you  will  send  names  of  5 
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before  seeing  a  copy  of  THE.  FARM  AND 
REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAX,.  It  contains 
the  largest  list  of  lands  for  sale  of  any 
paper  published  fn  Iowa.  Reaches  30,000 
readers  each  issue,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
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and  the  Homeseekers  that  you  can  ad- 
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TRABR,  TAMA  CO.,  IOWA. 

lO-tf. 


SeasonablI 


Glass  Honey°Packages. 

Anticipating  a  demand  for  honey  jars  and  bot- 
tles we  have  put  in  two  carloads  of  stock  before 
the  summer  shut-down  of  the  glass  factories,  so 
that  we  are  prepared  to  furnish  the  various  jars 
listed  in  our  catalog.  We  -have  also  a  few  odds 
and  ends  of  stock,  such  as  we  formerly  listed, 
which  we  offer,  to  close  out,  as  follows.  We  can- 
not duplicate  these  when  present  stock  is  sold : 

1-lb.  tin-top  tumblers,  No.  789,  6  bbls.  of  200 
each,  at  $-1.50  per  bbl. 

1  l-2.1b.  tin-top  glass  pails.  No.  778,  2  bbls.  of  100 
each,  at  $5.00  per  bbl. 

I.arge  lb.  tin-top  glass  pail,  No.  777,  1  bbl.  of 
150,  $5.00. 

Small  lb.  tin-top  glass  pail.  No.  776.  1  bbl.  of  200, 
$5..50. 

1-lb.  Oaken  Bucket,  tin  top,  with  wire  bale,  1 
bbl.  of  150.  for  $5.00. 

These  prices  are  all  a   dollar   a   barrel  less  than 

we  used  to  sell  these  tumblers  and  pails  at.     We 

have  also  a  little  loose  stock   which  we  will  pack 

and  include  at  the  same  rate. 

Special  Price  on  Tin  Cans. 

We  recently  secured  a  special  bargain  in  half- 
gallon  square  cans.  They  are  choice  bright  stock; 
but  as  the  pattern  differed  slightly  from  the  regu- 
lar one  they  are  now  making,  they  closed  them 
out  at  a  special  price.  We  have  also  an  over- 
stock of  quart  oblong  square  cans.  While  this 
stock  lasts  we  will  make  the  following  prices  for 
shipment  from  Medina  only: 

1-4-gal.  oblong  square  cans  with  1  1-2-inch 
screw,  $5.00  per  100;  $45.00  per  1000. 

1-2-gal.  square  cans  with  1-inch  screws.  $6.00 
per  100. 

1-2-gal.  square  cans  with  1  l-4.inch  screws,  $6.50 
per  100. 

1-2-Eal.  square  cans  with  1 1-2  inch  screws,  $7.00 
per  100. 

In  500  lots,  50c  per  100  less. 

We  have  also  a  good  stock  of  one-  and  five-gal- 
lon cans  at  regular  prices. 

Second=Hand  Five=Gallon   Cans. 

We  have  to  offer  a  quantity  of  second-hand  five- 
gallon  honey  cans  in  good  condition  for  use  again, 
especially  for  amber  or  low  grades  of  honey.    We 


offer  the  best  of  them  at  $4.50  for  10  boxes 
cans  each;  $10.00  for  25  boxes.  We  havi 
which  are  not  so  bright,  and  yet  are  honej 
that  we  will  furnish  at  10  cents  a  box  less, 
boxes  in  which  the  cans  are  shipped  ai 
second-hand,  but  will  be  put  in  good  coi 
when  shipped. 

Wide^Moutb  Mason  Fruit^Jarf 

The  carload  price  on  Mason  fruit  jars  is 
dollar   a  gross  highfer   this   year   than   last 
carried  over  quite  a  large   stock,  which 
sell  at  the  same  prices  as  heretofore— name 

Pint doz.  52c.    6  doz $3.00  12  doz.. 

Quart. .doz.  55c.    6  doz 3.10  12  doz.. 

l-2.gal..doz.  75c.    6  doz.. 4.10  12  doz.. 

Triumph  wrench,  15c  each. 

Ball's  waxed  rings,  5c  per  dozen.  Th 
far  superior  to  rubber  rings  for  fruit  ja 
cheaper. 

In  addition  to  the  regular  style  of  Mas 
we  have  a  stock  of  wide-mouth  special  ^ 
with  3.inch  openings.  These  are  especi 
sirable  for  canning  large  fruit  whole,  or  fc 
ing  chunk  comb  honey.  These  jars  are  o 
quality,  and  cost  $1.65  per  gross  more  t 
regular  pattern.  As  we  do  not  list  them  v 
our  present  stock  at  an  advance  of  10c  pei 
$1.20  per  gross,  on  any  size.  They  have  zi: 
and  rubber  rings.  We  have  no  wax  ring 
right  size  to  fit  these  jars.  They  are  a  1 
at  this  price. 

Caucasian  Queens. 

We  can  spare  a  limited  number  of  in 
Caucasian  queens,  received  direct  from  t! 
breeders  in  Caucasus.    Prices  as  follows: 

Extra  select  Caucasian  imported  queens. 
Select  Caucasian  imported  queen, 
Extra  select  untested   Caucasian-Italian 

queens,  from  Caucasian  mothers  mated 

with  Italian  drones         .... 
Select  untested  Caucasian-Italian  queens, 

from    Caucasian  mothers  mated    with 

Italian  drones         .         . 


Orders    filled 
about  July  15. 


in    rotation.      Delivery 


COMPLETE  CATALOG  ON  REQUEST, 


THE  A.  L  ROOT  COMPA^ 


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MEDINA,   OHIO 

BRANCHES: 

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Homes  in 

Old  Virginia. 

It  is  gradually  brought  to  light 
that  the  Civil  war  has  made  great 
changes,  freed  the  slaves,  ^nd  in 
consequence  has  made  the  large 
land  owners  poor  and  finally  freed 
the  land  from  the  original  owners 
who  would  not  sell  until  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  There  are  some 
of  the  finest  lands  in  the  /narket  at 
very  low  prices,  lands  that  produce 
all  kinds  of  crops,  grasses,  fruits, 
and  berries;  fine  for  stock.  You 
find  green  truck  patches,  such  as 
cabbage,  turnips,  lettuce,  kale, 
spinach,  etc.,  growing  all  the  win- 
ter. The  climate  is  the  best  all  th* 
year  around  to  be  found,  not  too 
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It  circulates  is  Missouri,  Kansas,  N 
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INOTE  the  address— 

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WEST  MAITLAND, 
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The  largest  manufacturers  of  Bee- 
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Pineapples,     Oranges,     Grapefruit. 

ke   a   Specialty   for   Non-Resident   Owners 

and    Intending    Settlers    in    the 
IVELY  LAKE  REGION  OF  SOUTH  FLOR- 
IDA. 

0  per  cent  annual  return  on  investment. 
'ure  air,  pure  water,  no  mosquitoes.  High 
e  and  oak  land,  bordered  by  fresh  water 
es.  suited  to  all  citrus  fruits  and  pine- 
)les.  Good  title.  Time  payments.  Ad- 
ss  for  descriptive  matter,  W.  E.  Pabor, 
inager   Pabor   Lake   Pineries,   Avon   Park, 

tf. 


: 


tent  Wired  Comb  Foundation 

Has  No  Sag  in  Brood  Frames. 
IN       FLAT       BOTTOM       FOUNDATION 
Has   No   Fishbone   in    Surplus   Honey. 

Jeing  the  cleanest  is  usually  worked  the 
ckest  of  any  foundation  made.  The  talk 
ut  wiring  frames  seems  absurd.  We 
nish  a  Wired  Foundation  that  is  Better, 
;aper  and  not  half  the  trouble  to  use  that 

to  wire   brood  frames. 
lirculars  and  sample  free. 

J.  VAN  DEUSEN  &  SONS 

Sole    Manufacturers, 

itgomery      Co.,      Sprout      Brook,      N.      Y. 


■  ■iHia^ 

Real  Estate  Wanted    " 


To  supply  the  wants  of  Cash  Buyers  erery- 
where.  Their  names  and  addre.sses  are 
given  in  full  each  month  in  our  clean,  in- 
teresting family  magazine.  Sample  copy 
.25,  which  will  be  deducted  from  yearly 
subscription  price  of  f  1.  if  you  choose  to  sub- 
scribe. The  first  issue  may  find  you  a  buyer 
and  save  you  a  middleman's  commission. 


I 


U.  S.  Real  Estate  Journal 

131      W.  Brighton  Ave.,  Steacosk,  N.  T. 

I  ■  I  Bll  ■ 


^ 


CAVEATS,  TRADE  MARKS, 
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,L.  U.  UluULnU,WASHINGTbN,'D.  c! 

n'    Tf    If,    BING-HAI 
"'—'■J     has    made   all    tlio   im- 
'  provemtuits  in 

Bee  Smokers  and 
Honey  Knives 

made  in  ihe   last  20  years,  undoubtedly 
he  makes  the  best  on  earth. 

Smoke  Engine,   4  inch  stove,   none  too  largt.  sent 

postpaid,  per  mail $1 . 50 

3!^  inch 1.10 

Knife,  80  cents.  3  inch 1.00 

2^  inch 90 

r.  F.Bingham,  ?i°^''w-y-,--   -12 

_  ..    .«.    .  Little  Wonder,  2  in.     .65 

Farwell,  Mich. 


PHOTOGRAPHS 

Scenic  Productions  and  NOVEL 
DESIGNS  are  our  specialties 
Many  Northern  Publishers  are 
using  our  half-tone  copy.  Most 
extensive  publishers  of  Florida 
views  on  the  Florida  Coast. 


Florida      Photographic    Concern,  g 
Fort  Pierce       -        -        Florida.  S 

.K9:e3»:e:e»»:e:8:8:B:A:«»xft:ft:8:8:e:93:85 


I  SELL 


Honey,  Bees,  Land  and  Lumber 


THOS.WORTHINGTON. 


LEOTA,  MISS. 


, 


STANDARD   BRED  QUEENS. 

BUCKEYE    STRAIN    RED    CLOVER.        GOLDEN    ITALIANS 
By  Raturn  Mall.      Saf*  Arrival  Guarantaad. 

PR.IOS1S.  ONt  SIX  T 

Untested  SO. 75  S4.00  S7. 

Select  Untested 1.00  5.00  9 

Tested  1.50  8  00  15. 

Select  Tested ^   ...   .     2.00  10  00  18.^ 

Select  Breeders,  each $3.00 

Two-frame  Nucleus  and  Red  Clever  Queen   ■  ■  .     3.00 

THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO., 

No.  51  WALNUT  ST.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 


d. 

SIX 

^^H 

$4.00 

$7.50 

5.00 

9  00 

8  00 

15.00 

10  00 

18.00 

►^^M-M-^-^-f^l 


QUEENS  AND  BEES 


Have  you  ever  triedinin  (jiieens?  If  not,  I  should  be  glad  to 
have  you  do  so,  as  they  are  as  GOOD  AS  MONEY  OAN  BUY, 
AND  I  GUARANTEE  PERFECT  SATISFACEION. 

I    have    three-banded  Italian,  Golden,  Cyprians,  Carniolans, 
Holy  Lands  and  Albinos.   Untested,  either  race,  75  cents  each. 
Tested,  $1.50  each.    Breeders,  .$3.00.     Contracts   made  for  large 
orders.     Tvs^o-framed  nuclei  a  specialtv. 
l-5tf 
L— 5  tf.  B.   H.   STANLEY,  BEEVILLE,       TEXAS. 


--M-f-f-M-'f-M-^-f^-f^^^-*-*-' 


-^>^<f| 


Ahead  of  Shook=Swarniinj 


The  March  Review  is  now  in  process  of 
preparation,  and  will  be  out  abovit  the  mid- 
dle of  the  month.  One  article  in  this  issue 
win  be  by  H.  G.  Sibbald  of  Canada,  and  he 
will  describe  a  new  system  of  manag^ement 
that  promises  to  be  away  ahead  of  shook- 
swarmlng.  It  has  these  advantages:  No 
shaking  of  the  bees;  no  handling  of  the 
brood;  no  possibility  of  the  queen  being  in 
the  wrong  hive;  no  danger  of  after-swarm- 
ing; no  increase  unless  desired  (but  easy  to 
secure  If  wanted);  no  queen  cells  to  hunt  up 
and  destroy;  yet  the  whole  force  of  bees  may 
be  kept  together  the  whole  season,  and  each 
colony  ma>  be  requi-ened  with  a  queen  from 
a  naturally  built  ceU. 


This  is  only  a  single  article  In  one  issue 
tlie  Review,  but  it  is  a  fair  sample  of  wh 
you  are  losing  if  you  don't  read  the  Revic 
and  of  what  you  will  gain  if  you  read 
Send  $1  for  the  Review  for  1905;  or  if  7' 
prefer,  you  can  send  ten  cents,  and  wh' 
the  March  issue  is  out  it  will  be  sent„ 
you.  and  the  ten  cents  may  apply  on  £tl 
subscription  sent  in  during  the  year. 


W.  Z.  Hutchinson, 

Flint,  Mict 


Vol.  XV 


OCTOBER,   1905. 


No.  10 


mot  Bll  tbe  Uime. 


^[\  OU  can't  be  happy  all  the  time, 
,|j^     Some    gloom    must    blight    your 

days, 
Unhappiness  assails  you  in 

A  hundred   different  ways, 
The  glory  of  the  sunshine  fades 

When   clouds   come   in  between, 
And  dreary  winter  steals  from  earth 

Her  cheery  garb  of  green. 


You  can't  be  happy  all  the  time, 

But  you  can  always  strive 
To   keep   the   tiny,   glowing  spark 

Of  joyfulness  alive — 
The   sun  retains  its  brilliancy 

Behind  the  screening  cloud; 
The  blade  of  grass  abides  its  time 

To  spring  up,  green  and  round. 


You  can't  be  happy  all  the  time — 

Some  wretchedness  and  woe 
Will  bring  you  grief  and  weariness 

As  through  this  life  you  go — 
But  struggle  on  and  do  your  best; 

The   luck   will   surely  turn; 
Then  let  the  flame  of  hope  and  joy 

In  all  its  splendor  burn. 

— Grand   Rapids    Herald. 


ipb  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  Octobef); 

THE  HONEY  PRODUCERS'  LEAGUE. 


Something  of  the  Peculiarities  Chatacteristic  of  That  Unique 

Organization.  ler- 


By  N.  B.  K.  A.  MEMBER. 


THE   HONEY   Producers'   League  and  "I  believe  the  time  has  come  f( 

has  made  quite  a  stir  among  bee-  this  association  to  spend  perhaps  tl 

keepers  and  its  sponsors  are  diligent-  greater    amount    of   money   it   has   1 

ly    tr3^ing    to    increase    its    popularity  spend  in  trying  to  inform  the  publ 

and  size.     Perhaps  they  will  be  prop-  as  to  the  matter  of  honey,  its  qu^iii 

erly  grateful  for  more   publicity,  and  and  all  that  sort  of  thing.    The  thmi 

in  an  endeavor  to  supply  this  we  sub-  you  want  people  to  know." 

join  a  little  history  of  the  movement,  Mr.  E.  R.  Root  said:    "I  would  sui 

and  some  other  things.  gest  that  the    Board   of  Directors  1 

For  some  years  there  has  been  more  "^'^i  to   set     aside   a   certam     fun 

or  less   talk  and  effort   among  mem-  ^hich  can  be  used  to  pay  some  cot 

bers  of  the  National  Bee-Keepers'  As-  Petent  person  not.  only  to  get  retra 

sociation  to  have  that  body  take  some  tions,  but  to  write  interesting  and  on 

action  to  increase  the  consumption  of  mal  articles  for  magazines  wnich  c 

honey      and      obtain      and       enforce  [^ctly   and    indirectly   tell    how    con 

laws      against      the      sale      of      adul-  honey    is    produced     and    which    w 

terated        honeys.         In        pursuance  ^how    conclusively    that    there    .s    i 

of  these  objects  the  matter  was  brought  such    thing   as    the    manufactured   a 

before  the  meeting  of  the  association  tide    so    much    hawked    about   in   t. 

in   St.    Louis   in    1904.      At   that   time  papers. 

Mr.  York  said:    "In  my  humble  opin-  "I"  this  association  we  have  a  nut 

ion    the    N.    B.    K.    A.    can    undertake  ber  of  men  who  are  penectly  comp 

and  continue  an  advertising  campaign  tent  to  do  this  work  under  the  dire 

to    increase    the    general    demand    for  tion    of   the    Board   of   Directors, 

honey  better  than  any  other  organiza-  is  not  enough  that  the  articles  be  wr 

tion,  firm  or  individual.  *****"  ten,    but    that    a    representative    frc 

"I  have  believed  for  many  years  that  the  association  itself  be  sent  direct 

the  reason  why  the  price  of  honey  is  offending  publisher  or  editor,  and  e 

so  low  is  because  of  the  unequal  dis-  plam  to  him  the  facts  *  *  *  *    The  ( 

tribution    and    under-consumption."  ficers  of  this  association  are  now  sc 

"I  believe  the  only  way  to  nail  that  tered  all  over  the  United  States;  ai 

lie  (manufactured  comb  honey)  is  for  the    board    of    directors    could,    at 

our  N.  B.  K.  A.  to  advertise— give  the  very    small    expense,    send    one    su. 

public      the   facts     about   honey     for  officer   to    the    paper   publishing   su( 

awhile  "  ^i^'    '^"*^'   i^  possible,   secure   a  retra 

"Further,  I  would  have  our  Nation-  tion  and  correction." 

al    Association    urge    bee-keepers    ev-  Mr.  Abbott  moved  for  a  "press  coi 

erywhere  to  endeavor  to  get  their  lo-  mittee"    of   fifteen    to    look    after   t 

cal    newspapers    to    publish    informa-  publication  in  the  public  press  ff  ma 

tion."  ter  pertaining  to  honey.     Mr.  Dada  "*! 

"The      association      could      prepare  said  he  believed  it  "advisable  to  ha  '';*' 

such  matter,  etc."  the  editors  of  all  the  bee  journals    ""^ 

"It  is  possible  that  a  final  and  sat-  the    United    States    on    that    comm  * 

isfactory    solution   of   the    advertising  tee."                                                              !}" 

of  honey  by  the  National  Association  Mr.    Root   said:      "I   would  like     '" 

may  include  an  association  brand."  make  a  suggestion  and  that  is,  that  t 

"In    conclusion,    I    want   to    urge    a  editors  of  the  bee  journals  be  left  o 

thorough  discussion  of  the  advertising  of  that  committee.    There  is  no  dou 

of  honey.    It  is  worthy  the  best  brain  but    what    the    editors    will    do    thify 

in  our  ranks."  part;   they   are   very   much   interest 

Dr.  Miller  said  the  association  needs  in   this    question;     but   include    oth 

a  larger  membership  to  do  the  work  men.    What  we  want  is  to  give  the 


licl 


JOS.  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  197 


Ihings  a  good  hammering  from  difftjr-  company  or  association  to  one  share 

I  nt  sources."  for  the  company  or  association,  and  an 

After  a  short  debate  the  association  additional  share  for  every  twenty-five 

t;irted  this   work  bj-  voting  to  have  members    thereafter.       Place    the    par 

1'     directors    prepare    ^    circular    on  value  at  $ioo  per  share,  and  the  yot- 

oney  and  furnish  copies  free  to  mem-  ing  will  be  done  by  these  associations 

ers  of  the  association  for  distribution  or  companies  governed  by  a  vote  to 

y  them.  each  share.      In  this  way  we  can  al- 

!     There    arose   a    question   as    to    the  ways    keep     the    management    within 

esirability    of    incorporating-    the    as-  our  own  control.     No  one  person,     or 

ociation   that  it  might   have   a   legal  for  that  matter  a  few,  can  buy  up  the 

landing  in  its  efforts  to  fight  slander-  controlling    interest    in    the    associa- 

us  stories  relating  to  honey  produ:-  tion.    ***** 

on,  and  Messrs.  Abbott,  Hersh'sher,  "Another  thing,  this  convention  in 
'ranee,  Benton,  and  AFiUer  were  made  Denver  two  years  ago  appointed  a 
committee  on  this  subject.  Later,  committee,  and  I  was  one  member  of 
ley  reported  as  follows  it,  to  draw  up  plans  by  which  an  as- 
Mr.  ♦Abbott.  "Mr.  Chairman,  the  sociation  of  this  kind  might  be  formed, 
jmmittee  on  incorporation  has  look-  It  is  a  fact  that  that  committee  did  go 
1  the  matter  over  carefully  and  they  out  and  report  at  our  last  convention 
in  simply  ask  for  more  time  and  they  in  Los  Angeles  and  the  committee  was 
;sire  that  the  committee  be  continued  appointed  again,  of  which  I  was  made 
iitil  the  next  annual  meeting,  when  chairman,  and  I  say  it  is  proper  at 
ley  will  be  prepared  to  present  a  this  time  and  in  this  place  for  this 
lorough  report.  This  matter  is  of  thing  to  be  brought  up.  It  is  not  nec- 
tal  importance  and  should  not  be  essary  for  this  association  to  be  cqn- 
3ne  hastily."  verted  into  this;  it  is  not  the  in- 
"On  motion  of  Mr.  York,  seconded  tention  that  it  should  be  so;  but  this 
{  Mr.  Hyde,  the  special  committee  is  the  place  for  us  to  take  up  this  mat- 
1  incorporation  was  made  a  per-  ter  and  protect  ourselves  against  this 
anent  committee  to  report  at  the  gigantic  honey  concern,  this  combina- 
;xt  annual  meeting."  _  tion  that  is  combining  and  is  crushing 
Following  this  Mr.  Brown,  of  Cali-  the  life  out  of  the  honey  market.  Now 
irnia,  addressed  the  meeting  on  "The  I  know  whereof  I  speak  when  I  speak 
ollective  Disposal  of  our  Product,"  about  this  formation  and  I  can  put 
which  he  advocated  the  formation  my  finger  on  them,  I  can  tell  you  ex- 
:  a  stock  company,  owned  and  con-  actly  who  these  people  are.  It  is  not 
oiled  by  honey  producers,  to  buy  well  for  me  to  give  it  out  to  the  pub- 
id  sell  honey  and  handle  it  on  com-  He  and  have  it  go  into  the  press  as  to 
ission.  Among  other  things  he  said:  who  these  people  are  but  they  do  ex- 
jive  them  (the  directors)  power  to  ist;  they  do  control  afifairs;  they  do 
3en  a  central  office,  in  which  their  control  our  honey  market  today  and 
anager  will  receive  from  local  or-  the  thing  for  us  to  do  is  to  organize 
mizations,  crop  reports,  samples  of  and  meet  these  things  with  organiza- 
Dney,  amounts  ready  for  shipment,  tion,  and  I  say  it  is  properly  in  place 
id  correspondence  of  every  nature  before  this  convention.  This  matter 
at  will  be  directed  to  a  business  of  comes  up  today  right  in  perfect  line 
lis  sort.  Then  let  the  smaller,  or  with  our  work.  Let  us  lend  a  helping 
cal  organizations,  with  which  the  hand  to  this  new  organization,  and  let 
)untry  is  already  well  covered,  use  it  not  interfere  in  any  way  with  this 
lis  general,  or  National  Honey  Pro-  association." 

acers'   Association  for  their  market.  On  motion  the  president  appointed 

his  will  make  a   gigantic  brokerage  a    temporary      committee    of   five     to 

•^steni  within  our  own  ranks,  one  in  name   the   first   five   directors   for   the 

hich  one  and  all  can  trust.     Then  it  formation   of  a   national   organization 

ill    come    to    pass    that    we    will    be  for  the  disposal  of  honey.    Before  this 

e  market,  we  will  be  the  head  and  committee  was  appointed  Mr.  France 

Dt    the    tail.       We    will    be    able    to  addressed    the    meeting    and    said    in 

lote  a  living  price  for  our  product,  part;      "This   association   can  help  to 

id  realize  as  much.     *****     Xhe  check  largely  this  cry  about  the  adul- 

ganization   should  be  a  stock  com-  teration  of  honey,  either  extracted  or 

iny,  place  the  capital  stock  at  $50,-  manufactured     as  it  was  claimed     in 

0,  and  sell  only  to  organized  compa-  comb,  but  I  can't  do  it  alone.     *  *  * 

es  and  associations.    Limit  each  such  You  have  stood  by  the  association  in 


1 98 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEiPER. 


October 


her  days  of  need  and  in  a  financial 
way.  It  looks  now  as  if  ft  were  on 
a  basis  of  permanency.  *****  I 
don't  believe  this  association  wants  a 
big  amount  of  money  lying  idle,  but 
I  do  want  to  see  this  association  have 
a  treasury  we  can  fall  back  upon  to 
spread  educational  literature  abroad." 
The  president  appointed  the  follow- 
ing persons  temporary  committee:  F. 
E  Brown,  California;  H.  S.  Ferry, 
New  York;  E.  E.  Pressler,  Pennsyl- 
vania; J.  Q.  Smith,  Illinois,  and  E.  S. 
Lovesy,  Utah. 

When  this  committee  assembled  one 
member  said:  "Gentlemen,  I  think 
we  should  select  men  of  good  financial 
standing  and  influence  in  the  National 
to  act  as  the  first  five  directors,  and  I 
would  suggest  Messrs.  E.  R.  Root,  G. 
W  York,  W.  Z.  Hutchinson,  Dr.  C. 
C.  Miller  and  N.  E.  France."  Mr. 
Pressler  at  once  objected  and  said: 
"There  is  really  only  one  man  in  your 
list  who  is  a  practical  honey-producer. 
While  I  have  no  personal  objections 
to  the  names  mentioned,  yet  I  would 
vote  but  for  that  one."  Mr.  H.  S.  Ferry 
seeing  "the  handwriting  on  the  wall," 
says:  "This  is  a  very  important  step 
the  National  has  undertaken  and  I 
am  in  favor  of  going  to  dinner  and  take 
the  matter  up  with  a  full  stomach," 
which  met  the  approval  of  all. 

On  re-assembling,  the  following 
honey  producers  were  chosen  to  serve 
as  the  first  five  (5)  directors  of  the 
National  Honey  Producers'  Associa- 
tion of  America:  F.  E.  Brown,  Cal- 
ifornia, chairman;  N.  E.  France,  Wis- 
consin; J.  W.  Harris,  Col.  W.  L.  Cogg- 
shall  and  H.  S.  Ferry,  New  York, 
which  the  committee  so  reported  to 
the  session.  When  the  report  was  call- 
ed for  by  the  president  and  read  by 
Mr.  E.  E.  Pressler,  there  was  a  sud- 
den commotion  and  whispering  among 
the  persons  whose  names  were  first 
suggested  but  the  report  was  unani- 
mously adopted  by  a  vote  of  the  N.  B. 
K.  A.  and  the  committee  discharged. 

This  Board  of  Directors  organized 
and  started  the  preliminary  steps  for 
the  formation  and  incorporation  of  the 
Honey  Producers'  Exchange  of  Amer- 
ica, and  before  the  final  adjournment 
of  the  National  Association  thirty  men 
had  subscribed  for  stock. 

This  list  and  some  other  papers 
were  turned  over  to  one  of  the  direct- 
ors that  he  might  secure  further  sub- 
scribers, his  work  taking  him  among 
the  bee-keepers. 


»g' 


Later,  some  other  directors  sent  fo 
these  papers.  But  repeated  request 
for  their  return  failed  to  bring  then 
until  about  the  last  of  March  the; 
were  returned,  but  in  the  meantim 
the  League  was  formed  with  one  0 
these  directors  as  an  officer.  Partic 
ulars  of  this  will  be  found  farther  on 
From  the  foregoing  it  will  be  see: 
that  the  leading  members  of  the  as 
sociation  advocated  and  urged  th 
body  to  adopt  a  campaign  of  advei 
tising  and  education,  a  policy  at  one 
progressive  and  aggressive;  that  th 
association  adopted  such  a  policy 
that  it  created  the  necessary  commil 
tees  to  put  this  policy  into  execution 
and  in  order  that  everything  shoul 
be  done  thoroughly  and  carefully  : 
left  the  matter  of  incorporation  to 
committee  to  be  reported  on  after  . 
year's  consideration,  and  made  th 
other  committees  permanent. 

Furthermore,  as  a  part  of  this  pre 
gressive  policy,  the  association  pre 
ceeded  in  another  manner  to  protec 
the  honey  producers  by  starting  th 
formation  of  a  co-operative  compari 
to  handle  the  products  of  the  sai 
producers  and  to  supply  them  wit 
such  merchandise  as  they  need  i 
their  business.  They  called  this  con 
pany  the  "National  Honey  Producer 
Association  of  America."  Thus  fa 
everything  seems  direct  and  is  a  ma 
ter  of  record,  though  unknown  to  fe 
outside  the  membership,  the  pre; 
committee  not  yet  having  produce 
visible  results. 

The  meeting  where  all  these  a; 
tions  were  taken  was  held  in  St.  Loui 
September  27,  to  30,  1904- 

The  next  bit  of  history  is  embodie 
in  the  following:  In  Chicago  on  Marc 
14  and  15,  1905,  there  was  formed  a 
organization  known  as  The  Hone 
Producers'  League.  Note  the  nam 
Heretofore,  until  the  action  at  S 
Louis,  everything  has  been  designate 
as  a  "bee-keepers'  "  this  or  that.  Tri 
secret  and  precipitate  m;iiiner  of  i 
formation,  and  the  reasons  given  then 
for  are  all  matters  of  public  knowledge 
but  it  may  be  well,  by  way  of  eir 
phasis  to  refer  here  to  a  few  of  th 
statements  given  in  the  League's  pro 
pectus  and  constitution  and  quel 
some  parts  thereof.  The  prospectu 
opens  with:  "A  crisis  has  been  reache 
in  bee-keeping.  The  time  is  now  her 
when  bee-keepers  must  band  togetV 
er,  as  never  before,  fight  an  insidiou 
foe,  and  cope  with  the  conditions  c 
modern  times,"  which  implies  that  thi 


|t( 


Tb 


lilt 


if 


i 


1905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


199 


s  an  original  idea.  Further  on,  we 
lave:  "Three  or  four  o.i:  us  began 
ecently  to  discuss  this  question,  pri- 
ately,  by  mail,  and  we  decided  to  act 
romptly,  to  the  extent  of  summoning 
some  by  telephone  and  telegraph)  Lo 

conference  in  Chicago,  some  eight 
')r  fen  representative  manufacturers, 
lealers,  publishers  and  honey  produc- 
es." Only  three  honey  producers  in 
111    bunch  of  eight  or  ten  men. 

The  constitution  of  the  League  says: 
It-  objects  shall  be  to  create  a  larger 
kmand  for  honey  by  popularizing  its 
ISC  among  the  consuming  public 
h rough  advertising  in  newspapers  and 
nagazines  its  great  value  as  a  food, 
ml  by  such  other  methods  as  may 
■e  considered  advisable  oy  the  exec- 
itive  board.  Also  by  publicati'  n  of 
acts  concerning  the  I'voduction  of 
loney  to  counteract  any  misrepre- 
entation  of  the  same,"  which  is  exact- 
^  what  the  National  Association  had 
ndertaken.  Next  we  find:  "Any 
oney  dealer,  bee-supply  dealer,  bee- 
upply  manufacturer,  bee-paper  pub- 
sher,  or  any  other  ?i'ni  or  individual, 
lay  become  a  member  on  the  annual 
ayment  of  a  fee  of  $10.00,  increased 
y  one-fifth  of  one  (i)  per  cent  of  his 
r  its  capital  used  in  the  allied  inter- 
sts  of  bee-keeping." 
1  And  yet  it  is  called  a  Honey  Fro- 
ucers'  League! 

This  League  is  governed  by  an  "Ex- 
cutive  Board"  in  which  unlimited 
ower  is  vested.  It  consists  of  seven 
lembers.  It  elects  from  its  members 
ve  officers.  These  officers  are  ac- 
ountable  only  to  the  board,  i.  e.,  to 
hemselves.  Ballots  for  the  election 
f  the  board  are  to  be  sent  out  be- 
ween  the  ist  and  5th  of  March  each 
ear  and  returned  before  noon  April 
t.  Again  we  quote:  "The  duties 
f  the  manager  shall  be  to  conduct 
le  actual  business  of  the  League  as 
irected  by  the  executive  board;  to 
eep  a  list  of  the  membership;  to 
ccount  for  all  moneys  received,  and 
irn  same  over  to  the  treasurer,  tak- 
ig  his  receipt  therefor;  to  prepare 
id  mail  in  March  of  each  year,  to  the 
lembership  an  annual  report  con- 
lining  a  financial  statement,  and  such 
ther  matters  as  would  be  of  inter- 
>t  to  all  concerned,  including  all  bal- 
•ts  and  amendments.  *  *  "  Take 
ote  that  the  manager  is  to  send  out 

"financial  statement."    No  provision 

made  for  its  being  complete  or  ex- 
austive.  He  is  to  report  "such  other 
patters  as  would  be  of  interest,  etc" 


How  full  is  this  to  be?  He  is  to  pre- 
pare and  mail  this  in  March.  As  the 
polls  close  April  ist,  and  as  no  spe- 
cial provision  to  the  contrary  is  made 
the  fiscal  year  must  close  then  or  prac- 
tically March  31st,  the  last  day  on 
which  the  manager  can  mail  his  re- 
port, and  the  only  time  on  which  he 
can  render  a  report  for  the  full  bus- 
iness year.  This  means  that  the  mem- 
bership can  not  receive  it  in  time  to 
affect  their  ballots. 

Much  stress  is  laid  on  the  clause 
that  no  salary  shall  be  paid  any  of- 
ficer of  the  league.  How  long  since 
has  humanity  reached  that  Utopian 
stage  where  capable  men  will  give 
of  their  time  for  the  commercial  bene- 
fit of  their  fellows,  without  compensa- 
tion therefor? 

This  League  is  to  operate  by  ad- 
vertising and  "by  publication  of  facts 
concerning  the  production  of  honey." 
This,  under  the  constitution,  can  be 
paid  for;  the  board  may  pay  whom 
they  please  what  they  please  for  this 
service,  and  we  see  where  they  may 
compensate  themselves  if  they  choose. 
But  the  most  astounding  thing  about 
this  remarkable  constitution  is  this 
clause:  "This  Constitution  may  Lc 
amended  by  a  two-thirdb  vote  of  the 
membership  at  any  regular  election, 
provided  such  proposed  amendment  be 
first  submitted  to  the  executive  board 
and  approved  by  it." 

This  board  created  iLtclf,  may  con- 
trol the  election  of  its  successors,  is 
accountable  only  to  itself,  formulated 
the  laws  for  its  owti  gO\r»rnnient,  asks 
the  money  and  support  of  the  public 
and  then  substantially  says:  "You  can 
not  say  how  j'cnr  money  shall  be 
spent,  nor  chmge  these  lav/s  without 
it  suits  our  pleasure." 

In  explanation  of  the  formation  of 
this  League  they  say  in  part:  "Natural- 
ly, the  first  question  asked  will  be- 
'Why  form  a  new  organization,  when 
the  constitution  of  the  National  al- 
lows the  use  of  its  funds  for  such 
work?'  Principally,  because  the  Na- 
tional has  not  enough  money  at  its 
command  to  do  the  work  effectively, 
and  it  could  not  raise  enough  without 
a  change  in  its  constitution,  as,  at  pres- 
ent, only  one  extra  assessment  of  $1.00 
per  member  can  be  made  each  year, 
while  the  work  of  advertising,  to  be 
effective,  requires  thousands  of  dol- 
lars at  once."  Not  a  word  said  about 
the  National  Association  having  en- 
tered upon  the  work. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


October, 


According  to  the  report  of  the 
treasurer  of  the  National  Association 
there  was  in  its  treasury  then  some 
$1,115  and  it  has  two  thousand  mem- 
bers from  whom  it  could  raise  $2,000 
at  once. 

How  many  thousands  has  this  League 
raised  and  spent  on  advertising?  What 
has  it  done  that  National's  committees 
would  not  have  done  if  this  new  con- 
cern had  not  butted  in?  Who  ever 
heard  of  a  campaign  of  education  of  a 
nation  being  accomplished  in  a  few 
months  with  a  few  thousand  dollars, 
and  yet  thatjs  what  they  implied  they 
were  to  do,  for  they  said:  "A  large 
share  of  last  year's  honey  crop  is  still 
unsold,  while  the  market  is  practical- 
ly dead,  as  is  easily  shown  by  refer- 
ence to  the  market  reports.  The  crop 
of  the  coming  season  will  soon  be  here, 
and,  should  it  prove  a  bountiful  one, 
with  last  year's  crop  still  unsold, 
where  will  prices  go  then?"  And  a 
little  farther  on  they  say:  "Before 
adjourning  it  was  resolved  to  do  no 
general  advertising  until  there  is  at 
least  $5,000  in  the  hands  of  the  treas- 
urer." Decidedly  inconsistent.  We 
must  look  elsewhere  than  in  their  ex- 
planations for  the  cause  of  their  pre- 
cipitate action.  Here  is  a  list  of  the 
members  of  the  executive  board:  Dr. 
C.  C.  Miller,  W.  Z.  Hutchinson,  Ar- 
thur L.  Boyden,  George  W.  York,  C. 
P.  Dadant,  N.  E.  France  and  George 
C.  Lewis,  and  the  officers  elected  by 
this  board  are;  President,  Dr  C.  C. 
Miller;  vice-president,  George  C. 
Lewis;  secretary,  W.  Z.  Hutchinson; 
treasurer,  Arthur  L.  Boyden;  manager, 
George  W.  York.  Compare  these 
names  with  those  of  the  speakers 
quoted  at  the  beginning  of  this  ar- 
ticle and  with  the  officers  and  commit- 
tees of  the  National 

Now  these  gentlemen  had  a  perfect 
legal  right  to  form  any  sort  of  a  com- 
pany they  chose,  name  it  about  as 
they  pleased,  and  invite  the  support 
of  the  masses.  But  several  of  them 
had  no  moral  right  to  do  as  they 
have  done  after  what  they  said  and  did 
at  the  meeting  of  the  National  Asso- 
ciation, and  particularly  after  that  as- 
sociation— of  which  some  of  them  are 
its  officers  and  servants — had  taken 
formal  and  proper  steps  to  do  the  very 
thing  the  League  claims  it  is  to  do. 
Having  asked  the  support  of  the  pub- 
lic they  will  be  scrutinized  by  the 
public.  Being  members  and  officers 
of  the  National  Association,  whose 
trust   they   appear   to   have   betrayed, 


other  members  of  that  association  an 
going  to  hold  them  accountable  an( 
they  will  be  called  upon  to  answe 
some   very   pertinent    questions. 

Some  of  these  men  ar^directly  in 
terested  in  the  supply  trade;  and  it  i 
vital  to  their  interests  to  have  a  con 
trolling  hand  in  the  literature  of_th< 
business.  Others  are  dealers  and  job 
bers  in  honey,  and  naturally  they,  toe 
look  askance  at  the  plain  producer' 
presuming  to  control  their  own  aflfairs 
Some  are  interested  in  advertisini 
agencies,  and  have  an  eye  for  bus 
iness.  Some  are  publishers  and  find  i 
essential  to  their  best  interests  to  b 
able  to  "be  on  the  inside."  Some  ar 
inspectors  of  apiaries  in  which  posi 
tion  they  wield  a  powerful  infiuencf 
In  all  essential  things  each  support 
the  other.  So  long  and  so  noticeabl; 
has  this  condition  existed  that  bee 
keepers  refer  to  the  group  as  "th 
ring." 

It     is    perfectly     proper    for      thes 
friends  to  assist  each  other  in  any  le| 
gitimate  and  open  way,  but  to  do  s  p 
at  the  expense  of  the  honey  producer  . 
is    something   about   which   the   latte 
are  going  to  have  something  to  say. 

They  claim  to  be  acting  for  the  goo 
of  the  bee-keepers  at  large,  but  woul 
it  not  be  more  seemly  to  wait  unt 
these  bee-keepers  asked  them  to  act 
Yes,  the  Association  asked  and  direc 
ed  some  of  them  to  act  and  define 
what  they  were  to  do  and  now  merr 
bers  of  that  Association  want  tol  kno^ 
why  they  took  it  upon  themselves  t 
try  to  forestall  the  Association  plar 
They  also  want  to  know  why  thislii 
tie  group  of  men  consider  their  unite 
opinion  in  Chicago  superior  to  thei 
opinion  and  that  of  the  bee-keeper 
assembled  at  the  St.  Louis  meetinj 
There  are  a  lot  of  other  things  meir 
bers  of  the  Association  want  to''  kno> 
and  they  are  going  to  come  pretty  nea 
finding  out. 

The  time  has  arrived  when  the  hone, 
producers  are  going  to  manage  thei 
own  affairs  and  they  are  going  to  sa; 
to  all  others,  "Keep  of?  and  keep  otji 
When  we  want  your  goods  we  wil 
buy  and  pay  for  them,  and  when  yo 
want  ours  we  will  sell  them  to  yov 
but  we  will  have  no  entangling  alji 
ances." 


Bees  hate  the  electric  wires,  an( 
there  are  well  authenticated  cases  o 
a  swarm  of  bees  altering  their  fligh 
to  avoid  adjacency  to  the  lines. — Lon 
don   Globe. 


ley 
103 


1905- 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


201 


BEE  CULTURE  IN  JAPAN.  second   is   "The   Honey   Bee,"  Tokio. 
First  edition  in  1896  and  third  edition 

By  Burton  N.  Gates.  j"  '??^:  ^*. ''  ^  ^''F'''^  ^°""'^'  ^^^^^^rated 

booklet  of  seventy-four  pages,  selling 

APAN,  of  late,  has  shown  marked  at  twenty  sen  or  ten  cents.     (This  is 

interest  in  bee-keeping.     The  in-  quite  a  contrast  to  the  price  of  Anieri- 

ustry   as   practiced    formerly   by   the  can  or   English  bee-literature.) 

atives    was    not    particularly    profita-  From  a  brief  abstract  of  the  work, 

Te;  but  now  measures  are  being  tak-  the     author    appears     well    versed     in 

n  to  make  bee-keeping  both  pleasur-  Western   methods.      While   he   claims 

ble  and  profitable.     The  progress  of  not  to  translate  the  work  of  Western 

he    West    is    being    investigated    and  authors,    he    has    evidently      followed 

atterned  after.  closely  their  thought.   The  illustrations 

In  Japan,  the  center  of  this  advance-  are  also  Western  devices,  such  as  ex- 
tent has  been  Tokio,  where  a  school  tractors,  honey  knives,  hives  and  so 
nd  association  for  the  promotion  of  on.  In  his  chapter  on  diseases,  while 
ee-culture,  have  been  established.    In  he  does  not  mention  any  Western  au- 


le  school  girls 
aiefly  are  instruc- 
d,  the  purpose 
sing  to  give  to 
le  women  a  light 
aft  which  they 
in  apply  while  the 
len  are  busy  with 
le  more  laborious 
ork  of  farming, 
s  an  industry  in 
self,  bee-keeping 
not  especially  ad- 
sed. 

The  association 
lentioned  (proba- 
y  a  part  of  the 
hool)  has  been 
Ding  great  work 
I  promoting  the 
•t  of  bee-keeping. 

translation  of  an 
dvertisement 
ads  :  "  This  as- 
)ciation  is  trying 

enlist  members 
the  study  of 
)icultural  meth- 
Is  as  a  side-bus- 
less  for  farmers  and  women 
)urse  is  to  be  completed  in  three  flowers 
lonths.      Membership,    i   yen  and  20    round. 


K.  AWAYAGAI.  Tokio.  Japan. 

The    able    in     Japan 


thor,  the  writer 
shows  his  familiar- 
ity with  recent  bac- 
teriological and 
medicinal  investi- 
gations. 

In  his  preface  he 
says  that  the  book 
is  the  result  of  his 
personal  e  x  p  e  r  i  - 
ence  of  many  years 
"  based  on  the  in- 
vestigations of  oth- 
ers and  supple- 
mented by  the  the- 
ories of  Western 
authorities."  The 
work  does  not  at- 
tempt to  be  ex- 
haustive or  techni- 
cal, but  to  meet 
especially  the 
needs  of  farmers. 

In  his  introduc- 
tion, the  writer 
further  says,  in 
substance,  that 
"  bee-keeping  i  s 
particularly  profit- 
because   of    the   many 


which     bloom     all     the     year 
Anywhere     ten       to      twenty 

n  (or  60  cents.)    Members  can  study  hives    may     be     supported;     while     in 

home;    printed      lectures    by      K.  the    mountains,    as    many     as    a     hun- 

wayagai,  assisted  by  others  of  prac-  dred  are  of  profit.    The  honey  may  be 

cal  experience  will  be  sent  out.  Mem-  used  instead  of  sugar  (all  of  w^hich  has 

rs  can  secure  queens  at  half  price,  to    be    imported    at    considerable    ex- 

Jueens  kept  by  the  association  have  pense.)     There  need  be  no  anxiety  of 

.en    selected    and    tested    for    years,  an  overproduction  of  honey  in  Japan, 

hey  are   of  good  habit  and  easy  to  The    market    shows    considerable    de- 

.anage.)     Members  can  also  dispose  mand  for  honey  at  an  excellent  price. 

:  their  bees,  wax  and  honey  through  (What  this  is,  we  have  no  statement). 

le  association."  The  avenues  of  use  will  increase,  not 

We  have  learned  of  two  works  pub-  decrease." 

shed  by  this  association  and  written  In  brief  the  table  of  contents  is: 

r    K.     Awayagai.      One    is    entitled  i.     Introduction, 

ivening  Talks  on  Bee-culture."    The  2.     Nature  of  the  Honey-bee  (char- 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


October 


acteristics  and  natural   history). 

3.  Growth  and  development  of  the 
larvae. 

4.  The  cells:  kinds,  etc. 

5.  The  swarm. 

6.  The  Bee-yard 

7.  The  hive. 

8.  Management. 

9.  (a)     Taking  the  honey, 
(b).      Rendering  the  wax. 

10.  Uniting  swarms. 

11.  Queen  breeding. 

12.  Methods  of  transportation  by 
water  and  rail. 

13.  Diseases  and  enemies. 

14.  Bees  do  no  harm  to  plants. 

While  this  Eastern  work  shows  no- 
thing strikingly  new,  it  does  indicate 
that  Japan  is  alert  and  attempting  to 
keep  abreast  with  the  West.  If  she 
keeps  on  in  this  direction,  we  may  well 


leave  it  there;  but  they  do  not.  Thej 
carry  it  into  the  upper  story  as  sooi 
as  the  queen  needs  more  room  below 
This  is  easily  ascertained  by  fiUinj 
the  hive  with  buckwheat  honey  in  ear- 
ly spring  and  watch  results.  When  thf 
clover  honey  comes  there  will  b( 
found  buckwheat  honey  in  the  sec 
tions — sometimes  full  sections  of  it 
This  is  particularly  true  where  bar 
sections  are  used.  That  Mr.  Boardmar 
and  Gleanings  (which,  by  the  way 
dishes  up  a  lot  of  trash)  deny  it,  doe; 
not  make  it  so.  It  makes  me  thinl 
of  a  relative  of  my  wife's.  He  was  i 
Seventh  Day  Adventist  and  those  peo 
pie  at  that  time  considered  pork-eatinj 
and  beer  drinking  a  sin.  This  man'i 
main  crops  were  pork  and  barley 
When  asked  why  he  raised  those  tw( 
crops  when  it  was  sinful  to  eat  porl 


SOME  JAPANESE  BEE  APPLIANCES. 


expe-ct   to     soon    hear    of     important 
apiaries  in  the   East;  we  may  expect 
to  look  there  for  advanced  ideas. 
Worcester,  Mass.,  Sept.  2,  1905. 


THEORY  VS.  PRACTICE. 


By  Dr.  W.  R.  Claussen. 

pDITOR  Bee-Keeper:  It  was  with 
■^^  gratification  I  read  Mr.  A.  C.  Mil- 
ler's article  on  sugar  feeding  in  the 
September  issue  of  American  Bee- 
Keeper.  One  great  trouble  with  a 
good  deal  of  our  literature  is  that  the 
editors  try  to  be  scientific  and  pay  too 
little  attention  to  the  practical  work- 
ings of  the  hive. 

The  packing  of  the  brood  nest  with 
sugar  syrup  looks,  from  a  theoretical 
standpoint,  correct  enough  and  would 
be  all  right  provided  the  bees  would 


and  drink  beer,  he  answered:  "Mos 
of  the  pork  raised  is  converted  int( 
wagon  grease  and  other  lubricant: 
and  the  probability  is  mine  will  nev 
e/  be  used  for  food."  The  barley  tha 
was  left  over  from  fattening  the  hog; 
was  shipped  to  Milwaukee,  but  it  wa; 
probably  not  used  to  make  "the  bee: 
that  made  Milwaukee  famous."  S( 
with  Gleanings.  The  supposition  i: 
that  what  syrup  is  put  into  the  brooc 
chamber  will  be  used  for  food  for  thf 
young  and  only  the  real  article  storec 
for  human  use. 

Last  spring  I  was  in  one  apiary 
where  sugar  syrup  is  left  in  troughs 
all  through  the  spring  (thanks  tc 
Gleanings'  teaching.)  I  protested  with 
the  man;  the  answer  I  got  was  that 
it  did  not  incite  robbing  and  that  they 
would  not  touch  it  when  honey  came 
in.    Both  statements  are  true;  but  that 


905- 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


203 


loes  not  prevent  a  lot  of  the  stuff 
oing  into  the  honey  that  is  sold.  A 
vspeptic  who  had  bought  honey  at 
lat  place  asked  me  why  that  honey 
istressed  him,  while  he  could  eat 
line  without  trouble.  Gleanings  tells 
s  the  sugar  thus  taken  by  the  bees  is 
iverted;  that  may  be  true  too.  I  do 
ot  just  know  what  that  means;  but 
le  fact  remains  it  is  cane  sugar  just 
le  same  and,  if  sold  for  honey,  is  a 
aud.  The  only  safe  course  to  pur- 
ue  is  to  let  sugar  alone  entirely. 
Mr.  J.  E.  Johnson  gives  our  founda- 
on  makers  a  rather  hard  rub.  I  do 
ot  agree  with  him.  I  believe  the 
Dundation  we  get  is  pure.  If  it  is 
dulterated,  it  is  done,  I  believe, 
irough  the  wax  being  adulterated  oy 
le  apiarist.  It  would  be  impossible  for 
le  manufacturers  to  test  all  wax  sent 
lem,  and,  unless  the  adulterant  is  ad- 
ed  in  very  large  amount  it  will  pas^ 
nnoticed.  A  few  years  ago  a  friend 
f  mine  sent  some  wax  to  a  manufac- 
irer  and  a  neighbor  wanted  to  send 
Dme  with  him  to  save  freight.  Word 
ime  back  that  the  wax  marked  so  and 
3,  contained  tallow.  My  friend  v.-ent 
)  the  neighbor  and  he  frankly  admit- 
:d  that  one-fourth  was  beef  tallow; 
ut  he  did  not  suppose  they  would 
i^er  know.  Mr.  Johnson  thinks  that 
is  white  foundation,  that  will  not  get 
oit  in  the  warmest  weather,  contains 
oretty  large  amount  of  paraffine.  It 
light  perhaps  be  done  as  some 
araffine  has  a  fusing  point  of  113 
egrees  and  stearin  of  1519  degrees;  but 
'hite  or  bleached  wax  is  harder  and 
lore  friable  and  has  more  resistance 
)  heat  than  yellow  wax,  which  melts 
t  about  140  degrees,  wnile  the  bleach- 
d  wax  melts  at  about  150  degrees, 
hat  is  probably  the  reason  why  the 
ees  do  not  accept  it  as  readily  as  the 
ellow  wax,  which  is  much  more  pli- 
ble.  I  did  not  see  the  statement  that 
rof.  Wiley  gave  to  the  Rural  New 
orker  in  regard  to  paraffine  being 
lade  use  of  in  making  comb  base, 
erhaps  he  did.  If  I  had  seen  it,  it 
ould  have  had  very  little  weight  with 
:ie,  knowing  where  it  came  from.  Is 
however,  not  a  fact,  as  Mr.  Horn 
tates  in  his  article,  "Politics  in  the 
ipiary"  that  lots  of  our  so-called  sci- 
ntific  appointees  get  their  appoint- 
ments to  pay  off  some  political  debt 
nd  are  appointed  without  regard  to 
leir  fitness  or  qualifications  for  the 
ffice?  Of  course,  they  are  supposed 
3  do  something  for  the  public,  who 
Dots  the  bills,  so  they  ascertain  a  lit- 


tle, presume  a  good  deal  and  jump 
at  conclusions.  The  resulting  theory 
is  given  as  a  fact  to  the  public;  but 
it  remains  for  the  practical  man,  by 
his  work,  to  prove  or  disprove  this 
theory.  If  it  is  correct,  the  scientist 
grows  big  in  the  eyes  of  the  world  as 
well  as  in  his  own  estimation.  If  it 
is  wrong  he  remains  right  in  his  own 
eyes  as  well  in  the  eyes  of  a  good 
many  others  till  the  thing  is  forgot- 
ten. This  holds  good  in  apiarian,  ag- 
ricultural, medical  and  all  other  pur- 
suits. We  have  too  great  a  tendency 
to  accept  theories  and  ignore  the  prac- 
tical workings  of  the  every-day  toiler, 
whose  daily  observations  are  worth 
a  great  deal  more  than  the  theory  of 
a  "professor,"  who  never  does  any 
practical  work,  but  to  draw  his  salary. 

Our  state  has  been  singularly  for- 
tunate in  the  appointment  of  its  foul 
brood  inspector,  who  is  a  very  careful 
and  conscientious  man;  but  I  ag''i:e 
with  Mr.  Horn  if  the  foul  brood  law 
in  California  works  the  way  he  says, 
the  inspector  is  to  be  feared  more  than 
the  disease. 

Waupaca,  Wis.,  Sept.  9,    1905. 


THE     FOLLY     OF     TINKERING 

WITH   BEES  FURTHER 

CONSIDERED. 


By  T.  K.  Massie. 

r)  N  PAGE  138  of  The  American 
^"^  Bee-Keeper  for  July  Mr.  McNeal 
says  several  things  that  need  to  be 
further  considered.  I  endorse  all  he 
says  on  the  folly  of  tinkering  with 
the  bees  until  he  conies  down  to  his 
plan  of  procedure.  I  would  use  a  brood 
chamber  of  larger  capacity  than  the 
ten-frame   Langstroth   hive. 

Large  hives  are  certainly  preferable. 
I  would  use  a  double  wall,  divisible 
brood  chamber  hive,  capacity  equal  to 
about  13  L.  frames.  Now  I  would  like 
to  ask  Mr.  McNeal  why  go  to  the  ex- 
tra expense  of  providing  a  super  of 
six-inch  combs  and  "fussing  and  tink- 
ering" with  them  (the  very  thing  he 
tells  us  not  to  do)  and  that  enamel 
cloth?  He  tells  us  not  to  "tinker  with 
the  bees,"  yet  he  goes  to  "tinkering" 
with  them  in  his  manipulations  of  that 
extra  super.  Why  that  honey  board 
which  is  fussed  and  tinkered  with? 
Combs  in  which  brood  has  been  reared, 
like  his  6-inch  combs,  are  rather  ob- 
jectionable as  extracting  combs.  I 
want  none  of  the  coccoons  (the  "swad- 
dling  clothes")      of  the   young     bees 


204 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


Octobel" 


about  my  honey,  either  comb  or  ex- 
tracted. 

I  see  that  Mr.  McNeal  describes 
the  hive  "he  uses"  in  The  American 
Bee-Keeper,  which  is  patterned  al- 
most exactly  after  my  hive.  He  uses 
the  principles  in  construction  of  my 
hive  in  his.  For  the  last  three  years 
I  have  been  mailing  him  my  cata- 
logue, describing  my  hive  and  it  seems 
strange  that  he  has  not  caught  the  idea 
that  a  whole  lot  of  the  fussing  and 
tinkering  with  the  bees  are  practices 
that  can  be  left  off  to  the  advantage  of 
both  himself  and  his  bees.  Work  them 
■on  the  "let  alone"  principle.  I  repeat 
his    advice,    "don't    tinker." 

I  will  describe  my  plan  and  if  any 
of  my  readers  will  tell  me  where  and 
how  I  can  leave  off  any  of  the  work  I 
will  thank   him  for  it. 

I  use  a  divisible  brood  chamber  hive, 
cubical  in  form,  with  a  capacity  equiva- 
lent to  13  Langstroth  frames.  Not 
later  than  September  20th  I  see  that 
each  colony  is  provided  with  a  vigor- 
ous and  prolific  queen  and  fully  40 
pounds  of  sealed  stores,  the  fullest 
frames  being  placed  in  center  of  the 
uoper  story,  the  frames  containing 
brood  in  the  center  of  the  lower  story. 
I  put  the  super  cover,  a  thin  board, 
over  the  brood  chamber  for  the  bees 
to  seal  down;  on  it  place  a  cushion  of 
dry  leaves  and  over  all  put  a  telescope 
cover.  In  this  condition  I  leave  them 
alone  till  about  April  15  of  the  follow- 
ing year — nearly  7  months.  I  then 
go  over  each  hive  to  see  that  each  still 
has  a  queen  and  plenty  of  stores  to 
run  them  till  the  honey  flow  comes 
on.  When  the  honey  flow  is  on  and 
the  hive  getting  full  of  bees  I  put  on 
my  supers,  the  super  cover  being 
placed  a  bee-space  above  the  sections. 
I  use  no  enameled  sheet  or  honey 
board;  and  I  put  on  supers  before  the 
bees  become  crowded  for  room.  Su- 
pers are  added  as  more  room  is  need- 
ed. If  a  colony  swarms  I  hive  the 
swarm  on  the  old  location,  in  a  sin- 
gle brood  chamber  with  two  frames 
of  combs  and  the  rest  of  good  sized 
starters;  remove  all  surplus  receptacles 
from  the  old  colony  and  put  them  on 
the  swarm.  By  this  plan  I  scarcely 
ever  have  any  trouble  by  the  queens 
going  up  into  my  supers.  When  the 
honey  is  ready  to  come  off  I  take  it 
off  by  using  a  Porter  escape,  and, 
when  the  honey  flow  is  over,  double 
two  swarms  together  which  gi/es  p'c 
a  good  colony  for  winter.  Now  how 
can    I    shorten   my   labors,   either      in 


plan  of  work  or  change  in  hives  an 
appliances?    "Don't  tinker." 

Mr.  Geo.  B.  Howe,  page  155  a 
tempts  to  make  a  point  against  tl: 
cubical  form  of  hive  by  telling  us  < 
bee  trees  with  combs  four  or  moi 
feet  long  (I  have  seen  them  ov« 
eight  feet  long.)  Now  let  Mr.  How 
turn  these  long  combs  down  in 
horizontal  position  and  see  "where  1: 
is  at."  He  will  then  have  a  "long  ideS' 
hive  and  plenty  of  unoccupied  comb 
Heated  air  rises  and  the  long  com! 
in  the  bee  trees,  standing  in  a  pe 
pendicular  position,  proves  a  point  i 
favor  of  the  cubical  form  of  hiv« 
rather  than  against  them. 

Tophet,  W.  Va.,  Aug.  25,  1905. 


A  VENERABLE  STUDENT. 


By  Thomas  B.  Darlington. 

pDITORS  AMERICAN  BEI 
•*-•  KEEPER:  I've  been  trying  th 
summer  to  learn  something  more  abet 
bees  than  I  had  known  practical! 
heretofore.  First,  that  of  bees  movin 
their  eggs  from  one  place  to  anothe 
in  the  hive.  I  had  a  weak  swarm  th: 
was  queenless  long  enough  to  mal< 
it  sure  there  were  no  eggs  in  the  hiv 
I  then  gave  them  a  piece  of  comb  wit 
eggs  in  the  lower  edge  of  outsic 
frame.  When  in  long  enough  to  ha\ 
cells  capped  I  found  on  the  uppt 
edge  a  queen  cell  built  and  attached  t 
comb  of  next  frame,  so  that  in  raisin 
the  frames  I  destroyed  the  cell;  s 
I  had  that  trial  to  go  over  again, 
replaced  the  piece  of  comb  with  ar 
other  having  eggs  in,  and  in  due  tim 
they  built  a  queen  cell,  but  this  tim 
on  the  third  frame  and  on  its  uppe 
edge,  which  produced  a  fine  queei 
Now  I  am  satisfied  that  bees  can  an 
do  move  their  eggs  when  they  choos 
to  do  so. 

There  is  another  point  about  bee 
that  I  am  not  so  clear  about,  and  tha 
is  about  the  queen  mating.  I  had 
hive  of  very  yellow  Italians,  the  moth 
er  of  which  was  exceedingly  yellow 
and  was  introduced  in  August  1903.  I: 
due  time  the  hive  was  filled  witb  thes 
bright  bees,  all  others  having  disap 
peared.  The  summer  of  1904  beinj 
poor,  they  did  not  swarm,  but  in  th 
fall  they  were  considerably  darkei 
This  summer  they  swarmed  on  Ma; 
3rd,  and  the  new  swarm  swarme* 
again  on  the  6th  of  June.  The  bees  o 
the  old  hive  keep  getting  darker.    Th 


905- 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


205 


irones  are  as  yellow  as  at  first,  and    good  "Corneil"  was  kept  a-puffing.  By- 
plenty  of  them.     There  are  dark  bees    moving  with  open  entrances  there  is 


iree-quarters  of  a  mile  ofif,  none  near 

Now,  I  would  like  to  know  if  a  queen 

;;   reduces  a  hive  of  nice  yellow  work- 

rs  and  drones,  why  don't  she  always 

0  it?  It  looks  to  me  that  she  follows 
lie  ordinary  order  of  nature  that  for 
irery  new  crop  there  is  a  new  mating 
tid  that  after  laying  drone  eggs  she 

done  laying  until  mated  again.  It 
ikes  drone's  eggs  longer  to  mature 
lan  workers,  therefore  laid  last. 
)ueens  with  clipped  wings  can  not 
y,  and  who  knows  but  they  may  mate 

1  the  hive?  So  far  as  my  observation 
oes  bees  never  swarm  naturally  un- 
I  they  have  drones  enough  to  go  with 
lem. 

We  have  had  two  very  severe  win- 
;rs  on  bees;  the  last  two  I  lost  of 
line  but  three  colonies  and  as  good 
ick  would  have  it,  they  were  three  I 
ad  Italianized  in  August  of  1903,  the 
ther  31  colonies  perished  from  cold, 
ad  plenty  of  stores,  were  unable  to 
et  to  it  on  account  of  the  intense 
Did. 

I  have  had  the  care  of  bees  since 
bout  twelve  years  old  wthout  a  break. 

was  90  the  loth  of  this  month,  but 
lis  came  the  nearest  to  being  entire- 
r  wiped  out.  I  might  have  saved 
lem    by   moving   the    side   combs    to 


no  loss  in  vitality  to  the  bees,  and 
they  are  at  work  as  hard  as  ever,  soon 
after  setting  ofif  the  wagons.  A  wa- 
p-on  sheet  covers  the  top  of  .the  load, 
with  sides  and  bottom  open  for  venti- 
lation. The  bees  are  subdued  before 
loading,  and,  if  you  are  "afraid  for 
scare"  better  cover  the  horses'  headis 
with  cheesecloth  for  a  few  miles  as 
a  bee  near  a  horse's  head  causes  the 
horse  to  shake  his  ears  and  these 
"stimuli"  stimulate  the  bee. 
Meridian,  Idaho,  Aug.  26,  1905. 


POPULARIZING    HONEY. 


By  M.  F.  Reeve. 

A  FTER  reading  the  article  on 
•*  *■  "Profitable  Marketing,"  by  J.  Mil- 
ton Weir  in  the  August  Bee-Keeper, 
it  seems  to  me  that  those  who  are 
talking  high  prices  for  comb  and  ex- 
tracted honey  are  "barking  up  the 
wrong  tree."  What  people  want  now- 
adays is  a  cheap  article.  That  is  why 
glucose  syrup  put  up  in  tin  cans,  sell- 
ing at  10  or  12  cents  quart  size  is  so 
popular. 

Honey    at    50    cents    a    quart   bottle 


consequently  gets  the  go-by.     A  Mar- 
ket   street    storekeeper    in    Philadelphia 
luster  But  we  don't  know  how  long    who  sells  several  tons  of  comb  honey 
ero   weather   is   going  to  last.      The    from    New   York   state   every  year  at 


ueer  part  of  it  was,  I  was  intending 
)  Italianize  the  whole,  and  to  find  tiiat 
11  were  dead  excepting  those  already 
talianized. 

West    Chester,    Pa.,    Aug.    22, 
Loute  No.  7. 


1905, 


FAILURE  IN  IDAHO. 


By  E.  F.  Atwater. 

H  RIEND  HILL:  Over  300  colonies 
in  our  three  comb-honey  yards 
ave  produced  just  four  supers  of 
oney.  Over  350  colonies  in  four  ex- 
■acting  yards  have  produced  only  3,- 
30  pounds.  The  first  failure  in  ten 
ears'  work  with  the  bees,  in  South 
>akota  and  Idaho. 

About  three  weeks  ago  I  moved 
DO  colonies  to  a  location  about  36 
liles  from  here,  where  a  fair  flow 
as  in  progress  and  may  get  10  to 
D  pounds  per  colony  there.  They 
'ere  moved  with  entrances  wide  open; 
le  loads  on  spring  wagons  gave  no 
"ouble  but  one  load  on  a  "dead  ex" 
agon   was   a   little   "frisky"   and   the 


18  to  22  cents  a  comb,  in  glazed  sec- 
tion, told  me  he  could  sell  twice  as 
much  and  perhaps  more  if  he  could  put 
it  out  at  2  for  25  cents.  He  said  peo- 
ple didn't  feel  like  paying  for  glass- 
ware in  buying  honey.  Those  who  sell 
extracted  honey  could  do  a  better  bus- 
iness it  seems  to  me  if  they  accepted 
Mr.  Weir's  suggestion  and  taking  a 
lesson  from  the  syrup  men,  put  up 
their  goods  in  tin  with  gaady  labels, 
that  would  catch  the  eye  of  the  buyer. 
Everything  nowadays  depends  on  the 
attractiveness  of  the  label.  How  many 
honey  producers  are  there  who  put 
any  name  or  mark  on  their  sections 
by  which  it  might  be  known?  Not 
one  that  I  have  seen.  Tin  cans,  it 
would  seem,  would  be  the  very  thing — 
pints  and  quarts,  and  gradually  dis- 
place glass. 

Rutledge,   Pa.,  Aug.    10,   1905. 


The  purest  treasure  mortal  times  af- 
ford 
Is  spotless  reputation;  that  away, 
Men   are  but  gilded  loam  or  painted 
clay.  — King  Richard  II. 


BEE    EXPERTS    HUNT 

aUEENS    FOR    PRIZES 


Great     Gathering     of     Honey    Producers     at 
Jenkintown    Apiary. 


STINGS    ENOUGH    FOR    AL,L 


Four  hundred  men  and  women  bee 
fanciers  from  all  sections  of  the  East 
strolled  back  and  forth  among  hives, 
toyed  with  queens  and  handled  drones 
at  the  apiary  of  W.  A.  Selzer,  Jenkin- 
town, yesterday,  at  an  all-day  meet- 
ing, held  under  the  direction  of  the 
Philadelphia,  New  Jersey  and  Penn- 
sylvania Bee-Keepers  Associations. 
New  York  city  and  vicinity  sent  big 
deleo^ations,  and  two  native  Filipinos 
were  present  to  carry  back  to  the  is- 
lands the  information  they  saw  and 
heard. 

Before  the  sessions  had  been  con- 
cluded the  bees  took  the  demonstra- 
tions into  their  own  feet,  and  there 
were  so  many  subjects  of  the  bee  sting 
that  a  formal  experiment,  which  was 
planned  for  the  visitors'  interest,  was 
not  necessary.  At  no  time  was  there 
a  rout  of  the  demonstrators,  but  there 
were  a  good  many  moustache  comb- 
ings and  eye  jabs  that  indicated  sting- 
inp'  unpleasantness. 

Several  hundred  persons,  half  of 
them  women,  wearing  veils  of  mosqui- 
to bar,  moving  about  the  buzzing 
hives,  picking  up  bees  and  stroking 
their  backs,  made  an  interesting  pic- 


MEN  WHO  HAI 

Four  hundred  bee  lanciers  Irom  all  s 
to  attend  a  meeting  held  under  the  auspic 
were  given  by  experts  to  show  that  bees  c 
swarm  and  picked  out  the  queen  ol  the  CO 

ture     for  the  laymen,  in  s 
ironclad    sign,      "Don't    di 

hives!" 

But  that  passed  into  th 
when  Dr.  E.  F.  Phillips,  of 
States  Department  of  i 
scooped  two  handfuls  off  a 
heroically   held   them  unti 


SR 


f  EAR  OF  STIN6S. 

Ifi    ol  W.  A.  Selzer.  Jenkinslown.  yesterday, 
"^id  New  Jersey  societies.       Dem<«istrations 
ran  bee  raiser  sal  in  the  midst  ol  a  buzzing 
%i  be  done  without  harm  to  the  operator. 


lis  hands  indicated  trouble, 
en   handling  the   so-called 

docile  Caucasian  bee,  which 

d    not    to    sting    under    any 

ces. 
n-Hunting  Contest. 

[.  Twining,  a  veteran  agri- 
Logan,  sat  in  the  midst  of 


a  buzzing  swarm,  and,  after  a  few 
minutes'  effort,  picked  out  the  queen 
of  the  colony,  just  to  show  that  such 
things  can  be  done  without  the  smoke 
pot. 

This  demonstra,tion  was  repeated  in 
part  in  the  queen-hunting  contest,  in 
which  Prof.  H.  A.  Surface,  of  Harris- 
burg;  W.  W.  Case,  of  New  Jersey,  and 
L.  W.  Boyden,  of  Philadelphia,  acted 
as  judges.  There  were  four  contestants. 
Each  took  his  position  before  the  hive, 
and  at  the  clap  of  the  hand  thousands 
oi  bees  were  liberated,  and  the  con- 
testants started  on  the  bee  hunt. 

Out  of  the  swarming  mass  John 
R.  TulJ,  of  this  city,  ai  d  W.  H.  Peck, 
of  Perryville,  Md.,  landed  their  catch 
in  fifty  seconds.  F.  A.  Lockhart,  of 
Lage  George,  N.  Y.,  consumed  nearly 
three  minutes  in -his  hunt,  and  W.  H. 
Wolf,  of  the  Bermuda  Islands,  finished 
a  half  minute  before. 

Without  veil,  gloves  and  rery  little 
smoke,  Harold  Hornor,  of  this  city, 
gave  a  demonstration  of  hiving  an  ar- 


208 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


October, 


tificial  swarm.  He  shook  thousands 
of  bees  on  blank  paper,  and,  with  their 
queen  leading  the  way,  the  inarch  of 
the  10,000  was  taken  into  the  hive. 
Several  times  the  bees  showed  fight, 
and  at  least  once  the  demonstrator 
jumped  from  the  platform. 

Looking  for  the  Ideal  Bee. 

Professor  Surface,  who  presided  at 
the  late  afternoon  session,  said  in  his 
speech  that  he  looked  forward  to  the 
cosmopolitan  bee,  having  the  best 
qualities  of  the  many  species  of  bees. 
The  essentials  of  an  ideal  bee  are 
good  housekeeping,  long-distance 
traveling,  long  tongue  and  gentleness. 
By  the  crossing  of  the  different  spe- 
cies he  hoped  to  obtain  the  ideal. 

There  are  28,000  bee  raisers  in  Penn- 
sylvania alone,  he  said,  and  urged  some 
legislation  which  would  protect  the 
apiculturists,  as  well  as  prevent  the 
foisting  upon  the  market  of  adulterated 
honey.  He  thought  this  could  be  real- 
ized through  the  appointment  of  a 
state  bee  inspector. 

Queens  Wed  Once  for  All. 

E.  L.  Pratt,  of  Swarthmore,  dis- 
placed several  theories  in  his  paper  on 
"Increase  and  Nuptial  Flights,"  in 
which  he  stated  that  though  the  queens 
receive  many  proposals  of  marriage, 
they  accept  but  one  during  their  life- 
time, and  this  in  spite  of  the  fact  that 
suitors  follow  them  to  the  clouds. 

"Ofttimes,"  said  he,  in  discussing 
his  paper,  "the  queen  is  pursued  by 
twenty-five  suitors;  but  she  chooses 
but  one,  and  the  marriage  pact  is  then 
inviolable." 

William  Houser,  of  Wirtville,  N.  J., 
was  awarded  a  prize  for  the  best  comb 
honey,  and  Franklin  B.  Fox,  of  Er- 
winna,  Pa.,  won  similar  recognition  for 
extracted   honey. 

Dr.  L.  M.  Weaver,  of  West  Philadel- 
phia, presided  at  the  morning  session, 
and  William  W.  Case,  of  the  New 
Jersey  Association,  at  the  early  after- 
noon meeting.  There  were  addresses 
by  J.  B.  Case,  of  Port  Orange,  Fla.; 
L.  C.  Root,  of  Stamford,  Conn.;  the 
Rev.  Julius  Hanko,  of  Austria;  Dr.  M. 
N.  Nieffer,  of  this  city;  J.  H.  M.  Cook, 
of  New  York,  and  Richard  D.  Barclay, 
of  State  College. 


THE    NATIONAL    CONVENTION 
TO   BE  HELD  IN  CHICAO. 

Ever  since  the  breaking  out  of  the 
yellow  fever  in  the  South,  have  I  been 
receiving  letters  from  different  parts 
of    the    country,    suggesting    that    the 


place  of  meeting  for  the  National  con- 
vention be  changed  to  some  Northern 
city.  To  all,  for  a  long  time,  I  re- 
turned the  same  reply:  "Let's  wait 
and  see  how  things  turn  out.  If  the 
fever  is  crushed  out  of  existence,  or 
controlled,  then  we  can  go  to  Texas 
just  as  well  as  ever."  To  a  certain 
extent  the  fever  has  been  controlled, 
but  there  seems  to  be  no  probability 
that  it  will  be  done  with  before  the 
time  that  has  been  set  for  holding  our 
convention  in  San  Antonio.  The  time 
has  come  when  we  can  wait  no  longer. 
If  a  change  is  to  be  made,  it  must  be 
made  at  once,  that  bee-keepers  may 
be  planning  accordingly.  Before  tak- 
ing up  the  matter  with  the  executive 
committee,  I  wrote  to  the  directors, 
the  editors  of  the  leading  bee  journals 
and  to  several  of  the  most  prominent 
bee-keepers,  asking  for  their  views  orh 
the  subject.  The  majority  was  over- 
whelmingly in  favor  of  a  change.  The 
matter  was  then  taken  up  with  the 
executive  committee,  and  every  mem- 
ber favored  a  change  to  Chicago,  dur- 
ing the  fat  stock  show,  the  first  week 
in  December.  It  is  possible  that  some 
other  Northern  city  has  greater  claims 
than  Chicago  for  the  holding  of  the 
convention,  but  the  meeting  must  be 
held  where  reduced  railroad  rates  will 
be  assured,  and  the  fat  stock  show 
at  Chicago  furnishes  these. 

It  is  possible  that  there  is  no  real 
danger  from-  the  fever  at  San  An- 
tonio, but  the  fear  of  it  is  real,  and 
Vv-ouM  have  kept  away  the  Nortpcrn 
people.  The  bee-keepers  of  Louisiana 
and  Mississippi  would  also  have  been 
shut  up  in  their  own  states.  Texas  has 
had  a  slim  crop  of  honey  this  year, 
and,  taken  all  in  all,  a  convention  this 
fall  in  San  Antonio  would  have  been 
a  pretty  slim  affair.  I  think  that 
even  the  Texans  themselves  would 
rather  wait  until  another  year,  v.hen, 
if  all  goes  well,  the  convention  could 
be  held  in  San  Antoni)  vvith  eveiy  as- 
surance of  a  big  crowd. 

Arrangements  have  been  completed 
for  holding  the  meeting  in  Chicago, 
at  the  Revere  House,  corner  of  Michi- 
gan and  Clark  streets,  on  the  5th,  6th 
and  7th  of  December.  This  hotel  can 
accommodate  at  least  300  bee-keepers 
and  the  rates  are  75  cents  for  a  rnom 
alone,  or  50  cents  each  where  two  oc- 
cupy the  same  room.  Meals  are  ex- 
tra, or  they  may  be  secured  at  nearby 
restaurants. 

W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON,  Sec. 


IQOS- 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


209 


NEW  ZEALAND   NOTES. 


By  J.  G.  S.  Small, 

Expert  Appointed. 

At  last  the  bee-keepers  of  New  Zea- 
land   have    been   satisfied   by    the    ap-   ^ycfr 
pointment   of   a    "bee    expert"   by    the  ^' 

local  government.    Mr.  Isaac  Hopkins 
who  has  been  connected  with  the  bee 


America  and  other  leading  bee  coun- 
tries have  their  experts  and  inspectors 
and  the  trade  attended  to  is  ample  to 
show  that  New  Zealand  should  be  in 
a  position  to  support  an  expert  whose 
whole  time  will  be  given  up  to  the  in- 


The  Seasons. 

The  last  summer  and  autumn  have 


inausrry   is   me    nrst   expert   rnat   nas  '.  '         ,  '  T^t  .," 

ever  been  appointed  to  rule  over  the  ^'^  'l^'''\u^''''\"u^'-  ^^^  '^^>J'^' 
bee  industry  of  this  fair  isle,  and  not  f^"  ^"^  through  the  summer,  with  a 
a  better  appointment  could  be  made.  ^^^  occasional  showers,  makmg  ideal 
The  movement  which  was  set  on  foot 


conditions  for  the  secretion  of  nectar. 


by  Mr.  Gilbert  Small  was  taken  up  ^he  white  clover,  however  was  rath- 
by  Mr.  Hopkins,  who,  in  connection  er  scarce  throughout  the  colony-com- 
„r;4.t,  *.!,„  f K, l„..^^^' „.-  1 ^    ing  into  bloom  in  December  it  lasted 


with  the  former  gentleman  wc:nt  heart   „„? 


until  the  1st  of  February — but  we  were 
supplied  with  a  good,  healthy  growth 
of  thistles,  which  yielded  a  rather  dark- 
colored  honey. 

Prices. 

For  the  information  of  American 
readers  I  quote  prevailing  prices  at  this 
time  as  follows:  Pure  extracted  honey 
in  two-pound  cans,  5  1-2  to  6c;  dark, 
Sc.  In  60-pound  cans,  4  cents.  White 
comb  honey  in  one-pound  sections, 
$2.00   per   dozen. 

Foul  Brood. 

Foul  brood  is  not  so  prevalent  as 
formerly.  This,  I  think,  is  owing  in 
part  to  the  mildness  of  the  season  and 
to  the  greater  precaution  of  bee-keep- 
ers in  preventing  the  disease. 

Marton,    New    Zealand. 


J.  G.  S.  SMALL.  New  Zealand. 

and  soul  into  the  work  with  tl;e  gov- 
ernment and  although  two  long  years 
passed  before  there  was  iiiiy  appoint 


December  being  the  last  month  pos- 
ble  for  the  holding  of  the  National 
convention,  it  is  earnestly  to  be  hoped 
that  measles  may  not  break  out  in 
Chicago,  thus  necessitating  the  selec- 
tion of  another  site — probably  in  La- 
brador or  Alaska. 


The  vice-consul     for   Sweden      and 

Norway  at  Cape  Haitien,  Haiti,  a  Bee- 

Keeper    subscriber,    advises    that    the 

merit  ^  n^iadeT   these  "two""ientfemen    ^-^P?^*  duty  of  four  cents  per  gallon 

found  that  their  labors  had  not  been  in    ?P  .honey  has  been  abolished  by  the 

Haitian  government. 


Mr.  Hopkins  is  at  the  present  time       ^,     „       ^^  ,  .      . 

engaged  in  carrying  on  a  lecturing  tour  ^  The  Bee-Keeper  has  received  a  num- 
through  the  colony  and  is  receiving  ^er  of  novel  and  beautiful  souvenir 
good  receptions  wherever  he  has  call-  P^^*^^  Sf  ^.S'  mailed  en  route  by  Prof, 
ed.  The  many  bee-keepers'  asso-  ^rank  Benton,  now  in  the  far  East, 
ciations  that  are  being  formed  is  am- 
ple to  prove  that  the  .people  acknowl-  The  interests  of  the  plain  bee-keep- 
edge  that  there  is  something  in  the  ers  are  our  interests.  «We  have  no 
bee   industry,   and    where   the   system   entangling  alliances. 

that  is  proposed  is  carried  into  prac-  

tice  it  would  be  the  making  of  the  in-       If  you  see  it  in  the  Bee-Keeper  you 
dustry.      The     fact     that     Australia,   may  depend  upon  it. 


i 


♦  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦4M»MMM»»^'»  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»»♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 


THE 


Bee -Keeping  World 


staff  Contributors  :    F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ. 

Contributions  to  this  Department  are  solicited  from  all  quarters  of  the  earth. 


SSlei 


4444H  MM  ♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦»♦  MMfff^^  ♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦» 


GERMANY. 


SHOULDN'T  OBJECT  TO  PROFIT. 
"It  is  all  well  enough,"  says  Wolf,  in 
Neue  Bztg.,  "to  keep  bees  for  the  pleas- 
ure of  the  thing,  but  it  Is  just  as  well  to 
also  look  for  profits  to  be  obtained  out  of 
the  pursuit." 


SAVE  THE  NATURAL  CELLS. 
F.  Dlckel  has  this  to  say  In  Die  Blene  about 
modern  queen  production:  "Since  It  is 
generally  admitted  that  queens,  reared  by 
the  new  and  so-called  improved  methods, 
are  inferior  to  normally  reared  queens,  it 
is  advisable  that  bee-keepers  make  better 
use  of  the  cells  so  easily  obtained  from  their 
colonies    having    cast    swarms." 


A  RETAIL  HONEY  TANK. 
H.  Bruder  is  offering  now  a  storage  tank 
for  honey  suitable  for  the  retail  trade.  The 
tank  is  made  double  and  the  space  between 
the  two  may  be  filled  with  water,  to  pre- 
vent scorching  the  honey  when  heating  or 
liquefying.  The  tank  has  also  a  honey  gate. 
This  is  the  greatest  improvement  on  the 
whole  invention,  for  formerly  it  was  neces- 
sary to  ladle  out  the  honey  to  fill  glass 
bottles  and  other  dishes.  The  inventor  places 
a  great  deal  of  stress  upon  this  feature,  which 
he  says  he  has  had   patented. 


INTRODUCING  QUEENS 
Editor  Reidenback  says  in  Rialz.  Bzgt.,  In 
regard  to  introducing  queens,  that  a  col- 
ony Is  not  in  proper  condition  to  accept  a 
new  queen  till  after  having  been  queenless 
for  five  or  six  days.  Then,  he  says,  is  the 
time  to  give  the  new  queen  in  a  wire-cage, 
leaving  her  confined  for  three  to  four  days 
when  she  may  be  released.  (The  writer  loses 
no  queens  during  the  earlier  part  of  the  sea- 
son, and  through  the  buckwheat  honey  sea- 
son by  giving  the  new  queen  when  removing 
the  old.  He  manages  in  such  a  way  that 
the  bees  themselves  liberate  the  new  queen 
during  the  following  night;  this  refers  to 
queens  reared  in  tbe  same  yard,  queens 
taken  from  one  (nucleus)  hive  to  another.) 


A  HONEY  MARKET  DAV. 
For  the  benefit  of  honey  producers  in  and 
aiound  the  great  city  of  Berlin  a  spc'-lal  day 
was  set  by  the  authorities  last  fall  for  the 
sale  of  honey.  This  was  advertised  ex- 
tensively, but  only  five  bee-keepers  appeareJ 
on  the  market.  They  sold  out  pretty  quiolc- 
ly  at  27  1-3  to  2814  cents  per  pound  of  ex- 
tracted  honey. 


EGYPT. 

OLD  ENOUGH  TO  BE  GOOD. 
Maspero,  director  of  the  excavating  force 
at  Theben,  has  discovered  three  jars  of 
honey,  supposed  to  have  been  gathered  by 
bees  some  3,000  years  ago.  The  honey  was 
well   preserved. — Bienen-Vater. 


SPAIN. 

A  PUBLIC  APIARY. 
It  is  reported  in  Ulustr-Deutsche  Bztg.  that 
an  apiary  has  been  established  In  a  public 
park  in  Barcelona.  The  object  is  to  famil- 
iarize the  public  with  bees  and  bee-keeping. 
(A  great  many  city  people  know  absolutely 
nothing  about  the  honey  bee,  even  In  Ameri- 
ca and  an  enterprise  of  this  kind  must  neces- 
sarily serve  the  Interest  of  honey  producers.) 


FRANCE. 

A  GOOD  SCHEDULE. 
A  certain  bee-keepers'  society  in  France 
has  established  the  price  of  honey  for  1905 
according  to  Apiculteur  as  follows:  Ten 
cents  per  pound  retail  for  extracted;  9  cents 
per  pound  wholesale  for  extracted.  Comb 
honey   not  mentioned. 


SWITZERLAND. 

DRONES  ARE  ALL  RIGHT. 
Dr.  Bruennig  claims  to  have  proven  by  an 
experiment  described  in  Neue  Bztg.  that 
drones,  mothered  by  a  virgin  queen,  are  virile 
and  equal  in  every  way  to  drones  frum  a 
normal    queen. 


Thirty-eight  hotels  in  Switzerland  have 
now  agreed  to  furnish  only  pure  honey  to 
their    guests. — Leipz.    Bztg. 


1905.                            THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  211 

ENGLAND.  anointed   them    with   vaseline   to   prevent   the 

THE    SIMMINS    METHOD.  bees  from   rebuilding   them.      He   did  that  In 

Now    and    then    some   mention    is   made    ol  the   fall   of  the   year,    but   he  always   left  the 

Mr.   Simmins  and   his   non-swarming   hive   or  burr  combs  (those  on  the  top  of  the  frames) 

lystem,   or  rather,   both  combined.     The  sys-  to   facilitate   the   climbing   up   In   the   supers, 

tern  is  intended  to  be  applied  to  the  produc-  His    hives    were    double    walled,     with    a 

tion   of   comb   honey.  cushion    above    in    winter.       For   making    the 

In  producing  extracted  honey  swarming  cushion,  he  considered  tow  as  the  best  ma- 
can  be  almost  entirely  suppressed  by  giving  terial.  Needless  to  say  that  In  Italy,  the  bees 
enough  already  built  combs  to  hold  all  the  are  never  wintered  indoors, 
brood  raised  and  all  the  honey  that  is  Incomplete  combs  (in  the  supers)  were 
brought  from  the  field.  But,  as  we  know,  saved  until  the  spring,  and  then  uncapped 
foundation  is  not  combs.  and  set  over  the  hives  for  stimulating  pur- 

Another  fact  of  which  Mr.  Simmins  availed  poses   and  removed   as  soon   as   empty, 

himself  is  that  the  bees  cluster  immediately  The  hives  were  tilted  forward  considerably, 

behind   the   hive    entrance   and,    furthermore,  relatively  speaking,  during  the  winter,  in  or- 

that  they  do  not  tolerate  empty  space  inside  der  to  get  rid  of  thhe  condensed  water  from 

the    cluster.       They    will    build    combs    there  evaporation.      He    did    not    contract    the    en- 

jven  if  they  have  to  gnaw  or  nibble  off  the  trances    as    a    protection    against    the    mice. 

wax    from    the    combs    in    the    more    remote  Me   thought    it   unnecessary,    and   very   likely 

part   of  the   hive.  it    was    in    his    locality.       He    thought    that 

This    being    the    conditions,     Mr.     Simmins  the   bees   would   come   out   in    the   spring   far 

proceeds  thus:     The  space  immediately  back  more   healthy   when   they   had   good   ventila- 

it  the  entrance  is  provided  with  frames  with  tion   during   the   winter.      He   used  to   make 

starters    only.       According    to    their    instincts  holes    in    the    upper    part    of    the    combs    to 

;he   bees  rapidly   complete  these   combs.      As  enable  the  bees  to  pass  from   comb  to   comb 

fast  as  they  are  built,  the  apiarist  cuts  them  without    having    to    go    around.       Sometimes 

5ut,   fits   them   in   sections  and   puts  the   sec-  a    part    of   a    cluster    eats    up    all    the    honey 

ions  above  in  the  usual  way.     The  effect  of  around    and    can    not    go    to    another    place 

:his    is    to    provide    combs    partially    built    in  because  the  temperature  is  too  low  to  travel 

he    sections    and    thus    to    approximate    the  around    the    combs.        To    prevent    the    bees 

advantages   of  the  already  built   combs   used  from    plugging    the    holes,    he    inserted    small 

in  working  for  extracted  honey.  tin    tubes   in   them. 

The    hives    used    in    England    are    different  He  did  not  like  the  Dadant  or  Langstroth 

[rom  ours,  in  shape,  size,  number  of  frames,  frames — thinking    them    too    shallow.        The 

stc.      Mr.    Simmins   uses   two   styles.      One   is  bees  winter  far  better  in  tall  frames  than  In 

one-story     brood     nest     with     the    frames  shallow   frames, 

across,  about  15  in  number,  the  six  or  seven  He  sometimes  united  the  colonies  that  had 

In  front  being  those  destined  for  comb  build-  swarmed,    two    by   two    to    keep   them    strong 

ing.  and   avoid   too   much   increase. — -Li'Apicoltore. 

The  second  style  is  a  two-story  hive.     The  

lower  story  contains  the  frames  with  the  WINTER  CONSUMPTION, 
starters  for  the  building  of  comb,  the  top  Mr.  Tesselsky,  through  repeated  experi- 
3tory  the  brood  nest  and  finally  the  supers  ment  found  that  the  bees  wintered  In  sin- 
are  placed  above  this.  The  frames  in  the  gle  walled  hives  consume  IS  per  cent  more 
latter  system  can  be  placed  lengthwise.  As  honey  than  those  wintered  in  double  walled 
Ear  as   I   can   see,   this  plan  could  be   carried  hives. — L'Apicoltore. 

DUt   as   well    with    our   American   hives.  

BEES    HATCHING    EGGS. 


ITALY.  Mr.    Jamarrone      has      for    several      years 

On  account   of  light  honey  crops  the  price    hatched   chickens   in    bee   hives.      He   adver- 

of   honey   has   advanced   in   Italy   from  4  3-4    tised   an    apparatus   for   containing   the    eggs 

Bents  per  pound  to   6   cents.  for   something   over   $2.00. — L'Apicoltore. 


MR.  DUBINI'S  BEE-KEEPING.  SUNSHINE   IN  WINTER. 

For  years  Mr.  Dubini  (now  deceased)  was  Mr.  Bauchenfels  believes  in  disturbing  the 
ne  of  the  leading  apiculturists,  not  only  of  bees  as  little  as  possible  in  winter.  He 
Italy,  but  of  all  Europe.  He  has  written  thinks  the  shining  of  the  sun  at  the  en- 
numberless   articles    for   the   bee    papers   and    trance    a    strong    cause    of    disturbance    and 

few  books  that  are  considered  among  the  put  a  small  board  above  to  shade  them.  On 
best.  the   other  hand,   he  believes  the  heat   of  the 

He  had  some  peculiar  ways  of  managing  sun  shining  on  the  wall  to  be  beneficial, 
bees.  He  always  removed  the  brace  combs  enabling  the  bees  to  change  their  position 
(beween    the    top    bars)    of    his    frames    and    if    necessary,    in    order    to    reach    the    honey 


I 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


October, 


f> 


beyond   the   part   of   the   combs   where   it   is 
already  consumed. — L'Apicoltore. 


SEPARATING  SWARMS. 
Dr.  Metteli  has  had  ten  to  twenty  swarms 
a  day  in  his  apiary.  Very  often  several 
unite.  If  left  alone  until  evening,  the  united 
swarms  separate  into  lobes,  each  contain- 
ing a  queen. — L'Apicoltore. 


HONEY  SHOE  BLACKING. 
Mr.  Jozzelli  gives  the  following  recipe  for 
shoe  blacking:  Add  as  much  lampblack  or 
better  refined  bone  black  to  extracted  honey, 
as  will  admit  of  stirring  the  mixture  with  a 
stick,  when  cold:  then  warm  until  softened 
and  put  in  boxes.  Shoes  should  be  thorough- 
ly dried  before  applying.  This  blacking 
preserves  its  gloss  for  a  long  time,  prevents 
cracking,  and  preserves  and  softens  the  leath- 
er.— L'Apicoltore. 


COLOR  OF  WAX. 
Dr.  Dubini  is  quoted  as  having  said  that 
the  yellow  color  of  wax  is  due  to  pollen. 
He  used  to  break  up  the  old  combs  into 
small  bits  that  were  soaked  in  water.  Af- 
ter one  or  two  days  the  pollen  could  be 
squeezed  out  with  the  fingers.  It  is  gen- 
erally yellow  and  swollen  by  the  water.  The 
mashed  comb  was  then  dried  In  the  shade, 
then  melted  in  a  sun  extractor  and  never 
failed  to  yield  a  wax  nearly  as  white  as  If 
It  had  been  bleached. — L'Apicoltore. 


MIXES     HIS     BEES. 
A    correspondent    claims    that    bees    from 
different   queens   mixed  together   work  much 
better.     He  therefore  swaps  combs  from  one 
hive    to    another. — L'Apicoltore. 


PBOGRAIH    FOR    THE    NATIONAI.    CON- 
VENTION. 

First   Day. 

EVENING  SESSION.— 7:30  P.  M. 
Wax-Rendering  Methods  and  Their  Faults. 
— O.   L.   Hershiser,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Can  the  Tariff  on  Comb  Honey  be  Tinkered 
With    to    the    Advantage    of    the    U.    S.    Bee- 
Keeper? — Hildreth  and  Segelken,  New  York. 
Second    Day. 
MORNING    SESSION.— 9:30    A.    M. 
How    Many    Bees    Shall    a   Man   Keep? — B. 
D.    Townsend,    Remus,    Mich. 

Shert    Cuts    in    Bee-Keeping. — M.    A.    Gill, 
Longmont,    Colo. 
Question  Box. 

AFTERNOON    SESSION. —  2:00  P.  M. 
The    Control    of    Increase — L.    Stachelhaus- 
en.   Converse,   Texas. 

Migratory     Bee-Keeping. — R.     F.     Holter 
man,   Brantford,   Canada. 
Question    Box. 

EVENING   SESSION.— 7:30   P.    M. 
Contagious  Diseases  Among  Bees  and  How 
to    Distinguish    Them. — Dr.    Wm.    R.Howard, 
Ft.  Worth,   Texas. 

Experimental       Apiculture. — Dr.        E.       F. 
Philips,    Washington,    D.    C. 
Third   Day. 
MORNING     SESSION.— 9:30     A.     M. 
The    Honey    Producers'     League. — Can     It 
Help    Bee-Keepers? — R.    L.    Taylor,    Lapeer, 
Mich. 

The  Business  End  of  Bee-Keeping. — N.  E. 
France,   Platteville,   Wis. 
Question    Box. 

AFTERNOON    SESSION.-   2:00   P.    M. 
In    What    Way    Can    Bee-Keepers    Secure 
Their     Supplies     at     Lower     Prices? — W.     H. 
Putnam,    River   Falls,    Wis. 

How    the   Producer   and    Dealer   May    Ad- 
vance their  Mutual  Interests. — Fred  W.  Muth, 
Cincinnati,    Ohio. 
Question    Box. 

EVENING     SESSION.— 7:30     P.     M. 
What  Have  We  to  Hope  for  from  the  Non- 
Swarming  Hive? — L.  A.   Aspinwall,    Jackson, 
Mich. 

Poultry   Keeping   for   the   Bee-Keeper. — ^E. 
T.   Abbott,   St.   Joseph,   Mo. 

W.    Z.    HUTCHINSON,    Sec. 


SPRING    INSPECTION. 

An  early  spring  Inspection  Is  considered 
by  Dr.  Metteli  a  waste  of  time,  as  a  rule, 
and  that  the  brood  nests  are  in  this  way 
needlessly  chilled.  If  the  colonies  had  win- 
tered well,  and  had  sufficient  honey  for  win- 
ter and  early  brood  rearing.  The  most  of  the 
colony,  especially  the  pollen  carried  in,  furn- 
ishes enough  indication  as  to  the  state  of 
the  colony. 

Later,   he  adds  empty  combs  at  the  sides  

of   the   brood   nest,    but    does   not   spread   the  Youngsville,  Pa.,  Aug.,  12,  I905. 

brood.        During    the    summer,    he    does    not     „  ,.  t,    *  Keener- 

open    the   brood    nests,    unless   a    diminishing     ^%]^J   ^^^i.^(     .'rh;^^     InnnPv     I'li     the 
population    Shows    that    something    is   wrong.  The     crop     of     ^^'t^^^^^^^    1"  J^^ 

He    uses    hives    (brood    nests    rather)    large       North     IS  _  SlXial,     OWing     tO     exceSSlve 

enough   to     contain    enough   honey     to   go  rams    during    clover  bloom     and    the 

through  the  winter  and  satisfy  all  the  de-  basswood  failed  to  bloom  to  any  ex- 

mands  of  heavy  brood  rearing  in  the  spring,  tent.      Becs  have  started  m  nicely  on 

even  if  the  weather  happens  to  be  unfavor-  buckwheat,   but   the   wet   weather   still 

able,   an  inspection  to  this  end  is  made  in  continues.     I  have  hived  seventy-three 

the  fall  and  feeding  resorted  to  If  neces-  swarms  in  my  homc  yard,  besides  a 

sary. —L'Apicoltore.  number  retwrned.        W.  J.  Davis,  ist. 


1905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


213 


THE 


American  Bee=Keeper 


PUBLISHED  MONTHLY. 

THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MFG.  CO. 

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HARRY  E.  HILL, 
IRTHUR  C.   MILLER, 


-     -    -    -    Editor 
Associate  Editor 


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BMtoriaL 


Do  not  confine  yourself  to  one  bee 
paper,  nor  to  one  paper  in  any  spe- 
cialty for  that  matter,  but  take  two 
or  more  that  you  may  get  a  broader 
and  better  idea  of  the  subject.  Inci- 
dentally it  will  pay. 


The  editor  of  the  Rural  says: 
'There  seems  to  be  two  sides  to  the 
baby  nuclei  question."  More  than  that 
Suh!  Good  side,  bad  side,  inside,  out- 
side, and  whose  side  do  you  take  as 
the   originator,    Suh? 


Last  spring  the  Agricultural  De- 
partment sent  to  various  bee-keepers 
packets  of  seeds  of  honey  producing 
plants.      Have    any   of   the   recipients 


succeeded  in  making  any  grow?  Our 
own  experience  and  that  of  several 
others  was  failure  to  make  any  seed 
germinate. 


Our  Kansas  City  correspondents, 
Messrs.  C.  C.  Clemmons  &  Co.,  write, 
under  date  September  11,  that  they  are 
unable  to  get  in  a  supply  of  honey  to 
meet  the  demand,  at  $3.00  to  $3.25  per 
case  for  fancy  white  comb. 


Are  you  troubled  with  the  competi- 
tion of  some  negligent,  slip-shod 
neighboring  bee-keeper?  If  you  are 
smart  enough  to  stay  in  business  you 
will  be  able  either  to  make  him  a  decent 
competitor  or  to  induce  him  to  sell  to 
you  his  bees  or  his  honey. 


Mr.  Thos.  Chantry,  who  has  been 
harvesting  sage  honey  in  the  moun- 
tains of  Southern  California  this  sea- 
son, is  back  at  Sioux  Cuy,  la.,  with  a 
carload  of  his  product,  to  take  care  of 
his  old  customers  in  that  vicinity.  Mr. 
Chantry  is  one  01  the  Iiustling  bee- 
keepers who  do  things. 


The  Rural  Bee-Keeper  speaks  right 
out  plain  about  a  few  of  the  many 
faults  of  the  Danzenbaker  hive.  That 
is  unkind,  Bro.  Putnam.  You  should 
refrain  from  spoiling  a  good  thing. 
What  if  the  frames  do  "turn  turtle" 
when  separated  from  one  another,  what 
if  they  are  glued  to  the  hive  securely 
enough  to  make  a  saint  angry,  even 
though  it  is  the  champion  bee-killer 
you  should  keep  from  meddling. 


Mr.  A.  Laing  says  in  the  August  Re- 
view: ''I  say  lo-frame  hives,  because 
they  give  stronger  colonies,  are  less 
likely  to  swarm,  and  last,  but  not  least, 
they  seldom  require  feeding,  and  this 
is  very  important  in  an  out-apiary."  The 
air  trembles  with  the  shouts  of  "here- 
sy." Evidently,  Mr.  Laing  has  not 
learned  the  commercial  possibilities  of 
sugar  syrup  honey,  or,  being  a  Ca- 
nadian, he  scorns  the  tricks  of  his 
Yankee   neighbors. 


"We  have  no  winter  problem;  40  to 
50  or  more  pounds  of  honey  left  in  a 
hive  at  the  close  of  the  extracting  sea- 
son, will  put  the  bees  through  the  win- 
ter with  plenty  of  young  bees  and 
strong  in  numbers.  Colonies  left  with 
only  IS  to  20  pounds  of  honey  do  not 
breed  up  so  strong  for  the  winter,  and 
come  through  in  a  weakened  condi- 
tion."    So  says  Mr.  M.  H.  Mendelson 


214 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


October, 


of  Southern  California.  In  those 
parts  of  the  country  where  we  do 
have  a  wintering  problem  the  same 
law  holds  good,  i.  e.,  a  colony  with 
abundant  stores  will  be  in  better  con- 
dition in  the  spring  than  will  one 
scantily  supplied,  and  no  amount  of 
spring  feeding  will  make  reparation 
for  the  harm  done  by  a  lean  larder. 


December  days  in  Chicago,  and  we 
predict  a  '"slimmer"  affair  there  than 
Texas   would  have  produced. 


With  but  a  limited  experience  upon 
which  to  base  his  judgment,  though 
possessing  a  knowledge  of  the  failure 
of  others  who  have  tested  the  Cau- 
casian bee,  the  editor  is  inclined  to 
regard  them  as  about  the  most  worth- 
less race  that  has  ever  been  offered  to 
the  American  public,  and  he  would, 
therefore,  advise  caution  in  those  who 
contemplate  investing  in  them.  The 
pure  Punic  stock  we  have  seen  are, 
figurativel}'  speaking,  as  far  above  the 
Caucasians  as  are  the  stars  of  heaven 
above  a  duck's  track  in  the  mud. 


STUDY  THE  BEE. 

Do  not  worry  about  new  systems 
or  plans  of  management  but  study  the 
habits  of  bees  and  endeavor  to  learn 
the  causes  of  their  actions.  If  you 
know  these  things  you  can  readily 
devise  methods  suitable  to  your  loca- 
tion be  it  in  Canada  or  in  the  tropics. 

A  knowledge  of  the  fundamental 
laws  of  bee  life  and  action  is  essential 
to  intelligent  and  continuously  suc- 
cessful bee-keeping.  The  A.  B.  K.  is 
endeavoring  to  impress  this  on  its 
readers  and  will  lend  every  aid  in  its 
power  to  furthering  the  discovery  of 
these  laws.  The  defining  of  even  one, 
hitherto  unknown,  is  worth  a  library 
full  of  books   on  manipulations. 


THE  CHICAGO  CONVENTION. 
As  may  be  noted  elsewhere  in  thi> 
number  of  The  Bee-Keeper,  the  next 
convention  of  the  National  Association 
will  be  held  in  Chicago,  in  December 
instead  of  at  San  7\.ntonio,  Texas,  a 
month  eariie"  as  fjvmarlv  decide  1. 
Tlie  reason  given  for  the  change  of 
location  is  the  fear  of  yellow  fever. 
Perhaps  this  is  the  real  and  whole 
cause;  but,  judging  the  lives  and  char- 
acter (of  some  of  those  who  have  done 
the  most  pulling  and  haulnig  to  get  the 
convention  to  Chicago)  from  tlieir  own 
writings,  it  seems  inconsistent  that 
they  should  have  such  mortal  dread 
of  a  fatal  malady.  Most  Sonthcvn  bee- 
keepers would  prefer  a  siege  of  yel- 
low  fever   to   an   experience    of   three 


IN   HEDDON'S  OWN   STYLE. 

The  Review  for  August  has  some  ex- 
ceptionally good  articles  on  production 
on  a  large  scale.  It  also  contains  a 
deliciously  crisp  letter  from  James 
Heddon,  from  which  we  copy  the  fol- 
lowing: 

"Friend  Hutchinson,  not  in  many  a 
day  have  I  read  in  the  Review  a 
brighter  contribution  than  the  one  on 
pages  212  and  213,  under  your  caption 
of  "A  Red  Hot  Letter."  The  writer 
writes  clearly  and  to  the  point,  and 
there  is  no  more  fog  connected  with 
his  opinions  than  with  his  manner  of 
expressing  them. 

"Reference  to  back  numbers  of  the 
American  Bee  Journal  and  Gleanings'; 
will  remind  you  that  the  "burning" 
truths  your  correspondent  refers  to, 
were  burning  and  discovered  many 
years  ago.  I  well  remember  one  writer 
who,  after  extolling  the  get-rich-quick 
profits  of  bee-keeping  was  reminded 
that  a  truth  might  be  told  so  many 
times  that  it  would  become  a  false- 
hood. Once  there  was  a  good  profit 
in  honey  production,  but  the  big  sup- 
ply dealers  had  to  have  it,  and  with 
their  journals  of  wide  circulation,  they 
soon  transferred  it  from  the  produc- 
ing class  to  the  middle  men;  and  it 
was  done  by  the  same  old  road. 

"I  have  no  longer  any  personal  dol- 
lar and  cent  interest  in  it,  as  the  un- 
known brood  disease  has  reduced  me, 
within  two  years,  to  only  17  colonies. 
From  Washington,  (Prof.  Frank  Ben- 
ton, proprietor)  I  received  a  circular 
letter  inquiring  as  to  whether  I  had 
anv  disease  in  my  apiary;  and  then, 
very  appropriately  (I  thought)  I  wrote 
to  the  great  Professor  all  about  my 
experiences  and  observations  relating 
to  the  disease  mentioned  above,  but 
just  as  I  expected,  I  received  no  re- 
ply; no  doubt  because  the  Professor's 
bureau  doesn't  contain  any  informa- 
tion on  the  subject.  The  Professor 
is  too  busy  counting  the  stripes  on  a 
vellow-jacket  just  discovered  by  a 
Hottentot  in  Timbuctoo.  The  "Prof." 
and  his  Washington  "Bureau"  are  a 
unique  pair.  There  is  nothing  common- 
place about  the  whole  business,  ex- 
cept the  salary,  which  is  pretty  small, 
there  being  so  many  things  the  Prof, 
needs. 

Let  us  all  petition  congress  to  raise 
that  salary." 


te 


1905- 


THE    AMERICAN    BEfi-KEEPER. 


215 


THE  "FOOLISH  VIRGINS." 
In  a  foot  note  to  a  letter  in  Glean- 
ings for  August  15th,  Editor  Root 
says:  "The  young  bees  hatching  from 
the  brood  in  the  old  hive  were  prob- 
ably attracted  to  the  new  hive  former- 
ly occupied  by  their  older  sisters  by 
the  colony  odor.  But  it  seems  a  lit- 
tle strange  that  they  should  desert 
a  hive  that  must  have  had  some  brood 
left,  and  having  the  same  colony  odor, 
for  one  having  no  brood.  Perhaps 
the  new  hive  had  a  fresher  odor." 
Perhaps  also,  Brother  Root,  it  is  just 
a  little  bit,  just  a  tiny  bit  difficult  to 
reconcile  the  myriad  exceptions  to  the 
odor  theory.  The  bees  so  unfeeling- 
ly smash  this  beloved  theory  at  such 
inopportune  times  that  one  is  led  to 
believe  that  they  do  not  appreciate 
the  difficulty  you  have  in  defending 
their  senses.  For  example,  in  answer- 
ing a  letter  containing  the  query,  "Do 
virgins  go  into  the  wrong  hive  by  mis- 
take?" you  say:  "The  instance  cited 
does  not  really  prove  anything  either 
way.  Our  large  experience  rearing 
thousands  of  queens  shows  that  vir- 
gins do  get  confused  just  as  do  young 
bees,  and  go  into  the  wrong  entrance 
sometimes.  That  a  queen  may  pur- 
posely go  into  another  entrance,  is 
not  denied.  When  a  laying  queen  has 
filled  all  the  available  cells  in  a  baby 
nucleus  full  of  eggs,  she  is  quite  lia- 
ble to  leave  for  larger  quarters,  and 
the  bees  may  or  may  not  go  with  her." 
And  yet  these  poor  confused  virgins 
(perhaps  "some  were  wise  and  some 
were  foolish")  are  welcomed  in  their 
new  quarters.  Then  too,  you  know, 
Mr.  Alley  takes  all  his  virgin  queens 
from  the  center  of  the  brood  nest  of 
one  colony  and  distributes  them  to 
different  nuclei,  turning  loose  among 
strangers  each  poor  defenceless  little 
virgin.  Strange  to  say  these  wander- 
ers from  home  are  given  a  gentle  wel- 
come; in  fact,  so  rarely  is  one  lost  that 
it  is  correct  to  define  the  practice  as 
unfailing.  It  is  not  real  kind  of  Mr. 
Alley  to  kno>.k  such  a  big  hole  in  the 
"odor  theory."  and  perhai.s  we  should 
censure  him  for  doing  such  "stunts" 
with  his  thousands  of  queens,  but  then 
you  see  he  began  it  so  many  years 
before  the  odor  theorv  was  born  that 
really  he  should  be  forgiven.  It  may 
be  barely  possible  that  Mr.  Alley's 
bees  are  unable  to  smell,  don't  you 
know,  for  the  seacoast  air  is  peculiar. 


AN    APOLOGY. 


In  The  Bee-Keeper  for  September, 
page  189,  appeared  a  criticism  on  an 
article  in  the  same  issue,  by  Mr.  J.  E. 
Johnson. 

A  recent  letter  from  Mr.  Johnson 
leads  The  Bee-Keeper  to  suspect  that 
it  may  have  gone  a  little  too  far  in 
surmising  that  he  so  readily  absorbs 
"professional"  statements.  In  fact,  it 
appears,  that  some  of  these  professors 
constitute  an  important  part  of  the 
opoosition  which  Mr.  Johnson  meets 
in  his  scientific  researches  and  experi- 
ments. 

Mr.  Johnson  also  avers  that  he  had 
no  intention  of  accusing  the  manufac- 
turers of  adulteration;  but,  in  view  of 
Prof.  Wiley's  accusations,  sought  to 
incite  an  investigation  in  the  interests 
of   truth    and   justice. 

The  editorial  comment  was  the  re- 
sult of  a  misconstruction  upon  the  pur- 
port of  Mr.  Johnson's  article,  and  we 
are  glad  to  be  corrected  and  to  tender 
our  apology  for  having  misunderstood 
the  implication  and  the  consequent  er- 
roneous comment. 


NATURAL    LAW. 


Extract  from  an  Article  by  General 
D.  L.  Adair. 

"Some  of  our  earlier  authors  in  their 
inability  to  account  for  every  motion 
of  the  bees  as  the  result  of  instinct, 
in  their  enthusiastic  admiration  have 
tried  hard  to  prove  them  endowed 
with  reason.  It  seems  to  me  that  no 
one  who  has  experience  enough  to  see 
that  under  the  same  circumstances 
their  actions  are  always  the  same,  can 
long  indulge  in  such  a  fiction.  To  at- 
tribute to  them  passions  and  emotions 
like  ours  is  simply  absurd. 

"In  all  that  bees  do  they  are  guided 
alone  by  the  immutable  laws  of  nature 
that  thev  have  no  power  of  resisting 
and  for  that  reason  all  they  do  is 
perfect.  Under  the  same  conditions 
the  same  impulse  is  always  excited. 
Not  so  with  reasonable  beings.  No 
two  communities  have  the  same  hab- 
its; no  two  governments  the  same 
laws;  no  two  mechanics  work  alike, 
except  as  they  learn  from  each  other. 
However  much  such  authors  may  have 
done  for  the  advancement  of  apicul- 
ture, their  teachings  in  this  respect  are 
almost  as  great  a  clog  to  it  as  are  the 
old  superstitions  of  those  who  leave 
it  all  to  luck." 


2l6 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


October, 


THE    IRISH-ENGLISH    CONTRO- 
VERSY. 


THE   LAW   ON   THE   BEES. 


Dowthwaite,  Keswick,  Eng., 
Sept.  5,  1905. 
Editors  American  Bee-Keeper: 

My  attention  has  been  drawn  to 
page  118  of  your  June  issue.  A  letter 
appears  from  Mr.  Thos.  I.  Weston, 
(vice  chairman  of  the  British  Bee- 
Keepers'  Association).  I  have  not 
seen  the  March  issue  referred  to,  but 
must  protest  against  Mr  Weston's 
groundless  attempt  to  belittle  the  Irish 
Bee-Keepers'  Association.  I  have  been 
in  close  touch  with  this  latter  asso- 
ciation since  1903,  as  enclosed  report 
shows,  and  am  in  a  position  to  say 
positively  that  there  are  no  internal 
quarrels,  nor  anything  but  entire  unan- 
imity in  its  working.  Also  all  its  af- 
filiated associations  are  moving  in  ac- 
cord. Two  of  the  Irish  associations, 
the  County  Cork  and  County  Dublin, 
which  are  not  affiliated,  are  also  mov- 
ing for  the  same  bill.  Sixteen  county 
councils  in  Ireland  have  now  approved 
the  bill  and  progress  will  continue  to 
be  made.  The  "Irish  Bee  Journal"  is 
the  official  organ  of  its  association, 
and  speaks  for  it  (not  being  in  the 
anomalous  position  held  by  the  Brit- 
ish Bee  Journal.)  Back  numbers  of 
the  Irish  journal  dating  from  Decem- 
ber 9,  1903,  giving  account  of  this 
move  for  legislation,  are  the  best  an- 
swer also  to  Mr.  Weston's  charge  that 
the  Irish  association  is  not  working  in 
accord  with  its  government  depart- 
ment; and  the  result  of  its  deputation, 
referred  to  by  Mr.  Weston,  was  that 
the  department  expressed  an  opinion 
that  bee-keeping  should  be  put  under 
the  working  of  the  "Diseases  of  An- 
imals Act,"  which  is  practically  the  ob- 
ject of  the  proposed  bill. 

There  has  been  friction  v;ith  the 
British  Bee-Keepers'  Association  un- 
fortunately, but  that  is  no  reason  for 
an  uncalled  for  attack  on  the  Irish 
Bee-Keepers'   Association. 

Few  will  deny  that  a  united  move 
with  Ireland  will  have  more  chance  of 
success  with  the  government  than  in- 
dependent moves.  It  is  this  fact  of 
the  independent  existence  of  the  Irish 
B.  K.  A.  as  apart  from  the  British 
B.  K.  A.  which  is  doubtless  the  cause 
of  Mr.  Weston's  letter. 

Yours  faithfully, 

GEORGE  M.  SAUNDERS. 
Honorable  Sec.  and  Treas. 


Board   of   Health   Orders   Them   Re- 

moved  from  Vesey   Street 

Building. 

Springfield,  O.,  Aug.  31. — Papers 
were  served  today  on  the  A.  I.  R00I 
Company,  of  Medina,  Ohio,  the  largesi 
bee  dealers  in  the  world,  ordering  thetr 
to  remove  at  once  from  the  roo: 
of  a  building  at  No.  44  Vesey  street 
New  York,  more  than  ten  million  bees 
which  are  kept  at  an  agency  of  th< 
Root  company  at  that  place.  The  or 
der  is  issued  by  the  Board  of  Healtl 
of  New  York  city. 

The  complaint  was  made  to  th« 
board  by  a  candy  dealer  about  a  bloct 
from  the  agency  that  the  bees  ate  his 
store  of  candy  and  at  the  same  tim< 
stung  his  employes.  The  companj 
has  already  decided  to  ignore  the  or 
der  of  the  board  of  health  and  to  figh' 
the  case  in  the  courts  if  necessary. 

The  candy  man  telephoned  to  W 
A.  Clark,  Health  Commissioner  Dar- 
lington's private  secretary,  last  Sat 
urday  and  requested  that  inspector! 
be  sent  immediately  to  disperse  ai 
army  of  bees  that  occupied  twenty 
eight  hives  on  the  roof  of  No.  4. 
Vesey  street.  He  said  that  the  bee.' 
were  causing  him  a  considerable  finan 
cial  loss. — New  York  Tribune. 


"The  Honey-Money  Stories'  is  th( 
title  of  a  64-page  booklet  just  issuec 
by  Geo.  W.  York  &  Co.,  Chicago.  T 
is  unique  in  style  and  is  calculated  tc 
do  missionary  work  among  the  masses 
in  the  interest  of  the  honey  business 
It  presents  thirty-three  illustrations,  is 
beautifully  printed  on  plated  stock 
and  sells  for  25  cents.  It  is  a  book 
that  will  not  fail  to  interest  every  bee 
keeper;  nor  any  one  else,  for  that  mat- 
ter. It  is  cheap  at  .a  "quarter,"  and 
those  who  send  to  the  publishers  foi 
one  at  334  Dearborn  street,  Chicago, 
will  get  their  money's  worth. 


The  world  is  a  looking  glass. 

Wherein  ourselves  are  shown. 
Kindness  for  kindness,  cheer  for  cheer, 
Coldness  for  gloom,  repulse  for  fear — 

To   every   soul    its    own. 
We  can  not  change  the  world  a  whit, 
Only  ourselves  which  look  in  it. 

— Susan  Coolidge. 


"I  have  found  you  an  argument;  I 
am  not  obliged  to  find  you  an  under- 
standing."— Johnson. 


Buffalo,    Sept.    5.— We    quote    fancy    white 
new  comb  honey  at  14-ir)C;  No.  2,  ll-12c;  No. 
•'(    3,    8-lOc.        Old    stock    very    dull    and    Blow 
sale   at   low   prices.      Demand   for   new   crop 
improving.  Batterson  &  Co. 


HONEY  AND  BEESWAX  MARKET. 


Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Sept.  7. — The  market 
on  white  comb  honey,  fancy,  is  very  strong 
at  present,  the  demand  exceeding  the  sup- 
ply; 24  section  cases  selling  at  $3.00.  Extract- 
ed, fancy  white,  selling  at  6%c  and  Amber 
and  other  grades  at  5c  up.  Beeswax  28c  per 
pound.  We  look  for  the  market  to  con- 
tinue firm.  C.  C.  Clemons  &  Co. 


Cincinnati,  Sept.  7. — There  is  little  to  re- 
port since  our  quotation  two  weeks  ago.  The 
supply  of  both  comb  and  extracted  honey 
is  fair,  and  the  demand  is  good.  We  offer 
extracted  honey  as  follows  Amber,  in  bar- 
rels and  cans  at  5%-6%c,  respectively. 
White  clover,  at  7-8%c.  Fancy  white  comb 
honey  at  12-15c.  Beeswax  is  wanted  at  29c. 
The  Fred  W.  Muth  Co. 

51   Walnut   St 


Denver,  July  31. — No  new  honey  offered; 
crop  will  be  very  light.  There  is  plenty  of 
last  season's  stock  to  supply  the  demand. 
We  quote  our  market  today:  No.  1,  $2.20  to 
$2.40  per  case;  No.  2,  $1.75  to  $2.00;  ex- 
tracted,   eVa    to   71/2;    beeswax,    25c. 

Colorado  Honey  Producers  Association. 

1440    Market    St. 


Chicago  Aug.  4. — Fancy  white,  14;  No.  1 
white,  13@13%;  fancy  amber,  11@12;  No. 
1  amber,  9@10;  fancy  dark,  10;  No.  1  dark, 
9;  white  extracted,  6@7;  amber  5@6;  dark, 
5@5%;  beeswax,  28.  The  new  crop  is  ap- 
pearing and  selling  in  a  fair  way  consider- 
ing  that    it    is   midsummer. 

R.     A.     Burnett    &    Co., 


Chicago,  Aug.  18. — The  demand  has  ab- 
sorbed all  the  offerings  of  fancy  and  A  No. 
1  grades  of  white  comb  honey  at  14c,  while 
No.  1  has  sold  at  13@13%c.  No  call  at 
present  for  other  than  the  best  grade,  it 
really  being  difficult  to  place  what  ordinari- 
ly is  called  No.  1.  Extracted  white,  6@7c; 
amber,  light  and  dark,  5@6c;  beeswax  28c 
per     lb.  R.     A.     Burnett     &     Co. 

199    S.    Water   St. 


The  next  annual  convention  of  the 
National  Bee-Keepers'  Associationwill 
be  held  at  San  Antonio,  Texas,  Oc- 
tober 31st  to  November  ist. 


"Where    words    are    scarce    they're 
seldom  spent  in  vain." — Shakespeare. 


Four  New  Departments 


I  publish  and  recommend  to  you  THE 
RURAL  BEE-KEEPER,  the  best  all- 
round  51.00  nionthlv  bee  journal  in 
America.  On  trial  three  months  for 
this  ad.  with  25c.  Or  send  us  50c  for  a 
three  months'  trial  and  your  name  and 
address  on  a  two-line  rubber  stamp 
(self-inking  pad   25c  extra.)      Or 

Send  us  $1.50  and  get  the 
Rural  Bee  Keeper  one  year 

and  an  untested  Italian  queen  bee. 
Sample  copy  free.  Agent?  got  liberal 
tern-is. 

We  count  that  day  lost  which  does 
not  show  some  improvement  in  THE 
RURAL  BEE-KEEPER.  So  soon  as 
we  can  find  the  right  party  to  conduct 
the  departments,  we  will  establish  a 
department  for  advanced  bee-keepers 
and  a  kindergarten  for  the  new  be- 
ginners. We  f.lso  want  to  benefit  our 
readers  in  the  West  and  want  to  es- 
tablish a  "Department  of  the  Middle 
West"  and  a  "Pacific  Coast  Depart- 
ment." Our  Foreign  and  South;-rn  De- 
partments are  very  gratifying  to  us. 

We  solicit  your  subscription  and 
your   moral   support. 


W.   H.  PUTNAM 

RIVER   FALLS,    ■WISCONSIN 


Are  You  Interested? 

The  New  South  today  holds  forth 
greater  inducements  to  the  homeseeker 
and  investor  than  any  other  portion  of 
America. 

Florida  leads  all  other  Southern  states 
in  the  matter  of  inviting  propositions  to 
those  who  seek  a  genial,  healthful  cli- 
mate and  profitable  business  opportuni- 
ties. 

St.  Lucie  is  the  banner  county  of 
Florida,  when  it  comes  to  home-making 
and  money-making  facilities,  and  its 
healthfulness  is  unsurpassed  anywhere 
on  earth. 

The  St.  Lucie  County  Tribune  is 
the— well,  modesty  forbids  our  repeating 
the  public  verdict  in  regard  to  The 
Tribune.  It  is  published  weekly  at  Fort 
Pierce,  the  county  seat,  at  $i.oo  a  year. 
Three  months'  trial  subscription,  25c, 
Sample  copy  for  the  asking.  If  you  are 
interested  in  Florida,  a  postal  card  in- 
quiry will  bring  it.     Write  today. 

St.  Lucie    County  Tribune 

FORT  PIERCE,  iFL'A. 


ONE-HALF  INCH  SPACE  ONE  YEAR  ON  IHIS  PAGE,  $3.00. 


W.     J.     DAVIS,     1st,     YOUNGSVILLE,     PA., 

breeder  of  choice  Italian  Bees  and  Queens 
Quality,    not   quantity,    is   my   motto. 


DEWEY'S  HARDY  HONEY  GATHEREKS.— 

Reared  under  swarming  impulse  through- 
out the  year.  Large,  strong,  healthy.  Send 
for  card,  'Can  I  Control  Swarming.'  Original. 
Untested,  75c.,  6  for  $5.00;  tested,  $1.50,  6 
for  $5.00.  Choice,  $2.50.  High  grade  breeders, 
$2.00  to  $10.     E.  H.  DEWEY,  Gt.  Barrington, 


QUEENS  HERE. — We  are  still  asking  you 
to  give  us  your  trade.  We  sell  Italians, 
Goldens  and  Carniolans  at  75c  for  untested 
and  $1.00  for  tested.  Prices  on  quantities 
and  nuclei  upon  application.  JOHN  W. 
PHARR,  Berclair,  Texas.  Jan6 


SWARTHMORE  APIARIES,  SWARTH- 
MOORE,  PA. — Our  bees  and  queens  are  the 
brightest  Italians  procurable.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed.  Correspondence  in  English, 
French,  German  and  Spanish.  Shipments  to 
ail   parts  of   the   world. 


W.  W.  CARY  &  SON,  LYONSVILLE,  MASS. 

— Breeders  of  choice  Italian  bees  and 
queens.  Imported  Leather  and  Root's  Red 
Clover  strains.   Catalogue  and  price  list  free. 


MOORE'S      LONG-TONGUED      STRAIN      of 

Italians  become  more  and  more  popular 
each  year.  Those  who  have  tested  them  know 
why.  Descriptive  circular  free  to  all.  Write 
J.  P.  MOORE,  L.  Box  1,  Morgan,  Ky. 


HONEY  QUEENS  AND  BEES  FOR  SALE. — 

I  extracted   300  pounds  per  colony   in   1903. 
THOS.  WORTHINGTON,  Leota,  3Ii8s.      Aug5 


PUNIC   BEES. — All   other  i-aces  are   discard- 
ed,    after    trial    of    these    wonderful    bees. 
Particulars  post  free.  JOHN  HEWITT  &  CO., 
Sbeftield,  England.  Jan6 


THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Walnut  St. 
Cincinnati,  O.  Standard  Bred  Red  Clove 
Three-banded  Queens,  Golden  Italians  am 
Carniolans.  Safe  arrival  guaranteed.  Sem 
for  circular. 


THE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO.,  Medina,   O. 
of  Italian  bees  and  queens. 


QUEENS  from  Jamaica  any  day  in  the  year 
Untested,  66c.;  tested,  $1.00;  select  tested 
$1.50.  Our  queens  are  reared  from  the  ver; 
finest  strains.  GEO.  W.  PHILLIPS,  Sav-La 
Mar  P.  O.,  Jamaica,  W.  I.  5- 


D.  J.  BLOCHER,  Pearl  City,  Ii-. — Breeder  o 

Fine   Italian   Bees  and   Queens.      Our  stocl 

speaks    for   itself.      Safe   arrival   of   all   stocl 

guaranteed.     Free  information.  Jan* 


LAWRENCE    C.    MILLER   has    sold    out   hi 

"Providence  Queen"  business  to  Cull  &  WH- 
Hams,  Providence,  R.  I.  See  large  ad  else- 
wliere. 


C.  H.  W.  WEBER,  Cincinnati,  O.— (Cor,  Cen- 
tral   and    Freeman    Aves.) — Golden   Tellow 
Red  Clover  and  Carniolan  queens,   bred  from 
select    mothers    in    separate    apiaries. 


JOHN    31.    DAVIS,    Spring    Hill,    Tenn. — Has 

greatly  enlarged  and  improved  his  queen- 
rearjng  facilities.  Two  unrelated  Carniolans 
and  a  dark  leather  Italian  lately  imported 
My  own  strains  of  three-band  and  golden: 
"Moore's"  long-tongue;  Doolittle's  golden;  all 
selects.  Carniolans  mated  to  Italian  drones 
when  desired.     No  disease.     Circular  free. 


QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER,     has     an 

exceptionally  hardy  strain  of  Italian  bees; 
they  wintered  on  their  summer  stands  within 
a  few  miles  of  bleak  Lake  Erie  .  Send  for 
free  circular.     Bellevue,  Ohio.  5-5 


HONEY  DEALERS'  DIRECTORY 


! 


i^"Under  this  heading  will  be  inserted,  for  reliable  dealers,  two  lines  on© 
year  for  $1.25.  Additional  words,  12c  a  word.  No  announcement  can 
be  accepted  for  less  than  one  year  at  these  rates._jaRj 


OHIO. 


C.  H.  W.  WEBER,  Freeman  and  Central 
Aves.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  If  for  sale,  mail 
sample,  and  state  price  expected,  delivered 
In  Cincinnati.  If  in  want,  write  for  prices, 
and    state    quality    and    quantity    desired. 

5-5 


WE  are  always  in  the  market  for  extracted 
honey,  as  we  sell  unlimited  quantities.  Send 
us  a  sample  and  your  best  price  delivered 
here.  The  Fred  W.  Muth  Co.,  51  Walnut 
St.,    Cincinnti,    O.  5-5 


COLORADO. 


THE  COLOR.^DO  HONEY  PRODUCERS' 
ASSOCIATION,  1440  Market  St.,  Denver, 
Colo.  5 


ILLINOIS. 


R.    A.    BURNETT    &    CO.,    199    South    Water 
Street,    Chicago.  5-5 


Cent-a=Word  Column. 


AGENTS  WANTED. — To  sell  advertising 
novelties,  good  commission  allowed.  Send 
for  catalogue  and  terms.  American  Manu- 
facturing  Concern,    Falconer,    N.    T. 


THE  BUSY  MAN'S  METHOD  OF  REARING 
GOOD  QUEENS. — This  leaflet  describes 
the  method  used  in  rearing  the  Hardy 
Honey  Gatherers  (read  elsewhere),  and  if 
carefully  followed  will  produce  queens  of 
great  merit.  No  loss  of  brood,  no  cell-cups, 
and  but  litttle  time  required.  Large  queens 
under  swarming  impulse.  Nothing  artificial 
about  it.  Every  queen-breeder  needs  it. 
Price  25  cents.  E.  H.  DEWEY,  Gt.  Barringr- 
ton,  3Ias8. 


ITALIAN      and      CARNIOLAN      QUEENS.— 

The  Bankston  Baby  Nucleus  and  the 
Bankston  nursery  cage.  Untested  queens 
50  cents  each;  tested,  75c.  Baby  nucleus, 
nailed  ready  for  use,  35  cents.  Nursery 
cage,  35  cents  bv  mail  with  printed  in- 
structions. C.  B.  BANKSTON,  Milano,  Mi- 
lam County,  Texas.  Sep5 


BEWARE 

V/HERE   YOU    BUY  YOUR 

BEEWARE 

fl r^"  \  A/  I  o  ¥ 

IWA  TERTO  WN^  %#     I     ^^      S 


MAKES  THE    FfNEST 


INCREASE  is  a  handsome  little  book  telling 
how  to  form  new  colonies  without  break- 
ing working  stocks.  A  simple,  sure  satis- 
factory plan.  2  5c.  Baby  Nuclei  tells  how 
to  mate  many  cjueens  from  sections  with  a 
mere  handful  of  bees.  42  pages,  20  pic- 
tures; plain  and  simple  plan.  50c.  Queens 
and  queen  rearing  outfits  for  sale.  Golden 
all-over  and  Caucasian  Queens.  Circulars 
free.    E.  L..  PRATT,  Swarthmore,  Pa. 


Please  mention 


The  American  Bee-Keeper 


When  writing  to  advertisers. 


G.  B,  LEWIS  COMPANY, 
BEE-KEEPERS^  SUPPLIES 

Watertown,  Wis. 

Kastern  Agents:  Fred  "W.  Muth  Co.,  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio,  51  Walnut  Street;  C.  M.  Scott 
&  Co.,  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  1004  E.  "Washing- 
ton St.,  Norris  &  Anspach,  Kenton,  Ohio, 
Cleaver   &   Greene,    Troy,   Penn. 


Learn  Telegraphy  and  R.  R.  Accounting 


$50  to  $100  per  month  salary  assured  our 
graduates  under  bond.  Tou  don't  pay 
us  until  you  have  a  position.  Largest 
system  of  telegraph  schools  in  America. 
Endorsed  by  all  railway  officials.  Ope- 
rators always  in  demand.  Ladies  also 
admitted.      Write   for   Catalogue. 

MORSE  SCHOOL  OF  TELEGRAPHY 

Cincinnati,  O.,      Buffalo,  N.  T.,      Atlanta,  Ga. 

Texarkana,   Tex.,       San  Francisco,   Cal. 
Nov.    5.  LaCrosse,    Wis. 


II 


Our  Special   Premium  Offer. 

We  have  been  successful  in  closing  a  contract  with  the  Selden  Pen  Mfg.  Co. 
of   New    York,    whereby   for   a   limited     time     we     can     supply     a     guaranteed 

$  2.00     Gold     Fountain    Pen. 

"THE  CElTRIC  model   i" 

and  the  American  Bee-Keeper  one  year  for  only  90  cents,  to  every  subscriber, 
OLD  or  NEW.  The  pen  will  be  forwarded  immediately  upon  receipt  of  the 
money.  It  is  made  of  the  best  quality  of  hard  rubber  in  four-parts,  and  fitted 
with  a  guaranteed  irridium  pointed  14-k  GOLD  PEN.  The  "fountain"  Is 
throughout  of  the  simplest  construction  and  can  not  get  out  of  order,  overflow, 
or  fail  to  supply  ink  to  the  nib. 

"A  Fountain  Pen  is  a  Necessity 
of  The  Twentieth  Century." 

It   dispenses  with   the  inconvenient   inkstand    and    is    always    ready    for    use. 

<'T'T_TT7  C'fjl  "TT^TC  TVrOFi'R'T  1*  bears  the  manufacturer's  guarantee  that 
1  n.C.    y^i:.L.  l  IVIV...    1\1\JLJI:.1^    >  tj^g   pg^^    jg   g^jj^j  gold,    14-k   fine.      If 

does  not  prove  satisfactory  in  every  way  we  will  exchange  it  for  another,  or  re- 
turn the  fifty  cents  additional  upon   return    of    the    pen. 

This  is  an  unusual  opportunity  to  secure,  at  a  very  low  price,  an  article 
of  superior  quality  that  is  coming  to  be  essential  to  the  comfort  and  convenience 
of   every   one   who   writes.      REMEMBEK  that  the  offer  is  for  a  short  time  only. 

THE  AMERICAN   BEE-KEEPER,    Falconer,    N.    Y. 


Special  Notice 
to  Bee-keepers. 

BOSTON 

Money   in  Bees  for  You 
Cata'og  Price  on 

Root's    Supplies 

Catalog  for  the  Asking 

r.   H.  FARMER,  182   FRIEND  STREET, 
BOSTON,  MASS. 

>  Up   First    Flight        


AGENTS 


YOU    CAN    DO  IT 


4GENTS 


Medallions  "Peuro  or  Pearl"  New  Me- 
dallions, Quick  sellers.  Big  money. 
Write  at  once.  Special  territory 
given.  Largest  Medallion  Co.  in  the 
World.  Agents'  supplies.  Novelties 
up-to-date.     Write  now. 

Universal  Manuf  actnring  Co., 

Pittsbnrg,  Pa. 


Read  This  and  Do  It  Quick 


All   One 
Year  $1.40. 

Without 

Gleanings 

80  Cents. 


The   Modern   Farmer, 

Green's    Fruit    Grower, 

Agricultural    Epitomist, 

The    Mayflower    and 

Ten  Beautiful  Flowering  Bulbs, 

Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture, 

American   Bee-Keeper. 


Without  Gleanings  and  American  Bee-Keeper 
50c.     Good  only  a  short  time.     Address 

Modern  Farmer,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

Box  15.  The  clean  farm  paper. 


Every  person  who  keeps  pigeons,  Belgian 
hares,  cavies,  dogs,  cats  or  a  pet  of  any 
kind  to  send  for  a  free  sample  of  the 

PET  STOCK  PAPER 

Address     Box     20.     -     -     -     -     -     York,     Pa. 


PROVIDENCE    QUEENS 


THE    BEST    YET.   Jt  jIt  ^  jt  jIt  ^ 


I  wish  to  announce  to  my  pat- 
rons and  other  interested  per- 
sons that  r  have  sold  my  queen 
business,  breeding  stock  and 
trade  name  to  Messrs.  Cull  & 
Williams  of  this  city. 

This  firm  handles  a  full  line  of 
beekeepers'  supplies,  bees  and 
queens,  and  I  ask  for  them  your 
good  will  and  patronage. 


LAWRENCE    C.    MILLER 

PROVIDENCE,  R.  I. 


'    Months  for    Only  ?0    Cents. 
To   a    A  eiv   Sttbscriber. 


THE 

AMERICAN  BEE  JOURNAL 

Established  in  1861 

It  is  the  only  -weekly  bee  paper  in  America. 
Those  who  write  for  it  are  among  the  most 
extensive  and  successful  bee-keepers  in  the 
world.  Many  of  them  produce  honey  by  the 
ton,  and  make  money  at  the  business,  hence 
their  experience  is  valuable. 

Among  the  Departments  Represented  in  the 
Bee  Journal  Are  These: 

Editorial  Notes  and  Comments;  Mis- 
cellaneous News  Items;  Contributed 
Special  Articles:  Opinions  of  Some  Ex- 
perts; Proceedings  of  Conventions;  Our 
Bee-Keeping  Sisters:  Mr.  Hasty's  After- 
thoughts; Dr.  Miller's  Answers  to 
Questions;  Honey  and  Beeswax  Mar- 
ket Quotations. 

Every  bee-keeper,  whether  having  one 
colony  or  100,  should  read  the  old  American 
Bee  Journal  every  week. 

Only  $1.00  a  year;  or  20  cents  for  a  trial  trip 
of  three  months,  (13  copies),  to  a  new  sub- 
scriber.   Sample  copy  free.    Ask  for  it. 

George  W.  York  ®  Co. 

334  Dearborn  Street  Chicago  Illinois 


Big  Song  Book 


"Polly,  I  Love  But  You,"  words  and  mu- 
sic; "Piking  the  Pike,"  "Just  Because 
I'm  From  Missouri,"  "Hiawatha," 
"Navajo,"  "Bedelia,"  "Josie,"  "Only  a 
Factory  Girl,"  "Flirting  at  the  Sea- 
shore," "The  Little  Brown  Man  of  Ja- 
pan," "Come  Down,  Miss  Mallnda,"  "Ma 
Ragtime  Ebony  Belle,"  and  44  other 
popular  songs,  all  in  one  book,  and  sent 
postpaid  for  only  10  cents  We  will  also 
send  a  coupon  good  for  10  cents  to 
every  one  mentioning  In  what  paper  they 
saw   this   ad. 


This  is  a  special  offer  to  introduce  our 
goods,  so  send  at  once. 


H.  D.  LEADER  CO. 

tf  GRAND  RAPIDS,   MICH. 


MUSIC  LOVERS 

BIG  M4GAZINE  ONE  YEAR  FOR  TEN  CENTS 

Send  us  10  cents  in  silver,  together 
with  the  names  of  ten  persons  who 
get  mail  at  your  postofHce  who  are 
interested  in  MUSIC,  and  we  will 
send  you  our  handsome  magazine 
one  year.  We  receive  hundreds  of 
new  subscriptions  daily  from  per- 
sons who  think  our  magazine  a  big- 
ger bargain  than  Harper's,  Mun- 
sey's.  Ladies'  Home  Journal,  or 
McClure's.  This  is  a  special  offer 
for   a   short    time   only. 


OUR    SUBSCRIPTION     PRICE    MAY 
ADVANCE  TO   $1    PER  YEAR  SOON 


BERGES    PUBLISHING   CO. 

Dept.  H.  D.  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


Beeswax 
Wanted 


We  will  pay  28  cents  cash  or  30 
cents  in  goods  for  good  quality  of 
Beeswax,  freight  paid  to  Falconer,  N. 
Y.  If  you  have  any,  ship  it  to  us  at 
once.  Prices  subject  to  change  with- 
out notice. 

THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MFG  CO. 


3  and  5=Banded  Italian 
and  Carniolan  Queens. 

Say  friends,  you  who  have  support- 
ed us  during  the  past  season,  we 
desire  to  express  our  thanks  for 
your  patronage  in  the  past,  and 
respectfully  solicit  a  continuance  of 
your  valued  favors  through  the  sea- 
son of  1904. 

Our  queens  now  stand  upon  their 
merits  and  former  record.  We  are 
preparing  for  next  season,  and  seek- 
ing the  patronage  of  large  apiarists 
and  dealers.  We  do  not  claim  that 
our  queens  are  superior  to  all  oth- 
ers, but  that  they  are  as  good  as 
the  best.  We  will  furnish  from  one 
to  a  thousand  at  the  following 
prices:  "-^sted  of  either  race,  $1; 
one  uute  d,  75c.,  5  for  $3.25,  lO 
for  $6.  15  for  $8.25,  25  for  $12.50,  50 
for  $23.50,  100  for  $45. 
For  descriptive  circulars  address, 

JOHN  W,  PHARR,  Prop., 

New  Century  Queen  Rearing  Co.,  Ber- 
clair,  Goliad  Co.,  Texas. 


Bee-Keepers 

We  carry  a  full  line  of  Fal- 
coner's Bee-keepers'  Sup- 
plies, and  that  means  the 
best,  and  sell  them  at  factory 
prices,  f.o.b.  Savannah,  Ga. 
Order  from  us  and  save  freight 
charges.  Catalogue  free  for 
the  asking. 

Harden  &  Rourk 

Savannah,  Ga. 


Chance 

Of  a  Life  Time. 


It 

id 


ion    Wanted  to  raise 
*^"  Belgians 

Send  for  particulars  and    sample   copy 
of  the  only 

Belgian  Hare  Journal 


Published  in  America. 

Judge  R.  J.  FINLEY, 

227  Lamb  St  ,  MACON,  Mo. 


To    Subscribers    of 

THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 

And    Others! 

Until  Further  Notice 

We     Wm     Send     The 

Country 
Journal 

to  any  address  in  the  U.  S.  A.  one 
year  for  10  cents,  providing  you  mention 
American    Bee-Keeper. 

The  Country  Journal  treats  on  Farm, 
Orchard  and  Garden,  Poultry  and  Fash- 
ion. It's  the  best  paper  printed  for 
the    price. 

Address 

The  Country  Journal, 

2tf.  Allentown,  Pa. 


)l 


lUl 


W.  M.  Gerrish,  R.  F.  D.,  Epping,  N.  H., 
keeps  a  complete  supply  of  our  goods,  and 
Eastern  customers  will  save  freight  by  order- 
ing  of   him. 

THE   W.   T.   FAI^CONEB   MFG.    CO. 


^ENTS  Wanted 


In  every  town  for  our 

Washing  Machines. 

You  can  double  your  money  every  time  you  sell  one 

id  they  sell  easily.     We  have  sold  over   150,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years.      They 
e  cheaper  than  e^'er.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co.,    Jamestown,  N.Y. 


PROFIT 

By    Studying    Our 

lome  Nursing  Series 

New    Books    for    the    Home. 

owe  —  "The        Expectant        Mother," 

l2mo.,     net 50 

Imer — "Practical    Care   of   the   Baby," 

2mo..    Extra    Cloth $1.00 

pp — "The    Daughter."    Extra   Cloth...    1.00 
ernsey — "Plain      Talks      on      Avoided 
lubjects,"     1.00 

A.   DAVIS  CO.,    Publishers 

MAIL,    OKDEK    DEPT. 

4-16   Cherry   St.    -      -        Fhiladelphia,   Pa. 


National  Bee>>Keepers'  Association, 

The  largest  bee-keepers'  society   in  the 
world . 

Organized    to  protect    and  promote   the 
interests  of  its  members. 

Memberghlp  Fee,  $1.00  ■  Year. 

N.E.FRANCE,  Platteville,  Wis., 

General  Manager  and  Treasurei 


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miration as  a 
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a  r  V        family 

— ~^~"~~—~^~~"       MAGAZINE. 

It     entertains     its     readers     with     good, 

short  stories,  sketches  and  poems  by   the 

nost   famous   authors   of   the   day  and   Is 

magazine    of    superior    merit. 

It  is  a  welcome  visitor  In  every  home. 

Price  25  cents  a  year. 

We  wish  to  have  our  magazine  in  your 
/icinity  and  as  a  special  offer  for  new 
eaders    we    will    send    you 

)unshine  for  1  Year  for  10c. 

Think   of   It,    less   than    one   cent   a   copy. 
Can't  you  act  as  our  agent? 

ADD.  MAYES  PliIB.  CO., 

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tions strictly  confidential.  Handbook  on  Patents 
sent  tree.  Oldest  agency  for  securing  patents. 

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year ;  four  months,  *1.    Sold  by  all  newsdealers. 

MUNN  iCo.^^'^-^''-^- New  York 

Branch  Office.  625  F  St..  Washington.  D.  C. 


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For 


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How  we  make  our  hens  pay  400 
per  cent,  profit,  new  system,  our 
own  method,  fully  explained  in 
our  Illustrated  Poultry  Book,  which  contains 
Poultry  Keeperc'  Acc't  and  Egg  Record  showing 
gains  or  losses  eve:-  month  for  one  year.  Worth  25 
cts,  sent  to  you  for  l*.c.  If  you  will  send  names  of  5 
poultry  keepers  wlthyour  order.  Address, 
6.  8.  VIBBERT.  P.B.  56.  Clintonvilie.  Conn 


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before  seeing  a  copy  of  THE  FARM  AND 
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and  the  Homeseekers  that  you  can  ad- 
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Seasonable 


\ 


Glass  Honey^Packages. 

Anticipating  a  demand  for  honey  jars  and  bot- 
tles we  have  put  in  two  carloads  of  stock  before 
the  summer  shut-down  of  the  glass  factories,  so 
that  we  are  prepared  to  furnish  the  various  jars 
listed  in  our  catalog.  We  have  also  a  few  odds 
and  ends  of  stock,  such  as  we  formerly  listed, 
which  we  offer,  to  close  out,  as  follows.  We  can- 
not duplicate  these  when  present  stock  is  sold: 

1-lb.  tin-top  tumblers.  No.  789,  5  bbls.  of  200 
each,  at  $-1.50  per  bbl. 

1  l-"2-lb.  tin-top  glass  paiis.  No.  778,  2  bbls.  of  100 
each,  at  $5.00  per  bbl. 

Large  lb.  tin-top  glass  pail.  No.  777.  1  bbl.  of 
1.50,  $.=).00. 

Small  lb.  tin-top  glass  pail.  No.  77(1,  1  bbl.  of  200, 
$5.50. 

1-lb.  Oaken  Bucket,  tin  top,  with  wire  bale,  1 
bbl.  of  150,  for  $5.00. 

These  prices  are  all  a  dollar  a  barrel  less  than 
we  used  to  sell  these  tumblers  and  pails  at.  We 
have  also  a  little  loose  stock  which  we  will  pack 
and  include  at  the  same  rate. 

Special  Price  on  Tin  Cans. 

We  recently  secured  a  special  bargain  in  half- 
gallon  square  cans.  They  are  choice  bright  stock; 
but  as  the  pattern  differed  slightly  from  the  regu- 
lar one  they  are  now  making,  they  closed  them 
out  at  a  special  price.  We  have  also  an  over- 
stock of  quart  oblong  square  cans.  While  this 
stock  lasts  we  will  make  the  following  prices  for 
shipment  from  Medina  only: 

1-4-gal.  oblong  square  cans  with  1  1-2-inch 
screw.  $5.00  per  100;  $45.00  per  1000. 

i-2-gal.  square  cans  with  1-inch  screws,  $6.00 
per  100. 

1-2-gal.  square  cans  with  1  1-4-inch  screws,  $6.50 
per  100. 

l-2.gal.  square  cans  with  1  1-2  inch  screws,  $7.00 
per  100. 

In  500  lots,  50c  per  100  less. 

W'e  have  also  a  good  stock  of  one-  and  five-gal- 
lon cans  at  regular  prices. 

Second^Hand  Five^Gallon   Cans. 

We  have  to  offer  a  quantity  of  second-hand  five- 
gallon  honey  cans  in  good  condition  for  use  again, 
especially  for  amber  or  low  grades  of  honey.     We 


offer  the  best  of  them  at  $4.50  for  10  boxes  of  I 
cans  each;  $10.00  for  25  boxes.  We  have  sc 
which  are  not  so  bright,  and  yet  are  honey-ti( 
that  we  will  furnish  at  10  cents  a  box  less.  ' 
boxes  in  which  the  cans  are  shipped  are  <• 
second-hand,  but  will  be  put  in  good  condil 
when  shipped. 

Wide=Mouth  Mason   Fruit=Jars. 

The  carload  price  on  Mason   fruit   jars  is  ovi 
dollar   a  gross  higher   this   year   than   last, 
carried  over   quite  a  large   stock,   which   we 
sell  at  the  same  prices  as  heretofore— namely: 

Pint doz.  52c.     6  doz $3.00  12  doz $ 

Quart. .doz.  5.5c.    6  doz 3.10  12  doz 

1-2-gal. .doz.  75c.    6  doz 4.10  12  doz 

Triumph  wrench,  15c  each. 

[•$  Ball's  waxed  rings,  5c  per  dozen.  These 
far  superior  to  rubber  rings  for  fruit  jars, 
cheaper. 

In  addition  to  the  regular  style  of  Mason  ; 
we  have  a  stock  of  wide-mouth  special  Mas< 
with  3-inch  openings.  These  are  especially 
sirable  for  canning  large  fruit  whole,  or  for  p; 
ing  chunk  comb  honey.  These  jars  are  of  e: 
quality,  and  cost  $1.65  per  gross  more  than 
regular  pattern.  As  we  do  not  list  them  we  c 
our  present  stock  at  an  advance  of  10c  per  do: 
$1.20  per  gross,  on  any  size.  They  have  zinc  c 
and  rubber  rings.  We  have  no  wax  rings  of 
right  size  to  fit  these  jars.  They  are  a  barg 
at  this  price. 


Caucasian  Queens. 


We  can  spare  a  limited  number  of  impoi 
Caucasian  queens,  received  direct  from  the  I 
breeders  in  Caucasus.     Prices  as  follows: 


Extra  select  Caucasian  imported  queens, 

Select  Caucasian  imported  queen, 

Extra  select   untested    Caucasian-Italian 

queens,  from  Caucasian  mothers  mated 

with  Italian  drones         ... 

Select  untested  Caucasian-Italian  queens, 

from    Caucasian   mothers   mated    with 

Italian  drones         ..... 


Orders    filled     in 
about  July  15. 


rotation.       Delivery    beg 


COMPLETE  CATALOG  ON  REQUEST. 


THE  A.  L  ROOT  COMPAIST! 


MEDINA,   OHIO 


i 


i 


I 


BRANCHES: 

144  E.  Erie  St.,  Chicago         10  Vine  St.,  Philadelphia         44  Vesey  St.,  New  York 


^ 


NOVEMBER 


Entered  at  the  Postoffice,  Fort  Pierce,  Fla.,   as  secoud-class  matter. 


I 


Homes  in 

Old  Virginia. 

It  is  gradually  brought  to  light 
that  the  Civil  war  has  made  great 
changes,  freed  the  slaves,  ^.nd  in 
consequence  has  made  the  large 
land  owners  poor  and  finally  freed 
the  land  from  the  original  owners 
who  would  not  sell  until  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  There  are  some 
of  the  finest  lands  in  the  market  at 
very  low  prices,  lands  that  produce 
all  kinds  of  crops,  grasses,  fruits, 
and  berries;  fine  for  stock.  You 
find  green  truck  patches,  such  as 
cabbage,  turnips,  lettuce,  kale, 
spinach,  etc.,  growing  all  the  win- 
ter. The  climate  is  the  best  all  th» 
year  around  to  be  found,  not  too 
cold  nor  too  warm.  Good  water. 
Healthy.  Railroads  running  in 
every  direction.  If  you  desire  to 
know  all  about  Virginia  send  10c. 
for   three    months    subscription    of 

the   VIRGINIA   FARMER  to 

Farmer  Co.,  Emporia,  Va. 


Are  You  Interested? 

The  New  South  today  holds  forth 
greater  inducements  to  the  homeseeker 
and  investor  than  any  other  portion  of 
America. 

Florida  leads  all  other  Southern  states 
in  the  matter  of  inviting  propositions  to 
those  who  seek  a  genial,  healthful  cli- 
mate and  profitable  business  opportuni- 
ties. 

St.  Lucie  is  the  banner  county  of 
Florida,  when  it  comes  to  home-making 
and  money-making  facilities,  and  its 
healthfulness  is  unsurpassed  anywhere 
on  earth. 

The  St.  Lucie  County  Tribune  is 
the — well,  modesty  forbids  our  repeating 
the  public  verdict  in  regard  to  The 
Tribune.  It  is  published  weekly  at  Fort 
Pierce,  the  county  seat,  at  $i.oo  a  year. 
Three  months'  trial  subscription,  25c, 
Sample  copy  for  the  asking.  If  you  are 
interested  in  Florida,  a  postal  card  in- 
quiry will  bring  it.     Write  today. 

St.  Lucie    County   Tribune 

FORT  PIERCE,  IFIIA. 


THE  NEBRASKA  FARM  JOURNAI 
A  monthly  journal  devoted  to  agrf. 
cultural  interests.  Largest  circulation 
of  any  agricultural  paper  in  the  west 
It  circulates  is  Missouri,  Kansas,  Ne< 
braska,  Iowa  and  Colorado. 

O.  A.  DOUGLASS, 

Itf  Lincoln,  Neb 


THE  DIXIE  HOME  MAGAZINE 

10c  a  year.  Largest,Brlghtest  and  Finest  lllustratet 
Magazine  In  the  World  for  10c  a  year,  to  Intro 
duce  It  only. 

It  is  bright  and  up-to-date.     Telli 

all  about  Southern  Home  Life,     It  ii 

full  of  fine  engravings  of  grand  scett 

ery,     buildings    and    famous    people 

Send  at   once.     10c.  a  year  postpaM 

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names  50c.,  12  for  $1.    Send  us  a  club 

Money  back  if  not  delighted.     Stampi 

taken.    Cut  this  out.    Send  today. 

THE  DIXIE   HOME, 

1005,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
When  writing,  mention  the  Am.  BeeKeeper. 


Big  Magazine 


One  year  free  ti 
quickly  Intro 
duce  it.     Man; 

prefer  It  to  Harper's,   Munsey's,   Ladies'    Homi 

Journal  or  McClure's.      Send    10   ce:it8  to  hell. 

pay  postage.      AMERICAN  STORIES,   Dept.    H 

D.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mi  h 


A  vest  pocket  Map  of  your  State. 

New  issue.  These  maps  show  all 
the  Counties,  in  seven  colors,  all 
railroads,  postoffices — and  many 
towns  not  given  in  the  postal 
guide — rivers,  lakes  and  moun- 
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turns.  We  will  send  you  posl^ 
paid  any  state  map  you  wish  for 

25  cents   (silver.) 

JOHN  W.  HANN, 

Wauneta,  Neb.  .< 


Bee    Hives 
Sections 

Big  Discount  for  Early  Orders. 

Before  November  i , . . .  9  per  cent.  I  Before  February    i , . . . .  6  per  cent. 

Before  December   i, . .  .8  per  cent.    Before  March  i, 4  per  cent. 

Before  January  i, 7  per  cent.  |  Before  April  i, 2  per  cent. 

ON  CASH  ORDERS. 

EVERYTHING 

THAT  IS  USED  BY  BEE-KEEPERS  CAN  BE 
PROCURED  OF  US  AS  CHEAPLY  AS  ANY- 
WHERE, AND  WE  KNOW. 

Our  Goods  are  Superior 

BOTH   IN    MATERIAL   AND    WORKMAN- 
SHIP TO  THOSE  OF  ANY  COMPETITOR. 

One   Trial   Will   Convince   You 

THAT'S  ALL  WE  ASK.  WE  KNOW  YOU 
WILL  NEVER  BUY  OF  ANYBODY  ELSE. 

Our  new  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list  is  now 
ready.    Send  for  one  on  a  postal  card. 


The  W.T.  Falconer  Manfg.  Co. 

JAMESTOWN,  N.  Y. 


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best  writers:  bcautilully  illustrated  and  handsomely  printed:  a  monthly  compendium  of  best  experience 
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DES  MOINES,  IOWA 


SPRINGFIELD,  OHIO 


BARNES' 

Foot  Power  MachiDiiry, 

This  cut  represents  our 
Combined  Macliine,  which 
i.s  the  best  machine  made 
for  use  in  tlie  construction 
of  Hives,  Sections,  Boxes, 
etc.  Sent  on  trial.  Send  for 
Catalogue  and  Price  List. 
W.  r.  &  J.  BAKNES  CO. 
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Keeper  three  full  years  for  One  Dollar. 


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cent  a  word;  sample  magazin( 
and  particulars  for  stamp. 

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AUSTRALIANS. 

NOTE  the  address— 

Pender  Bros., 

WEST  MAITLAND, 
New  South  Wales,        Australia. 

The  lai'gest  manufacturers  of  Bee- 
keepers' Supplies  in  the  Southern  Heni- 
isphere,  and  publishers  of  the  Aus- 
tralasian Beekeeper,  the  leading  bee 
journal  south  of  the  equator. 
Sample  copy  and  64 -page  catalogue, 
FREE.  6-tf 


20  per  cent.  Profit 

Pineapples,     Oranges,     Grapefruit. 

ake   a    Specialty   for   Non-Resident    Owners 

and    Intending    Settlers    in    the 
3VEL,Y  LAKE  KEGION  OF  SOUTH  FLOR- 
IDA. 

20  per  cent  annual  return  on  investment. 
Pure  air,  pure  water,  no  mosquitoes.  High 
ne  and  oak  land,  bordered  by  fresh  water 
kes.  suited  to  all  citrus  fruits  and  pine- 
jples.  Good  title.  Time  payments.  Ad- 
ess  for  descriptive  matter,  W.  E.  Pabor, 
inager  Pabor  Lake  Pineries,  Avon  Park, 
la.  tf. 


atent  Wired  Comb  Foundation 

Has  No  Sag  in  Brood  Frames. 

HIN       FLAT       BOTTOM       FOUNDATION 

Has    No    Fishbone    in    Surplus    Honey. 

Being  the  cleanest  is  usually  worked  the 
uickest  of  any  foundation  made.  The  talk 
bout  wiring  frames  seems  absurd.  We 
.irnish  a  Wired  Foundation  that  is  Better, 
heaper  and  not  half  the  trouble  to  use  that 
,   is   to   wire   brood   frames. 

Circulars  and   sample  free. 

J.  VAN  DEUSEN  &  SONS 

Sole     Manufacturers, 

lontgomery      Co.,      Sprout      Brook,      N.      Y. 


f 


I 


■  I  ^  I  ■ 

Real  Estate  Wanted 

To  supply  the  wants  of  Cash  Buyers  every- 
where. Their  names  and  addresses  are 
given  in  full  each  month  in  our  clean,  in- 
teresting family  magazine.  Sample  copy 
.25,  which  will  be  deducted  from  yearly 
subscription  price  of  $1.  if  you  choose  to  sub- 
scribe. The  first  issue  may  find  you  a  buyer 
and  save  you  a  middleman's  commission. 


% 


I 


I  U.  S.  Real  Estate  Journal  ■ 

L     131      W.  Brighton  Ave.,  Steacuse,  N.  Y.         HH 


CAVEATS,  TRADE  MARKS, 
COPYRIGHTS  AND  DESIGNS. 

Send  your  business  <Iirect  to  Wasliiiigton,  i 
saves  time,  costs  less,  better  service. 

My  office  close  to  TJ.  S.  Patent  Office.  FREE  prelimin-  . 
ary  examinations  made.  Atty's  fee  not  due  until  patent  K 
Is  secured.  PERSONAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN— 19  YEARS  < 
ACTUAL  EXPERIENCE.  Book  "How  to  obtain  Patents,"  i 
etc.,  sent  free.  Patents  procured  through  E.  G.  Siggers  ] 
receive   special    notice,    without  charge,    In    the  J 

INVENTIVE    ACE 

illustrated  monthly— Eleventh  year— terms,  $1.  a  year.  \ 

.E.G.SIGGERS,S'.iH^,f.^Tb?,D*6: 

n'    Tf    If,    BINGHAI 
■'"'■^     has   made   all    the   im- 
"  proveniciits  in 

Bee  Smokers  and 
Honey  Knives 

made  in  liie   last  20  years,  undoubtedly 
he  makes  the  best  on  earth. 

Smoke  Engine,   4  inch  stove,   none  too  largt,  sent 

postpaid,  per  mail $1. 50 

3'^  inch 1.10 

Knife,  80  cents.  3  inch 1.00 

2^  inch 90 

r.  F.Bingham,  f'^^'^wyo-  '    ■'! 

r-  .,     »«•    .-        Little  Wonder,  2  m.     .65 

Farwell,  Niich. 


PHOTOGRAPHS  8 

-  r  g 

Scenic  Productions  and  NOVEL  S 
DESIGNS  are  our  specialties  g 
Many  Northern  Publishers  are  § 
using  our  half-tone  copy.  Most  § 
extensive  publishers  of  Florida  g 
views  on  the  Florida  Coast.        § 


%   Florida 


Photographic 
Fort  Pierce 


Concern,  § 
Florida.  8 


y:><KS^:%::^<:iS^^(:$^:^<KKK^<K^ 


I  SELL 


Honey,  Bees,  Land  and  Lumber 


THOS.  WORTHINOTON. 


I.E0TA,  MISS. 


STANDARD   BRED  QUEENS. 

BUCKEYE    STRAIN     RED    CLOVER,        GOLDEN     ITALIANS 
By  Return  Mail.      Safe  Arrival  Guaranteed. 


PR,ICB1S.           ONE 

SIX 

TWELVC 

Untested $0.75 

Select  Untested 1.00 

Tested                                                                                          1.50 
Select  Tested 2.00 

$4.00 
5.00 
8  00 

10  00 

$7.50 

9  00 

15.00 

18.00 

Select  Breeders,  each 

Two-frame  Nucleus  and  Red  Clover  Queen   - 

$3.00 
3.00 

THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO., 

No.   51   WALNUT  ST.,  CINCINNATI,   OHIO. 


.4»»»»»»M>»  ♦♦♦♦♦♦  ♦♦»♦♦♦»♦♦♦»♦» 


I  QUEENS  AND  BEES 

^  Have  you   ever   triednuu  queens?  If  not.  I  should  be  glad  to 

^  have  you  do  so,  as  they  are  as   GOOD  AS   MONEY   CAN   BUY, 

X  AND  I  GUARANTEE  PERFECT  SATISPACEION. 

4-  I    have    three-banded  Italian,  Golden,  Cyprians,  Carniolans, 

T  Holy  Lands  and  Albinos.   Untested,  either  race,  75  cents  each. 

X  Tested,  $1.50  each.    Breeders,  .$3.00.     Contracts   made  for  large 

■f  orders.     Two-framed  nuclei  a  specialty. 

l-5tf 

—5  tf  B.   H.   STANLEY,  BEEVILLE,       TEXAS. 


I 


A  MECHANICAL  WONDER 

T^  Buffalo  Sunday  Courier  l^egan  October  ist  giving' 
away  with  each  copy  of  its  paper  a  beautiful  and  unique 
mechanical  toy,  that  will  amaze,  amuse,  delight  and  interest 
all.  It  is  the  greatest  novelty  of  the  age.  Be  sure  to  buy 
next  Sunday's  Courier  and  obtain  this  Avonderful  toy.  Bet- 
ter order  from  your  dealer  now. 


Vol.  XV 


NOVEMBER,   1905. 


No.  II 


m 

MM 


m 


m^ 

^^/ 


^W 


^ 


^M 


Bn  Hutumn  prater. 

MHEX   the  dead  leaves   quiver  earthward   in   the  twi- 
light of  the  year, 
Comes  the   time  of  love  and   dreaming,  when  the   days  of 

days  appear; 
Purpling   distance,-  mellowing  sunshine,  trees   aflame   with 

red  and  gold. 
Air  brimful  of  life's  elixir-nectar  on  Olympia  old 
Was  as   water  in  its  weakness   when  compared  with  this, 

methinks. 
And  I  wish  life's  chain  w^ere  endless  with  sweet  days  like 

this  for  links. 
Music  greets  my  every  footstep  in  the  dead  leaves  rustling 

here — 
When  the  ripe  leaves   quiver  earthward  in  the  twilight  of 

the  year. 

When  the  leaves  come  trembling  earthward  in  the  gloaming 
of  the  year. 

Then  this  life's  perennial  sweetness  seems  a  thousand  times 
more  dear; 

Yet  the  million  gorgeous  death  scenes  that  emblazon  every 
wood 

As  the  leaves  in  splendid  shroudines  quit  their  dying  broth- 
erhood 

To  return  to  earth  that  gave  them  in  the  spring  so  tearfully 

Breathe  a  prayer  like  an  incense  through  the  very  heart  of 
me; 

"When  life's  sap  is  flowing  feebly  and  my  rest  is  drawing 
near, 

^Tay  my  time  for  trembling  earthward  be  the  gloaming  of 
the  year." 

— S.  W.  GiUilan,  in  Baltimore  American. 


i 


218  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  November, 

FEEDING  SUGAR    SYRUP. 


Its  Evil  Results  Thought  to  Be  Imaginary. 

Bv  E.  F.  Atwater. 

FOR  SOME  TIME  I  have  noted  at  a  iirofit,  or  ever  was  done  at  a 
with  scant  patience  the  ai-ticles  profit,  or  viill  be  done.  I  happen  to 
and  comments  on  sugar-feeding  know  something  of  the  results  of 
in  "The  American  Bee-Keeper."  some  experiments  along  this  line. 
I  Imow  that  you  desire  to  give  a  fair  These  tests  were  conducted  in  a  state 
hearing  to  both  sideis  of  this  question,  where  climatic  conditions  were  favor- 
so  I  shall  i-ush  in  "where  angels  fear  able,  and  by  a  well  educated,  .skillful 
to  tread" (?)  and     practical     bee-keeper,     whom     I 

I  seldom  feed  any  sugar,  in  fact,  well  know.  The  results  showed  a 
seldom  feed  at  all,  and  prefer  to  feed  loss,  an  amount  of  sugar  out  of  all 
honey,  which  is  usually  cheaper  than  proportion  to  the  produ'ct  of  "honey," 
sugar  in  a  wholesale  way.  If  foul  was  fed,  and  colonies  required  con-' 
lirood  were  common  here  I  -should  stant  additions  of  bees  from  other 
feed  sugar  when  necessai-y,  in  spite  colonies  to  keep  up  their  strength, 
of  tlie  increased  expense.  Five  Soon  the  bees  refused  to  do  any  more 
seasons  in  Idaho,  with  from  180  to  than  live  "from  hand  to  mouth"  on 
6oO  colonies  I  have  not  fed  over  $20.  the  sugar  syrup,  and  would  not  store 
worth  of  sugar,  so  don't  accuse  me  of  it  until  at  last  half  honey  had  to  be 
being  "touched  in  a  tender  spot."  added   to   it.      I    have    no    doubt   that 

The  editor  who  refused  A.  C.  Mil-  this  ground  has  been  gone  over  by 
ler's  "criticism  of  an  article  on  feed-  many,  aiid  not  necessarily  from 
ing"  because  "it  seemed-  unwise  to  any  wrong  motive.  Now  let  A.  C  M 
open  a  discussion  along  such  lines,"  bring  forward  the  proofs  that  Mr. 
did  just  right,  in  my  opinion.  Boardman  and   others  have  "more  or 

"The  suspicions  of  the  pul^lic  are  less  symip  in  their  surplus  honey '" 
ah-eady  aroused:"  certainly,  thanks  in  Sir.  Miller  seems  to  view  with 
the  main  to  the  infamous  "Wiley  lie,"  pity  or  scorn  the  indefinitene-ss  of 
and  if  the  bee-keepers  were  to  abstain  the  articles  written  by  the  variouis 
from  sugar-feeding  and  the  use  of  bee-keepers  whose  contributions  en- 
comb  foundation  for  a  century  public  rich  our  journals,  «o  "unscientific" 
confidence  w-ould  not  be  restored,  so  you  know.  Mr.  Miller's  articles  on 
long  as  fraud  and  adulteration  are  sugar  feeding  are  nothing  if  not  in- 
practiced  on  other  foods.  These  ar-  definite;  they  contain  no  proofs,  no 
tides  condemning  sugar-feeding  lack  indication  that  any  one  has  'any 
proof  of  the  effects  claimed.  How  like  proofs.  See  how  he  misquotets 
Mr.  Miller  this  sounds:  "When  it  Doolittle,  by  giving  the  following 
comes  to  stimulative  feeding,  and  feed-  without  specifying  the  conditions 
ing  for  winter  stores,  there  is  no  ques-  under  which  this  happens-  Mr  Doo- 
tion  m  my  mind  that  honey  is  the  little  says,  that  bees  once  started  in 
better  food  both  from  the  point  of  tiie  sections,  the  honey  stored  in  the 
utihty  and  from  that  of  ethics."  No  combs  below  will  be  carried  to  the 
doubt  that  settles  it.  Admitted  in  sections  as  fast  as  the  queen  needs 
regard  to  stimulative  feeding,  but  for  the  room  for  egg-laving,  and  further 
Avintering  the  evidence  is  largely  on  that  within  fifteen'  days  after  the 
the  other  side,  as  A.  I.  Root,  Capt.  bees  occupy  the  sections  the  brood 
Hethenngton,  E.  D.  Towsend,  James  chamber  is  packed  with  brood  ex- 
Heddou  and  othens.  "Furthermore,  cept  for  a  little  pollen  and  honey  in 
countenancing  of  the  feeding  practice  the  extreme  upper  comers  of  the 
affords  an  excellent  cover  for  the  dis-  frames,  and  the  sections  are  filled 
honest  man  to  feed  purposely  for  sale  with  honey." 

as    honey."     I    don't   believe   a    word        If    I    am    not    mistaken,    Doolittle 
of  It.     I  don't  believe  it  can  be  done  never    gave   that    as    a    general    rule, 


-  % 


1905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


219 


but  intended  it  to  apply  only  when  a 
queen  (often  a  young  one)  gets  to  lay- 
ing alter  the  brood  nest  has  become 
cloggetl  with  honey,  as  when  swarm- 
ing has  been  prevented  by  unqueen- 
ing  or  caging  the  queen,  and  the 
brood-nest  filled  with  honey,  or,  when 
a  colony  has  swarmed,  the  brood 
being  about  all  hatched  and  the 
combs  filled  with  honey.  Then  when 
the  young  queen  begins  laying  no 
doubt,  the  honey  goes  into  the  supers 
until  she  has  a  fair  brood  nest. 

Now  in  regard  to  the  use  of  founda- 
tion: The  maisses  woiild  vseldom 
taste  comb  honey  at  a  reasonable 
price  were  it  to  be  produced  without 
foundation.  Better  a  sheet  of  founda- 
tion in  every  section,  and  fine  satis- 
factory comb  honey  on  tens  of 
thousands  of  tables,  than  a  limited 
market  for  an  expensive,  strictly  "all 
bee-built  comb  honey  among  the 
gilded  para.sites  of  high  finance." 

This  discussion  of  a  more  or  less 
imaginary  trace  of  .sugar  syrup  in 
comb  honey  does  more  harm  than 
good,  especially  when  no  proofs  have 
been  ofi'ered  of  the  evil  results  of  sugar 
feeding  for  stimulation  or  winter 
stores. 

Boise,   Idaho,   Sept.   18,  1905. 


Mr.    Miller's   Reply. 

Mr.  Atwater's  article  bristles  with 
indignation  but  his  very  impatience 
has  caused  him  to  mislead  him- 
self. If  he  will  re-read  my 
article  at  which  he  takes  such  offence, 
he  will  note  in  the  first  paragraph 
that  I  distinctly  disavow  the  implica- 
tion that  even  a  considerable  portion, 
of  the  bee-keepers  feed  sugar  syrup 
with  evil  intent.  The  point  I  made, 
and  which  I  emphasize  now,  is  that 
the  feeding  of  sugar  syrup  to  bees 
is  inimical  to  the  best  good  of  honey 
producers:  that  the  widespread  advo- 
cacy of  such  practices  through  both 
our  .iournals  and  our  text  books  Is 
the  basis  for  most  of  the  public  belief 
in  the  use  of  sugar  to  "make"  honey; 
that  sugar  fed  to  the  bees  finds  its 
way  into  the  surplus  honey  to  a 
greater  or  lesser  extent;  that  so  long 
as  we  feed  it  to  our  bees  we  cannot 
honestly  assert  that  our  honey  is  ab- 
solutely pure,  and  that  until  we  can 
do  that  we  are  not  justified  in  raising 


our  voice  against  persons  who  add 
more  syrup  to  it  after  it  leaves  our 
hands.  We  cannot  rail  against  adul- 
terated foods  until  we  can  prove  our 
own  jn-oducts  to  bo  above  suspicion. 

1  further  reassert  that  comb  founda- 
tion ill  comb  honey  often  attracts  the 
attention  of  the  consumer  and  lends 
color  to  the  stories  of  artificial  comb, 
and  I  base  this  statement  on  what 
consumers  have  said  to  me.  The 
"gilded  parasites  of  high  finance"  are 
as  a  rule,  sufficiently  well  posted  on 
matters  in  general  to  know  of  comb 
foundation.  It  is  the  good  common 
l)eople  who  are  made  suspicious. 
Mr.  Atwater  claims  that  it  is  im- 
possible to  feed  sugar  syrup  continu- 
ously to  bees  without  their  complete 
demoralization.  In  refutation  of  which 
statement  I  would  refer  him  to  Glean- 
ings of  September  15th,  pages  955  and 
956. 

To  this  I  will  add  that  I  have  seen 
sugar-feeding  successfully  carried  out 
and  have  seen  in  the  aggregate 
thousands  of  pounds  of  "honey"  thus 
produced.  How  it  is  done  of  course 
it  is  eminently  unwise  to  repeat  here. 

In  regard  to  the  question  as  to  how 
it  is  known  that  the  sugar  syrup 
stored  in  brood  combs  finds  its  way 
into  the  surplus  combs:  First,  I  would 
refer  Mr.  A.  to  the  common  knowledge 
of  the  M^ay  bees  shift  honey  about. 
Second,  I  would  refer  him  to  Mr. 
Green  and  to  the  .  quotations  from 
Mr.  Doolittle.  I  regret  that  Mr.  At- 
water does  not  believe  it,  but  the  quo- 
tation is  accurate  though  not  verba- 
tim, the  original  being  too  long.  Con- 
ditions under  which  bees  did  thus, 
were  with  wintered-over  queens  in  a 
restricted  brood  nest,  one  about  the 
equivalent  of  an  8  L  frame  hive. 
Third,  I  have  myself  proved  the  pres- 
ence of  symp  in  surplus  honey,  and 
in  so  doing  substantiated  the  work 
of  a  careful  experimenter.  I  am  not 
at  liberty  to  detail  these  experiments 
be«^ause  the  methods  employed  are  not 
my  own  and  the  gentleman  who  told 
me  requested  that  I  should  not  make 
them  public. 

Regarding  my  statements  as  to  the 
comparative  value  of  honey  and  sugar 
for  a  winter  food,  I  did  not  consider 
it  necessary  to  then  state  my  reasons 
which  have  appeared  at  length  at 
different  times.     But  as  Mr.  Atwater 


220  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  Novembe 

questions  it.  I  may  fittingly  say  here       The  September  loth  issue  of  "Glea] 

that  the   value  of  a    food   for   winter    ings''    gives    us    full    directions.      Jui 

depends      upon       the      quantity      and    see!       The      whole      number      fairl 

availability     of     the     life     preserving   bri^stles    with    advice    on    sugar    syrn 

elements  in  a   given  amount  of  bulk,    feeding.      There    is,    besides,    seven 

Cane  sugar  propei-ly   fed  at  a   proper    minor  paragraphs;   such   as  directior 

time   has   been   proved   to   be   a   good    for    making    the    syrup,    feeders,    etc 

food,    good    so    far    as    the    bees    are    over  one  page  of  the  editorial  devote 

concerned.     But  there  is  no  unanimitj'    to   feeding.     In    fact,   the   editor   saj 

of   opinion    as    to   when    it    should    be   li<?  lias  succeeded  in  producing  almo* 

fed  or  what  proportions  of  sugar  and    all     the     conditions     of     an     artificii 

watei'  .should  be  used,   (see  Gleanings,    honey  flow. 

Sept.  15th,  page  955,  and  Oct.  1st,  page       >>'ow,  Mr.  Hill.  I  should  say  he  ha 

lOOG),  hence  it  is  quite  as  of  ten  used    l^atl   complete  success   in  producing 

in  a  harmful  as  a  helpful  way.     Early    natural    syrup    flow.      What   on    eart 

honey  is  generally  acknowledged  to  be    '^i'«?   o"i"   I'ee   journals   for?   and   whf 

an   ideal   winter  food.     It   contains    a    business    has    the    honey    producer    t 

high  per  cent  of  the  sugars  and  has     "monkey"    with    isugar    syrup?      TL 

been  made  ready  by  the  bees  for  im-    editor  of  Gleanings  says  you  can  e: 

mediate     assimilation.      Stored     sugar    tract  during  a  dearth  of"  honey  by  feec 

syrups  are  often  not  in  .such  condition    '»?:;     i"    this    case    he    advises    man 

and  hence  cannot  be  used  by  the  bees    tainted    honeys.      Well,    now.    I    hav 

without  the  expenditure  of  vitality  at    .ni^t    finished    taking    off    vsupers    an 

a    time    when    they    ill    can    spare    it.    extracting.      There    is    absolutely    n 

Furthermore,     if    any    of    the    stored    lioney  to  be  found  in   the  fields":   bv 

syrup   is   on   hand   when   the   surplus    '"'e    have    had    no    trouble    whateve) 

honey  flow  begins  there  is  a  possibility    A  board  Avith  a  Porter  bee  escape  i 

of    its    being    mixed    therein.      Under    Placed  on  the  hives  late  in  the  aftei 

proper    conditions— which    I    recently    noon;  supers  taken  off  the  next  mon 

explainedi      in      these      columns— fail    i"S,     escape-board.s     removed     in     th 

gathered    honey    is    quite    as    good    as    afternoon   and   the   exti'acting  done    ■ 

that   gathered   in   the   summer^   which    ^^^y  oi'  two  after.     Tlie  honey  hous( 

fact  I  have  demonstrated  to  my  own    of  course,Js  beeproof ;  but  there  wer 

satisfaction    during    my    twenty    and    "ot  a  dozen  bees  hovering  around  th 

odd   years    of   bee-keeping.      From    all    building.     How  many  honey  iiroducer 

of    which    I    think    I    am    justified    in    bave    honey    on    hand    at    extractin: 

calling  honey   the  better  food.  time  to   feed?     Not  veiy   many.     Th 

Kegarding    the   propriety    of   di.scus-    "*^^t    thing    would    be    a    recourse    t 

smg    the    evil    side    of    sugar-feeding,    the    sugar    barrel.      Say,    Mr.    Hill, 

I  maintain  that  it  is  not  only  proper    wonder    if    the    Root    Co.    has   bough 

but   necessary,    made   so  by   the  per-    ^  ^"gar  plantatiou?     I  expect  to  hea 

sistent    publicity    given    by    most    of    ^^'om    the    Deacon's    spirit— bless    hii 

the   l)ee   papers    to   the   other  side   of    memory— on    this    sugar    question. 

the  subject.     If  there  is  any  fault  to    thiidv  the  less  advice  our  bee  journal! 

be  found   it  is  against  the  "promulga-    "i'^'e  on  sugar  feeding  the  better  th< 

tors  of  the  vicious  docti'ine.  honey     producers'     interest     will     b( 

Arthur  C.  Miller.'        '••served.     As  long  as  cane  sugar  is  usee 

in    the    apiaiy    we    must    expect    the 

AGREES  WITH  MR.  MILLER         l'"blie  to  mistrust  us.    We  had  to  feed 
'  '        one   out   of   58   colonies   this    fall.      II 

•Sugar  Feeding  Should  be  Abandoned  7'";.   ^     ^""^"^     SWarm:     but     instead     Oi 

. ■  feeding   sugar    syrup    or    opening    the 

Rv  nr,    \\r    -D    r-  bive  to  place  honey  in  the  broo^lnest, 

Kduor  Iee-Keep2  C^^^^^^^^'  we    placed    an    extracting   super    with 

well    sealed    combs   on    the    hive    and 

\Y7       11-^ "^'1"-  now  gotten  the  thing  there  it  will  stay  till  spring. 
YY        down     "pat."       There     is     no        If  it  is  necessary  for  queen  breeders  ? 

earthly  reason  why  we  should  to  feed  sugar  syrup,   let  them   do  so,   " 

not     have     bumper     crops     of     sugar  but  let  them  absolutely  abstain   from 

•syrup,    nicely    stored    in    well    sealed  offering     honey     for     sale.       The    bee , 

comb.s(?)  journals  can   cry  for  pure  food   laws. 


lis 


)().".. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


221 


lul  all  that,  but  you  cannot  convince 
le  pulilic  of  the  purity  of  your  honey, 

hen  tlu\v  read  -sudi  stuif  as  Glean- 
ijis  advises,  and  at  the  same  time 
ie  you  l)uyin,a:  a  ton  or  more  of  sugar; 
lid  who  can  blame  them?  But  wait 
11  you  get  some  of  tlmt  Carnegie  Re- 
?aich  Fund  placed  at  the  disposal 
f  some  one!  Won't  we  get  some 
ointers   then? 

^^'aupaca.  Wis.,  Sept.  23,  1905. 


loore's       Queen-Rearing      Apiary. 


By  Fred  W.  Muth. 
HE    PHOTO    I    am    sending,    is 
that     of     Mr.     J.     P.     Moore's 
apiary,    at   Morgan,   Ky.     This 


record>s  are  kept  l>y  means  of  the 
•slate  system.  On  account  of  this 
elevation  of  his  nuclei,  Mr.  Moore  can 
work  all  da.v  without  tiring  or  strain- 
ing his  back.  When  I  visited  him 
early  in  the  summer,  he  liad  some 
400  nuclei  and  2(J0  odd  colonies  in  full 
sway. 

In  the  foreground  of  the  picture 
you  will  notice  our  esteemed  friend 
W.  Z.  Hutchiuvson;  to  the  right  and 
rear  of  Mr.  Hutchinson  is  Mr.  John 
C.  Frohliger.  Secretary  of  the  Hamil- 
ton County  Bee-Keepers'  Association. 
Directly  in  the  rear  of  the  latter  gen- 
tleman, is  Mr.  Moore,  but  unfortunate- 
ly we  cannot  see  his  face.  It  nay  be 
the  photographer  is  to  blame  for  thi.s, 


APIARY  OF  J.  P.  MOORE,  MORGAN,  KY. 


piary  is  the  best  an-anged  bee  yard 
have  ever  seen.  Mr.  Moore  is  known 
ly  his  friends  and  neighbors  ais  "Bee 
immy,"  for  the  reason  that  he  ha,s 
c(iuired  a  fortune  simply  by  raising 
[ueens.  He  is  a  man  of  system,  which 
lay  easily  be  discerned  on  the  picture, 
lis  nuclei  are  elevated  two  feet  above 
he  ground,  one  at  each  corner  of  a 
quare  stand,  in  the  center  of  which 
aay  be  seen  a  ten-frame  colony.     His 


but  since  I  happened  to  be  the  photo- 
grapher, I  will  try  to  say  that  Mr. 
Moore's  modesty  is  the  cause,  for  Ids 
multitude  of  friend.s  will  agree  with 
me  when  I  «ay  he  is  extremely  mod- 
est. Mr.  Moore's  son  Hubert,  may  be 
seen  to  the  rear  of  Mr.  Hutcliinson. 

Mr.  Moore  says  his  bees  actually 
work  on  the  red  clover.  He  is  a 
Christian,   and   I   believe   aim. 

Cincinnati,  O.,  Oct.  17,  1905. 


222 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


November, 


I 


PATENTS. 


Ibccellent  Advice  and  Suggestions 
to   the   Beginner. 

By  Arthur  C.  Miller. 

MANY  AN  AMERICAN,  perhaps 
it  might  be  said  the  average 
American,  is  not  happy  unless 
he  is  inventing  .something.  Certainly 
many  of  onr  Amei'ican  bee-keepers 
turn  their  minds  and  hands  towards 
the  development  of  new  implements 
and  new  hives  or  the  improvement 
of  old  ones.  Close  upon  the  con- 
ception of  a  'Seemingly  bright  idea 
comes  the  thought  of  patents  and 
vi.'^ions  of  wealth  flowing  therefrom. 
Very,  very  few  such  visions  material- 
ize, and  fortunate  is  the  individual 
who  does  not  sink  hard  earned  money 
in    worthless    patents. 

In  an  endeavor  to  help  would-be 
inventors  to  avoid  loss  and  disappoint- 
ment I  subjoin  a  few  facts  and  sug- 
gestions from  a  patent  attorney  of 
many  years'  experience.  His  first  ad- 
vice iis  to  stick  to  a  line  with  which 
you  are  familiar.  Do  not  try  to  in- 
vent something  for  work  you  know 
little  Or  nothing  of,  othemase  after 
spending  much  time  and  some  money 
you  may  find  that  your  idea  was  an 
old  one,  used  and  discarded  long 
ago.  Select  one  line,  one  kind  of  work 
or  manufacture,  make  yom-self 
thoroughly  familiar  with  its  present 
condition  and  pa^st  history,  stick  to 
that  line,  develop  that  line,  and  keep 
ahead  of  the  art,  which  is  to  say 
forsee  the  needsS  and  anticipate  the 
wants. 

I  have  in  mind  a  man  who  began 
his  business  life  making  buckles.  He 
devotetl  his  whole  mind  to  it  and  it 
was  not  many  years  before  he  de- 
veloped machines  with  which  he 
made  buckles  which  he  sold  for  much 
less  than  any  competitor  could  even 
make  them.  He  kept  ahead  of  the 
rest  of  the  trade.  He  won.  He  did 
it  by  intelligent  application  to  one 
thing. 

The  value  of  a  patent  lies  in  the 
scope  of  the  claimis  and  the  care  with 
which  these  claims  are  expressed. 
In  securing  these  things  the  services 
of  a  capable  and  experienced  attorney 
are  invaluable.  The  attorney  who 
secures    the    most    patents    does    not 


neces-sarily  secure  the  best.  Before p 
paying  a  miniiiium  price  for  some 
thing  which  when  you  get  it  niayfcj 
lirove  of  no  value,  go  to  a  good  at- 
torney and  pay  his  price,  act  on  his 
advice.  Sometimes  it  will  pay  well 
to  have  a  search  of  the  patent  records 
made  for  all  patents  in  the  line  you 
are  at  work  upon.  It  helps  by  inform- 
ing you  of  what  has  already  been 
done,  by  posting  you  in  the  history 
of  the  art. 

A  patent  protects  for  seventeen 
years,  it  prevents  any  other  person 
from  making,  using  or  selling  any 
machine  or  appliance  covered  by  the 
same.  No  person  has  a  right  to  make 
for  his  own  use  any  patented  article. 
The  only  way  he  can  get  the  right 
to  use  it  is  to  purchase  the  right  from, 
the  inventor  or  buy  a  machine  from 
him  or  from  authorized  makers  or 
dealers. 

Providence,   R.    I..    Oct.    18,   1905 


Sixty  Years  Among  tlie  Bees. 

By  W.  J.   Davis,  ist. 

ANOTHER  HONEY  season  has 
come  and  gone  and  added  its 
new   lessons   of   experience. 

Our  season  in  western  Pennsylvania 
has  lieen  a  very  wet  one,  with  a  large 
amount  of  thunder  and  lightning. 
Tlie  i)ees  have  not  been  able  to  crowd 
the  queents  and  as  a  result,  the  hives 
have  been  crowded  with  brood,  and  ais 
another  result,  many  swarms  have  is- 
sued. I  have  hived  73  swarm,s  in  my 
home  yard,  quite  a  number  of  them 
double  .swann-^,  besides  several  return- 
ed to  the  parent  hive.  Some  of  the 
prime  swarms  were  deprived  of  their 
queen  and  made  to  return.  But  in  9  to 
11  days  they  Avould  come  out  again 
with  young  queen,  or  queens,  bigger 
than  befoi'ej  and  hereby  hangs  a  tale: 

One  morning  a  lai'ge  swarm  with 
laying  queen  issued,  and  was  soon 
joined  by  another  still  larger  with 
virgin  queep.  They  settled  together. 
The  fertile  queen  being  clipped  was 
easily  secured  in  a  wire  cage  and  said 
cage  hung  between  two  of  the  central 
frames  and  the  immense  swarm  hived 
a,s  quickl.v  '  as  possible.  But  none 
too  soon,  for  two  others,  in  tbe  same 
relative  condition  issued  and  were 
treated  in  the  same  way.  The  lesson 
for  the  beginner  is  this:     Had  I  hived, 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


ii 


I'JOo. 

either  mas«  without  caging  the  lay- 
ing queen,  the  bees  of  the  said  queen 
wonld  have  balled  and  killed  all  the 
virgin  queens,  and  the  sisters  of  the 
virgin  queens  would  have  killed  the 
laying  queen  and  there  wonld  have 
been  confusion  in  the  bee  yard  for 
hours,  and  that  too  with  the  expecta- 
tion that  other  swarms  would  issue 
and  add  to  the  roaring  of  wings. 

Always  give  such  double  swarms 
plenty  of  room,  ventilation,  and  shade. 
Leave  the  fertile  queen  caged  for 
four  days  and  she  can  be  safely 
liberated.  One  so  caged  was  neglected 
for  a  month.  On  examination  nO' 
brood  was  found  in  the  hive.  The 
queen  was  set  at  liberty  and  resumed 
her  duties  apparently  lanlnjured  by 
her   long   imprisonment. 

Now,  I  wish  to  give  a  case  for  the 
veterans  in  bee-culture,  which  I  con- 
fess is  new  to  me:  I  had  two  stocks 
that  lost  their  queens,  and  were  not 
looked  after  as  soon  as  they  should 
have  been  owing  to  the  press  of 
other  work,  and  when  discovered  the 
combs  were  pretty  well  supplied  with 
eggs  by  laying  workers.  In  fact,  they 
were  more  than  supplied  for  some  of 
the  cells  I  judge  had  eight  or  ten 
eggs  in.  I  at  once  supplied  them 
with  nearly  mature  queen  cells. 
The  young  queens  hatched,  and  In 
due  time  became  fertile.  But  In  the 
meantime  the  eggs  of  the  laying 
workers  hatched,  and  in  due  time, 
the  bees  capped  the  brood  as  worker 
brood;  smooth,  not  the  raised  cells 
like  trying  to  raise  drones  in  workers 
cells.  We  all  understand  that  no 
laying  worker  eggs  can  produce 
workers,  and  capping  of  the  brood 
puzzled  me,  and  excited  my  curiosity. 
But  I  discovered  that  a  few  days 
after  the  brood  was  capped  it  died, 
and  some  before  capping. 

I  infer  that  t?he  bees  having  a  laying 
queen  fed  the  brood  as  workers,  which 
wa,s  a  diet  not  suited  to  their  nature. 
I  presume  it  is  nothing  new  to 
apiarists  that  bees  sometimes  try  to 
rear  a  queen  from  an  egg  intended 
for  a  drone,  and  how  the  occupant  of 
the  roj^al  cell  would  slip  down  in  the 
cradle  and  then  bees  lengthen  the 
cradle  until  It  became  a  laughable 
object  as  a  queen  cell,  and  later  de- 
veloped a  dead  gTub.  I  conclude 
the    bees    sometimes    make    mistakes 


223 


like  other  mothers  in  how  they  feed 
the  babies.  This  is  how  I  did,  and 
why:  I  cut  ont  all  the  brood  of  the 
laying  workers  and  cremated  it,  and 
all  was  well. 

We  have  never  known  svich  a  thing 
as  foul  brood  in  this  locality,  and  the 
savants  of  bee  literature  tell  \is  that 
foul  brood  can  not  emanate  from 
dead  brood.  This  may  be  true,  but 
1  would  advise  all  beginners  to  allow 
no  dead  brood  Mathin  reach  of  living 
bees.  It  frequently  happens  that 
colonies  perish  in  late  winter  or  early 
spring  with  more  or  less  brood  in  the 
combs.  Always  cut  it  out  and  burn 
it. 

On  tlie  4th  of  June,  1905,  the  valley 
of  tlie  Brokenstraw  was  visited  by  a 
disastrous  flood  and  some  of  my 
stocks  were  drowned  and  the  brood 
perished.  All  such  dead  brood  was 
cut  out  and  buried  deep  In  the  ground. 
I  suppose  at  that  particular  time  it 
was  easier  to  buiy,  than  to  find  any- 
thing dry  enough  to  burn,  as  our  gas 
.•supply  Avas  shut  off  by  a  break  in 
the  line.  I  believe  In  the  old  adage, 
that  "an  ounce  of  preventive  is  bet- 
ter than  a  pound  of  cure."  It  is  not 
only  true  of  "foul  brood"  but  of  many 
of  "the  ills  of  life. 

Youngsville,  Pa.,  Oct.  5,  1905. 


^VORK  IN  THE  OUT  YARD. 


Taking;  the  Liast  Honey. 

By  F.  Greiner. 

TO  REMOVE  honey  from  the 
hives  at  a  time  when  no'  honey 
is  coming  in  from  the  fields 
is  sometimes  anything  but  an  agree- 
able task.  The  secret  to  get  along 
easily  with  it  lies  in  the  prevention 
of  robber  bees  obtaining  the  first  drop 
of  honey.  How  can  we  succeed  in  doing 
this?  in  the  first  place  we  must  work 
quickly.  When  honey  has  to  be  re- 
moved from  the  hives  in  the  outyards, 
we  cannot  always  use  escape-boards  in 
the  usual  way,  although  a  liberal 
quantity  of  wire-cloth,  cone-shaped  es- 
cape-boards will  come  veiT  handy  in 
covering  up  the  honey  after  removal 
as  will  be  shown. 

The  smoker  needed  when  taking  off 
honey  should  be  a  good  one  and  of 
large  capacity.  With  this  the  bees  are 
quickly  driven  down.  It  may  be  ac- 
complished in  a  quarter  of  a  minute  if 


224 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


November, 


the  Cog-sishall  flip-flap  method  is  vised;  load  up   before  bees  have  ceased  fly. 

see    illustration.      The  super     is    then  \n<^  care  is  exercised  to  l^eep  all  honey 

jerlced  off.     Some  bees  are  still  adher-  covered    up ,  with    escape-boards— that 

ins-  to  tlie  honey,  many  of  which  can  which  is  on  the  wagon  as  well  as  that 

lie  shaken   out   by   giving  tlie  super  a  to  be  loaded, 

few   shakes.  By    following   thi.s   method   the  bees 

Five  or  six  supers  are  enough  to  l>e  in  the  yard  remain  quiet  and  peaceful, 

piled  up  on  one  stack.  li,  thus  removing  the  last  honev  from 

Always    keep    eveiy    stack    covered  one    of    my    outyard-s    of   60    hives  in 

with    an    escai.e-board,    as    previously  September.      I      received      oolv      one 

mentioned.  However,  it  is  not  enough  sinale    stins.      I    used    no    mittens    (a 

to  cover   witli   such   an  escape.      Rob-  thins    I   never   do)    but   had   mv    face 

bers  have  a  way  of  holding  up  the  es-  protected  by  a   light  veil  mo-st  of  the 

caping  bees  and  forcing  them  to  give  time, 

up    what    honey    they    have    in    their  Naples,    N.    Y.    Oct.   2.    1905. 


lOo. 

liscl 

,H' 
lete 


E, 
lor 
ler^ 
!»' 

tasl 


MR.   GREINER  DRIVING  DOWN   THE   BEES. 


Iioney-sacs.  To  prevent  this  .sort  of 
robbeiy,  place  a  shallow  box  covered 
with  wire  .screen  over  the  escape- 
board.  I  use  the  -screen-board.s  other- 
wise used  to  close  in  bees  when  mov- 
ing during  warm  weather.  Occasion- 
ly  tJiis  .screen-board  is  lifted  up  and 
turned  over  to  liberate  the  bees  which 
were  on  the  honey  and  have  accumu- 
lated over  the  escape  in  the  space  be- 
tween the  latter  and  the  screen-boai-d. 
In  this  manner  the  supers  are  freed 
from  all  bees  in  a  very  short  time  and 
are  ready  to  be  loaded  on  the  wagon. 
If    it    is    necessary     or     desirable    to 


HONEY     THIEVES. 


And     the     Penalty     Administered     in 
Haiti. 

By  J.  R.  McKenzie- 

AA  Y  FRIEND,  E.  M.,  tells  the  fol- 
^  lowing  story: 

He  had  just  overcome  the  difficulties 
incident  to  starting  an  apiary  by  an 
inexperienced  hand,  and  was  congrat- 
ulating himself  on  being  able  at  last 
to  say,  "My  25  colonies  of  Italians 
are  now  in  good  form,"  when  he  dis- 
covered one  bright  and  early  morning 
that    some    one    had    been    into       the 


90."). 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


225 


ipiary    during    the    night    and    played 
nischief   with   it. 

Hives  were  found  open  and  frames 
Were  lying  about  on  the  ground  with 
:;he  combs  cut  out.  E.  M.  scratched 
liis  head,  thought  a  bit,  straightened 
3ut  things  and  reported  to  the  police. 
^.  week  after  and  the  same  thing  oc- 
;urred  again.  Another  report  to  the 
police,  the  thieves  remaining,  of 
:ourse,   undiscovered. 

E.  M.  now  resolved  to  set  a  watch 
for  he  reasoned  that  if  the  thieves 
were  never  caught  he  would  have  to 
go  out  of  the  bee  business.  A  watch 
was  accordingly  set,  two  men  living 
near  the  apiary  being  selected  for  the 
task.  For  a  whole  week  the  watch 
had  nothing  to  report,  and  E.  M.  was 
ibepinning  to  fear  that  the  nightly  vis- 
itors had  in  some  way  got  to  know 
of  what  he  was  up  to;  but  one  morn- 
ing soon  after,  at  4:30,  there  was  a 
hue  and  cry  that  some  one  was  want- 
ed by  the  police.  The  watch  reported 
as    follows: 

They  had  remained  at  their  post  un- 
til 4  o'clock  when  the  first  streaks  of 
daylight  were  seen  in  the  East,  then 
retired  for  an  hour's  sleep.  One  of  the 
men  no  sooner  reached  his  house  than 
he  heard  the  sharp  cracking  noise 
usually  made  by  an  excelsior  cover 
well  fastened  with  propolis  to  a  10- 
frame  hive.  He  mentioned  the  fact 
to  his  friend  and  they  two  returned  to 
the  apiary  in  time  to  find  the  thieves 
at  work.  The  plunderers  took  to  their 
heels,  but  not  before  they  had  been 
recognized  by  the  watch.  The  police 
was  at  once  informed  of  what  had 
happened  and  they  proceeded  to  ar- 
rest the  guilty  parties,  who  were  taken 
to  the  apiary  followed  by  all  the  rag, 
tag  and   bob   tail   of  the   village. 

It  was  now  broad  daylight^  and  the 
delicious  smell  of  new  honey  was 
being  wafted  on  the  morning  breeze 
from  the  open  cotony.  This  proved 
too  great  a  temptation  for  the  neigh- 
boring colonies  and  soon  there  was 
a  free  fight  going  on.  The  plundered 
colony  was  up  in  arms  and  determined 
at  all  costs  to  repel  invaders.  E.  M. 
w'ondered  why  the  police  had  brought 
the  thieves  to  the  apiary  and  sudden- 
ly a  thought  occurred  to  him.  Going 
up  to  the  sergeant  he  suggested  that 
as  the  culprits  had  themselves  un- 
covered the  colony  they  should  now 
be  made  to  cover  it  again.  The  ser- 
geant agreed,  and  the  thieves  were  or- 
dered at  once  to  go  and  put  on  the 


cover.  Now  came  the  awful  moment 
for  the  poor  wretches.  Most  gingerly 
they  approached  the  infuriated  colony, 
and  right  royally  were  they  received 
by  the  angry  Italians.  The  bees  flew 
at  them  from  all  sides,  the  men  threw 
themselves  on  the  ground  and  rolled 
over  and  over  again,  screaming  for 
mercy.  There  were  bees  everywhere 
— bees  up  their  pants,  under  their 
shirts,  in  their  mouth,  ears,  nose  and 
eyes.  Bees  to  the  right  of  them,  bees 
to  the  left  of  them,  bees,  bees  every- 
where, stinging  as  only  angry  bees 
can. 

To  save  the  lives  of  the  poor  devils, 
E.  M.  suggested  that  they  be  allowed 
to  leave  the  apiary  while  he  attended 
to  the  covering  of  the  hive  himself. 
Scores  of  other  people  got  stung  also, 
and  E.  M.  says  that  it  is  now  his  opin- 
ion that  after  the  object  lesson  they 
have  had  no  one  will  again  attempt  to 
rob    his   apiary. 

Cape  Haitien,  Haiti,  Sept.  5,  IQOS- 


BEES    REMOVING    EGGS. 

Estero.  Fla.,  Oct.  1,  1905. 
Editor  Bee-Keeper: 

Anent  M.  Hulot',s  opinion  (referring 
to  item  in  the  January,  last,  i^sne  of 
yoiu*  valued  periodical,)  I  have  been 
handling  bees  but  a  few^  weeks  during- 
thi-^,  my  first  season  at  it  when,  after 
several  examinations  it  seemed  that 
one  colony  had  been  queenless  and 
eggs  for  a  period  of  several  days. 
A  bit  of  comb  with  eggs  was  placed 
on  the  bottom  bar  of  a  brood  comb 
frame,  and  about  three  days  later  it 
was  found  tbat  the  egg^s  had  been 
removed  from  it,  while  midway  up  on 
another  comb  one  move  and  re-move 
nearer  to  the  center  of  the  brood  nest 
were  two  completed  queen  cells — ^still 
the  only  indication  of  anything  in  the 
line  of  queen  or  eggs. 

Might  not  experiments  made  under 
condition*  similar  to  the  above  estab- 
lish the  facts  in  the  matter  although 
they  had  previously  proven  elusive 
to  the  efforts  of  even  "long  and  care- 
ful Avatchfulness?" 

W.  F.  McCready. 


Experiments  and  research  are  com- 
mendable, for  through  these  must  come 
a  large  proportion  of  our  apiarian 
knowledge.  In  the  instance  cited  by 
our  correspondent,  however,  evidence 
seems  conclusive,   that  the  completed 


226                                THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEBJPER.  Novembei 

cells  did  not  coutain  any  of  the  eggs  modified,   and  stored   in  the  comb  b; 

given    three    days    previous.    Such    a  the   honey   bee    (Apis  mellifica).    It  i 

condition  would  hardly  be  found  under  laevo-rotatory,      contains      not      mor 

six  to  nine  days,  in  the  event  of  the  than    twenty-five      (25)    per     cent     o 

inserted    eggs    having    been    removed  water,     not     more     than     twenty-fiv 

and  used.    Perhaps  a   A-ery  old  queen  hundredths  (0.25)  per  cent  of  ash,  an( 

yet  remained  in  the  hive. — Editor.  not  inove  than  eight  (8)     per  cent  o 

sucrose. 

CLEANING      BEESWAX— SEASON  This    standard    was    adopted    afte 

REPORT.  cai-eful  publication  of  an  earlier  isug 

Upperoo,    Md.,   Oct.   6.   1905.  gested    standard    as    a    basis    of    criti 

Dear  Editor:  ci->^m,    and    after    careful    consultatioi 

Please  give  us  a  few  Unas  on  clean-  with     leading     authorities     in     apicul 

ing  beeswax  in  small  quantities  in  the  ture. 

next     issue     of     the     American     Bee-  Since  the  standard  wa,s  issued  mani 

Keeper.  letters   have   been   recei^^ed  from   be< 

We  had  a  verj^  small  honey  crop  in  keepers     representing     many     of     iht 

this   section   this   summer,   from   June  States    of    the    Union,    expressing    i 

until    September,   they  could   not  feed  desire    that    the    standard    should    b« 

themselves.    Some  of  my   bees  nearly  changed  so  as  to  avoid  the  exclusioi 

istaiwed.     There  was  no  pollen  coming  from  -standard   honey   of      all  honeyf' 

in.   so   some  of  them   got  very  weak,  that  contain   honey  dew.     In  suppor 

Since   September  1st  a  little  honey  of  this  plea,  it  Is  urged  that  the  bet 

for  winter  has  been  coming  in.  I  have  keeper  is  unable  to  prevent  the  intra 

23  colonies  this  year.  rtuction  of  some  honey  dew,  whethei 

D.   H.   Zencker.  taken  directly  from  the  plant  or  fron: 

the    aphis,    and   that  ismall    quantities 

Undoubtedly     the     best,     and     only  of  this  material   are  not  injurious   tc 

practicable    method    of    cleaning    bees-  the  honey. 

wax  is  through  the  process  of  remelt-  These  requests  being  brought  to  the 
ing.  Place  the  Avax  in  a  clean  tin  ves-  attention  of  the  Committee  on  Pooc, 
sel  with  several  inches  of  water,  and  Standards  at  its  meeting  in  Chicago 
set  the  whole  into  a  kettle  or  other  begining  May  29  last,  the  Committee 
suitable  receptacle  containing  water,  adopted  the  following  minute: 
Place  it  on  the  stove  until  the  Avax  The  -standard  does  not  in  any  waj 
is  thoroughly  melted,  then  remove  exclude  small  quantities  of  honey  dew 
from  the  ftre  and  skim  all  scum  from  from  honey.  We  realize  that  bees  often 
the  surface  with  a  spoon  or  piece  of  gather  small  quantities  of  honey  dew 
cardboard.  Keep  the  wax  in  the  hot  that  cannot  be  detected  in  the  finish- 
water  and  set  a-side  so  that  all  dirt  ed  jiroduct  by  chemical  means,  and 
may  have  time  to  settle  before  con-  does  not  damage  its  quality.  It  is  only 
gelation  begins.  When  cool  and  hard,  when  relatively  large  amounts  are 
remove  the  cake  and  shave  all  foreign  gatheretl  that  the  quality  of  the  honey 
matter  from  the  bottom,  and  the  pro-  is  impaired,  and  it  fails  to  meet  the 
cess  is  complete.  —Editor.  requirements    of    the    .standard.    It    is 

generally    agreed    that    such    a    large 

EXPLANATION     OF     STANDARD  aniount  of  honey  dew  is  injurious  to 

FOR  HONEY.  the  quality  of  the  product,  which  can 

IT  ,  J  c, ,    n     .     ,  I A       1.  not   then    be     properly     regarded     as 

United  Males  Ueparlmcnl  ol  Agriculture.  i        l         j             o 

Bureau  ol  Chemistry.  hOUey. 

On    December   20,    1904,    the    Secre-  

tary     of     Agriculture,     acting     under  The   Voice    of   the    Sluggard. 

authority   of   Congress   and   upon   the  „       „             .        ,         , .,  „             „     , 

recommendation  of  the  Committee  on  ^'If  .^^^^  T'''^  day  old  farmer  Doyle 

Food  Standards  of  the  As.sociation  of  ,   ^aid  as  he  mopped  his  brow; 

Official     Agricultural     Chemists,     pro-  I  'Jon't  object  to  honest  toil, 

claimed    the    following    standard    for  Its  time  I  -started  now 

j^Qj^^y  I  knoAv  I  ought  to  plow  the  soil. 

Honey  is  the  nectar  and  .saccharine  ^"*  ^  ^^^^  ^^  ^^^*  ^^  P'^^- 

exudations    of    the    plant,     gathered,  —Saturday  Evening  Post. 


r 


■iiS 


--f^t-M-f4  ♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 


THE 

Bee -Keeping  World 

staff  Contributors  :    F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ. 
Contributions  to  this  Department  are  solicited  from  all  quarters  of  the  earth. 


GEKMANY. 

A  GERMAN  CONVENTION. 
The  great  annual  convention  of  the  Ger- 
man and  Austrian  bee-keepers  was  held  in 
Danzig,  the  Venice  of  the  North,  and  was 
well  attended.  As  many  as  25  addresses 
were  recorded  on  the  program,  but  a  por- 
tion of  the  speakers  were  absent.  Dudeck, 
the  first  speaker,  talked  about  the  needs  of 
fresh  air  for  the  bees  in  winter.  Guen- 
ther  followed  with  a  discussion  of  the  dif- 
ferent bee  hives  and  different  sized  frames; 
also  about  the  secrets  of  obtaining  large 
honey  yields.  (Guenther  is  one  of  the 
oldest  and  still  active  bee-keepers  of  Ger- 
many.) Rev.  Sydow  tried  to  explain  "Why 
the  bees  build  their  cells  hexagonal."  The 
debate  following  showed  that  there  were 
many  men  of  different  minds.  Bassler, 
Austria,  spoke  next  on  sugar-feeding  in  the 
bee  yard,  which  created  considerable  stir. 
The  meeting  passed  the  following  resolu- 
tions: 

1.  We  denounce  all  sugar-feeding  when 
it  is  done  for  the  purpose  of  selling  the 
product    as   honey. 

2.  We  do  not  recommend  the  taking  of 
all  the  honey  from  our  bees  and  substitut- 
ing  sugar   syrup. 

3.  We  recommend  to  substitute  sugar  for 
unwholesome  honey  such  as  honey  dew;  al- 
so the  feeding  of  sugar  to  insure  the  neces- 
sary winter  stores  when  such  are  short." 

The  subject  of  foul  brood  received  its 
share  of  the  attention  next.  Lichtenthaler 
brought  out  as  "something  new"  (?)  that 
the  spreading  of  the  disease  was  largely 
owing  to  the  practice  of  exchanging  combs 
from    one    hive    to    the    other. 

A  desire  was  manifested  for  an  effective 
foul  brood  law. 

In  the  line  of  law  making,  Fitczeck  spoke 
on  the  lack  of  protection  that  the  bee  and  the 
bee  business  received  from  the  general  gov- 
ernment. This  was  supplemented  by  Heydt, 
who  urged  that  sugar  refineries,  candy  shops, 
etc.,  should  be  compelled  to  keep  their  fac- 
tories   screened,    thus    excluding    bees. 

Among  other  topics  discussed  at  this  meet- 


ing were  "Half-story  or  Full-story  Frames 
in  the  Brood  Chamber,  or  Both,"  "The  De- 
velopment of  Bee-keeping,"  and  the  "Hold- 
ing   of    Bee-keepers'    Institutes. 


In  rendering  wax  Editor  Reidenbach 
found  that  when  using  hard  water  in  the 
process,  the  resulting  wax  cakes  were  part- 
ly of  a  spongy  nature,  the  lime  of  the 
water  combining  with  the  wax  and  form- 
ing a  grayish  body  on  the  underside  of  each 
cake.  When  using  rain  water  no  such  de- 
posit reAilted  and  the  color  of  the  wax 
in  general  was  much  brighter.  (The  com- 
piler of  this  has  a  similar  experience  with 
hard  water  and  will  look  into  the  matter 
at   an   early   date.) — Pfalz.   Bztg. 


Dennler  reports,  in  Elz.  Lothr.  Bzchtr., 
very  favorably  of  the  Golden  American  bees, 
says,  they  are  beauties  indeed,  and  are  as 
profitable   as    they   are   handsome. 


Extracting  combs  should  be  cleaned  up 
b\  the  bees  btlore  storing  away  for  win- 
ter is  the  verdict  of  Ludwig  in  Leipz.  Lztg. 
(Just     so.) 


In  regard  to  the  general  management  of 
bees,  L.  Vogel  lays  down  the  following  four 
theses  in  Deutsche  Bzcht. : 

1.  Every  colony  which  has  not  swarmed 
by  July  1st  should  be  compelled  to  discon- 
tinue brood   rearing  for  four  weeks. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  July  all  supers 
should  be  removed  so  that  the  best  honey 
may  be  stored  in  the  brood  chamber  for 
winter    stores. 

3.  The  majority  of  colonies  should  be  re- 
queened    in   July.  — 

4.  For  stimulating  the  bees,  the  feeding 
of    honey    is    to    be    preferred. 


The  last  numbers  of  the  German  bee- 
periodicals  are  full  of  convention  reports. 
To  the  compiler  of  this  the  chief  attrac- 
tions of  these  conventions  seem  to  be:  sight 
seeing,  social  amusements,  concerts,  theatres, 
drinking,  smoking  and  eating  with  compara- 


228 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


tively      little     transaction      of    bee      business 
mingled    in. 


November, 


AUSTRIA. 

Jung  Klaus  endorses,  in  the  Imker,  the 
following  advice  given  by  the  editor  of 
Leipz.  Bztg. :  "Not  to  disturb  the  tivood 
chamber  after  the  end  of  August."  but  should 
it  be  necessary  to  do  so,  th^n  to  always 
return  the  combs  in  the  same  order  as  they 
were    taken    out. 

Jung  Klaus  adds:  All  colonuis  shouid 
go  into  the  winter  strong  in  numbers,  have 
a  good  queen,  and  their  hive  should  be  well 
ventilated. 

Jung  Klaus,  the  compiler  of  the  Sammel- 
Korb,  a  department  in  Deutsche  Imker  sim- 
ilar to  the  Bee-Keeping  World  of  the  A. 
B.  K.,  is  inclined  to  poke  fun  at  the  many 
inventors  of  apiarian  clap- traps,  and  per- 
haps   has    good    reason. 


FRANCE. 

TOP   ENTRANCES. 

Fricoire  Brothers  report  that  last  year 
they  tried  to  put  the  entrances  of  the  hives 
during  the  honey  flow,  between  the  brood 
nest  and  the  supers,  says  L'Apiculteur.  They 
tried  only  20  colonies  that  way.  They  re- 
port that  so  far  as  the  surplus  was  concerned, 
they  think  there  was  but  little  difference, 
if  any,  between  these  twenty  colonies  and 
the  others.  The  queens  did  not  go  in  the 
upper  stories,  the  brood  nests  remained 
where  they  were.  The  "floors"  of  the  hives 
were  as  clean  asthose  that  had  the  en- 
trances at  the  usual  place.  Contrary  to 
what  might  have  been  expected,  the  brood 
nests  were  fuller  of  honey.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  partition  of  the  combs  near  the 
entrances  were  neglected.  They  will  try 
again. 

On  the  same  subject  a  correspondent 
of  the  Rucher  Beige  states  that  with  the 
entrance  above,  the  ventilation  is  easier  since 
the  warm,  vitiated  air  naturally  raises.  Such 
being  the  case,  the  ventilation  might  be  too 
free.   If  the  entrance  was  too  large. 

Of  all  the  reports,  I  have  met  so  far,  this 
is  the  first  that  does  not  give  a  considerable 
increase  of  surplus  as  the  result  of  having 
the  entrance  above. 


agement,  etc.,  all  have  an  influence,  and 
some  of  the  items  that  appear  in  this  de- 
partment look  "fishy"  to  the  American 
reader.  Don't  be  in  too  big  a  hurry  to  con? 
demn  them.  It  may  be  merely  a  questioi. 
of    "locality."  • 

In  order  to  avoid  too  great  a  misunder- 
standing. I  have  often  put  in  (for  better 
or  worse)  a  word  or  two  of  explanation 
when  the  difference  of  conditions  between 
here  and  Europe  seemed  to  me  to  justify 
it. 

A  few  days  ago  it  occurred  t"o  me  that  I 
have  at  least  made  one  mistake.  I  often 
said  that  it  must  be  remembered  that  the 
users  of  movable  frame  hives  in  Europe 
work  for  extracted  honey  exclusively  or  prac- 
tically so.  And  that  is  true.  But  here 
in  America  working  for  extracted  honey, 
if  I  mistake  not,  is  understood  invariably  as 
giving  to  the  bees  all  the  empty  combs  tnoy 
may  need  even  if  it  is  necessary  to  extract 
those  already  filled  during  the  honey  flow 
and  return  them  to  the  bees.  In  Europe, 
it  is  customary  to  wait  till  late  and  extract 
all  together.  It  is  very  seldom  that  a 
bee-keeper  has  enough  combs  to  fully  ac- 
commodate all  his  colonies.  The  result  is 
that  almost  every  colony  receives  a  few 
combs  and  a  number  of  Jrames  'sometimes 
filled  with  foundation,  but  more  often  with 
only    starters. 

So  these  colonies  are  really  in  a  condi- 
tion not  very  unlike  ours  when  working 
for  comb  honey;  or,  more  properly,  for 
chunk  honey,  and  this  should  be  borne  in 
mind. 


AN  EXPLANATION. 
Before  going  Into  the  papers  before  me,  I 
think  a  little  explanatory  preface  would  not 
be  amiss.  As  insisted  on,  time  and  again, 
lately,  the  conditions  under  which  a  bee- 
keeper operates  should  be  fully  understood 
before  a  safe  opinion  can  be  rendered  in 
regard  to  his  assertions.  "Locality,"  that 
is,  climate,  time  of  the  year,  nature  of  the 
flow,    kind   of  hives   used,    methods  of  man- 


PROGRESSIVE  BOX-HIVE  BEE-KEEP- 
ERS. 

The  American  reader  may  not  be  much 
surprised  to  read  that  the  number  of  box- 
hives  or  straw -hives,  is,  in  Europe,  several 
times  greater  than  the  number  of  movable 
frame  hives,  but  he  may  be  surprised  to  learn 
that  a  number  of  the  very  best  bee-keepers 
and  writers  there  prefer  the  box- hives,  and, 
furthermore,  get  as  good  results  from  them 
as  others  do  from  the  frame  hives. 

However,  there  are  box-hives  and  box- 
hives.  The  right  kind  consists  of  a  brood 
nest  and  a  super  of  sufficient  size.  When 
the  flow  comes,  the  super  is  put  on  and  is 
filled,  if  there  is  enough  bees  in  the  hive 
and  enough  nectar  in  the  flowers.  The 
swarming  question  is  managed  on  some  plan 
more  or  less  similar  to  our  "shook  swarm- 
ing." This  being  kept  in  mind,  will  often 
help  to  understand  some  of  the  statements 
made  in  this  department,  which  otherwise 
might  appear  inconsistent. 


1905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


229 


FLAT  FOOLISHNESS. 
Mr.  Forestier,  who  lives  In  the  French- 
peaking-  part  of  Switzerland,  made  some 
ixperiinents  last  summer  to  ascertain 
whether  the  bees  recognize  each  other  or 
ather  those  of  the  saine  hive  by  their  odor. 
le  first  ascertained  the  effect  on  his  own 
lands.  He  washed  them  thoroughly,  and 
hen  rubbed  them  with  the  "juice"  obtained 
)y  crushing  the  drones  from  a  certain  hive. 
Then  he  proceeded  to  open  the  hive,  handle 
he  frames,  bees,  etc.  Not  a  sting  was 
eceived,  the  bees  even  ran  quietly  over  his 
lands,  like  they  did  on  their  own  combs. 
But  when  he  attempted  to  do  the  same 
vith  a  different  colony,  the  stings  came  fast 
md  furious.  The  experiment  was  repeated 
several  times  with  the  same  results  except 
ccasionally  during  higli  w-inds  or  very  hot 
Breather,  when  the  operator  received  a  few 
itlngs.  This  may  be  explained  from  the 
act  that  a  high  wind  would  carry  away 
he  "juice's"  odor  and  leave  only  the  na- 
ural  odor  of  the  hands.  In  hot  weather, 
he  abundant  perspiration  evidently  spoiled 
he    program. 

The  next  was  to  try  on  bees.  The  re- 
sults were  the  same.  A  bee  washed  in 
greatly  diluted  alcohol  and  then  daubed  with 
'juice"  from  the  drones  of  another  hive  is 
well  received  in  the  hive  from  which  the 
drones  were  taken,  from;  but  invariably 
killed  or  repulsed  when  presented  to  her 
own  home.  The  experiment  was  also  made 
with  the  two  queens  with  the  same  result. 
Mr.  Forestier  suggests  that  this  might  fur- 
nish another  "infallible"  method  of  intro- 
ducing queens. — Bulletin  de  la  Suisse  Ro- 
mande. 


WHY   NOT  TRY   THE   PIGS? 
Somebody    has    suggested    that    very    dark, 
unsalable   honey    would    be   a   splendid    horse 
feed;    that    is,    mixed    with    the    usual    grain 
and  hay  ration. 


QUEEN  CELLS. 
An  English  queen  breeder,  Mr.  H.  W. 
Brice,  is  quoted  as  saying  that  when  a  queen 
is  removed,  two  sets  of  queen  cells  are  start- 
ed, the  nrst  on  larvae  already  hatched,  the 
second  two  days  later,  or  about,  on  larvae 
that  were  not  hatched  yet  when  the  re- 
moval took  place.  The  first  batch  may  num- 
ber from  three  to  fifteen,  the  second,  only 
two  or  three,  perhaps  only  one.  The  queens 
from    the    second    batch    are    the    best. 


PROBABLY  CORRECT. 
The  remark  has  been  made  that  some- 
times the  strongest  colonies  fail  to  give 
the  amount  of  surplus  that  their  size  would 
lead  to  expect.  Mr,  Klein  thinks  in  such 
cases  the  proper  proportion  between  old  and 
young  bees  does  not  exist.  That  they  have 
been  strong  only  a  short  time,  brood  rearing 
having  only  developed  just  before  the  flow. 
He  says  that  a  colony  not  well  supplied 
with  brood  on  May  1st  is  not  likely  to  be 
well  supplied  with  bees  on  May  20th  and 
will  scarcely  be  well  supplied  with  honey 
on  June  15th.  He  insists  on  the  necessity 
of  having  the  colonies  strong  when  going 
into  winter  quarters,  so  a  large  amount  of 
brood  can  be  raised  early  enough  to  fur- 
nish field  bees  when  the  flows  come. 


TAKE    IT    WITH    A    GRAIN    OF    SALT. 

Mr.  H.  Fontaine  proposes  a  new  way  of 
managing  bees  for  extracted  honey.  Some- 
how or  other,  he  placed  once  in  a  hive 
some  pieces  of  broken  combs  in  a  horizontal 
position.  To  his  surprise,  he  found  that  the 
bees  were  using  them  as  well  as  if  they 
had  been  in  their  usual  position.  This  gave 
him  the  idea  of  using  in  the  surplus  apart- 
ments combs  made  with  double  artificial 
base  of  wood  or  metal  placed  horizontally 
and  having  cells  only  on  the  upper  side. 
The  upper  base,  to  which  the  cells  would  be 
attached,  should  be  perforated  with  small 
holes.  As  fast  as  the  bees  would  put  the 
honey  in  the  cells  it  would  run  through  these 
holes  and  between  the  two  pieces  of  the 
double  base  and  from  there  in  any  conven- 
ient kind  of  receptacle.  The  best  part  of 
the  story  is  that  a  trial  made  with  a  small 
piece  of  comb  thus  constructed  has  suc- 
ceeded.— L'Apiculteur. 


WINTERING. 
The  editor  of  a  German  paper  says  that 
when  the  bees  have  eaten  all  the  honey 
around  them  they  can  not  always  pass  to 
other  comVs  and  sometimes  not  even  move 
toward  the  other  end  of  the  combs.  There- 
fore, the  frames  ought  to  be  tall  enough 
and  of  such  width  and  number,  that  the 
honey  is  above  the  cluster.  The  bees  can 
always  move  up;  that  is,  the  cluster,  no 
matter  how  compact  it  Is,  because  the  heat 
produced  rises  also  and  they  can  follow 
with  it.  He  also  prefers  the  frames  across 
the  entrances  so  as  to  break  the  air  cur- 
rents. 

WATCH  IT  NEXT  YEAR. 
From  a  Hungarian  paper,  the  statement 
is  quoted,  that  after  a  colony  swarms,  a 
part  of  the  cells  are  destroyed  while  there 
are  no  queens  in  the  hive.  In  that  case 
it  is  always  the  po.nt  of  the  cell  that  is 
gnawed.  Often  whea  two  or  more  cells 
are  close  together,  one  will  be  left  untouched. 
Frequently  good  cells  will  be  destroyed 
while  insignificant  ones  are  unmolested.    The 


230 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


apiarist    who    reported   this,    Mr.    Inkos,    says 
he  has  observed  this  very  often. 


November 

Second    Day. 

MORNING  SESSION.— 9:30   A.    M. 
How    Many   Bees    Shall   a   Man    Keep?— E 
D.    Townsend,    Remus,   Mich. 

Short    Cuts    In    Bee-Keeping. — M.    A.    Gill 


THEY    INDICATE    THE    FLOW. 
Mr.   De  Layens,   by  observations   taken   for 
two   months   on    39    colonies,    found   that    the     Longmont,    Colo, 
number    of    ventilating    bees    corresponds    to 
the  amount  of  honey  gathered.     The  observa- 
tions were  taken   in   the  early  morning,   that     Junction,  Colo, 
being    the    only    time    of    the    day    when    the         Question   Box 
exact    number    of    ventilating    bees    can    be  AFTERNOON    SESSION.-2 -00   P     M 

IT      ;.    ''r'    TT     °'     ''""'^     ^"'"""'"^        The  Control  Of  increase.-!,.  Stacheihausen 
was       ascertamed       from       a       colony       on     Converse,   Texas. 
scales.        The    highest    number    of    ventilat- 


Producing  Both  Comb  and  Extracted  Honej 
on   the   Same   Colony. — Jas.    A.   Green,    Granc 


ing  bees  was  70.  He  considers  20  as  the 
index  of  a  good  colony.  If  from  day  to 
day  the  number  of  ventilating  bees  is  plated 
on  a  chart  and  on  the  same  chart,  the  daily 
Increase  of  weight  from  the  colony  on  scales, 
both  curves  will  correspond.  The  conclu- 
sion is  that  the  chief  object  of  ventilation  is 
to  evaporate  the  nectar  brought  in. — L'Api- 
culteur. 


SWITZERLAND. 

MORE    TOP    ENTRANCES. 
A  correspondent  tried  removing  the  entrance    Mich 


Migratory  Bee-Keeping. — R.  F.  Holterman 
Brantford,   Canada. 
Question    Box. 

EVENING    SESSION. — 7:30    P.    M. 
Contagious  Diseases  Among  Bees  and  Ho^ 
to   Distinguish  Them. — Dr.   W^m.   R.   Howard 
Ft.   VPorth,   Texas. 

Experimental  Apiculture. — Dr.   E.    E.   Phil- 
ips, Washington,  D.  C. 

Third    Day. 
MORNING    SESSION. — 9:30    A.     M. 
The     Honey     Producers     League. — Can     It 
Help    Bee-Keepers? — R.    D.    Taylor,    Lapeer, 


above  the  brood  nest  with  two  colonies.  One 
of  them  did  not  do  very  well  at  first.  It 
was  then  discovered  that  the  bottom  board 
did  not  fit  well.  After  this  defect  was  remed- 
ied, everything  went  well,  the  colony  filled 
12  frames  of  surplus,  extracted  honey  and 
one  frame  of  American  sections.  (The  size 
of  the  frames  is  not   given.) 

The  second  filled  nearly  three  supers;  that 
is  86  pounds,  and  a  frame  of  sections.  Both 
gave  considerably  more  than  any  of  the 
colonies  having  the  entrance  below.  In 
that  locality,  40  pounds  is  considered  a  big 
yield. — Bulletin  de  la  Suisse  Romande. 


The  Business  End   of  Bee-Keeping. — N.   B, 
France,   Platteville,  Wis. 

Successful     Experience     in     Making     Honej 
Vinegar. — H.   M.   Arnd,   Cliicago,   111. 
Question  Box. 

AFTERNOON    SESSION.— 2 :00    P.    M. 
In    What    Way    Can    Bee-Keepers    Secur« 
Their     Supplies     at     Lower     Prices? — -W.     H. 
Putnam,  River  Falls,  Wis. 

How    the    Producer    and    Dealer    May    Ad- 
vance    Their     Mutual     Interests. — Fred     W. 
Muth,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Question   Box. 

EVENING    SESION. — 7:30    P.     M. 
What  Have  We  to  Hope  for  from  the  Non- 
Swarming   Hive? — L.   A.   Aspinwall,   Jackson, 
Mich. 

Poultry    Keeping    for    the    Bee-Keeper. — E. 

Arrangements     have     been     completed     for     T.  Abott,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 
holding     the     meeting     in     Chicago,     at     the  W.   Z.   HUTCHINSON,    Sec. 

Revere  House,  corner  of  Michigan  and  Clark  

streets,    on   the   5th,    6th   and   7th   of   Decern-  Quotll     Lincoln: — "YoU     can    fool     all 

ber,  1905.  This  hotel  can  accommodate  at  of  the  people  SOme  of  the  time  and 
least  300  bee-keepers,  and  the  rates  are  75  some  Of  .  the  people  all  Of  the  time, 
cents    for    a    room    alone,    or    50    cents    each    but   you   Cannot   fool   all   the   people   all 

where  two  occupy  the  same  room.     Meals  ^^q  time."     As  true  to-day  as  when  he 

are  extra,  or  they  may  be  secured  at  nearby  ^aid  It 

restaurants.  

First  Day.  „„  .                              ,        ,                     ,     j.     ,i 

EVENING   SESSION.-? :30   P.    M.  ^^''^^'^    ''''''    ^^^    ^^^^^^     ^'^""^    ^^'^^ 


PROGRAM    FOR    THE    NATIONAL 
CON\^ENTION. 


Wax-Rendering  Methods  and  Their  Faults. 


seem.     Better   loolc   beneath   the   sur- 
face. 


— O.  L.  Hershiser,  Buffalo,  N.   Y. 

Can  the  Tariff  on  Comb  Honey  be  Tinkered 
With    to    the    Advantage    of    the    U.    S.    Bee-  You    will     find     it    first    in    the     Bee- 

Keeper? — Hildreth  and  Segelken,   New  York.     Keeper. 


bd  1905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


231 


TUB 


American  Bee=Keeper 


If  you  are  not  m  subscrihoi-  to  the 
Bee-Keeper,  try  it  for  a  year.  It  will 
save  you  many  dollars. 


PUBLISHED  MONTHLY. 

THE  W.  T.  FAllcONER  MFG.  CO. 

Proprietors. 


PUBLISHING  OFFICE,      -     -     -     Fort  Pierce  Fla. 
HOME  OFFICE. Falconer,  N.  Y. 


HARRY  E.  HILL,        Editor 

ARTHUR   C.    MILLER,     -     Associate  Editor 


TER3IS: 

Fifty  cents  a  year  In  advance;  2  copies  S.'i 
cents;  3  copies  $1.20;  all  to  be  sent  to  one 
postofBce. 

Postage  prepaid  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada;  10  cents  extra  to  all  countries  in  the 
postal  union,  and  20  cents  extra  to  all  other 
countries. 

ADVERTISING      KATES: 

Fifteen  cents  per  line,  9  words;  $2.00  per 
inch.  Five  per  cent  discount  for  two  inser- 
tions; seven  per  cent  for  three  insertions; 
twenty   per   cent   for    twelve    insertions. 

Matters  relating  in  any  way  to  business 
should    invariably    be    addressed    to 

THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER, 

Falconer,  N.   Y. 


Articles  for  publication  or  letters  exclusive- 
ly for  the  editorial  department  may  be  ad- 
dressed   to  H.    E.    HIL/L, 

Fort  Pierce,  Fla. 

Subscribers  receiving  their  paper  In  blue 
wrapper  will  know  that  their  subscription  ex- 
pires with  this  number.  We  hope  that  you 
will  not  delay  in  favoring  us  with  a  renew- 
al. 

A  red  wrapper  on  your  paper  indicates 
that  you  owe  for  your  subscription.  Please 
give   the   mattter   your    early   attention. 


BMtortal. 


We  bave  no  "ax  to  grind,"  no  hob- 
bies to  exploit.  We  are  Avorking  for 
your  good.  Your  -success  means  ours 
also. 


A  correspondent  in  Matanza,s  pro- 
vince, Cuba,  anticipates  another  "big 
year"  for  the  Cuban  honey  producer 
next  season. 


Do  you  itch — to  get  all  the  wax 
from  the  old  combs?  Then  scratch — 
"claw  over"  the  scalding  hot  mass 
ii:  your  wax  press.  You  will  get  hot, 
scald  your  fingei\s,  perhaps  swear, 
dirty  the  kitchen,  put  your  wife  out 
of  sorts,  upset  the  whole  family,  and 
after  all  get  only  part  of  the  wax. 

I'assing  strange  that  coincident 
with  the  death  of  the  Government'.s 
Caucasian  queen  a  certain  firm  should 
be  informed  of  it  and  discover  that 
they  possessed  two  from  which  they 
would  sell  stock.  This  reminds  us 
that  the  present  acting  head  of  the 
department  is  a  protege  of  said  firm. 
Who  said  graft? 


The  Fred  W.  Muth  Company,  our 
Cincinnati  correspondent,  desires  to 
call  attention  of  shippei's  to  the  fact 
that  prices  quoted  in  our  columns,  are 
tliose  at  which  it  sells  and  not  its 
buying  prices.  It  is  important  that 
producers  make  a  note  of  this,  as  a 
failure  to  do  so  may  result  in  dlsap- 
jiointment.  This  company,  whicn 
deals  very  extensively  in  apiarian 
[iroducts,  advises  that  reports  from 
different  parts  of  the  country  imlicare 
an  almost  total  failure  of  the  comb 
honey  crop,  excepting  points  at  tha 
North.  That  it  has  been  a  aismal 
failure  in  Florida,  the  v^ditor  of  The 
Bee-Keeper    knows    by    experience. 


Through  a  regretable  oversight 
the  illustrated  article  printed  last 
month  on  pages  106-107,  "Bee  Experts 
Hunt  Queens  for  Prizes,"  was  not 
credited  to  the  Philadelphia  North 
American,  from  which  journal  it  was 
taken,  by  courtesy  of  the  publishers. 


With  the  approach  of  winter  each 
season  comes  a  flood,  of  inquiries  from 
our  northern  friends  in  regard  to 
Florida.  Sometimes  the  exhaustive 
lists  of  questions  would  require  an 
additional  con-espondence  clerk  in  our 
oflice  to  give  them  all  careful  atten- 
tion. So  great  seems  the  interest 
at  times  that  we  have  wondered  If 
our  readers  in  general  would  not  ap- 
preciate having  one  issue  of  The  Bee- 
Keeper  transformed  into  a  Florida 
number,  and  devoted  almost  entirely 
to  information  regarding  "The  Land 
of  Flowers."  If  such  an  inclination 
were  evinced  we  should,  gladly  do  so; 
but  to  answer  the  thousands  of  ques- 
tions privateis'  is  a  practical  impos- 
sibility. 


232 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


November, 


CAUCASIANS. 

The  last  issue  of  Gleanings  says 
"The  American  Bee-Keeper  for  Octo- 
ber is  inclined  to  regard  the  Caucasi- 
ans 'as  the  most  worthless  race  of 
bees  that  has  ever  been  offer. \1  to 
the  American  public,  and  it  would 
advise  caution  on  tlie  part  of  those 
who  think  of  investing  in  them.  Editor 
Hill  may  be  right.  Dr.  D.  E.  Lyon,  on 
the  other  hand,  who  has  a  colony  of 
these  bees,  is  very  enthusia.stic  over 
them.  He  says  he  can  jerk  tlie  hive 
open  in  cool  weather,  without  smoke, 
and  the  bees  will  not  resent  it.  He 
regards  them  as  a  valuable  acquisition. 
The  one  or  two  colonies  we  have  seen 
vseem  to  he  quite  gentle;  but  rhe  bees 
were  too  young  at  the  time  of  my  ex- 
amination to  form  anything  like  an  ac- 
curate opinion  of  their  temper.  How- 
ever. Gleanings  believes  they  are 
worth  te>sting.  and  looks  with'  much 
favor  on  the  effort  of  tbe  general  gov- 
ernment to  obtain  tnem  fron'  the  Cau- 
casus, and  import  them  into  the  United 
States.  One  serious  objection  to  them  I 
see  i'S  that  those  we  have  look  so  much 
like  black  bees  (much  more  than  the 
Carniolans)  that  it  would  be  almost 
impossible  to  determine  by  their  mark- 
ings whether  they  were  pure  or  not, 
especially  if  raised  in  a  vicinity  where 
black    drones   were  present." 

The  American  Bee-Keeper  has  on 
several  occasions  expressed  a  belief 
that  the  Caucasians  were  probably  the 
gentlest  race  of  bees  knoA^ni.  though 
the  editor  has  demonstrated  by  more 
recent  experience  that  at  least  some 
Punic*^  are  quite  as  gentle  as  the 
Caucasians  witb  which  he  has  had 
experience.  It  appears  from  the  fore- 
going (luotation  that  gentlenas«  is  the 
only  virtue  claimed  either  by  Bro. 
Root  or  Dr.  Lyon,  and  we  think  few 
apiarists  would  care  to  invest  much 
cash  in  "gentleness"  bereft  of  other 
merits.  Those  who  keep  bees  usually 
do  ^so  with  another  object  than  comfort 
in  view;  and  we  have  .some  slight 
Itasis  for  a  belief  that  freedom  from 
stings  and  innumerable  queen  celhs  are 
about  the  only  protluct  aAvaiting  the 
bee-keeper  who  banks  exclusively  on 
the   Caucasian. 

The  characteristic  gentleness  of  the 
Caucasian  has  been  explained  bv  their 
e(iually  characteristic  lack  of  "energy 
—they  are  too  lazy  to  sting. 


ANOTHER  POSTAL  CARD  FROM 
"PAT." 
^lany  of  our  readers,  we  know,  will 
be  pleased  to  have  fresh  tidings  from 
the  indomitable  "Pat.""  who  a  few 
.A-ears  ago  went  to  Cuba  with  the  evi- 
dent intention  of  saving  all  the  nectar 
secretion  of  the  island  not  taken  care 
of  by  his  predecessons  there.  Occasion- 
ally Pat  gets  hold  of  a  postal  card, 
and  favors  The  Bee-Keeper  with  a 
brief  account  of  his  "doings;  and  the 
last,  under  date  of  Sept.  18,  bears  the 
bad  news  that  last  season  he  lost  about 
seven  hundred  colonies,  "most  part 
of  which  died  from  hungry  and  dis- 
eases," he  writes.  He  has  four  hun- 
dred colonies  left  with  which  to  be- 
gin the  coming  season.  It  is  sincerely 
to  be  ho])ed  that  no  more  of  his  force 
may  succumb  to  either  "hungry"  or 
di.sease. 


it 


»j 


LOOKING  BACKWARD. 
The    Subject    of    Queen-rearing    as 
Appeared  to  Mr.  Davis  Twenty 
Years   Ago. 
In  this  i^sue  of  The  Bee-Keeper  will 
be   found   the   sixth   of  the    series   of 
articlas.      "Sixty    Years     Among     thei  'f 
Bees."'    by    :\Ir.    W.    J.    Davis,    which' 
brings  the  subject  down  to  the  "min- 
ute."" 

Believing  that  those  readers  who 
have  foilowetl  Mr.  Davis"  lettersf?' 
would  be  interested  in  some  of  his  "" 
earlier  Avritings,  we  present  herewith 
an  essay  written  by  Mr.  Davis  some 
tAventy-three  years  ago  and  read  be- 
fore the  NortJi-Eastern  Bee-Keepers' 
Association  at  Utica,  N.  Y.,  Januaiy 
25.  1882.  It  is  a  masterly  discourse 
and  is  characteristic  of  the  produc- 
tions of  this  eminently  able  veteran: 
Mi-.  Pre-sident  and  :\Iembers  of  the 
North-Easteni  Bee-Keepers'  Associ- 
ation: 
I  have  not  egotism  enough  to  sup- 
pose that  I  can  instruct  members  of 
so  intelligent  a  body  of  apiarists  of 
the  old  Empire  State,  in  any  depart- 
ment of  our  fascinating  pursuit,  es- 
pecially the  one  assigned  me  (by  your 
affable  secretaiy)  which  lies  at  the 
foundation  of  successful  bee  culture, 
and  any  effort  to  do  so  would  be  but 
reflecting  back  a  glimmer  of  the  light 
received  from  that  ])ioneer  of  practi- 
cal and  scientific  bee-culture,  Mr. 
Quinby,    of   your    State.      Your   large 


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„,.-..  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  233 

,Hl  prosperous  association  is  to  my  watched  the  result.  All  were  snpplitKl 
nn,l  an  evidence  of  the  enthusiasm  with  the  same  kind  of  food,  some 
(.  labored  to  awaken  in  a  Ions  neslect-  wonld  become  dormant  in  a  short 
1  indnsti-y.  His  pen  enriched  the  time  while  othws  would  live  several 
■I    r-i    of    the    auricultural     press    in   days. 

,mr  State  in  ante  bee-journal  days,  I  know  no  better  term  than  to  say 
11(1  led  manv  a  fji-opins'  noA-ice  from  the  latter  possessed  more  vigor,  or 
irkness  into  light.  Mav  the  names  power  of  endurance,  and  as  the  queen, 
f  rangc^troth  and  Quinby  never  be  so  would  be  her  worker  progeny, 
r"otten  while   a    flower  blooms  and   easily    chilled    in    summer    or    winter 

bee's  wing  cuts  the  summer  air  in  or  possessing  the  power  of  resisting 
lis  fair  land  of  ours.  unfavorable   surroundings. 

In  the  consideration  of  our  subject  2.  Beauty.  Men  love  the  beautiful 
e  shall  go  bevond  the  mere  mechani-  wherever  seen.  "Beautiful  women, 
al  part  of  queen-rearing,  for  I  ad-  beautiful  landscapes,  beautiful  homes, 
i-ess  a  convention  of  bee  masters,  beautiful  fiower-s.  beautiful  honey, 
ot  noAiccs.  and  first  consider  the  beautiful  bees.  Some  men  may  pro- 
biect  to  be  attained.  TTiat  the  fess  a  contempt  for  the  beautiful,  but 
ueen  bee  is  the  "mainspring"  of  the  we  don't  believe  their  professions,  and 
Ive  there  will  probablv  be  none  to  if  forced  to  take  thein  at  their  word 
ues'tion  and  to  produce  her  ladyship  we  soiTOwfully  admit  them  to  be 
1  the  way  that  shall  develop  the  moral  monsters.  But  we  hope  there 
ighest  excellence,  such  as  vigor,  are  none  such  in  onr  fraternity.  The 
eauty  longevit:\',  gentleness,  etc.,  flimsy  as,sertion  of  some,  that  we 
hould  be  the  aim"  of  everv  bee-keeper,  -sacrifice  productive  Industry  as  the 
rhether  he  rears  queens  bevond  the  price  of  beauty  In  our  bees  is  not 
rants  of  his  own  colonies  or  not.  sustained  by  analogy,  or  unprejudiced 
^  1.^1-  ,-,.fr.  +1-.*^  inwq  that  experience.  To  possess  the  highest 
o  Vi-n"th:%  oduc«on  of'^an  mal  Me  tn-  of  stock  of  any  kind  Is  a  -source 
.e  find  that  one  law  ohtains,  from  of  pleasure.  To  have  our  customers 
Li  low  through  all  the  grades  of  «ay:  "Tlie  queen  you  sent  me  is  the 
wer  a  iina  l^fe!  viz:  "The  animal  handsomest  one  I  ever  saw'  is  cer- 
fte?  his  kind."  t^^i"!-^'  l'l^^^«=^"t  to  say  the  least. 

While  climate,  food  and  surronnd-  3.  Longevitj\  It  is  a  fact  that  some 
iigs  have  their  influence,  man  is  still  queens  die  after  having  laid  eggs  but 
aan,  whether  barbarons  or  enlight-  a  few  weeks,  while  others  live  and 
ned",  and  his  domestic  animals  when  prosper  four  or  five  years.  All  life 
ired"  with  any  special  peculiarity  or  insurance  companies  are  particular 
rait  in  view,  have  developed  the  to  inquire  as  to  thie  longevity  of  the 
raits  desired.  While  there  are  many  parents  of  the  applicant  for  a  policy 
lesirable  traits  in  our  present  strain  of  insurance  claiming  to  calculate  the 
if  Italian  bees  that  shonld  be  fostered  risk  Avith  mnch  certainty.  I  shall 
n  breeding,  I  have  named  but  four,  assume  that  the  same  rule  holds  good 
leeming  that  further  enumeration  in  the  breeding  of  bees,  and  that  a 
vould  make  our  essay  undesirably  long-lived  queen  will  be  more  likely 
ono;_  to     produce     long-lived     queens     and 

The  first  trait,  vigor,  strength,  Avorkers  than  one  that  lived  to  be  only 
tower  of  endurance.  As  bee-keepers  one  year  old.  It  Mill  readily  be  seen 
ve  do  not  want  all  onr  hopes  blasted  that  if  we  can  add  but  one  week  to 
>y  the  occurrence  of  unusually  severe  the  average  life  of  the  w-orking-foree 
vinters.  which  are  liable  to  occur  in  of  Uie  hive,  we  have  added  largely 
>ur  variable  climate.  That  one  colony  to  the  profits  of  the  apiary.  A  week 
>f  bees  lives  and  another  by  its  side-  of  addetl  life  to  the  worker  bees  would 
lies  under  preciselv  the  same  con-  be  a  week  of  active  outdoor  hibor. 
litions  is  evidence  of  different  powers  To  rear  bees  that  die  off  quickly 
)f   endurance.  (comparatively)    is    a    profitless    pur- 

I    have    different    times    exposed    a  suit, 
lumber    of     laying    queens,     confined       I  deem  it  a  very  great  mistake   to 
without   workers,   in   cages,   to  a   low  suppose  that  the  queen  that  can  lay 
■emperature     for     be&s     singly,     and   the    greatest    amonnt    of    eggs    m    a 


-'^-^  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  Noyemb€ 

given    time    is    therefore    a    desirable   to  another   at   intervals   of   about  ti 
queen.     If  we  assume  that  the  queen    days,    or   the   reuioval    of   brood    fro 
bee  IS  capable  of  laying  500,000  eggs    the    hive    of   -said    queen    mother 
diinng   her   life,    shall    we   have   them    my   own   practice   I   prefer  to  remo- 
laid    in    two    years    or   four?     In    my    the    queen,    and    queens    produced    1 
early   experience  with   the  Italians,   I    the  removal   of  tbe  queen  mother 
had    queens    that    would    keep    10    L    any    time    when    a     good    degree 
frames    and   all    the    surplus    capacity    actiAity  exists  in  the  hive  with  plen 
I  could  give  them   full  of  brood,  the   of  bees,  brood  and  eggs,  and  increa 
bees  during  the  clover  harvest  work-    ing  stores.     I  have  never  been  able 
ing  for  dear  life  to  feed  the  baby  bees    discover   that  thev   were  in  any   ws 
which  in  a  short  time  were  to  be  only    inferior  to  tho-se  produced  bv  iiatur 
useless   consumers.      If   there    be   any    swarming,   while  those  reared   out 
spot  on  earth  M'here  the  honey  flow  is    season  certainlv  are  inferior      2d    i 
abundant  and  peiDetual  my  argument    what  age  vshall"  the  queen  mother  b 
would    not    apply,    but    that    place    is    I  take  it  that  with  the  queen  bee    ; 
not  A^  estem  Pennslvania.  with    man   and   all    onr   domestic   ki 

I  found  that  such  stocks,  while  mals,  there  is  a  period  of  greate 
they  yielded  an  undesu-able  increase,  vigor,  and  there  are  times  wheth 
never  gave  me  any  surplus  honey  or  perceptible  or  imperceptible  of  gainii 
even  provided  themselves  with  sur-  or  declining  strength.  Hence  in  s- 
ficient  winter  stores,  while  other  lecting  queen  mothers,  I  would  alii 
stocks  with  far  less  brood  would  give  avoid  the  extremes  of  life;  I  wou 
a  good  yield  of  suri>lus  honey  and  well  not  breed  from  a  queen  less  than  oi 
tilled  combs  of  winter  stores;  and  or  more  than  three  years  old— pro 
sub.sequent  years  of  experience  have  ably  the  best  age  is  the  summer  th; 
fully  satisfied  me  that  excessive  breed-  the  mother  bee  is  two  years  ol 
iiig  IS  not  a  ti-ait  to  be  desired  in  About  ten  or  eleven  years  since 
the     coming  bee,"  but  longevity  is.  purchased   an    Italian   queen   from   (; 

4.  Gentleness  or  amiabilitj^  of  tern-  that  time)  a  prominent  breeder  wl 
per.  The  -sting  of  the  bee  is  bad  Pi-ofes-sed  to  have  reared  ,six  gen, 
enough  even  to  professional  apiarists  I'ations  of  queens  in  one  season,  ar 
but  they  are  not  the  only  ones  I  gness  he  had.  Without  assumir 
atfected  by  the  presence  of  vicious  it  a*  a  fact  in  beeology,  I  would  su 
bees.  We  claim  the  right  to  keep  luit  it  as  an  hypothesis  that  the  co 
bees  in  ^'illages,  incorporated  towns  tinned  breeding  of  queens  from  youi 
and  cities,  and  if  we,  as  bee-keepers,  'ineens  will  stimulate  to  excessiA 
tolerate  cross  bees,  they  and  we  must  breeding  at  the  expense  of  vigo 
grew  more  and  more  in  disfavor  longevity,  and  honey  storing  qualitie 
with  the  people  and  ordinancas  for  -"^s  to  how  to  produce  the  gieatei 
their  removal  from  such  places  will  number  of  queens,  shall  form  no  pa: 
become  more  frequent.  In  short,  of  this  essay,  as  bee-keeping  has  su 
eveiy  consideration  of  Avistlom,  peace,  fered  enough  from  that  sonrce.  ] 
and  comfort  dictates  the  suppression  queen  breeders  would  kill  at  sigl 
of  tlie  vicious  type  of  onr  honey  bees,     every    objectionable    queen    and    se 

Having  thus  defined  some  of  the  '^^'^  *"  numbers  at  a  better  price 
qualities  to  be  kept  in  view  in  rearing  ^'0"ltl  be  quite  as  well  for  the  breede 
queens.  Ave  will  next  consider  briefly  ^^'^  much  better  for  the  purchase: 
Avhen  and  how  to  proceed.  Ist.  Vigor-  ^^^I^av  me  to  wish  you  a  happy  an 
ous  long-lived  queens  cannot  be  reared  '^^^^■^'essful  sas-sion  of  your  associatio 
much  outside  the  swarming  season,  ''^"^^  ^  prosperons  year  for  the  bles-se 
and  no  interference  of  man  can  pro-  ^^^^  ^^^'^  ^'^*^""  owners. 
duce  better  queens  than  the  old-fash-  W.  J.   Davis, 

ioned  Avay  of  natural  swarming,  pro-       Youngsville,    Pa. 

viding   the   SAvarming   colonies   are  of  

the  type  above  indicated.     But  Avhen        "^^'•^'  *^'^''"  ^^^^  ^'^  ^^''^^^  know  them. 

the  supi)ly  of  queen  mothers  is   very 

limitetl  the  process  is  quite  too  slow  T'lere  is  more  solid  and  valuabi 
Hence  Ave  must  resort  to  the  removal  '"'^^t^i'  '^^  ^'ic^  issue  of  the  Bee-Keepe 
of  the  queen  mother  from  one  colony    ^^^^"  ^^  **^^  ^'^^^  space  in   any  othe 

bee-paper. 


EC 


lai 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


9or>. 

.ABELS    FOR    EXTRACTED    HON- 
EY. 

We  are  in  receipt  of  a  sample  lioney 
abel  recently  put  out  l)y  General  Man- 
.^er  France,  of  the  National  Asso- 
hition.  and  which  is  intended  for  u.se 
»n  tin  cans.     While  the  effort  is  com- 

'-'  mendible     upon     the      part     of     Mr. 

'  ^'rance,  the  product  of  his  efforts  in 
his  line  are  obviously  a  flat  failure. 
Mr.  France  has  utterly  failed  to 
;atch  the  spirit  of  the  times,  in  this 
ine.  which  i«  soaring  to  the  zenith  of 
irt's  enchanting  realm.  The  modern 
abel  is  "a  thing  of  beauty,"  and  dis- 
jlays  the  handiwork  of  the  world's 
Host  skillful  artists.  Tlieir  little 
,"olor  schemes  are  perfect  gems  of 
larmony,  displayed  in  design  that 
•annot  offend  the  most  cultured  eye. 
Such  labels  attract  and  please- -they 
jxcite  admiration  and  induce  pvirchas- 
.'s.  They  are  inviting;  and  wield  an 
influence  over  the  public  that  results 
in  substantial  gain  to  the  manufact- 
urer, packer  or  bottler  whose  good 
taste  and  business  foresight  they 
portray. 

:Mr.  France's  new  label  is  identical 
in  appearance  to  that  seen  forty  years 
ago  in  almost  old  alley  or  garbage 
dump  where  the  proverbial  Billy  Goat 

"  was  wont  to  luxuriate  upon  tomato 
can.s  and  other  such  delicacies  tlius 
decorated. 

We  tTOst  that  ^Nlr.  France  may 
take  a  lesson  from  the  wares  of  the 
National  Biscuit  Company,  the  Anco 
people,  and  such  progre-ssive  houses. 
Such  a  line  of  labels  would  doubtless 
meet  with  popular  favor,  and  prove 
a  successful  business  enterprise  for 
the    manufacturer. 


235 


From  the  viewpoint  of  Tlie  Bee- 
Keeper,  the  most  beautiful  picture 
that  has  ever  graced  the  pages  of  an 
American  beo  journal,  is  that  jtresent- 
ed  as  a  frontispiece  to  the  October 
numlier  of  The  Bee-Keepers'  Review. 
The  subject  i^s  simply  a  lot  of 
"quartered"  sections  of  comb  honey. 
as  displayed  by  the  Canadians  at  their 
great  Industrial  exibition  at  Toronto 
each  year.  The  transparency  of 
shadows  and  true  color  valuas  are 
r.Midoi-o.i  to  a  degree  of  perfection 
seldom  fountl  outside  of  journals 
of  the  highest  class.  We  congratulate 
The  Review. 


Take  the  time  to  look  about  your 
ainary  and  workshop  and  gather  up 
all  bits  of  comb  and  wax,  go  over  all 
your  stored  combs  and.  cut  out  the 
poor  ones  or  poor  spots,  drone  comb, 
etc.  If  the  lower  part  of  the  comb 
in  a  frame  is  so  old  and  leathery  as 
to  be  unused  by  the  bees— the  lower 
inch  or  two  is  often  thus— cut  about 
three  inche.s  off  the  lower  part  of  the 
comb.  All  the  scraps  thus  gathered 
contain  good  wax  which  when  re- 
fined you  can  sell  for  a  good  price. 
The  work  will  pay  well  for  the  time 
it  takes. 


The  Bee-Keepers'  Review  rings  a 
bullseye  when  it  says:  "As  a  rule 
Italian  bees  are  gentle  enough  for 
anybody.  If  the  Caucasians  possess 
some  qualities  that  are  really  superior 
to  those  of  the  Italians,  it  will  be  well 
to  consider  them,  but,  on  the  score  of 
gentleness,  we  need  nothing  better 
than  the  Italians." 


Cuba,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  29,  1905. 

Editor  Bee-Keeper: 

Under  the  heading,  "Bee  Culture 
Investigations,  Etc.,"  in  the  Year 
Book  just  issued  by  the  Department 
of  Agriculture,  page  86,  we  find:  "The 
frequent  statements  that  comb  honey 
can  be  artificially  manufactured,  have 
been  found  to  be  absolutely  false,  and 
the  purchaser  who  gets  his  honey  in 
the  comb  may  rest  assured  that  he 
is  getting  an  article  manipulated  at 
least  by  tlie  bees." 

Permit  me  to  ask  if  this  can  be  any 
"thuser?" 

This  is,  I  think,  a  fair  and  true 
statement  of  the  situation. 

Would  it  not  be  prudent  to  call  the 
attention  of  eveiTone  to  page  86  of 
the  Year  Book  for  1904? 

Fred   G.    Hill. 


Don't  forget  the  National  Conven- 
tion at  Chicago,  December  5,  6  and  7. 
Neither  should  yon  forget  yonr  over- 
coat, mittens  and  an  extra  pair  or 
two  of  "sox." 


L'Apicoltore  gives  a  receipt  for 
honey  shoe  blacking.  It  should  be 
good  for  bald-headed  men— draw  the 
flies  to  their  shoes. 


236 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  November, 

,v  ^^^^J  n"  Alfalfa.  as  it  throws,  out  new  blossoms,  which 

(From  AA  alia ces  Farmer.)  happen  mostly  six  times  in  the  year 

Governor  Hoard,  of  HoardVs  Dairy-  and    four    at    the    veiw    least       Ou-ei 

man.  has  of  late  been  brushing  up  his  should    be   taken    to   prevent    it    from 

Latin   and  came  across  ,some  in.struc-  running-  to  seed.   a,s   it  is  much   more 

tions    given    by    Fliny.    written    about  ^•aluable    a-s    fodder     up    to    the    third 

XlT'^A  '"'  ""'  ?"'"^'^  ?^'"^'^    '■'''''■■     "  ^^-"'^^  ^-  i-"!^  in  the  sp  S 
ti.pv    ;    ''^'''^.'.^"'    '■*^'''^^'"''    ^^^^^^'-   «"rt   cleared   of  all  other  plants     and 

ther^inler;     n         """   ''^''    ^""    *°''  *"   ''''  '''''''  ^'^^^^  the  .surface   should 

lathei   inteiesting.  be   well     worked     with     the    weeding 

Lucerne  is  by  nature  an  exotic   to  hook.      By    adopting   this    method   the 

Greece  eA-en,  It  having  been  first  intro-  weeds    will    be    effectuallv    deXyed 

M     ;*;;/;;,?  that  coimti-y   nx^m   Media,  though   without  detriment  to     he  lS 

..t  the  tune  of  the  Persian  wars  with  cerne,    in    consequence    of    the    depth 

King    Darius:    still   it  deserves    to   be  of  its  roots 
mentioned    among    the    veiy    first    of        "if  the  weeds  should  happen  to  get 

Sties     tb?t'"'-     ^^^  f"^'"""-"  "^'"  ^'^  '^'^^'-^^^  ^^'  '*•  '''^  ^'"1^'  remedy^i,s  to  ti^n 

qualities,    tbat    a    single    sowing    will  it  up  repeatedlv   with  the  plow  until 

last  more  than  thirty  years.  the  roots  of  the  weed-s  are  {horoughiy 

"It  resembles,  trefoil  in  appearance,  destroyed  uioiougmy 

In"fl/^''^ff  "f  """'^  ^T^'  '''"^  '''■^^'■"-        "^^^^^^^  f«^^^l^^'  «liould  never  be  given 

^  n      t,  ^  ^■'''   -^  .f ^''■'    ^"    *^^  t'^  ^'^t"^  t^  ^'-^tiety.  otherwise  it  may 

s  a  k.   the  narrower  is  the  leaf.     Am-  be  neces.sary  to  let  blood;    it  is   best 

Philochus    devo  ed    a    whole    book    to  too.    when    used   while   gi4en       When 

this  subject  and  the  Cyt  sus.  diT    it    becomes    tough    and    ligneous 

1  he    ground    m    which    it   is   sown  and  falls  away  at  least  into  thhi    u-se 

being    first    cleaned    and    cleared    of  less  dust" 

fAT"'  J-%*"/'"'^'\  "1'   i"    ^''^   *''"^"""'  It  will  be  noticed  in  the  above  that 

t  i    thPnt.'.   ''  "'?"'"''  '^"^\l>arrowed.  even  our  most  advanced  alfalfa  grow: 

It  is  then  hariwed  a  second  and  third  ens    at    the   experiment    stations    have 

tune    at  interva  s  of   five  days;    after  not  made  very  much  impmvemen     on 

which   manure   is   laid   upon  it.     Tbis  the  old   method.     Those  who  at  emp^ 

full    of     nutriment,     or    else     a     well  to  substitute  the  disk  for  the  hoe  and 

watered   one.      After   the   ground   has  the    mower     for     the     weeding    hook 

been   thus   preijarecl,    the    seed   is   put  There  i-s  after  all  not  veiy  much    at 

in   in  the  month  of  May.  for  if  vsown  most,  new  under  the  sun 

earlier,  it  is  in  danger  from  the  frt>sts  ' 

It  is  necessary  to  sow  the  seeds  veiy  Best  Kind  of  Hive  Tools. 

thick,   so  that  all  the  ground  mav  be         v    u  r      .    i,     , 
occupied,  and  no  room  left  for  weeds  "■'  ''°""''  ^"jo'u",faK  '"  ''^"^''^"  ^^^ 

to  shoot  up  in  the  intervals-  a    rp«nif        tt      n 

which  mav  be  secured  Iw  sowing  •  ^'^i'^^'-^'  «  ^^'^^k  pa.sses  without  hay- 
twenty  modii  m;arh  fortv  ESish  "!-  ^T^i  r^^i^^''^^^^^^  ^^^^'-^  '"^^  to  "best 
gallonis.  to  the  itigerum  ^f  02  a^res  u7l     ^^^'      ^""^^i-ated    and    described 

"The  seed   must  bP  ^tivr-prat         ^^  '"   °"^   °^  ^^^'^  ot   our  bee  journals. 

With  a   iS     rprevent  the  \ui    fi-Z  tT'"    '''"^T''    ''''    ^'^^    ^"    '''^'^'^'^^ 

scorching  it.  nu^  nZ.mi:Z::Z  ^/^    ^n  "Sidlf  ^o^^%^'^ 

over    With    earth    as    speedily    as    pos-  .^^^^^1.^^'   V'Vlr^ 

"If   the  soil    i«    nnfiivoiT^    1  ^^^^^'    *^"    "'    the    season,    when    my 

weeclv  the  Lee  ne  w  T  beTve"  "^'"/'""^'V/"'  ^'^  "^^"''^''^^•^^  ^"^-"^-^  '^^ 
powered,  and  tl  e  spot  degene^ateTtn    T      "'T^''^''  something  stronger  may 

an  or,linary  pasturrit  fs  nSessarv  if  "'T/''^'  T^  '"  •'""'*  "''^'^^  ^  1^"«^ 
therefore,    lirectlv  the  cron  is^^Tno^,'  ^^'" "^    ''''*^'''    *^'^t    the    oid-time 

in    heigh  .    to     lisei4gc>     t    f;oni    .       ^^-^^^'fl'-'vei-.        A      correspondent      in 

,:l;i:ii'z  i^  ^^s^t^  i? -  ™"''- -■"-  ^"  ^a 

,  a  iu  luis  is  repeated  as  often    is  "powerful  enough  to  tear  the  coA-er 


1005. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


237 


ri  :; 


off  a  hive  or  tlie  roof  off  a  house,  if 
yon  have  leverage  enough."  He  also 
ndds  that  it  worlvs  well  with  propoliz- 
ed  frames.  Presume  he  means  Hoff- 
,iiian  frames,  of  the  kind  Editor  Hutch- 
nson  i-s  railins:  at. 

Be  Careful  of  Quality  of  Winter 
Stores. — In  view  of  ai)i)roaching-  win- 
ter, and  the  necessity  of  having  good 
winter  storas  in  the  hives,  Ave  feel, 
with  the  "American  Bee-Keeper"  to 
caution  our  readers  Avho  live  in  cities, 
towns  and  villages  against  permitting 
their  bee-s  storing  the  .iuice  of  electric 
currents." 

Apiaries  and  Babies. — That  exten- 
sive Californian  apiarist,  J.  F.  Mcln- 
tyre,  in  an  article  in  June  "Review," 
.says:  "It  is  my  opinion  that  a  man 
cannot  mn  out-apiaries  and  be  as 
hajijiy  as  he  was  when  one  apiary, 
one  wife  and  two  or  three  babies  were 
all  he  had."  The  "American  Bee-Keep- 
er" wonders  if  we  are  to  infer  from 
thi-s  that  he  adds  a  wife  and  set  of 
ba1»ies  Avith  each  apiary.  While  not 
in  a  position  to  answer  the  question 
positively,  I  would  presume  that  such 
was  not  the  ease,  a,s,  aside  from  Mr. 
;McInt:^'re  being  a  former  Canuck,  to 
the  best  of  my  knowledge  such  com- 
binations and  privileges  are  only 
customai-y  in  the  vicinitv  of  Salt  Lake 
City. 


Foul  Blood  Preventives. 

From  The  Irish  Bee  Journal. 

In  reply  to  our  friend  Spyglass 
(page  50)  the  one  preventivef?)  that  I 
really  object  to  is  naphthaline.  I  con- 
sider that  it  must  ha^-e  as  bad  an 
etfer-r  on  the  constitution  of  the  bees 
as  it  would  have  on  us  if  we  were  con- 
tinually kept  in  an  atmosphere  un- 
natvn-ally  impregnated  with  same.  I 
do  most  strongly  believe  in  natural 
conditions  for  man  and  all  created 
things.  Nature  has  provided  the  right 
conditions  for  us.  and  it  is  folly  to 
think  we  are  wiser  than  -she.  When 
men  or  othei-  animals  become  diseased, 
it  is  most  certainly  due  tO'  some  ti'ansu 
gression  of  natural  law,  consciously 
oi-  unconsciously,  either  by  them  or 
tlieir  *  ancestors.  Nature  before  all 
things  takes  elaborate  precaution-s  to 
preserve  and  perpetuate  life.  Man 
by  giving  right  conditions  can  sO'  assist 
the  operation  of  beneficial  natural 
laws    that    he    actually    seems^  to   im- 


pr(ne  nature.  He  can  and  docs  breed 
])lants  and  animals  practicall.v  im- 
mune to  disease  by  selecting  continu- 
ally from  those  po-ssessing  the  greatest 
measure  of  natural  immunitj';  along 
these  lines  lies  our  greatest  source 
of  ho])e  in  dealing  with  bees.  It  is 
certain  that  if  natural  immunity  had 
not  existed  in  some  indivi<luals  the 
AA'hole  human  race  would  ere  now  be 
extinct  from  consumi)tion  and  similar 
diseases,  and  so  avouUI  the  Iiee-s.  I 
do  not  decry  artificial  preventatives. 
Naphthol  Beta  used  temporarily  may 
do  good.  I  use  Izal  in  medicating 
the  food  in  spring  and  annually  allow 
the  bees  to  transfer  themselves  from 
the  old  to  new  combs.  Bees  bred  in 
new  clean  combs  have  a  better  chance 
of  health  than  those  bred  in  old  and 
dirty  ones,  and  the  expense  of  their 
annual  renewal  i-s  trifling.  I  have 
escaped  foul  brood  after  four  years 
in  close  proximity  to  infected  stocks 
(about  100  yards  distant).  Naturally 
I  put  faith  in  my  theories  and  in  my 
system.  I  use  naphthaline  in  veiT 
large  (luantities  among  my  empty 
store  combs,  and  find  it  keeps  away 
moths  most  effectually.  I  get  good 
honey  crops  in  the  AA'or-st  years,  when 
in  many  cases,  my  neighbors  get  vei*y 
little.  If  all  bee-keepersi  will  be  as 
vigilant  as  I  am  and  prove  to  their 
neighbors  that  hard  work  pays,  they 
may  do  a  good  deal  tO'  induce  them 
to  take  equal  pains.  It  is  absolute 
folly  for  anyone  tO'  take  up  beekeeping 
with  the  idea  that  it  is  an  ea-sy  way 
of  making  money.  It  is  not  easy, 
there  are  no  gains  without  pains.  Let 
that  fact  be  hammered  home  by  all 
bee  lecturers,  and  we  shall  not  have 
so  many  unsuitable  persons  mshing 
into  the  business  to  their  own  loss 
and  to  the  general  injury  of  the  craft. 
Why  should  we  be  so  foolish  as  to 
enlist  persons  indiscriminately.  It 
is  utter  folly  to  do  so.  Foul  Virood 
will  never  cease  while  this  class  is 
drawn  upon.  They  must  be  discourag- 
ed. There  are  plent^^  of  good  men 
besides. — Yours  faithfully,  W.  J. 
Farmer,   ConiAvall,  August  2nd. 


The  apicultural  "chestnut"  crop  is 
increasing.  Wake  up  brethren  and 
saA"  something  original. 


Self  deceit  is  the  mO'St  disastrous. 


"Do  you  keep  a  bee?"  This  "chest- 
uut"  Avas  sprung  on  a  bee-man  at  a 
recent  agricultural  show  and  he  and 
Bro.  Putnam  took  it  seriously,  Bro. 
Putnam  enlarging  upon  it  at  some 
length  as  eA'idence  of  the  ignorance 
of  nonbee-keepers.  We  thought  the 
editor  of  the  Rural  had  a  "saving 
sense  of  humor"  and  did  not  have  to 
request  his  contributors  to  label  their 
jokes  as  some  of  oui?  contemporaries 
do. 

In  the   "B"   Class. 

:\I:iry  had  a  -s^-arm  of  bees 
And  they  to  save  their  lives, 

Must  go  wherever  Mary  went 
'Cause    Mary   had   the   hives. 

—Saturday  Evening  Post. 


Chicago  Aug.  4. — Fancy  white,  14;  No. 
white,  13@13%;  fancy  amber,  11@12;  N 
1  amber,  9@10;  fancy  dark,  10;  No.  1  darl 
9;  white  extracted.  6@7;  amber  5@6;  darl 
5@5%;  beeswax,  28.  The  new  crop  is  ai 
pearing  and  selling  in  a  fair  way  considei 
ing    that    it    is   midsummer. 

R.     A.     Burnett    &    Co 


Brilliants. 

In  spite  of  the  stare  of  the  wise  and 

the  world's  derision, 
Dare  follow  the  star-blazed  road,  dare 

follow    the    vision. 

— Edward    Markham. 


Don't  worry  about  a  "slim"  conven- 
tion at  Chicago.  It  will  be  a  "packed 
caucus''  if  the  "ringers"  have  their 
way. 


HONEY  AND  BEESWAX  RIARKET. 


Buffalo,  Sept.  5. — We  quote  fancy  white 
new  comb  honey  at  14-15c;  No.  2,  ll-12c;  No. 
3,  8-lOc.  Old  stock  very  dull  and  slow 
sale  at  low  prices.  Demand  for  new  crop 
improving.  Batterson  &  Co. 


Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Sept.  7.— The  market 
on  white  comb  honey,  fancy,  is  very  strong 
at  present,  the  demand  exceeding  the  sup- 
ply; 24  section  cases  selling  at  $3.00.  Extract- 
ed, fancy  white,  selling  at  6 1/20  and  Amber 
and  other  grades  at  5c  up.  Beeswax  28c  per 
pound.  We  look  for  the  market  to  con- 
tinue firm.  C.  C.  demons  &  Co. 


Cmcinnati,  Oct.  6. — We  are  selling  North- 
ern comb  honey  at  from  14-16c  per  lb  by 
the  case.  The  demand  for  Extracted  honey 
IS  about  equal  to  the  demand,  which  is  good 
We  continue  to  sell  amber  in  barrels  at 
5  1-4-6C.  White  Clover,  61/2-71/20.  We 
pay  30c  per  lb.  for  beeswax  delivered  here. 
The    Fred    W.    Muth    Company. 

51    Walnut    St. 


Denver,  Oct.  2.— We  quote  our  market  to- 
day as  follows:  No.  1  White  Comb,  per  case 
of  24  sections.  $3.00;  Light  Amber  and  No. 
2,  per  case,  $2.75;  Extracted  honey,  6%-7y2c; 
Beeswax,    24c   for   clean    yellow. 

Colorado  Honey  Producers'  Association. 

1440    Market   St. 


Chicago,  Oct.  5. — The  demand  for  com 
honey  is  about  as  usual  for  the  season  ( 
year.  Oeffrings  from  the  surounding  stat< 
are  fully  equal  to  past  season,  but  that  froi 
Colorado  and  the  middle  western  states  ai 
not.  No.  1  to  Fancy  White  comb  hone 
sells  at  13  @  14c,  with  an  occasional  sale  s 
15c;  off  grades  embracing  crooked  comb 
etc.,  sell  at  ll@12c;  Amber  grades  difflca 
to  place  at  9@10c;  Extracted  White,  6@7i 
according  to  kind,  body,  flavor  and  packagt 
Ambers,  5%@6i^c;  Beeswax  selling  upo 
arrival  at  30c  if  clean;  off  grades  about  2 
per   lb.    less. 

R.    A.    Burnett   &   Co. 

199   Water   St. 


Boston,  Oct.  5. — Owing-  to  the  warr 
weather  prevailing,  the  demand  for  hone 
has  not  come  up  toprevious  years.  Thi! 
together  with  the  very  large  quantity  be 
ing  carried  over  from  last  year,  both  b 
jobbers  and  retailers,  tends  to  keep  th 
price  and   demand   down. 

Fancy  white  comb,  15c;  No.  1,  14c;  Nc 
2,     12c;    Extracted    honey,    from    5% -7c. 

Blake,    Scott   &    Lee    Co. 


THE     BEGINNER 

In  bee-keeping  can  find  just  the 
information  he  needs  in  the  Begin- 
ners' Department  of  the  Rural  Bee- 
Keeper. 

The  Amateur  can  find  instruction  in 
our  question  department  and  $  $  $ 
in   our  market   reports. 

The  Foreign  born  bee-keeper  will 
get  news  from  home  in  our  Beedom 
Abroad. 

The  Professional  can  interchange 
ideas  with  the  best  bee-keepers  in 
the  world  through  the  columns  of 
the  Rural  Bee-Keeper. 

Subscribe  now.  $1  a  year  (month- 
ly.) 

Bee  Hives  and   Supplies,  all   kinds. 

Catalogue  free. 

REPRESENTED  BT: 

J.    J.    Wilder,    Cordele,    Ga. 

S.   S.  Huth  &  Son,   San  Antonio,  Tex. 

Morgan  Bros.,  Vermillion,  S.  Dakota. 


W.  H.  Putnam 

RIVER    FALLS,    WISCONSIN 


HERE'S  YOUR  CHANCE! 


"^ 


tm 


A  PLi\N  P.Y  WHICH  MAGAZINE  LO\'ERS  AIAY  SECUK1-: 

THE    COSMOPOLITAN 

AT  REGULAR  RATE  AND 

THE   AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER,  Free 

FOR  ONE  YEAR 

Read  everi'  word  of  this  announcement, 
for  it  is  the  opportunity  of  years.  This 
year  several  magazines  have  increased 
their  subscription  price,  which  shows 
how  much  greater  this  offer  really  is. 
Only  a  limited  number  will  be  sold  at  this 
price,  therefore  we  advise  everyone  to  ac- 
cept this  without  delay.  When  we  have 
received  a  certain  number,  we  shall  with- 
draw the  offer. 

Cosmopolitan 

having  now  passed  to  the  ownership  of 
the  most  successful  publishing  house  in 
existence,  the  tiearst  organization,  will 
shortly  become  the  most  widely  read  mag- 
azine in  America.     Over 

500,000   Copies    a    Month 

will  shortly  be  required  to  fill  the  demand, 
while  within  the  year  it  will  outrank  every 
other  magazine  in  this  country.  "The 
best,  no  matter  what  it  costs,"  is  the  motto 
of  its  editors,  therefore  it  will  be  in  Cos- 
mopolitan that  vou  will  find  the  writers  of 
world-wide  reputation;  the  matters  on 
which  they  write  will  be  questions  on  pub- 
lic tongue:  its  fiction  will  be  masterpieces 
of  pen-craft;  its  whole  contents  will  set 
the  standard  for  magazine  perfection.  We 
cannot  tell  today  who  will  be  its  contrib- 
utors, for  tomorrow's  sun  may  shine  upon 
a  new-born  Conan  Doyle,  or  the  author  of 
another  "David  Ilaruni,"  and  should  such 
be,  you  will  find  it  in  Cosmopolitan. 

Our   Extraordinary  Offer 

TO  EITHER  NEW  OR  OLD  SUBSCRIBERS. 

As  noted  above,  we  have  secured  a  limited  number  of  subscriptions  to  Cosmopolitan  which 
we  offer  as  a  premium  with  American  Bee-Keeper,  for  one  year  as  follows: 

American  Bee-Keeper,  one   year,     =     =     $    .50    \ 
Cosmopolitan,  one  year.      =      =      =      =         I.OO    ( 

Fill  oul  this  coupon— cut  il  oil— mail  it  TODAY— and  secure  the  greatest  bargain  thai  will  ever  be  ollercd  to  the 
reading  public.     Do  il  today,  sure. 


Both  for  only  =  =  $1.00 


CUT  THIS  COUPON  OFF,  AND  SEND  TODAY. 

AMERICAN  BEE-KFEFtR:  Date 

I  accept  your  offer  of  American  Bee-Keeper  and  Cosmopolitan,  both  for  one  year 
for  only  $1.UU. 


Name 

Town.. 


S'treet . 
State  .. 


ONE-HALF  INCH  SPACE  ONE  YEAR  ON  THIS  PAGE,  $3.00. 


W.     J.     DAVIS,     1st,     YOUNGSVILLE,     PA., 

breeder  of  choice  Italian  Bees  and  Queens 
Quality,    not   quantity,    is  my   motto. 


DEWEY'S  HARDY  HONEY  GATHERERS.— 

Reared  under  swarming  impulse  through- 
out the  year.  Large,  strong,  healthy.  Send 
for  card,  'Can  I  Control  Swarming.'  Original. 
Untested,  75c..  6  for  ?5.00;  tested,  $1.50,  6 
for  $5.00.  Choice,  $2.50.  High  grade  breeders, 
$2.00  to  $10.  E.  H.  DEWEY,  Gt.  Barrington, 
Mass. 


QUEENS  HERE. — We  are  still  asking  you 
to  give  us  your  trade.  We  sell  Italians, 
Goldens  and  Carniolans  at  7  5c  for  untested 
and  $1.00  for  tested.  Prices  on  quantities 
and  nuclei  upon  application.  JOHN  W. 
PHARR,  Berclair,  Texas.  Jan  6 


SWARTHMORE  APIARIES,  SWARTH- 
MOORE,  PA. — Our  bees  and  queens  are  the 
brightest  Italians  procurable.  Satisfaction 
brightest  Italians  known.  Satisfaction  guar- 
anteed. A  e  are  breeding  the  Caucasians 
ab^olutelv    pure   from   direct   imported   stock. 


W.  W.  CARY  &  SON,  LYONSVILLE,  MASS. 

— Breeders  of  choice  Italian  bees  and 
queens.  Imported  Leather  and  Root's  Red 
Clover  strains.   Catalogue  and  price  list  free. 


MOORE'S      LONG-TONGUED      STRAIN      of 

Italians  become  more  and  more  popular 
each  year.  Those  who  have  Rested  them  know 
why.  Descriptive  circular  free  to  all.  Write 
J.  P.  MOORE,  L.  Box  1,  3Iorgan,  Ky. 


HONEY  QUEENS  AND  BEES  FOR  SALE.— 

I   extracted   300   pounds  per  colony   in   1903. 
THOS.  WORTHINGTON,  Leota,  Miss.      Aug5 


PUNIC  BEES. — All   other  races  are   discard- 
ed,    after    trial    of    these    wonderful    bees. 
Particulars  post  free.  JOHN  HEWITT  &  CO., 
Sheffield,  England.  Jan6 


THE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO.,  Medina,   O.— Breeders 
of  Italian   bees  and  queens. 


THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Walnut  St 
Cincinnati,  O.  Standard  Bred  Red  Clove 
Three-banded  Queens,  Golden  Italians  an 
Carniolans.  Safe  arrival  guaranteed.  Sen 
for  circular. 


QUELNS  from  Ja:naica  any  day  in  the  yeai 
Untested,  66c.;  tested,  $1.00;  select  tested 
$1.50.  Our  queens  are  reared  from  the  ver 
finest  strains.  GEO.  W.  PHILLIPS,  Sav-Lai 
Mar  P.   O.,  Jamaica,  W.  I.  5- 


D.  J.  BLOCKER,  Pearl  City,  II.. — Breeder  o 

Fine   Italian   Bees  and  Queens.      Our  stoc! 

speaks   for   itself.      Safe   arrival   of   all   stocl 

guaranteed.     Free  information.  Jan 


LAWRENCE    C.    MILLER   has    sold    out    hi 

"Providence  Queen"  business  to  Cull  &  Wil 
liams.  Providence,  R.  I.  See  large  ad  else 
where. 


C.  H.  W.  WEBER,  Cincinnati,  O.— (Cor.  Cen^ 
tral    and    Freeman    Aves.) — Golden    Yellow 
Red  Clover  and  Carniolan  queens,   bred  fron 
select    mothers    in    separate    apiaries. 


JOHN    M.    DAVIS,    Spring    HiU,    Tenn.— Has 

greatly  enlarged  and  improved  his  queen- 
rearing  facilities.  Two  unrelated  Carniolans 
and  a  dark  leather  Italian  lately  imported. 
My  own  strains  of  three-band  and  golden: 
"Moore's"  long-tongue;  Doolittle's  golden;  all 
selects.  Carniolans  mated  to  Italian  drones 
when  desired.     No  disease.     Circular  free. 


QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER,     has     an 

exceptionally  hardy  strain  of  Italian  bees; 
they  wintered  on  their  summer  stands  within 
a  few  miles  of  bleak  Lake  Erie  .  Send  for 
free  circular.     Bellevue,   Ohio.  5-B 


HOOPER  BROS.'  Italian  Queens  reared  in 
the  West  Indies  are  the  most  isrolific  and 
give  the  best  results  available  any  time  of 
the  year.  Write  at  once  for  information  to 
Kingston,  Jamaica,  B.  W.  I.,  Box  IG'Z. 
Nov.    6. 


^^Under  this  heading  will  be  inserted,  for  reliable  dealers,  two  lines  one 
year  for  $1.25.  Additional  words,  12c  a  word.  No  announcement  can 
be  accepted  for  less  than  one  year  at  these  rates._^ 


OHIO. 


H.  W.  WEBER,  Freeman  and  Central 
Aves.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  If  for  sale,  mail 
sample,  and  state  price  expected,  delivered 
in  Cincinnati.  If  in  want,  write  for  prices, 
and    state    quality    and    quantity    desired. 

5-5 


VE  are  always  in  the  market  for  extracted 
honey,  as  we  sell  unlimited  quantities.  Send 
us  a  sample  and  your  best  price  delivered 
here.  The  Fred  W.  Muth  Co.,  51  Walnut 
St.,   Cinoiimati,   O.  5-5 


COLORADO. 


THE  COLORADO  HONEY  PRODUCERS' 
A.SSOCIATION,  14  10  Market  St.,  Denver, 
Colo.  5 


ILLINOIS. 


R.    A.    BURNETT   &   CO.,    199    South   Water 
Street,    Chicago.  5-5 


Cent-a=Word  Column. 


AGENTS  WANTED. — To  sell  advertising 
novelties,  good  commission  allowed.  Send 
for  catalogue  and  terms.  American  Manu- 
facturing  Concern,    Falconer,   N.    T. 


CHE  BUSY  MAN'S  3IETHOD  OF  REARING 
GOOD  QUEENS. — This  leaflet  describes 
the  method  used  in  rearing  the  Hardy 
Honey  Gatherers  (read  elsewhere),  and  if 
carefully  followed  will  produce  queens  of 
great  merit.  No  loss  of  brood,  no  cell-cups, 
and  but  litttle  time  required.  Large  queens 
under  swarming  impulse.  Nothing  artificial 
about  it.  Every  queen-breeder  needs  it. 
Price  25  cents.  E.  H.  DEWEY,  Gt.  Barring- 
ton,  3Ias8. 


[TALIAN      and      CARNIOLAN      QUEENS.— 

The  Bankston  Baby  Nucleus  and  the 
Bankston  nursery  cage.  Untested  queens 
50  cents  each;  tested,  75c.  Baby  nucleus, 
nailed  ready  for  use,  3  5  cents.  Nursery 
cage,  35  cents  by  mail  with  printed  in- 
structions. C.  B.  BANKSTON,  MUano,  IVH- 
lam  County,  Texas.  Sep5 


INCREASE  is  a  handsome  little  book  telling 
how  to  form  new  colonies  without  break- 
ing working  stocks.  A  simple,  sure  satis- 
factory plan.  2  5c.  Baby  Nuclei  tells  how 
to  mate  many  queens  from  sections  with  a 
mere  handful  of  bees.  42  pages,  20  pic- 
tures, 50c.  Cell  Getting  tells  how  to  save 
labor  in  rearing  queens,  5  0c.  Queen  rear- 
ing outfits.  Golden  all-over  and  Caucasian 
Queens.  Circulars  free.  E.  L.  PRATT, 
Swarthmore,  Pa. 


Please  mention 


The  American  Bee»Keeper 


When  writing  to  advertisers. 


BEWARE 

WHERE   YOU    BUY  YOUR 

BEEWARE 


J 


J^ 


WISI 


MAKES  THE    FINEST 


G.  B.  LEWIS  COMPANY, 
BEE-KEEPERS^  SUPPLIES 

Watertown,  Wis. 

Eastern  Agents:  Fred  W.  Muth  Co.,  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio,  51  Walnut  Street;  C.  M.  Scott 
&  Co.,  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  1004  E.  Washing- 
ton St.,  Norris  &  Anspach,  Kenton,  Ohio, 
Cleaver   &   Greene,    Troy,   Penn. 


Learn  Telegraphy  and  R.  R.  Accounting 

$50  to  $100  per  month  salary  assured  our 
graduates  under  bond.  Tou  don't  pay 
us  until  you  have  a  position.  Largest 
system  of  telegraph  schools  in  America. 
Endorsed  by  all  railway  officials.  Ope- 
rators always  In  demand.  Ladies  also 
admitted.      Write   for   Catalogue. 

MORSE  SCHOOL  OF  TELEGRAPHY 

Cincinnati,  O.,      Bulfalo,  N.  Y.,      Atlanta,  Ga. 

Texarkana,   Tex.,       San  Francisco,   Cal. 
Nov.    5.  LaCrosse,    Wis. 


Our  Special   Premium  Offer. 

,   J^'^  ^^"^'^  ^^^^  successful  in  closing  a  contract  with  the  Selden  Pen  Mfs    Co 
of   New   York,    whereby   for   a    limited     time     we     can     supply     a     guaranteed 

$  2.00     Gold     Fountain    Pen. 

"THE  CElTRIC  model  i" 

and  the  American  Bee-Keeper  one  year  for  only  90  cents,  to  every  subscriber, 
OLD  or  NEW.  The  pen  will  be  forwarded  immediately  upon  receipt  of  the 
money.  It  is  made  of  the  best  quality  of  hard  rubber  in  four-parts,  and  fitted 
with  a  guaranteed  irridium  pointed  14-k  "GOLD  PEN.  The  "fountain"  is 
throughout  of  the  simplest  construction  and  can  not  get  out  of  order  overflow 
or  fail   to  supply  ink  to  the  nib. 


«( 


A  Fountain  Pen  is  a  Necessity 
of  The  Twentieth  Century." 

It   dispenses  with   the  inconvenient   inkstand    and    is    always    ready    for    use. 

*THE    CELTRIC    MODEL    V      ^^^''^  the  manufacturer's  guarantee  that 

the  pen   is  solid  GOLD,   14-k   fine.      If 
does  not  prove  satisfactory  in  every   way  we  will   exchange  it  for  another    or  re- 
turn the  fifty  cents  additional  upon   return    of    the    pen. 

This  is  an  unusual  opportunity  to  secure,  at  a  very  low  price,  an  article 
of  superior  quality  that  is  coming  to  be  essential  to  the  comfort  and  convenience 
of   every   one   who    writes.      REME3IBEK  that  the  offer  is  for  a  short  time  only. 

THE  AMERICAN   BEE-KEEPER,    Falconer,    N.    Y. 


Special  Notice 
I  to  Bee-keepers,  j 

^boston! 

V  Money  in  Bees  lor  You  ) 

}  Cataog  Price  on  ) 

I      Root's    Supplies      \ 

(  Catalog  for  the  Asking  \ 

i  F.  H.  FARMER,  182  FRIEND  STREET,  ) 
i  BOSTON,  MASS.  ) 

^  '^Up   First    Flight:=^    > 

AGENTS  I2^LE^2=£Le1m 

.Medallions  "Peuro  or  Pearl"  New  Me- 
dallious,  Quick  sellers.  Big  money. 
Write  at  once.  Special  teiTitory 
given.  Largest  Medallion  Co.  in  the 
World.  Agents'  supplies.  Novelties 
up-to-date.     Write  now. 

Universal  Manufacturing  Co., 

Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Read  This  and  Do  It  QuicK 


All   One 
Year  $1.40. 

Without 

Gleanings 

80  Cents. 


The    Modern   Farmer, 

Green's    Fruit    Grower, 

Agricultural    Epitomist, 

The    Mayflower    and 

Ten  Beautiful  Flowering  Bulbs, 

Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture, 

American    Bee-Keeper. 


Without  Gleanings  and  American  Bee-Keeper 
50c.     Good  only  a  sbort  time.     .-Vddress 

Modern  Farmer,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

Box  15.  The  clean  farm  paper. 


Every  person  who  keeps  pigeons,  Belgias^ 
hares,  cavies,  dogs,  cats  or  a  pet  of  anyu 
kind  to  send  for  a  free  sample  of  the 

PET  STOCK  PAPER 

Address     Box     20.     -     -     -     -     -     York,     Pa. 


Fifty  Cent 
Beeswax 

The  right  quaHty  will  easily 
bring  this  price.  For  full 
particulars  write  to  us. 

Cull  &  Williams 

Providence,  R.  I. 


Falconer's  Fine  Bee  Goods 
Providence  Queens 


Three    Months  for    Only  ?0    Cents. 
To   a    A  ezv    Subscriber. 

THE 

AMERICAN  BEE  JOURNAL 

Established  in  1861 

It  is  the  only  weekly  bee  paper  in  America. 
Those  who  write  for  it  are  among  the  most 
extensive  and  successful  bee-keepers  in  the 
world.  Many  of  them  produce  honey  by  the 
ton,  and  make  money  at  the  business,  hence 
their  experience  is  valuable. 

Among  the  Departments  Represented  in  the 
Bee  Journal  Are  These: 

Editorial  Notes  and  Comments;  Mis- 
cellaneous News  Items;  Contributed 
Special  Articles:  Opinions  of  Some  Ex- 
perts; Proceedings  of  Conventions;  Our 
Bee-Keeping  Sisters;  Mr.  Ila.sty's  After- 
thoughts; Dr.  Miller's  Answers  to 
Questions;  Honey  and  Beeswax  Mar- 
ket Quotations. 

Every  bee-keeper,  whether  having  one 
colony  or  100,  should  read  the  old  American 
Bee  Journal  every  week. 

Only  SI. 00  a  year;  or  20  cents  for  a  trial  trip 
of  three  months,  (13  copies),  to  a  new  sub- 
scriber.   Sample  copy  free.    Ask  for  it. 

George  W.  YorR  %  Co. 


334  Dearborn  Street 


Chicago  Illinois 


Big  Song  Book 


"Polly,  I  Love  But  You,"  words  and  mu- 
sic; "Piking  the  Pike,"  "Just  Because 
I'm  Prom  Missouri,"  "Hiawatha," 
"Navajo,"  "Bedelia,"  "Josie,"  "Only  a 
Factory  Girl,"  "Flirting  at  the  Sea- 
shore," "The  Little  Brown  Man  of  Ja- 
pan," "Come  Down,  Miss  Malinda,"  "Ma 
Ragtime  Ebony  Belle,"  and  44  other 
popular  songs,  all  in  one  book,  and  sent 
postpaid  for  only  10  cents  We  will  also 
send  a  coupon  good  for  10  cents  to 
every  one  mentioning  In  what  paper  they 
saw    this   ad. 


This  is  a  special  offer  to  introduce  our 
snoods,  so  send  at  once. 


H.  D.  LEADER  CO. 

tf  GRAND   RAPIDS,    MICH. 


MUSIC  LOVERS 


BIG  MAGAZINE  ONE  YEAR  FOR  TEN  CENTS 

Send  us  10  cents  in  silver,  tcgether 
with  the  names  of  ten  persons  who 
get  mail  at  your  postoffice  who  are 
interested  in  MUSIC,  and  we  will 
send  you  our  handsome  magazine 
one  year.  We  receive  hundreds  of 
new  subscriptions  daily  from  per- 
sons who  think  our  magazine  a  big- 
ger bargain  than  Harper's,  Mun- 
sey's,  Ladies'  Home  Journal,  or 
McClure's.  This  is  a  special  offer 
for   a   short   time   only. 

OUR    SUBSCRIPTION    PRICE    MAY 
ADVANCE  TO   $1    PER  YEAR  SOON 


BERGES    PUBLISHING   CO. 

Dept.  t1.  D.  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


Beeswax 
Wanted 


We  will  pay  28  cents  cash  or  30 
cents  in  goods  for  good  quality  of 
Beeswax,  freight  paid  to  Falconer,  N. 
Y.  If  you  have  any,  ship  it  to  us  at 
once.  Prices  subject  to  change  with- 
out notice. 

THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MFG  CO. 


3  and  5=Banded  Italian 
and  Carniolan  Queens. 

Say  friends,  you  who  have  support- 
ed us  during  the  past  season,  we 
desire  to  express  our  thanks  for 
your  patronage  in  the  past,  and 
respectfully  solicit  a  continuance  of 
your  valued  favors  through  the  sea- 
son of  1904. 

Our  queens  now  stand  upon  their 
merits  and  former  record.  We  are 
preparing  for  next  season,  and  seek- 
ing the  patronage  of  large  apiarists 
and  dealers.  We  do  not  claim  that 
our  queens  are  superior  to  all  oth- 
ers, but  that  they  are  as  good  as 
the  best.  We  will  furnish  from  one 
to  a  thousand  at  the  following 
prices:  ""-^sted  of  either  race,  $1; 
one  unte  d,  75c.,  5  for  $3.25,  10 
for  $0.  15  for  $8.25,  25  for  $12.50,  50 
for  $23.50,  100  for  $45. 
For  descriptive  circulars  address, 

JOHN  W.  PHARR,  Prop,, 

New  Centuiy  Queen  Rearing  Co.,  Ber- 
clair,  Goliad  Co.,  Texas. 


Bee-Keepers 

We  carry  a  full  line  of  Fal- 
coner's Bee-keepers'  Sup- 
plies, and  that  means  the 
nEST,  and  sell  them  at  factory 
prices,  f.o.b.  Savannah,  Ga. 
Order  from  us  and  save  freight 
charges.  Catalogue  free  for 
the  asking. 

Harden  &  Rottrk 

Savannah,  Ga. 


Chance 

Of  a  Life  Time 


iti 


Belgfians 

Send  for  particulars  and   sample  cop' 
of  the  only 

Belgian  Hare  Journal 


Published  in  America. 

Judge  R.  J.  FINLEY, 

227  Lamb  St ,  IVIACON,  Mo 


To    Subscribers    of 


THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


And    Others! 


Until  Further  Notice 

We     Will     Send     The 

Country 
Journal 

to  any  address  in  the  U.  S.  A.  one 
year  for  10  cents,  providing  you  mention 
American    Bee-Keeper. 

The  Country  Journal  treats  on  Farm. 
Orchard  and  Garden,  Poultry  and  Fash- 
ion. It's  the  best  paper  printed  for 
the    price. 

Address 

The  Country  Journal, 

2tf.  AUentown,  Pa. 


W.  M.  Gerrish,  R.  P.  D.,  Epping,  N.  H., 
keeps  a  complete  supply  of  our  goods,  and 
Eastern  customers  will  save  freight  by  order- 
ing  of   him. 

THE   W.   T.   FALCONER   MFG.    CO. 


01 


H( 


i 


GENTS  Wanted  'wasting  Machines. 

You  can  double  your  money  Gvery  time  you  sell  one 

j    they  sell  easily.     Wg  have  sold  over  150,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years.      They 
cheaper  than  ever.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co.,    Jamestown,  N.Y. 


PROFIT 

By    Studying    Our 

Dtne  Nursing  Series 

New    Books    for    the    Home. 

5y  e  —  "The       Expectant       Mother," 

mo.,     net 'J.'  L".', 

ner — "Practical    Care   of   the   Baby, 

mo.,    Extra    Cloth •;•;/•••    ,  „„ 

p "The   Daughter,"    Extra  Cloth...    1.00 

rnsey— "Plain      Talks      on      Avoided 
ibjects,"     *•"" 

A.   DAVIS  CO.,    Publishers 

MAIL    ORDER   DEPT. 
-16  Cherry  St.   -     -       PhUadelphia,  Pa. 


50 
.$1.00 


Natioaal  Bee^Keepers'  Association, 

The  largest  bee-keepers'  society  in  the 
rorld.  ,  *     «,„ 

Organized   to  protect    and  promote  tne 
aterests  of  its  members. 

Membership  Fee,  $1.00  a  Year. 

N.E.  PRANCE,  PlatleviJle,  Wis., 

General  Manager  and  Treasurei 


sunshine 


Is  gaining  ad- 
miration as  a 
popular  liter- 
a  r  V  family 
MAGAZINE. 


;t  entertains  its  readers  with  good, 
hort  stories,  sketches  and  poems  by  the 
nost  famous  authors  of  the  day  and  is 

magazine    of    superior    merit. 

It  is  a  welcome  visitor  in  every  home. 

Price  25  cents  a  year. 

"We  wish  to  have  our  magazine  in  your 
■icinity  and  as  a  special  offer  for  new 
eaders    we    will    send    you 

Junshine  for  1  Year  for  10c. 

Think  of  it,   less  than   one  cent  a  copy. 
Can't  you  act  as  our  agent? 

ADD.  MAYES  PWB.  CO., 

LOUISVtttE.     -     -     -     -    KENTUCKY. 


When  writing  to  advertisers  please 
ention  The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


Trade  Marks 
Designs 
,  ,  ,  .  Copyrights  Slc 

Anyone  sending  a  sl^et'^l^.an'i.^fi'^IjEE^'i?!:^ 
oulcklv  ascertain  our  opinion  fr-se  whether  an 
?nTenl^on  is  Probably  patentable  Communi^a. 
tions  strictly  confidential.  Handbook  on  faienw 
"ent  ttee.  o'ldest  age"cy  for  securing  patents 

Patents  taken  through  Munn  &  CO.  receive 
special  notice,  without  charge,  m  tne_ 

Scientific  flmerican. 

A  handsomely  illustrated  weekly.    Largest  clr- 
reLr?fV/-n^CirioWtli/^^^ 

MllNN&Co.3«^''°'"'*'^Newyork 

Br"  ch  Offlce"625  F  St..  Washington.  D.  0. 

ABooa 

rot   A  wiuiA^' 

How  we  make  our  hens  pay  400 
per  cent  profit,  new  system,  our 

own  method,  fully  explained  in 

our  Illustrated  Poultry  Book,  which  contains 
Pmiltry  Keeper?  Acc't'and  Eg*  Record  showing 
lain"  or  losses  evei-  month  for  one  year.  Worth  25 
Ite  sent  to  you  for  1  c  c.  If  you  will  send  names  of  5 
nriiiUrv  kpeners  with  your  order:  Address, 
^.  8.^IB6BBT.  P.B.  56.  Cllntonvilie.  Corn* 


Are  You  Looking  for  a  Home? 

No  farmer  should  think  of  buying  land 
before  seeing  a  copy  of  THE  FARM  AND 
REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAL.  It  contains 
the  largest  list  of  lands  for  sale  of  any 
paper  published  in  Iowa.  Beaches  30,000 
readers  each  issue,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
advertising  mediums  to  reach  the  farniers 
and  the  Homeseekers  that  you  can  ad- 
vertise in.  For  75c.  we  will  mail  you  the 
Journal  for  1  year,  or  for  ten  cents  in 
silver  or  stamps  we  will  send  you  the 
Journal  2  months  on  trial.     Address, 

Farm  and  R«al  Estate  Jouraal, 

TRABB,  TAMA  CO.,  IOWA. 
10-tf. 


10 


Weeks       i|f 

Cents  . 

i' 


We  wish  every  reader  of  the  American  Bee-Keeper  to  become  acquaint 
Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture.  We  extend  a  cordial  invitation  in  our  offer  to  send^ 
paper  ten  weeks  for  ten  cents. 

There  is  no  bee  paper  in  the  world  like  Gleanings.    Its  aim  is  to  meet  the  W 
every  bee-keeper  everywhere  and  it  does  it.     Whether  you  own  one  colony  or 
sand,  or  are  merely  interested,  you  cannot  aflford  to  miss  a  single  number.     Gl^ 
is  progressive.     Every  number  is  an  improvement  over  the  last.  '| 

CONTRIBUTORS— It  is  useless  to  state  that  Gleanings  excels  in  this  p^ 
regular  department  is  edited  by  Dr.  C.  C.  Miller,  G.  M.  Doolittle,  Prof.  A.  J. 
J.  A.  Green  and  Louis  SchoU.  These  names  speak  for  themselves  for  they  are  tl 
writers  of  the  day.  Every  issue  contains  articles  from  the  pens  of  the  best  bee-l 
all  over  the  land.  A  list  of  them  would  be  the  catalog  of  the  most  successful  bet 
ers  the  world  over.  We  will  soon  begin  a  series  of  remarkable  articles  by  E.  W 
ander.  We  are  safe  in  saying  a  higher  price  was  never  paid  for  an  article  of  thi 
as  we  paid  for  a  single  one  of  this  series.  Every  one  of  them  will  be  worth  hund: 
dollars  to  bee-keepers. 

HALFTONE  ILLUSTRATIONS— During  the  past  summer  we  have  had  a 
artist  to  take  photographs  for  us.  He  has  traveled  on  our  account  alone  the  pas 
mer  over  4,000  miles,  and  we  can  promise  some  very  fine  picttives.  Many  of  the  1 
Prize  Phot6  Contest,  American  and  foreign,  will  appear  soon.  Our  engravings  ar 
by  the  very  finest  engravers  in  the  United  States.  Just  this  wealth  of  illust 
doubles  the  value  of  the  paper. 


i 


DECEMBER  15TH  ISSUE— We  are  pleased  to  announce  that  extensive  pW  fl 
now  under  way  for  a  special  Christmas  issue  of  Gleanings.    It  is  planned  that  thi    ' 
shall  far  exceed  in  its  wealth  of  contributed  articles,  its  halftones  and  its  cover 
anything  that  heretofore  has  been  attempted  in  bee-keeping  literature.    The  cove 
be  designed  and  printed  by  one  of  the  best  color  printing  establishments  in  the 
States.    The  design  is  something  unique  and  beautiful  indeed.    This  issue  will  c  S 
nearly  100  pages  and  40,000  copies  will  be    printed,   making   a   bee-keeper's    ma 
that  compares  favorably  with  any  magazine  of  the  present  day. 


SUBSCRIBE — When  you  have  read  this  notice  take  up  your  pen  and  tell  us  % 
you  Gleanings  ten  weeks,  and  enclose  ten  cents,  in  coin  or  stamps.  Don't  pu^ 
The  magnificent  Christmas  number  alone  will  be  worth  twenty-five  cents  to  an; 
keeper — we  don't  promise  this  number  to  any  but  subscribers.  You  will  never  t) 
to  spend  ten  cents  to  a  better  advantage. 


THE  A.  L  ROOT  COMPAJST^ 

MEDINA,   OHIO 

B/iANC//ES: 

J44  E.  Erie  St.,  Chicago         JO  Vine  St.,  Philadelphia        44  Vesey  St,  New  York] 


Entorod  at  the  Postoffice,  Fort  Pierce,  Pla.,   as  second-class  matter. 


Homes  In 

Old  Virginia. 

It  is  gradually  brought  to  light 
that  the  Civil  war  has  made  great 
changes,  freed  the  slaves,  ind  in 
consequence  has  made  the  large 
land  owners  poor  and  finally  freed 
the  land  from  the  original  owners 
who  would  not  sell  until  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  There  are  some 
of  the  finest  lands  in  the  inarket  at 
very  low  prices,  lands  that  produce 
all  kinds  of  crops,  grasses,  fruits, 
and  berries;  fine  for  stock.  You 
find  green  truck  patches,,  such  as 
cabbage,  turnips,  lettuce,  kale, 
spinach,  etc.,  growing  all  the  win- 
ter. The  climate  is  the  best  all  the 
year  around  to  be  found,  not  too 
cold  nor  too  warm.  Good  water. 
Healthy.  Railroads  running  in 
every  direction.  If  you  desire  to 
know  all  about  Virginia  send  10c. 
for   three    months    subscription    of 

the   VIRGINIA   FARMER  to 

Farmer  Co.,  Emporia,  Va. 


Are  You  Interested? 

The  New  South  today  holds  forth 
greater  inducements  to  the  homeseeker 
and  investor  than  any  other  portion  of 
America. 

Florida  leads  all  other  Southern  states 
in  the  matter  of  inviting  propositions  to 
those  who  seek  a  genial,  healthful  cli- 
mate and  profitable  business  opportuni- 
ties. 

St.  Lucie  is  the  banner  county  of 
Florida,  when  it  comes  to  home-making 
and  money-making  facilities,  and  its 
healthfulness  is  unsurpassed  anywhere 
on  earth. 

The  St.  Lucie  County  Tribune  is 
the — well,  modesty  forbids  our  repeating 
the  public  verdict  in  regard  to  The 
Tribune.  It  is  published  weekly  at  Fort 
Pierce,  the  county  seat,  at  $i.ooayear. 
Three  months'  trial  subscription,  25c, 
Sample  copy  for  the  asking.  If  you  are 
interested  in  Florida,  a  postal  card  in- 
quiry will  bring  it.     Write  today. 

St.   Lucie    County   Tribune 

FORT  PIERCE,  FL'A. 


THE  NEBRASKA  FARM  JOURN 

A  monthly  journal  devoted  to  ag; 
cultural  interests.     Largest  circulatic^ 
of  any  agricultural  paper  in  the  wesi| 
It  circulates  is  Missouri,  Kansas,  Ne- 
braska,  Iowa  and  Colorado. 

C.  A.   DOUGLASS, 
1  tf  Lincoln,  Neb.  | 


THE   DIXIE   HOME  MAGAZINE 

10c  a  year.  Largest,Brightest  and  Finest  lllustratec 
Magazine  in  tlie  World  for  10c  a  year,  to  intrO' 
duce  it  only. 

It  is  bright  and  up-to-date.  Teljl 
all  about  Southern  Home  Life.  It  q 
full  of  tine  engravings  of  grand  scen- 
ery, buildings  and  famous  people 
Send  at  once.  10c.  a  year  postpalcj 
anywhere  in  the  U.  S.,  Canada  anfl^ 
Mexico.  3  years  50c.  Or,  clubs  of  I 
names  50c.,  12  for  $1.  Send  us  a  club. 
Money  back  if  not  delighted.  Stamps 
taken.    Cut  this  out.    Send  today. 

THE  DIXIE   HOME, 

1005,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
When  writing,  mention  the  Am.  BeeKeeper. 


Big  Magazine 


One  year  free  tc 
quickly  intrO' 
duce  it.  Manj 
prefer  It  to  Harper's,  Munsey's,  Ladles'  Horn* 
Journal  or  McClure's.  Send  10  cents  to  heir 
pay  postage.  AMERICAN  STORIES,  Dept.  H 
D.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mi  h 


A  vest  pocket  Map  of  your  State. 
New  issue.  These  maps  show  a$\ 
the  Counties,  in  seven  colors,  aM 
railroads,  postoffices — and  Inany 
towns  not  given  in  the  postal 
guide — rivers,  lakes  and  mouni 
tains,  with  index  and  popula:» 
tion  of  counties,  cities  and  townfi?, 
Census — it  gives  all  official  rd*-*' 
turns.  We  will  send  you  post- 
paid any  state  map  you  wish  foi 

25  cents,  (silver.) 

JOHN  W.  HANN, 

Wauneta,  Neb. 


Bee    H  i ves 
Sections 


Big  Discount  for  Early  Orders. 

Before  January  i , 7  per  cent.  I  Before  March  i , 4  per  cent. 

Before  February   i, 6  per  cent.  |  Before  April  i, 2  per  cent. 

ON  CASH  ORDERS. 

EVERYTHING 

THAT  IS  USED  BY  BEE-KEEPERS  CAN  BE 
PROCURED  OF  US  AS  CHEAPLY  AS  ANY- 
WHERE, AND  WE  KNOW. 

Our  Goods  are  Superior 

BOTH    IN    MATERIAL   AND    WORKMAN- 
SHIP TO  THOSE  OF  ANY  COMPETITOR. 

One  Trial   Will   Convince  You 

THAT'S  ALL  WE  ASK.  WE  KNOW  YOU 
WILL  NEVER  BUY  OF  ANYBODY  ELSE. 

Our  new  illustrated  catalog  and  price  list  is  now 
ready.    Send  for  one  on  a  postal  card. 

The  W.T.  Falconer  Manfg.  Co. 

JAMESTOWN,  N.  Y. 


YOU  NEVER 

Thousands     ol     Subscriptions     to     Leading      American 
PRACTICALLY    GIVEN 


HEARD  THE  LIKE 

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POULTRY  SUCCESS,  the  leading  poultry  magazine  now  published.  48  to  112  pages  per  issue; 
best  writers:  beauliluUy  illustrated  and  handsomely  printed;  a  monthly  compendium  of  best  experience 
and  information  as  to  how  to  make  poultry  successlul;  regular  annual  subscription  price  50  cents.  In- 
valuable to  every  poultry  raiser — has  purchased  outright  thousands  ol  subscriptions  to  some  ol  Amer- 
ica's leading  publications,  and  lor  a  limited  time  Only  makes  some  combination  subscription  oilers 
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GOOD  FOR  30  DAYS  ONLY. 
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No.  1   COMBINATION 
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only 
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OFFERS 
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Poultry    Success     (new    subscribers.)     and    any    six    papers   mentioned    above,    only    $1.25. 

We  can  make  you  very  special  oKers  on  many  other  papers,  including  Rural  Advocate,  Missouri 
Valley  Farmer.  This  lor  That,  Rocky  Mountain  News.  American  Farmer.  Farm  Lile.  Rural  Mechanics. 
Northwestern  Agriculturahst,  Modern  Farmer.  Twentieth  Century  Review,  Mayllower  Magazine,  National 
Fruit  Grower,  Green  s  Fruit  Grower  and  Vick  s  Magazine. 

Usually  the  summer  time  is  a  dull  season  lor  subscription  work,  but  we  have  decided  to  make  the 
summer  ol  1905  historic  in  a  phenomenal  increase  in  circulation  for  Poultry  Success,  and  hence  these 
remarkable  oilers. 

Readers  of  Poultry  Success  lind  every  single  issue  ol  the  magazine  not  only  replete  with  interest, 
but  worth  many  times  the  full  annual  subscription  price.  By  making  Poultry  Success  the  best  publi- 
cation of  its  kind,  and  giving  best  value,  our  readers  are  always  pleased. 

DON'T  OVERLOOK  THESE   SPECIAL  OFFERS. 

This  adv.  may  not  appear  again.  Better  ad  at  once,  and  send  your  order  today.  Stamps  ac- 
cepted.     Sample  copy  Iree.      Address 

POULTRY  SUCCESS  CO.,  Dept.  16. 


DES  MOINES,  IOWA 


SPRINGFIELD,  OHIO 


BARNES' 

Foot  Power  MacMnerj. 

Tills,  cut  represents  our 
Combined  Macliine,  which 
is  the  best  machine  made 
for  use  in  tlie  construction 
of  Hives,  Sections,  Boxes, 
etc.  Sent  on  trial.  Send  for 
Catalogue  and  Price  List. 
VV.  F.  &  J.  BAKNES  CO. 
913  Buby  St.,  Rockford  111. 


We   will    send   The    American    Bee- 
Keeper  three  full  years  for  One  Dol'ar. 


FREE 

A  25-word  adv.  one  time  free, 
and  our  large  16-page  64-col. 
Illustrated  Literary  Magazine 
one  year  25c.  This-for-That 
exchange  column  only  one 
cent  a  word;  sample  magazine 
and  particulars  for  stamp. 

THE  MONTHLY 

2126  Brainard  St.,       New  Orleans^  La. 


AUSTRALIANS. 

NOTE  the  address— 

Pender  Bros., 

WEST  MAITLAND, 
New  South  Wales,       Australia. 

The  largest  manufacturers  of  Bee- 
keepers' Supplies  In  the  Southern  Hem- 
isphere, and  publishers  of  the  Aus- 
tralasian Beekeeper,  the  leading  bee 
Journal  south  of  the  equator. 
Sample  copy  and  64 -page  catalogue, 
FREE.  6-tf 


20  per  cent.  Profit 

Pineapples,     Oranges,     Grapefruit. 

Make   a   Specialty   for   Non-Resident   Owners 

and    Intending    Settlers    in    the 
LOVELY  LAKE  REGION  OF  SOUTH  FLOR- 
IDA. 

20  per  cent  annual  return  on  investment. 

Pure  air,  pure  water,  no  mosquitoes.  High 
pine  and  oak  land,  bordered  by  fresh  water 
lakes,  suited  to  all  citrus  fruits  and  pine- 
apples. Good  title.  Time  payments.  Ad- 
dress for  descriptive  matter,  W.  E.  Pabor, 
Manager  Pabor  Lake  Pineries,  Avon  Park, 
Fla.  tf. 


Patent  Wired  Comb  Foundation 

Has  No  Sag  in  Brood  Frames. 

THIN       FLAT       BOTTOM       FOUNDATION 

Has   No   Fishbone    in    Surplus   Honey. 

Being  the  cleanest  is  usually  worked  the 
quickest  of  any  foundation  made.  The  talk 
about  wiring  frames  seems  absurd.  We 
furnish  a  Wired  Foundation  that  is  Better, 
Cheaper  and  not  half  the  trouble  to  use  that 
it  is  to  wire  brood  frames. 

Circulars  and  sample  free. 

J.  VAN  DEUSEN  &  SONS 

Sole     Manufacturers, 

Montgomery      Co.,      Sprout      Brook,      N.      Y. 


t 


Real  Estate  Wanted 


% 


I 


To  supply  the  wants  of  Cash  Buyers  every- 
where. Their  names  and  addresses  are 
given  in  full  each  month  in  our  clean,  in- 
teresting family  magazine.  Sample  copy 
.25,  which  will  be  deducted  from  yearly 
subscription  price  of  |1.  if  you  choose  to  sub- 
scribe. The  first  issue  may  find  you  a  buyer 
and  save  you  a  middleman's  commission. 


I 


U.  S,  Real  Estate  Journal  ■ 

■K    131      W.  Brighton  Ave.,  Stkacuss,  N.  T.        ■■ 


'CAVEATS,  TRADE  MARKS, 
COPYRIGHTS  AND  DESIGNS. 

;  Send  your  basinets  direct  to  Washing^ton, 
saves  time,  costs  less,  better  service. 

My  office  close  to  XT.  S.  Patent  Office.  FREE  prellmin- 
>  ary  ezamln&tlans  made.  Atty'i  fee  not  due  onill  patent 
'  iB  secured.  PERSONAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN— 19  YEAKB 
!  ACTUAL  EXPERIENCE.  Book  "How  to  obtain  Patent*," 
etc.,  lent  free.  Patents  procured  through  E.  0.  Slggen 
>receiTa  special    notice,   without  charge,   in   th« 

INVENTIVE    AGE 

[  iUnstrated  monthly— Eleventh  year— terms,  $1.  a  year. 

918  FSt.,  N.  W., 
washington,  d.  c. 


IE.G.SIGGERS, 


H'  Tf  If,  ein&ha: 
■'"'•)     has   made   all    the  im- 
"  provemciits  in 

^  Bee  Smokers  and 

^  Honey  Knives 

made  in  ihe   last  20   years,  undoubtedly 
he  makes  the  best  on  earth. 

Smoke  Engine,   4  inch  stove,   none  too  larg.    sent 

postpaid,  per  mail tl  50 

3>4  inch 1.10 

Knife,  80  cents.  3  inch 1.00 

2^  inch 90 

r.  F.Bingham,  ??°?'»w-y  ■o--    12 

_  , ,  ^_ .    .      '   Little  Wonder,  2  in.    .64 

Farwell,  Mich. 


Scenic  Productions  and  NOVEL 
I  DESIGNS  are  our  specialties 
Many  Northern  Publishers  are 
using  our  half-tone  copy.  Most 
extensive  publishers  of  Florida 
views  on  the  Florida  Coaist. 


Florida      Photographic    Concern, 
Fort  Pierce       -        -        Florida. 

.Kft»»»3:8»:e:e:8»:8:8:Ke:B:8:83:B:8:e:8:K( 


I  SELL 


Honey,  Bees,  Land  and  Lumber 


THOS.  WORTHINQTON. 


LEOTA,  MISS. 


STANDARD   BRED  QUEENS. 

BUCKEYE    STRAIN    RED    CLOVER,        GOLDEN    ITALIANS 
By  Return  Mall.      Saf*  Arrival  Guarantaad. 

PR.IOS1S.         *ONi  SIX 

Untastad -  -      $0.75  $4.00  %7. 

Salect  Untastad 1.00  5.00  9 

Tasted  150  8  00  15. 

Saiaet  Tasted        ....     2.00  10  00  18. 

Select  Breeders,  each -   '  .%3.06 

Two-frame  Nucleus  and  Red  Clover  Queen  '-■   .       ■  .   ■     3.00 

>        THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.. 

No.  51  WALNUT  ST.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 


3 


EFORE  placing  your  order  remember  that  we  operate  day  and 
night,  the  largest,  exclusive,  high  grade,  double  gun  plant  in  the 
world.  We  guarantee  every  ITHACA  GUN  in  every  part — 
shooting  included.  We  guarantee  to  furnish  you  a  better  gun  for  the 
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it  to  convince  you  that  this  is  true.  For  twenty-two  years  ITHACA 
GUNS  have  had  the  reputation  of  being  the  hardest  and  closest  shoot- 
ing guns  on  the  market — the  same  man  is  still  boring  them  and  is 
the  oldest  and  most  experienced  barrel  borer  in  America.  Don't  wait! 
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ITHACA  GUN  COMPANY, 


Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


Vol.  XV 


DECEMBER,   1905. 


No.  12 


Ubc  ipassino  lJ)ears. 


'/T  HEY'RE  passing  away,  these  swift,  sweet  years 
^^     Like  a  leaf  on  the  current  cast; 
With  never  a  break  in  the  rapid  flow. 
We  watch  them  as  one  by  one  they  go 
Into  the  beautiful  past. 

As  light  as  the  beautiful  thistledown, 

As  fond  as  a  lover's  dream. 
As  pure  as  the  flush  in  the  seashell's  throat, 
As  sweet  as  the  wood-bird's  wooing  note, 

So  tender  and  sweet  they  seem. 

One  after  another  we  see  them  pass 

Down  the  dim  lighted  stair; 
We  hear  the  sound  of  their  steady  tread 
In  the  steps  of  centuries  long  since  dead, 

As  beautiful  and  as  fair. 

There  are  only  a  few  years  yet  to  love, 

Shall  we  waste  them  in  idle  strife? 
Shall  we  trample  under  our  ruthless  feet 
These  beautiful  blossoms,  rare  and  sweet. 

By  the  dusty  ways  of  life? 

There  are  only  a  few  swift  years.  Oh,  let 

No  envious  taunts  be  heard. 
Make  life's  fair  pattern  of  rare  design. 
And  fill  up  the  measure  with  love's  sweet  wine. 

But  never  an  angry  word. 

— Anon. 


240 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  December, 

THE  "SUGAR  HABIT"  AGAIN. 


A  Criticism  of  Mr.   Miller's  Attitude  in  the  Matter. 


By  Allen  Latham. 


MR.  MILLER  is  right  in  saying 
(page  219)  that  Mr.  Atwater's 
article  bristles  with  indigna- 
tion. The  cool  character  of  Mr.  Mil- 
ler's reply  offei's  only  another  instance 
of  the  value  of  keeping  one's  head  and 
temper;  yet  his  own  article,  not  brist- 
ling to  be  sure,  might  be  accused  of 
being  studded  AA'ith  unfair  argument. 

The  first  paragraph  of  Mr.  Miller's 
reply  is  a  splendidly  worded  one  and 
Is  too  clear  to  admit  of  any  misin- 
terpretation, but  after  that  Mr.  Miller 
allowis  obscurit3%  purposely  or  not,  to 
creep  in.  The  article  in  Gleanings 
to  which  reference  is  made  offers  no 
proof  whatsoever  that  syrup  can  be 
continuoufily  fed  to  bees  without  en- 
tailing a  loss.  Feeding  bees  against 
a  dearth  of  food,  or  to  fill  an  empty 
brood-nest,  or  to  put  a  stop  to  robbing, 
are  each  and  all  very  different  from 
feeding  syrup  to  be  stored  in  sections. 

I  have  myself  iseen  sections  of  sugar- 
syrup-honey,  and  have  known  of  a  bee- 
keeper's undertaking  to  produce  that 
kind  of  "honey."  I  have  eeen  beauti- 
fully white  combs  thus  obtained.  I 
have  never  yet  seen  it  done  with  pro- 
fit. By  the  time  a  man  has  paid  for 
his  sections,  his  comb  foundation,  his 
sugar,  his  labor,  his  loss  in  bee-vitali- 
ty, his  disposition  of  his  hard-earned 
crop — by  the  time  he  has  paid  all  these 
expenses  and  lialancetl  his  account,  he 
is  ready  to  let  the  bees  gather  honey 
in  the  way  that  tnature  fuijnishes. 
Many  have  tried  the  unhappy  scheme, 
but  they  one  and  all  drop  it  soon. 

This  is  no  argument  for  or  against 
the  feeding  of  sugar  .s.vrup.  I  only 
offer  the  preceding  paragraph  as  evi- 
dence that  the  market  is  not  likely  to 
be    troubled    by    sugar-symp-honey. 

But  is  it  true  that  there  is  any 
reasonable  danger  that  the  honest 
section  honey  is  likely  to  be  contami- 
nated if  we  feed  sugar  for  winter 
stores?  Possibly,  but  I  am  not  con- 
vinced by  anything  that  Mr.  Miller 
has  said.  And  I  doubt  greatly  if 
the  -sale  of  honey  is  materially  affect- 


ed by  the  general  knowledge  that  bee- 
keepers feed  sugar  for  winter.  I 
am  vei-y  free  to  let  all  my  neighbors 
and  others  who  are  interested  know 
that  I  frequently  feed  sugar  thus.  I 
have  never  yet,  in  my  twenty  and 
odd  years  of  bee-keeping,  heard  the 
least  suspicion  offered  that  my  honey 
was  in  the  least  impure. 

I  used  to  keep  bees  in  a  locality 
where  the  apple-bloom  was  abundant 
and  where  I  could  usually  count  on  a 
good  surplus  from  this  source  every 
even  year.  It  was  my  custom  to  crowd 
the  brood-nest  with  syrup  just  as  soon 
as  the  bloom  started  so  that  the  honey 
might  all  go  into*  the  sections.  I 
simply  took  out  the  combs  and  poured 
thick  syrup  into  them.  The  effect 
was  to  drive  the  bees  right  into  the 
section  cases,  and  they  usually  stayed. 
If  the  flow  came  they  filled  one  or  two 
cases,  but  if  rainy  weather  came  there 
would  be  no  honey  or  syrup  either  put 
into  the  sections.  Now  I  cannot  swear 
that  some  syrup  did  not  get  into  the 
sections  in  those  happy  by-gone  days, 
but  I  do  remember  that  I  never  could 
get  enough  of  that  honey  to  meet  the 
demand  at  25c  per  pound.  All  who 
bought  it  were  full  of  praise  for  its 
excellence.  I  personally  used  to  think 
that  there  was  no  honey  equal  to  it, 
though  I  have  since  come  to  like  one 
or  two  others  about  as  well.  I  never 
could  detect  the  slightest  evidence  of 
sugar  in  the  honey,  though  I  never 
applied  any  chemical  test. 

To  come  back  again  to  the  matter  of 
feeding  sugar  for  winter.  Why  is 
this  attended  with  no  danger  of  such 
synip  aftei-ward  getting  into  the  sec- 
tions? I  will  try  to  explain,  and  can 
back  up  my  explanation  with  con- 
siderable experience.  When  bees  are 
fed,  their  combs  are  for  the  most 
part  empty,  and  the  feeding  is  vdth 
few  exceptions  done  after  brood-rear- 
ing is  considerably  curtailed.  Where  is 
this  feed  put?  It  is  packed  in  close 
about  the  brood-nest,  and  as  the  bees 
emerge  the  brood-nest  itself  is  filled. 


1905.  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  241 

Never,  I  feel  safe  in  saying,  is  this  feed  I  sliould  like  to  asli  Mr.  Miller  what 
stored  far  away  from  the  center  of  the  be  would  do  if  he  found  that  his  100 
nest.  It  follows  that  the  bees  in  win-  colonies  in  late  September  were  nearly 
ter  consume  the  sugar  syrup  rather  destitute  of  stores?  Would  he  buy 
than  the  scant  supply  of  honey  which  $120  worth  or  more  of  honey  and 
more  out  of  their  reach.  When  feed  it  at  the  risk  of  foul-brood,  or 
spring  comes  there  is  but  little  of  the  would  he  buy  $75  worth  or  more  of 
syrup  left,  and  most  of  this  is  con-  pure  sugar  and  feed  it  with  no  danger 
sumed  in  brood-rearing.  I  believe,  in  of  disease?  Will  Mr.  Miller  kindly 
fact,  that  it  rarely  happens  that  any  answer? 
of  this  syrup,  if  fed  in  the  fall,  ever       Norwich,  Conn.,  Nov.  7,  1905. 

survives  the  demand  of  spring  breed-  

ing.      If   any   does   survive   and   is   in  Mr.  MiUer's  Response. 

the  way  of  the  increasing  brood-nest,  mv.  Latham  very  kindly  submitted 
where  is  it  put?  It  is  invariably  the  foregoing  to  me  for  a  reply  in  the 
moved  toward  the  corners  of  the  game  issue.  In  paragraph  three  all 
frames,  but  only  .iust  beyond  the  nest,  the  items  are  the  same  in  honey  pro- 
It  suffers  possibly  several  movings.  duction  as  in  sugar  feeding  except 
Sometimes  a  very  prolific  queen  will  cost  of  sugar  and  labor  of  feeding, 
drive  it  at  one  move  to  the  very  cor-  The  latter  is  more  than  offset  by  ab- 
ners  and  remote  portions  of  the  frames  sence  of  "culls,"  and  the  sugar  as 
where  it  will  be  sealed  over  anew,  "honey"  will  pav  a  substantial  profit. 
All  bee-keepers  have  seen  honey  thus  Regarding  loss  of  bee  vitality,  if  it  is 
moved,  and  all  know,  who  know  any-  remembered  that  bees  have  to  sleep 
thing  about  it,  that  with  a  brood-nest  or  rest  much  as  do  other  animals,  and 
overstocked  with  honey  this  moving  ^re  treated  accordinglv.  the  loss  of 
wUl  even  extend  into  the  sections  yjtaiitv  is  no  greater  in  svnip  feeding 
under  the  impulse  lent  by  the  presence  timn  from  a  corresponding  heavy  nec- 
of  a  prolific  young  queen.  tar   flow.      In    speaking   of   continuity 

Unfortunately  for  Mr.  Miller's  side  of  feeding,  I  assumed  that  these  rest- 
of  the  argument  the  conditions  which  j^o.  periods  were  undei^tood.  Bvi- 
bring  about  the  moving  of  honey  into  aenUv  I  was  mistaken.  In  the  para- 
the  brood-nest  are  rarely,  if  ever,  „^.^^^  ^^^  ^^^^^^  _^^^^.^^  ^j^^  ^^^^  j^ 
present  after  a  fall  when  sugar  syrup  ^,^1,  gtated  except  that  he  omits  the 
has  been  fed.  Average  queens  will  f^pt^j.  ^^  ^1^^  ,5ee-keeper  sometimes 
not  cause  any  of  the  syrup  to  be  ^^oving  the  filled  combs  so  the  stored 
moved  into  the  sections  while  prolific  g^^^p  j^  ^^^  alwavs  located  as  stated, 
queens  will  cause  it  al  to  be  con-  ^^^d  hence  the  svrup  is  on  hand  at 
sumed  Who  does  not  know  that  a  ^i.^  time  of  the  honev  flow, 
fall  of  feeding  is  generally  followed  Regarding  fruit  bloom.  Were  you 
by  a  spring  of  anxiety  lest  the  bees  standing  behind  me,  Mr.  I...  when  I 
have  too  little  store  to  last  till  the  ^^.^^^  through  that  mill?  Our  ex- 
new  honey  comes?  periences  are  identical.  But  I  would 
I  freely  admit  that  to  stuff  the  brood-  call  attention  to  the  flavor  of  fruit 
nest  with  40  pounds  of  sugar  syrup  bloom  honey.  It  is  a-s  if  flavored  with 
might  cause  contaminated  honey.  If  buter  almonds  and  a  very  little  of  it 
most  bee-keepers  are  like  me  they  ^yjn  i^i^e  or  submerge  other  flavors 
stop  with  15. pounds  of  syrup,  simply  unless  thev  be  verv  pronounced,  hence 
because  of  the  expense  of  such  ex-  would  thoroughly  hide  sugar, 
travagant  feeding.  Tj^^  moving  of  stores  by  the  bees 
No,  we  cannot  be  absolutely  certain  varies  in  a  hundred  ways  and  from 
that  our  honey  is  pure  if  we  allow  any  as  many  causes.  Sometimes  it  is 
syrup  to  be  fed;  but  can  we  be  thus  from  below  to  above,  from  center  to 
cock-sure  even  though  we  abhor  the  sides,  from  one  side  to  the  other,  or 
sugar  barrel?  As  long  as  there  are  the  reverse  of  all  these.  Sometimes 
candy  shops,  and  as  long  as  neighbors  the  age  of  the  queen  seems  to  govern, 
may  accidentally  expose  some  other  sometimes  the  weather  and  sometimes 
sweet  than  honey,  how  are  we  to  the  reason  is  too  obscure  even  to  guess 
know  that  our  product  is  absolutely  at.  Here  is  a  specific  case  which  oc- 
pure?                                                              cured  this  fall.     An  eight-frame  hive 


242  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  December, 

wa.s  absolutely  full  of  honey,  pollen,  precluded  from  attacking  those  who 
brooil  and  bees  on  Sept.  10th.  and  adulterate  our  products  after  they 
honey   coming   freely   from   golden-rod  leave  our  hands. 

followed  a  week  later  by  that  from  As  to  the  la«t  question  In  Mt. 
asters  (a  water- white  honey).  The  Latham's  article:  At  that  dale  I 
super  contained  a  dozen  or  fourteen  would  take  the  honey  every  time, 
boxes  in  which  the  bees  were  working.  Earlier  I  would  use  the  sugar  (if  I  had 
of  which  some  were  then  taken  away  not  honey  enough  on  hand)  and  con- 
and  eight  or  ten  left.  All  contained  sider  it  safe  on  the  grounds  stated 
bright  golden-rod  honey.  October  by  Mr.  Latham.  It  is  a  starvation 
20th,  after  all  flowers  were  gone  these  condition. 

eight  or  ten  boxes  were  full  of  strong  In  reply  to  the  charge  of  indefinitc.- 
dark    honey — seemingly    buckwheat.      ness.      That    was    partly    unavoidable 

Mr.  Latham's  remark  on  actions  of  because  I  was  not  at  liberty  to  state 
bees  with  different  queens  I  think  is  how  I  obtained  my  proof,  and  partly 
miisleading.  Other  factors  such  as  because  much  had  been  said  before 
temperature,  size  of  hive,  amount  of  and  I  tried  to  avoid  repetition.  Also 
pollen  in  combs,  and  a  lot  more,  have  I  have  been  having  a  lot  of  quiet  fun 
a  bearing.  poking  pins   into   the   pet  theories   of 

Regarding  the  next  to  the  last  para-  some  of  the  boys  by  stating  things  I 
graph,  I  would  only  call  attention  to  have  seen  and  they  have  not.  I  have 
the  fact  that  most  honey  is  produced  been  able  so  to  do  by  using  appliances 
beyond  reach  of  candy  shops  and  and  methodis  of  which  they  seem  to 
neighbors'  sweets.  Honey,  as  a  rule,  know  nothing.  In  due  time  these  will 
is  not  produced  in  preserving  time,  be  published  in  these  columns. 
Feeding  by  dishonest  persons  purpose-  Arthur  C.  Miller, 

ly  for  sale  of  the  stored  syrup  is  not       Providence  R.  I.,  Nov.  11,  1905. 

what    I    am    now    fighting.     It    is   the  

promiscuous     and      careless      use      of 

syrups    which    permits    and    generally 

assures  their  admixture  with  the  hon-   ^hey   Are   Regarded   With   Favor  on   Short 

ey.  that  I  am  combating.     Such  use  is  Acquaintance. 


CAVCASIAXS. 


By  Swarthmore. 


embraced    in    the    practice    of    spring 

feeding,    except    where    that    is    very 

carefully  done:  of  feeding  during  lulls  j  HAVE   HAD    but  part  of   one   sea- 

in  the  nectar  flow,  which  is  very  bad;  I      gon'^    experience    with    Caucasian 

and   of  charging  the  brood-nest   with  *     ^ees.     My    first   imported   queens 

syrup  prior  to  the  honey  flow,  which  ^lied  in  transit  but  later  secured  one 

is  most  pernicious.  iu   good   condition   by   sending   provis- 

Besides    that,    the    very    appearance  jo^ed    cages    to    the    breeder    of    this 

of   evil    is    sufficient    to   condemn   the  y^qq  jq  Caucasus. 

practice.     Persons  who  know  us  well,  pr^m    this    imported    mother    I    at 

may  take  our  word  for  the  purity  of  QQ^e  proceeded  to  rear  drones  in  very 

our   goods,   but  the   great  pubhc  will  jai-gg    number^:    taking    it    away    ais 

not.  hence  we  must  needs  try  to  avoid  f^st    as    secured    and    placing    it   ,in 

using    sugar,    rearrange    our    methods  queenless     nuclei     for     development, 

so  as  to  be  forehanded  enough  to  keep  T^jg  ^.^s  quite  late  in  the  season  but 

a  reasonable  supply  of  honey  on  hand  i  succeeded  in  rearing  several  batches 

for  such   purposes    ( i.e.    capital  with  ^f  flj,e  ^ells.    By  the  time  I  had  every. 

which  to    conduct  the    business)   and  tiding    i^   readiness    for    mating   in    a 

blacklist    everyone    who    recommends  distant  yard  all  other  drones  had  been 

the  use  of  syrup  for  aught  but  to  pre-  i^jned  off  which  left  me  an  absolutely 

vent  starvation.    This  may  sound  radi-  clean  'field  for  mating  up  the  numbers 

cal,  but  weigh  it  well  before  deciding,  of    young    Caucasian    queens    I    was 

In    all    our    discussions    let    us    not  holding  in  cages  to  await  their  turn 

lose  sight  of  the  fact  that  so  long  as  at  the  mating  nuclei, 

there  is  even  a  remote  possibility  of  Out   of   the   several   lots   of   queens 

the  .syrup  we  feed  getting  into  the  I  selected  32  and  introduced  them  to 
honey  we  are  to  offer  for  sale,  we  full  stocks — these  young  queens  com- 
cannot  guarantee  its  puritj-  and  we  are  menced    laying    at    once    and    proved 


19(>5. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


243 


thorn-selves  most  prolific.  In  conse- 
quence I  now  have  ;^2  booming  colo- 
nies of  absolutely  pure  Caucasian 
bees  to  begin  with  in  the  spring. 

Our  honey  flow  comes  late  in  the 
season  and  it  was  with  interest  that 

watched  the  niml)le  little  Russian 
worlvcrs  come  and  go.  The  imported 
stock  tilled  its  hive  about  equal  to 
any  in  the  yard.  Tlie  other  -stock  were 
more  or  less  mixed  therefore  could 
not  fairly  estimate  their  work. 

These  bees  are  exceedingly  gentle — • 
so  gentle  that  they  can  be  actually 
imposed  upon  without  resentment. 
Little  or  no  smoke  is  I'equired  in  their 


I  sent  some  queens  away  and  have 
ssince  received  encouraging  letters  from 
one  of  which  I  will  make  extracts, 
with  the  kind  permission  of  the 
writer. 

Prof.  Louis  H.  Scholl,  Agricultural 
College,  Texas,  writes:  "The  queen 
came  in  tine  condition  and  was  intro- 
duced at  once.  It  did  not  take  long 
for  her  Ma.lesty  to  take  to  house- 
keeping and  she  has  pronounced  her- 
self a  good  layer.  I  am  well  pleased 
with  her  and  hope  she  will  prove  a 
"nice  young  lady"  next  spring  so  that 
we  may  be  enabled  to  rear  a  number 
of  daughter-s   from   her." 


['vK, ',  c~cz,fiJ 


THE  CAUCASUS  MOUNTAINS.  RUSSIA. 
Facsimile  of  Postal  Card  from  Prof.  Benton  to  the  Editor  of    The  Bee-keeper. 


manipulation;    the    breath    often    only 
being  needed  to  drive  them  back. 

They  are  quite  nervouci  under  ma- 
nipulatioai  but  do  not  run  off  the 
combs  nor  pile  in  knots  as  do  the 
blacks.      The   queen-s    are   dark,    often 


liev.  I).  E.  Lyon,  Matawan,  N.  J., 
is  entliusiastic  over  his  Caucasians 
and  has  a  tine  article  in  "Counti-y 
Life  in  America." 

Tliere  are  several  such  letters  as 
the    above   and    1    feel    that    we    may 


varying    however,    and    seem    a    little   safely    set   the    race   down    ais   prolific 
shy.     The   workers   are  much  smaller   as  well  as  gentle. 


than  Italian;  they  are  striped  with 
narrow  brownish  hairs  and  have  a 
brovv'nish  cast  somewhat  like  the 
Carniolans.  The  drones  are  as  black 
as  your  -shoe  and  have  veiy  strong 
wing  power;  their  abdomen  is  not 
so  l)iunt  as  the  Carniolan  or  Italian 
drone. 


All  extra  prolitic  races  are  apt  to 
be  swarmers  but  on  tliis  point  I  am 
unable  to  speak  from  actual  experi- 
ence with  Caucasians — the  Carniolans 
aie  .L:reat  swarmers  but  ithey  still 
have  a  long  list  of  admirers  after  all. 
It  has  been  -said  that  if  we  run  the 
swarming    races    for    extracting    and 


244 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


December, 


keep  them .  in  large  hives  we  shall 
have  no  trouble  in  holding  them  where 
they  belong — but  this,  of  course  must 
be  tried  out  Avith  Caucasians. 

There  is  this  point  that  must  not 
be  lo«t  sight  of:  Being  an  amazingly- 
gentle  race  maybe  more  people  can 
be  induced  to  enter  apiculture  who  are 
now  held  off  from  so  doing  because 
of  the  fear  of  stings.  I  am  an  advo- 
cate of  progress,  therefore  shall  not 
hesitate  to  give  new  i-aces  of  bees 
a  fair  trial  even  though  they  break 
me  or,  perhaps,  set  me  back. 

When  the  season  opens  next  year 
I  shall  exchange  queens  with  another 
breeder  and  shall  at  once  proceed  to 
cross  out  the  in-breeding  done  this 
autumn.  In  addition  to  this  1  shall 
make  an  effort  to  import  a  few  more 
mothers. 

Swarthmore,  Pa.,  Oct.  12.  19()5. 


again.  Now  let's  open  up  and  claw 
over  the  slumgum.  Great  Scott,  how 
the  stuff  scalds.  After  three  or  four 
hours  of  such  troubles  we  find  we  have 
five  to  ten  pounds  of  wax,  which  after 
remelting  and  running  into  cakes  will 
be  worth  from  $1.50  to  $3. 

Incidentally  we  have  filled  the  house 
with  the  .steamy  odor  of  dirty  old 
combs,  have  bedaubed  the  stove  and 


EXTRACTING  BEESWAX. 


A    New    and   Thorough   System   Devised. 


By  a.  C.   Miller. 

BEESWAX,  not  old  Old  Beeswax, 
the  butt  of  the  village  jokes, 
but  the  real  article  is  my  theme, 
the  jokes  will  be  on  the  jokers  who 
have  been  loudly  urging  the  produc- 
tion of  wax,  but  ignoring  the  pains 
and  pleasures  of  the  producer  and  the 
cost  of  production. 

Wax  produced  from  cappings  and 
sold  at  26  cents  to  28  cents  per  pound 
less  freight  charges  may  be  profitable 
in  a  measure,  but  producing  it  from 
old  combs  by  the  common  methods 
of  melting  and  skimming,  or  by  pres- 
sure, spells  loss  in  big  letters.  Let 
us  see  how  this  occurs.  First  we  get 
a  roaring  fire  in  the  kitchen  stove, 
get  a  wax  press  in  running  order  and 
charged  with  a  mile  or  so  of  cheese 
cloth.  Next  we  begin  to  load  it  with 
comb.  Oh,  dear,  there  goes  a  piece 
on  the  stove  and  burns,  and  complaints 
are  heard  as  to  the  smell.  At  last  it 
is  loaded  and  pressure  applied. 
Thunder!  the  water  is  out.  Saw  it 
just  in  time.  Now  we're  off  again. 
Phew!  but  it  is  hot  over  this  stove. 
Crash,  slam,  bang—!  Oh,  dear,  I  be- 
lieve I  have  broken  my  arm.  No,  I 
guess  its  all  right,  I  didn't  think  that 
box    was    so   weak.      Well    here   goes 


>  EXTRAffl 


kitchen  with  wax  and  dirt,  scalded 
our  fingers,  used  up  a  lot  of  fuel  and 
upset  the  whole  family.  Does  it  pay? 
When  one  realizes  that  despite  all 
this  fuss,  labor  and  discomfort  only 
about  half  of  the  contained  wax  is 
recovered,  a  feeling  of  disgust  is  apt 
to  find  such  secure  lodgment  that 
thereafter  wax  production  will  be  neg- 
lected altogether. 
All   of  this  is  unnecessary,   for  the 


1905.  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  245 

1    nrmluction  of  beeswax  may  be  made  appliances  are  convenient  a  small  but 
bo?2  eSv  and  pmfitable  if  right  meth-   steady    steam    of    hot   water    may    be 
*  Ss  and  im?iement,  are  nseS.     If  we  allowed  to  flow  in  and  the  wax  wUl 
^n  produce  more  wax  from  the  same   flow  as  steadHy  out.     When  all  of  the 
Suan  iTo?   raw    material,    with    the  wax  has  escaped,  the  faucet  ij  opened 
sime  labor  and  in  the  same  time,  we   some  of  the  water  drawn  off,  covers 
Sp   r  °ain     or    if    we    produce   no   removed,   the   inner   can    (which   con- 
Sore   than   bkoi^   but   with   les«    ex-  tains    all   the    refuse)     is    taken   out 
"enditirrof  ^me'and  labor  we  gain,   emptied  and  returned  to   t.  Place   and 
If   however,  we  can  double  the  present   the  process   repeated.     It  will  be  oD 
m-oductrmi    and    halve    the    time    and  -served  that  it  is  thus  "f  ^^^^^^ Jo  use 
Sbor  Te  make  a  gain  which  express-   but    a    little    fresh    water    with    each 
ed   in    figures   is    equal   to    getting   75   change.     Furthermore  it  is  not  neces^ 
cents  to  :$1.00  a  pound  for  the  present   sary  to  have  the  extractor  on  a  stove, 
wax     output    of    our    apiary.       These    When  it  is  used  in  the  open  air  or  in 
lesults   are  accomplished   by   the   use  a  cool  or  unheated  room  it  is  advan- 
of  a  wax  extractor  recently  put  upon   tageous  to  have  the  extractor  protect 
?he  n^rket  l^  the  Falconer  Mfg.  Co.   ed  with  a  .iacket  or  wrapping  of  cloth 
The  device  work«  on  principles  differ-   or  paper  to  eon.serve  the  heat.        ^ 
ent  from  those  embodied  in  any  other       The  operation  is  rapid,  there  is  no 
machine  heretofore  employed.  In  press-   heavy  lifting,  no  working  over  a  hot 
es  and  similar  contrivances  the  comb    stove,    no    clawing    over    of    scalding 
mass  is  compressed,  and  hence  holds   slumgum,     no    danger    of    fire    from 
a    large   amount   of   wax   despite    the   spilt    wax,    no    boiling   out   of    water 
pressure.      In    mere    submergence    or   and    consequent    melting    out    of    the 
submergence    with    agitation    only    a   can  and  no  vstraining  at  a  press.     The 
small  portion  of  the  wax  is  released,   ,siop    and    dirt   in    the   kitchen    is    dis- 
but   with    submergence   and   simultan-   pensed  with,  much  to  the  gTatification 
eons  disintegration,  agitation  and  pres-   of  the  good  wife  and  to  the  ensuing 
sure,  all  of  the  wax  will  be  separated   peace  and  comfort  of  the  home, 
from  the  waste  and  secured.  Tj^g  invention  of  this  wax  extractor 

Tbe    new    device    accomplishes    all    ^larks  a  new  era  in  wax  production, 
this.      It    consists    of    two    cans,    one   ^-^^^   j|-g    extended    use   should   greatly 
within    the     other.       The     outer    can,    increase  the  wax  output  of  the  coun- 
shown  in  the  cut,  has  a  conical  cover   ^^.^ 
with    an   outlet    pipe    for   the   wax,    a       p^oyicieuce    R.  I.,  Nov.  6,  1905. 

faucet    for    the    withdrawal    of    water  '^ 

and  an  inlet  for  water.     Through  the  .        .     « 

top    of    the    conical    cover    passes    the     Status  of  Bee-keeping  in  Massa- 

shaft  which  move^s  the  inner  mechan-  chusetts. 

ism.     The  inner  can  has  a  perforated  

bottom  and  top,   the   latter  being  re- 

movable     Within  this  can  and  attach-  By  Burton   N.  (jates. 

;yair:nV?Sicti"toThrfhSt   TJONEY    CO.^^J^^ 

tt^c^n^rc^r^^^^i^pa^tr  "  ^  P^^  "^^P^^^ 
The  method  of  operat!on  is  simple  follows,  from:  California  145  tons; 
in  the  extreme.  After  removing  both  Vermont,  15  tons;  the  balance  of  the 
Svers  hot  water  is  poured  in  until  20()-ton  import  is  from  other  states 
thlcan  is  one-half  to  two-thirds  full.  This  would  allow,  with  a  population  of 
Then  comb  is  put  in  until  the  mass  is  2,805,000,  fourteen-hundredths  of  a 
^p  to  the  top  of  the  can,  then  the  pound  or  less  than  two  teaspoonfuls 
covers  are  replaced,  hot  water  added  of  honey  per  person  as  a  j-ears 
through  the  funnel  on  the  cover,  and  ration.  Nevertheless,  Blake,  Scott  & 
as  soon  as  the  fluids  reach  the  apex  Lee  Co.,  of  Boston  states  under  date 
of  thTconI  the  wax  begins  to  flow  out.  of  October  5,  1905,  "That  a  very 
The  crank  is  then  turned  for  a  few  large  quantity  of  honey  is  being  car- 
minutes,  more  water  is  added  and  ried  over  from  la«t  year,  and  the 
more  wax  escapes.     Where  the  water   "demand  is  down."    What  a  thirst  for 


I 

246  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  December, 

honey.  But  it  vemainis:  we  have  to  of  13.0  and  14.0  pounds  of  honey  per 
import  colony  in  Massachusetts  and  Vermont 

In  Massachusetts,  bee-keeping  is  respectively,  against  only  28.0  pounds 
profitable;  it  is  evident  from  the  re-  in  California.  These  comparisons 
turns  of  a  questioner  sent,  this  past  would  seem  encouraging.  But  they 
week,  to  the  members  of  the  Worces-  are  all  low,  chiefly  because  of  faulty 
ter  County  Bee-keepers'  Association,  reports  or  none  at  all  or  because  of 
by  their  secretary,  Mr.  Charles  R.  inefficient  management.  Notwith- 
Russell.  We  have  not  heard  from  -standing  the  inaccuracies  and  incom- 
all;  but  such  returns  as  are  in  show  pleteness  of  our  returns,  we  find  by 
thrift,  progressiveness,  good  increase,  our  data  the  average  yield  to  be  35 
and  good  crops.  pounds    per    colony,    which    figure    is 

Our  purpose  in  sending  out  this  probably  nearer  right  than  the  census 
blank    was    to    gather    data    that    we   report. 

might  form  an  estimation  of  the  honey  Bee  diseases  are  not  doing  any 
crop:  the  number  of  bees  kept  by  our  noticeable  damage  in  the  state;  but 
several  members;  the  amount  of  in-  three  mention  their  presence.  That 
crease:  the  general  interest  in  bee-  some  disease  is  here,  is  certain,  because 
keeping;  and  last  but  in  no  measui-e  ^^^  writer  has  found  evidence  of  it  in 
least,  the  evidence  if  any,  of  bee  dis-  several  parts  of  Worcester  and  the 
ease.  From  the  reports,  there  is  suri'ounding  towns.  What  disease  it 
much  satisfaction.  It  may  well  be  is— "black,"  "pickled,"  or  "foul-brood" 
said,  however,  that  there  are  no  ex-  — we  are  not  positive,  no  fatal  cases, 
tensive  apiaries  in  this  region,  as  however,  have  been  known;  but  its 
there  are  in  the  west,  and  conse-  course  and  progress  must  be  watched, 
quently  we  have  no  astonishing  yields.  -^fa»i*achu.setts  bee-keepers — strive  to 
There  are,  on  the  other  hand,  a  con-  <io  better  next  year.  Try  to  produce 
siderable  number  who  keep  two  to  a  ^^^  two  hundred  tons  which  are 
dozen  or  fifteen  hives.  With  these,  y^ai'ly  imported  to  the  state.  Our 
they  are  able  to  supply  their  own  natural  resources  will  yield  that  and 
tables  and  some  few  of  their  towns-  an  even  greater  amount.  Try  to  in- 
men.  We  never  hear  a  complaint  f^"c-e  your  community  to  eat  on  the 
from  the  bee-keeper,  that  he  has  more  average  more  than  two  teaspoonfuls 
honey  than  he  can  get  rid  of.  of  honey,  this  year;  it  would  be  far 

The  yields,  as  shown  by  our  reports,  more  healthy  than  ten  times  that 
range  per  apiary,  from  75  to  about  amount  of  cane  sugar.  Learn  to  do 
500  pounds.  One  gentleman  reports  things  by  modern  methods;  increase 
two  hundred  pounds  extracted  from  a  '^^^'  yields  thereby,  from  one-fourth 
single  colony,  and  an  average  of  45  to  at  least  three-fourths  of  the  total 
pounds  per  swarm  of  comb  honey,  consumption.  We  had  better  export 
The  president  of  our  society,  Mr.  P.  H.  than  import  honey. 
Drake,    of    E.    Brookfield,'  has    taken        Worcester,  Mass.,  Nov.  12,  1905. 

from   11   colonies,   five  of  which   were 

1905   swarms,   340   pounds.      Similarly,  WAX  ADULTERATION. 

another   reports   300   pounds    from    10  

colonies    in    which    case    there    was    no  The   Honey   Producers'   Lea^ne. 

increase.      One   bee-keeper,    who    lives  ■ 

in     the    central     part     of     Worcester,  Rv  r     p    t 

reports  320  pounds  of  honey.     Another  £5y  j.    ii.  Johnson. 

384  pounds,  from  7  colonies,  or  an  T  T  SEEMS  somewhat  strange  that 
average  of  55  pounds  per  colony.  I  my  saying  merelv  that  I  thought 
Such  are  our  yields.  But  .just  what  *  comb  foundation  contained  paraf- 
is  the  average  per  colony,  is  not,  for  fine,  but  admitted  that  I  might  be 
several  reasons,  so  easily  stated.  In  wrong,  should  draw  forth  a  two  col- 
the  first  place,  our  bee-keepers  have  umn  editorial  criticism  from  this  pa- 
sold  and  bought  swarms:  have  lost  per,  in  which  tlie  editor  attacked,  not 
them:  and  the  most  important  factor  only  my  present,  but  mv  past,  writ- 
of  all,  some  have  neglected  them,  ings,  branding  them  as  weak  and 
thus  bringing  down  the  average.  The  not  only  so  but  the  editor  of  Glean- 
census    for    1900    shows    an    average   ings     takes     the     matter     up     in     an 


1905.  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  247 

editorial  (see  Gleanings  page  10G7)  great  wrongs  that  have  been  clone  to 
and  compliments  the  editor  of  the  bee-keepers  by  statements  given  out 
American  Bee-Keeper  flatteringly  for  by  one  so  high  in  authority  in  that 
saying    that   it   was   all   in    my   mind,  department. 

Permit  me  to  say  that  I  have  met  I  believe  if  the  manufacturers  will 
many  bee-keepers  at  both  the  St.  think  soberly  as  they  ought  to  think, 
Loilis  and  Chicago  conventions  that  they  will  agree  with  me  that  they 
ai-e  of  the  same  mind.  hnve  not  done  their  duty  in  this  mat- 

Gleanings  says  that  they  denied  the  tef  either  to  us  or  to  themselves, 
statement  made  by  Prof.  Wiley  in  Their  attention  has  been  called  to 
June  issue,  and  so  they  did,  nearly  this  several  times,  but  it  vseems  that 
three  months  after  the  statement  was  I  was  the  only  one  who  put  it  strong 
made  by  Prof.  Wiley.  enough    to   call    forth   much   comment, 

The  editor  of  the  American  Bee-  and  I  am  perfectly  satisified  to  stand 
Keeper  infers  that  I  believe  every  considerable  abuse  if  only  it  will 
thing  that  is  said  by  professors.  Far  result  in  stopping  these  continual  dam- 
from  it.  I  disagree  with  the  views  of  again  statements  coming  from  the 
Prof.  Wilev  on  many  points,  but  it  so-called  high  authorities.  I  have  only 
still  remains  a  fact  that  consumers  of  the  kindest  feelings  toward  the  manu- 
honev  do  recognize  Prof.  Wiley  as  facturers.  but  as  we  have  patronized 
the  highest  authority  in  the  United  them  for  many  years  to  their  success, 
States,  and  it  is  immaterial  what  bee-  and  aided  in  building  them  up  by 
keepers  think.  When  the  Prof,  gave  our  patronage  from  very  small  insti- 
out  this  statement  in  the  Rural  New  tutions  to  large  ones,  surely  they 
Yorker,  to  be  copied  in  other  papers,  ^^hould  feel  grateful  enough  to  re- 
it  becomes  damaging  to  the  producers  i"ove  the  .stain  that  Prof.  Wdey  put 
of  honev  because  the  readers  of  those  "Pon  their  goods  by  saying  to  the 
papers  'are  consumers  of  honey  and  P"l>lic  that  they  use  paraffine  in  the 
thev  believe  Wiley's  statement,  and  manufacture  of  foundation, 
if  comb  foundation  is  adulterated.  Statements  coming  from  high  au- 
then  comb  honey  is  not  all  the  pro-  thority  cari-y  weight,  even  though 
duct  of  the  bee  they   be  unreliable.     Three  years,  ago 

It  was  plainlv  the  dutv  of  the  many  bee-keepers  received  comb  foun- 
manufacturers  of  comb  foundation  to  (^-^tion  that  was  very  white  and  hard; 
denial nd  that  Prof.  Wilev  make  a  probably  because  it  had  been  carried 
retraction  of  his  accusation  or  that  over  one  or  two  years,  and  as  we 
he  prove  his  words  true,  and  make  liear  very  little  of  late  of  bleached 
his  corrections  in  the  same  paper,  wax,  many  were  suspicious  of  this 
The  manufacturers  are  in  close  as  the  appearance  was  against,  it.  and. 
enough  touch  with  each  other  to  all  the  bees  did  not  accept  it  so  padily 
lower  or  raise  the  price  of  their  goods  It  would  be  well  for  the  makers^  of 
simultaneonsly.  Surely  they  should  foundation  to  explain  ,th,i.s  more 
unite    in    the    effort    to    protect    their  thoroughly.  .     .,  ,  ,^ 

good  name.  A  mere  denial  in  their  By  referring  back  to  Gleanings  for 
own  paper  that  is  only  read  by  bee-  August.  1877.  page  201,  X  find  A.  J. 
keepers  is  a  very  half-hearted  way  Robert-s  tpiotes  foundation  at  55  cents, 
to  undo  this  wrong.  I  read  the  Rural  per  iiound  in  5  pound  lots,  with  Avhite 
New  Yorker  and  I  know  that  its  wax  25  cents  per  pound  extra,  but 
editor  is  heartily  in  favor  of  the  says  "We  consider  the  yellow  in  every 
rural  people  and  would  not  intention-  lespect  i)referable..""  Also  on  page  203, 
ally  wrong  them,  and  he  would  be  (jleaniugs  August,  1877  R-.  S.  Joiner 
read.v  to  co-operate  with  them  to  have  .^ays:  "Bees  chaw  yellow  foundation 
that  statement  corrected  if  it  is  entire-  more  than  the  white,  but  A.  I.  R. 
ly" false.  disagrees,    and    says    he    can    see    no 

'  We  see  a  great,  deal  of  praise  given  possible  need  of  using  \yhite  wax  at 
to  the  agricultural  department  at  all:  and  that  white  wax  is  purchased 
Washington  in  some  bee  journals  and  of  wax  bleachers.  1  think  it  Avould 
r  am  surely  thankful  if  they  do  give  be  to  the  interest  of  the  manufacturers 
us  any  real  aid.  but  first  I  think  it  if  they  explain  hore.  fully  about 
should    be    their    duty    to    undc<    the  wax  becoming  bleached. 


248  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  December, 

On    page    19G    of    American    Bee-  WHERE  SHOULD  THE  SECTIONS 

Keeper,   1905  "The  Honey   Producers'  BE? 

League"    is    attacked    in    veiy    bitter 
terms  by  one  who  ha«  not  the  courage 

of   his  convictions,   but  uses  the  non  By  Dudley  B.  Truman. 

de  plume  of  a  "N.  B.  K.  A.  member." 

While  I  believe  in  kicking  when  the  TOURING  THE  last  few  years,  our 
occasion  demands  it,  I  think  we  should  |  J  friend  Hutchinson  has  done  hi« 
not    kick    M'hen    there    is    nothing    in  best  to  get  the  Hoffman  frame 

sight  to  kick  at.  relegated  to  the  scrap-heap.     For  my 

The  organizers  of  the  Honey  Pro-  P^^^'t-  ^  would  willingly  see  the  modern 
ducers'  League  are  deserving  of  great  comb-honey  super  follow  it;  for  the 
praise  from  every  bee-keeper.  When  comb-honey  super  is  an  abomination 
men  will  put  in  from  $10.  to  $600.  of  ^^\^^  ^^  contrary  to  the  very  principles 
their  own    money   to  help   a   cause   in   *^^  bee-physiology. 

which  they  are  only  indirectly  inter-  If  we  watch  bees  to  see  how  they 
ested,  surely  they  should  have  some  make  comb,  we  shall  at  once  observe 
credit,  and  if  they  are  not  able  to  do  that  they  work  from  sides  to  sides; 
much  good,  surely  they  will  do  no  tliey  do  not  start  a  brood-nest  in  one 
harm.  If  they,  don't  succeed,  it  will  P''ii't  of  the  hive,  then  begin  to  store 
be  because  of  the  opposition  of  such  lioney  in  another  remote  part  of  the 
as  "A  member.''  I  would  recommend  hive,  and  then  come  back  to  the  part 
that  "A  member"  become  also  a  mem-  where  they  started.  No.  they  work 
ber  of  the  League,  which  ha,s  already  systematically.  Each  new  comb  is 
done  more  than  any  bee-keeper's  or-  formed  next  to  a  pre-existing  comb, 
ganization  has  ever  done  in  the  way  '^^is  comb  is  then  filled  with  brood 
of  popularizing  honey.  It  is  due  to  or  honey;  and  then  another  comb  is 
the    League  that  a   bulletin    has   been   started;  and  so  on. 

published  that  contradicts  Wiley's  With  a  weak  colony,  bee-keepers 
statement  that  comb  honey  is  manu-  a^apt  themselves  to  this  prtnciple, 
factured,  and  also  that  1905  year  book  and  place  each  new  brood-frame  by 
contains  a  contradiction.  The  Honey  the  side  of  a  pre-existing  one.  But  the 
Producers'  Association  organized  at  moment  the  colony  becomes  strong 
St.  Ijouis,  was  practically  a  stock  all  this  is  altered.  Instead  of  follow- 
company,  and  only  the  big  guns  are  ing  up  the  method  that  has  up  to  now 
able  to  have  any  stock  in  it.  It  was  proved  so  successful,  the  bee-keeper 
talked  at  that  convention  that  the  suddenly  changes  his  tactics  and 
manager  should  draw  a  big  salary,  places  his  sections,  not  at  the  side. 
The  Honey  Producers'  League  is  for  but  on  top  of  the  brood-chamber, 
all,  and  each  pays  according  to  his  This  is  all  wrong,  for  the  habit  of 
capital  invested  in  bees  or  bee  sup-  the  bees  does  not  change.  Why  should 
phes,  which  is  very  fair  and  the  it?  The  bees  merely  go  on  working 
oftcers  draw  no  salary.  Surely  the  i„  the  place  where  they  have  started 
officers  who  not  only  gave  their  money  From  this  point  of  view  there  is  no 
freely,  and  are  also  giving  their  time,  earthly  reason  why  they  shouldn't 
are     entitled     to     praise    and     thank-s       t     ^i  „  ' 

from  all  bee-keepers.  We  ough?  to  '"  *^^  T"?".,"^  ","'"'  *^^  '^'^"^  ^^■ 
encourage  them, 'and  show  that  we  Z^^^  Z}"';:^  ^^' "^"^'^  "^ '''' '"^^^ 
appreciate  their  efforts.  I  am  a  • '  .f  ^f !  ^*"^  "'?™  ^"^  ^^  ^"  workmg 
member  of  both  the  League  and  the   "iv  T^'      ^'^"'     •''^"  '''"  ^^5^' 

N.  B.  K.  A.  and  expect  to  continue  ?'?  '""'*  ^"^  "^  ^"  ^^'"^  ^"P«^  ^n<i 
^  exited  to   continue   g^art  a   nest  there."     But  why  should 

Williarasfield.  111.,  Nov    14    1905  ^^T''  /^  S^^^.  "'"^^  ^^""""^  *^^  ""^^  "^^* 

'  '    ^^-  why   should  they   start  the  new  nest 

.<T      .  ~.      ~  ,  i»    a   super   rather   than    in    a    brand 

Laziness    is    like    molasses,    sweet   new    hive?     That   they    may    by   the 
and  stKky."-Josh  Billings.  .skill     of    the    bee-keeper    be    coaxed 

.■T*.  •     I,  \  T  "'*^  doing  so.   I   admit;    but  it  is  not 

It  IS  human  to  err,  but  devilish  to   natural.     You  might  just  as  well  ex- 
brag  on.it."-Josh  Billings.  pect   bees   in   the  trunk   of  a   tree  to 


1905  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  249 

s„.ae„„.  .tav.  mmolB,  comb  in  iU  S"'.o""Sn,rX  tZ^Z^r^^ 
''■■rt'r.s  .a.,  a  mtle  s«.  of  J.e  ..eat  o.  ^ ^^^^^,^;,,Z 
anatomy:  A  queen  bee  has  long  le^  fwa-p  known  to  you  all.  These 
and  short  wings;  a  worker  l^ae  short  ^^^  ^^^  1^«7"  ^'^  J^^,  ^^„  ^,ood 
legs  and  long  wings.     There  is  a  rea-   things    I    >^^;«  ^«    ^^.^^  ^^^^  i,^  that 

ril^^n^rdonra^e^d^rand  rTheo^'and  practice  the  modern 
Til  da;  long,  .he  has  to  travel  from  ^XnlLryTlfe  se.-tions  are  put  where 
comb  to  comb.  Her  strength  need  not  J"  t^^^^;^'^*^ i^te„^^^^^  of  building; 
be  in  her  wmgs,  therefore,  but  in  hei  ^^^^  .^^' ^^.^^^^^^  ^here  they  do  their 
^^^'  ,         ^  i-i,-     ,•„  +i,Q    IpvpI  best  to  avoid  storing  honey. 

,Zr.TC^^'.:^'J":^i'o^-       bLS^HU'.    Na..a„.    N.    p.    Ba..- 

uses    most    of    her    energy    in    flight    mas.  ^ 

TTPTire    the  wings  must  be  developed  ^^ ^-KTma 

ft  the' expense  of  the  legs.  It  follows  QUESTIONS  FOR  DR.  BLANTON. 
that  if  we  wish  to  save  be.es  labor  and  Sabana  la  Mar,  Republica  Domm- 
so  increase  their  capacity  for  getting    j^ana. 

honey     we    must    aim    at    decreasing  Oct.  26,  1905. 

their"  need  of  walking.  Editor  American  Bee-Keeper: 

Now  let  lie  turn  to  the  modern  hive,  i  have  just  received  the  custom 
and  see  how  it  carries  out  this  princi-  i^ouge  statistics  for  April,  May  and 
Die  Let  us  supose  an  exhausted  bee  j^^e.  The  exportation  from  this 
has  just  dropped  upon  the  alighting  country  is;  honey,  6,940  gallons;  wax, 
board  with  a  load  'of  honey  or  pollen.   79,916  lbs. 

First  it  has  to  run  along  the  bottom  jf  convenient  could  you  tell  me 
board  then  toil  painfully  up  between  ,„,hat  is  the  style  and  -size  of  Dr. 
two  narrow  combs.  Then  it  must  Blanton's  hives?  Do  the  frames  hang 
squeeze  its  way  between  the  top  bars,  square  to  the  entrance  or  lengthwise? 
Next  it  must  turn  a  corner  round  the  what  is  the  size  of  the  entrance?  Any 
carrier  and  squeeze  between  the  car-  special  feature  for  ventilation?  This 
rier  and  the  top  bar,  then  turn  another  ^-ould  interest  me  greatly  as  I  have 
corner  crawl  up  the  eide  of  the  sec-  to  make  at  present,  my  own  hives  and 
tion  skirt  along  the  top  and  finally  ^yhat  I  so  far  have  don't  satisfy  me— 
descend  along  the  foundation  or  comb  the  bees  are  hanging  out  so  much  on 
until  it  reaches  the  cell  in  which  it  the  front  of  the  hive.  Whether  it 
is  vour  intention  it  should  deposit  jg  the  smallness  of  the  entrance— only 
its  ioad  from  five-sixteenths  to  three-eighths— 

Further,  at  the  risk  of  wearying  q^  some  other  cause,  I  do  not  know, 
you  (for  the  mere  statement  of  all  ;\iy  frames  are  9x14,  13  frames  to  a 
this  labor  will  be  wearisome  to  read),  box.  .spaced  twelve-vsixteenth  inches, 
let  me  add  that  all  this  work  has  to  The  next  frames  I  will  make  9x19, 
be  done  amid  a  crowd  of  jostling  bees,  and  the  same  box  will  take  10  frames. 
throu"-h  top  bars  and  combs  that  are  Another  question:  what's  the  bee- 
very  likely  narrowed  by  deposition  of  space  between  bottom  board  and 
^yax  *  frames?      Yours  truly, 

l"  do  not  know  whether  this  -seems  ,  '^f  ^V*" ,  ^'■'''""-   , 

*•        Z^    tl    vmi     but    trv    to    imagine  We  believe  Dr.  Blanton's  hive  i-s  of 

vh'f       woulSbe  to  vmi    f  vofliad  the  style  known  as  the  "Long  Ideal,"  in 

o  farrv   a  sack   of   fiour.   going   upon  which  the  frames  are  of  the  Adair  or 

\n  foui  thi^ugh  .secret  ways  into  the  American    type    and    hang    crosswi^e^ 

all  to"i\!^^*l"';"  '  nn.^ient    castle     and  As   to   exact  size  and   ventilating   de- 

St';rha"i  traort^'ooTo'lee  Z  vice,  we  o.„„ot  .ay    b„t  perhaps  D. 

,w„    or    .in-ee    hnpdre,,    time,    a    ,.a,-.  B.a,Uo.,    h.u.,e.f    w,      be    ^o    -d^ - 

"¥,"„^"L"l  Va';fawerme,.e,y  „Pon   lr\iTtAinAf  the%ees  on  the 

inns  rai,  1  ""^ ^  e  "  .  outside  is  doubtless  a  result  of  insuffi- 

am 'Zhing  of   th  "l>  a  «oal     ic,^  ot   eien.    ventilation,    and    any    plan    tbat 

tile    n,atte?-ot    the    Ineonvenlence    of    will  set  Into  clronlat.on  a   current  of 


250 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


air  through  the  brood-chamber  will 
have  a  beneficial  effect.  The  matter 
of  exact  spacing  is  not  important 
under  the  frames— a  half-inch  will  be 
all  right.  It  is  important,  however, 
that  sufficient  space  be  given  to  allow 
for  any  shrinkage  of  hive-sides  and 
sagging  of  bottom-bars,  so  that  bees 
may  not  be  crushed  under  the  frames 
during  manipulation,  and  in  order 
that  they  may  always  swing  clear 
of    the   bottom. — Editor. 


December, 


NATIONAL    CONVENTION     POST- 
PONED. 

Flint,  Michigan,  Nov.  7,  1905. 

Another  slight  postijonemeut  of  the 
National  Convention  seems  to  be  un- 
avoidable. The  Fat  Stock  Show  upon 
which  we  have  depended  for  reduced 
rates  upon  the  railroad-s,  has  been 
postponed  two  weeks.  The  reason 
given  is  "the  inability  of  the  builders 
of  the  amphitheater  to  secure  structur- 
al steel  for  the  .same,"  and  they  don't 
wish  to  hold  the  show  out  of"  doors 
hence  the  delay.     Of  course,  there  will 


be  no  excursion  rates  during  the  first 
week  in  December,  and,  as  it  would 
be  -suicidal  to  attempt  to  hold  a  con- 
vention without  excursion  rates,  the 
Executive  Committee '  has  decided  to 
postpone  the  convention  two  weeks 
in  order  to  take  advantage  of  the  Fat 
Stock  Show  rates.  The  dates  for 
the  Convention  will  now  be  December 
19th,  20th  and  2ilst. 

The  place  of  meeting  has  also  been 
changed  to  the  Bush  Temple  of  :^Iusic 
corner  of  Clark  St.  and  Chicago  Ave'. 
This  was  done  because  it  was  feared 
that  the  acconunodations  at  the  Revere 
House  might  prove  too  limited.  The 
Chicago  bee-keepers,  with  their  cus- 
tomary enterprise  and  liberalitv.  will 
pay  for  the  use  of  the  hall.  It  "is  only 
five  minutes'  walk  north  from  the 
Revere  House,  which  will  be  head- 
quarters for  the  members.  This  new 
place  of  meeting  is  in  a  new  building 
where  everything  is  modern.  There 
are  adjoining  committee  rooms,  toilet 
rooms,  good  drinking  water,  and  ele- 
vator service  both  day  an-d  night. 
W.    Z.    Hntchinson. 

Secretary. 


^♦♦♦♦» ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦  ■ 


THE 


Bee -Keeping  World 


staff  Contributors  :    F.  GREINER  and  ADRIAN  GETAZ. 

Contributions  to  this  Department  are  solicited  from  all  qtiarter."!  of  the  earth. 


^♦♦♦♦^  <^>^M-M-  ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦  ♦  ♦  ♦  ^^>4 


GEBMANT. 

The  German  bee-keepers  have  the  same 
problems  before  them  to  solve  that  we 
Americans  have.  They  are  laboring  hard 
for  a  law  to  protect  their  product,  "honey." 
They  define  it  thus,  "Genuine  honeys  are  the 
sweet  exudations  and  secretions  of  plants, 
gathered  by  the  bees  and  converted  by  them 
into  honey  within  the  hive." 


or  two  stories  of  shallow  frames  for  the 
brood  chamber  is  looming  up  from  time  to 
time  in  the  apicultural  press.  The  deep 
frame  for  wintering  is  considered  the  best. 


Foul  brood  Is  the  other  problem.  A  law 
for  the  controlling  of  the  disease  is  needed 
and  very  much  desired  by  the  bee-keepers. 
The  matter  Is  being  agitated  by  the  diflTerent 
organizations. 


The    question   whether   to    use   deep   frames 


ITALY. 

A  lady  bee-keeper  tells  In  Corr.  Apistica 
that  she  keeps  down  the  grass  around  her 
house  apiary  by  covering  the  ground  with 
old  phosphate  sacks.  Ants  she  drives  away 
or  destroys  them  by  throwing  a  small  quan- 
tity of  salt  over  the  ant-hill,  then  covering 
with  sacking.  Iri  some  sections  of  Italy 
the  honey  crop  Is  large — very  large;  in  other 
parts  there  has  been  a  failure.  The  well- 
known  Rauschenfels  says  he  has  not.  an 
ounce. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


1905. 

Dr.  Raimondo  has  of  late  Invented  a  bees- 
wax extractor,  the  construction  of  same, 
however,  is  not  given  in  Leipz  Bztg  from 
which  the  above  is  taken. 


251 


BELGIUM. 

Voices  are  heard  in  Belgium  in  defence  of 
their  native  honey-bee.  It  is  thought  by 
some  that  it  would  pay  to  Improve  their 
bees  by  selection,  etc.,  rather  than  by  im- 
portation  of   new   races. 


more  or  less  impure  quality,  and  the  Impuri- 
ties ought  to  be  easy  to  detect,  being  mostly 
lime,  gypsum  or  sulphuric  acid  or  the  im- 
purities contained  in  the  lime  and  sulphuric 
acid  used.  This  last  very  often  contains 
some  arsenic. 


AMERICA. 

In  a  letter  sent  out  by  the  Apicultural 
Department  it  is  said  that  the  common  blaclc 
bees  and  certain  strains  of  Italian  bees  have 
deteriorated. 


Mr.  Alex.  Astor  left,  by  mistake,  a  comb 
containing  eggs  in  his  workshop.  During 
the  night  the  temperature  went  down  to 
about  fifty  degrees.  Next  day  the  comb 
was  given  to  a  colony  and  the  eggs  hatched 
out  as  well  as  any  other. — La  Revue. 

Out  of  seventy-five  bees  which  had  laid 
on  the  snow  twenty  hours  only  a  dozen 
failed      to     revive     when     warmed     up. — La 

Revue. 


Souvenir  postal  cards  received  by  us  from 
time  to  time  from  Professor  F.  Benton  in- 
dicate the  course   of  his  travels. 

The  German  apicultural  press  is  com- 
menting on  the  gigantic  undertaking  of  the 
Department  at  Washington,  sending  out  a 
man  to  obtain  new  races  of  bees,  and  have 
him  travel  over  the  different  continents  for 
this  purpose. 

FRANCE. 

TESTING    "WAX. 

It  is  sometimes  difficult  to  ascertain 
whether  wax  bought  is  pure  or  not,  especi- 
ally when  the  adulterant  is  only  in  small 
quantity.  L'Abbe  Butet  tests  for  the  pres- 
ence of  ceresin  by  putting  a  little  of  the 
suspected  wax,  previously  melted,  in  a  boil- 
ing solution  of  soda.  The  wax  will  form  a 
beautiful  white  soap  with  the  soda,  while 
the    ceresin    will    remain    intact. 

Mr.  Hommell  suggests  that  a  test  with 
benzine  might  often  be  useful.  The  wax 
will  dissolve  entirely  in  the  benzine  and 
the  dissolution  will  be  perfectly  clear,  while 
a  large  number  of  the  possible  adulterants 
will  either  not  dissolve  or  give  a  clouded 
solution. — L'Apiculteur. 


At  a  bee-keepers'  convention,  Mr.  G. 
Lichtenthaeler  stated  that  he  was  no  longer 
afraid  of  foul  brood.  To  cure,  he  simply 
cuts  out  and  destroys  all  the  brood. 

HIGH    PRESSURE    STIMULATION. 

It  is  stated  in  the  Revue  Internationale 
that  Langstroth  during  his  life  had  once 
proposed  to  feed  the  bees  in  the  spring  with 
a  preparation  of  milk,  malt  and  honey  In 
order  to  furnish  a  food  ready  for  the  larvae 
and  thus  increase  brood  rearing,  especially 
when  and  where  there  is  not  enough  pollen 
either  in  the  hives  or  In  the  field. 

Gerstung  came  in  some  time  ago  with 
another  formula  for  the  same  purpose  con- 
sisting of  five  parts  of  hiiey,  one  part  of 
condensed  milk,  one  of  Mellin's  baby  food 
and  a  pinch  of  Dr.  Lahmann's  fertilizing 
salts  for  plants. 
Next! 


TESTING  FOR  GLUCOSE. 
A  correspondent  in  speaking  of  the  diffi- 
culty of  detecting  the  presence  of  glucose 
in  honey  suggests  that  it  might  be  easier 
to  detect  the  impurities  that  always  ac- 
company the  glucose  than  the  glucose  itself. 
As  a  matter  of  fact,  pure  glucose  or  the 
syrups  made  with  it  would  be,  and  some  of 
those  found  on  the  market  actually  are, 
nearly  as  good  and  as  wholesome  as  pure 
honey.  But  the  price  of  such  is  necessarily 
at  least  as  high  or  higher  than  the  ex- 
tracted honey  with  which  they  would  come 
into  competition.  The  glucose  used  for  adul- 
teration   is    necessarily    of    some    cheap,    and 


STRENGTH  OF  COLONIES  AND  QUEENS' 
CAPACITY. 
Ph.  Baldenssperger  thinks  that  but  few 
queens  ever  lay  three  thousand  eggs  a  day, 
and  then  only  occasionally.  The  average 
daily  number  laid  during  the  whole  year 
was  eight  hundred  and  seventy-six.  The 
average  during  the  best  laying  season,  one 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  sixty  daily.  As 
at  the  beginning  and  end  of  the  season  the 
colony  contained  ten  thousand  bees;  three 
hundred  thousand  bees  must  have  died  dur- 
ing the  year,  and  of  course  as  many  were 
born.  That  colony  yielded  one  hundred  and 
seventy -eight  pounds  of  extracted  honey 
from  April  10th  to  August  8th.  He  thinks 
that  in  a  larger  hive  the  results  both  in 
egg-laying  and  surplus  honey  would  have 
been  better.     This  was  in  Palestine. 

A  colony  observed  at  Nice  gave  during  the 
heavy  egg-laying  term  one  thousand  seven 
hundred    and    ninety    eggs,    but    the    surplus 


252 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


December/ 


was    less    than    half    that    of    the    PaUstlne 
colony. 

Commenting  on  the  above,  the  editor  says 
that  he  has  often  had  reports  of  greater 
egg-  laying  than  that,  and  thinks  that  the 
mortality  in  bees  is  greater  in  warm  coun- 
tries than  farther  north,  and  for  that  rea- 
son the  •gg-laying  or  rather,  brood-rearing, 
cannot  reach  as  great  a  development.  He 
says  that  in  Switzerland  colonies  can  be 
found  having  a  population  of  seventy  thou- 
sand to  eighty  thousand  bees  and  even  mor«. 
A  queenless  swarm  belonging  to  him  hived 
the  24th  of  July  had  eight  thousand  bees  on 
the  22d  of  November.  In  his  locality  (the 
editor's)  the  main  crop  lasts  from  two  to 
four  weeks,  more  or  less  interrupted  by  rains, 
yet  one  hundred  pounds  of  surplus  are  fre- 
quently obtained.  With  a  honey  season  as 
long  as  that  of  Palestine,  one  hundred  and 
seventy-eight  pounds  does  not  seem  to  be  so 
very  big  after  all. — La  Revue  Internationale. 


IDENTIFYING  HONEY. 
Dr.  Pfister  claims  that  by  observing  under 
the  microscope  the  grains  of  pollen  founJ 
in  the  honey,  it  is  possible  to  determine 
from  what  source  it  comes.  The  dandelion 
pollen  was  the  most  often  found.  Honeys 
from  tropical  countries  show  different  pollens 
from  those  of  Europe.  Those  from  Chili 
and  North  America  can  scarcely  be  dis- 
tinguished from  those  of  Europe.  That  of 
Australia  shows  the  pollen  of  the  eucalyptus. 


OLD  BEES  FOR  NURSES. 
One  of  the  experimental  stations  of  Switz- 
erland made  several  swarms  with  only  old 
bees.  It  was  found  In  every  case  that  a 
portion  of  them  did  the  work  usually  al- 
lotted to  the  young  bees,  acted  like  young 
bees  and  even  assumed  In  some  respects 
the  appearance  of  young  bees,  with  well- 
filled  abdomen  and  a  propensity  of  falling 
from    the   combs. 


BRUSHED    SWARMS. 

One  of  Gravenhorst's  methods  of  forming 
brushed  swarms  is  to  brush  all  the  bees 
from  a  colony  and  put  them  on  a  new 
stand  leavlnrg  the  combs  on  the  old  stand. 
That  is  precisely  the  reverse  of  the  usual 
process.  Most  of  the  bees  will  remain  if 
the  operation  has  been  done  early  in  the 
day,  before  the  bees  take  their  play-spell, 
and  if  given  a  chance  of  filling  with  honey 
before   being  shaken. 

If  a  very  strong  colony  is  desired,  two 
or  three  swarms  thus  made  can  be  united 
or   brood    from    other   hives   can    be   added. 


STARTERS  FOR  SWARMS. 
When  hiving  a  swarm,  Gravenhorst  gives 
only  a  few  frames  and  these  with  starters 
only,  about  what  the  swarm  will  build  of 
worker  comb.  After  these  are  nearly  full, 
and  when  drone  comb  would  likely  be  com- 
menced, he  completes  the  brood  nest  with 
foundation. 


CAUCASIANS. 


Adulterated  Foundation,  Etc. 


By  E,  F.  Atwater. 

FRIEND  HILL:— Several  items  in 
the  October  American  Bee-Keep- 
er  have  aroused  my  interest.  I 
have  a  Caucasian,  and  also  a  Caucas- 
ian Carniolan  colony  from  the  govern, 
ment  stock,  and  I  am  going  to  ask 
you  to,  tell  you  readers,  in  detail 
your  experience  in  regard  to  the 
Caucasian  bees,  and  the  experience  of 
others,  with  which  you  are  familiar. 
It  might  ,save  some  of  us  an  unprofit- 
able experience.  Are  you  aAvare  that 
Mr.  Herman  Ranchfuss,  of  Colorado, 
after  several  years'  trial,  considers 
them  the  best  bees,  all  things  consider- 
ed? He  says  they  equal  Italians  for 
honey,  gentler  than  any  other  I'ace, 
use  propolis  freely,  make  white  capped 
comb-honey,  and  build  many  queen 
cells. 

With  faith  in  my  heart  I  planted  the 
"Agricultural  Department's"  seeds  of 
honey  plants.  I  had  better  fed  them 
to  the  chickens. 

About  adulterated  foundation — I  had 
100  lbs.  at  one  time,  and  10  lbs.  at 
another,  from  a  western  manufacturer, 
that  was  probably  adulterated.  I 
sent  a  sample  to  an  Eastern  ifirm  to 
be  tested.  They  Avrote  that  it  seemed 
to  have  been  made  from  cheap  West 
Indian  wax,  too  soft  to  make  good 
foundation;  that  their  wax-testing 
apparatus  was  out  of  order,  but  that 
they  would  repair  it,  and  then  test  the 
wax,  and  report.  They  have  never 
done  so.  You  could  not  put  enough 
wires  in  a  frame  but  this  worthless 
foundation  would  sag  and  tear  off. 
I  know  from  friends  whose  experience 
was  the  same  as  mine,  that  the 
foundation  which  I  received  was  not 
an  exceptionally  poor  lot.  I  will  send 
the  name  of  this  firm  to  anyone  who 
will  write  me  enclosing  a  two  cent 
stamp,  that  others  may  avoid  my  ex- 
l)erience. 

Boise.  Idaho.  Oct.  17,  1905. 


American  Bee=Keeper 


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1905. 


THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER. 


253 


THE 


PUBLISHED   MONTHLY'. 

THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MFG.  CO. 

Proprietors. 


PUBLISHING  OFFICE,      -      -     -     Fort  Pierce  Fla. 
HOME  OFFICE. Falconer,  N.  Y. 


England  is  using  motor  cars  for 
power  in  agricultural  work.  It  will 
be  for  extracting  honey  next.  Who 
said  Old  England  was  slow? 

You  cannot  tell  how  far  a  toad  can 
jump  by  his  looks.  No  more  can  you 
tell    how    bees    will    work    by    their 

temiier. 


HARRY  E.  HILL, 
4RTHIR  C.   MILLER, 


-     -    -    -    Editor 
Associate  Editor 


In  SAviftzerland  grape  leaves  are 
used  for  tea.  but,  it  is  said,  they  re- 
quire more  sweetening  than  genuine 
tea.  Why  not  use  honey  and  combine 
health,   pleasure    and   home  industry? 


We  learn,  with  pleasure,  through 
Mir.  Atwater's  letter  in  this  issue, 
that  Mr.  Rauchfuss,  of  Colorado,  after 
several  years'  experience  considers  the 
Caucasian-s  the  best,  all  things  con- 
•sidered.  We  are  glad,  therefore,  to 
place  one  large  chalk-mark  to  the 
credit  of  the  Caucasian. 


Articles  for  publication  or  letters  exclusive- 
ly for  the  editorial  department  may  be  ad- 
dressed   to  H.    E.    HILiL, 

Fort  Pierce,  Fla. 

Subscribers  receiving  their  paper  in  blue 
wrapper  will  know  that  their  subscription  ex- 
pires with  this  number.  We  hope  that  you 
will  not  delay  in  favoring  us  with  a  renew- 
al. 

A  red  wrapper  on  your  paper  indicates 
that  you  owe  for  your  subscription.  Please 
give   the   mattter   your    early   attention. 


BMtoriaL 


Mr.  J,  E.  Johnson,  in  this  issue 
takes  a  side-swipe  at  the  editor  for 
having  been  guilty  of  misunderstand- 
ing a  former  statement.  Mr.  .Johnson, 
it  will  be  noted  also,  is  one  of  the 
very  few  who  regard  the  Honey  Pro- 
ducer-s'  League  as  the  Moses  to  lead 
the  apiarian  fraternity  of  America  out 
of  the  wilderness.  It  ought  to  be 
gratifying  to  League  promoters  to 
note  that  the  organization  has  some 
admirers  among  the  actual  producers 
of  honey.  They  are  not  numerous,  we 
opine. 


He    who    will    flatter    another    will 
rob  him  when  he  gets  a  good  chance. 


A  groove  rapidly  develops  into  a 
rut.  Get  up  on  the  edges  now  and 
then   and  broaden  your  way. 


It  i-sn't  always  the  man  at  the  head 
that  is  doing  the  miischief.  Some  of 
the  biggest  scoundrels  are  the  fellows 
in  the  background. 


Editor  Abbott  nominates  officers  for 
the  National  Association,  and  says: 

"Let  us  have  a  new  deal  all  around." 
Yes,  a  new  deal  is  very  nice — when 
the  pack  i«  not  stacked.  Has  Bro. 
Abbott  kissed  and  made  up  with  the 
Ijunch  since  he  was  general  manager? 


The  associate  editor  desires  to  pub- 
licly express  his  thanks  to  Editor 
Hutchinson  of  the  Review  for  finally 
laying  emphasis  on  the  need  of  learn- 
ing the  "Whys"  of  bee  life.  We 
laboretl  long  and  faithfully  with  him 
on  this  subject  and  are  pleased  to  note 
his  conversion.  The  Bee-Keeper  has 
endeavored  to  impress  upon  its  readers 
the  advantage  of  searching  for  and 
learning  why  bees  do  as  they  do. 
When  laws  of  their  life  are  once  un- 
derstood, keeping  them  will  become  as 
play,  the  troubles  of  swarming  will 
vanish,  they  will  enter  the  supers  at 
our  command  and  in  a  word  "we  will 
be  boss.  Find  the  "why,"  then  meth- 
ods of  manipulation  will  create  them- 
selves. 


254                                THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  '  December 

GREATER      CARE      NEEDED      IN  THOSE  MAY  FOLLOW  WHO  WILL 
MAILING   QUEENS. 

Unless  persons  mailing  queens  take  Tlie   Rural    Bee-Keeper   says:     "Nc 

more  pains  with   the   cages  they   use  "eed.   Bro.   Hill,   to  poison   the  minds 

there   is    a    possibility    of   the    queens  of  your  readers  against  the  Nationa! 

being  barred  from  the  mails.  Of  cages  or     against     the     Honey     Producers 

shown  to  us  this  year  some  were  all  I-eague,  at  a  time  when  some  organt 

sticky   and   dauby   at   the   candy    end,  nation   is   needed.     The   only   questior 

otliers   had  sharp  points  of  wire  pro-  shonld  be  'who  will  lead?'     Let  everj 

jecting  along  the  edges  and  some  had  one  follow." 

sharp  edges  or  corners  of  the  perfor-  py^y^  banish  your  fears,  dear  Rural 
ated  zinc  turned  out  so  they  would  j^he  welfare  of  the  frateraitv  is  prob- 
cut  the  unwai-y  postal  clerk.  The  ex-  ^blv  quite  as  earnestly  "at  heart"  a1 
posed  candy  at  the  end  is  a  mistake  the  home  of  the  American  Bee-Keeper 
and  a  menace,  and  the  little  strip  as  in  the  sanctum  of  the  Rural.  This 
of  pasteboard  over  it  only  helps  to  paper,  however,  is  the  organ  of  nc 
spread  the  stickiness  when  the  candy  organization  nor  clique.  The  inter- 
becomes  soft  from  absorbed  moisture,  ests  of  the  industry  in  general  is  th( 
These  conditions  partly  result  from  specific  point  that  engages  the  eye  ol- 
the  efforts  of  some  persons  to  econo-  the  American  Bee-Keeper;  and  while 
mize  in  the  amount  of  postage,  candy,  every  effort  that  bids  fair  to  enhance 
etc.,  by  using  small  and  sciimpy  cages,  these  interests  may  confidently  relj 
It  is  false  economy  and  in  the  end  upon  our  support,  we  owe  no  "allegi 
may  cost  the  queen  dealers  dearly,  ance,  nor  attach  any  special  impor- 
Observe  the  postal  regulations  more  tance  to  any  independent  organization 
carefully  or  Uncle  Samuel  will  de-  or  "inner  wheel,"  simply  because  an 
prive  you  of  the  privileges  of  the  apiarian  cognomen  adorns  ite 
mails.  "shingle?"     Oh,  no! 

A  LAME  DEFENSE.  It"  Ri'other  Putnam  deems  it  prudem 
Defenders  of  a  weak  or  defenseless  to  advise  his  readers  to  "every  om 
cause  often  find  their  only  hope  lies  follow"  all  and  every  bunch  thai 
in  trying  to  divert  the  people  from  the  constitutes  organized  beedom,  we  havt 
real  issue,  and  this  seems  to  be  the  only  to  say  that  we  believe 
effort  of  Editor  Putnam  of  the  Rural  ^^^  unintentionally  commits  an  error, 
in  his  comments  on  recent  articles  in  O"!"  advice  is:  First  investigate 
the  Bee-Keeper  on  matters  pertaining  thoroughly,  and  if  the  proposition 
to  the  League  He  calls  the  articles  Pi'oves  meritorious,  embrace  it  with 
assaults  ^  on''  Mr.  York,  and  attempts  '^  '^^^^'^  of  zeal  worthy  of  its  bene- 
to  poison  the  public  mind  against  the  f^f^^nt  promise.  If,  however,  the  in- 
league  \s  a  matter  of  fact  the  ar-  vestigation  releases  odors  suggestive 
tide  he  refers  to  was  conti-ibuted  by  a  of  decay,  decline  it.  We  hardly  think 
member  of  the  association,  and  said  '^  ^^»"ld  ^^  ^^™"-  ^'^^'^'''  ^y  the  way, 
to  be  a  statement  of  facts,  putting  to  mention  to  a  brother  producer  who, 
them  in  juxtaposition  that  the  busy  Perchance,  may  also  contemplate  af- 
reader  might  readily  compare  and  tiliatmg  himself  with  what  he  con- 
judge  them  for  himself.  Mr.  Putnam  ^'^I^'"^"  ^  -^o^l  thing, '  that  you  had 
says,  "The  only  question  should  be  C'«"Sl^t  a  suspicious  whiff.  It  might 
'Who  will  lead?'  "  The  honey  pro-  I'^'o^'*'  «  kindness  to  him  and  a  benefit 
ducers  lead,  and,  according  to  the  to  the  fraternity  of  actual  producers, 
evidence  presented,  a  few  editors  and  Other  substances  than  gold  some^ 
supply  men  butted  in  and  are  striving  times  glitter.  Other  "bugs"  than 
to  do  the  leading.  Possibly  Mr.  Put-  bees  are  known  to  hum.  All  "Honey 
nam  was  too  busy  to  read  carefully.  Pi'oducers' ''  societies  do  not  neces- 
We  think  it  must  be  that,  for  hereto-  sarily  have  honey  producers  as  "lead- 
fore  he  has  appeared  to  be  of  and  for  era."  It  may  be  wisdom  to  "follow" 
the  plain  honey  producers.  them,    though,    just  because   they   arfe 

"leaders"    of    a    "honey    producers' " 

Do  bees  sting  us  because  they  hate  this,  that  or  the  other;   but  we  don't 

us.  or  because  it  amuses  them?  believe  it. 


sigOS.  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  255 


^IH 


'1i 


FREE  CAUCASIANS.  allow,  one  hish-grade  breeding  qneen, 
The  following  circular  lias  been  re-  mrf^^y  mated  and  carefully  tested.     lu 
eived  from  Dr.  E.  F.  Phillips,  acUng  addition,    several    queens    whose    mat- 
charge    of    Apiculture    during    the  ings  are  not  Icnown   will  be  sent  for 
bsenee  of  Prof    Benton:  drone  production,  since  drones  are  not 

affected    bv    the    mating;    all    queens, 

DISTRIBUTION    OF   QUEEN    BEES.  however,  will  be  from  good  stock,  the 

It  has   been   customary   in  the   past  number   to   depend    on    the   supply    at 

or  the  Bureau  of  Entomology  to  dis-  ijjj„(j       Phe    breeder    making    the    re- 

ribute    a    limited    number    of    queen  ^^^,est  must  give  evidence  of  his  ability 

•ees  of  the  more  rare  varieties  to  bee-  t^   1.^^.    „ood    queens,    must    agree    to 

:eepers.     This  distribution  is  not  In-  ^ffer  at  least  200  pure-bred  queens  a 

ended  to  be  general,  since  that  would  y^ar    for   sale   to   the   general    public, 

»e    impossible;    and,    to    prevent    mi-s-  ^nd  must  not'  ask  for  them  an  exorbi- 

mderstanding,    the   following   method,  tant   price.      It   is   the  opinion  of   the 

o  be  used  in  all  future  distributions,  Department    that    20    per    cent    more 

s  announced:  than    tlie     current     price     for    Italian 

It  is  desired  that  some  of  the  less  queens  would  be  fair.     It  will  also  be 

ommon   varieties   which  have  proven  expected    that    in    future    years    the 

30    good    may    become    more    widely  breeder-s  will  do  their  utmost  toward 

mown  among  the  bee-keepers  of  the  the  improvement  in  honey  production, 

country,  to  take  the  place,  in   as  far  at    the    same   |time    maintaining    tlie 

is  possible,  of  the  common  black  bees  pm-ity  of  the  races.     The  Bureau  will 

md  of  certain  strains  of  Italian  bees  be  glad  to  aid  breeders  of  this  class 

rtThich  seem  to  have  deteriorated.  to  its  utmost  ability,  but  will  not  aid 

Carniolan  bees  are  very  prolific  and  jn  any  way  a  breeder  who  offers  for 

ire.  at  the  same  time,  gentle,  and  there  gale   or   sells   crossed    hybrids   of   the 

are  records  to  show  that  as  honey  pro-  various   races,   except  in   the   case   of 

iucers  they  are  excellent.    The  recent-  imtested    queens,    and    even    in    that 

i-Dtly    introduced    Caucasian   bees,    which  ease,    every   possible   effort  .should   be 

Mtiave  attracted  considerable  attention,  made  to  get  pure  matings. 

•iatare  the  most  gentle  bees  known  at  the  After  this  distribution,  all  inquiries 

are  present    time,    and    records    of    honey  to    the    Bureau    will    be    answered    by 

ere  production  now  coming  in  indicate  that  giving  a  list  of  reliable  breeders,   in- 

■' r,  they  are  excellent.     The  Cyprian  race,  eluding  those  who  have  received  stock 

-lie  which  has  been   criticised  on  account  from  the  Government  apiary;   and  the 

Mof   its   temper,    ranks    second   to    none  nfime  of  any  breeder  who  knowingly 

Titii  in  honey  production.  sends  out  inferior  stock  will  be  drop- 

fue-     Of  these   races,   the   Carniolans   are  ped.     It  is  not  the  purpose  to  interfere 

Isold   in   this   country   to  some  extent,  with  the  private  business  of  the  per- 

•veand  the  Cyprians  in  less  numbers;  so  sons   receiving  queens,  but  these  pre- 

i  far     no    queen     breeder     has     offered  cautions  are  taken  to  protect  the  bee- 

;y,  Caucasian   queens  for  sale,  and   there  keepers  of  the  country. 

is,   without  doubt,  an  opportunity  for  No    applications    for    queens    under 

a   wide  sale  of  these  queens,    as   evi-  other  circumstances  will  be  considered. 

denced  by  the  requests  which  come  to  All  applications  will  be  considered  in 

the  Bureau  of  Entomology.  the  order  of  their  receipt. 

The  Bureau  can  do  more  toward  the  Yours    respectfully, 

wider  introduction   of  these  races   by  L.  O.  Howard, 

inducing  reliable  men  to  take  up  rear-  Entomologist, 

ing    of    pure-bred    queens    than    by    a  Approved: 

more   general    distribution.      It   is   not  James  Wilson, 

the     purpose     merely     to     give    away  Secretary  of  Agriculture, 

queens,,  and   the    future   distributions  ^ybiie  the  intentions  of  the  Depart- 

will  be  limited  as  follows:  nient  are  doubtless  the  best,  we  deem 

To    any    experienced    queen-breeder  the    pi"oceedure    one,    the    wisdom    of 

who  will  guarantee  to  rear  queens  and  which   may   well  be  questioned.     The 

mate    them     purely      in     considerable  American  Bee-Keeper  would  certainly 

numbers^  for  general  sale,  the  Bureau  decline  the  proffered  gift  of  a  Cauca- 

will    send,   as   far   as   the  supply   will  sian  queen,  and  would  pray  that  none 


256  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEHPER.  December, 

of  its  neighbors  might  accept;  at  least,  well  adapted  to  the  requirements  o 
until  the  race  has  given  a  better  ac-  a  first-class  bonnet  bee,  because  the; 
count  of  itself  than  now  stands  to  will  not  sting.  In  a  recent  number  o 
its  credit  in  this  country.  When  a  Gleanings,  Bro.  Root  refers  to  thl 
Caucasian  queen,  for  breeding  pur-  new  hobby  again,  as  follows: 
poses  or  otherwise,  is  desired,  a  breed-  "I  have  just  asked  our  Mr.  Me 
er  would  hardly  forego  the  wish  to  Pritchard,  who  has  charge  of  our  bees 
possess  her  simply  because  of  the  how  our  imported  Caucasians  an 
usual  purchase  price.  doing,  and  how  their  temper  is,  com 

The  Caucasian  race  has  now  been  pared  with  that  of  other  bees.  H' 
before  the  American  public  for  more  says  they  are  unquestionably  thi 
than  twenty  years.  Some,  at  least,  gentlest  bees  he  ever  handled.  H> 
of  those  who  tried  them,  found  them  has  mauled  the  hives  around  in  a] 
to  compare  favorably  with  the  sting-  sorts  of  shajies  in  cool  weather,  am 
less  bees  of  the  tropics  in  the  matter  the  bees  paid  no  attention  to  it.  H 
of  complete  worthlessness.  can  hardly  make  them  show  fight." 

It  is  twenty  years  since  the  writer  Now,  if  people  kept  bees  merely  fo 
had  the  honor  to  be  introduced  to  a  the  pleasure  of  mauling  them  around 
colony  of  these  meekest  of  the  meek  stroking  their  fur  and  cares-sing  them, 
in  all  beedom.  They  were  as  gentle  like  a  poodle  dog,  all  this  would  be  ai 
and  docile  as  a  sick  lamb.  Their  incentive  to  put  in  Caucasians.  Bui 
docility  was  exceeded  only  by  their  as  a  general  rule,  they  do  not.  Mos 
laziness;  but  nothing  could  exceed  in  bee-keepers  are  like  Dr.  Miller — the; 
completeness  the  perfection  of  this  prefer  some  honey  even  if  a  fe^ 
latter  trait.  While  supers  tiered  up  stings  come  with  it.  However,  con 
from  three  to  six  and  even  eight  upon  tinning  to  comment  upon-  his  inter 
colonies  of  Italians  black  and  Carnio-  view  with  Mr.  Pritchard,  Mr.  Roo 
Italian   crosses,    not  a   section   of   sur-   says: 

plus  could  the  gentle  Caucasian  be  "But  they  are  unsatisfactory  in  on 
induced  to  store.  One  of  the  assis-  or  two  other  respects.  They  do  no 
tants  in  the  apiary  used  to  say  that  know  enough,  he  says,  to  take  syru] 
they  went  to  the  basswood  forests  at  out  of  a  common  feeder  in  the  hive 
meal-time  to  eat,  but  returned  with  when  they  are  short  of  stores.  H 
empty  honey  sacs;  and  the  condition  has  been  trying  to  make  them  pu 
of  the  colony  throughout  the  season  the  syrup  into  combs.  But  it  is  th 
would  justify  such  a  belief.  old  case  of  leading  the  horse  to  wate 

It  is  obviously  true  that  the  fore-  that  Avouldn't  drink." 
going  instance  is  insufficient  to  con-  If  ^Ir.  Root's  Caucasians  are  simila 
demn  the  race.  We  find  inferior  to  those  with  which  we  have  had  t^ 
strains  cropping  out  in  any  and  all  t^o,  this  trait  should  cause  no  surprise 
races;  but,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  Imagine  a  Caucasian  going  afoot  up 
not  a  single  bee-keeper,  in  all  these  stains  to  get  something  to  eat  out  o 
years,  in  all  America,  who  makes  the  ^  feeder.  Hardly.  Tty  thinning  i 
production  of  honey  anv  considerable  •i"''*t  to  the  consistency  of  nectar,  Bro 
busin&ss.  has  adopted  the  Caucasian  Root,  warm  it  nicely  and  use  a  camel'i 
as  his  choice,  and  in  view  of  the  fact  Ii^"'  li»""sh  individually.  Dip  the  brusl 
that  very  adverse  reports  have  been  '"to  the  warm  food  and  politely  offei 
made  in  several  instances,  does  the  it.  We  think  they  could  thus  be  in 
reader  deem  it  the  part  of  wisdom  at  'I"<'<'fl  to  take  sufficient  to  sustain  life 
this  time  for  our  Government  to  "seed"    ^t  least. 

the  country  with  Caucasian  blood?  Mr  Root  concludes  his  commeni 
Even  the  Cyprians  have  their  admirers  thus:  "Another  thing.  If  the  weathei 
among  honey  producers  (and  heaven  is  a  little  cool  they  will  not  venturt 
knows  they  are  bad  enough)  but  let  out  of  the  hive  until  an  hour  or  ar 
us  hear  from  one  or  two  Caucasian  hour  and  a  half  after  the  other  bees 
admirers,  with  certified  reports  of  are  out  in  the  air.  This  may  or  may 
their  honey  crops.  We're  listening,  not  be  a  desirable  trait  in  chillj 
Hark!  weather.     At  all  events,  Mr.  Pritchard 

Editor  Root  has  for  some  time  had  thinks  the  bees  are  too  good-natured 
a  Caucasian  in  his  bonnet.     They  are   to  be  good  for  anything,  and  that  this 


1905.  THE    AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER.  257 

!  fcarticular   colony   will   need   a    lot   of  3,    8-ioc.      oid   stock  very   duU   and   slow 

mrsing    to    bring    it    through     winter,  sale   at   low   prices.      Demand   for   new    crop 

)n    the    other    hand,    the    climate    of  improving.  Batterson  &  co. 

:he    Caucasue    regions    is    about    the 

fame  as  that  of  Italy  or  Florida.     If      ^*"^^«  <^"y-   *^°-   ^^p^-   ''-'^^^  '"^'•^** 

he  bees  are  able  to  sui-vive  in  Russia  °"  ^^''«  *="'"''  ^°"^^-  '^"-^y-  '"  ^^""^  '''"""^ 

,  •  1  J.  i  !•  ii  _!,  •„  ,  at  present,  the  demand  exceeding  the  sup- 
;hey  might  not  live  through  in  our  piy.  24  section  cases  selling  at  »3.00.  Extract- 
climate.  Erven  If  these  bees  are  not  ^^  ^^^^^  ^j^,^^  ^^^^^^  ^^  ^^^  ^„^  ^^j,^^ 
luite  equal  to  Italians  for  honey-  ^^^  ^^^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^  5^  ^p  Beeswax  28c  per 
gathering  the  fact  that  they  are  so  p^^^d.  we  look  for  the  market  to  con- 
t^ery  gentle  will  make  them  in  demand  tinue  Arm.  c.  c.  ciemons  &  Co. 
;vith  a  large  number."  

^       We     think     Mr.     Pritchard     is     wise,         Cincinnati.   Oct.    6.— We  are  selling  North- 

,.  ind    that    he   is    a    prophet;    but    we    do  em    comb    honey   at    from    14-16C    per   lb.    by 

'"  ,„*-     „™..«^     ,,rjj-i,     Tj„^      T>„^4-     4-u^i.     4.1^^  the  case.     The  demand  for  Extracted  honey 

lot    agree    with    Bro.    Root    that    the  j^  ^^^^^  ^quai  to  the  demand,  which  is  good. 

Here    trait    of    gentleness    is    sufficient  We    continue    to    sell    amber    In    barrels    at 

to    establish    the    Caucasian    in    favor  ^  i-4-6c.       white    ciover,    6%-7%c.       we 

.  ,  „  pay  30c  per  lb.  for  beeswax  delivered  here. 

SVlth    even    a     tew.  The    Fred    W.    Muth    Company. 

Dr.   Phillips'   ambition  to  serve  the  

interests     of     the     fraternity     is     com-        Denver,   Oct.  2. — We  quote  our  market  to- 

nendable   indeed;    and  the   mere  fact  <iay  as  follows:    No.  1  white  Comb,  per  case 

,      ,      rn,  »       „   •  -o    „  Tj^„      ^         .  of   24    sections,    $3.00;    Light   Amber   and   No. 

hat      The      American     Bee-Keeper       is  2.  per  case.  12.75;  Extracted  honey,  6% -7 %c: 

unable    to    muster    a    grain    of    faith    in  Beeswax,    24c   for   clean   yellow. 
the    project,    does    not    necessarily    Sig-  Colorado  Honey  producers'  Association. 

Dify  that  hi«  efforts  will  be  productive 

.„  3f  no  good.  Perhaps  even  a  mistake  is  ,  Chicago,  Nov.  17.-Thtre  has  been  a  st^dy 

er         J,        ,  .  ,        ,  .         J.    ..  trade    in    honey    to    the    small    dealers    who 

^preferable   to   absolute   inactivity   upon  usually  lay  in  a  little  stock  at  this  time  of 

the    part   of    the    Department    of    Agri-  the  year.     Prices  are  practically  unchanged. 

nnltnrp  '^he  fancy  grades  of  white  comb  brings  14  to 

j^LuiLuie.  ^g    cents,    that    which    is    a   little   off    1    to    2 


Hi  ST, 


i.iai 


cents    less,     amber    grades    10    to     12    cents. 
The  Companion  as  a  Christmas  Gift.  dark   and   damaged   lots   7    to   10   cents,    ex- 

Can  you  think  of  a  gift  more  certain  to  be    tracted  white  6   to   7%   cents,   amber  6   to   7 

cents.     Beeswax  steady  at  30  cents. 


acceptable  than  a  year's  subscription  to  the  jj_   ^_   Burnett  &  Co. 

outh's  Companion?    Is  there  any  one,  young  

'  or  old,  who,  having  once  had  the  paper  In  his  Boston,    Oct.    5. — Owing      to      the      warm 

•'"  bands  and  looked  through  it,  did  not  wish  to  weather    prevailing,    the    demand    for    honey 

te! possess   it    for    his    very    own?      It    is   a    gift  has    not    come    up    toprevious    years.        This, 

which,     far     from     losing     its     freshness     as  together    with    the    very    large    quantity    be- 

Chrlstmas  recedes  Into  the  past,   grows  more  ing    carried    over    from    last    year,     both    by 

delightful,    more    necessarj'    to    one's    enjoy-  jobbers    and    retailers,     tends    to    keep    the 

t(  ment   week   by   week.  price  and   demand   down. 

The    boy    likes    it,    for    it    reflects    in    Its  Fancy   white   comb,    15c;    No.    1,    14c;    No. 

pages     every     boyish     taste     and     every     fine  2,    12c;    Extracted    honey,    from    5^-7c. 

boyish    aspiration.      The   father   likes    It,    not  Blake,    Scott   &    Lee    Co. 

only   for   the   fiction    but    for  its   fund    of   In-  

formation    of    the    practical    sort.      The    girl 

likes   it   for    the    stories,    anecdotes,    sketches  THE     GERMAN     HONEY     MARKET. 

and    editorial   articles   printed   in   each   num-  • 

ber  especially  for  her.      The  mother   likes  It  ^he  following  quotations   of   the   Hamburg 

for    Its    stories    of    domestic    life   and    family  h^ney    market    were    sent    us    by    Mr.    Wm. 

affection,   for  its  children's  page  and   for  Its  Hesse,   a  German  subscriber.      They  are  very 

medical    article.  interesting,     not     only     because    of    the    fact 

On  receipt  of  $1.75,  the  yearly  subscription  ^j^at  "California"  gets  "top,"  but  for  the 
price,  the  publishers  send  to  the  new  sub-  reason  that  "Cuba"  brings  one-tenth  of  a 
scrlber  all  the  remaining  Issues  of  the  Com-  ^ent  more  than  "Havana."  Another  inter- 
panion  for  1905  and  the  "Minutemen"  Cal-  esting  question  arises  in  this  connection: 
endar  for  1906,  lithographed  In  twelve  col-  From  what  Is  this  "Domingo"  goods  gath- 
ers and  gold.  ered,    that  It   should   so   nearly   approximate 

Full  Illustrated  Announcement   of  the  new  "California?"    However,  here  is  the  list : 

volume    for    1906    will    be    sent    with   sample  Hamburg,  Germany,  Oct.  5,  1905. 

copies  of  the  paper  to  any  address  free.  Extracted.— California,  5% -6  per  lb;  Chile, 

,..    ^'^3'f    YOUTH'S    COMPANION,  4.4;    Cuba     3.9;    Domingo.    ?.l;    Havana,    3.8 

144   Berkeley  Street,                 BOSTON.    MASS.  Mexican     4  6 


Beeswax. — Brazil,    30.2-32.2;    Angola,    29.1- 
HONEY  AND  BEESWAX  MARKET.  30.2;    Chile,    30;    Cuba,    30.2;    Domingo,    29.1- 
29.7;    Madagascar,    28.6-29.7;    Marocco,    29.7; 

Buffalo.    Sept.    5.-We    quote    fancy   white    ^-^tabf,    '^i;!!:kpan,      12.1;      Caraula. 
new  comb  honey  at  14-15c;  No.  2,  ll-12c;  No.    30.1-42.2. 


INDEX  TO  VOLUME  XV,  1905. 


SUBJECTS: 

A  Base   Reflection    37 

A  B  C  of  Bee  Culture,   The  New 21 

Abolish   the   Feeding  Practice    188 

About  Sweet  Clover 17  2 

Accepted    170 

Adaptability   Required    140 

Advance    of   The   American    Bee-Keeper.  .  102 

Advantage  of  Drawn   Combs    164 

A   Handy  Cage    64 

A    "Good    Scheme"     115 

Agrees   With    Mr.    Miller    220 

A   Handy    Device    90 

A  Lame  Defense. 2ri4 

Bee-Keepers'    Institute,     A 20 

A  Large   Gill   of  Refreshment    74 

Alfalfa   Growing   54 

American    Apiculture     25,   50 

An   Autumn  Prayer    , 217 

An    Explanation    22  8 

And    Each    With    a   Virgin    121 

A   New   Bee   Book    126 

An  Old  Straw  Skep IS 

Another  Postal    Card   from    Pat    232 

Another  Visit   from    the   Deacon's  Ghost.  .    14 

Another    Secret    Out 163 

Apiculture  for  Women   23 

Apiarian    Patents,    New 34 

Artificial    Ripening     72 

A  Visit   to   Dr.   Blanton    136 

August    In    the   Apiary    152 

A  New  Hive  and  Its  Management   165 

A    Point    of   Law    186 

A    Review    149 

A   Standard    of  Strength    165 

A  Veteran   Apiarist    175 

A   Venerable   Student    204 

A  Wanton  Waste   171 

Beautiful    Magazine     168 

Bee  Calendar,   A  Beautiful    36 

Bee    Pranks    39 

Bee  Books,   Ancient  and'  Modern    52 

Bee-Keeping  not   a   Precarious  Business.  .    65 

Bee-Keepers   Hold    Meeting    83 

Bee-Keeping      126 

Bee    Culture   in    Japan    201 

Bee  Experts  Hunt  Queens  for  Prizes 206 

Bees   Capture   a   Car    171 

Bees    Hatching    Eggs     211 

Bees    in    the    Home    184 

Bees'    Mysterious   Action    118 

Bees   Removing  Eggs    225 

Beginner's    Questions     79 

Behind   the   Times    120 

Best    Kind    of    Hive    Tool    236 

Bottling    Extracted    Honey    177 

Brushed  Swarms '-■'i'? 

Building   L'p    Weak    Colonies    117 

Burlap   for   the   Smoker    63 

Cabbage  ,  Palmetto,    The    191 

Call    for    Nominations     186 

California    Honey    Producers    182 

Camping    Out     162 

Candied     Honey     168 

Can    Hardly    Wait    18 

Capt.    Robinson's   Cuban   Apiary 38 

Caucasians     232 

Chaff  from    the    "Chillisquaque   Apiaries."    63 

Chicago    Convention,    The    ., 214 

Climate   and    Honey.    The    109 

Clarifying    Extracted    Honey     100 

Cleaning    Beeswax    226 

Cleaning  Cappings   136 

Cleaning     Combs     185 

Cloistering    Hive     166 

Color  of  Honey  Affected   by   Conditions...    64 
Color   of  Wax    212 


Comb    Honey    1 

Comb    Honey   in    Cuba    

Comb   Honey   Rules    1 

Comparative  Tests  of  New  and  Old  Foun- 
dation     1 

Consumption   of   Sweets   Declining    1 

Convenient    Colony    Record,    A 1 

"Cutting   a   Queen   Bee's  Wing"    1 

Cutting   the   Bee    Tree 1', 

Disadvantages   of  Unpreparedness    

Diseases  of  Bees '. 

Disposing    of    the   Honey   Crop    II 

Don't  Discourage  the  Philadelphian    1' 

Don't  Do  It  At  All 1 

Down   With   Sugar   Feeding    : 

Drones    and    Virgin   Queens    1- 

Drones  Are   All    Right    2 

Dubini's  Bee-Keeping    2 

Dupes     1 

Dysentery     185,    1 

Educating    Bees     1 

Effect  on  Bees  of  Cold  and  Moisture • 

Evaporation      ' 

Evaporation    of   Nectar    1' 

Evidently    from    Ohio    1' 

Extracted  Honey  Rules    1 

Explanation    of   Standard    of    Honey 2 

Extracting  P.eeswax 2 

Extracting  Unsealed   Honey    

Extractor,    The    Use   of    

Factions    of   the   Craft    

Failure   in    Idaho    2 

Favors    American    Hives    1 

Feeding    Bees     

Feeding    Larvae    1 

Feeding  Out  of  Doors   1 

Feeding  Sugar   Syrup    2 

Feeding   Syrup  in  January    

Final     Ripening     

Fixing   the   Price   of   Honey    1 

Flat    Foolishness     , 2 

Folly  of   Tinkering  with  Bees    13S,    2' 

Foolish  Virgins,    The 2 

Forced    Swarms     

Foreign   Competition    

For    Local    Shipping    1 

Formic    Acid    in    Honey    1 

For    Tariff    Revision    1 

Foul    Brood    in    New    Zealand     2- 

Foul   Brood,    Treatment   of    

Foul   Brood  Preventives    2: 

Foundation    in    Section   Honey    1! 

Friction    of    the    Faction*      1 

Free    Caucasians         -     2 

From    An    Australian    Reader    1 

From    Frying-Pan    to    Fire    H 

From    the    Farm    Papers    ( 

General     Advice     IJ 

General     Notes     1( 

German    Convention,    A    21 

Getting  Ready  to  Move  In K 

"Going-to-Bees,"     The     

Gobbler  and    Bees,    The    1 

Good    .Schedule     21 

Gov.     Folk's    Veto     1^ 

Grading   Honey    IJ 

Granulation.    To    Prevent     If 

Grading   Rules   If 

Greater  Care  Needed  in  Mailine  Queens   .        '2' 
Handling   Bees  and   the  Honey   Crop  with 

Profit     6 

Handling    Robbers    13 

Handy  Way  to  Hold  a  Queen  While  Clip- 
ping      17 

Hardscrabble  Interview    3 

Hewitt-Benton    Discussion,    The    5 

Have   They   Different   Odors?    14 

Ileddon's    Own    Style    21 


1905. 


INDEX. 


259 


ershlser    Combined    Hive    Stand    and 

Bottom-Board      *3 

igh  Pressure  Stimulation ^ -^''l 

Istorical   Scraps    1 *" 

ive    Improvements     142 

ive-Opening  Tool,    A    158 

ive   Stand,   A  New    Combined 159 

iving    Swarms     1** 

-offman    Frames    2 

[omemade   Hive  Paint    121 

:oney    Crop    Short     193 

[oney   Markets   of  Germany,    The    53 

[oney  Market   Unusually   Dull    82 

[oney   As   An    Ointment    101 

[oney  Market   Day    210 

[oney  Producers'    League,    The    91,   104 

[oney  Producers'    League   196 

[oney    Thieves    224 

loney   vs.    Lumber    184 

loney    Shoe-Blacking     212 

loneysuckles    129 

loney,   The  Standard   of  Excellence   In...  104 

loney   Vinegar,    Making    100 

low   to   Run   a  Bee   Paper    63 

low    to    Clip    Queens 88 

iow  to   Successfully   Run   An   Out-Aplary 

for    Comb   Honey    113 

How    to    Keep    Bees"    147 

lustling    California     167 

[dentifying  Honey 2o2 

[11    Effect    of    Their    Own    Vine    and    Fig 

Tree     164 

[n   the  "B"   Class   238 

[nversion    130 

[nvention   of   the   Extractor    120 

In   Search   of   Foreign   Races  of  Bees    ....130 

Introducing    Queens     210 

Irish    Wit    80 

Irish-English    Controversy    216 

Italian   Bee,    The    66 

Jefferson  Co.,   N.   Y.,   B.-K.    Convention...    61 

Just   Fills  the   Gap    101 

Just    "Catching   On"    142 

Labels  for  Extracted  Honey 235 

Large   and    Small    Hives    184 

Larval    Queen,    The    46,   72 

Late    Breeding    162 

Law  of  the  Bees,   The    216 

Laying    Workers     162 

Loss  of   Queens   in   Parent   Colony    116 

Long    Memories     166 

Long    Lived     166 

Looking    for   the   Ideal    Bee    208 

Looking   Backward    232 

"May    Bee"     21 

May     Be    So     143 

May   Be   So   in   Germany    142 

Missouri,    The   Season   in 18 

Missing  Essentials    124 

Missouri   Foul   Brood  Bill    124 

Mississippi   Notes    135 

Mixes    His   Bees    212 

Miller's  Wax  Extractor 244 

Moore's  Queen-Rearing  Apiary   221 

More   About    "Bee   Stealers" 34 

Mr.    Miller's    Greeting     102 

Must  Have  Been  Cyprians 171 

Must    Be    a    Little    One    101 

Naphtaline   and   Foul   Brood    184 

National    Convention     141 

National   Election,    The    76 

Natural    Law     215 

Newspaper  Version,    A    40 

New    Zealand    Notes    209 

Night    Work     71 

Nobility  and  Bees    121 

None    Too    Soon    120 

Not   All   the  Time    195 

Not    Foul    Brood     64 

Notes   by   Swarthmore    89 

National  Convention  Postponed 250 


Notes  from  Germany,    16,   35,   55,   77,   120, 

142,    161,    182,   210,    227 

Slam    17 

Switzerland,    17,    35,    56,    142, 

210,   230 
Austrla,17,    35,    55,    142,    161,   228 

Turkey   17 

Madagascar     36 

France,   56,   78,   162,   184,   210,   228 

Asia   Minor    56 

German   Southwest  Africa   ...    56 

Dahomey     78 

Belgium     100,    121,    144,   162 

Bulgaria      121 

Italy    121,   211 

Holland     121 

Bohemia    121 

Spain     142,  110 

German  East  Africa   143 

Siberia     162 

Sumatra     184 

Egypt    110 

EJngland   211 

Objects    to    Flour     120 

Odors    ' 125 

Odor    Theory    Again    188 

Odor  Theory  Out  of  Order    132 

Old    Enough    to   Be   Good    210 

Old  Bees  for  Nurses 252 

On    the    Wing    '^1 

Orange  Blossom   Honey    125 

Packing     Comb    Honey    for    Shipment    in 
Car    Lots     HO 


Patents 


222 


Pennsylvania   State    Convention    36 

Perforated    Zinc    is    Better    121 

Pliny  on  Alfalfa   236 

Politics  in  the  Apiary 180 

Political  Economy  of  Bee  Culture,   The...  193 

Popularizing    Honey    205 

Prefers    Side    Storing    163 

Prefers    the   Swltzer    142 

Prejudice     59 

Preparedness    1^1 

Preserve  Your  Bee-Keepers    190 

Probably   Correct    229 

Producing    Beeswax    148 

Prof.   Benton   Off  for  Dorsata    124 

Prof.    Sladen's   Book    149 

Profitable    Marketing    155 

Profitable   Season   in   Ireland    182 

Progressiveness     H" 

Program   of   the   National   Convention. ..  .212 

Progressive  Box-Hive  Bee-Keepers 228 

Propolis  from  Start  to  Finish    95 

Protecting    Combs    162 

Public    Library    210 

Punic    Bees    10,   33,   59 

Queens'  Capacity     251 

Queen    Cells    229 

Queens   Die   in   the   Malls    120 

Queenless    Colonies    136 

Queen-Rearing   Obstacles    3 

Questions  for  Dr.  P.lanton 249 

Receives    Government    Appointment    21 

Removing  Propolis  from  the  Hands 177 

Removing  Propolis    188 

Retail  Honey  Tank    210 

Review    of   Volume  XrV 

Ripening    of    Honey,    The    70 

Root   Wouldn't    Indorse    It    143 

Rule  that  Works  Two  Ways    120 

Save    the   Natural    Cells    210 

Says  It's  a  Mystery    142 

Science    in    Apiculture    104 

Sectional    Hives     136 

Seeks  American   Capital    143 

Separating    Swarms    212 

Shallow  vs.  Deep  Frames   96 

Shouldn't  Object  to  Profit    210 


260  INDEX.  December, 

f^K^''f^°^o^'f  "y?"  V ^^^    ^'hat    D°   You   Think?    20 

S  bbald  s  Controlled   bwarming    1C8    Where  Should  the  Sections  Be'. 248 

S.mmins-    Book,    A  Review   of    42    Wholesale     Absconding  Ifi4 

Simmins     Method,    The    211    Who   Was   First'  To, 

Sixty  Years  Among  the  Bees,  Whose  Be   They'  ico 

29,    65,    85,    lOS,    133,    222    Who    Was    Right?     ISS 

So    He   Says    lOl    Why  Not   Try  the  Pigs  ?    .  .  .' 229 

Sophism 16S    Will    Woman    Be   Appointed?    ....■.;;■■■■    83 

Sophora    Japonica    124    Winter     Conditions  '  '    qX 

Sounds    All    Right    165    Winter    Consumption 911 

Spring    Inspection     212    Wintering     ....  lot 

Sunk  Ten   Thousand   Dollars   in   Bees 60    Wintering  229 

Straw  Skeps   ....... 33    Wintering    Bees    in  '  Swarthmore  '  'likting 

btahlman  s  Report  for  1904 4        Boxes  TIS 

Starved  or  Frozen    144    Wintering '  Results '!'.] '.l ! \l 

Ifartling    If    True     181    Wintering  Without   Combs    .'.'.'.'. 164 

Steadily  W  e  Grow    125    Wiring   Brood   Frames    .  .  38 

Sugar    Feeding    174    Work    in    Bee    Culture    ...         75 

Smoker    Without   Smoke    185    Work   in    the   Out   Yard  2''3 

Sunshine  in  Winter   211    Worse  Than  a  Flea   '.'. iSi 

btarters  for  Swarms 'i.^U    Worth    Remembering    193 

Status  of  Bee-keeping  in  Massachusetts 24.'j    Yates   County,    N.    Y.,    B.-K.    Convention" 


Study    the    Bee    214 


Report    74 


Subduing    Bees      121  Young   vs. '  Old   B^es  ' ." .' .' .' .' .' .' ." .' .' ." .' .' .' ." ." .' ." ."  ' I85 

Sugar  Habit,     The 240  

Swarming      5 

Swarthmore     Demonstration     12 

Swarming   and   Wintering   Results    27  INDKX    TO    TT  T  tt^tr  a  ttoxto 

Take  It  With  a  Grain  of  Salt 229  ^^NDH^X    TO    ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Take    Your    Choice    162  Apiary   of   J.    P.    Moore    221 

Test    for    Honey    Dew     101  capt.  Robinson's  Cuban  Apiary ! !  ! !  !    29 

Testing  for  (.lucose 2.d1  Convenient   Colony   Record    179 

?estlnf   wTx  ^''' 1^      ^'•-    ^'^"*°"    ^'   Home    .....Ill 

lesting    wax    185    Hardscrabble's    Ghost     15 

Ti^erinl    Ud'' i^l    Hershiser's    Hive   Stand    44/45 

a  ering     up       154    Honey    Formula    81 

T^%e::    ^^""^"^^     Hunting    Queens     ....•.■.-.206:  "207 

The  Call  o--theFVeids-::::::::::::;:::::ii7  f  p^nes^  ^ee  Appu^^,,, 

rp,      ^  ,.         ^   .  '■,'    J.    G.    b.    bmall    209 

I  he  Caucasus  Mountains 243   j^y^      Hewitt  co 

?l;e  gSu^r^HVney-;:::::::::;;:^^^  ^^ ^{f^^'^r^'^^"-'- •-•■-- 

The    Farm     107    May  Tee       ^"^'^'"^   ^"'-    \1? 

?he  Rla^Ld  the  unrear.::v.;;::v.;:-.m  ^i-  ^°-«'^  v^^^-^^^^^  p'-- 154, 155 

The   Wonderful   Queen    163    ^l'    tt,.'"r^'' .?".^'"f  ■^°'^"   ^'^^^    "'" 

The   Wood  Robin    173    ^'^-    St"tmatter's   Apiary    91 

Theory    vs.    Practice    202    f/'   o^^^''^'" W  v- V  '  "  '  ^ "'''^ 

—         -  -  Mr.    Greiner's  Buckwheat   Comb   115 


They  Don't  Fit    163 


They   Indicate   the'  Plow  ■::::::::;;::::;  ;  230    ^^^^   combined    Hive   stand    159 

They  Know  Us  Now   «0    ek,-b..^f/^'f,!':    •^: " '.; 23 


This   Is    Funny    80 

Those  May  Follow  Who  Will    2.'S4 


Reinforced  With  Brood    114 

Stahlman's    Apiary    3 


Tobacco   for  Queen  Introduction   168    ^*"*'?%"^^;^    ^"^.^^'^^  J°™    ^° 

To    Educate   the   Public    169    I^t  ^^^  ^"i?-    ^^    Brodbeck 73 

"Too     Thin"      121      ^^^    Q"««"        131 

Top   Entrances    228,   230  

To   Prevent    Swarming    185 

%Ws'      .'''°'^!'.  .^"^.      .''.°"'":^.''!''!"^.  .112  CORRESPONDENTS    AND    CONTRIBUTORS. 

?rift h   wfl l"  p'ri^""'''^  Wanting ■  .'  ." !  .' ."  .'  !  .'  1 4 2        Nixon  Waterman,   P.   W.   Stahlman.  Arthur 
Truth   Will    Prevail    125    c.     Miller,     Adrian     Getaz,     Joe     Pen,     J.     E. 

TT^iHn^^  rr^i^ni;,' ill  -Johnson,   C.  E.  Woodward,  Rev.  J.  A.  Kempe. 

Uniting    Co  onles     121  Fred  A.   Parker,  John  Dufford    D    H    Zenck- 

Unjust    Trait   of    Human    Nature,    A 127  er,    John    Ware,    J.    W.    Tefft.    Bessie'L.    Put- 
Uses  a  Roller  to  Elevate  the  Honey 165  nam,    Richard    Curry,    L.     M.    Gulden,     CS 

Uses   for   Beeswax    163  Harris,     W.     J.     Davis,     J.     L.     Byer      A      J 

VnW^f"fMr^^   ;,-n;v. J^f  B^''"^",     Swarthmore,     John    Hewitt     J.     H 

Voice  of  the  Sluggard.  The 226  Andre,    S.    H.    Cheney,    Thos.    Chantry,    N     E 

w^r^'   Information  82  France.    O.    L.    Hershiser,    Frank   W.    Proctor 

w«t?i   Shower    Needed     121  Fred    Stroschein,    F.    Grelner,    O.    F.    Martin 

Watch    It    Next   Year    229  K.   M.   Waldron,   Geo.  B.    Howe,   O.    C.   Fuller 

w^l*""!"/  u  ^^M  •  ■  •  V r. ^**  ^-     °-     Townsend,     Spectator,     Prof^     U     O 

Wax    Adulteration    Suspected     178  Howard,     Yon    Yonson,     W.     F.     Marks     Jno 

Wax    Adulteration    189  McNall.    J.    K.    Reese,    F.    J.    Stritmatt^r,    w! 

WaxAdulteratio. 24(.  z.     Hutchinson.     T.     K.     Massie.    J     B     Hall 

W^  H^ven'tTrtrd  It Jfi4  ^""''^    ^^    ""•'    ^'°'-    ^^"^    Benton  '  A   "a! 

^e   Cot    -Fm    Bp«t" L  l^^-e^ch.    G.    M.   Doolittle,   Thos.   I.   Weston,   R. 

We   Got     Em   Beat      80  Nash,    Henry   Reddert     E     H     Dewev     Dr    n 

Western   Bee  Journal   Sold    190  m.    Blanton.^redW    Muth     W    W '^'M^Nea^; 


oe  Cone.  J.  Milton  Weir,  Geo.  B.  Howe,  E. 
,  Pratt,  M.  F.  Reeve,  Otto  Luhdorff,  Geo. 
V.  York,  Richard  Herbert  Gesner,  F.  W. 
[unt,  Henry  E.  Horn,  Leo  F.  Hanegan,  N. 
^.  K.  A.  Member,  Burton  N.  Gates,  Dr.  W. 
:'.  Claussen,  Thos.  B.  Darlington,  E.  F. 
twater,  J.  G.  S.  Small,  Geo.  M.  Saunders, 
W.  Gillilan,  J.  R.  McKenzie,  W.  F.  Mc- 
ready,   Fred   G.   Hill,   Allen   Latham. 


\  and  5'Banded  Italian 
and  Carniolan  Queens. 

Say  friends,  you  who  have  support- 
ed us  during  the  past  season,  we 
desire  to  express  our  thanks  for 
your  patronage  in  the  past,  and 
respectfully  solicit  a  continuance  of 
your  valued  favors  through  the  sea- 
son of  1904. 

Our  queens  now  stand  upon  their 
merits  and  former  record.  We  are 
preparing  for  next  season,  and  seek- 
ing the  patronage  of  large  apiarists 
and  dealers.  We  do  not  claim  that 
our  queens  are  superior  to  all  oth- 
ers, but  that  they  are  as  good  as 
the  best.  We  will  furnish  from  one 
to  a  thousand  at  the  following 
prices:  '""sted  of  either  race,  $1; 
one  unte  d,  75c.,  5  for  $3.25,  10 
for  $6,  15  for  $8.25,  25  for  $12.50,  50 
for  $23.50,  100  for  $45. 
For  descriptive  circulars  address, 

JOHN  W.  PHARR,  Prop., 

New  Century  Queen  Rearing  Co.,  Ber- 
clair,  Goliad  Co.,  Texas. 


Read  This  and  Do  It  Quick 


AU  One 
Year  $1.40. 

Without 

Gleanings 

80  Cents. 


The    Modern   Farmer, 

Green's    Fruit    Grower, 

Agricultural    Epitomist, 

The    Mayflower    and 

Ten  Beautiful  Flowering  Bulbs, 

Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture, 

American   Bee-Keeper. 


Without  Gleanings  and  American  Bee-Keeper 
50c.     Good  only  a  short  time.     Address 

Modern  Farmer,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 


Box  15. 


The  clean  farm  paper. 


Every  person  who  keeps  pigeons,  Belgian 
hares,  cavies,  dogs,  cats  or  a  pet  of  any 
kind  to  send  for  a  free  sample  of  the 


PET  STOCKjtPAPER 


Address     Box     20. 


York,     Pa. 


THE     BEGINNER 

In  bee-keeping  can  find  Just  the 
information  he  needs  in  the  Begin- 
ners' Department  of  the  Rural  Bee- 
Keeper. 

The  Amateur  can  find  instruction  In 
our  question  department  and  J  $  J 
in  our  market   reports. 

The  Foreign  bom  bee-keeper  will 
get  news  from  home  in  our  Beedom 
Abroad. 

The  Professional  can  Interchange 
Ideas  with  the  best  bee-keepers  In 
the  world  through  the  columns  of 
the  Kural  Bee-Keeper. 

Subscribe  now.  $1  a  year  (month- 
ly.) 

Bee  Hives  and   Supplies,  all  kinds. 
Catalogue  free. 


REPRESENTED  BY: 

J.    J.   Wilder,    Cordele,    Ga. 

8.  S.  Huth  &  Son,  San  Antonio,  Tex. 

Morgan  Bros.,  VermiUion,  S.  Dakota. 


W.  H.  Putnam 

RIVER   FALLS,    WISCONSIIT 


To    Subscribers    of 

THE  AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPER 


And    Others! 


Until  Further  Notice 

We     Will     Send     The 

Country 
Journal 

to  any  address  in  the  U.  S.  A.  one 
year  for  10  cents,  providing  you  mention 
American   Bee-Keeper. 

The  Country  Journal  treats  on  Farm, 
Orchard  and  Garden,  Poultry  and  Fash- 
ion. It's  the  best  paper  printed  for 
the    price. 

Address 

The  Country  Journal, 

otf.  Allentown,  Pa. 


We   will   send   The   American   Bee- 
Keeper  three  full  years  for  $1.00. 


ONE-HALF  INCH  SPACE  ONE  TEAR  ON  THIS  PAGE,  $3.00. 


W.    J.     DAVIS,     l8t,     YOUNGSVII.LE,     PA., 

breeder  of  choice  Italian  Bees  and  Queens 
Quality,    not   quantity,   is   my   motto. 


DEWEY'S  HARDY  HONEY  GATHERERS.— 

Reared  under  swarming  impulse  through- 
out the  year.  Large,  strong,  healthy.  Send 
for  card,  'Can  I  Control  Swarming."  Original. 
Untested,  75c.,  6  for  $5.00;  tested,  $1.50,  6 
for  $5.00.  Choice,  $2.50.  High  grade  breeders, 
$2.00  to  $10.  E.  H.  DEWEY,  Gt.  Barrington, 
Mass. 


QUEENS  HERE. — We  are  still  asking  you 
to  give  us  your  trade.  We  sell  Italians, 
Goldens  and  Carnlolans  at  75c  for  untested 
and  $1.00  for  tested.  Prices  on  quantities 
and  nuclei  upon  application.  JOHN  W. 
PHARR,  Berclair,  Texas.  Jan6 


SWARTHMORE  APIAREES,  SWARTH- 
MOORE,  PA. — Our  bees  and  queens  are  the 
brightest  Italians  procurable.  Satisfaction 
brightest  Italians  known.  Satisfaction  guar- 
anteed. 'V  e  are  breeding  the  Caucasians 
absolutelj    pure   fromi   direct   imported   stock. 


W.  W'.  CARY  &  SON,  LYONSVILLE,  MASS. 

— Breeders  of  choice  Italian  bees  and 
queens.  Imported  Leather  and  Root's  Red 
Clover  strains.   Catalogue  and  price  list  free. 


MOORE'S      LONG-TONGUED      STRAIN      of 

Italians  become  more  and  more  popular 
each  year.  Those  who  have  tested  them  know 
why.  Descriptive  circular  free  to  all.  Write 
J.  P.  MOORE,  L.  Box  1,  Morgan,  Ky. 


HONEY  QUEENS  AND  BEES  FOR  SALE.— 

I   extracted  300  pounds  per  colony  in   1903. 
THOS.  WORTHINGTON,  Leota,  Miss.     Aug6 


PUNIC  BEES. — All  other  races  are  discard- 
ed,   after    trial    of    these    wonderful    bees. 
Particulars  post  free.  JOHN  HEWITT  &  CO., 
Sheffield,  England.  Jan6 


THE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO.,  Medina,  O. — Breeders 
of  Italian  bees  and  queens. 


THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO.,  51  Walnut  St., 
Cincinnati,  O.  Standard  Bred  Red  Clover 
Three-banded  Queens,  Golden  Italians  and 
Carniolans.  Safe  arrival  guaranteed.  Send 
for  circular. 


QUEENS  from  Jamaica  any  day  In  the  year. 
Untested,  66c.;  tested,  $1.00;  select  tested, 
$1.50.  Our  queens  are  reared  from  the  very 
finest  strains.  GEO.  W.  PHILLIPS,  Sav-La- 
Mar  P.   O.,  Jamaica,  W.  I.  5-5 


D.  J.  BLOCHER,  Pearl  City,  HI.— Breeder  of 

Fine   Italian   Bees  and  Queens.      Our  stock 

speaks   for   itself.      Safe   arrival   of   all   stock 

guaranteed.     Free  information.  Jan6 


LAWRENCE    C.   MILLER   has   sold   out   his 
"Providence  Queen"  business  to  Cull  &  Wil- 
liams, Providence,   R.   I.      See  large  ad  else- 
where. 


C.  H.  W.  WEBER,  Cincinnati,  O.— (Cor,  Cen- 
tral  and   Freeman   Aves. ) — Golden   Yellow, 
Red  Clover  and  Carniolan  queens,   bred  from 
select    mothers    in    separate    apiaries. 


JOHN    M.    DAVIS,    Spring   HiU,    Tenn.— Has 

greatly  enlarged  and  improved  his  queen- 
rearing  facilities.  Two  unrelated  Carniolans 
and  a  dark  leather  Italian  lately  imported. 
My  own  strains  of  three-band  and  golden: 
"Moore's"  long-tongue;  Doolittle's  golden;  all 
selects.  Carniolans  mated  to  Italian  drones 
when  desired.     No  disease.     Circular  free. 


QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER,     has     an 

exceptionally  hardy  strain  of  Italian  bees; 
they  wintered  on  their  summer  stands  within 
a  few  miles  of  bleak  Lake  Erie  .  Send  for 
free  circular.     Bellevue,  Ohio.  5-5 


HOOPER  BROS.'  Italian  Queens  reared  In 
the  West  Indies  are  the  most  prolific  and 
give  the  best  results  available  any  time  of 
the  year.  Write  at  once  for  information  to 
Kingston,  Jamaica,  B.  W.  I.,  Box  162. 
Nov.    6. 


HONFY  DEALERS'  DIRECTORY 


l^fUnder  this  heading'  will  be  inserted,  for  reliable  dealers,  two  lines  one 
year  for  $1.25.  Additional  words,  12c  a  word.  No  announcement  can 
be  accepted  for  less  than  one  year  at  these  rates.^^ 


OHIO. 


H.  W.  WEBEK,  Freeman  and  Central 
Aves.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  If  for  sale,  mail 
sample,  and  state  price  expected,  delivered 
in  Cincinnati.  If  in  want,  vviite  for  prices, 
and    state    quality    and    quantity    desired. 

5-5 


VE  are  always  In  the  market  for  extracted 
honey,  as  we  sell  unlimited  quantities.  Send 
us  a  sample  and  your  best  price  delivered 
here.      The  Fred   W.   Muth  Co.,  51   Walnut 

St.,   Cincinnati,   O.  5-5 


COLORADO. 


THE  COLORADO  HONEY  PRODUCERS' 
ASSOCIATION,  1440  Market  St.,  Denver, 
Colo.  5 


ILLINOIS. 


R.    A.    BURNETT   &   CO.,    199    South    Water 
Street,    Chicago.  5-5 


Cent=a=Word  Column. 


AGENTS  WANTED. — To  sell  advertising 
novelties,  good  commission  allowed.  Send 
for  catalogue  and  terms.  American  Manu- 
facturing  Concern,    Falconer,    N.    T. 


THE  BUSY  MAN'S  METHOD  OF  REARING 
GOOD  QUEENS. — This  leaflet  describes 
the  method  used  in  rearing  the  Hardy 
Honey  Gatherers  (read  elsewhere),  and  if 
carefully  followed  will  produce  queens  of 
great  merit.  No  loss  of  brood,  no  cell-cups, 
and  but  litttle  time  required.  Large  queens 
tinder  swarming  impulse.  Nothing  artificial 
about  it.  Every  queen-breeder  needs  it. 
Price  25  cents.  E.  H.  DEWEY,  Gt.  Barring- 
ton,  3Ias8. 


INCREASE  is  a  handsome  little  book  telling 
how  to  form  new  colonies  without  break- 
ing working  stocks.  A  simple,  sure  satis- 
factory plan.  2  5c.  Baby  Nuclei  tells  how 
to  mate  many  queens  from  sections  with  a 
mere  handful  of  bees.  42  pages,  20  pic- 
tures, 50c.  Cell  Getting  tells  how  to  save 
labor  In  rearing  queens,  50c.  Queen  rear- 
ing outfits.  Golden  all-over  and  Caucasian 
Queens.  Circulars  free.  E.  L.  PRATT, 
Swarthmore,  Pa. 


Bee-Keepcrs 

We  carry  a  full  line  of  Fal 
goner's  Bee-keepers'  Sup- 
plies, and  that  means  the 
best,  and  sell  them  at  factory 
prices,  f.o.b.  Savannah,  Ga. 
Order  from  us  and  save  freight 
charges.  Catalogue  free  for 
the  asking. 

Harden  &  Rourk 

Savannah,  Ga. 


National 

Beekeepers' 

Convention 

CHICAGO,  DEC.  19.  20,    21 

Make  Your  Headquarters  at  our  Chicago 
agency — York  Honey  and  Bee  Supply 
Co.,  H.  M.  Arnd,  Mgr.,  141  Ontario 
Street,  where  you  will  be  cordially 
welcomed.     Respectfully, 

Q.  B.  LEWIS  CO. 

Watertown,  Wis. 


Learn  Telegraphy  and  R.  R.  Accounting 


$50  to  $100  per  month  salary  assured  our 
graduates  under  bond.  You  don't  pay 
us  until  you  have  a  position.  Largest  • 
system  of  telegraph  schools  in  America. 
Endorsed  by  all  railway  oflflcials.  Ope- 
rators always  in  demand.  Ladles  also 
admitted.      Write   for   Catalogue. 

MORSE  SCHOOL  OF  TELEGRAPHY 

Cincinnati,  C,      Buffalo,  N.  T.,      Atlanta,  Qa. 

Texarkana,  Tex.,      San  Francisco,   Cal. 
Nov.    5.  LaCrosse,    Wis. 


Our  Special   Premium  Offer. 

We  have  been  successful  in  closing  a  contract  with  the  Selden  Pen  Mfg.  Co. 
of   New   York,    whereby   for   a   limited     time     we     can     supply     a     guaranteed 

$  2.00     Gold     Fountain    Pen. 

"THB  CElTRIC  model  i" 

and  the  American  Bee-Keeper  one  year  for  only  90  cents,  to  every  subscriber, 
OLD  or  NEW.  The  pen  will  be  forwarded  immediately  upon  receipt  of  the 
money.  It  is  made  of  the  best  quality  of  hard  rubber  in  four-parts,  and  fitted 
with  a  guaranteed  irridium  pointed  14-k  GOLD  PEN.  The  "fountain"  Is 
throughout  of  the  simplest  construction  and  can  not  get  out  of  order,  overflow, 
or  fail   to  supply  ink  to   the  nib. 

"A  Fountain  Pen  is  a  Necessity 
of  The  Twentieth  Century." 

It   dispenses  with   the  inconvenient   Inkstand    and    Is    always    ready    for    use. 

i'T'LT'n'    /^T7T  T'T?!/^    1WfOT>T7T      1*     bears  the  manufacturer's  guarantee  that 
J.rXC    V-HI-XXVIV-    VflKJl^C.!^    *         the  pen   is  solid  GOLD,   14-k  fine.      If 
does  not  prove  satisfactory  in  every  way  we  will   exchange  it  for  another,   or  re- 
turn the  fifty  cents  additional  upon   return    of    the    pen. 

This  is  an  unusual  opportunity  to  secure,  at  a  very  low  price,  an  article 
of  superior  quality  that  is  coming  to  be  essential  to  the  comfort  and  convenience 
of   every   one   who   writes.      REMEMBER  that  the  offer  la  for  a  short  time  only. 

THE  AMERICAN   BEE-KEEPER,    Falconer,    N.   Y. 


> — '^.-*- 


Special  Notice 
to  Bee-l^eepers. 

BO  STO  N 

Money  in  Bees  for  You 

Cata'og  Price  on  ^ 

Root's    Supplies 

Catalog  for  the   Asking 


r.   H.  TARIVtER,  182   FRIEND  STREET, 
BOSTON,  MASS. 

>  Up    First    Flight 


mm 


YOU    CAN    DO   IT 


AGENTS 


Medallions  "Peuro  or  Pearl"  New  Me- 
dallions, Quick  sellers.  Big  money. 
Write  at  once.  Special  territory 
given.  Largest  Medallion  Co.  in  the 
World.  Agents'  supplies.  Novelties 
up-to-date.     Write  now. 

Universal  Mannfactnring  Co., 

Pittsburg,  Fa. 


Chance 

Of  a  Life  Time. 


100  ^^^^^^  *°  ^^^^ 

Belgfians 

Send  for  particulars  and   sample  copy 
of  the  only 

Belgian  Hare  Journal 

Published  in  America. 

Judge  R.  J.  FINLEY, 

227  Lamb  St ,  MACON,  Mo^ 


Fifty  Cent 
Beeswax 


The  right  quahty  will  easily 
bring  this  price.  For  full 
particulars  write  to  us. 

Cull  &  Williams 

Providence,  R.  I. 


Falconer's  Fine  Bee  Goods 
Providence  Queens 


Three   MontJis  for   Only  PQ   Cents, 
To   a    A  ew   Subscriber. 

THE 

AMERICAN  BEE  JOURNAL 

Established  i7i  1861 

It  is  the  only  weekly  bee  paper  in  America. 
Those  who  write  for  it  are  among  the  most 
extensive  and  successful  bee-lseepers  in  the 
world.  Many  of  them  produce  honey  by  the 
ton,  and  make  money  at  the  business,  hence 
their  experience  is  valuable. 

Among  the  Departments  Represented  in  the 
Bee  Journal  Are  These: 

Editorial  Notes  and  Comments;  Mis- 
cellaneous News  Items;  Contributed 
Special  Articles:  Opinions  of  Some  Ex- 
perts; Proceedings  of  Conventions;  Our 
Bee-Keeping  Sisters;  Mr.  Hasty's  After- 
thoughts; Dr.  Miller's  Answers  to 
Questions;  Honey  and  Beeswax  Mar- 
ket Quotations. 

Every  bee-keeper,  whether  having  one 
colony  or  100,  should  read  the  old  American 
Bee  Journal  every  week. 

Only  $1.00  a  year;  or  20  cents  for  a  trial  trip 
of  three  months,  (13  copies),  to  a  new  sub- 
scriber.   Sample  copy  free.    Ask  for  it. 

George  W.  Yorh  %  Co. 


334  Dearborn  Street 


Chicago  Illinois 


Big  Song  Book 


"Polly,  I  Love  But  "You,"  words  and  mu- 
sic; "Piking  the  Pike,"  "Just  Because 
I'm  From  Missouri,"  "Hiawatha," 
"Navajo,"  "Bedella,"  "Josle,"  "Only  a 
Factory  Girl,"  "Flirting  at  the  Sea- 
shore," "The  Little  Brown  Man  of  Ja- 
pan," "Come  Down,  Miss  Mallnda,"  "Ma 
Ragtime  Ebony  Belle,"  and  44  other 
popular  songs,  all  In  one  book,  and  sent 
postpaid  for  only  10  cents  We  will  also 
send  a  coupon  good  for  10  cents  to 
every  one  mentioning  In  what  paper  they 
saw    this   ad. 


This  is  a  special  offer  to  introduce  our 
goods,  so  send  at  once. 


H.  D.  LEADER  CO. 

tf  GRAND   RAPIDS,   MICH. 


MUSIC  LOVERS 


BIG  MAGAZINE  ONE  YEAR  FOR  TEN  CENTS 

Send  us  10  cents  in  silver,  together 
with  the  names  of  ten  persons  who 
get  mall  at  your  postofRce  who  are 
interested  In  MUSIC,  and  we  will 
send  you  our  handsome  magazine 
one  year.  We  receive  hundreds  of 
new  subscriptions  daily  from  per- 
sons who  think  our  magazine  a  big- 
ger bargain  than  Harper's,  Mun- 
sey's.  Ladies'  Home  Journal,  or 
McClure's.  This  Is  a  special  offer 
for  a   short   time   only. 


OUR    SUBSCRIPTION    PRICE    MAY 
ADVANCE  TO  $1    PER  YEAR  SOON 


BERGES    PUBLISHING   CO. 

Dept.  H.  D.  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


r 


HERE'S  YOUR  CHANCE! 


A  PLAN  BY  WHICH  MAGAZINE  LOVERS  MAY  SECURE 

THE    COSMOPOLITAN 

AT  REGULAR  RATE  AND 

THE  AMERICAN    BEE-KEEPER,  Free 

FOR  ONE  YEAR 

Read  every  word  of  this  announcement, 
or  it  is  the  opportunity  of  years.  This 
year  several  magazines  have  increased 
their  subscription  price,  which  shows 
how  much  greater  this  offer  really  is 
Only  a  limited  number  will  be  sold  at  the 
price,  therefore  we  advise  everyone  to  ac- 
cept this  without  delay.  When  we  have 
received  a  certain  number,  we  shall  with- 
draw the  offer. 

Cosmopolitan 

having  now  passed  to  the  ownership  of 
the  most  successful  publishing  house  in 
existence,  the  Hearst  organization,  will 
shortly  become  the  most  widely  read  mag- 
azine in  America.     Over 

500,000   Copies   a   Month 

will  shortly  be  required  to  fill  the  demand, 
while  within  the  year  it  will  outrank  every 
other  magazine  in  this  country.  "The 
best,  no  matter  what  it  costs,"  is  the  motto 
of  its  editors,  therefore  it  will  be  in  Cos- 
mopolitan that  vou  will  find  the  writers  of 
world-wide  reputation;  the  matters  on 
which  they  write  will  be  questions  on  pub- 
lic tongue;  its  fiction  will  be  masterpieces 
of  pen-craft;  its  whole  contents  will  set 
the  standard  for  magazine  perfection.  We 
cannot  tell  today  who  will  be  its  contrib- 
utors, for  tomorrow's  sun  may  shine  upon 
a  new-born  Conan  Doyle,  or  the  author  of 
another  "David  Harum,"  and  should  such 
be,  you  will  find  it  in  Cosmopolitan. 

Our   Extraordinary  Offer 

TO  EITHER  NEW  OR  OLD  SUBSCRIBERS. 

As  noted  above,  we  have  secured  a  limited  number  of  subscriptions  to  Cosmopolitan  which 
we  offer  as  a  premium  with  American  Bee-Keeper,  for  one  year  as  follows: 

American  Bee-Keeper,  one  year,     -     -     $    .50    \ 
Cosmopolitan,  one  year,      =      =      -      -         I.OO    \ 

Fill  out  this  coupon — cut  it  oil — mail  it  TODAY — and  secure  the  greatest  bargain  that  will  ever  be  ollered  to  the 
reading  public.     Do  It  today,  sure. 


Both  for  only  =  =  $1.00 


CUT   THIS    COUPON    OFF,    AND    SEND    TODAY. 

AMERICAN  BEE-KEEPhR:  Date 

I  accept  your  ofifer  of  American  Bee-Keeper  and  Cosmopolitan,  both  for  one  year 
for  only  $1.00. 

Name Street 

Town State 


/AGENTS  Wanted  'wasting  Mach-m 


feS. 


You  can  double  your  money  Gvery  time  you  sell  one 

md  they  sell  easily.     We  have  sold  over   150,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years.      They 
ire  cheaper  than  e^er.     Catalogue  Free. 

The  Empire  Washer  Co. ,    Jamestown,  N.Y. 


PROFIT 

By    Studying    Our 

Home  Nursing  Series 

New    Books    for    the    Home. 

i  o  w  e  —  "TRe  Expectant "  Mother," 
12mo.,     net 50 

■Cilmer — "Practical  Care  of  the  Baby," 
12mo.,    Extra    Cloth $1.00 

-app — "The   Daughter,"    Extra  Cloth...    1.00 

Guernsey — "Plain  Talks  on  Avoided 
Subjects,"     l-O® 

F.  A.   DAVIS  CO.,    Publishers 

MALL    ORDER   I>EPT. 
1914-16  Cherry  St.   -     -       Philadelphia,  Pa. 


National  Bee*.Keepers'  Association, 

The  largest  bee-keepers'  society   in  the 
world . 

Organized    to  protect    and  promote   the 
interests  of  its  members. 

Membership  Fee,  $1.00  a  Year. 

N.E.  FRANCE,  Platteville,  Wis., 

General  Manager  and  Treasure! 


Sunshine 


is  gaining  ad- 
miration as  a 
popular  liter- 
a  r  V  family 
— — ^— ^^— ^— "^       IVIAGAZINE. 

It  entertains  its  readers  with  good, 
short  stories,  sketches  and  poems  by  the 
most  famous  authors  of  the  day  and  is 
a    magazine    of    superior    merit. 

It  is  a  welcome  visitor  in  every  home. 

Price  25  cents  a  year. 

We  wish  to  have  our  magazine  in  your 
vicinity  and  as  a  special  offer  for  new 
readers    we    will    send    you 

Sunshine  lor  I  Year  for  lOc. 

Think   of   it,    less   than   one   cent   a   copy. 
Can't  you  act  as  our  agent? 

ADD.  MAYES  PfeJB.  CO., 

LOUISVrLLE,     -     -     -     -     KENTUCKT. 


When  writing  to  advertisers  please 
mention  The  American  Bee-Keeper. 


50    YEARS' 
EXPERIENCE 


Trade  Marks 
Designs 
Copyrights  &c. 

Anvone  sending  a  sketch  and  description  may 
Quicklv  ascertain  our  opinion  free  whether  an 
invention  is  probably  patentable.  Communica- 
tions strictly  confidential.  Handbook  on  Patents 
sent  tree.  Oldest  agency  for  securing  patents. 

P.atents  taken  through  Munn  &  Co.  receive 
special  notice,  without  charge,  in  the 

Scientific  Jimerican. 

A  handsomely  illustrated  weekly.  Largest  cir- 
culation of  any  scientific  journal.  Ternis,  f  d  a 
year  ;  four  months,  fl.    Sold  by  all  newsdealers. 

MUNN  XCc^^'^^"^"*^^' New  York 

Branch  Office,  625  F  St..  Washington,  ».  C. 


A  Boon 
For 


PoflltrrKeer'^ 


flow  we  make  our  hens  pay  400 
per  ceut^  profit,  new  system,  our 
own  method,  fully  explained  in 
our  Illustrated  Poultry  Book  which  contains 
Poultry  Keepere'  Acc'tand  Egg  Record  showing 
gains  or  losses  evBL-  month  for  one  year.  Worth  25 
cts,  sent  to  vou  for  It  c.  if  you  will  send  names  of  A 
poultry  keepers  with  your  order.  Address, 
G.  S.  VIBBERT.  P.B.  66.  Clintonville.  Conn- 


Are  You  Looking  for  a  Home? 

No  farmer  should  think  of  buying  land 
before  seeing  a  copy  of  THE  FARM  ANI> 
REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAL.  It  contains 
the  largest  list  of  lands  for  sale  of  any 
paper  published  in  Iowa.  Reaches  30,000 
readers  each  issue,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
advertising  mediums  to  reach  the  farmers 
and  the  Homeseekers  that  you  can  ad- 
vertise in.  For  75c.  we  will  mail  you  the 
Journal  for  1  year,  or  for  ten  cents  in 
silver  or  stamps  we  will  send  you  the 
Journal  2  months  on  trial.     Address, 

Farm  and  Real  Estate  Journal, 

TRAER,  TAMA  CO.,  IOWA. 
10-tf. 


10 


Weeks 
Cents 


We  wish  every  reader  of  the  American  Bee-Keeper  to  become  acquainted] 
Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture.  We  extend  a  cordial  invitation  in  our  offer  to  send  yc 
paper  ten  weeks  for  ten  cents. 

There  is  no  bee  paper  in  the  world  like  Gleanings.     Its  aim  is  to  meet  the  nee 
every  bee-keeper  everywhere  and  it  does  it.     Whether  you  own  one  colony  or  a 
sand,  or  are  merely  interested,  you  cannot  afford  to  miss  a  single  number.     GleaJ 
is  progressive.     Every  number  is  an  improvement  over  the  last. 

CONTRIBUTORS— It  is  useless  to  state  that  Gleanings  excels  in  this  poi 
regular  department  is  edited  by  Dr.  C.  C.  Miller,  G.  M.  Doolittle,  Prof.  A.  J. 
J.  A.  Green  and  Louis  Scholl.  These  names  speak  for  themselves  for  they  are  th 
writers  of  the  day.  Every  issue  contains  articles  from  the  pens  of  the  best  bee-k 
all  over  the  land.  A  list  of  them  would  be  the  catalog  of  the  most  successful  bee- 
ers  the  world  over.  We  will  soon  begin  a  series  of  remarkable  articles  by  E.  W.  . 
ander.  We  are  safe  in  saying  a  higher  price  was  never  paid  for  an  article  of  this 
as  we  paid  for  a  single  one  of  this  series.  Every  one  of  them  will  be  worth  hundre 
dollars  to  bee-keepers. 

HALFTONE  ILLUSTRATIONS— During  the  past  summer  we  have  had  a  sj 
artist  to  take  photographs  for  us.     He  has  traveled  on  our  account  alone  the  past 
mer  over  4,000  miles,  and  we  can  promise  some  very  fine  pictures.     Many  of  the  S 
Prize  PHcto  Contest,  American  and  foreign,  will  appear  soon.    Our  engravings  are 
by  the  very  finest  engravers  in  the  United    States.     Just  this   wealth   of  illustra^ 
doubles  the  value  of  the  paper. 

DECEMBER  15TH  ISSUE— We  are  pleased  to  announce  that  extensive  plan 
now  under  way  for  a  special  Christmas  issue  of  Gleanings.  It  is  pfanned  that  this  11 
shall  far  exceed  in  its  wealth  of  contributed  articles,  its  halftones  and  its  cover  del 
anything  that  heretofore  has  been  attempted  in  bee-keeping  literature.  The  cover  j 
be  designed  and  printed  by  one  of  the  best  color  printing  establishments  in  the  Ui 
States.  The  design  is  something  unique  and  beautiful  indeed.  This  issue  will  cor 
nearly  100  pages  and  40,000  copies  will  be  printed,  making  a  bee-keeper's  maga 
that  compares  favorably  with  any  magazine  of  the  present  day. 

SUBSCRIBE— When  you  have  read  this  notice  take  up  your  pen  and  tell  us  to  i 
you  Gleanings  ten  weeks,  and  enclose  ten  cents,  in  coin  or  stamps.     Don't  put  it 
The  magnificent  Christmas  number  alone  will  be  worth  twenty-five   cents   to  any 
keeper— we  don't  promise  this  number  to  any  but  subscribers.     You  will  never  be  | 
to  spend  ten  cents  to  a  better  advantage.  ' 

THE  A.  L  ROOT  COMPANY  ] 

MEDINA,   OHIO  ' 

144  E.  Erie  St.,  Chicago  10  Vine  St.,  Philadelphia         44  Vesey  St.,  New  York